Full text of "Virgil"
Google
This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on Hbrary shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project
to make the world's books discoverable online.
It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject
to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books
are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that's often difficult to discover.
Marks, notations and other maiginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book's long journey from the
publisher to a library and finally to you.
Usage guidelines
Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the
public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we liave taken steps to
prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying.
We also ask that you:
+ Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for
personal, non-commercial purposes.
+ Refrain fivm automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google's system: If you are conducting research on machine
translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the
use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help.
+ Maintain attributionTht GoogXt "watermark" you see on each file is essential for informing people about this project and helping them find
additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it.
+ Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume that just
because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other
countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we can't offer guidance on whether any specific use of
any specific book is allowed. Please do not assume that a book's appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner
anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liabili^ can be quite severe.
About Google Book Search
Google's mission is to organize the world's information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers
discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web
at|http : //books . google . com/|
m
7m
f
I
^ ^0£B Cr .
^IH
fJV
^Ifo
<5XZ.
^OLKmg
^E
IT
Ra
AM's
*. -::,r
\/(Cxv^pLL'tjj^^ Mr^ v-n , TiA.bLua.s
It
VIRGIL
WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY
H. RUSHTON FAIRCLOUGH
FBonessoR of latot nr btanfobd uniybbbitt
OALOOBiriA
IN TWO VOLUMES
II
AENEID VII-XII
THE MINOR POEMS
■» (
LONDON : WILLIAM HEINEMANN
NEW YORK : G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS
MCMXVIII
vct-X* i. -^.f
MY DAUGHTER J
• •••;•, : ^ \ :
V », «- L
c ••••• .'*•.,,,*. *,*»•■
CONTENTS
THE AENEID
BOOK VII
BOOK VIII
BOOK IX
BOOK X
BOOK XI
BOOR XII
THE MINOR POEMS
CULEX
CIRIS
COPA
MORETUM
DIRAE-
LYDIA
PRIAPEA
CATALEPTON
INDEX
PAQB
60
J-/
112^
170v.
234
4y
298
fcv
370
<'
404
\
448
452
462
472
480
486
511
\
THE AENEID
BOOKS VII-XII
VOL. II.
B
.-: ••
« •
• • <
• • •
• • ••
AENEIS
LIBER VII
%.%/-Tu quoque litoribus nostris, Aeneia nutrix, mpb
• aetemam moriens famam^ Caieta, dedisti ;
et nunc servat honos sedem tuus, ossaque nomen
Hesperia in magna^ si qua est ea gloria^ signat.
At pius exsequiis Aeneas rite solutis, fmpr
aggere composite tumuli, postquam alta quierunt 6
aequora, tendit iter velis portumque relinquit.
adspirant aurae in noctem, nee Candida cursus
Luna negat, splendet tremulo sub lumine pontus.
proxima Circaeae raduntur litora terrae, 10
dives inaccessos ubi Solis filia lucos
adsiduo resonat cantu, tectisque superbis
urit odoratam nocturna in lumina cedrum,
arguto tenuis percurrens pectine telas.
hinc exaudiri gemitus iraeque leonum 1 5
vincla recusantum et sera sub nocte rudentum,
saetigerique sues atque in praesepibus ursi
saevire, ac formae magnorum ululare luporum,
* famatn moriens P^, * signant MP.
' portus P. ® cursum K.
^* nocturno in lumine M. ^^ exaudire P.
*• saeva P.
i
^r
THE AENEID
BOOK VII
Thou^ too^^ Caieta^ nurse of Aeneas^ hast by thj death
given deathless fame to our shores; and still thine
honour guards thy resting-place^ and in great Hes-
peria^ if such glory be aught^ thy name marks'* thy
dust.
^ But good Aeneas, when the last rites were duly
paid and the funeral mound was raised, soon as the
high seas were stilled, sails forth on his way and
leaves the haven. Breezes blow on into the night, and
the Moon, shining bright, forbids not the voyage ;
the sea glitters beneath her dancing beams. Closely
they skirt the shores of Circe's land,^ where the rich
daughter of the Sun thrills her untrodden groves
with ceaseless song, and in her stately halls bums
fragrant cedar to illuminate the night, as with shrill
shuttle she sweeps the fine-spun web. Hence could
be heard the angry growls of lions chafing at their
bonds and roaring in midnight hours, the raging
of bristly boars and encaged bears, and howls from
shapes of monstrous wolves ; whom with her potent
^ As well as Misenus (vi. 234) and Palinurus (vi. 381).
Caieta gave her name to Gaeta and the Gulf of Gaeta.
• Circeii, a promontory of Latium, but once an island, is
identified by Virgil with Homer's island of Aeaea, the home
of Circe.
3
B 2
VIRGIL
quos hominum ex facie dea saeva potentibus herbis
induerat Circe in voltus ac terga ferarum. 20
quae ne monstra pii paterentur talia Troes
delati in portus, neu litora dira subirent,
Neptunus ventis implevit vela secundis^
atque fugam dedit, et praeter vada fervida vexit.
lamque rubescebat radiis mare, et aethere ab alto 25
Aurora in roseis fulgebat lutea bigis :
cum venti posuere omnisque repente resedit
flatus, et in lento luctantur marmore tonsae.
atque hie Aeneas ingentem ex aequore lucum
prospicit. hunc inter fluvio Tiberinus amoeno SO
verticibus rapidis et multa flavus harena
in mare prorumpit. variae circumque supraque
adsuetae ripis volucres et fluminis alveo
aethera mulcebant cantu, lucoque volabant.
flectere iter sociis terraeque advertere proras 35
imperat, et laetus fluvio succedit opaco.
Nunc age, qui reges, Erato, quae tempora rerum,
quis Latio antiquo fuerit status, advena classem
cum primum Ausoniis exercitus appulit oris,
expediam, et primae revocabo exordia pugnae. 40
tu vatem, tu, diva, mone. dicam horrida bella,
dicam acies actosque animis in funera reges,
Tyrrhenamque manum, totamque sub arma coactam
Hesperiam. maior rerum mihi nascitur ordo,
maius opus moveo.
Rex arva Latinus et urbes 45
iam senior longa placidas in pace regebat.
hunc Fauno et Nympha genitum Laurente Marica
'7 tempora rerum as punctuated in M and hy Strviua:
tempora, rerum Peerlkamp.
4
AENEID BOOK VII
herbs Circe, cruel goddess, had changed from the
likeness of men, clothing them in the features and
frames of beasts. But lest the good Trojans should
suffer such monstrous fate, should enter the haven or
draw near the cursed shore, Neptune filled their
sails ivith favouring winds, and gave them escape,
and bore them past the seething shallows.
25 And now the sea was reddening with the rays
of dawn, and from high heaven saffron-hued Aurora
shone in roseate car, when the winds fell, and every
breath sank suddenly, and the oar blades strive amid
the sluggish calm of waters. Then lo! Aeneas,
gazing forth from the flood, sees a mighty forest.
Through its midst the Tiber, with pleasant stream,
leaps forth to sea in swirling eddies and yellow with
plenteous sand. Around and above, birds of varied
plumes, that haunt the banks and river-channel,
charmed the sky with song, and flitted amid the
forest. He bids his comrades change their course
and turn their prows to land, and joyfully enters the
shadv river.
37 Awake now, Erato ! Who were the kings, what
was the tide of events, how stood ancient Latiuni,
when first that stranger host beached its barques on
Ausonia's shore — this will I unfold ; and the prelude
of the opening strife will I recall. Thou, goddess,
do thou prompt thy bard I I will tell of grim
wars, will tell of battle array, and princes in their
valour rushing upon death — of Tyrrhenian bands,
and all Hesperia mustered in arms. Greater is
the story that opens before me ; greater is the task
I essay.
^ King Latinus, now old, ruled over lands and
towns in the calm of a long peace. He, we are told,
was sprung of Faunus and the Laurentine nymph,
5
VIRGIL
accipimus : Fauno Picus pater^ isque parentem
te^ Satume^ refert^ tu sanguinis ultimus auctor.
filius huic fato divum prolesque virilis 50
nulla fuit, primaque oriens erepta iuventa est.
sola domum et tantas servabat filia sedes^
iam matura viro^ iam plenis nubilis annis.
multi illam magno e Latio totaque petebant
Ausonia. petit ante alios pulcherrimus omnes 55
Turnus, avis atavisque potens, quern regia coniunx
adiungi generum miro properabJat amore ;
sed variis portenta deum terroribus obstant.
laurus erat tecti medio in penetralibus altis^ mpr
sacra comam multosque metu servata per annos^ 60
quam pater inventam, primas cum conderet arces,
ipse ferebatur Phoebo sacrasse Latinus,
Laurentisque ab ea nomen posuisse colonis.
huius apes summum densae (mirabile dictu)^
stridore ingenti liquidum trans aethera vectae, 65
obsedere apicem et pedibus per mutua nexis
examen subitum ramo frondente pependit.
continuo vates '^ externum cernimus," inquit^
" adventare virum et partis petere agmen easdem
partibus ex isdem et sjumma dominarier arce." 70
praeterea, castis adolet dum altaria taedis
et iuxta genitorem adstat Lavinia virgo,
visa, nefas, longis comprendere crinibus ignem,
atque omnem ornatum flamma crepitante cremari/
regalisque accensa comas, accensa coronam 75
insignem gemmis ; tum fumida lumine fulvo
involvi ac totis Volcanum spargere tectis.
id vero horrendum ac visu mirabile ferri :
namque fore inlustrem fama fatisque canebant
ipsam, sed populo magnum portendere bellum. 80
^^ in plenis P. i
'^ dum] cum Nonius,
6
f
n
AENEID BOOK Vll
Marica. Faunus' sire was Picus^ and he boasts thee^
O Saturn^ as his father ; thou art first founder of the
line. To him by Heaven's decree was no son or
male descent, cut off, as it was, in the spring of early
youth. Alone, to preserve the house and noble home,
was a daughter, now ripe for a husband, now of fiill
age to be a bride. Many wooed her from wide
Latium and all Ausonia, yet goodliest above all other
wooers was Turnus, of long and lofty ancestry, whom
the queen-mother yearned with wondrous passion to
unite to her as son. But divine portents, with mani-
fold alarms, bar the way. In the midst of the palace,
in the high inner courts, stood a laurel of sacred
leafage, preserved in awe through many years, which
lord Latinus himself, 'twas said, found and dedicated
to Phoebus, when he built his first towers ; and from
it he gave his settlers their name Laurentes. Atop
of this tree, wondrous to tell, settled a dense swarm
of beeSj borne with loud humming across the liquid
air, and with feet intertwined hung in sudden swarm
from the leaty bough. Forthwith the prophet cries :
^^I see a stranger draw near; from the self-same
quarter a troop seeks the same quarter, and reigns
in the topmost citadel ! " Moreover, while with hal-
lowed torch he kindles the altars, and at her father s
side stands the maiden Lavinia, she was seen (O hor-
ror !) to catch fire in her long tresses, and burn with
crackhng flame in all her headgear, her queenly hair
ablaze, ablaze her jewelled coronal ; then wreathed
in smoke and yellow glare, she scattered fire through-
out the palace. That indeed was noised abroad as
an awful and wondrous vision ; for she, they foretold,
would herself be glorious in fame and fortune, yet
to her people she boded a mighty war.
VIRGIL
At rex sollicitus monstris oracula Fauni^
fatidici genitoris^ adit lucosque sub alta
consulit Albunea^ nemorum quae maxima sacro
fonte sonat saevamque exhalat opaea mephitim.
hine Italae gentes omnisque Oenotria tellus 85
in dubiis responsa petunt : hue dona sacerdos
cum tulit et caesarum ovium sub nocte silenti
pellibus incubuit stratis somnosque petivit^
multa modis simulacra videt volitantia miris
et varias audit voces fruiturque deorum 90
conloquio atque imis Acheronta adfatur Avernis.
hie et tum pater ipse petens responsa Latinus
centum lanigeras mactabat rite bidentis^
atque harum effultus tergo stratisque iacebat
velleribus : subita ex alto vox reddita luco est : 95 "
'^ ne pete conubiis natam sociare Latinis^
o mea progenies, thalamis neu crede paratis :
extemi venient generi, qui sanguine nostrum
nomen in astra ferant quorumque ab stirpe nepotes
omnia sub pedibus, qua Sol utrumque recurrens 1 00
aspicit Oceanum, vertique regique videbunt."
haec responsa patris Fauni monitusque silenti
nocte datos non ipse suo premit ore Latinus,
sed circum late volitans iam Fama per urbes
Ausonias tulerat, cum Laomedontia pubes 105
gramineo ripae religavit ab aggere classem.
Aeneas primique duces et pulcher lulus
** saevum M. •* subito M.
•* veniunt preferred hy Servivs,
AENEID BOOK VII
^^ But the king, troubled by the portent, visits the
oracle of Faunus, his prophetic sire, and consults the
groves beneath high Albunea, which, mightiest of
forests,^ echoes with hallowed fountain, and breathes
forth from her darkness a deadly vapour. Hence
the tribes of Italy and all the Oenotrian land seek
responses in days of doubt; hither the priestess
brings the offerings, and as she lies under the silent
night on the outspread fleeces of slaughtered sheep
and woos slumber, she sees many phantoms flitting in
wondrous wise, hears voices manifold, holds converse
with the gods, and speaks with Acheron in lowest
Avemus. Here then, also. King Latinus himself,
seeking an answer, duly slaughtered a hundred woolly
sheep, and lay couched on their hides and outsprdkd
fleeces. Suddenly a voice came from the deep grove :
'^ Seek not, O my son, to ally thy daughter in Latm
^ wedlock, and put no faith in the bridal-chamber
prepared. Strangers shall come, to be thy sons,
whose blood shall exalt our name to the stars, and
the children of whose race shall behold, where the
circling sun looks on either ocean,* the whole world
roll obedient beneath their feet." This answer of
his father Faunus, and the warning he gave in the
silent night, Latinus keeps not shut within his own
lips ; but Rumour, flitting far and wide, had already
borne the tidings through the Ausonian cities, when
the sons of Laomedon moored their ships to the
river's grassy bank.
^^ Aeneas, and his chief captains and fair liilus,
^ Albunea is here identified with the forest. Situated at
or near Laurentum, this must be different from the Albunea
of Horace, Carm. i. 7, 12, which is a cascade at Tibur.
2 i.e. in East and West; the Ocean being conceived as
flowing round the earth.
^ 9
'*
'o^
VIRGIL
corpora sub ramis deponunt arboris altae
instituuntque dapes et adorea liba per herbam
subiciunt epulis (sic luppiter ipse monebat) 110
et Cereale solum pomis agrestibus augent.
consumptis hie forte aliis^ ut vertere morsus
exiguam in Cererem penuria adegit edendi
et violare manu malisque audacibus orbem
fatalis crusti patulis nee parcere quadris : 115
^'heus ! etiam mensas consumimus/' inquit lulus^
nee plura adludens. ea vox audita labonun
prima tulit finem primamque loquentis ab ore
eripuit pater ac stupefaetus numine pressit.
continuo ^' salve fatis mihi debita tell us 120
vosque," ait, " o fidi Troiae, salvete, penates :
hie domus, haec patria est. genitor mihi talia namque
(nunc repeto) Anchises fatorum arcana reliquit : I
' cum te, nate, fames ignota ad litora vectum \
accisis coget dapibus consumere mensas, 125
tum sperare domos defessus ibique memento
prima locare manu molirique aggere tecta.'
haec erat ilia fames, haec nos suprema manebat,
exitiis positura modum.
quare agite et primo laeti cum lumine solis, 1 30
quae loca, quive habeant homines, ubi moenia gentis,
vestigemus et a portu diversa petamus.
nunc pateras libate lovi precibusque vocate
Anchisen genitorem, et vina reponite mensis."
**• ipse] ille M\ knoum to Servitu,
*«* ambesis B, i«« manebant R.
* The round cakes, like our hot cross-buns, were scored by
cross-lines into four quarters (quadrae),
10
AENEID BOOK VII
lay their limbs to rest under the boughs of a high
tree^ and spread the feast ; they place cakes of meal
along the sward beneath the viands — Jove himself
inspired them — and they crown the wheaten base
with fruits of the field. Here, haply, when the rest
was consumed, and the scantness of fare drove them
to turn their teeth upon the slender cakes — to
profane with hand and daring jaw the fateful circles
of crust, and spare not the broad loaves ^ : " Ha !
we eat our tables too ! " quoth liilus, jesting ; this
and no more. That cry,^ when heard, first brought
an end of toil ; and as it first fell from the speaker s
lips, his father caught it up and held it fast,^ awe-
struck at Heaven's will. Straightway, " Hail, O
land," he cries, " destined as my due ! and hail to
you, ye faithful gods of Troy ! Here is our home,
here our country ! For my father Anchises — now I
recall it — bequeathed me this secret of fate : ' My
son, when, wafted to an unknown shore, hunger shall
compel thee, as food fails, to devour thy tables, then
in thy weariness hope for a home, and there be
mindful first to set up thy dwellings with thy hand
and bank them with a mound/ This was that hun-
ger foretold, this the last strait awaiting us, that
should set an end to our deadly woes ! Come then,
and, gladly with the sun s first beams, let us explore
what lands these are, what people here dwell, where
is the city of the nation, and let us fare forth from
the harbour in divers ways. Now pour your cups to
Jove, and call in prayer on my sire Anchises, and
set the wine again upon the board."
' cf. in, 255, where, however, the prophecy is uttered by
Celaeno, Dot by Anchises.
• Others render "stopped his utterance"; sc. vocem.
n
1
VIRGIL
Sic delude effatus frondenti tempora ramo 135
implieat et geniumque loci primamque deorum
Tellurem nymphasque et adhuc ignota precatur
flumina^ turn Noctem Noctisque orientia signa
Idaeumque lovem Phrygiamque ex ordine Matrem
invocat et duplicis caeloque Ereboque parentis. 140
hie pater omnipotens ter caelo clarus ab alto
intonuit radiisque ardentem lucis et auro
ipse manu quatiens ostendit ab aethere nubeni.
diditur hie subito Troiana per agmina rumor^
advenisse diem^ quo debita moenia condant. 145
certatim instaurant epulas atque omine magno
crateras laeti statuunt et vina coronant.
Postera cum prima lustrabat lampade terras
orta dies, urbem et finis et litora gentis
diversi explorant, haec fontis stagna Numici, 150
hunc Thybrim fluvium, hie fortis habitare Latinos,
tum satus Anchisa delectos ordine ab omni
centum oratores augusta ad moenia regis
ire iubet, ramis velatos Palladis omnis,
donaque ferre viro pacemque exposcere Teucris. 155
baud mora, festinant iussi rapidisque feruntur
passibus. ipse humili designat moenia fossa
moliturque locum primasque in litore sedes
castrorum in morem pinnis atque aggere cingit.
iamque iter emensi turns ac tectA Latinorum l6o
ardua cemebant iuvenes muroque subibant.
ante urbem pueri et primaevo flore inventus
exercentur equis domitantque in pulvere currus
aut acris tendunt arcus aut lenta lacertis
"» manumi/i. "« et APy ' '-
*•' exercetur Py^.
12
AENEID BOOK VII
^^ So speakings he straightway wreaths his tem-
ples with leafy bough and prays to the genius of the
place^ and Earthy first of gods ; to the nymphs and
the streams yet unknown ; then to Night and Night's
rising signs^ and to Jove of Ida and the Phrygian
Mother^ each in order^ and his twain parents^ in
heaven and in the world below. At this, the al-
mighty Father thundered thrice aloft from a clear
sky, and with his own hand shook forth to view from
heaven a cloud ablaze with shaffcs of golden light.
Then suddenly through the Trojan band runs the
rumour, that the day has come to found their pro-
mised city. Emulously they renew the feast, and
cheered by the mighty omen set on the bowls and
wreathe the wine.
^^ On the morrow, soon as the risen day was
lighting the earth with her earliest torch, by separate
ways they search out the city and boundaries and
coasts of the nation. This, they learn, is the pool of
Numicius* fount; this the Tiber river; here dwell
the brave Latins. Then Anchises' son commands a
hundred envoys, chosen from every rank, to go to
the king's stately city, o'er-shaded all by the boughs
of Pallas, to bear gifts for the hero, and to crave
peace for the Trojans. They linger not, but hasten
at his bidding and move with rapid steps. Aeneas
himself marks out his walls with a shallow trench,
toils o'er the ground, and encircles this first settle-
ment on the coast, after the fashion of a camp, with
mound and battlements. And now his band had
traversed their way ; they were in sight of the towers
and steep roofs of the Latins, and drew near to the
wall. Before the city, boys and youths in their early
bloom are a-training in horsemanship, or break in
teams amid the dust, or bend eager bows, or hurl
13
VIRGIL
spicula contorquent cursuque ictuque lacessunt^ l65
cum praevectus equo longaevi regis ad auris
nuntius ingentis ignota in veste reportat
advenisse viros. ille intra tecta vocari
imperat et solio medius consedit avito.
Tectum augustum^ ingens^ centum sublime
columnis^ 170
urbe fuit summa^ Laurentis regia Pici^
horrendum silvis et religione parentum.
hie sceptra accipere et primes attollere fasces
regibus omen erat, hoc illis curia templum,
hae sacris sedes epulis^ hie ariete caeso 175
perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis.
quin etiam veterum effigies ex ordine avorum i
antiqua e cedro, Italusque paterque Sabinus ' ^
vitisator, curvam servans sub imagine falcem,
Satumusque senex lanique bifrontis imago^ fmpr
vestibulo adstabant aliique ab origin e reges 181
Martiaque ob patriam pugnando volnera passi.
multaque praeterea sacris in postibus arma^
captivi pendent currus curvaeque secures
et cristae capitum et portarum ingentia claustra 185
spiculaque clipeique ereptaque rostra carinis.
ipse Quirinali lituo parvaque sedebat
succinctus trabea laevaque ancile gerebat
Picus, equum domitor ; quem capta cupidine coniunx
aurea percussum virga versumque venenis 190
fecit avem Circe sparsitque coloribus alas.
"« Martia qui F^M.
14
AENEID BOOK VII
with their arms tough darts^ and challenge to race
or boxing bout — when^ galloping up, a messenger
brings word to the aged monarch's ears that mighty
men are come in unknown attire. The king bids
them be summoned within the halls, and takes his
seat in the midst on his ancestral throne.
^^® Stately and vast, towering with a hundred
columns, his house crowned the city, once the palace
of Laurentian Picus, awe-inspiring with its grove and
the sanctity of olden days. Here 'twas auspicious
for kings to receive the sceptre, and first uplift the
fasces ; this shrine was their senate-house, this the
scene of their holy feasts ; here, after slaughter of
rams, the elders were wont to sit down at the long
line of tables. Yea, and in order are images of their
forefathers of yore, carved of old cedar — Italus and
father Sabinus, planter of the vine, guarding in his
image the curved pruning-hook, and aged Saturn,
and the likeness of two-faced Janus — ^all standing in
the vestibule ; and other kings from the beginning,
and they who had suffered wounds of war, fighting
for their fatherland. Many arms, moreover, hang
on the sacred doors, captive chariots, curved axes,
helmet-crests and massive bars of gates ; javelins and
shields and beaks wrenched from ships. There sat
one, holding the Quirinal staffs and girt with short
robe, his left hand bearing the sacred shield — even
Picus, tamer of steeds, whom his bride Circe, smitten
with love's longing, struck with her golden rod, and
with drugs changed into a bird with plumes of
dappled hue.
^ Quirinus {i.e. Romulus) was Rome's first augur, and as
such carried the augur's badges of office — the littiusy or curved
staff, and the ancilet or sacred shield — while he wore the
purple striped toga, or trabea.
15
VIRGIL
Tali intus templo divum patriaque Latinus
sede sedens Teucros ad sese in tecta vocavit,
atque haec ingressis placido prior edidit ore :
'^dicite, Dardanidae (neque enim nescimus et urbem
et genus^ auditique advertitis aequore cursum), 196
quid petitis ? quae causa rates aut cuius egentis
litus ad Ausonium tot per vada caerula vexit ?
sive errore viae seu tempestatibus acti,
qualia nmlta mari nautae patiuutur in alto^ 200
fluminis intrastis ripas portuque sedetis^
ne fugite hospitium neve ignorate Latinos
Satumi gentem^ baud vinclo nee legibus aequam^
sponte sua veterisque dei se more tenentem.
atque equidem memini (fama est obscurior annis) 20.5
Auruncos ita ferre senes^ bis ortus ut agris
Dardanus Idaeas Pbrygiae penetravit ad urbes
Threiciamque Samum^ quae nunc Samotbracia fertur.
bine ilium Corytbi Tyrrbena ab sede profectum
aurea nunc solio stellantis regia caeli 210
accipit et numerum divorum altaribus auget."
Dixerat^ et dicta Ilioneus sic voce secutus :
" rex, genus egregium Fauni, nee fiuctibus actos
atra subegit biems vestris succedere terris,
nee sidus regione viae litusve fefellit: 215
consilio banc omnes animisque volentibus urbem
adferimur, pulsi regnis, quae maxima quondam
extrerao veniens Sol aspiciebat Olympo.
ab love principium generis, love Dardana pubes
^^"^ penetrarit £.
2^^ numerom P^: numero 7*2y. addit 7^.
2" dictum M\
\6
AENEID BOOK VII
^^ Spch was the temple of the gods wherein
Latinus, seated on the throne of his fathers^ sum-
moned the Teucrians to his presence in the halls, and
as they entered greeted them thus with gentle mien :
" Tell, O Sons of Dardanus — for your city and race
we know, and not unheard of is your journey over
the deep — what seek ye? What cause, or what
need, hath borne you to the Ausonian shore o'er so
many dark-blue waters? Whether straying from
your course, or driven by storms (for such things oft
do sailors suffer on the high seas), ye have entered
the river banks and lie in haven, shun not our
welcome, and be not unaware that the Latins are
Saturn's race, righteous not by bond or laws, but
self-controlled of their own free will and by the
custom of their ancient god. And in truth I re-
member, though time has dimmed the tale, that
Auruncan elders told how that in this land sprang
Dardanus,^ and hence passed to the towns of Phry-
gian Ida and Thracian Samos, that men now call
Samothrace. *Twas hence, from the Tuscan home
of Corythus, he came, and now the golden palace of
the starry sky admits him to a throne, and with his
altars he increases the number of the gods.''
21* He ceased, and Ilioneus followed thus : " O
King, illustrious seed of Faunus, no black storm hath
tossed us on the waves and driven us to seek shelter
in your lands, nor hath star or shore misled us in our
course. Of set purpose and with willing hearts do
we draw near to this thy city, exiled from a realm
once the greatest that the sun beheld as he journeyed
from the uttermost heajiren. From Jove'-* is the origin
of our race ; in Jove, as ancestor, the sons of
- * c/. III. 134.
*^ Jupiter was father of Dardanus.
17
VOL. II. '^
VIRGIL
gaudet avo^ rex ipse lovis de gente suprema : 220
Troius Aeneas tua nos ad limina misit.
quanta per Idaeos saevis effusa Mycenis
tempestas ierit campos^ quibus actus uterque*
f Europae atque Asiae fatis concurrent orbis,
I audiit et si quern tellus extrema refuso 225
^ summovet Oceano et si quern extenta plagarum
quattuor in medio dirimit plaga Solis iniqui.
diluvio ex illo tot vasta per aequora vecti
dis sedem exiguam patriis litusque rogamus
innocuum et cunctis undamque auramque patentem.
non erimus regno indecores, nee vestra feretur 23 1
fama levis tantique abolescet gratia facti,
nee Troiam Ausonios gremio excepisse pigebit.
fata per Aeneae iuro dextramque potentem,
sive fide seu quis bello est expertus et armis : 235
multi nos populi, multae (ne temne, quod ultro
praeferimus manibus vittas ac verba precantia)
et petiere sibi et voluere adiungere gentes ;
sed nos fata deum vestras exquirere terras
imperiis egere suis. hinc Dardanus ortus^ 240
hue repetit, iussisque ingentibus urget Apollo
Tyrrhenum ad Thybrim et fontis vada sacra Numici.
dat tibi praeterea fortunae parva prions
munera^ reliquias Troia ex ardente receptas.
hoc pater Anchises auro libabat ad aras^ 245
hoc Priami gestamen erat, cum iura vocatis
**^ miitit F. ^2* concurritur Py^: concurreret E,
«*• quam R. «" tantive It.
18
AENEID BOOK VII
Dardanus glory ; of Jove's supreme race is our king
himself^ Trojan Aeneas^ who has sent us to thy doors.
How fierce the storm that burst from cruel Mycenae
and passed o*er the plains of Ida; how^ driven by
fate, the two worlds of Europe and Asia clashed —
has come to the ears of all, whom the farthest land
where Ocean is flung back keeps far away, and of all
whom the zone of the tyrannous sun, stretched mid-
most of the four, severs from us.^ From that deluge
have we sailed o'er many waste seas, and now crave
a scant home for our country's gods, a harmless
landing-place, and air and water free to all. We
shall be no shame to the realm, nor shall your renown
be lightly told or the grace of such a deed grow
faint, nor shall Ausonia repent of having welcomed
Troy to her breast. By the fortunes of Aeneas I
swear, and by his strong right hand, whether in
loyalty or in war and arms it has been proved, many
are the peoples, many the nations — scorn us not,
that of ourselves we proffer garlands with our hands
and address to you words of suppliance — who have
sought us for themselves and craved our alliance ;
but the will of heaven has forced us by its behests to
seek out your shores. Hence was Dardanus sprung
and hither he returns ;2 while with high decrees
Apollo urges us to Tuscan Tiber and the sacred
waters of the Numician spring. Further, to thee
our king offers these poor tokens of his former for-
tune— relics snatched from burning Troy. With
this gold did his father Anchises pour libation at the
altars; this was Priam's array when after his wont
^ Those who dwell farthest away on Atlantic shores, and
those beyond the tropics, alike have heard.
* i,e, in the person of his descendants. Others make
ApoUo the subject of repetit.
19
c 2
VIRGIL
more daret populis, sceptrumque sacerque tiaras
Iliadumque labor vestes.** fmprv
Talibus Ilionei dictis defixa Latinus
obtutu tenet ora soloque immobilis haeret, 250
intentos volvens oculos. nee purpura regem
picta movet nee sceptra movent Priameia tantum^
quantum in conubio natae thalamoque moratur^
et veteris Fauni volvit sub pectore sortem :
hunc ilium fatis externa ab sede profectum 255
portendi generum paribusque in regna vocari
auspiciis^ huic progeniem virtute futuram
egregiam et totum quae viribus occupet orbem.
tandem laetus ait : '^ di nostra incepta secundent
auguriumque suum ! dabitur, Troiane, quod optas ; 260
munera nee spemo. non vobis, rege Latino^
divitis uber agri Troiaeve opulentia deerit.
ipse modo Aeneas, nostri si tanta cupido est,
si iungi hospitio properat sociusque vocari,
adveniat, volt us neve exhorrescat amicos : 265
pars mihi pacis erit dextram tetigisse tyranni.
vos contra regi mea nunc mandata referte.
est mihi nata, viro gentis quam iungere nostrae
non patrio ex adyto sortes, non plurima caelo
monstra sinunt ; generos externis adfore ab oris, 270
hoc Latio restare canunt, qui sanguine nostrum
nomen in astra ferant. hunc ilium poscere fata
et reor et, si quid veri mens augurat, opto."
Haec efFatus equos numero pater eligit omni fmpr
(stabant ter centum nitidi in praesepibus altis) ; 275
254 volvens F^. . *•* Troiaeque P*^.
28* Qocm^we FRV.
20
AENEID BOOK VII
he gave laws to the assembled nations — ^the sceptre,
the sacred diadem, and the robes wrought by Ilium's
daughters."
**• At these words of Ilioneus Latinus holds his
face fixed in steady gaze downward, rolling the while
his earnest eyes. Nor is it so much that the em-
broidered purple or the sceptre of Priam moves the
king^ as that he broods o'er his daughter's wedlock
and bridal bed, and revolves in his breast the oracle
of ancient Faunus. ''This," he thought, ''must be
he who, coming from a stranger's home, is pre-
destined by the fates as my son, and called to
sovereignty with equal power ; hence must come the
offspring, glorious in valour, whose might is to master
all the world." At last, in gladness, he speaks :
"May the gods prosper our intent and their own
prophecy ! Trojan, thy wish shall be granted ; nor
do I spurn thy gifts. While Latinus is king, ye shall
not lack the bounty of a fruitful soil, nor Troy's
abundance. Only let Aeneas, if so he longs for us,
if he be eager to join us in amity and be called our
ally, let him come in person and shrink not from
friendly eyes. To me it shall be a term of the peace
to have touched your sovereign's hand ! Do ye now
in turn take back to the king my answer : I have a
daughter whom oracles from my father's shrine and
countless prodigies from heaven suffer me not to
unite to a bridegroom of our race ; sons shall come
from shores of strangers — such destiny, they foretell,
awaits Latium — whose blood shall exalt our name to
the stars. That this is he on whom fate calls, I both
think, and, if my soul forebodes aught of truth, him
I choose^'
*^* With these words the old king picks out horses
from all his number — ^three hundred stood sleek in
21
VIRGIL
omnibus extemplo Teucris iubet ordine duci
instratos ostro alipedes pictisque tapetis fmr
(aurea pectoribus deinissa monilia pendent,
tecti auro fulvum mandunt sub dentibus aurum),
absent! Aeneae currum geminosque iugalis 280
semine ab aetherio, spirantis naribus ignem,
illorum de gente, patri quos daedala Circe
supposita de matre nothos furata creavit.
talibus Aeneadae donis dictisque Latini
sublimes in equis redeunt pacemque reportant. 285
Ecce autem Inachiis sese referebat ab Argis
saeva lovis coniunx aurasque invecta tenebat, '
et laetum Aenean classemque ex aethere longe
Dardaniam Siculo prospexit ab usque Paehyno.
moliri iam tecta videt, iam fidere terrae, 290
deseruisse rates : stetit acri fixa dolore.
turn quassans caput haec efFundit pectore dicta :
" heu stirpem invisam et fatis contraria nostris
fata Phrygum ! num Sigeis occumbere campis,
num capti potuere capi ? num incensa cremavit 295
Troia viros ? medias acies mediosque per ignis
invenere viam. at, credo, mea numina tandem
fessa iacent, odiis aut exsaturata quievi.
quin etiam patria excussos infesta per undas
(^ ausa sequi et profugis toto me opponere ponto : 300
j .'ibsumptae in Teucros vires caelique marisque.
quid Syrtes aut Scylla mihi, quid vasta Charybdis
2" flagrantis F. ^88 \q^^q m,
*»« nunc capti M, 298 aut] baud M\
22
AENEID BOOK VII
their high stalls. At once for all the Teucrians in
order he commands them to be led forth^ fleet of
foot and caparisoned with purple and embroidered
housings. Golden are the chains that hang drooping
from their breasts^ of gold are their trappings^ and
yellow gold they champ with their teeth. For the
absent Aeneas he chooses a car and twin coursers of
ethereal seed, breathing fire from their nostrils, and
sprung from the stock of those steeds which cunning
Circe, stealing them from her sire, bred bastard from
the mare she had mated. ^ With such words and
gifts from Latinus, the sons of Aeneas, mounted on
their horses, return carrying.back peace.
*^ But lo ! the fierce wife of Jove was faring back
from Argos, city of Inachus, holding her airy flight ;
and from the sky afar, even from Sicilian Pachynus,
she espied the rejoicing Aeneas and his Dardan fleet.
She sees them already building a home, already trust-
ing in the land, their ships deserted. She stopped,
pierced with sharp grief; then, shaking her head,
pours forth from her breast these words : '^Ah! hated
race, and Phrygian fates, that cross my own ! Could
they perish on the Sigean plains ? Could they, cap-
tured, suffer captivity ? Did the fires of Troy consume
them ? Lo ! through the midst of armies, through the
midst of flames, they have found a way. But, me-
thinks, my power at last lies outworn ; or my wrath
is sated, and I rest! Nay more, when they were
hurled forth from their country, ynth my vengeance
I dared to follow the exiles through the waves
and confront them o'er all the deep : against the
Teucrians has been spent all the power of sea and sky.
Yet what have the Syrtes availed me, or Scylla,
* Circe was daughter of the Sun, whose horses were im-
mortal, while her mare wa9 of mortal stock,
23
VIRGIL
profuit ? optato conduntur TKybridis alveo,
securi pelagi atque mei. Mars perdere gentem i
immanem Lapithum valuit^ concessit in iras 305
ipse deum antiquam genitor Calydona Dianae,
quod scelus aut Lapithas tant^m aut Calydona
merentem ?
ast ego, magna lovis coniunx, nil linquere inausum
quae potui infelix, quae memet in omnia verti,
vincor ab Aenea. quod si mea numina non sunt 310
magna satis, dubitem baud equidem implorare .
quod usquam est.
flectere si nequeo superos, Acheronta movebo.
non dabitur regnis, esto, prohibere Latinis, -
atque immota manet fatis Lavinia coniunx :
at trabere atque moras tantis licet addere rebus, 315
at licet amborum populos exscindere regum.
hac gener atque socer coeant mercede suorum.
sanguine Troiano et Rutulo dotabere, virgo,
et Bellona manet te pronuba. nee face tantum
Cisseis praegnas ignis enixa iugalis, 3^0
quin idem Veneri partus suus et Paris alter,
funestaeque iterum recidiva in Pergama taedae/*
Haec ubi dicta dedit, terras horrenda petivit ;
luctificam AUecto dirarum ab sede dearum
infernisque ciet tenebris, cui tristia bella 325
iraeque insidiaeque et crimina noxia cordi. fmrv
odit et ipse pater Pluton, odere sorores
Tartareae monstrum : tot sese vertit in ora,
»o' Capithis M^: Lapithas if*. Calydone M^E: Calydo F^.
merente F: merentes AP-: merente M: Serviua and Prisdan
pr^tr the ablatives. '^® vincar MK
'** est omitted by M\ '" hac] at M. *** sororum ItPRy^,
24
AENEID BOOK VII
what yawning Charybdis? They find shelter in
Tiber's longed-for channel^ careless of ocean and of
me. Mars could. destroy the Lapiths' giant race;
the very father of the gods yielded ancient Calydon
to Diana's wrath ; ^ though for what heinous sin did
Lapiths or Calydon merit such penalty? But I,
Jove's mighty consort, who have endured, alas! to
leave naught undared, who have turned me to every
shift, I am worsted by Aeneas 1 But if my powers
be not strong enough, surely I need not be slow to
seek succour wherever it may be ; if Heaven I can
not bend, then Hell I will arouse ! Not mine will
it be — I grant it — to keep him from the crown of
Latinm, and by fate Lavinia abides immovably his
bride ; yet to put off the hour and to bring delay to
such great issues — that may I do ; yet may I uproot
the nation of either king. At such price of their
people's lives be father and son-in-law united ! Blood
of Trojan and Rutulian shall be thy dower, maiden,
and Bellona awaits thee as thy bridal matron. Nor
did Cisseos' daughter alone conceive a firebrand and
give birth to nuptial flames.^ Nay, Venus has the
like in her own child, a second Paris, another funeral
torch for reborn Troy."
^3 These words uttered, she with awful mien
passed to earth, and calls baleful Allecto from the
home of the Dread Goddesses and the infernal shades
— Allecto, whose heart is set on gloomy wars, pas-
sions, plots and baneful crimes. Hateful is the mon-
ster even to her sire Pluto, hateful to her Tartarean
sisters ; so many are the forms she assumes, so savage
^ The wild boar of Calydou ravaged the land because
Oeneus, the king, had neglected sacrifice to Diana.
' Hecuba, before bearing Paris, dreamed that she wonld
give birth to a firebrand.
25
VIRGIL
" exsulibusne datur ducenda Lavinia Teucris,
o genitor ? nee te miseret gnataeque tuique ? 360
nee matris miseret, quam primo Aquilone relinquet
perfidus alta petens abducta virgine praedo ?
an non sic Phrygius penetrat Lacedaemona pastor
Ledaeamque Helenam Troianas vexit ad urbes ?
quid tua sancta fides ? quid cura antiqua tuorum S65
et consanguineo totiens data dextera Tumo ?
si gener externa petitur de gente Latinis
idque sedet, Faunique premunt te iussa parentis,
omnem ^quidem sceptris terram quae libera nostris
dissidet, externam reor et sic dicere divos. 870
et Tumo, si prima domus repetatur origo,
Inachus Acrisiusque patres mediaeque Mycenae."
His ubi nequiquam dictis experta Latinum
contra stare videt, penitusque in viscera lapsum
serpentis furiale malum totamque pererrat, 375
tum vero infelix, ingentibus excita monstris,
immensam sine more furit lymphata per urbem.
ceu quondam torto volitans sub verbere turbo,
quem pueri magno in gyro vacua atria circum
intenti ludo exercent (ille actus habena 380
curvatis fertur spatiis ; stupet inscia supra
inpubesque manus, mirata volubile buxum ;
dant animos plagae), non cursu segnior illo
per medias urbes agitur populosque ferocis.
quin etiam in silvas, simulato numine Bacchi, 385
^^^ at non lly. "^ dicere] poscere W^y^. *®® silvis J/^.
^ Paris was brought up as a shepherd on Mount Ida.
2 Tumus was descended from the kings of Argos through
the daughter of Acrisius, Danafe, who came, to Italy, founded
28
AENEID BOOK VII
lock : ^^ Is it to exiled Teuerians Lavinia is given as
wife, O father ? and hast thou no pity on thy daugh-
ter and thyself? no pity on her mother, whom with
the first North wind the faithless pirate will desert,
steering for the deep with a maid as booty? Or,
was it not thus that the Phrygian shepherd ^ entered
Lacedaemon and bore off Leda's Helen to Trojan
towns ? What of thy solemn pledge ? What of thine
old love for thine own, and the hand so oft pledged
to Turuus, thy kin ? If for Latins a son be sought
of strangers' stock, and if that be fixed, and the com-
mands of thy sire Faanus weigh upon thee, then I
hold that every land, free and separate from our rule,
is strange, and that such is the word of the gods.
Tumus,' too, if the first origin of his house be traced
back, has ancestry in Inachus and Acrisius and mid-
most Mycenae.*' 2
373 When, after such vain trial with worcjs, she sees
Latinus stand firm against her — wheii the serpent's
maddening venom has gUded deep into her veins
and courses through her whole frame — then, indeed,
the luckless queen, stung by monstrous horrors, in
wild frenzy rages from end to end of the city. As
at times a top, spinning under the twisted lash,
which boys intent on the game drive in a great circle
through an empty court — urged by the whip it
speeds on round after round; the puzzled, childish
throng hang over it in wonder, marvelling at the
whirling box-wood ; the blows give it life : so, with
course no slacker, is she driven through the midst of
cities and proud peoples. Nay, feigning the spirit
of Bacchus, essaying a greater sin and launching a
Ardea, and married Pilumuus. Mycenae is regarded as in
the centre of Greece.
) 29
VIRGIL
maius adorta nefas maioremque orsa furorem^
evolat et natam frondosis montibus abdit^
quo thalamum eripiat Teucris taedasque moretur,
euhoe Bacche fremens, solum te virgine dignum
^ vociferans ; etenim mollis tibi sumere thyrsos, 890
te lustrare choro, sacrum tibi pascere crinem.
fama volat, furiisque accensa^,pectore matres
idem omnis simul ardor agit nova quaerere teeta.
deseruere domos^ ventis dant eoUa comasque ;
ast aliae tremulis ululatibus aethera comp^ent 395
pampineasque gerunt'incinetae pellibus hastas.
ipsa inter medias flagrantem fervida pinum
sustinet ac natae Turnique canit hymenaeos,
sanguineam torquens aciem, torvumque repente
clamat : ^'io matres, audite, ubi quaeque, I-iatinae : 400
si qua piis animis manet infelieis Amatae
gratia, si iuris materni cura remordet,
solvite crinalis vittas, capite orgia mecum."
talem inter silvas, inter deserta ferarum mrv
reginam AUecto stimulis agit undique Bacchi. 405
Postquam visa satis primos acuisse furores
consiliumque omnemque domum vertisse Latini,
protinus bine fuscis tristis dea toUitur alis
audacis Rutuli ad muros, quam dieitur urbem
Acrisioneis Danae fundasse colonis, 410
praecipiti delata Noto. locus Ardea quondam
dictus avis : et nunc magnum manet Ardea nomen^
sed fortuna fuit. tectis hie Turnus in altis
iam mediam nigra carpebat nocte quietem.
»" choroB M^E, \ »»» illae M\
"« tenet M^R, Servius. *" hie teotis V,
30
AENEID BOOK VII
greater madness^ forth she flies to the forest^ and
hides her daughter in the leafy mountains^ thereby
to rob the Teucrians of their marriage and delay the
nuptial torch. " Evoe Bacchus ! " she shrieks. "Thou
alone/' thus she shouts^ " art worthy of the maiden !
For thee, in truth, she takes up the waving thyrsus,
to thee she pays honour in the dance, for thee she
grows her sacred tresses." Fame flies abroad, and the
matrons, their breasts kindled with fury, are driven
on, all by the same frenzy, to seek new dwellings.
They have left their homes, and bare neck and hair
to the winds, while some fill the sky with tremulous
shrieks and, clad in fawn-skins, carry vine-bound
spears. Herself in the centre, the infuriate queen
uplifts a blazing brand of pine and sings the marriage-
song of her daughter and Turnus, rolling the while
blood-shot eyes ; then of a sudden she fiercely shouts :
" Ho ! mothers of Latium, give ear, where'er ye be !
If in your loyal hearts still lives affection for unhappy
Amata, if care for a mother s rights stings your souls,
doff the fillets from your hair, join the revels with
me ! " Such is the queen, as amid woods, amid wild
beasts' coverts, AUecto drives her far and wide with
Bacchic goad.
*^ Soon as she deemed that she had whetted
enough the first shafts of frenzy, and had upturned
the purpose and all the palace of Latirius, forthwith
the gloomy goddess flies hence on dusky wings to
the walls of the bold Rutulian, the city which,
Danae, they say, thither borne by the headlong
South, built with her Acrisian settlers.^ The place
was once called Ardea by our sires, and still stands
Ardea, a mighty name, but its fortune is fled. Here,
in his high palace, Turnus, at dead of night, was in
^ cf. 372 and note.
31
VIRGIL
AUecto torvam faciem et furialia membra 415
exuit^ in voltus sese transformat anilis
et frontem obscenam rugis arat, induit albos
cum vitta crinis, turn ramum imiectit olivae ;
fit Calybe lunonis anus templique sacerdos,
et iuveni ante oculos his se cum vocibus ofFert : 420
^^ Turne, tot incassum fusos patiere labores,
et tua Da^daniis transcribi sceptra colonis ?
rex tibi coniugium et quaesitas sanguine dotes
abnegate extemusque in regnum quaeritur heres.
i nunc, ingratis offer te, inrise, periclis ; 425
Tyrrhenas, i, sterne acies, tege pace Latinos.
haec adeo tibi me, placida cum nocte iaceres,
ipsa palam fari omnipotens Saturnia iussit. fmrv
quare age et armari pubem portisque moveri [fmr
laetus in arma para, et Phrygios qui flumine pulchro
consedere duces pictasque exure carinas. 431
caelestum vis magna iubet. rex ipse Latinus,
ni dare coniugium et dicto parere fatetur,
sentiat et tandem Turnum experiatur in armis."
Hie iuvenis, vatem inridens, sic orsa vicissim 435
ore refert : " classis invectas Thybridis undam
non, ut rere, meas effugit nuntius auris ;
ne tantos mihi finge metus ; nee regia luno
immemor est nostri.
sed te victa situ verique effeta senectus, 440
o mater, curis nequiquam exercet, et arma
regum inter falsa vatem formidine ludit.
cura tibi divom effigies et templa tueri ;
bella viri pacemque gerent, quis bella gerenda."
«o iube M, "« undam] alveo M*R, *** gerant M,
32
AENEID BOOK VII
the midst of slumbers. Allecto puts off her grim
features and fiendish limbs^ transforms herself to an
old dame's face, furrows her loathly brow with
wrinkles, assumes hoary locks and fillet, next en-
twines them with an olive spray, and becomes Calybe,
aged priestess of Juno's temple, then, with these
words, presents herself to the young man's eyes :
" Tumus, wilt thou brook all these toils poured forth
in vain, and thy sceptre transferred to Dardan
settlers ? The king denies thee thy bride and the
dower thy blood has won, and a stranger is sought
as heir to thy throne. Go now, confront thankless
perils, thou scorned one: go, lay low the Tuscan
ranks ; shield the Latins with peace. This it was
that, in very presence, Saturn's almighty daughter
bade me say to thee, as thou wert lying in the
stillness of night. Rise then, and gladly make
ready the arming of thy youth, and their march from
the gates to battle. Consume the Phrygian chiefs,
who are anchored in our fair stream, and bum their
painted ships. The mighty power of the gods com-
mands. Let King Latinus himself, unless he consent
to give thee thy bride, and stand by his word, know
of it, and at last make proof of Tumus as a foe."
486 Hereon, the youth, mocking at the seer, thus in
turn takes up the speech : " That a fleet has entered
Tiber's waters, the tale has not, as thou deemest,
escaped my ear — feign not for me such terrors — nor
is Queen Juno unmindful of me. But thee, O
mother, old age, enfeebled by decay and barren of
truth, frets with vain distress, and amid the feuds of
kings mocks thy prophetic soul with false alarms.
Thy charge it is to keep the gods' images and tem-
ples ; war and peace they shall wield, whose work
war is."
33
VOL. II. ^
VIRGIL
Talibus Allecto dictis exarsit in iras. 445
at iuveni oranti subitus tremor occupat artus^
deriguere oculi : tot Erinys sibilat hydris
tantaque se facies aperit. turn flammea torquens
lumina cunctantem et quaerentem dicere plura
reppulit et geminos erexit crinibus anguis^ 450
verberaque insonuit rabidoque haec addidit ore :
'^ en ego victa situ, quam veri efFeta senectus
arma inter regum falsa formidine ludit.
respice ad haec : adsum dirarum ab sede sororum,
bella manu letumque gero." 455
Sic effata facem iuveni coniecit et atro
lumine fumantis fixit sub pectore taedas.
olli somnum ingens rumpit pavor, ossaque et artus
perfundit toto proruptus corpore sudor,
arma amens fremit, arma toro tectisque requirit ; 460
saevit amor ferri et scelerata insania belli,
ira super : magno veluti cum flamma sonore
virgea suggeritur costis undantis aeni
exsultantque aestu latices, furit intus aquai
fumidus atque alte spumis exuberat amnis, 465
nee iam se capit unda, volat vapor ater ad auras,
ergo iter ad regem polluta pace Latinum
indicit primis iuvenum et iubet arma parari,
tutari Italiam, detrudere finibus hostem ;
se satis ambobus Teucrisque venire Latinisque. mr
haec ubi dicta dedit divosque in vota vocavit, 471
certatim sese Rutuli exhortantur in arma.
hunc decus egregium formae movet atque iuventae,
hunc atavi reges, hunc claris dextera factis.
*5^ rapido Fy^.
*5» perfudit M. praeruptus Fy^.
*** aquae vis FH, Macrobius : aquai, according to Servitis,
was introduced by Tucca and Variiia for the wnffinal aquae
amnis.
AENEID BOOK VII
*** At such words Allecto blazed forth in fury.
But even as the youth spoke^ a sudden tremor seized
his limbs^ and his eyes were set in fear ; so many are
the Fury's hissing snakes^ so monstrous the features
that unfold themselves. Then, rolling her flaming
eyes^ she thrust him back, as he faltered and was
fain to say more, reared two snakes from her tresses,
sounded her whip, and spoke further with rabid lips :
*^ Behold me, enfeebled by decay, whom old age,
barren of truth, amid the feuds of kings, mocks with
vain alarm ! Look on this ! I am come from the
home of the Dread Sisters, and in my hand I bear
war and death."
*^ So saying, she hurled at the youth a torch, and
fixed in his breast the brand, smoking with lurid
light. A monstrous terror broke his sleep, and the
swe^t, bursting forth from all his frame, drenched
bone and limb. For arms he madly shrieks ; arms he
seeks in couch and chamber ; lust of the sword rages
in him, the accursed frenzy of war, and resentment
crowning all : even as when flaming sticks, loud
crackling, are heaped under the ribs of a billowing
cauldron, and the waters dance with the heat ; within
seethes the liquid flood, steaming and bubbling up
high with foam; and now the wave contains itself
no longer, and the black smoke soars aloft. There-
fore, profaning peace, he orders his chief warriors to
march upon Latinus, and bids arms be made ready.
" Defend Italy," he cries, *^ drive the foe from her
bounds ; I coQie, a match for both Teucrians and
Latins." When thus he spake, and called the gods
to hear his vows, the Rutuli vie in exhorting one
another to arms. One is moved by the peerless
beauty of his form and youth, one by his royal an-
cestry, another by the glorious deeds of his hand.
35
D 2
VIRGIL
Dum Turnus Rutulos animis audacibus implet, 475
Allecto in Teucros Stygiis se concitat alis.
arte nova speculata locum^ quo litore pulcher
insidiis cursuque feras agitabat lulus,
hie subitam canibus rabiem Cocytia virgo
obicit et noto naris contingit odore, 480
ut cervum ardentes agerent ; quae prima laborum
causa fuit belloque animos accendit agrestis. mrv
cervus erat forma praestanti et cornibus ingens,
Tyrrhidae pueri quem matris ab ubere raptum
nutribant Tyrrhusque pater, cui regia parent 485
armenta et late custodia credita campi. fmrv
adsuetum imperiis soror omni Silvia cura
moUibus intexens ornabat comua sertis,
pectebatque ferum puroque in fonte lavabat.
ille, manum patiens mensaeque adsuetus erili, 490
errabat silvis rursusque ad limina nota
ipse domum sera quamvis se noete ferebat.
Hunc procul errantem rabidae venantis luli
commovere canes, fluvio cum forte secundo
deflueret ripaque aestus viridante levaret. 495
ipse etiam, eximiae laudis succensus amore,
Ascanius curvo direxit spicula comu ;
nee dextrae erranti deus afuit actaque multo
perque uterum sonitu perque ilia venit harundo.
saucius at quadrupes nota intra tecta refugit 500
sueeessitque gemens stabulis, questuque cruentus
atque imploranti similis tectum omne replebat.
Silvia prima soror, palmis percussa lacertos,
auxilium vocat et duros conelamat agrestis.
olli (pestis enim tacitis latet aspera silvis) 505
*" malorum MK "« i^ti F^AP^RV,
*»o manu FM^. *»' derexit F^RyK
*" dextra M. ««« replevit RV.
36
J
b
AENEID BOOK VII
475 While Tumus fills the Rutuli with daring
courage^ Allecto on Stygian wing speeds toward the
Trojans^ with new wiles sp3dng out the place, where,
on the shore, fair liilus was hunting wild beasts
with nets and steeds. Here the hellish maid fiings
upon his hounds a sudden frenzy, and touches their
nostrils with the well-known scent, so that in hot
haste they course a stag. This was the first source
of ill ; this first kindled the rustic spirit to war.
There was a stag of wondrous beauty and mighty
antlers, which, torn from the mother's breast, the
sons of Tyrrhus nurtured, and Tyrrhus, their sire,
controller of the royal herds, and charged with care
of pastures near and far. Their sister Silvia had
trained him to obey, and with constant love she
adorned him, twining his horns with soft garlands,
combing the wild thing's coat, and laving him in the
crystal spring. He, patient of her hand, and accus-
tomed to his master's board, roved the woods, and of
his own accord betook himself home again to the
well-known door, howe'er late the night.
493 While far afield the stag was straying, the-
maddened hounds of the huntsman liilus started
him, as haply he floated down stream and cooled
his heat on the grassy bank. Ascanius himself, too,
fired with longing for chiefest honour, aimed a shaft
from his bent bow, nor did the goddess fail his
faltering hand ; the reed sped with a loud whiz, and
pierced belly and flank alike. But the wounded
creature fled under the familiar roof, and moaning
crept into his stall, where, bleeding and suppliant-
like, he filled all the house vdth his plaints. First
Silvia the sister, beating her arms with her hands,
calls for help and summons the hardy country-folk.
They — for the fell fiend lurks in the silent woods —
> 37
VIRGIL
improvisi adsunt^ hie torre armatus obusto^
stipitis hie gravidi nodis ; quod euique repertum
rimanti, telum ira faeit. vocat agmina Tyrrhus, fmr
quadrifidam quercum cuneis ut forte eoaetis
seindebat^ rapta spirans immane securi. mr
At saeva e speculis tempus dea nacta noeendi 511
ardua tecta petit stabuli et de. eulmine summo
pastorale canit signum eornuque reeurvo
Tartarean! intendit voceni, qua protinus omne
contremuit nemus et silvae insonuere profundae ; 515
audiit et Triviae longe lacus, audiit amnis
sulpurea Nar albus aqua fontesque Velini,
et trepidae matres pressere ad pectora natos.
turn vero ad vocem celeres, qua bucina signum
dira dedit^ raptis concurrunt undique telis 520
indomiti agricolae^ nee non et Troia pubes
Ascanio auxilium castris elFundit apertis.
derexere acies. non iam certamine agresti,
stipitibus duris agitur sudibusve praeustis^
'sed ferro ancipiti decernunt atraque late 525
horrescit strictis seges ensibus aeraque fulgent
sole lacessita et lucem sub nubila iactant :
fluctus uti primo coepit cum albescere vento,
paulatim sese tollit mare et altius undas
erigit^ inde imo consurgit ad aethera fundo. 530
hie iuvenis primam ante aciem stridente sagitta^
natorum Tyrrhi fuerat qui maximus^ Almo^
stemitur ; haesit enim sub gutture volnus et udae
vocis iter tenuemque inclusit sanguine vitam.
**** scindebant M\ **^ nancta JR.
"* incendit Al^RK "8 direxere liy,
"« ponto MB. I
38 '^
s
AENEID BOOK VII
came unlooked for, armed one with seared brand,
one with heavy-knotted stick ; what each can find
in his quest, wrath makes a weapon. Tyrrhus sum-
mons his bands, snatching up an axe and breathing
savage rage, — for then by chance he was cleaving
an oak in four with inward driven wedges.
^^^ But the cruel goddess, esp)dng from her watch-
tower the moment of mischief, seeks the steep
farm-roof, and from the topmost ridge sounds the
shepherds' call, and on the twisted horn strains
her hellish voice, whereat forthwith every grove
trembled, and the woods echoed to their depths.
It was heard by Trivia's lake afar^^ heard by Nar
with his white sulphurous water, and by the springs
of Velinus ; and startled mothers clasped their
children to their breasts. Then indeed, hurrying
to the sound, wherewith the dread clarion gave
the signal, the wild husbandmen snatch up their
weapons and gather from all sides ; no less the
Trojan youth pour through the camp's open gates
their succour for Ascanius. The lines are ranged :
not now do they contend in rustic quarrel with
heavy clubs or seared stakes, but with two-edged
steel they try the issue ; far and wide bristles a
dark harvest of drawn swords, while brass shines at
the challenge of Ihe sun and flings its light to the
clouds : as when a billow begins to whiten under
the wind's first breath, little by little the sea swells
and lifts its waves higher, till at last it rises to
heaven from its lowest depths. Here in the front
rank, young Almo, who had been eldest of Tjrrrhus'
sons, is laid low; for the wound was fixed beneath
his throat, choking with blood the path of liquid
^ The famous and beautiful Lago di Nemi, beside which
was a gi'ove of Diana.
> 39
VIRGIL
corpora multa virum circa seniorque Galaesus^ 535
dum paci medium se ofFert, iustissimus unus
qui fuit Ausoniisque olim ditissimus arvis :
quinque greges illi balantum^ quina redibant
armenta^ et terram centum vertebat aratris.
Atque ea per campos aequo dum Marte geruntur,
promissi dea facta potens^ ubi sanguine bellum 541
imbuit et primae commisit funera pugnae^
deserit Hesperiam et caeli conversa per auras
lunonem victrix adfatur voce superba :
'^ en, perfecta tibi bello discordia tristi ! 54f5
die, in amicitiam coeant et foedera iungant,
quandoquidem Ausonio respersi sanguine Teucros.
hoc etiam his addam, tua si mihi certa voluntas :
finitimas in bella feram rumoribus urbes,
accendamque animos insani Martis amore, 550
undique ut auxilio veniant ; spargam arma per agros."
tum contra luno : ^' terrorum et fraudis abunde est.
stant belli causae, pugnatur comminus armis,
quae fors prima dedit, sanguis novus imbuit arma.
talia coniugia et talis celebrent hymenaeos 555
egregium Veneris genus et rex ipse Latinus.
te super aetherias errare licentius auras
haud pater ille velit, summi regnator Olympi.
cede locis. ego, si qua super fortuna laborum est,
ipsa regam.*' talis dederat Saturnia voces : 560
ilia autem attollit stridentis anguibus alas,
Cocytique petit sedem, supera ardua linquens.
est locus Italiae medio sub montibus altis,
nobilis et fama multis memoratus in oris,
**• conversa M^: convex* APJRy, DonatuSf Servius,
^®^ super MR,
40 4
AENEID BOOK VII
speech and the slender breath. Around him lie
many dead^ and among them old Galaesus^ slain as
be throws himself between to plead for peace — he
who was of all men most righteous and erstwhile
wealthiest in Ausonia's fields ; for him five flocks
bleated^ five herds came back from pasture^ and a
hundred ploughs upturned the soil.
^® While thus o'er the plains they fight with
doubtful issue^ the goddess^ her promise fulfilled^
when once she has stained with blood and opened
with death the first encounter, quits Hesperia, and
turning away through the air of heaven, addresses
Juno in haughty tones of triumph : " Lo, at thy
will, discord is ripened into gloomy war. Bid them
unite in friendship and join alliance, seeing that I
have sprinkled the Teucrians with Ausonian blood.
Moreover, this will I add, if I am assured of thy
wish : with rumours I will draw bordering towns to
battle, and will kindle their minds with lust of
maddening war, that from all sides they may come
to aid ; I will sow the land with arms." Then Juno,
in answer : ^' Enough of alarms and treachery ;
sure are the causes of war ; man with man they fight
in arms, and the arms that chance first brought,
fresh blood now stains. Such be the alliance, such
the bridal they solemnize — ^this peerless son of
Venus, and this great king Latinus! That thou
shouldst roam too freely in the upper air, the
mighty sire, sovereign of high Olympus, would not
suffer. Give place ; whatsoever may yet chance in
the struggle, that I myself will sway." So spake
Saturn's daughter ; but the other raises her serpent-
hissing pinions, and leaving the heights above, seeks
her home in Coc)rtus. There is a place in the heart
of Italy, beneath high hills, renowned and famed in
41
VIRGIL
Ampsancti valles ; densis hunc frondibus atrum 565
urget utrimque latus nemoris^ medioque fragosus
dat sonitum saxis et torto vertice torrens. j
hie specus horrendum et saevi spiracula Ditis
monstrantur, ruptoque ingens Acheronte vorago
pestiferas aperit fauces, quis condit Erinys 570
invisum numen, terras eaelumque levabat.
Nee minus interea extremam Saturnia hello
imponit regina manum. ruit omnis in urhem
pastorum ex acie numerus caesosque reportant
Almonem puerum, foedatique ora Galaesi, 575
implorantque deos ohtestanturque Latinum.
Turnus adest medioque in erimine caedis et igni
terrorem iiigeminat : Teucros in regna vocari,
stirpem admiseeri Phrygiam, se limine pelli.
tum, quorum attonitae Baceho nemora avia matres 580
insultant thiasis (neque enim leve nomen Amatae)
undique eollecti eoeunt Martemque fatigant.
ilicet infandum cuncti eontra omina helium,
contra fata deum, perverso numine poseunt.
certatim regis eircumstant tecta Latini : 585
ille velut pelagi rupes immota resistit, mrv
ut pelagi rupes magno veniente fragore,
quae sese, multis eireum latrantihus undis,
mole tenet ; scopuli nequiquam et spumea eireum
saxa fremunt laterique inlisa refunditur alga. 590
verum ubi nulla datur caecum exsuperare potestas
consilium, et saevae nutu lunonis eunt res,
multa deos aurasque pater testatus inanis : [fmrv
"frangimur heu! fatis," inquit, "ferimurque procella.
*®^ ampsancti y: Ampsacti J/; Amfracti li: amsancti 6,
Serviiis.
'''° condit My, known to Sermiia; condita i?, commonly read.
*'i levavit E. "» et omitted M^V.
*•* consilio J/*. *'* testatur MRy.
42 ^
AENEID BOOK VII
many lands^ the Vale of Ampsanctus. On either
hand a forest's fringe^ dark with dense leafage^ hems
it in^ and in the centre a roaring torrent resounds
o*er the rocks in swirling eddies. Here is shown
an awful cavern ^ and a hreathing-place of horrid
Dis ; and a vast gorge, whence Acheron bursts forth,
opens its pestilential jaws. Herein the Fury hid
her loathed power, relieving earth and heaven.
^"^2 No less meanwhile does Saturn's royal daughter
put a final hand to the war. From the battle-field
there pours into the city the whole company of
shepherds, bearing back the slain — the boy Almo,
and Galaesus with mangled face — calling on the
gods and adjuring Latin us. Turnus is there, and
amid the outcry at the slaughter, and fire of passion,
redoubles terror : " Teucrians are called to reign ; a
Phrygian stock mingles its taint ; I am spurned from
the door ! " Then they, whose mothers, frenzied by
Bacchus, tread the pathless woods in dancing bands
(for of no light weight is Amata's name) draw
together from every side, and importune the War-
god. Straightway, one and all, despite the omens,
despite the oracles of gods, with will perverse,
clamour for unholy war. With emulous zeal they
swarm round Latinus' palace. He, like an unmoved
ocean-clifF, resists ; like an ocean-cliff, which, when
a great crash comes, stands steadfast in its bulk
amid many howling waves ; in vain the crags and
foaming rocks roar about, and the sea-weed, dashed
upon its sides, is whirled back. But when no power
is given hiin to quell their blind resolve, and all goes
as cruel Juno wills, then with many an appeal to
the gods and the voiceless skies, ^^ Alas ! " cries the
father, ^'we are shattered by fate, and swept away
by the storm ! Ye yourselves, my wretched children,
43
VIRGIL
ipsi has sacrilego pendetis sanguine poenas^ 595
o miseri. te^ Tume^ nefas^ te triste manebit
supplicium votisque deos venerabere seris.
nam mihi parta quies^ omnisque in limine portus ;
fnnere felici spolior." nee plura locutus
saepsit se tectis rerumque reliquit habenas. 600
Mos erat Hesperio in Latio, quern protinus urbes
Albanae coluere sacrum^ nunc maxima rerum
Roma colit^ cum prima movent in proelia Martem^
sive Getis inferre manu lacrimabile bellum
Hyrcanisve Arabisve parant^ seu tendere ad Indos 605
Auroramque sequi Parthosque reposcere signa :
sunt geminae Belli portae (sic nomine dicunt)^
religione sacrae et saevi formidine Martis ;
centum aerei claudunt vectes aeternaque ferri
robora^ nee custos absistit limine lanus. 6lO
haSj ubi certa sedet patribus sententia pugnae^
ipse Quirinali trabea cinctuque Gabino fmr
insignis reserat stridentia limina consul^
ipse vocat pugnas ; sequitur tum cetera pubes
aereaque adsensu conspirant cornua rauco. 6l5
hoc et tum Aeneadis indicere bella Latinus
more iubebatur tristisque recludere portas.
abstinuit tactu pater aversusque refugit
foeda ministeria, et caecis se condidit umbris.
606 Hyrcaniisque F^. *"• deposcere i?.
«" haec MK «" Sabino F,
®^* tunc M. •** adversus y.
^ A much debated passage. The rendering given follows
Servius, securitaa omnia in promptu est. Others explain thus :
* ' for to me rest is won, and it is when wholly on the threshold
of life's haven that I am robbed of a happy death " (Page).
44
AENEID BOOK VII
with your impious blood shall pay the price of this !
Thee Tumus^ thee the guilt and its bitter punish-
ment shall await^ and too late with vows shalt thou
adore the gods. For me^ mj rest is won^ and my
haven is full at hand ; 'tis but of a happy death I
am despoiled.^ ** And saying no more he shut him-
self in the palace^ and let drop the reins of rule.
^^ A custom there was in Hesperian Latium,
which thenceforth the Alban cities held holy^ as
now does Rome^ mistress of the worlds what time
they first rouse the war-god to battle^ be it Getae
or Arabs or Hyrcanians against whom their hands
prepare to carry tearful war^ or to march on India's
sons^ and pursue the Dawn^ and reclaim their stand-
ards from the Parthian : — there are twin gates ' of
War (so men call them), hallowed by religious awe
and the terrors of fierce Mars : a hundred brazen
bolts close them, and the eternal strength of iron,
and Janus their guardian never quits the threshold.
Here, when the sentence of the Fathers is firmly
fixed on war, the Consul, arrayed in Quirinal robe ^
and Gabine cincture, with his own hand unbars the
grating portals, with his own lips calls forth war;
then the rest of the warriors take up the cry, and
brazen horns blare out their hoarse accord. With
such custom then, too, Latinus was bidden to pro-
claim war on the sons of Aeneas, and to unclose the
grim gates. But the father withheld his hand,
shrank back from the hateful office, and buried him-
* Used of the East generally.
* The Temple of Janus was opened in time of war, and
closed in peace.
* c/. 1. 187 above, with note. The "Gabine cincture"
refers to a special way of- wearing the toga, one part of
which was folded round the waist, leaving the arm free.
45
VIRGIL
turn regina deum caelo delapsa morantis 6^20
impulit ipsa manu portas, et cardine verso
Belli ferratos rumpit Saturnia postis.
ardet inexcita Ausonia atque immobilis ante ;
pars pedes ire parat campis, pars arduus altis
pulverulentus equis furit ; omnes arma requirunt. 625
pars levis clipeos et spicula lucida tergent
arvina pingui subiguntque in cote securis ;
signaque ferre iuvat sonitusque audire tubarum.
quinque adeo magnae positis incudibus urbes
tela novant, Atina potens Tiburque superbum, 630
Ardea Crustumerique et turrigerae Antemnae.
tegmina tuta cavant capitum fleetuntque salignas
umbonum cratis ; alii thoracas aenos
aut levis ocreas lento ducunt argento ;
vomeris hue et faleis honos, hue omnis aratri 635
cessit amor ; recoquunt patrios fornacibus ensis.
classica iamque sonant ; it bello tessera signum.
hie galeam tectis trepidus rapit^ ille frementis
ad iuga cogit equos, clipeumque auroque trilicem
loricam induitur fidoque aceingitur ense. 640
Pandite nunc Helicona, deae, cantusque movete,
qui bello exciti reges, quae quemque secutae
complerint campos acies, quibus Itala iam turn
floruerit terra alma viris, quibus arserit armis : [fmpr
et meministis enim, divae, et memorare potestis ;
ad nos vix tenuis famae perlabitur aura. 646
Primus init bellum Tyrrhenis asper ab oris mpr
contemptor divum Mezentius agminaque armat.
«22 rupit FR. «28 iuvant E : iubet M.
^^^ rapidus M^, trementis FAP^Ey\
**^ monete P^y^, known to Serviua.
46
AENEID BOOK VII
self in blind darkness. Then the queen of the gods^
gliding from the skj^ with her own hand dashed in
the l^enng doors, and on their turning hinges
Saturn's daughter burst open the iron-bound gates
of war. All ablaze is Ausonia, erstwhile sluggish
and unmoved. Some make ready to march o'er the
plains afoot, some, on high steeds mounted, storm
amid clouds of dust : aU cry out for arms. Some
with rich fat burnish shields smooth and javelins
bright, and whet axes on the stone ; they joy to
bear the standards, and hear the trumpet call. Nay,
five mighty cities set up anvils and forge new
weapons — strong Atina and proud Tibur, Ardea and
Crustumeri and turreted Antemnae. They hollow
helms to guard the head, and weave the wicker-
frame of shields ; others beat out breastplates of
bronze, or polished greaves from pliant silver. To
this is come all pride in share and sickle, all passion
for the plough ; they retemper in the furnace their
fathers' swords. And now the clarion sounds; the
password goes forth, the sign for war. One in wild
haste snatches a helm from his home ; another
couples his snorting steeds to the yoke, dons his
shield and coat of mail, triple-linked with gold, and
girds on his trusty sword.
•*^ Now fling wide Helicon, ye goddesses, and wake
your song — ^what kings were roused to war, what
hosts, in the train of each, filled the plains, with
what manhood even then kindly Italy bloomed, with
what arms she was aglow ; for ye, divine ones,
remember, and can recount ; to us scarcely is wafted
some scant breath of fame.
^^ First, from Tuscan coasts, fierce Mezentius,
scomer of the gods, enters the war and arms his
47
VIRGIL
filius huic iuxta Lausus^ quo pulchrior alter
non fuit, excepto Laurentis corpore Tumi, 650
Lausus, equum domitor debellatorque ferarum,
ducit Agyllina nequiquam ex urbe secutos
mille viros^ dignus patriis qui laetior esset
imperiis et cui pater baud Mezentius esset.
Post hos insignem pal ma per gramina eurrum 655
vietoresque ostentat equos satus Hercule pulchro
pulcher Aventinus, clipeoque insigne patemum
centum anguis cinctamque gerit serpentibus Hydram ;
eollis Aventini silva quern Rbea sacerdos
ftirtivum partu sub luminis edidit oras, 660
mixta dec mulier, postquam Laurentia victor
Geryone exstincto Tirynthius attigit arva, *
Tyrrhenoque boves in flumine lavit Hiberas.
pila manu saevosque gerunt in bella dolones, mprv
et tereti pugnant mucrone veruque Sabello. 665
ipse pedes, tegimen torquens immane leonis,
terribili impexum saeta, cum dentibus albis
indutus capiti, sic regia tecta subibat,
horridus Herculeoque umeros innexus amictu.
Tum gemini fratres Tiburtia moenia linquunt, 670
fratris Tiburti die tarn cognomine gentem,
Catillusque acerque Coras, Argiva iuventus,
et primam ante aciem densa inter tela feruntur :
ceu duo nubigenae cum vertice montis ab alto
descendunt Centauri, Homolen Othrymque nivalem
linquentes cursu rapido ; dat euntibus ingens 676
silva locum et magno cedunt virgulta fragore.
Nee Praenestinae fundator defuit urbis.
Volcano genitum pecora inter agrestia regem
•*• hunc iP. *** Medientius P.
•** paltnam R. ••• innixua PjR.
•'^ de nomine P. •'* discendunt M. nivali V.
•'• liquentes i2.
•'' et ivritten above in P. caedunt M, •'* deficit JR,
48
AENEID BOOK VII
array. At his side^ goodliest of form save Laurentine
Tomus^ is his son Lausus^ — Lausus^ tamer of steeds
and vanquisher of beasts. From Agylla's town he
leads a thousand men^ that followed him in vain;^
one worthy to be happier in a father s rule^ and to
have other than Mezentius for sire !
®^ Next to these, Aventinus, beauteous son of
beauteous Hercules, displays on the sward his palm-
crowned chariot and victorious steeds, and on his
shield bears his Other's device — a hundred snakes
and the Hydra, girt with serpents. Him, in the
wood of the Aventine hill, Rhea the priestess brought
in secret birth up into the borders of light — a woman
mated with a god— when the Tirynthian victor,
having slain Geryon, reached the Laurentian fields
and bathed his Iberian kine in the Tuscan stream.^
In their hands the men carry to battle javelins and
grim pikes, and fight with the tapering sword and
Sabellian dart. Himself, he went on foot, swinging
a huge lion's skin, unkempt with terrifying mane, its
white teeth crowning his head ; in such guise he
entered the royal halls, shaggy-rough, his shoulders
enveloped in the garb of Hercules.
^^ Next twin brethren leave the walls of Tibur,
and the folk called from the name of their brother
Tiburtus — Catillus and brave Coras, Argive youths.
On they come in the front ranks amid the thronging
spears, as when two cloud-born Centaurs descend
from a mountain's high peak, leaving Homole or
snowy Othrys in swift course; the mighty forest
pelds place as they go, and the thickets give way
with loud crash.
^® Nor was the founder of Praeneste's city absent,
— Caeculus, the king who, as every age has believed,
^ Becaase they could not save him from his fate.
« The Tiber.
49
VOL. II. E
VIRGIL
inventumque focis omnis quern credidit aetas^ 680
Caeculus. hunc legio late comitatur agrestis^
quique altum Praeneste viri quique arva Gabinae
lunonis gelidumque Anienem et roscida rivis
Hernica saxa colunt^ quos dives Aiiagnia pascit^
quos^ Amasene pater, non illis omnibus arma^ 685
nee clipei currusve sonant ; pars maxima glandes
liventis plumbi spargit^ pars spicula gestat
bina manu^ fulvosque lupi de pelle galeros
tegmen habent capiti ; vestigia nuda sinistri
instituere pedis, crudus tegit altera pero. mpr
At Messapus, equum domitor, Neptunia proles, 69^
quem neque fas igni cuiquam nee sternere ferro,
iam pridem resides populos desuetaque bello
agmina in arma vocat subito ferrumque retractat.
hi Fescenninas aeies Aequosque Faliscos, 695 j
hi Soractis habent arces Flaviniaque arva '
et Cimini cum monte laeum lueosque Capenos.
ibant aequati numero regemque canebant :
ceu quondam nivei liquida inter nubila cycni,
cum sese e pastu referunt et longa canoros 700
dant per coUa modos ; sonat amnis et Asia longe
pulsa palus.
nee quisquam aeratas acies ex agmine tanto
misceri putet, aeriam sed gurgite ab alto
urgeri volucrum raucarum ad litora nubem. 705 i
Ecce Sabinorum prisco de sanguine magnum
agmen agens Clausus magnique ipse agminis instar.
««^ late legio M. ««• currusque J!.
•" tegmina Py\ capitis MK •»« pedes if ».
«»« Flaminia P*. •»» flumina PyK
50
AENEID BOOK VII
was bom to Vulcan among the rural herds, and
found upon the hearth. Him, in loose array, a rustic
legion attends : they who dwell in steep Praeneste,
and the fields of Gabine Juno, by the cold Anio
and the Hemican rocks with their dewy streams ;
they whom rich Anagnia nurtures, and thou, father
Amasenus. Not all of these have armour, or shields,
or sounding chariots. The most part shower bullets
of livid lead ; part wield in the hand two darts, and
have for head-gear tawny caps of wolf-skin. Bare is
the left foot as they plant their steps ; a boot of raw-
hide shields the other.
®®^ But Messapus, tamer of horses, the seed of
Neptune, whom none may lay low with fire or steel,
suddenly calls to arms tribes long inert and bands
unused to war, and again grasps the sword. These
hold the ranks of Fescennium and of Aequi Falisci ;
these Soracte's heights and Flavinian fields, Ciminus'
lake and hill aud the groves of Capena. In measured
time they marched and sang their king : as ofttimes
snowy swans amid the moist clouds, when they
return from feeding, and from their long throats
utter their tuneful strains ; afar the river echoes,
and the smitten Asian mead.^ Nor would one think
that mail-clad ranks were massed in that vast array,
but that high in air, a cloud of hoarse-voiced birds
was pressing shoreward from the deep gulf.
7<^® Lo ! Clausus,* of the ancient Sabine blood, lead-
ing a mighty host, and equal to a mighty host himself ;
^ Referring to the valley of the Cayster in Lydia.
* cf, Livy, II. 16, where we learn that the Claudian tribe
was founded bvAttus Clausus, who seceded from the Sabines
in 606 B.C. and was received as a citizen in Koine. Virgil,
however, refers the founding of the Claudian gens to, the
earlier day when Koniulus formed a treaty with the Sabines
under T. Tatins.
51
E 2
VIRGIL
Claudia nunc a quo diffunditur et tribus et gens
per Latium^ postquam in partem data Roma Sabinis. .
una ingens Amitema cohors priscique Quirites, 710 *
Ereti manus omnis oliviferaeque Mutuscae,
qui Nomentum urbem, qui Rosea rura Velini,
qui Tetricae horrentis rupes montemque Severum
Casperiamque colunt Forulosque et flumen Himellae,
qui Tiberim Fabarimque bibunt, quos frigida raisit 715
Nursia et Ortinae classes populique Latini^
quosque secans infaustum interluit Allia nomen :
quam multi Libyco volvuntur marmore ductus,
saevus ubi Orion hibernis conditur undis,
vel cum sole novo densae torrentur aristae 720
aut Hermi campo aut Lyciae flaventibus arvis.
scuta sonant pulsuque pedum conterrita tellus.
Hinc Agamemnonius, Troiani nominis hostis,
curru iungit Halaesus equos Turnoque ferocis
mille rapit populos, vertunt felicia Baccho 725
Massica qui rastris, et quos de collibus altis
Aurunci misere patres Sidicinaque iuxta
aequora, quique Cales linquunt, amnisque vadosi
accola Volturni, pariterque Saticulus asper
Oscorumque manus. teretes sunt aclydes illis 730
tela, sed haec lento mos est aptare flagello ;
laevas cetra tegit, falcati comminus enses.
Nee tu carminibus nostris indictus abibis,
Oebale, quem generasse Telon Sebethide nympha
fertur, Teleboum Capreas cum regna teneret, 735
iam senior ; patriis sed non et filius arvis
">* e quo M^. ingens M, '^* Rosa M : Roscia P^.
'" aranera Py^. 'i* Fabarura P^R. "* cursu M.
'2« veniunb R. '2? j,enea M^. "« arrais R,
52
AENEID BOOK VII
from whom now is spread through Latium the Claudian
tribe and clan^ since Rome was shared with the
Sabines. With him came Amitemum's vast cohort,
and the ancient Quirites,^ the whole band of Eretum
and olive-bearing Mutusca ; they who dwell in
Nomentum's city and the Rosean country by Velinus,
on Tetrica's rugged crags and Mount Severn s, in
Casperia and Foruli, and by Himella's stream ; they
who drink of Tiber and Fabaris, they whom cold
Nursia sent, the Ortine squadrons, the Latin peoples,
and they whom Allia, ill-boding name, severs with its
flood ; as many as the waves that roll on the Libyan
main, when fierce Orion sinks in the wintry waves ;
or thick as the corn-ears that are scorched by the
early sun in the plain of Hermus or the yellow fields
of Lycia. The bucklers clang, and the earth trembles
under the tramping feet.
728 ^ext, Agamenmon's son, foe of the Trojan name,
Halaesus, yokes his steeds to the car, and in Tumus*
cause sweeps along a thousand warlike tribes, men
who turn with mattocks the wine-rich Massic lands ;
whom Auruncan sires sent from their high hills, and
the Sidicine plains hard by ; those who leave Cales,
and the dweller by Volturnus* shallow river, and by
their side the rough Saticulan and the Oscan bands.
Shapely javelins are their weapons, but these it is
their wont to fit with a pliant thong. A targe
shields their left side ; for close combat are their
curved swords.
7^ Nor shalt thou, Oebalus, pass unhonoured in our
songs — ^thou whom, 'tis said, the nymph Sebelhis bare
to Telon, when he reigned o'er Teleboan Capreae,
now stricken in years ; but, not content with his
^ The inhabitants of Cures.
53
VIRGIL
contentus late iam turn dicione tenebat
Sarrastis populos et quae rigat aequora Samus^
quique Rufras Batulumque tenent atque arva
Celemnae,
et quos maliferae despectant moenia Abellae^ 740
Teutonico ritu soliti torquere cateias ;
tegmina quis capitum raptus de subere cortex^
aerataeque micant peltae^ micat aereus ensis.
Et te montosae misere in proelia Nersae,
Ufens, insignem fama et felicibus armis ; 745
horrida praecipue cui gens adsuetaque multo
venatu nemorum, duns Aequicula glaebis.
armati terram exercent semperque recentis
convectare iuvat praedas et vivere rapto.
Quin et Marruvia venit de gente sacerdos^ 750
fironde super galeam et felici comptus oliva^
Archippi regis missu^ fortissimus Umbro,
vipereo generi et graviter spirantibus hydris
spargere qui somnos cantuque manuque solebat^
mulcebatque iras et morsus arte levabat. 755
sed non Dardaniae medicari cuspidis ictum
evaluit neque eum iuvere in volnere cantus
somniferi et Marsis quaesitae montibus herbae.
te nemus Angitiae^ vitrea te Fueinus unda^
te liquidi flevere lacus. 760
Ibat «t Hippolyti proles pulcherrima bello,
Virbius^ insignem quern mater Aricia misit^
eductum Egeriae lucis umentia circum
''' premebat II. ''* qua li.
'*° Bellae MSS,, JServitiKj who hoioevtr mtniioiia the readiny
7" feras P. '" in] ad M^. '" in montibus i/*.
54
AENEID BOOK VII
ancestral fields^ his son even then held in his sway
far and wide the Sarrastian tribes, and the plains
watered by Sarnus^ those who dwell in Bufrae and
Batulum and Celemna's fields^ and those on whom
look down the battlements of Abella, rich in apples.
In Teuton fashion these were wont to hurl their
darts ;^ their head-gear was bark stripped from the
cork-tree ; bronze flashes on their shields^ flashes with
bronze their sword.
7** Thee, too, Ufens, mountainous Nersae sent
forth to battle, of noble fame and success in arms —
whose clan, on the rough Aequian clods^ was rugged
above all others, and hiured to hard hunting in the
woods. In arms they till the earth, and *tis ever
their joy to bear away fresh booty, and to live on
plunder.
750 Yea, and from the Marruvian race, sent by
King Archippus, there came a priest, his helm
decked with leaves of the fruitful olive, most
valiant Umbro, who with charm and touch was wont
to shed slumber on the viperous brood and water-
snakes of baneful breath, soothing their wrath and
curing their bites by his skill. ^ Yet he availed not
to heal the stroke of the Dardan spear-point, nor
against wounds did slumbrous charms aid him, or
herbs culled on Marsian hills. Thee Angitia's
grove wept, thee Fucinus* glassy wave, thee the
limpid lakes !
^®i Likewise went to war Hippolytus* son, Virbius,
most fair, whom his mother Aricia sent forth in his
glory. In Egeria's groves was he reared round the
^ The caleia is ao uuknowu weapon, probably a dart,
similar to one used by the wild German tribes^
^ The Marsians were skilled in magic and incantations.
55
VIRGIL
litora^ pinguis ubi et placabilis ara Dianae.
namque ferunt fama Hippolytum^ postquam arte
novercae 765
Occident patriasque explerit sanguine poenas
turbatis distractus equis^ ad sidera rursus
aetheria et superas caeli venisse sub auras^
Paeoniis revocatum berbis et amore Dianae.
turn pater omnipotens^ aliquem indignatus ab umbris
mortalem infemis ad lumina surgere vitae^ 771
ipse repertorem medicinae talis et artis
fulmine Phoebigenam Stygias detrusit ad undas.
at Trivia Hippolytum secretis alma recondit
sedibus et nymphae Egeriae nemorique relegat, 775
solus ubi in silvis Italis ignobilis aevum
exigeret versoque ubi nomine Virbius esset.
unde etiam templo Triviae lucisque sacratis
comipedes arcentur equi^ quod litore currum
et iuvenem monstris pavidi effudere marinis. . 780
filius ardentis baud setius aequore campi
exercebat equos curruque in bella ruebat.
Ipse inter primos praestanti corpore Tumus
vertitur arma tenens et toto vertice supra est.
cui triplici crinita iuba galea alta Chimaeram 785
sustinet^ Aetnaeos efflantem faucibus ignis ;
tam magis ilia fremens et tristibus efFera flammis
quam magis effuso crudescunt sanguine pugnae.
at levem clipeum sublatis cornibus lo
auro insignibat^ iam saetis obsita^ iam bos, 790
(argumentum ingens), et custos virginis Argus
'•» PaeonlB M\
"» Poenigenam MR, ad] in y\ uiidis Ph
"« ibr M. 'w insignitam R. j
AENEID BOOK VII
marshy shores^ where stands Diana's altar^ rich and
gracious. For they tell how that Hippolytus^ when
he fell by his stepdame's crafb^ and slaked a sire's
vengeance in bloody torn asunder by frightened
steeds — came again to the starry firmament and
heaven's upper air, recalled by the Healer's herbs
and Diana's love. Then the Father omnipotent,
wroth that any mortal should rise from the nether
shades to the light of life, himself with his thunder
hurled down to the Stygian waters the finder of
such healing-craft, the Phoebus-born.^ But Trivia,
kindly goddess, hides Hippolytus in a secret dwell-
ing, and sends him away to the nymph Egeria and
her grove, that there alone, amid Italian woods, he
might live out his inglorious days, and take the
altered name of Virbius. Hence, too, hoofed horses
are kept far from Trivia's temple and hallowed
groves, for that they, affrighted by ocean-monsters,
strewed chariot and youth along the shore. None
the less, his son was driving his fiery steeds on the
level plain, and speeding charioted to war.
^^ Himself too, amid the foremost, moves Turnus,
of wondrous frame, holding sword in hand, and by
a whole head o'ertopping all. His lofty helmet,
crested with triple plume, upbears a Chimaera,
breathing from her jaws Aetnean fires, lo ! raging
the more, and the madder with baleful flames, the
more blood is outpoured and the fiercer waxes the
fight. But, on his polished shield, lo with uplifted
horns was emblazoned in gold,^ — lo, wondrous device,
already o'ergrown with bristles, already a heifer, —
and Argus the maiden's warder, and father Inachus
^ Aesculapius, son of Apollo (the Healer).
* A figure of lo, wrought in gold, formed the device on the
^ron shield,
57
VIRGIL
caelataque amnem fundens pater Inachus uma.
insequitur nimbus peditum clipeataque totis
agmina densentur campis^ Argivaque pubes
Auruncaeque manus^ Rutuli veteresque Sicani 795
et Sacranae acies et picti scuta Labici ;
qui saltus^ Tiberine, tuos sacrumque Numici
litus arant Rutulosque exercent vomere collis
Circaeumque iugum, quis luppiter Anxurus arvis
praesidet et viridi gaudens Feronia luco ; 800
qua Saturae iacet atra palus gelidusque per imas
quaerit iter vallis atque in niare eonditur Ufens.
Hos super advenit Volsea de gente Camilla^
agmen agens equitum et florentis aere catervas^
bellatrix, non ilia colo calathisve Minervae 805
femineas adsueta manus^ sed proelia virgo
dura pati cursuque pedum praevertere ventos.
ilia vel intactae segetis per summa volaret
gramina nee teneras cursu laesisset aristas^
vel mare per medium fluctu suspensa tumenti 810
ferret iter celeris nee tingueret aequore plantas.
illam omnis tectis agrisque effusa iuventus
turbaque miratur matrum et prospectat euntem^
attonitis inhians animis^ ut regius ostro
velet honos levis umeros, ut fibula crinem 815
auro intemectat, Lyciam ut gerat ipsa pharetram
et pastoralem praefixa cuspide myrtum.
®^* inhians] haesere Py^y cf. 629.
58
\i
AENEID BOOK VII
pouring his stream from an embossed um.^ Behind
him comes a cloud of infantry^ and shielded columns
throng all the plain^ Argive manhood and Auruncan
bands, Rutuhans and old Sicanians, the Sacranian
lines and Labicians with painted bucklers ; they who
till thy glades, O Tiber, and Numicius* sacred shore,
whose ploughshare moves the Rutulian hills and
Circe's ridge*; o'er whose fields Jupiter of Anxur
reigns, and Feronia rejoicing in her greenwood ;
where lies Satura's black marsh, and cold Ufens
winds his way through the valley-depths and sinks
into the sea.
*®2 To crown the array conies Camilla, of Volsciaii
race, leading her troop of horse, and squadrons gay
with brass, — a warrior-maid, never having trained
her woman's hands to Minerva's distaff or basket of
wool, but hardy to bear the battle-brunt and in
speed of foot to outstrip the winds. She might
have flown o'er the topmost blades of unmown corn,
' nor in her course bruised the tender ears ; or sped
her way o'er mid sea, poised above the swelling
wave, nor dipped her swift feet in the -flood. All
the youth, streaming from house and field, and
thronging matrons marvel, and gaze at her as she
goes; agape with wonder how the glory of royal
purple drapes her smooth shoulders ; how the clasp
entwines her hair with gold; how her own hands
bear a Lycian quiver and the pastoral myrtle tipped
with steel.
' The river Inacfaus is represented by a figure of the river-
god, pouring water from on urn. ^ c/. 10 above.
59
LIBER VIII
Ut belli signum Laurenti Turnus ab arce mpr
extulit et rauco strepuerunt cornua cantu,
utque acris concussit equos utque impulit arma^
extemplo turbati animi^ simul omne tumultu
coniurat trepido Latium saevitque iuventus 5
effera. ductores primi Messapus et Ufens
contemptorque deum Mezentius undique cogunt
auxilia et latos vastant cultoribus agros.
mittitur et magni Venulus Diomedis ad urbem,
qui petat auxilium^ et Latio consistere Teucros, 10
adveetum Aenean elassi victosque Penatis
inferre et fatis regem se dicere posci
edoceat, multasque viro se adiungere gentis
Dardanio et late Latio increbrescere nomen. [mprv
quid struat his coeptis, quein, si Fortuna sequatur^
eventum pugnae cupiat^ manifestius ipsi l6
quam Turno regi aut regi apparere Latiilo.
Talia per Latium. quae Laomedontius heros
cuncta videns magno curarum fluctuat aestu
atque animum nunc hue celerem, nunc dividit illuc ^0
in partisque rapit varias perque omnia versat :
60
2 sonuerunt P^. ^** considere P'^y.
20-21 = IV. 286, 286.
BOOK VIII
Soon as Tumus raised up the flag of war from
Laurentum's citadel^ and the horns rang with their
hoarse notes> sopn as he roused his fiery steeds and
clashed his arms^ straightway men's hearts were
troubled ; all Latium at once is leagued in startled
uprisings and her sons rage madly. The chief cap-
tains^ Messapus and Ufens^ with Mezentius^ scomer
of the gods^ from all sides muster forces and strip
the wide fields of husbandmen. Venulus too is sent
to mighty Diomede's city^ to seek aid^ and announce
that Teucrians set foot in Latium ; that Aeneas is
come with his fleets bringing to them his vanquished
gods^ and proclaiming himself a king summoned by
Fate ; that many tribes are joining the Dardan hero
and his name spreads far and wide in Ldtium.
What end he compasses with these beginnings, what
outcome of the feud he craves, should Fortune attend
him, would be more clearly seen by Diomede's self
than by King Tumus or King Latinus.^
^® Thus it was throughout Latium. And the hero
of Laomedon's line, seeing it all, tosses on a mighty
sea of troubles ; and now hither, now thither he
swiftly throws his mind, casting it in diverse ways,
and turning it to every shift ;^ as when in brazen
^ Argyripa or Arpi, in Apulia.
' Knowing the Trojans as he did, Diomede could judge
best as to their plans 'and aspirations.
• c/ Am, IV. 285, 286. gj
VIRGIL
sicut aquae tremulujD labris ubi lumen aenis
sole repercussum aut radiantis imagine lunae
omnia pervolitat late loca iamque sub auras
erigitur summique ferit laquearia tecti. 25
Nox erat et terras animalia fessa per omnis
alituum pecudumque genus sopor altus habebat^
cum pater in ripa gelidique sub aetheris axe
Aeneas, tristi turbatus peetora bello,
procubuit seramque dedit per membra quietem. 30
huie deus ipse loci fluvio Tiberinus amoeno
populeas inter senior se attollere frondes
visus (eum tenuis glauco velabat amictu
carbasus et crinis umbrosa tegebat harundo),
tum sic adfari et curas his demere dictis : 35
" O sate gente deum, Troianam ex hostibus urbem
qui revehis nobis aetemaque Pergama servas,
exspectate solo Laurenti arvisque Latinis,
hie tibi eerta domus, certi (ne absiste) Penates ; ^
neu belli terrere minis ; tumor omnis et irae mpr
eoncessere deum. 41
iamque tibi, ne vana putes haee fingere somnura>
litoreis ingens inventa sub ilieibus sus
triginta capitum fetus enixa iacebit,
alba, solo recubans, albi eircum ubera nati. 45
[hie locus urbis erit, requies ea certa laborum.]
ex quo ter denis urbem redeuntibus annis
Ascanius clari condet cognominis Albam.
haud incerta cano. nunc qua ratione quod instat
expedias victor, paucis, adverte, docebo. 50
Arcades his oris, genus a PaUante profectum,
qui regem Euandrum comites, qui signa secuti,
delegere locum et posuere in montibus urbem
^^ pectore M\ "-*• = iii. 390-393.
•• omitted by MPy^a^^ not noticed by Servius.
®° expediam M^I^y\
62
AENEID BOOK VIII
« *■
bowls a flickering light from water, flung back by the
son or the moon's glittering form, flits far and wide
o'er all things, and now mounts high and smites the
fretted ceiling of the roof aloft.
^ It was night, and over all lands deep sleep held
wearied creatures, birds and beasts alike, when father
Aeneas, his heart troubled by woeful war, stretched
him on the bank under the sky's chill cope, and let
late sleep steal over his limbs. Before him the very
god of the place, Tiberinus of the pleasant stream,
seemed to raise his aged head amid the poplar leaves ;
thin lawn draped him in mantle of grey, and shady
reeds crowned his hair. Then thus he spake to him,
and with these words took away his cares :
^ " O seed of a race divine, thou who from foemen's
hands bringest back to us our Trojan city,^ and
preservest her towers for ever, thou long looked for
on Laurentine ground and Latin fields, here thy
home is sure — draw not back — and sure are thy gods !
Nor be scared by threats of war; all the swelling
wrath of Heaven has abated. Even now, lest thou
deem these words the idle feigning of sleep, thou shalt
find a huge sow lying under the oaks on the shore,
just delivered of a litter of thirty young, the mother
reclining on the ground white — white, too, the young
about her teats. By this token in thirty revolving
years shall Ascanius found a city, Alba of glorious
name. Not doubtful is my prophecy. Now on what
wise thou mayest make thy triumphant way through
this present ill, in few words — pay thou heed — I will
explain. On these coasts Arcadians, a race sprung
from Pallas, who were the company of*King Evander
and followed his banner, have chosen a site and set
their city on the hills, from their forefather Pallas
^ Dardanus came from Italy. _
63
VIRGIL
Pallantis proavi de nomine Pallanteum.
hi bellum adsidue ducunt cum gente Latina ; 55
hos castris adhibe socios et foedera iunge.
ipse ego te ripis et recto flumine ducam^
adversum remis superes subvectus ut amnem.
surge age, nate dea, primisque cadentibus astris
lunoni fer rite preces iramque minasque 60
supplicibus supera votis. mihi victor honorem
persolves. ego sum, pleno quem flumine cernis
stringentem ripas et pinguia culta secantem,
caeruleus Thybris, caelo gratissimus amnis.
hie mihi magna domus, celsis caput urbibus exit.*' 6.5
' Dixit, deinde lacu fluvius se condidit alto,
ima petens ; nox Aenean somnusque reliquit.
surgit et aetherii spectans orientia solis
lumina rite cavis undam de flumine palmis
sustinet ac talis efFundit ad aethera voces : 70
^^ Nymphae, Laurentes Nymphae, genus amnibus
unde est, fmpr
tuque, o Thybri tuo genitor cum flumine sancto,
accipite Aenean et tandem arcete periclis.
quo te cumque lacus miserantem incommoda nostra
fonte tenet, quocumque solo pulcherrimus exis, 75
semper honore meo, semper celebrabere donis,
comiger Hesperidum fluvius regnator aquarum.
adsis o tantum et propius tua numina firmes."
sic memorat, geminasque legit de classe biremis
remigioque aptat, socios simul instruit armis. 80
^® foedere Fy, known to Servius,
®* pinguia] singula M"^. •^ magna] certa Py\
«' relinquit B. ""* tenent FR.
'® proprius P^, hnown to Serviuft.
64 a
AENEID BOOK VllI
called Pallanteum. These wage war ceaselessly with
the Latin race ; these do thou take to thy camp as
allies^ and join with them in league. I myself will
guide thee along the banks straight up the stream^
that so^ impelled by thy oars^ thou may est overcome
the opposing current. Up^ arise^ goddess-bom^ and^ as
the stiu*s first set^ duly offer prayers to Juno^ and with
suppliant vows vanquish her wrath and her threats.
To me thou shalt pay thy tribute when victorious.
I am he whom thou seest laving my banks with full
flood and cleaving the rich tilths — the blue Tiber,
river best beloved of Heaven. Here is my stately
home ; from lofty cities flows my fountain-head.^ "
^ So spake the River, then plunged into his deep
pool, seeking the lowest parts; night and sleep left
Aeneas. He arises, and gazing on the eastern beams
of the celestial sun, in due form uplifts water from
the stream in his hollow palms, and pours forth to
Heaven this prayer : " Ye N3anphs, .Laurentine
Nymphs, from whom rivers have their being, and
thou, O father Tiber, thou and thy hallowed stream —
receive Aeneas, and at last shield him from perils.
In whatsoever springs thy pools contain thee, who
pitiest our travails, from whatsoever soil thou flowest
forth in all thy beauty, ever with my offerings, ever
with my gifts, shalt thou be graced, thou horned
stream, lord of Hesperian waters. Only be thou
with me, and more surely confirm thy will ! " So he
speaks, and choosing two galleys from his fleet mans
them with crews, and withal equips his comrades
with arms.
^ The Tiber rises in Etruria. This verse, of doubtful
meaning, is rendered thus by some: '* Here rises my great
home, the head of mighty oities," the '*home" being either
the river-god's palace under the water, or the city of Home.
65
VOL. II. V
VIRGIL
Ecce autem subitum atque oculis mirabile
monstrum^
Candida per silvam cum fetu concolor albo
procubuit viridique in litore conspicitur sus.
quam pius Aeneas tibi enim^ tibi^ maxima luno^
mactat sacra ferens et cum grege sistit ad aram. 85
Thybris ea fluvium^ quam longa est^ nocte tumentem
leniit et tacita refluens ita substitit unda^
mitis ut in morem stagni placidaeque paludis
sterneret aequor aquis^ remo ut luctamen abesset.
ergo iter inceptum celerant rumore secundo. 90
labitur uncta vadis abies ; mirantur et undae^
miratur nemus insuetum fulgentia longe
scuta virum fluvio pictasque innare carinas. fmprv
olli remigio noctemque diemque fatigant
et longos superant flexus, variisque teguntur 95
arboribus viridisque secant placido aequore silvas.
sol medium caeli conscenderat igneus orbem^
cum muros arcemque procul ac rara domorum
tecta vident^ quae nunc Romana potentia caelo mprv
aequavit^ tum res inopes Euandrus habebat. 100
ocius advertunt proras urbique propinquant.
Forte die sollemnem illo rex Areas honorem
Amphitryoniadae magno divisque ferebat
ante urbem in luco. Pallas huic filius una^
una omnes iuvenum primi pauperque senatus 105
tura dabant^ tepidusque cruor fumabat ad aras.
ut celsas videre rates atque inter opacum
*^ peragunt B, Macrohius, Buinoue M\ known to Servius.
•■ mirantur Fy\
66
AENEID BOOK VIII
®^ But lo ! a portent^ sudden and wondrous to see !
Gleaming white amid the wood^ of one colour with
her milk-white broody lay outstretched on the green
bank before their eyes — a sow : her good Aeneas
offers in sacrifice to thee^ even thee, most mighty
Juno^ and sets with her young before thine altar.
All that night long Tiber calmed his swelling floods
and flowing back with silent wave stood so still that
like a gentle pool or quiet mere he smoothed his
watery plain^ that the oars might know no struggle.
Therefore with cheering cries they speed the voyage
begun : over the waters glides the well-pitched pine ;
in wonder the waves, in wonder the unwonted woods
view the far gleaming shields of warriors and the
painted hulls floating on the stream. They with
their rowing give night and day no rest, pass the
long bends, are shaded with diverse trees, and cleave
the green woods on the peaceful water. ^ The fiery
sun had scaled the mid arch of heaven, when afar
they see walls and a citadel, and scattered house-
roofs, which to-day Rome's empire has exalted to
heaven, but then Evander ruled, a scant domain.
Quickly they turn the prows to land, and draw near
the town.
^^2 It chanced that on that day the Arcadian king
paid wonted homage to Amphitryon's mighty son '^
and the gods in a grove before the city. With him his
son Pallas, with him all the foremost of his people
and his humble senate were offering incense, and
the warm blood smoked at the altars. Soon as
they saw the high ships, saw them gliding up
* Or "in the peaceful waters," if Servius is right in sup-
posing that Virgil refers to the reflected woods.
* Hercules. Virgil doubtless has in mind the rites con-
nected with the Ara Maxima in the Forum Boarium.
67
F 2
VIRGIL
adlabi nemus et tacitis incumbere remis,
terrentur visu subito cunctique relictis
consurgunt mensis. audax quos rumpere Pallas 1 1 0
sacra vetat raptoque volat telo obvius ipse^
et procul e tumulo : " iuvenes^ quae causa subegit
ignotas temptare vias ? quo tenditiSr'^ ** inquit.
'' qui genus ? unde domo ? pacemne hue fertis an
arma?"
turn pater Aeneas puppi sic fatur ab alta 115
paciferaeque manu raraum praetendit olivae :
^* Troiugenas ac tela vides inimica Latinis^
quos illi bello profugos egere superbo. .
Euandruni petimus. ferte haec et dicite lectos mpr
Dardaniae venisse duces^ socia arma rogantis.*' 120
obstipuit tanto percussus nomine Pallas :
" egredere o quicumque es," ait, " coramque parentem j
adloquere ac nostris succede penatibus hospes ; *' |
excepitque manu dextramque amplexus inhaesit.
progress! subeunt luco fiuviumque reHnquunt. 125
Turn regem Aeneas dictis adfatur amicis :
'* optunie Graiugenum, cui me Fortuna precari
et vitta comptos voluit praetendere ramos>
non equidem extimui> Danaum quod ductor et Areas
quodque a stirpe fores geminis coniuuctus Atridis ; 1 30
sed mea me virtus et sancta oracula divum,
cognatique patres, tua terris didita farna,
coniunxere tibi et fatis egere volentem.
Dardanus, Iliacae primus pater urbis et auctor,
Electra, ut Grai perhibent, Atlantide cretus^ 135
advehitur Teucros ; Electram maximus Atlas
!•« taciUs 7M, SerWiw : tikcitos MPRyHtc^.
^ fatua Ry^. "» ac] et Jf», iToaiM.
68
AENEID BOOK VIII
between the shady woods and plying noiseless oars^
they are affrighted by the sudden sights and all rise
up, quitting the feast. But Pallas, undaunted, for-
bids them to break off the rites, and seizing his
spear, flies himself to meet the strangers, and ^m
a mound afar cries : ^^ Warriors, what cause has
driven you to try unknown paths? Whither fare
ye ? Of what race are ye ? From what home ? Is
it peace or war ye bring hither?" Then father
Aeneas speaks thus from the high stem, outstretch-
ing in his hand a branch of peaceful olive : " Men
bom of Troy thou seest, and arms hostile to
Latins — men whom they have driven to flight by
insolent warfare. We seek Evander : bear ye this
message, and say that chosen captains of Dardania
are come, .suing for alUance in arms." Smitten with
amaze was Pallas at that mighty name. ^^Come
forth," he cries, "whoe'er thou art; speak to my
father face to face, and pass, a guest, beneath our
roof! " And with a grasp of welcome he caught
and clung to his hand. Advancing, they enter the
grove and leave the river.
i« Then with friendly words Aeneas addresses the
king: '^Noblest of the sons of Greece, to whom
Fortune has willed that I make my prayer, and
offer boughs decked with fillets, I feared not because
thou wert a Danaan chief, an Arcadian and linked
by blood with the twin sons of Atreus ; but my own
worth and Heaven's holy oracles, our ancestral kin-
ship, and thy fame spread through the world, have
bound me to thee, and brought me Fate's willing
follower. Dardanus, first father and founder of
Ilium's city, bom (as Greeks relate) of Atlantean
Electra, came to the Teucrians ; Electra was begotten
69
VIRGIL
edidit^ aetherios umero qui sustinet orbis.
vobis Mercurius pater est^ quern Candida Mala
Cyllenae gelido conceptum vertiee fudit ;
at Maiam^ auditis si quiequam eredimus^ Atlas^ 140
idem Atlas generat, caeli qui sidera tollit.
sic genus amborum scindit se sanguine ab uno.
his fret us non legates neque prima per artem
temptamenta tui pepigi ; me, me ipse meumque
obieci caput et supplex ad limina veni. 145
gens eadem, quae te, crudeli Daunia bello
insequitur ; nos si pellant, nihil afore credunt,
quin omnem Hesperiam penitus sua sub iuga mittant,
et mare, quod supra, teneant, quodque adluit infra,
accipe daque fidem. sunt nobis fortia bello 150
pectora, sunt animi et rebus spectata inventus.'*
Dixerat Aeneas, ille os oculosque loquentis
iamdudum et totum lustrabat lumine corpus,
tum sic pauca refert : " ut te, fortissime Teucrum,
accipio agnoscoque libens ! ut verba parentis 155
et vocem Anchisae magni voltumque recordor !
nam memini Hesionae visentem regna sororis
Laomedontiaden Priamum, Salamina petentem,
protinus Arcadiae gelidos invisere finis,
tum mihi prima genas vestibat flore iuventas, 160
mirabarque duces Teucros, mirabar et ipsum
Laomedontiaden, sed cunctis altior ibat
Anchises. mihi mens iuvenali ardebat amore
compellare virum et dextrae conhmgere dextram ;
accessi et cupidus Phenei sub moenia duxi. l65
ille mihi insignem pharetram Lyciasque sagittas
discedens chlamydemque auro dedit intertextam,
frenaque bina, mens quae nunc hs^bet aurea Pallas,
"» fundit P\ "0 creditis PyK
1*' afore P*, Servius : adfore M^P*: atfore IIP: fore A.
^•' intertexto P^iZ, known to Strvius.
70
AENEID BOOK VIII
of mightiest Atlas, who on his shoulders sustains the
heavenly spheres. Your sire is Mercury^ whom fair
Maia conceived and bore on CjUene's cold peak ; but
Maia, if we have any trust in tales we have heard, is
child of Atlas, the same Atlas who uplifts the starry
heavens ; so the lineage of the twain branches from
one blood. Relying on this, no embassy did I plan,
no crafty overtures to thee ; myself I have brought,
— ^myself and my own life — and am come a suppliant
to thy doors. The same Daunian race pursues us,
as thee, in cruel war ; if they drive us forth, they
deem that naught will stay them from laying all
Hesperia utterly beneath their yoke, and from hold-
ing the seas that wash her above and below. ^ Take
and return friendship ; we have hearts valiant in
war, high souls and manhood tried in action."
^^ Aeneas ceased. As he spake, Evander had
long scanned his face, and eyes, and all his form ;
then thus briefly replies : *^ Bravest of the Teucrians,
how gladly do I receive and recognize thee ! How I
recall thy father s words, and the voice and features
of great Anchises ! For I remember how Priam,
Laomedon's son, when on his way to Salamis he
came to see the realm of his sister Hesione, passed
on to visit Arcadia's cold borders. In those days
eiu*ly youth clothed my cheeks with bloom, and I
wondered at the chiefs of Troy, wondered at their
prince, Laomedon's son; but towering above all
moved Anchises. My heart burned with youthful
ardour to accost him and clasp hand in hand; I
drew near, and led him eagerly to Pheneus' city.
Departing, he gave me a glorious quiver with Lycian
shafts, a scarf inwoven with gold, and a pair of
golden bits that now my Pallas possesses, lliere-
^ The Adriatic and ToBoan seas.
7J
VIRGIL
ergo et quam petitis^ iuncta est mihi foedere dextra^
et^ lux cum primum terns se crastina reddet^ 170
auxilio laetos dimittam opibusque iuvabo.
interea sacra haec^ quando hue venistis amici^
annua^ quae difFerre nefas^ celebrate faventes
nobiscum et iam nunc sociorum adsuescite mensis. "
Haec ubi dicta, dapes iubet et sublata reponi 175
pocula gramineoque viros locat ipse sedili
praecipuumque toro et villosi pelle leonis
accipit Aenean solioque invitat acemo.
turn lecti iuvenes certatim araeque sacerdos
viscera tosta ferunt taurorum^ onerantque canistris 1 80
dona laboratae Cereris^ Bacchumque ministrant.
vescitur Aeneas simul et Troiana iuventus
perpetui tergo bovis et lustralibus extis.
Postquam exempta fames et amor compressus ^
edendi^
rex Euandrus ait : ^^non haec sollemnia nobis, 185
has ex more dapes, hanc tanti numinis aram
vana superstitio veterumque ignara deorum
imposuit : saevis, hospes Troiane, periclis
servati facimus meritosque novamus honores.
iam primum saxis suspensam hanc aspice rupem, 190
disiectae procul ut moles desertaque montis
Stat domus et scopuli ingentem traxere ruinam.
hie spelunca fuit, vasto summota recessu,
semihominis Gael facies quam dira tenebat,
solis inaccessam radiis; semperque recent! 195
caede tepebat humus, foribusque adfixa superbis
ora virum tristi pendebant pallida tabo.
72
i»« canistri E. "® pridem B.
"1 deiectae M, "* tegebat M^PHy.
AENEID BOOK VIII
fore^ the hand ye seek lo ! I join with you in league^
and when first to-morrow's dawn revisits earth, I
will send you hence cheered by an escort, and will
aid you with our stores. Meanwhile, since ye are
come hither as friends, this yearly festival, which
we may not defer, graciously solemnize with us,
and even now become familiar with your comrades'
board."
^^^ This said, he orders the repast and cups,
already removed, to be replaced, and with his own
hand ranges the guests on the grassy seat, and chief
in honour he welcomes Aeneas to the cushion of a
shaggy lion's hide, and invites him to a maple
throne. Then chosen youths, and the priest of the
altar, in emulous haste bring roast flesh of bulls, pile
on baskets the gifts of Ceres, fashioned well, and
serve the wine of Bacchus. Aeneas and, with him,
the warriors of Troy feast on the long chine of an
ox and the sacrificial meat.
^^ When hunger was banished and the desire of
food stayed. King Evander spoke : " These solemn
rites, this wonted feast, this altar of a mighty
Presence, — 'tis no idle superstition, knowing not the
gods of old, that has laid them on us. As saved
from cruel perils, O Trojan guest, do we pay the
rites, and repeat the worship due. Now first look at
this rocky overhanging cliff, how the masses are
scattered afar, how the mountain-dwelling stands
desolate, and the crags have toppled down in mighty
ruin ! Here was once a cave, receding to unfathomed
depth, never visited by the sun's rays, where dwelt
the awful shape of half-human Cacus ; and ever the
grdund reeked with fresh blood, and, nailed to its
proud doors, faces of men hung pallid in ghastly
78
VIRGIL
monstio Vidcanus eiat pater : iUias atros
ore Tomcns ignis magna se mole ferebat
attolit et nobis aliqnando optantibiis aetas SOO
aiudliinn adventamque deL nam maximns altor,
tergemini nece Geiyonae spoliisqae saperbos,
Alcides aderat tanrosqne hac victor agebat^
ingentis^ Tallemqae boves amnemqae tenebant.
at fariis Caci mens effera^ ne quid inausam 205
aut intractatum scelerisve dolive fuisset^
quattuor a stabulis praestanti corpore tauros
avertit^ totidem forma superaute iuvencas.
atque hw, ne qua forent pedibus vestigia rectis^
Cauda in gpeluncam tractos versisque viarum 210
indiciis raptos saxo occultabat opaco.
quaerenti nulla ad speluncam signa ferebant.
intereai cum lam stabulis saturata moveret
AmphitryoniftdcN armenta abitumque pararet^
discesRU mugire boves atque omne querellis 215
impleri nemus et colles cfamore relinqui.
reddidit utm bourn vocem vastoque sub antro
mugiit et Caci spem oustodila fefellit.
hie vero Alcidae furiis exarserat atro
felle dolor : rapit arma manu nodisque gravatum 220
robur, et a^rii cursu petit ardua montis.
turn primum noatri Cacum videre timentem
turbatumque oculis : fugit ilicet ocior Euro
speluncamque petit ; pedibus timor addidit alas.
Ut sese inclusit ruptisque immane catenis 225
deiecit saxum^ ferro quod et arte patema
pendebat^ fultosque emuniit obice postis^
ecce furens animis aderat Tirynthius omnemque
*•■ Geryoni R : Geryonis MK
w« furiB M, «•• intempUtum M\
«i» quaerentes H. •** parabat M^,
■*• relinquit F. •■* et aerii] aetheiii J/*.
*•• oculi 8ome minor MSS., hwwn to Servius : ooulos yK
74
AENEID BOOK VIII
decay. This monster's sire was Vulcan; his were
the black fires he belched forth, as he moved in
mightf balk. For us^ too, time at last brought to
our desire a god's advent and aid. For there came
the mightest of avengers, even Alcides, glorjing in
the slaughter and spoils of triple Geryon, and this
waj drove his huge bulls in triumph, and his oxen
filled vale and riverside. But Cacus, his wits wild
with frenzy, that naught of crime or craft might
prove to be left undared or unessayed, drove from
their stalls four bulls of surpassing form, and as many
heifers of peerless beauty. And these, that there
might be no tracks pointing forward, he dragged by
the tail into his cavern, and, with the signs of their
course thus turned backwards, he hid them in the
rocky darkness: whoso sought them could find no
marks leading to the cave. Meanwhile, when Amphi-
tryon's son was now moving the well-fed herds from
their stalls, and making ready to set out, the oxen at
parting lowed ; all the grove they fill with their
plaint, and with clamour quit the hills. One heifer
returned the cry, lowed from the drear cavern's
depths, and from her prison baffled the hopes of Cacus.
Hereupon the wrath of Alcides furiously blazed forth
with black gall ; seizing in hand his weapons and
heavily knotted club, he seeks with speed the crest
of the soaring mount. Then first our folk saw Cacus
afraid and with trouble in his eyes ; in a twinkling he
flees swifter than the East wind and seeks his cavern ;
fear lends wings to his feet.
^^ Soon as he shut himself in, and, bursting the
chains, dropped the giant rock suspended in iron by
his father's craft, which with its barrier blocked the
firm-stayed entrance, lo ! the Tirynthian came in a
75
VIRGIL
accessum lustrans hue ora ferebat et illuc^
dentibus infrendens. ter totum fervidus ira S30
lustrat Aventini montem^ ter saxea temptat
limina nequiquam^ ter fessus valle resedit.
stabat acuta silex^ praecisis undique saxis
speluncae dorso insurgens^ altissima visu^
dfrarum nidis domus opportuna volucrum« 235
hanc^ ut prona iugo laevum incumbebat ad amnem^
dexter in adversum nitens eoneussit et imis
avolsam solvit radicibus ; inde repente
impulit^ impulsu quo maximus intonat aether^
dissultant ripae refluitque exterritus amnis. 240
at specus et Caci detecta apparuit ingens
regia et umbrosae penitus patuere eavemae,
non secus ac si qua penitus vi terra dehiseens
infemas reseret sedes et regna recludat
pallida^ dis invisa^ superque immane barathrum 245
cernatur^ trepident immisso lumine Manes,
ergo insperata deprensum luce repente
inclusumque cavo saxo atque insueta rudehtem
desuper Alcides telis premit, omniaque arma
advocat et ramis vastisque molaribus instat. 250
ille autem^ neque enim fuga iam super ulla pericli^
faueibus ingentem fumum, mirabile dictu/^
e vomit involvitque domum caligine caeca^
prospectum eripiens oculis, glomeratque sub antro
fumiferam noetem commixtis igne tenebris. 255
non tulit Alcideis animis^ seque ipse per igneni
praecipiti iecit saltu^ qua plurimus undam
fumus agit nebulaque ingens specus aestuat atra.
hie Cacum in tenebris incendia vana vomentem
«»8 advolsam MK *•• insonat B.
a** reserit M^: reserat APPR.
2*« trepidantque B. "' in luoe A/'A
«5i pencli est Py, *•' inieoit Py.
76
-"■~°"~
AENEID BOOK VIII
frenzy of wrath^ and^ scanning every approach^
turned his face this way and that^ gnashing his teeth.
Thrice, hot with rage, he traverses the whole Aven-
tine Mount; thrice he essays the stony portals in
vain; thrice he sinks down wearied in the valley.
There stood a pointed rock of flint, cut sheer away
all around, rising above the cavern's ridge, and
exceeding high to view, fit home for the nestlings of
foul birds. This, as it leaned sloping with its ridge
to the river on the left, he shook, straining against
it from the right, and, wrenching it from its lowest
roots, tore it loose ; then of a sudden thrust it forth :
with that thrust the mighty heaven thunders, the
banks leap apart, and the afirighted river recoils.
But the den of Cacus and his^ huge palace stood
revealed, and, deep below, the darkling cave lay
open : even as though beneath some force, the earth,
gaping open deep below, should unlock the infernal
abodes and disclose the pallid realms abhorred of the
gods, and from above the vast abyss be descried, and
the ghosts tremble at the inrushing light. On him,
then, caught of a sudden by unlooked for day, pent
in the hollow rock and bellowing uncouth roars,
Alcides hurls missiles from above, calling all weapons
to his aid, and rains upon him boughs and giant mill-
stones. He, the while, for now no other escape from
peril was left, belches from his throat dense smoke,
wondrous to tell ! and veils the dwelling in blinding
gloom, blotting all view from the eyes, and rolling up
in the cave's depth smoke-laden night, its blackness
mingled with flame. In his fury Alcides brooked
not this : headlong he dashed through the flame,
where the smoke rolls its wave thickest, and through
the mighty cave the mist surges black. Here as
Cacus in the darkness vomits vain flres, he seizes him
77
VIRGIL
corripit in nodum complexue^ et angit inhaerens 260
elisos oculos et siccum sanguine gattur.
panditur extemplo foribus domus atra revolsis
abstractaeque boves abiurataeque rapiiiae
caelo ostenduntur^ pedibusque informe cadaver
protrahitur. nequeuut expleri corda tuendo 265
terribilis oculos^ voltum villosaque saetis
pectora semiferi atque exstinctos faucibus ignis.
ex illo celebratus hohos laetique minores
servavere diem^ primusque Potitius auctor
et domus Hereulei custos Pinaria sacri. 270
banc aram luco statuit^ quae Maxima semper
dicetur nobis et erit quae maxima semper.
quare agite^ o iuvenes^ tantarum in munere laudum
cingite fronde comas et pocula porgite dextris
communemque vocate deum et date vina volentes. * ' ^
dixerat^ Herculea bicolor cum populuis umbra 276
velavitque comas foliisque innexa pependit^
et sacer implevit dextram scyphus. ocius omnes t
in mensam laeti libant divosque precantur. .
Devexo interea propior fit Vesper Olympo, 280
iamque sacerdotes primusque Potitius ibaht^
pellibus in morem cincti^ flammasque ferebant.
instaurant epulas et mensae grata secundae
dona ferunt cumulantque oneratis lancibus aras.
tum Salii ad cantus incensa altaria circum 285
populeis adsunt evincti tempora ramis^
hie iuvenum chorus^ ille senum^ qui carmine laudes
Herculeas et facta ferunt : ut prima: no vercae
monstra manu geminosque premens eliserit anguis^ m
**^ elidena known to Servius, *•• alta P*.
78
i«
AENEID BOOK VIII
in knot-like embrace^ and^ close entwined, throttles
him till the eyes burst forth and the throat is drained
of blood. Straightway the doors are torn off, and
the dark den laid bare ; the stolen oxen and forsworn
plunder are shown to heaven, and the shapeless
carcase is dragged forth by the feet. Men cannot sate
their hearts with gazing on the terrible eyes, the
face, and shaggy bristling chest of the brutish
creature, and the quenched fires of his throat. From
that time has this service been, solemnized, and
joyous posterity has kept the day — Potitius foremost,
founder of the rite, and the Pinarian house, custodian
of the worship of Hercules. He himself set in the
grove this altar, which shall ever by us be called
Mightiest, and mightiest shall it ever be. Come then,
warriors, and, in honour of deeds so glorious, wreath
your hair with leaves, and stretch forth the cup in
your hands ; call on our common god, and of good
will pour ye the wine." He ceased ; and thereon
the twy-coloured poplar veiled his hair with the shade
dear to Hercules, hanging down with festoon of leaves,
and the sacred goblet charged his hand. Speedily
all pour glad libation on the board, and offer prayer
to the gods.
2®o Meanwliile, evening draws nearer down heaven's
slope, and now the priests went forth, Potitius at
their head, girt with skins after their fashion, and
bearing torches. They renew the banquet and bring
the welcome offerings of a second repast, and heap
the altars with laden platters. Then the Salii come
to sing round the kindled altars, their brows bound
with poplar boughs — one band of youths, the other
of old men - and these in song extol the glories and
deeds of Hercules : how first he strangled in his
grip the twin serpents, the monsters of his step-
79
VIRGIL
ut bello egregias idem disiecerit urbes^ 290
Troiamque Oechaliamque^ ut duros mille labores
rege sub Eurystheo fatis lunonis iniquae
pertulerit. " tu nubigenas^ invicte, bimembris,
Hylaeumque Pholumque^ manu^ tu Cresia mactas
prodigia et vastum Nemea sub rape leonem. 295
te Stygii tremuere lacus^ te ianitor Orci
ossa super recubans antro semesa cruento ;
nee te ullae faeies, non terruit ipse Typhoeus
arduus anna tenens^ non te rationis egentem
Lemaeus turba capitum circumstetit anguis. 300
salve, vera lovis proles, deeus addite divis,
et nos et tua dexter adi pede sacra secundo."
talia carminibus celebrant ; super omnia Caci
speluncam adiciunt spirantemque ignibus ipsum.
consonatomne nemus strepitu coUesque resultant. 305
Exim se cuncti divinis rebus ad urbem
perfectis referunt. ibat rex obsitus aevo,
et comitem Aenean iuxta natumque tenebat
ingrediens varioque viam sermone levabat.
miratur facilisque oculos fert omnia circum 310
Aeneas, capiturque locis et singula laetus
exquiritque auditque virum monumenta priorum.
tum rex Euandrus, Romanae conditor arcis :
" haec nemora indigenae Fauni Nymphaeque tenebant
gensque virum truncis et duro robore natet, 315
quis neque mos neque cultus erat, nee iungere tauros
*"^ Oechaliam eduros if*.
••* Nemaea M : Neraea F^Ry : Nemeae P*, Serviiis.
«•« exin Ilb*c.
^ Juno, who in jealousy sent two snakes to kill Hercules
in his cradle, and to whose craftiness it was due that
Hercules had to serve Eurystheus for twelve years.
80
AENEID BOOK VIII
mother^; how likewise in war he dashed down
peerless cities^ Troy and Oechalia ; how under King
Eurystheus he bore a thousand grievous toils by the
doom of cruel Juno. " Thou, unconquered one, thou
with thy hand art slayer of the cloud born creatures of
double shape, Hylaeus and Pholus, the monsters of
Crete, and the huge lion beneath Nemea's rock.
Before thee the Stygian lakes trembled ; before thee,
the warder of Hell, as he lay on half-gnawn bones
in his bloody cave ; no shape daunted thee, no, not
Tjrphoeus' self, towering aloft in arms ; wit failed
thee not when Lema*s snake encompassed thee with
its swarm of heads. Hail, true seed of Jove, to the
gods an added glory ! graciously with favouring foot
visit us and thy rites ! *' Such are their hymns of
praise ; and they crown all with the tale of Cacus'
cavern, and the fire-breathing monster's self. All
the woodland rings with the clamour, and the hills
re-echo.
^^ Then, the sacred rites discharged, all return to
the city. There walked the king, beset with years,
and as he moved along kept Aeneas and his son at
his side as companions, relieving the way with
varied talk. Aeneas marvels as he turns his ready
eyes all around, is charmed with the scene, and joy-
fully seeks and learns, one by one, the records of the
men of yore. Then King Evander, founder of
Rome's citadel : " In these woodlands the native
Fauns and Nymphs once dwelt, and a race of men
sprung from trunks of trees and hardy oak,^ who
had no rule nor art of life, and knew not how to
^ ef. Homer, Odyssey, xix. 163, where Penelope Bays to the
diBguised Odysseus : *'Tell me of thine own stock, whence
thou art, for thou art not sprung of oak or rock, as told in
olden tales."
81
VOL. 11, G
VIRGIL
aut componere opes norant aqt parcere parto^
sed rami atque asper victu venatus alebat.
primus ab aetherio venit Saturnus Olympo^
arma lovis fugiens et regnis exsul ademptis. 320
is genus indocile ac dispersum montibus altis
composuit legesque dedit, Latiumque vocari
maluit^ his quoniam latuisset tutus in oris,
aurea quae perhibettt illo sub rege fuere
saecula : sic placida populos in pace regebat, 325
deterior donee paulatim ac decolor aetas
et belli rabies et amor successit hal)endi.
tum manus Ausonia et gentes venere Sicanae^
saepius et nomen posuit Saturnia tellus ;
tum reges asperque immani corpore Thybris, 330
a quo post Itali fluvium cognomine Thybrim
diximus ; amisit verum vetus Albula nomen.
me pulsum patria pelagique extrema sequentem
Fortuna omnipotens et ineluctabile fatum ^
his posuere locis, mat risque egere tremenda 335
Carmentis Nymphae monita et deiis auctor Apollo."
Vix ea dicta^ dehinc progressus monstrat et aram
et Carmentalem Romani nomine portani
quam memoraiit^ Nymphae priscum Carmentis
honorem^
vatis fatidicae^ oecinit quae prima futuros 340
Aeneadas magnos et nobile Pallanteum.
hinc lucum ingentem^ quern Romulus acer Asylum
rettulit^ et gelida monstrat sub rupe Lupercal^
Parrhasio dictum Panos de more Lycaei.
nee non et sacri monstrat nemus Argileti 345
•^' parto] rapto M\ "* aureaque PK fuenint Py.
•»* Romano M. •*! nomine Ji : nobine PyK
* Servius saya: Varro autem Latium dici putat, quod
latet Italia inter praecipitia Alpium et Apennini, Mommseu i
82 ^]
AENEID BOOK VIII
yoke the ox or to lay up stores^ or to husband their
gains ; but tree-branches nurtured them and the
huntsman's savage fare. First from heavenly Olym-
pus came Saturn^ fleeing from the weapons of Jove
and exiled from his lost realm. He gathered to-
gether the unruly race, scattered over mountain
heights, and gave them laws, and chose that the
land be called Latium^ since in these borders he had
found a safe hiding-place.^ Under his reign were
the golden ages men tell of : in such perfect peace he
ruled the nations ; till little by little there crept in a
race of worse sort and duller hue, the frenzy of war,
and the passion for gain. Then came the Ausonian
host and the Sicanian tribes, and ofttimes the land of
Saturn laid aside her name.* Then kings arose, and
fierce Thybris with giant bulk, from whose name we
of Italy have since called our river Tiber ; her true
name ancient Albula has lost. Myself, from fatherland
an outcast and seeking the ends of the sea, almighty
Fortune and inevitable Fate planted on this soil ; and
the dread warnings of my mother, the nymph Car-
mentis, and Apollo's divine warrant, drove me hither.'*
^7 Scarce had he finished, when, advancing, he
points out the altar and the Carmental Gate, as the
Romans call it, tribute of old to the Nymph Car-
mentis, soothtelling prophetess, who first foretold the
greatness of Aeneas' sons, and the glory of Pallan-
teum. Next he shows him a vast grove, where
valiant Romulus restored an Asylum, and, beneath a
chill rock, the Lupercal, bearing after Arcadian wont
the name of Lycaean Pan. He shows withal the
wood of holy Argiletum, and calls the place to
regards Latium as ''the plain,'* in contrast with *'the
mountains," and connected with irXari^s, *' broad," and latua,
"side." ' qf. Ausonia, Hesperia, Oenotria, Italia.
Q 2
VIRGIL
testaturque locum et letum docet hospitis Argi-
hinc ad Tarpeiam sedem et Capitolia ducit^
aurea nunc^ olim silvestribus horrida dumis.
iam turn religio pavidos terrebat agrestis
dira loci^ iam tum silvam saxumque tremebant 350
*'hoc nemus^ hunc/' inquilt^ "frondoso vertice coUem,
quis deus incertum est^ habitat deus ; Arcades ipsum
credunt se vidisse lovem, cum saepe nigrantem
aegida concuteret dextra nimbosque cieret.
haec duo praeterea disiectis oppida muris^ 355
reliquias veterumque vides monumenta virorum.
banc lanus pater^ banc Saturnus condidit arcem ;
laniculum huic^ illi fuerat Saturnia nomen/'
Talibus inter se dictis ad tecta subibant
pauperis Euandri^ passimque armenta videbant 360
Romanoque Foro et lautis mugire Carinis.
ut ventum ad sedes^ " haec/' inquit^ " limina victor
Alcides subiit^ haec ilium regia cepit.
aude^ hospes^ contemnere opes et te quoque dignum
iinge deo, rebusque veni noa asper egenis." S65
dixit et angusti subter fastigia tecti
ingentem Aenean duxit stratisque locavit
efFultum foliis et pelle Libjstidis ursae.
nox ruit et fuscis tellurem amplectitur alis.
At Venus baud animo nequiquam exterrita mater^
Laurentumque minis et duro mota tumultu^ 37 1
Volcanum adloquitur^ thalamoque haec coniugis aureo
incipit et dictis divinum adspirat amorem :
dum bello Argolici vastabant Pergama reges
. «*o tenebant MK »" arcem] urbem M^Ji.
«" latis i/i; cavemls B, »" deos P«.
^ The Argiletum probably gets its name from argtlla,
" white clay."
84.
s
<(
fl
AENEID BOOK VIII
witness^ and tells of the death of Argus his guest.^
Hence he leads him to the Tarpeian house^ and the
Capitol — golden now, once biistling with woodland
thickets. Even then the dread sanctity of the region
awed the trembling rustics ; even then they shud-
dered at the forest and the rock. ^^This grove,"
he cries, ^^ this hill with its leafy crown, — though we
know not what god it is — is yet a god's home : my
Arcadians believe they have looked on Jove himself,
while oft his right hand shook the darkening aegis
and summoned the storm-clouds. Moreover, in these
two towns, with walls overthrown, thou seest the
relics and memorials of men of old. This fort
father Janus built, that Saturn ; Janiculum was this
called, that Satumia." ^
*»'* So talking, each with each, they drew nigh the
house of the poor Evander, and saw cattle all about,
lowing in the Roman Forum and the brilliant Carinae.
When they reached his dwelling : " These portals,"
he cries, " victorious Alcides stooped to enter ; this
mansion welcomed him. Dare, my guest, to scorn
riches ; fashion thyself also to be worthy of deity,
and come not disdainful of our poverty." He said,
and beneath the roof of his lowly dwelling led great
Aeneas, and laid him on a couch of strewn leaves
and the skin of a Libyan bear. Night rushes down,
and clasps the earth with dusky wings.
3^^ But Venus, her mother's heart dismayed by no
idle fear, moved by the threats and stem uprising of
the Laurentes, addresses Vulcan, and in her golden
nuptial chamber thus begins, breathing into her
words divine love ; " While Argive kings were
" c/. Cato : Sattimia olim, ubi nunc CapHclium, The
fort of Janus was the Janiculum, on the right bank of the
Tiber.
85
VIRGIL
debita casurasque inimicis ignibus arces^ 375
non uUum auxilium miseris^ non arma rogavi
artis opisque tuae^ nee te^ carissime eoniunx^
ineassumve tuos volui exercere labores^
quamvis et Priami deberem plurima natis^
et durum Aeneae flevissem saepe laborem. 380
nune lovis imperils Rutulorum constitit oris :
ergo eadem supplex venio et sanctum mihi numen
arma rogo^ genetrix nato. te filia Nerei^
te potuit lacrimis Tithonia flectere coniunx.
aspice^ qui eoeant populi^ quae moenia elausis 385
ferrum acuant portis in me excidiumque meorum/'
Dixerat et niveis hinc atque hinc diva lacertis
cunctantem amplexu molli fovet. ille repente
accepit solitam flammam^ notusque medullas
intravit calor et labe facta per ossa cucurrit, 390
non secus atque olim^ tonitru cum rupta corusco
ignea rima micans percurrit lumine nimbos.
sensit laeta dolis et formae conscia coniunx.
turn pater aetemo fatur devinctus amore :
" quid causas petis ex alto ? fiducia cessit 395
quo tibi^ diva^ mei ? similis si cura fuisset^
turn quoque fas nobis Teucros armare fuisset ;
nee pater omnipotens Troiam nee fata vetabant
stare decemque alios Priamum superesse per annos.
et nunc^ si bellare paras atque haec tibi mens est^ 400
quidquid in arte mea possum promittere curae^
"• -ve] -que M.
**• nomen'7 ; numen (u vorititn in rasura) P.
3»« calefacta IL «»i non] haut M,
«" devictus FW.
86
AENEID BOOK VIII
ravaging Troy's doomed towers^ and her ramparts
fated to fall by hostile flames^ no aid for the sufferers
did I ask, no weapons of thine art and power ; no^
dearest consort^ I would not task thee or thy toils for
naughty heavy as was my debt to Priam's sons^ and
many the tears I shed for Aeneas' sore distress.
Now, by Jove's commands, he has set foot in the
Rutulian borders ; therefore, I, who ne'er asked
before, come a suppliant, and ask arms of the
deity I revere, a mother for her son. Thee the
daughter of Nereus, thee the spouse of Tithonus,
could sway with tears. ^ Lo ! what nations are
mustering, what cities with closed gates whet the
sword against me and the lives of my people ! "
^^ She ceased, and, as he falters, throws her
snowy arms round about him and fondles him in soft
embrace. At once he caught the wonted flame ; the
familiar warmth passed into his marrow and ran
through his melting frame : even as when at times,
bursting amid the thunder's peal, a sparkling streak
of fire courses through the storm-clouds with dazzling
light. His consort knew it, rejoicing in her wiles,
and conscious of her beauty. Then spoke her lord,
enchained by immortal love : " Why seekest so far
for pleas ? Whither, goddess, has fled thy faith in me ?
Had like care been thine, in those days too it had
been right for me to arm the Trojans ; nor was the
almighty Father nor Fate unwilling that Troy stand
or Priam live for ten years more. And now, if war
is thy purpose, and this is thy intent, whatever care
I can promise in my craft, whatever can be achieved
^ Thetis, the daughter of Nereus, asked Hephaestus
(Vulcan) to make armour for her son Achilles {Iliady xviii.
428 ff.). Aurora, wife of Tithonus, asked Vulcan to give
armour to her son Memnon {cf, 1. 489).
87
VIRGIL
quod fieri ferro liquidove potest electro,
quantum ignes animaeque valent, absiste precando
viribus indubitare tuis." ea verba loeutus
optatos dedit amplexus placidumque petivit 405
coniugis infusus gremio per membra soporem.
Inde ubi prima quies medio iam noctis abactae
currieulo expulerat somnum, cum femiha primum,
cui tolerare colavitam tenuique Minerva
impositum^ cinerem et sopitos suscitat ignis, 410
noctem addens operi, famulasque ad lumina longo
exercet penso, castum ut servare cubile
coniugis et possit parvos educere natos :
baud s^cus Ignipotens nee tempore segnior illo
mollibus e stratis opera ad fabrilia surgit. 415
Insula Sicanium iuxta latus Aeoliamque
erigitur Liparen, fumantibus ardua saxis,
quam subter specus et Cyclopum exesa caminis
antra Aetnaea tonant, validique incudibus ictus
auditi referunt gemitus, striduntque cavemis 420
stricturae Chalybum et fornacibus ignis anhelat,
Volcani domus et Volcania nomine tellus.
hoc tunc Ignipotens caelo descendit ab alto.
Ferrum exercebant vasto Cyclopes in antro,
Brontesque Steropesque et nudus membra Py-
racmon. 425
his informatum manibus iam parte polita
fulmen erat, toto genitor quae plurima caelo
deicit in terras, pars imperfecta manebat.
tris imbris torti radios, tris nubis aquosae
addiderant, rutili tris ignis et alitis Austri. 430
fulgores nunc terrificos sonitumque metumque
miscebant operi flammisque sequacibus iras.
**• inf usum P^R\ knoum to Seruius cbs the reading of Prohus,
*** exercens M. *'* gemitum J2,
"» hue P74, twm Py\
88
AENEID BOOK VIII
with iron or molten electnim^ whatever fire and air
may avail— cease with entreaty to mistrust thy
powers ! " Thus speaking, he gave the desired
embrace, and, sinking on the bosom of his spouse,
wooed calm slumber in every limb.
*^^ Then, so soon as repose had banished sleep, in
the mid career of now waning night, what time a
housewife, whose task it is to eke out life with her
distaff and Minerva's humble toil, awakes the
embers and slumbering fire, adding night to her day's
work, and keeps her handmaids toiling by lampHght
at the long task, that she may preserve chaste her
husband's bed, and rear her little sons : even so,
and not more slothful at that hour, the Lord of Fire
rises from his soft couch to the work of his smithy.
*^^ Hard by the Sicanian coast and Aeolian Lipare
rises an island, steep with smoking rocks. Beneath
it thunders a cave, and the vaults of Aetna, scooped
out by Cyclopean forges ; strong strokes are heard
echoing groans from the anvils, masses of Chalyb
steel hiss in the caverns, and the fire pants in the
furnace — ^the home of Vulcan and the land Vulcan's
by name. Hither in that hour the Lord of Fire
came down from high heaven.
*2* In the vast cave the Cyclopes were forging iron —
Brontes and Steropes and Pyracmon with bared limbs.
They had a thunderbolt, which their hands had
shaped, such as full many the Father hurls down from
all heaven upon earth, part already polished, while
part remained unfinished. Three rays of twisted
hail had they added to it, three of watery cloudy
three of ruddy flame and the winged southern wind ;
now they were blending with the work frightful
flashes, sound, and fear, and wra^h with pursuing
8ft
VIRGIL
parte klia Marti currumque rotasque volucris
instabant^ quibus ille viros^ quibus excitat urbes^
aegidaque horriferam^ turbatae Palladis arma^ 435
certatim squamis serpentum auroque polibant^
conexosque angliis ipsamque in pectore divae
Gorgona, desecto vertentem lumina collo.
"tollite cuncta/' inquit, "coeptosque auferte labores,
Aetnaei Cyclopes, et hue advertite mentem : 440
arma acri facienda viro. nunc viribus usus^
nunc manibus rapidis^ omni nunc arte magistra.
praecipitate moras." nee plura efFatus ; at illi
ocius incubuere omnes pariterque laborem
sortiti. fluit aes rivis aurique metallum 445
volnificusque chalybs vasta fornace liquescit.
ingentem clipeum informant, unum omnia contra
tela Latinorum, septenosque orbibus orbis
impediunt. alii ventosis follibus auras
accipiunt redduntque, alii stridentia tingunt 450
aera lacu. gemit impositis incudibus antrum.
illi inter sese multa vi bracchia tollunt
in numerum versantque tenaci forcipe massam.
Haec pater Aeoliis properat dum Lemnius oris,
Euandrum ex humili tecto lux suscitat alma 455
et matutini volucrum sub culmine cantus.
consurgit senior tunicaque inducitur artus
et Tyrrhena pedum circumdat vincula plantis ;
tum lateri atque umeris Tegeaeum subligat ensem,
demissa ab laeva pantherae terga retorquens. 460
nee non et gemini custodes limine ab alto
«»« deiecto R. *« at] et P\
1 c/. Oeorgica, iv. 171-176.
90
AENEID BOOK VIII
flames. Blsewhere thej were hurrying on for Mars a
chariot and flying wheels^ wherewith he stirs up men
and cities ; and eagerly with golden scales of serpents
were burnishing the awful aegis^ armour of wrathful
Pallas, the interwoven snakes^ aud the Gorgon's self
on the breast of the goddess, with neck severed and
eyes revolving. ^' Away with all ! " he cries ; " take
hence your tasks begun, Cyclopes of Aetna, and
hither turn your thoughts ! Arms for a brave warrior
must ye make. Now is need of strength, now of
swift bands, now of all your masterful skill. Fling
off delay ! " No more he said ; but they with speed
all bent to the toil, allotting the labour equally.
Brass and golden ore flow in streams, and wounding
steel is molten in the vast furnace. A giant shield
they shape, to confront alone all the weapons of the
Latins, and weld it sevenfold, circle on circle. Some
with panting bellows make the blasts come and go,
others dip the hissing brass in the lake, while the
cavern groans under the anvils laid upon it. They
with mighty force, now one, now another, raise their
arms in measured cadence, and turn the metal with
gripping tongs.^
*^* While on the Aeolian shores the lord of Lemnos
speeds on this work, the kindly light and the morn-
ing songs of birds beneath the eaves roused Evander
from his humble home. The old man rises, clothes
his limbs in a tunic, and wraps his feet in T3rrrhenian
sandals. Then to his side and shoulders he buckles
his Tegean sword, twisting back the panther's hide
that drooped from the left.^ Moreover, two guardian
' The hide is probably brought round to the right side, so
as not to be in the way of the sword-hilt, which is on the
l^t Others take it to mean <* flinging back (over the
shoulder) a hide, so that it hung down over the left."
91
VIRGIL
praecedunt gressumque canes comitantur erilem.
hospitis Aeneae sedem et secreta petebat
sermonum memor et promissi muneris heros :
nee minus Aeneas se matutinus agebat : 465
filius huic Pallas^ illi comes ibat Achates,
congress! iungunt dextras mediisque residunt
aedibus et licito tandem sermone fruuntur.
rex prior haec :
'^ Maxime Teucrorum ductor, quo sos^pite numquam
res equidem Troiae victas aut regna fatebor, 471
nobis ad belli auxilium pro nomine tanto
exiguae vires : hinc Tusco claudimur amni^
hinc Rutulus premit et murum circumsonat armis.
sed tibi ego ingentis populos opulentaque regnis 475
iungere castra paro^ quani fors inopina salutem
ostentat. fatis hue te poscentibus adfers.
baud procul hinc saxo incolitur fundata vetusto
urbis Agyllinae sedes, ubi Lydia quondam
gens, bello praeclara, iugis insedit Etruscis. 480
banc multos florentem annos rex deinde superbo
imperio et saevis tenuit Mezentius armis.
quid memorem infandas caedes, quid facta tjn'anni
effera ? di capiti ipsius generique reservent !
mortua quin etiam iungebat corpora vivis, 485
componens manibusque manus atque oribus ora,
tormenti genus, et sanie taboque fluentis
complexu in misero longa sic morte necabat.
at fessi tandem cives infanda furentem
armati ci]*cumsistunt ipsumque domumque, 490
*«* procedunt PK *" numine P*.
*'* circumtonat if*.
*7' adfer hnown to Servivs.
92
AENEID BOOK VIII
dogs go before from the loffcy threshold, and attend
their master's steps. To the lodging and seclusion of
* his guest, Aeneas, the herQ^jnade his way, mindful of
his words and the service promised. Nor less early
was Aeneas astir. With the one walked his son
Pallas ; with the other. Achates. As they meet, they
clasp hands, sit them down in the midst of the
mansion, and at last enjoy free converse. The king
thus begins:
470 ^^ Mightiest captain of the Teucrians, — ^for,
while thou livest, never will I own the power or
realm of Troy vanquished — our strength to aid in
war is scant for such a name.^ On this side we are
hemmed in by the Tuscan river ; on that the Rutulian
presses hard, and thunders in arms about our wall.
Yet I purpose to link with thee mighty peoples and a
camp rich in kingdoms,^ — the salvation that unfore-
seen chance reveals. Tis at the call of Fate thou
comest hither. Not far hence, builded of ancient
stone, lies the peopled city of Agylla, where of old
the war-famed Lydian race settled on the Etruscan
heights. For many years it prospered, till King
Mezentius ruled it with arrogant sway and cruel arms.
Why recount the despot's heinous murders ? Why
his savage deeds? God* keep the like for himself
and for his breed ! Nay, he would even link dead
bodies with the living, fitting hand to hand and face
to face (grim torture !) and, in the oozy slime and
poison of that dread embrace, thus slay them by a
lingering death. But at last, outworn, his citizens in
arms besiege the monstrous madman, himself and
^ It is Evander's name and fame that brought Aeneas
hither.
* A reference to the twelve states of Etruria governed by
their Lucumonea,
^ 9S
VIRGIL
obtruacant socios^ ignem ad fastigia iactant.
ille inter caedem Rutulorum elapsus in agros
confugere et Tumi defendier hospitis armis.
ergo omnis furiis surrexit Etruria iustis^
regem ad supplieium praesenti Marte reposeunt. 495
his ego te^ Aenea^ ductorem milibus addam.
toto namque fremunt condensae litore puppes^
signaque ferre iubent; retinet longaevus haruspex
fata canens : ^ o Maeoniae delecta iuveutus^
flos veterum virtusque virum, quos iustus in hostem
fert dolor et merita accendit Mezentius ira^ 50 1
nulli fas Italo tantam subiungere gentem :
extemos optate duces.' turn Etrusca resedit
hoc acies campo^ monitis exterrita divtim.
ipse oratores ad me regnique coronam ' 505
cum sceptro misit mandatque insignia Tarchon^
succedam castris Tyrrhenaque regna capessam.
sed mihi tarda gelu saeclisque effeta senectus
invidet imperium seraeque ad fortia vires.
natum exhortarer^ ni mixtus matre Sabella 510
hinc partem patriae traheret. tu^ cuius et annis
et generi fata indulgent^ quem numina posount^
ingredere, o Teucrum atque Italum fortissime ductor.
hunc tibi praeterea^ spes et solacia nostri^
Pallanta adiungam ; sub te tolerare magistro 515
militiam et grave Martis opus^ tua cernere facta
adsuescat^ primis et te miretur ab annis.
Arcadas huic equites bis centum^ robora pubis
lecta^ dabo^ totidemque suo tibi nomine Pallas."
Vix ea fatus erat^ defixique ora tenebant 520
Aeneas Anchisiades et fidus Achates
*»« caedes M^P, \
51" fatum P^Ey^, indulges F^: indulgeet jB.
if*-*" suo sibi P*7^." tuo sibi if*, nomine Jlfc, Servius:
munere PjRyb,
94 r\
AENEID BOOK VIII
his palace^ cut down his followers^ and hurl fire on
his roof. He^ amid the carnage^ flees for refuge to
Rutulian soU, and finds shelter among the weapons
of Tumus his friend. So all Etruria has risen in
righteous fury ; with instant war they demand the
king for punishment. Of these thousands^ Aeneas^ I
vnll make thee chief ; for their ships throng all the
shore clamouring^ and they bid the standards advance^
but 'the aged soothsayer restrains them with prophecy
of fate : ^ O chosen warriors of Maeonia^ flower and
chivalry of an olden race, — ^ye, whom just resentment
launches against the foe, and Mezentius inflames
with righteous wrath, no man of Italy may sway a
race so proud : choose ye stranger leaders ! ' At that
the Etruscan lines settled down on yonder plain,
awed by Heaven's warning; Tarchon himself has
sent me envoys with the royal crown and sceptre,
and offers the ensigns of power, bidding me join the
camp and mount the Tyrrhene throne. But the frost
of sluggish eld, outworn with years, and strength too
sere for deeds of valour, begrudge me the command.
My son would I urge thereto, were it not that, of
mingled blood by Sabine mother, he drew from her a
share in his fatherland. Thou, to whose years and
race Fate is kind, whom Heaven calls, take up thy
task, most valiant leader of Trojans and Italians both.
Nay more, I will join with thee Pallas here, our hope
and comfort ; under thy guidance let him learn to
endure warfare and the stem work of battle ; let him
behold thy deeds, and revere thee from his early years.
To him will I give two hundred Arcadian horse,
choice flower of our manhood, and in his own name
Pallas will give thee as many more."
620 Scarce had he ended; and Aeneas son of
Anchises and faithful Achates, holding their eyes
95
VIRGIL
multaque dura suo tristi cum corde putabant^
ni signum caelo Cytherea dedisset aperto.
namque improviso vibratus ab aethere fulgor
cum sonitu venit et ruere omnia visa repente 525
Tyrrhenusque tubae mugire per aethera clangor.
suspiciunt : iterum atque iterum fragpr increpat
ingens ;
arma inter nubem caeli in regione serena
per sudum rutilaire vident et pulsa tonare.
obstipuere animis alii^ sed Troius iieros 530
adgnovit sonitum et divae promissa parentis,
tum memorat^ ^^ne vero, hospes^ ne quaere profecto,
quem casum portenta f erant : ego poscor Oly mpo ;
hoc signum cecinit missuram diva creatrix^
si bellum ingrueret^ Volcaniaque arma per auras 535
laturam auxilio.
heu quantae miseris caedes Laurentibus instant !
quas poenas mihi^ Tume^ dabis ! quam multa sub
undas
scuta virum galeasque et fortia corpora volves,,
Thybri pater ! poscant acies et foedera rumpant." 540
Haec ubi dicta dedit^ solio se toUit ab alto
et primum Herculeis sopitas ignibus aras
excitat hestemumque Lareni parvosque Penatis
laetus adit ; mactant lectas de more bidentis
Euandrus pariter, pariter Troiana iuventus. 545
post hinc ad navis graditur sociosque revisit :
quorum de numero^ qui sese in bella sequantur^
praestantis virtute legit ; pars cetera prona
fertur aqua segnisque secundo defluit amni^
nuntia ventura Ascanio rerumque patrisque. 550
»>' intonat Serviua. »" in omitted iP. »*• aonare PEy^, .
96 ^^
AENEID BOOK VIII
downcast^ would long have mused on many a peril in
their own sad hearts^ had not Cythera's queen granted
a sign from the cloudless sky. For unforeseen^ comes
quivering from heaven a flash with thunder^ and all
seemed in a moment to reel^ while the Tynhenian
trumpet-blast pealed through the sky. They glance
up; again and yet again crashed the mighty roar.
In the serene expanse of heaven they see arms^ amid
the clouds^ gleaming red in the clear air^ and clash-
ing in thunder. The rest stood aghast ; but the
Trojan hero knew the sound and the promise of his
goddess mother. Then he cries : " Ask not, my
friend, ask not, I pray, what fortune the portents
bode ; 'tis I who am summoned of Heaven. This
sign the goddess who bore me foretold she would
send, if war was at hand, and to my succour would
bring through the air arms wrought by Vulcan. Alas,
what carnage awaits the hapless Laurentines ! What „ZK,
a price, Turnus, shalt thou pay me ! How many O
shields and helms and bodies of the brave, shalt . -x^ —
thou, O father Tiber, sweep beneath thy waves ! \^
Let them call for battle and break their covenants ! "
^^ These words said, he rose from his lofty throne,
and first quickens the slumbering altars with fire to
Hercules, and gladly draws nigh the Lar of yester-
day ^ and the lowly household gods. Alike Evander^
and alike the warriors of Troy, offer up ewes duly
chosen. Next he fares to the ships and revisits his
men, of whose number he chooses the foremost in
valour to attend him to war ; the rest glide down the
stream and idly float with the favouring current, to
bear news to Ascanius of his father and his fortunes.
^ We are to assume that, on the day of his arrival, Aeneas
had offered sacrifice to the Lar, or tutelary spirit, of the
dwelling whose hospitality he enjoyed.
)7
yOL. II. H
VIRGIL
dantur equi Teucris Tyrrhena petentibus arva ;
ducunt exortem Aeneae, quern fulva leonis
pellis obit totum^ praefulgens unguibus aureis.
Fama volat parvam subito volgata per urbem,
ocius ire equites Tyrrheni ad litora regis. 555
vota metu duplicant matres, propiusque periclo
it timor et maior Martis iam apparet imago,
turn pater Euandrus dextram complexus euntis
haeret, inexpletus lacrimans, ac talia fatur :
" o mihi praeteritos referat si luppiter annos^ 560
qualis eram, cum primam aciem Praeneste sub ipsa
stravi scutorumque incendi victcJr acervos
et regem hac Erulum dextra sub Tartara misi,
nascenti cui tris animas Feronia mater
(horrendum dictu) dederat^ terna arma movenda 565
(ter leto sternendus erat ; cui turn tamenomnis
abstulit haec animas dextra et totidem exuit armis) :
non ego nunc dulci amplexu divellerer usquam^
nate, tuo, neque finitimo Mezentius umquam
huic capiti insultans tot ferro saeva dedisset 570
funera, tarn multis viduasset civibus urbem.
at vos, o superi, et divom tu maxime rector
luppiter, Arcadii, quaeso, miserescite regis
et patrias audite preces : si numina vestra
incolumem Pallanta mihi, si fata reservant, 575
si visurus eum vivo et venturus in luium,
vitam oro, patior quemvis durare laborem.
sin aliquem infandum casum, Fortuna, minaris,
nunc, nunc o liceat crudelem abrumpere vitam,
dum curae ambiguae, dum spes incerta futuri, 580
655 Tyrrhena Py\ limina ^7^. ^s* proprius FH,
^^^ inexplotum P^, preferred hy JServiiis. lacrimis ,M,
hwvm to Servius* *»•• tunc MPM'^c : turn h.
^•* finitimos P. usquam PRyK *'* muneiu P*.
578 vivum R. ^" patiar P^. *^* nimc o nunc 11.
98
AENEID BOOK VIII
Horses are given to the Teucrians who seek the
Tyrrhene fields ; for Aeneas they lead forth a chosen
steed^ all caparisoned in a tawny lion's skin^ glittering
with claws of gold.
^* Suddenly^ spreading through the little town^
flies a rumour^ that horsemen are speeding to the
shores of the Tyrrhene king. In alarm mothers
redouble their vows ; more close on peril treads fear,
and the image of the War-god now looms larger.
Then Evander, clasping the hand of his departing
son, clings to him insatiate in tears and thus speaks :
^' O if Jupiter would bring me back the years that
are sped, and make me what I was when under
Praeneste's very walls I struck down the foremost
ranks, burned the up-piled shields, victorious, and
with this right hand sent down to Tartarus King
Erulus, whom at his birth his mother Feronia had
given (awful to tell!) three lives with threefold
armour to wear — thrice had he to be laid low in
death ; yet on that day this hand bereft him of all
his lives and as often stripped him of his armour —
then never should I now be torn, my son, from thy
sweet embrace. Never on this his neighbour's head
would Mezentius have heaped scorn, dealt with the
sword so many cruel deaths, nor widowed the city of
so many of her sons ! But ye, O powers above, and
thou, O Jupiter, mighty ruler of the gods, pity, I
pray, the Arcadian king, and hear a father s prayer.
If your will, if destiny keep my Pallas safe, if I live
still to see him, still to meet him, for life I pray ;
any toil soever have I patience to endure. But if, O
Fortune, thou threatenest some dread mischance,
now, oh, now may I break the thread of cruel life,
— while fears are doubtful, while hope reads not the
99
H 2
VIRGIL
dum te^ care puer^ mea sera et sola voluptas^
complexu teneo^ gravior neu nuntius auris
volneret/' haee genitor digressu dicta supremo
fundebat ; famuli conlapsum in tecta ferebant.
> lamque adeo exierat portis equitatus apertis, 585
Aeneas inter primos et fidus Achates,
inde alii Troiae proceres, ipse agmine Pallas
in medio, chlamyde et pictis conspectus in armis,
qualis ubi Oceani perfusus Lucifer unda,
quern Venus ante alios astrorum diligit ignis, 590
extulit OS sacrum caelo tenebrasque resolvit.
stant pavidae in muris matres oculisque sequuntur
pulveream nubem et fulgentis acre catervas.
olli per dumos, qua proxima meta viarum,
armati tendunt ; it clamor, et agmine facto 595
quadrupedante putrem sonitu quatit ungula campum.
Est ingens gelidum lucus prope Caeritis amnem,
religione patrum late sacer ; undique coUes
inclusere cavi et nigra nemus abiete cingunt.
Silvano fama est veteres sacrasse Pelasgos, 600
arvorum pecorisque deo, lucumque diemque,
qui primi finis aliquando habuere Latinos,
baud procul bine Tarcho et Tyrrheni tuta tenebant
castra locis, celsoque omnis de colle videri
iam poterat legio et latis tendebat in arvis. 605
hue pater Aeneas et bello lecta inventus
succedunt, fessique et equos et corpora curant.
At Venus aetherios inter dea Candida nimbos
dona ferens aderat ; natumque in valle reducta
ut procul egelido secretum fiumine vidit, 610
«" sola et sera B. *•* complexus 3P/?. ne F^y\
"a dicta] maesta M\ "• et gelido APPJiy.
100
AENEID^ POOK VIII
* • *
future^ while thou^ beloved ^1>Qy* my late and lone
delight^ art held in my embrtc^; and may no
heavier tidings wound mine ear ! ^' * "^hese words the
father poured forth at their lastparfLngf^is servants
bore him swooning within the palace. •
^** And now the horsemen had issued from the
open gates^ Aeneas at their head with loyal AcT-ttes,
then other princes of Troy; Pallas himself af the
colunm's centre^ conspicuous in scarf and blazoned
armour — even as the Morning Star, whom Venii&
loves above all the stellar fires, Vhen, bathed in
Ocean's wave, he uplifts in heaven his sacred head
and melts the darkness. On the walls mothers
stand trembling, and follow with their eyes the dusty
cloud and the squadrons gleaming with brass. They
through the brushwood, where the journey's goal is
nearest, fare in their armour ; a shout mounts up,
they form in column, and with galloping tramp the
horse-hoof shakes the crumbling plain.
^^ Near Caere's cold stream there stands a vast
grove, widely revered with ancestral awe ; on all sides
curving hills enclose it, and girdle the woodland
with dark fir-trees. Rumour tells that the old
Pelasgians who first, in time gone by, held the
Latin borders, dedicated both grove and festal day
to Silvanus, god of fields and flock. Not far from
thence Tarchon and the Tyrrhenians camped in a
sheltered spot, and now from a high hill all the host
could be seen, their tents pitched in the wide
fields. Hither come father Aeneas and the warriors
chosen for battle, and refresh their steeds and
wearied frames.
^* But Venus, lovely goddess, drew nigh, bearing
her gifts amid the clouds of heaven ; and when afar
she saw her son apart in a secluded vale by the cool
101
.•: *•.
Y.lftfelL
talibus adfata est dt<^s*t;eque obtulit ultro :
" en perfecta mei 'promissa coniugis arte
munera^ ne rnty^fiiBLi Laurentis^ nate^ superbos^
aut acrem ^bitfeS; in proelia poscere Tumum."
dixit el,am{$]eKus nati Cytherea petivit^ 6X5
arma^su&.ad versa posuit radiantia quereu.
ille^*4^^''^o'*^s et tanto laetus honore,
e]^p'>4]:i nequit atque oculos per singula volvit^
, ^ niH'aturque interque manus et bracchia versat
\*J^rribilem cristis galeam flainmasque vomentem^ 620
;•••/•, 'fatiferumque ensem, lorieam ex aere rigentem^
»; ' sanguineam^ ingentem^ qualis cum caerula nubes
solis inardescit radiis longeque refulget ;
turn levis ocreas electro auroque recocto,
hastamque et clipei non enarrabile textum. 625
Illic res Italas Romanorumque triumphos
haud vatum ignarus venturique inscius aevi
feeerat Ignipotens^ illic genus omne futurae
stirpis ab Ascanio pugnataque in ordine bella.
feeerat et viridi fetam Mavortis in antro 630
procubuisse lupam^ geminos huicubera circum
ludere pendentis pueros et lambere matrem
impavidos^ illam tereti cervice reflexa
mulcere altetnos et corpora fingere lingua,
nee procul hinc Romam et raptas sine more Sabinas 6S5
consessu caveae^ magnis Circensibus actis^
addiderat^ subitoque novum consurgere bellum
Romulidis Tatioque seni Curibusque sevens,
post idem inter se posito certamine reges
armati lovis ante aram paterasque tenentes 640
stabant et caesa iungebant foedera porca.
haud procul inde citae Mettum in diversa quadrigae
*2® minantem Py^. ®28 omnipotens M.
(i83 reflexam M^, ^*° aras i2. pateram iV.
102 m:
AENEID BOOK VIII
stream^ she thus addressed him^ of free will presenting
herself to view ; " Lo ! the presents perfected by my
lord's promised skill ! so that thou mayest not stuink,
my child^ from challenging anon the haughty Lauren-
tines or brave Turnus to battle." Cytherea spake^
and sought her son's embrace^ and set up the arms
all radiant under an oak before him. He, rejoicing in
the divine gift and in honour thus signal, cannot be
sated, as he rolls his eyes from piece to piece, admir-
ing and turning over in his hands and arms the
helmet, tennj(ic with plumes and spouting flames, the
death-dealing .sword, the stiff brazen corslet, blood-
red and huge, — even as when a dark-blue cloud
kindles with the sun's rays and gleams afar ; then the
smooth greaves of electrum and refined gold, the
spear, and the shield's ineffable fabric.
^^ There the story of Italy and the triumphs of
Rome had the Lord of Fire fashioned, not unversed
in prophecy, or unknowing of the age to come ;
there, every generation of the stock to spring from
Ascanius, and the wars they fought one by one. He
had fashioned, too, the mother- wolf outstretched in
the green cave of Mars ; around her teats the twin
boys hung playing, and mouthed their dam without
fear; she, with shapely neck bent back, fondled
them by turns, and moulded their limbs with her
tongue. Not far from this he had set Rome and the
Sabines, lawlessly carried off, what time the great Cir-
cus-games were held, from the theatre's seated throng ;
then the sudden uprising of a fresh war between the
sons of Romulus and |ged Tatius and his stem Cures.
Next, the self-same kings, their strife laid at rest, stood
armed before Jove's altar, cup in hand, and each with
each made covenant o'er sacrifice of swine. Not far
thence, four-horse cars, driven apart, had torn Mettus
103
VIRGIL
distulerant (at tu dictis^ Albane^ maneres !)
raptabatque viri mendacis viscera Tullus
per silvam^ et sparsi rorabant sanguine vepres. 645
nee non Tarquinium eiectum Porsenna iubebat
accipere ingentique urbem obsidione premebat ;
Aeneadae in ferrum pro libertate ruebant.
ilium indignanti similem similemque minanti
aspiceres, pontem auderet quia vellere Codes 650
et fluvium vinelis innaret Cloelia ruptis.
In summo custos Tarpeiae Manlius arcis
stabat pro templo et Capitolia celsa tenebat^
Romuleoque recens horrebat regia culmo.
atque hie auratis volitans argenteus anser 655
porticibus Gallos in limine adesse canebat ;
Galli per dumos aderant carcemque tenebant^
defensi tenebris et dono noctis opacae :
aurea caesaries ollis atque aurea vestis^
virgatis lucent sagulis^ tum lactea colla 660
auro innectuntur^ duo quisque Alpina coruscant
gaesa manu^ scutis protecti corpora longis.
hie exsultantis Salios nudosque Lupercos
lanigerosque apices et lapsa ancilia caelo
extuderat, castae ducebant sacra per urbem 665
pilentis matres in mollibus. hinc procul addit
Tartareas etiam sedes, alta ostia Ditis^
et scelerum poenas^ et te^ Catilina^ minaci
pendentem scopulo Furiarumque ora trementem ;
«*» dispulerant MK «" Galli] oUi li.
•••^ tunc Py. ••* cornscat Py^.
^ In the imperial city there was a "house of Romulus,'
with thatched roof, on both the Capitol and the Palatine.
104
AENEID BOOK VIII
asunder (but thou^ O Alban^ shouldst have stood by
thy words !)^ and Tullus dragged through the woods
the liar's limbs^ and the brambles dripped with dew
of blood. There^ too^ was Porsenna^ bidding them
admit the banished Tarquin, and hemming the city
with mighty siege : the sons of Aeneas rushed on
the sword for freedom's sake. Him thou mightest
have seen like one in wrath, like one who threats, for
that Codes dared to tear down the bridge, and
Cloelia broke her bonds and swam the river.
•52 At the top, Manlius, warder of the Tarpeian
fort, stood before the temple, and held the lofty
Capitol ; the palace was rough, fresh with the thatch
of Romulus.^ And here the silver goose,* fluttering
through gilded colonnades, cried that the Gauls were
on the threshold. The Gauls were near amid the
thickets, laying hold of the fort, shielded by dark-
ness, and the boon of shadowy night. Golden are
their locks and golden their raiment ; they glitter in
striped cloaks, and their milk-white necks are en-
twined with gold ; two Alpine pikes each brandishes
in hand, and long shields guard their limbs. Here
he had wrought the dancing Salii and naked Luperci,
the crests bound with wool, and the shields that fell
from heaven ; and in cushioned cars chaste matrons
moved through the city in solemn progress.* Away
from these he adds also the abodes of Hell, the high
gates of Dis, the penalties of sin, and thee, Catiline,
hanging on a frowning cliff, and trembling at the
* In 390 £.0., when the Gauls attacked the Capitol, they
were driven back by Manlius, who had been roused from
sleep by cackling geese.
' Roman matrons were allowed to ride at sacred proces-
sions in pilenta, because of their self -sacrifice after the
capture of Veii, 395 B.C.
105
LIBER IX
Atque ea diversa penitiis dum parte geruntui% mpr
I rim de caelo misit Saturnia luno
audacem ad Turnum. yf luco turn forte parentis
Pilumni Turnus sacrata valle sedebat.
ad quern sic roseo Thaumantias ore locuta est : 5
" Tume^ quod optanti divum promittere nemo
auderet, volvenda dies en attulit ultro.
Aeneas urbe et soeiis et classe relicta
sceptra Palatini sedemque petit Euandri.
nee satis : extremas Corythi penetravit ad urbes 10
Lydorumque manum colleetos armat agrestis.
quid dubitas? nunc tempus equos^ nunc poscere currus.
rumpe moras omnis et turbata arripe castra."
dixit et in caelum paribus se sustulit alis
ingentemque fuga secuit sub nubibus arcum. 15
adgnovit iuvenis duplicisque ad sidera palmas
sustulit ac tali fugientem est voce secutus :
" Iri^ decus caeli^ quis te mihi nubibus actam
detulit in terras ? unde haec tam clara repente
tempestas ? medium video discedere caelum 20
palantisque polo Stellas, sequor omina tanta^
^^ manus Py^, et colleetos y\ ^' et ME, ^i gequar J/.
^ Corythna had founded Cortona, the principal Etruscan
city.
112
BOOK IX
And while in the far distance such deeds befell^
Satumian Juno sent Iris from heaven to gallant
Tumus^ who as it chanced was then seated within a
hallowed vale, in the grove of his sire Pilumnus.
To him^ with roseate lips^ thus spake the child of
Thaumas :
^ ^^Tumus, that which no god had dared to promise
to thy prayers, lo, the circling hour has brought
unasked ! Aeneas, leaving town, comrades, and fleet,
seeks the Palatine realm, and Evander's dwelling.
Nor does that suffice ; he has won his way to Cory-
thus' utmost cities,^ and is mustering in armed bands
the Lydian country-folk. Why hesitate ? Now, now
is the hour to call for steed and car ; break off delay,
and seize the bewildered camp!" She spake, and
on poised wings rose into the sky, cleaving in flight
her mighty bow beneath the clouds.^ The youth
knew her, and, raising his two upturned hands to
heaven, with such words pursued her flight : " Iris,
glory of the sky, who has brought thee down to me,
wafted upon the clouds to earth? Whence this
sudden brightness of the air? I see the heavens
part asunder, and the stars that roam in the firma-
ment. ^ I follow the mighty omen, whoso thou art
« c/. Aen. v. 657-8.
' The mist veiling the heavens is rent asunder, revealing
the stars beyond.
113
VOL. 11. 1
VIRGIL
quisquis in arma vocas." et sic effatus ad undam
processit summoque hausit de gurgite lymphas^
multa deos orans, oneravitque aethera votis.
lamque omnis campis exercitus ibat apertis, 25
dives eqiium, dives pictai vestis et auri
(Messapus primas acies, postrema coercent
Tyrrhidae iuvenes^ medio dux agmine Turnus), 28
ceu septem surgens sedatis amnibus altus 30
per taciturn Ganges aut pingui flumine Nilus
cum refluit campis et iam se condidit alveo^^
hie subitam nigro glomerafi pulvere nubem fmpr
prospiciunt Teucri ac tenebras insurgere campis.
primus ab adversa conclamat mole Caicus : 35
^^ quis globus^ o cives, caligine volvitur atra ?
ferte citi ferrum, date tela, ascendite muros,
hostis adest> lieia ! " ingenti clamore per omnis
condunt se Teucri portas et moenia complent.
namque ita discedens praeceperat optimus armis 40
Aeneas, si qua interea fortuna fuisset,
neu struere auderent aciem neu credere campo ;
castra modo et tutos servarent aggere muros.
ergo etsi conferre manum pudor iraque monstrat,
obiciunt portas tameh et praecepta facessunt, 45
armatique cavis exspectant turribus hostem.
Turnus, ut ante volans tardum praecesserat agmen,
viginti lectis equitum comitatus, et ur\n
improvisus adest : maculis quem Thracius albis
portat equus cristaque tegit galea aurea rubra. 50
"ecquis erit, mecum, iuvenes, qui primus in hostem.'*
en" — ait et iaculum attorquens emittit in auras,
22 et omitted P^. ^s omnis] adeo M\
2* vertitur arma tenens et toto vertice supra est. This
verae^ given by inferior MSS,, is taken from vii. 784.
3* magno Fy^. *' scandite M^ : et scandite FJL
*2 acies E. ** furor Nonius, monstrant F.
^2 intorquens J/.
114
AENEID BOOK IX
that callest to arms ! " And with these words he
went onward to the river^ and took up water from the
brimming floods calling oft on the gods and burden-
ing heaven with vows.
^ And now all the army was advancing on the open
plain^ rich in horses^ rich in broidered robes and gold
— Messapus marshalling the van^ the sons of Tyrrheus
the rear^ and Tumus their captain in the centre of
the line : — even as Ganges^ rising high in silence
with his seven peaceful streams^ or Nile, when his
rich flood ebbs from the fields, and at length he
is sunk into his channel. Here the Teucrians descrv
a sudden cloud gathering in black dust, and dark-
ness rising on the plains. First cries Cai'cus from
the rampart's front : " What mass, my countrymen,
rolls onward in murky gloom ? Quick with the sword !
Serve weapons, climb the walls ! The enemy is upon
us, ho ! " With mighty clamour the Teucrians seek
shelter through all the gates and man the ramparts.
For so at his departure, Aeneas, bravest of warriors,
had charged;, were aught to chance meanwhile,
they should not dare to array their line or trust the
field; let them but guard camp and walls, secure
behind their mound. Therefore, though shame and
wrath prompt to conflict, yet they bar the gates and
do his bidding, awaiting the foe under arms and
within covert of the towers. Tumus, as he had
flown forward in advance of his tardy column, with a
following of twenty chosen horse comes upon the
city unobserved : a Thracian steed, spotted with white,
bears the prince, and a golden helm with crimson
crest guards his head. " Gallants, is there one, who
with me will be first against the foe to — ^lo ! " he cries,
and whirling a javelin sends it skyward — the ])re-
11.5
I 2
VIRGIL
principium pugnae^ et campo sese arduus infert.
clamorem excipiunt socii fremituque sequiintur
horrisono ; Teucrum mirantur inertia corda^ 55
non aequo dare se campo, non obvia ferre
arma viros, sed castra fovere. hue turbidus atque hue
lustrat equo muros aditumque per avia quaerit
ac veluti pleno lupus insidiatus ovili
cum fremit ad caulas, ventos perpessus et imbris, 60
nocte super media ; tuti sub matribus agni
balatum exercent ; ille asper et improbus ira
saevit in absentis ; collecta fatigat edendi
ex longo rabies et siccae sanguine fauces :
baud aUter Rutulo muros et castra tuenti 65
ignescunt irae, duris dolor ossibus ardet. ,
qua temptet ratione aditus, et quae via clausos
excutiat Teucros vallo atque efFundat in aequum ?
classem, quae lateri castrorum adiuncta latebat^ mpr
aggeribus saeptam circum et fiuvialibus undis^ 70
invadit sociosque incendia poscit ovantis
atque manum pinu flagranti fervidus implet.
tum vero incumbunt (urget praesentia Turni)
atque omnis facibus pubes accingitur atris.
diripuere focos ; piceum fert fumida lumen 75
taeda et commixtam Volcanus ad astra favillam.
Quis deus, o Musae, tarn saeva incendia Teucris
avertit ? tantos ratibus quis depulit ignis ?
dicite. prisca fides facto^ sed fama perennis.
tempore quo primum Phrygia formabat in Ida 80
Aeneas classem et pelagi petere alta parabat,
ipsa deum fertur genetrix Berecyntia magnum
^' campis It, ^* clamore FRy^, known to Serviits,
•• durus Py\ After ardet Conington and most earlier
editors place a comma.
•' qua via FMF^y, Servius : quae via P*i2, hiMiwn to Servius.
" aequor P^F^. " qui Py\
'* sed] sit Jt. ®2 genetrix fertur JR.
116
AENEID BOOK IX
lude of battle — and advances proudly o*er the plain.
His comrades take up the shout^ and follow with
dreadful din ; they marvel at the Teucrians* craven
hearts^ crying : '^ They trust not themselves to a fair
field, they face not the foe in arms, but they hug the
camp." Hither and thither he rides wildly round
the walls, seeking entrance where way is none. And
as when a wolf, lying in wait about a crowded fold,
roars beside the pens at midnight, enduring winds
and rains ; safe beneath their mothers the lambs keep
bleating ; he, fierce and reckless in his wrath, rages
against the prey beyond his reach, tormented by the
long-gathering fury of famine, and by his dry, blood-
less jaws : — even so, as he scans wall and camp, the
Rutulian's wrath is aflame ; resentment is hot within
his iron bones. By what device shall he essay
entrance ? By what path hurl the prisoned Teucrians
from their rampart, and pour them on the plain ?
Hard by the camp's side lay the fleet, fenced about
with mounds and the flowing river ; this he assails,
calling for fire to his exulting comrades, and with
hot haste fills his hand with a blazing pine. Then
indeed they fall to, spurred on by Turnus* presence^
and all the band armed them with murky torches.
Lo ! they have stripped the hearths ; smoking brands
fling a pitchy glare, and the Fire-god wafts to heaven
the sooty cloud.
^ What god, ye Muses,' turned such fierce flames
from the Teucrians ? Who drove away from the ships
such vast fires ? Tell me ; faith in the tale is old,
but its fame is everlasting. In the days when on
Phrygian Ida, Aeneas was first fashioning his fleet and
preparing to sail the deep seas, the very Mother of
godSj 'tis said, the Berecyntian queen, thus spake to
117
» >.*.*-= ••Tssi -ai. SIS. petenti^
auh^ 85
. ^^.^ >^^ ^»-.--« -^^-^c* ^rtTvtlilt
AENEID BOOK IX
mighty Jove : " Grant, O son, to my prayer, what
thy dear mother asks of thee, now lord of Olympus.^
A grove I had upon the mountain's crest, whither
men brought me offerings, — a pine-forest beloved for >.
many years, dim with dusky firs and trunks of maple. '^
These, when he lacked a fleet, I gave gladly to the
Dardan youth ; now anxious fear tortures my troubled
breast. Relieve my terrors, and let a mother s prayer
avail thus much, that they be overcome neither by
stress of voyage nor by blast of wind. Be it a boon
to them that they grew upon our hills."
®*To her replied her son, who sways the starry
world : " O mother, whither dost thou summon fate ?
Or what seekest thou for these of thine .^^ Should
hulls framed by mortal hand have immortal rights ?
And should Aeneas in surety traverse unsure perils ?
To what god is such power allowed ? Nay, when,
their service done^ they one day gain an Ausonian
haven, from all that have escaped the M^aves, and
borne the Dardan chief to the fields of Laurentum,
will I take away their mortal shape, and bid them be
goddesses of the great sea, like unto Doto, Nereus*
child, and Galatea, who cleave with their breasts the
foaming deep.'* He said ; and by the waters of his
Stygian bi'other, by the banks that seethe with pitch
in black swirling abyss, he nodded assent, and with
the nod made all Olympus tremble.
^9'^ So the promised day was come, and the
Destinies had fulfilled their appointed times, when
Tumus' outrage warned the Mother to ward off the
brands from her sacred ships. Then first there
flashed upon the eyes a strange light, and from the
^ He therefore has power to grant her petition. Servius
says that Cybele appeals to her son's gratitude, because
when Cronos wished to devour him, she had saved his li^
VIRGIL
visus ab Aurora caelum transcurrere nimbus
Idaeique chori ; turn vox horrenda per auras
excidit et Troum Rutulorumque agmina eomplet :
" ne trepidate meas, Teucri, defendere navis,
neve annate manus : maria ante exurere Turno 115
quam sacras dabitur pinus. vos ite solutae^
Ite deae pelagi ; genetrix iubet." et sua quaeque
continuo puppes abrumpunt vincula ripis fmpr
delphinumque modo demersis aequora rostris
ima petunt. hinc virgineae, mirabile monstrum, 1 20
reddunt se totidem facies pontoqiie feruntur. 1 22
Obstipuere animi Rutulis^ conterritus ipse
turbatis Messapus equis^ cunctatur et amnis
rauca sonans revoeatque pedem Tiberinus ab alto. 1 25
at non audaci Turno fiducia cessit ;
ultro animos tollit dictis atque increpat ultro :
^' Troianos haec monstra petunt, his luppiter ipse
auxilium solitum eripuit, non tela neque ignes
exspeetant Rutulos. ergo maria invia Teucris 1 80
nee spes uUa fugae : rerum pars altera adempta est,
terra autem in nostris manibus ; tot milia gentes
arma ferunt Italae. nil me fatalia terrent,
si qua Phryges prae se iactant, responsa deorum :
sat fatis Venerique datum est, tetigere quod arva 1 35
fertilis Ausoniae Troes. sunt et mea contra
fata mihi, ferro sceleratam exscindere gentem,
coniuge praerepta, nee solos tangit Atridas
1*® monstrum] dictu E.
i«i quot prius aeratae steterant ad litora prorae. This
verse, given only by inferior MSS., is taken from x. 223.
iM animis Rutuli FFi. "* turbatus P^B.
^^^ exspectans AP-. ^'^ gentis MJt.
i«s egt omitted by M,
^JBy Idaei chori the poet means the attendants upon
Cybele ; cf A en. iii. 111.
120 ^«
AENEID BOOK 1\
a cloud wa» seen to hjtetd athwart thf
I da's diotn ID its tiaia ; ^ tbereoa timogb
oil SD awfnl vmce, filling the Trojui and
. ranks: "TnioWe not, je Teocrimot, to
inj- sbips, DOT take weapons into your hands.
■i shall have leave to bom up the «e>s sootter
my saered pines. Go yc free; go, goddesses
i-eaQ ; the Mother bidE it" .\Dd xt mice each
, I vends hercaUe from the bank, and like dolphins
■y dip their beaks and dire to the water's depths :
iL'ii as njaiden forms — O wmdrous portent !— they
uierge in like number and bear out to Ma.
'^3 Amazed were the hearts of the Rutnlians :
Messapus himself was t«;TTor-Etricken, his steeds
affrighted; and the hoarselv murmuring stream is
stayed, as Tibt^rinus tnms back his footbteps from
the deep. But fearless Tumns lo^ not heart ; nay,
he raises their conragff with his words — nay, he
chides them : " 'Tis the Trojans these pwtents assail :
Jupiter himself has bereft them of their wonted
succoar ; they await not Batatian swofd and fire.'
Thas the seas are patJiless for the Teucrians, and
hope of fiigbt there is none. One half the world is
lost to them, but the earth is in our hands : in such
thoQsands are the nations of Italy under arms.
Naught do I dread all the fateful oracles of heaven
whereof these Phrygians boast : to Fate and Venus
all claims are paid, in that the Trojans have touched
our rich Ausonia's fields- I too have my fate to meet
theirs — to cut down «ith the sword a guilty race that
has robbed me of my bride I Not the sons of Atreus
' Tlieir " wooted auoconr" miut be l'
'■<. the HtiipB, which tbe f^ods have tab
Btalling the Kutuli, who TonM others
them with fire ami isword.
VIRGIL
iste dolor solisque licet capere arma Mycenis.
^ sed periisse semel satis est ' : peccare fulsset 1 40
ante satis^^enitus modo non genus omne perosos
femineuml quibus haee medii fiducia valli
fossarumq^e morae, leti discrimina parva,
dant animos. at non viderunt moenia Troiae
Neptuni fabricata manu eonsidere in ignis ? 1 45
sed vos^ o lectin ferroquis scindere vallum
apparat et mecum invadit trepidantia castra ?
non armis mihi Volcanic non mille carinis
est opus in Teucros. addant se protinus omnes
Etrusci soeios. tenebras et inertia furta 150
Palladii^ caesis summae custodibus arcis^
ne timeant, nee equi caeca condemur in alvo :
luce palam certum est igni circumdare muros.
baud sibi cum Danais rem faxo et pube Pelasga
esse ferant^ decimum quos distulit Hector in annum,
nunc adeo^ melior quoniam pars acta diei^ 156
quod superest^ laeti bene gestis corpora rebus
procurate, viri, et pugnam sperate parari."
Interea vigilum excubiis obsidere portas
cura datur Messapo et moenia cingere flammis. l60
bis septem Rutuli^ muros iqui milite servent,
delecti ; ast illos centeni quemque sequuntur
purpurei cristis iuvenes auroque corusci.
"0 sed] si 7».
^*^ non modo R : modo nee some old JfSS. of Pierim : raodo
nunc Venice edition of 1472. perosus F*M^^: perosuin 7*.
**• discrimine F^My, parvo F*MP*lly : parvas PK
"• quis] qui MSS.
■J»i Found in all good }fSS. , but generally rejected, cf. 11.
165. summae] late F^R. ^^ ferant] putent MR.
"• diei est M*R. "» flamma FR,
"1 Rutulo M\ "« secuti R,
122
AENEID BOOK IX
alone are touched by that pang, nor has Mycenae
alone the right to take up arms. ' But to have perished
once is enough ! * Nay, to have sinned once had been
enough, so that henceforth they should loathe utterly
well-nigh all womankind — these men to whom this
trust in a sundering rampart, these delaying dykes —
slight barriers against death — afford courage ! ^ Yet
have they not seen Troy's battlements, the work of
Neptune's hand, sink in flames ? But ye, my chosen,
who of you makes ready, at the sword's point, to
hew down the rampart and rush with me on their
bewildered camp ? I need not the arms of Vulcan
nor a thousand ships, to meet the Trojans. Let all
Etruria join them forthwith in alliance. Darkness
and cowardly theft of their Palladium,^ with slaugh-
ter of guards on the citadel-height, let them not fear ;
nor shall we lurk in a horse's dusky womb ! In broad
day, in the sight of all, I mean to gird their walls
with fire. I will make them nowise think they have
to do with Danaans and Pelasgic chivalry, whom
Hector kept at bay till the tenth year. Now, since
the fairer part of the day is spent, for what remains,
gallants, joyfully refresh yourselves after your good
service, and be assured that we are preparing for the
fray."
1^^ Meanwhile charge is given to Messapus to
blockade the gates with posted sentries, and to
encircle the battlements with fires. Twice seven
Rutulians are chosen to guard the walls with soldiers,
but on each attend an hundred men, purple-plumed
^ The argument is this : one would have expected them to
be haters of women, rather than commit a second ofifencc
like that of abducting Helen, especially as they are cowards
who refuse to face a fight.
* cf. Aen. II 165.
123
VIRGIL
discurrunt variantque vices fusique per herbam
indulgent vino et vertunt crateras aenos. mpr
conlucent ignes, noctem custodia ducit l66
insomnem ludo^
Haec super e vallo prospectant Troes et armis
alta tenent, nee non trepidi formidine portas
explorant pontisque et propugnacula iungunt^ 170
tela gerunt. instat Mnestheus acerque Serestus,
quos pater Aeneas, si quando ad versa vocarent,
rectores iuvenum et rerum dedit esse magistros.
omnis per muros legio, sortita periclum,
excubat exercetque vices, quod cuique tuendum est.
Nisus erat portae custos, acerrimus ariiiis, 176
Hyrtacides, comitem Aeneae quern miserat Ida
venatrix, iaculo celerem levibusque sagittis,
et iuxta comes Euryalus, quo pulchrior alter
non fuit Aeneadum Troiana neque induit arma, 1 80
ora puer prima signans intonsa iuventa.
his amor unus erat pariterque in bella ruebant ;
turn quoque communi portam statione tenebant.
Nisus ait : " dine hunc ardorem mentibus addunt,
Euryale, an sua cuique deus fit dira cupido ? 185
aut pugnam aut aliquid iamdudum invadere magnum
mens agitat mihi, nee placida contenta quiete est.
cernis, quae Rutulos habeat fiducia rerum.
lumina rara micant, somno vinoque soluti
procubuere, silent late loca. percipe poiTO, 190
quid dubitem et quae nunc animo sententia surgat.
Aenean*acciri omnes, populusque patresque,
^^^ instant ME. ^'' iuveni hioifm to SermuM.
^®* sepulti SemnuH.
1524
AENEID BOOK IX
and sparkling with gold. To and fro they rush^ and
take their tums^ or stretched along the grass^ drink
their fill of wine and upturn bowls of bronze. The
fires bum bright^ and the warders spend the sleepless
night in games.
^^^ On this scene the Trojans look forth from the
rampart above^ as in arms they hold the summit ; in
trembling haste they test the gates and link bridges ^
and battlements^ sword in hand. Mnestheus and
valiant Serestus urge on the work, whom father
Aeneas, should misfortune ever call, left as leaders
of the warriors and rulers of the state. Along the
walls the whole host, dividing the peril, keeps watch,
and serves in turns, where each should mount guard,
1^® Nisus was guardian of the gate, most valiant of
warriors, son of Hyrtacus, whom Ida the huntress
had sent in Aeneas' train with fleet javelin and light
arrows. At his side was Euryalus — ^none fairer
among the Aeneadae, or of all who donned the Tro-
jan arms — a boy who showed on his unshaven cheek
the first bloom of youth. A common love was theirs ;
side by side they would charge in the fray ; now too
they together were mounting sentry at the gate.
Nisus cries : ^' Do the gods, Euryalus, put this fire in
our hearts, or does his own wild longing become to
each man a god ? Long has my heart been astir to dare
battle or some great deed, and peaceful quiet con-
tents it not. Thou seest what faith in their fortunes
possesses the Butulians. Few are their gleaming
lights ; relaxed with wine and slumber, they lie
prone; far and wide reigns silence. Learn then
what I ponder, and what purpose now rises in my
mind. People and senate — ^all cry that Aeneas
^ The bridges or gangways connect towers standing out-
side the walls with the battlements.
VIRGIL
exposcunt mittique viros^ qui certa reportent.
si tibi quae posco promittunt (nam mihi facti
fama sat est), tumulo videor reperire sub illo 195
posse viam ad muros et moenia Pallantea/'
obstipuit magno laudum percussus amore
Euryalus ; simul his ardentem adfatur amicum :
" mene igitur socium summis adiuhgere rebus,
Nise, fugis ? solum te in tanta perieula mittam ? 200
non ita me genitor, bellis adsuetus Opheltes,
Argolicum terrorem inter Troiaeque labores
sublatum erudiit, nee tecum talia gessi,
magnanimum Aenean et fata extrema secutus :
est hie, est animus lueis contemptor et istum 205
qui vita bene credat emi, quo tendis, bonorem/'
Nisus ad haec : '^ equidem de te nil tale
verebar, fmpr
nee fas, non : ita me referat tibi magnus ovantem
luppiter aut quieumque oculis haec aspicit acquis,
sed si quis, quae multa vides discrimine tali, 210
si quis in adversum rapiat casusve deusve,
te silperesse velim ; tua vita dignior aetas.
sit. qui me raptum pugna pretiove redemptum
mandet humo, solita aut si qua id Fortiina vetabit,
absenti ferat inferias decoretque sepulchro. 215
peu matri miserae tanti sim causa doloris,
quae te sola, puer, multis e matribus ausa
persequitur, magni nee moenia curat Acestae."
ille autem, " causas nequiquam nectis inanis,
nee mea iam mutata loco sententia cedit. 220
acceleremus," ait. vigiles simul excitat : illi
succedunt servantque vices ; statione relicta
ip^ comes Niso graditur regemque requirunt.
»«» ad haec] ait P*. ««» aspicis P.
*^* humo : FM puncttiate after humo, P and Priscian after
solita ; Serviua knotos both readings.
126
AENEID BOOK IX
should be summoned, and men be sent to take him
sure tidings. If they promise the boon I ask for thee
— for to me the glory of the deed is enough —
methinks beneath yonder mound I may find a path to
the walls and fortress of Pallanteum." Dazed was
Euryalus, smitten with mighty love of praise, and
thus at once speaks to his fiery friend : " Dost thou
shrink then, Nisus, from linking me with thee in
this high emprise ? Shall I send thee alone into such
great perils ? Not thus did my sire, the old warrior
Opheltes, train me as his child amid Argive terrors
and the travails of Troy, nor thus at thy side have
I played my part, following high-souled Aeneas and
his utmost fate. Here, here is a soul that scorns
the light, and counts that fame, whereto thou
strivest, cheaply bought with life."
^^"^ To this Nisus : " Of thee, surely, I had no such
fear, nay, nay, 'twere a sin — so may great Jupiter, or
whoso looks on this deed with favouring eyes, bring
me back to thee in triumph I But if — as oft thou
seest in like hazards — if some god or chance sweep
me to disaster, I would that thou survive ; thy youth
is worthier of life. Let there be one to commit me
to earth, rescued from battle or ransomed at a price ;
or if, as oft befalls, some chance deny this, to render
rites to the absent and the honour of a tomb.^ Nor
let me, my child, be the cause of such grief to thy
poor mother, who, alone of many mothers, has dared
to follow thee to the end, nor heeds great Acestes'
city." 2 But he : " Vainly dost thou weave idle pleas,
nor does my purpose now change or give way. Hasten
we ! '* he said, and therewith rouses the guaids.
They come up, and take their turn ; he, quitting his
jjost, walks by Nisus' side as they seek the prince.
^ i.e. a cenotaph. ^ ^y; ^g„ y ^]^ ^^d 750^
127
»>
it
VIRGIL
" quae vobis, quae digna^ viri, pro laudibus istis
praemia posse rear solvi ? pulcherrima primum
di moresque dabunt vestri ; turn cetera reddet
actutum plus Aeneas atque integer aevi 255
Ascanius^ meriti tanti non immemor umquam/
" immo ego vos, cui sola salus genitore redueto,'
excipit Ascanius^ *^ per magnos^ Nise, Penatis
Assaracique Larem et canae penetralia Vestae
obtestor : quaecumque mihi fortuna fidesque est, 260
in vestris pono gremiis : revocate parentem,
reddite conspectum ; nihil illo triste recepto.
bina dabo argento perfecta atque aspera signis
pocula, devicta genitor quae cepit Arisba,
et tripodas geminos, auri duo magna talenta, 265
cratera antiquum, quern dat Sidonia Dido,
si vero capere Italiam sceptrisque potiri
contigerit victori et praedae dicere sortem,
vidisti quo Turnus equo, quibus ibat in armis
aureus; ipsum ilium, elipeum cristasque rubentis 270
excipiam sorti, iam nunc tua praemia, Nise.
praeterea bis sex genitor lectissima matrum
corpora captivosque dabit suaque omnibus arma,
insuper his campi quod rex habet ipse Latinus.
te vero, mea quern spatiis propioribus aetas 275
insequitur, venerande puer, iam pectore toto
accipio et comitem casus complector in omnis.
nulla meis sine te quaeretur gloria rebus ;
seu pacem seu bella gerain, tibi maxima rerum
verborumque fides." contra quem talia fatur 280
Euryalus : " me nulla dies tarn fortibus ausis
dissimilem arguerit : tantum fortuna secunda
««8 ducere EyK
*'* campis E. quos M^P^y.
*** Servius punctuated after tantum. So Ribbeck.
130
AENEID BOOK IX
V
cheeks and face. " What^ sirs, what guerdon shall I
deem worthy to be paid you for deeds so glorious ?
The first and fairest heaven and your own hearts shall
give ; then the rest shall the good Aeneas straight-
way repay, and the youthful Ascanius, forgetful never
of service so noble." "Nay," breaks in Ascanius,
^ I, whose sole safety lies in my sire's return, I adjure
you both, O Nisus, by the great gods of the house,
by the Lar of Assaracus, and by hoary Vesta's shrine
— all my fortune, all my trust, I lay upon your knees ;
recall my father, give him back to sight ; with him
recovered all grief vanishes. A pair of goblets will
I give, wrought in silver and rough with chasing,
that he took when Arisba was vanquished ; and two
tripods, two great talents of gold, and an ancient
bowl that Dido of Sidon gave. But if it be our lot
to take Italy, to wield a victor's sceptre and to assign
the spoil, thou hast seen the horse and the armour
wherewith Tumus rode, all in gold — that same horse,
the shield and the crimson plumes will I set apart
from the lot, thy reward, O Nisus, even now. More-
over my father will give twice six matrons of choicest
beauty, and men captives, each with his armour, and,
therewith too, whate'er domain King Latinus himself
holds.^ But thee,''oh youth revered, whom my age
follows at nearer distance, at once I take all to my
heart, and embrace as my comrade in every chance.
No glory shall be sought for my own lot without
thee ; be peace or be war on hand, in thee shall be
my chiefest trust in deed and in word."
^^ To him thus spoke Euryalus in reply : '^ Never
shall time prove me unmeet for such bold em-
prise, so but Fortime prove kind, not cruel. But
^ i.e. the land now held by the king, the royal domain, is
to go to Nisus.
131
K 2
VIRGIL
haud adversa cadat. sed te super omnia dona
unum oro : genetrix Priami de gente vetusta
est mihi, quam miseram tenuit non Ilia telluy 285
mecum excedentem, non moenia regis Acestae.
hanc ego nunc ignaram huius quodcumque pericli est
inque salutatam linquo ; nox et tua testis
dextera, quod nequeam lacrimas perferre parentis.
at tu, oro, solare inopem et succurre relietae. ^90
hanc sine me spem ferre tui : audentior ibo
in casus omnis." percussa mente dedere
Dardanidae lacrimas, ante omnis pulcher lulus,
atque animum patriae strinxit pietatis imago.
tum sic effatur : 295
^^ sponde digna tuis ingentibus omnia coeptis.
namque erit ista mihi genetrix nomenque Creusae
solum defuerit, nee partum gratia talem
parva manet. casus factum quicumque sequentur,
per caput hoc iuro, per quod pater ante sole bat : 300
quae tibi polliceor reduci rebusque'secundis,
haec eadem matrique tufie generique manebunt."
sic ait inlacrimans ; umero simul exuit ensem
auratum, mira quem fecerat arte Lycaon
Gnosius atque habilem vagina aptarat eburna. 305
dat Niso Mnestheus pfellem horreritisque leonis
exuvias, galeam fidus permutat Aletes.
protinus armati incedunt ; quos omnis euntis
primorum manus ad portas, iuvenumque senumque,
prosequitur votis. nee non et pulcher lulus, 310
ante annos aniniumque gerens curamque virilem,
multa patri mandata dabat portanda : * sed aurae
omnia discerpunt et nubibus inrita don ant.
Egressi superant fossas noctisque per umbram
castra inimica petunt, multis tamen ante futuri 315
*8' hand] aut 7*6c, Serviua, *®' est omitted by JiP-PR,
*»* dederunt PEy, «»• spondeo a^c. *" sequetur P,
132
'*
AENEID BOOK IX
from thee^ above all thy fpftB, this one thing I ask.
A mother I have^ of Priam's ancient line^ whom
neither the Ilian land nor King Acestes' city could
keep^ poor soul, from faring forth with me. Her
now^ I leave without knowledge of this peril, be it
what it may, and without word of farewell, because
— ^night and thy right hand be witness — I could not
bear a mother's tears. But do thou, I pray, comfort
the helpless, and relieve the desolate. Let me take
with me this hope in thee ; more boldly shall I meet
all hazards."
2^2 Touched to the heart, the Dardanians shed tears
— ^fair liilus before them all, and the picture of filial
love touched his soul. Then thus he spoke : " Be sure
that all shall be worthy of thy mighty enterprise ;
for she shall be a mother to me, lacking but the
name Creiisa ; nor does slight honour await her who
bore such a son. Whatever chance attend thy deed,
I swear by this head whereby my father was wont to
swear, what I promise to thee on thy prosperous return
shall abide the same for thy mother and thy house."
So he speaks weeping ; and therewithal strips from
his shoulder the gilded sword, fashioned with wond-
rous art by Lycaon of Gnosus and fitted for use with
ivory sheath. To Nisus Mnestheus gives a skin,
spoil of a shaggy lion : faithful Aletes exchanges
his helmet. At once they advance in arms and as
they go all the company of princes, young and old,
escort them to the gate with vows. Likewise fair
liilus, with a man's mind and a spirit beyond his
years gave many a charge to carry to his father.
But the breezes scatter all and give them fruitless to
the clouds !
^^* Issuing, they cross the trenches, and through
the shadow of night seek that fatal camp — yet des-
1S3
VIRGIL
exitio. passim somno vinoque per herbam
corpora fusa vident^ arrectos litore currus,^
inter lora rotasque viros, simul arma iacere,
vina simul. prior Hyrtacides sic ore locutus :
^^ Euryale, audendum dextra ; nunc ipsa vocat res. 320
hac iter est. tu^ ne qua manus se attollere nobis
a tergo possit, custodi et consule longe ;
haec ego vasta dabo et lato te limite ducam."
sic memorat vocemque premit; simul ense superbum
Rhamnetem adgreditur^ qui forte tapetibus altis 325
exstructus toto proflabat pectore somnum^
rex idem et regi Tumo gratissimus augur ;
sed non augurio potuit depellere pestem.
tris iuxta famulos temere inter tela iacentis
armigerumque Rem! premit aurigamque sub ipsis 330
nactus equis ferroque secat pendentia colla ;
tum caput ipsi aufert domino truncumque relinquit
sanguine singultantem ; atro tepefacta cruore *
terra torique madent. nee non Lamyrumque
Lamumque
et iuvenem Serranum^ ilia qui plurima nocte 335
luserat^ insignis facie^ mul toque iacebat
membra deo victus ; felix^ si protinus ilium
aequasset nocti ludum iii lucemque tulisset.
impastus ceu plena leo per ovilia turbans
(suadet enim vesana fames) manditque trahitque 340
molle pecus mutumque metu^ fremit ore cruento.
nee minor Euryali caedes ; incensiis et ipse
perfurit ac multam in medio sine nomine plebem^
»" umbram R. •" tela] lora R,
»*i multumque M^P^R.
134
AENEID BOOK IX
tined first to be the doom of many. Everywhere
they see bodies stretched along the grass in drunken
sleep^ chariots atilt on the shore^ men lying amid
wheels and harness^ their arms and flagons all about.
First the son of Hyrtacus thus began: "Euryalus,
the hand must dare ; now the occasion itself invites ;
here lies our way. Watch thou, that no arm be
raised against us from behind, and keep wide outlook.
Here will I deal destruction, and by a broad path
show thee the way." So speaks he, then checks his
voice, and at once drives his sword at haughty
Rhamnes, who, haply pillowed on high coverlets, was
drawing from all his breast the breath of sleep — a
king himself, and King Tumus' best-beloved augur ;
but not by augury could he avert his doom. Three
attendants he slew at his side, as they lay carelessly
amid their arms, and Remus' armour-bearer, and the
charioteer, catching him at the horses' feet. Their
drooping necks he severs with the sword ; then lops
off the head of their lord himself, and leaves the
trunk spurting blood ; ground and couch reek with
the warm black gore. Lamyrus, too, he slays, and
Lamus, and youthful Serranus, of wondrous beauty,
who had played long that night, and lay with limbs
vanquished by the god's abundance ; ^ happy he, had
he played on, making that game one with the night,
and pursuing it to the dawn ! Even so, an unfed
lion, rioting through full sheepfolds, for the madness
of hunger constrains him, mangles and rends the
feeble flock that are dumb with fear, and growls
with blood-stained mouth. Nor less is the slaughter
of Euryalus ; he too, all aflame, storms madly, and
falls on the vast and unnamed multitude before him,
^ The god is Sleep ; less probably, Bacchus. For the
playing, cf, 1. 167 above.
135
VIRGIL
Fadumque Herbesumque subit Rhoetumque
Abarimque,
ignaros; Rhoetum vigilantem et cuncta videntem ; 345
sed magnum metuens se post cratera tegebat :
pectore in adverse totum cui comminus ensem
condidit adsurgenti et multa morte reeepit.
purpuream vomit ille animam et cum sanguine mixta
vina refer t moriens ; hie furto fervidus instat. 350
iamque ad Messapi socios tendebat ; ibi ignem
deficere extremum et religatos rite videbat
carpere gramen equos : breviter cum talia Nisus
(sensit enim nimia caede atque cupidine ferri) mprv
^^absistamus," ait; ^^nam lux inimica propinquat. 355
poenarum exhaustum satis est, via facta per hostis."
multa virum solido argento perfecta relinquunt
armaque craterasque simul pulchrosque tapetas.
Euiyalus phaleras Rhamnetis et aurea buljis
cingula, Tiburti Remulo ditissimus olim 360
quae mittit dona, hospitio cum iungeret absens,
Caedicus ; ille suo moriens dat habere nepoti ;
post mortem bello Rutuli pugnaque potiti :
haec rapit atque umeris nequiquam fortibus aptat.
tum galeam Messapi habilem cristisque decoram S65
induit. excedunt castris et tuta capessunt.
'^ Interea praemissi equites ex urbe Latina,
cetera dum legio campis instructa moratur,
ibant et Turno regi responsa ferebant,
tercentum, scutati omnes, Volcente magistro. 370
iamque propinquabant castris muroque subibant,
'*• purpureum Tcnovm to ServiuSy and to be construtd with
ensem.
*** aptant V. '*** regis Servitia. ®'^ muros Py.
136
AENEID BOOK IX
Fadus and Herbesus^ Rhoetus and Abaris — uncon-
scious these ; but Rhoetus was awake and saw it all^
yet in his fear crouched behind a mighty bowl.
Right in his breast^ as he rose close by, the foe
plunged his sword its full length, and drew it back
steeped in death. ^ Rhoetus belches forth liis red
life, and dying casts up wine mixed with blood ; the
other hotly pursues his stealthy work. And now he
drew near Messapus* followers. There he saw the
last fires flickering, and horses, duly tethered, crop-
ping the grass ; when Nisus briefly speaks thus — for
he saw his comrade swept away by reckless lust of
carnage : '^ Let us away ; for the unfriendly dawn is
nigh. Vengeance is sated to the fiill ; a path is cut
through the foe." Many a soldier's arms, wrought
in solid silver, they leave behind — and bowls there-
with, and beautiful carpets. Euryalus takes the
trappings of Rhamnes and his gold-studded sword-
belt, gifts that of old wealthy Caedicus sent to
Remulus of Tibur, when plighting friendship far
away ; he when dying gave them to his grandson for
his own; after his death the Rutulians captured
them in war and battle. These he tears away, and
fits upon his valiant breast — all in vain. Then he
dons Messapus' shapely helm, with its graceful
plumes. They issue forth from the camp and make
for safety.
^"^ Meanwhile horsemen, sent forward from the
Latin city, while the rest of the force halts arrayed
upon the plains, came bearing a reply to King Tur-
nus — three hundred, all under shield, with Volcens
as leader. And now they were nearing the camp
and coming under the wall, when at a distance they
^ Rendered by some "welcomed him with abundant
death."
137
VIRGIL
cum procul hos laevo flectentis limite cemunt
et galea Euryalum sublustri noctis in umbra
prodidit immemorem radiisque adversa refulsit.
baud temere est visum : conclamat ab agmine
Volcens . 375
^' state, viri. quae causa viae ? quive estis in armis ?
quove tenetis iter?" nihil illi tendere contra,
sed celerare fugam in silvas et fidere nocti.
obiciunt equites sese ad divortia nota
hinc atque hinc omnemque abitum custode coronant.
silva fuit late dumis atque ilice nigra 381
horrida, quam densi compleb&nt undique sentes;
rara per occultos lucebat semita calles.
Euryalum tenebrae ramorum onerosaque praeda
impediunt fallitque timor regione viarum. 385
Nisus abit. iamque imprudens €vaserat hostis
atque locos, qui post Albae de nomine dicti
Albani (turn rex stabula alta Latinus habebat),
ut stetit et frustra absentem respexit amicum :
" Euryale infelix, qua te regione reliqui ? 390
quave sequar, rursus perplexum iter omne revolvens
fallacis^ silvae ? " simul et vestigia retro ;
observata legit dumisque silentibus errat.
audit equos, audit strepitus et signa sequentum.
nee longum in medio tempus, cum clamor ad auris 395
pervenit ac videt Euryalum, quem iam manus omnis
fraude loci et noctis, subito turbante tumultu,
oppressum rapit et conantem plurima frustra.
quid faciat ? qua vi iuvenem, quibus audeat armis
eripere ? an sese medios moriturus in hostis 400
inferat et pulchram properet per volnera mortem?
"^ aggere Py\ '^^ silvis Py.
"0 aditum RVy\ "2 complerant PRF.
388 ducebat P*, known to Servius. ^8' lucos a*c.
'®^ resolves iP. *^^ hostis] ensis P, known to Servius,
138
AENEID BOOK IX
see the two turning away by a pathway to the left ;
and in the glimmering shadows of night his helm
betrayed the thoughtless Euryalus^ as it flashed back
the light. Not unheeded was the sight. From his
colunm shouts Volcens : " Halt, sirs ! Wherefore on
a journey ? Who are ye in arms ? Or whither are
ye going? " They essay no response, but speed their
flight to the wood and trust to night. On this side
and that the horsemen bar the well-known crossways,
and with sentinels girdle every outlet. The forest
spread wide with shaggy thickets and dark ilex;
dense briers filled it on every side ; here and there
glimmered the path through the hidden glades.
Euryalus is hampered by the shadowy branches and
the burden of his spoil, and fear misleads him in the
line of his path. Nisus gets clear ; and now, in heed-
less course, he had escaped the foe to the place
afterward styled Alban from Alba's name — at that
time King Latinus had there his stately stalls — when
he halted and looked back in vain for his lost friend.
"Unhappy Euryalus, where have I left thee.? Or
where shall I follow, again unthreading all the tan-
gled path of the treacherous wood ? " Therewith he
scans and retraces his footsteps, and wanders in the
sOent thickets. He hears the horses, hears the
shouts and signals of pursuit. Nor was the interval
long, when a cry reached his ears, and he sees
Euryalus, whom, now betrayed by the ground and
night and bewildered by the sudden turmoil, the
whole band is dragging away overpowered and strug-
gling violently in vain. What can he do? With
what force, what arms dare he rescue the youth?
Or shall he cast himself on his doom amid the foe,
and win mid wounds a swift and glorious death?
139
VIRGIL
ocius adducto torquens hastile lacerto,
suspiciens altam Lunam sic voce precatur :
" tu, dea, tu praesens nostro succurre labori,
astrorum decus et nemorum Latonia custos. 405
si qua tuis umquam pro me pater Hyrtacus aris mpr
dona tulit, si qua ipse meis venatibus^uxi
suspendive tholo aut sacra ad fastigia fixi^
hunc sine me turbare globum et rege tela per auras."
dixerat et toto conixus corpore ferrum 410
conicit. hasta volans noctis diverberat umbras
et venit aversi in tergum Sulmonis ibique
frangitur, ac fisso transit praeqordia ligno.
volvitur ille vomens calidum 3e pectore flumen
frigidus et longis singultibus ilia pulsat. 415
diversi circumspiciunt. hoc acrior idem
ecce aliud summa telum librabat ab aure.
dum trepidant, it hasta Tago per tempus utrumque,
stridens, traiectoque haesit tepefacta cerebro.
saevit atrox Volcens nee teli conspicit usquam 420
auctorem nee quo se ardens immittere possit.
^' tu tamen inter ea cab* do mihi sanguine poenas
persolves amborum'*' inquit; simul ense recluso
ibat in Euryalum. tum vero exterritus, amens,
conclamat Nisus, nee se celare tenebris 425
amplius aut tantum potuit perferre dolorem :
"me, me, adsum, qui feci, in me convertite ferrum,
o Butuli ! mea fraus omnis ; nihil iste nee ausus
nee potuit ; caelum hoc et conscia sidera testor ;
*°' altam lunam et MPy: altam ad lunam et RV: altam
lunam {without et) early editors. *^* adversi MPRy.
*i« acrius M^P^y^. *^' telum summa Py.
"» lit Py. "0 umquam M^.
140
AENEID BOOK IX
Quickly he draws back his arm with poised spear^
and looking up to the moon on high^ thus prays :
^^Thou goddess^ be thou present and aid our en-
deavour, O Latona's daughter, glory of the stars and
guardian of the groves ; if ever my father Hyrtacus
brought any gifts for me to thy altars, if ever I have
honoured^ thee with any from my own hunting,
have hung offerings in thy dome, or fastened them
on thy holy roof,^ grant me to confound yon troop,
and guide my weapons through the air.'* He ended,
and with all his straining body flung the steel. The
flying spear whistles through the shadows of night,
strikes the turned back of Sulmo, then snaps, and
with the broken wood pierces the midriff. Spouting
a warm torrent from his breast he rolls over chill in
death, and long gasps heave his sides. This way and
that they gaze round. All the fiercer, lo! he is
poising another weapon from the ear-tip. While
they hesitate, the spear goes whizzing through Tagus*
either temple, and lodged warm in the cloven brain.
Volcens storms with rage, yet nowhere espies the
sender of the dart, nor where to vent his rage.
" Yet thou, meanwhile, with thy hot blood, shalt pay
me vengeance for both," he cried, and as he spake,
rushed with drawn sword on Euryalus. Then indeed,
frantic with terror, Nisus shrieks aloud ; no longer
could he hide himself in darkness or endure such
agony: ^^On me — on me — here am I who did the
deed— on me turn your steel, O Rutulians ! Mine is
all the guilt ; he neither dared nor could have done
aught; this heaven be witness and the all-seeing
^ The word auxi has a special religious sense here, like
mactart.
• By fastigia is meant the gable-roof of the exterior, over
the entrance ; the tholiu is the domed interior.
141
1
VIRGIL
tantum infelicem nimium dilexit amicum." 430
talia dicta dabat^ sed viribus ensis adactus
transabiit costas et Candida pectora rumpit.
volvitur Euryalus leto, pulchrosque per artus
it cruor inque umeros cervix conlapsa recumbit :
purpureus veluti cum flos succisus aratro 435
languescit moriens^ lassove papavera collo
demisere caput, pluvia cum forte gravantur.
at Nisus ruit in medios, solumque per omnis
Volcentem petit, in solo Volcente moratur.
quern circum glomerati hostes hinc comminus atque
hinc / 440
proturbant. instat non setius ac rotat ensem
fulmineum, donee Rutuli clamantis in ore
condidit adverso et moriens animam abstulit hosti.
tum super exanimum sese proiecit amicum
confossus placidaque ibi demum morte quievit. 445
Fortunati ambo ! si quid mea carmina possunt,
nulla dies umquam memori vos eximet aevo,
dum domus Aeneae Capitoli immobile saxum
accolet imperiumque pater Romanus habebit.
Victores praeda Rutuli spoliisque potiti 450
Volcentem exanimum flentes in castra fcrebant.
nee minor in castris luctus Rhamnete reperto
exsangui et primis una tot caede peremptis,
Serranoque Numaque. ingens concursus ad ipsa
corpora seminecisque viros tepidaque recentem 455
caede locum et plenos spumanti sanguine rivos.
*'• transadibit iP; transadigit M*Py. rupit J2.
*« hostis P*.
*** tepidam M^: tepidum M^PR'y\ hnoion to Servius :
tepida 7*6c, Servius. recenti ^7^, hnovon to Servius.
**• pleno MP*, spumantis MPJR, Servius.
142
AENEID BOOK IX
stars! He but loved his hapless friend too well."
Thus was he pleading ; but the sword^ driven with
force^ has passed through the ribs and rends the
snowy breast. Euryalus rolls over in death ; athwart
his lovely limbs runs the bloody and his drooping
neck sinks on his shoulder : as when a purple flower^
severed by the plough^ droops in death ; or as pop-
pies, with weary neck, bow the head, when weighted
by some chance shower. But Nisus rushes amidst
them, and sole among all seeks Volcens, to Volcens
alone gives heed. Round him the foe cluster, and
on every side seek to hurl him back. Onward none
the less he presses, whirling his lightning blade,
till he plunged it full in the face of the shrieking
Rutulian, and, dying, bereft his foe of life. Then,
pierced through and through, he flung himself above
his lifeless friend, and there at length, in the peace
of death, found rest.
*^ Happy pair ! If aught my verse avail, no
day shall ever blot you from the memory of time, so
long as the house of Aeneas shall dwell on the Capi-
tol's unshaken rock, and the Father of Rome hold
sovereign sway L^
*^^ The victorious Rutulians, masters of 'plunder
and spoils, with tears bore lifeless Volcens to the
camp. Nor in that camp was the wailing less, when
Rhamnes was found dramed of life, and so many
chieftains slain in a single carnage, here Serranus,
and here Numa. A mighty throng rushes to the
dead and dying men, to the ground fresh with warm
slaughter and the full streams of foaming blood. In
^ By the domus Aeneae is meant not merely the Julian
house, but the Roman people. The pater Romamis refers to
the imperial line.
143
i
^^- ..-^.^t. v^Tz-.:* inter isr iraleamqoe iiitaitem
.. ^^j.. - r.-^:t« niia.tf»jas sudore receptas.
^. • • ^OM. J%*>* V sruirirebat luminc terras
_ . -.— ^^ hnoiiens Aurora cubiJe; 4.6O
_. ^ ^ r^. »i.a rfhus luce retectis,
,^r j^ *--vi» -» J%«. armis drcumdatus ipse,
^^ .i.. jt >.iriiJ;,^i^ a-*>e5 in proelia c(^t
^^ -^ ^1^ \«:^T.i<"i?e aciiiiiit ninxHibos iras.
^ ^-^-li- ' iSE miserabile) in hastis 4-65
'^ ^ . _ -Afij^t rc n?i.-"to ciamore sequuntar
^ «^ «^ .<.. *•- *~* t»uJ'^vu^^ »: parte sinistra
^^..^^ • .•.«v»u roiir -oi vx^ora oiniritur amni)
^_-»*.-^ »-^ t-iv»;C t4>4s*8ji t»: t»rrihas altis 470
-^.^. ^^>-. ^^uui n^^; nrwTii prae£ra movebant,
.. -^ ..:►*^^ i*i><^*'"^ »;-*Aom^ tiwrjTjtia tAbo.
» . - . V A -^^ w,..u4> > /^ I i rjitts pmruita per urbem
^ ^.^ "•* r n.5i^*'r<oiJ<" n-.'ii^ibitxir auris
^ . ^ s^04:*iiv m^sT'^w?' ^Jij.^r ossa reiiquit; 475
^^ .S5v .»^- ->-^ "^'» ^rvA:i,too»e pcnsa,
^ ,>c5j^ u «^ -* \m»>.*^ fc^v<js> at^ye a^rn^ina cuisu
. . .^ V..-. *<>» »^ x*"'*;^; T>*^n i.Va pericli
. . ^-. ^ ^v ttv iiv.« o»i^ 4i»i: i^hrsv* q^^estibus implet :
u ^v>,. A* *^-'^ »'«:^ jfess^v>x^^ tune «lle seneetae 481
^ » . M. x\xi.^v>^ YvVi.^^: ':::x;;::ere saolani,
v^ . V >vv \ s* > 55w5^:* iVT^-^ula mi$sum
^ ^ V, • v-»Ax*»ii jhks>C''*e »iita co|>ia matri ?
V. ?: * i^twyj .>fc.;^.X5^ OAte |\raeda Latinis 485
*i "ii^v.'e .V\ ^^: -r5>..< c» u. 558).
. . ^-.-v InS. .wi^^ .*.« A>x, nstitf by Bentiey and
AENEID BOOK IX
mutual converse they note the spoils^ Messapus'
shining helmet^ and the trappings won back with
much sweat.
**^ And now early Dawn, leaving the saffron bed
of Tithonus, was sprinkling her fresh rays upon the
earth ; ^ now the sun streamed in, now day unveiled
the world. Tumus, himself in armour clad, sum-
mons his men to arms, and each leader marshals to
battle his mailed lines, and whets their anger with
divers tales. Nay, on uplifted spears, O piteous
sight! they affix and follow with loud clamour the
heads, the very heads, of Euryalus and of Nisus. On
the rampart's left side — ^for the right is girded
by the river — the hardy sons of Aeneas have set
their opposing line, hold the broad trenches, and on
the high towers stand sorrowing, moved withal by
those uplifted heads, that, alas ! they know too well,
now dripping with dark gore.
*^' Meanwhile, winged Fame, flitting through the
trembling town, speeds with the news and steals to
the ears of Euryalus' mother. Then at once warmth
left her hapless frame : the shuttle is dashed from
her hands, and the thread unwound. Forth flies the
unhappy dame, and with a woman's shrieks and torn
tresses, makes madly for the walls and the foremost
ranks — ^heedless she of men, heedless of peril and of
darts ; then fills the sky with her plaints : " Is it
thus, Euryalus, that I see thee ? Thou that wert the
late solace of my age, couldst thou leave me alone,
cruel one ? Nor, when sent on such perilous errand,
might thy poor mother bid thee a last farewell?
Alas ! Thou liest in a strange land, given as prey to
the dogs and fowls of Latium ! Nor have I, thy
^ Repeated from A en, iv. 684-5.
145
VOL. II.
VIRGIL
alitibusque iaces ! nee te, tua funera, mater
produxi pressive oeulos aut volnera lavi,
veste tegens, tibi quam noctes festina diesque
urgebam^ et tela curas solabar anilis.
quo sequar? aut quae nunc artus avolsaque membra
et fiinus lacerum tellus habet? hoc mihi de te^ 491
nate^ refers ? hoc sum terraque marique secuta ?
figite me^ si qua est pietas^ in me omnia tela
conicite, o Rutuli^ me primam absumite ferro ;
aut tu, magne pater divum, miserere, tuoque 495
invisum hoc detrude caput sub Tartara telo,
quando aliter nequeo crudelem abrumpere vitam."
hoc fletu concussi animi, maestusque per omnis
it gemitus, torpent infractae ad proelia vires,
illam incendentem luctus Idaeus et Actor 500
Ilionei monitu et multum lacrimantis luli
corripiunt interque manus sub tecta reponunt.
At tuba terribilem sonitum procul aere canoro
increpuit ; sequitur clamor caelumque remugit.
accelerant acta pariter testudine Volsci 505
et fossas implere parant ac vellere vallum,
quaerunt pars aditum et scalis ascendere muros,
qua rara est acies interlucetque corona
non tam spissa viris. telorum efFundere contra fmpr
omne genus Teucri ac duris detrudere contis, 510
adsueti longo muros defendere bello.
saxa quoque infesto volvebant pondere, si qua
possent tectam aciem perrumpere, cum tamen omnis
ferre iuvat subter densa testudine casus.
*8« funera MSS.y Serviua, NoniuSy Donatiis, Macrohius:
funere conjectured by Bembo.
*»* primum PK ^oe peUere M^R. vallo M\
*^* iuvat F{in an erasure) : iubat P^: iubet P^: lubat M^:
libet M^n,
U6
AENEID BOOK IX
mother, led thee — ^thy corpse ^ — ^forth to burial, or
closed thine eyes, or bathed thy wounds, shroud^
ing thee with the robe which, in haste, night and
day, 1 toiled at for thy sake, beguiling with the loom
the sorrows of age.^ Whither shall I follow ? or what
land now holds thy mangled limbs and dismembered
body ? Is this all, my son, thou bringest back to me
of thyself? Is it this I have followed by land and
sea? Pierce me if ye have aught of feeling, on
me hurl all your weapons, O Rutulians ; destroy me
first with your steel ; or do thou, great Father of the
gods, be pitiful, and with thy bolt hurl down to hell
this hateful life, since in no wise else can I break
life's cruel bonds ! " At that wailing their spirits
were shaken, and a groan of sorrow passed through
all ; their strength is numbed and crushed for battle ;
and as thus she kindles grief, Idaeus and Hector,
bidden by Ilioneus and the weeping liilus, catch her
up and bear her in their arms within^
^^^ But the trumpet with brazen song rang out
afar its fearful call ; a shout follows and the sky
re-echoes. Forth the Volscians speed in even line,
driving on their tortoise-shield, and intent to fill the
moat and pluck down the palisade. Some seek
entrance, and essay to scale the walls with ladders,
where the line is thin, and light gleams through the
less dense ring of men. In return, the Teucrians
shower missiles of every sort, and thrust the foe
down with strong poles, trained by long warfare to
defend their walls. Stones too they rolled of deadly
weight, if haply they might break through the shel-
tered ranks ; but these, beneath their compact shield,
^ In ivafwMsra there is a pathetic correction of %t.
' She had been making a rich robe as a gift for her son,
but it could not even adorn his corpse.
147
L 2
VIRGIL
nee iam sufficiunt. nam qua globus imminet ingens^
immanem Teucri molem volvuntque ruuntque^ 5l6
quae stravit Rutulos late armorumque resolvit
tegmina. nee curant caeco contendere Marte
amplius audaces Rutuli^ sed pellere vallo
missilibus certant. 520
parte alia hoirendus visu quassabat Etruscam
pinum et fumiferos infert Mezentius ignis ;
at Messapus equum domitor^ Neptunia proles^
rescindit vallum et scalas in moenia poscit.
Vos, o Calliope^ precor, adspirate canenti^ 525
quas ibi tum ferro strages^ quae funera Turnus
ediderit^ quern quisque virum demiserit Oreo,
et mecum ingentis oras evolvite belli. 528
Turris erat vasto suspectu et pontibus altis, 530
opportuna loco, summis quam viribus omnes
expugnare Itali summaque evertere opum vi
certabant, Troes contra defendere saxis
perque cavas densi tela intorquere fenestras,
princeps ardentem coniecit lampada Turnus 535
et flammam adfixit lateri, quae phirima vento mpr
corripuit tabulas et postibus haesit adesis.
turbati trepidare intus frustraque malorum
velle fugam. dum se glomerant retroque residunt
in partem, quae peste caret, tum pondere turris 540
procubuit subito et caelum tonat omne fragore.
semineces ad terram, immani mole secuta,
confixique suis telis et pectora duro
transfossi ligno veniunt. vix unus Helenor
et Lycus elapsi : quorum primaevus Helenor, 545
«** in] ad Py\
••• et meministis enini) divae, et memorare potestis (= vii.
645) given by iS, biU omitted by most MSS.
*" adesis AOPy : adhaesis M*: adhessis £.
148
AENEID BOOK IX
delight to brave all chances. Yet now they fail ; for
where a massed throng threatens^ the Teucrians roll
up and hurl down a mighty mass^ that laid low the
Kutulians far and wide and broke their coverlet of
armour. Nor do the bold Rutulians care longer to
contend in blind warfare, but strive with darts to
clear the ramparts. Elsewhere, grim to behold,
Mezentius was brandishing his Etruscan pine and
hurls smoking brands ; while Messapus, the seed of
Neptune, tamer of horses, tears down the rampart
and calls for ladders to mount the battlements.^
^25 Do thou, O Callio|>e, thou and thy sisters, I
pray, inspire me while I sing, what slaughter, what
deaths, Tumus dealt on that day, and whom each
warrior sent down to doom ; and unroll with me the
mighty scroll of war.
*30 A tower loomed high above, with lofty gang-
ways,^ posted on vantage-ground, which all the
Italians strove with utmost strength to storm, and
with utmost force of skill to overthrow : the Tro-
jans in turn made defence with stones, and hurled
showers of darts through the open loopholes. First
Tumus flung a blazing torch and made fast its fire in
the side ; this, fanned by the wind, seized the planks
and lodged in the gateways it consumed. Within,
troubled and terrified, men vainly seek escape from
disaster. While they huddle close and fall back to
the side free from ruin, lo ! under the sudden weight
the tower fell, and all the sky thunders with the
crash. Half dead they come to the ground, the
monstrous mass behind them, pierced by their own
shafts, and their breasts impaled by the cruel splin-
ters. Scarcely do Helenor and Lycus alone escape —
Helenor in prime of youth j^ whom a Licymnian slave
* r/. Am. VII. 691. * See note on 170 above.
149
VIRGIL
Maeonio regi quern serva Licymnia furtim
sustulerat vetitisque ad Troiam miserat armis,
cnse levis nudo parmaque inglorius alba,
isque ubi se Turni media inter milia vidit,
hinc acies atque hinc acies adstare Latinas^ 550
ut fera, quae densa venantum saepta corona
contra tela furit seseque baud nescia morti
inicit et saltu supra venabula fertur,
baud aliter iuvenis medios moriturus in bostis
inruit et qua tela videt densissima tendit. 555
at pedibus longe melior Lycus inter et bostis
inter et arma fuga muros tenet altaque certat
prendere tecta manu sociumque attingere dextras.
quern Tumus pariter cursu teloque secutus
increpat bis victor : '^ nostrasne evadere, demens^ 560
sperasti te posse manus ? " simul arripit ipsum
pendentem et magna muri cum parte revellit ;
qualis ubi aut leporem aut candenti corpore cycnum
sustulit alta petens pedibus lovis armiger uncis^
quaesitum aut matri multis balatibus agnum 565
Martius a stabulis rapuit lupus, undique clamor
tollitur : invadunt et fossas aggere complent ;
ardentis taedas alii ad fastigia iactant.
Ilioneus saxo atque ingenti fragmine montis
Lucetium portae subeuntem ignisque ferentem, 570
Ematbiona Liger^ Corynaeum stemit Asilas^
bic iaculo bonus^ bic longe fallente sagitta^
Ortygium Caeneus^ victorem Caenea Tumus,
Turnus It3ni Cloniumque^Dioxippum Promolumque
et Sagarim et summis stantem pro turribus Idan, 575
"» ruit P^K »w dextra jB.
' He wae too young to win distinction, and therefore had
no device on his shield.
150
AENEID BOOK IX
had borne secretly to the Maieonian king^ and had
sent to Troy in forbidden arms, lightly accoutred
with naked sword and white shield, as yet unfamed.^
Soon as he saw himself in the midst of Turnus* thou-
sands, the Latin lines standing on this side, and
standing on that, like a wild beast that, hedged
about by the hunters' serried ring, rages against
their shafts, flings itself on the death foreseen,
and with a bound springs upon the spears — even so
the youth rushes to death amidst the foe, and where
he sees the weapons thickest, makes his way. But
Lycus, far swifter of foot, amid foes, amid arms,
gains the walls and strives to clutch the coping, and
reach the hands of his comrades. Him Tumus fol-
lowing alike with foot and spear, taunts thus in
triumph : " Fool, didst thou hope to escape our
hands ? " Therewith he seizes him as he hangs, and
tears him down with a mighty mass of wall : even as
when the bearer of Jove's bolt, as he soars aloft, has
swept away in his crooked talons some hare or snowy-
bodied swan; or as when the wolf of Mars^ has
snatched from the fold a lamb that its mother seeks
with much bleating. On all sides a shout goes up ;
on they press, and with heaps of earth fill up the
trenches ; some toss blazing brands on to the roofs.
Ilioneus lays Lucetius low with a rock, huge frag-
ment of a mountain, as, carrying fire, he nears the
gate. Liger slays Emathion, Asilas Corynaeus ; the
one skilled with the javelin, the other with the
arrow stealing from afar. Caeneus fells- Ortygius;
Tumus victorious Caeneus ; Turnus Itys and Clonius,
Dioxippus and Promolus, and Sagaris, and Idas, as he
stood on the topmost towers ; Capys slays Privcmus.
' Because Romulus and Remus, the offspring of Mars,
were suckled by a she -wolf.
151
VIRGIL
Privemum Capys. hunc primo levis hasta Themillae
strinxerat : ille manum proiecto tegmine demens
ad volnus tulit ; ergo alls adlapsa sagitta
et laevo infixa est lateri manus abditaque intus
spiramenta animae letali volnere rupit. 580
stabat in egregiis Arcentis filius armis^
pictus acu ehlamydem et ferrugine elarus Hibera^
insignis facie^ genitor quern miserat Arcens^
eductum matris luco S3niiaethia circum
flumina^ pinguis ubi €;.t placabilis ara Palici : 585
stridentem fundam positis Mezentius hastis
ipse ter adducta circum caput egit habena
et media adversi liquefacto tempora plumbo
difiidit ac multa porrectum extendit harena.
Tum primum bello celerem intendisse sagittam 590
dicitur, ante feras solitus terrere fugacis^
Ascanius^ fortemque manu fudisse Numanum^
cui Remulo cognomen erat^ Turnique minorem
germanam nuper thalamo sociatus habebat.
is primam ante aciem digna atque indigna relatu 595
vociferans tumidusque novo praecordia regno
ibat et ingentem sese clam ore ferebat :
" non pudet obsidione iterum valloque teneri,
bis capti Phryges, et morti praetendere muros ?
en qui nostra sibi bello conubia poscunt ! 600
quis deus Italiam, quae vos dementia adegit ?
^on hie Atridae nee fandi fictor Ulixes :
durum a^tirp^ genus natos ad flumina primum
deferimus saevoque gelu duramus et undis ;
venatu invigilant pueri silvasque fatigant^ 605
flectere ludus equos et spicula tendere comu ;
*'• adfixa Pjt Servius.
*•* matris 7, Macrolnua : Martis MPBh : matis e,
**• hastis] armis RyK
'•• morte Af*: Marti some inferior MS S,., accepted by Henry,
protendere M^. •** saevo] duro Py.
152
AENEID BOOK IX
Him Themillas' spear had first grazed lightly; he,
madly casting down his shield^ carried his hand to
the wound. So the arrow winged its way, and pin-
ning the hand to his left side, buried itself deep
within, and tore with fatal wound the breathing-ways
of life. The son of Arces stood in glorious arms, his
scarf embroidered with needlework, and bright with
Iberian blue — of noble form, whom his father Arces
had sent, a youth reared in his mother's grove about
the streams of Symaethus, where stands Palicus'
altar, gift-laden and gracious. But, dropping his
spears, Mezentius with tight-drawn thong thrice
whirled about his head the whizzing sling, with
molten bullet cleft in twain the temples of his op-
posing foe, and stretched him at full length in the
deep sand.
^^ Then first, 'tis said, Ascanius aimed his swift
shaft in war, till now wont to affright the fleeing
quarry, and with his hand laid low brave Numanus,
Remulus by surname, who but lately had won as
bride Turnus' younger sister. He stalked before the
foremost line, shouting words meet and unmeet to
utter, his heart puffed up with new-won royalty, and
strode forward in huge bulk, crying :
598 (e \yq yg j^Qi shamed, twice captured Phrygians,
again to be cooped within beleaguered ramparts, and
with walls to ward off death ? Lo ! these are they
who by the sword claim our brides for theirs ! What
god, what madness, has driven you to Italy ? Here
are no sons of Atreus, no fable-forging Ulysses ! A
race of hardy stock, we first bring our new-bom sons
to the river, and harden theip with the water's cruel
cold ; as boys they keep vigil *for the cKase, and tire
the forests ; their sport is to rein the steed and level
153
VIRGIL
at patiens operum parvoque adsueta iuventus
aut rastris terrain domat aut quatit oppida bello ;
omne aevum ferro teritur versaque iuvencum
terga fatigamus hasta^ nee tarda senectus 6lO
debilitat viris animi mutatque vigorem :
canitiem galea premimus^ semperque recentis
comportare iuvat praedas et vivere rapto.
vobis picta croco et fulgent! murice vestis,
desidiae cordi, iuvat indulgere choreis, 6l5
et tunicae manicas et habent redimicula mlitsae.
o vere Phrygiae, neque enim Phrjrges, ite per alta
Dindjma^ ubi adsuetis biforem dat tibia cantum ; .
tympana vos buxusque vocat Berecyntia matris
Idaeae : sinite arma viris et cedite ferro." 620
Talia iactantem dietis ac dira canentem
non tulit Ascanius, nervoque obversus equino
contendit telum diversaque bracchia ducens
constitit, ante lovem supplex per vota precatus :
" luppiter omnipotens, audacibus adnue coeptis. 625
ipse tibi ad tua templa feram soUemnia dona
et statuam ante aras aurata fronte iuvencum,
candentem pariterque caput cum matre ferentem,
iam cornu petat et pedibus qui spargat harenam."
audiit et caeli genitor de parte sereha 630
intonuit laevum, sonat una fatifer arcus.
effugit horrendum stridens adducta sagitta
perque caput Remuli venit et cava tempora ferro
traicit. ^' i, verbis virtutem inlude superbis !
•^° tarda] sera Servivs. •*' intendit Py» *'^ letifer Py.
•** et fiigit FHf Servius. adducta] adlapsa Py.
*•* transigit P^: transadigit It: transiit P*. i omitted M^R,
^ The Oriental mitra was like a bonnet, fastened with
ribbons. The ordinary tunic had no sleeves, cf. Aen. iv.
216.
154
AENEID BOOK IX
shafts from the bow ; but^ patient of toil, and in-
ured to want^ our youth tames earth with the hoe
or shakes cities in battle. All our life is worn with
iron's use ; with spear reversed we goad our bullocks*
flanks, and sluggish age weakens not our hearts'
strength nor changes our vigour. On white hairs
we press the helm : and we ever delight to drive in
fresh booty and live on plunder. But ye are clothed
in embroidered saffron and gleaming purple ; sloth Obvj^^. ^ ' «
is your joy, your delight is to indulge the dance ; •
your tunics have sleeves and your turbans ribbons.^
O ye Phrygian women, indeed ! — for Phrygian men
are ye not — ^go ye over the heights of Dind3m[ius,
where to accustomed ears the pipe utters music from
double mouths ! The timbrels call you, and the
Berecynthian boxwood of the mother of Ida : ^ leave
arms to men, and quit the sword."
®2i As thus he vaunts with words of ominous strain,
Ascanius brooked it not, but facing him, levelled his
shaft from the horse-hair string, and drawing his arms
wide apart paused, first invoking J(we thji/s vnth sup-
pliant vows: "Jupiter almighty, give assent to my
bold emprise ! My own hand shall bring thee yearly
gifts in thy temple, and set before thine altar a
bullock with gilded brow, snowy white, carrying his
head high as his mother, that already can butt with
horn and (Sni*spiirn with hoof the sand." The Father
heard, and from a clear space of sky thundered on
the left ; that instant rang the fatal bow. With aw-
ful whirr speeds forth the tight-drawn shaft, passes
through the head of Remulus, and cleaves with its
steel the hollow temples. "Go, mock valour with
* The pipe, timbrels, and boxwood flute were characteristics
of the worship of Cybele, which came from Phrygia, c/.
Aen. III. 111.
155
VIRGIL
»»
bis capti Phryges haec Rutulis responsa remittunt.'
hoc tantum Ascanius : Teucri clamore sequuntur 6S6
laetitiaque fremunt animosque ad sidera tollunt.
Aetheria turn forte plaga crinitus Apollo
desuper Ausonias acies urbemque videbat,
nube sedens^ atque his victorem adfatur lulum : 640
^^macte nova virtute, puer : sic itur ad astra^
dis genite et geniture deos. iure omnia bella
gente sub Assaraci fato ventUra resident ;
nee te Troia capit." simul haec efFatus ab alto
aethere se mittit, spirantis dimovet auras 645
Ascaniumque petit, formam turn Vertitur oris
antiquum in Buten. hie Dardanio Anchisae
armiger ante fuit fidusque ad limina custos ;
tum comitem Ascanio pater addidit. ibat Apollo
omnia longaevo similis^ vocemque coloremque 650
et crinis albos et saeva sonoribus arma,
atque his ardentem dictis adfatur lulum :
" sit satis^ Aenide, telis impune Numanum
oppetiisse tuis : primam hanc tibi magnus Apollo
concedit laud em et paribus non invidet armis : 655
cetera parce, puer, bello." sic orsus Apollo
mortalis medio aspectus sermone reliquit
et procul in tenuem ex oculis evanuit auram.
adgnovere deum proceres divinaque tela
Dardanidae pharetramque fuga sensere sonantem. 660
ergo avidum pugnae dictis et numine Phoebi
Ascanium prohibent, ipsi in certamina rursus
•« misit Py\ •*« forma PB.
«" albos] flavos E, «" aspectu MPB.
««i et] ac PB,
156 ^
AENEID BOOK IX
haughty words ! This answer the twice captured
Phrygians send back to the Rutulians." Thus only
spoke Ascanius. The Teucrians second him with
cheers, shout for joy, and lift their hearts to heaven.
^^ Then it chanced that iu the realm of sky long-
haired Apollo, ^^l^JPfenthroned, was looking down
on the Ausonian lines and town, and thus he ad-
dresses triumphant ICilus : "A blessing, child, on thy
young valour! So man scales the stars, O son of
gods and^ire of gods to be^! J|^ Rightly shall all wars,
that fate may bnng, sink beneath the house of Assa-
racus to rest ; nor can Troy contain thee/* So saying,
he darts from high heaven, parts the breathing gales,
and seeks Ascanius. Then he changes the fashion
of his features to those of aged Butes, who aforetime
was armour-bearer to Dardan Anchises, and trusty
watcher at his gate; thereafter the child's father
made him henchman to Ascanius. On strode Apollo,
in every wise like the old man, in voice and hue, in
white locks and savage-sounding arms, and spbaks
these words to fiery liilus : " Be it enough, son of
Aeneas, that beneath thy shafts Numanus has fallen
unavenged; this maiden glory great Apollo vouch-
safes thee, nor grudges the weapons that match his
own ; for the rest, my child, refrain from war." Thus
Apollo began, but while yet speaking, left the sight
of men and far away from their eyes vanished into
thin air. The Dardan princes knew the god, and his
heavenly arms, and heard his quiver rattle as he
flew. Therefore, at the behest and will of Phoebus,
they check Ascanius, eager though he was for the
* The **gods to be" are the future Caesars, descended
from Aeneas and Ascanius, who are of '* the house of
Assaracus.'' There is a reference in 642 f. to the closing of
the temple of Janus by Augustus in 29 B.C.
157
VIRGIL
succedunt animasque in aperta pericula mittunt.
it clamor totis jier propugnacula muris^
intendunt acris arcus ammentaque torquent. 665
sternitur omne solum telis, tum scuta cavaeque
dant sonitum flictu galeae^ pugna aspera surgit :
quantus ab occasu veniens pluvialibus Haedis
verberat imber humum^ quam multa grandine nimbi
in vada praecipitant,cum luppiter horridus Austris 670
torquet aquosam hiemem et caelo cava nubila rumpit. .
Pandarus et Bitias, Idaeo Alcanore creti,
quos lovis eduxit luco silvestris laera,
abietibus iuvene^ patriis et montibus aequos,
portam, quae ducis imperio commissa^ recludunt^ 675
freti armis, ultroque invitant moenibus hostem.
ipsi intus dextra ac laeva pro turribus adstant,
armati ferro et cristis capita alta corusci : '
quales aeriae liquentia flumina circum^
sive Padi ripis, Athesim seu propter amoenum, 680
consurgunt geminae quercus intonsaque caelo
attollunt capita et sublimi vertice niitant.
inrumpunt aditus Rutuli ut videre patentis.
continuo Quercens et pulcher Aquiculus armis
et praeceps animi Tmarus et Mavortius Haemon 685
agminibus totis aut versi terga dedere
aut ipso portae posuere in limine vitam.
tum magis increscunt animis discordibus irae
et iam collecti Troes glomerantur eodem
et conferre manum et procurrere longius audent. 690
Ductori Tumo, diversa in parte furenti
••' atflictu M: adflictu H: fluctu 7^; flictu P Servius.
•^* patriis iuvenea Py, •''• armis] animis Bentley.
•'* coruscant M. •'• Liquetia y*b*Cy Servius.
•** Marus M. •*• aut versi] aversi P^^.
•*• eodem] in unum R.
•*® manum] gradum Nonius, procedere Nonitis.
158 i
AENEID BOOK IX
fray, themselves fare to the fight again, and fling
their lives into gaping perils. The shout runs ft'om
tower to tower, all along the walls ; they bend their
eager bows and whirl their thongs.^ All the ground
is strewn with spears ; shields and hollow helms ring
as they clash ; the fight swells fierce ; mighty as the
storm that, coming from the west, beneath the rainy
Kid-stars lashes the ground ; thick as the hail that
storm-clouds shower on the deep, when Jupitef, grim
with southern gales, whirls the watery tempest, and
bursts the hollow clouds in heaven.
^■^2 Pandarus and Bitias, sprung from Alcanor of
Ida, whom the wood-nymph laera bore in the grove
of Jupiter — youths tall as their native pines and
hills — fling open the gate entrusted to them by their
captain's charge, and relying on their arms, freely
invite the foe to enter the walls. Themselves within,
to right and lefl, stand before the towers, sheathed
in iron, with waving plumes upon their lofty heads :
even as high in air beside the flowing streams,
whether on Padus' banks or by pleasant Athesis,
twin oaks soar aloft, raising to heaven their unshorn
heads and nodding their lofty crowns. In rush the
Rutulians when they see the entrance clear. Straight-
way Quercens and Aquicolus, beautiful in arms, and
Tmarus, reckless at heart, and Haemon, seed of
Mars, with all their columns are routed and turn to
flight, or in the very gateway lay down their life.
At this, wrath waxes fiercer in their battling souls,
and now the Trojans rally and swarm to the spot,
and venture to close hand to hand and make longer
sallies.
691 Xo Tumus the chief, as far away he storms and
^ The thong, fastened to the middle of the shaft, gave
impetus to the throw.
159
VIRGIL
turbantique viros, perfertur nuntius^ hostem
fervere caede nova et portas praebere patentis.
deserit inceptum atque immani concitus ira
Dardaniam ruit ad portam fratresque superbos. 695
et pnmum Antiphaten (is enim se primus agebat),
Thebana de matre nothum Sarpedonis alti^
coniecto sternit iaculo ; volat Itala comus
aera per tenerum stomaehoque iiifixa sub altum
pectus abit, reddit specus atri volneris undam 700
spumaatem et fixo femim in pulmone tepescit.
turn Meropem atque Erjmanta manu^ turn ster-
nit Aphidnum ;
turn Bitian ardentem oculis animisque frementem,
non iaculo^ neque enim iaculo vitam ille dedisset,
sed magnum stridens contorta phalarica venit, 705
fulminis acta modo^ quam nee duo taurea terga
nee duplici squama lorica fidelis et aura
sustinuit : conlapsa ruunt immania membra^
dat tellus gemitum et clipeum super intonat ingens.
talis in Euboico Baiarum litore quondam 710
saxea pila cadit^ magnis quam molibus ante
constructam ponto iaciunt, sic ilia ruinam
prona trahit penitusque vadis inlisSi recumbit ;
miscent se maria et nigrae attolluntur harenae ;
tum sonitu Prochy ta alta tremit durumque ctibile 715
Inarime lovis imperiis imposta Typhoeo.
Hie Mars armipotens animum virisque Latinis
addidit et stimulos acris sub pectore vertit
immisitque Fugam Teucris atrumque Timorem.
undique conveninnt, quoniam data copia pughae^ 720
"• quails P7. ^" Furorem PK
160
AENEID BOOK IX
confounds his foe^ comes news that the enemy^
flushed with fresh slaughter^ flings wide his gates.
He quits the work in hand^ and stirred with giant
fury, rushes to the Dardan gate and the haughty
brethren. And first Antiphates, for first came he,
the bastard son of tall Sarpedon by a Theban mother,
he slays with cast of javelin. Through the yielding
air flies the Itahan cornel-shaft, and lodging in the
gullet, runs deep into the breast ; the wound's dark
chasm gives back a foaming tide, and the steel
grows warm in the pierced lung. Then Meropes
and Erymas, then Aphidnus his hand lays low ; then
Bitias falls, fire in his eyes and rage in his heart, yet
not under a javelin — for not to a javelin had he
given his life — ^but with a mighty hiss a whirled pike
sped, driven like a thunderbolt. This not two bulls'
hides nor the trusty corslet with double scales of gold
could withstand. The giant limbs totter and fall ;
earth groans, and the huge shield thunders over him.
So on the Euboic shore of Baiae falls at times a rocky
mass, which, builded first of mighty blocks, men cast
into the sea : ^ so as it falls, it trails havoc, and
crashing into the waters finds rest in the depths ; the
seas are in turmoil and the black sands mount up-
ward; then at the sound lofty Prochyta trembles,
and Inarime's rugged bed, laid by Jove's command
above Typhoeus.
^^^ Hereupon Mars, the mighty in war, lent fresh
strength and valour to the Latins, and in their hearts
plied his eager goads, and let slip Flight and dark
Terror among the Teucrians. From all sides gather
the Latins, since scope for fight is given, and the god
^ A reference to the building of massive piers running out
into the sea, whether as a breakwater or as the foundation
of a projecting villa.
161
VOL. II. M
VIRGIL
bellatorque animo deus incidit.
Pandarus^ ut fuso germanum corpore cernit,
et quo sit fortuna loco^ qui casus agat res^
portam vi magna converso cardine torquet,
obnixus latis umeris^ multosque suorum 725
moenibus exclusos duro in certamine linquit ;
ast alios secum includit recipitque mentis^
demens^ qui Rutulum in medio non agmine regem
viderit inrumpentem ultroque incluserit urbi,
immanem veluti pecora inter inertia tigrim. 730 .
continuo nova lux oculis effulsit et arma
horrendum sonuere ; tremunt in vertiee cristae
sanguineae clipeoque micantia fulmina mittit.
adgnoscunt faciem invisam atque imnlania membra
turbati subito Aeneadae. tum Pandarus ingens 735
emieat et mortis fraternae fervidus ira
effatur : " non baec dotalis regia Amatae,
nee muris cohibet patriis media Ardea Turnum :
castra inimica vides ; nulla hinc exire potestas."
olli subridens sedato pectore Tumus : 740
" incipe, si qua animo virtus, et consere dextram :
hie etiam inventum Priamo narrabis Atthillem."
dixerat. ille rudem nodis et cortice crudb
intorquet summis adnixus viribus hastam :
excepere aurae ; volnus Saturnia lurio 745
detorsit veniens portaeque infigitur hasta.
" at non hoc telum, mea quod vi dextera versat,
effugies ; neque enim is teli nee volneris auctor."
sic ait et sublatum alte eonsurgit in ensem
et mediam ferro gemina inter tempora frontem 750
dividit impubesque immani volnere malas.
'" animos M\ "« cernit] vidit Py.
"» quis PEy\ '** magna M. '" offulsit M.
'w clipei Py\ mittunt PJRyK '" animi E.
''" versatj librat Py. '*^ is] es Py.
162 f|
-1
AENEID BOOK IX
of battle seizes on their souls. Pandarus^ when he
sees his brother's fallen form^ sees how fortune stands^
and what chance sways the daj^ with mighty effort
pushes with his broad shoulders and swings the gate
round on its hinge^ leaving many a comrade shut
outside the walls in the cruel fray ; but others he
encloses with himself^ welcoming them as on they
rush. Madman! not to have seen the Rutulian
prince bursting in amid the throng, and wantonly to
have. shut him within the town, like a monstrous tiger
among the helpless herds. Straightway a new light
flashed from Tumus* eyes and his armour rang terri-
bly ; the blood-red plumes quiver on his crest, and
lightnings shoot gleaming from his shield. In sud-
den dismay the sons of Aeneas recognize that hateful
rorm and those giant limbs. Then huge Pandarus
.springs forward, and, blazing with wrath for his
brothers death, cries: '^This is not Amata's bridal
palace, nor is it midmost Ardea, holding Tumus
within his native walls. A foeman's camp thou
seest ; no chance is there to escape hence." To him
Tumus, smiling with untroubled mood: ^^ Begin, if
thy heart has aught of courage, and close with me :
that here too an Achilles has been found shalt thou
bear word to Priam." He ended ; the other, striving
with all his might, hurls his spear, rough with knots
and unpeeled bark. The winds received it ; Saturnian
Juno turned aside the coming blow, and the spear
lodges in the gate. " But not from this weapon, that
my right arm wields amain, shalt thou escape; for
not such is he who brings weapon and wound." So
saying, he rises high upon his uplifted sword ; the steel
cleaves the brow in twain full between the temples,
and with ghastly wound severs the begfrdless cheeks.
163
M 2
VIRGIL
fit sonus^ ingenti concussa est pondere tellus ;
conlapsos artus atque arma cruenta cerebro
stemit humi moriens atque illi partibus aequis
hue caput atque illuc umero ex utroque pependit. 755
DifFugiunt versi trepida formidine Troes,
et si continuo victorem ea cura subisset^
rumpere claustra manu sociosque immittere portis^
ultimus ille dies bello gentique fuisset.
sed furor ardentem caedisque insana cupido 760
egit in adversos.
principio Plialerim et succiso poplite Gygen
excipit : hinc raptas fugientibus ingerit hastas
in tergum ; luno viris animumque ministrat.
addit Halym comitem et confixa Phegea parma, 765
ignaros deinde in muris Martemque cientis
Alcandrumque Haliumque Noemonaque Pryta-
nimque.
Lyncea tendentem contra sociosque vocantem
vibranti gladio conixus ab aggere dexter
occupat, huic uno deiectum comminus ictu 770
cum galea longe iacuit ciq>ut^ inde ferarum
vastatorem Amycum, quo non felicior alter
ungere tela manu ferrumque armare veneno,
et Clytium Aeoliden et amicum Crethea Musis,
Crethea Musarum comitem, cui carmina semper 775
et citharae cordi numerosque intendere nervis ;
semper equos atque arma virum pugnasque canebat.
Tandem ductores audita caede suorum
conveniunt Teucri, Mnestheus acerque Serestus,
palantisque vident socios hostemque receptum. 780
et Mnestheus: '^quo deinde fugam, quo ten-
ditis?" inquit.
'•* tergum My: tergus F^R.
'« confixiim APP^yy '«» dextra M\
'^•^ desectiim 7^. '®^ fuga P\ ■
164 ^
AENEID BOOK IX
There is a crash ; earth is shaken by the vast weight ;
d3dng^ he stretches on the ground his fainting limbs
and brain-bespattered armour^ while^ lo ! in equal
halves his head dangles this way and that from either
shoulder.
'^^^ The Trojans turn and scatter in hasty terror ;
and, if forthwith the victor had taken thought to
burst the bars perforce and let in his comrades at
the gates, that day had been the last for the war and
the nation. But rage and the mad lust of slaughter
drove him in fury on the foe in front. First he
catches Phaleris, and Gyges, whom he hamstrings ;
then, seizing their spears, he hurls them on the backs
of the flying crowd ; Juno lends strength and courage.
Halys he sends to join them and Phegeus, his shield
transfixed ; then, as, all unwitting, on the walls they
rouse the fray, Alcander and Halius, Noemon and
Prytanis. As Lynceus moves to meet him and calls
on his comrades he, from the rampart on the right,
with sweep of flashing sword, smites him ; severed
by a single close-dealt blow, his head with helmet
capped lay far away. Next fell Amycus, scourge
of beasts, whom none excelled in skill of hand to
anoint the dart and arm the steel with venom ; and
Clytius, son of Aeolus, and Cretheus, delight of the
Muses — Cretheus, the Muses' comrade, whose joy
was ever in song and lyre and in stringing of notes
upon the chords ; ever he sang of steeds and weapons,
of men and battles.
''^^ At last, hearing of the slaughter of their men,
the Teucrian captains, Mnestheus and gallant Seres-
tus, come up, and see their comrades scattered and
the foe within the gates. And Mnestheus : " Whither
then, whither, do ye bend your flight ? What other
165
VIRGIL
'^ quos alios muros^ quae iam ultra moenia habetis ?
unus homo et vestris, o cives, undique saeptus
aggeribus tantas strages impune per urbem
ediderit? iuvenum primos tot miserit Oreo ? 785
non infelicis patriae veterumque deorum
et magni Aeneae, segnes^ miseretque pudetque ? "
Talibus accensi firmantur et agmine denso
consistunt. Turnus paulatim excedere pugna
et fluvium petere ac partem, quae cingitur uiida. 790
acrius hoc Teucri clamore incumbere magno
et glomerare manum, ceu saevum turba leonem
cum telis premit infensis : at territus ille, .
asper, acerba tuens, retro redit et neque terga
ira dare aut virtus patitur, nee tendere contra 795
ille quidem hoc cupiens potis est per tela virosque.
haud aliter retro dubius vestigia Turnus
improperata refert et mens exaestuat ira.
quin etiam bis tum medios invaserat hostis,
bis confusa fuga per muros agmina vertit : 800
sed manus e castris propere coit omnis in unum,
nee contra viris audet Saturnia luno
sufficere : aeriam caelo nam luppiter Irim
demisit, germanae haud mollia iussa ferentem,
ni Turnus cedat Teucrorum moenibus altis. 805
ergo nee clipeo iuvenis subsistere tantum
nee dextra valet : iniectis sic undique telis
obruitur. strepit adsiduo cava tempora circum
tinnitu galea et saxis solida aera fatiscunt,
discussaeque iubae capitis nee sufiicit umbo 810
166
'" quaeve ultra ^7^ '^e nonne i/*.
"» pugnae PR, "' at] ac MM.
AENEID BOOK IX
walls^ what other battlements have ye now beyond ?
Shall one man^ my countrymen^ and he compassed
on every side by your ramparts^ unscathed deal such
carnage throughout the city ? Shall he send down
to death so many of our noblest youths ? Dastards !
have ye no pity, no shame, for your hapless country,
for your ancient gods, for great Aeneas ? "
^*s Kindled by such words, they take heart and
halt in dense array. Step by step Tumus withdraws
from the fight, making for the river and the part
encircled by the stream. All the more fearlessly
the Teucrians press on him with loud shouts and
mass their ranks— as when a crowd with levelled
spears beset a savage lion : but he, affrighted, yet
fierce and glaring angrily, gives ground, and neither
wrath nor courage lets him turn his back, nor yet,
fain though he be, can he make his way through
hunters and through spears. Even thus Turnus in
doubt retraces his unhurried steps, his heart seething
with rage. Nay, even then twice had he attacked
the foe, twice he drove them in flying rout along the
walls : but the whole host hastily gathers in a body
from the camp, nor durst Saturnian .Juno grant him
strength to oppose them, for Jupiter sent Iris down
through the sky from Heaven, charged with no gentle
behests for his sister,^ should Tumus leave not the
Teucrians* lofty ramparts. Therefore, neither with
shield nor sword-arm can the soldier hold his own ;
with such a hail of darts is he overwhelmed on all
sides. Round his hollow temples the helmet echoes
with ceaseless clash ; the solid brass gapes beneath
the rain of stones ; the horsehair crest is rent from
the head, and the shield's boss withstands not the
^ I.e. Juno, who is et aoror et cojiiimx {A en. i. 47).
167
VIRGIL
ictibus ; ingeuiinant hastis et Troes et ipse
fulmineus Mnestheus. turn toto corpore sudor
liquitur et piceum (nee respirare potestas)
flumen agit^ fessos quatit aeger anhelitus artus.
turn demum praeceps saltu sese omnibus armis 815
in fluviirai dedit. ille suo cum gurgite flavo
accepit venientem ac mollibus extulit undis
et laetum sociis abluta caede remisit.
*** aeger] acer known to Servius. *^* flavo] vasto PyK
168
AENEID BOOK IX
blows: the Trojans and Mnestheus himself^ with
lightning force^ launch a storm of spears. Then o*er
all his body • flows the sweat and runs in pitchy
stream^ nor has he breathing space; and a sickly
panting shakes his wearied limbs. Then at lengthy
with headlong leap^ he plunges in full armour into
the river. Tiber with his yellow flood received him
as he came^ uplifted him on buoyant waters^ and^
washing away the carnage, returned the joyous hero
to his comrades.
169
LIBER X
Panditur interea domus omnipotentis Olympi mprv
conciliumque vocat divum pater atque hominum rex
sideream in sedem^ terras unde arduus omnis
castraque Dardanidum aspectat populosque Latinos,
considunt tectj^s bipatentibus^ incipit ipse : 5
" caelieolae magni, quianam sententia vobis
versa retro tantumque animis certatis iniquis ?
abnueram bello Italiam concurrere Teucris.
quae contra vetitum diseordia ? quis metus aut hos
aut hos arma sequi ferrumque lacess^re suasit ? 10
adveniet iustum pugnae, ne arcessite, tempus,
cum fera Karthago Romanis arcibus olim
exitium magnum atque Alpis immittet apertas :
tum certdre odiis, tum res rapuisse licebit.
nunc sinite et placitiim laeti componite foedus." 15
luppiter haec paucis, at non Venus aurea contra
pauca refert :
" o pater, o hominum rerumque aeterna potestas
(namque aliud quid sit, quod iam implorare queamus ?)
cernis, ut insultent Rutuli, Turnusque feratur 20
per medios insignis equis tumidusque secundo
Marte ruat ? non clausa tegunt iam moenia Teucros :
* spectat P*7. ^^ adveniat 7. ^* laeti placidum M.
** feratur . . . tumidusque omitted M\ *• claustra M\
^ The palace of Olvmpus has doors at the east and west
ends. Through the former comes the sun at dawn ; through
the latter it returns at night,
170
BOOK X
f
Meanwhile there is thrown open the palace of omni-
potent Olympus, and the Sire of gods and King of
men calls a council to his starry dwelling, whence,
high-throned, he surveys all lands, the Dardan camp,
and the Latin peoples. Within the double-doored
hall ^ they take their seats, and the king begins :
^ " Mighty sons of Heaven, wherefore is your judg-
ment reversed, and why strive ye with hearts so dis-
cordant ? I had forbidden Italy to clash in war with
Troy. What feud is this, in face of my command ?
What terror has bidden these or those to rush to
arms and provoke the sword } There shall come —
hasten it not — a lawful time for battle, when fierce
Carthage shall one day let loose upon the heights of
Rome mighty destruction, and open upon her the
Alps.* Then shall it be lawful to vie in hate, then
to ravage ; now let be and cheerfully assent to the
covenant I ordain."
^^ Thus Jupiter in brief; but not briefly golden
Venus makes reply :
"O Father, O eternal sovereignty of men and
things — for what else can there be which we may yet
entreat i* — scest thou how insolent are the Rutulians,
and how Turnus fares elate through the midst upon
his chariot, and rushes in swollen pride along the
tide of war ? No longer do barred walls shelter the
* A reference to Hannibal's invasion of Italy in 218 B.C.
171
VIRGIL
quin intra portas atque, ips^s proelia miscent
aggeribus moerorum et inuDdant sanguine fossas.
Aeneas ignarus abest. numquamne levari 25
obsidione sines ? muris itefum imminet hostis
nascentis Troiae nee npn exercitus alter, mpr
atque iterum in Teucros Aetolis surgit ab Arpis
Tydides. equidem credo, mea volnera restant
et tua progenies mortajia demorgr arma. 30
si sine pace tua atque invitp numijie Troes
Italiam petiere, luant peccata neque illos.
iuveris auxilio : sin tot responsa secuti,
quae Superi Manesque dabant, our nunc tua quisquam
vertere iussa potest aut cur nova condere fata? 3'5
quid repetam exustas Erjcino in litore classis^
quid tempestatum regeni ventosque furentis
Aeolia excitos aut actam nubibus Irim ?
nunc etiam Manis (haec intempjtata manebat
sors rerum) movet et superis immissa repente 40
AUecto, medias Italum baccbata per urbes.
nil super imperio moveor ; speravimus ista,
dum fortuna fuit ; vincant quos vincere mavis.
si nulla est regio, Teucris quam det tua coniunx
dura, per eversae, genitor, fumantia Troiae 45
excidia obtestor, liceat dimittere ab armis
incolumem Ascanium, liceat superesse nepotem.
Aeneas sane ignotis iactetur in undis
et, quamcumque viam dederit Fortuna, sequatur :
hunc tegere et dirae valeam subducere pugnae. 50
est Amathus, est celsa mihi Paphus atque Cythera
2* fossae ME. *• surget My.
*® sane] procul R. undis] oris F*yK *' quaciuuque P.
*i atque alta Cythera F*Jly\
172
AENEID BOOK X
Teucrians ; nay^ within the gates and even on their
Fampart heights they join battle, and flood the
trenches with gore. Aeneas, unwitting, is far away.
Wilt thou never suffer the leaguer to be raised.^
Once more a foe threatens the walls of infant Troy,
yea, a second host ; and once more against the Tro-
jans rises from his Aetolian Arpi a son of Tydeus.
Truly, methinks, my wounds are yet to come, and T,
thy offspring, delay a mortal spear.i If without thy
leave and despite thy deity, the Trojans have sought
Italy, let them expiate their sin, nor aid thou them
with succour. But if they have but followed all the
oracles, given by gods above and gods below, why is
any one now able to overthrow thy bidding or why
to build the fates anew.'' Why should I recall the
fleet burned on the strand of Eryx?^ Why the
king of storms, and his raging gales roused from
Aeolia,* or Iris wafted from the clouds? Now she
even stirs the shades — ^this quarter of the world was
yet untried — and Allecto, launched of a sudden on
the upper world, raves through the midst of Italian
towns. I reck naught of empire ; that was my hope,
while Fortune stood ; let them win whom thou wouldst
have win. If there is no country for thy relentless
consort to bestow upon the Teucrians, by the smoking
ruins of desolate Troy, I beseech thee, O Father, let
me dismiss Ascanius from arms' unscathed — ^let my
grandson still live ! Aeneas, indeed, may well be
tossed on unknown waters, and follow Fortune, what
path soever she point out : this child let me avail to
shield and withdraw from the dreadful fray. Amathus
is mine, mine high Paphus and Cythera, and Idalia's
* Diomede, son of Tydeus, wounded Venus when she
rescued Aene^is. See Homer, Ilidd, v. 336.
* cf. Aen. V. 604 sq. ' cf. Aen. i. 50 sq.
173
VIRGIL
Idaliaeque domus : positis inglorius armis
exigat hie aevum. magna dicione iubeto mprv
Karthago premat Ausoniam : nihil urbibus inde
obstabit Tyriis. quid pestem evadere belli 55
iuvit et Argolicos medium fugisse per ignis^
totque maris vastaeque exhausta pericula terrae,
dum Latium Teucri recidivaque Pergama quaerunt ?
non satius^ cineres patriae insedisse supremos
atquesolum^quoTroiafuit? Xanthum et Simoenta 60
redde, oro, miseris iterumque revolvere casus
da, pater, Iliacos Teucris." turn regia luno
acta furore gravi : ^' quid me alta silentia cogis
rumpere et obductum verbis volgare dolorem ?
Aenean hominum quisquam divumque subegit 65
bella sequi aut liostem regi se inferre Latino ?
Italiam petiit fatis auctoribus : esto ;
Cassandrae impulsus furiis : num linquere castra
hortati sumus aut vitam committere ventis ?
num puero summam belli, num credere muros, 70
Tyrrhenamque fidem aut gentis agitare quietas ?
quis deus in fraudem, quae dura potentia nostra
egit ? ubi hie luno demissave nubibus Iris ?
indignum est Italos Troiam circumdare flammis
nascentem et patria Turnum consistere terra, 75
cui Pilumnus avus, cui diva Venilia mater :
quid face Troianos atra vim ferre Latinis,
arva aliena iugo premere atque avertere praedas ?
quid soceros legere et gremiis abducere pactas, mpr
pacem orare manu, praefigere puppibus arma ? 80
** exiget F. *• patriae cioeres Py.
'* -que] -ve BV, '• nostri M\
174
AENEID BOOK X
shrine : here^ laying arms aside^ let him live out his
inglorious days ! Bid Carthage in mighty sway crush
Ausonia ; from her shall come no hindrance to Tyrian
towns. What has it availed to escape the plague of
war, to have fled through the midst of Argive fires,
to have exhausted all the perils of sea and desolate
lands, while his Teucrians seek Latium and a new-
bom Troy ? Were it not better to have settled on
the last ashes of their country, and the soil where
once was Troy? Restore, I pray, Xanthus and
Simois to a hapless people, and let the Teucrians
retrace once more the woes of Ilium ! *'
^2 Then royal Juno, spurred by fierce frenzy :
" Why forcest thou me to break my deep silence and
publish to the world my hidden sorrow? Did any
man or god constrain Aeneas to seek war and advance
as a foe upon King Latinus ? ' He sought Italy at
the call of Fate.' So be it— driven on by Cassandra's
raving ! Did I urge him to quit the camp, or entrust
his life to the winds ? To commit the issue of war,
the charge of battlements, to a child ? To tamper
with Tyrrhene faith or stir up peaceful folk?
What god, what pitiless power of mine drove him to
his harm ? Where in this is Juno, or Iris sent down
from the clouds? Ay, 'tis shameful that Italians
should gird thy infant Troy with flames, and that
Tumus set foot on his native soil — Turnus, whose
grandsire is Pilumnus, whose mother divine Venilia I
But what that the Trojans with smoking brands assail
the Latins, that they set their yoke upon the fields
of others, and drive off the spoil ? What that they
choose whose daughters they shall wed, and drag
from her lover's breast the plighted bride ? ^ That
they proflfer peace with the hand but array their
^ The reference is to Aeneas, suing for the hand of Lavinia.
175
VIRGIL
tu potes Aenean manibus subducere Graium
proque viro nebulam et ventos obtendere inanis^
et potes in totidem classem convertere nymphas :
nos aliquid Rutulos contra iuvisse nefandum est ?
Aeneas ignarus abest : ignarus et absit. 85
est Paphus Idaliumque tibi^ sunt alta Cythera :
quid gravidam bellis urbem et corda aspera temptas ?
nosne tibi fluxas Phrygiae res vertere fundo
conamur ? nos ? an miseros qui Troas Achivis
obiecit ? quae causa fiiit, consurgere in arma 90
Europamque Asiamque et foedera solvere furto ?
me duce Dardanius Spartam expugnavit adulter
aut ego tela dedi fovive cupidine bella ?
turn decuit metuisse tuis : nunc sera querellis
baud iustis adsurgis et inrita iurgia iactas." 9^
Talibus orabat luno, cunctique fremebant
caelicolae adsensu vario, ecu flamina prima
cum deprensa fremunt silvis et caeca volutant
murmura^ venturos nautis prodentia ventos.
tum pater omnipotens^ rerum cui prima potestas^ 100
infit (eo dicente deum domus alta silescit
et tremefacta solo tellus^ silet arduus aether^
tum Zephyri posuere, premit placida aequora pontus) :
" accipite ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta.
quandoquidem Ausonios coniungi foedere Teucris 1 05
baud licitum nee vestra capit discordia finem :
quae cuique est fortuna liodie^ quam quisque
secat spem^
®' classes M, *®<* prima] summa M*Py*.
*^* Ausoniis P*7*. Teucros PyK
*•• licitum est if, Senyiua,
176
AENEID BOOK X
ships with armour ? Thou hast power to steal Aeneas
from Grecian hands^ and in place of a man to offer
them mist and void air^ and thou hast power to turn
their fleet into as many nymphs:^ but that we in
turn have given some aid to the Rutuli^ is that mon-
strous ? ' Aeneas unwitting is far away * ; unwitting
and far away let him be ! ' Paphus is thine^ Idalium^
and high Cythera ' : why meddle with savage hearts^
and a city teeming with war ? Is it I that essay to over-
throw from the foundation Phrygians tottering state ?
Is it I ? Or is it he who flung the hapless Trojans in
the Achaeans* path? What cause was there that
Europe and Asia should uprise in arms and break
bonds of peace by treachery ? Was it I that led the
Dardan adulterer to ravage Sparta ? Was it I that
gave him weapons or fostered war with lust ? Then
shouldst thou have feared for thine own; now too
late thou risest with unjust complaints^ and handiest
bickering words in vain."
^ Thus pleaded Juno, and all the celestial com-
pany murmured assent in diverse i^ase : even as when
rising blasts, caught in the forest, murmur, and roll
their dull moanings, betraying to sailors the oncoming
of the gale. Then the Father Almighty, prime
potentate of the world, begins : as he speaks, the
high house of the gods grows silent and earth trem-
bles from her base ; silent is high heaven ; then the
Zephyrs are hushed ; Ocean stills his waters into
rest.
104 <( Take therefore to heart and fix there these
words of mine. Since it may not be that Ausonians
and Teucrians join alliance, and your disunion
admits no end, whatever the fortune of each to-day,
whatever the hope each pursues, be he Trojan or be he
1 cf. Aen. IX. 80 sq.
177
VOL. II. N
VIRGIL
Tros Rutulusve fuat, nuUo discrimine habebo,
seu fatis Italum castra obsidione tenentur
si ve errore malo Troiae monitisque sinistris. 110
nee Rutulos solve, sua cuique exorsa laborem
fortunamque ferent. rex luppiter omnibus idem ;
fata viam invenient." Stygii per flumina fratris,
per pice torrentis atraque voragine ripas
adnuit et totum nutu tremefecit Olympum. 115
hie finis fandi. solio tum luppiter aureo
surgit^ caelicolae medium quern ad llmina ducunt.
Interea Rutuli portis circum omnibus instant
sternere caede viros et moenia cingere flammis.
at legio Aeneadum vallis obsessa tenetur, 120
nee spes ulla fugae. miseri stant turribus altis
nequiquam et rara muros cinxere corona.
Asius Imbrasides Hicetaoniusque Thymoetes
Assaracique duo et senior cum Castore Thymbris
prima acies ; hos germani Sarpedonis ambo, 1 25
et Clarus et Thaemon, Lycia comitantur ab alta.
fert ingens toto conixus corpore saxum^
baud partem exiguam montis^ Lyrnesius Acmon,
nee Clytio genitore minor nee fratre Menestheo.
hi iaculis^ illi certant defendere saxis 130
molirique ignem nervoque aptare sagittas.
ipse inter medios. Veneris iustissima cura,
Dardanius caput, ecce, puer detectus honestum,
qualis gemma micat, fulvum quae dividit aurum,
aut collo decus aut capiti, vel quale per artem 135
inclusum buxo aut Oricia terebintho
lucet ebur ; fusos cervix cui lactea crinis
^^^ monitisve Py^. ^^^ quisque iP.
i2« alta] Ida ^7^. ^^'' cervix fusos Py,
178
AENEID BOOK X
Rutulian^ no distinctioi) shall I make^ whether it be
Italy's fate that holds the camp in leaguer, or Troy's
baneful error and misleading prophecies. Nor do I
free the^ Rutulians.^ Each one's own course shall
bring him weal or woe. Jupiter is king over all alike ;
the fates shall find their way." By the waters of his
Stygian brother, by the banks that seethe with pitch
and black swirling waters, he nodded assent, and
with the nod made all Olympus tremble. So passed
the parley. Then from his golden throne rose Jupiter,
and the celestial company gather round and escort
him to the threshold.
^^* Meanwhile, about every gate the Rutulians
press on, to slaughter the foe with the sword, and
to gird the ramparts with flame. But the host of the
Aeneadae is held pent within the palisades, and
hope of escape is none. Forlorn and helpless they
stand on the high towers, and girdle the walls with
scanty ring. Asius, son of Imbrasus, and Thymoetes,
son of Hicetaon, and the two Assaraci, and Castor,
and old Thymbris are the foremost rank ; at their
side are Sarpedon's two brothers, Clarus and Thae-
mon, come from lofty Lycia. One, straining his
whole frame, uplifts a giant rock, no scant frag-
ment of a mount, even Acmon of Lyrnesus, huge as
his father Clytius, or his brother Mnestheus. Some
with darts and some with stones, they strive to ward
off the foe, and hurl fire and fit arrows to the string.
In their midst, lo ! the Dardan boy himself, Venus'
most rightful care, his comely head uncovered, glit-
ters like a jewel inset in yellow gold to adorn or
neck or head, or as ivory gleams, skilfully inlaid in
boxwood or Orician terebinth ; his milk-white neck
^ i.e. from obligations. Jupiter's decree is to bind them as
well as the Trojans.
179
N 2
VIRGIL
accipit et molli subnectit circulus auro.
te quoque magnanimae viderunt. Ism are, gentes,
volnera derigere et calamos armare veneno, 14«0
Maeonia generose domo, ubi pinguia culta
exercentque viri Pactolusque inrigat auro.
adfuit et Mnestheus, quem pulsi pristina Turni
aggere murorum sublimem gloria toUit^
et Capys : hinc nomen Campanae ducitur urbi. 1 45
Illi inter sese dun certamina belli
eontulerant : media Aeneas freta nocte secabat.
namque ut ab Euandro castris ingressus Etruscis
regem adit et regi memorat nomenque genusque,
quidve petat quidve ipse ferat, Mezentius arma 150
quae sibi conciliet, violentaque pectora Tumi
edocet, human is quae sit fiducia rebus
admonet immiscetque preces : baud fit mora, Tarehon
iungit opes foedusque ferit ; tum libera fati
elassem eonscendit iussis gens Lydia divum, 155
extemo commissa duci. Aeneia puppis
prima tenet, rostro Phrygios subiuncta leones ;
imminet Ida super, profugis gratissima Teucris.
hie magnus sedet Aeneas secumque volutat
eventus belli varios, Pallasque sinistro l60
adfixus lateri iam quaerit sidera, opacae
noctis iter, iam quae passus terraque marique.
Pandite nunc Helicona, deae, cantusque movete,
i«» subnectens M^PR. ^" fails Serviua,
^•3 monete ^7^.
1 cf. Aen. VIII. 503. Now that they have a foreign leader,
fate will not oppose them.
180
AENEID BOOK X
receives his streaming locks^ clasped in circlet of
pliant gold. Thee^ too^ Ismarus^ thy high-souled
clansmen saw aiming wounds and arming shafts with
venom^ thou noble scion of a Lydian house^ where men
till rich fields and Pactolus waters them with gold.
There too was Mnestheus^ whom yesterday's triumph
of thrusting Turnus from the rampart heights exalts
to the stars ; and Capys^ from whom comes the name
of the Campanian city.
^** Thus they had clashed in stubborn warfare's
conflict: and Aeneas at midnight was cleaving the
seas. For soon as^ leaving Evander and entering the
Tuscan camp^ he meets the king^ and to the king an-
nounces his name and his race^ the aid he seeks^ and
the aid he himself offers ; informs him of the forces
Mezentius is gathering to his side^ and the violence
of Turnus' spirit ; then warns him, what faith may be
put in things human^ and with pleas mingles entrea-
ties— without delay Tarchon joins forces and strikes
a treaty ; then, freed from Fate,^ the Lydian people
embark under heaven's ordinance, entrusting them-
selves to a foreign leader. Aeneas' ship leads the
van with Phrygian lions beneath her beak, above
them, towering Ida, sight most welcome to Trojan
exiles.^ There sits great Aeneas, pondering the
changing issues of war ; and Pallas, clinging close to
his left side, asks him now of the stars, tlieir guide
through darksome night, and now of his trials by
land and sea.
168 Now fling wide Helicon, ye goddesses, and
wake your song — what host comes the while with
^ The ship's figare-hoad is a representation of Mount Ida
(doubtless the mountain-god), while below it are the lions of
Cybele. {qf. jx. SO aq.)
181
VIRGIL
quae manus interea Tuscis comitetur ab oris
Aenean armetque rates pelagoque vehatur. 1 65
Massicus aerata princeps secat aequora Tigris
sub quo mille manus iuvenum^ qui moenia Clusi
quique urbem liquere Cosas^ quis tela sagittae
gorytique leves umeris et letifer areus.
una torvus Abas : huic totum insignibus armis 1 70
agmen et aurato fulgebat ApoUine puppis.
sescentos illi dederat Populonia mater
expertos belli iuvenes, ast II va trecentos
insula^ inexhaustis Chalybum generosa metallis.
tertius ille hominum divumque interpres Asilas^ 1 75
cui peeudum fibrae^ caeli cui sidera parent
et linguae volucrum et praesagi fulminis ignes^
mille rapit densos acie atque horrentibus hastis.
hos parere iubent Alpheae ab origine Pisae^
urbs Etrusca solo, sequitur pulcherrimus Astyr, 180
Astyr equo fidens et versicoloribus armis.
ter centum adiciunt (mens omnibus una sequendi),
qui Caerete domo, qui sunt Minionis in arvis, mprv
et Pyrgi veteres intempestaeque Graviscae.
/y Non ego te, Ligurum ductor fortissime bello, 185
. Jy transierim, Cinyre^ et paucis comitate Cupavo,
cuius olorinae surgunt de vertice pinnae
(crimen. Amor, vestrum) formaeque insigne paternae.
namque ferunt luctu Cycnum Phaethontis amati,
populeas inter frondes umbramque sororum 1 90
dum canit et maestum musa solatur amorem,
^•* Cosam PK ^^® hastis] armis ^7^
^" Alphea Mj Priscian.
**• Cinire Vy^h^c*: Cinyrae M : cinera P: ciuere yhK
* The Chalybes were famous workers of iron ; cf. Aen.
VIII. 420.
' i.e. to thee, Love, and thy mother, Venus. Cycnus,
father of Cupavo, loved Pha^thon, and was a witness of this
182
AENEID BOOK X
Aeneas from the Tuscan shores, arming the ships
and riding o'er the sea.
1^ At their head Massicus cleaves the waters in
the bronze-plated Tiger : under him is a band of a
thousand youths, who have left the walls of Clusium
and the city of Cosae ; their weapons arrows, light
quivers on the shoulders, and deadly bows. With
him is grim Abas, all his train in dazzling armour,
his vessel gleaming with a gilded Apollo. To him
Populonia had given six hundred of her sons, all
skilled in war, but II va three hundred — ^an island
rich in the Chalybes* inexhaustible mines. ^ Third
comes Asilas, famous interpreter between gods and
men, whom the victims* entrails obey, and the stars
of heaven, the tongues of birds and prophetic light-
ning fires. A thousand men he hurries to war in
serried array and bristling with spears. These Pisa
bids obey him — city of Alphean birth, but set in
Tuscan soil. Then follows Astyr, of wondrous beauty
— Astyr, relying on his steed and many-coloured
arms. Three hundred more — all of one soul in fol-
loMdng — come from the men who have their home in
Caere and in the plains of Minio, in ancient Pyrgi,
and fever-stricken Graviscae.
185 jiJqj. would I pass thee by, O Cinyras, bravest
in war of Ligurian captains, or thee, Cupavo, with
thy scanty train, from whose crest rise the swan-
plumes — a reproach, O Love, to thee and thine ^ —
even the badge of his father s form. For they tell
that Cycnus, in grief for his loved Phaethon, while he
is singing and with music solacing his woeful love
amid the shade of his sisters' leafy poplars, drew
youth*s destruction by Jupiter. Being plunged into grief,
he was transformed into a swan. The sisters of Phaethon
were at the same time changed into poplars.
183
VIRGIL
caiientem molli pluma duxisse senectaui^
linquentem terras et sidera voce sequentem.
filius^ aequalis comitatus classe catervas^
ingentem remis Centaurum promovet : ille 195
instat aquae saxumque undis immane minatur
arduus^ et longa sulcat maria alta carina.
Ille etiam patriis agmen ciet Ocnus ab oris^
fatidicae Mantus et Tusci filius amnis^
qui muros matrisque dedit tibi^ Mantua^ nomen^ 200
Mantua^ dives avis^ sed non genus omnibus unum :
gens illi triplex, populi sub gente quaterni,
ipsa caput populis^ Tusco de sanguine vires,
hinc quoque quingentos in se Mezentius armat,
quos patre Benaco velatus harundine glauca 205
Mincius infesta ducebat in aequora pinu.
it gravis Aulestes centenaque arbore fluctum
verberat adsurgens ; spumant vada marmore verso,
hunc vehit immanis Triton et caerula concha mpr
exterrens freta, cui laterum tenus hispida nanti 210
frons hominem praefert, in pristim desinit alvus ;
spumea semifero sub pectore murmurat unda.
tot lecti proceres ter denis navibus ibant
subsidio Troiae et cam{>os salis aere secabant.
lamque dies caelo concesserat almaque curru 215
noctivago Phoebe medium pulsabat Olympum :
Aeneas (neque enim membris dat cura quietem)
ipse sedens clavumque regit velisque miiiistrat.
"* aequaU M^. "« illis V. '^^ flactus iJ.
* In the territory of Mantua were three races, each master
of four cities. Once head of a confederacy of twelve Tuscan
184
AENEID BOOK X
over his form the soft plumage of hoary eld^ leaving
earth and seeking the stars with his cry. His son^
following on ship-board with a band of like age,
drives with oars the mighty Centaur ; over the water
towers the monster, and threatens to hurl a monstrous
rock into the waves from above, while with long
keel he furrows the deep seas.
198 Yonder, too, Ocnus summons a host from his
native shores, son of prophetic Manto and the Tuscan
river, who gave thee, O Mantua, ramparts and his
mother's name — Mantua, rich in ancestry, yet not
all of one stock : three races are there, and under
each race four peoples : ^ herself the head of the
peoples, her strength .from Tuscan blood. Hence,
too, Mezentius arms five hundred against himself,^
whom Mincius, child of Benacus, crowned with gray
sedge, leads over the seas in their hostile ships of
pine. On comes Aulestes heavily, lashing the waves
as he rises to the stroke of a hundred oars; the
waters foam as the surface is uptom. He sails in
the huge Triton, whose shell affrights the blue billows :
its shaggy front, as it floats, shows a man down to
the waist, its belly ends in a fish ; beneath the mon-
ster's breast the wave gurgles in foam. So many the
chosen chiefs who sailed in thrice ten ships to the
succour of Troy, and cut the briny plains with brazen
beak.
21^ And now day had passed from the sky and
gracious Phoebe was trampling mid-heaven with her
night-roving steeds ; Aeneas, for care allows no rest
to his limbs, sat at his post, his own hand guiding
the rudder and tending the sails. And lo ! in mid
cities {ef. livy, v. 33), Mantua in the time of Pliny wa« the
only Tuscan city north of the Po.
' They had taken up arms against the tyrant.
185
VIRGIL
atque illi medio in spatio chorus, ecce, suarum
occurrit comitum : nymphae, quas alma Cybebe 220
numen habere maris nymphasque e navibus esse
iusserat, innabant pariter fluctusque secabant,
quot prius aeratae steterant ad litora prorae.
adgnoscunt longe regem lustrantque choreis.
'quarum quae fandi doctissima Cymodocea 225
pone sequens dextra puppim tenet ipsaque dorso
eminet ac laeva tacitis subremigat undis.
tum sic ignarum adloquitur : "vigilasne, deum gens,
Aenea ? vigila et velis immitte rudentis.
nos sumus, Idaeae sacro de vertice pinus, 230
nunc pelagi Nymphae, classis tua. perfidus ut nos
praecipites ferro Rutulus flammaque premebat,
rupimus invitae tua vincula teque per aequor
quaerimus. banc Genetrix faciem miserata refecit
et dedit esse deas aevumque agitare sub undis. 235
at puer Ascanius muro fossisque tenetur mprv
tela inter media atque horrentis Marte Latinos,
iam loca iussa tenet forti permixtus Etrusco
Areas eques ; medias illis opponere turmas,
ne castris iungant, certa est sententia Turno. 240
surge age et Aurora socios veniente vocari
primus in arma iube et clipeum cape, quem dedit ipse
invictum ignipotens atque oras ambiit auro.
crastina lux, mea si non inrita dicta putaris,
ingentis Rutulae spectabit caedis acervos." 245
dixerat, et dextra discedens impulit altam,
baud ignara modi, puppim : fugit ilia per undas
ocior et iaculo et ventos aequante sagitta.
*2i nomen Fy^, ^^^ quot] quae P*. puppis 3/*.
*'^ horrentis MR : orrentis 7*6 ; ardentis Py\
*'8 tenent MV. *** ipse] igni V*
2*6 spectabis MPy\ known to Servius,
186
AENEID BOOK X
course a band of his own company meets him, for
the njnmphs whom gracious Cybele had bidden be
deities of the sea, and turn from ships to nymphs,
came swimming abreast and cleaving the billows, as
many as the brazen prows that once lay moored to
shore. They know their king from afar, and encircle
him with dances. From among them, Cymodocea,
who was most skilled in speech, following behind,
grasps the stem with her right hand, and herself
rises breast high above the wave, while with her left
hand she oars her way upon the silent waters. Then
thus she accosts the prince, all unaware : " Wakest
thou, Aeneas, scion of gods ? Wake and fling loose
the sheets of thy sails. We — pines of Ida, from her
sacred crest, now nymphs of the sea — are thy fleet !
When the traitorous Rutulian was driving us head-
long with fire and sword, reluctant we broke thy
bonds, and are seeking thee over the main. This new
shape the Great Mother gave us in pity, and granted
us to be goddesses and spend our life beneath the
waves. But thy boy Ascanius is hemmed in by wall and
trench, in the midst of arms and of Latins, bristling
with war. Already the Arcadian horse, joined with
brave Etruscans, hold the appointed place ; to bar
their way with interposing squadrons, lest they ap-
proach the camp, is Turnus' fixed resolve. Up, then,
and with the coming dawn first bid thy friends be
called to arms, and take thou the shield which the
Lord of Fire himself gave thee — the shield invinci-
ble, and rimmed about with gold. To-morrow's
light, if thou deem not my words idle, shall look on
mighty heaps of Rutulian carnage." She ended, and
at parting, with her right hand she drove the tall
ship on, well knowing how; on it speeds over the
wave, fleeter than javelin and wind-swift arrow.
187
VIRGIL
inde aliae celerant cursus. stupet inscius ipse
Tros Anchisiades^ animos tamen omine tollit. 250
turn breviter supera aspectans convexa precatur :
^' alma parens Idaea deum, cui Dindyma cordi
turrigeraeque urbes biiugique ad frena leones,
tu mihi nunc pugnae princeps, tu rite propinques
augurium Phrygibusque adsis pede, diva, secundo."
tantum efFatus. et interea revoluta ruebat 256
matura iam luce dies noctemque fugarat.
Principio sociis edicit, signa sequantur
atque animos aptent armis pugnaeque parent se.
iamque in conspectu Teucros habet et sua castra^ 260
stans celsa in puppi, clipeum cum deinde sinistra
extulit ardentem. clamorem ad sidera tollunt mpr
Dardanidae e muris, spes addita suscitat iras,
tela manu iaciunt, quales sub nubibus atris
Strymoniae dant signa grues atque aetheratranant 265
cum sonitu, fugiuntque Notos clamore secundo.
at Rutulo regi ducibusque ea mira videri
Ausoniis, donee versas ad litora puppis
respiciunt totumque adlabi classibus aequor.
ardet apex capiti cristisque a vertice flamma 270
funditur et vastos umbo vomit aureus ignis :
non secus ac liquida si quando nocte cometae
sanguinei lugubre rubent, aut Sirius ardor
ille, sitim morbosque ferens mortalibus aegris,
nascitur et laevo contristat lumine caelum. 275
»" super M^PVyK «• rubebat P^K
"» a] ac PRy, *'* aerius M.
188
AENEID BOOK X
Then the rest quicken their speed. Marvelhng, the
Trojan son of Anchises is in amaze^ yet cheers his
soul with the omen. Then looking at the vault
above, he briefly prays : " Gracious lady of Ida,
mother of the gods, to whom Dindymus is dear, and
tower-crowned cities, and lions coupled to thy rein,
be thou now my leader in the fight, do thou duly
prosper the omen, and attend thy Phrygians, O god-
dess, with favouring step ! " Thus much he said ;
and meanwhile the returning day was rushing on
with fulness of light, and had chased away the
night.
2^* First he commands his comrades to follow his
signals, attune their hearts to combat and fit them-
selves for the fray. And now, as he stands on the
high stem, he had his Trojans and his camp in view,
when at once he lifted high in his left hand his
blazing shield. The Dardans from the walls raise a
shout to the sky ; fresh hope kindles wrath ; they
shower their darts amain — even as amid black clouds
Strymonian cranes give signal, while clamorously
they skim the air, and flee before the south winds
with joyous cries.^ But to the Rutulian king and
the Ausonian captains these things seemed marvel-
lous, till, looking back, they behold the shoreward-
facing stems, and the whole sea moving onward with
the ships. On the hero's head blazes the helmet-
peak, flame streams from the crest aloft, and the
shield's golden boss spouts floods of Are — even as
when in the clear night comets glow blood-red in
baneful wise ; or even as fiery Sirius, that bearer of
drought and pestilence to feeble mortals, rises and
saddens the sky with baleful light.
* Tbey are returning, at the end of winter, to their home
on the Strymon.
189
VIRGIL
Haud tamen audaci Turno fiducia cessit
litora praecipere et venientis pellere terra. 277
" quod votis optastis, adest^ perfringere dextra. 279
in manibus Mars ipse viris. nunc coniugis esto 280
quisque suae teetique inemor^ nunc magna referto
facta^ patrum laudes. ultro occurramus ad undam^ .
dum trepidi egressisque labant vestigia prima,
audentis Fortuna iuvat."
haec ait et secum versat, quos ducere contra 285
vel quibus obsessos possit concredere muros.
Interea Aeneas socios de puppibus altis
pontibus exponit, multi servare recursus
languentis pelagi et brevibus se credere saltu^
per remos alii, speculatus litora Tarchon^ 290
qua vada non spirant nee fracta remurmurat unda^
sed mare inofFensum crescent! adlabitur aestu,
advertit subito proras sociosque precatur :
'' nunc, o lecta manus^ validis incumbite remis ;
toUite, ferte rates ; inimicam findite rostris 295
banc terram^ sulcumque sibi premat ipsa carina,
frangere nee tali puppim statione recuso,
arrepta tellure semel.'' quae talia postquam
eflPatus Tarchon, socii consurgere tonsis
spumantisque rates arvis inferre Latinis^ 300
donee rostra tenent siccum et sedere carinae
omnes innocuae. sed non puppis tua, Tarchon.
namque inflicta vadis dorso dum pendet iniquo,
anceps sustentata diu^ fluctusque fatigat,
solvitur atque viros mediis exponit in undis ; 305
fragmina remorum quos et fluitantia transtra
impediunt retrahitque pedes simul unda relabens.
"« ( = IX. 127) omitted by MPy. ^ao yiri R,
*8i referte Py^, **' egressi Ry^ knoum to Sermus.
**^ sperat PRy, pre/erred by Serviua.
*•' proram 3f*; prora R. **' puppes PR.
'08 vadi P\ Probtis. »" pedem i/*.
190
AENEID BOOK X
276 Yet fearless Turnus lost not the firm hope, to
seize the shore first, and drive the coming foe from
land. "What in your prayers ye have craved, ye
now may do— break through with the sword ! The
war-god's self is in brave men's hands ! ^ Now let
each be mindful of his wife and home ; now recall
the great deeds, the glories of our sires ! Let us on
and meet them at the water's edge, while they are
con^sed, and their feet falter, as first they land.
Fortune aids the daring." So saying, he ponders
with himself whom to lead to the attack, or to whom
he may entrust the beleaguered walls.
287 Meanwhile Aeneas lands his crews from the
tall ships by gangways. Many watch for the ebb of
the spent sea, and boldly leap into the shallows;
others use oars. Tarchon, marking the shore where
the shallows heave not nor the broken billow roars,
but the sea, unchecked, glides up with spreading
flow, suddenly turns his prows thither and implores
his men : " Now, O chosen band, bend to your stout
oars! Uplift, drive on your barques; cleave with
your beaks this hostile shore, and let the keel her-
self plough a furrow. In such resting-place I shrink
not from shipwreck, so but once I win the land."
When Tarchon has thus spoken, his comrades rise
on to their oars, and drive their foaming ships upon
the Latin fields, till the beaks gain the dry land and
every hull comes to rest unscathed. But not thy
ship, Tarchon ; for while, dashing amid the shallows,
she hangs upon an uneven ridge, long poised in
doubtful balance, and wearies the waves, she breaks
up and plunges her crew amid the billows. Broken
oars and floating thwarts entangle them, while the
ebbing wave sucks back their feet.
* Or, reading viriy ** Comrades, Mars himself (= the battle
itself) is in your hands ! "
191
VIRGIL
Nee Tornum segnis retinet mora, sed rapit aeer
totam aeiem in Teueros et eontra in litore sistit.
signa canunt. primus turmas in vasit agrestis 310
Aeneas, omen pugnae, stravitque Latinos,
occiso Therone, virum qui maximus ultro
Aenean petit, huic gladio perque aerea suta,
per tunicam squalentem auro latus haurit apertum.
inde Lichan ferit, exsectum iam matre perempta 315
et tibi, Phoebe, sacrum, casus evadere ferri
quod licuit parvo. nee longe, Cissea durum
immanemque Gyan, sternentis agmina clava,
deiecit Leto : nihil illos Herculis arma
nee validae iuvere manus genitorque Melampus, 320
Alcidae comes usque gravis dum terra labores
praebuit. ecce Pharo, voces dum iactat inertis,
intorquens iaculum clamanti sistit in ore.
tu quoque, flaventem prima lanugine malas
dum sequeris Cljrtium infelix, nova gaudia, Cydon, 325
Dardania stratus dextra, securus amorum,
qui iuvenum tibi semper erant, miserande iaceres,
ni fratrum stipata cohors foret obvia, Phorci
progenies, septem numero, septenaque tela
coniciunt : partim galea clipeoque resultant 330
inrita, deflexit partim stringentia corpus
alma Venus, fidum Aeneas adfatur Achaten :
" suggere tela mihi : non ullum dextera frustra
torserit in Rutulos, steterunt quae in corpore Graium
Iliacis campis." tum magnam corripit hastam 335
et iacit : ilia volans clipei transverberat aera
Maeonis et thoraca simul cum pectore rumpit.
huic frater subit Alcanor fratremque ruentem
'*' quo F*y^: cui B, known to Servius.
**^ cum M\ '** clamantis MPy.
«" steterint M^.
192
AENEID BOOK X
^Nor does dull delay hold Tunius back, but
swiftly he sweeps his whole army upon the Trojans,
and plants it against them on the shore. The trum-
pets sound. First dashed Aeneas on the rustic
ranks— fair omen for the fight — and laid low the
I^atinSj slaying Theron, who in his might dared assail
the hero Aeneas. Driven through the brazen joints
and through tunic rough with gold, the sword drank
^rom his pierced side. Next he strikes Lichas, who
was cut from his dead mother's womb, and conse-
crated to thee, Phoebus, for that as a babe he was
suffered to escape the peril of the steel. Hard by,
he cast down to death sturdy Cisseus and giant Gyas,
as they with clubs laid low the ranks : naught availed
them the arms of Hercules, or their stout hands and
Melampus their sire — even Alcides' comrade, while
earth yielded him grievous travails. Lo ! as Pharus
fliugs forth idle words, he launches his javelin and
plants it in his bawling mouth. Thou, too, hapless
Cydon, while thou followest thy new delight, Clytius,
whose cheeks are golden with early down — thou
hadst fallen under the Dardan hand and lain, O
piteous sight, forgetful of all thy youthful loves, had
not thy brethren's serried band met the foe — chil-
dren of Phorcus, seven in number, and seven the
darts they throw. Some from helmet and shield
glance idly ; some, so that they but graze the body,
kindly Venus turned aside. Thus Aeneas speaks to
loyal Achates : " Bring me store of weapons ; none
shall my hand hurl at Rutulians in vain, of all that
once on Ilium's plains were lodged in bodies of the
Greeks.'* Then he seizes a great spear and hurls it ;
flying, it crashes through the brass of Maeon's shield,
rending corslet and breast at once. To his aid runs
up Alcanor, and with his right arm brother upholds
193
VOL. II. O
VIRGIL
sustentat dextra : traiecto missa lacerto
protinus hasta fugit servatque cruenta tenorem, 340
dexteraque ex umero nervis moribunda pependit.
turn Numitor iaculo fratris de corpora rapto
Aenean petiit ; sed non et figere contra
est licitum, magnique femur perstrinxit Achatae.
Hie Curibus, fidens primaevo corpore, Clausus 345
advenit et rigida Dryopem ferit eminus hasta
sub mentum graviter pressa pariterque loquentis
vocem animamque rapit traiecto gutture : at ille
fronte ferit terrain et crassum vomit ore cruorem.
tris quoque Threicios Boreae de gente suprema 350
et tris, quos Idas pater et patria Ismara mittit,
per varios sternit casus, accurrit Halaesus
Auruncaeque manus, subit et Neptunia proles,
insignis Messapus equis. expellere tendunt
nunc hi, mine illi ; certatur limine in ipso 355
Ausoniae. magno discordes aethere venti
proelia ceu toUunt animis et viribus acquis ;
non ipsi inter se, non nubila, non mare cedit ;
anceps pugna diu, stant obnixa omnia contra :
baud aliter Troianae acies aciesque Latinae 360
concurrunt, haeret pede pes densusque viro vir.
At parte ex alia, qua saxa rotantia late
impulerat torrens arbustaque diruta ripis,
Arcadas, insuetos acies inferre pedestris,
ut vidit Pallas Latio dare terga sequaci 365
(aspera quis natura loci dimittere quando
suasit equos), unum quod rebus restat egenis,
nunc prece, nunc dictis virtutem accendit amaris :
quo fugitis, socii ? per vos et fortia facta,
(t
»" ferit] premit PyK «" cedunt M\
'•' intulerat E,
•«• quos Py^. Priacian interprets quando as aliquando,
Serviua aa slquidem.
AENEID BOOK X
falling brother ; piercing the arm, the spdar flies right
onward, keeping its bloody course, and the dying
arm hung by the sinews from the shoulder. Then
Numitor, tearing the lance from his brother's body,
aimed at Aeneas, yet could not also strike him full,
but grazed the thigh of great Achates.
^^ Now comes up Clausus from Cures, trusting in
his youthful frame, and from a distance smites Dryops
under the chin with his stiff shaft driven amain, and
piercing his throat robs him, even as he speaks,
of voice and life together; but Dryops smites
the ground with his forehead, and from his mouth
vomits thick gore. Three Thracians, too, of the
exalted race of Boreas, and three, whom their father
Idas and their native Ismarus sent forth, he lays low
in divers wise. Halaesus runs to his side, and the
Auruncan bands ; the scion, too, of Neptune comes
up, Messapus glorious with his steeds. Now these,
now those, strain to thrust back the foe ; on
Ausonia's very threshold is the struggle. As in
wide heaven warring winds rise to battle, matched in
spirit and strength ; they yield not to one another —
not winds, not clouds, not sea; long is the battle
doubtful ; all things stand locked in struggle ; even
so clash the ranks of Troy and the ranks of Latium,
foot fast with foot, and man massed with man.
2^2 But in another part, where a torrent had driven
far and wide rolling boulders and bushes uptom from
the banks, soon as Pallas saw his Arcadians, unused
to charge on foot, turn to flight before pursuing
Latium — for the roughness of ground lured them for
once to resign their steeds — then, as the one hope
in such strait, now with entreaties, now with bitter
words, he fires. their valour: "Friends, whither flee
ye ? By your brave deeds I pray you, by your King
195
o 2
VIRGIL
per ducis Euandri nomen devictaque bella 370
spemque meam^ patriae quae nunc subit aemula laudi^
fidite ne pedibus. ferro rumpenda per hostis
est via. qua globus ille virum densissimus urget,
hac vos et Pallanta ducem patria alta reposcit.
numina nulla premunt, mortali urgemur ab hoste 375
mortales ; totidem nobis animaeque manusque.
eece, maris magna claudit nos obicc pontus^
deest iam terra fugae ; pelagus Troiamne petemus? *'
haec ait et medius densos prorumpit in hostis.
Obvius huic primum^ fatis adduetus iniquis^ 380
fit Lagus. hunc, magno vellit dum pondere saxum^
intorto figit telo, discrimina costis
per medium qua spina dabat, hastamque receptat
ossibus haerentem. quern non super oceupat Hisbo,
ille quidem hoe sperans : nam Pallas ante ruentem, 385
dum furit, incautum crudeli morte sodalis
excipit atque ensem tumido in pulmone recondit.
hinc Sthenium petit et Rhoeti de gente vetusta
Anehemolum^ thalamos ausum ineestare novercae.
vos etiam, gemini, Rutulis cecidistis in arvis, 390
Daueia^ Laride Thymberque, simillima proles,
indiscreta suis gratusque parentibus error ;
at nunc dura dedit vobis discrimina Pallas :
nam tibi, Thymbre, caput Euandrius abstulit ensis,
te decisa suum, Laride, dextera quaerit 395
semianimesque micant digiti ferrumque retractant.
Arcadas accensos monitu et praeclara tuentis
facta viri mixtus dolor et pudor armat in hostis.
'" Servius knows magno, magna, and magni.
•'* petamus M^Ey^. *®^ vellit magno PRy.
"8 dedit R, 8»o ^g^s P^i. aw pudor] furor R.
196
^ AENEID BOOK X
Evander s name^ by the wars ye have won, by my
hopes, now springing up to match my father's re-
nown— ^trust not to flight. *Tis the sword must hew
a way through the foe. Where yonder mass of men
presses thickest, there your noble country calls you
back, with Pallas at your head. No gods press upon
us ; mortals, by mortal foes are we driven ; we have
as many lives, as many hands as they. Lo ! ocean
hems us in with mighty barrier of sea; even now
earth fails our flight ; shall we seek the main or
Troy?" So speaking, he dashes on into the midst
of the serried foe.
*®® First Lagus meets him, drawn thither by un-
kind fate ; him, while tearing at a stone of vast
weight, he pierces with hurled javelin, where the
spine midway between the ribs made a parting, and
plucks back the spear from its lodging in the bones.
Nor does Hisbo surprise him, falling on him from
above, and hopeful though he be ; for Pallas, as he
rushes on, reckless and enraged o*er his comrade's
cruel death, has welcome ready and buries his sword
in his swollen ^ lung. Next he assails Sthenius, and
Anchemolus of Rhoetus' ancient line, who dared
defile his stepdame's bed. Ye too, twin brethren,
fell on Rutulian plains, Larides and Thymber, sons of
Daucus, most like in semblance, indistinguishable to
kindred, and to their own parents a sweet perplexity.
But a grim difference now has Pallas made between
you. For thy head, Thymber, had Evander's sword
swept off; while thy severed hand, Larides, seeks its
master, and the dying fingers twitch and clutch
again at the sword.
^^ Fired by his chiding and beholding his glorious
deeds, the Arcadians are armed by mingled wrath
^ t.e. with rage.
197
VIRGIL
turn Pallas biiugis fugientem Rhoetea praeter
traicit. hoc spatium tantumque morae fuit II o. 400
Ilo namque procul validam derexerat hastam :
quam medius Rhoeteus intercipit^ optime Teuthra^
te fiigiens fratremque Tyren ; curruque volutus
caedit semianimis Rutulorum calcibus arva.
ac velut optato ventis aestate coortis 405
dispersa Immittit silvis incendia pastor ;
correptis subito mediis extenditur una
homda per latos acies Volcania campos ;
ille sedens victor flammas despectat ovantis :
non aliter socium virtus coit omnis in unum 410
teque iuvat^ Palla. sed bellis acer Halaesus
tendit in adversos seque in sua coUigit arma.
hie mactat Ladona Pheretaque Demodocumque^
Strjnmonio dextram fulgenti deripit ense
elatam in iugulum^ saxo ferit ora Thoantis 415
ossaque dispersit cerebro permixta cruento.
fata canens silvis genitor celarat Halaesum :
ut senior leto canentia lumina solvit^
iniecere manum Parcae telisque sacrarunt
Euandri. quern sic Pallas petit ante precatus : 420
"da nunc, Thybri pater, ferro, quod missile libro,
fortunam atque viam duri per pectus Halaesi.
haec arma exuviasque viri tua quercus habebit."
audiit ilia deus ; dum texit Imaona Halaesus,
Arcadio infelix telo dat pectus inermum. 425
At non caede viri tanta perterrita Lausus,
pars ingens belli, sinit agmina : primus Abantem
oppositum interimit, pugnae nodumque moramque
*" dlrexerat M^Py.
4i» cavens, known to Servitu,
198
AENEID BOOK X
and shame to face the foe. Then Pallas pierces
Rhoeteus^ as he flies past in his car. Thus much
respite^ thus much delay Ilus gained ; for at Ilus he
had launched from afar his strong spear^ and
Rhoeteus intercepts it midway^ fleeing from thee,
noble Teuthras, and from Tyres thy brother. Rolling
from the car in death, he spurns with his heels the
Rutulian fields. And as in summer, when the winds
he longed for have risen, some shepherd kindles
fires here and there among the woods ; on a sudden
the mid-spaces catch, and Vulcan's bristling battle-
line spreads o'er the broad fields unbroken; he,
from his seat, gazes down victorious on the revelling
flames : even so all thy comrades* chivalry rallies to
one point in aid of thee, Pallas ! But Halaesus, bold
in war, advances to confront them, and gathers
himself behind his shield. He slays Ladon, and
Pheres, and Demodocus; with gleaming sword he
lops ofl* Strymonius' hand, raised against his throat ;
then smites Thoas in the face with a stone, and
scattered the bones, mingled with blood and brains.
His sire, prophetic of fate, had hidden Halaesus in
the woods : when, with advance of age, he relaxed
his glazing eyes in death, the Fates laid hand on him
and devoted him to Evander's darts. Him Pallas
assails, first praying thus : *' Grant now, father Tiber,
to the steel I poise and hurl, a prosperous way
through stout Halaesus' breast ; thy oak shall hold
these arms and the hero's. spoils." The god heard
the prayer ; while Halaesus shielded Imaon, the
luckless man offers his defenceless breast to the
Arcadian lance.
*26 But Lausus, a mighty portion of the war, lets
not his ranks be dismayed by the hero's vast carnage ;
first he cuts down Abas, who faces him, the battle's
199
VIRGIL
sternitur Arcadiae proles, sternuntur Etrusci,
et vos, o Grais imperdita corpora, Teucri. 4.S0
agmina concurrunt ducibusque et viribus acquis,
extremi addenscnt acics nee turba moveri
tela manusque sinit. hinc Pallas instat et urget,
hinc contra Lausus, nee multum discrepat aetas,
egregii forma, sed quis Fortuna negarat 435
in patriam reditu s. ipsos concurrere passus
baud tamen inter se magni regnator Olympi ;
mox ill OS sua fata manent maiore sub hoste.
Interea soror alma monet succedere Lauso
Turnum, qui volucri curru medium secat agmen. 440
ut vidit socios : '' tempus desistere pugnae ;
solus ego in Pallanta feror, soli mihi Pallas
debetur; cuperem ipse parens spectator adesset."
haec ait, et socii cesserunt aequore iusso.
at Rutulum abscessu iuvenis tum, iussa superba 445
miratus, stupet in Turno corpusque per ingens
lumina volvit obitque truci procul omnia visu,
talibus et dictis it contra dicta tyranni :
'^ aut spoliis ego iam raptis laudabor opimis
aut leto insigni ; sorti pater aequus utrique est. 450
tolle minas." fatus medium procedit in aequor.
frigidus Arcadibus coit in praecordia sanguis,
desiluit Turnus biiugis, pedes apparat ire
comminus ; utque leo, specula cum vidit ab alta
stare procul campis meditantem in proelia taurum, 455
advolat : baud alia est Turni venientis imago,
hunc ubi contiguum missae fore credidit hastae,
*" addensant MF^Ry. *** pugna R,
**® miratur Ry\ **' in omitted by Py.
200
AENEID BOOK X
knot ^ and barrier. Then falls the youth of Arcadia^
the Etruscans fall, and ye, O Trojans, whose bodies
the Greeks wasted not. The armies close, matched
in captains, as in might ; the rearmost crowd upon
the van, and the throng suffers not weapons or hands
to move. Here Pallas presses and strains; there
Lausus confronts him ; the two nearly matched in
years, and peerless in beauty, but to them fortune
had denied return to their fatherland. Yet the king
of great Olympus suffered them not to meet face to
face ; ere long each has his own fate awaiting him
beneath a greater foe.
439 Meanwhile his gracious sister warns Turnus to
go to Lausus' aid, and with his swift car he cleaves
the ranks between. As he saw his comrades : '' 'Tis
time," he cries, ^^to stand aside from battle; I alone
encounter Pallas ; to me alone is Pallas due ; I would
that his father himself were here to see ! '* He said,
and at his bidding his comrades withdrew from the
field. But when the Rutulians retired, then the
youth, marvelling at the haughty behest, stands in
amaze at Turnus, rolls his eyes over that giant frame,
and with fierce glance scans all from afar, then with
these words meets the monarch's words : " Soon shall
I win praise either for kingly spoils or for a glorious
death ; my sire is equal to either lot ; away with
threats ! " So saying, he advances into the midfield :
cold gathers the blood at the hearts of the Arcadians.
Down from his car leapt Turnus ; on foot he makes
ready to close with the other. And as when from
some lofty outlook a lion has seen a bull stand afar on
the plain, meditating battle, on he rushes ; even such
seemed the coming of Turnus. But Pallas, when he
deemed his foe within range of a spear-cast, advanced
' The metaphor comes from a knot, difficult to untie.
201
VIRGIL
ire prior Pallas^ si qua fors adiuvet ausum
viribus imparibus^ magnumque ita ad aethera fatur :
"per patris hospitium et mensas^ quas advena
adisti^ 460
te precor^ Alcide^ coeptis ingentibus adsis. mr
cemat semineci sibi me rapere arma cruenta
victoremque ferant morientia lumina Tumi."
audiit Alcides iuvenem magnumque sub imo
corde premit gemitum laerimasque efiundit inanis. 465
turn genitor natum dictis adfatur amicis :
'' stat sua cuique dies^ breve et imreparabile tempus
omnibus est vitae ; sed famam extendere factis^
hoc virtutis opus. Troiae sub moenibus altis
tot gnati cecidere deum^ quin occidit una 470
Sarpedon, mea progenies, etiam sua Turnum
fata vocant metasque dati pervenit ad aevi."
sic ait atque oculos Rutulorum reicit arvis.
At Pallas magnis emittit viribus hastam
vaginaque cava fulgentem deripit ensem. 475
ilia volans^ umeri surgunt qua tegmina summa^
incidit atque viam clipei molita per oras
tandem etiam magno strinxit de corpore Turni.
Hie Turnus ferro praefixum robur acuto
in Pallanta diu librans iacit atque ita fatur : 480
" aspice^ num mage sit nostrum penetrabile telum."
dixerat ; at clipeum^ tot ferri terga^ tot aeris^
quem pellis totiens obeat circumdata tauri^
vibranti cuspis medium transverberat ictu
loricaeque moras et pectus perforat ingens. 485
*'• diripit ify*. *'• summa] prima R,
*" eat molita M. **^ magi R,
*•• quern] cum M^R^ Strviua. *®* medium cuspis Ry.
202
AENEID BOOK X
the firsts if haply chance would aid the venture of his
ill-matched strength^ and thus to great heaven he
cries : '' By my father's welcome^ and the board
whereto thou earnest a stranger^ I beseech thee,
Alcides^ aid my high emprise ! May Tumus see me
strip the bloody arms from his dying limbs^ and may
his glazing eyes endure a conqueror!" Alcides
heard the youth^ and deep in his heart stifled a heavy
groan, and shed idle tears. Then with kindly words
the Father bespeaks his son:^ ^^Each has his day
appointed ; short and irretrievable is the span of life
to all : but to lengthen fame by deeds — ^that is
valour s task. Under Troy's high walls fell those
many sons of gods ; yea, with them fell mine own
child Sarpedon.2 For Tumus too his own fate calls,
and he has reached the goal of his allotted years."
So he speaks, and turns his eyes away from the
Rutulian fields.
^^^ But Pallas hurls his spear with all his strength
and plucks his flashing sword from its hollow scab-
bard. On flies the shaft and strikes where the top of
the mail rises to guard the shoulder ; then, forcing a
way through the shield's rim, at last even grazed
the mighty frame of Tumus.
*^' At this, Tumus, long poising his oaken shaft,
tipped with sharp steel, hurls it against Pallas, speak-
ing thus : *' See whether our weapon be not the more
piercing ! " He ended ; but with quivering stroke
the point tears through the centre of the shield,
with all its plates of iron, all its plates of brass, all
the bull-hide's overlaying folds; then pierces the
corslet's barrier and the mighty breast. In vain he
^ Hercules was son of Jupiter by Alcmene.
* c/. Homer, Iliads xvi. 477 «9.
203
VIRGIL
i)le mpit calidum frustra de volnere telum :
iinii eiidemque via sanguis animusque sequuntur.
corruit in volnus (sonitum super arma dedere)
et tcrram hostilem moriens petit ore cruento.
quern Turnus super adsistens : 490
*' Arcades^ haec," inquit^ *^ memores mea dicta referte
Euandro : qualem meruit^ Pallanta remitto.
quisquis honos tumuli^ quidquid solamen humandi
est^
largior : haud illi stabunt Aeneia parvo
hospitia." et laevo pressit pede talia fatus 495
exanimem^ rapiens immania pondera baltei
impressumque nefas : una sub nocte iugali
caesa manus iuvenum foede thalamique cruenti^
quae Clonus Eurytides multo eaelaverat auro ;
quo nunc Turnus ovat spolio gaudetque potitus. 500
nescia mens hominum fati sortisque futurae
et servare modum, rebus sublata secundis !
Tumo tempus erit, magno cum optaverit emptum
intactum Pallanta^ et cum spolia ista diemque
oderit. at socii multo gemitu lacrimisque 505
impositum scuto referunt Pallanta frequentes.
o dolor atque decus magnum rediture parenti !
haec te prima dies bello dedit^ haec eadem aufert^
cum tamen ingentis Rutulorum linquis acervos ! mpr
Nee iam fama mali tanti^ sed certior auctor 510
advolat Aeneae^ tenui discrimine leti
esse suos, tempus versis succurrere Teucris.
proxima quaeque metit gladio latumque per agmen
*86 pectore M : corpore yK
*•* sic ore profatur added by R,
•^* versis tempus P.
^ i.e. dead. Evander has earned or merited this affliction,
by reason of his treason to Italy.
204
AENEID BOOK X
plucks the warm dart from the wound ; by one and
the same road follow blood and life. Prone he falls
upon the wound, his armour clashes over him, and,
dying, he smites the hostile earth with blood-stained
mouth. Then standing over him, Turnus cries :
'^Arcadians, give heed, and bear these my words
back to Evander: even as he has merited,^ I send
him back Pallas! Whatever honour a tomb gives,
whatever solace a burial, I freely grant ; yet his wel-
come of Aeneas shall cost him dear.'' So saying,
with his left foot he trod upon the dead, tearing
away the belt's huge weight and the story of the
crime thereon engraved * — the youthful band foully
slain on one nuptial night, and the chambers
drenched with blood — ^which Clonus, son of Eurytus,
had richly chased in gold. Now Turnus exults in
the spoil, and glories in the winning. O mind of
man, knowing not fate or coming doom or how to
keep bounds when uplifted with favouring fortune !
To Turnus shall come the hour when for a great
price will he long to have bought an unscathed
Pallas, and when he will abhor those spoils and that
day. But with many moans and tears his friends
throng round Pallas and bear him back laid upon his
shield. O the great grief and yet great glory to thy
father of that home-coming of thine ! This day first
gave thee to war, this also takes thee hence ; yet
vast are the piles thou leavest of Rutulian dead !
*i® And now not mere rumour of the bitter blow,
but a surer messenger, flies to Aeneas — that his men
are but a hair's-breadth removed from death, that
'tis time to succour the routed Teucrians. With the
sword he mows down all the nearest ranks, and
* The story of the murder of the sons of Aegyptus by the
daughters of Danaus.
205
VIRGIL
ardens limitem agit ferro, te, Turne, superbum
caede nova quaerens. Pallas^ Euander^ in ipsis 515
omnia sunt oculis^ mensae^ quas ad vena primas
tunc adiit^ dextraeque datae. Sulmone creatos
quattuor hie iuvenes, totidem quos edueat Ufens,
viventis rapit, inferias quos immolet umbris
eaptivoque rogi perfundat sanguine flammas. 520
inde Mago procul infensam contenderat hastam.
ille astu subit — at tremibunda supervolat hasta —
et genua amplectens eiFatur talia supplex :
" per patrios Manis et spes surgentis luli
te precor, banc animam serves gnatoque patrique. 525
est domus alta^ iacent penitus defossa talenta
eaelati argentic sunt.auri pondera facti
infectique mihi. non hie victoria Teucrum
vertitur aut anima una dabit discrimina tanta."
dixerat. Aeneas contra cui talia reddit : 530
" argenti atque auri memoras quae multa talenta^
gnatis parce tuis. belli commercia Tumus
sustulit ista prior iam turn Pallante perempto.
hoc patris Anchisae Manes, hoc sen tit lulus."
sic fatus galeam laeva tenet atque reflexa 535
cervice orantis capulo tenus applicat ensem.
nee procul Haemonides, Phoebi Triviaeque sacerdos,
infula cui sacra redimibat tempora vitta,
totus conlucens veste atque insignibus armis :
quern congressus agit campo, lapsumque superstans
immolat ingentiqne umbra tegit; arma Serestus 541
lecta refert umeris, tibi, rex Gradive, tropaeum.
Instaurant acies Volcani stirpe creatus
Caeculus et veniens Marsorum montibus Umbro.
««i infestam PItyK
"* at FJRM^y^' in M^: en if«; ac M^*b.
^■^ et] in M^: en M*: et if. *** surgentis] heredis F*y\
"» ilia Af. "« oranti PK
*•• armis] albis Probus, perha/pa P\ **' instaurat MK
206
AENEID BOOK X
fiercely drives with the steel a broad path through
the host^ seeking thee^ Turnus^ still flushed with
new- wrought slaughter. Pallas^ Evander^ all stands
before his eyes — ^the board whereto he then came
firsts a stranger^ and the right hands pledged.
Then^ four youths^ sons of Sulmo, and as many
reared by Ufens, he takes alive, to offer as victims to
the dead and to sprinkle the funeral flame with cap-
tive blood. Next at Magus from afar he had aimed
the hostile lance. Deftly he cowers — the lance flies
quivering o'er him — and, clasping the hero's knees,
he speaks thus in suppliance : ^^ By the spirit of thy
father, by thy hope in growing liilus, I entreat thee,
save this life for a son and for a sire. A stately
house have I ; buried deep within lie talents of
chased silver, and mine are masses of gold, wrought
and unwrought. Not on me turns the victory of
Troy, nor will one life make difference so great."
He spoke, and Aeneas thus replied : ^^ Those many
talents of silver and gold thou tellest of, spare for
thy sons. Such trafficking in war Tumus first put
away, even in the hour when Pallas was slain. Thus
judges my father Anchises' spirit, thus liilus." So
speaking, he grasps the helmet with his left hand,
and bending back the suppliant's neck, drives the
sword up to the hilt. Hard by was Haemon's son,
priest of Phoebus and Trivia, his temples wreathed
in the fillet's sacred band, all glittering in his robe
and in resplendent arms. Him he meets and drives
over the plain ; then, bestriding the fallen, slaughters
him and wraps him in mighty darkness ; his armour
Serestus gathers and carries away on his shoulders, a
trophy, King Gradivus, unto thee !
^* Caeculus, bom of Vulcan's race, and Umbro,
who comes from the Marsian hills, repair the ranks.
207
VIRGIL
Interea biiugis infert se Lucagus albis mrp
in medios fraterque Liger ; sed frater habenis 576
flectit equos^ strictum rotat acer Lucagus ensem.
haud tulit Aeneas tanto fervore furentis :
inruit adversaque ingens apparuit hasta.
cui Liger : 580
" non Diomedis equos nee currum cemis Achilli
aut Phrygiae campos : nunc belli finis et aevi
his dabitur terns." vesano talia late
dicta volant Ligeri. sed non et Troius heros
dicta parat contra^ iaculum nam torquet in hostem. 585
Lucagus ut pronus pendens in verbera telo
admonuit biiugos^ proiecto dum pede laevo
aptat se pugnae^ subit oras hasta per imas
fulgentis clipei^ turn laevum perforat inguen ;
excussus curru moribundus volvitur arvis. 590
quern pius Aeneas dictis adfatur amaris :
*' Lucage^ nulla tuos currus fuga segnis equorum
prodidit aut vanae vertere ex hostibus umbrae ;
ipse rotis saliens iuga deseris." haec ita fatus
arripuit biiugos ; frater tendebat inertis 595
infelix palmas^ curru delapsus eodem :
" per te, per qui te talem genuere parentes,
vir Troiane, sine banc animam et miserere precantis."
pluribus oranti Aeneas : ^* haud talia dudum
dicta dabas. morere et fratrem ne desere frater. " 600
tum latebras animae pectus mucrone recludit.
talia per campos edebat funera ductor
Dardanius^ torrentis aquae vel turbinis atri
more furens. tandem erumpunt et castra relinquunt
Ascanius puer et nequiquam obsessa iuventus. 605
*'» bigis PyK "* hostis P^M : hostes P*y.
»" traiecto M. "» aptet Py\
"* deserit P^ "« inermis P^y\
210
AENEID BOOK X
*7* Meanwhile^ with their two white steeds, there
dash into the midst Lucagus and Liger his brother ;
but the brother guides the steeds with the reins,
while Lucagus fiercely whirls his drawn sword. Their
furious onset Aeneas could not brook, but rushed
upon them, and towered gigantic with opposing
spear. To him Liger : " Not Diomede's horses dost
thou see, nor Achilles' car, nor Phrygia's plains ;
this hour shall upon this soil end thy warfare and
thy life." Such words fly abroad from mad Liger's
lips. But not in words the Trojan hero shapes reply,
for he hurls his javelin against the foe. Then, as
Lucagus, bending forward to the stroke, urged on
his steeds with the sword, even when, with left foot
advanced, he gets ready for the fray, there comes
the spear through the lowest rim of his gleaming
shield, then pierces the left groin; tumbling from
the car, he rolls in death upon the plain, while good
Aeneas bespeaks him with bitter words : " Lucagus,
no coward flight of thy steeds has betrayed thy car ;
no vain shadow of a foe has turned them back ; thy-
self, leaping from the wheels, forsakest thy beasts.**
So saying, he seized the steeds ; down-gliding from the
self-same car, the brother piteously outstretched his
helpless hands : " By thyself, by the parents who
gave life to such a son, O hero of Troy, spare this life,
and have pity on my prayer ! " Longer had been
his plea, but Aeneas : *^ Not such erewhile were thy
words. Die, and let not brother forsake brother ! "
— then with the sword he cleft open the bosom,
wherein is life's lurking-place. Such were the deaths
the Dardan chieffcain wrought o'er the plains, raging
like torrent-brook or black tempest. At last the boy
Ascanius and the vainly beleaguered warriors burst
forth and leave the camp.
211
p 2
VIRGIL
lunonem interea compellat luppiter ultro :
'' o germana mihi atque eadem gratissima coniunx^
ut rebare, Venus (nee te sententia fallit)
Troianas sustentat opes, non vivida bello
dextra viris animusque ferox patiensque pericli." 6lO
cui luno submissa : "quid, o pulcherrime cpniunx,
sollicitas aegram et tua tristia iussa timentem ?
si mihi, quae quondam fuerat quamque esse deeebat,
vis in amore foret, non hoc mihi namque negares,
omnipotens, quin et pugnae subducere Turnum 6l5
et Dauno possem incolumem servare parenti.
nunc pereat Teucrisque pio det sanguine poenas.
ille tamen nostra deducit origine nomen,
Pilumnusque illi quartus pater, et tua larga
saepe manu multisque oneravit limina donis." 620
Cui rex aetherii breviter sic fatur Olympi :
" si mora praesentis leti tempiisque caduco
oratur iuveni meque hoc ita ponere sentis,
tolle fuga Turnum atque instantibus eripe fatis.
hactenus indulsisse vacat. sin altior istis ^^5
sub precibus venia ulla latet totumque moveri
mutarive putas bellum, spes pascis inanis/'
Et luno adlacrimans : "quid, si, quae voce gravaris,
mente dares atque haec Turno rata vita maneret ?
nunc manet insontem gravis exitus, aut ego veri 630
vana feror. quod ut o potius formidine falsa
ludar et in melius tua, qui potes, orsa reflectas!"
Haec ubi dicta dedit, caelo se protinus alto
misit agens hiemem nimbo succincta per auras,
•** iussa] dicta PRy. '^^ pio] suo knoum to Servius,
"8 deducet Py\ «" fatus M^R. ««» data i2.
212
AENEID BOOK X
®^ Meanwhile Jupiter opens speech with Juno :
'* O sister and dearest wife in one, 'tis Venus, as thou
didst deem — nor errs thy judgment — that upholds
the Trojan power, not their own right hands, quick
for war, and their fierce souls, patient of peril." To
him Juno meekly: "Why, my fairest lord, vexest
thou a sick heart, that fears thy stern commands ?
Had my love the force that once it had, and still
should have, this boon surely thou wouldst not deny
me, even the power to withdraw Tumus from the
fray, and preserve him in safety for his father
Daunus. But now let him perish and with innocent
blood make atonement to the Trojans ! Yet from
our lineage he derives his name, for Pilumnus was his
sire four generations gone ; and oil has he heaped
thy threshold with many a gift from a lavish hand."
^■^^ To her the king of heavenly Olympus thus
briefly spake : " If thy prayer be for a respite from
present death, and a reprieve for the doomed youth
— if thou understandest that such is my will, take
Tumus away in flight, and snatch him from impend-
ing fate. Thus far is there room for indulgence. But
if thought of deeper favour lurks beneath thy prayers,
and thou deemest that the war's whole course may
be moved or altered, thou nursest an idle hope."
*28 And Juno weeping : " What if thy heart should
grant what thy tongue begrudges, and this life I
crave should remain assured to Tumus ? Now a heavy
doom awaits him for no guilt, or I wander blind to
truth. Yet, O that rather I were mocked by lying
fears, and that thou, who canst, wouldst bend thy
purposes to a better end ! "
*^ These words said, straightway she through the
air darted from high heaven, driving her storm-
chariot cloud-engirdled; and sought the army of
213
VIRGIL
Iliacamque aciem et Laurentia castra petivit. 635
turn dea nube cava tenuem sine viribus umbram
in faciem Aeneae (visu mirabile monstrum)
Dardaniis ornat telis^ clipeumque iu basque
divini adsimulat capitis^ dat inania verba^
dat sine mente sonum gressusque effingit euntis ; 64-0
morte obita qualis fama est volitare figuras
aut quae sopitos deludunt somnia sensus.
at primas laeta ante acies exsultat imago
inritatque virum telis et voce lacessit.
instat cui Tumus stridentemque eminus hastam 645
conicit ; ilia dato vertit vestigia tergo.
turn vero Aenean aversum ut cedere Turnus
credidit atque animo spem turbidus hausit inanem :
*' quo fugis, Aenea ? thalamos ne desere pactos ;
hac dabitur dextra tellus quaesita per undas." , 650
talia vociferans sequitur strictumque coruscat
mucronem, nee ferre videt sua gaudia ventos.
Forte ratis celsi coniuncta crepidine saxi
expositis stabat scalis et ponte parato^
qua rex Clusinis advectus Osinius oris. 655
hue sese trepida Aeneae fugientis imago
conicit in latebras, nee Turnus segnior instat
exsuperatque moras et pontis transilit altos,
vix proram attigerat : rumpit Saturnia funem
.ivolsamque rapit revoluta per aequora navem. 660
ilium autem Aeneas absentem in proelia poscit;
obvia multa virum demittit corpora morti,
turn levis baud ultra latebras iam quaerit imago,
^*» gressum M. ®^® Aeneae trepida M.
«5» rupit Ey^.
660-666 Jiiiheckt following two Paris MSS., accepts the, fol~
Immng order : 660, 663, 664, 661, 662, 665.
*** ille PMy. Aenean P^M (ille autem Aenean knotvn toy
ServiiLs).
214
AENEID BOOK X
Ilium and the camp of Laurentum. Then the god-
dess out of hollow mist fashions a thin^ strengthless
phantom in the likeness of Aeneas^ a monstrous
marvel to behold^ decks it with Dardan weapons^
and counterfeits the shield and plumes on his
godlike head^ gives it unreal words, gives a voice
without thought, and mimicks his gait as he moves ;
— even like shapes that flit, 'tis said, when death
is past, or like dreams that mock the slumbering
senses. But exultant, the phantom stalks before
the foremost ranks, with weapons provokes the foe,
and with cries defies him. On it rushes Turnus,
and from afar hurls a hissing spear ; the phantom
wheels round in flight. Then indeed, when Tur-
nus deemed that Aeneas had turned and yielded,
and with bewildered soul drank in the empty
hope : " Whither," he cries, " dost flee, Aeneas ?
Forsake not thy plighted bridal chamber; this
hand shall give thee the land thou hast sought
overseas." With such clamour he follows, and
brandishes his naked blade, nor sees that the winds
bear away his triumph !
^^ It chanced that, moored to the ledge of a lofty
rock, with ladders let down and gangway ready,
stood the ship, wherein king Osinius sailed from
the coasts of Clusium. Hither the hurrying phantom
of flying Aeneas flings himself to shelter ; nor with
less speed Turnus follows, surmounts all hindrances,
and springs across the lofty bridge. Scarce had he
touched the prow when Saturn's daughter snaps the
cable and sweeps the sundered ship over the ebbing
waters. But meantime Aeneas is challenging his
vanished foe to battle, and sends down to death
many bodies of warriors who cross his path. Then
the airy phantom seeks shelter no longer, but soaring
215
VIRGIL
8ed sablime volans nubi se immiscuit atrae.
cum Tumum medio interea fert aequore turbo. 665
respicit ignarus rerum ingratusque salutis
et duplicis cum voce manus ad sidera tendit :
^'omnipotens genitor, tanton me crimine dignum
duxisti et talis voluisti expendere poenas ?
quo feror ? unde abii ? quae me fuga quemve reducit ?
Laurentisne iterum muros aut castra videbo? 671
quid manus ilia virum^ qui me meaque arma secuti ?
quosne (nefas) omnis infanda in morte reliqui
et nunc palantis video gemitumque cadentum
accipio? quid ago? aut quae iam satis ima dehiscat 675
terra mihi ? vos o potius miserescite, venti ;
in nipes, in saxa (volens vos Tumus adoro)
ferte ratem saevisque vadis immittite syrtis^
quo neque me Rutuli nee conscia famasequatur."
haec memorans animo nunc huc^ nunc fluctuat illuc^
an sese mucrone ob tantum dedecus amens 681
induat et crudum per costas exigat ensem^
fluctibus an iaciat mediis et litora nando
curva petat Teucrumque iterum se reddat in arma.
ter conatus utramque viam^ ter maxima luno 685
continuit iuvenemque animi miserata repressit.
labitur alta secans fluctuque aestuque secundo
et patris antiquam Dauni defertur ad urbem.
At lovis interea monitis Mezentius ardens
sQccedit pugnae Teucrosque invadit ovantis. 690
concnmrnt Tyrrhenae acies atque omnibus uni,
^jBto pt, "• abeo PK quemve] quo M, in margin.
yi^yJ'MiR- quosve M*Py: quosne b, Asper {cited by
Ml. •« aut] et if*. •" mucroni JP^R.
^h
AENEID BOOK X
aloffc blends with a dark cloudy while meantime the
gale is whirling Turnus o*er mid ocean. Unknowing
of the truth and unthankful for escape^ he looks
back and raises his voice and clasped hands to
heaven : " Almighty Father ! hast thou deemed me
worthy of reproach so great, and is it thy will
that I pay such penalty ? Whither am I bound ?
Whence am I come ? What flight bears me home,
or in what guise ? Shall I look again on the camp
or walls of Tarentum ? What of that warrior band,
who followed me and my standard? Whom, one
and all — Oh ! the shame ! — I have left in the jaws
of a cruel death, and now I see them scattered and
hear their groans as they fall. What shall I do?
What earth could now gape deep enough for me ?
Nay, rather, O ye winds, be pitiful ! On rock, on
reef drive the ship — from my heart I, Turnus, im-
plore you — and cast it on some sandbank's ruthless
shoal, where neither Rutuli nor Rumour that knows
my shame may follow ! " So saying, he wavers
in spirit this way and that, whether for disgrace so
foul he should madly fling himself on his sword and
drive the cruel steel through his ribs, or plunge
amid the waves, and seek by swimming to gain the
winding shore, and once more cast himself against
the Trojan arms. Thrice he essayed either way ;
thrice mighty Juno stayed his hand and held him
back in pity of heart. On he glides, cleaving the
deep, with wave and tide to speed him, and is
borne home to his father Daunus' ancient city.^
^^ But meanwhile at Jove's behest fiery Mezentius
takes up the battle and assails the triumphant Teu-
crians. The Tyrrhene ranks rush together, and press
^ Ardea in Latium.'
VIRGIL
hunc ubi miscentem longe media agmina vidit, 721
purpureum pinnis et pactae coniugis ostro^
impastus stabula alta leo ceu saepe peragrans^
(suadet enim vesana fames) si forte fugacem
conspexit capream aut surgentem in comua eervum^
gaudet^ hians immane, comasque arrexit et haeret 726
visceribus super ineumbens^ lavit improba taeter
ora cruor :
sic ruit in densos alacer Mezentius hostis.
stemitur infelix Acron et caleibus atram 730
tundit humum exspirans infractaque tela cruentat.
atque idem fugientem haud est dignatus Oroden mprv
sternere nee iaeta caecum dare cuspide volnus ;
obvius adversoque occurrit seque viro vir
contulit, haud furto melior sed fortibus armis. 735
tum super abiectum posito pede nixus et hasta :
" pars belli haud temnenda, viri, iacet altus Orodes."
conclamant socii laetum paeana secuti.
ille autem exspirans : ^'non me, quicumque es, inulto,
victor, nee longum laetabere ; te quoque fata 740
prospectant paria atque eadem mox arva tenebis."
ad quein subridens mixta Mezentius ira :
"nunc morere. ast de me divum pater atque
hominum rex
viderit." hoc dicens eduxit corpore telum.
olli dura quies oculos et ferreus urget 745
somnus, in aeternam clauduntur lumina noctem.
Caedicus Alcathoum obtruncat, Sacrator Hydaspen,
Partheniumque Rapo et praedurum viribus Orsen,
Messapus Cloniumque Lycaoniumque Ericeten,
ilium infrenis equi lapsu tellure iacentem, 750
^*^ accumbens PH,
'•' viris 6*c, hwum to Servitis. altus] actus M.
'*• atquae Vy: atquaec P^; atqu P*; atque Mhi: atquem
MWc : ad quern Eh,
220
AENEID BOOK X
unfulfilled. When Mezentius saw him afar^ dealing
havoc amid the ranks^ gay in crimson plumes and the
purple of his plighted bride^ even as often an unfed
lion^ ranging the deep coverts^ for maddening hun-
ger prompts him^ if haply he has spied a timorous
roe or stately-antlered stag^ exults with mouth terri-
bly agape^ uprears his mane^ and clings crouching
over the fleshy his cruel lips bathed in foul gore — so
Mezentius springs lightly upon the massed foemen.
Down goes hapless Acron^ hammers the black ground
with his heels as he breathes his last^ and dyes with
blood the broken spear. And the same arm deigned
not to lay low Orodes as he fled, nor to deal with
cast of spear a wound unseen ; full face to face he
ran to meet him and opposed him as man against
man^ prevailing not by stealth but by strength of
arms. Then^ planting his foot on the fallen foe and
straining at his spear^ "Ho men!" he cries, "low
lies great Orodes — no mean portion of the war ! "
His comrades join their shouts, taking up the joyous
cry of triumph. But he, breathing his last : " Not
unavenged shall I be, O victor, whoe'er thou art,
nor long shalt thou exult ; for thee too a like doom
keeps watch, and in these same fields thou soon shalt
lie." To this Mezentius, smiling amid his wrath :
"Now die; but let the sire of gods and king of
men see to me ! ** So sajdng, he drew the weapon
from the hero's body ; stern repose and iron slumber
press upon his eyes, and their orbs close in ever-
lasting night.
^^^ Caedicus slaughters Alcathous, Sacrator Hy-
daspes, Rapo Parthenius, and Orses of wondrous
strength ; Messapiis- slays Clonius and Ericetes,
Lycaon's son — ^the one, as he lay on the ground,
fallen from his unbridled steed, the other as he came
221
VIRGIL
huiic peditem. pedes et Lycius processerat Agis ;
quern tamen haud expers Valerus virtutis avitae
deicit ; at Thronium Salius^ Saliumque Nealces
insignis iaculo et longe fallente sagitta.
lam gravis aequabat luctus et mutua Mavors 755
funera ; caedebant pariter pariterque ruebant
victores vietique, neque his fuga nota neque illis.
di lovis in tectis iram miserantur inanem mpr
amborum et tantos mortalibus esse labores :
hinc Venus, hinc contra speetat Saturnia luno ; 760
pallida Tisiphone media inter milia saevit.
at vero ingentem quatiens Mezentius hastam
turbidus ingreditur campo. quam magnus Orion,
cum pedes incedit medii per maxima Nerei
stagna viam scindens, umero supereminet undas, 765
aut summis referens annosam montibus ornum,
ingrediturque solo et caput inter nubila condit :
talis se vastis infert Mezentius arm is.
Huic contra Aeneas, speculatus in agmine longo,
obvius ire parat. manet imperterritus ille, 770
hostem magnanimum opperiens, et mole sua stat ;
' atque oculis spatium emensus, quantum satis hastae :
"dextra mihi deus et telum, quod missile libro,
nunc adsint ! voveo praedonis corpore raptis
indutum spoliis ipsum te, Lause, tropaeum 775
Aeneae." dixit stridentemque eminus hastam
iecit ; at ilia volans clipeo est excussa proculque
egregium Antoren latus inter et ilia figit.
'*! peditem pedes, et so ptuictuated M, The other punctua-
tion peditem. pedes et is a conjecture of Peerlkamp'a.
'^* insignis MW: insidiis M^PRVh.
'8« cedebant PEy, known to Serviua.
'•• campum M. '«» hue P^: hunc MP*.
"^ inicit y. at omitted by APy.
222
AENEID BOOK X
on foot. On foot had Ljcian Agis also advanced;
yet him Valerus^ lacking naught of ancestral prowess^
struck down ; Thronius falls bj Salius^ and Salius hj
Nealces^ famed for the javelin and the arrow that
steals from afar.
^^ Now the heavy hand of Mars was dealing out
equal woe and mutual death. Alike they slew and
alike they fell — victors and vanquished^ and neither
these nor those knew flight. The gods in Jove's
halls pity the vain wrath of either host^ and grieve
that mortals should endure such toils. Here Venus
looks on^ there over against her Saturnian Juno :
pale Tisiphone rages amid the thousands of men.
But now Mezentius, shaking his mighty spear^ ad-
vances like a whirlwind on the plain. Great as
Orion^ when cleaving a path he stalks on foot through
the vast pools of mid-ocean^ towers with his shoulder
above the waves^ or^ as he brings back an aged ash
from mountain-heights, walks the ground with head
hidden in the clouds : such Mezentius strode in his
giant armour.
^^^ On the other side Aeneas espying him in the
long battle-line, moves to meet him. Undaunted he
abides, awaiting his noble foe, and steadfast in his
bulk ; then, with eye measuring the distance that
might suffice his spear: '^May this right hand,
my deity, and the hurtling dart I poise, now aid
me ! I vow thee, Lausus, thy very self, clad in
spoils stripped from the robber's corpse, as my trophy
of Aeneas."^ He spoke, and threw from far his
whistling spear ; on it flies, glanced from the shield,
and hard by pierces noble Antores betwixt side and
*■ Instead of the usual trunk of wood, hung with the arms
of the vanquished foe, the living Lausus, clothed in the
armour of Aeneas, is to be his trophy.
22S
VIRGIL
Herculis Antoren comitem^ qui missus ab Argis
haeserat Euandro atque Itala consederat urbe. 780
sternitur infelix alieno volnere caelumque
aspicit et dulcis moriens reminiscitur Argos.
turn plus Aeneas hastam iacit ; ilia per orbem
acre cavum triplici, per linea terga tribusque
transiit intextum tauris opus imaque sedit 785
inguine ; sed viris haud pertulit. ocius ensem
Aeneas, viso Tyrrheni sanguine laetus,
eripit a femine et trepidanti fervidus instat.
ingemuit cari graviter genitoris amore,
ut vidit, Lausus, lacrimaeque per ora volutae. 790
Hie mortis durae casum tuaque optima tacta^
si qua fidem tanto est operi latura vetustas,
non equidem nee te, iuvenis memorande, silebo.
Ille pedem referens et inutilis inque ligatus
cedebat clipeoque inimicum hastile trahebat. 795
proripuit iuvenis seseque immiscuit armis
iamque adsurgentis dextra plagamque ferentis
Aeneae subiit mucronem ipsumque morando
sustinuit ; soeii magno clamore sequuntur,
dum genitor nati parma protectus abiret, 800
telaque coniciunt proturbantque eminus hostem
missilibus. furit Aeneas tectusque tenet se.
ac velut, effusa si quando grandine nimbi
praecipitant, omnis campis difFugit arator,
omnis et agricola, et tuta latet arce viator, . 805
aut amnis ripis aut alti fornice saxi,
dum pluit in terris, ut possint sole reducto
exercere diem : sic obrutus undique telis
'« transiet M\
^*^ optime M^Ry known to Servius.
'»« prorupit PB. '»' dextrae P*, Servius.
"* subigit M\ SO"* arte most MSS. and Servius.
8»' possit M^HK
224
AENEID BOOK X
flank — Antores, comrade of Hercules, who, sent
from Argos, had cloven to Evander, and settled in
an Italian town. He falls, alas ! by a womid meant
for another, and gazes on the sky, and dying, dreams
of his sweet Argos. Then good Aeneas casts a spear;
through the hollow shield of threefold brass, through
the linen folds, and inwoven work of triple bull-
hides, it sped, and sank low in the groin, yet carried
not home its strength. Quickly Aeneas, gladdened
by the sight of the Tuscan's blood, snatches his
sword from the thigh and presses hotly on his be-
wildered foe. Deeply Lausus groaned for love of his
dear sire, when he saw the sight, and tears rolled
down his face.
^^^ And here death's cruel gloom and thy most
glorious deeds — if so be that ancient days may win
credence for such prowess — I in sooth will not leave
unsung, nay, nor thyself, O youth, so worthy to be
sung!
^^* The father, disabled and encumbered, was now
giving ground with retreating steps, trailing from his
buckler his foeman's lance. Forth dashed the youth
and plunged into the fray; and even as Aeneas'
hand rose to deal the blow, he caught up the hero's
point and stayed him by this check. His comrades
follow with loud cries, until the father, guarded by
his son's shield, might withdraw ; and showering
their javelins beat back the foe with missiles from
afar. Aeneas, infuriate, keeps himself under shelter.
And as when at times storm-<:louds pour down in
showers of hail, every ploughman, every husbandman
flees the fields, and the wayfarer cowers in safe
stronghold, be it river's bank or vault of lofty rock,
while the rain falls upon the lands, that so, when
the sun returns, they may pursue the day's task :
225
VOL. II. g
^^* •
VIRGIL
Apneas nubeni belli, dum detonet omnis.
su-stinet et Lausum increpitat Lausoque minatur : 8 1 0
•^ q:;o moriture mis maioraque viribus audes ?
tiZit te incautum pietas tua." nee minus ille
es^ultiU demens, saevae iamque altius irae
^^iniinio snrgunt daetori, extremaque Lauso
Pi^rcaie dla legunt : validum namqne exigit ensem 815
rn^dium Aeneas iuvenem totumque recondit.
' :t et pannam mucro, levia arma minaeis^
ioam. molli niater quam neverat auro,
^-S<^««4^-e siaum sanguis ; turn vita per auras
v-:c!C^<{>it Q]u&esta ad Manis corpusque reliquit. 820
a: ii^rv> ;xt Tohum vidit morientis et ora,
x^ ^s.^is Anchisiades pallentia miris,
^^,re!=i,;it nusenuos graviter dextramque tetendit
tc 3L-r^tem pitme strinxit pietatis imago.
* ;.3i ubt n-jincmiserande puer, pro laudibus istis, 825
vLii ri^ Aeneas tanta dabit indole dignum ?
ima! ^ iib<B UeUtus, habe tua, teque parentum
iBo.t:^ rt cineri, si qua est ea cura, remitto.
^c :^z«- iritViix miseram solabere mortem :
\ . ,^ ^ :Lri dextra cadis,'' increpat ultro 830
■ ^-n::-- '^-^^ ^^ ^^"* sublevat ipsum,
~* J \.^^^teia comptos de morte capillos.
^^*'^ ^'^^^^ Tiberini ad fluminis undam
"""^Lw hmpliis corpusque levabat
"-"^^ ^ «rocul aerea ramis 835
-_ - P»»« «»«* "™* qtaiescunt.
•. ^ -. : ^;^ f . ^ yl . subiit P : subit Jt.
224 *^A- .. ~
AENEID BOOK X
even thus^ o'erwhelmed by javelins on all sides^
Aeneas endures the war-cloud until all its thunder
is spent^ chiding Lausus the while^ and threatening
Lausus : '^ Whither rushest thou to thy deaths with
daring beyond thy strength ? Thy love betrays thee
into rashness/' Yet none the less the youth riots
madly; and now wrath rises higher in the Dardan
leader s hearty and the Fates gather up Lausus' last
threads ; for Aeneas drives the sword sheer through
the youth's body^ and buries it within to the hilt.
The point pierced the targe— frail arms for one so
threatening — and the tunic his mother had woven
him of pliant gold; blood filled his breast^ then
through the air the life fled sorrowing to the Shades,
and left the body. But when Anchises' son saw the
look on that djring face — that face so pale in won-
drous wise — heavily he groaned in pity, and stretched
forth his hand, as the likeness of his own filial love
rose before his soul. "What now, unhappy boy,
shall good Aeneas give thee for these thy glories }
What guerdon worthy of such a heart? Keep for
thine own the arms wherein thou didst delight ; and
if such a care may touch thee, thyself I give back to
the spirits and ashes of thy sires. Yet, hapless one !
this shall solace thee for thy sad death : 'tis by the
hand of great Aeneas thou dost fall." Nay, he chides
the laggard comrades and uplifts their chief from
the earth, where he befouled with blood his seemly
ordered locks.
^^ Meanwhile by the wave of the Tiber river, the
father staunched his wounds with water, and rested
his reclining frame against a tree's trunk. Hard by,
his brazen helmet hangs from the boughs, and his
heavy arms lie in peace on the meadow. Chosen
227
Q 2
:r:e- aim:, lerpiiujc
.--r..;i:ji«c2nini Sj(i
vt.-*^ tardat.
%«i: deeus illi,
-. :a!ibusinfit: 8(iO
itJbas ulla est,
.U.11; leucros."
AENEID BOOK X
men stand round; he himself^ sick and panting^
eased his neck^ while over his chest streams his flow-
ing beard. Many a time he asks for Lausus^ and
many a time he sends messengers to recall him, and
convey the charge of his grieving sire. But Lausus
his weeping comrades were bearing lifeless on his
armour — a mighty one and laid low by a mighty
wound. The ill-boding heart knew their wail afar.
His hoary hair he defiles with a shower of dust^
spreads both hands to heaven^ and clasps his arms
about the corpse : *' My son ! and did such joy of life
possess me^ that in my stead I suffered thee to meet
the foeman*s sword — thee, whom I begat } Am I,
thy father, saved by these wounds of thine, and
living by thy death } Ah me ! now at last is come
to me, alas! the bitterness of death; now is my
wound driven deep! Yea, and I, my son, stained
thy name with guilt — I, driven in loathing from the
throne and sceptre of my fathers. Long have I
owed my punishment to my country and my people's
hate; by any form of death should I myself have
yielded up my guilty life. Now I live on, and leave
not yet daylight and mankind ; but leave I will." And
with the word he raises himself on his stricken thigh,
and though his force flags by reason of the deep wound,
yet, undismayed, he bids his horse he brought. This
was his pride, this his solace ; on this he passed vic-
torious from every battle. He addresses the grieving
beast and accosts it thus : " Rhoebus, long have we
lived, if to mortal beings aught be long. To-day
thou shalt either bear off in victory yonder bloody
spoils with the head of Aeneas, and avenge with me
the sufferings of Lausus, or, if no force opens a way,
thou shalt die with me ; for thou, gallant steed, wilt
not deign, methinks, to brook a stranger's bidding
229
VIRGIL
stant lecti circum iuvenes : ipse aeger^ anhelans
colla fovet, fusus propexam in pectore barbam ;
multa super Lauso rogitat multumque remittit^
qui revocent maestique ferant mandata parentis. 840
at Lausum soeii exanimem super arma ferebant
flentes, ingentem atque ingenti volnere vietum.
adgnovit longe gemitum praesaga mali mens ;
canitiem multo deformat pulvere et ambas
ad caelum tendit palmas et corpore inhaeret. 845
'' tantane me tenuit vivendi, nate, voluptas,
ut pro me hostili paterer succedere dextrae^
quern genui ? tuane haec genitor per volnera server,
morte tua vivens ? heu, nunc misero mihi demum
exitium infelix, nunc alte volnus adactum ! 850
idem ego, nate, tuum maculavi crimine nomen,
pulsus ob invidiam solio sceptrisque patemis.
debueram patriae poenas odiisque meorum :
omnis per mortis animam sontem ipse dedissem.
nunc vivo neque adhuc homines lucemque relinquo.
sed linquam. ' ' simul hoc dicens attollit in aegrum 8 ^6
se femur et, quamquam vis alto volnere taidat,
baud delectus equum duci iubet. hoc decus illi,
hoc solamen erat, bellis hoc victor abibat
omnibus, adloquitur maerentem et talibus infit : 86o
" Rhoebe, diu, res si qua diu mortalibus ulla est,
viximus. aut hodie victor spolia ilia cruenta
et caput Aeneae referes Lausique dolorum
ultor eris mecum, aut aperit si nulla viam vis,
occumbes pariter : neque enim, fortissime, credo, 865
iussa aliena pati et dominos dignabere Teucros."
*'* corpore Py,
'*• multum] mnltom P^: niultos 7*60*.
®** multo] immundo M*. **» exilium 7%*, Serviiis,
**' quamquam vis] quamvis P*. tardet APP*y^hc.
*•* cTuenti P^, known to Servitu. ®'' doloreni P.
228
AENEID BOOK X
men stand round; he himself, sick and panting^
eased his neck^ while over his chest streams his flow-
ing beard. Many a time he asks for Lausus^ and
many a time he sends messengers to recall him, and
convey the charge of his grieving sire. But Lausus
his weeping comrades were bearing lifeless on his
armour — a mighty one and laid low by a mighty
wound. The ill-boding heart knew their wail afar.
His hoary hair he defiles with a shower of dust^
spreads both hands to heaven^ and clasps his arms
about the corpse : *' My son ! and did such joy of life
possess me^ that in my stead I suffered thee to meet
the foeman's sword — thee, whom I begat ? Am I,
thy father, saved by these wounds of thine, and
living by thy death ? Ah me ! now at last is come
to me, alas! the bitterness of death; now is my
wound driven deep ! Yea, and I, my son, stained
thy name with guilt — I, driven in loathing from the
throne and sceptre of my fathers. Long have I
owed my punishment to my country and my people's
hate; by any form of death should I myself have
yielded up my guilty life. Now I live on, and leave
not yet daylight and mankind ; but leave I will." And
with the word he raises himself on his stricken thigh,
and though his force flags by reason of the deep wound,
yet, undismayed, he bids his horse he brought. This
was his pride, this his solace ; on this he passed vic-
torious from every battle. He addresses the grieving
beast and accosts it thus : " Rhoebus, long have we
lived, if to mortal beings aught be long. To-day
thou shalt either bear off in victory yonder bloody
spoils with the head of Aeneas, and avenge with me
the sufferings of Lausus, or, if no force opens a way,
thou shalt die with me ; for thou, gallant steed, wilt
not deign, methinks, to brook a stranger's bidding
229
VIRGIL
stant lecti circum iuvenes : ipse aeger, anhelans
colla fovet, fusus propexam in pectore barbam ;
multa super Lauso rogitat multumque remittit^
qui revocent maestique ferant mandata parentis. 840
at Lausum socii exanimem super arma ferebant
flentes, ingentem atque ingenti volnere victum.
adgnovit longe gemitum praesaga mali mens ;
canitiem multo deformat pulvere et ambas
ad caelum tendit palmas et corpore inhaeret. 845
^^ tantane me tenuit vivendi, nate, voluptas,
ut pro me hostili paterer succedere dextrae,
quem genui ? tuane haec genitor per volnera server,
morte tua vivens ? heu, nunc misero mihi demum
exitium infelix, nunc alte volnus adactum ! 850
idem ego, nate, tuum maculavi crimine nomen,
pulsus ob invidiam solio sceptrisque patemis.
debueram patriae poenas odiisque meorum :
omnis per mortis animam sontem ipse dedissem.
nunc vivo neque adhuc homines lucemque relinquo.
sed linquam. ' ' simul hoc dicens attollit in aegrum 8 56
se femur et, quamquam vis alto volnere tardat,
haud deiectus equum duci iubet. hoc decus illi,
hoc solamen erat, bellis hoc victor abibat
omnibus, adloquitur maerentem et talibus infit : 86o
" Rhoebe, diu, res si qua diu mortalibus uUa est,
viximus. aut hodie victor spolia ilia cruenta
et caput Aeneae referes Lausique dolorum
ultor eris mecum, aut aperit si nulla viam vis,
occumbes pariter : neque enim, fortissime, credo, 865
iussa aliena pati et dominos dignabere Teucros."
®*8 corpore Py.
*** multum] mnltom P^; multos 7*6c*.
®** multo] immundo M*. *•* exilium y^a\ Serviiis,
®^' quamquam via] quamvis P*. tardet APF^y^hc.
^®* cruenti P\ known to Servius. *•* dolorem P.
228
AENEID BOOK X
men stand round; he himself^ sick and panting^
eased his neck^ while over his chest streams his flow-
ing beard. Many a time he asks for Lausus^ and
many a time he sends messengers to recall him, and
convey the charge of his grieving sire. But Lausus
his weeping comrades were bearing lifeless on his
armour — a mighty one and laid low by a mighty
wound. The ill-boding heart knew their wail afar.
His hoary hair he defiles with a shower of dust^
spreads both hands to heaven^ and clasps his arms
about the corpse : *' My son ! and did such joy of life
possess me^ that in my stead I suffered thee to meet
the foeman*s sword — thee, whom I begat ? Am I,
thy father, saved by these wounds of thine, and
living by thy death ? Ah me ! now at last is come
to me, alas ! the bitterness of death ; now is my
wound driven deep ! Yea, and I, my son, stained
thy name with guilt — I, driven in loathing from the
throne and sceptre of my fathers. Long have I
owed my punishment to my country and my people's
hate; by any form of death should I myself have
yielded up my guilty life. Now I live on, and leave
not yet daylight and mankind ; but leave I will." And
with the word he raises himself on his stricken thigh,
and though his force flags by reason of the deep wound,
yet, undismayed, he bids his horse he brought. This
was his pride, this his solace ; on this he passed vic-
torious from every battle. He addresses the grieving
beast and accosts it thus : " Rhoebus, long have we
lived, if to mortal beings aught be long. To-day
thou shalt either bear off in victory yonder bloody
spoils with the head of Aeneas, and avenge with me
the sufferings of Lausus, or, if no force opens a way,
thou shalt die with me ; for thou, gallant steed, wilt
not deign, methinks, to brook a stranger's bidding
229
1
VIRGIL
stant lecti circum iuvenes : ipse aeger, anhelans
colla fovet, fusus propexam in pectore barbam ;
multa super Lauso rogitat multumque remittit^
qui revocent maestique ferant mandata parentis. 840
at Lausum socii exanimem super arma ferebant
flentes, ingentem atque ingenti vobiere victum.
adgnovit longe gemitum praesaga mali mens ;
canitiem multo deformat pulvere et ambas
ad caelum tendit palmas et corpore inhaeret. 845
" tantane me tenuit vivendi, nate, voluptas,
ut pro me hostili paterer suecedere dextrae,
quem genui ? tuane haec genitor per vokiera server,
morte tua vivens ? heu, nunc misero mihi demum
exitium infelix, nunc alte volnus adactum ! 850
idem ego, nate, tuum maculavi crimine nomen,
pulsus ob invidiam solio sceptrisque patemis.
debueram patriae poenas odiisque meorum :
omnis per mortis animam sontem ipse dedissem.
nunc vivo neque adhuc homines lucemque relinquo.
sed linquam. ' ' simul hoc dicens attollit in aegrum 856
se femur et, quamquam vis alto volnere tardat,
baud deiectus equum duci iubet. hoc decus illi,
hoc solamen erat, bellis hoc victor abibat
omnibus, adloquitur maerentem et talibus infit : 860
" Rhoebe, diu, res si qua diu mortalibus ulla est,
viximus. aut hodie victor spolia ilia cruenta
et caput Aeneae referes Lausique dolorum
ultor eris mecum, aut aperit si nulla viam vis,
occumbes pariter : neque enim, fortissime, credo, 865
iussa aliena pati et dominos dignabere Teucros.*'
*'* corpore Py.
*'^ multum] multom P^: multos 7*6c*.
®** multo] immundo if*. **® exilium y^a^, Serviiis.
**' quamquam vis] quamvis P*. tardet M^P*y^hc.
®«* cruenti P^, known to Servius. ®** dolorem P.
228
AENEID BOOK X
men stand round; he himself^ sick and panting^
eased his neck^ while over his chest streams his flow-
ing beard. Many a time he asks for Lausus^ and
many a time he sends messengers to recall him, and
convey the charge of his grieving sire. But Lausus
his weeping comrades were bearing lifeless on his
armour — a mighty one and laid low by a mighty
wound. The ill-boding heart knew their wail afar.
His hoary hair he defiles with a shower of dust^
spreads both hands to heaven^ and clasps his arms
about the corpse : *' My son ! and did such joy of life
possess me^ that in my stead I suffered thee to meet
the foeman's sword — thee^ whom I begat ? Am I^
thy father, saved by these wounds of thine, and
living by thy death ? Ah me ! now at last is come
to me, alas ! the bitterness of death ; now is my
wound driven deep ! Yea, and I, my son, stained
thy name with guilt — I, driven in loathing from the
throne and sceptre of my fathers. Long have I
owed my punishment to my country and my people's
hate ; by any form of death should I myself have
yielded up my guilty life. Now I live on, and leave
not yet daylight and mankind ; but leave I will." And
with the word he raises himself on his stricken thigh,
and though his force flags by reason of the deep wound,
yet, undismayed, he bids his horse he brought. This
was his pride, this his solace ; on this he passed vic-
torious from every battle. He addresses the grieving
beast and accosts it thus : " Rhoebus, long have we
lived, if to mortal beings aught be long. To-day
thou shalt either bear off in victory yonder bloody
spoils with the head of Aeneas, and avenge with me
the sufferings of Lausus, or, if no force opens a way,
thou shalt die with me ; for thou, gallant steed, wilt
not deign, methinks, to brook a stranger's bidding
229
VIRGIL
stant lecti circum iuvenes : ipse aeger^ anhelans
coUa fovet, fusus propexam in pectore barbam ;
multa super Lauso rogitat multumque remittit^
qui revocent maestique ferant mandata parentis. 840
at Lausum soeii exanimem super arma ferebant
flentes, ingentem atque ingenti volnere victum.
adgnovit longe gemitum praesaga mali mens ;
canitiem multo deformat pulvere et ambas
ad caelum tendit palmas et corpore inhaeret. 84*5
" tantane me tenuit vivendi, nate, voluptas,
ut pro me hostili paterer succedere dextrae,
quem genui? tuane haec genitor per volnera servor,
morte tua vivens ? heu, nunc misero mihi demum
exitium infelix^ nunc alte volnus adactum ! 850
idem ego^ nate^ tuum maculavi crimine nomen^
pulsus ob invidiam solio sceptrisque patemis.
debueram patriae poenas odiisque meorum :
omnis per mortis animam sontem ipse dedissem.
nunc vivo neque adhuc homines lucemque relinquo.
sed linquam. * ' simul hoc dicens attollit in aegrum 8 5G
se femur et, quamquam vis alto volnere tardat,
baud delectus equum duci iubet. hoc decus illi,
hoc solamen erat, bellis hoc victor abibat
omnibus, adloquitur maerentem et talibus infit : 86o
" Rhoebe, diu, res si qua diu mortalibus ulla est,
viximus. aut hodie victor spolia ilia cruenta
et caput Aeneae referes Lausique dolorum
ultor eris mecum, aut aperit si nulla viam vis,
occumbes pariter : neque enim, fortissime, credo, 865
iussa aliena pati et dominos dignabere Teucros."
®'8 corpore Py.
®*® multum] multom P^: multos y*bc*.
®** multo] immundo M\ *** exilium y'^a\ Sermiis^
**' quamquam vis] quamvis P*. ta-rdet M^P^y^hr.
*•* cruenti P\ known to Servius. *•* dolorein P.
228
i
VIRGIL
stant lecti circum iuvenes : ipse aeger, anhelans
colla fovet, fusus propexam in pectore barbam ;
multa super Lauso rogitat multumque remittit^
qui revocent maestique ferant mandata parentis. 840
at Lausum socii exanimem super arma ferebant
flentes, ingentem atque ingenti volnere victum.
adgnovit longe gemitum praesaga mali mens ;
canitiem multo deformat pulvere et ambas
ad caelum tendit palmas et corpore inhaeret. 84«5
^^ tantane me tenuit vivendi, nate, voluptas,
ut pro me hostili paterer succedere dextrae,
quem genui ? tuane haee genitor per volnera server,
morte tua vivens ? heu, nunc misero mihi demum
exitium infelix, nunc alte volnus adactum ! 850
idem ego, nate, tuum maculavi crimine nomen,
pulsus ob invidiam solio sceptrisque patemis.
debueram patriae poenas odiisque meorum :
omnis per mortis animam sontem ipse dedissem.
nunc vivo neque adhuc homines lucemque relinquo.
sed linquam. * ' simul hoc dicens attollit in aegrum 856
se femur et, quamquam vis alto volnere tardat,
baud deiectus equum duci iubet. hoc decus illi,
hoc solamen erat, bellis hoc victor abibat
omnibus, adloquitur maerentem et talibus infit : 86o
" Rhoebe, diu, res si qua diu mortalibus ulla est,
viximus. aut hodie victor spolia ilia cruenta
et caput Aeneae referes Lausique dolorum
ultor eris mecum, aut aperit si nulla viam vis,
occumbes pariter : neque enim, fortissime, credo, 865
iussa aliena pati et dominos dignabere Teucros,"
®'8 corpore Py.
®*® multum] mill torn P^: multos 7*6c*.
®** multo] immundo if*. ®*® exilium 7%*, Serviiis,
®^' quamquam vis] quamvis P*. tardet APP^y^hc.
®" cruenti P\ hnown to Servius. ®** dolorem P.
228
VIRGIL
dixit et exceptus tergo consueta locavit
membra manusque ambas iaculis oneravit acutis^
aere caput fiilgens cristaque hirsutus equina.
sic cursum in medios rapidus dedit. aestuat ingens 870
uno in corde pudor mixtoque insania luctu.
Atque hie Aenean magna ter voce vocavit. 873
Aeneas adgnovit enim laetusque precatur :
^' sic pater ille deum faciat^ sic aitus Apollo ! 875
incipias conferre manum."
tantum effatus^ et infesta subit obvius hasta.
ille autem : '' quid me erepto, saevissime, nato
terres ? haec via sola fuit, qua perdere posses,
nee mortem horremus nee divum parcimus ulli. 880
desine : nam venio moriturus et haec tibi porto
dona prius." dixit telunique intorsit in hostem.
inde aliud super atque aliud figitque volatque
ingenti gyro, sed sustinet aureus umbo,
ter circum adstantem laevos equitavit in orbis, 885
tela manu iaciens, ter secum Troius heros
immanem aerato circumfert tegmine silvam.
inde ubi tot traxisse moras, tot spicula taedet
vellere et urgetur pugna congressus iniqua,
multa movens animo iam tandem erumpit et inter 890
bellatoris equi cava tempora conicit hastam.
toUit se arrectum quadrupes et calcibus auras
verberat effusumque equitem super ipse secutus
implicat eiectoque incumbit cemuus armo.
clamore incendunt caelum Troesque Latinique. 895
advolat Aeneas vaginaque eripit ensem
«'» = XII. 668, omitted hy MPMyWb.
888 fugitque M^P^c^, *®* aereus MP.
887 agiuine 7*. ®^* cernalus P^HyK
230
AENEID BOOK X
and a Trojan lord ! " He spoke^ and^ mounting the
beast^ settled his limbs as was his wont^ and charged
either hand with sharp javelins^ his head glittering
with brass and bristling with horse-liair plume.
Thus he swiftly dashed into the midst. In that
single heart surges a vast tide of shame and madness
mingled with grief.
®73 And now thrice in loud tones he called Aeneas.
Yea^ and Aeneas knew the call^ and offers jo3rful
prayer : " So may the great father of the gods grant
it, so Apollo on high ! Mayest thou begin the com-
bat ! " So much said, he moves on to meet him with
levelled spear. But he : " Why seek to affright me,
fierce foe, now my son is taken ? This was the one
way whereby thou couldst destroy me. We shrink
not from death, nor heed we any of the gods.
Cease; for I come to die, first bringing thee these
gifts." He spoke, and hurled a javelin at his foe ;
then plants another and yet another, wheeling in
wide circle; but the boss of gold withstands all.
Thrice round his watchful foe he rode, turning to
the left and launching darts from his hand ; thrice
the Trojan hero bears round with him the vast forest
of spears upon his brazen shield. Then, weary of
prolonging so many delays, of plucking out so many
darts, and hard pressed in the unequal fray, at last
with much pondering in heart, he springs forth and
hurls his lance full between the war-horse's hollow
temples. The steed rears up, lashes the air with its
feet, then throws the rider and itself coming down
above, entangles him ; then falls over him in headlong
plunge, and with shoulder out of joint. With their
cries Trojans and Latins set heaven aflame. Up flies
Aeneas, plucks his sword from the scabbard, and
231
VIRGIL
et super haec : " ubi nunc Mezentius acer et ilia
effera vis animi ? " contra Tyrrhenus, ut auras
suspiciens hausit caelum mentemque recepit :
'' hostis amare, quid increpitas mortemque minaris ?
nullum in caede nefas^ nee sic ad proelia veni, 901
nee tecum mens haec pepigit mihi foedera Lausus.
unum hoc per si qua est victis venia hostibus oro :
corpus humo patiare tegi. scio acerba meorum
circumstare odia : hunc^ oro^ defende furorem 905
et me consortem nati concede sepulchro."
haec loquitur iuguloque baud inscius accipit ensem
undantique animam diffundit in arma cruore.
8" lit] et if«P»i2V.
*°* aniina P\ defundit HyK cruorem MP\
232
AENEID BOOK X
thus above him cries : " Where now is bold Mezen-
tius, and that wild fierceness of soul ? " To him the
Tuscan^ as with eyes upturned to the air he drank
in the heaven and regained his sense : " Bitter foe,
why thy taunts and threats of death ? No sin is
there in .slaying me ; not on such terms came I to
battle, nor is such the pact my Lausus pledged
between me and thee. This alone I ask, by what-
soever grace a vanquished foe may claim : suffer my
body to be laid in earth. I know that my people's
fierce hatred besets me. Guard me, I pray, from
their fury, and grant me fellowship with my son
within the tomb." So speaks he, and, unfaltering,
welcomes the sword to his throat, and pours forth
his life over his annour in streams of blood.
233
LIBER XI
OcEANUM interea surgens Aurora reliquit : mpr
Aeneas^ quamquam et sociis dare tempus humandis
praecipitant curae turbataque funere mens est,
vota deum primo victor solvebat Eoo.
ingentem quercum decisis undique ramis 5
constituit tumulo fulgentiaque induit anna,
Mezenti ducis exuvias, tibi, magne, tropaeum,
bellipotens ; aptat rorantis sanguine cristas
telaque trunca viri, et bis sex thoraca petitum
perfossumque locis, clipeumque ex aere sinistrae 1 0
subligat atque ensem collo suspendit eburnum.
turn socios (namque omnis eum stipata tegebat
turba ducum) sic incipiens hortatur ovantis :
^^ Maxima res effecta, viri ; timor omnis abesto,
quod superest ; haec sunt spolia et de rege superbo 1 5
primitiae manibusque meis Mezentius hie est.
nunc iter ad regem nobis murosque Latinos,
arma parate animis et spe praesumite bellum,
ne qua mora ignaros, ubi primum vellere signa
adnuerint superi pubemque educere castris, 20
^^ Serviua notes that animis may be taken urUh either the
words preceding or those following. M puncttiates after animis.
^ Aeneas has two duties to perform, to bury the dead and
to pay his vow. The latter he attends to first, according to
234
I ^^1
BOOK XI
Meanwhile dawn rose and left the ocean. Aeneas,
though his sorrows urge to give time for his com-
rades* burial, and death has bewildered his soul, yet
as the Day-star rose, began to pay the gods his vows
of victory. 1 A mighty oak, its branches lopped all
about, he plants on a mound, and arrays in the
gleaming arms stripped from Mezentius the chief, a
trophy to thee, thou Lord of War.^ Thereto he
fastens the crests dripping with blood, the soldier's
broken darts, and the breastplate smitten and pierced
twice six times ; to the left hand he binds the brazen
shield, and from the neck hangs the ivory sword.
Then his triumphant comrades — for the whole band
of chieftains thronged close about him — he thus
begins to exhort:
14 " Mighty deeds have we wrought, my men ; for
what remains, away with all fear! These are the
spoils and firstfruits of a haughty king ; and here is
Mezentius, as fashioned by my hands. Now lies our
march to Latium's king and walls. Prepare your
weaiK)ns with courage and with your hopes anticipate
the war ; so that, soon as the gods above grant us to
pluck hence our standards, and from the camp to lead
Roman ritual ; his inclination would have led him to bury
his comrades first.
^ In the trophy here described, the tree-trunk doubtless
represents the oody of the vanquished foe,
235
VIRGIL
impediat segnisve metu sententia tardet.
interea socios inhumataque corpora terrae
mandemus^ qui solus honos Acheronte sub imo est.
ite/' ait, '^ egregias animas, quae sanguine nobis
banc patriam peperere suo, decorate supremis 25
muneribus maestamque Euandri primus ad urbem
mittatur Pallas, quem non virtutis egentem •
abstulit atra dies et funere mersit acerbo.**
Sic ait inlacrimans recipitque ad limina gressum,
corpus ubi exanimi positum Pallantis Acoetes 30
servabat senior, qui Parrhasio Euandro
armiger ante fuit, sed non felicibus aeque
turn comes auspiciis caro datus ibat alumno.
circum omnis famulumque manus Troianaque turba
et maestum Iliades crinem de more solutae. 35
ut vero Aeneas foribus sese intulit altis,
ingentem gemitum tunsis ad sidera toUunt \
pectoribus maestoque immugit regia luctu.
ipse caput nivei fultum Pallantis et ora
ut vidit levique patens in pectore volnus . 40
cuspidis Ausoniae, lacrimis ita fatur obortis :
" tene,** inquit, " miserande puer, cum laeta veniret,
in vidit Fortuna mihi, ne regna videres
nostra neque ad sedes victor veherere paternas ?
non haec Euandro de te promissa parenti 45
discedens dederam, cum me complexus euntem
mitteret in magnum imperium metuensque moneret
acris esse viros, cum dura proelia gente.
et nunc ille quidem spe multum captus inani
fors et vota facit cumulatque altaria donis ; 50
" -ve M^H : -que M^Py, «» est omitted in PE,
** qui Macrdbius. ** = vi. 429
236
AENEID BOOK XI
forth the host^ no delay may impede us unawares or
faltering purpose retard us through fear. Meanwhile
let- us commit to earth the unburied bodies of our
comrades — sole honour theirs in nether Acheron.
Go/' he said, " grace with the last rites those noble
souls, who with their blood have won for us this our
country; and first let Pallas be sent to Evander's
mourning city, lie whom, lacking naught of valour,
the black day swept off and plunged in bitter
death."
2® So he speaks weeping, and retraces his steps to
the threshold, where Pallas' jifelegg. body was laid,
watched by old Acoetes, who erstwhile was armour-
bearer to Parrhasian Evander, but now with less
happy auspices went as appointed guardian to his
loved foster-child. Around stood all the attendant
train and Trojan throng, with the Ilian women, their
hair unloosed for mourning in wonted wise. But
when Aeneas entered the lofty portal, they smote
their breasts and raised a mighty wail to the stars,
and the royal dwelling rang with their sorrowful
lamentation. He, when he saw the pillowed head
and face of Pallas, snowy-white, and, on his smooth
breast, the gaping wound from Ausonian spear, thus
speaks, amid upwelling tears: "Was it thou, un-
happy boy, that Fortune grudged me in her happy
hour, that thou mightest not look upon my realm,
nor ride triumphant to thy father's home.'^ Not
such the parting promise touching thee I gave thy
sire Evander, when he embraced me as I went, and
sent me forth to win great empire, yet warned me
in fear that vali$int were the men and hardy the race
we confronted. And now he, much beguiled by idle
hope, perchance is offering vows and heaping the
237
VIRGIL
robora nee cuneis et olentem seindere cedrum
nee plaustris cessant vectare gementibus ornos.
Et iam Fama volans^ tanti praenuntia luetus^
Euandrum Euandrique domos et moenia replet, 1 40
quae modo victorem Latio Pallanta ferebat.
Arcades ad portas ruere et de more vetusto
funereas rapuere faces ; lucet via longo
ordine flammarum et late discriminat agros.
contra turba Phrygum veniens plangentia iungit 1 45
agmina. quae postquam matres succedere tectis
viderunt^ maestam incendunt clamoribus urbem.
at non Euandrum potis est vis ulla tenere^
sed venit in medios. feretro Pallante reposto
procubuit super atque haeret lacrimansque
gemensque, 1 50
et via vix tandem voci laxata dolore est :
" non haec, o Palla, dederas promissa parentis
cautius ut saevo velles te credere Marti,
baud ignarus eram^ quantum nova gloria in armis
et praedulce decus primo certamine posset. 155
primitiae iuvenis miserae bellique propinqui
dura rudimenta et nulli exaudita deorum
vota precesque meae I tuque, o sanctissima coniunx,
felix morte tua neque in hunc servata dolorcm !
contra ego vivendo vici mea fata, superstes l60
restarem ut genitor. Troum socia arma secutum
obruerent Rutuli telis ! animam ipse dedissem
atque haec pompa domum me, non Pallanta referret !
nee vos arguerim, Teucri, nee foedera nee quas
"0 conplet J/a. i« iungunt M,
"» Pallanta MK
^** vocis Py : voces if ^ ; voci M^H.
**' Some place a period after parenti : petenti knoum to
Servius.
. i«4 arguerem E.
244
AENEID BOOK XI
star-towering pines^ and ceaselessly their wedges
cleave oak and fragrant cedar^ and groaning wains
convey the mountain-ash.
1^^ And now winged Fame, harbinger of that heavy
grief, fills Evander s ears, Evander's house and city —
Fame, that but now proclaimed Pallas victorious in
Latium. The Arcadians streamed to the gates, and
after their ancient wont, seized funeral torches ; the
road gleams with the long line of flame, and parts
the fields afar.^ The Phrygian band, moving to meet
them, joins the wailing throng. Soon as the matrons
saw them draw near their homes, their shrieks set
the mourning city ablaze. But no force can withhold
Evander; he rushes into the midst, and, when the
bier is set down, casts himself upon Pallas, and clings
to him weeping and moaning, and scarce from sorrow
at the last does his speech find open way : '' Not
such, O Pallas, was the promise thou hadst given
thy sire, that thou wouldst seek more warily to en-
trust thyself to cruel Mars ! Weil knew I how strong
was the fresh glory of arms and the oversweet pride
of battle's first day! O bitter firstfruits of thy
youth ! O cruel schooling in close-neighbouring war !
0 vows, O prayers of mine, to which no god gave
ear ! And thou, my blessed spouse,^ happy in thy
death, and spared not for this grief! But I, living
on, have overcome my destiny, only to linger thus —
thy father! Would I had followed Troy's allied
arms, to be overwhelmed by Rutulian darts ! Would
1 had given my own life, and this funeral-pomp were
bringing me — not Pallas — ^home ! Yet I would not
blame you, ye Trojans, nor our covenant, nor the
* The line of light, stretching across the fields at night
divides them like a roadway.
* Like »ancte partnsy Aen. v. 80.
245
VIRGIL
iunximus hospitio dextras : sors ista senectae l65
debita erat nostrae. quod si immatura manebat
mors gnatum, caesis Volscorum milibus ante
ducentem in Latium Teucros cecidisse iuvabit.
quin ego non alio digner te funere, Palla,
quam pius Aeneas et quam magni Phryges et quani 1 70
Tyrrhenique duces, Tyrrhenum exercitus omnis.
magna tropaea ferunt, quos dat tua dextera Leto ;
tu quoque nunc stares imnianis truncus in armis,
esset par aetas et idem si robur ab annis,
Turne. sed infelix Teucros quid demoror armis ? 175
vadite et haec memores regi mandata referte :
quod vitam moror invisam, Pallante perempto,
dextera causa tua est, Turnum gnatoque patrique
quam debere vides. mentis vacat hie tibi solus
fortunaeque locus, non vitae gaudia quaero 180
(nee fas), sed gnato Manis perferre sub imos."
Aurora interea miseris mortalibus almam
extulerat lucem, referens opera atque labores :
iam pater Aeneas, iam curvo in litore Tarchon
constituere pyras. hue corpora quisque suorum 185
more tulere patrum, subiectisque ignibus atris
conditur in tenebras altum caligine caelum.
ter circum accensos cincti fulgentibus armis
decurrere rogos, ter maestum funeris ignem
lustravere in equis ululatusque ore dedere. 190
spargitur et tellus lacrimis, sparguntur et arma.
it caelo clamorque virum clangorque tubarum.
hie alii spolia occisis derepta Latinis
coniciunt igni, galeas ensisque decoros
*®® iuvaret M : iuvare R, ^'* ferant R'y\
"• audite i2. i" cuncti R,
246
AENEID BOOK XI
hands we clasped in friendship : this lot was due to
my gray hairs. But if untimely death awaited my
son^ it shall be my joy that^ after slaying his Volscian
thousands^ he fell leading the Trojans into Latium !
Nay, Pallas, I myself could deem thee worthy of no
other death than good Aeneas does, than the mighty
Phrygians, than the Tyrrhene captains, and all the
Tyrrhenian host. Great are the trophies they bring,
to whom thy hand deals death ; ^ thou, too, Turnus,
wouldst now be standing, a monstrous trunk arrayed
in arms, had thine age and strength of years been as
his! But why do I, unhappy, stay the Teucrians
from conflict ? Go, and forget not to bear this mes-
sage to your king: that I drag on a life hateful
now that Pallas is slain, the cause is thy right hand,
which thou seest owes Turnus to son and to sire.
That sole field is left thee for thy merits and thy
fortune. 1 ask not for joy in life — that cannot be —
but to bear tidings to my son in the shades below."
^^ Meanwhile Dawn had uplifted her kindly light
for weary men, recalling them to task and toU. Now
father Aeneas, now Tarchon, had set up pyres on
the winding shore. Hither, after the fashion of
their fathers, they each brought the bodies of their
kin, and as the murky fires are lit beneath, high
heaven is veiled in the gloom of darkness. Thrice,
girt in glittering armour, they ran their course round
the blazing piles ; thrice circled on their steeds the
moumftil funeral-fire, and uttered the voice of wail-
ing. Tears stream on earth, and stream on armour ;
cries of men and blare of clarions mount to heaven.
And now some fling on the fire Latin spoils stripped
from the slain, helmets and goodly swords, bridles
^ The slain warriors themselves are said to bring the
trophies Pallas can display.
247
VIRGIL
freimque terveiitisque rotas, pars munera nota, 195
i(>8(>ruiii cli|)eos et non felicia tela,
niulta bouu) circa mactantur corpora Mortl^
saeti^rosque sues raptasque ex omnibus agris
ill flamuaui iugulant pecudes. turn litore toto
ardentis s|)ectant socios semustaque servant 200
busta, neque avelli possunt^ nox umida donee
invertit caelum stellis ardentibus aptum.
Nee minus et miseri diversa in parte Latini
innumeras struxere pyras, et corpora partim
MUilta virum terrae infodiunt avectaque partim 205
iinitimos toUunt in agros urbique remittunt ;
cetera confusaeque ingentem caedis acervum
nee numero nee honore cremant ; tunc undique vasti
certatini crcbris conlucent ignibus agri.
tertia lux gelidam caelo dimoverat umbram : 210
maerentes altum cinerem et confusa ruebant
ossa focis tepidoque onerabant aggere terrae.
iara vero in tectis, praedivitis urbe Latini,
praecipuus fragor et longi pars maxima luctus.
hie matres miseraeque nurus, hie cara sororum 215
pectora maerentum puerique parentibus oi'bi
dirum exsecrantur bellum Turnique hymenaeos ;
ipsum armis ipsumque iubent decemere ferro,
qui regnum Italiae et primos sibi poscat honores.
ingravat haec saevus Prances solumque vocari 220
testatur, solum posci in certamina Turnum.
multa simul contra variis sententia dictis
pro Turno, et magnum reginae nomen obumbrat,
multa virum mentis sustentat fama tropaeis.
"« fulgentibua R.
»*»' atragis A*.
*** longe 6c, approved hy Servius.
«" haeo] et Py\
^** virum] simul M^,
^48
AENEID BOOK XI
and glowing wheels; others^ oflTerings familiar to
the dead — their own shields and luckless weapons.
Around^ many a stout ox is sacrificed to Death;
bristly swine and cattle harried from all the country
are slaughtered over the flames. Then^ over all the
shore^ they watch their comrades burnings and keep
guard above the charred pyres^ nor can tear them>
selves away till dewy night rolls round the heaven^
inset with gleaming stars. ^
203 Nor less, elsewhere, the hapless Latins built
pyres innumerable. Of their many slain, some they
bury in the earth, some they raise and carry to the
neighbouring fields or send home to the city; the
rest, a mighty mass of indistinguishable slaughter,
they bum unreckoned and unhonoured: then on
all sides, emulous with close-clustering fires, flare
the broad fields. The third mom had withdrawn
chill shade from heaven; mournfully they stirred
from the pyres the bones mingled with deep ashes,
and heaped above them a warm mound of earth.
But within the walls, in the city of rich Latinus, is
the chief uproar and the long wail's largest portion.
Here mothers and their sons' unhappy brides, here
the loving hearts of sorrowing sisters, and boys bereft
of sires, call curses on the fell war and on Turnus*
nuptials : " He, he himself," they cry, " should decide
the issue by arms and the sword, he who claims for
himself the realm of Italy and foremost honours."
Fierce Drances weights the scale, and bears witness
that Turnus alone is called, alone is summoned to
battle. Over against them, the while, many an opinion
in varied phrase speaks for Turnus, the shadow of
the queen's great name is his shelter, and many a
tale with well-won trophies upholds the hero.
1 c/. Acn, II. 250 and iv. 482 ( = vi. 797).
249
VIRGIL
Hos inter motus, medio in flagrante tumultu, 225
ecce super maesti magna Diomedis ab urbe
legati responsa ferunt : nihil omnibus actum
tantorum impensis operum^ nil dona neque aurum
nee magnas valuisse preces^ alia arma Lfatinis
quaerenda^ aut paeem Troiano ab rege petendum. 230
deficit ingenti luctu rex ipse Latinus.
fatalem Aenean manifesto numine ferri
admonet ira deum tumulique ante ora recentes.
ergo concilium magnum primosque suorum
imperio accitos alta intra limina cogit. 235
oUi convenere ruuntque ad regia plenis
tecta viis. sedet in mediis et maximus aevo
et primus sceptris baud laeta fronte Latinus.
atque hie legatos Aetola ex urbe remissos,
quae referant, fari iubet et responsa reposcit 240
ordine cuncta suo. tum facta sllentia linguis^
et Venulus dicto parens ita farier infit :
" Vidimus, o cives, Diomede Argivaque castra
atque iter emensi casus superavimus omnis,
contigimusque manum, qua concidit Ilia tellus. 245
ille urbem Arg3n'ipam patriae cognomine gentis
victor Gargani condebat lapygis agris.
postquam introgressi et coram data copia fandi,
munera praeferimus, nomen patriamque docemus,
qui bellum intulerint, quae causa attraxerit Arpos. 250
auditis ille haec placido sic reddidit ore :
" ^ O fortunatae gentes, Saturnia regna,
antiqui Ausonii, quae vos fortuna quietos
soUicitat suadetque ignota lacessere bella ?
*'* petendam M^PEy : petendum Servivs,
«" fluuntque P^By,
'" Diomede o^bH: Diomeden MPRy : Diomedem ir^ferior
3fSS.
«« arvis 6«, Servitis. «" edidit J/«.
250
AENEID BOOK XI
235 Amid this stir, at the fiery turmoil's height, lo !
to crown all, from Diomede's great city the envoys
bring a gloomy answer : naught has been gained at
cost of so much toil ; naught have gifts of gold or
strong prayers availed ; Latium must seek other
arms or sue for peace to the Trojan king. Beneath
his weight of grief even king Latin us sinks. That
Aeneas is called of fate, guided by heaven's clear
will, is the warning given by angry gods and the
fresh graves before his eyes. Therefore his high
council, the foremost of his people, he summons by
royal conmiand and convenes within his lofty portals.
They assembled, streaming to the king's palace
through the crowded streets. In their midst, eldest
in years and first in regal state, with little joy upon
his brow, sits Latinus, and now bids the envoys,
returned from the Aetolian city, tell what tidings
they bring back, and demands full answers, each in
order. Then on all tongues fell silence, and,
obedient to his word, Venulus thus begins:
243 « 'We have seen, O citizens, Diomede. and his
Argive camp ; we have achieved our journey, over-
come all perils, and grasped the hand whereby the
land of Ilium fell. He was founding his city of
Arg3rripa, named after his father's race, in the con-
quered fields of lapygian Garganus. Soon as we
entered, and liberty was given to speak before his
face, we proffer our gifts, and declare our name and
country, who are its invaders, and what cause has
led us to Arpi. He heard and thus replied with
unruffled mien :
252 a c o happy peoples of Saturn's realm, sons of
old Ausonia, what chance vexes your calm and lures
you to provoke warfare unknown ? All we who with
251
VIRGIL
. quicumque Iliacos ferro violavimus agros 255
(mitto ea^ quae muris bellando exhausta sub altis^
quos Simois premat ille viros)^ infanda per orbem
supplicia et scelerum poenas expendimus omnes,
vel Priamo miseranda manus : scit triste Minervae
sidus et Euboicae cautes ultorque Caphereus. 260
militia ex ilia divers um ad litus abacti
Atrides Protei Menelaus adusque columnas
exsulat^ Aetnaeos vidit Cyclopas Ulixes.
regna Neoptolemi referam versosque penatis
Idomenei ? Libyeone habitantis litore Locros ? 265
ipse Mycenaeus magnorum ductor Aehivum
coniugis infandae prima intra limina dextra
oppetiit, devietam Asiam subsedit adulter,
invidisse deos, patriis ut redditus aris
coniugium optatum et pulchram Calydona viderem ?
nunc etiam horribili visu portenta sequuntur, 271
et soeii amissi petierunt aethera pinnis
fluminibusque vagantur aves (heu dira meorum
supplicia!) et scopulos laerimosis vocibus.implent.
haec adeo ex illo mihi iam speranda fuerunt 275
tempore, cum ferro caelestia corpora demens
adpetii et Veneris violavi volnere dextram.
ne vero, ne me ad talis impellite pugnas.
*" adacti MK
264, 865 placed after 268 by Rtbbeck, Benoist, and others,
■•' inter Py^j Ma^robitis.
*•• devicta Asia y*b*c, preferred by Servixia. poesedib
M^Jiy*, Alacrobius.
"* amissis P^: admissis known to Servitis,
«76 adeo] eadem Py\
* As the Greeks were returning from Troy, Pallas Minerva
sent a storm apon them, and Nauplius, king of Euboea, hung
252
AENEID BOOK XI
steel profaned the fields of Troy — I speak not of the
sorrows we suffered in war beneath her lofty walls,
of the heroes whom yonder Simois o'erwhelms — M^e,
the wide world over, have paid all manner of penal-
ties in nameless tortures, a band that even Priam
might pity : witness Minerva's baleful star, the
Euboic cliffs, and avenging Caphereus.^ From that
warfare driven to diverse shores, Menelaus, son of
Atreus, is in exile far as the pillars of Proteus ; and
Ulysses has looked on the Cyclopes of Aetna. Shall
I tell of the realm of Neoptolemus and the home of
Idomeneus overthrown ! or of the Locrians who dwell
on Libya's shore ? Even the Mycenaean, the mighty
Achaeans' chief, scarce within the threshold, fell by
his wicked wife's hand ; behind vanquished Asia
lurked a paramour ! ^ Ah ! that heaven hath be-
grudged me return to my country's altars, and sight
of the wife I long for, and lovely Calydon ! Even
now, portents of dreadful view pursue me ; my lost
comrades have winged their way to the sky or haunt
the streams as birds — ^alas ! the dire punishment of
my people ! — ^and fill the cliffs with their tearful
cries.* Such, even such, was the fate 1 had to look
for from that hour when with the steel I madly
assailed celestial limbs, and profaned the hand of
Venus with a wound.* Nay, nay, urge me not to
out false lights, so that the fleet was wrecked on the pro-
montory of Caphereus.
^ Aegisthus, paramour of Clytemnestra, aided her in the
murder of the returning Agamemon. Thus for the victor
came "first the triumph, then the assassin's stroke."
^ Some of the companions of Diomede were changed into
sea-birds, which haunted the Diomede Islands off the Apu-
lian promontory of Garganus.
* How Diomede wounded Aphrodite is told in Iliadf v.
318 ff.
253
VIRGIL
nee mihi cum Teucris ullum post eruta bellum
Pergama, nee veterum memini laetorve malorum. 280
munera, quae patriis ad me portatis ab oris,
vertite ad Aenean. stetimus tela aspera eontra
eontulimusque manus : experto eredite, quantus
in elipeum adsurgat, quo turbine torqueat hastara.
si duo praeterea talis Idaea tulisset 285
terra viros, ultro Inaehias venisset ad urbes
Dardanus et versis lugeret Graeeia fatis.
quidquid apud durae cessatum est moenia Troiae,
Hectoris Aeneaeque manu vietoria Graium
haesit et in deeimum vestigia rettulit annum. 290
ambo animis, ambo insignes praestantibus amiis ;
hie pietate prior, eoeant in foedera dextrae,
qua datur ; ast armis eoneurrant arma eavete/
et responsa simul quae sint, rex optime, regis
audisti et quae sit magno sententia bello." 295
Vix ea legati, variusque per ora eueurrit
Ausonidum turbata fremor : ceu saxa morantur
eum rapidos amnis, fit clauso gurgite murmur
vicinaeque fremunt ripae erepitantibus undis.
ut primum placati animi et trepida ora quierunt, 300
praefatus divos solio rex infit ab alto :
" Ante equidem summa de re statuisse, Latini,
et vellem et fuerat melius, non tempore tali
cogere eoneilium, eum muros adsidet hostis.
bellum importunum, cives, cum gente deorum 805
invictisque viris gerimus, quos nulla fatigant
*'• bellum est /2. *** portastis he, Servhis.
«" certatum M*. »" obsidet Afbc*,
254
AENEID BOOK XI
such battles ! Neither have I any war with Teucer's
race since Troy*s towers fell, nor have I joyful re-
membrance of the ills of old. The gifts that ye
bring me from your country's bounds take rather to
Aeneas. We have faced his fierce weapons, and
fought him hand to hand : trust one who proved it,
how huge he looms above his shield, with what whirl-
wind he hurls his spear ! Had Ida's land borne two
others like to him, the Trojans had even stormed the
towns of Inachus,^ and Greece would be mourning,
with doom reversed. In all our tarrying before the
walls of stubborn Troy, it was by the hand of Hector
and Aeneas that the Greeks' victory was halted and
withdrew its advent till the tenth year. Both were
renowned for courage, both eminent in arms ; Aeneas
was first in piety. Join hand to hand in treaty, as
best ye may ; but beware your swords clash not with
his ! ' Thou hast heard, noble King, what the King
replies, and what he counsels on this mighty war."
^^ Scarce thus the envoys, when a various murmur
ran along the troubled lips of Ausonia's sons : even
as, when rocks delay a rushing river, there rises a
roar from the pent-up flood, and the neighbouring
banks echo to the plashing waters. Soon as minds
were calmed and restless tongues were hushed, the
king, first calling on heaven, from his high throne
begins :
802 ct That ere now, O Latins, we had determined
on our country's weal, I both could wish, and it had
been better; not to convene a council at such an
hour, when the foe is seated at our walls. A war
unblest, O my countrymen, we are wagmg with a
race divine, with men unconquered ; no battles weary
^ Inacluis was the first king of Argos, and Argos indicates
Greek cities in general.
255
VIRGIL
proelia, nee victi possunt absistere ferro.
spem si quam adscitis Aetolum habuistis in armis^
ponite. spes sibi quisque ; sed haec quam an-
gusta^ videtis.
cetera qua rerum iaceant perculsa ruina, 310
ante oculos interque manus sunt omnia vestras.
nee quemquam incuso : potuit quae plurima virtus
esse, fiiit ; toto certatum est corpore regni.
nunc adeo, quae sit dubiae sententia menti,
expediam et paucis (animos adhibete) docebo. 315
est antiquus ager Tusco mihi proximus amni,
longus in occasum, finis super usque Sicanos ;
Aurunci Rutulique serunt et vomere duros
exercent collis atque horum asperrima pascunt.
haec omnis regio et celsi plaga pinea moiitis 320
cedat amicitiae Teucrorum, et foederis aequas
dicamus leges sociosque in regna vocemus ;
considant, si tantus amor, et moenia condant.
sin alios finis aliamque capessere gentem
est animus possuntque solo decedere nostro, 325
bis denas Italo texamus robore navis ;
seu pluris complere valent, iacet omnis ad undam
materies ; ipsi numerumque modumque carinis
praecipiant, nos aera, manus, navalia demus.
praeterea, qui dicta ferant et foedera firment, 330
centum oratores prima de gente Latinos
ire placet pacisque manu praetendere ramos,
munera portantis aurique eborisque talenta
et sellam regni trabeamque insignia nostri.
consulite in medium et rebus succurrite fessis." 335
Turn Drances, idem infensus, quem gloria Turni
obliqua invidia stimulisque asitabat amaris,
largos opum et lingua meliorT sed frigida bello
•^* et omitted F*y. ■** -que] -ve Py,
*'* fessis] vestris Py^, '•* linguae P*, Servius,
256
AENEID BOOK XI
them- and even in defeat they cannot let go the
sword. If ye had any hope in alliance with Aetolian
arms^ resign it. Each is his own hope; but how
slender this is, ye see. All else, with what wide
ruin it lies smitten, is before your eyes and within
your grasp. Nor blame I any ; what valour's utmost
could do is done; with our realm's whole strength
have we striven. Now mark : the judgment of my
wavering mind I will unfold, and, if ye pay heed,
will instruct you in brief. There is an ancient do-*
main of mine bordering the Tuscan river, stretching
far westward, even beyond Sicanian bounds. Aurun-
cans and Rutulians sow the seed, work the stubborn
hills with the share, and graze their roughest sloj^es.
Let all this tract, with a pine-clad belt of mountain
height, pass to the Trojans in friendship ; let us name
just terms of treaty, and invite them to share our
realm. Let them settle, if so strong be their desire,
and build their city. But if they have a mind to lay
hold of other bounds, and another nation, and are free
to quit our soil, let us build twice ten ships of Italian
oak ; or if they can man more, all the timber lies at
the water's edge ; themselves shall prescribe the
number and fashion of their vessels ; we will give
brass, labour, and docks. Further, to bear our word
and seal the pact, I would have a hundred envoys go
forth, Latins of noblest birth, proffering in their hands
boughs of peace, and carrying gifts — talent-weights
of gold and ivory, and the chair and robe, ensigns of
our royalty. Take counsel for the commonweal, and
uphold our weary fortunes ! '
^^ Then Drances, hostile as before, whom the
renown of Turnus goaded with the bitter stings of
furtive envy, lavish of wealth and valiant of tongue,
though his hand was cold for battle, in counsel
257
VOL. II. S
VIRGIL
vidimus^ ingentis et desolavimus agros.
aut si fama movet^ si tantum pectore robur
concipis aut si adeo dotalis regia cordi est^
aude atque adversum fidens fer pectus in liostem. 370
scilicet ut Turno contingat regia coniunx^
nos aiiimae viles^ inhumata infietaque turba^
sternamur campis ? etiam tu^ si qua tibi vis^
si patrii quid Martis habes^ ilium aspice contra^
qui vocat." 375
Talibus exarsit dictis violentia Turni ;
dat gemitum rumpitque has imo pectore voces :
" larga quidem^ Drance, semper tibi copia fandi
turn cum bella manus poscunt, patribusque vocatis
primus ades. sed non replenda est curia verbis, 380
quae tuto tibi magna volant, dum distinct hostem
agger moerorum nee inundant sanguine fossae,
proinde tona eloquio (solitum tibi) meque timoris
argue tu, Drance, quando tot stragis acervos
Teucrorum tua dextra dedit passimque tropaeis 385
insignis agros. possit quid vivida virtus,
experiare licet : nee longe scilicet hostes
quaerendi nobis ; circumstant undique muros.
imus in adversos ? quid cessas ? an tibi Mavors
ventosa in lingua pedibusque fugacibus istis 390
semper erit ?
pulsus ego ? aut quisquam merito, foedissime, pulsum
arguet, Iliaco tumidum qui crescere Thybrim
sanguine et Euandri totam cum stirpe videbit
procubuisse domum atque exutos Arcadas armis ? 395
baud ita me experti Bitias et Pandarus ingens
««' designavimus Py\ »•• aut] et PR.
*'* semper Drance PRyy Servius, ■** detinet M,
'** aggere MPRy^c, nee] et Py\
'•* M^adds nequiquam armifl terrebimus hostem.
"• arguit M^.
260
AENEID BOOK XI
have made wide lands- desolate. Or, if glory stir thee,
if in thy heart thou nursest such strength, or if the
dower of a palace be to thee so dear — be bold, and
fearlessly advance thy breast to meet the foe. What !
that Tumus may be blessed with a royal bride, are
we, forsooth, we worthless lives, a crowd unburied
and unwept, to be strewn upon the plains? Do
thou also, if any might be thine, if thou hast aught
of the War-god of thy sires, look him in the face
who challenges ! "
*^® At these words out blazed the fury of Turnus :
he heaves a groan, and from his bosom's depth breaks
forth with this cry : " Plenteous indeed, Drances,
ever is thy stream of speech in the hour when battle
calls for hands ; and when the senate is summoned,
thou art first to appear ! But we need not to fill the
council-house with words — ^those big words that fly
securely from thy lips, while rampart-walls keep off
the foe, and the trenches swim not yet with blood.
Go, thunder on in eloquence — thy wonted way — and
do thou, Drances, charge me with fear, since thy
hand hath reared such slaughter-heaps of Teucrians,
and everywhere thou adornest the fields with tro-
phies. What living valour may achieve, 'tis in thy
power to make trial ; nor in sooth are our foes far to
seek ; on every side they beset our walls. Shall we
move to meet them-f^ Why lingerest? Will thy
prowess lodge for ever in that windy tongue, and in
those flying feet ? I beaten > Or shall any one, foul
liar, justly brand me beaten, that shall see swollen
Tiber rise high with Ilian blood, and all Evander's
house and line laid prostrate, and his Arcadians
stripped of arms? Not such did Bitias and giant
Pandarus prove me, nor those thousand men whom
261
VIRGIL
et quos mille die victor sub Tartara misi,
inclusus muris hostilique aggere saeptus.
' nulla salus bello.' capiti cane talia^ demens^
Dardanio rebusque tuis. proinde omnia magno 400
ne cessa turbare metu atque extoUere viris
gentis bis victae^ contra premere arma Latini.
nunc et Myrmidonum proceres Phrygia arma
tremescunt,
nunc et Tydides et Larisaeus Achilles^
amnis et Hadriacas retro fugit Aufidus undas. 405
vel cum se pavidum contra mea iurgia fingit^
artificis scelus^ et formidine crimen acerbat.
numquam animam talem dextra hac (absiste moveri)
amittes : habitet tecum et sit pectore in isto.
nunc ad te et tua magna^ pater, consulta revertor. 410
si nullam nostris ultra spem ponis in armis,
si tam deserti sumus et semel agmine verso
funditus occidimus neque habet Fortuna regressiim,
oremus pacem et dextras tendamus inertis.
quamquam o si solitae quicquam virtutis adesset ! 415
ille mihi ante alios fortunatusque laborum
egregiusque animi, qui, ne quid tale videret,
procubuit moriens et humum semel ore momordit.
sin et opes nobis et adhuc intacta inventus
auxilioque urbes Italae populique supersunt, 420
sin et Troianis cum multo gloria venit
sanguine (sunt illis sua funera, parque per omnis
tempestas)— cur indecores in limine primo
deficimus ? cur ante tubam tremor occupat artus ?
multa dies variique labor mutabilis aevi 425
rettulit in melius, multos alterna revisens
*®* Rejected hy sonie editors ; cf, ii. 197.
*^* ma^e M. *** seraul P: simul M^It, *** suntque 22.
*•* variusque M^P^^, MacrobittSf Nonius,
**• maltosque Jf.
262
AENEID BOOK XI
in one day my conquering arm sent down to hell,
cooped though I was within their walls and girt by
foemen's ramparts. No safety in war ! Chant such
bodings, fool, for the Dardan's head and thine own
lot! Go on; cease not to confound all with thy
great alarms, extol the might of a twice-conquered
people, and in turn decry the arms of Latinus. Now
the Myrmidon princes tremble before Phrygian arms,
now Tydeus' son and Achilles of Larissa, and Aufidus*
stream recoils from the Adriatic wave. Or listen
when he feigns himself affrighted at my chiding — a
knavish villainy — and sharpens calumny with terror !
Never shalt thou lose such life as thine — be not
troubled — by this right hand : let it dwell with thee,
and abide in thy craven breast ! Now, sire, I return
to thee and this weighty debate of thine. If thou
restest no further hope in our arms, if so forlorn are
we, and in one repulse of our lines have fallen on
utter ruin, nor can Fortune retrace her steps, let us
pray for peace and stretch forth helpless hands !
Yet, oh, if we had aught of our wonted valour!
Blest beyond others in his toil, and peerless in soul
would I hold the man, who, to shun such a sight, has
fallen in death and once for all has bitten the dust.
But if we still have means, a manhood still unharmed,
cities and nations of Italy still supporting us ; but if
even the Trojans have won glory at much bloodshed's
cost (they too have their deaths, and the storm swept
over all alike) — why faint we ignobly upon the
threshold's edge? Why, ere the trumpet sounds,
does trembling seize our limbs? Many an ill has
time repaired, and the shifting toil of changing
years ; many a man has Fortune, fitful visitant.
263
VIRGIL
lusit et in solido rursus Fortuna locavit.
non erit auxilio nobis Aetolus et Arpi :
at Messapus erit felixque Tolumnius et quos
tot populi misere duces, nee parva sequetur 430
gloria delectos Latio et Laurentibus agris.
est et Volscorum egregia de gente Camilla,
agmen agens equitum et fiorentis aere catervas.
quod si me solum Teueri in eertamina poscunt
idque placet tantumque bonis communibus obsto, 435
non adeo has exosa manus Victoria fugit,
ut tanta quicquam pro spe temptare recusem. '
ibo animis contra, vel magnum praestet Achillem
factaque Volcani manibus paria induat arma
ille licet, vobis animam banc soceroque Latino 440
Turnus ego, baud ulli veterum virtute secundus,
devovi. 'solum Aeneas vocat.* et vocet oro,
nee Drances potius, sive est haec ira deorum,
morte luat, sive est virtus et gloria, toUat."
Illi haec inter se dubiis de rebus agebant 445
certantes : castra Aeneas aciemque movebat.
nuntius ingenti per regia tecta tumultu
ecce ruit magnisque urbem terroribus implet :
instructos acie Tiberino a flumine Teucros
Tyrrhenamque manum totis descendere campis. 450
extemplo turbati animi concussaque volgi
pectora et arrectae stimulis baud mollibus irae.
arma manu trepidi poscunt, fremit arma inventus,
flent maesti mussantque patres. hie undique clamor
dissensu vario magnus se toUit ad auras, 455
baud secus atque alto in luco cum forte catervae
consedere avium, piscosove amne Padusae
*" ad] in PRy,
264
AENEID BOOK XI
mocked^ then once more set up upon firm ground.
No aid to us will be the Aetolian and his Arpi : yet
Messapus will be^ and Tolumnius the fortunate^ and
all the leaders sent by many a nation ; nor will scant
fame attend the flower of Latium and the Laurentine
land. We have Camilla too^ of the glorious Volscian
race^ leading her troop of horse and squadrons gay
with brass. But if I alone am called by the Teu-
crians to combat^ and such is your will^ and I thus
thwart the common good^ Victory has not shrunk
from these my hands with such loathings that for
hope so high I should decline to venture aught. I
will face him boldly^ even though he match the
great Achilles and don like armour^ wrought by
Vulcan's hands. To you and my bride's sire^ I^atinus^
have I, Tumus, second in valour to none of my fathers^
devoted this life. Aeneas calls on him alofie. So let
him call^ I pray! nor let Drances in my steady if
heaven's wrath be here^ appease it by his death ;
nor, if here be prowess and glory, let him win the
palm ! "
^^ Thus, in mutual strife, were they debating
doubtful issues : Aeneas the while moved from camp
to field. Lo, amid wild uproar, a messenger rushes
through the royal halls and fills the city with great
alarms : in battle-array, he cries, the Teucrians and
the Tjnrrhene force are sweeping down from the
Tiber river over all the plain. Straightway the minds
of the people are confounded, their bosoms shaken,
and their passions roused by no gentle spur, \yith
wildly waving hands they call for arms ; " arms ! " the
young men shout; the weeping fathers moan and
mutter. And now, from every side, there rises to
heaven a loud din with varied discord : even as when
flocks of birds haply settle in some tall grove, or
265
VIRGIL
duit sonitum rauci per stagna loquacia cycni.
imnK^** ait, '*o cives," arrepto tempore Turnus,
ctif^ite concflium et paoem laudate sedentes ; 460
illi armis in regna ruunt." nee plura locutus
corripoit sese et tectis cltus extulit altis.
*• tu, Vohise, armari Volscorum edice maniplis,
duC)** ait, '* et Rutulos. equitem, Messapus, in armis,
et cum fratre Coras, latis diffimdite campis. 465
|Murs aditiis urbis firmet turrisque capessat ;
cetera, qua iusso, mecum manus inferat arma."
IHcet in muros tota discurritur urbe.
concilium ipse pater et magna incepta Latinus
deserit ac tristi turbatus tempore difFert, 470
multaque se incusat, qui non acceperit ultro
Dardanium Aenean generumque adsciverit urbi.
praefodiunt alii portas aut saxa sudesque
subvectant. bello dat signum rauca cruentum
bucina. tum muros varia cinxere corona 475
matronae puerique ; vocat labor ultimus omnis.
nee non ad templum summasque ad Palladis arces
subvehitur magna matrum regina caterva,
dona ferens, iuxtaque comes Lavinia virgo,
causa mali tanti, oculos deiecta decoros. 480
succedunt matres et templum ture vaporant
et maestas alto fundunt de limine voces :
" armipotens, praeses belli, Tritonia virgo,
frange manu telum Phrygii praedonis, et ipsum
pronum sterne solo portisque effunde sub altis/* 485
cingitur ipse furens certatim in proelia Turnus.
iamque adeo rutilum thoraca indutus aenis
*•' maniplos Py\ *•* equites P^Hy.
*•• firment M^M. capessant H.
*•• consilium M^, ^'"^ quod P*y.
**• mali tantis J/^6^; malis tantis M*c\
**' praeseus M*f^y^, Macrohius.
«" Rutulum MPy,
266
AENEID BOOK XI
when^ by Padusa's fish-filled stream^ hoarse-throated
swans scream among the clamorous pools. '^Nay^
citizens^" cries Tumus, seizing the moment^ "con-
vene a council^ and sit praising peace ; yonder they
rush upon the realm in arms." No more he spake^ but
up he sprang^ and sped swiftly forth from the high,
halls. "Thou, Volusus/* he cries, ''bid the Volscian
squadrons arm, and lead out the Rutulians ! Thou,
Messapus, and thou, Coras, with thy brother, spread
the horsemen under arms over the broad plains. Let
some guard the city gates and man the towers ; let
the rest charge with me, where I shall command."
*** At once from all the city there is a rush to the
walls. Lord Latinus himself, dismayed by the disas-
trous hour, quits the council and postpones his high
designs, oft chiding himself that he gave not ready
welcome to Dardan Aeneas, nor, for his city's sake,
adopted him as son. Others dig trenches before the
gates or shoulder stones and stakes. The hoarse
clarion gives bloody signal for battle. Then lo ! a
motley ring of matrons and boys girdle the walls ;
the final struggle summons all Moreover the queen,
with a great throng of mothers, rides ^ up to the
temple of Pallas and her towered heights, bearing
gifts, and at her side the maid Lavinia, source of all
that woe, her beauteous eyes downcast. Ascending,
the matrons fill the temple with lamentations : " O
mighty in arms, mistress in war, Tritonian maid,
break with thine hand the spear of the Phrygian
pirate, hurl him prone to earth and stretch him pros-
trate beneath our lofty gates." As for Tumus, he,
with emulous fury, girds himself for the fray. And
now he has donned his flashing breastplate and
^ Even as the Roman matrons rode in pilenia in their
sacred processions (c/. Aen, viii. 665).
267
VIRGIL
horrebat squamis surasque incluserat auro^
tempora nudus adhuc^ laterique accinxerat ensem^
fulgebatque alta decurrens aureus arce 490
exsultatque animis et spe iam praecipit hostem :
qualis ubi abruptis fugit praesepia vinclis
tandem liber equus campoque potitus aperto
aut ille in pastus armentaque tendit equarum
aut adsuetus aquae perfundi flumine noto 495
emicat^ arrectisque fremit cervicibus alte
luxurians^ luduntque iubae per coUa^ per armos.
Obvia cui Volscorum acie comitante Camilla
occurrit portisque ab equo regina sub ipsis
desiluit^ quam tota eohors imitata relictis 500
ad terram defluxit equis ; tum talia fattir :
'^ Tume^ sui merito si qua est fiducia forti^
audeo et Aeneadum promitto occurrere turmae
solaque Tyrrhenes equites ire obvia contra,
me sine prima manu temptare pericula belli^ 505
tu pedes ad muros subsiste et moenia serva."
Tumus ad haec^ oculos horrenda in virgine fixus :
'^ o decus Italiae virgo^ quas dicere gratis
quasve referre parem ? sed nunc^ est omnia quando
iste animus supra^ mecum partire laborem. 510
Aeneas, ut fama fidem missique reportant
exploratores^ equitum levia improbus arma
praemisit^ quaterent campos ; ipse ardua montis
per deserta iugo superans adventat ad urbem. ^^^,
furta paro belli convex© in tramite silvae, 515 s^"^'^^'
ut bivias armato obsidam roilite fauces. 'ti ^ "
tu T3nThenum equitem conlatis excipe signis ; ;fr "^
tecum acer Messapus erit turmaeque Latinae '.dq ^^
Tiburtique manus ; ducis et tu concipe curam." "^^
••' fixis m.- fixo6 7. -lof *
»" snporat i/i. »it,"**»
268 X* »»li*
■"'wutt
a
AENEID BOOK XI
bristles with brazen scales ; his legs he had sheathed
in gold^ his temples are yet bare^ and his sword he
had buckled to his side. Glittering in gold^ he runs
down from the fortress height ; he exults in courage^
and in hope even now seizes the foe — even as, when
a horse, bursting his tether, has fled the stalls, free
at last, and lord of the open plain, either, mark you !
he makes for the pastures and herds of mares, or,
wont to bathe in the well-known «river, he darts
forth, and neighs, with head out-stretched high in
wanton joy, while his mane plays over neck and over
shoulder.
*^® To meet him sped Camilla, attended by the
Volscian array, and hard by the gates the queen
leaped from her horse; at whose example all her
troop quitted their steeds and glided to earth. Then
thus she speaks: "Tumus, if the brave may justly
place aught of trust in themselves, I dare and pro-
mise to face Aeneas' cavalry, and singly ride to meet
the Tyrrhene horse. Suffer this hand to essay war's
first perils ; do thou on foot stay by the walls and
guard the town." To this Tumus, with eyes fixed
upon the dread maid: ''O maiden, glory of Italy,
what thanks shall I try to utter or repay ? But now,
since thy spirit soars above all, share thou with me
the toil. Aeneas — so rumour tells, and scouts sent
forth report the tidings true — ^has insolently thrown
forward his light-armed horse, to sweep the plains ;
hunself, o'erpassing the ridge, marches by the moun-
tain's lonely steeps upon the town. Snares of war I
lay in an over-arched pathway 'mid the wood, to
block with armed troops the gorge's double jaws.
Do thou in battle array await the Tyrrhene horse ;
with thee shall be the valiant Messapus, the Latin
squadrons, and Tiburtus' troop: take thou too a
269
horr-
tern:
exsi.
qua! *■■ — I
taiK = — " " I
aut " ... *» -
aut
emi — : -;
luxi _^ — •
C "... -.-.
OCCl . _ ._
desi . : «■
ad t
aude
solaq
me SI
tu pe<
Tumi.
''ode<
quasve
iste ani
Aeneas,
explorat
praemisit
per deser
furta paro
ut bivias ai
tu Tyrrheni
tecum acer ]\ ^
Tiburtique m.
•^^■
268
* - *■ — -
AENEID BOOK XI
captain's charge/' This said^ with like words he
heartens Messapus and the allied captains to battle^
and moves against the foe.
^22 There lies a vale with sweeping curve, fit site
for stratagems and wiles of war, hemmed in on either
side by a wall black with dense leafage. Hither
leads a narrow path, with straitened gorge and
jealous approach. Above it, amid the watch-towers
of the mountain-top, lies a hidden plain and a safe
shelter, whether one would charge from right or left,
or take stand upon the ridge and roll down giant
stones. Hither the warrior repairs by a familiar line
of road, and, seizing his ground, sat him down within
the perilous woods. ^
582 Meanwhile, in Heaven's halls Latona's daughter
addressed fleet Opis, one of her maiden sisterhood
and sacred band, and opened her lips to these words
of sorrow ; " Camilla goes forth to the cruel war, O
maiden, and vainly girds on our arms, dear as she is
to me beyond others. For no new love is this that
has come to Diana nor sudden the spell wherewith
it has stirred her heart. When, driven from his
realm through hatred of his tyrant might, Metabus
was leaving Privemum's ancient city, as he fled amid
the press of battle-strife, he took with him his infant
child to share his exile, and called her, after her
mother Casmilla's name, but sUghtly changed, Camilla.
The father, carrying her before him on his breast,
sought the long ridges of lonely woodland : on every
side pressed fierce weapons, and with wide-spread
soldiery hovered the Volscians. Lo ! athwart his
flight, Amasenus was foaming in flood above his
highest banks, so fierce a rain had burst from the
clouds. Fain to swim the stream, he is checked bv
^ I.e. involving peril for Aeneas.
VIRGIL
tardatur caroque oneri timet, omnia secum 550
versanti subito vix haec sententia sedit :
telum immane manu valida quod forte gerebat
bellator^ solidum nodis et robore cocto^
huic natam^ libro et silvestri subere clausam^
implicat atque habilem mediae eircumligat hastae ; 555
quam dextra ingenti librans ita ad aethera fatur :
' alma^ tibi hanc^ nemorum cultrix^ Latonia virgo^
ipse pater famulam voveo ; tua prima per auras
tela tenens supplex hostem fugit. accipe^ testor^
diva tuam, quae nunc dubiis committitur auris.' 560
dixit et addueto contortum hastile lacerto
immittit : sonuere undae^ rapidum super amnem
infelix fugit in iaculo stridente Camilla,
at Metabus^ magna propius iam urgente caterva^
dat sese fluvio^ atque hastam cum virgine victor 565
gramineo^ donum Triviae, de caespite vellit.
non ilium tectis ullae^ non moenibus urbes
accepere, neque ipse manus feritate dedisset :
pastorum et solis exegit montibus aevum.
hie natam in dumis interque horrentia lustra 570
armentalis equae mammis et lacte ferino
nutribat, tenens immulgens ubera labns.
utque pedum primis infans vestigia plantis
institerat^ iaculo palmas amiavit acuto
spiculaque ex umero parvae suspendit et arcum. 575
pro crinali auro^ pro longae tegmine pallae
tigridis exuviae per dorsum a vertice pendent,
tela manu iam tum tenera puerilia torsit
et fundam tereti circum caput egit habena
Str3naioniamque gruem aut album deiecit olorem. 580
"* ferebat M^.
"* hue BK
»'» hinc P.
*'* armavit] onerant h, Servius.
272
AENEID BOOK XI
love for his babe^ and he fears for his precious
burden. Of a sudden^ as he inly pondered every
course, he settled on this reluctant resolve: the
huge spear, which the warrior haply bore in his stout
hand, hard-knotted and of seasoned oak — to this he
fastens his child, encased in bark of wild cork- wood,
and bound her featly round the centre of the shaft ;
then poising it in his giant hand, thus cries to the
heavens : ^ Gracious one, dweller in the woodland,
Latonian maid, this child I vow to thy service, I her
father; thine are the first weapons she holds, as
through the air, thy suppliant, she flees the foe.
Accept, O goddess, I implore, for thine own, her
whom now I commit to the uncertain breeze.' He
said, and, drawing back his arm, launches the spin-
ning shaft : loud roared the waters, over the rushing
river flees hapless Camilla upon the whizzing steel.
But Metabus, now that a great band pressed closer
upon him, plunges into the flood, and in triumph
plucks from the grassy turf his offering to Trivia, the
spear and the maid. Him no cities received to their
homes or walls, nor in his wild mood would he him-
self have yielded thereto : amid shepherds and on
the lone mountains he passed his days. Here amid
brakes and beasts' rugged lairs he nursed his child
on milk at the breast of a wild mare from the herd,
squeezing the teats into her tender lips. And soon
as her baby feet had planted her earliest steps, he
armed her hands with a pointed .lance, and hung
quiver and bow from her little shoulder. In place
of gold to clasp her hair, in place of long trailing
robe, there hang from her head adown the back a
tiger's spoils. Even then with tender hand she
hurled her childish darts, swung round her head the
smooth-thonged sling, and struck down Strymonia
VOL. II.
1
VIRGIL
multae illam frustra Tyrrhena per oppida matres
optavere nurum ; sola contenta Diana
aetemum telorum et virginitatis amorem
intemerata colit. vellem haud correpta fuisset
militia tali^ conata lacessere Teucros : 585
cara mihi comitumque foret nunc una mearum.
verum age, quandoquidem fatis urgetur acerbis^
labere^ nympha^ polo finisque invise Latinos^
tristis ubi infausto committitur omine pugna.
haec cape et ultricem pharetra deprome sagittam : 590
hac^ quicumque sacrum violarit volnere corpus^
Tros Italusve^ mihi pariter det sanguine poenas.
post ego nube cava miserandae corpus et arma
inspoliata feram tumulo patriaeque reponam."
dixit : at ilia levis caeli delapsa per auras 595
insonuit^ nigro circumdata turbine corpus.
At manus interea muris Troiana propinquat
Etruscique duces equitumque exercitus omnis^
conpositi numero in turmas. fremit aequore toto
insultans sonipes et pressis pugnat habenis 600
hue conversus et hue ; turn late ferreus hastis
horret ager campique armis sublimibus ardent,
nee non Messapus contra celeresque Latini
et cum fratre Coras et virginis ala Camillae
adversi campo apparent hastasque reductis 605
protendunt longe dextris et spicula vibrant^
adventusque virum fremitusque ardesdt equorum.
••■ -ve c, Serviua : -que MPByh {in the IcLst over an ercuure).
s*s dexnissa FJtyc : dimissa h.
••* obversus JL ••* armis] hastis Py\
••* reductas MK *<>* praetendunt M\
274
AENEID BOOK XI
crane or snowy swan. Many a mother in Tyrrhene
towers longed for her as daughter in vain ; content
with Diana alone^ she cherishes unsullied a lifelong
love for her weapons and her maidenhood. I would
that she had not been swept away in warfare such as
this, essaying to brave the Teucrians : so were she
still my darling and a sister of my train. But come,
seeing that untimely doom weighs, upon her, glide
from heaven, O nymph, and seek the Latin borders,
where under evil omen they join in the gloomy fray.
Take these,^ and draw from my quiver an avenging
shaft: by it let the foe, whoe'er he be, Trojan or
Italian, that with wound shall profane her sacred
limbs, pay me forfeit in like manner with his blood.
Then in the hollow of a cloud I will bear body and
armour of the hapless maid unspoiled to the tomb,
and lay them away in her own land." She spoke ;
but Opis sped down with whirring sound through
heaven's light air, her form enshrouded in black
whirlwind.
^^^ But meanwhile the Trojan band draws near the
walls, with the Etruscan chiefs and all their mounted
array, marshalled by number into squadrons. The
war-steed prances neighing o'er all the plain, and,
fighting the tight-drawn rein, swerves hither and
thither : far and wide the field bristles with the steel
of spears, and the plains are ablaze with uplifted
arms. Likewise, over against them, Messapus, and
the fleet Latins, and Coras with his brother, and
maid Camilla's troop, come into view, confronting
them on the plain ; with hands back-drawn afar,
they thrust the lance and brandish the javelin ; the
marching of men and neighing of steeds grows fiery-
^ i.e, her bow and arrows.
275
T 2
VIRGIL
iamque intra iactum teli progressus uterque
substiterat : subito erumpunt clamore furentisque
exhortantur equos^ fundunt simul undique tela 6lO
crebra nivis ritu, caelumque obtexitur umbra,
continuo adversis Tyrrhenus et acer Aconteus
conixi incurrunt hastis primique ruinam
dant sonitu ingenti per&actaque quadrupedantum
pectora pectoribus rumpunt : excussus Aconteus 6l5
fulminis in morem aut tormento ponderis acti
praecipitat longe et vitam dispergit in auras.
Extempio turbatae acies^ versique Latini
reiciunt parmas et equos ad moenia vertunt :
Troes agunt^ princeps turmas inducit Asilas. 6^0
iamque propinquabant portis^ rursusque Latini
clamorem tollunt et mollia colla reflectunt ;
hi fugiunt penitusque datis referuntur habenis :
qualis ubi altemo proeurrens gurgite pontus
nunc ruit ad terram scopulosque superiacit unda 625
spumeus extremamque sinu perfundit harenam^
nunc rapidus retro atque aestu revoluta resorbens
saxa fugit litusque vado labente relinquit :
bis Tusci Rutulos egere ad moenia versos,
bis reiecti armis respectant terga tegentes. 630
tertia sed postquam congressi in proelia totas
implicuere inter se acies legitque virum vir,
tum vero et gemitus morientum et sanguine in alto
armaque corporaque et permixti caede virorum
semianimes volvuntur equi ; pugna aspera surgit. 635
Orsilochus Remuli, quando ipsum horrebat adire,
hastam intorsit equo ferrumque sub aure reliquit.
««» constiterant M\ •" adversi MP^Ey.
*^' ruina P* and two codices Moretani cited by Ribhech
•** sonitum MPy\ ingentem Py^ (if has ruinam dant
sonitum ingenti). •^^ procumbens B.
««* terras Jf. suberigit jB. undam y Servius.
276
AENEID BOOK XI
fierce. And now in its advance each host had halted
within spear-cast of each ; with sudden shout they
dash forth^ and spur on their furious steeds ; at once
from all sides they shower darts as thick as snow-
flakes^ and the sky is veiled in shade. Forthwith
Tyrrhenus and fierce Aconteus charge with spears
amain^ and are first to go down with mighty crash^
breaking and shattering their chargers^ breast against
breast. Aconteus^ flung off like thunderbolt or mass
driv^ forth from an engine^ is hurled headlong afar^
and scatters his life into the air.
^^^ Straightway the lines waver^ and the Latins^
routed^ cast their shields behind them^ and turn
their horses cityward. The Trojans give chase ;
Asilas in the van leads the squadrons. And now they
were drawing nigh the gates^ when again the Latins
raise their shout^ and wheel about their chargers*
supple necks ; the others flee^ and retreat afar with
loosened rein : as when ocean^ advancing with alter-
nate floods now rushes shoreward^ dashes o'er the
cliffs in a wave of foam^ apd drenches the utmost
sands with its swelling curve ; now flees in fast retreat
and in its surge sucks back revolving stones^ leaving
the strand with gliding shoal. Twice the Tuscans
drove the routed Rutulians to the city; twice, re-
pulsed, they glance backwards, as they sling behind
them their protecting shields. But when, clashing
in the third encounter, the whole lines stood inter-
locked, and man marked man, then in truth rose
groans of the dying, and deep in blood welter arms
and bodies and horses, wounded unto death, and
mingled with slaughtered riders: fierce swells the
fight. Orsilochus hurled a lance at Remulus' steed —
for its lord he shrank to meet — and left the steel
277
VIRGIL
quo soni{)es ictu furit arduus altaque iactat
volneris impatiens arrecto pectore crura,
volvitur ille excussus humi. Catillus lollan 64-0
ingentemque animis^ ingentem corpore et armis^
deicit Herminium^ nudo cui vertice fulva
caesaries nudique umeri ; nee volnera terrent ;
tantus in arma patet. latos huic hasta per armos
acta tremit duplicatque virum transfixa dolore. mr
funditur ater ubique cruor ; dant fiinera ferro 64*6
certantes pulchramque petunt per volnera mortem.
At medias inter caedes exsultat Amazon^
unum exserta latus pugnae^ pharetrata Camilla^
et nunc lenta manu spargens hastilia denset^ 650
nunc validam dextra rapit indefessa bipennem ;
aureus ex umero sonat arcus et arma Dianae.
ilia etiam^ si quando in tergum pulsa recessit^
spicula converso fugientia dirigit arcu.
at circum lectae comites^ Larinaque virgo 655
Tullaque et aeratam quatiens Tarpeia securim^
Italides^ quas ipsa decus sibi dia Camilla
delegit pacisque bonas bellique ministras :
quales Threiciae cum flumina Thermodontis
pulsant et pictis bellantur Amazones armis^ 660
seu circum Hippoljrten seu cum se Martia curru
Penthesilea refert^ magnoque ululante tumultu
feminea exsultant lunatis agmina peltis.
Quem telo primum, quem postremum, aspera virgo,
deicis ? aut quot humi morientia corpora fundis ? 665
Euneum Cl3rtio primum patre, cuius apertum
••• ferit M^R •** tantum E. "• densat M^JRy.
••• in tergum si quando 6, Rtbbeck.
«" diva £^V: dura B. •" bonae Ry\
278
AENEID BOOK XI
beneath its ear. At this blow the charger rears
furious^ and^ brooking not the wound^ with chest
uplifted flings his legs on high; hurled forth^
Remulus rolls on earth. Catillus strikes down lollas,
and Herminius^ giant in courage^ giant in body and
arms ; on his bare head stream his yellow locks^ and
bare are his shoulders; for him wounds have no
terrors; so vast a frame faces the steel. Through
his broad shoulders the driven spear comes quiver-
ings and^ piercing through^ bends him double with
anguish. Everywhere the dark blood streams ; they
deal carnage^ clashing with the sword^ and seek
amid wounds a glorious death.
**• But in the heart of the slaughter^ like an
Amazon^ one breast bared for the fray^ and quiver-
girt^ rages Camilla; and now tough javelins she
showers thick from her hand^ now a stout battle-axe
she snatches with unwearied grasp ; the golden bow^
armour of Diana, clangs from her shoulders. And
even if, back pressed, she withdraws, she turns her
bow and aims darts in her (light. But round her are
her chosen comrades, maiden Larina and TuUa, and
Tarpeia, shaking an axe of bronze, daughters of Italy,
whom godlike Camilla herself chose to be her pride,
good handmaids both in peace and war. Such are
the Amazons of Thrace, when they tramp over
Thermodon's streams and war in blazoned armour,
whether round Hippol3rte, or when Penthesilea,
child of Mars, returns in her chariot, and, amid loud
tumultuous cries, the woman-host exult with cres-
cent shields.
*•* Whom first, whom last, fierce maid, does thy
dart strike down? How many a frame dost thou
stretch dying on earth? First Euneus, son of
Clytius, whose unguarded breast, as he faces her, she
279
VIRGIL
adversi longa transverberat abiete pectus,
sanguinis ille vomens rivos cadit atque cruentam
mandit humum moriensque suo se in volnere versat.
turn Lirim Pagasumque super : quorum alter habenas
sufibsso revolutus equo dum colligit^ alter 671
dum subit ac dextram labenti tendit inermem^
praecipites pariterque ruunt. his addit Amastrum
Hippotaden^ sequiturque incumbens eminus hasta
Tereaque Harpalycumque et Demophoonta
Chromimque ; 675
quotque emissa manu contorsit spicula virgo^
tot Phrygii cecidere viri. proeul Omytus armis
ignotis et equo venator lapyge fertur,
cui pellis latos umeros erepta iuvenco
pugnatori operit^ caput ingens oris hiatus 680
et malae texere lupi cum dentibus albis^
agrestisque manus armat spams ; ipse catervis
vertitur in mediis et toto vertice supra est.
hunc ilia exceptum (neque enim labor agmine verso)
traicit et super haec inimico pectore fatur : 685
*' silvis te, Tyrrhene, feras agitare putasti ?
advenit qui vestra dies muliebribus armis
verba redarguerit. nomen tamen baud leve patrum
manibus hoc referes, telo cecidisse Camillae.*'
Protinus Orsilochum et Buten, duo maxima
Teucrum 690
corpora : sed Buten aversum cuspide fixit mpr
loricam galeamque inter, qua colla sedentis
lucent et laevo dependet parma lacerto ;
Orsilochum fugiens magnumque agitata per orbem
eludit gyro interior sequiturque sequentem : 695
tum validam perque anna viro perque ossa securim,
altior exsurgens, oranti et multa precanti
•'* suifuso AHEy, preferred hy Serviua. •'* inertem y.
•®* redargueret ifE{J)y : redarguerit Prisdan,
280
AENEID BOOK XI
pierces through with her long pine-shaft. Spouting
streams of bloody he falls^ bites the gory dust^ and^
dying, writhes upon his wound. Then Liris she
fells, and Pagasus above him : while one, thrown
from his stabbed horse, gathers up the reins, and
the other, coming up, stretches an unharmed hand
to stay his fall, headlong they fall together. To
these she adds Amastrus, son of Hippotas; and,
bending to the task, she follows from far with her
spear Tereus, and Harpalycus, and Demophoon, and,
Chromis ; and as many darts as she sent spinning
from her hand, so many Phrygians fell. At a dis-
tance rides the hunter Ornytus in strange armour on
an lapygian steed : a hide stripped from a fighting
steer swathes his broad shoulders, his head is shielded
by a wolfs huge gaping mouth and white-fanged
jaws, and his hand is armed with rustic pike ; himself
he moves in the midmost ranks, a full head above
all. Him she caught — for easy it was amid the rout —
and pierced, then above him thus cries with pitiless
heart : ^' Tuscan, didst thou think thou wert chasing
beasts in the forests? The day is come that with
woman's weapons shall refute the vaunts of thee and
thine. Yet no slight renown is this thou shalt carry
to thy father's shades — to have fallen by the spear
of Camilla ! "
•*® Next she slays Orsilochus and Butes, two Teu-
crians of mightiest frame. Butes she pierced with
spear-point in the back, 'twixt corslet and helm,
where the rider's neck gleams, and the shield hangs
from the left arm ; Orsilochus she flees, and, chased
in a wide circle, foils him, wheels into an inner ring
and pursues the pursuer; then rising higher, she
drives her strong axe again and again through armour
and through bone, albeit he implores and prays oft
281
VIRGIL
congeminat ; volnus calido rigat ora cerebro.
incidit huic subitoque aspectu territus haesit
Appenninicolae bellator filius Auni, 700
baud Ligurum extremus^ dum fallere fata sinebant.
isque ubi se nullo iam cursu evadere pugnae
posse neque instantem reginam avertere cemit^
consilio versare dolos ingressus et astu
incipit haec : ^' quid tarn egregium^ si femina forti 705
fidis equo ? dimitte fugam et te comminus aequo
mecum crede solo pugnaeque accinge pedestri :
iam nosces^ ventosa ferat cui gloria fraudem."
dixit^ at ilia furens acrique accensa dolore
tradit equum comiti paribusque resistit in armis^ 7 1 0
ense pedes nudo puraque interrita parma.
at iuvenis, vicisse dolo ratus> avolat ipse
(baud mora) conversisque fugax aufertur liabenis
quadrupedemque citum ferrata calce fatigat.
'^ vane Ligus frustraque animis elate superbis^ * 715
nequiquam patrias temptasti lubricus artis,
nee fraus te incolumem fallaci perferet Auno."
haec fatur virgo, et pernicibus ignea plantis
transit equum cursu frenisque ad versa prehensis
congreditur poenasque inimico ex sanguine sumit : 720
quam facile accipiter saxo sacer ales ab alto
consequitur pinnis sublimem in nube columbam
comprensamque tenet pedibusque eviscerat uncis ;
tum cruor et volsae labuntur ab aethere plumae.
At non haec nullis hominum sator atque deorum
observans oculis summo sedet altus Olympo. 726
'•• laudem M^P {in an erasure),
2S2
AENEID BOOK XI
for mercy ; the wound spatters the face with warm
brain. Now fell in her way^ and paused in terror at
the sudden vision^ the warrior son of Aunus^ dweller
upon the Apennines not the meanest in Liguria^
while Fate allowed him to deceive.^ He, when he
sees that by no fleetness can he escape combat or
turn the queen from her onset, essaying to ply guile
with policy and craft, thus begins : " What great
glory is it, if thou, though a woman, trustest in thy
strong steed ? Away with flight ; dare to meet me
hand to hand on equal ground, and gird thee to
fight afoot ; soon shalt thou know to whom vainglory
brings bane." He spake, but she, furious and burning
with the bitter smart, passes her horse to a comrade
and confronts him in equal arms, afoot and unafraid,
with naked sword and shield unblazoned. But the
youth, deeming he had won by guile, himself darts
away, pausing not, and turning his bridle rushes off
in flight, goading his charger to speed with iron spur.
" Foolish Ligurian, vainly puffed up in pride of heart,
for naught hast thou tried thy slippery native tricks,
nor shall thy lies take thee home unscathed to lying
Aunus ! " So cries the maiden, and, with fleet foot,
swift as lightning, crosses the horse's path, and,
seizing the reins, meets him face to face and takes
vengeance from his hated blood : lightly as a falcon,
bird of prophecy, darting from a lofty rock, overtakes
on her wings a dove in a cloud aloft, then holds her
in his clutch and with crooked claws tears out her
heart, while blood and rent plumage flutter from the
sky.
^26 But not with unseeing eyes the Sire of gods and
men sits throned on high Olympus, viewing the
^ The Ligurians were notorious liars, and so long as he
lived he was conspicuous among them.
283
VIRGIL
Tyrrhenum genitor Tarchonem in proelia saeva
suscitat et stimulis haud mollibus incutit iras.
ergo inter caedes cedentiaque agmina Tarchon
fertur equo variisque instigat vocibus alas^ 730
nomine quemque vocans^ refieitque in proelia pulsos.
'' quis metus, o numquam dolituri, o semper inertes
Tyrrheni^ quae tanta animis ignavia venit ?
femina palantis agit atque haec agmina vertit ?
quo ferrum quidve haec gerimus tela inrita dextris ?
at non in Venerem segnes nocturnaque bella 736
aut ubi curva choros indixit tibia Bacehi. mr
exspectate dapes et plenae pocula mensae
(hie amor^ hoc studium)^ dum sacra secundus haruspex
nuntiet ac lucos vocet hostia pinguis in altos." 740
haec effatus equum in medios^ moriturus et ipse^
concitat et Venulo adversum se turbidus infert
dereptumque ab equo dextra complectitur hostem
et gremium ante suum multa vi concitus aufert.
tollitur in caelum clamor cunctique Latini 745
convertere oculos. volat igneus aequore Tarchon,
anna virumque ferens ; tum summa ipsius ab hasta
defringit femim et partis rimatur apertas,
qua volnus letale ferat ; contra ille repugnans
sustinet a iugulo dextram et vim viribus exit. 750
utque volans alte raptum cum fulva draconem
fert aquila implicuitque pedes atque unguibus haesit ;
saucius at serpens sinuosa volumina versat
arrectisque horret squamis et sibilat ore,
arduus insurgens ; ilia haud minus urget obunco 755
'" incitat 3fP7&.' inicit Ec: inoMtit Heineiua,
'•* exspectare ir^erior MSS. '** offert Hy.
284
I
L
AENEID BOOK XI
scene. He rouses Tyrrhenian Tarchon to the fierce
fraj^ and pricks him to wrath by no gentle spur.
So^ amid the slaughter and wavering columns^ Tar-
chon rides^ and goads his squadrons with diverse
cries^ calling each man by name^ and rallying the
routed to the fight. *^ What fear, ye Tuscans, never
to be stung by shame, sluggards always, what utter
cowardice has fallen on your hearts ? Does a woman
drive you in disorder and rout these ranks? To
what end bear we the sword? or why these idle
weapons in our hands? But not laggard are ye
for love and nightly frays, or when the curved
flute proclaims the Bacchic dance. Look to the
feasts and the cups on the loaded board (this your
{Mission, this your delight!) till the favouring seer
announce the sacrifice, and the fat victim call you to
the deep groves ! " So saying, he spurs his horse
into the midst, ready himself also to die, and charges
like whirlwind full upon Venulus ; then tearing the
foe from his steed, grips him with his right hand,
clasps him to his breast, and spurring with might
and main, carries him off. A shout uprises to
heaven, as all the Latins turned their eyes upon the
sight. Like lightning flies Tarchon along the plain,
the arms and the man before him; then from the
head of his foe's spear breaks off the steel, and
searches for an unguarded place, where- he may deal
a deadly wound ; the other, struggling against him,
keeps the hand from off his throat and baffles force
with force. And, as when a tawny eagle, soaring
on high, carries a serpent she has caught, her feet
entwined and her claws clinging tight, but the
wounded snake writhes its sinuous coils, and rears
its bristling scales, and hisses with its mouth, tower-
ing aloft ; she no less with crooked beak assails her
285
VIKGIL
luctantem rostro^ simul aethera verberat alis :
haud aliter praedam Tiburtum ex agmine Tarchon m
portat ovans. ducis exemplum eventumque secuti
Maeonidae incurrunt. turn fatis debitus Arruns
velocem iaculo et multa prior arte Camillam 760
circuit et^ quae sit fortuna facillima^ temptat.
qua se cumque furens medio tulit agmine virgo^
hac Arruns subit et tacitus vestigia lustrat ;
qua victrix redit ilia pedemque ex hoste reportat^
hac iuvenis furtim celeris detorquet habenas. 765
hos aditus iamque hos aditas omnemque pererrat
undique circuitum et certam quatit improbus hastam.
Forte sacer Cybelo Chloreus olimque sacerdos
insignis longe Phrygiis fulgebat in armis
spumantemque agitabat equum^ quern pellis aenis 770
in plumam squamis auro conserta tegebat.
ipse peregrina ferrugine clarus et ostro
spicula torquebat Lycio Gort3niia cornu ;
aureus ex umeris erat arcus et aurea vati
cassida; turn croceam chlamydemque sinusque
crepantis 775
carbaseos fulvo in nodum collegerat auro^
pictus acu tunicas et barbara tegmina crurum.
hunc virgo^ sive ut templis praefigeret arma
Troia, captivo sive ut se ferret in auro^
venatrix unum ex omni certamine pugnae 780
caeca sequebatur totumque incauta per agmen
femineo praedae et spoliorum ai*debat amore^
'•8 Cybelo Mhc, Serviua : Cybele y : Cybelae Macrohiua.
"* umero 7. erat] sonat ya*c,
2^6
A£N£ID BOOK XI
struggling victim^ while her wings tiap the air : even
so ^roiai the Tiburtian line Tarchon carries off his
prey in triumph. Following their chiefs example and
success^ Maeonia's sons make onslaught. Then
Arruns^ due to his fate^ circles round fleet Camilla
with javelin and deep cunning — in this surpassing
her 1 — and tries what chance may be easiest. Wher-
ever the infuriate maid dashed amid the ranks^
there Arruns creeps up and silently tracks her foot-
steps; where she returns victorious and retires
from the foe^ there the youth stealthily turns his
swift reins. This approach he essays^ and now that^
and traverses the whole circuit round about^ the un-
erring spear quivering in his relentless hand.
'^^ It chanced that Chloreus, sacred to Cybelus,*
and once a priest^ glittered resplendent afar in
Phrygian armour^ and spurred his foaming charger^
whose covering was a skin^ plumed with brazen scales
and clasped with gold. Himself ablaze in the deep
hue of foreign purple^ he launched Gortynian shafts
from Lycian bow: golden was that bow upon his
shoulders^ and golden was the seer's helmet; his
saffron scarf and its rustling linen folds were gathered
into a knot by yellow gold; embroidered with the
needle were his tunic and barbaric hose. Him^
whether in hope to fasten on temple-gate Trojan
arms^ or to flaunt herself in golden spoils the maiden^
singling out from all the battle fray, blindly pursued
in huntress fashion^ and recklessly raged through all
the ranks with a woman's passion for booty and for
^ Others take prior as meaning '* before he strikes," or,
like ^$A(Tas, *' anticipating her.''
^ As Servius says, CyMlus the mountain is here put for
the deity worshipped upon it. Editors commonly read
''Gybelae," but toe authority for this is weak.
287
f
I
tl
VIRGIL
telum ex insidiis cum tandem tempore capto mp
concitat et superos Arnms sic voce precatur :
*' smmne deum^ sancti custos Soractis Apollo^ 785
quern primi colimus^ cui pineus ardor acervo
pascitur et medium freti pietate per ignem
cultores multa premimus vestigia pruna^
da^ f>ater^ hoc nostris aboleri dedecus armis^
omnipotens. non exuvias pulsaeve tropaeum 790
virginis aut spolia ulla peto : mihi cetera laud em
facta ferent; haec dira meo dum volnere pestis
pulsa cadat^ patrias remeabo inglorius urbes." mpr
Audiit et voti Phoebus succedere partem
mente dedit^ partem volucris dispersit in auras : 795
stemeret ut subita turbatam morte Camillam^
adnuit oranti ; reducem ut patria alta videret^
non dedit^ inque Notos vocem vertere procellae.
ergo ubi missa manu sonitum dedit hasta per auras^
convertere animos acris oculosque tulere 800
cuncti ad reginam Volsci. nihil ipsa nee aurae
nee sonitus memor aut venientis ab aethere teli^
hasta sub exsertam donee perlata ftapillam
haesit^ virgineumque alte bibit acta cruorem.
concurrunt trepidae comites dominamque ruentem
suscipiunt. fugit ante omnis exterritus Arruns^ 806
laetitia mixtoque metu^ nee iam amplius hastae
credere nee telis occurrere virginis audet.
ac velut ille^ prius quam tela inimica sequantur^
'•• primis P, '•* votia Mcterobius.
"» ubi] utM^PH, ««i auras 6c*, Serviua,
288
AENEID BOOK XI
spoil : when at lengthy seizing the chance^ Arruns
from ambush summons his lance^ and thus prajs
aloud to Heaven :
^^ " Apollo, most high of gods, guardian of holy
Soracte, whose chief worshippers are we, for whom
is fed the blaze of the pine-wood heap, while we thy
votaries, passing in strength of faith amid the fire,
plant our steps on the deep embers ^ — grant that this
shame be effaced by our arms, O Father Almighty I
I seek no plunder, no trophy of the maid's defeat,
nor any spoils ; other feats shall bring me fame ; so
but this dread scourge fall stricken beneath my blow,
inglorious I will return to the cities of my sires."
"^^ Phoebus heard, and in his heart vouchsafed
that half his prayer should prosper ; half he scattered
to the flying breezes. To o'erthrow and strike down
Camilla in sudden death, he yielded to his prayer ;
that his noble country should see his return he
granted not, and the blasts bore his accents to the
southern gales. Therefore, when the spear, sped
from his hand, whizzed through the air, all the Vol-
scians turned their eager eyes and minds upon the
queen. She herself, neither of air, nor of sound, nor
of weapon coming from the sky recked aught, till the
spear, borne home, beneath the bare breast found
lodging, and, driven deep, drank her maiden blood.
In alarm, her comrades hurry around her, and catch
their falling queen. Startled above all, Arruns flees
in mingled joy and fear, and no more dares he to
trust his lance, or to meet the maiden's weapons.
And lo ! even as the wolf, when he has slain a shep-
herd or a great steer, ere hostile darts can pursue
' In the ancient rites on Mount Soracte, the worshippers
walked three times through a pine-fire, carrying offerings to
the god. Of. Pliny, Nat. Hint vii. 2, 19.
289
VOL. II. U
VIRGIL
continuo in montis sese avius abdidit altos 810
occiso pastore lupus magnove iuvenco^
conscius audacis facti^ caudamque remulcens
subiecit pavitantem utero silvasque petivit :
baud secus ex oculis se turbidus abstulit Arruns
contentusque fuga mediis se immiscuit armis. 815
ilia manu moriens telum trahit^ ossa sed inter
ferreus ad costas alto stat volnere mucro.
labitur exsanguis^ labuntur frigida leto
lumina^ purpureus quondam color ora reliquit.
turn sic exspirans Accam^ ex aequalibus unam^ 820
adloquitur^ fida ante alias quae sola Camillae^
quicum partiri curas^ atque haec ita fatur :
^' hactenus^ Acca soror^ potui ; nunc volnus acerbum
conficit et tenebris nigrescunt omnia circum.
efFuge et haec Tumo mandata novissima perfer : 825
succedat pugnae Troianosque arceat urbe.
iamque vale.*' simul his dictis linquebat habenas^
ad terram non sponte fluens. tum frigida toto
paulatim exsolvit se corpore lentaque colla
et captum Leto posuit caput, arma relinquens^ 830
vitaque cum gemitu fugit indignata sub umbras.
tum vero immensus surgens ferit aurea clamor
sidera : deiecta crudescit pugna Camilla ;
incurrunt densi simul omnis copia Teucrum
Tyrrhenique duces Euandrique Arcades alae. 835
At Triviae custos iamdudum in montibus Opis
alta sedet summis spectatque interrita pugnas ;
utque procul medio iuVenum in clamore furentum
•*• relinquit c.
8" fidam M*Py^: fida mBc, Serviua.
"» quacum P^*c, ««« urbi P^R.
•*• reliiiqueus M (corrected from relinquit) Py : reliquit R :
reliiiquunt Prohua, according to Serviiis.
8B6 Tyrrhenumque Af. •»* iuvenem PV- furentem My*.
290
AENEID BOOK XI
lim^ straightway plunges by pathless ways among the
liigh mountains^ conscious of a reckless deed^ and
slackening his tail claps it quivering beneath his
belly^ and seeks the wbods : even so does Arruns^ in
confusion^ steal away from sights and^ bent on flighty
plunges amidst the armed throng. She^ with dying
hand^ tugs at the dart ; but between the bones the
iron point stands fast beside the ribs within the deep
wound. Bloodless she sinks; her eyes sink^ chill
with death ; the once radiant hue has left her face.
Then^ as her breath fails^ she thus accosts Acca^ a
maiden of equal years and true to Camilla beyond all
else, sole sharer of her cares, and thus she speaks :
" Thus far, sister Acca, has my strength availed ;
now the bitter wound o'erpowers me, and all around
grows dim and dark. Haste away, and bear to
Turnus this my latest charge, to take my place in
the battle, and ward the Trojans from the town.
And now farewell ! " With these words she dropped
the reins, gliding helplessly to earth. Then, growing
chill, she slowly freed herself from all the body's
bonds, drooped her nerveless neck and the head
which Death had seized, letting fall her weapons :
and with a moan life passed indignant to the Shades
below. Then indeed a boundless uproar rose,
striking the golden stars : Camilla fallen, the fight
waxes fiercer ; on they rush in crowds together, all
the Teucrian host, the Tyrrhene chiefs, and Evan-
der's Arcadian squadrons.
^^ But Opis, Trivia's sentinel, has long been seated
high on the mountain top, and, undismayed, watches
the combat. And when far off, amid the din of
291
u 2
VIRGIL
prospexit tristi mulcatam morte Camillain^
ingemuitque deditque has imo pectore voces : 840
'* heu nimium^ virgo^ nimium crudele luisti
supplicium^ Teucros conata lacessere bello !
nee tibi desertae in diunis coluisse Dianam
profuit aut nostras umero gessisse sagittas.
non tamen indeeorem tua te regina reliquit 845
extrema iam in morte^ neque hoc sine nomine letum
per gentis erit aut famam patieris inultae.
nam quicmnque tuum violavit volnere corpus^
morte luet merita." fuit ingens monte sub alto
regis Dercenni terreno ex aggere bustum 850
antiqui Laurentis opacaque ilice tectum ;
hie dea se primom rapido pulcherrima nisu
sistit et Arruntem tumulo speculatur ab alto.
ut vidit laetantem animis ac vana tumentem^
*'cur/* inquit^ " diversus abis ? hue derige gressum, 855
hue periture veni^ capias ut digna Camillae
praemia. tune etiam telis moriere Dianae ? "
dixit et aurata volucrem Threissa s;igittam fmpr
deprompsit pharetra comuque infensa tetendit
et duxit longe^ donee curvata coirent 860
inter se capita et manibus iam tangeret aequis^
laeva aciem ferri^ dextra nervoque papillam.
extemplo teli stridorem aurasque sonantis
audiit una Arruns haesitque in corpore ferrum.
ilium exspirantem socii atque extrema gementem 865
obliti ignoto camporum in pulvere linquunt ;
Opis ad aetherium pinnis aufertur Olympum.
Prima fugit domina amissa levis ala Camillae^
turbati fugiunt Rutuli, fugit acer Atinas^
••• mulcatam MPHy^bc*, Servius : mnltatam c\
•*♦ sagittas Af : pharetras PBy.
*** relinquet Pyb^c : relinquit />•. **• dea] ea i/*.
*** laetantem animis M^ : fulgenteni armis M^PRy.
•»• Camilla i?.
AENEID BOOK XI
raging warriors^ she espied Camilla done piteously to
deaths she sighed and from her heart's depth uttered
these words : " Alas ! too eruel^ too cruel^ O maiden^
the forfeit thou hast paid for essapng to brave the
Teucrians in battle ! Naught has it availed thee^ all
lonely mid the wilds^ to have served Diana, or to
have carried our shafts upon thy shoulder. Yet thy
queen has not left thee unhonoured even in death's
last hour ; nor shall this thy doom be without renown
among the nations^ nor shalt thou bear the reproach of
one unavenged ; for whoso hath with wound profaned
thy limbs shall pay the debt of death." Under the
mountain height stood a mound of earthy the mighty
tomb of Dercennus^ Laurentine king of old^ screened
by shadowy ilex; here first the beauteous goddess^
with swifb springs plants her feet^ and from the
barrow's height espies Amins. When she saw him
exulting in spirit and swelling with pride : " Why/'
she cries^ "strayest so far? Hither turn thy steps^
hither come to thy death and for Camilla receive due
guerdon ! Shalt thou^ even thou^ die by Diana's
darts?" So si)ake the Thracian nymph^ and from
gilded quiver plucked a winged shaft, stretched the
bow with full intent, and drew it far, till the curving
ends should meet together and, with levelled hands,
she should touch the steel's point with her left,
her breast with her right and with the bow-string.
Straightway, at the selfsame moment, Arruns heard
the whistling dart and whirring air, and the steel
was lodged in his breast. Him, gasping and moan-
ing his last, his forgetful comrades leave on the
unknown dust of the plain ; Opis wings her way to
heavenly Olympus.
8«8 First flees, their mistress lost, Camilla's light
squadron ; in rout flee the Rutulians, flees valiant
293
a
il.
ob
tCiac • marijti: §.'>")
._ T-^ U ."WSM aufifS TIYIUIIII.
. Ns- . .oac :itr-B Tua a^wB/frnaL.
^' ^. .x,t it -wowre dnro
, .^^.MEViwenibas ardent, 893
^'\ " ._stf ft Aoca tamultum :
* . ,>^ ^ rtiisse C«imllain,
8'v
864 I "'.*». jtcer Pjt Macrohiua.
«92
AENEID BOOK XI
Atinas ; scattered captains^ and troops left leaderless
make for shelter^ and^ wheeling their horses^ gallop
to the walls. Nor can any with arms check the
onset of death-dealing Trojans^ nor stand against
it^ but their unstrung bows they cast on fainting
shoulders^ and in their galloping course the horse-
hoof shakes the crumbling plain. On rolls to the
walls a cloud of dust^ black and murky^ and from the
watch-towers mothers^ beating their breasts^ uplift
to the stars of heaven their womanish cries. Upon
such as first broke at full speed through the open
gates^ there presses hard a throng of foes^ mingling
with their ranks^ nor escape they a piteous deaths
but on the very threshold^ their native walls about
them^ and within the shelter of their homes^ they
are thrust through^ and gasp away their lives. Some
close the gates^ and dare not open a way to their
friends^ nor receive them in the town^ implore as
they may ; and slaughter most pitiful ensues^ these
guarding the entry sword in hand^ and those rushing
upon the sword. Shut out before the eyes and gaze
of weeping parents^ some^ driven by the rout, roll
headlong into the trenches ; some, charging blindly
with loosened rein, batter at the gates and stoutly-
barred doors. The very mothers from the walls, in
keenest rivalry (true love of country points the way),
when they marked Camilla, flung weapons with trem-
bling hands, and hastily do the work of the steel
with stout oak-poles and seared stakes, and foremost
are fain to die upon their walls.
^^ Meanwhile among the forests the woeful tidings
fill Tumus' ears, and Acca brings the warrior her
tale of mighty turmoil : the Volscian ranks destroyed,
Camilla fallen, the foe fiercely advancing and sweep-
295
AENEID BOOK XI
He field in triumphant warfare, the panic now
ng to the town. He, raging — and Jove's stern
so demands — quits the hills' ambush, and leaves
' ' rough woodland. Scarce had he passed from
V and gained the plain, when father Aeneas,
ering the unguarded pass, scales the ridge, and
: ies from the shady wood. So both march toward
■ae walls, swiftly and in full force, nor far distant
om each other : and at the same moment Aeneas
. oscried afar the plain smoking with dust, and saw
oe I^aurehtine hosts, and Turnus was aware of fell
leneas in arms, and heard the coming of feet and
■ ohe snorting of steeds. And straightway would
. they enter the fray and essay conflict, but ruddy
Phoebus now laves his weary team in the Iberian
flood, and, as day ebbs, brings back the night. Be-
fore the city they encamp and strengthen the
ramparts.
297
LIBER XII
TuRNus ut infractos adverso Marte Latinos mpr
defecisse videt^ sua nunc promissa reposci^
se signari oculis^ ultro implacabilis ardet
attollitque animos. Poenorum qualis in arvis^
saucius ille gravi venantum volnere pectus, 5
turn demum movet a^ma leo, gaudetque comantis
excutiens cervice toros fixumque latronis
imf>avidus frangit telum et fremit ore cruento :
baud secus accenso gliscit violentia Turno.
turn sic adfatur regem atque ita turbidus infit : 10
" nulla mora in Turno ; nibil est, quod dicta retractent
ignavi Aeneadae, nee quae pepigere r^usent :
congredior. (fer sacra, pater, et concipe foedus.
aut hac Dardanium dextra sub Tartara mittam,
desertorem Asiae, (sedeant spectentque Latini) 1 5
et solus ferro crimen commune refellam,
aut habeat victos, cedat Lavinia coniunx/'
Olli sedato respondit corde Latinus :
*' o praestans animi iuvenis, quantum ipse feroci
virtute exsuperas, tanto me impensius aequum est 20
consulere atque omnis metuentem expendere casus,
sunt tibi regna patris Dauni, sunt oppida capta
*• crimen ferro Ec,
298
BOOK XII
When Tiirnus sees the Latins crushed and faint of
heart through war*s revcwc^ his own pledge now
claimed^ and himself the mark of every eye, forth-
with he blazes with wrath unappeasable and raises
high his spirit. As in Punic fields a lion, when
wounded, lo ! with grievous stroke of huntsmen in
the breast, then only wakes to war, joyously tosses
from his neck his shaggy main, and snaps, un-
daunted, the robber's implanted dart, roaring with
blood-stained mouth : even so in Tumus' kindling
soul the fury swells. Then thus he accosts the
king, and with these wild words begins :
11 " With Tumus lies no delay ! no need is there
for the coward sons of Aeneas to recall their words
or to renounce theif pact ! I go to meet him.
Bring the holy rites, sire, and frame the covenant.
Either with this arm will I hurl to hell the Dardan, j
the Asian runaway— let the Latins sit and see it — i
and with my single sword refute the nation's shame ; ^
or let him be lord of the vanquished, let Lavinia
pass to him as bride ! '*
1^ To him Latinus with unruffled soul replied :
"O youth of matchless spirit, the more in fierce
valour thou dost excel, all the more heedfuUy is it '^tf^itL
meet that I ponder and with fear weigh every * ^
chance. Thou hast thy father Daunus' realms, hast
^"'& ' * ^^^ *^ under the slur of cowardice.
• "*t 299
defeci^
se si^^'
attolli'
saiici
tum
exc
ha
t>
AENEID BOOK XII
iuny a town thy%Mkd has taken ; Latinus^ too^ has
lid and good will. Other unwed maids there are
1 Latium and Laurentum's fields, and of no ignoble
*>irth. ^SMffier me to utter this hard saying, stripped
'if all disguise, and withal drink this into thy soul r
ibr me to ally my child to any of her old-ttsa^
wooers, was forbidden, and this all gods and men
ibretold.^ Overborne by love of thee, overborne by
kindred yggd^and tears of my sorrowing queen, I
broke all TSuScs, snatched the betrothed from her
promised husband, ano^acbjf the unholy MKOKGLai/Hbo^
From that day, Turnus, thou seest what perils, what
wars pursue me, what heavy burdens thou above all
dost bear. Twice vanquished in mighty battle, we
scarce guard within our walls the hopes of Italy ;
Tiber's streams are still warm with our blood, the
boundless plains still white with our bones. Why
drift I back so often ?^ What madness turns my
purpose ? If, with Turnus dead, I amready to link
them to me .as allies, why not rather^^ft the strife
while 4ie sSR \iv^% What will thy Rutulian kins-
men say, what the rest of Italy, if — Fortune refute
the word ! — I should betray thee to death, while thou
wooest our daughter in marriage.'' Think on war's
changes and chances ; pity thine aged father, whom
now his native Ardea parts far away from us in
sorrow ! **
*^ In no wise do his words bend the fury of Turnus ;
still higher it mounts, more inflamed with the healing.
Soon as he could speak he thus began:. "The care
thou hast on my behalf, most gracious lord, on my
* c/. VII. 95 above.
^ Amata, wife of Latinus, was sister to Venilia, mother of
Turnus.
' i.e. from what must be bis inevitable decision.
301
VIRGIL
deponas letumque sinas pro laude pacisci.^
et DOS tela^ pater^ femimque haud debile dextra 50
spargimus^ et nostro sequitur de volnere sanguis,
longe illi dea mater erit^ quae nube fugacem
feminea tegat et vanis sese occulat umbris."
At regina^'nova pugnae conterrita sorte^
flebat et ardentem senerdm moritura tenebat : 55
" Tume, per has ego te lacrimas^ per si qui9 Amatae
taiigit honos animum (spes tu nunc una^ senectae
.tu requies miserae^ deeus imperiumque Latini
ie"pEnfe&. in te omnis domus inclinata recumbit),
unuhi oro : desiste manum committere Teucris. 60
qui te cumque manent isto certamine casus^
et me^ Turne^ manent : simul haee invisa relinquam
lumina nee generum Aenean captiva videbo."
acc^|5frvocem lacrimis Lavinia matris
flagrantis perfusa genas^ cui plurimus ignem 65
subiecit rubor et calefacta per ora cucurrit.
Indum san^uineo veluti violaverit ostro
si qms eb'^piTut mixta rubent ubi lilia multtC
i. a^l>a rosa : talis virgo dabat ore eolores.
iiTum turbat amor^ figitque in virgine voltus. 70
ardet in arma magis paueisque adfatur Amatam :
'* ne, quaeso^ ne me lacrimis neve omme tanto
prosequere in duri certamina Martis euntem^
o mater ; neque enim Tumo mora libera mortis.
OA o. nuntius haec^ Idmon^ Phrygio mea dicta tyranno 75
haud placitura refer : cum primum crastina caelo
puniceis invecta rotis Aurora rubebit^
1 cf. V. 230. '
^ 111 the Iliad (at v. 311 ff. ) Aeneas is rescued by Aphro-
dite who spreads before him a fold of her garment. Else-
302
o .«./^
AENEID BOOK XII
behalf; I prxy, resign^ and suffer me to barter death
for fame. ^^'^ too, sire, cau scatter darts and m> weak- *"•> ,^
ling steel from this right hand, and fromlfifi^ wounds ScJ. "^
too flows blood. Far from him will be his goddess- '^''- ^
mother to shelter the runaway, woman-like, with a'^ .
cloud, and to conceal herself in empty shadows." ^ ^ '^aa
^* But the queen, dismayed by the newterms of-v ^' ^^^^
conflict, wept, and clung to her fiery sb^1€ady to ^ A^
die ; ^^ Turnus, by these my tears, by aught of rever- ^^^
ence for Amata that yet may touch thy heart — ^thou
art now our only hope, thou the comfort of my sad
old age; in thine hands are the honour and sover-
eignty of Latinus, on tiiee rests all our sinking
house — one boon I beg i.^HMJrS fight the Trojans.
What perils soever irwlfft^^liee in that combat of
thine, await me also, Turnus ; with thee I will quit
this hateful light, nor m captivfl^ see Aeneas as my
son." Lavinia heard her mother's words, her burn-
ing cheeks steeped JA^ars, while a deep blush
kindled its fire, and nSmtlcd o'er her glowing face.
As when one stains Indian ivory with crimson dye,
or as when white lilies blush with many a blended
rose — such hues her maiden features showed. Him
love throws into turmoil, and he fastens his looks
upon the maid; then, fired yet more for the fray,
briefly he addresses Amata :
72 (t ^sLj, I beseech thee, not ^ith tears, not
with such omen, «B=si^J^pi4tf' Tfe stem wars
conflicts, do thou send me forth, O my mother;
nor truly has Turnus freedon te delay his death.
Idmon, be my herald and bear this my message to
the Phrygian king — message he will not welcome :
soon as to-morrow's Dawn, riding in crimson c»/^
where, however^ Apollo and Poseidon rescue him in a cloud -
{Hiad, V. 344 ; xx. 321 ff. ; cf. iii. 380).
303
VIRGIL
non Teucros agat in Rutulos; Teucrum arma
quiescant ^A^^^^ucti.
et Rutuli ; nostro dmmamus sanguine bellum ;
illo quaeratur coniunx Lavinia campo/* ^^ 80
Haec ubi dicta dedit rapid usque in tlect'a reeessit^
p^cit equos gaudetque tuens ante ora frementis,
Pnumno quos ipsa JSsQs dedit Orithyia,
qui candore nives anteirent, cursibus auras, ^^"^^jjt^
circumstant properi aurigae manibusque itf^^nt 85
pectora pUusa cavis et ^oUa comantia pectunt.
ipse denmoc auro s'^ualtntem ^Ib^u^ orichaleo
circumdat l({M^m umeris, simul 8pfei?liabendo ^ fcowJUA
ensemque elipeumque et rubrae comua cristae^ c^
ensem^ quern Dauno ign^potens deus ipse parent! 90
— fecerat et Stygia candenten7^6ffl^erat unda.
exih^ qua^jcnediis ingenti adnixa columnae
aedibu^^stabat^ validam ^corripit hastam^ mpr
Actoris Aurunci spolium^ quassatque trementeni
vociferans : " nunc^ o numquam frustrata vocatus 95
hasta meos^ nunc tempus adest ; te maximus Actor^
te Turni nunc dextra gerit. da sternere corpus
loricanique manu valida ^acj^re revolsam
semiviri Phrygis et fSMi^ in pulvere crinis
vilSrau)s calido feKrb murraque madentis.'io^^^ 100
his ^gitur fi^riisjjiotoque ardentis ab ore ' ^>
scintiuae afeih^tiiiit, oculis micat acribus ignis ;
mdgil^ veluti(cum prima jn proelia) taurus
terrificos ciet atque Wasci ill cornua temptat,
■*^ * arboris ofellxt^trunco, ventosque lacessit * - C r. . 1 05
ictibus aut sparsa ad pugnam proludit harena. ^'^
V-
'• Rutulum h^c^. ** propere Ey^.
*• columna ybK *•"• cadentis Py^.
^®* exsistunt li. ^®' primam M^ : primum i?.
10* atque] aut M^PRhK
304
AENEID BOOK XII
reddens in the sky, let him not lead Teucrians
against Rutulians — let Teucrian arms and Rutulians
have rest — with our own blood let us settle the war ;
on that field be Lavinia wooed and won ! "
^^ These words said^ with haste withdrawing home^
he calls for his steeds^ and joys to see them neighing
before his face— the steeds that Orithyia's self gave as
a glory to Pilumnus^ for that they excelled the snows
in whiteness^ the gales in speed. The eager chari-
oteers stand rounds patting with hollow palms their
sounding chests^ and combing their flowing manes.
Next he binds upon his shoulders a corslet stiff with
gold and pale mountain-bronze ; withal^ he fits for
wear sword and shield and the horns of his ruddy
crestj^; the sword the divine Lord of Fire had himself
AwPought for his father Daunus and dipped^ all glow-
ing, in the Stygian wave. Then, his mighty spear,
which stood leaning upon gjgi^nt column amid the
hall, he seizes ^vrith strong ^mnS, spoil of Auruncan
Actor, and shakes it quivering, while he cries aloud :
" Now, O spear, that never failed my call, now the
hour is come ! Thee mighty Actor once bore ; thee
now the hand of Turnus wields. Grant me to lay low
the body, with strong hand to tear and rend away
the corslet of this Phrygian eunuch, and to defile in
dust his locks, crisped with heated iron and be-
drenched in myrrh ! " Such is the frenzy driving
him: from all his face shoot fiery. sparks; his eager
eyes flash flame — even as a bull, ere the battle
begins, awakes a fearful bellowing, and, essaying
to throw wrath into his horns, charges a tree's trunk ;
he lashes the winds with his blows, and paws the
sand in prelude for the fray.^
^ The crest rested upon two projecting sockets made of
horn. • ' cf. Oeorgica, iii. 232-234.
305
vol.. II. X
•^v \Mji •.-
lArJk
VIRGIL
Nee njinus interea maternis saevus in aimis
AMieasacufP'Martem et se suscitat ira^
oDiato gaudens componi foedere bellum.
turn socios maestique metum -solatur lull^ 110
^ fata docens^ regique iubet respohsa Latinio
certa refeire yiros et pacis dicere leges.
Postera vix summos spargebat lumine montis
orta dies^ cum primum alto se gurgite tollunt
, Solis equi lucemque elatis naribus efflant: 1 15
'«;;j^2^. campumadc^Wenmagnaesubinoenibusurbis
"^^^ dimensi Rutuliqpe viri Teuerique parabant
in medioqueT^^ds et dis communibus aras
^^4*4<^, gramineas. alii fontemque ignemque ferebant,
•velatilimo'et verbena tempoVfi vineti^ — -fC^ ^^^
procedit legio Ausonidum. pilataqu^plenis ''N* ^
. agmina jse fundunt portis. hinc Troius omnis 4«
A, -Jvrriienusauerjjit variis exercitus armis^ ^
^tauosecusmstnien ft qufltn si aspera Martis ^
pugna vocet ; nee non mediis in milibus ipsi 125
duetores auro volitant ostroque superbi^
**'fe et genus Assaraci Mnestheus et fortis Asilas
et Messapus equum domitor^ Neptunia proles,
utque dato signo spatia in sua quisqb^ recessit^
defigunt tellure hastas et scuta reelinant. 1 30
turn studio effusae matres et volgus inermum
invalidique senes turris et teeta domorum
obsedere^ alii portis sublimibus adstant.
At Juno e summo^ qui nunc Albanus habetur
*" summo 3/. **' demensi My\
^'* lino ilSS. {except two in Paris), Servius: limo given by
Servitis us the re<idivg attributed to Virgil by Caper and
Hyginus.
"* ferro] bello M, "• decori AfSS. except M.
"• telluri R, "« et] ac PRy,
"» instant R,
306
AENEID BOOK XII
^^^ Nor less^ meantime, Aeneas, fierce in the arms
his mother gave,^ whets his valour and stirs his heart
with wrath, rejoicing that the war is settled by the
compact offered. Then he comforts his comrades,
and sad liilus* fear, teaching, them of fate, and bids
bear firm answer to King Latinus and declare the
terms of peace.
^^3 Scarce was the morrow's dawn sprinkling the
mountain-tops with light, what time the Sun's steeds
first rise from the deep Hood, and breathe light from
uplifted nostrils, when Rutulians and Teucrians
marched out and made ready the lists for the combat
under the great city's walls, and in the midst hearths
and grassy altars to their common deities. Others
were bringing fountain-water and fire, draped in
aprons ^ and their brows bound with vervain. Forth
moved the Ausonian host, and troops, close-banded,
pour from the crowded gates. On this side streams
forth all tlie Trojan and Tyrrhene host in diverse
armament, accoutred in steel, even as though the
harsh battle-strife called them. Nor less, amid their
thousands, the captains dart to and fro, brilliant in
gold and purple, Mnestheus of the line of Assaracus,
and brave Asilas, and Messapus, tamer of horses,
seed of Neptune. Soon as, on given signal, each has
retired to his own ground, they plant their spears in
earth, and rest their shields against them. Then,
eagerly streaming forth, mothers and the unarmed
throng, and feeble old men, have beset towers and
house-tops ; others stand upon the lofty gates.
^^ But Juno, from the hill-summit now called
* Made by Vulcan at the request of Venus ; r/. Aen. viii.
608 if.
' The limus was an apron worn by priests, so called because
it had a transverse stripe of purple.
307
X 2
VIRGIL ^
(turn neque nomen erat neque honos aut gloria monti)^
prospiciens tumulo campum aspectabat ei ambas 1 36
Laurentum Troumque acies urbemque Latini.
extemplo Tumi sic est adfata sororem,
diva deam^ stagnis quae'fluminibusque sonoris
praesidet; hunc illi rex aetheris altus honorem 140
luppiter erepta pro virginitate sacravit :
" nympha^ decus fiuviorum> animo gratissima nostro,
. <r^ ^scis ut te cunetis unam, quaeeumque Latinae
magnanimi lovis mgralun? ascendere cubile^
5 Y^aJi. cA-f'^rafetulcrim eaelique libens in parte locarim : 145
/msce tuum^ ne me incuses^ luturna^ dolorem.
qua visa est Fortunajatirarcaeque smeBant.
cedere res Latio, Turnum et tua moenia fexiT^^
nunc iuvenem imparibus video concurrere fatis^
Parcarumque dies et vis inimica propinquat. ^ 1 50
oon pugnam aspicere banc oculis^ non foedera possum,
tu pro germano si quid praesentius audes^
'^pergt ; Secet. tiof saTffiniseros meliora sequentur."
Vix ea) cum lacrimas oculis lutuma pro^dit
terquequaterque manu pectus percussit honestumT 155
** non lacrimis hoc tempus/* ait Saturnia luno :
'^accelera et fratrem, si quis modus, eripe morti ;
ayt tu bella. cie conceptumque excute foedus.
^ aucfor ego'^udendi '* sic exhortata reliquit
incertam et trisnTurbatamvolnere mentis. l60
Interea reges, ingenti molej^tinus
quadriiugo vehitur curru, cui teinpora circum
aurati bis sex radii fulgentia cingunt^
*** carissima PJRy, **■ Latinis F*yK
^'^^ in foedere MK
^®^ rex ingenti de mole M^. *•• quadrigo PyK
808
AENEID BOOK XII
Alban — at that time the mount had neither name
nor fame nor honour — ^looking forth^ gazed upon the
plain^ upon the double lines of Laurentum and Troy^
and upon the city of Latinus. Straightway thus^
goddess to goddess^ she spake to Turnus* sister,
mistress of the meres and sounding rivers: such
dignity Jupiter, heaven's high lord, hallowed to
her in return for theft of maidenhood: "O nymph,
glory of rivers, to my heart most dear, thou know-
est how, above all Latin maids that have mounted
to high-souled Jove's thankless bed, thee alone I
have preferred, and to thee have gladly given a
place in heaven : learn, Juturna, the grief that will
be thine, so that me thou mayest not blame. Where
Fortune seemed to permit, and the Fates suffered
Latium's state to prosper, I shielded Turnus and
thy city. Now I see the prince confront unequal
destiny; and the day of doom and the enemy's
stroke draw nigh. Upon this battle, this treaty,
mine eyes cannot look : do thou, if thou darest aught
of more present help for thy brother's sake, go on ;
it is thy part. Perchance on the unhappy happier
days shall wait."
^•'** Scarcely thus she spake, when Juturna's eyes
streamed with tears, and thrice, yea four times, her
hand smote her comely breast. " No time is this for
tears," cries Saturnian Juno ; " hasten, and if any
means there be, snatch thy brother from death ; or
do thou waken battle, and dash from their hands the
treaty they have framed. 'Tis I who bid thee dare."
Thus having counselled, she left her doubtful and
distracted in soul under the cruel wound.
i«i Meanwhile the kings ride forth, Latinus in
mighty pomp drawn in four-horse car, twelve golden
rays circling his gleaming brows, emblem of his
309
VIRGIL
Solis avi specimen ; bigis it Turnus in albis^
bina manu lato cnspa^ls hastilia ferro. l65
hinc pater Aeneas, Romanae stirpis origo,
si4ereo flagrans clipeo et caelestibus armis,
et iuxta Ascanius, magnae spes altera Romae,
procedunt castris, puraque in veste sacerdos
saetigeri fetum suis intonsamqne bidentem 1 70
attulit admovitque pecus flagrantibus aris.
illi ad surgentem conversi/lumma solem
"^^ dant fruges manibus salsas et tempora ferro
sunnna notant pecudum paterisque altaria libant.
turn pius Aeneas stricto sic ense precatur : 175
'^ esto nunc Sol testis et haec mihi Terra precanti,
quam propter tantos potui perferre labores,
.et pater omnipotens et tu Saturnia coniunx,
lam melior, iam, diva, precor ; tuque inclute Mavors,
c^feta tuo qui bella, pater, sub numine torques ; 1 80
Fpntisque Fluviosque voco, quaeque aetheris alti
^"'^^"^^l^^et quae caeruleo sunt numina ponto :
cesserit Ausonio si fors victoria Turno,
coijvenit^Euandri vjctos discedere ad urbem,
cedet lulus agris, nee post arma ulla rebelles 185
Aeneadae referent ferrove haec regna lacessent.
sin nostrum adnuerit nobis Victoria Martera
(ut potius reor et potius di numine firment),
non ego nee Teucris Italos parere iubebo
nee mihi regna peto : paribus se legibns ambae 190
invictae gentes aeterna in foedera mittant.
178 precanti i/, Sermus : vocanti PJty^.
*'^ coniunx] luno M^a^c, Servius {cf. 156).
*^* decedere 3P. *** propius di J?, numina P^Hy,
310
AENEID BOOK XII
^Miccstral Sun ; ^ while Turnus comes behind a snow-
white pair^ his hand brandisliing two spears with
broad heads of steel. On this side father Aeneas,
source of the Roman stock, ablaze with starry shield
and celestial arms, and, close by, Ascanius, second
hope of mighty Rome, issue from the camp ; while in
apiStffes raiment a priest has brought the young of a
bristly boar and an unshorn sheep of two years old,
and set the beasts beside the blazing altars. The
heroes, turning their eyes to the rising sun, sprinkle
salted meal from their hands, mark the foreheads
of the rrdlms with the knife,^ and from gobleta
pour libations on the altars. Then good Aeneas,
drawing his sword, thus makes Qgyer :
176 ^<Now be the Sun witness tl^my call^^%d this
Earth, for whose sake I have been able to endure
such travails, and the Father Almighty, and thou his
consort, Satumia — now kindlier, now at last, I pray, O
goddess : and thou, famed Mavors, thou the sire that
wieldest all warfare under thy sway ; and on Founts
and Floods I call, on all the majesty of high heaven
and powers that tenant the blue seas : if haply vic-
tory fall to Turnus the Ausonian, 'tis agreed that the
vanquished withdraw to Evander s city. lulus shall
quit the soO ; nor ever in after-time shall the sons of
Aeneas return for renewed war, or attack this realm
with the sword. But if Victory grant that the battle
be ours — as I rather deem, and so rather may the
gods confinnitwith their power I — I will not bid the
Italians be mf^ffct to Teucrians, nor do I seek the
realm for mine ; under equal terms let both nations,
unconquered, witcr upon an everlasting comiiact^
^ LatinuB was descended from the Sun through Circe,
mother of Faunus.
^ i,e, by cutting off a lock of hair to be burnt.
^7 V ^
V,
VIRGIL
sacra deosque dabo ; socer arma Latinus habcto,
imperium sollemne socer ; mibi moenia Teucri
constituent urbique dabit Lavinia nomen."
Sic prior Aeneas ; sequitur sic deinde Latinus, 195
suspiciens caelum, tenditque ad.sidera dextram :
^^ haec ^dem, Aenea,, terram, mare, sidera iuro,
Latonaeque genus duplex lanumque bifrontem
Ivimque deum infemam et dun sacraria Ditis ;
audiat baec^genitor, qui foedera limine sancit. 200
tango aras,vmedioi« Ignis et numina testor :
nulla dies pacem bancTttalis nee foedera rumpet,
quo res cumque cadent, nee me vifulla volentem
avertet, non, si tellurem eifvindat in undas,
diluvio miscenlrf caelumque in TartaraASolvat ; 205
^"xX sceptrum boc" (dextra sceptruni nam\forte
" numquam fronde levi fun4et virgultanec umbras,
cum semel m siivis iijio de stirpe recisum ~
matre car^ posuitque comas et bracchia ferro ;
olim arbos, nunc artificis manus aere decoro 210
inclusrtpatribusque dedit gestare Latinis."
talibush inter se firmabant foedera dictis
prospectif in medio procerum. tum rite sacra tas
in flammam iugulant pecudes et viscera vivis
eripiunt cumulantque oneratis lancibus aras. 215
At vero Rutulis impar ea pugna videri
iamdiidiim et vario misceri pectora motu ;
tum magis, ut propius cemunt non viribus acquis.
*®* rampit P* ; rumpat P*y,
*^* prospectu M : conspecta otJ^r MSS. in omitted M^P^.
^ cf, the oath of Achilles in Homer, Iliad, i. 234 ff.
312
AENEID BOOK XII
Gods and their ritesi will give ; let Latinus^ as my
sire^ keep the sw^3 ; as my sire^ keep his wonted a^^A>4;Z<«v^
command. For me^ the Teucrians shall raise walls^
and Lavinia give 4h«^-ci^ her name/'S ^ c^^
^^^ Thus first Aeneas^ and after him Latinus thus
follows^ uplifting eyes to heaven^ and outstretching
his right hand to the stars : *^ ^y these same Powers 1
swear^ Aeneas^ by Earthy Sea^ Stars^ Latona's two-
fold offsprings and two-faced Janus, ai^ the might
of gods^^^low^ and the shrines of crii^i Dis: may
the great^ae* hear 1^^|(vords) who sanctions ti^Jties
with his thunderbolt ! I touch . the, ^tars^ I w^S^f^^
these fires and gods t^ifriT^^taiid Hctwc^iv »a : no
time shall break this oeace and truce for Italy,
howsoever things sh^ll isfiueY nor shall anv force
turn aside '^my will^ffiiot though^ cfim&tnffling all
in deluge, it should plunge land into water, and
dissolve Heaven into Hell : even as this sceptre " ^
(for^lM^5t^9 /J^^s hand he bore his sceptre) "shall
never mHrgeon with Jight leafage into branch or
shade, now that oncenwB^n the forest from the
iMmer stem, it is reft of its mother, and beneath the
steel has shed its leaves and twigs ; once a tree, now
the craftsman's hand has cased it in seemly bronze
and given it to sires of Latium to bear." With such
V^ords) they sealed faith between them, amid the
gazing loids; then over the flame duly slay the
hallowed beasts, and tear out the live entrails, and
pile the altars with laden chargers.
^^^ But to the Rutulians long had the l^attleseemed
unequ^ and their hearts, owayofl Jrto and irQ,^'KaA' ^^
l(mgi%^fiti~~ttti:m^; and now the more, the more
closely they scan its ill-matched strength.^ Turnus
^ With cfmwfd one may supply either yvugnam or eos (the
combatants). Some regard non viribtts aequis as an interpola-
tion ; Ribbeck thinks the passage is incomplete.
313
iA^yr<fJ9
VIRGIL
adiuvat incessu tacito progressus et aram
suppliciter venerans demisso lumine Turnus 220
tabentesque genae et iuvenali in corpore pallor.
quern simul ae lutuma soror crebrescere vidit
sermonem et volgi variare.labantia corda,
in medias acies^ fonnam adsimuYa^ Camerti
(cui genus a proavis ingens clarumque ^temae 225
nomen erat virtut^ et ipse acerrimus armis)^
in medias dat sese acies^ baud nescia rerum^
rumoresque sent varios ac talia fatur :
" non pudet, o Rutuli^ pro eunctis talibus unam
obieetare animam ? numerone an viribus aequi 230
non sumus ? en^ omnes et Troes et Arcades hi sunt,
fatal esque manus, iofensa Etruria Turuo.
vix hostem, alterni si congrediamur, habemus.
ille quidem ad superos, quorum se devovet aris,
succedet]fama vivusque per ora feretur ; 235
Lnos patria amissa dominis parere superbis
'cogemur, qui nunc lenti consedimus arvis."
Talibus incensa est iuvenum sententia dictis
iam magis atque magis serpitque per agmina murmur ;
ipsi Laurentes mutati ipsique Latini. 240
qui sibi iam requiem pugnae rebusque salutem
sperabant, nunc arma volunt foedusque precantur
infectum et Turni sortem miserantur iniquam.
his aliud maius luturna adiungit et alto
dat signum caelo, quo non praesentius uUum 245
turbavit mentes Italas monstroque fefellit.
namque volans rubra fulvus lovis ales in aethra
litoreas agitabat avis turbamque sonantem
*** tabentes a*c ; pubeutes most MSS.
*'* au] ac P*. aequis Py. *** fatalisque PyCy Servhis,
*" lentis 7*. armis M^y^ (lentis . . . armis BerUley).
"' iam] turn Py, *** praestantius H,
**' fulvus rubra M^. lovis] acer P {cf. sacer ales, xi. 721).
314
tuvrsju njiywML vji^ aHiis — ^li^to thc midmost ranks she
>wing "WeHner task, scatters diverse
. , AENEID BOOK XII
iswelis the unrest by advancing with noiseless tread
and humbly adoring the altar with downcast eye^
swells it by his wasted cheeks and by the pallor of
his youthful mna€K Soon as Jutuma his sister saw
these wpS^eiK spread^ and the hearts of the thr&S^'^
wavering m'^rS^dO^tnto the midmost ranks^ in^iga^d-
SQiii£laiiCd& '^oF' Gimers — noble his ancestral house,
glorioij^ tlie renown of hiu father's worth, himself
mo$t
knowmg
rumours, and thus cries : " Are ye not ashamed,
Rutulians, for all a host like ours toset^at hazard
one single life? In numbers, or in might, are we
not their match ? All of them, mark you, are here
Trojans and Arcadians, and the fate-lfid bands ^
Etruria, hostile to Tumus : should but every other
man of us join battle, scarce find we, each of us, a
foe. He, indeed, shall mSifab-mi iaane, to the gods,
to whose altars he vows his life, and shall move't-
living on the lips of men : \ we, our country lost,
shalP^mw pcmEmC to ifeuglity masters — we, who
to-day sit listless upon the fields ! "
2^ With such words the warriors* resolve is kindled
yet more and more, and a murmur creeps from rank
to rank. Even the Laurentines, even the Latins are
changed ; and they who of late hoped for rest from
the fray, and safety for their fortunes, now long for
arms, pray the covenant may be undone, and pity
Tumus' -unjust fate. To these Juturna adds another
and mightier impulse, and in high heaven shows a
sign, than which none was more potent to confound
Italian minds and cheat them with its miracle. For,
flying through the ruddy sky, Jove's golden bird was
chasing the fowls of the shore and the clamorous
* cf. Oeorgics, in. 9.
315
VIRGIL
agminis aligeri^ subito cum lapsus ad undas
cycnum excel lentem pedibus rapit improbus uncis. 250
arrexere animos Itali cunctaeque volucres
convertunt clamore fugam (mirabile visu)
aetheraque obscurant pinnis hostemque per auras
facta nube premunt, donee vi victus et ipso
pondere defecit praedamque ex unguibus ales 255
proiecit fluvio^ penitusque in nubila fugit.
Turn vero augurium RutuH clamore salutant
expediuntque manus^ primusque Tolumnius augur
*' hoc erat, hoc, votis/' inquit, " quod saepe petivi.
accipio, adgnoscoque deos ; me, me duce fernim 260
corripite, o miseri, quos improbus advena bello
territat, invalidas ut avis, et litora vestra
vi populat. petet ille fugam penitusque profundo
vela dabit. vos unanimi densate catervas
et regem vobis pugna defendite raptum." 265
Dixit et ad versos telum contorsit in hostis
procurrens ; sonitum dat stridula cornus et auras
certa secat. simul hoc, simul ingens clamor, et omnes
turbati cunei calefactaque corda tumultu.
hasta volans, ut forte novem pulcherrima fratrum 270
corpora constiterant contra, quos fida crearat
una tot Arcadio coniunx Tyrrhena Gylippo,
horum unum ad medium, teritur qua sutilis alvo
balteus et laterum iuncturas fibula mordet,
egregium forma iuvenem et fulgentibus armis, 275
transadigit costas fulvaque eflfiindit harena.
*
2«i miseri] Rutuli y*bc,
'"* densete M, Servius.
*'• mediam MK alveo P*; aiiro Af.
^ To indicate their wish to fight, according to Servius, this
being a conseiiaio militaria. Conington renders *' make their
hands ready to fight.*' (So also Benoist.)
316
AENEID BOOK XII
rout of their winged troop^ when^ swooping suddenly
to the water^ shameless he snatches up in his crooked
talons a stately swan. All alert become the Italians^
when lo ! one and all^ wondrous to behold^ the birds
wheel clamorously their flighty and^ darkening the
sky with wings^ in serried cloud drive their foe
through the air^ till^ overborne by the onset and the
sheer weight, the bird gave way, dropped the booty
from his talons into the stream, and sped far within
the clouds.
^^^ Then in truth the Rutulians hail the omen with
a cheer and spread out their hands. ^ And first of all
Tolumnius the augur cries : " This it was, this, that
my vows have often sought ! I accept it, I acknow-
ledge the gods. With me, me at your head, snatch
up the sword, O hapless people, whom, like frail
birds, a shameless alien affrights with war, and rudely
ravages your coasts. He too will take to flight, and
spread sail far across the deep. Do ye with one
accord close up your ranks, and defend in battle the
king thus snatched from you ! "
2^ He spoke, and, darting forward, hurled his
spear full against the foe ; the whistling cornel-shafb
sings, and splits the air, unerring. With the deed,
at once uprises a mighty shout, the crowds are all
confusion, and their hearts heated with turmoil. On
flies the spear, where, as it chanced, nine brethren of
goodly stature stood in its path — ^the many borne of
one faithful Tuscan wife to Arcadian Gylippus. One
of these near the waist, where the stitched belt chafes
the belly, and the buckle bites the linked sides ^ —
a youth of comely form and gleaming armour — it
pierces clean through the ribs and stretches on the
^ i.e. the ends of the belt. Others refer the expression to
the edges of the ribs.
317
VIRGIL
at iratres^ animosa phalanx accensaque luctu,
pars gladios stringunt manibus^ pars missile ferrum
corripiunt caecique ruunt. quos agmina contra
procurrunt Laurentum; hinc densi rursus inundant
Troes Agyllinique et pictis Arcades armis : 281
sic omnis amor unus habet decernere ferro.
diripuere aras, it toto turbida caelo
tenipestas telorum ac ferreus ingruit imber,
craterasque focosque ferunt. fugit ipse Latinus 285
pulsatos referens infecto foedere divos.
infrenant alii currus aut corpora saltu
siibiciunt in equos et striclis ensibus adsnnt.
Messapus regem regisque insigne gerentem
Tyrrhenum Aulesten, avidus confundere foedus^ 290
adverse proterret equo : ruit ille recedens
et miser oppositis a tergo involvitur aris
in caput inque umeros. at fervidus advolat hasta
Messapus teloque orantem multa trabali
desuper altus equo graviter ferit atque ita fatur: 295
" hoc habet^ haec melior magnis data victima divis."
concurrunt Itali spoliantque calentia membra,
obvius ambustum torrem Corynaeus ab ara
corripit et venienti Ebuso plagamque ferenti
occupat OS flammis : olli ingens barba reluxit 300
nidoremque ambusta dedit. super ipse secutus
caesariem laeva turbati corripit hostis
impressoque genu nitens terrae applicat ipsum ;
"» it] et P^K «*7 aut] et M,
"8 adstant MK
318
AENEID BOOK XII
yellow sand. But of his brethren — a gallant band^
and fired by grief — part draw their swords^ part seize
the missile steely and rash blindly on. Against them
charge the Laurentine columns; from their side
again pour thickly in Trojans and Agyllines and
Arcadians with blazoned arms. Thus all are ruled
by one passion^ to let the sword decide. Lo ! they
have stripped the altars; through the whole sky
flies a thickening storm of javelins and the iron rain
falls fast: bowls and hearth-fires are. carried off.
Latinus himself takes flight, bearing back his de-
feated gods, the covenant now void ; the others rein
their cars or vault upon their steeds and with drawn
swords are on the scene.
28« Messapus, eager to rend the truce asunder,
with charging steed affrights Tuscan Aulestes, a
kingi and wearing a king's device. Backward he
rushes, and whirled, poor man, upon the altars be-
hind, is thrown on head and on shoulders. But
Messapus flashes forth like fire, spear in hand, and,
aloft on his horse, smites heavily down upon him
with massive shaft, though sorely he pleads; then
cries thus: "He has it;^ here is a nobler victim
given to the mighty gods!'* The Italians crowd
around and strip his warm limbs. Standing in the
path, Corynaeus snatches up a charred brand from
the altar, and as Ebysus comes up and aims a blow,
dashes flames in his face : his mighty beard blazed
up, and sent forth a smell of fire. Then himself
pursuing the stroke, he clutches in his left hand the
locks of his bewildered foe, and with thrust of his
bended knee bears his body to earth, and there
* He was an Etruscan Liijcuvno or Lara.
^ i.e. he has his death-blow : an expression used by specta-
tors when a gladiator was struck.
VIRGIL
sic rigido latus ense ferit. Podalirhis Alsum,
pastorem primaque acie per tela ruentem^ 305
ense sequens nudo superimminet : ille securi
adversi frontem mediam mentumque reducta
disicit et sparso late rigat arma cruore.
olli dura quies oculos et ferreus urget
somnus, in aetemam clauduntur lumina noetem. 310
J At pius Aeneas dextram tendebat inermem
nudato capite atque suos clamore vocabat :
" quo ruitis ? quaeve ista repens discordia surgit ?
o cohibete iras ! ictum iam foedus et omnes
compositae leges ; mihi ius concurrere^li ; 315
me sinite atque auferte metus ; ego foedera faxo
firma manu ; Turnum debent haec iam milii sacra. "^
has inter voces, media inter talia verba,
ecce viro stridens aUs adlapsa sagitta est,
incertum qua pulsa manu, quo turbine adacta, 320
quis tantam Rutulis laudem, casusne deusne,
attulerit : pressa est insignis gloria facti
nee sese Aeneae iactavit volnere quisquam.
Turnus ut Aenean cedentem ex agmine vidit
turbatosque duces, subita spe fervidus ardet ; 325
poscit equos atque arma simul saltuque superbus
vemSftat in currum et manibus momur haben^
multa virum volitans dat fortia corpora Lefo/
semmeces votvit multos aut agmina curru
tKpjnSterit aut rapta» lugientibus ingerit hastas. 330
qualis apud gelidi cum flumina concitus Hebri
sanguineus Mavors clipeo intonat atque furentis
bella movens immittit equos ; illi aequore aperto
ante Notos Zephyrumque volant, gemit ultima pulsu
«o* feret MK pedit P. »«» conduntur P,
^^^ inertem MK "^^ quaeve] quove i2,
"1 -ve . . . -ve M, »»" aut] et R
^^* increpat P7, Serviua. furentis] furenti M: prenienti A/'.
320
AENEID BOOK XII
smites his side with unyielding sword. Podalirius,
pursuing with naked steely overhangs the shepherd
Alsus^ as in foremost line he rushes amid the darts ;
but Alsus^ swinging back his axe^ severs full in
front his enemy's brow and chin, and drenches his
armour with widely spattered gore. Stern repose
and iron slumber press upon his eyes, and their orbs
close in everlasting night.
^^1 But good Aeneas, with head bared, was stretch-
ing forth his unarmed hand, and calling loudly to
his men : " Whither do ye rush ? What means this
sudden outburst of strife } O curb your rage ! Truce
is already stricken, and all its terms fixed; mine
alone is the right to do battle. Give me way and
banish fears ; this hand shall prove the treaty true ;
already these rites make Turnus mine ! " Amid
these cries, amid such words, lo ! against him a whiz-
zing arrow winged its way, launched by what hand,
sped whirling by whom, none knows, nor who —
chance or god — brought Rutulians such honour:
hidden is the fame of that high deed, and no one
vaunted him of the wounding of Aeneas.
^24 Soon as Turnus saw Aeneas withdrawing from
the ranks, and his captains in confusion, he glows
with the fire of sudden hope, calls for horses, calls
for arms, with a bound leaps proudly into his chariot,
and firmly grasps the reins. In his swift course
many a brave man's body he gives to death ; many a
man he tumbles half-slain, or crushes whole ranks
beneath his car, or, seizing spear after spear, showers
them upon the fugitives. Even as when, at full
speed, by the streams of icy Hebrus blood-stained
Mavors thunders with his shield, and, rousing war,
gives rein to his frenzied steeds ; they o'er the open
plain outstrip the South wind and the West ; utmost
321
VOL. II. Y
VIRGIL
Thraca pedum circumque atrae Formidinis ora 335
Iraeque Insidiaeque^ dei comitatus^ aguntur :
talis equos alacer media inter proelia Tumus
fumaiitis sudore quatit^ miserabile caesis
hostibus insultans : spargit rapida ungula rores
sanguineos mixtaque cruor caleatur harena. 340
iamque Neci Sthenelumque dedit Thamyrumque
Pholumque^
hunc congressus et hunc^ ilium eminus ; eminus
ambo
Imbrasidas^ Glaucum atque Laden^ quos Imbra-
sus ipse
nutrierat Lycia paribusque ornaverat armis,
vel conferre manum vel equo praevertere ventos. 34-5
Parte alia media Eumedes in proelia fertur,
antiqui proles bello praeelara Dolonis,
nomine avum referens, animo manibusque parentem,
qui quondam, castra ut Danaum speculator adiret,
ausus Pelidae pretium sibi poscere currus : 350
ilium Tydides alio pro talibus ausis
adfecit pretio, nee equis adspirat Aehillis.
hunc procul ut campo Turnus prospexit aperto,
ante levi iaculo longum per inane secutus,
sistit equos biiugis et curru desilit atque 355
semianimi lapsoque supervenit, et pede collo
impresso dextrae mucronem extorquet et alto
fulgentem tinguit iugulo atque haec insuper addit :
" en agros et quam bello, Troiane, petisti,
Hesperiam metire iacens : haec praemia, qui me 360
ferro ausi temptare, ferunt, sic moenia condunt."
88« elapsoque F\ Servius, **' expreaso MK dextra ByK
322
AENEID BOOK XII
Thrace moans with the beat of their hoofs^ and
around him speed black Terror's forms^ and Anger^
and Ambush^ attendants on the god : with like
eagerness amid the fray Tumus goads his sweat-
smoking horses^ piteously trampling on the slain foe ;
the galloping hoof splashes bloody dews^ and spurns
the gore and mingled sand. And now he has given
Sthenelus to deaths and Thamyrus^ and Pholus^ these
in close encounter, the first from afar ; from afar the
sons of Imbrasus, Glaucus and Lades, whom Imbrasus
himself had nurtured in Lycia and equipped with
like arms, either to fight hand to hand or on horse-
back to outstrip the winds.
3*^ Elsewhere Eumedes rides to the midmost fray,
war-famed scion of ancient Dolon, in name renewing
his grandsire, in heart and hand his sire, who of old,
for going in espial to the Danaan camp, dared to ask
as his wage the car of Peleus* son ; but for such
daring far other wage did the son of Tydeus pay him,
and no more sets he his hopes upon Achilles* steeds.^
Him Tumus descries afar on the open plain, and,
first following him with light javelin through the
long space between them, then stays his twin-yoked
steeds, and leaps from his car ; now descends on the
fallen, dying man, and, planting his foot on his neck,
wrests the sword from his hand, dyes the glittering
blade deep in his throat, and adds these words
withal : " Lo ! Trojan, lie there, and measure out
the fields and that Hesperia thou didst seek in war :
such meed is theirs, who dare to tempt me with the
sword ; so stablish they their walls ! ** Then with
* The story of Dolon, who for the promised reward of
Achilles' chariot and horses undertook to explore by night
the Grecian camp, but was put to death by Diomede, the
son of Tydeus, is told in Homer, Iliad, x. 314 fif.
323
V 2
VIRGIL
liuic comitem Asbjten coniecta cuspide mittit
Chloreaque Sybarimque Daretaque Thersilochumque
et sternacis equi lapsum cervice Thymoeten.
ac velut Edoni Boreae cum spiritus alto 365
insonat Aegaeo sequiturque ad litora fluctus ;
qua venti incubuere, fugam dant nubila caelo :
sic Tumo, quacumque viam secat, agmina cedunt
conversaeque ruunt acies ; fert impetus ipsum
et cristam ad verso curru quatit aura volantem. 370
non tulit instantem Phegeus animisque frementem :
obiecit sese ad currum et spumantia frenis
ora citatorum dextra detorsit equorum.
dum trahitur pendetque iugis^ hunc lata retectum
lancea consequitur rumpitque infixa bilicem 375
loricam et summum degustat volnere corpus.
ille tamen clipeo obiecto conversus in hostem
ibat et auxilium ducto mucrone petebat,
cum rota praecipitem et procursu concitus axis
impulit effunditque solo^ Turnusque secutus 380
imam inter galeam summi thoracis et oras
abstulit ense caput truncumquj| reliquit harenae.
t Atque ea dum campis victordaE^unera Turnus,
interea Aenean Mnestheus et fidus Achates
Ascaniusque comes castris statu ere cruentum, 385
alternos longa nitentem cuspide gressus.
saevit et infracta urctatiir hariindine telum
eripere auxilioque viam, quae proxima, poscit ;
"^^^'^^eifee secent lato volnus telique latebras
rescindant pemtus, seseque in bella remittant. 390
iamque aderat Phoebo ante alios dilectus lapyx
880 efPudit Ey. ' 882 harena Ry,
885 comes] piier R» '89 latebram PR,
324
AENEID BOOK XII
cast of spear he sends Asbytes to bear him company^
and Chloreus and Sybaris^ Dares and Thersiloehus^
and Thymoetes^ flung from the neck of his restive
horse. And as when the blast of the Edonian North-
wind roars on the deep Aegean^ and drives the
billows shoreward ; where the winds swoop, the
clouds scud through the sky: so, wherever Turnus
cleaves a path, the ranks give way, and lines turn
and run; his own speed bears him on, and the
breeze, as his chariot meets it, tosses his flying plume.
Phegeus brooked not his onset and fiery rage ; before
the chariot he flung himself, and with his right hand
wrenched aside the jaws of the furious steeds, foam-
ing on the bits. While he is dragged along clinging
to the yoke, the broad spear-head reaches his un-
guarded side, rends the two-plated corslet where it
lodged, and with its wound just grazes the surface
of the flesh. Yet he, with shield before him, turned
and was making for his foe, seeking succour from
his drawn sword, when the wheel and axle, whirling
onward, struck him headlong and flung him to the
ground, and Turnus, following, with sweep of blade
between the helmet's lowest rim and the breast-
plate's upper edge, smote ofl* his head, and left the
trunk upon the sand.
^®8 And while Turnus thus victoriously deals havoc
over the plains, Mnestheus meantime and loyal
Achates, and Ascanius by their side, set down Aeneas
in the camp, all bleeding and staying every other
step upon his long spear. Raging, he struggles to
pluck out the head of the broken shaft, and calls for
the nearest road to relief, bidding them with broad
sword cut the wound, tear open to the bottom the
wea})on*s lair, and send him back to battle. And
now drew near lapyx, lasus' son, dearest beyond
325
VIRGIL
lasides^ acri quondam cui captus amore
ipse suas artis^ sua munera^ laetus Apollo
augurium citharamque dabat celerisque sagittas.
ille ut depositi proferret fata parentis, 395
scire p^testates herbarum usumque medendi
maluit et mutas agitare inglorius artis.
stabat acerba fremens, ingentem nixus in hastam,
Aeneas, magno iuvenum et maerentis luli
eoncursti, lacrimis immobilis. ille retqrto 400
Paeonium in morem senior succinetus aihietu
multa manu medica Phoebique potentibus herbis
nequiquam trepidat, nequiquam spicula dextra
sollicitat prensatque tenaci forcipe ferrum.
nulla viam Fortuna regit, nihil auctor Apollo 405
Subvenit, et saevus campis magis ac magis horror
crebrescit propiusque malum est.^^i^a pulvere caelum
stare vident, subeunt equites et ^(cuta castris
densa cadunt mediis. it tristis ad aethera clamor
bellantum iuvenum et duro sub Marte cadentum. 410
Hie Venus, indigno nati cpncussa dolore,
dictamnum genetrix Cretaea carpit ab Ida,
puberibus caulem foliis et flore comantem
purpureo ; non ilia feris incognita capris
gramina, cum tergo volucres haesere sagittae. 415
hoc Venus, obscuro faciem circumdata nimbo,
detulit, hoc fusum labris splendentibus amnem
inficit, occulte medicans, spargitque salubris
*»* dabat PjB, ** vera lectio" (Servitis) : dedit M: dedi 7^
»" multas P^cK »»8 fixus MK
400 reporto B, *®^ Paeonidum M : Paeonum P.
*®* pressat B, "® subeuntque E,
*!' pendentibus B : plendentibus P.
^ i.e. unlike music and prophecy, wherein the voice is
used. But the idea of obscurity is also included, for the
profession of medicine does not ledd to great fame.
326
AENEID BOOK XII
others to Phoebus, to whom once gladly did Apollo's
self, with love's sting smitten, offer his own arts, his
own powers — his augury, his lyre and swift arrows.
He, to defer the fate of a sire sick unto death, chose
rather to know the virtues of herbs and the practice
of healing, and to ply, inglorious, the silent arts.^
Bitterly chafing, Aeneas stood propped on his mighty
spear, amid a great concourse of warriors along with
sorrowing I til us, himself unmoved by their tears.
The aged leech, with robe rolled back, and girt in
Paeonian fashion, with healing hand and Phoebus'
potent herbs makes much ado — in vain ; in vain
with his hand pulls at the dart, and with gripping
tongs tugs at the steel. No Fortune guides his
path, in no wise does Apollo's counsel aid : and
more and more the fierce alarm swells o'er the
plains, andniffher draws disaster. Now they see
the sky i^bome on columns of dust ; on come the
horsemen, and shafts fall thick amidst the camp.
Heavenward mounts the dismal cry of men that
fight and men that fall beneath the stern War-god's
l^and. ^>?, .. ,^, i,^\,'.
^^1 Hereupon Venus, smitten- by her son's cnrel
pain, with a mother^^s care plucks from Cretan Ida
a dittany 2 stalk, cTotficd with downy leaves and
purple flower ; not unknown is that herb to wild
goats, when winged arrows have lodged in their
flank. This Venus bore down, her face veiled in
dim mist; this she Steeps with secret healing in the
river-water poured into bright-brimming ewer, and
* The dittany {dictamnus) takes its name from Mt. Dicte
in Crete, where, according to Aristotle, Cicero and others,
wild goats found a cure for their wounds in the eating of the
herb.
327
VIRGIL
ambrosiae sucos et odoriferam panaceam.
lo^t ea volnus lympha longaevus lapyx 420
ignorans, subitoque omnis de corpore fugit
quippe dolor, omnis stetit imo volnere sanguis,
iamque ^ecuta manum nuub cogenlfe sagitta
excidit, atque novae rediere in ^fflSma vires,
"arma citi propemte viro ! quid statis?** lapyx 425
conclamat primusque animos accendit in hostem.
" non haec humanis opibus, non arte magistra
proveniunt, neque te, Aenea, mea dextera servat:
maior agit deus atque opera ad maiora remittit."
ille avidus pugnae sutas ineluserat auro "^ - 430
hinc atque Ijinp oditque moras hastamque coruscat.
postquam naKlis lateri clipeus loricaque tergo est,
Ascanium fusis eireum compleetitur armis
summaque per gal^am delftiaift oscula fatur :
" disce, puer, virtutem ex me verumque laborem, 435
fortunam ex aliis. nunc te mea dextera bello
defensum dabit et magna inter praemia ducet :
tu facito, mox cum matura adoleverit aetas,
sis memor et te anime-repetentem exempla tuorum
et pater Aeneas et avunculus^xcitet Hector." 440
Haec ubi dicta dedit, portis sese extulit ingens,
telum immane manu quatiens ; simul agmine denso
Antheusque Mnestheusque ruunt omnisque relictis
turba fluit castris. tum caeco pulvere campus
miscetur pulsuque pedum tremit excita tellus. 445
vidit ab adverso venientis aggere Turnus,
videre Ausonii, gelidusque per ima cucurrit
421-425 omitted y\ «« in volnere P^Ey^
*2' manu M^P^y^: manus ^^7^.
«8 te omitUd M\ *" ruit P. /
328
AENEID BOOK XII
sprinkles ambrosia's healthful juices and fragrant
panacea.^ With that water aged lapyx laved the
wound^ unwitting; and suddenly^ of a truths all
pain fled from the body^ all blood was staunched
deep in the wound. And now, following his hand,
without constraint, the arrow fell out, and newborn
strength returned, as of yore. " Quick I bring him
arms ! Why stand ye ? " loudly cries lapyx, fore-
most to fire their spirit against the foe. " Not
by mortal aid comes this, not by masterful art, nor
doth hand of mine save thee, Aeneas ; a mightier
one — a god — ^works here, and sends thee back to
mightier deeds." He, eager for the fray, had
sheathed his legs in gold, on right and left, and,
scorning delay, is brandishing his spear. Soon as
the shield is fitted to his side, and the corslet to his
back, he clasps Ascanius in armed embrace, and,
lightly kissing his lips through the helm, he ciies :
" Learn valour from me, my son, and true toil ;
fortune from others. To-day my hand shall shield
thee in war and lead thee where are great rewards :
see thou, when soon thy years have grown to ripe-
ness, that thou be mind&l thereof, and, as thou
recallest the pattern of thy kin, let thy sire Aeneas,
and thy uncle Hector stir thy soul ! "
^*^ These words uttered, forth from the gates he
passed in his might, his hand brandishing a massive
spear : with him rush Antheus and Mnestheus in
serried column, and all the throng streams from the
forsaken camp. Then the plain is a turmoil of
blinding dust, and the startled earth trembles under
the tramp of feet. From the facing rampart Turnus
saw them coming; the Ausonians saw, and a cold
^ Ambrosia, food of immortals, and panacea, the ** cure
for all," are two mythical plants.
S29
VIRGIL
ossa tremor ; prima ante omnis lutuma Latinos
audiit adgnovitque sonum et tremefacta refugit.
ille volat campoque atrum rapit agmen aperto. 450
qualis ubi ad terras abrupto sidere nimbus
it mare per medium ; miseris^ heu^ praescia longe
horrescunt eorda agricolis ; dabit ille ruinas
arboribus stragemque satis^ met omnia late ;
ante volant sonitumque ferunt ad litora venti : 455
talis in adversos ductor Rhoeteius hostis mphv
agmen agit^ densi cuneis se quisque coactis
adglomerant. ferit ense gravem Thymbraeus Osinim,
Arcetium Mnestheus, Epulonem obtruncat Achates,
Ufentemque Gyas; cadit ipse Tolumnius augur^ 460
primus in adversos telum qui torserat hostis.
tollitur in caelum clamor versique vicissim
pulverulenta fiiga Rutuli dant terga per agros.
ipse neque aversos dignatur sternere morti
nee pede congressos aequo nee tela ferentis 465
insequitur ; solum densa in caligine Turnum
vestigat lustrans, solum in certamina poscit.
Hoc concussa metu mentem luturna virago
aurigam Turni media inter lora Metiscum
excutit et longe lapsum temone relinquit ; 470
ipsa subit manibusque undantis flectit habenas,
cuncta gerens, vocemque et corpus et arma Metisci.
nigra velut magnas domini cum divitis aedes
pervolat et pinnis alta atria lustrat hirundo,
pabula parva legens nidisque loquacibus escas, 475
**» adgnoscit P. *" ruit M.
*" volans MP^yK **^ coacti MK
*" adversos MPy, *'® reliquifc M^PBy.
330
AENEID BOOK XII
shudder ran through their inmost marrow : first
before all the Latins Jutuma heard and knew the
sounds and in terror fled away. Aeneas wings his
way^ and sweeps his dark column over the open
plain. As when a tempest bursts^ and a storm-cloud
moves towards land through mid-ocean^ the hearts
of hapless husbandmen^ alas ! know it from far and
shudder— downfall will it bring to trees and havoc
to crops, it will o'erthrow all far and wide — before it
fly the winds, and waft their voices shoreward : even
so the Rhoeteian ^ chief full against the foe brings
up his band ; densely they gather, each and all, to
his side in close-packed columns. Thymbraeus
smites mighty Osiris with the sword, Mnestheus
slays Arcetius, Achates Epulo, Gyas Ufens ; falls
too even the augur Tolumnius, who first had hurled
his spear full against the foe. A shout rises to
heaven, and in turn the routed Rutulians mid clouds
of dust turn their backs in flight across the flelds.
Himself he deigns not to lay low the fugitives in
death nor assails he such as meet him foot to foot
or wield their darts : Turnus alone he, with searching
glance, tracks out through the thick gloom, alone
summons to battle.
^^ Stricken in heart with such fear, Jutuma, the
warrior-maid, flings forth Metiscus, Turnus* cha-
rioteer, from amid his reins, and leaves him afar,
fallen from the pole ; herself takes his place, and
guides with her hands the flowing thongs, assuming
all that Metiscus had, — his voice, form, arms. As
when a black swallow flits through a rich lord's
ample mansion and wings her way through stately
halls, gleaning for her chirping nestlings tiny crumbs
' i.e. Trojan.
331
VIRGIL
et nunc porticibus vacuis^ nunc uniida circum
stagna sonat : similis medios luturna per hostis
fertur equis rapidoque volans obit omnia curru^
iamque hie germanum iamque hie ostentat ovantem^
nee conferre manum patitur^ volat avia longe. 480
haud minus Aeneas tortos legit obvius orbis
vestigatque virum et disiecta per agmina magna
voce vocat. quotiens oculos coniecit in hostem
alipedumque fugam cursu temptavit equorum^
aversos totiens currus luturna retorsit. 485
heu^ quid agat? vario nequiquam fluctuat aestu
diversaeque vocant animum in contraria curae.
huic Messapus, uti laeva duo forte gerebat
lenta^ levis cursu^ praefixa hastilia ferro^
horum unum certo contorquens derigit ictu. 490
substitit Aeneas et se coUegit in arma^
poplite subsidens ; apicem tamen incita summum
hasta tulit summasque excussit vertice cristas,
turn vero adsurgunt irae^ insidiisque subactus^
diversos ubi sentit equos currumque referri, 495
multa lovem et laesi testatus foederis aras
iam tandem invadit medios et Marte secundo
terribilis saevam nullo discrimine caedem
suscitat irarumque omnis efFundit habenas.
Quis mihi nunc tot acerba deus^ quis carmine caedes
diversas obitumque ducum^ quos aequore toto 501
inque vicem nunc Turnus agit, nunc Troius heros,
expediat ? tanton placuit concurrere motu^
luppiter, aeterna gentis in pace fiituras ?
Aeneas Rutulum Sucronem (ea prima ruentis 505
*'» ostendit i»P. *" totos F,
*88 adversos iH/^yc.
•""^ sentit M: sensit nioat MSS.
"• testatur Pi2. «»« furentis V.
332
AENEID BOOK XII
and scraps of food^ and twitters now in the empty
courts^ now about the watery pools : even so Juturna
is borne by the steeds through the, enemy's midst^
and winging her way in swift chariot scours all the
field. And now here, and now there, she displays
her triumphant brother, yet suffers him not to close
in fight, but flits far away. None the less Aeneas
threads the winding maze to meet him, and tracks
his steps, and amid the scattered ranks with loud
cry calls him. Oft as he cast eyes on his foe and
strove by running to match the flight of the winged
steeds, so oh Juturna turned and wheeled her car.
Ah, what to do? Vainly he tosses on a shifting
tide, and conflicting cares call his mind this way and
that. Against him Messapus, who haply in left hand
bore two tough shafts tipped with steel, lightly
advancing, levels one and whirls it with unerring
stroke. Aeneas halted, and gathered himself behind
his shield, sinking upon his knee ; yet the swift
spear bore off his helmet-peak, and dashed from his
head the topmost plumes. Then indeed his wrath
swells, and o'erbome by the treachery, when he
sees that the steeds and chariot of his foe are with-
drawn afar, having oft appealed to Jove and the
altars of the broken treaty, now at last he plunges
into the midst, and adown the tide of war terribly
awakes grim indiscriminate carnage, flinging loose
all the reins of passion.
600 What god can now unfold for me so many
horrors, who in song can tell such diverse deaths,
and the fall of captains, whom now Turnus, now the
Trojan hero, drives in turn o'er all the plain ? Was
it thy will, O Jupiter, that in so vast a shock should
clash nations that thereafter would dwell in everlast-
ing peace } Aeneas, meeting Rutulian Sucro, — ^that
333
J
(.
' C f
t 'J
VIRGIL
volvitur ater odor tectis, turn murmure caeco
intus saxa sonant^ vacuas it fumus ad auras.
' Accidit haec fessis etiam fortug.a Latinis^
quae totam luctu concussit mnaftus urbem.
regina ut tectis venientem prospicit hostem, 595
incessi muros, ignis ad tecta volare,
nusquam acies contra Rutulas^ nulla agmina Turnip
infelix pugnae iuvenem in certamine credit
exstinctum et, subito mentem turbata dolore,
se causam clamat crimenque caputque malorum, 600
multaque per maestum demens effata furorem,
purpureos moritura manu discindit amictus
et nodum informis leti trabe nectit ab alta.
quam cladem miserae postquam accepere Latinae^
filia prima manu fioi:Qg.L.avinia crinis 605
et roseas laniata genaj. tu^^etera circum
Vurba furit ; resonarilflataeplangoribus aedes.
hinc totam infelix volgatur fama per urbera.
'demittunt mentes, it sc^savest'e Latinus^
coniug{s~attonitus fatis ^rbisque ruina, 6 10
. cafcti^ immundo perfusSm puwere turpans.
"" Interea extremo bellator in aequore Turnus 6l4
*|p(Iantis^equitur paucos iam segnior atque 6l5
iam mipus atque minus successu laetus equorum.
attulit hue illi caecis terroribus aura
commixtum clamorem arrectasqu€TmpuliF3liris
confusae sonus urbis et inlaetabile murmur.
'' ei mihi ! quid tanto turbaiitur moenia luctu ? 620
quisve ruit tantus diversa clamor ab urbe ? "
**• incedi M^: incendi y : incensi E.
*°^ floros ProhuSy Servius : flavos MSS.
«07 latae 3PBc : late M^Pyh.
612, 613 multaque se incusat, qui non acceperit ante | Dar-
danium Aenean generumque adsciverit ultro omitted MPRyb ;
taken from xi. 471, 472.
340
AENEID BOOK XII
whet their rage ; the black reek rolls through their
dwelling, the rocks within hum with hidden murmur,
and smoke issues to the empty air.
593 This further fate befell the labouring Latins,
and shook the whole city to her base with grief.
When from her ""palace the queen sees the foe
approach, the walls assailed, flames mounting to the
roofs, yet nowhere Rutulian ranks, no troops of
Turnus to meet them, alas ! she thinks her warrior
^dain in combat, and, her mind distraught by sudden
^aa^pish, cries, out that she is the guilty source and
spfeg of sof roajs, and uttering many a wild word in
the frenzy of grief, resolved to die, rends her purple
robe;s, and from a lofty beam fastens the »eo«^ of a
mmbtts death. Soon as the unhappy Latin women
learned this disaster, first her daughter Lavinia, her
hand tearing her flowery tresses and roseate cheeks,
then all the throng around her, madly rave ; the
wide halls ring with lamentations. Thence the woe-
ful rumour spreads throughout the town. Hearts
sink ; with rent raiment goes Latinus dazed at his
wife's doom and his city's downfall, defiling his hoary
hairs with showers of unclean dust.
®i* Meanwhile Turnus, battling on the plain's far
edge, is pursuing siSfffy stragglers, slacker now and
less and less exultant in the triumph of his steeds.
To him the breeze bore that cry blended with 6^4^.
terrors unknown, and on his straining ears smote the ' ^
sound and joy|es&^urmur of the town in turmoil.
" Ah me ! wha^ isihis great sorrow that shakSSl thr
walls ? What is this cry speeding from the distant
341
4* •
VIRGIL
sic ai|; adductis(}iie amens subsistit habenls.
atque huic, in faciem soror ut con versa Metisci
CAft^/^ru^^-fjm^gag currumque et equos et lora regebat,
talibus occurrit dictis : ^^ hac, Tume, sequamur 625
Troiugenas,Jgua prima viam victoria pandit :
sunt alii, (fui teqta manu defendere possint.
Jtrxj v,^ ingruit Aeneas Italis et proelia n^^et :
et nos saeva manu mittamus fimfe1?a Teucris.
nee numero inferior, pugnae nee honore recedes." 630
Tumus ad haec :
'*o soror, et dudum adgnovi, cum prima per artem
foedera tiffc^i teoue haec in bella dedisti,
et nunc nequiquam ramsf'dea. sed quis Olympo
demissam tantos voluit te ferre labores ? 635
an fratris miseri letum ut ^frudelejo^Qres ?
nam quid ago? aut quae iam ^Jonder r ortuna salutem ?
vidi oculosante ipse meos me voce vocantem
Murranum, quo non superat mihi carior alter,
oppetere in§ente1n%tque ingenti volnere victum. 640
occidit infelix, ne nostrum dedecus Ufens
aspiceret ; Teucri potiuntur corpore et armis.
exscindine don^os (id rebus defuit unum),
perpetiar, dextra nee Drancis dicta refellam ? 644
te^a ^K^eW'urnum fugientem haec terra videbit?
^^qu^idleone mori miserum»est? vos o mihi. Manes,
^ste DoiS, quoniam superis adversa voluntas,
sancta ad vos anima atque istiu^ii^cia culpae
descendam, juagnorum baud umquam indignus
avorun(^"
Yix ea fatus erat, medios volat ecce per hostis 650
vectus equo spumante Saces, adversa sagitta mp
«** gerebat P7I. '"^ possunt P.
•^ superat] fuerat M.^.
•" nostnimne P. •*' aversa PP.
342'
^/>
AENEID BOOK XII
town ? " So he speaks^ and in frenzy draws in the
reins and halts. Thereon his sister^ as^ changed to
the form of his charioteer Metiscus, she guided car
and steeds and reins, meets him with these words :
*^ This way, Turnus, pursue we the sons of Troy,
where victory first opens a path ; others there are
whose hands can guard their homes. Aeneas falls
upon the Italians with turmoil of battle ; let our
hand too deal fierce havoc among his Teucrians !
Neither inStale of dead, nor in fame of war, shalt
thou c^SureKlfcr the worse." To this Turnus : ^'Sister,
both long since I knew thee, when first thou didst
craftily mar the pact and fling thyself into this war,
and now thou vainly hidest thy deity. But who
willed that thou be sent down from Olympus to bear
such sore toils ? Was it that thou mightest see thy
hapless brother's cruel death } For what may I do ?
Or what chance can now assure me safety ? Before
my very eyes, as loudly he called upon me, have I
seen Murranus fall, — no other dearer than he is leftci^
me — a mighty soul and laid low by a mighty wound.
Fallen is luckless Ufens, that so he might not view
our shame : the Teucrians hold his corpse and
armour. The razing of their homes — the one thing
lacking to my lot— shall I endure it, nor with my
sword refute Drances* taunts.'^ Shall I turn my
back, and shall tl^s land see Turnus in flight ? Is
death all ^s^^^aSi^ Be kind to me, ye Shades,
since the gods above have turned their faces from
me. A stainless soul, and ignorant of that re-
proach, I will descend to you, never unworthy of
my mighty sires of old ! "
65^ Scarce had he spoken, when lo ! borne on
foaming steed through the foemen's midst speeds
Saces, wounded full in face by an arrow, and, rush-
.343
i.
VIRGIL
saucius ora, ruitque implorans nomine Turniim :
" Turne, in te suprema salus ; miserere tuorum.
fulminat Aeneas armis summasque minatur
deiecturum arces Italum excidioque daturum^ 655
iamque faces ad tecta volant, in te ora Latini^
in te oculos referunt ; mussat rex ipse Latinus^
quos gVnerbs vocet aut quae sese ad foedera flectat.
praeterea regina, tui fidissima^ dextra
occidit ipsa sua lucemque exterrita fugit. 660
soli pro portis Messapus et acer Atinas
sustentant acies. circum hos utrimque phalanges
stant densae strictisque seces mucronibus horret
ferrea : tu cur rum deserto in gramme versas."
obstipuit varia confusus imagine rerum 6^5
Turnus et oMimi Kcito stetit ; aestuat ingens
uno in corde pu3or mixtoque insania luctff^
et furiis agitatus amor et consciaAVirtus. mpv
ut primum discussae umbrae et lux reddita mentis
ardentis oculorum orbis ad moenia torsit 670
turbid us eque rotis magnam respexit ad urbem.
Ecce aujbem flammis ipter tabulata volutus l[^^.^
^ ad caeliimi^uniafeat vertex turrimque teheDat,
turrim, compactis trabibus quam eauxerat ipse
subdideratque rotas pdn£isque instraverat altos. 675
" iam iam fata^ soror, superant : absiste morari ;
quo deus et quo dura vocat Fortuna, sequamur.
stat conferre manum Aeneae, stat, quidquid acerbi est,
morte pati ; neque me indecorem, germana, videbis
amplius. hunc, oro, sine meturere ante furorem." 680
««a aciem P. ««« c/. x. 870/. «" qua dura P.
344
AENEID BOOK XII
ing on, calls for aid by name on Turnus : ^^ Turnus,
in thee lies our last hope ; pity thy people ! Aeneas
thunders in arms, and threatens to overthrow Italy's
highest towers and give them to destruction : even
now brands are flying to the roofs. To thee the
Latins turn their looks, to thee their eyes ; King Lati-
nus himself mutters in doubt, whom to call his sons,
or towards what alliance to incline. Moreover the
queen, all whose trust was in thee, has fallen by her
own hand, and fled in terror fi'om the light. Alone
before the gates Messapus and valiant Atinas sustain
our lines. Around these on either side stand serried
squadrons, and a harvest of steel bristles with drawn
swords ; yet thou wheelest thy car o'er the deserted
sward." Aghast and bewildered by the changeful
picture of disaster, Turnus stood mutely gazing;
within that single heart surges mighty shame, and
madness mingled with grief, and love stung by fury,
and the consciousness of worth. Soon as the shadows
scattered and light dawned afresh on his mind, his
blazing eyeballs he turned wrathfuUy upon the walls
and from his car looked back upon the spacious city.
^•^2 But lo I from storey to storey a rolling spire of
flame was eddying heavenward, and fastening upon a
tower— a tower that he himself had reared of jointed
beams and set on wheels and slung with lofty gang-
ways,^ " Now, my sister, now Fate triumphs : cease
to hinder ; where God and cruel Fortune call, let us
follow ! Resolved am I to meet Aeneas, resolved
to bear in death all its bitterness ; nor longer, sister
mine, shalt thou behold me shamed. With this
madness suffer me ere the end, I pray, to be a mad-
^ c/. the account at ix. 530 ff. These defensive towers
were provided with wheels, and with gangways, which could
be lowered to the walls.
34^5
VIRGIL
dixit et e curru sal turn dedit ocius arvis
perque hostis^ per tela ruit maestamque sororem
deserit ac rapido cursu media agmina rumpit.
ac veluti mentis saxum de vertice praeceps
cum ruit, avolsum vento, seu turbidus imber 685
proluit aut annis solvit sublapsa vetustas ;
fertur in abruptum magno mons improbus actu
exsultatque solo, silvas, armenta virosque mprv
involvens secum : disieeta per agmina Tumus
sic urbis ruit ad muros, ubi plurima fuso 69O
sanguine terra madet striduntque hastilibus aurae,
sifigiificatque manu et magno simuLmeipit ore :
"pEtft^ iam, Rutuli, et vos tela inml^te, Latini :
quaecumque est fortuna, mea est ; me verius unum
pro vobis foedus luere et decernere ferro." 695
discessere omnes medii spatiumque dedere.
At pater Aeneas audito nomine Turni
deserit et muros et summas deserit arces
praecipitatque moras omnis, opera omnia rumpit,
laetitia exsultans, horrendumque intonat armis ; 700
quantus Athos aut quantus Eryx aut ipse-gftr"Sf^i«
cum fremit ilicil5usquantus gaudetque nivali
vertice se attollens pater Appenninus ad auras,
iam vero et Rutuli certatim et Troes et omnes
convertere oculos Itali, quique alta tenebant 705
moenia quique imos pulsabant ariete muros,
armaque deposuere umeris. stupet ipse Latinus
ingentis, genitos diversis partibus orbis,
inter se coiisse viros et cemere ferro.
atque illi, ut vacuo patuerunt aequore campi, . 710
procursu rapido, coniectis eminus hastis,
'®^ Athon h^Cy Servius.
'®' et omitted c. cerDere P\ Seneca (Ep. 58. 3), Servius:
discernere 6, known to Prucian : decernere most MiSS. , known
to Servius. •
346
AENEID BOOK XII
man.'* He said, and leapt quickly from his car to the
field, and rushing through foes and through spears,
leaves his sorrowing sister, and burst in rapid course
amid their columns. And as when a rock from
mountain-top rushes headlong, torn away by the
blast — whether the whirling storm has washed it
free, or time stealing on with lapse of years has
loosened it; down the steep with mighty rush
sweeps the reckless mass, and bounds over the earth,
rolling with it trees, herds, and men : so amid the
scattered ranks Turnus rushes to the city-walls,
where the groimd is deepest drenched with spilled
blood, and the air is shrill with spears ; then beckons
with his hand and thus begins aloud : '' Forbear now,
Rutulians, and ye Latins, stay your darts. What-
ever fortune is here is ^^^^^-a^^^ better that I alone
lifybii^ateaid ax^e for the oevf^snt, and decide 4h«
issue with the sword." All drew apart from the
midst and gave him room.
^^^ But father Aeneas, hearing Turnus* name, for-
sakes the walls, forsakes the lofty fortress, flings
aside all delay, breaks off all tasks, and, exultant
with joy, thunders terribly on his arms: vast as
Athos, vast as Eryx or vast as Father Apennine
himself, when hieroars with his quivering oaks, and
joyously lifts'TteSfefc^fe^ his snowy head. Now
indeed, all turned emulous eyes, — Rutulians, and
Trojans, and Italians, both they who held the lofty
ramparts, and they whose ram battered the walls
below — and doffed the armour from their shoulders.
Latinus himself is amazed that these mighty men, bom
in far distant climes, are met together and make deci-
sion with the sword. And they, soon as the lists were
clear on the open plain, dasjji swiftly forward, first
347
VIRGIL
invaduDt Martem clipeis atque acre sonoro.
dat gemitum tellus ; turn crebros ensibus ictus
congeminant ; fors et virtus miscentur in unum.
ac velut ingenti Sila summove Taburno 715
cum duo conversis immica in proelia tauri Q/^^^a^
frontibus incurrunt ;^aviai ^G&sSfe ma^Sfi';"-
stat pecus omne metu mutum mussantque iuvencae^
quis nemori imperitet, quern tota armenta se-
quantur ; mpr
illi inter sese multa vi volnera miscent 720
cornuaque obnixi iniigunt et sanguine largo
colla armosque lavant; gemitu nemus omne remugiti
non aliter Tros Aeneas et Daunius heros
concurrunt clipeis ; ingens fragor aethera complet.
riuppiter ipse duas aequato examine lances^^atig 725
sustinet et fata imponit diversa duorum,
quena da^ii^et labor et quo vergat pondere letum.
Emicat hie, impune putans, et corpore toto
alte sublatum consurgit Turnus in ensem
^t'ferit;.,:-jexclamant Troes trepidique Latini, 730
arrectaeque amborum acies : at perfidus ensis
frapgitur in medioque ardentem deserit ictu,
ni fuga subsidio subeat. fugit ocior Euro,
ut capulum ignotum dextramque aspexit inermem.
fama est praecipitem, cum prima in proelia iunctos 735
conscendebat equos, patrio mucrone relicto,
dum trepidat, ferrum aurigae rapuisse Metisci :
idque diu, dum terga dabant palantia Teucri,
suffecit ; postquam arnfia dei ad VSlcania ventum est,
mortalis mucro, glacies ceu futtilis, ictu 740
713 crebris M^yK '^* miscetur F.
'1^ silva Ey^f known to Servius.
'!• pecori 7*. ''^^ proelia y^.
'2' et] aut 6, Nonius, Serviiia,
'32 ictum MH. '38 primum PEy. ad PyK
348
AENEID BOOK XII
hurling their spears from far^ and rush on the fray
with shields and clanging brass. Earth groans ; then
with the sword they shower blow on blow, chance
and valour blending in one. And as on mighty Sila
or on Tabumus' height, when two bulls charge,
brow to brow, in mortal battle, back in terror fall
the keepers, the whole herd stands mute with dread,
and the heifers dumbly ponder who shall be lord of
the forest, whom all the herds shall follow ; they
with mighty force de^mutual wounds, gore with
butting horns, and oam^ neck and shoulders in
streaming blood ; all the w6d3l3aid re-echoes with
the . bellowing : evei^ so Trojan Aeneas and the
Daunian hero clash shield on: shield ; the mighty
crash fills the sky. Jupiter himself upholds two
scales in even balance/ and lays thereinthe diverse
destinies of bothj ^diom the strife oSeSsT^nd with
'^i^^A^^ weight death sinks down.^
728 Now forth jsprings Turnus, deeming it safe,
rises full height*^®' his uplifted sword, and strikes.
V The Trojans and expWrant Latins cry aloud ; both
\ . ^^y>iaa hoskis are on tiptoe with excitement. But the
^ "*^J:. twtttojwi^ sword snaps, and in mid stroke fails its
fiery lord, did not flight come wliis sircwnir. Swifter
than the East wind he flies, soon as he -m^Scs an
unknown hilt in his defenceless hand. Fame tells
that in his headlong haste, when first mounting
behind his yoked steeds for battle, he left his
father s blade behind and in his haste snatched up
the steel of Metiscus his charioteer ; and for long
that served, while the straggling Teucrians turned
their backs : but when it met the god- wrought
armour of Vulcan, the mortal blade, like brittle ice,
^ For this weighing of the fates, see Homer, Iliad, xxii.
209 ff. The sinking scale means death.
349
'<.-
VIRGIL
dissiluit ; fulva resplendent fr^gmina harena.
e^^o amens div^rsa fuga petit aequora Tumus
et nunc hue, inde hue incertjos implicat orbis ;
undique enim densa Teucri inclusere corona
atque hinc vasta'ff^RfflJJfeinc ardua moenia cingunt. 745
.^. Nee minus Aeneas^ ^amquam tardata sagitta
interdum genuiT impediunt cursumque recusant^
insequitur trepidique pedem pede fervidus urget;
inclusum veluti s| quando flumine nactus
eervum aut^uniceae saeptum formidine pinnae 750
yenat(5F^ursu canis et latratibus instat :
r^^t^Jjle autemj insidiis et ripa territus alta,
^ "Imille fugit refugitque vias ; at vividus Umber
haeret hians^ iam iamque tenet similisque tenenti
increpuit malis morsuq^e elusu^^ani est. 755
tum vero exoritur clamor, ripaeque lacusque
responsant circa et caelum tonat omne tuipultu.
ille simul fugiens Rutulos simul ^Stf^repaf &nnis,
nomine quemque vocans, notumque efflagitat
ensem. mp
Aeneas mortem contra praesensque minatur 760
i^xitiuili; si quisquam adeat, terretque trementis,
excisurum urbem minitans, et saucius instat.
quinque orbis explent cursu totidemque retexunt
hue illuc ; neque enim levia aut ludicra petuntur
praemia, sed Tumi de vita et sanguine certant. 765
Forte sacer Fauno foliis oleaster amans
hie steterat, nautis olim venerabile lignum,
servati ex undis ubi figere dona solebant
Laurenti divo et votas suspendere vestis ;
sed stirpem Teucri nuUo discrimine sacrum 770
'*^ resplendet fragmen M^H.
'** densa Teucri PE, Serviiis : Teucri densa M.
'*« tardante M^c*. "» ac M^h\
'64 tenens Mc,
350
AENEID BOOK XII
flew-^^fflnnHpr at the stroke ; the fragments glitter on
the j^S&d^and. So Turnus madly flees here and
« th^re over the plain, and now this way and now
*^^**mt cntiwinrs ^^^^t^circles ; for i^S^S^Smk the
Teucrians enclosed him Jncrowded ring, and here a
w9§te*teh, there steep i*ai5pftgfat engSnoue him.
"^^ Nor less, though at times his knees, retarded
by the arrow-woundj^mpede him and deny their
speed, does Aeneas ^^pS^ and hotly press, foot to
foot, upon his panting tSSTeLS when a hunter hound has
caught -a stag, pent in by a stream, or hedged about
/> by the terror of crimson feathers, and, running and
'^^ barking, presses him close ; the stag, in terror of
the snares and lofty bank, flees to and fro in a
thousand ways, but the keen Umbrian clings close
with jaws agape, and now, now grips, or, as though he
gripped, snaps his jaws, and baflled, bites on •Wigl»t«i^^ i
Then indeed upf i&esu fii'fe '■^3iA-'; banks and pools .£.
around make answer, and all heaven thunders with
the tumult. Turniis, even as he flees, even then
upbraids all the Rutulians, calling each by name,
and clamouring for the sword he knew. Aeneas In
turn threatens death and instant doom, should one
draw nigh, and affrights his trembling foes with
threats to raze the town, and though wounded
presses on. Five circles they cover at full speed,
and unweave as many this way and that ; for no
slight or sportive prize they seek, but for Turnus'
life and blood they strive.
7^^ Haply here had stood a bitter-leaved wild
olive, sacred to Faunus, a tree revered of old by
mariners, whereon, when saved from the waves,
they were wont to fasten their gifti^ to the^od of
Laurentum and hang up their * Votive Hraiment ; but
the Teucrians, heeding naught, had shorn the sacred
J
VIRGIL
sustulerant^ puro ut possent concurrere campo.
hie hasta Aeneae stabat^ hue impetus illam
detulerat^ fixam et lenta radiee tenebat.
incubuit voluitque manu eonvellere ferrum
Dardanides^ teloque sequi quern prendere eursu 775
non poterat. turn vero amens formidine Turnus
" Faune, preeor, miserere," inquit, "tuque optima
ferrum
Terra tene, colui vestros si semper honores,
quos contra Aeneadae bello fecere profanos."
dixit opemque dei non cassa in vota vocavit. 780
namque diu luctans lentoque in stirpe moratus
viribus haud uUis valuit discludere morsus
roboris Aeneas, dum nititiir acer et instat,
rursus in aurigae faciem mutata Metisci
procurrit fratrique ensem dea Daunia i^ddit. 785
quod Venus audaci nymphae indignata^Ticere
accessit telumque alta ab radiee revellit.
olli sublimes, armis animisque refecti,
hie gladio fidens, hie acer et arduus hasta,
adsistunt contra certamina Martis anheli. 790
lunonem interea rex omnipotentis Olympi
adloquitur, fulya pugnas de nube tuentem :
"i^uae iam finis erit, coniunx ? quid denique restat?
iiimge1:em Aenean scis ipsa et scire fateris
deberi caelo fatisque ad sidera tolli. 795
quid struis ? aut qua spe gelidis in nubibus haeres ?
"3 et omitted M^hK ab radiee M^P. "» ferro 7*.
'^* discurrere M'^y^: eonvellere a^c.
'®* conversa M^P. '®* animumque P^.
'®° certamine 6, knoum to Servhis.
352
J
AENEID BOOK XII
stem^ that in clear lists they might contend. Here
stood the spear of Aeneas ; hither its force had
borne it^ and was holding it fast in the tough root.
The Dardan stooped^ fain to pluck away the steel
perforce, and pursue with javelin him he could not
catch by speed of foot. Then indeed Turnus, frantic
with terror, cried : " Faunus, have pity, I pray, and
thou, most gracious Earth, hold fast the steel, if
ever I have reverenced your worship, which, in
other wise, Aeneas' sons have defiled by war." He
spoke, and to no fruitless vow did he invoke the
aid of heaven. For long though he wrestled and
lingered o'er the stubborn stem, by no strength
availed Aeneas to unlock the oaken bite. While
fiercely he tugs and strains, the Daunian goddess,^
changing once again into the form of charioteer
Metiscus, runs forward and restores the sword to
her brother. But Venus, ^"goth that such license
is granted the bold njrmph, cficw n%h, and plucked
the weapon from the deep root. At full height, in
. arms and heart renewed— one trusting to his sword,
one fiercely towering with his spear — breathless'^
both, they stand facing the War-god*s strife^
"^^ Meanwhile the king of almighty T)lympus
accosts Juno, as from a golden cloud she gazes on
the fray : ^^ What now shall be the end, O wife ?
What remains at the last? Thyself knowest, and
dost confess to know it, that Aeneas, as Hero of the
land, is claimed of heaven, and the Fates exalt him
to the stars. What plannest thou ? Or in what
hope lingerest thou in the chill clouds ? Was it
^ Jutuma.
' Benoiflt takes anheli with Afartia, the strife ** of breath-
less Mars," but for this bold expression no parallel can be
cited.
353
VOL. II. A. A
VIRGIL
mortalin decuit vioLipi' voinere divum r
aut ensem (quid enim sine te lutuma valeret ?)
ereptum reddi Turno et vim crescere A^ictis ? , ^
desine iam tandem precibusque inflecTCTe nostril^, 800
ne te tantus e^it tacitam dolor et mihi eurae
saepe tuo dijlci^istes ex ore recursent.
ventui6 ad supremum^t. terris agitare vel undis
Troi^nos potuisti^ infandum aceendere bellum^
deformare domum et luctu miscere hymenaeos : 805
• ulterius temptare veto." sic luppiter orsus;
sic dea submisso contra Saturnia voltu :
hc^^f Ista quidem^uia nota mihi tua)Wagne, voluntas,
luppiter, et Turnum et terras invita reliqui :
nee tu me aeria solam nunc^ede videres 8 1 0
/ digna indigna pati, sed flammis cincta sub ipsam
Itstarem aciem tralieremque inimica in proelia Teucros.
luturnam misero (fateor) succurrere fratri
suasi et pro vita maiora audere j^reSSavi/
non ut tela tamen, non ut contenderet arcum ; 815
adiuro Stygii caput implacabile fontis,
una superstitio superis quae reddita divis.
-- et nunc cedo equidem pugnasque exosa relinquo.
' '^ludft, nulla fati quod lege tenetur,
pro Latio obtestor, pro mai estate tuorum : 820
cum iam conubiis pacem felicibus, esto,
component, cum iam leges et foedera iungent,
ne vetus indigenas nomen mutare Latinos
neu Troas fieri iubeas Teucrosque vocari
®®^ ni P^: nee he. edit P^\ DiomedeSt Servius: edat
MP*y^bc. ««« recusent M^cK «»• relinquo P«.
®" ipsam M : ipsa P, and commonly, '^^ acie F,
8«* Teucros ve Py,
354
AENEID BOOK XII
well that by mortal's wound a god should be pro-
faned ? or that the lost sword — ^for without thee
what could Juturna avail ? — should be restored to
Tumus^ and the vanquished gain fresh force ? Cease
now^ I pray^ and bend to our entreaties^ that such
great grief may not consume thee in silence^ nor to
me may bitter cares so oft return from thy sweet lips.
The end is reached. To chase the Trojans over
land or wave^ to kindle monstrous war^ to mar a
home with mourning and blend bridals with woe —
this power hast thou had ; farther to attempt I
forbid ! " Thus Jupiter began : thus^ with downcast
look^ the goddess^ child of Saturn^ replied :
808 « Even because I knew, great Jove, that such
was thy pleasure, have I, though loth, left Tumus
and the earth ; else wouldst thou not see me now,
alone on my airy throne, enduring fair and foul ;
but girt in flame would I take my stand close to the
very ranks, and drag the Teucrians into deadly fray.
As for Juturna, I counselled her, I own, to succour
her hapless brother, and for his life's sake sanctioned
still greater deeds of daring, yet not to level the
arrow, not to bend the bow : I swear by the inexor-
able fountain-head of Styx, sole name of dread
ordained for gods above. And now I yield, yea,
yield, and quit the strife in loathing. This boon,
banned by no law of fate, for Latium's sake, for
thine own kin's greatness,^ I entreat from thee :
when anon with happy bridal rites — so be it I — ^they
plight peace, when anon they join in laws and
treaties, command not the native Latins to change
their ancient name, nor to become Trojans and be
^ Saturn, father of Jupiter, had once reigned in Latium,
and from him Latinus was descended, c/*. Aen. vii. 45-49.
355
A A 2
VIRG
aut vocem niuUre viros aut
sit Latium, siiit Albani per
sit Romans potens Itala viri
occidit, occideritque sinas c
Olli subridens liominum i
"es germana lovis Satumic
irarum taotos vol vis sub pe<
iverum age et inceptum frus1
do quod vis, et me victusqu
sermon em Ausonii patrium
utque est, nomen erit ; comi
subside nt Teucri. morem :
adiciam faciamque omnis ui
hinc genus Ausonio mixtum
supra homilies, supra ire de
nee gens una tuos aeque ce
adnuit bis luno et metitem
interea excedit caelo nuben
■His actis aliud genitor se
luturnamque parat fratris d
djcuntur geminae pestes co
quas et Tartaream Noxintt
, uno eodemque tulit panu, ]
J serpent um spiris ventosasqi
~fiae lovis ad sSfiMi saeviqu
ap^rent acuuntque metun]
si qul&am) letum horrificum
im^nnr, meritas aut bello t
harum unam celerem demi!
luppiter inque omen luturi
ilia volat celerique ad terra
S56 •" """'•'■
AENEID BOOK XII
called Teucrians^ nor to change their tongue and
alter their attire : let Latium be^ let Alban kings
endure through ages^ let be a Roman stocky strong
in Italian valour : fallen is Troy^ and fallen let her
be, together with her name ! "
^2« Smiling on her, the creator of men and things
replied : " True sister of Jove art thou, and Saturn's
other child, such waves of wrath surge deep within
thy breast ! But come, allay the rage thus vainly
stirred : I grant thy wish, and yield me, conquered
and content. Ausonia's sons shall keep their fathers*
speech and ways, and as it is, so shall be their name :
the Teucrians shall but sink down, merged in the
mass. Their sacred laws and rites will I add and
make all to be Latins of one tongue. Hence shall
arise a race, blended with Ausonian blood, which
thou shalt see o'erpass men, o'erpass gods in godli-
ness, nor shall any nation with equal zeal celebrate
thy worship." Juno assented thereto, and joyfully
changed her purpose; meanwhile she passes from
heaven, and quits the cloud.
**' This done, the Father revolves another purpose
in his heart, and prepares to withdraw Juturna from
her brother's side. Men tell of twin fiends, the
Dread Ones named, whom with hellish Megaera
untimely Night bore in one and the same birth,
wreathing them alike with snaky coils and clothing
them with wings of wind. These attend by the
throne of Jove, and on the threshold of the grim
monarch, and whet the fears of feeble mortals,
whene'er heaven's king deals diseases and awful
death, or affrights guilty towns with war. One of
these Jove sent swiftly down from high heaven, and
bade her meet Juturna as a sign. She wings her
way, and darts to earth in swift whirlwind. Even
VIRGIL
non sectis ac nervojier nubem impulsa sagitta^
ar^atai^saevi Parthus^tjnam felle veneni,
Parthus sive Cjdon^ telum immedicabile, torsit^
•stridens et celeris inco£^nita transilit umbras :
talis se^sata Nocte tulit terrasque petivit. 860
^ostquam acies videt Iliacas atque agmina Turnip
alitis in parvae subitara^ollecta figuram^
quae quondam in bustis aut culminibus desertis
nocte sedens si?&m canit importjma per umbras;
banc versa in faciem Tumi se pestis ob ora 865
•fertque refertque sonans clipeumque everberat alis.
illi membra novus solvit formidine torpor,
arrectaeque horrore co^ijgetvox faucibus baesit.
At, procul ut Dirae stnoorem adgnovit et alas,
infelix crinis scindit lutuma solutos, 870
unguit)us ora soror foedans et pectora pugnis :
"quid nunc te ttiaTTurne, potestg^rmana iuvare ?
aut quid iam durae sup^ral mihi ? qua tibi lucem
arte morer ? talinepossum me opponere monstro ?
iam iam linquo acies. ne me terrete timentem, 875
obscenae volucres : alarum verbera nosco
letalemque sonum, nee fallunt iussa superba
magnanimi lovis. haec pro virginitate reponit ?
• quo vitam dedit aeternam ? cur mortis adempta est
condicio ? possem tantos finire dolores 880
nunc certe, et misero fratri comes ire per umbras I
immortalis ego? aut qtficquam mihi dulce meorum
te sine, frater, erit ? o quae sadS^na dehiscat
*" subito PyK con versa M : coniecto P: coniccta 7*.
8«8 in] inob M^: ad Py : in M\
*'* scindit crinis M. *'* possim E,
"• quam PyK ima] iam P^: alta c.
358
■
AENEID BOOK XII
as an arrow^ shot iirom string through a cloudy
which, aimed with gra of fell poison^ a Parthian —
a Parthian or a Cydonian — ^has launched, a shaft be-
yond all cure ; whizzing, it leaps through the swift
shadows, known of none : so sped the child of
Ni£:ht, and soufi^ht the earth. Soon as she sees the
luL ;^ks and Tumus- troops, suddenly shrinking
to the shape of that small bird which oft, perched
at night on tombs or deserted roofs, chants her late,
ill-omened lay amid the shadows, so changed in form
before the face of Tumus the fiend flits screaming
to and fro, and wildly beats his buckler with her
wings. A strange numbness unknits his limbs with
dread ; his hair stood up in terror and the voice
clave to his throat.
^•^ But when from afar Juturna knew the Dread
One's whizzing wings, she rends, hapless one, her
loosened tresses, marring, in sisterly grief, her face
with nails and her breast with clenched hands :
'* What now, my Tumus, can thy sister avail thee ?
Or what more awaits me, that have endured so much }
With whatart may I prolong thy day ? Can 1 face
such a porfgKt.? Now, now I quit the field. Affright
not my fluttering soul, ye ill-boding birds ! I know
your beating wings, and the^rdreadful sound, nor fail
I to mark the haughty mon^ites of high-hearted
Jove. Is this his requital for my maidenhood ?
Wherefore gave he-me life eternal? Why of the
law of death am I pereave3l!r Now surely could I
end such anguish, and pass at my poor brother s
side amid the shadows ! I immortal ! Nay, will
aught of mine be sweet to me without thee, my
brother ? O what deepest earth can gape enough
359
VIRGIL '
imos? "
terra mihi Manisque deam dcmittat ad ii
tan turn effata caput glauco contexit amictu, 885
multa gemens^ et se fluvio dea condidit alto.
Aeneas instat contra telumque coruscat
ingens arboreum et saevo sic pectore fatur :
"quae nunc deinde mora est? aut quid iam, Turne,
j retractas ?
( non cursu^ saevis certandum est comminus armis. 890
verte omnis tete in facies et contrahe, quidquid
sive animis sive arte vales ; opta ardua pinnis
astra sequi clausumque cava te ciWldere terra."
ille caput quassans " non me tua fervida terrent
dicta^ ferox : di me terrent et luppiter hostis." 895
nee plura effatus saxum circumspicit ingens^
saxum antiquum^ ingens^ campo quod forte iacebat^
limes agro positus^ litem ut discemeret arvis ;
vix illud lectijfftis sex cervice subirent,
qualia nunc hominum producit corpora tellus : 900
ille manu raptum trepida torquebat in hostem^
altior insurgens et cursu concitus heros. -
sed neque currentem se nee cognoscit euntem"
tollentemve manus saxumve immane moventem ;
genua laoaht^ gelidus concrevit frigore sanguis. 905
tum lapis ipse viri^ vacuum per inane volutus^
nee spatium evasit totum neque pertulit ictum.
ac velut in somnis^ oculos ubi languida pressit
nocte quies^ nequiquam avidos extendere cursus
velle videmur et in mediis conatibus ae^ 910
stPcciamius ; non lingua valet^ non corpore notae
sufficiunt vires, nee vox aut verba sequuntur :
sic Turno, quacumque viam virtute petivit,
«" deraittit P\
••• clausumque MRy : clausumve inferior MSS.
«»» ilium Mb,
*°* tollentemque My\ manu ^7". saxumque yc.
af*f. •" quamcuraque P\
r
AENEID BOOK XII
for me, and send me down, a goddess, to the nether-
most shades?" So saying, she veiled her head in
mantle of grey and with many a moan plunged into
the deep river.
®^^ Aeneas presses on against the foe, brandishing ^
his massy, tree-like spear, and, in wrathful spJrftT^
thus cries : ^' What more delay is there now ? or
why, Tumus, dost thou yet draw back ? Not with
swift foot, but h«md tg hand in figrce arms, must we
contend. Change- iliyse)!' iiko-ttft shf^s, 3^^%3usl!S?
all thy powersjof. courage or of skill ; wing thy_flighfc^
if thou wilt, ^o the stars aloft) or hide thee within
earth's hollow prison ! " The other, shaking his
head : '^Thy fiery words, fierce one, daunt me not ;
'tis the gods daunt me, and tlje ^niily of Jove."
No more he speaks, then glancing round, espies a
giant stone, a giant stone and ancient, which haplK.
lay upon the plain^^-Mj ^^.* landmark, to warcP
dispute fronitne^iifilms. This scarce twice six chosen
men could uplift upon their shoulders, men of such
frames as earthy now begets; but the hero, with
nG^ecr^rasp^ seized and hurled it at his fo^e, rising
to his height and at swiftest speed. But he knows
not miiiself as he runs, nor as he moves, as he raises
his hands, or throws the mighty stone ; his knees
totter, his blood is frozen cold. Yea, the hero's
stone itself, whirled through the empty void, trav-
ersed not all the space, nor carried home its blow.
And as in dreams of night, when languorous sleep
has weighed down our eyes, we seem to strive vainly
to press on our eager course, and in mid effort sink
helpless : our tongue lacks power, our wonted strength
fails our limbs, nor voice nor words ensue : so to
Tumus, howsoe'er by valour he sought to win his
361
VIRGIL
successum dea dira negat. turn pectore sensus
vertuntur varii ; Rutulos aspectat et urbem 915
cunctaturque metu telumque instare tremescit,
nee quo se eripiat, nee qua vi tendat in hostem,
nee eurnjs usquam videt aurigamve sororem.
^*Uiinctam;i t^lum Aeneas fatale coruscat,
sortftuSf fortunam oculis^ et corpore toto 920
eminus intorque$»..--'muraIi conma numquam
tormento^sicsaxa fremunt, nee fulmine tanti
dhsultant crepitus, volat atri turbinis instiB^ ^
exilium dir&n hasta ferens "^o^fe^ue recludit
loricae et clipei extremes septemplicis orbis. 925
per medium stridens transit femur, incidit ictus
4ngens ad terram duplicato poplite Turnus.
consurgunt gemitu Rutuli totusque remugit
mons circum et vocem late nemora alta remittunt.
ille humilis supplexque oculos dextramque pre-
cantem 930
protendens "equidem merui, nee deprecor," inquit:
" utere sorte tua. miseri te si qua parentis
tangere cura potest, oro (fuit et tibi talis
Anchises genitor), Dauni miserere senectae
et me, seu corpus spoliatum lumine mavis, 935
redde meis. vicisti et victum tendere palmas
Ausonii videre ; tua est Lavinia coniunx :
ulterius ne tende odiis." stetit acer in armis
Aeneas, volvens oculos. dextramque repressit ; mp
et iam iamque magis cmtciajitenf'flectere sermo 9^0
coeperat, infelix umero cum apparuit alto
balteus et notis fnlserunt cingula bullis
^^* letiimque P. ®*^ -ve] -que Hy,
"* tanto P. "» supplex oculos Pi2>».
362
AENEID BOOK XII
way, the dread goddess denies fulfilment. Then
through his soul shifting fancies whirl ; he gazes on
his Rutulians and the town, he falters in fear, and
trembles at the threatening lance ; neither sees he
whither he may escape, nor with what force bear
against the foe ; nor anywhere is his car, nor his
sister, the charioteer.
^^^ As he wavers, Aeneas brandishes the fateful
spear, seeking with his eyes the happy chance-, then
hurls it from far with all his strength. Never stone
shot from engine of-n^e roars so loud, never crash
so great bursts from thunderbolt. Like black whirl-
wind on flies the spear,, bearing fell destruction, and
pierces the corslet's rim and the sevenfold shield's
utmost circle : whizzing it passes right through the
thigh. Under the blow, with knee beneath him
bent down to earth, huge Turnus sank. Up spring
with a groan the Rutulians all ; the whole hill re-
echoes rdund about, and far and near the wooded
steeps send back the sound. He, in lowly sup-
pliance, uplifting eyes and pleading hands : " Yea,
I have earned it," he cries, "and I ask not mercy ;
use thou thy chance. If any thought of a parent's
grief can touch thee, I pray thee — in Anchises thou,
too, hadst such a father — pity Daunus* old age, and
give back me, or, if so thou please, my lifeless body,
to my kin. Victor thou art; and as vanquished,
have the Ausonians seen me stretch forth my
hands : Lavinia is thine for wife ; press not thy
hatred further."
^^ Fierce in his arms, Aeneas stood with rolling
eyes, and stayed his hand ; and now more and more,
as he paused, these words began to sway him,
when lo ! high on the shoulder was seen the luck-
less baldric, and there flashed the belt with its well-
363
VIRGIL
Pallantis pueri, victum quem volnere Turnus
straverat atque umeris inimicum insigne gerebat.
ille, oculis postquam saevi monumenta doloris 9^5
exuviasque hausit^ furiis accensus et ira
terribilis : ^^ tune hinc spoliis indute meorum
eripiare mihi ? Pallas te hoc volnere, Pallas
immolat et poenam scelerato ex sanguine sumit/'
hoc dicens ferrum adverso sub pectore condit 950
fervidus. ast illi solvuntur frigore membra
vitaque cum gemitu fugit indignata sub umbras.
»" c/. XI. 831.
364
AENEID BOOK Xll
known studs — belt of young Pallas^ whom Tumus
had smitten and stretched vanquished on earthy and
now wore on his shoulders his foeman*s fatal badge. ^
The other, soon as his eyes drank in the trophy,
that memorial of cruel grief, fired with fury and
terrible in his wrath : " Art thou, thou clad in my
loved one's spoils, to be snatched hence from my
hands? 'Tis Pallas, Pallas who with this stroke
sacrifices thee, and takes atonement of thy guilty
blood ! " So saying, full in his breast he buries the
sword with fiery zeal. But the other's limbs grew
slack and chill, and with a moan life passed indignant
to the Shades below.
^ cf. Aen. X. 496 ff. There seems to be a double meaning
in inimicum.
$65
i
THE MINOR POEMS
I
THE MINOR POEMS
/■
CULEX*
LusiMus^ Octavi^ gracili modulante Thalia
atque ut araneoli tenuem formavimus orsum.
lusimus : haec propter Culicis sint carmina dicta^
omnis ut historiae per ludum consonet ordo
notitiae. doctrina^ vaces^ licet : invidus absit. 5
quisquis erit eulpare iocos Musamque paratus^
l>ondere vel Culicis levior famaque feretur.
posterius graviore sono tibi Msisa loquetur
nostra^ dabunt cum secures mihi tempora fructus^
ut tibi digna tuo poliantur carmina sensu. 10
• dicta V : docta n. * ut It,: et.
' notitiaeqne ducum voces ft, Lto^ Vollmer : ductum Vol,
1586 ; notitiae, doctumque voces Ellis. The readings and
interpretation adopted are Phillimore^s, hut must be regarded
as merely an approximation to the original verse, which
cannot he recovered.
' feratur Scaliger, *" digna tiio Bemho : dignato n.
* The principal MSS. containing the Cvlex, as given by
Vollmer, are the following : —
S = fragmentum Stabulense, Paris, 17177, of the 10th
century.
F = Fiechtianus, or Mellicensis (designated as M by Ellis),
of the 10th century.
G = Cantabrigiensis, Kk. v. 34, of the 10th century.
V — Vaticanus 2769, of the 13th century.
r = Corsinianus 43 F 5, of the 14th century.
L = A group of MSS. of the so-called ludus iuvenalis
of Virgil, designated as W, B, E, A, T, from the
9th to the 11th century.
370
CULEX
We have trifled, O Octavius/ while a slender Muse
marked the measure, and lo ! like tiny spiders, have
fashioned our thin-spun task. We have trifled : to
this end let our Gnat's song be sung, that in sportive
mood throughout its course our argument may har-
monize with epic story. A truce to thee, O Art ; let
Envy begone ! Whoso is ready to blame our jests
and Muse, shall be deemed lighter than even our
Gnat in weight and name. Hereafter shall our Muse
speak to thee in deeper tones, when the seasons
yield me their fruits in peace, that so thou mayest
find her verses polished, and worthy of thy taste.
^ The later Augustus, who is still a puer (vv. 26, 37) when
thus addressed. The young Octavius assumed the toga
inrilis in his fifteenth year, in 48 B.C., before which event
this dedication, if genuine, must have been written. Sue-
tonius asserts that the Ctdex was composed in the poet's
sixteenth year (54 b.o.) ; the dedication, however, may have
been inserted later.
Exc. = selections, in certain MSS. of the 12th to 14th cen-
turies, found in an anthology of the 11th century.
As a group, the above-named MSS. are designated as n.
To these Ellis adds some MSS., e.y. b = Mus. Brit. Add.
16562, written in 1400, and Vat(icanus) 1586, of the 14th or
15th century. Occasional references must be made to late
MSS. which were emended by Italian scholars of the Re-
naissance. As a group, these are designated as It, The
most notable among them is the Helmstadiensis 332, of the
15th century, designated as /T.
371
u B 2
VIRGIL
Latonae magnique lovis decus^ aurea proles^
Phoebus erit nostri princeps et carminis auctor
et recinente lyra fautor^ sive educat ilium
Arna Chimaereo Xanthi perfusa liquore^
seu decus Asteriae seu qua Pamasia rupes 1 5
hinc atque hinc patula praepandit cornua fronte,
Castaliaeque sonans liquido pede labitur unda.
quare, Pierii laticis decus, ite, sorores
Naides, et celebrate deum ludente chorea,
et tu, sancta Pales, ad quam ventura recurrunt 20
agrestum bona fetura — ^sit cura tenentis
aerios nemorum cultus silvasque virentis :
te cultrice vagus saltus feror inter et antra.
£t tu, cui meritis oritur fiducia chartis,
Octavi venerande, meis adlabere coeptis, 25
sancte puer : tibi namque canit non pagina bellum
triste lovis ponitque
Phlegra, Giganteo sparsa est quae sanguine tell us,
nee Centaureos Lapithas compellit in ensis,
urit Erichthonias Oriens non ignibus arces ; 30
non perfossus Athos nee magno vincula ponto
iacta meo quaerent iam sera volumine famam,
non Hellespontus pedibus pulsatus equorum,
Graecia cum timuit venientis undique Persas :
*• plaudente BembOy Ellis,
-^ ventura] tutela PhUlimore. recurrit Cl.
21 agrestum bona secura FCL : ag. bona sis : tecum Philli'
more, ** chartis] tantis PhUlimore.
'^ <acie8 quibus horruit olim> conjectured by Buchder,
* i.e. Delos.
^ Far below the real summit of Parnassus, the rocky cliffs
that tower above Delphi present two peaks, between which,
in a deep chasm, flows the Castalian stream. ' The Muses.
372
CULEX
^^ The glory of Latona and mighty Jove, their
golden offspring, even Phoebus, shall be the fount
and source of our song, and he with resounding
harp shall inspire, whether Arna nurture him — Arna,
steeped in the Chimaera's stream of Xanthus — or the
glory of Asteria,^ or that land where Parnassus'
ridge, with broad brow, spreads his horns this way
and that, and Castalia's singing waves glide in their
watery course.^ Wherefore, come, ye sister Naiads,^
glory of the Pierian spring, and throng about the
god in sportive dance. Thou too, holy Pales, to
whom, as they appear, the blessings of husbandmen
return with increase, be thine the care of him who
keeps the lofty forest-homes and woodlands green ;
whilst thou dost tend them, freely I roam among the
glades and caves.
24 Thou also, O Octavius revered,* who by the
writings thou hast earned winnest confidence, gra-
ciously attend my venture, O holy youth .' For thee,
indeed, my page sings not Jove's gloomy war,^ nor
plants the lines wherewith Phlegra once bristled, the
land that was sprinkled with the Giants' blood, nor
drives the Lapiths upon the Centaurs* swords ; the
East bums not the Erichthonian towers ^ with flames :
'tis not the piercing of Athos, not the casting of
fetters upon the mighty deep, not the Hellespont,
smitten with horses' hooves, what time Greece feared
the Persians, as they streamed from every side, that
at this late hour shall, through my book, seek fame :
* The epithets venerande and aanctus are sugsested by the
youth and innocence of the boy, " who wore the same toga
as priests and magistrates " (Professor Warde Fowler)*
^ Th^ battle between Jupiter and the Giants, fought in
Phlegra.
* i.e. Athens, burnt by the Persians, of which Erichthonius
was one of the early kings ; c/. Oeorgics, ni. 113.
373
VIRGIL
mollia sed tenui pede currere carmina, versu 35
viribus apta suis Phoebo duce ludere gaudet.
hoc tibi, sancte puer : memorabilis et tibi certet
gloria perpetuum lucens^ mansura per aevum^
et tibi sede pia maneat locus^ et tibi sospes
debita felicis memoretur vita per annos^ 40
grata bonis lucens. sed nos ad coepta feramur.
Igneus aetherias iam Sol penetrarat in arces,
candidaque aurato quatiebat lumina eurru^
crinibus et roseis tenebras Aurora fugarat :
propulit e stabulis ad pabula laeta capellas 45
pastor et excelsi montis iuga summa petivit^
lurida qua patulos velabant gramina collis.
iam silvis dumisque vagae^ iam vallibus abdunt
corpora, iamque omni celeres e parte vagantes
tondebant tenero viridantia gramina morsu. 50
scrupea desertis errabant ad cava ripis
pendula proiectis carpuntur et arbuta ramis
densaque virgultis avide labrusca petuntur ;
haec suspensa rapit carpente cacumina morsu
vel salicis lentae vel quae nova nascitur alnus, 55
haec teneras fruticum sentis rimatur, at ilia
imminet in rivi, praestantis imaginis, undam.
O bona pastoris (si quis non pauperis usum
mente prius docta fastidiat et probet illis
somnia luxuriae spretis), incognita curis, 60
quae lacerant avidas inimico pectore mentes !
3« apta] acta Ellist after a Paris MS., 8207.
*o numeretur SUlig.
*« penetrabat, Leo, VoUmer, ** laeta] nota Thilo.
*' rorida Haupt : florida Jacoha, Ellis.
5® tenerae . . . myrtus PhUlimore,
^^ desertas (-is) herebant A. ripis Ellis : rupes or rupis n.
B^ prostantis imaginis umbram Ellis.
^^ somnia Haupt, Ellis : otia Phillimore : omnia ft. spretis
V : pretiis. •* inim. p.] nimia cuppedine Ellis,
374
CULEX
but 'tis her joy that her gentle songs run with slender
foot, and sport, under Phoebus' guidance, as befits
her strength. This she sings for thee, holy youth ;
for thee also may ennobling fame be zealous, shining
for all time, and abiding throughout the ages; for
thee also may a place be stablished in the blest abode,
and as thy due may there be recorded a life pre-
served through happy years, shining for the joy of
the good ! But let me pass to my emprise.
*2 The fiery sun had now made his way unto
heaven's heights,^ and from gilded car was scattering
his gleaming rays, and Dawn with roseate locks had
routed darkness, when a shepherd drove forth his
goats from their folds to the joyous pastures, and
sought a lofty mountain's highest ridges, where pale
grasses clothed the spreading slopes. As they roam,
they hide themselves now in the woods and thickets,
now in the vales, and now, wandering swiftly to and
fro, they cropped the rich grasses with nibbling bite.
Leaving the banks, they strayed toward rocky hol-
lows, the o'erhanging arbute trees are shorn of their
outstretching branches and the wild vines' thick
shoots are greedily assailed. One, poised aloft,
snatches with eager bite the tips, it may be of the
pliant willow, or of fresh growing alder ; this gropes
amid the thickets' tender briars, while that hangs
over the water of the stream, its wondrous mirror.
^® O the blessings of the shepherd ^ — if one
would not, with mind already schooled, disdain
the poor man's ways, and in scorn of them give
approval to dreams of wealth — blessings those
cares know not, that rend greedy hearts within
* i.e. from the lower world. The time ia early morn, not
midday.
* cf. OeorgicSy ii. 458 ff.
o 1 0
i
VIRGIL
si non Assyrio fuerint bis lauta colore
Attalicis opibus data vellera^ si nitor auri
sub laqueare domus animum non tangit avarum
picturaeque decus^ lapidum nee fulgor in ulla 65
cognitus utilitate manet^ nee poeula gratum
Alconis referunt Boethique toreuma nee Indi
conchea baea maris pretio est : at pectore puro
saepe super tenero prosternit gramine corpus,
florida cum tellus, gemmantis picta per herba^ 70
vere notat dulci distincta coloribus arva ;
atque ilium, calamo laetum recinente palustri
otiaque invidia degentem et fraude remota
pollentemque sibi, viridi iam palmite lucens
Tmolia pampineo subter coma velat amictu. 75
illi sunt gratae rorantes lacte capellae
et nemus et fecunda Pales et vallibus intus
semper opaca novis manantia fontibus antra.
Quis magis optato queat esse beatior aevo,
quam qui mente procul pura sensuque probando 80
non avidas agnovit opes nee tristia bella
nee funesta timet validae certamina classis
nee, spoliis dum sancta deum fulgentibus ornet
templa vel evectus finem transcendat habendi,
adversum saevis ultro caput hostibus ofFert? 85
illi falce deus colitur, non arte politus,
ille colit lucos, illi Panchaia tura
fioribus agrestes herbae variantibus addunt ;
•• fuerint] feriunt PhUlimore : fervent BUis.
*^ tangit W : angit Exc, EUis : anget Buchder.
•• gratum] Qrainm ffeinsius,
•' referent CVT. Boethi] Rhoeci Lachmann,
'* dulci Exc, H : dnlcis fl ; dubiis V*.
^* addunt r, Ellis : adsunt A.
376
CULEX
warring breasts ! What though fleeces^ twice dipped
in Assyrian dye^ be not bought for wealth of Attalus^
though gleam of gold beneath the fretted ceiling
of a house^ and brilliancy of paintings move not a
greedy soul^ though flashing gems be never deemed
to have aught of worthy though goblets of Alcon
and reliefs of Boethus bring no joy^^ and the Indian
Ocean's pearls be of no esteem ; yet, with heart free
from guile, upon the soft sward he oft outstretches
his frame, while blossoming earth, painted with
jewelled grasses, in sweet spring marks the fields,
picked out with varied hues ; and lo ! as he delights
in the mere's resounding reeds, and takes his ease
apart from envy and deceit, and is strong in his own
strength, the leafage of Tmolus and the sheen of
green boughs enwraps him beneath a cloak of vines.
His are pleasing goats that drip their milky dew, his
the woodland and fruitful Pales, and, deep within
the vales, shaded grottoes ever trickling with fresh
springs.
7® Who in a happier age could be more blest than
he who, dwelling afar, with pure soul and feelings
well tested knows not the greed of wealth, and fears
not grim wars or the fatal conflicts of a mighty fleet,
nor jetj if so he may but adorn the gods' holy
temples with gleaming spoils, or high uplifted may
surpass the limits of wealth, wilfully risks his life,
confronting savage foes ? He reverences a god
shaped by pruning-knife, not by artist's skill; he
reverences the groves ; for him the grasses of the
field, mottled with flowers, yield Panchaean incense ; *
^ An Alcon is mentioned in B. v. 11. Like Boethus, who
is referred to by Pliny {N.IT. xxxiii. 12, 56), be was pro-
bably a sculptor or engraver in metals.
- cf. Oeorgics, ii. 139.
S77
VIRGIL
illi dulcis adest requies et pura voluptas^
libera, simplicibus curis ; hue imminet, omnis 90
derigit hue sensus^ haec cura est subdita eordi,
quolibet ut requie vietu contentus abundet,
iucundoque liget languentia corpora somno.
o pecudes, o Panes et o gratissima Tempe
fontis Hamadryadum, quarum non divite cultu 9^
aemulus Ascraeo pastor sibi quisque poetae
securam placido tradueit pectore vitam !
Talibus in studiis baculo dum nixus apneas
pastor agit curas et dum non arte canora
compacta solitum modulatur harundine carmen, 100
tendit inevectus radios Hyperionis ardor,
lucidaque aetherio ponit discrimina mundo,
qua iacit Oceanum flammas in utrumque rapacis.
et iam compellente vagae pastore capellae
ima susurrantis repetebant ad vada lymphae, 105
quae subter viridem residebant caerula museum,
iam medias operum partis evectus erat Sol,
cum densas pastor pecudes cogebat in umbras,
ut procul aspexit luco residere virenti,
Delia diva, tuo, quo quondam victa furore 110
venit Nyctelium fugiens Cadmeis Agaue,
infandas scelerata manus e caede cruenta —
quae gelidis bacchata iugis requie vit in antro,
posterius poenam nati de morte datura,
hie etiam viridi ludentes Panes in herba 115
®* ut requiem victus GL.
*' liget V: licet n ; levet Exc. ^^ frondis Heinsius,
•• pastori quisque F, Ellis, poetae H : poeta n.
^®' solitum It : solidum fl.
^^* datura Aldine 1534: futuram CL: futurum rF.
378
CUI.EX
his are sweet repose and unsullied pleasure, free, '
with simple cares. This is his goal, toward this he
directs every sense; this is the thought lurking
within his heart, that, content with any fare, he
may be rich in repose, and in pleasant sleep may
enchain his weary frame. O flocks, O Pans, O vales
of Hamadryads, delightful in your springs, in whose
humble worship the shepherds, vying each for him-
self with the bard of Ascra,^ spend with tranquil
hearts a care-free life.
^^ Amid such joys, while leaning on his staff the
shepherd cons his sunny themes, and while, with
no artful melody, on his joined reeds he attunes
the wonted lay, burning Hyperion, mounting aloft,
extends his rays, and, parting midway heaven's
vault, there plants his light where into either Ocean
he flings his ravenous flames. And now, driven
/by the shepherd, the straying goats were wending
f back to the pools of whispering water, which settled
dark beneath the verdant moss. Now had the Sun
ridden o'er the mid portion of his course, when the
shepherd began to gather his flocks within the thick
shade. Then ^ from a distance he saw them settle
in thy green grove, O Delian goddess, whither once,
smitten with madness, came Gidmus* daughter.
Agave, flying from Nyctelius,^ her cursed hands
deflled with blood of slaughter — Agave, who once
had revelled on the cold heights, then rested in the
cave, doomed at later day for her son's death to pay
penance. Here, too. Pans sporting upon the green
* Hesiod ; cf. Eclogues, vi. 70 ; Oeorgics, n. 176.
^ The Latin sentence has no grammatical conclusion ;
"then" is a substitute for "when."
^ i.e. Bacchus. On recovering her senses, Agave conceived
a horror of Bacchus, the god whose rites she was celebrating
when she slew Pentheus.
379
VIRGIL
et Satyri Dryadesque chorus egere puellae
Naiadum coetu : tantum non Orpheus Hebrum
restantem tenuit ripis silvasque canendo,
quantum te, pernix, remorantur, diva, chorea
multa tuo laetae fundentes gaudia voltu, 120
ipsa loci natura domum, resonante susurro,
quis dabat et dulci fessas refovebat in umbra.
Nam primum prona surgebant valle patentes
aeriae platanus, inter quas impia lotos,
impia, quae socios Ithaci maerentis abegit, 1 25
hospita dum nimia tenuit dulcedine captos.
at quibus insigni curru proiectus equorum
ambustus Phaethon luctu mutaverat artus,
Heliades, teneris implexae bracchia truncis,
Candida fundebant tentis velamina ramis. 1 30
posterius, cui Demophoon aeterna reliquit
perfidiam lamentanti mala : perfide multis,
perfide, Demophoon, et nunc dicende puellis !
quam comitabantur, fatalia carmina, quercus,
quercus ante datae Cereris quam semina vitae : 135
illas Triptolemi mutavit sulcus aristis.
hie magnum Argoae navi decus edita pinus
proceros decorat silvas hirsuta per artus,
ac petit aeriis contingere montibus astra.
ii« choras (xopovs) V'L.
^^^ pernigre morantem n : pernice morantur Ellis.
"* platanus T: platani VWAT.
*** implexae Heinsiua : amplexae n.
"2 lamentanti Weber, Ellis : lamentandi MSS. perfide V^.-
perfida Xl.
^^* dicende Leo : deflende Scaliger : defende.
"' addita Tr, VoUmer.
^'" ac petit Heinsiua, Ellis : appetit ft. motibus SccUiger.
380
CULEX
grass^ and Satyrs^ and Dryad maids with the Naiad
throngs once trod their dances. Not so much did
Orpheus with his song stay Hebrus, lingering within
his banks^ or stay the woods^ as much as with their
dance they keep thee tarrying, O fleet goddess,
gladly shedding many joys upon thy countenance —
even they, to whom, of its very nature, the place
with its echoing whisper gave a home, refreshing
their weary forms in its sweet shade.
i2« For first, in the sloping vale, there arose spread-
ing planes, towering high, and among them the
wicked lotus — wicked for that she seduced the com-
rades of the sorrowing Ithacan, while she welcomed
and held them captive with undue charm.^ Then
they, whose limbs Phaethon, hurled forth in flames
from the resplendent .car of the Sun's steeds, had
through grief transformed, — the Heliads^^ their arms
entwining the slender stems — from outstretched
branches lavished their white veiling. Next came
she,^ to whom, lamenting his perfidy, Demophoon
left unending grief — ah 1 Demophoon, ^' perfidious "
called of many, even still worthy to be called of
maidens "perfidious" ! Oaks attended her, chanters
of the fates * — oaks once given for man's sustenance
before the grains of Ceres : these oaks the furrow of
Triptolcmus exchanged for ears of corn.^ Here the
great glory of the Argoan ship,^ the lofty pine,
shaggy in her stately limbs, adorns the woods, and
on the skyey mountains is fain to reach the stars.
^ cf. Homer, Odyssey, ix. 83 flF.
* i.e. Phaethon's sisters, who were turned into poplars.
' Phyllis, who at death was changed into an almond-tree.
She died of grief, supposing that Demophoon had deserted her.
* Referring to the oracle at Dodona ; cf. Oeorgics, i. 8 and
147 ff.
* cf, Oeorgics, i. 19. " cf. Eclogues, iv. 34 and 38.
381
Virgil
ilicis et nigrae species et fleta cupressus 140
umbrosaeque manent fagus hederaeque ligantes
bracehia^ A^temos plangat ne populus ictus^
ipsaeque escendunt ad summa cacumina lentae
pinguntque aureolos viridi pallore corymbos ;
quis aderat veteris mjrtus non nescia fati. 145
at volucres patulis residentes dulcia ramis
carmina per varios edunt resonantia cantus.
his suberat gelidis manans e fontibus unda^
quae levibus placidum rivis sonat acta liquorem ;
et quaqua geminas avium vox obstrepit auris, 150
hac querulae referunt voces^ quis nantia limo
corpora Ijmpha fovet ; sonitus alit aeris echo,
argutis et cuncta fremunt ardore cicadis.
at circa passim fessae cubuere capellae
excelsis subter dumis, quos leniter adflans 155
aura susurrantis poscit confundere venti.
Pastor, ut ad fontem densa requievit in umbra,
mitem concepit proiectus membra soporem,
anxius insidiis nullis, sed lentus in herbis
securo pressos somno mandaverat artus. l60
stratus humi dulcem capiebat corde quietem,
ni Fors incertos iussisset ducere casus,
nam solitum volvens ad tempus tractibus isdem
immanis vario maculatus corpore serpens,
mersus ut in limo magno subsideret aestu, l65
obvia vibranti carpens, gravis acre, lingua,
squamosos late torquebat motibus orbis :
"0 et fleta Ellis : et leta n. »" monent SUlig.
**' escendunt Heyne: accedunt T: excedunt VCL,
^** liquorum Haupt, Leo. **• quaqua Barth : quamquam.
*** subter Heyne : super : supra r.
^*' subsideret Bembo : sub sideris : Ellis thinks a verse has
been lost.
^•' montibus VrL.
382
CULEX
Still stand the shapely black ilex, the cypress of
grief, shadowy beeches, and ivies binding the poplar's
arms, lest, for her brother's sake,^ she smite herself
with blows : themselves, fast clinging, mount to the
very tops, and paint their golden clusters with pale
green. Hard by these was the mjrrtle, not unknow-
ing of her fate of old.^ The birds, the while, settling
on the spreading branches, sing songs resounding in
varied melodies. Beneath was water trickling from
cold springs, which, wending in fine rills, murmurs
in its peaceful current ; and where'er voice of birds
strikes upon twin ears, there in querulous tone re-
spond the frogs, whose bodies, afloat in the mire,
are nurtured by its moisture. The echoing air
swells the sounds, and amid the heat all nature is
humming with the shrill cicadas. Here and there,
round about, lay the weary goats beneath the lofty
thickets, which a breath of whispering wind, gently
blowing thither, essays to disturb.
^^^ Soon as by the spring amid the deep shade the
shepherd sought repose with limbs outstretched, he
fell u{)on a gentle sleep ; troubled by no treachery,
but lying at ease upon the grass, he had consigned
his overpowered frame to care-free slumber. Prone
upon the ground, he was enjoying to the full sweet
restfulness — had not Fortune bade him draw un-
certain lots !
163 For, gliding along at his wonted time in the
self-same course, a monstrous serpent, speckled and
mottled in body, with intent to plunge in the mire
and seek shelter from the exceeding heat, — noisome
of breathy and snatching with darting tongue at all
in his way — ^in far-circling movements was twisting
^ i.e. for Phaethon's sake.
* Myrsine, priestess of Venus, was changed into a myrtle.
883
^
VIRGIL
tollebant irae venientis ad omnia visus.
iam magis atque magis corpus revolubile volvens
attoUit nitidis pectus fulgoribus, effert 170
sublimi cervice caputs cui crista supeme
edita^ purpureo lucens maculatur amictu,
aspectuque micant flammarum lumina torvo.
metabat sese circum loca^ cum videt ingens
adversum recubare ducem gregis. acrior instat 1 75
lumina difiundens intendere et obvia torvus
saepius arripieiis infVingere^ quod sua quisquam
ad vada venisset. naturae comparat arma :
ardet mente^ furit stridoribus^ insonat ore^
flexibus eversis torquentur corporis orbes^ 1 80
manant sanguineae per tractus undique guttae^
spiritus erumpit fauces, cui cuncta parantur,
parvulus hunc prior umoris conterret alumnus,
et mortem vitare monet per acumina. namque
qua diducta genas pandebant lumina, gemmans 185
hac senioris erat naturae pupula telo
icta levi, cum prosiluit furibundus et ilium
obtritum Morti misit, cui dissitus omnis
spiritus excessit sensus. tum torva tenentem
lumina respexit serpentem comminus; inde 190
impiger, exanimis, vix compos mente refugit,
et validum dextra detraxit ab arbore truncum.
qui casus sociarit opem numenve deorum,
prodere sit dubium, valuit sed vincere talis
horrida squamosi volventia membra draconis, 195
^•® irae Leo : herbae Ribbeck : acies Volimer : aurae ft.
*'" effert Friesemann, Ellis: ecfert Bibbeck: ecce Leo:
et Be ft. ^'* ingens] aniens Phillimore.
*'• torvo ft : torua r. *'* computat r, Ellis.
^'* insonat T: intonat. ^^^ torquetur VCL.
^^* parantur ffousman : paranti.
IB* gemmans Schrader : gemmas r : gemmis ft.
^^* natura V: mature Bothe, Ellis. ^'^ exanimus.
384
CULEX
his scaly coils : as on he came^ he upraised his eyes in
anger to survey the whole scene. Now, rolling more
and more his writhing body, he uplifts his breast
with gleaming flashes ; on his towering neck he rears
his head, and his crest rises aloft; his purple coat
shines and sparkles, and his blazing eye gleams with
savage look. He was surve3ring the ground round
about, when, lying in his way, the monster espied
the guardian of the flock. More fiercely he rolls his
eyes and presses on in his course, and more often does
he seize and crush what lies in his path, infuriate
that any man had come to his waters. Nature's
weapons he makes ready : he rages in mind, he hisses
in wrath ; his mouth resounds ; his body's coils writhe
in upheaving curves ; all along his course trickle
drops of blood ; his breathing bursts his jaws.
^^2 Him, against whom all is preparing, a tiny
nursling of the damp affrights in time, and warns by
its sting to avoid death. For where the eyes were
parted and opened their lids, there the old man's
jewelled orb was smitten by the light dart Nature
had furnished. Thereat, full of rage, he leaped
forth, and crushed and slew the Gnat, whose breath,
all dispersed, quitted his senses. Then, near at
hand, as it fixed its fierce eyes upon him, he espied
the serpent ; and thereon with speed, dismayed and
wellnigh reft of wit, he fled aback, and with his
hand tore from a tree a sturdy bough. What chance
gave him aid, or what spirit divine, it were hard to
tell, but such as he was, he availed to worst the
scaly serpent's dreadful writhing limbs, and as it
385
VOL. II. C C
VIRGIL
atque reluctantis crebris foedeque petentis
ictibus ossa ferity cingunt qua tempora cristae.
et quod erat tardus somni languore remoti
nee senis aspiciens timor obcaecaverat artus^
hoc minus implicuit dira formidine mentem. 200
quern postquam vidit caesum languescere, sedit.
lam quatit et biiugis oriens Erebois equos Nox
et piger aurata procedit Vesper ab Oeta,
cum grege compulso pastor^ duplicantibus umbris^
vadit et in fessos requiem dare coraparat artus. 205
cuius ut intravit levior per corpora somnus
languidaque effuso requierunt membra sopore^
effigies ad eum Culicis devenit et illi
tristis ab eventu cecinit convicia mortis.
^' quis,*' inquit, " mentis ad quae delatus acerbas 210
cogor adire vices ? tua dum milii carior ipsa
vita fuit vita, rapior per inania ventis.
tu lentus refoves iucunda membra quiete,
ereptus taetris e cladibus ; at mea Manes
viscera Lethaeas cogunt transnare per undas; 215
praeda Charonis agor, vidi et flagrantia taedis
limina : conlucent infemis omnia templis.
obvia Tisiphone, serpentibus undique compta,
et flammas et saeva quatit mihi verbera. pone
Cerberus, et diris flagrant latratibus ora, . 220
anguibus hinc atque hinc horrent cui colla reflexis,
sanguineique micant ardorem luminis orbes.
198 remoti VoUmer: remote.
^•' nee senis Hertzherg: nescius n : nee priua Sillig.
M» implevit V\
210 quia inquit Heyne : quid inquit T: inquit quid.
*^* ventis] Averni Htinsnus.
"• vidi et T: vides (vidi) ut. •
»^' limina A T: lumina. **• et] en Bibheck, Vollmtr,
**i horrent H: arent XI. *** sanguineaque.
386
CULEX
struggles and assails in hideous wise^ he with fre-
quent strokes smites its bones^ where the crest
i&inges its temples ; and in that he was dulled with
the drowsiness of the sleep he had shaken off, and
fear at sight of his foe had not yet benumbed his
aged limbs J he did not so much confuse his mind
with direful terror ; but, soon as he saw the monster
languish in death, he sat him down.
202 Now Night, arising, was urging on her steeds
in the two-h(M^e car of Erebus,^ and slow Vesper
was advancing from golden Oeta,* when the shepherd,
his flock folded, wended his waj in the thickening
shadows, and prepared to give rest to his weary
frame. Soon as gentle sleep passed o'er his body,
and his listless limbs, steeped in slumber, sank to
rest, there descended upon him the spectre of the
Gnat, and sang him reproachful strains by reason of
his sad death : *^ What deserts are mine ^ " he cries,
*^and to what ills am I wafted, who am called to
face a bitter requital } While thy life was dearer
to me than life itself, I am swept by the winds
through empty space. Thou, at thine ease, in sweet
repose refreshest thy limbs, thou that wast snatched
from a hideous death ; but my remains the Shades
compel to pass o*er Lethe's waters ; as Charon's
spoil am I driven, and thresholds aflame with brands
have I beheld : in those regions below all is ablaze.
Tisiphone, her locks wreathed on every side with
serpents, besets the way and brandishes before me
fires and cruel scourges ; behind her is Cerberus, his
mouths inflamed with fearful barking, his necks
bristling with twisted snakes this way and that, and
his eyes flashing the fire of a blood-red light. Alas !
^ Night is sister and wife of Erebus.
2 cf. Eclogues, vin. 30.
387
c c 2
VIRGIL
hen, quid ab officio digressa est gratiay cum te
restitui superis leti iam limine ab ipso ?
praemia sunt pietatis ubi^ pietatis honores ? 225
in vanas abiere vices, et rure recessit
lustitiae prior iUa fides, instantia vidi
alterius, sine respectu mea fata relinquens
ad parilis agor eventus : fit poena merenti.
poena sit exitium ; modo sit tum grata voluntas, 230
exsistat par oflicium. feror avia carpens,
a via Cimmerios inter distantia lucos ;
quam circa tristes densentur in omnia poenae !
nam vinctus sedet immanis serpentibus Otos,
devinctum maestus procul aspiciens Ephialten, ^35
conati quondam cum sint rescindere mundum ;
et Tityos, Latona, tuae memor anxius irae
(implacabilis ira nimis) iacet alitis esca.
terreor, a, tantis insistere, terreor, umbris,
ad Stygias revocatus aquas ! vix ultimus amni 240
exstat, nectareas divum qui prodidit escas,
gutturis arenti revolutus in omnia sensu.
quid saxum procul adverso qui monte revolvit,
contempsisse dolor quem numina vincit.acerbans?
otia quaerentem frustra sinite ; ite puellae, 245
ite, quibus taedas accendit tristis Erinys :
!»• iui*e Br, *''' lustitia et Schroder.
•*• relinques ? Phillimore,
*^ agmina Jctcobs : ostia Ellis.
•»• rescindere V: inscendere fl.
•*T tuas . , . iras n {except V).
'*• ad . . . aquas commonly taken with what follows.
'** aoerbana Y: acerbas SL : -am r.
•*• sinite, ite Leo : siblite : sub lite r : sub lite ? quid illae
PhUHmwt. ■*• acoendi Ellis.
888
1
I
CULEX
why failed my kindness to win the service due,
when even from Death's very threshold^ I restored
thee to the living? Where is the guerdon of kind-
ness^ where kindness* due return ? Gone to an
empty requital, and that old-time faith in Justice
has passed from out the land.^ I saw the fate
which threatened another ; mine own I left without
regard, and now am driven to a doom like unto his :
punishment falls to the deserving. Let the punish-
ment be death ; only let there be a grateful heart,
let an equal service be rendered f
231 <( \ take my way o'er pathless regions — path-
less regions far away amid Cimmerian groves, and
about me throng the woeful penalties for all mis-
deeds. For, fast bound with serpents, monstrous
Otus sits, mournfully gazing at Ephialtes, enchained
hard by, for that once they essayed to tear down
heaven ^ ; and Tityus in distress, mindful, O Latona,
of thy wrath (too insatiate thy wrath !) is lying
there, meat for winged fowl.' I fear, ah ! I fear
me to press nigh such mighty shades, — I, called
back to the Stygian waters. With head scarce
rising above the stream, stands he who betrayed
the nectar-feasts of the gods,* turning in all direc-
tions with fever-stricken throat. What of him,
who rolls a stone up the mount afar, whom em-
bittering pain convicts of having scorned the gods ? *
Let me be, — ^me, vainly seeking repose ; go, ye
maidens,^ go ye, for whom gloomy Erinys ^ kindled
the torches : in guise of Hymen Erinys spake the
^ cf. Oeorgics, ii. 473 f. * c/. Aen. vi. 682.
' c/. Aen, VI. 695. * Tantalus.
* i.e, Sisyphus; cf, Georgics, in. 39.
• The Danaids ; cf. Aen, x. 497.
. ' cf. Aen, II. 337.
389
VIRGIL
<mont>ibus in se<getes, sic alter proicit ignes> 318a
tegminibus telisque super, <quis hostibus arma>
eriperet reditus, alter Volcania ferro 320
voliiera protectus depellere navibus instat.
" Hos erat Aeacides voltu laetatus honores,
Dardaniaeque alter fuso quod sanguine campis
Heetoreo victor lustravit corpore Troiam.
rursus acerba fremunt, Paris hunc quod letat, et huius
firma dolis Ithaci virtus quod concidit icta. 326
huic gerit aversos proles Laertia voltus,
et iam Strymonii Rhesi victorque Dolonis,
Pallade iam laetatur ovans, rursusque tremescit :
iam Ciconas iamque horret atrox Laestrygonas ipse,
ilium Scylla rapax, canibus succincta Molossis, 331
Aetnaeusque Cyclops, ilium Zanclaea Charybdis
pallentesque lacus et squalida Tartara terrent.
'^ Hie et Tantaleae generamen prolis Atrides
assidet, Argivum lumen, quo flamma regente 335
Doris Erichthonias prostravit funditus arces.
reddidit, heu. Grains poenas tibi, Troia, ruenti,
Hellespontiacis obiturus reddidit undis.
ilia vices hominum testata est copia quondam,
ne quisquam propriae Fortunae munere dives 340
iret inevectus caelum super : omne propinquo
frangitur invidiae telo decus. ibat in altum
'** hos Hawpt : hoc Xl : hie V, honore SccUiger.
'** firma Leo: alta SccUiger: arma
•*® lestrigone [last word lost) n : -es ipse V: -as ipse JRih-
hech. limen Ellin : litus Vollmer,
*'* Zanclea V: metuenda fl : et verida r.
887 Xroia ruenti Bembo : troia f urenti V8L : troias venti r.
396
CULEX
the mountains upon the corn-fields : so from above
the one hurls fires upon shields and darts^ that
thereby he may rob the foe of weapons of return ;
the other, guarding himself with his sword, presses
on to ward off from the ships the assaults of Vulcan.
322 « ^i these glories the son of Aeacus was glad
of countenance, and likewise the other, for that,
when the Dardan fields were drenched with blood,
he victoriously compassed Troy with the body of
Hector. Again, they chafe bitterly, for that Paris
slew the one, and the other's sturdy valour fell
stricken by the Ithacan s wiles. From him the seed
of Laertes ^ keeps his countenance averted ; and now,
as victor over Strymonian Rhesus and over Dolon,
and now, as triumphant over Pallas, rejoices, then
again trembles : he, the dreaded one, shudders, now
at the Cicones, and now at the Laestrygonians. Him
ravenous Scylla, girt with her Molossian hounds, and
the Cyclops of Aetna affright ; him Zanclaean Cha-
rybdis, and the dim lakes and foul Tartarus.
^^ " Here too beside him sits the son of Atreus,
offspring of the race of Tantalus, the light of Greece,
beneath whose rule Doric flame utterly laid low
the Erichthonian citadels. ^ The Greeks, alas ! paid
penance to thee, O Troy, for thy fall — paid it, when
doomed to death in the Hellespont's waves.'* That
force bore witness in its time to human vicissitudes,
lest anyone, enriched by his own Fortune's bounty,
should mount exalted above the heavens: all glory
is shattered by Envy's nigh-awaiting dart.^ The
^ UlysBes.
^ i.e. Troy, Erichthonius being son of Dardanus. Yet at
30, above, the same expression is used of Athens.
' Used for the whole Aegean. The Greeks were ship-
wrecked off Euboea.
* ** Envy" here is retribution or Nemesis.
397
VIRGIL
vis Argea petens patriam^ ditataque praeda
arcis Erichthoniae ; comes huic erat aura secunda
per placidum cursu pelagus ; Nereis ad undas 345
signa dabat^ sparsim fiexis super acta carinis :
cum seu caelesti fato seu sideris ortu
undique mutatur caeli nitor^ omnia ventis,
omnia turbinibus sunt anxia. iam maris unda
sideribus certat consurgere^ iamque superne 350
corripere et soles et sidera cuncta minatur
ac ruere in terras caeli fragor. hie modo laetans
copia nunc miseris circumdatur anxia fatis^
immoriturque super fluctus et saxa Capherei,
Euboicas aut per cautis Aegaeaque late 355
litora^ cum Phrygiae passim vaga praeda peremptae
omnis in aequoreo fluitat iam naufraga fluctu.
" Hie alii resident pariles virtutis honore
heroes^ mediisque siti sunt sedibus^ omnes^
omnes Roma decus magni quos suspicit orbis. 360
liic Fabii Deciique^ hie est et Horatia virtus^
hie et fama vetus^ numquam moritura^ Camilli^
Curtius et> mediis quem quondam sedibus urbis
devotum telis consumpsit gurges in unda,
Mucius et, prudens ardorem corpore passus, 365
cui cessit Lydi timefacta potentia regis,
hie Curius clarae socius virtutis et ille
'*' ab unda Paldam : ab undia Hoitaman.
*** sparsim flexis Ellis: passim flexis Hoitsman: parsim
fiexis r : pars inflexis A, commonly read.
'^* laetans Ellis : l(a)etum : letam r : laeta commonly read.
•*• peremptae JST, Bembo : -ta. •*' naufraga (-ge) luctu r V,
*'^ resident EUui : sident or sidunt.
"® suspicit Htinsiua : suscipit.
»•» mediis r V: medius SFCL.
"* telis Ell%8 : livens Houtman : pallens Lto : bellis A.
398
CULEX
Argive power was passing seaward, seeking its home-
land^ and fattened with spoils from the Erichthonian
citadel. A favourable breeze attended it in peaceful
course upon the deep ; a Nereid was giving signals
towards the main^ ridings now here and now there^
above the curved keels : when lo ! either by fate of
heaven^ or through some rising star^ on all sides the
sky*s brightness changes; all is troubled by blasts^
all by whirlwinds. Now the sea's waves strive to
mount to the stars^ and now aloft the crashing sky
threatens to seize all^ both suns and stars^ and dash
them to earth. Here the host — but lately joyous,
now afflicted — is beset by unhappy fates, and perishes
upon the floods and rocks of Caphereus, or along the
Euboean clifis and broad Aegean shores, while all
the prey from plundered Phrygia, drifting far and
near, tossed in wreckage upon the ocean waves.
358 <e Here abide others like unto them in valorous
repute, all heroes, settled in the midst of these
abodes, all whom Rome esteems as the glory of the
mighty world. Here are the Fabii and the Decii,
and here the brave Horatius ; here Camillus, whose
olden fame shall never die ; and Curtius, whom once
in the midst of the city's homes, willing victim of
javelins, the flood swallowed up in its waters ; ^ and
wise Mucins, who in his flesh endured the flames,
and to whom the might of the Lydian king yielded
in fear. 2 Here is Curius, allied to glorious valour,
^ A reference to the Lacus Curtius in the Roman Forum,
into which a youth named Curtius rode on his horse at full
speed, then disappeared.
* C. Mucins, when threatened with torture and death by
Porsenna (called Lydian because he was Etruscan), thrust
his right hand into the altar-flames and held it there until it
was consumed.
VIRGIL
Flaminius, devota dedit qui corpora flammae,
(iure igitur tales sedes^ pietatis honores),
Scipiadaeque duces^ quorum devota triumphis 370
moenia Romanis Libycae Karthaginis horrent.
" Illi laude sua vigeant : ego Ditis opacos
cogor adire lacus^ viduos, a, lumine Phoebi,
et vastum Phlegethonta pati^ quo^ maxime Minos,
eonscelerata pia discernis vineula sede. 375
ergo iam causam mortis^ iam dicere vitae
verberibus saevae cogunt sub iudice Poenae,
cum mihi tu sis causa mali^ nee conscius adsis ;
sed tolerabilibus curis haec immemor audis
et tamen ut vades^ dimittes omnia ventis. 380
digredior numquam rediturus : tu cole fontem
et viridis nemorum silvas et pascua laetus ;
et mea difTusas rapiantur dicta per auras/'
dixit et extrema tristis cum voce recessit.
Hunc ubi sollicitum dimisit inertia vitae^ 385
interius graviter regemcntem, nee tulit ultra
sensibus infusum Culicis de morte dolorem,
quantumcumque sibi vires tribuere seniles
(quis tamen infestum pugnans devicerat hostem)^
rivum propter aquae viridi sub fronde latentem 390
conformare locum capit impiger. hunc et in orbem
'•* Flam(m)iniu8 has perhaps supplanted Caecilius, read
by Loeiisis.
*^^ romanis VT: rapidis 8FCL: vepretis Haupt : sub
lappis Ellis.
*^* maxime NodeU : maxima. '^^ discernit.
'^* ergo quam . . . iam fl : iam . . . iam Heyne : quom . . .
tum Ellis.
•'• tolerabilius cures. Ellis, audis ? Ellis.
•®° et tamen ut vadis fl : et mane ut vades Useiier : ut
tamen audieris Ellis : et temere, ut vades, dimittes somnia
ventis Bvsche.
•®^ fontem r : fontes (is).
•®* Scaliger placed after 380. et n : at Heyne.
400
CULEX
and great Flaminius,^ who gave his body a victim to
the flame (justly then hath he such an abode^ piety's
reward) and those Scipio chiefs, doomed by whose
Roman triumphs the walls of Libyan Carthage are
become a desolation.
872 « Let them live in their renown: but I am
forced to pass to those shadowy pools of Dis, that
are, alas ! bereft of the light of Phoebus, and to
suffer waste Phlegethon, whereby, O mighty Minos,
thou partest the prison-house of the wicked from
the abode of the righteous! So before the judge
the cruel Fiends with scourges force me to plead
my cause, now of death, and now of life,^ though
thou art cause of my ill, and aidest not with thy
witness, but with lightly borne cares hearest these
my words, unmindful, and despite of all, when thou
goest thy way, thou wilt dismiss all to the winds. I
pass hence, never to return; do thou, rejoicing,
haunt the spring, and green forest-groves, and pas-
tures ; and for my words, let them be swept aside
by the random breezes ! " He spake, and with the
last accents sadly went his way.
386 Now when life's langour quitted that anxious
shepherd, from whose breast heavy sighs resounded,
and when no more could he brook the sorrow for the
Gnat's death that flooded his senses, then in so far
as his aged strength suffered him — wherewith, none
the less, he had fought and vanquished his fierce foe —
hard by the running stream that lurked beneath green
leafage, he busily begins to fashion a place, marking
^ If the reading is correct, this is some person unknown.
If **Caecilius'' should be read, the reference would be to
Caecilius Metellus, who once rescued the Palladium from the
barning temple of Vesta, and thereby lost his eyes.
' The issue is one of eternal weal or woe.
401
VOL. II. D D
VIRGIL
destinAt ac ferri capulum repetivit in usum^
gramineani viridi at foderet de caespite terrain.
iam meinor inceptam peragens sibi cara laborem
congestum cumulavit opus^ atque aggere multo 395
telluris tumulus formatum crevit in orbem.
quem circuni lapidem levi de mannore formans
consent ; assidnae curae memor. hie et acanthos
H rosa purpareum crescent pudibunda ruborem
et Tiolae <Nsme genus ; hie est et Spartica mjrtus 400
atque hyacinthos et hie Cilici crocus editus arvo,
Uuros item Phoebi surgens decus ; hie rhododaphne
liliaque et roris non avia cura marini
lieibaqae turis opes priscis imitata Sabina
chTTsantfaosque hederaeque nitor pallente corymbo^
fi boechus libyae regis memor. hie amarantus 406
bnmastusque virens et semper florida tinus.
non illinc Narcissus abest, cui gloria formae
\gat Cupidineo proprios exarsit in artus ;
et Quoscumque novant vernantia tempora flores, 410
^ hamulus super inseritur. turn fronte locatur
dmrium, taciU format quod littera voce :
«Mrve Culex, pecudum custos tibi tale merenti
ft^ officium vitae pro munere reddit."
•» TiibK«i»d* FCL : rubibunda B. ruborem r V: terrorem
*^ ^^'^''^''nW^' dccusnt sua parina V: urgens VolL
TOT*^ ^""^^^^TT,. *i^<. *" cui] qui Leo.
- • ^«^^* '^^ ** 4it fimat VrC : firma L,
CULEX
it in circular form^ and oil turning to service his
iron spade^ to dig up grassy sods from the green turf.
And now his mindful care^ pursuing the toil begun^
heaped up a towering work^ and with broad rampart
the earthy mound greiw into the circle he had traced.
Round about this^ mindful of constant care^ he sets
stones^ fashioned from polished marble.
^^^ Here are to grow acanthus and the blushing
rose with crimson bloom^ and violets of every kind.
Here are Spartan myrtle and hyacinth, and here
saffron, sprung from Cilician fields, and soaring laurel,
the glory of Phoebus. Here are oleander, and
lilies, and rosemary, tended in familiar haunts, and
the Sabine plant,^ which for men of old feigned rich
frankincense ; and marigold, and glistening ivy, with
pale clusters, and bocchus, mindful of Libya's king.^
Here are amaranth, blooming bumastus,^ and ever-
flowering laurustine. Yonder fails not the Narcissus,
whose noble beauty kindled with Love's flame for
his own* limbs; and what flowers soever the
spring seasons renew, with these the mound is strewn
above. Then upon its face is placed an epitaph,
which letters thus fashion with silent voice : " Little
Gnat, to thee, so well deserving, the guardian of the ,
flocks pays this service of death in return for the
boon of life."
^ The savin ) juniperu6 sahtna.
* This unknown plant was named from Bocchus, a king of
Mauretania, probably the father-in-law of Jugurtha, though
perhaps a later king of the same name.
' c/. OeorgicSy ii. 102.
* The youth Narcissus, falling in love with his own image,
as reflected in a fountain, pined away and was changed into
the flower that bears his name.
403
D 2
VIRGIL
destinat ac ferri capulum repetivit in asum^
gramineam viridi ut foderet de caespite terrain.
iam memor inceptum peragens sibi cara laborem
congestum cumulavit opus^ atque aggere multo 395
telluris tumulus formatum crevit in orbem.
quern circuni lapidem levi de mannore formans
consent ; assiduae curae memor. hie et acantlios
et rosa purpureum crescent pudibunda ruborem
et violae omne genus ; hie est et Spartica myrtus 400
atque hyacinthos et hie Cilici crocus editus arvo,
laurus item Phoebi surgens decus ; hie rhododaphne
liliaque et roris non avia cura marini
herbaque turis opes priscis imitata Sabina
chrysanthusque hederaeque nitor pallente corymbo^
et bocchus Libyae regis memor. hie amarantus 4^
bumastusque virens et semper florida tinus.
non illinc Narcissus abest, cui gloria formae
igne Cupidineo proprios exarsit in artus ;
et quoscumque novant vernantia tempora flores^ 410
his tumulus super inseritur. turn fronte locatur
elogium^ tacita format quod littera voce :
'' parve Culex, pecudum custos tibi tale merenti
funeris officium vitae pro munere reddit."
**• rubicunda FGL : rubibunda B. ruborem r V: terrorem
L : tenorem PUeent.
«M parthica V: pastlca r
*"* decus surgens n : decus ut sua pagina V: urgens Volt-
mer: ingens Hoxisman. *®* Sabinas V.
pinns n : tinus Salmdsi'us. *•* cui] qui Leo.
407
*" hicr. *" firmat VvC : firma L,
402
CULEX
it in circular form, and oft turning to service his
iron spade^ to dig up grassy sods from the green turf.
And now his mindful care, pursuing the toil begun,
heaped up a towering work, and with broad rampart
the earthy mound grew into the circle he had traced.
Round about this, mindful of constant care, he sets
stones, fashioned from polished marble.
^^^ Here are to grow acanthus and the blushing
rose with crimson bloom, and violets of every kind.
Here are Spartan myrtle and hyacinth, and here
saflron, sprung from Cilician fields, and soaring laurel,
the glory of Phoebus. Here are oleander, and
lilies, and rosemary, tended in familiar haunts, and
the Sabine plant,^ which for men of old feigned rich
frankincense ; and marigold, and glistening ivy, with
pale clusters, and bocchus, mindful of Libya's king.^
Here are amaranth, blo(»ning bumastus,^ and ever-
flowering laurustine. Yonder fails not the Narcissus,
whose noble beauty kindled with Love's flame for
his own* limbs; and what flowers soever the
spring seasons renew, with these the mound is strewn
above. Then upon its face is placed an epitaph,
which letters thus fashion with silent voice : " Little
Gnat, to thee, so well deserving, the guardian of the
flocks pays this service of death in return for tlie
boon of life."
^ The savin, juniperus sahina.
* This unknown plant was named from Bocchus, a king of
Mauretania, probably the father-in-law of Jugurtha, though
perhaps a later king of the same name.
' cf. Oeorgica, ii. 102.
* The youth Narcissus, falling in love with his own image,
as reflected in a fountain, pined away and was changed into
the flower that bears his name.
403
D D 2
VIRGIL
destinat ac ferri capulum repetivit in usum^
gramineam viridi ut foderet de caespite terrain.
iam memor inceptum peragens sibi cura laborem
congestum cumulavit opus^ atque aggere multo 39^
telluris tumulus formatum crevit in orbem.
quern cireuni lapidem' levi de marmore formans
consent ; assiduae curae memor. hie et acanthos
et rosa purpureum crescent pudibunda ruborem
et violae omne genus ; hie est et Spartica myrtus 400
atque hyacinthos et hie Cilici crocus editus arvo,
laurus item Phoebi surgens decus ; hie rhododaphne
liliaque et roris non avia cura marini
herbaque turis opes priscis imitata Sabina
chrysanthusque hederaeque nitor pallente corjonbo^
et bocchus Libyae regis memor. hie amarantus 4()()
bumastusque virens et semper florida tinus.
non illinc Narcissus abest, cui gloria formae
igne Cupidineo proprios exarsit in artus ;
et quoscumque novant vernantia tempora flores, 410
his tumulus super inseritur. tum fronte locatur
elogium, tacita format quod littera voce :
" parve Culex, pecudum custos tibi tale merenti
funeris officium vitae pro munere reddit."
899 rubicunda FCL : rubibunda B. ruborem T V: terrorem
L : tenorem PUeent.
too parthica V: pastica r
4M decus surgens n : decus ut sua pagina V: urgena Fo//
mer : ingens Housman. «o« Sabinas V.
*«' pinus n : tinus SalmcCatue. ws oui] qui Leo
402
CIRIS
topmost citadel, whence, o*er the world far and
Tiride, I could look down upon the errors of men,
and despise their lowly cares, thee I should not be
honouring, great as thou art, with gift so slight — no
verily, albeit at times we may be pleased to trifle,
and to round a slender verse with smooth-running
feet; but I should weave a story into an ample
robe,^ if thus to speak be lawful, such as is borne in
Erechthean Athens, what time due vows are paid
to chaste Minerva, and the fifth-year feast slowly
returns at the lustre's close, when the gentle West-
wind waxes strong against his rival of the East, and
bears onward the car, heavy with its o'erhanging
weight. Happy that day is called, happy that year,
and happy are they who have looked upon such a
year and such a day ! Thus in due order are in-
woven the battles of Pallas : the great robes are
adorned with the trophies of Giants, and grim com-
bats are depicted in blood-red scarlet. There is
added he, who was hurled down by the golden spear
— Typhon, who aforetime, when mounting into
heaven on the rocks of Ossa, essayed to double the
height of Oljmipus by piling thereon the Emathian
mount. 2
^ Such is the goddess* sail, borne at the solemn
season, and on such wise, most learned youth, would
I fain enweave thee, amid roseate suns, and the
moon's white star, that makes heaven throb with her
with figures (c/. 29 seq.) which was offered to Athena at the
great Panathenaic festival. This was solemnized every five
years in the month of Hecatombaeon, the first month of the
Attic year. The peplos, outstretched like a sail, was carried
to the temple on a ship (here called eurrus) which was
drawn tlirough the streets of Athens on rollers.
* Pelion, a mountain of Thessaly, which Emathia here
represents ; c/. Georgics, i. 281 S.
407
VIRGIL
naturae rerum magnis intexere chartis ;
aeternum ut sophiae coniunctum carmine nomen 40
nostra tuum senibus loqueretur pagina saeelis.
Sed quoniam ad tantas nunc primum nascimur artes
nunc primum teneros firmamus robore nervos,
haec tamen interea, quae possumus^ in quibus aevi
prima rudimenta et iuvenes exegimus annos^ 45
accipe dona meo multum vigilata labore
promissa atque diu iam tandem <reddita vota>
impia prodigiis ut quondam exterrita amoris
Scylla novos avium sublimis in acre coetus
viderit et tenui conscendens aethera pinna .50
caeruleis sua tecta supervolitaverit alis,
banc pro purpureo poenam scelerata capillo^
pro patris solvens excisa et funditus urbe.
Complures illam et magni^ Messalla^ poetae
(nam verum fateamur : amat Polyhyinnia verum) 55
longe alia perhibent mutatam membra figura
Scyllaeum monstro saxum infestasse voraci ;
illam esse, aerumnis quam saepe legamus Ulixi^
Candida succinctam latrantibus inguina monstris^
Dulichias vexasse rates et gurgite in alto 60
deprensos nautas canibus lacerasse marinis.
sed neque Maeoniae patiuntur credere cbartae
nee malus istorum dubiis erroribus auctor.
namque alias alii volgo finxere puellas^
*• alterno ffeinsiua. ut omitted.
" reddita vota conjectured hy Leo. In LA^ the verse runs :
et promissa tuis non magna exordia rebus.
^ amoris Scaliger : miris Heinaiua : mollis KUis : amplis.
*• pro(h) Sillig, Vollmer, patria Haupt.
^' So Haupt, monstra saxosum infectata vocavi A : vocari
HL.
408
CIRIS
celestial chariot,^ into a great poem on Nature, so
that unto late ages our page might speak thy name,
linked in song with Wisdom's theme.
*2 But seeing that now for the first time our
infant efforts are turned to such high arts,^ since
new first we are making strong our youthful sinews,
this theme, nevertheless — 'tis all we can offer —
whereon we have spent life's earliest schooling, and
the years of our youth — do thou meanwhile accept,
a gift wrought by me with many a toilsome vigil,
a vow long promised and now at last fulfilled.
'Tis the story of how, once upon a time, unfilial
Scylla, frenzied by love's portents, saw in the sky
aloft strange gatherings of birds, and, mounting the
heaven on slender pinion, hovered on azure wings
above her home, paying this penalty, accursed one,
for th* crimson lock, and for the utter uprooting of
her father's city.
^* Many great poets tell us, Messalla (for let us
confess the truth : 'tis truth Polyhynmia loves) that
she, with limbs changed to far different form,
haunted the rock of Scylla with her voracious bulk.
She it is, they say, of whom we read in the toils of
Ulysses, how that, with howling monsters girt about
her white waist, she often harried the Ithacan
barques and in the swirling depths tore asunder
with her sea-dogs the sailors she had clutched.^
But neither do Homer's pages* suffer us to credit
this tale nor does he who .is the pernicious source ^
of those poets* sundry mistakes. For various writers
have commonly feigned various maidens as the
^ cf. Aen. X. 216. ^ Viz. Epicurean philosophy.
^ cf. Eclogues, vi. 74 flf. * i.e. in Odyssey , xii.
* Who this is, is unknown. So Curcio. Benoist follows
Sillig in rendering " the cause of the perilous wanderings of
those mariners *' (Ulysses and his crew), i.e. Neptune.
409
VIRGIL
quae Colophoniaco Scyllae dicantur Homero. 65
ipse Crataein ait matrem ; sed sive Crataeis,
sive illam monstro generavit Echidna biformi,
sive est neutra parens atque hoc in carmine toto
inguinis est vitium et Veneris descripta libido ;
sive etiam iactis speciem mutata venenis 70
infelix virgo (quid enim commiserat ilia ?
ipse pater timidam saeva complexus harena
coniugium castae violaverat Amphitrites) 73
horribilis circum vidit se sistere formas, 80
heu quotiens mirata novos expalluit artus, 81
ipsa suos quotiens heu pertimuit latratus ! 82
at tamen exegit longo post tempore poenas, 74
ut cum cura suae veheretur coniugis alto, 75
ipsa trucem multo misceret sanguine pontum ;
seu vero, ut perhibent, forma cum vinceret omnis
et cupidos quaestu passim popularet amantes,
piscibus et canibusque malis vallata repente est 79
ansa quod est mulier numen fraudare deorum 83
et dictam Veneri voto intervertere poenam,
quam mala multiplici iu venum consaepta caterva 8 5
dixerat atque animo meretrix iactata ferarum,
infamem tali merito rumore fuisse,
docta Palaepaphiae testatur voce Pachynus.
•' dicuntur AR.
•• ait Heyne : ei 8Ulig, Crataeis] erithei : Hecateis EUu,
*^ generavit Echidna Hovsman : gennit gravena.
''^ iactis] exactis LA\
'* saeva] sola Riiardi : sicca Haupt,
78'8» transpositions due to Reitzenstcin.
'• suae] tuae : sui Loensis. Votlmer conjectures ut cum
curvatae.
'• et] heu Schtodbe : en Leo : haec Ellis. Leo arranges
thus : 78, 83, 84, 79, 80.
8* voto intervertere Sillig : votorum vertere.
B" consaepta Sillig : quod saepta.
*• vixit eratqne Hwapt,
^^ merito rumore Loensis : meritorum more.
^^ Palaephatia . . . papyrus Aldine edition 1517.
410
CIRIS
Scyllas named by Colophon's Homer. He him-
self says ^ that Crataeis was her mother ; but
ivhether Crataeis or Echidna bare that twy-formed
monster ; or whether neither was her mother^ and
throughout the poem she but portrays the sin of
lustfulness and love's incontinence,* or whether,
transformed through scattered poisons, the luckless
maiden (luckless, I say, for of what wrong had she
been guilty ? Father Neptume himself had em-
braced the ^ghtened maid on the lonely strand,
and broken his conjugal vow to chaste Amphitrite)
beheld awful shapes plant themselves about her :
— how often, alas ! did she marvel and grow pale at
her strange limbs ! how often, alas ! did she turn in
terror from her own bajring ! but still long after-
wards she exacted penalty, for when the delight of
his consort was riding upon the deep, she herself
confounded the savage sea with much blood ^ — or
whether, as 'tis said, seeing that she excelled all
women in beauty, and in avarice made wanton
havoc of her eager lovers, she of a sudden became
fenced about with fell fishes and dogs, for that she,
a woman, dared to defraud the powers divine, and to
withhold from Venus the vow-appointed price, even
the payment which a base harlot, encompassed by a
throii^g crowd of youths, and stirred with a ^Id
and savage spirit, had imposed upon her lovers —
that by this report she was with reason defamed,
Pachynus has learned and so bears witness, speaking
by the lips of Venus, queen of Old Paphos * : — ^what-
* Odysaty^ xn. 125.
- The assumption being that the description of Scylla is
allegorical.
* This probably refers to the transformation of Scylla.
The cura is Neptune, husband of Amphitrite.
* There seems to have been an inscription about Scylla in
the temple of Venus at Pachynus.
411
• •
»' ••*,
»"<-
■-<a
'^
--*
9<'
-" '*
'*
''*-^.
'<*• ,-
*=^
-I
-tv-^
-c^-
♦>'.
fr
/"v^,.
^^-Sc
//v
^//z /'"'^/V//
/
'////,
V//
//^
>//.
"<».
//.Z^"««^
''///.
>/
^rrt
ffc
CIRIS
^ver and howsoever each has spoken of such dis-
trous state, 'tis all dreams : rather let the Ciris
^come known, and not a Scylla who was but one of
lany maidens.^
•2 Therefore, ye divine Muses, who, when I essayed
> put forth my abstruse songs, granted me the high
ewards I craved — ye, whose pure columns not
eldom are stained by the altar-offerings that I bring;
it whose temple-doors the hyacinths yield their
bloom, or the sweet blushing narcissus, or the crocus
and lilies, blended with alternate marigolds, and on
'whose threshold are scattered blooming roses — now
come, ye goddesses, now breathe a special grace
upon this toil, and crown this fresh scroll with glory
immortal !
101 Near to the home of Pandion^ lie cities between
the Attic hills and Theseus' gleaming shores, smiling
from afar with their roseate shells ; * and, worthy to
yield to none of these in repute, stands Megara,
whose walls were reared by the toil of Alcathous —
by the toil of Alcathous and Phoebus, for him the
god aided ; whence too the stones, imitating the
lyre's shrill notes, often, when smitten, re-echo
Cyllene's murmurs,* and in their sound attest the
ancient love of Phoebus. This city the prince who
in those days was eminent above others in arms,
even Minos, had ravaged and laid waste with his
fleet, because Polyidos,^ fleeing from the Carpathian
^ The subject, then, is to be that Scylla who was trans-
formed into the sea-fowl, called Ciris. * Athens.
^ This is the Megarid, which abounds in white marble,
interspersed with shells. Here Theseus founded the Isthmian
games.
* i.e. the music of the lyre. Mercury, its inventor, was
born on Cyllene ; cf. Aen. vm. 139.
^ The priest who was said to have once restored Glaucus,
son of Minos, to life.
413
VIRGIL
Carpathium fugiens et flumina Caeratea
texerat. hunc bello repetens Gortynius heros
Attica Cretaea sternebat rura sagitta. 115 1
sed neque turn cives neque turn rex ipse veretur
infesto ad muros volitantis agmine turmas
ieere et indomitas virtute retundere mentes,
responsum quoniam satis est meminisse deorum.
nam capite a summo regis (mirabile dictu) 120
Candida caesaries (florebant tempora lauro)^
et roseus medio surgebat vertice crinis :
cuius quam servata diu natura fuisset,
tarn patriam incolumem Nisi regnumque futurum
Concordes stabili firmarant numine Parcae. 125
ergo omnis cano residebat cura capillo^
aurea sollemni comptum quern fibula ritu
crobylus et tereti nectebant dente cicadae.
Nee vero haec urbis custodia vana fuisset
(nee fuerat), ni Scylla novo correpta furore, 130
Scylla, patris miseri patriaeque inventa sepulehrum,
o nimium cupidis Minon inhiasset ocellis.
sed malus ille puer, quern nee sua flectere mater
iratum potuit, quem nee pater atque avus idem
luppiter (ille etiam Poenos domitare leones 135
et validas docuit viris mansuescere tigris,
**• turn — turn Haupt : tunc — tunc.
*^* icere Ellis: dicere HA^R : ducere A^L : deioere VdU-
mer: reicere Heinsiua. **• cano : earo Aldine 1617.
iss crobylus et Loerms : corpsel(la)e or corselle : Cecropiae
et SccUiger : morsilis et Ellis,
**• urbis HeiTuius : vobis. *•" ruerat Ribbeck.
"* Minon Biicheler: Minoa Lachmann: si non.
"• rabidas Heyne.
414
CIRIS
sea and the streams of Caeratus^ had taken shelter
in the ancestral home of Nisus. Seeking to win
him back in war, the Gortynian hero ^ was strewing
the Attic land with Cretan arrows. But neither in
that hour do the citizens^ nor in that hour does the
king himself^ fear to strike down the troops that
flock in hostile band to the walls^ or valorously to
blunt the spirit of the unconquered foe^ since it is
enough to remember the answer of the gods. For
surmounting the king's head (wondrous to tell) up-
rose white hair (the temples were decked with
laurel), and midway on its crown was a roseate lock.
As long as this preserved its nature^ so long had the
Fates, voicing in unison their fixed will,^ given
assurance that Nisus' country and kingdom would
be secure. Thus all their care was centred in that
hoary hair, which, adorned in wonted fashion, a
golden buckle and close roll bound with a cicada's
shapely clasp.*
129 j^or truly would this defence of the city have
been vain (nor had it been) were it not that Scylla,
swept away by fresh madness — Scylla, who proved to
be the ruin of her hapless father and her fatherland —
gaped ^ and gazed upon Minos, ah ! with too passionate
eyes. But that mischievous boy, whom, when an-
gered, neither his mother could sway, nor he, who
was at once father and father's father, even Jupiter ^
(he even quelled Punic lions, and taught the stout
strength of tigers to soften ; he even taught gods
* c/. Edoguesy vi. 60. ^ cf. Eclogues, iv. 47.
' Thucydides (i. 6) tells us that the old Athenians used to
wear the hair on the top of the head in a knot, and secured
with a pin shaped like a cicada.
* o/*. Lucr. I. 36, and Munro ctd locum,
^ Venus, daughter of Jupiter, was by Jupiter mother of
Cupid.
41 '^
VIRGIL
ille etiam divos, homines — sed dicere magnum est),
idem tum tristis acuebat parvulus iras
lunonis magnae, cuius (periuria divae
olim, sed meminere diu) periura puella 140
non ulli licitam violaverat inscia sedem^
dum sacris operata deae lascivit et extra
procedit longe matrum comitumque catervam^
suspensam gaudens in corpore ludere vestem
et tumidos agitante sinus Aquilone relaxans. 1 45
necdum etiam castos gustaverat ignis honor es^
necdum sollenmi lympha perfusa sacerdos
pallentis foliis caput exomarat olivae^
cum lapsa e manibus fugit pila^ cumque relapsa est^
procurrit virgo. quod uti ne prodita ludo 1 50
auratam gracili solvisses corpore paUam !
omnia quae retinere gradum cursusque morari
possent, o tecum vellem tu semper haberes !
non umquam violata manu sacraria divae
iurando, infelix, nequiquam iure piasses. 155
etsi quis nocuisse tibi periuria credat ?
causa pia est : timuit fratri te ostendere luno.
at levis ille deus^ cui semper ad ulciscendum
quaeritur ex omni verborum iniuria dictu^
aurea fulgenti depromens tela pharetra l60
1*9 Most editors makt (he parenthesis beffin with cuius. As
here, Ellis.
1" So Ellis, olim di Ribbeck : olim se (si).
*** nonnuUi. licitam linger: lictam L: liceat HAR.
**' catcrva.
!*• cumque] quoque Unger. relapsa est HeinMus: relap8(a)e
or relaxe MSS.
^^^ auratam Jacobs : aurea iam {sc. pila) : aureolam Hous-
inan. solvisses Barth : solvisset.
"* non numquam A. manus HAR.
i»» iui'e Barth : iura.
^^** ad uloisoendum Aldine edition 1517 : adolescendum
(ntum). "• diotu H: dicto LAR,
4)(>
CIRIS
and men — ^but too large is the theme !), that same
tiny boy at this time whetted the stern wrath of
mighty Juno^ whose home^ forbidden to all^ the
perjured maid (perjuries goddesses remember from
of old, yet remember long!) had unwittingly pro-
faned ; ^ for, as she was engaging in the goddess'
rites, she indulged in a frolic, and went far be-
yond the band of matrons and her companions,
rejoicing in the ungirdled robe that plays about
her body, and throwing loose its swelling folds,
as the North wind tosses it about. Not yet had
the fire tasted the holy offerings; not yet had
the priestess bathed in the wonted water and
adorned her head with pale olive-leaves, when the
ball slipped away from her hands, and as it re-
bounds the maiden runs forward. Would that thou
hadst not been beguiled by play, and hadst not
loosened the golden robe on thy slender body!
O would that thou hadst ever with thee all thy
apparel, which might have kept back thy steps
and stayed thy course ! Never would thy hand
have profaned the sanctuary of the goddess, nor
would st thou, unhappy one, with an oath have made
vain expiation ! ^ And yet who would suppose that
perjury had been thy bane.'^ There is a righteous
plea : Juno feared to show thee to her brother.^
But that fickle god (by whom whatever falsehood
lurks in any spoken word is ever sought for punish-
ment), drawing golden shafts from . his gleaming
* The story of the perjury is obscure. Aa to the parenthesis,
*'the inveteracy of the habit might be supposed to prevent
its long continuance in any particular case " (Ellis). .
^ Scylla must have sworn that she had not perjured herself.
^ Juno's wrath, which could easily be aroused because of
the amorous Jupiter, was feared by Scylla, who therefore
swore falsely that she had not exposed her limbs in the
temple of the goddess. 417
vol.. II. E -
VIRGIL
(heu nimium terret, nimium Tirynthia visu),
virginis in tenera delixerat omnia mente.
Quae simul ac venis hansit sitientibus ignem
et validum penitus concepit in ossa furorem^
saeva velnt gelidis Edonum Bistonis oris l65
ictave barbarico Cybeles antistita buxo^
infelix virgo tota bacchatur in urbe^
non storace Idaeo fragrantis picta capillos^
coccina non teneris pedibus Sicyonia servans,
non niveo retinens bacata monilia collo. 1 70
maltum illi incerto trepidant vestigia cursu :
saepe redit patrios ascendere -perdita muros^ '
aeriasque facit causam se visere turris ;
saepe etiam tristis volvens in nocte querellas
sedibus ex altis teeti speculatur amorem 175
castraque prospectat crebris lueentia flammis.
nulla colum novit, carum non respicit aurum,
non arguta sonant tenui psalteria chorda^
non Libyco molles plauduntur pectine telae.
nuilus in ore rubor : ubi enim rubor^ obstat amori. ] 80
atque ubi nulia malis reperit solaeia tantis
tabidulamque videt labi per viscera mortem,
quo vocat ire dolor, subigunt quo tendere fata,
fertur et horribili praeeeps impellitur oestro,
ut patris, a demens, crinem de vertice sectum 185
furtim atque argute detonsum mitteret hosti,
namque haec condicio miserae proponitur una,
"^ <So Vollmer. The verse is prohihly corrupt.
*«* gelidis ConstarUms of Fano : gelidi Z.
168 flagrantis. tincta Schroder : uiicta Heinaiua.
*•• coccina Baehrens: cognita. Sicyonia Constantius of
Fano : sic omnia Z.
*" tecti Heyne : c(a)eli : ex aulae celsis Haupt.
*®* a(h) denmm A^ : ademptum L. sectum H*: serum
IPA^R [retained by Vollmer): caesum Ellis.
186 argute Vollmer : arguto. desponsum N^methy.
418
CIRIS
quiver (ah! too much terror does the Tirynthian^
awake at sight of them !)^ had lodged them all Id
the maiden's gentle heart.
^^^ Soon as she drank the fire into her thirsty
veins, and caught deep within lier marrow the
potent frenzy, even as a fierce Thracian woman in
the chill lands of the Edonians, or as a priestess of
Cybele, inspired by barbaric box-wood flute, the
luckless maid raves through the city. No balsam
of Ida adorns her fragrant locks, no scarlet shoes
of Sicyon protect her tender feet, no collar of
pearls keeps she upon her snowy neck. Ever do
her feet hurry to and fro in uncertain course; oft
she returns, forlorn one, to climb her father's walls,
and makes the plea that she is visiting the lofty
towers; oft too at night, when pondering bitter
complaints, from her high palace-home she watches
for her love, and gazes forth to the camp, ablaze
with frequent fires. Naught she knows of the
distaff, she cares not for precious gold, the tuneful
harp rings not with its slender strings, the loom's
soft threads are smitten not with the Libyan comb.^
No blush is on her cheeks ; for in a blush love finds
a bar. And when for ills so great she finds no
comfort, and sees slow- wasting death steal o'er'
her frame, she fares whither anguish summons her,
whither the fates compel her to hai^ten, and by awful
frenzy is she driven headlong, so that, severing it
with stealth and cunning from her father's head, she
— mad girl — might send the shorn lock to the foe.
For to the unhappy girl are offered these terms
* i.e. Juno, called Tirynthian from Tiryns in Argolis ; cf.
Aen. III. 647.
2 Probably of ivory for elephants were numerous in
Libya.
419
£ E 2
VIRGIL
sive ilia ignorans (quis non bonus omnia malft
credere, quam tanti sceleris damnare puellam ?),
heu tamen infelix : quid enim imprudentia prodest ?
Nise pater, cui direpta crudeliter urbe 1 9 1
vix erit una super sedes in turribus altis,
fessus ubi exstructo possis considere nido,
tu quoque avis metuere : dabit tibi filia poenas.
gaudete, o eeleres, subnixae nubibus altis, 1 95
quae mare, quae viridis silvas lucosque sonantis
incolitis, gaudete, vagae blandaeque volucres,
vosque adeo, humanos mutatae corporis artus,
vos o crudeli fatorum lege, puellae
Dauliades, gaudete : venit carissima vobis, 200
cognatos augens reges numerumque suorum,
Ciris et ipse pater, vos, o pulcherrima quondam
corpora, caeruleas praevertite in aethera nubes,
qua novus ad superum sedes haliaeetos et qua
Candida concessos ascendet Ciris honores. 205
lamque adeo dulci devinctus lumina somno
Nisus erat, vigilumque procul custodia primis
excubias foribus studio iactabat inani,
cum furtim tacito descendens Scylla cubili
auribus arrectis nocturna silentia temptat 210
®' There is probably a lacuna after this verse. So Vollmer,
^^ tanti sceleris edition of 1501 : tanto scelere.
*® prudentia AR.
®* metuere G. Hermann : moriere.
^' blandaeque] laudate HA^R : vagi laris ante Ellis.
®® hutnani.
®* crudeli Aldine edition 1517 : urudeles.
*®i aororura Earth. *<*« devictus LA R.
^^^ aervabat N^methy. 210 erectis (us) or arreptis.
420
1
CIRIS
alone ^ — or perchance in ignorance she did the deed
(what good man would not believe anything rather
than convict the maid of such a crime ?), yet alas !
unblest was she : for what doth folly avail ?
1^1 O Nisus, father, who, when thy city has been
cruelly despoiled, shalt have scarcely one home left
in lofty turrets, where in weariness thou canst settle
in thy high-built nest, thou too as a bird shalt be
feared ; thy daughter shall pay thee thy due.^ Rejoice,
ye swift creatures, that rest upon the lofty clouds, ye
that dwell upon the sea, that dwell in green woods
and echoing groves, rejoice, ye sweet birds that
widely roam ; yea, and ye too whose human limbs
are changed by cruel law of the fates, ye Daulian
maids,^ rejoice; there comes one beloved by you,
swelling the ranks of her royal kindred,* even Ciris
and her father himself. Do ye, O forms once most
fair, outstrip the clouds of heaven, and fly to the
skies, where the new sea-eagle will climb to the
homes of the gods, and the fair Ciris to the honours
granted her.^
2®^ And now, even now, the eyes of Nisus were fast
bound in sweet sleep, and at the entrance doors hard
by, with vain zeal the sentries on guard were keep-
ing watch, when Scylla, stealthily descending from
her silent couch, with straining ears essays the silence
^ Minos would not return Scylla's love unless she betrayed
her father in the manner described.
^ Scylla, transformed into a sea-hawk, will be pursued by
Nisus, transformed into a sea-eagle ; c/. Otorgics^ i. 405.
* Philomela and Procne, who had also been changed into
birds. Procne had married Tereus, king of Daulis.
* Philomela and Procne were daughters of the elder Pan-
dion, king of Athens, while Nisus was son of the younger
Pandion.
^ Scylla's transformation is not regarded as a punishment.
421
VIRGIL
et pressis tenuem singultibus aera captat.
turn suspensa levans digitis vestigia primis
egreditur ferroque manus armata bidenti
evolat ; at demptae subita in formidine vires
caeruleas sua furta prius testantur ad umbras. 215
nam qua se ad patrium tendebat semita limen^
vestibulo in thalami paulum remoratur et alte
suspicit ad celsi nictantia sidera mundi^
non accepta piis promittens munera divis.
Quam simul Ogygii Phoenicis fiiia Carme 220
surgere sensit anus (sonitum nam fecerat ilH
marmoreo aeratus stridens in limine cardo),
corripit ^xtemplo fessam languore puellam
et simul " o nobis sacrum caput/* inquit^ " alumna^
non tibi nequiquam viridis per viscera pallor 225
aegrotas tenui sufTundit sanguine venas,
nee levis hoc faceres (neque enim pote) cura subegit,
aut fallor : quod ut o potius, Rhamnusia^ fallar !
nam qua te causa nee dulcis pocula Bacchi
nee gravidos Cereris dicam contingere fetus ? 230
qua causa ad patrium solam vigilare cubile^
tempore quo fessas mortalia pectora curas^
quo rapidos etiam requiescunt flumina cursus ?
die age nunc miserae saltem, quod saepe petenti
iurabas nihil esse mihi^ cur maesta parentis 235
-^* devolat Leo, A fvU stop is commonly placed at the end
of the verse,
"5 testatur LAR. "« himen mL^,
2" remoratiis. alte Herzherg : alti.
2*® celsi Scaliger : c(a)eli : adclinis Leo. nictantia Scaliger :
mutantia H^R: nutantia H'^AL,
22* nequiquam Ribheck : ne(nec)quicquam.
"« egroto H, suffudit L. *" faceret ARU,
*** aut] baud A^L. quod ut o] Schroder: quod te A^L:
quod ita H\ fallar Juntine edition: fallor Z.
*»» cur] cum LAR: turn H^,
422
CIRIS
of night, and checking her sobs, catches at the fine
air. Til en, poising her feet on tip-toe, she passes with-
out and fares forth, her hand armed with two-edged
shears ; but failure of strength in her sudden terror
first bears witness of her misdeeds. to the shades of
heaven. For where the path led to her father s
threshold, she lingers a moment at the chamber-
entrance, and glances up at high heaven's flickering
stars, promising gifts that win no acceptance with
the righteous gods.
220 Soon as aged Carme,^ daughter of Ogygian
Phoenix, took note of her rising (for she had heard
the creaking of the bronze hinge ^ on the marble
threshold), straightway she seizes the faint and
weary maid, and therewith cries : ^' O precious
foster-child, whom we revere, 'tis not without
reason that throughout thy frame a sallow paleness
pours its thin blood through thy feverish veins, nor
has light trouble forced thee — nay, it could not — to
this deed, or else I am deceived : and O Rhamnusian
maid,3 rather may I be deceived ! For why else shall
I say thou touchest neither the cups of sweet Bacchus
nor the teeming fruits of Ceres } Why watchest thou
alone by thy father's bed in that hour, when the
hearts of men rest from weary cares, when even
rivers stay their swift course? Come, tell now at
least thy poor nurse that which, oft as I have
besought thee, thou hast sworn means naught —
^ Carme, daughter of Phoenix, was loved by Jupiter.
Their daughter, Britomartis, being wooed by Minos, fled
into the sea. Rescued by Diana, she was worshipped in
Crete under the name Dictyna.
2 cf. Aen. I. 449. The term cardo applies to the pivot and
socket upon which the door swings.
' Nemesis, who was worshipped especially at Rhamnus, in
Attica.
423
VIRGIL
foimosos circum virgo remorere capillos ?
ei mihi^ ne furor ille tuos invaserit artus^
ille Arabae Mjrrrhae quondam qui cepit ocellos^
ut scelere infando (quod nee sinat Adrastea)
laedere utrumque uno studeas errore parentem ! 240
quod si alio quovis animi iactaris amore
(nam te iactari^ non est Amathusia nostri
tam rudis^ ut nulio possim cognoscere signo)^
si concessus amor noto te macerat igne^
per tibi Dictynae praesentia numina iuro^ 245
prima deum mihi quae dulcem te donatalumnam^
omnia me potius digna atque indigna laborum
milia visuram^ quam te tam tristibus istis
sordibus et senio patiar tabescere tali."
Haec loquitur^ mollique ut se velavit amictu^ 250
frigidulam iniecta circumdat veste puellam^
quae prius in tenui steterat succincta crocota.
dulcia deinde genis rorantibus oscula figens
persequitur miserae causas exquirere tabis^
nee tamen ante ullas patitur sibi reddere voces^ ^55
marmoreum tremebunda pedem quam rettulit intra,
ilia autem '^quid sic me," inquit, "ntitricula, torques?
quid tantum properas nostros novisse furores ?
non ego consueto mortalibus uror amore
nee mihi notorum deflectunt lumina voltus 260
*'• remorere Paris edition 1501 : morerere H^LAR {adopted
hy Ellis, who takes it of rapturous longing) : morere H^.
*** fiinit. *** animi Haupt : animis HA^B: animo A'^L.
"2 nam] nee AB.
2** prima deum qnae dulce mihi te donat.
**' laborum] laturam A*L.
**• senio Bibheck: scoria -4*2/; morbo B: scora (= scoria)
Ellis: sanie Sudhaus.
■*° velarat Heyne. •" crocota ScaXiger : corona.
2^* persequitur edition 1607 : prosequitur LAB : perse-
quimur JI. **• intro Bibbeck,
2^^ sic Leo. quid enim me Ellis : quid (nunc) me.
424
CIRIS
why, unhappy maid, thou lingerest near thy father's
beauteous locks ? Ah me ! may it not be that that mad-
ness has assailed thy limbs, which once took captive
the eyes of Arabian Myrrha,* so that in monstrous
sin (which Adrastea forbid !) thou shouldst be fain by
one folly to wrong both parents ! But if by some
other passionate love thou art swayed (for that thou
art, not so strange to me is the Amathusian^^ that
I cannot learn this by some sign), if a lawful flame
wastes thee with familiar flame^ I swear to thee by
the divine presence of Dictyna,* who, first of the
gods in my eyes, granted me a sweet foster-child
in thee, that sooner shall I face all toils, thousands
meet and unmeet, than suffer thee to pine away in
such sad wretchedness and in such affliction."
^^® Thus she cries, and, clad as she was in soft
raiment, she casts her garb about the shivering
maid, who before had stood, high-girt^ in light
saffron robe. Then, imprinting sweet kisses on her
tear-bedewed cheeks, she earnestly seeks the causes
of her wasting misery, yet suffers her not to make
aught of reply, until, all trembling, she has with-
drawn her marble-cold * feet within. Then cries the
maid: ''Why, dear nurse, dost thou thus torture
me.'* Why so eager to know my madness.'* *Tis
no love common to mortals that inflames me ; 'tis
not the faces of friends that draw toward them my
^ The story of Myrrha or Smyrna, who was euilty of
incest with her father Cinyras and was afterwards trans-
formed into the Arabian myrrh-tree, is told in Ovid, Metam,
X. 298 ff. 2 Venus. * See note on 220, above.
* c/. Georgics, iv 623
425
VIRGIL
nee genitor cordi est : ultro namque odimus omnis.
nil amat hie animus^ nutrix^ quod oportet amari^
in quo falsa tamen lateat pietatis imago,
sed media ex aeie mediisque ex hostibus. heu heu,
quid dieam quove aegra malum hoe exordiar ore ? 265
dicam equidem, quoniam tu me non dieere, nutrix,
non sinis : extremum hoc munus morientis habeto.
ille, vides^ nostris qui moenibus adsidet hostis,
quem pater ipse deum sceptri donavit honore,
eui Parcae tribuere nee ullo volnere laedi 270
(dieendum est, frustra circumvehor omnia verbis),
ille mea, ille idem oppugnat praeeordia Minos. ^
quod per te divum erebros testamur amores /^
perque tuum memori sanetum mihi peetus alumnae,
ut me, si servare potes, nee perdere malis ; 275
sin autem optatae spes est ineisa salutis,
ne mihi, quam merui, invideas, nutrieula, mortem,
nam nisi te nobis malus, o malus, optii^na Carme,
ante in eonspeetum, casu&ve deusve tulisset,
aut ferro hoc " (aperit ferrum quod veste latebat) 280
^^ purpureum patris dempsissem vertiee crinem,
aut mihi praesenti peperissem volnere letum."
Vix haee ediderat, cum clade exteil-ita tristi
intonsos multo deturpat pulvere crinis
et graviter questu Carme complorat anili : 285
^^ o mihi nunc iterum erudelis reddite Minos,
o iterum nostrae Minos inimiee senectae,
285 aegra Bctehrena: ausa SUlig: agam BAR : ipsa L.
2*® tu me non Bathrens : tu nunc non H^ : quid non iibi L,
2" te per HL, obtestor HA^L : testatur A^. i
*'* memoris. sanctum SUlig : auctum : haustum A ^L. \
*^^ servare potes Ascensiua .* versa repetes : versare potes
A^L, nee] ne Aldine edition 1517.
*'^ ne Aldine 1517 : nee.
2'" in JOrakenborch : hunc LAR: hino H, Linforth reads
ante hoc confectum. *** incomptos Heinsiua,
426
CIRIS
eyes, *tis not my father who is thus loved : nay
more, I hate them all ! This soul of mine, O nurse,
loves naught that should be loved, naught wherein
there lurks, albeit vain, some ghost of natural regard,
but loves from midst the ranks of war, from midst
our foes. Alas ! Alas ! What can I say ? With what
speech can I, sad one, launch forth upon this woe ?
Yet surely I will speak, since thou, O nurse, dost
not permit me to be silent : this take thou as my
last dying gift. Yonder foe, who, thou seest, is
seated before our walls, to whom the Sire himself
of the gods has given the glory of sceptre, and to
whom the Fates have granted that he suffer from no
wound (I must speak ; vainly with my words do I
travel round the whole story), 'tis he, 'tis he, that
same Minos, that doth besiege my heartVO, I entreat
thee by the many loves of the gods, and by thy
heart, revered by me, thy mindful foster-child, do
thou rather save me, if thou canst, and not destroy
me. But if hope of the salvation I crave be cut off,
grudge me not, dear nurse, the death I have deserved.
For, good Carme, had not a perverse, yea, a per-
verse chance or god, brought thee first before my
eyes, then either with this steel" (she reveals the
steel, hidden in her robe)^ '*! should have taken
from my father's head his crimson lock, or with single
stroke before his eyes have won me death."
2^3 Scarce had she uttered these words, when,
affrighted by the fell disaster, Carme defiles her un-
shorn locks with a shower of dust, and in aged accents
makes grievous lamentation : ^^ O Minos, who now a
second time ^ hast visited upon me thy cruelty ! O
Minos, in my old age a second time mine enemy ! how
* c/. Aen. VI. 406.
^ See note oh 220, above.
427
VIRGIL
semper ut aut olim natae te propter eundem
aut Amor insanae luctum portavit alumnae !
tene ego tarn longe capta atque avecta nequivij 290
tarn grave servitium, tarn duros passa labores^
efFugere, o bis iam exitium cnidele meorum ?
iam iam nee nobis meqiiQ senioribus ullum
vivere uti cupiam vi\it genus, ut quid ego amens
te erepta^ o Britomarti^ mei spes una sepulchri^ 295
te, Britomarti; diem potui produeere vitae ?
atque utinam eeleri nee tantum grata Dianae
venatus esses virgo sectata virorum,
Gnosia nee Partho contendens spicula cornu
Dictaeas ageres ad gramina nota capellas ! 300
numquam tanf'obnixe iiigiens Minois amores
praeceps aerii specula de montis abisses^
unde alii fugisse ferunt et numen Aphaeae
virginis adsignant ; alii^ quo notior esses^
Dictjnam dixere tuo de nomine lunam. 305
sint haec vera velim ; mihi certe^ nata^ peristi.
numquam ego te summo volitantem in vertice montis
Hyrcanos inter comites agmenque ferarum
conspiciam, nee te redeuntem amplexa tenebo.
M« ut inserted hy Schroder,
'*' o bis iam Housman : obsistam.
*•• aequo Haupt : ea que (quae) : aevi Heinsius : heu quae
Vofimer.
294 vivere uti cupiam Sillig : vivendi copiam HAR : vivendi
causa est Vollmer, *'* sepulchri] salutis A^R.
«99 uec Partho Haupt : neu Partho Aldine edition 1517 :
na(e)upharto. *^ puellas A^R.
'®2 montis abisses ScaXiger : montibus isses.
'°' Owe verse or more may have dropped o\U after 302. So
SkiUsch and Vollmer. "*• sunt R,
•^' montis wanting in HA^R.
428
CIRIS
truly through thee^ and thee alone^ has Love ever
brought grief, either to my child in other days, or
now to my distraught fosterling ! Have I, who was
taken captive and carried off to this distant land/
who have suffered such grievous servitude and harsh
travails, have I failed to escape thee, O thou who art
already for the second time the cruel destruction of
my loved ones? Now, now, even for me, who am
older than is meet, there lives no child, so that I
may long to live. Why have I, frenzied one, when
thou, Britomartis, thou, Britomartis, the sole hope of
my tomb, wert torn from me — why have I been able
to prolong my day of life? And would that thou,
maiden so dear to fleet Diana, hadst neither pursued,
a maiden, the hunt that belongs to men, nor, aiming
Gnosian shafts from Parthian bow, hadst driven the
Dictaean goats to their familiar meadows fv Never
with such resolve to flee from Minos' passion' wouldst
thou have sped headlong from the towering moun-
tain-crag,2 whence some relate that thou didst flee,
and assign thee the godhead of the virgin Aphaea ;
but others, that so thy fame might be greater,^ have
called the moon Dictyna after thy name. May this,
I pray, be true ; for me at least, my child, thou art
no more. Never shall 1 see thee flitting on the
mountain's highest peak amid the Hyrcanian hounds,
thy comrades, and the wild beast throng, nor on thy
return shall I hold thee in my embrace.
* i.e. from Crete to Megara,
* cf. Eclogues^ viii. 69.
* The poet implies that the name Dictyna, by which
Diaim, the Moon-goddess, was also known {cf. TibuUus, i.
iv. 25 ; Ovid, MetamorphoseSy ii. 441, etc.), had been given to
Britomartis herself. Pausanias (ii. xxx. 3) tells us that
Britomartis was known as Dictyna in Crete, and as Aphaea
in Aegina.
429
i
tene eg*
viverf
te, f
atqtf
veo
Gil
m
u
' •, -
'-V
- r"-'-<'''- '.''■'- /''''- 1:'"' ^i
CIRIS
.11 this burden and this shame was mine^
of thee, my foster-child, still remained
, and that tale of thine had not yet
\y ears. Has cruel fortune taken thee
me, thee, who alone art for my old age a
-^ ' ^i^ving? Ofttimes, vainly charmed by thy
- nber, though nature weighed heavy upon
- ^ loth, I said, to die, for I would fain weave
a marriage- veil of Corycian yellow. To
■ J, unhappy one, or by what fate am I now
& } Or knowest thou not by what law the
•*• . arising from the crown of thy father's head,
"^ ^ . . nis shining hoary hair, the crimson that hangs
- ader surety ^ from thy father's lock ? If thou
X not, I may hope for some salvation, since
- • ^ ^ "cnowing thou hast essayed a crime unspeak-
* ^^ But if it is as I fear, then by thyself, my
^ and by thy love, of which I, unhappy one !
- , had many a proof, and by the power of
.•; /ia^ so cruel to destroy, do not, I pray, with
.. _ \t so foolish, pursue this great wickedness. I do
essay, O Love, to turn thee from thy purpose
.. *.^*~iat can not be — nor is it for me to contend with
» ^.^s'> but m.ay it be thy wish, my child, to wed
: ., .. 'an thy father's kingdom is safe, and at least to
. -* jj^je for thyself some home ! This one counsel I
^11 give, I who am taught and schooled by disaster.
. ^^ it if in no other way thou canst sway thy sire (but
.vr lis thou canst : for what couldst thou, an only child,
ot do }) then rather I pray (pious right shalt thou
*: ' •
* i.e. of the state, whose safety depended on the lock.
~'~r 2 According to Odyssey, xix. 188, this goddess had a cave
' ' near Aranisus, in Crete.
' This is an apostrophe, addressed to Love, the deity. ^
431
f^Vet
a^^
IT
VOX
•.
■^''^'
*^
fie,
•♦.
m
«
■
'**>
"*•..
•V;
*'♦.. '-^-^ ^*,. '•'♦'*'. •"*^rrr *^/j;^
't
^-J.
'''''^^.>^
*fl
i^*
*Vu
/
''*^
w
^>.
•-SL
CIRIS
^or thou shalt have a plea for action and
n for resentment) — then rather renew these
»^empts and essays. The gods and I— I promise
ny child — will wait upon thee ; no task proves
which step by step is wrought."
When with these words she had lightened
jn*s troubled tide, and with soothing hope had
iled her love-sick heart, little by little with
.bling hands she essays to draw a veil over the
ien*s cheeks, and with darkness to woo reposeful
■1, uptilting the lamp of oil and quenching the
•sty light ^; then lays her hand upon' her mad
^rt*s frequent throbs, soothing her bosom with
■Mstant fondling. Thus all that night, sad soul, she
ng poised on elbow over the tear-chilled eyes of
" r drooping foster-child.
" 349 Soon as the morrow's dawn was joyously bring-
"g kindly day to mortals, and on chill Oeta was
•attering the rays of those advancing fires, which
.. .morous maidens now flee and now crave (the star
*f Hesperus they shun, they long for Eos to blaze),*
/, .he girl obeys the bidding of her nurse, and here
M' -and there earnestly seeks all manner of pleas for
wedlock. In soft accents she assails her father's
ears, and praises the blessings of gentle peace ; much
strange speech flits from the foolish lips of the
untutored maid : she trembles, she says, at the
''''^ impending battle-strife, and fears the common god
,; of war ; now for the kirig's friends and now for him-
self is she afraid: sadly she bewails her bereaved
^ The light was extinguished by tilting up the lamp anr*
allowing the oil to cover the burning wick.
'^ cf. Catullus, LXii. 35. ^
VOL. II.
VIRGIL
cum love communis qui non dat habere nepotes;
nunc etiam conficta dolo mendacia turpi
invenit et divum terret formidine civis ;
nunc alia ex aliis (nee desunt) omina quaerit.
quin etiam castos ausa est corrumpere vates, 365
ut, cum caesa pio cecidisset victima ferro,
esset qui generum Minoa auctoribus extis
iungere et ancipitis suadereTtollere^ugnas.
At nutrix, patula componens sulpura testa,
narcissum casiamque herbas contundit olentis 370
terque novena ligans triplici diversa colore
fila, "ter in gremium mecum," inquit, "despue, virgo,
despue ter, virgo : numero deus impare gaudet."
inde lovi magno geminans Stygialia sacra,
sacra nee Idaeis anubus nee cognita Grais, 375
pergiJL Anax.cJ^,co spargens altaria thallo,
regis 'lolclacis' ^nimum defigere votis.
Verum ubi nulla movet stabilem fallacia Nisum,
nee possunt homines nee possunt flectere divi,
(tanta est in parvo fiducia crine cav^ndi), 380
rursus ad inceptum sociam se iungit alumnae,
purpureumque parat rursus tondere capillum,
tam longo quod iam captat succurrere amori,
non minus ilia tamen, revehi quod moenia Cressa
gaudeat : et cineri patria est iucunda sepulto. 385
Ergo iterum capiti Scylla est inimica paterno.
3«* qui non dat habere Ellis: qui quondam (quim, quin)
habuere. *** confecta. ^^* omnia /?.
•" ut Aldine edition 1517 : et. »'« incendit HA,
*7^ ligans Ribheck: ligant (ligat).
'^* inde (hino) niagno geminat (generata) lovi : geminans
Botht, Stygialia »Sca/i^€r .* frigidula.
•" Aeaeie Heinsiua. •" adiungit HL,
'^' tam fleyne : cum long« (lougo).
»" revehi A^: raucl A^R: Rhauci Sllis and Unger.
Cressa Schrader : crcscat (crencant).
•" iterum Jleitmue : metu \ mami Stfi9. capiti H*: capitis.
434
CIRIS
father^ who suffers her not to give him grandchildren
whom he would share with Jove.^ Now, too, she
conceives falsehoods feigned in base deceit, and
affrights her fellow-citizens with the terrors of the
gods ; now for various omens, from this one and from
that, she makes quest, nor fails to find them. Nay
more, she dared to bribe holy seers, so that, when
a victim fell, slain by sacred steel, one should
prompt the king to join Minos to himself as son, and
to put an end to the doubtful conflict.
^® But the nurse, mixing sulphur in a broad bowl,
bruises therewith narcissus and cassia, savoury herbs,
and thrice tying thrice nine threads, marked with
three different hues, she cries: "Spit thrice into
tliy bosom, as I do, maiden; spit thrice, maiden:
in an uneven number heaven delights." * Then,
oft paying to mighty Jove the Stygian rites,^ rites
unknown to soothsayers, ' Trojan or- Greek, she,
sprinkling the altars With Amyclaean branch,^ essays
to bewitch the king's mind with Thessalian en-
chantments.
378 But when now no device moves steadfast Nisus,
and neither men nor gods can sway him (such confi-
dence in warding off peril places he in his little lock)
again she allies herself with her foster-child's design,
and again makes ready to shear the crimson hair, for
now she is eager to relieve a passion so protracted, —
yet not less so because of her joy in returning to the
towns of Crete ; our motherland is sweet, if only for
our buried ashes.
^^ Therefore once more Scylla assails her father's
^ If she wedded Minos, Nisus and Jupiter would both be
grandfathers to her children.
» c/*. Eclogues, vm. 73 flf. ^ c/. Aen, iv. 638.
* rrobably an olive-bough ; cf. Aen. vi. 230.
435
F F 2
VIRGIL
turn coma Sidonio florens deciditur ostro^
turn capitur Megara et divnm responsa probantur^
turn suspensa novo ritu de navibus altis
per mare caeruleum trahitur Niseia virgo. 390
complures illam nymphae mirantur in undis^
miratur pater Oceanus et Candida Tethys
et cupidas secum rapiens Galatea sorores,
illam etiam^ iunctis magnum quae piscibus aequor
et glauco'bipedum curru metitur equorum^ 395
Leucothea parvusque dea cum matre Palaemon ;
illam etiam, alternas sortiti vivere luces, . »- '/
cara lovis suboles, magnum Jo vis incrementum,
Tyndaridae niveos mirantur virginis artus.
has adeo voces atque haec lamenta per auras 400
fluctibus in mediis questu volvebat inani,
ad caelum infelix ardentia lumina tendens,
lumina, nam teneras arcebant vincula palmas :
'^ Supprimite o paulum turbati flamina venti,
dum queror et divos (quamquam nil testibus illis 405
profeci) extrema moriens tamen adloquor hora.
vos ego, vos adeo, venti, testabor, et aurae,
vos, vos, humana si qui de gente venitis,
cernitis : il]a ego sum cognato sanguine vobis,
Scylla (quod o salva liceat te dicere, Procne), 410
ilia ego sum. Nisi pollentis filia quondam,
"' tunc AR {80 in 388, 389). 's* navibus] manibus ff^.
»»* ilia H^LA, »»' illam Heinsiua : illi.
*•* tendens] toUeua L,
*** vos humana Leo, who also supposes that a verse preceding
this is lost : o numantina. *"• cernitis ? Ellis.
436
^
CIRIS
head. Then it is that his hair^ rich in its Sidonian
purple^ is cut off; then that Megara is taken and the
divine oracles are proved; then that^ suspended in
strange fashion from lofty ships^ the maiden daughter
of Nisus is dragged over the blue sea-waters. Many
Nymphs marvel at her amid the waves ^; father
Neptune marvels^ and shining Tethys^ and Galatea,
carrying off in her company her eager sisters. At
her, too, marvels she who traverses the mighty main
in her azure car, drawn by her team of fishes^ and
two-footed steeds, Leucothea, and little Palaemon
with his goddess mother.' At her, too, marvel they
who live by lot alternate days, the dear offspring ot
Jupiter, mighty seed of a Jupiter to be,^ the Tyn-
daridae, who marvel at the maiden's snowy limbs.
Yea, these cries and these laments she, in the midst
of the waves, sent ringing through the air in her
fruitless wailing, uplifting to heaven, hapless one,
her blazing eyes — her eyes, for bonds confined her
tender hands.^
*^* ''Stay, ye wild winds, O stay for a space your
blasts while I make plaint, and, to the gods (albeit
their witness has availed me naught) yet as I die, in
my last hour, I raise my cry. You, ye winds and
breezes, yea you, I will call to witness ! Ye, if ye
that meet me are of human stock,^ ye discern me : I
am Scylla, of blood akin to yours (of thy grace may
1 say this, O Procne!); I am she who once was
daughter of mighty Nisus, she who was wooed in
^ The passage is suggested by Catullus, LXiv. 14 ff.
2 I.e. dolphins ; cf, Oetyrgics, iv. 388 flF.
3 Ino, daughter of Cadmus.
* cf. Ecloguest iv. 49. • cf. Aen. ii. 406-6.
^ She is addressing the birds, which have once been human
beings.
437
VIRGIL
certatim ex omni petiit qliam Graecia regno,
qua curvus terras amplectitur Hellespontus.
ilia ego sum, Minos, sacrato foedere coniunx
dicta tibi : tamen haec, etsi non accipis, audis. 415
vinctane tarn magni tranabo gurgitis undas ?
vincta tot adsiduas pendebo ex ordine luces ?
non equidem me alio possum contendere dignam
supplicio, quod sic patriam carosque penates
hostibus immitique addixi ignara tjnranno. 420
verum istaec, Minos, illos scelerata putavi,
si nostra ante aliquis nudasset foedera casus,
facturos, quorum direptis moenibus urbis,
o ego crudelis^ fiamma delubra petivi ;
te vero victore prius vel sidera cursus 425
mutatura suos, quam te mihi talia captae
facturum metui. iam iam scelus omnia vincit.
tene ego plus patrio dilexl perdita regno ?
tene ego ? nee mirum, voltu decepta puella
(ut vidi, ut peril ! ut me malus abstulit error !) 430
non equidem ex isto speravi corpore posse
tale malum nasci ; forma vel sidera fallas.
"Me non deliciis commovit regia dives,
dives curalio fragili et lacrimoso electro,
me non florentes aequali corpore nymphae, 435
non metus impendens potuit retinere deorum :
omnia vicit amor : quid enim non vinceret ille ?
*^' c^uam curvus e terris (e omitted /?, terras A'^). Vcllmer
recognizes froftments ofttoo verses,
*" aspicis Heinsius. '^^ victa iJ.
**' quod sic] quam quod L» *•• ingrata Heinsius.
**^ istaec Schroder : est hec (hoc), verum est : haec
Vollmer. *** flammis A,
•2' factorum (fatorum) HAR.
"* sidera HA^ : sidere. fallas Haupt : fallor (falle or
fallat). *'* dives added in Aldine edition 1534.
^'® impendens Leo : incendens (incensam).
«" vincit LAR.
438
CIRIS
rivalry by Greeks of every realm^ wherever the
winding Hellespont ^ embraces his lands. I am she,
0 Minos, whom by sacred compact thou didst call
wife : this thou hearest, albeit thou payest no heed.
Shall I in bonds float o'er the waves of so vast a
sea.'^ In bonds shall I be suspended for so many
days, each following each } Yet that I am worthy of
other punishment I may not plead, seeing that thus
1 surrendered my motherland and my dear home to
foemen and to a tyrant — though I knew it not — thus
pitiless. Yet shame so foul as this methought my
countr3nnen might work me, should some mischance
first disclose our alliance, and when their city walls
were razed I, cruel one, alas ! assailed their shrines
with flames ; but if thou wert victor, I deemed that
the stars would change their courses ere thou shouldst
do such deed to me, thy captive. Now, now *tis
wickedness that conquers all ! ^ Did I, forlorn one,
love thee above my father's realm .^ Did I love
thee? Yet 'tis not strange. A maiden, deceived
by thy face — as I saw, how was I lost! how a
fatal frenzy swept me away ! ^ — I did not deem
that from that form of thine such guilt could spring.
With thy beauty thou wouldst deceive even the
stars !
433 e( I y^Q^ moved not by a palace rich in its delights
— rich in frail coral and amber tears — was moved not
by damsels of like youth and beauteous to behold ;
no fear of gods with its menace could hold me back :
Love conquered all : for what could Love not conquer.^
1 The Hellespont is perhaps put for the whole Aegean ; cf,
Cidex, 33.
* A variation on omnia vincit Amor {Ed. x. 69). f^ Lin-
forth. Others would render ** thy crime surpasses alL
• = Eclogues^ viii. 41.
439
I
VIRGIL
non mihi iam pingui sudabunt tempora mjrrha^
pronuba nee castos accendet pinus honores^
nee Libys Assyrio stemetur lectulus ostro. 440
magna queror : me ne ilia quidem eommunis alumnam
omnibus inieeta tellus tumulabit harena.
mene inter matres aneillarisque maritas^
mene alias inter famularum munere fungi
coniugis atque tuae^ quaeeumque erit illa^ beatae 445
non licuit gravidos penso devolvere fusos ?
at belli saltern captivam lege necasses ! 447
iam tandem casus hominum, iam respice^ Minos ! 454
sit satis hoc^ tantum solam vidisse malorum^ 4f55
vel fato fuerit nobis haec debita pestis^
vel casu incerto^ merita vel denique culpa :
omnia nam potius quam te fecisse putabo."
Labitur interea revoluta ab litore classis,
magna repentino sinuantur lintea Coro^ 460
flectitur in viridi remus sale^ languida fessae
virginis in cursu moritur querimonia longo.
deserit angustis inclusum faucibus Isthmon^
Cjpselidae magni florentia regna Corinthi ;
praeterit abruptas Scironis protinus arces 4/65
infestumque suis dirae testudinis exit
spelaeum multoque cruentas hospite cautes.
iamque adeo tutum longe Piraeea cernit^
et notas, heu heu frustra^ respectat Athenas.
«» odores ffL.
*** me ne Htyne : ne ut (nee et or ut) : ne tu . . . tamu-
labis Elli»,
448 -458 ifi^ transposition of verses <m indicated in the text is
due to Sudhaus. So Vollmer,
^^^ livescnnt Heinsius : labescunt (labascunt).
*** pristes Barth : pestes or pi sees.
**5 sola HAR: Scyllam HoAipt.
**' incerto Scaliger : incepto. *•• resoluta Heinsius.
*•* et magni Schroder. Gorinthum Heyne.
*" heu heu] secum heu.
440
CIRIS
No more shall my temples drip with rich myrrh, nor
shall the bridal pine kindle its pure flames, nor shall
the Libyan couch be strewn with Assyrian purple.
Chiefly do I thus complain : even yonder earth, that
is common to all, will not entomb me, her foster-
child, with sprinkling of sand ! Might not I, amid
the mothers and married slave-women — might not I,
amid other handmaids, have performed their task,
and for thy happy wife, whoe'er she be, have un-
rolled the spindles, weighted with their coils ? But
O that at least, by law of war, thou hadst killed
me, thy captive ! Now, pray, now, O Minos, give
heed to the chances of human-kind ! ^ Be it enough
that I, and I alone, have looked upon thus much
misery ! Grant that this disaster has been due to
me by fate, or has come by uncertain chance, or in
fine by a guilt that deserves it : aught shall I believe
rather than that thou hast been its author ! "
*5* Meanwhile, set free from the shore, the fleet
glides forth ; the great sails swell with the sudden
Northwest ; the oar bends in the green salt water ;
the feeble wailing of the weary maid dies away in
the long voyage. Behind her she leaves the Isthmus,
shut in with its narrow throat, the rich realm at
Corinth of the great son of Cypselus;^ forthwith
she passes Sciron's steep heights, and goes beyond
the dread tortoise's cave, so fatal to her fellow-
citizens, and the cliffs, stained with the blood of
many a guest.^ And now indeed she sees afar secure
Piraeus, and looks back — alas! alas! in vain — upon
^ She meaus that no human being has ever suffered like
her.
■ Periander.
' The robber Sciron used to throw his victims to a
tortoise.
441
VIRGIL
iam procul e fluctu Salaminia suspicit arva 470
florentisque videt iam Cycladas ; hinc Venus illi
Sunias^ hinc statio contra patet Hermionea.
linquitur ante alias longe gratissima Delos
Nereidum raatri et Neptuno Aegaeo.
prospicit incinctam spumanti litore Cythnon 475
marmoreamque Paron viridemque adlapsa Donysam
Aeginamque simul fsalutiferamque Seriphum. 477
iam fesso tandem fugiunt de corpore vires^ 448
et caput inflexa lentum cervice recumbit,
marmorea adductis livescunt bracchia nodis. 450
aequoreae pristes^ inmania corpora pontic
undique conveniunt et glauco in gurgite circum
verbere caudarum atque oris minitantur hiatu. 453
fertur et incertis iactatur ad omnia ventis^ 478
(cumba velut magnas sequitur cum parvula classis
Afer et hiberno bacchatur in aequore turbo), 480
donee tale decus formae vexarier undis
non tulit ac miseros mutavit virginis artus
caeruleo pollens coniunx Neptunia regno,
sed tamen aetemum squamis vestire puellam,
infidosque inter teneram committere piscis 485
non statuit (nimium est avidum pecus Amphitrites) :
aeriis potius sublimem sustulit alis,
esset nt in terns facti de nomine Ciris,
Ciris Amyclaeo formosior ansere Ledae.
*'' sementiferam A^L, The verse is faulty, VoUmer
thinks ttoo half lines are lost after simul.
*** vexarier B: vexavit Z. undis] aegros (aegram).
*** aetemum Kreunen: alternat Leo: altemans VoUmer:
eternam (externam). *^* Amyclaeae ffeinsius.
442
CIRIS
famous Athens. Now at a distance, rising from the
flood, the fields of Salamis she espies, lying apart
from the waves, and now she sees the shining
Cyclades : on this side the Venus of Sunium opens
to her ; on that, opposite, Hermione's town.* Then
she leaves Delos, dearest beyond all to the mother
of the Nereids and to Aegean Neptune ; 2 she sees
afar Cythnus, girt with foaming shore, and draws
near to marble-white Paros and green Donysa, with
Aegina and health-bringing Seriphus.^ Now at length
her strength flees from her weary frame, her head
falls back heavy on her bended neck, her marble-
white arms grow livid under the close-drawn knots.
Monsters of the sea, giant forms of the deep, throng
about her on all sides, and in the blue-grey waters
threaten her with lashing tails and gaping mouths.
Onward she moves, tossed to and fro by uncertain
winds (even as a tiny skiff when it follows a great
fleet, and an African hurricane riots upon the wintry
sea) until Neptune's spouse,* queen of the azure
realm, brooked it not that such a beauteous form
should be harassed by the waves, and transformed
the maiden's hapless limbs. But still she purposed
not to clothe the gentle maid with scales for ever,
or establish her amid treacherous fishes (all too
greedy is Amphitrite's flock) : rather she raised her
aloft on airy wings, that she might live on earth as
Ciris, named from the deed wrought* — Ciris, more
beauteous than Leda's Amyclaean swan.
^ The poet incorrectly substitutes Venus (Aphrodite) for
Athena, who had a temple on Cape Sunium. Hermioue was
in the Argolid. « c/. Aen, iii. 74.
' An allusion, probably, to the story of Danae and Perseus,
whose ark was washed upon the coast of Seriphus.
* Amphitrite.
^ Ciris is from Keipciv, ** cut" or ** shear."
443
VIRGIL
Hie velut in niveo tenera est eum primitus ovo 490
effigies animantis et intemodia inembris
imperfecta novo fiuitant concreta calore^
sic liquido Scyllae circumfusum aequore corpus
semiferi incertis etiam nunc partibus artus
undique mutabant atque undique mutabantur. 49.5
oris honos primum et multis optata labella
et patulae frontis species concrescere in unum
coepere et gracili mentum producere rostro ;
turn qua se medium capitis discrimen agebat^
ecce repentc, velut patrios imitatus honores, 500
puniceam concussit apex in vertice cristam;
at mollis varios intexens pluma colores
marmoreum volucri vestivit tegmine corpus
lentaque perpetuas fuderunt bracchia pinnas.
inde alias partes minioque infecta rubenti 505
crura nova macies obduxit squalida pelie
et pedibus teneris unguis adfixit acutos.
et tamen hoc demum miserae succurrere pacto
vix fuerat placida Neptuni coniuge dignum.
numquam illam post haec oculi videre suorum 510
purpureas flavo retinentem vertice vittas,
non thalamus Syrio fragrans accepit amomo^
nullae illam sedes : quid enim cum sedibus illi ?
quae simul ut sese cano de gurgite velox
cum sonitu ad caelum stridentibus extulit alls 515
et multum late dispersit in aequora rorem^
infelix virgo nequiquam a morte recepta
incultum solis in rupibus exigit aevum^
rupibus et scopulis et litoribus desertis.
*"^ aoimantur BHL, *®^ purpuream A^L.
*®' mansurum A^L.
*<*• novamque acies (-em), pellem (pellis). *®' placide.
^** Syrio Aacensivs : Tyrio. flagrans.
**' cum Heinsivs : iam.
**' a Aldine edition 1534 ; omitted in MSS,
444
CIRIS
490 Hereon, as when at first in a snowy egg thei-^
is the soft outline of a living thing, and the limbs'
imperfect junctures, as they grow together in un-
wonted heat, float about, yet incomplete ; so witlx
Seylla's body, encompassed by the waters of tK^
deep, while the parts were even yet uncertain, tH^
half-human joints were changing it throughout', arxd
throughout were being changed. First, the lovely
face and those lips yearned for by many, and tUe
broad brow's charm, began to grow together and to
prolong the chin with a slender beak. Then, where
on the head the line appeared that parts the hair in
equal portions, lo ! of a sudden, as if copying her sires' s
glory, on her crown a tuft waved its crimson crest,
while soft plumes, blending varied hues, clothed Kei-
marble- white body with vesture of wings, and tl:ke
feeble arms put forth long feathers. Then otliier
parts and the legs, coloured with blushing crinasor^,
an unfamiliar leanness overlaid with rough skin, fitxi<3L
to the tender feet fastened sharp nails. And. y^t
to succour the hapless maiden in this manner orxly
was scarce worthy of Neptune's gentle spo\is^.
Never hereafter did the eyes of her kin behold, he
tying back her purple fillets upon her golden hesi^d
no chamber, fragrant with Syrian spice, no hom _
welcomed her ; w^hat, indeed, had she to do witl:^
home ? And soon as from the hoary tide with sp^^d
and uproar she arose to the sky on whirring win.
and far aiid wide lias scattered a cloud of spray o
the waters, the hapless maid, vainly recovered fro
death, lives her wild life among the lonely rock:
the rocks and cliffs and deserted shores.
VIRGIL
Nee tamen hoc ipsum poena sine : namque deum rex^
omnia qui imperio terrarum milia versat^ 521
commotus talem ad superos volitare puellam^
cum pater exstinctus caeca sub nocte lateret^
illi pro pietate sua (nam saepe nitentum
sanguine taurorum supplex resperserat aras, 525
saepe deum largo decorarat munere sedes)
reddidit optatam mutato corpore vitam
fecitque in terris haliaeetos ales ut esset :
quippe aquilis semper gaudet deus ille coruscis.
huic vero miserae^ quoniam damnata deorum 530
iudicio^ fatique et coniugis^ ante fuisset^
infesti apposuit odium crudele parentis,
namque ut in aetherio signorum munere praestans^
unum quern duplici stellatum sidere vidi,
Scorpios alternis clarum fugat Oriona ; 535
sic inter sese tristis haliaeetos iras
et Ciris memori servant ad saecula fato.
quacumque ilia levem fugiens secat aethera pinnis^
ecce inimicus, atrox, magno stridore per auras
insequitur Nisus ; qua se fert Nisus ad auras^ 540
ilia levem fugiens raptim secat aethera pinnis.
*** ipsum B^ : iterarn B^AR {explained by Vollmer as
referring to her sufferings after the metamorphosis),
^2* superos] celuin B^,
^** nitentum edition of 1501 : videmus : vigentum Ellis.
®*^ respexerat BH\ auras BHLA,
^*® longo decoravit AB, sedem AK
^*® aquilis] aliia B^ : aliquia HA^R. coruscus.
®'^ fatique E, B. Oreene : patrisque Heyne : patriaeque
Sillig: pactique (= plighted) Ellis: natique.
^^^ liimine Schroder.
^'* stellatum Juntine edition : stellarum.
"6 fugat B: fugant. "» facto.
"« s^v&AR, "1 ACTA A R.
446
CIRIS
^-^ Yet even this not without penalty : for the king
of the gods^ who with his power sways all regions of
the world, being grieved that a maid so wicked
should be flitting to the world above, while under
dark night*s cover her father's light was quenched,
unto him by reason of his piety (for oft with the
blood of sleek bulls had he suppliantly besprinkled
the altars, and oft with lavish gifls had he adorned
the homes of the gods) granted under changed form
the life he had craved, and suffered him to be on
earth a winged sea-eagle, for in lightning-swift eagles
that god ever delights. But upon that unhappy maid,
since she had first been condemned by judgment of
the gods, of fate and of her husband,^ he laid an
angry father's relentless hate. For even as, amid
the grandeur of heaven's constellations, the glorious
Scorpion, which alone I have seen bestarred with
two-fold brilliance, puts to rout in alternate strife
the gleaming Orion : so the sea-eagle and the Ciris,
with ever remmdful fate, maintain the fierceness pt
mutual wrath from age to age. Wherever she flees,
cleaving the light air with her wings, lo ! savage and
ruthless, with loud whirr Nisus follows through the
sky ; where Nisus mounts skyward, she flees in haste,
cleaving the light air with her wings.^
^ Minos was the coniunx (to be) of Scylla.
2 Lines 538-541 = Oeorgica, i. 406-9.
447
COPA*
CoPA Surisca^ caput Graeca redimita mitella^
crispum sub crotalo docta movere latus^
ebria fumosa saltat lasciva taberna^
ad cubitum raucos excutiens calamos :
" quid iuvat aestivo defessum pulvere abesse ? 5
quam potius bibulo decubuisse toro ?
sunt topia et kalybae, cyathi, rosa^ tibia^ chordae,,
et triclia umbrosis frigida harundinibus.
en et Maenalio quae garrit dulce sub antro
rustica pastoris fistula iu ore sonat. 10
est et vappa^ cado nuper defusa picato^
et strepitans rauco murmure rivus aquae,
sunt et cum croceo violae de flore corollae
sertaque purpurea lutea mixta rosa
et quae virgineo libata Achelois ab amne 1 5
lilia vimineis attulit in calaj
sunt et caseoli, quos hm^ea fiscina
sunt autumnall cferea pruna die
castaneaeque nuces et suave rubentia mala^
est hie tnunda Ceres, est Amor, est Bromius. 20
8 fumosa M : f amosa SFL,
' kalybae ( = Ka\6fiai) Reickenbach : MSS. have kalibes,
calybes, chalybes, or calices. ^® in ore 8FL : more M.
^' et cum croceo Leo : etiam croceo.
* For the MSS. see the opening note on the Dirae,
448
/
COPA'
Syhisca, the inn-keeper, her head bound with Greek
kerchief^ trained as she is to sway her tremulous
limbs to the notes of her castanets, within her smoky
tavern tipsily dances in wanton wise, shaking ajgainst
her elbow her noisy reeds : ^ ^^ What boots it to stay
outside, when aweary with the summer's dust, rather
than to recline on the thirsty couch of grass ? ^ There
are garden nooks and arbours, mixing^ups, roses,
flutes, lyres, and cool bowers with shady canes. Lo !
too, the pipe, which twitters sweetly within a Maena-
lian^ grotto, sounds its rustic strain in a she|>herd's
mouth. There is fresh wine, too, just drawn from
the pitched jar, and a water-brook ruiming noisily
with hoarse murmiir ; there are also chaplets of
violerVWpssoms mixed with saffron, and yellow gar-
lands blended with crimson roses ; and lilies bedewed
by a virgin stream, which a nymph ^ has brought in
osier-baskets. There are little cheeses, too, dried in
a basket of rushes ; there are waxen plums of autumn's
season, and chestnuts and sweetly blushing apples ;
there is Ceres* pure gift, with Love and Bacchus;
\ This interesting little poem, written in elegiac couplets,
was attributed to Virgil by the grammarian Charisius.
'^ The castanets were made of pieces of reed or wood.
3 cf. ** viridante toro . . . herbae" {Aen, v. 388).
* cf. Georgics, t. 17 ; Eclogues, viii. 21.
^ As Acheloua is used for aqtLa in general [cf. Georgica, i.
9), so Achelois is used for a water-nymph or Naiad ; cf.
Eclogues, ii. 45. 46.
VOL. II. G O
VIRGIL
sunt et mora cruenta et lentis uva racemis
et pendet iunco caeruleus cucumis.
est tuguri custos^ armatus falce saligna^
sed non et vasto est iiiguine terribOis.
hue, Caljbita^ veni : lassus iam sudat asellus ; 2.3
parce illi : Vestae delieium est asinus.
nunc cantu crebro rumpunt arbusta cicadae^
nunc varia in gelida sede lacerta latet :
si sapis^ aestivo recubans nunc prolue vitro,
seu vis crystalli ferre novos calices. 30
hie age pampinea fessus requiesce sub umbra,
et gravidum roseo necte caput strophio,
formosum tenerae decerpens ora puellae.
a pereat, eui sunt prisca supercilia 1
quid cineri ingrato servas bene olentia serta ? 3.5
amie coronato vis lapide ista tegi ? **
'^ pone merum et talos. pereat, qui crastina curat .'
Mors aurem vellens ^ vivite ' ait, ^ vehio/ '*
** hue M : huic S,
*• Vestae Vo%s: vestrae.
*• varia M : vero S : vere L : vepria Ellin : veprum Haupt.
** nunc] te Paris 8205. ®* hie S : eia or hia.
" ore S.
'• ista] ossa Ilgen, tegi] legi Wemsdorff, who refers ista to
serta. ** Woitidst have them culled at the erowning of th}-
tomb?"
. '' Vollmcr gives this verse only to the traveller^ making
V, 38 an epilogue. Other editors carry the inn-keeper^s speech
through to the end.
450
CO PA
there are blood-red mulberries with grapes in heavy
clusters, and from its stalk hangs the blue-grey melon.
There is the cot's guardian,^ armed with sickle of
willow, but not to be feared is he, for all his huge
groin.
^^ " Come hither, priest of Cybele ! *^ Now thy
wearied ass is sweating ; spare him : the ass is Vesta's
delight.^ Now with constant song the cicalas rend '
the thickets;^ now the spotted lizard lurks in her
cool retreat : if thou art wise, lay thee down now
and steep thyself in a bowl of summer-time,^ or in
fresh crystal cups, if thou wishes t them brought.
Come ; rest here thy wearied frame . beneath the
shade of vines, and entwine thy heavy head in a
garland of roses, sweetly snatching kisses from a
tender maiden's lips. Ah ! away with him that has
the sternness of early days ! Why keepest the frag-
rant wreaths for thankless ashes? Wouldst have
those limbs covered with a crowned tombstone ? " '^
37 '^ Set forth the wine and dice ! Away with him
who heeds the morrow ! Death, plucking the ear,
cries : ' Live ; 1 come ! ' "
^ Priapus.
2 Used jocularly, the galli or priests of Cybele having a
reputation as vagabonds or beggars.
^ Because, according to the story, his braying warned
Vesta of an assault by JPriapus (r/. Ovid, Fasti, vi. 311 ff.)-
* cf, Oeorgicsy iii. 328. ^ i.e. one of unusual size.
^ Garlands were laid on tombstones ; cf, Propertius,
in. xvi. 23. The copa asks the traveller to have the
wreaths used for a feast, not for a funeral. He is supposed
to yield to her allurements, and, citing an Epicurean maxim,
to flin^ discretion to the winds.
451
Q o 2
MORETUM*
Ia« nox hibenuis bis qoinqne peregerat horas
excabitorqoe diem canta praedixerat ales^
Sinivlus esdgui cultor cum rusticus agri^
tristui Tenturae metuens ieiunia lacis^
membra levat vili sensim demissa grabato 5
sollicitaque manu tenebras explorat inertis
vestigatque focum, laesus quern denique sentit.
panmlus exosto ramanebat stipite fbmus
et cinis obdactae celabat lumina pnmae.
admovet bis pronam submissa fronte lucernam l o
et producit acu stuppas umore earentes,
excitat et crebris languentem flatibus ignem.
tandem concepto, sed vix, fulgore recedit,
oppositaque manu lumen defendit ab aura
et reserat clausae quae pervidet ostia clavis. 1 5
fusus erat terra frumenti pauper acervus :
hinc sibi depromit^ quantum mensura patebat^
quae bis in octonas excurrit pondere libras.
Inde abit adsistitque molae parvaque tabella,
quam fixam paries illos servabat in usus^ QO
' sentit H: sensit. * fumus] fomes Scdliger.
** sed \nx Bucheler: sed lux. ** clari IT.
* Besides F^ S, L, for which see note at the opening of
the Oulex, VoUmer cites P = Paris 16236 of the 10th cen-
tury ; D = Paris 7930 of the 11th century ; B = Vindob. 134
45S
MORETUM 1
Now had night completed ten of winter's hours^ and
with his crowing the sentinel cock had proclaimed
day's advent, when Simylus, the rustic tiller of a
meagre farm, fearful of stem hunger on the coming
morn, slowly, from the cheap pallet whereon they
were outstretched, uplifts his limbs, and with anxious
hand feels his way through the lifeless night, and
gropes for the hearth, which at last, not unscathed,
he finds. Prom a burnt>out log still lingered a tiny
stream of smoke, while ashes concealed the gleam
of buried coals. Bending low his head, to these he
applies his lamp aslant, draws out with a needle the
dried-up wick, and with many a puff wakes up the
sluggish fire. Rousing at last a gleam, though hard
the task, he draws back, and with sheltering hand
guards the light from the draught, while his key,
peeping through, unlocks the closet-door. On the
ground was outpoured a poor heap of corn : from this
he helps himself to as much as the measure, which
runs up to sixteen pounds in weight, would hold.
1® And now, faring forth, he takes his place at the
mill and on a tiny shelf, firmly fastened for such
* This idyll may be a rendering of a Greek p€)ein by Par-
thenius. The subject had already been handled by Suevius
early in the first century b.c.
of the 11th or 12th century ; and M (embracing two Munich
MSS., wand n, of the Uth or 12th century). Other MSS.
are cited by Ellis.
45S
'
VIRGIL
lumina fida locat. geminos turn veste lacertos
liberal et cinctus villosae tegmine caprae
penerrit cauda silices gremiumque molarum.
adviKrat inde manus operi^ jiartitus utrimque :
laeva ministeriOy dextra est intenta labori. 25
haec rotat adsiduum gjris et concitat orbem
(tunsa Ceres silicum rapido decurrit ab ictu),
interdum fessae suceedit laeva sorori
altematque ^ices. modo rustica cannina cantat
agrestique suum solatur voce laborem^ 30
interdum clamat Scjbalen. erat unica custos,
Afra genus, tota patriam testante figura,
torta comam labroque tumens et fusca colore,
pectore lata, iacens mammis, compressior alvo,
cruribos exilis, spatiosa prodiga planta. 35
continuis rimis calcanea scissa rigebant.
banc vooat atque arsiira focis imponere ligna
ini|ierat et flamma gelidos adolere liquores.
Postquam imple\it opus iustum versatile finem,
transfert inde manu tusas in cribra farinas 40
et quatit, ac remanent summo purgamina dorso.
subsidit sincera foraminibusque liquatur
emundata Ceres, levi turn protinus illam
componit tabula, tepidas super ingerit undas,
contrahit admixtos nunc fontes atque farinas, 45
transversal durata manu liquidoque coacto
interdum grumos spargit sale, iamque subactum
** tegmine S : tergore.
** admovet. utrimque If.: utrique (utrumque H).
*• ha«c] hinc It, adsiduis H, ^' calore.
'* pectora.
'* given hy H and aftw other MSS. btU commmdy regarded
(18 an interpolation.
*** transferat. inde] ilia, tusas Wclf: fusas.
*^ ac] h(a)ec : et. ** sincere. *^ emendata.
** fontes FRM: frondes PDSL. *' gremio.
454
MORETUM
needs on the wall, he sets his trusty light. Then
from his garment he frees his twin arms, and, girt
in shaggy goat's hide, with tail-brush he carefully
sweeps the stones and hollow of the mill. Next he
summons his two hands to work, dividing them be-
tween the two-fold tasks : the left is bent on serving
the grain, the right on plying the mill.^ This, in
constant round, turns and drives the wheel (the
grain, bruised by the stones' swift blows, runs
down) ; the left, at intervals, seconds her wearied
sister, and takes her turn. Anon he sings rustic
songs, and with rude strains solaces his toil ; at
times he shouts to Scybale. She was his only help,
African in stock, her whole form proclaiming her
country : her hair curly, her lips swollen and her
hue dusky, her chest broad, her breast hanging low,
her belly somewhat pinched, her legs thin, her feet
broad and ample. Her rough shoes were torn with
many a rent. Her he calls, and bids her place on the
fire fuel to bum, and over the flame heat cold water.
^^ Soon as the revolving mill has filled up the
measure due, his hand then transfers to a sieve the
bruised meal and shakes it, and lo ! the husks remain
on the upper side. The corn, clean and pure, sinks
down, filtering through the crevices. Then straight-
way on a smooth table he lays it out, pours o'er it
warm water, packs together the now mingled moisture
and meal, kneads it by hand till hardened and, the
liquid subdued, from time to time sprinkles the heap
with salt. And now he smooths off his vanquished
^ In ancient mills, corn was ground by means of two
stones, the lower of which, called metay was shaped like a
cone. The lower part of the upper stone fitted the meta like
a cap. Poured into a receptacle above, the com passed
through a small hole above the meta, and was ground on
the sides of the latter.
455
VIRGIL
levat opus palmisque suum dilatat in orbem
et natat impressis aequo discrimine quadris.
infert inde foco (Scybale mundaverat aptum 50 /
ante locum) testisque tegit; super aggerat ignis. 1
dumque suas peragit Volcanus Vestaque partes^
Simylus interea vacua non cessat in hora^
verum aliam sibi quaerit opem^ neu sola palate
sit non grata Ceres^ quas iungat comparat escas. 55
non illi suspensa focum carnaria iuxta^
durati sale terga suis truncique vacabant^
traiectus medium sparto sed caseus orbem
et vetus adstricti fascis pendebat anethi.
ergo aliam molitur opem sibi providus heros. 60
Hortus erat iunctus casulae, quern vimina pauca
et calamo rediviva levi munibat harundo^
exiguus spatio^ variis sed fertilis herbis.
nil illi derate quod pauperis exigit usus ;
interdum locuples a panpere plura petebat. 65
nee sumptus erat ulHus^ sed regula curae :
si quando vacuum casula pluviaeve tenebant
festave lux^ si forte labor cessabat aratri^
horti opus illud erat. varias disponere plantas
norat et occultae committere semina terrae 70
vicinosque apte cura submittere rivos.
hie holus^ hie late fundentes bracchia betae
fecundusque rumex malvaeque inulaeque virebant^
hie siser et nomen capiti debentia porra^
[hie etiam nocuum capiti gelidumque papaverj 75
grataque nobilium requies lactuca ciborum^
*® focos. ** carnalia.
*° heros] aeris SL : herbis Ribheck.
•* redimita H. •* plura] multa It,
** ullius (ullus or huius^ opus A : MdMy deleted opus : illud
opus Ellis, Curcio. recula JRibbeck.
'* This verse is lackiny in the oldest MSS,
*56
MOBETUM
work, with open palms broadens it into its rounded
form, and marks it in four parts^ stamped in equal
divisions.^ Then he puts it in the hearth (Scybale
first had cleaned a fitting place), and covers it with
tiles, heaping np the fire above. And while Vulcan
and Vesta are playing their part, Simylus meanwhile
in that idle hour is not slack, but seeks for himself
another resource, and lest Ceres alone should not
please the palate, he gathers dainties to add thereto.
Near his hearth no larder hung from the ceiling;
gammons and slices of bacon dried and salted were
wanting, but old cheeses, their rounded surface
pierced midway with rushes, were suspended in
baskets of close-woven fennel. Thereibrc the pru-
dent hero toils to provide himself with another
resource.
®^ Adjoining the cottage was a garden, sheltered
by a few osiers and reeds of slender stalk, ever
springing up afresh : small in extent, but rich in
various herbs. Naught did it lack that a poor man's
need demands ; at times the wealthy would turn to
the poor man's stock for more. And naught did he
spend thereon, but his daily toil was his guide: if
ever rains or a holiday kept him idle in his cottage ;
if perchance the labouring plough was idle, that
time fell to tlie garden. He knew how to set out
various plants, to entrust seeds to the hidden soil,
and about his plots to train some rills, conveniently
near. Here throve cabbage, here beets, their arms
far outspread, with rich sorrel, mallows, and ele-
campane; here skirret and leeks, that owe their
name to the heady^ and lettuce that brings pleasing
* c/. Aen. vn. 115.
2 The pamim capitatum as contrasted with the porrum
nedilef the latter being our cut -leek or chives.
457
VIRGIL
crescitque in acumina radix
et gravis in latum demissa cucurbita ventrem.
verum hie non domini (quis enim contractior illo ?)^
sed populi proventus erat, nonisque diebus SO
venalis umero fascis portabat in urbem :
inde domum cervice levis, gravis acre redibat,
vix umquam iirbani comitatus merce macelli.
caepa rubens sectique famem domat area porri^
quaeque trahunt acri voltus nasturtia morsu, 8.5
iiitibaque et Venerem revocans eruca morantem.
Tunc quoque tale aliquid meditans intraverat
hortum.
ac primum, leviter digitis tellure refossa^
quattuor educit cum spissis alia fibris ;
inde comas apii gracilis rutamque rigentem go
veil it et exiguo coriandra trementia filo.
haec ubi collegit, laetum consedit ad ignem
et clara famulam poscit mortaria voce,
singula tum capitum nodoso cortice nudat
et summis spoliat coriis contemptaque passim 95
spargit humi atque abicit. servatum gramiue bulbum
tinguit aqua lapidisque cavum dimittit in orbem.
his salis inspargit micas^ sale durus adeso
caseus adicitur, dictas super ingerit herbas,
et laeva vestem saetosa sub inguina fulcit^ 100
dextera pistillo primum fragrantia mollit
alia, tum pariter mixto terit omnia suco.
it man us in gyrum : paulatim singula vires
'^ Inferior MSS. attempt to remedy the defective verse thus
(e.g.) : plurinia crescit ibi surgitque in acumina radix.
'® dimissa. ®® profecbus.
®^ humore : holerum. ®* vacuus (-a) mercede.
^^ virentem, H, *^ laetus It.
•• adicit n. in germine Schrader.
•* ingerit JF^H: inserit: intent EUis.
^»« inguine S^L.
458
MORETUM
relief to sumptuous banquets ; ^ here sharp-pointed
radish, and the heavy gourd, that swells into its
Ijroad belly. But this crop was not for the owner
(for who more frugal than he ?) but for the people ;
and every ninth day on his shoulders he would carry
faggots to town for sale. Thence he would home
return, light of neck, but heavy of pocket, and
seldom attended by the city-market's wares. His
hunger red onion tames, and his plot of cut-leek,
and nasturtium that with sharp taste pinches the
face, and endive, and cole-wort that calls back a
lagging love.
^'^ At this hour, too, w4th some such plan in his
thoughts had he entered the garden. At first,
lightly digging up the ground with his fingers, he
draws out four garlic bulbs with thick fibres, then
plucks slender parsley-leaves and unbending rue,
and coriander, trembling on its scanty stalk. These
culled, he sat down by the pleasant fire, and loudly
calls to the maid for a mortar. Then he strips the
single heads of their rough membranes, and despoils
them of the outermost skins, scattering about on
the ground the parts thus slighted and casting them
away. The bulb, saved with the leaves, he dips in
water, and drops into the mortar's hollow circle.
Thereon he sprinkles grains of salt, adds cheese
hardened with consuming salt, and heaps on top the
herbs we have named; and while his left hand
gathers up the tunic about his shaggy flanks, his
right first crushes with a pestle the fragrant garlic,
then grinds all evenly in the juicy mixture. Round
and round passes the hand: little by little the ele-
* Lettuce was eaten at the close of a feast, though from
the time of Martial it appeared at the beginning ; cf.
Martial, xiii. xiv.
459
VIRGIL
deperdunt proprias^ color est e pluribus unas^
nee totus viridis, quia lactea frusta repugnant, 1 0:
iiec de lacte nitens^ quia tot variatur ab herbis.
saepe viri naris acer iaculatur apertas
spiritus et simo damhat sua prandia voltu,
saepe manu summa lacrimantia lumina target
immeritoqae furens dicit convicia fiimo. ] ]0
Procedebat opus : non iam salebrosus^ ut ante,
sed gravior lentos ibat pistillus in orbis.
ergo Palladii guttas instillatolivi
exiguique super vires infundit aeeti
atque iterum commiscet opus mixtumque retractat. 1 1 j
tum demum digitis mortaria tota duobus
circuit inque globum distantia contrahit unum,
constat ut effecti species nomenque moreti.
Eruit interea Scybale quoque seduJa paiien)^
quern laetus recipit manibus^ pulsoque timore 120
iam famis inque diem securus Simylus illam,
ambit crura ocreis paribus^ tectusque galero
sub iuga parentis cogit lorata iuvencos^ »
atque agit in segetes et terrae condit aratrum.
105 frastra. lo^ tergit D^RM,
m non SL: nee. "* lentus P8L. orbem RJt,
"« laetus] lotis It. ^^ abit P.
460
MORETUM
Txients lose their peculiar strength ; the many colours
l>lend into one, yet neither is this wholly green, for
milk-Avhite fragments still resist, nor is it a shining
ixiilky-white, for it is varied by so many herbs.
Often the strong odour smites the man's open
nostrils, and with wrinkled nose he condemns his
breakfast fare, often drawing the back of his hand
across his tearful eyes, and cursing in anger the
innocent smoke.
^^^ The work goes on apace : no longer in uneven
course, as before, but heavier in weight, the pestle
moves on in slower circles. Therefore he lets fall
upon it some drops of Minerva's oil, pouring o'er it
strong vinegar in scanty stream, then once more
stirs up the dish and handles the mixture afresh.
And now at length he passes two fingers round all
the mortar, and into one ball packs the sundry pieces,
so that, in reality as in name, there is fashioned a
perfect moretum}
^^^ Meanwhile Scybale too, industrious maid, draws
forth the bread, which he gladly welcomes to his
hands ; and now that fear of hunger is driven away,
care-free for the day, Simylus dons his well-matched
leggings and sheltering cap, forces his submissive
bullocks under their leather- bound yokes, and drives
tliem to the fields, there in the earth burying his
plough.
^ Thus is designated the rustic dish of herbs, which forms
the subject of this curious sketch. Another reference to the
morttum in Latin literature is in Ovid, Fasti, iv. 367, where
we learn that the mixture was used at the feasts of Cybele.
A prose description is given in Columella (xii. 57).
46 L
DIRAE *
Battark, cycneas repetamus carmine voces :
divisas iterum sedes at rura canamus^
rura^ quibus diras indiximus^ impia vota.
ante lupos rapient haedi^ vituli ante leones^
delphini fugient piscis^ aquilae ante eolumbas^
et eonversa retro rerum discordia gliscet —
multa prius fient quam non mea libera aveiia.
montibus et silvis dicam tua facta, Lycurge.
" Impia Trinacriae sterilescant gaudia vobis
nee fecunda, senis nostri felicia rura, lo
semina parturiant segetes, non pascua colles,
non arbusta novas fruges, non pampinus uvas,
ipsae non silvae frond es, non flumina montes."
Rursus et hoc iterum repetamus, Battare, carmen :
" Effetas Cereris sulcis condatis avenas, 1 5
palb'da flavescant aestu sitientia prata,
immatura cadant ramis pendentia mala ;
' rura H: dura. * rapiunt M : -ant FL.
' avena SFL : sata (fata) M. * fata MF,
1® uostris M. ** sulci It.
* The principal MSS. cited are M (see note at tlie opening
of the Moretum) and S^ F, L (see note at the opening of
the Culex), For Z and H see note at the opening of the
Ciria.
462
DIRAE ^
O Battarus,^ let us repeat the notes of the swan :
again let us sing our divided homes and lands — those
lands whereon we have pronounced our curses, unholy
prayers. Sooner shall kids prey upon wolves, sooner
calves upon lions; sooner shall dolphins flee before
fishes, sooner eagles before doves, and a world-chaos,
again returning, shall burst forth — yea, many things
shall befall, sooner than my shepherd's reed shall be
enslaved. To the mountains and woods will I tell
thy deeds, Lycurgus.^
^ *^ Unholy and unblest, may Trinacria's joys be-
come barren for thee and thy fellows, and may the
fruitful seeds in our old master s rich lands give birth
to no corn-crops, the hills to no pastures, the trees to
no fresh fruits, the vines to no grapes, the very woods
to no leafage, the mountains to no streams ! '*
^* Once more and yet again, O Battarus, let us
repeat this strain :
"Outworn may the oats of Ceres be that ye
bury in the furrows ; pale and wan may the meadows
become, parched with heat; unripened may the
drooping apples fall from the boughs ! Let leaves
^ This imprecatory poem belongs to the beginning of the
Augustan age, and was apparently inspired by the distribution
of lands in 41 B.C. Inasmuch as Virgil lost his estate at this
time, the poem was easily assigned to him. See vol. i p. vii.
^ Nothing is known of Battarus. He was perhaps a neigh-
bour, who, like the poet, was dispossessed of his farm.
^ LycurguB is one of the soldiers who have taken possession
of the poet's land, cf, the plur. in 11. 9 and 10.
463
VIRGIL
desint et silvis frondes et fontibus umor^
nee desit nostris devotum carmen avenis. ,
haec Veneris vario florentia serta decore, 20 ' ^
purpureo campos quae pingunt verna colore
(hinc aurae dulces, hinc suavis spiritus agri)
mutent pestiferos aestus et taetra venena ;
dulcia non oculis, non auribus ulla ferantur/'
Sic precor et nostris supcreiit haec carmina votis : 25
'' Lusibus et nostris multum cantata libellis
optima silvarum, formosis densa virectis,
tondebis viridis umbras : nee laeta comantis
iactabis mollis ramos inflantibus auris.
nee mihi saepe meum resonabit, Battare, carmen. 30
militis impia cum succidet dextera ferro
formosaeque cadent umbrae, formosior illis
ipsa cades^ veteris domini felicia ligna.
nequiquam ! nostris potius devota libellis^
ignibus aetheriis flagrabis. luppiter (ipse 3.5
luppiter banc aluit), cinis haec tibi fiat oportet.
Thraecis tum Boreae spirent immania vires,
Eurus agat mixtam fulva caligine nubem,
Af ricus immineat nimbis minitantibus imbrem,
cum tua cyaneo resplendens aethere silva 40
non iterum discet, crebro quae, Lydia, dixtL
vicinae flammae rapiant ex ordine vitis,
^* carmen] gramcn M.
** pingunt verna Heinsiua : pingit avena.
^^ mittent M. *• lusibns Putsch : ludimas.
^ tondebis Gronovins : tondeiniis (tundemus or tondentur)
** succedet H : succaedet Eliis. ** cadent //. : cadnnt.
'* ipse, regna M. **• flagrabis It. : flagrabit.
'" tibi] a love MaeUy (haec omitted).
*® til cyaneo resplendes Vollmer.
*^ discet crebro quae etc. Eakuchi : dicens A; dices It.
crebro itf; erebo L: nee ero ** tua," Lydia, dici EUia: quae
Eskuch^ : tua dixti (dixi).
464
DIRAE
ail the woods, water fail the streams, but let the
train that curses fail not my reeds! May these
loAvery garlands of Venus, with their varied beauties,
Arhich in spring-time paint the fields with brilliant
mies (hence, ye sweet breezes ; hence, ye fragrant
odours of the field!) — may they change to blasting
heats and loathsome poisons ; may nothing sweet to
eyes, nothing sweet to ears be wafted ! "
25 Thus I pray, and in our prayers may these
strains abound !
** O thou best of woods, oft sung in our playful
songs and verses, thou beauteous in thy wealth of
green, thou shalt shear thy green shade : neither shalt
thou boast of thy soft boughs* joyous leafage, as the
breezes blow among them,^ nor, O Battarus, shall it
oft resound for me with my song. When with his axe
the soldier's impious hand shall fell it, and the lovely
shadows fall, thyself, more lovely than they, shalt fall,
the old owner's happy timber. Yet all for naught !
Rather, accursed by our verses, thou shalt burn with
heaven's fires. O Jupiter ('twas Jupiter himself
nurtured this wood), this must thou turn into ashes !
^ "Then let the strength of the Thracian North
blow his mighty blasts ; let the East drive a cloud
with lurid darkness mixed ; let the South-West
menace with storm-clouds threatening rain, when
thy woodland, gleaming in the dark-blue sky, shall
not learn again what thou, O Lydia,^ hast often
uttered! Let neighbouring flames in order seize
^ Ellis takes auris as dative : *' toss to the gales that blow
music iuto thy soft-swaying branches."
* Lydia is the poet's sweetheart.
465
VOL. II. H H
VIRGIL
pascantur segetes, diflfiisis ignibus aaras
transvolet^ arboribus coniungat et ardor aristas.
pertica qua nostros metata est Impia ag-ellos^ 4
qua nostri fiaes olim, cinis omnia fiat."
Sic precor et nostris superent haec carmina votis :
" Undae^ quae vestris pulsatis litora lymphis^
litora^ quae dulcis auras diffunditis agris,
accipite has voces : migret Neptunus in arva .m<
fluctibus et spissa campos perfundat hareoa.
qua Volcanus agros pastus lovis ignibus arsit^
barbara dicatur Libycae soror altera Syrtis."
Tristius hoc, memini, revocasti, Battare, camnen :
" Nigro multa mari dicunt portenta natare_, 5J
monstra repentinis terrentia saepe figuris,
cum subito emersere furenti corpora ponto :
haec agat infesto Neptunus caeca tridenti^
atrum convertens aestum maris undique ventis
et fuscum cinerem canis exhauriat undis. 60
dicantur mea rura ferum mare ; nauta, caveto
rura, quibus diras indiximus, impia vota."
Si minus haec, Neptune, tuas infundimus auris,
Battare, fluminibus tu nostros trade dolores ;
nam tibi sunt fontes, tibi semper flumina arnica. 6.
nil est quod perdam ulterius ; merito omnia Ditis.
"Flectite currentis nymphas, vaga flumina, retro,
flectite et adversis rursum diiFundite campis ;
*' auras HeinsiiLS : aurae. ** ardor It. : arbor.
*« fiant H.
^* arsit Ribhech : arcet : ardet Scodiger,
** revocasti H : revocaRset fl.
^' ferenti S, ^® infesto It. : infesta.
®* tuas Heinsius : tuis. ®* nostris M.
«* flumina semper S. *• em quod pergam ulteris S
466
ty —
DIRAE
upon the vines, let the crops become their food,
let the blaze in scattered fires wing its way athwart
the breezes, and link the corn-ears with the trees !
Where the unholy rod measured our fields, where
once were our boundaries, let all become ashes I "
^'^ Thus I pray, and in our prayers may these
strains abound !
^^ O waves, that with your waters beat the shores ;
O shores, that o'er the fields scatter sweet breezes,
give ear to these cries. Let Neptune with his waves
pass to the tilth, and with thick sand cover the fields !
Where Vulcan, feeding on the lands, has burned with
heaven's fires, be it called a sister of the Libyan sand,
a second Syrtis ! "
^^ This sadder strain, O Battarus, I remember thou
didst recall ;
" Many fearsome things, they say, swim in the
black sea — monsters that oft-times terrify with forms
unlooked for, when suddenly they have reared their
bodies from out the raging deep. These hidden
things may Neptune chase with threatening trident,
on all sides upturning with the winds the murky sea-
surge, and in his hoary waves swallowing the swarthy
ashes ! ^ Let my lands be called the savage sea ; be-
ware, O sailor, of lands, whereon we have pronounced
our curses, unholy prayers ! "
^3 If this, O Neptune, we do not pour into thy
ears, do thou, O Battarus, consign our sorrows to the
streams ; for to thee the springs, to thee the streams
are ever friendly. No further ruin can I effect ^ ; to
Dis all belongs of right.
"Turn back your running waters, ye roving
streams; turn back, and pour them again over the
* i.e. left by the fire described above.
2 i.e. by my curses.
467
u H 2
VIRGIL
incurrant amnes passim rimantibus undis
nee nostros servire sinant erronibus agros." 70
Dulcius hoc, memini, revocasti, Battare, carmen :
" Emanent subito sicca tellure paludes
et metat hie iuncos, spicas ubi legimus olim ;
cogulet arguti grylli cava garrula rana."
Tristius hoc rursum dicit mea fistula carmen : 75
'' Praecipitent altis fumantes montibus imbres,
et late teneant difFuso gurgite eampos,
qui dominis infesta minantes stagna relinquant.
cum delapsa meos agros pervenerit unda,
piscetur nostris in finibus ad vena arator, 80
advena, civili qui semper crimine crevit/*
O male devoti praetorum crimine agelli,
tuque inimica pii semper Discordia civis :
exsul ego indemnatus egens mea rura reliqui,
miles ut accipiat funesti praemia belli. 85
hine ego de tumulo mea rura novissima visam,
hinc ibo in silvas ; obstabunt iam mihi colles,
obstabunt montes, campos audire licebit :
" Dulcia rura valete, et Lydia dulcior illis,
et easti fontes et felix nomen agelli.** 90
Tardius a miserae descendite monte capellae :
moUia non iterum carpetis pabula nota ;
tuque resiste pater, en prima novissima nobis,
intueor campos : longum manet esse sine illis.
'® servire B^: exire ML. " iungos spicos 8.
'* cogulet L: occultet S : occupet It.
^^ qui It. : quid dominus S. relinquunt.
^* cum delapsa meos Reitzewttein : unde (undae) ZMS:
lapsa (elapsa) meos LM.
*<• pascetur S. ®* crimina 5.
" pii EUia: tui. »« en It. : et : sit Birt.
'^ esses L,
468
\
DIRAE
opposing fields: let brooks from all sides rush in
with deep-cleaving waters, nor let them suffer our
lands to be enslaved to vagabonds!"
^^ This sweeter strain, O Battarus, I remember
thou didst recall :
'*Let marshes from parched ground suddenly spring
forth, and, where once we gathered corn-ears, let
this man reap rushes ; let the croaking frog sour the
chirping cricket's hollow lairs I '*
^* This sadder strain my pipe gives forth in turn :
''From high mountains let rains rush streaming
down, and with outspread flood widely possess the
plains; then with menace of evil to their lords let
them leave stagnant pools ! When the wave, gliding
down, reaches my fields, then let the stranger plough-
man fish within my bounds — the stranger, who has
ever waxed rich through citizens condemned ! '*
^2 O ye fields accursed, ye that the praetors have
condemned! and thou, O Discord, ever the foe of
righteous citizens ! I, a needy exile, though uncon-
demned, have left my fields, that a soldier may receive
the wages of deadly war. From this mound will I
look my last upon my lands ; from this will I pass to
the woods ; soon will the hills, soon will the mount-
ains impede my view, but the plains will be able to
hear:
"Sweet lands, farewell ! and thou, Lydia, farewell,
sweeter than they, and ye, pure fountains, and ye
fields of happy name ! **
®^ Ah ! more slowly come down from the hill, ye
poor she-goats : never again shall ye browse on the
soft pastures that ye know so well ; and do thou, sire
of the flock, stay behind ! Lo, upon the plains, my
first and last possession, I gaze : long must I be reft
of them 1
469
i
VIRGIL
" Rura valete iterum^ tuque optima Lydia salve, 95
sive eris et si non, mecum morieris utrumque."
Extremum carmen revocemus, Battare, avena :
" Dulcia amara prius fient et mollia dura,
Candida nigra oculi cernent et dextera laeva,
migrabunt casus aliena in corpora rerum, 100
quam tua de nostris emigret cura medullis.
quamvis ignis eris, quamvis aqua, semper amabo :
gaudia semper enim tua me meminisse licebit.''
»« fient It. : fiant.
®® cernent It. : cernant ML.
*°2 quamvis nix aderit uh {Ellis).
470
DIRAE
'* Once more, ye fields, farewell, and fare thee
well, good Lydia ; whether thou wilt live, or not, in
either case thou wilt die with me ! "
^^ Our last strain, O Battarus, let us recall on the
reed !
" Sweet shall become bitter, and soft hard ; eyes
shall see white as black, and right as left ; atoms
of things shall pass into bodies of other kinds, ere
regard for thee pass from my heart.^ Though fire,
though water thou shalt be, ever will I love thee,
for ever will it be permitted to think upon thy
joys!"
* By c(Z8tis rerum he means the dissolution of things ; hence
the atoms of a body, which, when reunited, form objects of
a different kind. This is therefore a reference to the atomic
theory of the Epicureans.
471
LYDIA*
Invioko vobis^ agri formosaque prata,
hoc formosa magis, mea quod formosa puella
est vobU : tacite nostrum suspirat amorem.
V09 nunc ilia videt, vobis mea Lydia ludit,
vos nunc alloquitur^ vos nunc arridet ocellis 3
et mea submissa meditatur carmina voce^
cantat et interea^ mihi quae cantabat in aurem.
In video vobis, ^Rfi^ discetis amare.
O fortunati nimium multumque beati^
in quibus ilia pedis nivei vestigia ponet 10
aut roseis viridem digitis decerpserit uvam
(dulci namque tumet nondum vitecula Baccho)
aut inter varies, Veneris stipendia, flores
membra reclinarit teneramque illiserit herbam,
et secreta meos furtim narrabit amores. 1 .5
gaudebunt silvae, gaudebunt mollia prata,
et gelidi fontes, aviumque silentia fient.
tardabunt rivi labentes (sistite l3anphae),
diim mea iucundas exponat cura querelas.
■ quod SL : quo Af.
■ est vobis] in vobis Heinsius : ex vobis Ellis.
** digitis viridem SL, *• dulci H : dulcia.
^' veneris H : venerem A. stipendia SL : spumantia M :
dispendia or stipantia It.
»« deolinarit. ** narrabis.
*• sistite u h : curri te commovdy read : lapsantes gurgite EUis,
• The MSS. give the Lydia in sequence to the Dirae
without separate title. Jaoobs first separated the two.
472
LYDIA'
I ENVY you, ye fields and lovely meads, for this more
lovely that my lovely girl is yours : in silence she
sighs for my love. You it is she now sees, with you
my Lydia plays, to you she now makes speech, on
you she now smiles with those dear eyes, and cons
my songs with voice subdued, and sings the while
those strains she was wont to sing into my ear.
^ I envy you, ye fields ; ye will learn to love. O
fields, too happy, yea, much blest, in which she will
set her snowy footsteps, or with rosy fingers will
pluck the green grape (for not yet swells the little
vine with sweet juice), or amid varied flowers, tribute
to Venus, she will lay down her limbs and crush the
tender grass, and apart by herself will stealthily re-
count the tale of my love. The woods will rejoice, the
soft meadows and cool springs will rejoice, and the
birds will make a silence. The gliding brooks will
pause (stay, ye waters !) till my heart sets forth its
sweet complaints.
^ This sentimental lament is independent of the DiraCy but
came to be associated with that poem because the name
"Lydia" is common to both compositions.
473
VIRGIL
Invideo vobis, agri : mea gaudia habetis^ 20
et vobis nunc est mea quae fuit ante voluptas.
at mihi tabescunt morientia membra dolore,
et calor infuso decedit frigore mortis,
quod mea non mecum domina est. non ulla puella
doctior in terris fuit aut formosior ; ac si 25
fabula non vana est, tauro love digna vel auro
(luppiter avertas aurem) mea sola puella est.
Felix taure, pater magni gregis et decus, a te
vaccula non umquam secreta cubilia captans
frustra te patitur silvis mugire dolorem. 30
et pat^r haedorum felix semperque beate,
sive petis montis praeruptos, saxa pererrans,
sive tibi silvis nova pabula fastidire
sive libet campis : tecum tua laeta capella est.
et mas quacumque est, illi sua femina iuncta 35
interpellatos numquam ploravit amores.
cur non et nobis facilis, natura, fuisti ?
cur ego crudelem patior tam saepe dolorem ?
Sidera per viridem redeunt cum pallida mundum^
inque vicem Phoebi currens abit aureus orbis, 40
Luna, tuus tecum est : cur non est et mea mecum ?
Luna, dolor nosti quid sit : miserere dolentis.
Phoebe, gerens nam iaurus celebravit amorem ;
et quae pompa deum, non silvis fama, locuta est }
(omnia vos estis) secum sua gaudia gestat 4>5
^^ mihi Aldine edition 1517 : male (mala), tabescunt It, :
tabescant. ** ulla H : ilia.
** silvis L : silvas 8 : si vis M.
** quacumque Ellis : quocumque (quicunque It. ).
'' fuisti Salmanus : fuisset.
*® currens abit EahuclU : currens atque : coiens atque Ellis,
*^ tuus h : tui.
*' nam Ellis • in te. celebravit MFL : celebrabis Scaliger,
** quae] qua est Vollmer. non It. : nisi Xl.
474
LYDIA
2^ I envy you, ye fields ; my joys ye possess, and
noMT ye have her, who aforetime was my delight.
But my dying limbs are wasting with grief, and
Avarmth fails me, steeped in the chill of death,
because my mistress is not with me. No girl on
earth was more skilled or more lovely ; and, if the
tale be not false, then worthy of Jupiter as bull or
as gold^ (turn thine ear aside, O Jupiter!), is my
girl alone.
28 O happy bull, sire and pride of the mighty herd,
never does the heifer, seeking stalls apart, suffer thee
to low thy grief vainly to the woods. And thou,
sire of the kids, happy and ever blest, whether thou,
roaming o'er the rocks, seekest the steepy mountains
or whether, in woods or on plains, it please thee to
scorn fresh forage : with thee is thy happy mate.
And wherever is a male, with him is ever joined his
mate, and never has he bewailed an interrupted love.
Why, O Nature, hast thou not with us too been kind r
Why so oft do I suffer cruel grief?
39 When through the green heavens the pale stars
come back, and in turn the golden orb of Phoebus
departs on his course, thy love,^ O Moon, is with
thee : why is not mine also with me ? O Moon, thou
knowest what grief is : pity one who grieves. For he
who bears thee,^ O Phoebus, celebrates love for the
laurel ; and what procession has told the story of a
god, when fame has not told it in the woods ? A god
(ye gods are everywhere) carries his joys * with him,
^ A reference to the myths of Europa and Danae.
'^ Endymion, whom Luna visited on Mount Latmos.
^ i.e. thy image in procession. Daphne, fleeing from the
attention of Phoebus Apollo, was changed into a laurel.
* e.g. Apollo carries with him the laurel, and Pan his
pipes.
475
VIRGIL
aot insparsa videt mnndo: quae dicere longum est.
aurea quin etiam cum saecula volvebantur
condicio similisque foret mortalibus illis^
haec quoque praetereo : notum Minoidos astrum
quaeque vinim virgo^ sicut captiva^ secuta est. .50
laedere, caelicolae^ potuit vos nostra quid aetas^
condicio nobis vitae quo durior esset ?
Ausus ego primus castos violare pudores^
sacratamque meae vittam temptare puellae^
inimatura mea cogor nece solvere fata ? 55
istius atque utinam facti mea culpa magistra
prima foret : letum vita mihi dulcius esset^
non mea, non ullo moreretur tempore fama^
dulcia cum Veneris furatus gaudia primum
dicerer, atque ex me dulcis foret orta voluptas. 60
nam mihi non tantum tribuerunt invida fata^
auctor ut occulti noster foret error amoris.
luppiter ante^ sui semper mendacia factus^
cum lunone^ prius coniunx quam dictus uterque est^
gaudia libavit dulcem furatus amorem ^ 65
et moechum tenera gavisa est laedere in herba
purpureos flores, quos insuper accumbebat^
Cypria, formoso supponens bracchia coUo.
tum, credo, fuerat Mavors distentus in armis,
nam certe Volcanus opus faciebat, et ille 70
tristi turpabat malam ac fuligine barbam.
*• foret] fuit Bibbeck. *' egon It.
^* vittam AscensitLs 1507 : vitam.
'' mea Haupt : me or meae. fata MFL : facta S.
" facti ML : fati F: facta S. »• ullo] nullo.
•^ invida fata Heinsius : impia vota. •• sui] oui Gurcio.
** moechum Baehrena : mecum (mea cum).
•' occumbebat F. •• bracchia It. : gaudia n.
'0 ille Petry (Curcio) : iUi.
^^ malam ac Vollmer : mala {unthotU ac).
476
LYDIA
or sees them scattered through the world — to tell
these would be a tedious task. Nay more, when the
golden ages rolled their course^ and mortals of those
days were under like conditions — this also I pass
over : well we know the star of Minos' daughter,
and the maiden who, as captive, followed her lord.^
Wherein, O denizens of heaven, could our age have
injured you, that therefore life's conditions should
be harder for us ?
^ Was I the first who dared to sully the chaste
purity and assail the hallowed fillet ^ of his love, that
by my death I am forced to pay the due of an untimely
Fate ? And O that my fault were the first prompter
of that deed ! Then were death sweeter to me than
life. No, not mine the fame that at any time would
die, for 'twould be said that I first had stolen Love's
sweet joys, and from me had sprung that sweet
pleasure. Nay, the envious fates have not granted
me a boon so great, that our misdeed should be the
beginning of secret love.
^^ Of yore Jupiter, who could at all times counter-
feit false forms of himself, along with Juno, ere either
was called a spouse, tasted the stolen joys of sweet
love. The Cyprian, too, rejoiced that on the tender
grass her lover ^ crushed the brilliant flowers whereon
she lay, as she threw her arms about his lovely neck.
At that time Mars, methinks, had been detained in
warfare, for as to Vulcan, he too, surely, was busy at
work, and with unsightly soot was defiling cheek and
^ Ariadne, daughter of Minos, fled from Crete with Theseus,
who abandoned her in Naxos. Dionysus, who found her
there, raised her to the stars.
'^ i.e. the ribbon worn by free-born women, whether
maidens or married.
' Adonis.
477
VIRGIL
non Aurora novos etiam ploravit amores,
atque mbens oculos roseo celavit amictu ?
talia caebcolae. numquid minus aurea proles ?
ergo quod deus atque heros, cur non minor aetas ? 75
Infelix ego, non illo qui tempore natus,
quo facilis natura fuit. sors o mea laeva
nascendi, miserumque genus, quo sera libido est.
tantam Fata meae earnis fecere rapinam,
ut maneam, quod vix oculis cognoscere )K»ssis. 80
•' rubeo. '* proles Vonck: promo.
'* quo] quoi Natke.
'* tantam fata meae Heirmtis: tantura vita meae (tanta
meae vitae). earnis Baehrens : cordis : cortis ElHa. rapinamj
rninam Heitmns.
478
LYDIA
1t>eard. Has not Aurora, too, bewailed new loves,*
and blushingly hidden her eyes in her roseate
mantle ? Thus have the denizens of heaven done :
and the golden age, did it do less ? Therefore what
gods and heroes have done, why should not a later
age do?
'^^ Unhappy I, who was not bom in those days when
Nature was kind ! O my luckless birth-lot, and O the
wretched race, in which desire is laggard ! Such
havoc have the Fates made of my life, that what
remains of me your eyes could scarcely recognize.
* Her old love was for Tithonus ; her new one was for
Orion, who was killed by Diana's arrows.
479
PRIAPEA
I
*
\'ere rosa, auturano pomis, aestate frequentor
spicis : una mihi est horrida pestis hiemps.
nam frigus metuo, et vereor ne ligneus ignem
hie deus ignaris praebeat agrieolis.
II
Ego haec, ego arte fabricata rustiea,
ego arida^ o viator, eece populus
agellulum hunc, sinistra et ante quern vides,
erique villulam hortulumque pauperis
tuor malaque furis arceo manu. t
Mihi corolla picta vere ponitur
mihi rubens arista sole fervido,
mihi virente dulcis uva pampino,
mihi gelata duro oliva frigore.
T 1 autamno pomis MSS, : pomis autumno Lachmann.
* iftnavis Voss, accepted by Ribbeck, Baehreiis, Vollmer.
TT « 0 r*.-* oniitted n.
. iiMnm u ' acellum n. sinistra et ante Hafid : sinistra
*?; i^L^B/. * tuor It. Wagner: tueor n.
VoiU^atanwm;^.^.- ^^^^^ ^^.^^ ^^j.^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^.^^
% So Dvri- ^^ mihique glauca {or duro) oliva cocta
tagpte cocia) ^ .;'. ^jj^^uca oliva, cocta frigore JSllia: mihi
^««» ^uca oUva uig^^^
^oo cited are B and Z, for which see
•^^ ^t\^ ^7^:^^ Giris. Z embraces H, A, and R.
4, *».i-afe<«Bffl^^^^'*
-'««
PRIAPEA
In spring I am covered with roses, in autumn with
fruits, in summer with ears of corn : winter alone is
to me a horrid plague. For the cold I dread, and
am afraid that your god of wood may furnish fuel to
heedless husbandmen.^
112
Lo ! *tis I, O wayfarer, I, wrought with rustic skill,
I, this dry poplar, that guard this little field thou
seest in front and to the left, with the poor owner's
cottage and small garden, and that shield them from
the wicked hand of thieves.
^ On me in spring is placed a garland gay ; on me,
in the scorching sun, the ruddy corn ; on me the
luscious grapes with tendrils green ; on me the olive,
when chilled by winter s cold.^
^ The first three poems are Priapeay i.e. verses in honour
of the god Priapus. The opening one, in elegiac couplets, is
composed as if to be set up as an inscription on a wooden
image of the god. In all three Priapus is himself the speaker
(hie deuSf like hie homo = ego).
^ The verse of the original is the pure iambic trimeter.
* Olives were picked during a frost.
For other MSS. see Ellis. The title PHapea does not occur
in the MSS., and in Z the title Oatalepton is put at the head
of the Priapea.
481
VOL ir. II
VIRGIL
Meis capella delicata pascuis Ii
in urbem adulta lacte portat ubera^
meisque pinguis agnus ex ovilibus
gravem domum remittit aere dexteram^
teneraque matre mugiente vaccula
deum profiindit ante templa sanguinem. 15
Proin, viator^ hunc deum vereberis
manumque sursum habebis : hoc tibi expedite
parata namque crux stat ecce mentula.
'^velim pol^" inquis. at pol ecce vilicus
venit, valente cui revolsa bracchio '20
fit ista mentula apta clava dexterae.
Ill
Hung ego^ o iuvenes^ locum villulamque palustrem^
tectam vimine iunceo caricisque maniplis,
quercus arida rustica formitata securi^
nutrior ; magis et magis fit beata quotannis.
huius nam domini colunt me deumque salutant 5
pauperis tuguri pater filiusque adulescens^
alter assidua col ens diligentia^ ut herbae^
aspera ut rubus a meo sit remota sacello^
alter parva manu ferens semper munera larga.
fiorido mihi ponitur picta vere corolla^ 1 0
primitus tenera virens spica mollis arista^
II. ^* teneraque . . . vacula A : tenella d^Orville : tenerqae
. . . buculus Wagner. "^ fuit Z.
III. ^ o added hy Lachmann.
' formitata fi^; formicata if ; formidata ilfec?. ; formata
ARu: foinitata /. Voss, and read by Vollmer : fabricata
Ribbeck {after Schroder).
* nutrior BH {cf. Oeorg. ii. 425) : nunc tuor Scaliger : en
tuor Ribbeck, fit Baehrens : ut A. magis ut magis sit Mlis.
' me deumque Aldine edition 1517 : raediumque n.
' colens] cavens L. MUUer.
482
PRIAPEA
1® From my pastures the dainty she-goat bears ta
town her udders swelled with milk ; from my folds
comes the fatted lamb to send home again the money-
la.den hand ; ^ and the tender calf, amid her mother's
lowing, pours forth her blood before the temples of
the gods.
^^ Therefore, O wayfarer, thou shalt fear this god,
a.nd hold thy hand high : this is wortli thy while, for
lo ! there stands ready thy cross, the phallus.^ ^'By
Pollux ! rd like to," ^ thou sayest. Nay, by Pollux,
here comes the bailiff, whose stout arm, plucking
away that phallus, finds in it a cudgel, well fitted
to his right hand.
Ill*
O YOUTHS, this place and cottage in the marsh,
thatched with osier shoots and handfuls of sedge, I
support, I, a dried oak chipt into shape by farmer's
axe ; year by year, more and more rich it grows. For
the owners of this poor hut, a father and youthful son,
honour and greet me as a god ; the one so honouring
me with constant care that weeds and rough brambles
are taken from my shrine ; the other with lavish hand
ever bringing humble gifts.
^^ On me in flowery spring is placed a garland gay ;
on me the soft ear of corn, when first 'tis green on
^ cf. Eclogues, i. 35.
^ The wayfarer can thus show that he is not stealing.
Slaves guilty of theft could be crucified, but for the cross
Friapus substitutes his own weapon, viz. the club projecting
from his groin.
* i.e. to steal.
** The metre of the original is the so-called Priapean, a
combination of the Olyconic and the Pherecratean (see any
Latin Grammar).
48. S
1 I 2
VIRGIL
luteae violae mihi lacteumque papaver^
pallentesque cucurbitae et suave olentia mala^
uva pampinea rubens educata sub umbra,
sanguine haec etiam mihi — sed tacebitis — arma 1 '>
barbatus Unit hirculus cornipesque capella.
pro quis omnia honoribus nunc neeesse Priapo est
praestare^ et domini hortulum vineamque tueri.
quare hinc^ o pueri^ malas abstinete rapinas.
vicinus prope dives est neglegensque Priapus,
inde sumite : semita haec deinde vos feret ipsa.
ev
*♦ pampinea] -Oarrod proposes faginea or populea.
^' sanguine haec . . . arma Voss: sanguine hanc . . . araiu
Muretus : sanguinea . . . arma A.
*' omnia H (omnibus M) : munera Riese : munia Maehly
mutua Baehrens. nunc Biieheler : huic RibhecJc : hoc Ci : haec
484
PRIAPEA
lie tender stalky with yellow violets and milky poppy,
>ale melons and sweet-smelling apples, and blushing
^rape-clusters, reared beneath the vine-leaves* shade.
riiese -weapons, too, of mine — but you will be silent !
— a little bearded goat and his horn-footed sister
besmear with blood. For these offerings Priapus
must now make full return, and guard the owner s
vineyard and little garden.
^^ Therefore, away! boys, refrain from wicked
plundering. Near by is a wealthy neighbour, and
his Priapus is careless. Take from him ; this path
of itself will lead you from the place.
It, Priapo est B: Priape (eat omitted) Z. Oarrod wmUd read
the line thus: pro quia, quicquid honoris est, hoc necesse Priapo.
2® Priapi Heinaitis, " semita It. : semitam Xi.
485
CATALEPTON*
Di: qua saepe tibi venit ; sed^ Tucca^ videre
non licet : occulitur limine clausa viri.
de qua saepe tibi^ non venit adhuc mihi ; namque
si occulitur, longe est, tangere quod nequeas.
venerit, audivi. sed iam mihi nuntius iste
quid prodest ? illi dicite, cui rediit.
II
Corinth lORUM amator iste verborum,
iste iste rhetor, namque quatenus totus
I. * De qua] T>elia Scalujer, • de qua] Delia SccUiger.
' dicite JI/6'.S'. ; dicito Seal iger. cui Heyne: qui B: qu(a e
othtr MSS.
II. • Not included in the citation by QunUilian, viii. iiL, 28,
ami rejected by Ribbeck and Baehrens,
♦ See note at the openiug of the Priapea. In B the title
Caialtpton is nowhere given.
On thia title, see vol. i. p. vii. The metres of the Cata-
lepton are varied. The elegiac couplet prevails, being used
in I, III, IV, VII, VIII, IX, XI, XIIIa, XIV, and XV ; but
the rest of the poems are composed in some form of iambic
measure. Thus the pure iambic trimeter is used in VI, X,
and Xll, the choliambus (or scazon) in II and V, and the
iambic strophe (consisting of a trimeter coupled with a
dimeter) in XIII.
^ Thia epigram has provoked much discussion. Before
■^vrt, commentators adopted Scaliger's conjecture Delia in
Ujvea 1 and 3, and regarded the poem as a dialogue between
t^oca and t\ve poet, who are rivals for the love of Delia.
"ftAliVrt, revives the de gua of MSS., and explains the epi-
CATALEPTON
n
She, of whom I have often told you, has come ;
but, Tucca, one may not see her. She's kept in
Iiiding, barred within her husband's threshold. She,
of whom I have often told you, has not yet come to
me, for if she's kept in hiding, what one can't touch
is far away. Suppose she has come; I have heard
it. But now what good is that news to me ? Tell it
to him, for whom she has come back.
112
It's Corinthian words the fellow adores, that sorry
rhetorician ! For, perfect Thucydides that he is, he
gram as a piece of oonversation or fragment of a letter, all of
it the utterance of the poet. The verb of saying is omitted
in lines 1 and 3, as often in the epistolary style. The lady
referred to is not named. In the last two lines the poet
turns away from Tucca to address those who have brought
him news of the lady's return. This, he implies, is a matter
of perfect indifference to him.
^ This epigram is discussed by the translator in the TrauB-
actions of the American Philological Association, vol. xlvii.,
1916, pp. 43 ff. The person assailed is T. Annius Gimber, a
rhetorician ^ho is said to have murdered his brother. In his
rhetoric he was an Atticist, following Thucydides, who in
his History has given so vivid a description of the Attic
plague (II. 47-54). The writer uses verba in a double sense,
"words" and •* spells,'' and Corinthiorum implies " archaic "
or ''obsolete," involving an allusion to old bronzes as well as
to Medea's poisons. In OaMicum there is an implied refer-
ence to the name Cimher^ and tau suggests some peculiarity
of pronunciation. Cimber, who wrote in Greek, evidently
used the Ionic filv and the tragic e^iv. As, then, for his
pupils he mingled these uncouth sounds, so for his brother
ne concocted deadly spells.
487
VIRGIL
Thucjdides, tyrannus Atticae febris :
tau Gallicum^ min et sphin ut male illisit^
ita omnia ista verba miscuit fratri.
Ill
AspicE, quern valido subnixum Gloria regno
altius et caeli sedibus extulerat :
terrarum hie bello magnum concusserat orbem,
hie reges Asiae fregerat, hie populos ;
hie grave servitium tibi iam, tibi, Roma^ ferebat i
(cetera namq'ue viri cuspide conciderant) :
cum subito in medio rerum certamine praeceps
corruit, e patria pulsus in exilium.
tale deae numen. tali mortalia nutu
fallax momento temporis bora dedit. lo
IV
QuocuMQUE ire ferunt variae nos tempora vitae,
tangere quas terras quosque videre homines^
dispeream^ si te fuerit mihi carior alter,
alter enim quis te dulcior esse potest^
II. ' tyrannus] bri(t)tan(n)us if iS'iS'. o/Quiniilian.
* min et spin et Baehrens : enim et 8pin(e) et MSS. of
QuirUilian : mi et psin et B: min et psin et ff. illi sit R :
et ''male illi sit" Mm.
' ita or ista if ^^. ; ita, MSS. of QuiTUUian.
III. ^ tibi (atcond) omitted B^ hence Romane (Biichekry
• nutu n : ritu Haupt : motu Baehrens.
1^ dedit Xl! adedit 8abbadini\' ferit Baehrens: premit
Ruhnken : terit Elli^,
IV. * quis u : qui other MSS,
^ It is generally supposed that the portrait upon which
this poem is bftsed was one of Alexander the Great. But
line 8 makes this Interpretation improbable, for though
488
CATALEPTON
is lord of the Attic fever; as his Gallic tau, his min
£ind spkin he wickedly pounded up, so of all such
Avord-spells he mixed a dose for his brother !
Behold one, whom, upborne on mighty sovereignty.
Glory had highly exalted, even above the abodes of
heaven ! Earth's wide bounds had he shaken in war ;
Asia's kings, Asia's nations had he crushed ; ^ now to
thee, even to thee, O Rome (for all else had fallen
before his spear), was he bringing grievous slavery,
when lo ! of a sudden, in the midst of his struggle
for empire, headlong he fell, driven from fatherland
into exile. Such is the goddess' will ; ^ at such
behest, in a moment of time, does the faithless hour
deal out the doom of mortals.
IV 4
Whithersoever the chances of our changing lives
lead us to go, whaC lands soever to visit and what
people to see, may 1 perish if any other shall be
dearer to me than thou ! For what other can be
Alexander died in Babylon and was buried in Egypt, no
poet could have regarded him as e patria pulsus in exilium.
Baehrens and Nettleship hold that the monarch in view was
Phraates, king of Parthia, whom his subjects drove from his
throne in 32 B.C. Pompey the Qreat and Mithridates have
had their advocates, but all conditions are best satisfied by
Marcus Antonius, who enjoyed with Cleopatra the homage of
eastern peoples, and was a 'real menace to Italy and Rome.
(So De Witt, in the American Journal of Philology, vol.
xxxiii., 1912, pp. 321 ff.)
2 cf. Aen. VIII. 685 ff.
^ The goddess is Fortune or Nemesis.
* Addressed to the poet Octavius Musa, a friend of Horace
as well as of Virgil, (cf. Horace, Satires, i. x. 82. )
489
VIRGIL
cui iuveni ante alios divi divumque sorores
cuncta^ neque indigno^ Musa^ dedere bona^
cuncta^quibus gaudet Phoebi choras ipseque Phoebus:
doctior o quis te^ Musa^ fuisse potest ?
o quis te in terris loquitur iucundior uno ?
Clio tarn certe Candida non loquitur. l^
quare illud satis est^ si te permittis amari ;
nam contra^ ut sit amor mutuus^ unde milii ?
Ite hinc, inanes^ ite^ rhetorum ampullae^
inflata rhoso non Achaico verba^
et vos, Selique Tarquitique Varroque,
scolasticorum natio madens pingui^
ite hinc^ inane cymbalon iuventutis. 5
tuque^ o mearum cura, Sexte, curanim
vale, Sabine ; iam valete, formosi.
nos ad beatos vela mittimus portus,
magni petentes docta dicta Sironis,
vitamque ab omni vindicabimus cura. 10
ite hinc, Camenae, vos quoque ite iam sane^
dulces Camenae (nam fatebimur verum,
dulces fuistis) ; et tamen meas chartas
revisitote, sed pudenter et raro.
IV. ' iuveni B : cum venit Z.
* Musa Aldine edition 1517 : multa Xl.
*° certe n : per te Baekrens : graeoe Birt.
V. * rhofso B: roso HMu: rore Aldine edition 1517: et
ore Curcio : rhythmo Birt. The form rhoso m dubious^ bid
probably represents hp6(r<f>, as if (d)hro8o. See^ note in Ellis.
* inane Heinaius: inani BHMu : inanis Aldine edition 1517.
10 vindicabimus Aldine editions: vindicavimus ZM : vin-
dicamus B^ Med.
1* ite iam sane Haupt : iam ite sane (laraite seve or sene)
BZM, Med. : ite saivete Ellis. " fatebiiur B.
490
CATALEPTON
SMreeter than thou, upon whom in thy youth, O M usa,
beyond others — and not unworthily — the gods and
sisters of the gods^ have bestowed all blessings, all
Avherein the choir of Phoebus and Phoebus himself
rejoice? O who can have been more skilled than
thou, O Musa ? O who in all the world speaks with
more charm than thou — ^thou alone ? Clio surely
speaks not so clearly. Therefore 'tis enough if thou
pemiittest thyself to be loved ; for otherwise how
may I cause that love to be returned?
V2
Get ye hence ! away, ye empty paint-pots ^ of rhe-
toricians, ye words inflated, but not with Attic dew !
And yc, Selius and Tarquitius and Varro, a tribe of
pedants soaking in fat, get ye hence, ye empty cymbals
of our youth ! And thou, O Sextus Sabinus, my chiefest
care, farewell ! Now fare ye well, ye goodly youths !
^ We are spreading our sails for blissful havens, in
quest of great Siro's wise words, and from all care
will redeem our life. Get ye hence, ye Muses ! yea,
away now even with you, ye sweet Muses ! For the
truth we must avow — ^ye have been sweet. And yet,
come ye back to my pages, though with modesty and
but seldom !
^ i.e. gods and goddesses. Birt, however, regards the
dimim sororea as the Fates, the Parcae,
* Written when Virgil was giving up his early rhetorical
studies, and preparing to take up philosophy under Siro, the
Epicurean. For details, see Nettleship in Ancient Lims of
Virgil, p. 37.
' Horace also uses the word ampullae and the verb am-
pvllor of bombastic language ; cf. KiiKvdos and \7}Kv0l(fiv in
Greek. The ampullar are properly " paint-pots" (see Wick-
ham's note on Hor. Epist. i. iii. 14).
491
VIRGIL
VI
SoccR, beate nee tibi nee alteri^
generque Noetuine^ putidum eaput^
tuoque nune pueUa talis et tuo
stupore pressa rus abibit et mihi,
ut ille versus usquequaque pertinet :
''gener socerque^ perdidistis omnia."
VII
Scilicet hoc sine fraude^ Van dulcissime^ dicam :
dispeream^ nisi me perdidit iste ^0^09.
sin airtem praecepta vetant me dicere^ sane
non dicam^ sed me perdidit iste puer.
VIII
ViLLULA, quae Sironis eras, et pauper agelle,
verum illi domino tu quoque divitiae,
me tibi et hos una mecum, quos semper amavi,
si quid de patrii^ tristius audiero,
commendo, in primisque patrem. tu nunc eris illi, 5
Mantua quod fuerat quodque Cremona prius.
VI. • tuone Scaliger : tuoque fl.
• abibit et B : habitet ZM, Med. : abibit ? hei Scaliger.
• (f. Catullus, XXIX. 24, socer generque, p. o.
VII. ■ ir60os Spiro: pothus (potus) fl : putus /S'co/igrer.
• autcm] artis Heyne,
VIII. • in primisque Aldint edition 1517: primisque n.
.■)
* To be taken as complementary to XII. In the latter
epigram the father-in-law is called Atiliua, a name which,
492
CATALEPTON
VII
O FATHER-IN-LAW, whosc richcs benefit neither
thyself nor thy neighbour, and thou, O son-in-law
Noctuinus, thou addle-pate, now a girl so rare, as-
sailed in thy drunken stupor, and in thine, will pass
to the country,^ and for me (how that verse every-
where applies !) : " Son-in-law and father-in-law, ye
have ruined all." ^
VII
Surely, my dearest Varius, in all honesty I'll say
this : " Hang me, if that amour has not ruined me ! "
But if the rules forbid me so to speak,^ of course I'll
not say that, but — ^^ that lad has ruined me ! "
VIII 5
O LITTLE villa, that once wast Siro's, and thou,
poor tiny farm — ^yet to such an owner even thou
wert wealth — to thee, if aught more sad I hear
about our home-land, I entrust myself, and, along
with me, those whom I have ever loved, my father
first and foremost. Thou shalt now be to him what
Mantua and what Cremona had been aforetime.
like Noctuinus, is probably fictitious. Professor De Witt's
plausible theory is that Noctuinus is Antony, while the other
is his uncle and father-in-law, C. Antonius (American Journal
of Philology i vol. xxxiii., 1912, p. 319).
'^ The family is reduced to poverty through extravagance.
^ In Catullus this verse applies to Caesar and Pompey.
* An intermixture of Greek words in Latin composition
was not approved of by the best teachers.
^ See the '* Life of Virgil" in vol. i. pp. vii. and viii. The
incidents referred to belong to the year 41 B.C.
493
VIRGIL
IX
Pauca mihi^ niveo sed non incognita Phoebo,
pauca mihi doctae dicite Pegasides.
victor adest^ magni magnum decus ecce triumph]^
victor, qua terrae quaque patent maria,
horrida barbaricae portans insignia pugnae^ 5
magnus ut Oenides utque superbus Eryx ;
nee minus idcirco vestros expromere cantus
maximus et sanctos dignus inire choros.
hoc itaque insuetis iactor magis, optime, curis^
quid de te possim scribere quidve tibi. ] 0
namque (fatebor enim) quae maxima deterrendi
debuit, hortandi maxima causa fuit. -
pauca tua in nostras venerunt carmina chartas^
carmina cum lingua, turn sale Cecropio,
carmina, quae Phrygium, saeclis accepta futuris, 1 5
carmina, quae Pylium vincere digna senem.
molliter hie viridi patulae sub tegmine quercus
Moeris pastores et Meliboeus erant,
dulcia iactantes altemo carmina versu,
qualia Trinacriae doctus amat iuvenis. 20
certatim ornabant omnes heroida divi,
certatim divae munere quoque suo.
3 victoria est ZMu,
16 Phrygium Heinsiua: prciu B^: pilium AR: whole Nne
omitted B^HM.
** divi Dousa : dive n.
1
An encomium addressed to one of the Mesaallae, probably
M. Valerius Messalla Corvinus (64 B.C. -8 A. d.), patron and
friend of Tibullus, who triumphed over Aquitania in 27 B.C.
494
CATALEPTON
IX 1
Some few thoughts^ few but not unknown to shining
Phoebus, impart to me, ye learned Muses !
3 A conqueror comes — lo ! the mighty glory of a
mighty triumph — conqueror he, where'er lands and
>vhere*er seas are outspread, bearing grim tokens
of barbaric strife, like unto Oeneus' mighty son,*
or unto proud Eryx ; nor less on that account most
mighty in drawing forth your songs and worthy to
enter your holy choirs. Therefore, noblest of men,
the more am 1 fretted with unwonted cares, wonder-
ing what about thee or what for thee I have power
to pen. For that which — ^yea, I will avow it — ought
to have been chief reason for holding me back, has
been chief reason for urging me along.
^^ Some few of thy songs have found place in my
pages ^ — songs of Attic speech as well as Attic wit
— songs that, welcomed by ages yet to be, are worthy
to outlive the aged Phrygian,* worthy to outlive the
aged man of Pylos.^ Herein, under a spreading oak's
green covert, were the shepherds Moeris and M eli-
boeus at their ease, throwing off in alternate verse
sweet songs such as the learned youth <* of Sicily loves.
Emulously all the gods graced the heroine ; ^ emu-
lously the goddesses graced her with their several
gifts.
'^ Meleager ; or possibly Diomedes, son of Tydeus and
grandson of Oeneus.
^ The author of this poem has turned some Greek verses of
Messalla's into Latin. . * IViam.
^ Nestor, who in the Homeric narrative is living in the
third generation of men. ® Theocritus.
^ Probably Sulpicia, daughter of the orator Servius
Sulpicius.
495
VIRGIL
felicem ante alias o te scriptor.e puellam
altera non fama dixerit esse prior :
non illa^ Hesperidum ni munere capta fuisset^ 25
quae volucrem cursu vicerat Hippomenen ;
Candida cycneo non edita Tyndaris ovo,
non siipero fulgens Cassiopea polo,
non defensa diu multum certamine equorum,
optabant gravidae quam sibi quaeque manus, SO
saepe animam generi pro qua pater impius hausit,
saepe rubro similis sanguine fluxit humus ;
] regia non Semele, non Inachis Acrisione,
! immiti expertae fulmine et imbre lovem ;
non cuius ob raptum pulsi liquere Penatis 35
Tarquinii patrios, filius atque pater,
illo quo primum dominatus Roma superbos
mutavit placidis tempore consulibus.
multa neque immeritis donavit praemia alumnis,
praemia Messallis maxima Publico! is. 40
nam quid ego immensi memorem studia ista laboris?
horrida quid durae tempora militiae ?
castra foro, te castra urbi praeponere, castra
tam procul hoc gnato, tam procul hac patria ?
immoderata pati iam frigora, iamque calores ? 45
sternere vel dura posse super silice ?
'^ multum A : et multum Sahbadini : volucrum Aldine
edition 1534 : mulier Ellis.
^° obtabant B : obstabant Vollmer. gravid(a)e ft : Graiae
Aldine edition 1534. quam edition 1473 : quid B : quod other
MSS. manus] nurum Tollius.
'■ similis n : Eleis most editions : pinguie Baehrens : sitiens
Birt.
^* in miti B : in(m)mitti HM. expertae SccUiger : expectat
B: expectants.
*^ castra foro castra B : te added hy Bucheler : foro solitos
Z : foro rostris Birt.
** hoc . . . hac] ac . . . slc MH : haec . . . haec Ellis.
*^ frigora Aldine edition 1517 : sidera CI.
*• stertere Aldine edition 1534.
496
CATALEPTON
23 o maideii happy beyond others with thee for
ler HerAld ! None other may claim to excel her in
fame : not she^ who, had she not been tricked by
the Hesperides' gift, had outrun in the race fleet
Hippomenes ; not the fair daughter of Tyndareus,
born of the swan's egg ; ^ not Cassiopea, gleaming in
the heavens above ; not she,^ close-guarded long by
the contest of steeds, whom each gift-laden hand
craved for its own, for whom her wicked father oft
drained the life of him who fain would be his son,
and oft the ground, of like hue, flowed with red
hlood ; not queenly Semele, not the Inachian daughter
of Acrisius,* who knew Jove in the pitiless lightning
and in the shower ; not she,^ for whose ravishing the
Tarquins, son and sire, were driven forth, leaving
their fathers* gods, what time Rome first changed
proud tyranny for peaceful consuls.
^^ Many, and not unearned, are the rewards Rome
has bestowed upon her sons, chiefest the rewards
bestowed upon the Messallae Publicolae. For why
should I recount thy tasks of toil immeasurable ? Why
the stern seasons of rugged warfare ? How thou dost
set the camp before the forum, the camp before the
city — the camp that is so far away from this thy son,
so far from this thy home ? How thou endurest now
extremeat cold, and now extremest heat, and canst
lay thyself down on even flinty rock? How oft,
^ Atalanta.
' 2 Helen.
^ Hippodamia, daughter of Oeuomaus.
* Danae, daughter of Acrisius of Argos, called Inachia
because Inachus was the founder of Argos.
^ Lucretia.
497
VOL II. K. K
VIRGIL
saepe trucem adverso perlabi sidere pontum ?
saepe mare audendo vincere^ saepe hiemezn ?
saepe etiam densos immittere corpus in hostes^
communem belli non meminisse deum ? 50
nunc celeres Afros^ periurae milia gentis^
aurea nunc rapidi flumina adire Tagi ?
nunc aliam ex alia bellando quaerere gentem
vincere et Oceani iinibus ulterius ?
non nostrum est tantas^ non^ inquam, attingere laudes,
quin ausim hoc etiam dicere^ vix hominum est. 56
ipsa haec^ ipsa ferent rerum monumenta per orbem^
ipsa sibi egregium facta decus parient.
nos ea^ quae tecum finxerunt carmina divi^
Cynthius et Musae^ Bacchus et Aglaie^ 60
si laudem adspirare humilis, si adire Cyrenas^
si patrio Graios carmine adire sales
possumus^ optatis plus iam procedimus ipsis.
hoc satis est ; pingui nil mihi cum populo.
X
Sabinus ille^ quem videtis^ hospites^
ait fuisse mulio celerrimus
IX. *^ perlabi Aldine edition 1517 : perlabens A.
*® non n : nee Aldine edition 1517. timuisse A.
•® Musae A : Musa BMH, retained by Birt.
^^ laude Baehrens. aspirarem MH. si (c^dire) B : sed
MHA : et Voss. «« si B: sic Zu, Med.
X. ^ Albinus R. quem] quidem B.
3 multo A : mulio Aldine edition 1517.
^ The home of Callimachus, the elegiac poet. Ellis takes
humilia with Cyr€na8, "Gyrene's unexalted style."
'^ This is a clever parody on the fourth poem of Catullus.
Sabinus has been identified with the Sabinus of Cicero {ad J
498
CATALEPTON
r&der unkindly stars^ thou glides! o'er the savage
eep ? How oft in thy daring thou conquerest the
^a,^ and oft the storm ? And how oft thou flingest
tiy self upon the serried foe^ heedless of the common
^od of ^w&r ? How thou makest thy way, now to the
limbic Africans, the swarms of a perjured race, now
,o the golden waters of swift Tagus ? How in war-
ra.re thou seekest nation after nation, and conquerest
even beyond Ocean's bounds?
^^ *Tis not, not, I say, for us to attain to such
glories ; nay I should dare even this to say, 'tis
scarce a task for mortal man. Even of themselves
shall these exploits carry their records through the
-world ; of themselves shall beget their own peerless
renown. As for me, touching those songs which the
gods have fashioned in concert with thee, even the
Cynthian and the Muses, Bacchus and Aglaia, if,
lowly as I am, I can breathe their praise, if I can
approach Cyrene,^ can approach the wit of Greece
with a song of Rome, henceforth I advance even
beyond my hopes. This is enough : naught have I
to do with the stupid rabble.
Sabinus yonder, whom you see, my friends, says
he was once the fastest of muleteers, and never was
Fam. XV. 20) and with VentidiuB Bassus of Aulus Gellius,
XV. 4, who rose from humble life to the offices of praetor
and consul. But it is most probable that the man referred
to was a purely local celebrity, who, at the end of his active
life, set up a votive offering to Castor and Pollux for having
saved him from the perils of his calling. The offering took
the form of a statuette or paintins of himself, seated in a
curule chair, the artist having perhaps taken as his model
some dignified official of note, who had quite nroperly been
80 represented. (So Professor Elmer T. Merrill m Claasical
PhMogy.mS.) ^^
K K 2
VIRGIL
neque ullius volantis impetum cisi
nequisse praeter ire^ sive Mantuam
opus foret volare sive firixiam.
et hoc negat Tryphonis aemuli domam
negare nobilem insulamve Caeruli^
ubi iste post Sabinus ante Quinctio
bidente dieit attodisse forfiee
comata colla^ ne Cytorio iugo 10
premente dura volnus ederet iuba.
Cremona frigida et lutosa Gallia^
tibi haec fuisse et esse cognitissima
ait Sabinus : ultima ex origine
tua stetisse dieit in voragine, 13
tua in palude deposisse sarcinas^
et inde tot per orbitosa milia
iugum tulisse^ laeva sive dextera
strigare mula sive utrumque coeperat
^0
neque ulla vota semitalibus deis
sibi esse facta, praeter hoc novissimum,
paterna lora proximumque pectinj^m.
sed haec prius fuere : nunc ebumea
sedetque sede seque dedicat tibi, 25
gemelle Castor et gemelle Castoris.
^ ullius Aldine edition 1517 : illius B.
* et Scaliger : neque fl.
' -ne A.
• dicet AR. forfiee Heyne : forcipe BH : forpice AH.
*® ne quid orion B: ne quia toriou Z : ne Cytorio Maehly.
^^ dieit] ultima n.
*® deposisse iSfca/i^er .' de(o)posuisse A.
^' After this line Birt inserts the following conjectural verse:
iter parasse mulio, neque ipse non.
500
CATALEPTON
tlnere any gig that raced along whose speed he was
unable to pass^ whether he had to race to Mantua or
to Brixia. And this, says he, the noble house of his
rival, Trypho, does not deny ; nor the lodging-rooms
of Caerulus, where he who afterwards was Sabinus,
but ere that Quinctio, tells that with two-bladed
shears he once clipped the hairy necks, lest, under
the pressure of Cytorian yoke,^ the harsh mane
might cause some soreness*
^' O cold Cremona and muddy Gaul, Sabinus says
that this was and is well-known to thee : he claims
that from his earliest birthtime he stood in thy mire,
in thy marsh laid by his packs, and thence over so
many miles of rutty roads bore the yoke, whether
the mule on left or on right or on both sides began
to flag . . . ; and that no vows to the gods of the
by-ways were made by him save this at the last —
his father's reins and the curry-comb close by.^
2* But these things are past and gone ; now he sits
in his ivory chair and dedicates himself to thee, twin
Castor, and to thee. Castor's twin-brother.
^ i.e. box- wood yoke, because Cy torus, a mountain in
Paphlagonia, abounded in box -wood trees.
'^ Or "next in value."
^^ mulas CI : mula edition 1482. utrimque Heinsius,
*® Birt supplies : pecua recalcitrare ferreo pede.
" sibi Aldine edition 1517 : tibi fl. propter 2^ilfu-^/ccf.
501
VIRGIL
XI
J
Quis deus^ Octavi, te nobis abstulit ? an quae ,
dicunt^ a^ nimio pocula ducta mero ?
" vobiscum, si est culpa^ bibi. sua quemque sequuntur
fata : quid immeriti crimen habent cyathi ? "
scripta quidem tua nos multum mirabimur et te .5
raptum et Romanam flebimus historiam^
sed tu nullus eris. perversi dicite manes^
hunc superesse patri quae fuit invidia ?
XII
SuPERBE Noctuine, putidum caput,
datur tibi puella, quam petis, datur ;
datur, superbe Noctuine, quam petis.
sed, o superbe Noctuine, non vides
duas habere filias Atilium, 5
duas, et banc et alteram^ tibi dari ?
adeste nunc, adeste : ducit, ut decet,
superbus ecce Noctuinus himeam.
Thalassio, Thalassio, Thalassio !
XI. * dicuiit a nimio u : dicunt animo (-mi) BH : dicuntur
animo AR, Med.: dicunt Centaurum Birt: Centaurum nimio
Oarrod. ducta ffeinsius : dura n.
' culpabile B. * facta BMu.
XII. * o B: omitted Z,
* duas Aldine edition 151 7.' omitted fl.
' ducit Z: dicit B {above the Hive).
■ Thalassio twice only CI : thrice, Afarius Victorinus.
^ Written in dialogue, and in the form of an epitaph, the
subject of which is the Octavius Musa of Gataiepton IV.
above. Octavius, it would seem, has been "dead-drunk,"
and so is humorously treated as if he had died. He is a ** son
of Bacchus," and Bacchus (i.e. the wine) had died (was all
502
CATALEPTON
XII
C(
What god, Octavius, has snatched thee from us?
Or wsLS it, as they say, the cups of o*er-strong wine
tliat thou, alas, didst quaff? "
" With you I drank, if that's a fault. His own
£ate pursues each. Why should the guiltless cups be
Ijlamed ? "
*' Thy writings, indeed, we shall much admire, and
that thou and thy Roman history are torn from us,
we shall much lament, but thou no more shalt be ! "
Tell us, ye Spirits perverse : Why did ye grudge
that he should outlive his father?
XII 2
Proud Noctuinus, thou addle-pate, the girl thou
seekest is given thee, I say; the girl thou seekest,
proud Noctuinus, is given thee. But seest thou not,
thou proud Noctuinus, that Atilius has two daughters
— that two, both this and the other, are given thee ? *
Come* ye now, come ye! Proud Noctuinus, see!
brings home, as is meet— a jug ! Thalassio, Thalassio,
Thalassio ! ^
consumed) before the son. (So K. de Marchi, in RivUta di
Filologia, 1907, pp. 492 flf.)
Birt's attempt to introduce Centaurum in line 2 is due to
an epigram of Callimachus {ArUh. PaL vii. 726), with a
similar motif, and containing the words ^ ^arh xal Kivranpov ;
this may be right. The word would be governed by ahstu-
2iMe understood : "was it those cups of strong wine, which
they say overcame the Centaur ? "
^ A companion piece to VI. above. Noctuinus is drunk at
his wedding.
' The second bride is the wine-jug.
* Addressed, probably, to the crowd in the street.
^ With this salutation brides had been greeted ever since
the days of Romulus.
503
VIRGIL
XIII
Iacere me, quod alU non possim, putas
ut ante, vectari freta '
nee ferre durum frigus aut aestum pati
neque anna victoris sequi ?
valent, valent mihi ira et antiquus furor
et lingua, qua adsim tibi
quid, impudice et improbande Caesari,
seu furta dicantur tua
et prostitutae turpe contubernium
sororis — o quid me incitas ?
et helluato sera patrimonio
in fratre parsimonia
vel acta puero cum viris conviyia
udaeque per somnum nates
et inscio repente clamatum insuper
"Thalassio, Thalassio."
quid palluisti, femina ? an ioci dolent ?
an facta cognoscis tua ?
non me vocabis pulchra per Cotytia
ad feriatos fascinos,
nee deinde te movere lurabos in stola
prensis videbo altaribus
flavumque propter Thybrim olentis nauticum
vocare, ubi adpulsae rates
stant in vadis caeno retentae sordido ^5
macraque luctantes aqua ;
neque in cuh'nam et uncta compitalia
dapesque duces sordidas,
« qua adsim (assim B) n : adsiem Wagner: sat aim
Scaliger: adsignem Bilcheler: mas sim Ellis. For the hiatus
cj. Hot. Epod. v. 100, xin. 3. '' « placed after 10 Birt, *
*^ stola Bueheler: latus Baehrens: oaltula Hihheck: rata-
lam B : rotulam Z. 0
504
p
10
II
i.i
20
CATALEPTON
XIII 1
Dost think I am helpless^ because I cannot^ as
l^ieretofore, sail the deep seas, nor bear stern cold,
nor endure summer heat, nor follow the victor's
arms ? Strong, strong are my wrath and old-time
fury, and my tongue, wherewith I stand at thy
side.
^ Why, thou shameless one, worthy of Caesar's ire !
— whether thy secret crimes be told (thy prostituted
sister's vile life within thy tent — O why dost thou
spur me on? — ^and thy thrift in late hour at a brother's
cost, when thy patrimony was squandered), or whether
those banquets thou didst share in boyhood with men,
thy body wet throughout the hours of sleep, and, over
and above, the cry '' Thalassio, Thalassio," raised on
a sudden by one I know not : why, I ask, hast thou
paled, O woman ? Can mere jests pain thee ? or dost
recognize deeds that are thine own? Amid Co-
tytto's beauteous rites thou wilt not invite me to the
long-disused symbols, nor, as thy hands grasp the
altars, shall I see thee bestir thy loins beneath thy
woman's robe, and, hard by the yellow Tiber, call to
the boat-smelling throng, where the barques that
have reached port stand in the shallows, fast in the
filthy mire, and struggling with the scanty water;
nor wilt thou lead me to the kitchen, to the greasy
cross-roads' feast and its mean fare, with which and
^ These iambics, written in the same couplet form as the
first ten Epodes of Horace, are full of Archilochian venom,
whether genuine or assumed. The poem is different from
everything else that bears the name of Virgil, and N6methy
assigns it definitely to Horace's authorship. De Witt, in
the American Journal of Philology, vol. xxxiii., 1912, p. 320,
gives good reasons for supposing Ant^y to be the object of
attack.
505
VIRGIL
quibus repletus et salivosis aquis^
obesam ad uxorem redis
el aestuantes dote solvis pantices,
osusque lambis saviis*
nunc laede^ nunc lacesse^ si quicquain vales !
et nomen adscribo tuum.
cinaede Ludene^ liquerunt opes .S
fameque genuini crepant.
videbo habentem praeter ignavos nihil
fratres et iratum lovem
scissumque ventrem et hirneosi patnii
pedes inedia turgidos. ^ 4ii
XIIIa
Callida imago sub hac (caeli est iniuria) sede,
antiquis, hospes^ non minor ingeniis^
et quo Roma viro doctis certaret Athenis :
ferrea sed nuUi vincere fata datur.
XIV
Si mihi susceptum fuerit decurrere munus,
0 Paphon^ o sedes quae colis Idalias^
Troius Aeneas Romana per oppida digno
iam tandem ut tecum carmine vectus eat :
XIII. " et] ut n.
•1 dote MHA : nocte Scaliger: docte B.
'* scelusque BirL
»* cinaede Luciene Bticheler : Cine delucci i& te.
XIIIa. In Z thit epigram is found after xiii. 16.
1 Callide (Allide) mage : Callida Biri : imago Buchder and
Birt. sede Birt : eatcli MSS. Pallida mole sub hac celavit
membra Secundus Rieee: Palladis arce sub hac Itali est
506
CATALEPTON
'^vith slimy water thou satest thyself, then returnest
to thy lumpish wife, untiest the boiling sausages her
dowry provides, and then, hated though thou art,
dost smother her with kisses.
^^ Now assail, now provoke me, if at all thou canst !
Even thy name I add, thou wanton Lucienus ! Now
thy means have failed thee, and with hunger thy
l)ack teeth rattle ! I shall yet see thee possessed of
nothing but good-for-naught brothers and an angry
Jove, thy stomach rent, and thy ruptured uncle's
feet swollen with fasting.
XIIIa
A scholar's shade rests beneath this place *^ — a
wrong done by heaven^ — one not inferior to the
great minds of old, and a man with whom Rome
could challenge learned Athens : but to none is it
given to vanquish iron Fate.
XIV3
If it be my lot to finish the course I have begun,
O thou* that dwellest in Paphos and in the Idalian
groves, so that at length through Roman towns
Trojan Aeneas may go his way, borne along with
^ Nobody knows to whom this epitaph refers, and the first
verse is largely conjectural.
* The gods are reproached for allowing the man to die ;
cf, Ctdexy 347.
' Written, apparently, after the poet had begun the
Aeneid. * Venus.
inuria saecli ^/^t«;'Palladi magna suae visa est iniuria sedis
Baehrens. XIV. * erat Z.
507
VIRGIL
non ego ture modo aut picta tua templa tabella 5
ornabo et puris serta feram manibus —
corniger hos aries humilis et maxima taurus
victima sacratos sparget honore focos,
marmoreusque tibi vel mille coloribus ales
in morem picta stabit Amor pharetra. 1 0
adsis^ o Cytherea : tuus te Caesar Olympo
et Surrentini litoris ara vocat.
XV
Vate Syracosio qui dulcior Hesiodoque
maior, Homereo non minor ore fuit,
illius hacc quoque sunt divini elementa poetae
et rudis in vario carmine Calliope.
XIV. ' et] sed Burmann. maxima B : maximus IIM.
® sacrato Heinsiua, spargit BHM.
® vel] Birt: aut. vel mille col.] caput, ignicolorius Ellis.
XV. In the MSS. this follows upon xiv. 12, a« if it were a
portion of that poem. ' sint HM,
508
CATALEPTON
lee in ^worthy song : not with incense alone or with
ainted tablet will I adorn thy temple and with
Lean hands bring thee garlands^ but the horned
am, a lowly offering, and the bull, noblest victim,
vith blood of sacrifice shall besprinkle the hallowed
iltars, and unto thee in marble, with his quiver
tainted, as is wont, in all its thousand hues, shall
wringed Love be set up. Come, O lady of Cythera !
thine own Caesar and the altar of Sorrento's shore
call thee from Olympus.
XVI
To that divine poet who was sweeter than the
Syracusan bard,^ greater than Hesiod, and not in-
ferior to Homer in his speech — to him also belong
these first efforts, even his untutored Muse in varied
strain.
^ An editorial epilogue, composed, according to Birt, by
Varius.
'■* Theocritus.
509
rences lo the lolSowfng namea
leti tieqaency : Achatai, Aeneae,
acchua. Danal, CardBntuB, DIr
ipplter, I.atiiiii9, Latlum, Lsui
'---'—- Phryglus, "-'
Dl^o, nralnsi Italia,' ItaluB, liilua
"ane«, Mara Nymphs, Pal
■olanua', Trolua, Troa, Turnn'a, Tyrtua, ^yrrhenuSp'Venua.
Vbails. membet of Tumus' armr,
A. IX. 341
Abaa; (l) earls' king of Amos,
A. nt. SSS; (3) conmanlon ot
Aeneaa, A. i. 121 : {3) an
EtruBTan, A. X. 170, 427
Abella, town In Campania, j
740
AbydUB. cltr on the Heltespont,
«. I. 207
Acainad, adj. of Acamanla,
titovlDce o[ central Qreece, A.
Acca, friend ol Camilla, A. XI. »
tawD ol Campania, 0.
AmU, town ol BicUy, aba called
Egeata and ScteaU, A. v. 718
Acestsa, Sidllui king, aon ot
Crldius, X. I. im. &B0, B&8,
B70 : y. 30. 3fl. «1, 73, 106, 301,
397, 418, 461, m, 510. &31.
82^. en
Achelolfl, a vater-Dymph, Co, IG
Adielolus, adj. ot Achelons, a
river of cendal Greece, uaed for
Ac^croD, a nrcr of the lower world ;
henoe, that world Itaelf, O. ii.
■ - "" — ■17, MS;
I, B. n.
Ao. 4SS,
.07, 275,
T. 804;
), 578, I
, 748,
ini. 111^ ix. ^18, 3BS
AchuiMiddH, dcKitad oampanloa
ol tJlTHH rescued bjr Aeneaa,
A. m. flU, Ml
Achalcoa. and Ai^ialna, ad].
T. »23; Ca. V. S
A. 1. 174, Ac
612. eia
Acrasas, town In Sicllf. now
HlTBantl. A. m. 703
Aorislone, dauaht*r ot Acrtslua,
Acrtaloneus, a«'. of Acilalus, A
YU. 410 , ^
Acrlalua, Itlng ol *rgo>. father o
Danal, A. YB. 372
INDEX
AmpMon, klas of Thebes, and
husband of Kiobe, B. n. 24
Amphitrlte, wife of Neptune and
goddess of the sea, Ci. 78, 486
Amphitryoniades, son or descendant
of Amphitryo, i.e. Hercules, A,
vm. 108, 214
Amphnrsius, adj. of Amphrysus,
A. VI. 898
Amphrsrsus, a river of Thessaly,
near which Apollo fed the flocks
of Admetus, O. m. 2
Ampsanctus, a lake in Samnium,
east of Naples, A, vn. 565
Amyclae: (1) a town of Latium.
A, X. 564; <2) a town of
Laoonia in Greece, hence Amy-
daeus, adj, O. m. 89, 845 ; Ci.
876, 489
Amycus : (1) a Trojan, A. I. 221 ;
IX. 772: X. 704; xn. 509;
(2) a king of the Thracian
Bebryoes, A. v. 878
Amsmtas, a shepherd, E. n. 35,
39 ; m. 66, 74, 88 ; V. 8, 15, 18 ;
X. 87, 88, 41
Amythaonius, adj. of Amsrthaon,
father of Melampus, and son of
Gretheus, O. m. 550
Anagnia, a town of Latium, now
Anagni, A. vn. 684
Anchemolus, son of Rhoetus, king
of the Maisians, A. x. 889
Anchises, son of Capsns and father
of Aeneas, A. I. 617, etc.
Anchiseus, adj. of Anchises, A. v.
761
Anchisiades. son of Anchises, i.e.
Aeneas, A. v. 407 ; vi. 126, 848 ;
vm. 521 ; X. 250, 822
Ancus. Ancus Martins, fourth kii^
of Kome, A. vi. 815
Androgeoe : (1) son of Minos, king
of Crete, slain by the Athenians,
A. VI. 20; (2) a Greek chief at
Troy, A. n. 871, 882, 392
Andromache, wife of Hector, A. n.
456 ; m. 297, 308, 819, 482, 487
Angitia, a sorceress, sister of Medea
and Circe, honoured by the Marsi,
A. vn. 7d9
Anienus. adj. of the Anlo, &. iv. 369
Anio, a tributary of the Tiber, now
Teverone. A. vn. 688
AniuB, a king of Delos, priest of
Apollo, A. III. 80
514
Anna, sister of Dido, A. TV. 9, 20,
81, 416, 421. 500, 634
Antaeus, a Latin, A. X. 561
Antandros, a town of Mysia, at
the foot of Mt. Ida, A. m. 6
Antenmae, a Sabine town on the
Anio, A. vn. 631
Antenor, a Trojan, founder of
Patavium, now Padua, A. I. 242 ;
hence Antenorides, son of An-
tenor, A. VI. 484
Antheus, a Trojan, A. I. 181, 510 ;
xn. 443
Antigenes, a shepherd, B. v. 89
Antiphates, son of Sarpedon, A. ix.
696
Antonius, the triumvir, Marcus
Antonius, defeated by Octavius
at Actium, 31 B.O., A. vui.
685
Antores, an Argive with Evander,
A. X. 778, 779
Anubis, an Egyptian, dog-headed
god, A. vm. 698
Anxur, a Butulian, A. x. 545
Anxurus, adj. of Anxur, old name
of Terradna, A. vn. 799
Aones, a^. Aonian, Boeotian, E. vi.
65
Aonius, adj. Aonian, Boeotian, with
vertex ( « Mt. Helicon), O. lu.
11 ; also Aonie, E. x. 12
Aomos, Lake Avemus, now Lago
d'Avemo, A. Vl. 242
Aphaea, an epithet of BritomartLs,
Ci. 803
Aphidnus, a Trojan, A. ix. 702
Apollo, son of Jupiter and Latona,
and twin-brother of Diana, B. lii.
104, etc.
Appenninus, the Apennines, the
main mountain-range of Italy,
A. xn. 703; also Appenninioola,
dweller in the Apenmnes, A. xi.
700
Aquarius, the water-bearer, a sign
of the Zodiac, O. iii. 304
Aquiculus. a Butulian. A. ix 684
Aquilo, tne North wind, or the
North, Q. I. 460; il. 113, 261,
834, 404; in. 196; A. I. 102,
391; ni. 285: iv. 310; v. 2;
vn. 361 ; Ci. 145
Arabs, an Arab, 0. ii. 115 ; A, vm.
706 ; and Arabus, adj. A. vn.
605; Ci. 238
I
INDEX
synthtiB, a mountain between
tt;ica and Boeotia, B, n. 24
s, rocky islets between Sicily
cLd Africa, A. I. 109
ris, a river of Gaul, now the
adne, J?. I. 62
kxes, a river of Armenia, A. yiii.
2S
3a.dia, a district in the interior of
:.lie Peloponnesus, B. ly. 58, 59 ;
*c. 26 ; O, ni. 392 ; A. VIII. 159 ;
X.. 420 ; also Arcadius, adj.
Arcadian, O. lY. 283 ; A, Y. 299 ;
VIII. 573 ; X. 425 ; xn. 272 ;
and Areas, adj. with plural, as
substantive, the Arcadians, B.
VII. 4, 26 ; x. 31, 33 ; A. vni.
51, 102, 129, 352, 518 ; X. 239,
364, 397, 452, 491 ; XI. 93, 142,
395, 835: xn. 231. 281, 518, 651,
Lrcena, a Sicilian. A. ix. 581, 583
Lrcetius, a ButulCan. A. xn. 459
Lrchippus, an Umbrian. A. YU. 752
Aretes, tlie constellation of the
Great and Little Bear, or the
North, Q. I. 138, 245,246; ^.Yl.
16
Arcturus, the brightest star in
Bodtes. whose rising and setting
are attended by bad weather.
O. I. 68, 204 ; A. I. 744 ; III. 516
Ardea, capital of the Rutulians,
A. Yll. 411, 412, 631 ; IX. 738 ;
xu. 44
Arethusa: (1) a fountain near
Syracuse, A. in. 696 ; (2) the
nymph of the fountain, O. lY.
344, 351 ; (3) a SicUian Muse,
£. X. 1
Argl, city of Argos. capital of
Argolis in the Peloponnesus,
sacred to Juno, and representa-
tive of Greece in general, ^. i. 24,
285 ; n. 05, 178, 326 ; Yl. 838 ;
vn. 286; x. 779, 782; also
Arglvus. adj. of Argos, with
maso. piur. the Greelu, A. I. 40,
650 ; n. 254, 893 ; m. 547 ;
* V. 672 ; vn. 672. 794 ; XI. 243 ;
XII. 544; Cu. 335; Argolicus,
adj. Argive, Greek, A. ii. 55, 78,
119, 177 ; in. 283, 637 ; Y. 52,
814 ; vni. 374 ; IX. 202 ; X. 56;
Cu. 803
Arglletum, a street in Borne con-
necting the Forum with the
Subura, A. Ym. 845 (where see
note on the word)
Argitis, a vine with white grapes
(cp. argentum), O. n. 99
Argo, the ship in which Jason sailed
to Colchis for the golden fleece,
B. lY. 34 ; hence Argous, adj.,
Cu. 137
Argus : (1) the hundred-eyed
keeper of lo, slain by Mercury,
A. Yll. 791 ; (2) a fabled guest
of Evander, A. YUi. 346
Argyripa. a town of Apulia, founded
by Diomedes of Argos, later
called Arpi, A. Xi. 246
Aricia, a town of Latium, now
Riccio, A. Yll. 762 (where the
reference may be to a nymph of
the place)
Arion, of Methynma in Lesbos, a
semi-legendary poet and musician.
When sailing home from Sicily
with treasure, he leapt into the
sea to escape from murderous
sailors and was rescued by a
dolphin, B. vm. 56
Arisba, a town of the Troad, ^1. ix.
264
Aristaeus, son of Apollo and Cyrene,
and a god of shepherds, O. lY. 317,
350, 355, 437
Ariusius, adj. of Ariusia, a district
in Chios, B. y. 71
Armenius, adj. Armenian, B. y. 29
Arna, a town of Lycia, Cu. 14
Arpi (see Argyripa), A. x. 2S; xi.
250. 428
Arquitenens, adj., holding a bow ;
as subst. the Archer-god, i.e.
Apollo, A. m. 75
Arruns, an Etruscan, A. xi. 759,
763, 784, 806, 814. 853, 864
Asbytes, a Trojan, A. xn. 362
Ascanius : (1) a river in Bithjmia,
O. ni. 270 ; (2) a son of Aeneas
and Creusa, called also lUlus,
A. I. 267, ete.
Ascareus, adj. of Ascra, a town in
Boeotia, where the Greek poet
Hesiod, author of Workt and
Days, was born, B. Yl. 70;
Q. II. 176 ; Cu. 96
Asilas, an Etruscan, A. ix. 571 ;
X. 175; XI. 620; Xll. 127. 550
Asius, adj. of Asia, originally a
town of Lydia ; hence, of the
515
L L 2
INDEX
region round about, O. I. 383 ;
IV. 343 ; A. vn. 701 ; In a wider
sense, of the province of Asia,
witli the fern, as a noun, Asia,
O. n. 171 ; in. 30 ; A. i. 385 ;
11. 193, 557; m. 1; vn. 224;
X. 01; XI. 208; xn. 15; Ca.
m. 4
Asius, a Trojan. A. x. 123
Assarad, two Irojans, A. X. 124
Assaracus, son of Tros, and father
of Capys, Q. m. 35 ; A. I. 284 ;
VI. 650, 778 ; IX. 259, 643 ; xn.
127
Assyrius, adj, of Asssrria, E. iv. 25 ;
O. n. 465 ; a. 440 ; Cu. 62
Asteria, i.e. Delos, so named from
Asteria, daughter of the Titan
Coeus, who was here thrown into
the sea, Cu. 15
Astyanax, son of Hector, A. n.
457 ; m. 480
Astyr, an Etruscan, A. x. 180, 181
Asylum, the depression between
the two summits of the Capitoline
hill in Rome, wliich Romulus
made a place of refuge, A. vm.
342
Athenae, Athens, Ci. 22, 469
AtheslB, a river in Venetia, now
the Adige, A. ix. 680
Athos, a mountain in Macedonia
on the Strymonlan Gulf, now
Monte Santo, Q. I. 332 ; A, xil.
701 ; Cu. 31
Atii. a Roman gens; the mother
01 Augustus was Atia, A. v. 568
Atilius, Ca. xn. 5
Atina, a town of the Volscians, A.
VII. 630
Atinas, a Latin, A. xi. 869 ; xn.
661
Atlantis, a daughter of Atlas, A.
vin. 135 ; plur. the Pleiades, his
daughters, a constellation, O. i.
221
Atlas, son of lapetus, father of
Electra and Mala, changed by
Perseus, through tiie help of
Medusa s head, into Mount Atlas,
in northern Africa, A. 1. 741 ; rv.
247, 248, 481; VI. 796; Vlll.
136, 140, 141
Atrides, son of Atreus : Agamem-
non, Cu. 334 ; Menelaus, A. xi.
262; plur. of both sons, A. I.
516
468; n. 104, 415, 500; vm.
130 ; IX. 138, 602
Attalicus, adj. of Attalus,JJie name
of several kings of Fergamos.
One of these. Attains III., left
his enormous wealth to the
Roman people, Cu. 63
Atticus, adj. of Attica or Athens,
Ca. n. 3 ; Ci. 115
Atys, a young Trojan, A. v. 568,
569
Aufidus, a river of Apulia, now
Ofanto, A. XI. 405
Augustus, imperial title of Octavius
Caesar, A. vi. 792 ; vm. 678
Aulestes, an Etruscan, A. x. 207 ;
xn. 290
Aulis, a town of Boeotia, whence
the Greeks sailed for Troy, A. iv.
426
Annus, a Ligurian, A, xi. 700,
717
Aurora, goddess of the morning,
daughter of Hyperion, wife of
Tithonus, and mother of Mem-
non ; used for the eastern world,
the East ; G. 1. 249, 447 ; iv.
544, 552 ; A. I. 751 ; m. 521,
589 ; IV. 7, 129, 568, 585 ; V. 65,
105; VI. 535; vn. 26, 606;
vm. 686 ; IX. Ill, 460 ; x. 241 ;
XI. 1, 182; xn. 77; Cu. 44;
L.72
Auruncus, adj. of Aurunca, an old
town of Campania: phir. Au-
runci, the oldest inhabitants of
Italy; A. vn. 206, 727, 795;
X. 353; XII. 94
Ausonia, land of the Ausones
(Ausonidae or Ausonii), ancient
name of the people of southern
Italy ; hence, Italy, A. in. 477,
479, 496 ; VII. 55, 623 ; IX. 136 ;
X. 54. 356 ; XI. 58
Ausoniaae (see Ausonia), A, X. 564 ;
XI. 297 ; XII. 121
Ausonius, adj. Ausonian, Italian,
O. II. 885 ; A. in. 171, etc.
Auster, the south wind; plur.
winds in general ; B. n. 58;
V. 82 ; O. I. 241, 333, 418, 462 ;
n. 188, 333, 429 ; in. 278, 357 ;
IV. 261 ; A. I. 51, 536 ; n. Ill,
304 ; in. 61, 70, 357, 481 ; v.
696, 764; VI. 336; vm. 430;
IX. 670
INDEX
vomedon, charioteer of Achilles,
1. II. 477
ei^-binus : (1) a son of Hercules
•,rk<^ Rhea, A. vil. 657 ; (2) the
^^vexitme, one of Rome's seven
nills, A. vn. 659; vm. 231
/erxxuB. adj. of Avemus, a lake
nestr Cumae in Campania, in an
old volcanic (xater. It was said
t>hka,t birds flying over it were
killed by the fumes rising up,
a.iid popular etymology connected
t^lie name with aopw;, birdless
(see A. VI. 242). Tradition
placed near this an entrance to
t>lie lower world, hence the word
Clx>th as adj. and subst.) is used
of the lower world itself ; O. ii.
164; IV. 493; A. ni. 442;
IV. 512 ; V. 732, 813 ; vi. 118,
126, 201, 564, 898 ; Vll. 91
eaccheius, adj. of Bacchus, O. ii.
454
Bacchus, son of Jupiter and
Semele, god of wine and of poets ;
also used figuratively of the vine
and of wine ; E. v. 69 : O. n. 113,
380, etc.
Hactra, capital of Bactriana, a
remote district between Hindoo
Koosh and the Oxus, now Balkh,
in Afghanistan, G. ll. 138; A.
VIII. 688
Baiae, a town of Campania, a
favourite seaside resort of the
Romans, A. ix. 710
Balearis, adj. Balearic, of the
Balearic Islands Majorca and
Minorca, whose people were
famous xor the use of the sling,
6.1. 309
Barcaei, Barcaeans, or people of
Barce, in Libya, A. iv. 43
Battarus, D. 1, 14, 30, 54, 64, 71,
97
Batulum, a town of Campania, A.
VII. 739
Bavius, a poetaster, contemporary
with Virgil, E. ra. 90
Bebrydus, adj. of Bebryda or
Bithynia, a province of Asia
Minor, A, V. 873
Bels^cus, adj. Belgian, or of the
Belgae, a Gallio tribe which.
like the Britons, used war-
chariots, O. in. 204
Belides, son of Belus, or descended
from Belus, A. ll. 82
Bellona, sister of Mars, and goddess
of war, A. vn. 319 : vm. 703
Belus : (1) founder of Dido's royal
line, A. l. 729, 730 ; (2) father
of iMdo, A. I. 621
Benacus, one of the Italian lakes,
near Verona, now Lago di Garda,
G. n. 160 ; A. X. 205
Berecsmtius, adj. of Berecyntus, a
mountain in Phrygia, sacred to
Cybele, A. vi. 784 ; ix. 82, 619
Beroe : (1) one of the Oceamdae,
or ocean nymphs, G. iv. 340 ;
(2) wife of Doryclus, A. v. 620,
646, 650
Bianor, founder of Mantua, E. ix. 60
Bisaltae, a Thracian tribe on the
Strymon, G. m. 461
Bistonius, adj., and Bistonis, adj.
fem.^ Bistoniau or Thracian, the
Bistones being a people of Thrace,
a. 165 ; Cu. 252
Bitias : (1) a Tyrian noble, A. i.
738 ; (2) a Trojan, A. IX. 672,
703 ; XI. 396
Bocchus, a king of Mauretania, cp.
Cu. 406
Boethus, a famous sculptor and
engraver on silver, Cu. 67
Bola, a town of Latium, A. vi. 775
Bootes. Bo5tM, a constellation, to
. which Arcturus belongs ; it sets
from Oct. 29 to Nov. 2. G. l. 229
Boreas, the North wind, E. vii.
51; G. I. 93, 370; U. 316;
m. 278; A. m. 687; iv. 442:
xn. 365; i>. 37; also, personified
as Boreas, son of the river-god
Strymon, and wedded to Ori-
thyia, A. x. 350
Briareus, a hundred-armed giant,
A. VI. 287
Britanni, the Britons, E. I. 66;
G. III. 25
Britomartis, a dau^ter of Jupiter
and Carme. Being wooed by
Minos, she fled into the sea, but
was rescued by Diana. In Crete
she was wor^pped under the
name Dictyna, Cl 295, 296
Brixia, a town in Oallia Cisalpina,
now Bresda, Ca. x. 5
517
Bramlin, uother oi
INDEX
Co. 20 -«'«B«!chnB. .tod b
Byrw, clt4del of (iriJiw, A. i. 397
'*^'' f "'° "' Vu'cui, ■ fabulous
^hT A v?« """"^ ■" ' '"^^
aos. 218. m° B«, E59™M "^'
i™l,L°' t^«<l™"s. toundar oi tSo
nence. Theban, Cu, 254; bo
of C,
100,1
A 'lit M8 '''™'' "' •"'""'«''
Cieneus; (Da Theaaallan girl
lunKd Caenis, tran^farEned Into
■ boy by Neptune, and later
resloren to her origlnaJ my A.
TI. *^8; (2) a Trojan waiilot,
CaerateuB, oi«. ot Caeratus, a
aniall river of Pret*, near Cnossus,
now Karl«ro, Cl 113
Caere, an indent cJty of Etrurtn,
once called Agylla, now Cerve-
Kr»,A "■" "•■'■ - ■-■
Calliope (.aa) ' f-^u __
7* si™™™..
aeioiia, bo
Caeriilm,
,'Ca.x
B lodging
*M, 307 ; II. 270 — ' — '".
olS' ir° ^5?" '"'""' Of «,,
"^r^ofL-Tn-iSi^-t*
How(
" uiB ciliiana to dmin"
Julian e"" • nence (ij v. Jullua
QMSor, tlie renowned general,
itatoDMui and dictator, auauin-
Inn tbe dry Und Ihui fo,^
Camilla, a Volacian heroine A m
803 ; XI. 432, 49S, S35, S« 'sSi'
004, 649, 667, ^0. 7«o'jS?
821, 833, 83fl, fcfl, afes, M2 SM
who took Veil, ud freed bZ^
n,
'i^
INDEX
LTOxaa the Gauls, 390 B.C., O, ll.
XOO ; ^. VI. 825; Cu. 362
,Tx^X>&nus, €bdj, of Campania, A. x.
X4:5
i.T^c»pus, a town on the western
mouth of the Nile, Q. iv. 287
%X>^i^us, adj. of Capena, a town in
TB-fcruria, A. vil. 697
a.X^^cx'cns, a promontory of the
Island Euboea, A. xi. 260 ; Cu,
354
3a.x>itoliuin, the Capitol hill in
Home, A. vi. 836 ; vm. 347, 653 ;
XX. 448
C*skx>reae. now Capri, an island just
outsiae the Bay of Naples, A. Yll.
735
Oa.pua, chief city of Campania,
now Santa Maria, G'. Ii. 224
Oapys : (1) a companion of Aeneas,
said to have founded Capua, A. I.
183 ; II. 35 ; ix. 576 : x. 145 ;
(2) the eighth king of Alba, A, vi.
768
Car (pZttf. Cares), a Carian, of
Caria in Asia Minor, ^. vm. 725
Carme, daushter of Phoenix, and
mother of Britomartis, Ci. 220,
278, 285
Carmentalis, adj. of Carmentis,
A. vm. 338
Carmentis. mother of Evander, A.
vm. 336, 839
Carpathius. adj. of Carpathus, an
island in the Aegean, now
Scarpanto, O. iv. 387 ; A. v.
696 ; Ci. 113
Casmilla, mother of Camilla, A. xi.
643
Casperia, a Sabine town, A. vn. 714
Caspins, adj. of the Caspii, a nation
of Media ; Caspian, A. vi. 798
Cassandra, daughter of Friam and
Hecuba, beloved of Apollo, and
gifted by him with prophecy ;
though she proclaimed the down-
fall of Troy, she was believed by
no one, A. II. 246, 343, 404;
in. 183, 187 ; V. 636 ; x. 68
Cassiopea, wife of Cepheus, and
mother of Andromeda: she
finally became a constellation,
Ca. IX. 28
Castalia, a fountain of Parnassus,
sacred to Apollo and the Muses,
Q. m. 293 ; Cu. 17
Castor : (1) son of Tyndarus and
Leda, brother of Helen and
Pollux, identified witii the con-
stellation Qemini, served as a
guide to sailors, Ca. x. 25 ;
(2) a Trojan, A. X. 124
Castrum Inui, Fort of Inuus, a
town of the Prisd Latini, in
Latium, A. VI. 775
Catilina, %.e. L. Sergius Catiline,
who conspired for the downfall
of B«me, A. vm. 668
Catillus, one of the founders of
Tibur, A. vil. 672 ; Xi. 640
Cato : (1) M. Porcius Cato, the
Censor, a stern moralist, A. vi.
841 ; (2) M. Porcius Cato, called
Uticensis, because he killed
himself at Utica, A. vm. 670
Caucasius, adj. of Caucasus, where
an eagle devoured the liver of
the enchained Prometheus, E. vi.
42 ; Q. II. 440
Caucasus, a mountain-range be-
tween the Black and Caspian
Seas, A. iv. 367
Caulon, a town on the east coast
of Bruttium in southern Italy,
A. m. 553
Caurus (or Corns), the north-west
whid, G. m. 278, 356 ; A. v. 126 ;
Ci. 460
Caystros, the Cayster, a river of
Ionia, now the Little Meander^
Q. I. 384
Cea, the island of Ceos, in the
Aegean, Q. l. 14
Cecropidae, the Athenians, so-
called because Cecrops was the
fabled founder of Athens, A. vi.
21
Cecropius, 04;. of Cecrops, Athenian,
Attic, O. IV. 177, 270 ; Ca. ix.
Celaeno, one of the Harpies, A. m.
211, 246, 365, 718
Celemna, a town of Campania, A.
vn. 739
Celeus, a king of Eleusis, father of
Triptolemus, O. I. 165
Centauri, fabled monsters with
human heads and equine bodies,
O. n. 456 ; A. VI. 286 ; vn. 276 ;
also Centaureus, adj. Cu. 29
Centaurus, name of a ship, A. v.
122, 165, 167 ; x. 196
519
r
;OVN
t '"^ 1.:. •■>^- '"■• *•-'*
^ t,^ «l»il^ -
, ^. '
\ ,,nV\«
I •
I
1 \ ■ . .■-.''*
«1»V«»V.
i , » ' '•
Cat
fi
C.
h( ^
wn
Caeci -■•
foil
681
Caedii
747
A.i:
Caeneu
name
a bo
restor
VI. 41
A. IX.
Caerateii
small ri
now K;-
Caere, an
once ca
tcre, A.
Caerulus, :
house, Cc
Caesar, a
Julian gff
Caesar, t
statesman
518
INDEX
ptian king who settled in Deiphobe, a priestess of Apollo,
38 ; hence, Greek, A. m. A. Yi. 26
The plural Danai, the Deiphobus, a son of Priam, A. n.
eks, jL. I. 30, and often 210 ; vi. 495, 500, 610, 644
Ills, a mythical Sicilian shep- Delia, a girl, E. in. 67 : tee Delius
d, B. II. 26; m. 12 ; v. 20, Delos, an Island in the Aegean,
. 27, 20, 80, 41, 43, 51, 52, 57, birthplace of Apollo and Diana,
, 66 ; vn. 1, 7, 8, 68, 72, 76, (?. in. 6 ; A. iv. 144 ; Ci. 473 ;
, 81, 83, 84, 86, 90, 93, 94, 100, with adj. Delius, Delia, of Delos,
*2, 104, 109 ; vm. 83 ; ix. 46, used of Apollo and Diana, E.
> VII. 29; A, in. 162; vi. 12;
dania, the Trojan land, Troy, Cu. 110
.. II. 281, 325; III. 52, 166; Demodocus, an Arcadian, A, X.
I. 65 ; VIII. 120 ; Cu. 323 413
rdanides, son of, or descendant Demoleos, a Greek, A. T. 260, 265
>f,Dardanus; especially Aeneas; Demophoon : <1) a Trojan, A. xi.
n plur. the Trojans, A. l. 560; 675; (2) son of Theseus, Cu. 131.
II . 59, 72, 242, 445 ; in. 94 ; V. 45, 133
386, 576, 622 ; VI. 85, 482 ; Dercennus, an ancient Latin king,
VII. 105 ; IX. 293, 660 ; x. 4, A. Xl. 850
263, 545 ; XI. 353 ; xii. 549, Deucalion, a son of Prometheus,
585, 622, 775 who with Pyrrha survived the
>ardanis, a daughter of Dardanus, flood, O. I. 62 (cf. E. vi. 41)
i.e. a Trojan woman, A. n. 787 Diana, sister of Apollo, and goddess
>ardanius, aij. of Dardanus, i.e. of the moon. A. i. 499 ; in.
of Troy, Trojan, E. n. 61 ; A. 681 ; iv. 511 ; vii. 306, 764,
I. 494, and often ; also Dardanus, 769; xi. 537, 582, 652, 843,
A. II. 618; IV. 662; V. 119; 867; Ci. 297
VI. 57 ; VII. 219 : Xl. 287 Dictaeus, adj. of Dicte, a mountain
Dardanus, son of Jupiter and in Crete, in a cave of which
Electra, founder of the house of Jupiter was born, E. vi. 56 ;
Priam and Aeneas, A. in. 167, O. n. 636 ; iv. 162 ; A. in.
503 ; IV. 366 ; VI. 650 ; vn, 171 ; rv. 73 ; Ci. 300 ; Cu. 276
207, 240 ; vm. 134 Dictyna, another name of Brlto-
Dares : (1) a Trojan boxer, A. v. martis, Ci. 245, 306
369, 875, 406, 417, 456, 460, Dido, founder of Carthage, A. I.
463, 476, 483 ; (2) a Trojan 299 ; iv. 60, etc.
warrior, A. xn. 863 Didymaon, a worker in metal,
Daucius, adj. of Daucus, a Butulian A. v. 359
noble, A. x. 891 Dindyma, a mountain in Mysia
Baulis, adj. Daulian, of Daulis, a sacred to Cybele, A. ix. 618;
city in Phods. Ci. 200 x. 252
Daunus, a mythical king of Apulia, Diomedes, son of Tydeus, famous
A. X. 616, 688; xn. 22. 90. as a Greek hero at Troy ; founder
934 ; with Daunius, adj. of of Argjrripa, A. I. 762 ; vill. 9 ;
Daunus, A. vm. 146 ; xn. 723, X. 581 ; XI. 226, 243
785 Dionaeus, adj. of Dione, the mother
Dedi, two Romans, both named of Venus, E. ix. 47 ; A. in. 19
P. Becius Mus, who devoted Diores, a Trojan, A. v. 297, 324,
themselves to death for their 339, 345; xn. 609
country, one at the battle of Dioxippus, a Trojan, A. ix. 674
VoBeris, the other at that of Dira, properly adj. fern, of dirus,
Sentinnm, 0. ii. 169 ; A. vi. a Fury, A. xn. 869 ; plur. Dirae,
824 ; Cu. 861 Furies, A. iv. 473 ; vin. 701 ;
Deiopea, a nymph, 0. iv. 343 ; xn. 846
A. I. 72 Dircaeus, adj. of Dirce, a fountain
523
INDEX
near Thebes ; hence, Theban, living between the Amhrs
E. II. 24 and Malian ftulfs, ^. TV. 14B
Dls, god of the lower world, Pluto, Dryopa, a Trojan, j±. x. 346
G. r?. 467, 519 ; A. iv. 702 ; Dulichinra, an island near /thr
V. 731; VI. 127, 269, 397, 541 ; A. in. 271 ; with Ihilkhi
yn. 568 ; vm. 667 ; xn. 199 ; adj. of Dulichinm, and so.
Cu. 271, 273, 275, 286, 872 ; Ulysses, B. vi. 76 ; Ci. 60
7>. 66 Dymas, a Trojan, ^. u. 340, 3f'<
Discordia, Discord (personified), A. 428
VI. 280 ; vni. 702
Dodona, a place in Epirus, famous
for its oak grove and oracle of Ebysus, a Trojan, A. xu. 299
Jupiter, O. I. 149; with Dodo- Echidna, mother of Scylla, Ci. "
naeus, adj. of Dodona, A. in. 466 Echioniun, adj. of Kchion. v;
Dolichaon, a Trojan, A, x. 696 aided Cadmus in building Theb^ :
Dolon, a Trojan, who. for the hence, Theban, A. xn. 515
promised reward of the <^ariot Eddnes (or Edoni), a people ■"
and horses of Achilles, undertook Thrace, Ci. 165 ; 'with Edoni:.
to explore the Greek camp by adj. Thracian, A. xn. 365
night, but, falling into the hands Egeria, a njrmph of I^atium \r'i
of Ulysaes and Diomedes, met became the wife of Numa, A. n:
death at the latter's hands, A. 763, 775
XII. 347 ; Cu. 328 Egestas, Want (a personification .
Dolopes, a people of Thessaly, A. A. Yl. 276
II. 7, 29, 415, 785 Electra, daughter of Atlas, A. vm.
Donjrsa, a small island in the 135, 136
Aegean, east of Naxos, now Eleusinus, adj. of Elensis, a citv
Denusa, famous for its green in Attica, where Demeter (Cere^'
marble, A. ill. 125 ; Ci. 476 was worshipped, O. i. 163
Doricus, adj. of the Dorians ; Elis, a district in the western
more generally of the Greeks, Peloponnesus, famous for its
A. u. 27 : VI. 88 ; also Doris, city Olympia, where the Olsrmpic
fern. adj. Doric. Greek, Cu. 336 games were held, A. m. 694 ;
Doris, a sea-nymph, wife of Nerens, vi. 588 ; with £lSus,a<fi. Elean.
used of the sea itself. E. x. 5 Olympian, O. in. 202 ; and
Doryclus, a Trojan, husband of Ellas, fern. adj. O. l. 59
Beroe, A. v. 620, 647 Elissa, a name of Dido, A. n.
Doto, a sea-nymph, A. ix. 102 335, 610; v. 3
Drances, a Latin, opposed to Elysium, the abode of the blest
Tumus, A. XI. 122. 220, 336, in the lower world, A. v. 735;
878, 384, 443 ; XU. 644 VI. 744 ; with Elvsius, adj.
Drepanum. a town on the west Elsrsian, Cl^. I. 38 ; A. vi. 542;
coast of Sicily, now Trapanl, Cu. 260
A. in. 707 Emathia, a part of Macedonia,
Drusus, a famous Roman name ; O. l. 492 ; rv. 390 ; with
especially M. Livius Drusus, Emathius, adj.^ Ci. 84
conqueror of Hasdrubal, and Emathion, a Butulian, A. ix. 571
Tiberius Drusus Nero, son of Enceladus, a giant, killed by a
Livia, the wife of Augustus, thunderbolt of Jupiter and buried
A. VI. 824 under Mt. Etna, A» in. 578;
Dryades, the Dryads, or Wood- iv. 179
nymphs, E. v. 59 ; O. I. 11 ; Enipeus, a river of Thessaly, 0. iv.
in. 40 ; IV. 460 ; Cu. 116 868
Drymo, a sea-nymph, 0. iv. 836 Entellus, a Sicilian boxer, A. v.
Dryope, a nymph, A. X. 651 387, 889, 437, 443, 446, 462,
Dryopes, an early people of Greece, 472
524
INDEX
-X>^os, !Bpeus, inventor of the
Trojan horse, A. ii. 264
!^X>liialtes, a son of Aloeus and
lorother of Otus, killed by Apollo
'When storming heaven, Cu. 235
E-phyre. a nymph, O. iv. 343
E^-phyreius, adj. of Ephyra, an
ancient name of Corinth, O. n. 464
E^lpidanrus, a city of Argolis in
Greece, O. in. 44
^Bpirua, a district of Greece border-
ing on the Adriatic, G. I. 59;
in. 121 ; A. in. 292, 513
^Elpulo, a Latin, A. xn. 459
^Bpytides, guardian of Ascanius,
A. V. 647, 579
liLpytus, a Trojan, A. n. 340
li^rato, one of the Muses, A. VII. 37
Srebus, the god of darkness ; the
lower world, O. iv. 471 ; il. rv.
26, 510; VI. 247, 404, 671;
VII. 140 ; with Erebous, adj.
Cu. 202
IBrechthSus, adj. of Erechtheus, a
fabled king of Athens, Ci. 22
lEretum, a Sabine city on the Tiber,
now Cretona, A. Vil. 711
:Ericetes, a Trojan, A. X. 749
Erichthonius : (1) an ancient king
of Athens, G. in. 113 ; with
Erichthonius, adj. Athenian, Cu.
30 ; (2) a son of Dardanus, king
of Troy ; hence Erichthonius,
adj. Trojan, Cu. 336, 344
Eridanus, Greek name for the
Padus, or Po, G. l. 482; iv.
372 ; il. VI. 659
Erigone, a daughter of Icarius,
who became the constellation
Virgo, G. I. 33
Erinys, a Fury, A. ll. 337, 573 ;
vn. 447, 570 ; Cu. 246
Eriphyle, wife of Ampliiaraus, and
mouier of Alcmaeon, who be-
trayed her husband for a golden
necklace, A. vi. 445
Erulus, a king of Praeneste, A.
Tin. 563
Erymanthus, a mountain in Ar-
cadia, A. V. 448 ; VI. 802
Erymas, a Trojan, A. ix. 702
Eryx : (1) a son of Venus and king
of Sicily, killed by Hercules in
a boxing-match, A. i. 570 ;
V. 24, 392, 402, 412, 419, 483,
630, 772; Ca. IX. 6; (2) a
mountain and town of Sicily,
A. XII. 701 ; hence Bryclnus,
adj. of Eryx, Sicilian, A. V. 759;
X. 36
Etruria, the country of the
Etruscans, in Italy, G. II. 533 ;
A. vm. 494 ; xn. 232
Etruscus, adj. Etruscan, A. vin.
480, 503 ; IX. 150, 521 ; X. 148,
180, 238, 429 ; XI. 598
Euadne, wife of Capaneus. who
burned herself on her husband's
funeral-pile, JL. vi. 447
Euandrus or Euander, the king of
Pallanteum who welcomed Ae-
neas, A. vm. 52, 100, 119,
185, 313, 360, 455, 545, 558;
IX. 9; X. 148, 870, 420, 492,
615, 780; XI. 26, 31, 45, 55,
140, 148, 394, 835; xn. 184,
551; with Euandrius, adj.
used of Evander's son, Pallas,
A. X. 394
Euanthes, a Phrygian in the Trojan
force, A. X. 702
Euboicus, adj. of Euboea, the
island east of Attica and Boeotia,
A. VI. 2, 42 ; IX. 710 ; XI. 260 ;
Cu. 355
Eumedes, a Trojan, A. xn. 346
Eumelus, a Trojan, A. v. 665
Eumenides, the Furies, G. I. 278 ;
IV. 483; A. IV. 469; Vi. 250,
280, 376
Euneus, a Trojan, A. XI. 666
Euphrates, a river of Asia, used
also of the nations dwelling near
it, <?. I. 609 ; IV. 561 ; A. vni.
726
Europa, Europe, A. I. 385 ; vil.
224 ; X. 91
Eurotas, a river of Laoedaemon,
flowing by Sparta, E. vi. 83 ;
A. I. 498
Eurus, the south-east wind ; used
also of wind in general, G. i.
371, 453 ; II. 107, 339, 441 ;
in. 277, 382; iv. 29, 192; A,
I. 85, 110, 131, 140, 383; II.
418 ; VIII. 223 : xn. 733 ; Ci.
25; D. 38; with Eurous, adj.
Eastern, A. ni. 533
Euryalus, a Trojan, friend of
Nisus, A. V. 294, 295, 322, 323,
334, 337, 343; IX. 179, 185,
198, 231, 281, 320, 342, 359,
525
Burr^ca. wife of 0:, , _. ...
48B. iM, G19, t&, 520, GST,
MT : Cu. £68, £87
Eniyprliu, ■ QrMk, A. n. Ill
EuryiUieiia. ■ Ung at Ujioenae,
ths ea«my of Harculee, O. iii.
4 ; A. nil. ze2
Enr^UdeB, son o( Euiytua, f ,<.
> TtoiaP, A. T. 4S5,
INDEX
4£1, 4Sa, Furt^ Fury (pflraonlflotJo:
EOddesa of Tengsanoe. G.
a- ?7: ^'f^- 251. S31; VI. (
Enrrlld
donu.. -
EiirrUon. _
S14, B4t
Oabll, s town or Ijittum, J
77S : with OaMtms, of ti
_ OBblne, A. Til. 612, 482
, 777
Italian goddesa, reUted
9, to whom aeversl
«6rB dedlcBted, A. yii.
Ettuils, A. Til. 095
'iwn of Latlum, Hve
QaetQiiis. GaetulLaD, ui me iiiii
on African people. In Monf
A. IT. 10, 328 ; v. 51, 192 S."
Fabarls, > tiibotar]' of the Tiber,
A. Til. 716
blitoty ; eapeolttUy of Q. Fablus
Maiimua, th< famous general
oppOMd to Hannibal, A. Ti.
845 ; Cu. 3«l
Fabrldm, the conqueror of Pyrrhus,
.*. Tl. 84* ' .
Fadua, a Rutullan, A. U. 311
Falernue, adj. Faletnlan, of the
Falernlaa terrltot;. Id Campania,
FallBcl, « people of Etturia; «m
Faunus, ion ot Plcui, and father of
LutinuBi also IdentUed with
the Greek Pan, and (In pJur.)
with the Satyrs, fi. vi. 27 ; O.
I. 10. 11: A. Tii ■' -" "■
IDS 213. £51, see
X. 651; If" -^' —
Faronla. an
to lelh
grOTea v
800; yi>
Fescennlni
FidSn
^ "■ 128 ; <8) a I^tln, .
QaJlla" GauL (.» Oallia Cualfiv
In the Dorth of Italy Cs i l'
with Oalllom, atsTaalllc' »pnL-
able to Qaui Id seowi'
GbIIhi
C. Cor
<1) ■
656, 957 ; (2
GaJlue,
uicuiuor ui the land-co'iDiii'
slon. helped Virgil to reoover 1^
farm. Later ho becotne ti
first prefect of Eevnt B vi lii
X, 2, 3, 6. 10, 22, ri.73
Gaoguldae, a people near lb
Qanges In India, O. in. £7
Ganges, the famous river of iDdii
Oanymedea, Touthful son of Lsom
edon, carried off to heaven t>i
E. T
Garami
ll'
es, Llb'yi
Apulia,' A.
' people _. ,„,
A. VI. 7»4, with
od;. of the Gari-
of Ubja,
s, *y. FUvinlan, <,. , „
1 Etruria, A. Vll. 896
1 "PJl""^ (peraonlflcalloD),
2V! "'""^ "'
srgua, plur., Oargirus, monn-
t^ns of the Ida range Id Hvala
1 ' 103 ; III. 268
city, now Terra Nuova, by
with GelSua, all O^oau'
. 701
. one of the OeloDl. a 8cy-
nythic tluee-boiUed momtei tn
^pBln, wliose oxen were c&riled all
ly IlerciileB, i. TH.SSZ; viii.202
tae, & ThrBcIan tilba od the
nanul>e, O. in. 482 ; iv. ibi ;
A. VII. 604; with Oetlcus, »(f.
Oetlc, A. m. 35
leanteuB, adj. of tha Olanta,
fabled BoUB of Earth and Tar-
taiua. Bmltton by the bolla of
Jupiter, Ci. BO; Cu. a§
laucuB -. (1) a sea-deity, O, I.
INDEX
Eadrtacm, <Ktf. <
437 ;
. 823;
r,.4.TI. 483; (S)
Bon of Imbrasus. A. in. 343
InoaluH, adj. of OnoBuB, t1
ancient capital of Crete, 6.
222; A, in. 116: T. 306 ; y
^ 23, 586 ; IX, 305 ; Ci. 280
chief one belDg Mednia.
range, now Oretit Balksn, 0. I.
RutuUan, X.' 862, 411, 417, 422,
the
with Jupiter, A. 1
\ Libyan god Identified
(where venenit refers to the
Gortynlua, adj. of Gortyna
of Crete, B. vi. 80 ; A. xl, 773 ;
B41 Harpalycua, a Trojan, A. ii, «75
renom Harnyla, a Hiirny, a nioneter with
a human head, but the body of ■
m. 212, 228, 24B; TI.
bruB : (1) a river ot Thrace, now
I. 317;
462,
; Cm.
A. ri. 842
Oraluaena, one born i
ni.%0: vm. 127
Gr^us, ad}. Greek, a. n. IS, <
(38 Instanceal
Gta'decae. a Mwn of Etrnrla, A ■
Orynetu, adj. of Qrynia, a town
AeoliB where Apollo was n
shipped, B. VI. H ; A. iv. ;
Gyirca, an Island ot the Aege
nowCaltOro, A. in. 7B
Gyos; (1) a Trolan, .
117; (2) a Trojan, ^
Hecate, a goddess of the lower
world and BlBl«r of latona,
Identlfled with Diana on earth,
and Luna in heaven, and there-
fore represented with three heada,
,_ >,. o^. „ ,ig_ 247,
Greek, A. Hector, eldest son of Priam, chlet
with Hectoreus, adj. of Hect
Trolan. A. 1. 273 ; II. 643 ; 1
304, tSS ; T. IBO, flS4 ; Cu. E
QyUppua, aa Arcadian. ,
INDEX
HeliAdes, daaghters of Helios and
sisters of Phaethon, changed
into poplars. Cm. 129
Helicon, famous mountain in
Boeotia, abode of the Muses and
haunt of ApoUo, A, YU. 641;
X. 1(V3
Hellespontus, Hellespont, now Dar-
danelles, Ci. 413; Cu. 33, with
HellesponUacua, adj. of the Helle-
spont, O. IT. Ill ; Cu, 338
HelOrus, a city and river in S.E.
Sicily, A. III. 698
Helymus, a Sicilian, A. T. 73, 300,
323, 339
HerbSsua, a Ratulian, A. IX. 344
Hercules, the mythical hero, son
of Jupiter and Alcmena, re-
nowned for his "LiU>our8, A.
m, 651; V. 410; vn. 656;
vin. 270; x. 319, 779, with
Herculeus, adj. of Hercules, O.
II. 66; A. vn. 669; vni. 276,
288, 542
Herminius, a Trojan, A. XI. 642
Hermlone : (1) daughter of Mene-
laus and Helen and wife of
Orestes, A. in. 328 ; (2) a town
of Argolis, now Kastri ; hence
Hermioneus, adj. Ci. 472
Hermus, a river of Lydia, O. ll.
137 ; A. vii. 721
Hernicus, adj. of the Hernici, a
people of Latium, A. vn. 684
Hesiodus, Hesiod, poet of Ascra
in Boeotia, Ca. XV. 1 (cf. 0. li.
176)
Hesione, a daughter of Laomedon,
sister of Priam, and wife of
Telamon, A. Vin. 157 (c/. Cu.
300)
Hesperia, Hesperia (" Western
land"), Italy, A. I. 530, 569;
U. 781 ; in. 163, 185, 186, 503 ;
IV. 355; VII. 4, 44, 543; VIII.
148 ; XII. 360
Hesperides, daughters of Hesperus,
keepers of a g»den of golden
apples in the west, B. vi. 61 ;
A. IV. 484 ; VIII. 77 ; Ca. ix. 26
Hesperus, evening star, evening,
B. vra. 30 ; x. 77 ; with Hes-
perius, adj. of Hesperus, Ci.
352 isidus being understood) ;
Hesperian, Italian, A. in. 418 ;
VI. 6 ; VII. 601
528
Hiberos. adj. Iberian, Spanish,
vn. 663 ; ix. 582 ; xi. -
rnoae. plur, Spaniards, G. .
408
Hicetaonius, son of Sicetaon, A.
123
Hiemps, Storm, or sod of the st -
(personification), ^. in. 120
Himella. a tribntarsr of the Tl-
now the Salto, JL. vn. 714
Hippocoon, companion of Aeae.
A. V. 492
Hlppodame, daughter of Oenomn:'
won by Pelops in a chariot-n -
O. m. 7
Hippolyte, an Amazon, wedded :
Theseus, A. xi. 661
Hippolytus, son of Theseus r:
Hippolyte, who was loved I-
Phaedra his stepmoth^, h-'
rejected her love. Heing fal«t .■
accused by her. he was cui^'
by Theseus, and slain by a b»
sent by Poseidon. Aescuiapi::
restored him to life and Diarj^
hid him in the grove of Arici
under the name of YirbiJ:
i^uaai vir bis, Servius) : ^. vn.
761, 765, 774
Hippomenes, son of Megareus, who
in a foot-race won Atalanta &»
his wi£e, Ca. IX. 26
Hippotades, son of Hippotas, A.
XI. 674
Hisbo, a Rutulian, A. x. 384
Hister, the river Danube, O. u.
497 ; m. 350
Homerus, the Greek epic poet.
Ci. 65 ; with Homereus, adj. ot
Homer, Ca. xiv. 2
Homole, a mountain in Thessaly,
A. vn. 675
Horatius, adj. of Horatius, i.e.
Horatius Codes, who. in the war
with Porsenna, defended the
Sublician bridge single-handed,
Cu. 361
Hyades, the Hyades, "daughters
of rain," seven stars in Taurus,
O. I. 138; A. I. 744; m. 516
Hybla, a mountain in Sicily, E.
vn. 37 ; with Hyblaeus, adj.
B. I. 54
Hydaspes : (1) a river of India,
O. IV. 211 ; (2) a Trojan, A. x.
747
INDEX
/-^ira : <1) a llfty-headed monster
Lti the lower world, A. VI. 576;
C2) a seven-headed snake, Ulled
toy Hercules, A. vii. 658
ylaeus, a Centaur, 0. n. 457 ;
^. vin. 294
ylas, a youthful companion of
Sercules in the Argonautic
expedition, who was carried
away by fountain-nsnnphs, E,
VI. 43, 44 ; O. ill. 6
Cylax, name of a dog, E. ym. 107
lyllus, a Trojan, A. xil. 535
i:yinen, god of marriage, Cu. 247
Sypanis : (1) a river of Scythia,
now Bong, O. rv. 369; (2) a
Troian, A. n. 340, 428
EEyperboreus, adj. of the far North,
G, in. 381 ; IV. 517
Syperlon, father of the Sun, then
the Sun himself, Cu. 101
Syrcanus, adj. of the Hyrcani. a
people of Asia near the Caspian
Sea, A. rv. 367 ; vil. 606 ; Ci.
308
Hyrtacides, son of Hsnrtacus :
(1) Hippocoon, A. v. 492, 503 ;
(2) Nlsus, A. IX. 177, 234, 319,
492, 503
Hyrtacus, a Trojan, A. ix. 406
lacchus, lacchus, a name of
Bacchus, B. vil. 61 ; O. i. 166 ;
also of wine, E. vi. 15
laera, laera, a wood-nymph, A. ix.
673
laniculum, the Janiculum, a hill
at Eome on the west side of the
Tiber, A. Vlll. 358
lanus, a two-faced Italian deity,
A. VII. 180, 610 ; VIII. 357 ;
XII. 198
lapetus, one of the Titans, O. I. 279
lapys, adj. of the lapydes, an
Illyrian people, at the head of
the Adriatic, O. m. 475
lapyx, adj. lapygian, or Apullan,
A. XI. 247, 678 ; as tubst. (1)
lapyx. a wind blowing from
lapygia toward Greece, A. viii.
710; (2) son of lasus, A. xii.
391, 420, 485
larbas, a Oaetulian king, son of
Japiter Ammon, A. iv. 36, 196,
320
VIRQ. II.
lasldes, son of lasns, A. T. 483 ;
xu. 892
lasins, brother of Dardanus, and
son-in-law of Teucer, A. ill. 168
[cariotis. daughter of Icarus, the
son of Oebalus, king of Sparta,
i.e. Penelope, Cu. 265
Icarus, son of Daedalus, who,
flying through the air with his
father, fell into the sea, A. vi. 81
Ida : (1) a mountain of Crete, A.
xn. 412 ; hence, Idaeus, adj, of
Ida, 0. n. 84; A. in. 105;
Ci. 168; (2) a mountain of
Phrygia, near Troy, O. iv. 41 ;
A, n. 801 ; m. 6 ; V. 252, 254,
449; IX. 79; X. 158; xn.
546; Cu. 311, 312; hence
Idaeus, adj. of Ida, 0. in. 450 ;
A. II. 696; m. 112; vii. 139,
207, 222; IX. Ill, 617, 669;
X. 230, 252: XI. 285; (3) the
mother of Kisus, A. ix. 177
Idaeus, Idaeus, Priam's charioteer,
A. VI. 485
Idalius, adj. Idalian, A. v. 760;
X. 52 ; Ca. xiv. 2 ; hence, fern.
tubst. Idalia, a town and grove
of Cyprus, A. l. 693 ; neut.
8ub8t. Idalium, with same mean-
ing, ul. I. 681 ; X. 86
Idas: (1) a Trojan, A. ix. 575;
(2) a Thracian, A. x, 351
Idmon, a Butulian, A. xn. 75
Idomeneus. a Cretan hero at Troy,
A. m. 122, 401 ; XI. 265
Idumaeus, adj. of Idume (Edom),
a district of Syria, G. iii. 12
Ilia, nia, or Rhea Silvia, mother
of Bomulus and Kemus, A. i.
274 ; VI. 778
Ilione, a daughter of Priam, A. i.
653
Ilioneus, a Trojan, A. i. 120, 521,
559, 611; VII. 212, 249; IX.
501, 569
Ilithyla, goddess of childbirth,
daughter of Juno, Ci. 326
Ilium, Ilium (i.e. Troy), city of
Ilus, A. I. 68; n. 241, 325,
625 ; in. 3, 109 ; v. 261, 756 ;
VI. 64 ; hence Ilius, adj. Trojan,
A. I. 268; IX. 285; XI. 245;
and Iliacus, adj. Trojan, A. I.
97, 466, 483, 647; n. 117,
431; in. 182, 280, 836, 603;
529
M M
INDEX
IT. 4«, 78, W7, 648; T. 607,
726; Yl. 876; vm. 134; x.
62, 336, 686; ZI. 266, 393;
zn. 861 ; and Blades, adj. fern,
plw, Trojaa women, A. I. 480 ;
n. 680; m. 66; ▼. 644; yn.
248 : ZI. 86
niyricuB, adj. of niyiia, N.W. of
Greece, on the Adriatic, B. vm.
7 * A. I 248
Una': (1) son of Tros, and king of
Troy, A, n. 660 ; (2) an earlier
name of lOlus, A. I. 268 ; (3) a
Botulian, A. Z. 400, 401
Ilva, Ell>a. an Island off the coast
of Stmrla, A. z. 173
Im&on, a ButuUan, A, z. 424
Imlirasldes, son of Imbrasus, A, z.
123 ; zn. 343
Imlvasus, a Lycian, A. zn. 843
Inachns : (1) first king of Argoe,
father of lo, A. vn. 372 ; (2) a
river of Argolis. now Banitia,
A, vn. 792: nenoe Inachius,
adj. of Inachns, A. vn. 286;
or Argive, 0. m. 163 ; A. zi.
286; also Inachis, fern, adj.
Argive, Ca. IZ. 33
Inarliae, an island in the Tuscan
Sea, now Ischia, A. iz. 716
India, India (to be understood as
extending from the Indus to
ChinaTo. I. 67 ; n. 116, 122 ;
with Indus, a4;. Indian, A. xii.
67 : Cu. 67 ; also as atibtt. an
Indian, 0. u. 138, 172 ; IV. 293,
426; A. VI. 794; VII. 605;
vm. 706
Indigetes, native heroes who after
death are deified, Heroes of the
land, O. I. 498; ting. Indiges,
A. zn. 794
Inous, adj, of Ino, daughter of
Cadmus, changea to a sea-
goddess, G. I. 437 ; A. V. 823
Insidiae, personification, Craft, Am-
bush, A. zn. 336
Inuus, a name of the god Fan ;
see Castrum Inui
lo. lo, daughter of Inachus, loved
by Jupiter and changed by
Juno'i craft into a heifer, A. vn.
789
loldacus. adj, of lolcus, a town of
Thessaly. associated with Jason ;
hence, Tnessalian, Ci. 377
530
loUas : (1) a aliephenl, B. n.
m. 76, 79 ; iZ} a Trojan. A
640
lonius, <Mb'. of Xonla, a m^
district of Asia, Minor, Ic:^ <
O. n. 108 ; A. m. 211 («;. nu
671 ; v. 193
lopas, a Carthaginian mln>*-
A. I. 740
Iphitus, a Trojan, ^. u. 435
Irae, personification, Angn*, A. H
336
Iris, Iris, goddess of the wnh-
daughter of Thaumas and L
tra, and messenger of the g^*.-
A. IV. 694, 700 ; v. 606 ; n. -
18, 803 ; Z. 38, 73
Ismarus : (1> a monntain
Thrace, also called Ismara. '~
VI. 30 ; O. n. 37 ; A. x. 3:.
(2) a Lydian, jL. x. 139
Isthmos, the Isthmus of Coruti
Ci. 463
Italia, Italy, G. n. IdS ; A. i. i
etc. (44 instances in the Aeneui .
with Italus, adj. Italian, A. i
109 (43 instances in A.), sl.
Italides. fern. pL Italian womei,
A. ZI. 667
Italus, eponymous hero of Italj ]
A. vn. 178 iep. A. I. 533)
Ithaca, the island Ithaca, off the
west coast of Greece, A. lu.
272, 613
Ithacus, adj. of Ithaca, home o:
Ulysses, A. n. 104, 122, 128:
in. 629 ; Cu. 126, 265, 326
Ituraeus. adj. of Ituraea, a district
of Syria, G. n. 448
Itys : (1) a Trojan, A. ix. 574 ;
(2) son of Tereus and Procne.
He was killed by his mother, aud
served up to his father for food,
upon which he was changed into
a pheasant, the mother into a
swallow, and the father into a
hoopoe, Cu. 252 (ep. E. vi. 78)
lulius, adj. Julian, the name of the
gens to which CJaesar belonged,
G. II. 163 (see Lucrinus) ; as
eubsi. Julius, A. l. 288 (where
the reference is to Augustus, i
whose full name was Caius
lulius Caesar Octavlanus Au*
{(ustus)
us (trisyllabic), liUus or As-
INDEX
._^_, — n ot Anaeu, A. I. Ladea, a Lydaa, J. Ill, 343
267,2S8,etc. (SSlDstaacceiaA.) LBdon, an Aic»dUD, A. X. 41S
no, Juno, daugbMi of Baturn, LaerCLua, adi- ot LaarUa. father
-wUe of Jupiter aod qneen of the of ni^BHs, A. ID. £72 ; Cu. 327
BOds, a. in. 163, G32 ; A. i. LiieatrrgoneB, a uvage^eople that
4, 15, eto. (Sfl lnst«ac«9 In A,): once dwelt neai Formlae Id
Ci. isa, IGT : £. 04 ; with Campania, and later Id SlcUf,
lunonltiH, tdj. of Juao, A. i. Cu, 330
671 ; in A. ¥1. 138 Iiino Infema LsgeoB, Lagean wine, a. II. B3
l9 Juno of the lonei woild, i.e. Lagug, a Batullan, A. x. 380
ProBerptna Lamiu, a Hutullan, A. IX. 334
upptter, Jui^ter, son ot Saturn Lamyius, a RutuUan, A. ix. 334
and king ot the gods, Identllled Laocoon, priest of Neptune at
with the Oreek Zeus, E. in. Tror, A. ii. 41. 201, 213, 230
no, etc. (113 Inataocee In Virgil). Laodamla. wlte ot ProteslIaiB. who
For lupplter Styslus see Stmitu killed herself on learning of her
Lu^titla, Justice (penonlflcatlon), husband'a death at Tni^, A. Tl.
[utuma, ■ nrmph. sister of Tuiniig. Laomedoutens, adj. of Laomedan,
A. xu. 14fl, 164, 2S2, £44. 448, father of Friam and king of
468, 477, 485, TBB, 813, 844, 8b4, TrDf, who broke his compact
870 with Apollo and Neptune, when
txlon, king of the Laidthae and the; built a waU around Ids city.
latber ot firlthouai he was £1, i, 602 ; A. Iv. 542: also
fostflned to an ever-revDlvlnB Laomedontlus, adj. Trojan, A.
ntaeel In Taitarua, because he vn. lOK ; VIU. IS ; and Laome-
had Inaulted Juno, 0. III. 38 ; doatladea, sod or descendant ot
A. n. 601 ; with Iiloalua, adj. Idomedon ; hence, Priam, A.
ot Iilon, A. IT. 4S4 vm. 158, 1S2 ; In plur. the
Trolans, A. in. 248
Attica (near modera iunw, Centaura. G. II. 4B7 ; in. 115; -
^4.'m6 ■3477670Ti. 12; 54 ;' f^ "■ ^^ • ™- =»6' =»^ • "«■
*'"■ '^' Lar, the tutelar deity ot the
hearth A. v. 744; ¥iu. 543;
Labid, Lablclans, people dwelling ix. 258
In Labicum, a town of Lstlum, larldee, a Kutullan, A. X. 3S1, 305
A. III. 790 Latlna, a companion ot Camilla,
I.abyrlnthus. the Labyiinth, a A. XI. 055
building at Cnosue la Crete, the Larlasaeus, adj. of Lariaaa, a town
work of Daedalus, wherein dwelt ot Thessaly, A. a. 197 ; XI. 404
the HInoUui, A. T. G88 (cf. Larlua, a lake of Cisalpine Gaul,
11. 27) now Lake Como, a. u, 169
UcBenus,rid;.LBconIanoiSpBttan. Latagus, a Trojan, A. x. e<i7, e»9
0.11,(87; In/em. Lacaeua. the LaUnut ; |I) Latlnus. king of
Spartan woman, i.a. Helen, A. ii. Latlum, whose daughtei Lavlnla
ftOI ; VI. 611 became tlie wife of Aermaj. t.
I^acedaemon, Lacedaemon or ¥ii. 46, etc. (44 Inatan
Sparta, A. Mi. 393: with (2) adj. of LaUum, I
Lacedaemantua, adj. Spartan, S ; v. 608, 668, etc. (0
Ladnlua, adj. at Laclidum. ■ Latlum. the pbtn be
ptemeiitory at aoutbem Italy, lower liber Md Cami
A. lu. Hi S, etc (31 Inatancea Ii
INDEX
LatoDA, mother of Apollo and
Diana, A. i. 602 : xn. 196 ;
Cu. 11, 287; with Latonins,
adj, of Latona, O. m. 6 j A. ix.
405; XI. 657; fern. lAtonia,
daughter of Latona, Diana, A.
XI. 534
Laurens, oc^'. of Laurentum, capital
of Latium ; with mtue. pi.
Laiirentes, the Laurentians, A. y.
797, eta ; with Laurentius, adj.
A. X. 709
Laurentlum, i.e. Laurentum, A.
vin. 1
LausuB, son of Mesentius, A. vn.
649, 651 ; X. 426, 434, 4S9, 700,
775, 790, 810, 814, 839, 841, 863,
902
Lavtnia, daui^ter of Latinns, A. Yi.
764 ; vn. 72, 814, 859 ; xi. 479 ;
XII. 17, 64, 80, 194, 605, 937
Lavinium, a town of Latium
founded by Aeneas, A. l. 258,
270 ; VI. 84
Lavinius, adj. of Lavinium, ii. i. 2 ;
IV. 236
Leda, mother of Helen, as well as
of Castor and Pollux, A. I. 652 ;
a. 489 ; with Ledaeus, adj. A.
m. 328 ; VII. 364
Leleges, an early people of Asia
Minor and Greece, A. Vlii. 725
Lemnius, adj. of Lemnos. the
Aegean island upon which Vulcan
fell from heaven ; hence, of
Vulcan, A. vm. 454
Lenaeus, adj. of the wine-press, of
Bacchus, Q. ii. 4, 7 ; iii. 510 ;
A. TV. 207 ; as subat.y Bacchus,
O. n. 529
Lerna, a noarsh near Argos,' where
Hercules slew the hydra, A. vi.
287, 803; xn. 518; with
Lernaeus, adj. of Lerna, A. vm.
300
Lesbos, a famous island of the
Eastern Aegean, O. li. 90
Lethaeus, adj. of Lethe, the river
of forgetfulness in the lower
world, O. I. 78 ; iv. 545 ; ^. v.
854 ; VI. 705, 714, 749 ; Cu. 140,
215
Letum, Death (personification) ;
also, the world below ; 0. iv. 481 ;
A. VI. 277, 278; x. 319; Xi.
172, 830 ; xil. 828
532
Leocaspfs, a Trojan, JL. Ti
Leucates, I^eucata, a promc>
at the south eiid of Leiii-
near the coast erf Acaim:
A. in. 274 ; vin. 677
Leuoottiea, the name given to I
after she vras taransf armed ilI'
sea-goddess, Vi. 396
Libor, the same as Bacchus.
vn. 58 ; flf. I. 7 ; A..yi,80o
Libethrides, plur. ae^. fan.
Libethra, a foontain and c^'
on Helicon, B. vn. 21
Libumi, a people of lUsnicum e:
the head of the Adriatic, A. i. i^^
Libya, a country of Korth Afri
0. I. 241 ; m, 249, 339 ; A
22, 158, 226, 801, 384, 656, b"
nr. 36, 173, 267 ; Vi. 694, 84
Cu. 406; with Idbycus, »
libyan, O. n. 105 ; A. i. s: .
377, 527, 596 ; rv. 106, 271, 3i
348; V. 695, 789; vi. U-
vn. 718; XI. 265; Ci. ITv
Cu. 371; D. 63; also Libv^
adj. Ci. 440; and Libyst*.
adj. A. V. 87 ; vm. 868
Lichas, a Latin, A. x. 315
Licymnia, a Slave, A. ix. 547
Ligea, a nymph, Q. rv. 336
Llger, a Latin, A. ix. 571 ; x. 576.
580, 684
Ligus, adj. and subH. Ligurian.
Q. n. 168 ; A. X. 185 ; xi. 70i.
715. The ligurians lived Ln
Cisalpine Gaul, about modern .
Qenoa
Lilybgius, adj. of lilybaeum, th
western promontory of Sicily, A.
ra. 706
Linus, the musician who taught
Orpheus and Hercules, £. iv.
56, 57 ; VI. 67
lipare, Lipara, now Llpari, one
of the Aeolian Islands, A. Tin.
417
Liris. a Trojan, A. xi. 670
Locri, a Greek people who settled
in southern Italy, A. ni. 399;
XI. 265
Longa, see Alba
Lucagus, a Latin, A. X. 575, 577,
586, 592
Lucas, a Latin, A. x. 661
Lucetius, a Latin, A. ix. 570
Lucienus, Ca. xin. 35
INDEX
io\£eT, the morning star, B. ym.
17 ; O. in. 324; A. il. 801;
VIII. 589
icina, the name of Diana as
l>Totectress of women in child-
loirth, B. TV. 10; O. m. 60;
IV. 340
LicrTnus, the Lncrine Lake, near
trlie coast of Campania, which
Aerippa provided with a ship-
cliannel from the sea and break-
water and united with an inner
lake, that of Avemus. Thus he
secured for the Roman fleet a
protected harbour, wiiich he
c^alled Julian in honour of
Augustus, O. II. 161
Luna, Luna or Diana, the moon-
goddess, G. I. 306; III. 392;
JL, IX. 403 ; Cu. 283 ; L. 41. 42.
Liiipercal, a grotto on the Palatine,
sacred to Lupercus or Pan, A.
VIII. 343
Liuperd, priests of Lupercus or
Pan, A. VIII. 663
Xiyaeus : (1) tubet. same as
Bacchus, Gl. n. 229 ; A. IV. 58;
(2) adj. Bacchic. A. l. 686
Lycaeus, a mountain of Arcadia,
E. X. 15 ; O. I. 16 ; in. 2, 314 ;
IV. 538 ; with Lycaeus, «k^'.
Lycaean, A. vm. 344
Lycaon : (1) a Cretan worker in
metals, A. ix. 304 ; (2) a king
of Arcadia, O. l. 138
Lycaonius, iulj. of Lycaon, A. x.
749
Lycia, a country on the S.W.
coast of Asia Minor, A. TV. 143 ;
vil. 721; X. 126; xn. 344,
516; with Lydus, adj. Lycian,
A. I. 113; IV. 346, 377; VI.
334; VII. 816; vni. 166; x.
751 ; XI. 773
Lycidas, a shepherd, E. vu. 67;
IX. 2, 12, 37
Lycisca, a dog, E. lU. 18
Lycorias, a sea-nymph, O. iv. 439
Lyo5ri8, a drl, E. x. 2, 22, 42
Lyctius, adj. of Lyctos, a dty of
Crete ; hence, Cretan, E. v. 72 ;
A. m. 401
Lycurgus: (1) a king of Thrace,
A. m. 14 ; (2) name of a soldier,
P. 8
Lycus : (1) a river of Colchis, O.
TV. 367 ; (2) a Trojan, A. i. 222 ;
IX. 545. 556
Lydia : (1) Lydia, a country in
Asia, O. TV. 211 ; hence, Lydius,
adj. Lydian, and, as the Etrus-
cans were supposed to l>e of
Lydian origin, Etruscan, A. ii.
781 ; vra. 479 ; x. 155 ; Lydl,
plur. subsi.f Etruscans. A. ix.
11 ; (2) name of a girl, D. 41,
89, 95 ; JD. 4
Lynceus, a Trojan, A. ix. 768
LjrrnSsus, a town of Troas, A. xn.
547 ; with Lymesius, adj. of
Lymesus, A. X. 128
Machaon, a Greek physician, son
of Aesculapius, A. il. 263
Maeander, a river of Lydia famous
for its win(Ungs; hence, a
winding border, A. v. 241
Maecenas, the great patron of
Virgil, friend of Augustus, O. I,
2 ; n. 41; in. 41 ; tv. 2
Maenalus, or Maenala, a mountain
of Arcadia, B. vm. 22 ; x. 15,
55 ; O. 1. 7 ; with Maenalius,
adj. of Maenalus, Arcadian, E.
21, 25, 28a, 31, 36, 42, 46, 51,
57, 61 ; Co. 9
Maeon. a Rutulian, A. x. 337
Maeonia, old name of Lydia, and
therefore used for Etruria, A.
vm. 499
Maeonidae, Lydians or Etruscans,
A. XI. 759
Maeonius, adj. Maeonian or Lydian,
O. TV. 880 ; A. IV. 216 ; ix. 546;
X. 141 ; Ci. 62
Maeotius, adj. of the Maeotians, a
Scythian people, dwelling about
Ls&e Maeotis, now Sea of Azov,
O. III. 349 ; A. VI. 799
Maevius, a poet hostile to Virgil,
E. in. 90
Magus, a Rutulian, A. X. 521
Maia, mother of Mercury, and
daughter of Atlas ; she was one
of the Pleiades, Q. l. 225 ; A. i.
297 ; vra. 138, 140
Malea. a promontory at the S.E.
of the Peloponnesus, A. v. 193
M&nes, the spirits of the departed,
the gods oelow, or the lower
world in general, O. i, 243;
A. TIL 93; VL 896 ; Ca. xi. 7 ;
533
INDEX
Cu. 214 » etc. (30 Instances In
Virgil)
Manilas, t.e. M. Manilas Capito-
llnas, who saved the Capitol
from the Gaals, A. Tin. 652
Manto, a prophetess, wedded to
the Tiber-god, A. X. 199
Mantua, a city of Gallia Trans-
padana, near Virgil's birthplace,
E. a. 27, 28 ; O. n. 198 ; m. 12
Marcellus, a family name in the
Claadlan gens; especially, M.
Claadlus Marcellas, who opposed
Hannibal and conquered Syra-
cuse, and M. Marcellus, nephew
and adopted son of Augustus,
who died in 28 B.C., A. vi. 855,
883
Mareotls, adj. of Mareotls, a
district of Egypt. O. n. 91
Blarica, a nymph, A. vn. 47
Martus, Marhis, conqueror of the
CimbrI and Jugurtha *, in plur.
men of his stamp, O. ii. 169
Marpesius. adj. of Marpesus, a
mountain of the island Paros.
A. VI. 471
Marruvius, adj. of Marruvlam, a
city of Latium, capital of the
Marsi, now S. Benedetto, A.
vn. 750
Mars, the god of war, B. x. 44;
O. I. 511; A. I. 4, etc. (42
instances) ; with Martins, adj.
of Mars, warlike, E. ix. 12;
O. IV. 71 ; A. yn. 182 ; ix.
666; XI. 661
Marsus, adj. of the Marsi, a
Sabeilian tribe in Italy, A. vii.
758; plur. subtt. Marsi, the
Marsians, 0. ii. 167 ; A.x. 544
Massicus : (1) adj. of Mt. Massicus.
a mountain on the borders of
Latium and Campania, O. ii.
143; in. 626; A. vn. 726;
(2) an Etruscan, A. x. 166
Massylos, adj. of the Massyll, a
people of North Africa, A. iv.
132, 483 ; plur. subst. the people
themselves, A. Yi. 60
Maumsius, adj. of the Mauri,
Moorish, A. IV. 206
Mayors, another name of Mars,
A. VI. 872; vni. 630, 700;
X. 765; XI. 889 ;| xn. 179,
332; L. 69; with MavortiuB,
5S4f
adj. of Mars, martial, G. rr. 4-
A. I. 276 ; in. 13 ; tl 7
IX. 685
Maximas, i.e. Q. Fabius Maxis
A. VI. 845
Media, a oonntry of Asia, soot>
the Caspian G. u. 126; ^
Medus, adj. Median, A.iy.l
plur. subsl. Medi, Medes, G.
134. 186; also Medicos, e
Median, G. i. 216
Medon, a Trojan, A., vi. 483
Megaera, one of tlie Furies. A. r
846
Mcgara, chief city of tli© Megari
a district of the Istlinius betwr-
the Saronic and Corinthia
Gulfs, Ci. 105, 388
Megarus, adj. of Me^ara (in SidJ^
A. in. 689
Melampus : (1) a famoos seer ar
physician, Q. m. 650 ; (2) s
Latin, A. x. 320*
Meliboeus : (1) a sheplierd, E. i
6, 19, 42^ 73; m. 1; v. 87:
vn. 9 ; Ca. ix. 18 ; (2) adj. o:
Meliboea, a town of Thessalv.
from which came Pliiloctetes.
A. m. 401 ; V. 251
Melicerta, son of Ino and Atiianias,
changed into a sea-sod. G. i.
437
Melite, a sea-nymph, A. v. 825
Mella, a river of Cisalpine GanI
flowing through Brescaa. A. it.
278
Memmius, a Roman gentile name
A. V. 117 (where VfrgU seems to
assume that "NLvwrOev^ was assimi-
lated to the Latin meminisse,
and so became Memmius)
Memnon, son of Tithonus and
Aurora, and king of the Ethi-
opians. His armour was made
by Vulcan, A. i. 489
Menalcas, a shepherd, B. u. 15;
III. 13, 58 ; V. 4, 64, 90 ; ix. 10,
16, 18, 55 ; X. 20
Menelaus, son of Atretis, brother
of Agamemnon, and husband of
Helen, A. n. 204 ; yi. 525 ; xi.
262
Menestheus, a Trojan, A. x. 129
Menoetes : (1) a Trojan, A. v. 161,
164, 166, 173, 179; (2) an
Arcadian,fii. xn. 517
INDEX
Cixcurlus, Mercury, son of Jupiter
a.r&d Maia, and messenger of the
SO<l8, A. iv. 222, 558 ; viu. 138
eiropes, a Trojan, A. ix. 702
Lessalla, a Roman surname ;
esi>ecially M. Valerius Messalla
Oorvinus, patron and friend of
mbullus, Ca. IX 40 (see intro-
ductory note), a. 54
»f:essapus. the eponymous hero of
Af essapia or lapygia (at the
\\ee\ of Italy), represented by
'Virgil as leading a force from
southern Etruria, A. vii. 691 ;
vni. 6; IX. 27, 124, 160, 351,
365, 458, 523; X. 354, 749;
:xi. 420, 464, 518, 520, 603;
:xil. 128, 289, 294. 488, 550, 661
Ikletabus, a Volscian, father of
Camilla, A, si. 540, 564
Udethymnaeus, adj. of Methymna, a
city of Lesbos, O. n. 90
IMetiscus, a RutuUan, charioteer of
Tumus, A. XU. 469, 472, 623,
737, 784
Mettus, i.e. Mettus Fuffetius,
dictator of Alba, who for his
treachery was torn asunder by
horses, A. ym. 642
Metus. Fear or Dread (personifica-
tion). O. III. 552 ; A. VI. 276
Mezentius, an Etruscan king, A.
vn. 648, 654 ; vni. 7, 482, 601,
569 ; IX. 522, 586 ; x. 150, 204,
689, 714, 729, 742, 762, 768,
897 ; XI. 7, 16
Micon, a shepherd, E. in. 10 ; vn.
30
Milesius, add. of Miletus, a city of
Ionia hi Asia Minor, Q. ill. 306 ;
IV. 334
Mimas, a Trojan, A. x. 702, 706
Mlncius, the Mindus, now the
Minclo, a river of Cisalpine
Gaul, E. vn. 13 ; Q. in. 15 ;
A. X. 206
Minerva, a Roman goddess, patro-
ness of arts, handicrafts, and
Bdenoe, identified with Pallas
Athene, 0. i. 18; iv. 246;
A. n. 31, 189, 404 ; m. 531 ;
V. 284; VI. 840; vn. 805;
vni. 409, 699 ; XI. 259 : Ct. 23
Minio, a river of Etruria, A. X. 183
Minos, a king of Crete, whose
capital was Cnosus. After
death he became a judge in tiie
lower world, A. vi. 432; Ci.
Ill, 132, 272, 286, 287, 301, 367,
414, 421, 454 ; Cu. 374. Hence
Minois, daughter of Minos, {.e.
Ariadne, L. 49 ; and Minoius,
adj. of Minos, il. vi. 14
Minotaurus, the man-bull, Uie
Minotaur, killed by Theseus,
A. VI. 26
Misenus : (1) a Trojan, trumpeter
of Aeneas, A. in. 239 ; vi. 162,
164. 189, 212 ; (2) a promontory
norui of the Bay of Naples, now
Miseno, A. vi. 234
Mnasyllos, a young Sats^, E. vi. 13
Mnestheus, a Trojan, A. iv. 288 ;
V. 116, 117, 184, 189, 194, 210,
218, 493, 494, 507; ix. 171,
306, 779, 781, 812; x. 143;
xn. 127, 384, 443, 459, 549, 561
Moeris, a shepherd, E. vni. 96, 98 ;
IX. 1. 16, 53. 54, 61 ; Ca. IX. 18
Molorcnus, the entertainer of
Hercules when he killed the
Nemean lion ; hence, luci
Molorchit the haunt of the lion,
Q. m. 19
Molossus, adj. of the Molossi, a
people of eastern Epirus, O. ni.
405 ; Cu. 331
Monoecus, a promontory of Liguria,
now Monaco, A. vi. 830
Mopsus, a shepherd, ^. v. 1, 10;
vin. 20, 29
Morini, a Belgic people of western
Oaul, A. vin. 727
Mors, Death (personification), A.
XI. 197 ; Cu. 188
Mucius, a Roman hero, Cu. 365
(where see note)
Mulciber, a name of Vulcan, A,
vni. 724
Murranus, a name of Latin kings,
A, xn. 529, 639
Musa: (1) a Muse, ^.1.8; usually
plur., the Muses, E. n. 1\ vi.
69; vn. 19; O. n. 475; ni.
11; IV. 315; A. IX. 77, 774,
775; Ca. ix. 60; (2) Octavius
Musa, a poet and friend of Virgil
and Horace, Ca. iv. 6, 8
Musaeus, an ancient Qreek bard,
A. VI. 667
Mutusca, a Sabine town, A. vn.
711
535
INDEX
Xycene (or 'ae), Mycenae, city of
Agamemnon in the Peloponnesus;
also of Greece in general; 0.
m. 121 ; A. I. 284, 650 ; n. 25,
180, 331, 577 ; v. 52 ; YI. 838 ;
YU. 222, 372 ; IX. 139
Myoonos, one of the islands of the
Cyclades in the Aegean, A, in.
76
Mygdonldes, son of Mygdon, A. n.
342
Myrmidones, a tribe of Thessaly,
A. n. 7, 252, 785 ; XI. 403
Myrrha, daughter of Clnyras, Ci.
238
Mysia, a district of Asia Minor, O, I.
102 ; also Mysus, aeU. of Mysia,
O. TV. 370
Nais, a Naiad, a water-nymph, E.
n. 46 ; VI. 21 ; x. 10 ; Cu, 19, 117
Napaeae, the wood-nymphs, O. iv.
534
Nar. a river in Sabine territory,
tributary of the Tiber, A. vii. 517
Narycius, adj, Karycian, of Narsrx,
a Locrian city on the Euboean
Sea, Q. n. 438 ; A. m. 399
Nautes, a Trojan, A. v. 704, 728
Naxos, an island of the Cydades,
A. m. 125
Neaera, a rustic girl, E. III. 3
Nealces, a Trojan, A, x. 753
Nemeus, adj. Nemean, of Nemea,
a district of Argolis, A. vin. 295
Neoptolemus, a name of Achilles'
son Fyrrhus, A. U. 263, 500,
549 ; m. 333, 469 ; XI. 264
Neptunus. Neptune, god of the
sea; nenoe, the sea itself;
O. I. 14 ; m. 122 ; iV. 29, 387,
394 ; A. I. 125 ; n. 201, 610 ;
m. 74, 119; v. 14, 195, 360,
640, 779, 782, 863; VH. 23;
vra. 699; IX. 145; Ci. 474,
509; D. 50, 58, 63
Nereus, a sea-god, E. vi. 35;
O. lY. 392; A. n. 419; vin.
383; X. 764; hence Nereis,
daughter of Nereus, a Nereid,
A. in. 74; V. 240; Ci. 474;
Cu. 800, 845 ; and Nereius, adj.
of Nereus, A. ix. 102; also
Nerlne, daughter of Nereus, E.
vn. 87
an island o^
Neritos, Neritus,
Ithaca, A. m. 271
Nersae, a dty of tbe Aequl, A. n
744
Nesaee, Nesaea, a nsrmph, G. D
338 ; A. Y. 826
Nilus, the Nile, O. m. 29 ; iv. 2Ss
A. VI. 800 ; vm. 711 ; ix. 3i
Niphaeus, a Butullan, ^. x. 570
Niphates^ a snowy mountaiD J
Armenia, O. m. SO
Nisus : (1) a kins of Mepnn
• betrayed by his dau^liter Scyll .
and robbed of a lock of hair u{»
which depended his life ; he w^
changed into a hawk ; E. r:
74 ; G. I. 404, 408 ; Ci. 132, Iti
191, 207, 878, 411, 540; al
Niseius, adj. of Kisus, Ci. 3i>«
(2) a young Trojan, A. v. 2f)i
296, 318, 328, 353, 354; n.
176, 184, 200, 207, 223, 23-.
233, 258, 271, 306, 353, 2S\
425, 438, 467
Noctulnus, Ca. vi. 2 ; xn. 1, 3, 4, s
NoSmon, a Trojan, A. ix. 767
Nomades, the Numidians, A. rr.
320, 535 ; Vin. 724
Nomentum, a Sabine town, A. vi.
773 ; vn. 712
Noricus, adj. of Noricum, a
mountainous country of moderu
Austria, north of the Alps, and
south of the Danube. O. in. 474
Notus, the South Wind, O. I. 444 ;
A. I. 85, 108, 575 ; n. 417 ; m.
268; V. 242, 512; vi. 355;
vn. 411; X. 266; xi. 798;
xn. 334
Nox, Night, a personification,
mother of the Furies, sister
and wife of Erebus, A. m. 512 ;
V. 721, 738, 835; vn. 138;
xn. 846 ; Cu. 202
Numa: (1) Numa PompiliuB,
second king of Borne, A. yi.
808 ; (2) a Butulian, A. ix. 454 ;
X. 562
Numanus, a Butulian, A. tx. 592,
653
Numicius or Numlcus, a river of
Latium, now Bio Torto, A. vn.
150, 242. 797
Numidae, Numidians, a people of
North Africa, A. iv. 41
Numitor: (1) a king of Alba,
536
INDEX
grandfather of Bomulus and
H«inus, A. Tl. 768 ; (2) a
Hutulian, A. x. 342
iN'ursia, a town of the Sabines, now
I^OTcia, A. vn. 716
INyctelius, %.e. wktSKios (vvi), the
nightly one, a name given to
Bacchus because of his festivals
by night, Cu. Ill
:Nympha, a nymph or muse, E. ii.
46 ; O. IV. 334, etc. (42 instances).
Nysa : (1) a girl, E. vm. 18, 26 ;
(2) a mountain and city of India,
A. VI. 805
Oaxes, a river of Crete, E. I. 65
Oceanitides, daughters of Ocean,
Q. IV. 341
Oceanus, Ooesm (personified), O. i.
246 ; n. 122, 481 ; ni. 359 ;
IV. 233, 381, 382; A. I. 287,
745; II. 260; rr. 139, 480;
VII. 101, 226 ; vni. 589 ; Xl. 1 ;
Ca. IX. 54 ; Ci. 392 ; Cu. 103
Ocnus, founder of Mantua, A. x.
198
Octavius : (1) the later Augustus,
Cu. I. 25 ; (2) Octavius Musa,
friend of Virgil and of Horace,
Ca. XI. 1
Oeagrius, adj. of Oeagrus, king of
Thrace, father of Orpheus ;
hence, Thracian, O. TV. 524
Oebalius, adj. of Oebalus, king of
Sparta, the founder of Tarentum,
G. IV. 125
Oebalus, a king in Campania, A.
vn. 734
Oechalia, a town of Euboea, A. Vlll.
291
Oenides, son of Oeneus, i.e.
Meleager ; or i>erhaps grandson
of Oeneus, i.e. Diomedes, Ca. ix. 6
OenotruS; and Oenotrius, adj. of
Oenotna. the southern part of
Italy, A. vn. 85 ; in plur.
Oenotri, the people of Oenotria,
A. I. 532 ; m. 165
Oeta, a mountain range of Thessaly,
E. vm. 30 ; Ci. 350 ; Cu. 203
Ogyglus, adj. Ogygian, of Ogygus,
founder of Thebes, Ci. 220
Oileus, father of Ajax, A. i. 41
Olearos, an island of the Cydades,
now Antiparos, A. m. 126
Olympiacus. adj. of Olsrmpia, the
city of £iis where the Olsrmpic
games were held, O. in. 49
Olympus: (1) a mountain in the
north of Thessaly, O. I. 282;
Ci. 34; (2) the heavens, sky,
E. V. 56 ; VI. 86 ; G. l. 96, 450 ;
ni. 223; IV. 562; A. i. 374;
n. 779 ; IV. 268, 694 ; V. 533 ;
VI. 579, 586, 782, 834 ; vn. 218,
558 ; vm. 280, 319, 533 ; ix.
84, 106; x. 1, 115, 216, 437,
621; XI. 726, 867; xn. 634,
791 ; Ca. xnr. 11
Onites, a Butulian, A. xn. 514
Opheltes, a Trojan, A. ix. 201
Opis: (1) a n^mph, G. iv. 342;
(2) a companion of Diana, A.xi.
532, 836, 867
Orcus, a god of the lower world,
Death ; also, the lower world
itself, G. I. 277 ; iv. 502 ; A. ii.
398; IV. 242, 699; vi. 273;
vni. 296 ; ix. 527, 785
Oreades, mountain-nymphs, A. I.
500
Orestes, son of Agamemnon and
Clytemnestra. He killed his
mother and was driven mad by
the Furies, A. in. 331 ; iv. 471
Oricius, adj. of Oricum, a town of
Epirus, A. X. 136
Oriens, the Dawn or East, G. l. 250 ;
^. I. 289 ; V. 42, 739 ; VIU. 678 ;
Cu. 30
Orion, a fabled hunter placed in
the heavens as a constellation,
A. I. 535 ; in. 517 ; iv. 52 ;
vn. 719 ; X. 763 ; Ci. 535
Orithyia, a daughter of Erechtheus,
king of Athens, G. IV. 463;
A. xn. 83
Omytus, an Etruscan, A. xi. 677
Orodes, a Trojan, A. X. 732,
737
Orontes, a Trojan, A. I. 113, 220 ;
VI. 334
Orpheus, a mythic bard, whose
skill won his wife Eurydice
back from the lower world. He
was torn to pieces by the
Thracian women, E. m. 46;
IV. 55, 57 ; VI. 30 ; vm. 55, 56 ;
G. IV. 464, 494, 546, 553 ; A. VI.
119 ; Cu. 117, 279, 292
Orses, a Trojan, A. x. 748
537
INDEX
Onllochm, a Trojan, A. zi. 636,
690, 694
Ortlnufl, a4J' of Orta, a town of
Etmna on tbe Tiber and Nar,
A. vn. 716
Ortygia: (1) the island of Delos,
A. III. 124, 143, 154; (2) an
island in the liarbour of Syracuse,
A. III. 694
OrtygiuB, a Rutulian, A. DC. 673
Osci, the Oscans, an early people of
Campania, A, vn. 730
Osinius, a king of Clusium, A. z.
655
Osiris, a Butulian, A. xu. 458
Ossa, a mountain of Thessaly, O. I.
281, 282; hence Ossaeus, adj.
of Ossa, a. 33
Othryades, son of Othrys, A. ii. 319,
336
Othrys, a mountain in Thessaly,
A. vn. 675
Otos, Otus, twin brother of
Ephialtes, Cu. 234
Pachynus. Sidlian promontory at
the south-east of the Island, now
Capo di Passaro, A. ill. 429,
699 ; vn. 289 ; Ci. 88
Pactdlus. a river of Lydia, A.x.li2
Padus, the river Po of North Italy,
G. II. 452 ; A. IX. 680
Padusa, one of the mouths of the
Po, A. XI. 457
Paeonlus, adj. of Paeon (god of
medicine) ; hence medical or
healhig, A. vn. 769 ; zn. 401
Paestum, a dty of Lucania. once
called Posidonia, now Pesto, 0.
IV. 119
Pagasus, an Etruscan, A. xi. 670
Palaemon : (1) son of Athamas
and Ino, changed to a sea-god,
A. V. 823; Ci. 396; (2) a
shepherd, ^. m. 50, 53
Palaepaphius, adj, of Old Paphos,
referring to Venus, who had a
famous temple in Paphos, Ci. 88
Palamedes, a Greek hero, ii. n. 82
Palatium. the Palatine hill, on
which Augustus had his residence,
O. I. 499 ; hence Palatlnus, eu^.
of the Palatine, A.ix. 9
Pales, a shepherd goddess, £. V. 36 ;
G. m. 1, 294 ; Ou, 20, 77
538
Pallous, the name of twin son<(
Zeus (Jupiter) by Thalia, w-
shipped in Sicily, ^. ix. 585
Palinurus, the Trojan pilot •
Aeneas, A. m. 202, 513, 562
V. 12, 833, 840, 843, 847, 871
VI. 337, 341, 373, 381
Palladium, a staine of Palia-
specially that stolen from Tm.
by UlyssM and Diomede. A. u
166. 188 ; IX. 161
PaUadius, adj. of Pallas, t'y
Athene or Minerva, O. n. ISi.
Ci. 29 ; M. 113
PallantSus, adj. of Pallas (2), A.
IX. 196, 241 ; neut^^, as guhst.
Pallantenm, the city built by
Evander, A. vm. 54, 341
Pallas : (1) an epithet of the Oreek
goddess Athene ( » Minerva), E.
n. 61 ; A. I. 39, 479 ; ii. 15.
163, 615; m. 544; ▼. 704:
vn. 154; vm. 435; xi. 477:
Cu. 329 ; (2) an ancient king of
Arcadia, forefather of Bvander.
A. vm. 51. 54; (3) son of
Evander, killed by Tumiis, A.
vm. 104, 110, etc. (41 instances)
Pallene. a peninsula of Maoedonis,
on the Thermaic Gulf, O. iv.
391
Palmus, an Efouscan, slain by
Mesentius, A. x. 697, 690
Pan, a son of Mercury, and god of
woods and of shepherds ; in
plur. gods resembling Pan, JS. ii.
31, 32, 33 ; IV. 58, 69 ; v. 69 ;
vra. 24 ; X. 26 ; G. l. 17 ;
II. 494 ; m. 392 ; A. vm. 344 ;
Cu. 94, 115
Panchaia, an island or district of
Arabia famous for frankincense,
G, n. 139 ; hence Panchaius, or
Panchaeus, adj. of Panchaea, O.
IV. 379 ; Cu. 87
Pandarus : (1) a Trojan, son of
Lycaon, A. v. 496 ; (2) a TA>Jan,
son of Alcanor, A, IZ. 672, 722,
735 ; ZI. 896
Pandionius, adj. of Pandlon, king
of Athens, father of Procne and
Philomela, Cu. 251; hence,
Athenian, Ci, 101
Pangaea, plur. a mountalii-Tange
between Macedonia and Thrace,
now Pilaf Tepeh, G. nr. 462
INDEX
E^suiopSa. a sea-nymph, 0. I. 437;
A. V. 240, 825
Panopes, a Sicilian, A. y. 300
Rantasiaa, a river of Eastern Sicily,
now Flume di Porcari, A. in.
689
Panthus, a Trojan, priest of Apollo,
A. n. 318, 319, 322, 429
PajphcMS (-lis), a city of Cyprus,
famous for its temple of Venus,
A. I. 416 ; X. 51, 86 ; Ca. xiv.
2 ; hence, Faphius, culj, of
Faphos. O, 11. 64
Parcae, the Fates, identified with
tlie Motpai (Clotno. Lachesis, and
Atropos), E. TV, 47 ; A. I. 22,
III. 379 ; V. 798 ; ix. 107 ;
X. 419, 815 ; xn. 147, 150 ; Ci.
125, 270
Paris, son of Friam and Hecuba.
Having adjudged Venus to be
more beautiful than Juno or
Minerva, he won Helen as his
prize, and thus brought on the
Trojan war, E. n. 61 ; il. I. 27 ;
II. 602; IV. 215; v. 370; vi.
57 ; vn. 321 ; x. 702, 705 ;
Cm. 325
Famasus, a mountain in Fhods,
haunt of the Muses, E. x. 11 ;
O. in. 291 ; hence, Farnasius,
adj. of Famassus, E, vi. 29 ;
O. n. 18 ; Cu. 16
Faros, one of the Cyclades islands
famous for its white marble, A,
in. 126 ; Ci, 476 ; hence,
Farius, adj. Farian, O. m. 34 ;
A. 1. 593
Parrhasius, adj. of Farrhasia, a
town in Arcadia ; hence, Ar-
cadian, A. vm. 344 ; XI. 31
Puthenius, adj. of Farthenius, a
mountain in Arcadia, E.x.57
Parthenius, a Trojan, A. x. 748
Parthenopaeus, son of Meleager
and Ataluita, and one of the
seven chieftains in the Theban
war, A. VI. 480
Parthenope, the ancient name of
Naples, Q. TV. 564
Parthus, ac^. Parthian, of the
ParUuans (a nation living north-
east of the Caspian Sea) ; also
uaed as a substantive, E. i. 62 ;
X. 69 ; 0. la. 31 ; iv. 211, 314 ;
A. vn. 606 ; xn. 857, 858 ; Ci, 299
Pasiphae, wife of Minos, king of
Crete, and mother of the man-
bull, the Minotaur, E. vi. 46 ;
A. VI. 25, 447
Patavium, a city of Cisalpine
Gaul, now Padua, A. i. 247
Patron, an Arcadian, A. v. 298
Pegasides, the Muses, so called from
Pegasus, the winged horse of the
Muses, who with a blow of his
hoof caused Hippocrene, foun-
tain of the Muses, 'to spring from
Mount Helicon, C. ix. 2
Pelasgus, adj. Pelasgian ; hence,
Greek (the Felasgians having
been the ancient inhabitants of
Greece), A. I. 624 ; n. 106, 152 ;
IX. 154 ; Cu. 309 ; hence,
Pelasgi, as subst.j the Felasgians,
^. n. 83 ; vi. 503 ; vra. 600
Pelethronius, adj. Pelethronian or
Thessalian (so called from Pele-
thronius, a forest on Mount
Felion), G. m. 115
Feleus. son of Aeacus, also husband
of Thetis, and father of Achilles,
Cu. 297
Fellas, a Trojan, A. n. 435, 436
Felides, son or descendant of
Feleus ; hence, of Achilles his
son, A. II. 548; v. 808; Xll.
350 ; and of Neoptolemus his
grandson, A. n. 263
Felion, a mountain of Thessaly,
now Zagora, O. i. 281 ; ill. 94
Pellaeus, adj. Pelican, of Fella
(the Macedonian town where
Alexander the Great was born) ;
hence, Alexandrian, of Alex-
andria (the Egyptian city founded
by Alexander), O. TV. 287
Pelops, son of Tantalus, who served
him up to the gods at a feast.
He was restored to life, and
{)rovided with an ivory shoulder
n place of ttie one eaten. He
won his wife Hippodameia by
defeating her father Oenomaus
in a chariot-race, O. m. 7 ;
hence, Pelopeins, adj. of Pelops,
Peloponnesuun or Greek, A. ii.
193
Pelorus, a promontory of north-east
Sicily, now Capo cQ Faro, A. m.
411, 687
Felusiacus, adj. of Pelusium, a
539
INDEX
town of Sgsrpt ; hence, Egyptian,
6.1.228
Penates, the Penates, household
gods, or gods of the state oon-
sidered as a household (often
used in the sense of home) ;
A. I. 68, 878, 527, 704 ; n. 293,
514, 717, 747 ; m. 12, 15, 148,
603 ; IV. 21, 598 ; ▼. 62, 632 ;
TH. 121 ; vm. 11, 39, 123, 543,
679; IX. 258; XL 264; Ca.
K. 35 ; Ci. 331, 419
Peneleus, a Greek, A. n. 425
Peneos, a river of Thessaly, flowing
through Tempe, now the Selem-
bria, O. iv. 355 ; hence, Peneius,
Oiij. of the Peneus, O. iv. 317
Pentiiesilea, queen of the Amazons,
A. I. 491; XI. 662
Pentheus, king of Thebes, torn in
Eieces by his mother Agave and
er companions because he had
mocked at the rites of Bacchus,
A. IV. 469
Pergama (also Pergamum and
TlfpyatuK in Greek), the dtadel of
Troy, therefore Troy itself, A. I.
466, 651 ; n. 177, 291, 375, 556,
571 ; ra. 87, 336, 350 ; IV. 344,
426; VI. 516; vn. 322; vm.
37, 374 ; X. 58 ; XI. 280 ; hence,
Pergamens, adj. Trojan, A. m.
110, 476 ; V. 744 ; VI. 63
Pergamea, Pergamea or Pergamum,
the name given by Aeneas to his
city in Crete, A. m. 133
Peridia, mother of Onites, A. xn.
515
Periphas, a Greek, A. n. 476
Permessus, a river of Boeotia
flowing from Helicon, a haunt of
the Muses, E. vi. 64
Persae, the Persians, Cu. 34
Persephone, the Greek form of the
name Proserpina, Cu. 261
Persis, Persia. The name is used
loosely by Virpl so as to include
Arabia and Syria, O. iv. 290
PeteUa, a town of the Bmttii, A.
m. 402
Phaeaoes, the Phaeadans, mythic
inhabitants of Ck>rcyra (the
Scheria of the Odyuey), A. m.
291
Phaedra, wife of Theseus, and
daughter of Minos, A. VL 445
>40
Phaethon: (1) Hellas, the Sim-
god, A. V. 105 ; (2) more
commonly, a son of Helios, who
attempted to drive his father's
steeds, but losing control of
them was destroyed by Jove's
thunderbolt, A. x. 189; Cu.
128
Phaethontiades, the sisters of
PhaeUion, -wbo, when mourning
over thdr brother's fate, were
changed into alders (or, according
to some, poi>lar8), B. vi. 62
Phanaeus, adj. of Phanae, a
promontory of CSiios, noted for
Its wine, O. n. 98
Pharus, a Butulian, A. X. 322
Phasis, a river of Oolchis, emptying
into the Euxine, now Bion, G.
IV. 367
Phegeus, a Trojan, iL. Y. 263 ; IX.
765 ; xn. 371
Pheneus, a town of Arcadia, A.
vm. 165
Pheres, a Trojan, A. x. 413
Philippi, a town of Macedonia,
now FiliU, where Brutus and
Cassius were defeated by Oc-
tavius and Antony, O. l. 490
Phillyrides, son of Philjrra,
nymph beloved . by Saturn.
Their son was the centaur
Chiron, O. m. 550
Philoctetes, son of Poeas, king of
Meliboea, in Thessaly. From
Hercules he inherited the
poisoned arrows vritiiout which
Troy could not be taken, and
with whidi he slew Paris.
After the war he founded PeteUa
in Italy, A. m. 402
Philomela, daughter of Pandion,
and sister of Procne. Tereus, the
latter's husband, did violence to
her and cut out her tongue,
whereupon the sisters slew
Tereus' son Itsrs and served him
up at a feast. All three were
chimged into birds, Philomela
becoming a nightingale, Procne
a swallow, and Tereus a hoopoe,
E. VI. 79
Pbineius, adj. of Phineus, son of
Agenor and king of Thrace, who
was struck blind by the gods and
tormented by the Harpies for
INDEX
E>Tit;t.ing out the eyes of his sons,
^. m. 212
ilesetlion, a river of fire in
nCttrtarus, A, TT. 265, 651 ; Cu.
272, 374
nlegra, a country of Macedonia,
a^^terwards called Pallene, where
-tile gods and giants fought, Cu.
2d
'Ulegyas, a son of Mars, and father
of Ixion. He was punished in
"tlie -world below for the impious
act of burning Apollo's temple at
I>elphl, A. VI. 618
Plioebe, a name of Diana, as moon-
goddess, G. I. 431 ; A.x. 216
Plioebigena, son of Phoebus, i.e.
Aesculapius, A. vn. 773
Plioebus, a name of Apollo, E. in.
62 ; A. I. 329, etc. (54 instances) ;
bence Phoeb6us, adj. of Phoebus,
A. m. 637 ; rv. 6
Phoenices, the Phoenicians, A. i.
344
Phoenissa, fern. adj. Phoenician,
A. I. 670 ; as nibst. a Phoenician
woman, A. I. 714 ; iv. 348, 529 ;
VI. 450
Phoenix : (1) son of Amyntor and
companion of Achilles, A. n.
762 ; (2) a son of Agenor,
brother of Cadmus and Europa,
Ci. 220
PholoS, a slave-woman, A. V. 285
Pholus : (1) a Centaur, who enter-
tained Hercules, but was acci-
dentally killed by one of his
guest's arrows, O. ii. 456 ; A.
VIII. 294 ; (2) a Trojan, A. xil.
341
Phorbas, a Trojan, A. V. 842
Phorcus : (1) a sea-god, A. v. 240,
824 1 (2) a Latin, A. X. 327
Phrygiu8,«4?. Phrygian, of Phrygla,
a country of Asia Minor, in which
lay Troy ; hence Trojan ; also
Phryx, adj. with plur. Phryges,
PturyglanB or Trojans. The
fern. nng. Phrygia is also used as
a sub8t.t G. IV. 41 ; A. I. 182,
381, etc. (81 instances of Phrygius
and 13 of Phryx)
Fhthla, a district of Thessaly,
home of Achilles, A. i. 284
PhylllB: (1) a rustic girl, JB. iii.
76, 78, 107 ; V. 10 ; vn. 14. 69,
63; X. 37, 41; Cu. 182; (2)
daughter of Sithon. king of
Thrace, and betrothed to Demo-
phoon, son of Theseus ; ef. Cu.
131
Phyllodoce, a Nereid, O. iv. 336
Picus, son of Saturn and father of
Faunus ; he was changed by
droe into a wood-pecker, A.
vn. 48, 171, 189
Pierides, the Muses^ so called from
their haunt Pieria in Thessaly,
B. in. 85; VI. 13: vm. 63;
IX. 33 ; X. 72 ; Ci. 94 ; also
Pierius, adj. Pierian, Thessalian,
Cu. 18
Pilunmus, son of Daunus and
ancestor of Tumus, A. ix. 4 ;
X. 76, 619 \ xn. 83
Pinarius, adj. of the Pinarii, a
family who with the Potitii
ftrst assisted at the rites of
Hercules, A. vm. 270
Pindus, a mountain in Thessaly, a
seat of the Muses, now Mezzara,
E. X. 11
Piraeeus, the Piraeus, the cele-
brated port of Athens, Ci. 468
Pirithous, son of Ixion, king of the
Lapithae, companion of Theseus,
wiui whose aid he attempted to
carry away Proserpina from
the home of Pluto, A. vi. 393,
601
Pisa, a city of Elis, near the river
Alpheus, G. III. 180
Pisae, Pisa, a town of Etruria,
supposed to be a colony from
Pisa in Blis, A. x. 179
Pleias (Plias), one of the Pleiades,
the seven daughters of Atlas
who were changed into a con-
stellation, G. I. 138 ; IV. 233
Plemsrrium, a promontory of Sicily
near Syracuse, A, in. 693
Pluton. Pluto, brother of Jupiter
and king of the lower world, A.
vn. 827
Podalirius, a Trojan, A. xn. 304
Poenae, Punishments (personifica-
tion), goddesses of vengeance,
identified with the Furies or
Fiends, Cu. 877
Poenus, adj.i Phoenician, Cartha-
mnlan, £. v. 27 ; Ci. 135 ; with
Poeni, subsLt the Phoenicians or
541
INDEX
Carthaginians, A, I. 802, 442,
567 ; lY. 134 ; vi. 858 ; xn. 4
Follies, a son of Priam, A, n. 526 ;
V. 564
PoUlo, C. Asinius Polllo, a distin-
guished statesman and writer,
a friend and patron of Vlrs^,
E, m. 84, 86, 88 ; lY. 12
Pollux, brother of Castor. As son
of Jove, he was immortal, and
on the death of Castor he was
allowed to share his immortality
witii his broUier on alternate
days, Q. m. 89 ; A, vi. 121
Polyboetes, a Trojan, priest of
Ceres, A. vi. 484
PolydOrus, son of Priam, slain in
Thrace by Polsrmnestor, A. iii.
45. 49, 55, 62
Polyhyninia, one of the Muses,
C{. 55
Polyldos, a priest, Ci, 112
Polyphemus, a Cyclops of Sicily,
whose eye was put out by
Ulysses, A. m. 641, 657
Pometil, a Volscian town, also
caUed Suessa Pometla, A. Tl. 775
Pontus : (1) the Euxine or Black
Sea. Q. I. 58 ; (2) the region
south of the Euxine, E, yin. 95,
96
Populonia, a city on the coast of
Etruria, A. z. 172
Porsenna, a king of Etruria, who
attempted to restore the banished
Tarquins, A, yui. 646
Portunus, the god of harbours,
Greek naAat>wi/, A. v. 241
Potltius, one of the family who.
along with the Pinarii, assisted
at the rites of Hercules, A. yni.
269, 281
Potnias, adj. of Potniae, a town of
Boeotia, the residence of Qlaucus,
son of Sisyphus, whose horses
went mad and tore their master
in pieces, Q. ui. 268
Praeneste, an ancient city of
Latium, now Palestrina, A. vn.
682 ; ym. 561 ; with Praenes-
tlnus, adi. of Praeneste, A, yn.
678
Priamldes, son of Priam, A» m.
295, 346 ; YI. 494. 509
Priamus : (1) Priam, son of
Laomedon and king of Troy,
42
A. I. 458, etc. (38 instances) ;
hence Priameius, od!?. of Priam,
A. n. 403 ; m. 321 ; yn. 252 ;
(2) son of Poiites, and grandson
of (1), A. V. 564
Priapus, a god of gardens, pro-
tecting ttiem against thieves and
' birds. His image served as a
kind of scarecrow, E. vn. 33 ;
Q. IV. Ill ; P. in. 17, 20
Pristis, name of a ship (Sea-
dragon), A. V. 116, 154, 156, 187,
218
Privemum, a town of the Volsci,
in Latium, A, xi. 540
Privemus, a Butulian, A. IX. 576
Procas, a king of Alba, A. VI. 767
Prochyta, an island off the coast
of Campania, now Procida, A,
IX. 715
Procne, wife of Tereus and sister
of Philomela, changed into a
swallow ; hence used of the
swallow itself, Q, iv. 15; Ct.
410
Procris, wife of Cephalus, who shot
her accidentally while hunting,
A. VI. 445
Proetides, the daughters of Proetus,
king of Tiryns, whom Juno
changed into cows, E. vi. 48
Prometheus, son of lapetus. He
stole fire from heaven, E. vi. 42
Promolus, a Trojan, A, ix. 574
Proserpina, dau^ter of Ceres and
wife of Pluto, who stole her from
her mother, 0. i. 39 ; iv. 487 ;
A. IV. 698 ; VI. 142, 402, 487
Proteus, a sea-god, shepherd of the
sea-calves of Neptune. His
dwelling was in the island of
Pharos or Carpathus, and he
was associated with Egypt. He
had the power of changing him-
self into all kinds of forms, Q.
IV. 388, 422, 429, 447, 528 ; A.
XI. 262
Prytanis, a Trojan, A. ix. 767
Publicola, a surname of the
Messallae, Ca. ix. 40
Punicus, adj. Punic, Carthaginian,
A. I. 338 ; IV. 49
Pygmalion, Dido's brother, who
killed her husband, A. i. 847,
364 ; rv. 325
Pylius, Olid' of Pylos, in southern
INDEX
EUis, wbere Nestor lived, Ca.
k:x. 16
rcAcmon, a Cyclops, A. vm. 425
(Tx-gi, a to-wn of Etrurla, J., x. 184
y~rso, tlie nuise of Priam's
oliilaren. A.. Y. 645
yxTlia, wife of Deucalion, who
aiter the deluge repeopled the
earth by casting stones behind
lier, E. VI. 41
^yrrhus, the son of Achilles ; also
called Neoptolemus. After the
Troiaii war he founded a king-
dom in Spirus, A. n. 469, 491,
526. 529. 547, 662 ; m. 296, 319
Quercens, a Butullan, A. ix. 681
QuincUo, a servile name, Ca. x. 8
Qulrlnus, the name given to the
deified Bomulus, O. in. 27 ;
A. I. 292; Yl. 859; hence
Qulrlnalis, adj. of Quinnus, A.
VII. 187, 612
Quirltes, the Quirltes or Roman
citizens, O. rv. 201 ; A. vn. 710
Rapo, a Kutullan, A. x. 747
Remulus, a Butullan, A, ix. 360,
593, 633 ; Xl. 636
Kemus: (1) brother of Romulus,
O. II. 533; A, i. 292; (2) a
Rutulian. A. ix. 330
Rhadamanthus, a son of Jupiter,
brother of Minos, and a judge in
the lower world, A. vi. 566
Rhaebus, the horse of MezenUus,
A. X. 861
Rhaetlcus, adj. of the Rhaeti, a
nation dwelling in the Tyrol
and eastern Switzerland, Q. ii.
96
Rhamnes, a Rutulian, and augur
of Tumus, A. IX. 325, 359, 452
Rhamuusius, adj. of Rhanmus, the
most northern town of Attica,
Oi. 228
Rhea, a priestess, mother of
Aventinus, A. VH. 659
Rhenus, the Rhine, E. x. 47 ; A,
Rhesus, a king of Thrace, whose
horses were captured by Ulysses
and Diomedes, Q. iv. 462 ; A. I.
469; Ctf.828
Rhodius, adj. of Rhodes, an island
in the eastern Mediterranean, O.
n. 102
Rhodope, a mountain-range of
Thrace, now Despoto Dogh, E.
VI. 30; vm. 44; Q. i. 332;
m. 351, 462 ; hence Rhodopelus,
adj. O. IV. 461
Rhoetelus, adj. of Rhoeteum, a
promontory of the Troad ; hence
Trojan, A. v. 646 ; xn. 456
Rhoetens, a Rutulian, A. in. 108 ;
VI. 505 ; Cu. 313
Rhoetus : (1) a centaur, O. n.
456 ; (2) a Rutulian, A. ix. 344,
345; (3) a king of the Marsi,
A, X. 388
Riphaeua. adj. Riphaean, of the
Riphaei, a mountain-range of
Scythia, G. i. 240 ; in. 382 ; iv.
518
Ripheus, a Trojan, A. n. 339, 394,
426
Roma, Rome, E. i. 19, 26 ; O. I.
466 ; U. 534 ; A. l. 7 ; v. 601 ;
VI. 781 ; vn. 603, 709 ; vm.
635 ; xn. 168 ; Ca. in. 5 ; ix.
37 ; Cu. 360 ; hence, Romanus,
adj. Roman, 0. i. 490 ; A. I. 33,
etc. (32 Instances)
Romulus, the mythical founder of
Rome, O. i. 498; A. I. 276;
VI. 778 ; vm. 342 ; also as
adj., of Romulus, A. vi. 876.
Hence, Romuleus, adj. of
Romulus, A. vm. 654, and
Romulldae, sons or descendants
of Romulus, A. vm. 638
Roseus, adj. of Rosea, a district in
Central Italy near the Vellne
Lake, A. vn. 712
Rufrae, a town of Campania, A.
vn. 739
Rutulus. adj. Rutulian, of the
Rutuli, a people of Latium,
whose capital was Ardea ; the
plur. Rutuli is used as a subst. ;
A. 1. 266; VII. 318, etc. (64
instances)
Sabaeus, adj. of Saba (Sheba) in
Arabia Felix ; the nuue. jdur.
Sabaei Is used as a subti., O. I.
57 ; II. 117 ; A. 1. 416 ; vra. 706
Sabellus, adj. SabelUan or Sabine,
of the Sabelli or Sabinl, <?. ii.
543
INDEX
167; A. vn. 666; vra. 610;
also Sabellicus, adj.^ O. in. 255
Sabinus : (1) adj. Sabine, of the
Sablnes, a people of Central
Italy, also in Latium and
Southern Italy, with plur. wbst.
Sabinl, the Sabines, O. ii. 532 ;
A. vn. 706. 709 ; vra. 635 ; Cu.
404; (2) the mjrthical ancestor
of the Sabines, A. vn. 178;
(3) the name of a mnledriver,
Ca. X. 1, 8, 14
Saces, a Eutnllan, A. xn. 651
Sacranus, adj. of the Bacrani, a
people of old Latium, A. vn. 796
Sacrator, a Butulian, A. x. 747
Sagarls, a Trojan, A. v. 263 ; ix.
575
Salamis, the famous island in the
Saronic Gulf, once the home of
Telamon, A. vra. 158 ; hence,
Salaminius, adj. Ci. 470
Salii, the twelve dancing priests of
Mars, A. vm. 285, 663
Salius : (1) an Acamanian, A. v.
298, 321, 335, 841, 347, 352,
356 ; (2) an Etruscan, A. x. 753
Sallentlnus, adj. of the Sallentini,
a people of Calabria in Italy, A.
m. 400
Salmoneus, a son of Aeolus, ruling
in Elis, punished for his impiety
in imitating the thunder and
lightning of Jupiter, A. vi. 585
Same, an island in the Ionian Sea,
the later Cephallenia (now Cepha-
lonia), A. m. 271
Samos : (1) an island off the coast
of Asia Minor, now Samo, A. i.
16 ; (2) another name for
Samothracia, A. vn. 208
Samothracia, an island off the
coast of Thrace, now Samo-
thraki, A. vn. 208
Sapientia, Wisdom, or Philosophy
(personification), Ci. 14
Sardonius, adj. Sardinian, of Sar-
dinia, famous for bitter herbs,
E. vn. 41
Samus, a river of Campania, now
the Samo, A. vn. 738
Sarpedon, a son of Jupiter, king
of Lycia, killed before Troy,
A. I. 100 ; IX. 697 ; x. 125,
471
Sarranus, adj. of Sarra, ancient
544 .
name of Tyre; hence, Tyrlan,
O. n. 506
Sarrastes, a people of Campania,
about Sorrento, A. vn. 738
Saticulus, adj. of Saticula, a town
in the hills of Campania, A. vn.
729
Satura, a lake in Latium, A. vn.
801
Saturnus, a fabled and deified king
of Latium, identified with Kp^vo? ;
in his time fell the golden age,
O. I. 336 ; n. 406, 538 ; m. 93 ;
A. VI. 794 ; vn. 49, 180, 203 ;
vm. 819, 357 ; xn. 830 ; hence,
Saturnius, adj. of Saturn, applied
to children of Saturn, as Jupiter,
Neptune and Juno ; and
Saturnia, fern. stAst., Juno, E.
TV. 6 ; VI. 41 ; O. n. 173 ; A. i.
23, 569 ; III. 380 ; IV. 92, 372 ;
V. 606, 799 ; vn. 428, 660, 572,
622; vm. 329, 358; IX. 2,
745, 802; x. 659, 760; XI.
252 ; XII. 156, 178, 807
Satyri, Satyrs, deities of the woods,
represented with goats' legs and
horns, E. v. 73 ; Cu. 116
Scaeus, adj. Scaean, name of the
western (left) gate of Troy,
facing the sea, A* ii. 612 ;
m. 351
Sdpiadae, the Scipios, one of the
most famous families of Borne,
O. II. 170 ; A. VI. 843 ; Cu. 370
Sciron, a noted robber on the
coast between Megara and
Athens, slain by Theseus, Ci. 465
Scorpios, the constellation Scorpion,
O. I. 35 ; Ci. 535
Scybale, name of an African
woman, M. 31, 50, 119
Scylaoeum, a town of southern
Italy, on the coast of Bruttlum,
now Squillace, A. m. 553
Scylla : (1) a sea-monster dwelling
on one side of the Strait of
Messene, A. m. 420, 424, 432,
684; VI. 286; vn. 302; Ci.
65 ; Cu. 831 ; (2) a daughter
of Nisus, who betrayed her father
to Minos and was changed to a
bird, E. vi. 74; O. l. 405;
Ci. 49, 91. 130, 131, 209, 386,
410. 455, 493 ; (3) name of one
of Aeneas' ships, A. v. 122
INDEX
llaeua, etdj, of Soylla, A. i. 200 ;
H. 57
Tius, adj. of Scyros, an island
lortli-east of Euboea, now
5kyro, A. n. 477
ytlua, Scythia, the country
nortli of the Black Sea, B. i. 65 ;
Q. 1. 240 J in. 197, 349
l>etbis, a nymph, A. vn. 734
linus, a town on the south-
western coast of Sicily, now
Pileri, A. m. 705
3liiiS) a rhetorician, Ca. y. 3
emele, daughter of Cadmus, and
mother of Bacchus by Jupiter,
Ca. XX. 33
enectus. Age (personification), A.
VI. 275
^eres, a people of Eastern Asia
(including probably the ChincRe),
G. n. 121
^erestuB, a Trojan, ^. i. 611 ; iv.
288 ; V. 487 ; ix. 171, 779 ; x.
541 ; xn. 549, 561
Sergestus, a Trojan, A. i. 510;
IV. 288 ; V. 121, 184, 186, 203,
221, 272. 282 ; xn. 561
Sergius, adj. of Sergius, the name
of a Roman gma, A. v. 121
Seriphus, a small island among the
Cyclades in the Aegean, now
Serfo, Ci. 477
Serranus : (1) a ocwnomen of the
famous B«gulus, who was plough-
ing when told of his election as
consul, A.Yi. 844 ; (2) a Rutulian,
A. IX. 336, 464
SevSrus, a mountain in the Sabine
territory, A. vn. 713
SextuB Sabinus, name of a youth,
Ca. V. 6
Sibylla, a Sibyl, prophetess *, especi-
ally tiie Cumaean, who guided
Aeneas to the world below, A.
in. 462; V. 785; VI. 10, 44,
98, 176, 211, 236, 638, 666, 762,
897
Sicanius and Bicanus, adj. Sicanian.
of the Sicsni, an old race of
»cily, E. X. 4; A. m. 692;
V. 24 ; vm. 328, 416 ; xi. 317 ;
with Sicani, tubtt. the Sicilians,
A. v. 298; vn. 79&; and
Sicani, /m. tuM. Sicily, A. i.
567
8ioeliB,/Mn. adj. SioUian, B. iv. 1
VIRG. II.
Siculus, adj. Sicilian, B. n. 21 ;
x. 51 ; A. I. 34, 549 ; in. 410,
418, 696 ; V. 702 ; vn. 289
Sicyonius, adj. of Sicyon, a city
of the Peloponnesus, now Vasi-
liko, G. n. 619 : Ci. 169
Sidicinus, adj. of the Sididni, a
people of Campania, J., vn. 727
Sidon, a city of Phoenicia, now
Saida, A. i. 609 ; hence, Sidonius,
adj. Sidonian or Phoenician ;
also Tyrian, because Sidon was
the mother-city of Tyre, A. i.
446, 613, 678 ; IV. 76, 137, 546,
683 ; V. 671 ; IX. 266 ; xi. 74 ;
Ct. 387
Sigeus, adj. of Sigeum, a promon-
tory of the Troad, A. ll. 312;
vn. 294 ; Cu. 307
Sila, a forest in Bruttium, G. in.
219 ; A. xn. 715
Silarus, a river between Lucania
and Campania, now Sele, Q. in.
146
Silenus, an old Satyr, chief atten-
dant of Bacchus, B. vi. 14
Silvanus, a woodland god, £. x. 24 ;
<?. I. 20 ; n. 494 ; A. vm. 600
Silvia, a Latin maid, daughter of
Tyrrhus, A. vn. 487, 603
Silvius : (1) a son of Aeneas, A.
VI. 763; (2) Silvius Aeneas, a
king of Alba, A. vi. 769
Simois, a river of the Troad, now
Mendere Tchai, A. I. 100, 618 ;
m. 302; V. 261, 634, 803;
VI. 88 ; X. 60 ; xi. 267 ; Cu. 307
Simylus, a rustic, M. 3, 53. 121
Sinon, the Greek spy, ihrough
whose craft the wooden horse
was taken into Troy, A. u. 79,
196, 259, 329
Sirenes, the Sirens, fabulous crea-
tures, half maiden, half bird,
living on rocky islands near the
Campanian coast, and with their
songs enticing sailors to their
destruction, A. v. 864
Sirius, the Dog-star, whose rising
is associated with extreme heat,
0. IV. 425 ; A. in. 141 ; x. 273
Siron, Siro, an Epicurean philo-
sopher, teacher of Virgil, Co. v.
9 ; vin. 1
Sithonius, adj. of the Sithonii, a
Thraoian tribe, B. x. 66
54^5
N N
INDEX
Sol, the Sun (penonlfled), Q. u.
821 ; lY. 51 ; ii. I. 568 ; IT. (M)7 ;
▼n. 11, 100, 218, 227 ; xn. 104,
176
Sonmls, Dreuna (penoniflcatlon),
A, VI. 283
Somnos, Sleep, the god of deep,
son of Brebu and Noz, A, v.
888 * YI 803
SopbooleiiB, odj, of BophodaB, the
great Attic tragedy-writer, B.
vm. 10
Sopor, Sleep (peraoniflcatioxi), A.
VL 278
Soracte, a moimtaiii in Btmria, not
far from Borne, now S. Oreete,
A, vn. 606 ; ZI. 785
Sparta, the oapital of Laoonia ;
alBo called Laoedaemon, O. in.
405 ; A, n. 577 ; X. 02 ; with
Spartaniu, adi. Spartan, A. i.
816, and Spaitious, adi. Spartan,
Ctt. 400
SpercheoB, a river of Theesaly, now
the BUada, O. n. 487
Spio, a sea-nymph, Q. iv. 838 ;
A. V. 826
Steropee, a Cydope, A. vm. 425
Sthenelna : (1) a Greek, charioteer
of Diomedes, A. ii. 261 ; (2) a
Troian, A. xn. 341
Sthenius, a BntuUan, A. x. 888
Stimichon, a shepherd, E. v. 55
Stot>phades, two islands of the
Ionian Sea, south of Zacynthus,
to wtAdtL the Harpies were
driven by the sons of Boreas,
now Strofahia, A. m. 200, 210
Strymon, a river of Macedonia,
near Thrace, now Struma, 0. iv.
508; with Strymonius, adj. of
the Strsrmon, O. I. 120; A. x.
265 ; XI. 580 ; C«. 328
Strymonius, a Troian, A. x. 414
Stjnc, a river of the lower wwld,
G. I. 248 ; IV. 480 ; A. VI. 154,
439 ; with Stygius, adj. Stygian
or infernal, O, ni. 551 ; iv. 506 ;
A, m. 215; IV. 638, 609; v.
855: VI. 134, 252, 328, 360,
374, 385, 301; VU. 476, 773;
vm. 206; IX. 104; x. 113;
xn. 01, 816; Ctt. 240; also
Stygialius, adj. Stygian, (7t.
374
Sucro, a ButuUan, A» xn. 505
54.6
Solmo, a RatuUaa. ^.
X. 6i7
Bunlas, at^. of Snninm, i
tory of Attica, wbsre a tempe
AiMorodite stood ; no^w kw>«i! :
Capo Colonna, Ci. 472
Surisca, Syiisca, an ina-kieepe. '
Surrentinus, ad3. of Smieu: ^
now Sorrento, a tovm of C&r
pania, Ca. xiv. 12
Sybaris, a Trojan, A. xn. 363
Sychaeus, husbaad of XH<io, A.
843, 348, 720 ; IV. 20, 502, €f i
VI. 474 ; also as acfj.* ^- TV. oc.
Symaethius, adj» of the SymaetZ/r-
a river at the east end of Sic^^
near Catina. A. ix. 584
Syracoeius, ae(f, of Ssnacuse, chir
city of Sicily and liom^ ^
Theocritus, ly. vi. 1 ; Cto. xv. !
Syrius, adj. of Syria ; used fre«^^
of all the country at the east es :
of the Mediterranean, O, XL S^
Ci. 512
Syrtis, the name of two shaBo*
bays on the north ooast of Libya,
now the Gulf of Sidia azK? ^
Gulf of Gabes, ^. iv. 41 ; v. 31.
102 ; VI. 60 ; vn. S02 ; D. »>;
(e/. A. I. Ill, 146 : X. 678)
Tabumus, a mountain of Gampaoia
on the borders of Samniuio, nov
Monte Tabumo, Q. n. 38; ^•
xn. 715
Taenaritts, add. of Taenaraa, a
promontory at tihe soutb ex-
tremity of Laconia. with a cave
fabled to be an entrance to the
world below, Q. iv. 467
Tagus : (1) a Latin, A. ix. 418 ;
(2) a river of Lusitania (Portugal
and Western Spahi), Ca, ix. 52
Talos, a ButuUan, A. xn. 513
Tanager, a river of Lucania, now
Tangro, G. m. 151
Tanais: (1) a river of Seythia,
now the Don, O. iv. 517 ; (2) a
ButuUan, A. xn. 513
Tantaleus, aidi, of Tantaliis, father
of Pelops, grandfather of Atreua,
and great-grandfather of Aga-
memnon and Menelaus, Ctt. 334
Tarchon or Taioho, an Btruscan,
1
INDEX
A. vm. 606, 603; X. 153, 290,
299, 302 ; XI. 184, 727, 729, 746,
757
^.rentuin, a city of Calabria on
tlie Oulf of Tarentum, now
Taranto, O. n. 197 ; A. m. 551
arx>eia, a maiden, companion of
Camilla, JL. xi. 656
arpeius, euij. Tarpeian, a name
applied to the rock of the Capitol,
A,, vm. 347 ; with arx^ of the
Capitol itself, A. vm. 652
rarquinius, Tarquinius Superbus.
or Ts^quin, .tiie last king of
Rome, A. Tin. 646; in ^ur.^
the Tar quins, the family gener-
ally, A. YI. 817, or Tarquinius
Superbus and his father Tar-
quinius Priscus, Ca. ix. 36
Tarquitius, a rhetorician, Ca. v. 3
Tarquitus, a Latin hero, A. x. 550
Tartarus, the abode of the wicked
in the lower world, 0. l. 86;
II. 292; IT. 482; A. lY. 243,
446 ; V. 734 ; VI. 135, 543, 577 ;
vm. 663 ; IX. 496 ; XI. 397 ;
xn. 14L 205 ; Cu. 274, 294, 333 ;
with Tartareus, adj, Tartarean,
Infernal, A. vi. 295, 395, 551 ;
VII. 328. 514 ; vm. 667 ; xn. 846
Tatius, Titus Tatlus, king of the
Sabines, witii whom Romulus
shared his kingdom. A. vm. 638
Taygete, one of the Pleiades, O. iv.
232
Taygetus, a mountain-range of
Laoonia, 0. n. 488 ; m. 44
Tegeaeus, adj. of Tegea, a town of
Arcadia ; hence. Arcadian, O. l.
18 ; A. V. 299 ; vm. 459
Telamonius, adj. of Teliunon, son
of Aeacus, brother of Peleus and
father of Ajax and Teucer, Cu.
297, 315
Teleboae, a people dwelling in
some Elands between Leucadia
and Acarnania, whence came
the early settlers of Capri, A. vii.
785
Tellus, Barth (personification), A,
IV. 166 ; VII. 137
Telon, a king of the Teleboae, A.
vn. 784 .
Tempe, a valley in Thessaly, famous
for its beauty, now Lykostomo,
^ 0. 11. 469 ; IV. 317 ; Cu. 94
Tempestates, goddesses of the
weather or storm. Tempests, A,
V. 772
Tenedos, an island in the Aegean,
near the Troad, still so called,
A. II. 21, 203, 255
Tereus : (1) a king of Thrace,
husband of Procne the sister of
Philomela, and father of Itys,
B. VI. 78 ; (2) a Trojan, A. XI.
675
Terra, Earth (personification), O.
I. 278 ; rv. 178 ; vi. 580, 695 ;
xn. 176, 778
Tethys, a sea-goddess, wife of
Oceanus, and mother of all
waters, G. l. 31 ; Ci. 392
Tetrica, a mountain in the Sabine
territory, A. vn. 713
Teucer and Teucrus : (1) first
king of Troy, father of Batea,
who married Dardanus, ii .1.235 ;
m. 108 ; IV. 230 ; vi. 500, 648 ;
hence Teucri, subal. the Teu-
crians or Trojans, A. i. 38, 89 ;
n. 252, etc. (130 instances) ; also
Teucrius, adj. Teucrian or
Trojan, Cu. 306, with Teueria,
8u^. the Teucrian or Trojan
land, A. U. 26; (2) a son of
Telamon and Hesione, half-
brother of AJax, and founder of
Salamis in Cyprus, A. 1. 619
Teuthras, an Arcadian, A. x. 402
Teutonicus, adj. of the Teutones,
a tribe of Germany, A. vn. 741
Thaemon, a Lydan, A. x. 126
Thalassio, an ancient salutation to
a bride at her wedding, possibly
of Etruscan ori^. One explana-
tion, given by livy (i. 9), is that
at xhe time when the Sabine
women were oairied off by the
Romans, one woman of great
beauty was taken by the attend-
ants of a certain Thalassius, and
to the frequent inquiry for
whom she was intended the
answer given was Thakusio, i.«.
"for Thalassius," Ca. xn. 9;
xm. 16
Thalia: (1) a Muse, usually
assigned to Ckimedy, B. n. 2;
Cu, 1. (2) a sea-nymph, A, v.
820
Thamyrus, a Trojan, A. xn. 841
547
INDEX
Thapsus, a city and peninsula on
the eastern coast of Sicily, now
Magnisi, A. ni. 689
Thasius, adj. of Thasos, an island
in the north Aegean, now Thaso,
O. n. 91
Thaumantias, /em. adj. daughter of
Thaumas, Iris, ^1. ix. 5
Theano, a Cbojan woman, A.x. 703
Thebae, Thebes, capital of Boeotia,
now Thiva, where the scene of
the Baeehae of Euripides is laid,
A. TV. 469 ; hence Thebanus,
adj. Theban, A. ix. 697
Themillas, a Butulian, A. ix. 576
Thermodon. a river of Pontus,
along which dwelt the Amazons,
now Termeh Tchai, A, XL. 669
Theron, a Latin, A. x. 812
Thersilochus. the name of two
Trojans, A. YI. 483 ; xn. 363
Theseus, an early king of Athens,
slayer of the Minotaur. Along
wltii Pirithous he attempted to
carry Proserpina from the lower
world, and in punishment was
made to sit on a rock for ever,
A. VI. 122, 393, 618 ; Ci. 102 ;
hence Thesidae, sons of Theseus,
i.e. Atiienians, O. n. 383
Thessandrus, a Greek, A. n. 261
Thestylis, a rustic woman, B. n.
10,43
Thetis, a sea-nymph, one of the
Nereids, mother of Achilles,
G. I. 399 ; A. V. 826 (c/. vm.
383) ; also of the sea itself, E.
TV. 32
Thoas: (1) a Qreek, A. n. 262;
(2) a Trojan, A. x. 416
Thraca, Thrace, A. xn. 335 ; also
Thraces, Thracians, A. m. 14;
Thracius and Threicius, adj.
Thradan, E. TV. 55 ; A. m. 61 ;
V. 312, 536, 565 ; vi. 120, 645 ;
VII. 208 ; IX. 49 : XI. 659 ; with
Thraex. adj. Thradan, D. 37 ;
and Tnreicii, subst. Thracians,
A. X. 360 ; also Threissa, fern,
adj. Thracian, A. i. 316; xi.
858
Thronius, a Trojan, A. x. 753
Thucydides, famous Greek his-
torian, Ca. n. 3
Thule. a supposed island at the
norih-east of Europe, beyond
548
Britain, discovered by P3rthea8,
Q. I. 30
Thybris : (1) a king of the Etrus-
cans, A. vm. 330 ; (2) same as
Tiberis, A. ym. 831, etc.
Thjrias, a Thjiad, a female wor-
shipper of Bacchus, a Bacchante,
A. TV. 302
Thyinber^a Eutulian, A. X. 391,
394
Thymbraeus : (1) adj. of Thjrmbra,
a town of the Troad, in which
was a temple of Apollo, 6. TV.
323 ; used as «u6st. god of
Thymbra, Apollo, A. m. 85;
(2) a. Trojan, A. xn. 458
Thymbris, a Trojan, A. X. 124
Thymoetes, name of two Trojans,
A. n. 32 ; X. 123 ; xn. 364
Thyrsis, a shepherd, E. vn. 2, 3,
20 ; vn. 16, 69
Tiberis or Thybris, the river
Tiber, now Tevere, O. I. 499;
A. II. 782 ; ni. 500 ; v. 83, 797 ;
VI. 87 ; vn. 151, 242, 803, 436,
715 ; vm. 64, 72, 86, 331, 540 ;
x. 421 ; XI. 393 ; Ca. xm. 23 ;
hence, Tlberlnus, adj. of the
Tiber, A. i. 18; x. 833; xi.
449; xn. 35; used as subtt.
the river-god Tiber, O. TV. 369 ;
A. VI. 873 ; vn. 80, 797 ; vm.
31 ; IX. 125
Tibur, an andent town of Latium
on the Anio, twenty miles north-
east of Bome, now Tivoli, A. vn.
630; hence Tiburs, adj. of
Tibur, A. Yn. 670; ix. 360;
with plur. Tiburtes, as suM.
the Tiburtines, A. xi. 757
Tiburtus, an Argive, one of the
mythic founders of Tibur, A. vn.
671 ; XI. 519
Tigris : (1) the famous river of
Asia, E. I. 62; (2) name of a
ship, A. X. 166
Timavus, a small river in Istria,
between Aquileia and Trieste. E.
vm. 6 ; 0. in. 475 ; A. i. 244
Timor. Fear or Terror (personiflca-
tion), A. IX. 719
Tiphys, pilot of the Argo, E. TV. 84
Tiryntmus, adj. of Tiryns, an
ancient dty of Argolis, where
Hercules was reared ; hence, as
tubtL the Tirynthian, Hercides,
INDEX
il. TIL 022; Tin. 228: /m-
McM. Jimo, a. 161
Ttatphme, one of the tlnee Facia, ,
G. m. 562 ; A.YI. 555, 571 ; Z.
761 ; Off. 218
Titan, one of the six sons of Caehs
and Tora ; also a name of the
sun-god, idio was son of Hy-
perion, A, IT. 11^; hence
Tttanina, m^. Titanian, of the
Titans, A. TL 580, 725
Ttthonns, son of Laomedon, hus-
band of Amora, and father of
Memnon, O. I. 447; m. 48;
A, IT. 585; IX. 460; with
Tithonios, adj, of Tithonos,
A. Tin. 384 ' ,
TitTDS, a giant, son of Jupiter,
sUln by ApoUo for offering
Tiolenoe to I«atona, A. ti. 595 ;
Cu. 237
Tityriis. a shepherd's name, com-
mon in bnooUc poetry, B.i. 1, 4,
13, 18, 38 ; in. 20, 96 ; T. 12 ;
TI. 4; Tin. 65; ix. 23, 24;
<?. IT. 566 . , ^ ,
Tmaios, a mountain in Epurus,
E. Tin. 44; hence, Tmarlus,
adj. of Tmaros, A, T. 620
Tmarus, a Rutulian, A. IZ. 685
Tmolus, a mountain in Lydia,
famous for its vines, now
Kisilja Mousa Dagh, O. I. 56;
with Tmolius, adj. of Tmolus,
Cu. 75; as subst. (properly
lV«Aio5 (tIkos), Tmollan wine
G. II. 98
Tolumnius, a Butulian augur, A.
XI. 429 ; xn. 258, 460
Torquatus, a surname of Titus
Manllus, who wore the collar of a
Oaul whom he had slain in single
combat. In his consulship B.O.
340, he put his son to death for
disobedience, A. Tl. 825
Trinacria, Sicily (so called from its
three promontories), A. in. 440,
582; V. 393, 555; Ca. IX. 20:
D. 9 ; with Trinacrius, adj. of
SicUy, Sicilian, A. I. 196; in.
384, 429, 554 ; T. 300, 450, 580,
573
Triptolemus, son of Celeus, and
inventor of agriculture, Cu. 136
(c/. 0. 1. 19)
Triton : (1) a sea-god, son of
Neptune, iriio blows a aiieU at
the bidding of bb father. A, i.
144; TI. ITS; to irfMT. »»-
gods, A. T. 824; (2) name of a
ship, with the flgore-head of a
Triton, A. X. a09 ,^
Tritonis, Pallas or ,lfl?«va» so
called beoauae of her bjith
(acooffding to IBUorptlan fable)
near Lake Triton to Africa. A. ii.
226; with Tritonius, •*.JW-
tonian, A. n. 616 ; T. T04 ;
XI. 483 ; with /m. fubti. Tri-
tonia, Tritonia or Mtoerva, A.
n. 171 . , ^,
Trivia, an epithet of Diana or
Hecate, whose Images, were
placed at the intersection of
roads (properly, she of the three
ways), A. vi. 13, 36. 69 ; Til.
516, 774, 778 ; X. 637 ; XI. 666,
836
Troades, Trojan women. A, V. 613,
Troia : (1) the city of troy. iff. IV.
36 ; G. I. 602 ; n. 386 ; i. I. 24,
etc. (92 instances) ; (2) a dty
founded by Helenus in Epirua,
ii. m. 849, 497 ; (fi) part of the
dty Aoesta in Sioily, A, v. 766 :
(4) a game of Roman boys, ^. v.
602 ; with Trolua, «y. Trojan,
X. 1. 119. etc. (22 instanow). apd
Troianus, A. i. 10, etc. (40 In-
stances) 4 , J»J
Troilus, a son of Priam, il. I. 474.
Trolugena, a Trojan (Trojan In
birth). A, in. 369; viil. U7 ;
xn. 646 , „ . w, I
Tros: (1) son of Brlohthpnlus.
father of Assaracus, and king of
Phrygla, 0. ixi. 86; (2) adJ,
Trojan; or tubH. a Trojan,
A. 1. 8(), 129, etc. (36 Inntanoes)
Trsrphon. a muleteer. Oa. X. 6
Tucca. i.«. PloUus Tuooa, ons i»f
yirgU's friends and literary
executors, Ca. I. 1 _ ^ „. .
Tulls, an attendant of Camilla, A,
XI, 666
TuUus. <.«. TuUus HoitlUui.^the
thiri ktog of Eome, A. VI. 814;
vni. 644 ^ _ - . ,
Tumus. the son of Daunut and the
^^mph VenllU, king of the
EutuUans, who, as suitor for the
hand of Lavtola, realitsd the
.549
INDEX
settlement of Aeneas. (The
word may be a contraction from
Jifrrhmiu.) A. vn. 56, 344, etc.
(152 instances)
TvucoB.adj. of Etmria, Etruscan
or Tuscan, witli suM. plur.
Tnsci,' Etruscans or Tuscans,
O. I. 499 ; A. vm. 473 ; x. 164,
199, 203; XI. 316, 629; xn.
551
Tydeus, son of Oeneus, father of
Diomedes, and one of the
•* Seven against Thebes," A.
VI. 479 ; hence Tydides, son of
Tydeus, Diomedes, A. i. 97,
471 ; n. 164, 197 ; x. 29 ; XI.
404 ; xn. 351
Tsmdaridae, sons of Tsmdareus (or
TjnidaruB), viz.. Castor and
Pollux, by Leda. As Pollux was
reallv the son of Jupiter, he
was Immortal, but after Castor's
death he stiared his immortality
on alternate days with ms
brother. Ci. 899. The sing.
Tsmdarls, dau^terof Tsmdareus,
IS used of Helen, really the
daughter of Jupiter, who had
taken the form of a white swan,
A. n. 569, 601 ; Ca. IX. 27
TyphOeus, son of Earth and
Tartarus, also called Typhon,
who had a hundred heads and
breathed fire. He was slain by
lightning and buried under
Aetna or Ischia, O. I. 279 ;
A. vm. 298: ix. 716; hence
TyphdeOs, ath. of Typhon, A. i.
665
Typhon, another name for
Typhoeus, Ci. 32
Tyres, an Arcadian, A. x. 403
Tjrros, Tvre, the diief city of
Phoenicia, famous for its purple
dye, A. I. 346; rv. 36, 43.
670; hence Tyrius, adj. oi
Tyre, or of CarUiage (colonised
from Tyre) ; also used as a
suM. a Tyrian or a Cartha-
ginian, O. m. 17, 307 ; A. I. 12,
20, etc. (28 instances)
Tyrrhenus : (1) an Etruscan, A.
XI. 612; (2) adj. Etruscan or
Tuscan; aiBO used as a subst.
O. n. 164, 198; A. I. 67, etc.
(34 instances)
550
Tjrrrhus or Tsrrrheus, a Latin,
herdsman of Latinus, A. vn.
485, 508, 532 ; hence Tyrrhidae,
the sons of Tjrrrhus, A. vii.
484 ; IX. 28
Ucaiegon, a Trojan, A. u. 312
Ufens : (1) a small river of Latium,
now Ufente, A. vn. 802 ; (2) a
Rutulian, A. vii. 745 ; vm. 6 ;
X. 518 ; xn. 460, 641
Ulixes, Ulysses, the hero Odysseus
of the Odyssey, E. vm. 70 ;
A. n. 7, 44, 90, 97, 164, 261,
436, 762; m. 273, 613, 628,
691 ; IX. 602 ; xi. 263 ; Ci. 58
Umber, adj. Umbrian, of the
Umbri, a tribe of Northern
Italy ; used as 8uM. (»e. conw),
an umbrian hound. A. xn. 753
Umbro, a Harsian, ally of Tumua,
A. VII. 752 ; X. 544
Valerus, an Etruscan, A. x. 752
Varius. an epic poet, friend of
Virgil, for whom he was a
literary executor, E. ix. 36;
Ca. VII. 1
Varro, a rhetorician, probably not
the famous and versatile M.
Terentius Varro, Ca. v. 3
Varus, L. Alfenus Varus, who
succeeded Pollio in Cisalpine
Gaul and had charge of the
confiscation of lands in Virgo's
district, E. vi. 7, 10, 12; ix.
26,27
Vellnus : (1) adj. of Velia, a town
on the coast of Lucama, now
Castellamare della Bruca, A. vi.
366; (2) a lake in the Sabine
territory, A. vn. 517, 712
Venilia, a nymph, mother of
Tumus, ^. X. 76
Venulus, a Latin, messenger of
Tumus, A. vm. 9 ; xi. 242, 742
Venus, goddess of love and beauty,
daughter of Jupiter and Dione ;
identified with the Greek Aphro-
dite, E. m. 68; vn. 62; vm.
78 ; Q. in. 267 ; A. I. 229, etc.
(53 instances) ; often used as a
ssmonym for amor, O. n. 329 ;
ni. 64, 97, 137, 210; IV. 199,
INDEX
&15 ; A.. IT. 33; yi. 26; xi.
T3e ; Af . 86
ar^lius, the poet VirgU. O, iv. 562.
esaevus, Vesuvius, the famous
^volcano in Campania, G. n. 224
eayer, evening, the evening star
CSesperus) ; also the West, J?.
VI. 86 ; G. I. 251 ; iv. 186, 434,
4:74; A. I. 374; vm. 280;
Cu, 203 ; (ef. also O. I. 461 ;
III. 336 ; ^. y. 19)
^esta, goddess of the hearth and
liousehold, emblem of family life.
Xn her temple, on the hearth of
the £U>nian state considered as a
family, her fire was kept always
burning, O. i. 498; nr. 384;
JL. I. 292 ; n. 296, 567 ; y. 744 ;
IX. 250 ; Co. 26 ; M. 52
Veaulus. a mountain in liguria,
now Monte Vlso. A. z. 708
Victoria, Victory (personification),
A. XI. 436 ; xn. 187
Virbius: (1) a name given to
Hippolytus on his return to
life. A, yn. 777 ; (2) a son of
HlppQlsrtus, A. yn. 762
Virtus, Valour (personification), Cu,
299
VolcanuB. Vulcan, god of fire, son
of Jupiter and Juno, also used
for fire itself, O. i. 295 ; iV. 846 ;
A. n. 311 ; y. 662 ; Tn. 77, 679 ;
vm. 198, 372, 422, 729 ; IX. 76,
148 ; X. 543 ; XI. 439 ; M. 52 ;
D. 52; L. 70; henoe. Vol-
caniuB, of Vulcan, of me, A,
vm. 422, 535; X. 408; xn.
739 ; Cu, 320
Volcens, a Latin, A. ix. 370, 875,
420, 439, 451 ; X. 563
Volscus. adj. Volscian, of the
Volsd, a people who once occu-
pied a considerable part of
Latium, A. vn. 803 ; plur. subsl.
Volsd, the Volscians, Q. n. 168 ;
A. IX. 505; XI. 167, 432, 463,
498, 546, 800, 898
Voltnmus. a river of Campania,
now Voltumo, A. vn. 729
Volusus, a Butulian, A. xi. 463
Xantho, a Nereid, O. iv. 336
Xanthus : (1) a river of the Troad,
A. I. 473 ; m. 497 ; y. 634, 803,
808; yi. 88; x. 60; Cu. 14,
307 ; (2) a stream in Epirus,
named from (1), A. m. 850:
(3) a river in Lyda, haunt of
Apollo, A. TV. 143
Zacynthos, an island in the Ionian
Sea, now Zante, A. m. 270
Zandaeus, adj. Zandaean, of
Zande colder name of Messana,
or Messina, in Sicily), Cu. 332
Zephyrus, god of the west wind, son
of Astraeus and Aurora; also
the west wind itsdf , E. Y. 5 ;
O I. 44, 371; n. 106, 380;
m. 184, 278, 822 ; IV. 138, 305 ;
A. I. 131; n. 417; m. 120;
ly. 223. 562; y. 33; x. 103;
xn. 884; Ci. 25
551
\
IS oasAT wmitATs bt
t
7
I
I
W'
'■'fc-
\}
HDRD UNIVERSITY UBRARIES
HANFORD, CAUFORMA