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VIRGINIA    MAGAZINE 


HISTORY    AND    BIOGRAPHY, 


>  Quarterly  bv 

THE   VIRGINIA  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY, 


THE  YEAR  ENDING  JUNE,  1894. 


VOLU  M  K     I. 


Richmond,  Va  : 

HOUSE  OF  THE  SOCIETY, 

No.  707  East  Fkanklin  St. 


PRESERVATION 
REPLACEMENT 
REVIEW]?^   ^'^ 


•*:  •••       ....... 

•      •"  ••       ••*••• 


•       •••      ••     •   '  m  •••■..        •      •' 


PUBLICATION  COMMITTEE, 

Col.  archer  ANDERSON,   Chairman. 
B.  W.  GREEN.  M.   D. 
CHARLES  V.   MEREDITH. 
LYON  G.  TYLER. 
ROSEWELL  PAGE. 


Editor  of  the  Magazine. 
PHILIP  A.  BRUCE. 


WILLIAM    ELLIS   JONES,   PRINTER, 
RICHMOND,   VA. 


f        t    •>       "    - 


« 


PROCEEDINGS 


OF  THE 


Virginia  Historical  Society 


FOR  THE  SIX   MONTHS 


Ending  July  1st,  1893. 


RICHMOND,  VA.: 

WM.  ELLIS  JONES,  BOOK   AND  JOB   PRINTER. 

1893. 


r 


OKKICERS: 


^U\n/ 


President. 
Joseph  Bryan,  Richmond,  Virginia. 

Vice-  Presidents, 

J.  L.  M.  Curry,  Richmond,  Virginia. 

Archer  Anderson,  Richmond,  Virginia. 

William  P.  Palmer,  M.  D.,  Richmond,  Virginia. 

Treasurer, 
Robert  T.  Brooke,  Richmond,  Virginia. 

Recording  Secretary, 
David  C.  Richardson,  Richmond,  Virginia. 

Corresponding  Secretary. 
Philip  A.  Bruce,  Richmond,  Virginia. 

^  Executive  Committee. 

E.  V.  Valentine,  Richmond,  Va.  Orin  L.  Cottrell,  Richmond,  Va. 
C  V.  Meredith,  Richmond,  Va.    Richard  H.  Gaines,  Richmond, Va, 
Dr.  B.  W.Green,  Richmond,  Va.  Robert  M   Hughes,  Norfolk,  Va. 
B.  B.  Munford.  Richmond. Va.      Lyon  G.  Tyler.  Williamsburg,  Va. 

F.  H.  McGi'iRE,  Richmond, Va.      J.  B.  Henneman,  Hampden-Sidney. 
T.  C  Williams,  Richmond,  Va.     R.  H.  Dabney,  University  of.Va. 

and  ex-officio,  the  President.  Vice-Presidents^  Secretaries 

and  Treasurer. 


Virginia  Historical  Society. 


At  the  last  annual  meeting  of  the  Virginia  Historical  Society, 
which  was  held  December  23rd,  1892,  in  the  Hall  of  the  House 
of  Delegates  in  Richmond,  the  following  officers  were  elected 
for  the  ensuing  year:  President,  Joseph  Bryan;  Vice-Presidents, 
First,  J.  L.  M.  Curry;  Second,  Archer  Anderson;  Third,  Wil- 
liam P.  Palmer;  M.  D. ;  Treasurer,  Robert  T.  Brooke;  Record- 
ing Secretary,  David  C.  Richardson;  Corresponding  Secretary. 
Philip  A.  Bruce.  Executive  Committee:  Edward  V.  Valentine, 
Chas.  V.  Meredith,  Orin  L  Cottrell,  Dr.  B.  W.  Green,  Richard 
H.  Gaines,  Beverley  B.  Munford,  Frank  H.  McGuire,  Thos.  C. 
Williams,  of  Richmond;  Robert  M.  Hughes,  of  Norfolk  ;  Pro- 
fessors Lyon  G.  Tyler,  of  William  and  Mary  College;  John  B. 
Henneman,  of  Hampden-Sidney  College,  and  Richard  Heath 
Dabney,  of  the  University  of  Virginia.  These  officers  began  . 
their  administration  of  the  affairs  of  the  Society,  January  ist, 

1893- 

At  a  regular  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee,  held  Jan- 
uary 7th,  1893,  D"*-  William  P.  Palmer  and  Messrs.  Frank  H. 
McGuire  and  Philip  A.  Bruce  were  appointed  a  committee,  to 
which  Dr.  B.  W.  Green  was  subsequently  added,  to  supervise  the 
alterations  and  improvements  in  the  interior  of  the  Lee  residence 
which  were  necessary  for  its  occupancy  by  the  Society. 

A  full  set  of  by-laws  were  adopted  by  the  Executive  Committee 
at  its  regular  meeting  April  8th.  and  a  thousand  copies  were 
ordered  to  be  published. 

The  following  Standing  Committees  were  appointed  at  the 
meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee  June  loth: 

Finance. — Joseph  Bryan,  Chairman,  Chas.  V.  Meredith,  Bev- 
erley B.  Munford  and  T.  C.  Williams. 


504371 


•  ■  ■      ■  _  •      • 

/.  : :  -:  ••: .'. •''. 

* •  •  •••    .  • ..; .  -\  •.. 


IV  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   SOCIETY. 

Publication. — Colonel  Archer  Anderson,  Chairman,  Philip 
A.  Bruce,  Prof.  R.  H.  Dabney,  Dr.-  B.  W.  Green,  and  Prof. 
Lyon  G.  Tyler.  Editor  in  charge  of  the  Magazine,  Philip  A. 
Bruce. 

Membership. — Dr.  Wm.  P.  Palmer,  Chairman,  David  C. 
Richardson,  Richard  H.  Gaines  and  F.  H.  McGuire. 

Library. — Hon.  J.  L.  M,  Curry,  Chairman.  Philip  A. 
Bruce,  O.  L.  Coltrell  and  Edward  V.  Valentine. 

In  June  the  Historical  Society  took  possession  of  a  separate 
home  of  its  own,  namely,  707  East  Franklin  street,  Richmond, 
the  house  which  was  occupied  as  a  residence  at  one  time  by  the 
family  of  General  Robert  E.  Lee,  the  property  of  Mrs.  John 
Stewart  and  the  Misses  Stewart,  of  Brook  Hill,  Henrico  county, 
Virginia,  who  have  generously  placed  it  at  the  disposal  of  the 
Society  under  the  terms  of  a  conditional  gift,  the  Society  to  have 
absolute  control  as  long  as  it  occupies  the  rooms,  but  upon  the 
withdrawal  of  its  property  and  its  discontinuation  of  the  use  of 
the  rooms,  the  house  to  revert  to  the  original  owners. 

For  a  number  of  years  the  paintings,  engravings,  books,  pam- 
phlets, manuscripts,  and  relics  belonging  to  the  Historical  Society 
have  been  deposited  in  the  Westmoreland  Club  house,  the  mem- 
bers of  the  club  having  the  use  of  the  paintings  and  engravings 
for  the  adornment  of  their  walls,  in  return  for  the  right  granted 
to  the  Society  to  keep  its  books,  pamphlets,  manuscripts,  and 
relics  in  a  suite  of  rooms  on  the  upper  floor  of  the  club  house. 
These  rooms  have  been  practically  inaccessible  to  the  members 
of  the  Society.  The  space  allotted  it  being  limited,  the  library 
has  been  stored  without  regard  to  orderly  arrangement,  and  has 
in  consequence  been  useless  to  the  historical  student  and  the 
general  reader  alike. 

The  house  now  occupied  by  the  Historical  Society,  in  addition 
to  being  a  building  of  great  historical  interest  from  its  associa- 
tion with  the  commander-in-chief  of  the  Confederate  Armies,  is 
a  handsome  and  substantial  structure,  situated  near  the  centre  of 
the  city,  and  affording  ample  room  for  all  the  uses  of  the  Society. 
The  house  has  been  put  in  good  repair,  the  wood-work  having 


PROCEEDINGS.  V 

been  repainted,  and  the  walls  and  ceilings  repapered.  The 
Society  was  enabled  to  make  these  improvements  by  the  gener- 
ous contributions  of  the  "  Daughters  of  the  American  Revolu- 
tion," of  Virginia;  the  Old  Dominion  Chapter  of  that  Society, 
through  Mrs.  James  H.  Dooley,  its  Regent,  giving  $801.30,  and 
the  Albemarle  Chapter,  through  Mrs.  Wm.  Wirt  Henry,  the 
State  Regent,  giving  $75.00.  The  property  of  the  Society  has 
now  been  removed  to  its  new  quarters  and  arranged  for  use  and 
inspection.  The  preparation  of  a  catalogue  of  the  library  is  in 
progress,  and  when  completed  will  show  that  the  Historical 
Society  is  in  possession  of  many  interesting  books,  pamphlets 
and  manuscripts.  In  addition  to  numerous  volumes  on  historical 
subjects,  there  is  a  valuable  miscellaneous  collection  of  books,  to 
which  additions  are  constantly  made  in  the  form  of  gifts  from 
members  of  the  Society,  and  persons  not  members  who  are  inter- 
ested in  historical  investigation.  The  increase  in  the  size  of  the 
library,  for  the  six  months  ending  July  ist,  1893,  amounted  to 
about  three  hundred  titles.  The  publications  of  the  Society  in 
the  library,  are  the  Letters  of  Governor  Thomas  Nelson;  the 
Official  Letters  and  Records  of  Spottswood  and  Dinwiddie; 
Documents  relating  to  the  Huguenot  Emigration  to  Virginia; 
The  Virginia  Company  of  London;  The  Federal  Convention  of 
1788,  and  two  volumes  containing  miscellaneous  papers.  Full 
and  odd  sets  of  these  publications  are  for  sale  by  the  Corres- 
ponding Secretary- 

Among  the  manuscripts  owned  by  the  Society  may  be  men- 
tioned the  Bland  autograph  letters,  presented  by  the  late  Chas. 
Campbell,  the  distinguished  historian  of  Virginia;  papers  rela- 
ting to  Colonel  Dabney's  Legion,  1780;  the  Charles  Carter  Lee 
Papers;  the  Meriwether  Order  Book,  1777-81;  Journal  of  the 
Confederate  Steamer  Georgia;  Pioneer  Reminiscences  of  Colonel 
Redd,  of  Henry  County,  1774;  Parish  Register  of  Sussex 
County,  1 749-' 75;  Edmund  Randolph's  History  of  Virginia;  list 
of  the  first  members  of  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa,  William  and  Mary 
College;  the  Letter  Books  of  William  Byrd  and  William  Fitz- 
hugh,  written  in  the  Seventeenth  century;  the  Rose  Diary;  the 
Account  Book  of  William  Massie,  1747-8;  Appellate  Court 
Decisions,  1731,  1739;  sixteen  volumes  of  autograph  letters  of 
distinguished  public  characters;  letters  and  manuscripts  of  the 


VI  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   SOCIETY. 

Randolph  family,  and  the  large  mass  of  papers  relating  to  the 
Ludwell  and  Lee  families,  given  to  the  Society  by  the  late  Cas- 
sius  F.  Lee,  Jr.,  of  Alexandria,  Virginia. 

Now  that  the  Virginia  Historical  Society  has  secured  a  sepa- 
rate home  of  its  own,  in  which  every  precaution  has  been  taken 
for  the  safe-keeping  of  its  valuable  property,  there  is  just  ground 
for  anticipating  that  it  will  become  the  depository  of  many  val- 
uable manuscripts  which  are  in  private  hands  in  this  State.  The 
Society  in  extending  the  proper  facilities  for  the  lasting  preser- 
vation of  such  manuscripts,  whether  given  to  it  or  merely  leni» 
is  subserving  one  of  the  chief  ends  for  which  it  was  established. 
The  gallery  of  historical  pictures  owned  by  the  Society  is  among 
the  most  important  of  its  kind  in  the  South,  including,  as  it  does» 
portraits  of  Washington,  Robert  E.  Lee,  Henry,  Jefferson, 
Madison,  Monroe,  Marshall,  Randolph,  Giles,  Arthur  Lee,  Pen- 
dleton, Pocahontas,  Mrs.  Washington,  Lafayette,  and  other  per- 
sons identified  with  the  history  of  Virginia  and  the  United  States. 
The  collection  of  relics  and  curiosities,  though  small,  is  valuable 
and  interesting.  • 

In  the  interval  between  January  ist  and  June  loth,  1893,  ^^^ 
date  of  the  last  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee,  the  mem- 
bership of  the  Society  was  increased  by  thriee  hundred  and 
fifteen  additions;  the  new  members,  like  the  old,  including  a 
large  number  of  the  most  distinguished  public  men  and  historical 
scholars  of  this  country.  The  Society  has  now  a  membership 
of  seven  hundred.  Relying  upon  the  income  from  this  source^ 
supplemented  by  the  guarantee  fund  of  $1,100  which  was  sub- 
scribed by  a  number  of  leading  members  of  the  Society  at  a 
meeting  held  in  Richmond,  December  5,  1892,  the  Executive 
Committee  decided  to  issue  a  historical  magazine,  published 
under  the  auspices  of  the  Society  and  for  the  benefit  of  its  mem- 
bers. This  magazine  will  be  issued  quarterly,  and  will  be 
/  devoted  to  the  publication  of  the  historical  material  which  now 
lies  in  manuscript  in  Virginia,  either  in  private  hands,  in  the 
county  court  offices,  or  in  the  libraries  of  the  State  and  the  His- 
torical Society.  It  is  not  intended  that  the  magazine  shall  super- 
sede the  former  annual  volume  altogether.  If  the  income  of  the 
Society  is  in  the  future  sufficiently  large,  it  is  proposed  from 


PROCEEDINGS.  Vll 

time  to  time,  without  regard  to  any  regular  interval,  to  publish 
in  this  form  manuscripts  which  are  too  bulky  for  the  magazine, 
and  which  will  require  a  more  extended  annotation  than  could 
be  given  if  they  appeared  in  the  magazine  itself.  It  is  believed 
that  the  magazine  will  arouse  a  greater  interest  in  historical' 
research  in  Virginia,  and  call  more  general  attention  to  the  large 
mass  of  historical  documents  in  this  State  which  are  now  unused 
and  even  unknown. 

The  Virginia  Historical  Society  does  not  propose  to  confine 
itself  to  increasing  its  library  of  books  and  gallery  of  pictures, 
or  to  becoming  a  depository  of  historical  manuscripts  and  relics, 
or 'to  issuing  a  magazine  and  an  occasional  volume.  It  hopes  in 
time  to  receive  sufficient  aid  from  the  Commonwealth  to  enable 
it  to  assume  the  task  of  transcribing  and  publishing  all  the 
records  in  the  British  State  Paper  Office,  which  relate  to  the 
Colonial  history  of  Virginia,  and  also  of  superintending  the 
copying  of  the  county  records  which  cover  the  same  important 
period.  The  work  of  the  Royal  Historical  Commission,  in 
England,  can  be  repeated  in  Virginia.  There  are  many  historical 
papers  in  private  hands  in  all  of  the  older  parts  of  the  State 
which  have  a  great  historical  interest,  and  which  should  be 
copied  and  published.  This  work  the  Virginia  Historical 
Society  hopes  in  time  to  be  in  a  position  to  do.  Its  principal 
aim  is  to  gather  together  all  the  material  which  illustrates  the 
history  of  Virginia,  leaving  no  storehouse  or  receptacle  unex- 
plored or  unexamined,  whether  public  or  private.  This  mate- 
rial should  be  published  in  order  that  the  historical  student  and 
writer  may  have  the  use  of  it  without  difficult  and  expensive 
research  as  at  present. 

The  history  of  Virginia  is  still  to  be  written.  As  long  as  a 
large  proportion  of  the  material  is  widely  scattered  and  practi- 
cally inaccessible,  it  is  impossible  for  that  history  to  be  written 
with  the  amplitude,  thoroughness  and  accuracy  which  should 
distinguish  the  relation  of  so  great  and  memorable  a  story.  In 
order  that  it  may  perform  its  mission  to  the  fullest  extent,  the 
Historical  Society  of  Virginia  should  receive  not  only  pecuniary 
aid  from  the  State,  but  also  a  generous  endowment  from  private 
benefiaictors  who  are  interested  in  the  objects  which  it  seeks  to 


<v 


vni  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 

promote.     It  should  be  raised  above  the  uncertain  income  of  a 
fluctuating  annual  membership. 

Under  resolutions  adopted  by  the  Executive  Committee  at  the 
meeting  of  the  committee  March  8th,  the  proceeds  of  the  sale  of 
the  past  publications  of  the  Society,  as  well  as  fees  for  life-mem- 
berships, are  to  be  devoted  to  the  creation  of  a  permanent  fund. 
This  fund  now  amounts  to  a  considerable  sum,  and  from  the  two 
sources  of  income  named  must  steadily  grow.  It  is,  however,  to 
be  earnestly  hoped  that  it  will  be  greatly  increased  at  an  early 
day  by  the  liberality  of  friends  of  the  Society. 


TH  E 


Virginia  Magazine 


OF 


HISTORY  AND  BIOGRAPHY. 


Vol.  I.  JULY,  1893.  No. 


Diary  of  Capt.  John  Davis,  of  the  Pennsylvania  Line. 

This  Diary,  showing  the  march,  position,  &c.,  of  Wayne's  Brigade, 
every  day  from  May  26,  1781,  when  the  command  left  York,  Pennsyl- 
vania, till  January  11,  1782.  when  it  was  at  Jacksonborough,  South 
Carolina,  was  copied  literally,  as  far  as  possible,  by  me,  from  the 
original  which  belongs  to  Mrs.  A.  H.  Fultz,  of  Staunton,  Va.,  a  grand- 
daughter of  Capt.  Davis. 

Capt.  Davis  was  a  native  of  Chester  county,  Pennsylvania.  At  the 
beginning  of  the  Revolution,  he  raised  a  company  and  served  to  the 
end  of  the  war.  He  participated  in  the  battles  of  Brandy  wine,  German - 
town,  Monmouth,  Stony  Point  and  Yorktown,  and  was  with  Wayne  in 
South  Carolina  and  Georgia.  He  spent  the  winter  of  1777-8,  at  Valley 
Forge.  After  the  war  he  married  Ann  Morton,  daughter  of  John 
Morton,  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence.  In  April,  1800 
he  was  appointed  Brigadier-General  of  Pennsylvania  militia,  and  there-* 
after  was  known  as  General  Davis ;  and  in  1803,  was  commissioned  an 
Associate  Judge  of  Chester  county.  He  died  July  10,  1827,  in  the  74th 
year  of  his  age.  The  inscription  on  his  tombstone  states  that  he  was 
long-  a  ruling  Elder  of  the  Presbyterian  church  and  a  man  of  unfeigned 
piety. 

It  must  be  remembered  that  the  Diary  was  written  hurriedly  in  the 
field  or  bivouac  and  necessarily  abounds  in  verbal  errors.  It  seems  to 
have  been  revised  afterwards  by  Capt.  Davis,  and  I  have  before  me  his 
revised  account  of  the  battle  of  Green  Springs,  as  follows  : 


2  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

"July  6.— Marched  at  5  o'clock,  A.  M.,for  Jamestown,  where  the 
enemy  at  this  time  lay  in  force.  When  the  army  had  advanced  within 
5  miles  of  this  town,  the  ist  Pennsylvania  Battalion  was  detached  with 
a  number  of  riflemen,  to  Green  Springs,  which  brought  on  a  scattering 
fire  that  continued  for  three  hours,  when  a  body  of  Light  Infantry  came 
with  the  other  two  Battalions  of  Pennsylvania  troops.  The  line  was 
displayed,  and  we  advanced  ;  by  this  time  the  enemy  was  meeting  us, 
when  a  general  action  ensued.  At  the  distance  of  one  hundred  yards, 
we  charged  on  their  main  body  under  a  heavy  and  incessant  fire  of 
grape  and  cannister  shot ;  at  this  instant  we  opened  our  musketry. 
Their  right  flanking  our  left,  a  retreat  was  found  necessary;  with  the 
loss  of  two  pieces  of  artillery — we  retired  to  a  church  where  we  lay 
this  night." 

JOS.  A.  WADDELL. 

Staunton,  Va.,  January,  iSgj. 


York  Town  [York,  Pa.].  26  May,  1781. 

Marched  from  York  Town,  9  o'clock  morning,  under  Gen. 
Wayne,  &  encamped  1 1  miles  on  the  road  to  Frederick  Town. 

27th.  General  Beat,  at  Sun  rise,  troops  took  up  the  line  of 
March  &  halted  near  Peter  Lylles  town,  being  14  miles. 

May  28.  Troops  took  up  the  line  of  March  at  sun  rise,  passed 
through  Tawney  Town  &  halted  near  Pipe  Creek,  about  14 
miles. 

29.  Troops  took  up  the  line  of  march  at  3  o'clock,  &  encamped 
on  the  S.  W.  Side  Manochory,  15  miles. 

30.  This  day  continued  on  the  ground.  Soldiers  washed  their 
cloathes,  cleaned  their  arms  &  were  Reviewed  at  7  o'clock  in  the 
evening  by  G.  Wayne. 

May  31.  Took  up  the  line  of  march  at  sun  rise,  passed 
through  Frederick  Town,  Maryland,  &  and  -reached  Powto- 
mack,  which,  in  crossing  in  Squows,  one  unfortunately  sunk, 
loaded  with  artillery  &  Q.  M.  stores  &  men,  in  which  our  Ser- 
geant Sl  three  men  were  drowned;  encamped  on  the  S.  W.  side 
of  the  river.  Night  being  very  wet,  our  baggage  not  crossed. 
Officers  of  the  Reg.  took  Quarters  in  Col.  Ciapam's  Negro 
Quarter,  where  we  agreeably  passed  the  night. 

June  1st.  Continued  on  our  ground  till  four  o'clock  in  the 
afternoon,  when  we  mov'd  five  miles  on  the  way  to  Leesburg. 

June  2nd.     Very  wet  day     *    *     &  continued  till  evening. 


DIARY  OF   CAPTAIN  JOHN   DAVIS.  3 

3rd.  [Loudoun  Co.]  Took  up  the  line  of  march  at  lo  o'clock, 
passed  through  Leesburg — the  appearance  of  which  I  was  much 
disappointed  in;  encamped  at  goose  creek,  15  miles. 

4th.  [Prince  Wm.  Co.]  Marched  from  goose  creek  at  six 
o'clock,  at  which  place  left  our  baggage  &  sick,  and  proceeded 
through  low  country.  Roads  bad  in  consequence  of  the  rains; 
encamped  at  the  Red  house,  18  miles. 

5th.  A  wet  morning,  cleared  off  at  10  o'clock;  Marched  at 
I  o'clock;  proceeded  12  miles  on  the  road  to  Rappahanock; 
lay  out  without  any  kind  of  shelter. 

6th.  [Fauquier  Co.]  Marched  at  6  o'clock,  9  miles  on  the 
road. 

7th.  This  day  continued  on  our  ground,  consequence  of  a 
heavy  rain  preceeding  night. 

June  8th.  Took  up  the  line  of  march  at  sun  rise;  Reached 
the  North  Branch  Rappahanock  at  10  o'clock. 

Troops  waded  the  river  &  proceeded  nine  miles  into  this 
county  [Culpepper  Co.] 

9th.  Took  up  the  line  of  march  at  six  o'clock;  crossed  the 
South  Branch  Rappahanock  and  proceeded  Five  miles  into  this 
county  [Orange  Co.];  country  poor,  &  buildings  very  small. 

loth.  Marched  at  5  o'clock;  a  thin  poor  country.  Joined  the 
Marquis's  this  day;  made  a  march  of  23  miles;  pass'd  a  body 
of  militia,  1800  men. 

II  June.  Marched  at  4  o'clock  ;  encamped  at  10  o'clock,  10 
miles.         ' 

1 2th.  [Louisa  Co.]  Marched  at  6  o'clock  through  woods  & 
pines,  at  length  got  to  the  main  road  leading  to  Fredericksburg, 
proceeded  5  miles  on  it  &  encamped. 

13th.     Troops  continued  in  their  encampment  this  day. 

14th.  Marched,  at  5  o'clock,  10  miles  through  so  poor  a 
country  it  did  not  produce  one  drop  of  water  ;  at  the  place  we 
left  all  our  Tents. 

15th  June.  [Hanover  Co.]  Took  up  the  line  of  march  at 
sun  rise;  this  day  was  attended  with  much  fatigue  for  want  of 
water,  refreshed  in  an  orchard  with  the  Col.,  when  the  Marquis 
took  part  with  us. 

[6th.  Took  up  the  line  of  march  at  day  Break,  proceeded 
six  miles,  when  we  washed   &   rested  ourselves  the  day;   at  this 


4  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL    MAGAZINE. 

place  we  built  an  agreeable  Bush  house  &  walk'd  out  in  the 
afternoon,  in  comp'y  with  Mr.  White,  to  see  a  pennsyl(vania) 
family  who  I  hapened  to  know,  A  Mr.  Parker. 

17th.  Marched  at  3  o'clock  through  the  best  country  we  had 
seen  in  the  State,  20  miles,  to  Mr.  Dandridge's. 

1 8th.  A  sweet  morning.  I  mounted  guard.  This  day  the 
enemy  advanced  on  us.  Our  Camp  struck  at  sunset.  All  the 
continental  troops  marched  in  order  to  surprise  a  party  of  horse. 
We  continued  till  day.  But  on  our  arrival  where  they  were,  they 
had  gone  some  hours. 

19th.  [Henrico  Co.]  Lay  on  our  arms  till  10  o'clock.  Then 
retired  4  miles  in  the  country,  where  we  lay  down  contented, 
destitute  of  any  refreshment,  Bedding  or  covering. 

20th.  Marched,  at  six  o'clock,  3  miles,  reviewed  by  the  Gen. 
at  3  o'clock;  lay  on  our  arms  all  night. 

2ist.  At  Col.  Simms  Mill.  Marched,  at  12  o'clock  A.  M.,  8 
miles,  and  lay  at  Bunells  ordinary,  destitute  of  every  necessary, 
both  of  life  and  convenience.  This  day  Capt.  Wilson  and  myself 
dined  with  Col.  Stuart. 

22nd  June.  [New  Kent  Co.]  Marched,  at  2  o'clock,  through 
a  well-inhabited  cuntry,  though  I  can  give  no  account  of  the 
people,  as  I  have  not  been  in  a  house  for  some  days,  though  they 
look  well  on  the  road  where  they  generally  paraded  to  see  us. 
This  day  passed  through  Richmond  in  24  hours  after  the  enemy 
evacuated  it — it  appears  a  scene  of  much  distress.  I  see  Jas. 
Humphrey  as  we   march'd,  though,  on  our  arrival   ki   Camp,  I 

returned,  when  I  found  Mr.  (word  illegible)  very  kind;  had 

the  pleasure  of   drinking  tea   with  a   Mrs.  Parke,  a   Lady  of 
Penn'a. 

23rd.  Marched  at  2  o'clock,  halted  at  8  for  refreshment,  when 
we  had  an  alarm.  Reports  from  our  lite  horse  the  enemy  within 
I  mile  of  us.  The  army  formed  for  action.  A  universal  Joy 
prevailed  that  certain  success  was  before;  we  lay  on  our  arms  10 
hours:  Hourly  receiving  accounts  of  their  advance.  But  to  our 
great  mortification  turned  out  a  false  alarm.  At  6  we  moved  our 
position  for  convenience  of  encampment  &  got  very  wet  this 
night  with  a  rain;  came  on  at  12  o'clock. 

24,  Sunday.  [James  City  Co.]  A  fine  morning.  We  lay  on 
this  ground  all  day  enjoying  ourselves  &  cooking.     This  day 


DIARY   OF   CAPTAIN   JOHN   DAVIS.  5 

one  of  our  soldiers  taken  deserting  to  the  enemy;  4  o'clock  he 
was  tried,  and  executed  in  the  evening.  Marched  at  dark  in 
order  to  surprise  Tarleton,  12  miles;  he  got  wind  of  our  ap- 
proach and  retired. 

25.  Lay  by  this  day.  At  dark  took  up  the  line  of  march  in 
order  to  overtake  Simcoe,  who  had  plundered  a  quanity  of  cattle* 

26th.  At  six  o'clock  in  the  morning  we  overtook  a  covering 
party,  who  retreated  before  us.  We  mounted  a  party  of  Infan- 
try behind  lite  horse,  who  overtook  their  rear.  We  had  a 
small  skirmish,  horse  &  foot,  in  which  we  took  same  lite  horse 
and  cattle  &  kilPd  30  on  the  spot  with  inconsiderable  loss.* 

27th.  This  day  we  lay  at  Bird's  Ornary.  I  mounted  guard; 
a  wet  night. 

28.  Clear  morning;  made  some  movements  for  advantage  of 
Ground. 

29.  Maneuve'd  considerably  in  this  country  in  consequence 
of  Bad  information. 

30.  Extremely  Fatigued;  lay  by  greater  part  of  this  day;  our 
tents  brought  to  us  in  the  evening. 

July  I,  Sunday.  Marched  at  day  break  8  miles  to  York  River, 
where  we  encamped  ;t  returned  that  night  to  our  former  post. 

2.  Marched  down  to  Bird's  Ornary;  returned  that  night  to 
our  post. 

3rd.  Marched  Sun  rise  to  some  Body's  old  field.  Maneu- 
veres  retrogade;  many  troops  were  out;  Hot  weather. 

4th.  A  wet  morning;  cleared  off  at  10  o'clock.  This  day 
we  had  a  Fude  joy  in  celebration  of  the  Independence  of  Amer- 
ica. After  that  was  over  Penn'  Line  performed  several  Maneu- 
veres,  in  which  we  fired. 

5th.  Marched  at  7  o'clock  on  our  way  to  Williamsburg,  pro- 
ceeded as  far  as  Chickahomony  Church,  where  we  lay  on  our 
arms  till  Sun  up. 

6ih.  At  sun  rise  we  took  up  the  line  of  march  for  Jamestown; 
which  place  the  enemy  lay  at.     The  ist  Batt°  was  detached  with 

*This  engagement  was  called  by  the  soldiers  the  battle  of  "Hot 
Water."  Col.  Butler  of  the  Pa.  line  commanded  the  Americans,  and 
Col.  Simcoe,  the  British.  Many  Augusta  county  militia  were  in  the 
fight.-J.  A.  W 

tCol.  Bassett's.York  River. 


6  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL     -lAGAZINE. 

some  riflemen,  which  brought  on  a  sca^i:erin^  fire  that  continued 
many  hours,  when  the  2nd  &  3rd  Bati'  with  one  of  Infantry 
arrived  in  sight;  we  formed  &  brought  on  a  Gen'  Action.  Our 
advances  regular  at  a  charge,  till  we  got  within  80  yds.  of  their 
main  body,  under  a  heavy  fire  of  Grape  shot,  at  which  distance 
we  opened  our  musquettryat  their  line;  3  of  our  artillery  horses 
being  wounded ;  &  then  their  right  flanking  our  left,  rendered  a 
retreat  necessary,  with  the  loss  of  2  pieces  of  Artillery.* 

7th.  This  day  we  lay  at  this  church ;  dressing  and  sending  our 
wounded  to  Hospital. 

8.     At  12  o'clock  this   day  we   marched   3  miles   toward  Jas 
River  for  Camp.  This  evening  I  went  to  see  the  wounded  at  the 
Bird  ornary.f 

9th  July.  I  returned  to  camp;  a  warm  day;  water  scarce  & 
bad.     This  day  we  lay  on  this  ground. 

10.  [Charles  City  Co.,  Holt's  Forge  and  Mills.]  Marched  at 
2  o'clock  P.  M.,  to  Holt's  Iron  Works.  Country  good  but 
reduced. 

nth.     Orders  for  washing  and  cleaning  our  arms. 

12.     Marched  at  7  o'clock  toward  James  River.     Roads  Bad. 


*The  above  was  a  more  important  engagement  than  would  be  in- 
ferred from  Capt  Davis's  mention  of  it.  His  account  is  interesting 
because  it  was  written  on  the  spot  and  on  the  same  day.  The  calmness 
of  his  brief  narrative  is  noticeable.  The  fight  is  known  in  history  as 
the  battle  of  Green  Spring. 

The  British  army  under  Cornwallis  was  proceeding  to  cross  from  the 
North  to  the  South  side  of  James  river,  at  Jamestown,  where  a  British 
dragoon  and  a  negro,  professing  to  be  deserters,  came  into  the  Amer- 
ican camp.  They  stated  that  all  the  British  army,  except  a  rear  guard, 
had  crossed  over,  and  La  Fayette  ordered  an  advance.  The  attack 
was  made  by  Wayne,  with  characteristic  impetuosity.  He  found  him- 
self confronted  by  the  whole  British  army,  and  his  command  would 
probably  have  been  destroyed  or  captured  if  La  Fayette  had  not  come 
up  and  ordered  the  Americans  to  withdraw;  they  were  not  pursued. 
The  American  loss  was  118  men  killed,  wounded  and  captured,  and  3 
cannon ;  of  the  British  80  men  killed  and  wounded.  A  body  of  Auijusia 
county  militia  participated  in  the  fight,  and  probably  were  the  riflemen 
mentioned  by  Capt.  D.— J.  A.  W. 

t  Observe  how  he  has  fallen  into  the  vernacular ;  at  first  he  wrote 
"  ordinary,"  now  ornary.—],  A.  \V. 


DIARY   OF   CAPTAIN   JOHN    DAVIS.  7 

13.  Orders  for  cleaning  ourselves  &  preparing  for  an  incorpo- 
ration [stc]  which  was  much  wished  for. 

14  July.  This  day  the  incorporation*  to  take  place,  when 
officers  determined  who  was  for  the  Carapagn. 

15.  [Chesterfield  Co.]  This  day  was  taken  up  in  crossing 
the  James  River,  when  our  friends  took  their  lekves. 

16.  Marched  at  3  o'clock  &  encamped  at  Chesterfield  church. 

17.  Marched  at  3  o'clock  for  Chesterfield  Court  House. 
Water  very  good  these  two  days  &  the  country  the  most  fertile 
we  had  seen. 

iSthJuly.  Marched  at  3  o'clock.  P.  M.,  to  Cheatum's  farms, 
12  miles. 

19th.  [Appomattox  River.]  Marched  at  4  o'clock,  A.  M., 
for  Good's  Bridge,  10  miles,  where  we  continued  two  days. 

21.  Cloudy  day. 

22.  This  day  we  had  a  soldier  hanged  for  marauding.  A 
raining  day,  cool  and  pleasant. 

23rd.  I  dined  this  day  with  Gen.  Wayne,  where  we  passed  an 
agreeable  afternoon. 

24.  Moved  our  camp  200  yards  in  the  rear.  No  particular 
accounts  of  the  enemy. 

25th  July.  About  2  o'clock  this  day  this  Bridge  (Good's)  fell 
in;  whose  construction  was  of  a  singular  nature.  No  person 
hurt,  tho'  many  about  and  under  it. 

26th.     Wet  morning  &  cloudy  day. 

27.  A  clear  fine  morning  ;  Warm  day. 

28.  Nothing  material  this  day. 

29.  Nothing  material  this  day. 

30.  General  Beat  this  morning  at  day  Break;  troops  marched 
by  the  right  to  Watkin's  Mill,  which  place  we  arrived  at  10 
o'clock,  9  miles.  Mr.  McKinney  &  myself  rode  out,  agreeable 
to  appointment,  to  dine  with  Mr.  Sagleson,  where  we  see  a  pretty 
agreeable  country. 

31st.  This  day  we  lay  still.  They  country  the  most  fertile 
we  had  seen  in  the  State. 

August  1st.  [Dinwiddie  Co.]  Wing  marched  day  Briak 
[sic']  12  miles. 

*  This  refers  to  a  re-organization  of  the  command— some  of  the 
officers  retired. 


8  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

2nd.     This  day  we  marched  to  As7tagui7i  River. 

3rd.     Marched  to  the  Right  about  for  the  North.  21  miles. 

August  4th.  Marched  at  day  Break  for  James  River  opposite 
Westam,  10  miles;  Capt.  Barthdo  Bond  &  my  self  rode  to 
Richmond,  where  we  were  agreeably  entertained  by  Mrs.  park 
&  some  Corlot*  \sic]  Lady",  &  the  Gentlemen  of  the  Virg.  Line 
who  had  been  prisoners ;  returned  to  camp  next  day. 

5th.  Cross' d  James  River  &  took  post  at  the  Hights 
Westam. 

6th.  Lay  on  this  ground  this  day,  which  place  enemy  had 
occupied  before  us. 

7th  Aug.     Lay  on  this  ground. 

8th.  Marched  at  10  o'clock,  A.  M.,  pass**  Richmond  day 
light;  encamped  3  miles  below. 

9.  [N.  Kent  Co.]  Gen^  Beat  at  i  o'clock,  A.  M.;  marched 
at  half  past  to  Bottom  Bridge;  made  a  short  halt;  proceeded  to 
Savages'  Farm,  1 1  miles.  This  day  our  Baggage  arrived  from 
Cox's  Mill;  all  well. 

loth.     Troops  continued  on  the  ground  this  day. 

nth  Aug.  Continued  on  this  ground.  No  official  account  of 
ye  enemy. 

1 2th.  A  wet  day;  a  soldier  of  the  Virg.  Line  executed  for 
shooting;  attempting  mutiny  in  shooting  a  Capt.  Kurpatrick. 

13.     Very  wet  day. 

14th.     A  fine  day;  lay  still. 

15.  Lay  on  the  ground  ;  this  day  dined  at  Lock  Hall's,  9 
miles  from  Camp,  with  some  Gent"  of  the  line. 

16.  Lay  on  the  ground ;  a  cool  agreeable  day. 

17  August.     Gen^  Beat  2  o'clock   morning;  troops  marched 
at  3  to  Phillips's  Farm,  near  Newcastle,  &  within   Four  miles  of 
Hanover  Town. 

18.  [Hanover  Co.,  Phillips'  "Farm.]  A  showry  day.  Country 
abounds  in  the  Best  water  Millons  I  ever  see. 

19.  Troops  continued  on  this  ground  this  day. 

20.  Troops  lay  still.  Messrs.  North,  McKinney  &  myself 
rode  out  to  see  the  country  and  a  certain  Mr.  Skelton's  seat 
which  was  elegant,  as  well  his  situation  singular. 

21  Aug.     This  day  the  troops  lay  still. 

22nd.  Weather  quite  cool;  rode  out  &  dined  at  Mr.  Ander- 
son's with  some  Virg*  officers. 


DIARY    OF   CAPTAIN   JOHN   DAVIS.  ^ 

23rd.  Troops  marched  at  8  o'clock,  A.  M.,  arrived  at  Sav- 
ages Farm. 

24.  [Charles  City  Co.]  Marched  at  4  o'clock,  A.  M.,  for 
Bird's  farm  on  James  River.  A  beautiful  situation.  This  Bird 
was  allowed  to  be  the  richest  man  in  Virg',  when  living;  his 
building  very  elegant. 

25  August.  We  lay  still  this  day  a  looking  around  us,  admir- 
ing the  greatness  of  this  man's  Idea  in  his  improvements. 

26.  Attended  Divine  worship  on  the  River  side,  under  a 
shade  of  cedars. 

27.  Marched  this  day  at  8  o'clock,  A.  M.,  to  Maubin  hill,  9 
miles  on  the  banks  ye  river. 

28.  Marched  this  day  at  2  o'clock  to  Westover. 

29.  Nothing  material. 

30.  [Surry  Co.]  Begun  this  night  to  cross  the  river,  which 
kept  us  some  Two  days,  as  the  river  is  one  mile  wide  &  boats 
very  bad. 

Sept.  I.  Information  this  morning  at  7  o'clock  of  a  French 
Fleet  riding  in  Chesepeck  Bay,  with  4000  troops  on  board;  we 
marched  at  8  A  M.,  &  halted  opposite  James  Town,  6  miles, 
where  we  pass'd  the  night. 

2nd.  At  10  o'clock  this  morning  a  number  of  boats  hove  in 
sight  (with  the  troops')  which  landed  at  James  Town. 

3rd.  Their  Boats  cross'd  the  river  next  morning  at  sun  rise 
&  cross'd  our  Troops.  Our  boats  not  yet  arrived.  We  lay  on 
James  Town  plains  this  day ;  at  night  we  march'd  to  Green 
Springs,  where  we  pass'd  ye  night. 

4th.  Marched  at  day  break  for  Williamsburg  ;  halted  on  the 
commons,  at  4  o'clock  P.  M.,  was  reviewed  by  Gen*  St.  Simon. 
This  night  we  took  part  in  the  City  Colledge. 

5th.  [Williamsburg.]  Pass'd  the  greater  part  of  this  day  in- 
terviewing the  city  &  its  public  buildings,  which  does  the  State 
credit;    lay  on  our  arms  near  town  in  a  thicket  of  woods. 

6th  Sept.  This  morning  at  8  o'clock  the  troops  took  up  ye 
line  of  march  &  pass'd  through  the  City  &  halted  within  7  miles 
of  York  &  encamped  at  Col.  Burrell's  Mill;  we  were  now  ye 
advanced  corps  ye  army. 

7.  This  morning  at  8  o'clock  we  were  alarmed  by  ye  firing  of 
several  shots  from  our  front  Piquett. 


10  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

8.  We  were  relieved  by  the  advanced  corps  of  the  army 
appointed  in  orders  &  marched  to  Join  our  Good  Ally,  which 
cut  a  respectable  figure,  &  encamp'd  the  whole,  North  of  Wil- 
liamsburg. I  was  ordered  to  repair  to  James  town  to  superin- 
tend the  crossint^  ye  Baggage. 

9th.  Dined  this  day  as  well  as  yesterday  with  Gen.  Wayne, 
at  his  Sick  Quarters,  &  repaired  to  Camp  at  night. 

10.  Reports  this  day  say  Gen'  Action  have  been  fought  off 
Chesepeak  bay  between  Adm*  Grass  &  Wood;  that  ye  latter 
have  made  to  Sea  and  a  superior  fleet  in  full  pursuit  of  him. 

nth  Sept.  Nothing  material.  Dined  with  some  Militia  offi- 
cers at  ye  Capitol  landing  [Williamsburg],  in  company  with 
several  Gen*  of  ye  line. 

12.  Nothing  material  occurred. 

13.  Rode  out  in  the  country  &  returned  in  ye  evening. 

14.  Twenty  one  Gun  firing  announced  the  arrival  of  Gen 
Washington  in  Camp.  The  army  paraded  &  was  reviewed 
before  he  lighted  from  his  horse. 

15.  A  very  wet  day,  which  was  much  wanted. 

16.  I  mounted  ye  Gen.  Guard.  Ye  officers  of  the  Infantry 
waited  on  the  Gen*  to  congratulate  his  arrival  at  1  he  Southern  States- 

77.  This  day  the  Gen\  with  ye  French  Gen\  left  camp  in 
order  to  see  Count  De  Grass,  who  lays  at  Hampton  Roads. 

18.  Nothing  material  except  the  landing  the  ist  Detatch"* 
from  ye  Northward. 

19.  This  day  I  rode  down  to  Holt*s  mill,  cross*  to  Surry 
county  with  W°.  Collier,  where  we  dined  with  Col.  Hutchins  on 
the  Banks  of  the  river;  we  pass'd  an  agreeable  afternoon;  cross'd 
ye  river  after  night;   lay  at  Holt's  mill. 

20.  Returned  to  camp  this  morning. 

21.  Second  division  of  ye  Northward  troops  arrived. 

22.  Nothing  material. 

23.  Very  rigilam  \_stc]  in  preparing  for  ye  siege. 

24.  Northward  troops  landing  &  marching  up  to  the  place. 

25.  Nothing  Material. 

26.  Orders  to  move  down  below  ye  town,  &  form  an  encamp- 
ment. 

27.  Marched  East  of  town  &  formed  the  Grand  army — Ameri- 
cans on  ye  right  &  French  on  ye  left. 


DIARY    OF   CAPTAIN   JOHN    DAVIS.  11 

28.  Army  march' d  this  morning  at  5.  by  the  right  for  York. 
On  arriving  on  its  environs,  the  British  horse  appeared.  The 
French  open*d  some  Field  pieces,  &  they  retreated  in  their 
works;  lay  on  our  arms. 

29.  [Camp  before  York.]  This  morning  formed  a  compleat 
investment  round  the  Town  &  pitch'd  our  camp.  The  enemy 
retreated  this  night  in  their  contacted  [jzV]  works. 

30.  Took  possession  of  their  out  lines. 

Oct.  I.  A  warm  hre  continued  all  this  day,  about  40  Guns  to 
the  hour  on  an  average  &  10  by  night  to  the  hour ;  2  men  only 
kiird.  one  of  them  on  ye  works. 

Oct.  2nd.  A  continual  firing  from  the  Enemy's  Batteries  all 
this  day.     Our  works  goes  on  rapidly. 

3rd.  A  continual  firing  was  kept  up  all  this  day.  A  deserter 
went  in  who  informed  them  where  our  covering  parties  lay. 
They  directed  their  shot  for  them  ;  the  first  kill'd  3  men  &  mor- 
tally wounded  a  fourth.     Our  works  go  on  rapidly. 

4th.  Our  cannon  &  Mortars  now  arrived.  This  day  Col. 
Tarlton  made  a  charge  on  Duke  Luzerne's  Legeonary  Corps  on 
Glochester  side  &  was  repulsed  with  the  loss  of  his  commanding 
offi'  of  Infantry  Kill'd  &  Tarlton  badly  wounded,  with  50  pri- 
vates Kiird  on  the  spot. 

5th.  Our  works  go  on  day  &  night.  Some  chance  men  kill'd 
with  the  incessant  fire  kept  up  on  our  works. 

6th.  A  rainy  day;  3000  fatigued  this  night  a  making  line 
for  our  covering  parties. 

7.  The  first  paralel  finish' d ;  carrying  on  the  Batteries  an 
incessant  firing  Day  &  Night. 

8th.  Oct     Our  heavy  ar tilery  taken  up  10  pieces  this  night. 

9th.  A  heavy  cannonade  kept  up  from  us,  which  dismounted 
all  their  pieces. 

10.  A  Mr.  Nelson  came  this  day  out,  who  say  our  shells  do 
much  execution. 

11.  Continual  firing  kept  up.  This  night  we  broke  ground  & 
formed  2^  paralel  with  the  loss  of  2  mittoke  men  kill'd. 

12.  The  enemy  kept  up  a  very  hot  fire  all  this  day. 

13th.  This  morning  2  Hessian  deserters  came  in,  who  says 
our  shells  do  much  execution. 

14.     This  morning  a  deserter  says  the  Infantry  refused  doing 


12  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

duty,  that  Cornwallis  flatters  them  they  shall  be  relieved  in  a  few 

days,  &  gave (word  illegible)  a  pipe  of  wine. 

This  night  the  Marquis  took  their  river  Battery  with  very  in- 
considerable loss,  &  Maj.  Gen.  Viominel  took  another  on  their 
extreme,  to  the  left,  with  little  loss  likewise,  &  now  our  second 
paralel  compleat. 

15.  This  night  the  enemy  made  a  rally  &  imposed  on  the 
French  for  Americans,  &  covr'd  our  ad  vane' d  posts  &  trenches, 
but  on  finding  out  the  imposition,  drove  them  with  the  loss  of  8 
prisoners  &  kilFd  on  ye  spot. 

16.  pushing  our  advanced  posts  forward  as  fast  as  possible. 

17.  Lord  Cornwallis  proposes  deputies  from  each  army  to 
meet  at  Moores  House  tp  agree  on  terms  for  the  surrender  of  the 
garrisons  of  York  &  Glocester ;  an  answer  sent  by  3  o'clock,  when 
a  cessation  of  arms  took  place. 

18.  Flags  passing  this  day  alternately. 

19.  At  10  o'clock  this  dav  our  troops  marched  in  and  took 
possession  of  their  batteries,  &  the  British  army  marched  out  & 
grounded  their  arms.  Our  army  drew  up  for  them  to  march 
through,  French  on  one  side  &  Americans  on  the  other. 

20.  Lay  quiet  in  our  camp  cleaning  ourselves. 

21.  [Camp  York.]  British  army  march'd  out  for  their  can- 
toonments  under  Militia  G'ds. 

22nd     Brigade  on  duty. 

23rd.  Orders  for  ye  troops  to  hold  themselves  in  readiness  to 
March  at  the  shortest  notice. 

24.  Marquis  De  St.  Simon's  troops  embarking  their  cannon. 

25.  Orders  for  Brigades  daily  to  be  on  duty  to  demolish  our 
works. 

26.  Nothing  material. 

27.  Ace**  Sir  H.  Clintons  embarked  from  New  York  for  ye 
South. 

28.  Orders  countermanded  respecting  our  cannon  going  on 
board. 

Nothing  material  occurred  till  5lh  Nov. 

5th  Nov.     Marched  at  9  o'clock  to  Burrell's  Mill;  18  miles. 
6ih.     Marched  at  day  light,  pass'd  through  Williamsburg,  en- 
camp'd  at  Bird's  ornary;   18  miles. 


DIARY   OF   CAPTAIN   JOHN    DAVIS  13 

7.  Marched  at  sun  rise  by  the  right,  encamp' d  at  Kent  Court 
House ;    14  miles. 

8.  March' d  at  sun  rise,  encamped  at  Bottom's  Bridge. 

9.  March' d  at  sun  rise,  encamped  at  Richmond. 

10  Nov.  troops  begun  to  cross  the  river.  Crafts  very  un- 
suitable for  the  purpose. 

11.  Waggons  &  ammunition  crossing. 

12.  Our  brigade  began  crossing. 

13.  continued  crossing ;  no  accident  except  a  boat  sinking  in 
the  river,  but  no  men  drowned. 

14.  Marylanders  proceed  on  their  way  for  petersburgh. 

15.  Our  Brigade  march  at  12  o'clock.     Encamp' d  Osbrons. 
16  Nov.     [Chesterfield  Co.]     March'd  at  sun  rise;    encamped 

at  Petersburgh. 

17.  Cross'd  Appomattock. 

18.  Lay  still  this,  which  was  a  very  fine  day. 

19.  [Brunswick  Co.]  Marched  at  sun  rise;  encamp'd  near 
Dun  woody  court  House;    19  miles. 

20.  March'd  at  sun  rise;  encamp'd  at  Nottoway  bridge;    14  M. 

21.  March'd  at  sun  rise,  encamped  at  East  Edmunsons;  15  M. 
22nd.  Nov.     March'd  at  sun  rise,  encamp'd  at  Mitchell  ornary ; 

15  miles. 

23.  [Mecklenburgh  Co.]  March'd  at  sun  rise;  encamped  at 
Hugh  Millers;    14  miles. 

24.  Marched  at  sun  rise;  arrived  at  Roanoke.  11  o'clock 
crossed  with  great  expedition. 

25th.  This  day  we  lay  still.  The  morning  foggy ;  heavy 
rain  afternoon. 

26.  lay  on  ye  Bank  River. 

27.  Maryland  line  cross'd. 

28.  Wet  day ;  lay  still. 

29.  March'd  at  sun  rise,  10  miles,  to  Williamsburgh. 

30.  [North  Carolina,  Greenville  Co.]  March'd,  at  sun  rise, 
12  miles  to  Harrisburgh. 

isl  December.  March'd  at  sun  rise,  to  Gen*  Parsons,  12 
miles,  through  the  best  country  I  see  since  crossing  potomack. 

2nd.  [Caswell  Co.]  March'd  at  sun  rise,  the  road  sloppy ; 
encamp'd  at  Pains  ornary,  16  m. 


H  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL    MAGAZINE. 

3rd  Dec.  March' d  this  morning  at  sun  ris^;  passed  by  Cas- 
well Court  House  &  cross' d  Hico  Creek,  10  miles. 

4lh.  March' d  at  sun  rise,  cross'd  County  line  creek,  when  it 
began  to  snow  at  12  o'clock;  continued  till  night,  when  it  was  4 
inches  deep.    We  had  a  very  tedious  day's  march,  13  miles. 

Capt.  Bartholomew  Broke  his  leg  by  a  fall  from  a  horse. 

5th.  This  day  the  troops  lay  on  their  ground ;  roads  very  bad ; 
detat'  of  I  Hundred  men  with  the  stores  stays  behind  in  order  to 
hasten  our  march. 

6th.  This  day  the  troops  lay  on  this  ground.  Capt.  Bond  & 
myself  dined  with  Col.  Dickson,  6  miles  from  camp. 

7th.  [Guilford  Co.]  This  day  the  troops  marched  at  sun 
rise  through  a  very  good  country;  waded  Haw  river  &encamp'd 
on  it,  16  miles. 

Dec.  8.  Troops  march' d  at  sun  rise,  through  a  good  looking 
country;  encamp'd  at  Guilford  Court  House,  20  miles. 

9th.  This  day  we  lay  on  this  ground,  which  turned  out  very 
rainy. 

10.  This  day  we  likewise  lay  still;  very  cold. 

11.  This  day  troops  march' d  at  sun  rise  through  a  Quaker 
Settlement;  country  good  &  well  wooded;  encamped  near  Barny 
Hidels  on  abbots  creek,  15  miles. 

12  Dec,  '81.  [Roan  Co.]  The  troops  took  up  the  line  of 
march  at  sun  rise  &  march 'd  through  a  German  settlement,  where 
the  farm  much  as  penn*;  left  Moravian  town  on  our  right  6  miles  J 
encamped  at  Mr.  McCuaneys.  16  M. 

13.  This  morning  at  sun  rise  the  troops  march' d,  crossed  the 
Yadkin  in  boats,  wagons  &  cattle  waded;  beautiful  river  about 
80  perches  wide ;  encamp'd  within  a  mile,  14  m. 

14  Dec.  Troops  march' d  at  sun  rise;  pass'd  through  Salisbury 
town,  which  is  a  very  pretty  town,  considering  its  remoteness  in 
the  state,  7  m. 

15.  Troops  march'd  at  sun  rise;  pass'd  a  good  settlement ; 
encamp'd  at  Mr.  Taylors,  12  M. 

16.  Troops  march'd  at  usual  time;  cross'd  Coddle  creek  on 
a  bridge  we  made,  &  waded  Rockey  river,  14  m;  Dined  with 
Gen.  Wayne,  visited  an  encampment  of  Catawba  Indians. 

17  Dec,  '81.  [Mecklenburg  Co.,  N.  C]  We  lay  still  in 
consequence  of  heavy  rains. 


DIARY   OF   CAPTAIN   JOHN    DAVIS.  15 

1 8.  Troops  march' d  at  sun  rise.  The  country  good;  en- 
camped at  Charlotte,  a  small  &  ornary  looking  place,  14  m. 

19.  March' d  at  sun  rise.  Roads  bad,  country  not  so  good  as 
we  have  pass'd;  encamp' d  at (name  illegible),  15  m. 

20  December,  '81.  [South  Carolina,  Camden  Dis.]  Troops 
march'd  at  sun  rise,  pass'd  through  a  country  adjoining  Catawba 

river   &  belonging  to  a  (word  illegible)  nation   of  that 

name,  encamp' d  on  Twelve  mile  creek,  10  miles.  Rivers  run  all 
in  this  country  a  westerdly  course. 

21.  Troops  march'd  this  day  at  12  o'clock,  encamped  on 
Waxaws  creek — 6  miles.     Those  creeks  high. 

22nd  December.  Troops  marched  at  sun  rise;  cross 'd  several 
small  creeks ;  encamp'd  near  Maj.  Hartley* — lo  miles. 

23rd.  Troops  march'd  at  sun  rise  through  a  country  cov'd 
with  pine  &  sands,  intermixed  with  Black  Jacks.  This  march- 
we  pass'd  hanging  Rock.  This  road  had  many  marks  of  wilful 
destruction  in  Waggons  &  Military  stores  which  was  made  on 
Gates*  army.     Encamp'd  near  that  Rock — 20  m. 

24  Dec.  Troops  march'd  at  sun  rise;  the  day  excessive  wet 
&  waded  several  creeks.  This  day's  march  as  well  as  yesterday's 
the  country  uninhabited  &  will  ever  remain  so,  I  presume.  En- 
camp'd near  Camden,  16  miles. 

25.  [Camden  Town.]  Troops  lay  still  this  day ;  light  officers 
of  Batt*  dined  with  a  Mr.  Le  Count,  where  we  faired  well  &  spent 
an  agreeable  evening.     This  town  ruin'd  much  by  the  British. 

26th.  [Camden,  Wateree  River.]  Troops  march'd  at  sun  rise 
&  cross'd  the  Wateree  River  ij4  miles  from  town;  this  river  is 
about  Two  Hundred  yards  wide  &  deep  ;  encamp'd  on  the  south 
side. 

27.  Troops  march'd  at  sun  rise  through  a  low  country  cov- 
ered in  many  places  with  swamps  ;  encamp'd  at  Reynolds  Mills, 
8  m. 

28.  Troops  march'd  at  sun  rise  through  a  poor  country  des- 
titute of  Inhabitants,  known  by  the  name  of  Sand  Hills  ;  encamp'd 
on  the  Banks  of  Congeree  River,  23  m. 

29  Dec,  '81.  Troops  march'd  at  8  o'clock,  cross'd  Congeree 
in  excellent  Flats.  This  river  is  300  y**  wide,  one  of  the  han- 
somest  I  ever  see;  encamp'd  on  the  south  side — 4  miles. 

30.  [Orangeburgh  Co.]  Troops  march'd  at  9  o'clock  through 
a  good  country;  encamp'd  at  Adam  Tintly,  12  m. 


16  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL    MAGAZINE. 

31st.  Troops  marched  at  sun  rise;  country  tolerable;  settled 
by  Germans.     Encamped  at  Orangeburgh,  12  m. 

January  ist,  1782.  Troops  march' d  at  sun  rise  through  a 
wilderness;  waded  more  than  twenty  creeks,  some  Three  feet  up; 
encamp'd  in  a  place  amost  surrounded  with  water;  destitute  of 
inhabitants,  20  m. 

2nd.  Troops  marched  at  sunrise;  this  day's  march  through 
fine  body  of  pine  &  sand,  uninhabited;  waded  a  number  of 
creeks  or  rather  Guts  of  water  communicating  from  one  to  another; 
encamp' d  as  yesterday — 15  m. 

3d  Jan'y,  '82.  [Edisto  River.]  Troops  march'd  at  sun  rise 
wet  low  country,  pul"*  through.  Saw  Mills  which  work'd  with  8 
saws  on  one  frames ;  encamp'd  at  Hickory  ridges — 10  m. 

4th.  [Round  O  Set.]  March'd  at  sun  rise.  Joined  the  army 
at  this  post,  3  m.     [Gen.  Greene's  army.] 

5th.  This  day  taken  up  in  cleaning  ourselves  &  arms  after 
Two  month's  constant  march. 

6th.  Cleaning  ourselves  &  writing.  Rode  out  to  see  this 
River  farm. 

7.  A  command  of  100  Men  to  retire  one  now  at  the  lines  (of 
our  line)  Maj.  Hamilton  Command. 

8.  Some  Gentlemen  dined  with  us  in  Camp. 

9th.  Pennsyl'a  Brigade  march'd  at  9  o'clock  to  Jacksons 
Borough,  where  the  Legislature  of  the  State  now  sits;  encamp'd 
on  its  Right,  14. 

10.  Mr.  M^Kinney  &  myself  walk'd  out  to  hunt,  called  at  a 
house  where  liv'd  a  Mr.  Deneson  from  Penn'y.  Din'd  with 
him  &  pass'd  the  afternoon. 

II  Jan'y,  '82.     [Jackson's  Borough.]* 

(The  End.) 


*  Jacksonboroug:h,  at  which  place  the  Diary  ends,  is  a  station  on  the 
Charleston  &  Savannah  Railroad,  about  50  miles  from  the  former  city^ 
The  Legislature  of  South  Carolina  sat  there  in  1782,  but  there  is  noth- 
ing at  the  spot  now  to  indicate  that  it  had  ever  been  the  seat  of  the 
State  Government. 

Wayne  was  detached  by  Greene  and  sent  into  Georgia,  from  which 
State  he  drove  the  British,  rendering  very  important  further  service 
before  the  close  of  the  war.—J.  A.  W. 


LETTERS  OF   WILLIAM    FITZHUGH.  17 


Letters  of  William  Fitzhugh. 

[Col.  William  Fitzhugh,  the  founder  of  the  well  known  Virginia 
family  of  that  name  and  the  author  of  the  letters  which  follow,  was  a 
native  of  England  and  a  son  of  a  member  of  the  English  Bar,  in  which 
profession  Col.  Fitzhugh  himself  was  educated.  Removing  to  Virginia 
about  1670,  he  settled  in  Westmoreland  County,  and  a  few  years  after- 
wards married  a  Miss  Tucker  of  the  same  county.  He  died  in  1701,  in 
his  fifty-first  year,  leaving  a  large  estate,  which  included  many  slaves 
and  about  54,000  acres  of  l<ind.  Col.  Fitzhugh  was  a  lawyer,  planter 
and  merchant.  His  letters  derive  their  chief  value  from  the  light  which 
they  throw  on  the  course  of  trade  between  the  colony  and  the  mother 
country  in  the  latter  part  of  the  seventeenth  century.  The  originals 
are  now  in  the  Library  of  Harvard  College.  Our  print  is  taken  from  an 
accurate  copy  which  was  presented  to  the  Virginia  Historical  Society  by 
a  descendant  of  Col.  Fitzhugh,  and  which  is  still  in  its  possession. 
All  obscurities  of  language  and  punctuation  are  faithfully  retained.] 

May  15th,  1679. 
Hov^rd  Sir: 

The  story  mentioned  in  your  letter,  first  year  of  his  Reign 
did  it  so  happen  to  all  the  Justices,  except  Sir  William  Thorning, 
chief  justice  of  the  common  Bench  and  two  of  the  Kings  Ser- 
geants, Hankford  and  Brinkley,  for  their  detestable  opinions 
given  to  Richard  the  Second,  in  the  twenty  first  year  of  his 
Reign,  in  the  Declaration  of  high  treason  to  the  great  destruc- 
tion and  Disherison  of  many  Lords  &c.  Upon  hearing  of  your 
letter  I  remember  something. of  it  but  my  memory  being  deceit- 
ful and  my  account  not  certain,  I  durst  not  venture  upon  an  in- 
formation, considering  whence  it  was  and  for  fear  of  censure, 
yet  blushed  to  myself  to  let  slip  such  an  easie  Quelre  in  a  Pro- 
fession I  intended  to  get  money  by.  Last  fall  I  received  a  demand 
of  your  Book  which  I  neither  then  was,  nor  now  am  capable  of 
restoreing  because  lost;  but  will  honesdy  satisfie  you  for  them  in 
your  resonable  Demands.  And  to  Demonstrate  my  readiness 
thereinand  that  I  may  be  in  what  Jureable,  gratefuU  have  inclosed 
sent  you  an  account  of  some  old  statutes,  what  time  they  were  made 
and  by  whom,  because  I  remember  once  you  seemed  to  doubt 
thereof  and  were  pleased  also  to  think  (or  tell  me  so)  they  were 
obsolete  and  out  of  use,  which  occasioned  me  to  take  the  more 
especial  notice  in   my  collecting  and   do  find  they  are  most  of 


18  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

them  in  force  at  this  day.  I  intended  to  have  given  you  an  account 
which  of  them  were  introductory  of  new  Laws  and  which  de- 
claritory  of  the  old,  and  which  mixt,  but  doubting  the  length  of 
such  a  particular  account,  would  rather  seem  prolix  than  pleasant, 
therefore  have  referred  it  till  I  know  farther  your  desire  by  your 
especial  commands. 

How  necessary  the  knowledge  thereof  is  I  will  demonstrate  by 
two  Examples,  the  first  is  the  Statute  of  Glo.  Chapter  6,  gives 
treble  damages,  and  the  place  wasted  in  an  action  of  Waste. 
Now  to  know  what  costs  is  to  be  given  in  that  action  you  must 
know  what  the  Law  was  before  the  making  that  Statute  because 
where  any  Statute  doth  give  treble  damages,  where  damages  by  the 
common  Law  were  given,  there  the  cost  also  shall  be  treble,  but 
when  treble  damages  are  given  by  a  Statute  where  no  damages 
were  formerly  recoverable  there  the  damages  shall  only  be  re- 
covered and  no  costs.  And  because  there  were  no  damages 
given  in  the  said  Action  of  Waste  before  the  said  Statute,  there- 
fore only  the  Place  wasted  and  treble  damages  shall  be  recovered 
and  no  costs.  The  Second  is  the  State  of  8  H.  6  of  forcible  Entry 
which  giveth  treble  damages  in  this  case,  treble  damages  and 
treble  costs,  shall  be  recovered  because  they  should  have  recov- 
ered single  damages  at  the  common  Law  before  the  making  that 
Statute.  By  this  you  may  see  what  precipitate  judgment  may  be 
given  upon  any  Statute  without  understanding  the  Common  Law, 
before  the  making  thereof  which  is  the  only  guide  and  which 
is  only  to  be  learned  out  of  Antient  Authors  (for  out  of  the  old 
fields  must  come  the  new  Corn)  contrary  to  opinion  of  the  Gen- 
erality of  our  Judges  and  practisers  of  the  Law  here. 

There  are  several  other  old  statutes  that  I  have  not  given  you 

an  account  of  because  I  am  not  sure  these  will  be  chearfully 

accepted,  being  only  done  for  the  satisfaction  of  your  former 

doubt. 

If  this  pleases  command  more  from 

Sir  your  Wff. 
To  the  Hon^>«  Maj.  Rich*  Lee. 


June  lo,  1679. 
Mr.  William  Sherwood, 

Sir:    The  Report  I  sent  last  between  Barton  and  Merrideth 

happening  in  your  hands  to  discuss  wherein  I  wrote  the  opinion 


LETTERS  OF  WILLIAM   FITZHUGH.  19 

of  Others  on  both  sides  which  needed  not  to  one  so  acquainted 
and  conversant  in  the  Common  and  Municipial  Laws  of  the  Land 
which  I  understand  was  axcepted  and  approved  by  you  more 
than  really  it  deserved,  has  encouraged  me  more  particularly  to 
recommend  this  person  and  his  cause  to  your  conduct.  I  cannot 
report  it  because  never  adjudged,  neither  needs  there  much  Law 
or  argument  because  it  is  so  plain  and  notoriously  known.  I 
have  plainly  set  down  the  case,  lest  he  should  mistake  in  the 
relation. 

You  need  no  Armour  to  fend  off  the  opposites  arguments, 
because  so  weak  they  are  not  able  to  defend  themselves,  and  his 
so  palpably  strong  they  are  not  to  be  undermined  by  any  fallacy. 

His  desire  is  to  be  forthwith  seized  as  according  to  Law  and 
Equity  he  ought,  for  the  greatest  Plea  they  have  is  by  dilatory 
Evasion  to  keep  him  out  this  year,  which  I  presume  will  not  be 
admitted  when  the  Court  shall  be  acquainted  how  long  already 
they  have  continued  trespassers  to  him,  and  how  much  they 
have  damnify* d  him  thereby  he  having  forwarned  them  off 
above  half  a  year  since  the  finishing  the  last  crop,  since  they 
aliedge  that  as  they  have  sown  they  ought  to  reap.  I  must  con- 
fess that  Rule  holds  when  they  are  in  by  a  rightfull  title  and  then 
sow  their  land  and  their  Estate  determined  by  the  Lot  of  God,  but 
not  to  trespassers  Desprisen  &c.  I  could  have  enlarged  more 
upon  this  point  but  relating  farther  to  you  would  be  carrying 
Coals  to  New  Castle. 

I  refer  you  to  the  relation  of  the  person  himself.     I  am 

Sir  your  Wff. 


Sept'  nth,  1679. 
Maj.   Robt.  Beverly, 

Sir:  I  remember  you  were  instancing  to  me  one  point  of 
Law  that  you  could  understand  no  rea^n  for,  why  the  cousin 
should  inherit  before  the  brother  of  the  half  blood,  although 
you  were  satisfy'd  that  the  Law  was  so,  neither  could  you  meet 
with  any  one  that  could  give  you  the  Reason  thereof,  reasons  I 
had  then  in  my  memory  I  acquainted  you  with  though  not  so 
fully  as  you  required  and  I  desired. 

It  is  an  Antient  point  and  therefore  the  reason  must  be  sought 
for  in  Old  Authors,  which  remain  in  their  Original  Languages  to 


20  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

say  French  and  Latin  and  have  purposely  sent  this  to  give  a  Pro- 
fessor in  the  Science  satisfaction  as  also  to  acquaint  you  that  we 
here  esteem  no  more  ours  than  we  are  able  to  give  the  reason  of 
observing  that  old  Rule  Constante  Ratione  legis  constat  ipsa  Lex. 
In  Bracton,  Britton  and  Fleta  you  shall  find  these  words,  no  man 
can  be  heir  to  a  fee  simple  by  the  Common  Law,  but  he  that  hath 
sanguinem  duplicatem  the  whole  blood,  both  of  the  father  and 
of  the  mother  so  as  .the  half  blood  is  no  blood  inheritable  by 
descent,  because  he  that  is  but  of  the  half  blood  cannot  be  a 
compleat  heir  for  that  he  hath  not  the  whole  and  complete  blood, 
and  the  Law  in  Descents  in  fee  simple  does  respect  that  which  is 
compleat  and  perfect.  Also  these  foresaid  Authors  give  these  rea- 
sons for  the  Law  in  this  point,  first  every  one  that  is  heir  to 
another  aut  est  hae^es  sine  proprietatis  aut  jure  representationis, 
as  where  the  eldest  son  dieth  in  the  life  of  his  father  his  issue 
shall  inherit  before  the  younger  son,  for  although  that  the  young- 
est son  is  magis  propinquus  yet  jure  representation  is,  the  issue 
of  the  eldest  son  shall  inherit  for  he  doth  represent  the  person  of 
his  father.  And  it  is  great  reason  that  he  who  hath  full  and 
whole  blood  should  inherit  before  him  that  hath  but  a  part  of  the 
blood  of  his  Ancestor  for  Ordine  naturae  totam  praefertur  vin- 
cining  parti.  Secondly,  as  none  can  be  begotten  but  of  a  father 
and  a  mother,  and  he  must  have  in  him  two  bloods. 

Blood  of  the  father  and  the  blood  of  the  mother,  these  bloods 
commixed  in  him  by  lawfull  marriage  constitute  and  make  him 
heir  so  that  none  can  be  heir  to  any  if  he  hath  not  in  him  both 
the  bloods  of  him  to  whom  he  will  make  himself  heir  and  there- 
fore the  heir  of  the  half  blood  cannot  inherit  because  he  wanteth 
one  of  the  bloods  which  should  make  him  inheritable  for  parte 
guaring  integrante  sublata  tolliten  totum  as  in  this  case  the 
blood  of  the  father  and  the  mother  are  one  inheritable  blood  and 
both  are  necessary  to  the  preservation  of  an  heir  and  therefore 
deficiente  uno  non  potest  esses  haeres.  Thirdly  for  avoiding  of 
confusion  for  if  as  well  the  half  blood  as  the  whole  blood  shall 
be  equally  inheritable,  then  in  many  cases  confusion  and  uncer- 
tainty will  follow  who  shall  be  the  next  heir.  I  could  in  my 
third  reason  have  instanced  many  Examples  but  that  I  think  it 
needless  because  they  will  appear  of  themselves.  Thus  Sir  for 
your  satisfaction  and  in  honor  to  the  noble   Profession  I  have 


LETTERS   OF   WILLIAM   FITZHUGH.  21 

(I  think)  given  you  an  account  that  the  Law  appoints  nothing 
but  what  is  grounded  upon  very  great  reason,  although  perhaps 
without  farther  Search  it  may  not  immediately  correspond  with 
every  man's  reason;  if  this  be  not  satisfactory,  please  to  give  me 
notice,  and  I  will  very  much  enlarge  upon  these  reasons  and 
illustrate  them  by  Examples. '    I  am 

Sir  your  Wff. 


Sept.  6th,  1679. 
Maj.  Robt.  Beverly, 

Sir:     In  my  former  by  my  brother  George  Brent,  I  endeav- 
oured your  private  satisfaction.     This  I  have  recommended  at  my 
client's  request  to  the  Retainer,  I  advised  him  to.     The  case  is 
plain  and  easie.     Thompson  sues  Owzley  upon  a  bond  of  4,000 
lbs.  of  Tob"*  conditional  to  pay  a  Servant  at  such  a  time,  the  condi- 
tion not  being  performed,  he  recovers  judgment  upon  his  bond 
after   which  judgment  the   Defendant  craves  an  Injunction   in 
Chancery  to  whose  bill  (I  being  retained)  Demurred  and  pleaded 
these  Precedents  and    Reasons.      I  have   here  inclosed  for  my 
Demurrer  which  after  some  argum*"  the  Court  allowed  of  and 
accordingly  enter  judgment  for  us,  grounding  their  judgment 
upon  the  former  quotations  from  which  judgment  the  Attorneys  of 
Owzley  appeals.     I   have  given  the  lull   quotations  though  not 
the   precedents  there  inserted,  but  enough  I  think  to  give  the 
Court  satisfaction.     I  have  also  taken  the  most  material  Reasons 
out  of  the  afore  recited  Authors  why  Injunctions  are  not  to  be 
granted  after  judgments  at  the  Common  Law  obtained  which  I 
presume  will   be  sufficient  and  satisfactory.     And  have  farther 
instanced  that  one  of  the  articles  exhibited   against  that  great 
Prelate  Wookey  was  for  such  illegal  Proceedings,  which  I  hope 
none  of  our  Courts  in   Virginia  will   be  guilty  of  for  fear  of  the 
punishment  which  is  prae  munire  as  appears  by  the  Statute  I 
have  likewise  quoted  to  you.     I  have  farther  to  urge   that  as 
servants  are  our  way. together  with  the  Cheapness  of  Tob"  and  the 
long  time  lapsed  before  suit  for  it,  after  it  became  due,  4000  lbs. 
Tob*  is  but  a  reasonable  rate,  he  having  paid   his   Tob°  for  it 
almost  two  years  ago.     This  I  have  only  intimated  not  doubting 


22  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

the  failure  of  so  clear  law.  Sir,  because  I  advised  him  to  you 
therefore  for  my  Credit  and  his  Interest  your  careful  manage- 
ment of  this  cause  is  desired  by 

Sir  your  Wff. 


April  7th,  1679. 
Mr.  Thomas  Clayton, 

Sir:  I  have  sent  you  the  Report  of  one  cause  of  Action 
twice  presented  in  our  Court,  I  being  both  times  retained  by  the 
Defendant.  First,  before  the  Court  themselves  as  triers  of  the 
fact  and  Dispensors  of  the  Law  arising  from  that  fact  which 
found  for  the  Defendant  and  Plaintiff,  was  non  suite ;  Secondly, 
upon  renewing  the  Suit  again,  the  Plaintiff  prays  a  Jury  may  be 
impannelled  to  enquire  into  the  fact,  who  were  accordingly  sum- 
moned and  sworn,  who  find  for  the  defendant. 

Upon  which  verdict  the  Court  gave  judgment  against  the 
Plaintiff  for  ex  facto  jus  oritur,  from  which  judgment  the  Plain- 
tiff appeals.  Now,  Sir,  I  apprehend  by  the  Law  of  England 
that  when  a  jury  who  are  sworn,  tryers  of  the  fact  have  found  it  the 
fact  in  that  case  is  no  more  to  be  enquired  into  without  attainting 
the  Jury, by  reason  Jurys  are  so  strongly  bound, both  by  there  oath 
administered  to  them  upon  the  tryal,  as  also  for  fear  of  attainder, 
the  judgment  of  attainder  being  so  severe  and  dreadfull  by  the 
Common  Law.  Quod  committantur  quotae  Domini  Regis,  et 
quod  omnia  terrae  et  tenementa  capiantur  in  manum  Domini 
Regis  et  deratentur  et  extirpentur  et  uxores  et  liberi  eorum 
Ammoventur  et  omnia  bona  et  catulla  foris  faciunt  Domino 
Regi  et  amado  amittunt  liberum  legem  in  perpetuum. 

My  Lord  Cooke,  in  the  the  first  part  of  his  Institutes,  folio 
294,  says  that  this  judgment  imports  eight  great  and  generall  pun- 
ishments, and  in  the  third  Institutes  divides  into  five  parts  as 
folio  222  (see  Kelways  Reports  fo  83,  Second  Institutes  fo:  130 
and  237, 238  &c.)  in  the  first  recited  place  gives  the  reason  of  said 
judgment,  because  all  actions  depend  upon  the  oath  of  twelve  men; 
prudent  antiquity  instituted  so  severe  a  punishment,  but  since  the 
Statute  of  23  H.  8,  Chapter  3  hath  something  mitigated  the 
punishment  (See  the  Statute  well  expounded  in  Dyer)  fo  81,. 


LETTERS   OF  WILLIAM   FITZHUGH.  23 

and  Cooke's  Reports  Lib  3,  fo.  4  and  Lib  10  fo.  119  yet  not 
made  it  so  slight  as  that  another  Jury  shall  go  out  upon  the 
same  matter  of  fact  and  bring  in  a  contrary  verdict,  which  is 
both  against  Magna  Carta  and  the  fundamental!  laws  of  England ; 
by  which  Law  we  are  ought  to  be  governed,  to  condemn  men 
unheard ;  how  dangerous  a  thing  it  is  to  change  an  antient  maxim 
of  the  Law,  (See  the  second  part  Cooke's  Institutes  fo.  97  and 
98),  for  as  Cicero  saith,  major  haereditas  venit  unicing  rostram 
a  jure  et  legibus,  quam  a  parentibus,  and  as  my  Lord  Cooke 
saith  in  his  commentary  upon  Magna  Carta  fo.  56,  the  Law  is 
the  surest  sanctuary  that  a  man  can  take  and  the  strongest  fort- 
ress to  protect  the  weakest  of  all.  But  where  is  this  Sanctuary 
and  fortress  if  the  Law  shall  be  so  wrested  and  contradictory 
verdicts  so  taken  whereby  innocent  and  honest  men  unheard  and 
unseen  shall  be  liable  to  Infamy  and  beggary  ;  Infamy  by  being 
guilty  of  Perjury,  and  beggary  if  a  legal  scrutiny  shall  be  made 
therein. 

And  besides  by  the  law  of  England  all  Jurys  ought  to  be  of 
the  Neighborhood  and  in  this  Country;  I  think  the  Constitution 
may  very  well  permit  it  in  the  same  County,  for  the  Rule  is  Vicini, 
Vicinora,  facta  presumtur  Scire.  This  I  have  written  with  as 
much  brevity  as  I  could,  because  I  am  informed  they  generally 
so  proceed  at  James  Town;  it  rather  requires  a  small  treatiss 
than  a  letter  to  discourse  thoroughly  upon  it,  but  refer  you  to 
the  quotations  where  you  may  see  it  learnedly  discussed  and 
hope  there  may  be  no  occasion  of  urging  it,  for  I  take  an  appeal 
to  be  the  removing  the  matter  in  Law  before  a  higher  Court  and 
better  Judges,  for  the  words  of  the  appeal  be  from  the  judgment 
of  the  Court  and  not  from  the  verdict  of  a  Jury  that  is  the 
Judges  are  mistaken  in  point  of  Law  in  giving  their  Judgment, 
which  may  be  easily  collected  from  the  words.  Thus  Sir  I  have 
adventured  though  unknown  to  recommend  my  Client  and  his 
cause  which  I  have  truly  reported  as  it  was  argued  here  and 
hinted  what  inconveniences  will  follow  if  verdicts  which  are  dic- 
tum veritatis  should  be  destroyed  without  proceeding  According 
to  Law  by  Attaint  which  is  the  particular  remedy  given  by  the 
Law  which  point  as  I  before  intimated  requires  rather  a  small 
treatise  than  a  letter  fully  to  discourse  upon.     I  am 

Your  Wff. 
To  Mr.  Thos.  Clayton. 


24  VIRGINIA  HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

April  7th,  1679. 
Worthy  Sir: 

Once  more  at  the  instance  of  Bur  Harrison,  I  take  oppor- 
tunity to  write  to  you.  I  think  the  poor  man  is  very  much 
troubled  in  the  delay  of  his  business,  for  if  Matthews  had  any 
title  to  land,  by  the  Law  he  ought  to  have  commenced  suit  and 
had  a  legal  tryal,  for  by  Magna  Carta,  Chapter  29,  and  Cooke's 
Commentary's  thereon,  fo.  46,  47,  No  man  shall  be  disseised  of 
his  Lands  or  tenements  or  disposs'd  of  his  goods  without  Action 
or  Answer  contrary  to  the  Law  of  the  Land.  But  here  Harrison 
is  kept  out  of  his  Right  that  is  Thomas  Barton's  plantation 
w^*"  he  hath  sufficiently  made  appear  to  be  his  without  either 
Action  or  Answer  contrary  to  the  Law  of  the  Land,  only  under 
the  cover  of  a  pretended  title  Matthews  lays  to  it,  which  if  it 
were  true,  has  no  relation  to  that  controversie  of  Thomas  Bar- 
ton, because  Barton  was  possess' d  by  and  held  under  Harrison 
feofee  and  not  by  any  title  or  claim  from  the  said  Matthews,  and 
consequently  is  a  trespasser  to  the  said  Harrison.  But  far  as 
I  can  understand,  Matthews  has  hardly  the  shadow  of  a  title 
for  he  grounds  it  upon  a  graq^t  from  the  Council  when  himself 
was  Governor,  in  1657,  ^"^  their  Pattents  bears  date  and  were 
confirmed  in  1654;  what  a  pretense  that  is,  the  meanest  capacity 
is  able  to  apprehend.  A  Grant  without  a  Patent  obtained  three 
years  after  a  Patent  solemnly  signed,  sealed  and  confirmed. 

Sir  I  trust  to  your  care  in  that  concern  of  mine  and  three 
others  partners  and  hope  to  hear  something  of  it  by  this  oppor- 
tunity.    I  am 

Your  Wff. 
To  Mr.  William  Sherwood. 


Sept.  9th,  1679. 
Honored  Sir  : 

I  am  informed  by  Burr  Harrison  that  you  tax  me  of  rash- 
ness in  councilling  him,  p'haps  it  might  so  seem  to  you  for  want 
of  a  thorough  information  of  his  just  Right  and  a  false  informa- 
tion of  a  feigned  Right,  the  first  pretension  of  a  title  to  the 
Land  in  Controversie  was  by  old  Capt.  Brent,  who  upon  his 


LETTERS   OF   WILLIAM   FITZHUGH.  25 

preteaded  Right  settled  several  Tennants  to  say  Burr  Harrison, 
Thomas  Barton  and  one  Bennet,  whose  widow  this  woman  is, 
that  makes  such  an  exclamation  about  the  house  puU'd  down. 

Afterwards  Coll"  Washington  as  guardm  to  Gerrard  Broad- 
hurst  sues  and  tries  title  about  this  Land  in  Stafford  County  and 
recovers  and  the  said  tennants  all  turned  to  him  and  became 
his  tennants  as  guardian  aforesaid.  After  the  tennants  sue  Giles 
Brent  as  son  and  heir  of  his  father,  deceased,  for  their  said 
Eviction  and  trouble  recovers  ag"  him.  Afterwards  Burr  Harri- 
son buys  the  Land  of  Gerrard  Broadharst  being  of  age  so  that 
by  this  it  may  appear  that  Gerrard  Broadhurst  had  a  Title  by 
Pattent,  Possession  and  the  Judgment  of  Stafford  County  Court, 
and  consequently  Burr  Harrison  is  in  Possession  and  the  Rule  is 
I  equali  jure  melior  est  conditis  possidentis.  And  by  Magna 
Carta,  Nulli  vendemus,  nulli  negabimus  nulli  deferremus  gustitiam 
aut  reelum  and  my  Lord  Cookes  Commentarys  thereupon  fo:  46, 
47  whose  words  are  these:  No  man  shall  be  disseised  of  his  Lands 
or  Tenements  or  dispossessed  of  his  goods  or  chattels  without 
Action  or  Answer  or  contrary  to  the  Laws  of  the  Land.  But 
here  Harrison  is  kept  out  of  his  Right  that  is  Barton's  Plantations 
which  he  hath  sufficiently  made  appear  to  be  his  without  either 
Action  or  Answer  and  then  contrary  and  only  under  the  colour 
of  a  pretended  title  Matthews  lays  to  it  which  if  it  were,  yet  Bar- 
ton is  a  trespasser  to  Harrison  because  Barton  was  possessed  and 
held  under  Harrison's  feofee  And  not  by  any  title  or  claim  from 
the  said  Matthews.  But  as  far  as  I  am  informed  Matthews  has 
hardley  the  shadow  of  a  title,  for  he  grounds  upon  a  grant  from 
the  Council  when  himself  was  Governour  in  1657,  and  the  Pattent 
Harrison  holds  by  bears  date  and  was  confirmed  in  1654. 

Now  in  my  apprehension  a  Grant  without  a  Pattent  obtained 
three  years  after  a  Pattent  solemnly  signed,  sealed  and  con- 
firmed, cannot  be  very  efi^cacious  in  destroying  a  title  granted  by 
that  Pattent.  Thus  Sir  I  have  run  over  the  heads  of  the  whole 
business  that  I  might  make  it  perspicuous  that  my  counsel  in 
advising  them  to  pull  down  the  house  after  lawfull  warning 
given  them  to  depart  was  not  rash  and  inconsiderate,  but 
grounded  upon  good  reason  and  Authority  in  Law.  For  more 
than  all  I  have  before  informed  you  this  widow  Bennet  after 
Harrison  Purchase  did   not  only  atturne  and  acknowledge  her 


26  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL  MAGAZINE. 

new  Land  Lord,  but  delivered  up  her  lease  unto  his  hands  and 
after  she  and  a  freeman  that  lives  with  her  took  the  Plantation 
from  time  till  the  fall  for  the  Rent  of  one  hh**  of  Tob^  At  the 
expiration  of  which  time  Harrison  gives  them  two  months 
notice  to  provide  for  themselves  and  before  witnesses  several 
times  forewarned  them  off,  but  their  answer  was  they  would 
neither  go  off  nor  pay  the  Rent.  Then  and  not  before  I  advised 
him  to  pull  down  the  house,  having  found  a  Paralel  case  ad- 
judged in  termino  Hilarri,  34  Eliza  inter  Wigford  and  Gill  in 
Banes  Reginae  Cooke  Eliza  fo.  269,  when  the  same  thing  was 
done,  and  after  both  Arguments  at  the  Bar  and  solemn  Argu- 
ments at  .the  Bench  allowed  of  and  justified.  The  mans  impor- 
tunity and  my  own  vindication  has  drawn  the  letters  to  this 
prolixity,  yet  I  hope  your  Honour  considering  the  occasion,  will 
pardon  it  in 


To  the  Hony 

Nic*  Spencer,  Esq.,  Secretary. 


Hon^  Sir  Y'  Wff 


Nov.  2nd,  1680. 
HorC  d  Sir: 

Thos.  Dutton  was  reccommended  to  me  by  the  Hon"'  Ralph 
Wormley  Esq'  to  manage  his  business  about  Prescotis  lands. 
Upon  view  and  examination  of  all  his  papers,  I  find  him  to  have 
no  longer  an  Estate  than  for  life  in  those  lands  if  the  Will  made 
by  Prescott  in  new  London  were  here  authentickly  proved.  Yet 
upon  a  farther  consideration  waving  all  thoughts  of  any  real 
interest  of  any  Estate  of  Inheritance  in  the  lands  I  considered  the 
Equitable  Right  of  the  Escheat  to  appertain  to  him  and  consider- 
ing also  you  are  pleas' d  to  grant  an  Escheat  to  those  who  in 
Equity  had  the  most  seeming  right.  I  was  intended  to  have 
waited  upon  your  Hon''  with  Thomas  Dutton  so  soon  as  I  should 
have  an  account  of  your  safe  and  desired  arrival  to  communicate 
this  to  you  and  sollicite  your  Honour  in  the  poor  man's  behalf. 
While  these  thoughts  and  intentions  were  thus  in  my  mind, 
Thomas  Dutton  brings  me  a  letter  he  received  from  your  Hon*" 
considering  his  equitable  Right  wherein  you  appear  not  only 
willing  to  grant  the  Escheat  upon  his  Petition  but  are  pleased  to 
offer  him  the  Escheat  and  direct  him  to  petition  and  compound 


LETTERS   OF  WILLIAM    FITZHUGH.  27 

for  the  same.  Immediately  upon  view  of  this  your  Honours 
charitable  offer  I  directed  him  to  go  to  his  Tenant  in  whose 
behalf  he  now  busies  himself  and  for  whose  interest  he  now  begs 
the  benefit  of  Escheat,  that  he  may  now  confirm  what  he  before 
so  foolishly  sold  to  them,  and  they  as  simply  bought  of  him,  to 
see  what  they  would  do  in  his  behalf.  Some  of  them  agreed  to 
stand  by  him  and  assist  him  in  the  payment  of  the  composition 
money  and  Escheat  fees:  but  being  yesterday  at  M'  Bridges  and 
understanding  by  Coir  Allerton  his  majesties  Escheater  that 
your  Honour  would  not  be  paid  in  Parcels  but  would  have  it 
in  one  entire  sum. 

I  discoursed  some  of  the  Tennants  who  with  Thomas  Dutton 
intreated  me  to  become  security  or  paymaster  for  the  whole  to 
say  for  that  six  hundred  acres. 

I  was  willing  upon  their  request  and  counter  security,  which 
they  then  promised  me,  to  engage  to  you  for  the  payment  of  the 
whole  if  you  will  accept  of  my  Security.  Capt.  Lord,  M'  Bridges 
and  the  rest  of  the  petitioners  seem  pleased  to  tax  me  of  self 
Interest  upon  these  my  offers;  to  acquit  myself  that  I  will  ac- 
quaint your  Honour  how  I  direct  him  in  his  Proceedings.  Those 
tennants  that  are  willing  to  pay  their  proportionable  rate  of  this 
Escheat,  according  to  the  quantity  of  land  they  hold,  shall  enjoy 
their  former  Purchase  and  for  this  new  imbursement  will  have 
their  Estate  ascertained  and  enlarged  which  will  be  more  to  them 
than  the  money  they'll  be  out  about  it,  those  that  are  willing  to  re- 
imburse any  more  I  will  take  care  with  Dutton  ;  they  shall  not  be 
turned  off  there  Land  Loosers,  but  shall  have  reasonable  satis- 
faction. If  I  had  any  self  Interest  (which  Til  assure  your  Hon- 
our I  have  none)  it  must  be  esteemed  very  modest  when  the  sole 
business  that  I  aim  at  [in  Duttons  behalf]  is  the  continuing  of 
former  purchasers,  the  reimbursing  those  that  are  willing  to 
continure  and  keeping  Dutton  from  endless  litigous  and  expen- 
sive Suits  which  must  inevetably  fall  upon  him  if  the  Escheat  be 
elsewhere  granted  and  the  Tennants  be  either  turned  off  or  put 
to  new  Purchases. 

Sir  Your  Wff 

To  the  Honb^ 

Nic"  Spencer,  Esq.,  Secretary. 


28  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

April  7th,  1680. 

Sir:  That  I  may  correspond  with  your  desires  and  mine 
own  inclination,  have  by  this  opportunity  sent  you  an  account 
that  I  have  received  of  yo*^  Letter  and  shall  do  my  utmost  en- 
deavour to  the  full  accomplishment  of  your  Deserts  and  desires 
therein.  When  I  was  on  board  you  may  remember  I  entreated 
you  to  take  me  twenty  h**'  freight  certain  and  thirty  uncertain, 
you  told  me  I  need  not  because  you  would  secure  it  me  upon 
which  I  rely.  As  I  don't  question  your  care  and  endeavour  in  the 
disposal  of  my  Tob**,  so  I  doubt  not  you'll  endeavour  to  furnish 
me  with  those  necessary  things  I  sent  for  by  you  as  also  give  me 
an  account  of  them  by  the  first  opportunity  and  how  all  affairs 
stand  in  England  which  I  shall  assuredly  expect  from  you  as  you 
may  do  the  station  of  all  affairs  in  this  country  from  me  by  all 
opportunitys.  I  have  omitted  one  thing  in  my  particulars, 
which  I  desired  you  to  buy  for  me  that  is  a  Riding  Camblet 
Coat,  if  my  money  holds  out  buy  it,  if  not  use  your  Dis- 
cretion. In  my  note  of  Particulars  I  did  not  forget  it,  only 
omitted  for  fear  of  over  charging  my  acco'  and  your  trouble. 
A  prosperous  voyage,  a  lucky  market  and  a  happy  Return  is 

wished  by 

Sir  Y^  Wflf. 
To  Capt.  Fra'  Partis, 

At  the  Hermitage,  near  East  Smithfield,  London. 


June  nth,  1680. 

Sir :  I  promised  you  by  all  conveniencys  to  give  you  an  ac- 
count of  the  aflfairs  of  the  Countrey,  to  comply  therewith  I  have 
taken  this  opportunity. 

I  am  not  able  to  inform  you  of  any  new  matter,  but  only  to 
tell  you  that  we  are  at  present  very  quiet  from  our  Indian 
Enemies.  I  believe  no  great  crops  will  be  this  year  made,  by 
reason  of  our  great  drought, not  having  had  one  good  shower  since 
your  departure  which  is  now  almost  a  month,  so  that  everything 
is  kept  upder  thereby.  I  have  drawn  bills  of  Exchange  on  you 
for  ;^7,  13,  4,  payable  to  M"^  William  Law,  of  London  Merchant; 


LETTERS   OF  WILLIAM    FITZHUGH.  29 

if  those  bills  comes  to  your  hands  please  to  give  them  due  ac- 
ceptance, for  I  had  rather  that  part  of  my  Reticulars  that  I  sent 
for  by  you  were  let  alone  than  the  Discredit  of  the  Protest  of 
those  Bills  which  by  no  means  let  be  protested.  I  am  now  a 
greaX  distance  from  home  and  cannot  be  so  large  as  I  would, 
but  shall  refer  you  to  my  next  Letter  by  some  of  our  own  ships 
for  a  more  ample  information. 

I  am  Sir  Your  Wff. 
To  Capt  Fra*  Partis,  at  &c. 


June  nth,  1680. 

Sir:  By  my  former  I  gave  you  what  account  I  could  how 
affairs  stood  then,  there's  little  alteration  has  since  happened.  I 
have  not  now  the  copy  by  me,  being  above  one  hundred  miles 
from  home,  but  take  this  opportunity  to  give  you  an  account 
that  I  advised  by  my  last  that  I  drew  bills  of  Exchange  for  jQy^ 
13,  4,  which  I  did  thein  and  do  now  desire  you  to  accept  and 
make  punctual  payment. 

I  did  then  also  request  you  to  let  alone  sending  me  some  of 
my  goods  rather  than  refuse  the  payment  of  those  bills,  but  now 
I  desire  you  to  send  or  bring  in  every  particular  I  have  sent 
for.  because  I  have  here  inclosed  sent  two  bills  of  Exchange,  one 
for  jQ2o  Sterling,  the  other  for  j£^,  I  have  also  inclosed  sent 
two  bills  of  Exchange,  one  for  ;^20  Sterling  the  other  for  £^,  I 
have  also  inclosed  sent  you  a  letter  of  Advice  to  be  delivered 
with  that  bill  of  ;^2o  to  Sir  Robert  Peyton,  upon  sight  of  which 
I  believe  there's  little  doubt  of  receiving  the  money.  I  hope  I 
shall  have  occasion  to  transmit  near  100  £  sterling  next  ship- 
ping, therefore  please  to  give  me  an  account  truly  of  your  inten- 
sions, whether  you  intend  for  Virginia  next  year  or  to  stay  there 
that  I  may  accordingly  order  my  affairs. 

I  expect  to  hear  from  you  by  all  conveniences,  wherein  I  hope 
I  may  have  a  particular  relation  of  my  own  affairs  and  a  general 
account  of  the  proceedings  there.     This  is  the  needfuU  from 

Your  Wff. 
To  Capt.  Fra'  Partis,  at  &c. 


30  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Sir:  The  above  is  copy  of  my  former  June  nth,  1680.  I 
have  no  new  matter  to  add  only  I  would  have  you  be  very  care- 
ful of  my  flax,  hemp  and  hayseed,  two  bushels  of  each  of  which 
I  have  sent  for  because  we  have  now  resolved  a  cessation  of 
makinj^  Tob*'  next  year.  We  are  also  goings  to  make  Towns,  if 
you  can  meet  with  any  tradesmen  that  will  come  in  and  live 'at 
the  Town,  they  may  have  large  privileges  and  immunitys.  I 
would  have  you  to  bring  me  in  a  good  Housewife.  I  do  not 
intend  or  mean  to  be  brought  in  as  the  ordinary  servants  are, but 
to  pay  her  passage]  and  agree  to  give  her  fifty  shillings  or  three 
pound  a  year  during  the  space  of  five  years,  upon  which  terms 
I  suppose  good  Servants  may  be  had,  because  they  have  their 
passage  clear  and  as  much  wages  as  they  can  have  there.  I  would 
have  a  good  one  or  none:  I  look  upon  the  generality  of  wenches 
you  usually  bring  in  not  worth  the  keeping.  I  expect  to  hear 
from  you  by  all  conveniences  for  I  assure  you  I  let  slip  none 
to  tell  you,  I  am  &c.  I  would  have  you  bring  me  two  large 
Paper  books,  one  to  contain  about  fourteen  or  fifteen  Quire  of 
Paper  the  other  about  ten  Quire  and  one  other  small  one. 

July  ist,  1680, 
Ps  Capt.  Fowler. 
To  Capt  Fra"  Partis,  At  &c. 


Dec.  4th,  1680. 

Sir:  Both  yours  I  have  received  by  Capt.  Paine  am  glad  of 
yours,  sorry  you  came  to  no  better  market.  I  hope  this  year 
Tob*  will  rise  by  reason  there's  but  small  crops  made  throughout 
this  country  and  Maryland  too.  I  have  got  ready  the  Tob**  I 
owe  you  which  when  your  brother  comes  or  any  one  by  your 
order  may  receive;  we  now  look  out  every  day  for  Ws  arrival 
by  whom  I  intend  to  ship  thirty  or  fourty  hh^,  crops  are  so  small 
and  debts  comes  in  so  badly  that  I  cannot  send  so  much  as  I 
thought  by  twenty  hh**",  but  what  I  do  send  is  pretty  good. 
What  friends  I  can  advise  shall  assuredly  secure  you.  Mr.  Scar- 
let has  promised  me  to  consign  you  twenty  hh**'  and  I  believe 
shall  get  you  some  more  this  year. 

Sr.  I  kindly  observe  two  passages  in  your  letter,  one  is  that 
if  I  have  occasion  for  fourty  of  fifty  pound  sterling  you  will  pay  it 


LETTERS   OF   WILLIAM    FITZHUGH.  31 

though  you  have  none  of  my  effects  in  your  hands,  the  other 
that  you  paid  my  last  bill  of  £;],  13, 4,  at  sight.  The  one  gives  me 
credit,  the  other  honour  for  both  which  I  thank  you.  I  under- 
stand by  the  said' letter  that  yoii  have  sent  me  all  I  sent  for  which 
you  inform  me  come  to  something  more  than  you  have  in  your 
hands,  yet  being  encouraged  by  your  letter  and  assured  of  money 
that  I  shall  remit  home  if  my  Tob°  should  either  miscarry  or 
come  to  a  bad  market,  for  I  shall  certainly  remit  home  a  hundred 
pounds  Sterling  certain  if  not  more  from  good  hands  and  sure 
paymasters.  I  have  ventured  on  a  bargain  of  29  £^  Sterling  for 
two  negroes  of  Mr.  Vincent  Goddard  for  which  I  have  drawn 
bills  of  Exchange  upon  you,  which  please  give  due  exceptance. 
I  know  not  yet  what  to  enlarge,  by  the  first  opportunity  after 
your  brother's  arrival  shall  give  you  a  larger  account,  and  there- 
fore at  present  shall  only  tell  you  that  I  shall  always  continue 

Sir  Your  Wff. 
To  Capt.  Frances  Partis. 


February  ist,  1680. 
Honoured  Sir: 

Yours  I  received,  together  with   one  from  the  Hon"*  Mr. 

Secretary,  and  another  from  Coll**  AUerton,  who  acquaints  me 

the  14th  february  is  the  day  he  hath  appointed  a  Jury  to  meet 

for  the  finding  an  office  for  your  Grant.     At  which  time  or  before 

(\{  sickness,  &c.  doth  not  prevent)  I  shall  wait  upon  you  to 

tender  you  the  utmost  of  my  Service  in  that  affair  and  anything 

else  you  shall  please  farther  to  command  me;  shall  endeavour 

in  the  meantime  thoroughly  to  understand  the  Case  and  learn 

how  the  Law    directs,  that  is  whether  it  be  a  will  considering 

the  meanness  of  the  Stile  and  immethodicall  penning  thereof 

when  the  party  speaking  (or  which  ought  to  speak)  was  a  person 

of  such  known  abilitys;  if  the  discovery  of  the  fraud  fails  in  the 

consideration  of  the  Stile,  then  he  that  was  known  so  good  a 

master  of  his  pen  Should  in  the  last  act  of  his  life  affix  his  mark* 

is  almost  irrationall  to  imagine.     Secondly,  if  it  be  a  will,  whether 

it  be  good  in  whole  or  in  part,  that  it  is  not  good  in  the  whole 

the  first  Argument  makes   manifest  by  affixing  his  mark  &c. 


32  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Thirdly,  if  it  be  good  in  part,  in  which  part.  That  it  cannot  be 
good  in  that  part  that  concerns  the  Land,  this  late  Statute  hath 
provided,  for  the  title  of  the  Statute  is  to  prevent  frauds  and 
perjury,  the  preamble  or  Key  of 'the  Statute  persues  the  same, 
then  the  body  of  the  act  declares  the  manner  how  this  shall  be 
avoided  when  such  considerable  bequests  as  Lands  and  tene- 
ments, that  is  by  three  or  four  witnesses  at  the  least,  but  here  is  but 
two,  then  for  this  part  void  and  all  thoughts  of  Equity  banished 
by  reason  of  the  probable  presumption  of  fraud  in  the  whole,  but 
more  especially  in  this  part.  Fourthly  and  Lastly,  Admit  that 
it  were  a  will  good  in  all  its  parts  and  fully  supply' d  with  all  the 
ceremonies  that  the  Law  requires  whether  his  lands  and  Tene- 
ments should  pass  by  these  words  real  and  personal  Estate  ad- 
mits I  think  a  considerable  Dispute.  These  S^  are  the  heads  of 
the  argument  that  I  at  present  apprehend  are  to  be  managed  in 
your  just  cause  and  which  I  shall  take  pains  to  my  ability  to 
inform  myself  in,  whereby  I  hope  I  may  assure  you.     I  am 

Sir  Y^  Wff. 
To  The  Hon^'"  Ralph  Wormley. 


March  30,  1681. 
Mr.  Stephen  Watts, 

Sr:  By  the  Bristol  men  that  have  used  our  parts  I  have 
heard  of  you  but  by  M'  Richard  Gotley  this  year  dealing  in 
these  parts  I  have  more  particular  account  of  your  honest  and 
faithfull  dealings  which  induced  me  at  this  time  to  consign  you 
eight  hh***  of  Tob°,  an  Invoice  whereof  I  have  inclosed  sent  you 
this  only  as  an  invitation  to  correspondence,  if  the  market  gives 
encouragement  I  shall  consign  you  more  next  year  and  a  greater 
quantity.  The  commodity  is  grown  Slow  here  and  in  England 
too  that  I  am  affraid  the  present  necessity  of  my  affairs  forcing 
me  to  send  home  with  my  Tob**  bills  of  Exchange  for  ;^I2, 10,00 
of  their  acceptance.  Therefore  S""  I  shall  only  desire  you  to 
proceed  in  this  method  for  me  if  my  Tob"  meets  a  good  market, 
make  ready  acceptance  of  the  Bills  and  send  me  the  remainder 
in  such  things  as  I  shall  after  mention,  but  if  my  Tob"*  should  not 
clear  the  money  drawn  for,  please  to  pay  as  much  of  them  as 
you  shall  have  in  your  hands  and  let  the  remainder  be  only  pro- 


LETTERS   OF  WILLIAM   FITZHUGH.  33 

tested.     You  are  much  a  Stranger  to  me  but  I  much  more  to 

you  therefore  dare  not  make  an  overture  of  paying  more  money 

than  you  have  effects,  nor  of  sending  me  any  without  I  had  of 

mine  own  with  you  to  pay  the  things. 

I  want  a  pair  of  cart  wheels,  horse  harness  for  three  horses,  a 

pack  saddle  and  two  dozen  shoes.     I  shall  enlarge  by  the  latter 

Ships. 

I  am  Sir  Yr  Wff. 


April  4th,  1681. 
Mr  John  Cooper. 

Sir:  By  the  Recommends  of  Capt.  Norrington  and  some 
little  Knowledge  I  have  of  your  honest  and  fair  dealings,  by  In- 
spection into  some  Returns  of  sales  of  Tob**  and  purchase  of 
goods  has  occasioned  this  letter  wherein  you'll  find  the  Invoice  of 
eight  hh***  of  Oronoko  Tob**  and  bill  of  Loading  for  the  same  con- 
signed to  your  Self  which  I  hope  youMl  help  to  the  best  market. 
The  inclosed  Bills  of  Exchange  I  desire  you  to  present  and 
receive  by  the  latter  Ships  Shall  enlarge  and  give  further  Direc- 
tion and  perhaps  consign  you  more  Tob*^  and  send  you  some 

more  bills. 

I  am  Sir  Your  Wff. 


May  2ist,  1681. 
HorC  d  Sir: 

I  intended  to  wait  upon  you  as  I  came  from  Town  to  give 
you  an  account  of  Coll**  Griffins  &c.  proceedings  about  Coll** 
Burnhams  land  for  which  you  have  had  an  office  found.  By  your 
former  letter,  and  my  answer  thereunto,  I  thought  myself  obliged 
to  you  part  and  to  my  utmost  to  hinder  the  probate  of  the  said 
Will,  but  hearing  nothing  from  and  being  threatened  by  mutual 
bonds  given  and  taken  between  you  and  the  others  I  could  make 
no  Defence  in  your  behalf  nay  durst  not  own  myself  concerned 
on  your  side  yet  was  troubled  to  see  such  proceedings  and  such 
large  fees  given  by  them  to  the  value  of  fifty  pound  Sterling, 
which  I  certainly  guess' d  was  for  a  farther  end  than  to  secure 
the  personal   Estate,  and  accordingly  so  it  happened  for  at  the 


34  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

latter  end  of  the  court  they  petition  for  a  day  to  be  assig^ned 
them  this  next  Court,  to  traverse  the  Office  found  pretendinjf  a 
right  by  virtue  of  the  said  Will,  with  some  reflections  upon 
there  first  Delay  in  the  probate  at  your  County  Court.  I  have 
sent  this  Gent.  Mr.  Hickes  purposely  with  this  letter  to  advise 
you  thereof  and  receive  your  commands  and  instructions  therein 
whereby  I  am  assured  it  will  appear  with  a  better  countenance 
at  the  next  Court  to  there  trouble  and  loss  and  to  your  quiet 
and  content  w"*'  is  truly  desired  by 

Your  Wff. 
To  The  Hon**"' 

Ralph  Wormley,  Esq. 


May  31st,  1681. 
Capt.  Francis  Partis. 

Sr:  Till  the  Receipt  of  yours  by  Capt.  Shepard  I  was  fully 
intended  to  write  you  at  large  but  by  that  understanding  that 
you  intended  certainly  in  this  next  year,  I  refer  a  larger  discourse 
till  then,  but  yet  must  now  tell  you  I  am  sorry  the  Initiation  of 
a  correspondence  with  you  Should  by  your  unkind  dealings  be 
so  soon  broken  off.  Your  brother  Capt.  Charles  Partis  is  able  to 
give  you  an  account  thereof  and  to  him  Pll  refer,  who  has 
endeavored  as  much  as  in  him  lies  to  palliate  the  matter,  by  per- 
suading me  that  it  was  not  really  and  intentionally  done  by  you, 
but  by  mistake  or  some  other  accident,  which  in  truth  by  his 
persuasions  and  my  own  charitable  inclinations  I  am  no  In- 
fidel to,  yet  could  do  no  less  than  stop  the  current  of  all  farther 
dealings  till  these  mistakes  and  Errors,  if  they  be  so,  already 
committed  be  regulated,  which  I  suppose  may  not  be  difficult 
upon  your  arrival.  What  of  your  Tob°  is  paid  and  why  not  all 
paid  and  the  care  and  provisions  I  had  taken  therein  your 
brother  can  and  will  I  dare  say  fully  inform  you.  I  hope  I 
shall  see  you  time  by  this  next  year  in  your  first  Rate  Merchant- 
man which  I  shall  be  very  glad  of  who  am 


Sir  Your  Wff. 


To  Capt.  Francis  Partis,  in  London. 
P  his  brother  Capt.  Charles  Partis. 


LETTERS  OF  WILLIAM   FITZHUGH.  85 


May  31st,  1681. 
Mr.  John  Lucum. 

If  no  body  should  come  from  me  or  by  my  order  to  take 
the  bills  of  Exchange  for  the  Pipe  Staves  and  the  bills  of  loading 
for  the  eleven  hh*"  of  Tob**  consigned  to  Mr.  John  Cooper  of 
London  merchant  I  am  so  far  satisfy' d  of  your  Integrity  and 
fidelity  that  I  request  you  to  do  it  yourself,  that  is  to  pass  bills 
of  Exchange  for  your  full  debt,  according  to  the  number  of  Pipe 
Staves  your  receive  and  bills  of  Loading  for  the  eleven  hh*" 
Tob*,  according  to  the  agreement  and  you  receipt  for  the  other 
one  hh*  consigned  to  your  self  which  I  would  have  you  thus 
order.  Inclose  one  of  the  bills  of  Loading  and  one  of  the  bills 
of  Exchange  in  this  letter  to  Mr.  Jno.  Cooper  which  you  have 
open  and  write  a  letter  yourself  to  me  and  inclose  the  other  two 
bills  of  Loading  and  the  two  bills  of  Exchange  and  your  Receipt 
for  the  hh*"  Tob°,  well  sealed  up  and  leave  them  either  with  Mr. 
William  Hardidge  or  Mr.  Secretary  and  deliver  them  to  them- 
selves with  request  to  keep  them  till  I  send  for  them  for  fear  of 
miscarriage  if  they  should  chance  to  convey  them  up  to  me  by 
an  uncertain  hand. 

Also  I  farther  request  you  to  acquaint  Mr.  Cooper  the  reason 
that  I  could  not  indorse  the  bills  of  Exchange  to  him  which 
upon  your  information  will  give  him  the  opportunity  of  demand- 
ing and  receiving  it  without  Indorsement.  I  hope  you  will  keep 
this  letter  by  you  for  your  Instructions  and  follow  it  if  I  have 
not  the  opportunity  of  sending  one  to  do  it  for  me,  which  will 
oblige 

Sir  Your  WfT. 
To  Capt.  John  Lucum 

on  board  his  Ship. 


June  2nd,  1681. 
Mr.  John  Cooper. 

This  is  copy  of  my  former  by  Capt.  John  Lucum  bearing  date 
31st  May,  last,  I  have  sent  another  by  the  said  Lucum  of  the 
same  date  and  of  the  same  purport  but  open  for  a  bill  of  loading 


36  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

and  a  bill  of  Exchange  to  be  inclosed  therein  for  the  above  Tob*. 
Sr  In  my  particulars  mentioned,  and  here  inclosed  you'll  find  I 
send  for  a  feather  bed,  and  furniture  curtains  and  vallens. 

The  furniture,  curtains  and  vallens,  I  would  have  new,  but  the 
bed  at  second  hand,  because  I  am  informed  new  ones  are  very 
full  of  dust.  The  curtains  and  vallens  I  would  have  plain  and 
not  very  costly.  I  desire  you  to  take  notice  in  the  purchase  of 
these  things  in  the  note  of  particulars  here  inclosed,  and  if  it 
should  so  happen  by  accident  or  some  other  mischance,  I  should 
not  have  the  opportunity  of  giving  you  farther  advice,  please  to 
take  care  to  send  those  particulars  by  the  first  Ships  by  Capt. 
Norrington,  if  he  comes  forth  early. 

Yours  Wflf. 


June  7th,  1681. 

Sir:     By  Mr.  Lucum  and  Mr.   Lymes,  bearing  date  31st 
May  and  2d  June,  I  have  given  you  an  account  of  eleven  hh** 
Tob**  consigned  to  you  together  with  several  bills  of  Exchange 
to  the  value  of  £^i  Sterling,  besides  Mr.  Lucum 's  bills  of  Ex- 
change for  what  value  I  know  not  yet,  which  according  to  my 
order  receive  of  him.     I  desire  your  care  in  sending  me  in  those 
things  I  sent  for  and  do  now  send  for,  which  are  for  my  own  par- 
ticular use,  therefore  I  desire  you  to  take  care  in  the  goodness  of 
them  and  what  my  money  comes  to  more  than  I  have  given  you 
advice  of,  please  to  send  me  it  in  Linnen,  of  which  let  gentish 
holland  be  finest  except  one  piece  of  kenting  and  let  there  be  two 
pieces  of  white  Dimmety  and  one  piece  of  colored.     I  refer  the 
sorting  the  linnen  to  yourself,  being  mindfull  of  blue  Linnen  in 
the  Parcel.     If  you  could  possibly  procure  me  a  Bricklayer  or 
Carpenter  or  both,  it  would  do  me  a  great  kindness  and  save  me  a 
great  deal  of  money  in  my  present  building,  and  I  should  be 
willing  to  advance  something  extraordinary  for  the  procuration 
of  them  or  either  of  them.     If  you  send  in  any  tradesmen   be 
sure  send  in   their  tools   with   them.     Sir,  my  small   acquaint- 
ance begs  my  excuse  for  not  giving  you  an   account  of  news 
Stirring.     Although  I  have  sent  none  yet  I  hope  to  receive  some 


LETTERS   OF   V^ILLIAM   FITZHUGH.  37 

from  you,  to^^ether  with  the  present  transactions  of  affairs  in 

England;  if  the  market  gives  any  encouragement  you  may  be 

sure  to  hear  more  from  me  for  the  future.     I  am 

Your  Wff. 
To  Mr.  Jno.  Cooper,  in  Lond°. 

Merch*  p.  Capt.  Lymes. 


June  19th,  1681. 

Sr:     Yours  I  received  by  Mr.  Hickes,  whereby  I  am  now 
thoroughly  acquainted  with  your  business  and  have  communi- 
cated the  same  to  Mr.  George  Brent  and  have  also  sent  him 
your  inclosed  Guinea,  the  bond  I  must  take  notice  to  you  is  not 
so  well  as  it  should  be  for  in  the  obligation  it  is  something  sup- 
erfluous at  least  if  not  amiss,  to  name  them  Executors  of  Mr. 
Burnham,  it  might  have  been  more  excusable  if  it  had  been  so 
mentioned  in  the  condition,  yet  the  most  sure  way  had  been  to 
condition  with  them  as  Legatees  to  Burnham  not  to  interrupt 
your  Possession  or  to  traverse  the  Office  for  by  that  name  comes 
their  Pretensions  and  not  as  Executors  for  as  they  are  Executors 
only  they  have  nothing  to  say  to  any  lands  or  tenements  of  the 
Testators.     I  shall  take  what  care  I  can  and  shall  use  my  utmost 
skill  to  defend  your  most  Just  cause,  to  clear  you  from  this  unjust 
molestation.     The  course  you  give  me  account,  you  have  taken 
to  put  the  bond  in  Suite  is  grounded  upon  good  counsel.     Sr.  I 
am  heartily  glad  of  Major  Beverleys  association  and  assistance 
in  this  affair  who  is  in  my  Esteem  the  best  acquainted  with  the 
practice  part  in  Virginia.     If  terms  of  treaty  or  complyance 
should  evermore  come  to  be  offered,  take  not  this  Course  by 
bonds   to  oblige  them   but  rather  confirmations,   Releases   or 
Deeds  of  conveyance  well  penned  by  good  advice  which  I  pre- 
sume Major  Beverly  is  able  to  assist  you  in  and  that  will  utterly 
disable  them  from  any  pretensions  to  a  Suit  for  a  future  and  if 
not  strengthen  your  title  yet  I  am  sure  quiet  your  Possession. 
Sr.   I  understand  there  are  some   Negro  Ships  expected   into 
York  now  every  day  I  am  so  remote  that  before  I   can  have 
they'll   be  all  disposed  of  or  at  least  none  left  but   the   refuse 
therefore  Sr.  I  request  you  to  do  me  the  favour  if  you  intend  to 


38  VIRGINIA  HISTORICAL  MAGAZINE. 

buy  any  for  yourself  and  it  be  not  too  much  trouble  to  you,  to 
secure  roe  five  or  six  whereof  three  or  four  boys  if  you  can  and 
please  to  send  roe  word  of  it  and  I  shall  readily  come  down  and 
thankfully  acknowledge  the  favour  who  am 

Hon"*  S'  Your  Wff. 
To  Ralph  Wormley  Esq. 


June  19th,  1681. 
Maj'  Robt.  Beverly: 

I  received  yours  inclosed  in  Esqr.  Wormley* s,  wherein  you 
write  down  that  branch  of  the  Statute  relating  to  his  case  with 
your  interpretation  and  opinion  succintly  and  pithily  with  which 
I  fully  agree  and  doubt  not  if  Statutes  be  of  any  force  (which  is 
doubtless)  is  sufficient  to  quiet  his  Possession  and  clear  him  of 
trouble  which  I  believe  is  rather  occasioned  by  their  Advisers  to 
get  money  from  them>  than  out  of  any  probability  of  obtaining^ 
the  land  for  them. 

Instead  of  Bonds,  had  confirmations,  Releases  or  conveyances, 
&c.,been  well  drawn  they  could  not  possibly  have  contrived  any 
trouble  now  which  is  the  best  Course  to  be  taken  if  any  Over- 
tures of  Quiet  and  Cessation  from  Arms  Should  more  be  offered. 

The  business  would  not  admit  me  to  write  less  and  last  will 
not  suffer  more  to  be  added  by 

Sir  Your  Wff. 
To  Maj'  Robt.  Beverly,  in  Rappahannock. 


June  19,  1681. 
Mr.  Henry  Hartwell: 

I  cannot  miss  this  opportunity  to  beg  my  Excuse  for  parting 
so  rudely  without  taking  leave,  I  am  sure  some  of  the  Company 
were  equally  concerned  in  the  Bacchanalian  Banquet  and  those 
that  were  not,  cannot  deny  an  Excuse  to  the  great  absurdity  of 
Solacisms  committed  by  Bacchanals  who  have  Priviledge  by 
Bacchus  himself  the  first  Institutor  of  the  Order. 

I  desire  you  will  give  my  service  to  all  friends  there  and  mind 
Mr.  Clayton  to  provide  Institutions  for  our  intended  Society  and 


LETTERS   OF   WILLIAM   FITZHUGH.  39 

to  take  care  that  none  be  admitted  therein  but  Loyalists  and  then 
I  don't  question  but  we  shall  continue  in  order  and  obedience  as  J 
Loyalists.  Sr.  I  desire  you'll  send  me  by  the  bearer,  a  Writ  at 
the  Suite  of  William  Balthrope  against  George  Thorne  in  an 
action  of  Tresspass  directed  to  the  Sheriff  of  Westmoreland,  also 
a  Dedimus  Protestatem  for  Coir  Mason  to  examine  Evidence  in 
the  Appeal  betwixt  him  and  Mr.  Lincolne  (for  which  our  Clark 
intends  to  kiss  your  hand  next  Court)  directed  to  Mr.  James 
Ashton  Maj'  Andrew  Gilson  and  Doct'  William  Bankes, 

Sir  Your  WfT. 
To  Mr.  Henry  Hartwell 

At  James  City. 


June  19,  1681. 
Mr.  William  Hardidge: 

I  have  now  by  me  two  of  your  letters  one  by  Mr.  Gibson 
which  I  received  about  12th  June  last  when  Partis  was  ready  to 
sail,  the  other  I  received  yesterday  by  Mr.  Lincolne.  In  the  first 
you  acquaint  me  you  have  sent  me  Partis'  bond  because  he  re- 
fused to  deliver  bills,  which  I  something  admire  if  ever  you  look'd 
upon  the  Bond  or  the  Assignment,  on  the  backside  the  Bond  is 
absolute  for  50;^  Sterling  and  no  other  condition  in  it  to  save 
him  from  the  penalty  but  the  payment  of  2SjC  Sterling  the  fourth 
of  April  and  the  Claret  and  white  sugar.  The  assignment  on  the 
backside  is  also  as  clear  and  absolute  from  me  to  Mr.  Gotley 
with  a  warranty  that  it  is  due,  which  is  every  penny  due.  By 
your  last  you  inform  me  that  Partis  tells  you  I  have  other- 
wisp  disposed  of  the  Pipe  Staves,  tis  true  I  sold  some  Pipe  Staves 
and  have  yet  some  to  sell,  but  I  never  yet  sold  any  of  Capt. 
Partis  his  Pipe  Staves,  what  staves  I  owe  him  he  has  my  bill  for 
if  I  have  not  performed  according  to  the  tenour  hereof  I  am 
liable  to  an  action  but  yet  that  has  no  relation  to  Mr  Gotley 's  debt 
if  it  had  I  should  now  have  sent  you  bills  of  Exchange.  I  here 
inclosed  send  you  the  Bond  which  I  have  nothing  to  do  with 
except  you  can  make  it  appear  not  to  be  due;  had  I  had  your  first 
letter  sooner  I  should  have  advised  you  otherwise  and  secured 
your  money  of  Partis.     I  desire  you'll  shew  the  Bond  and  this 


40  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

letter  of  mine  to  the  Honbl*  M'  Secretary  who  I  dare  say  will 
assure  that  your  being  without  that  money  is  your  own,  not  my 
fault  who  am, 

Sir  Your  Wff. 
To  Mr.  William  Hardidge  at  Nomany. 


June  8th,  1681. 
Mr.  Kenline  Chiseldine: 

Sr:  The  cruelty  of  M*^  Blackstone  towards  my  sister  in  Law 
is  grown  so  notorious  and  cruel  that  there  is  no  possibility  of 
keeping  it  any  longer  private,  with  the  preservation  of  her  life 
his  cruelty  having  already  occasioned  her  to  make  two  or  three 
attempts  to  destroy  herself  which  if  not  timely  prevented  witf 
inevitably  follow,  therefore  Sir  in  Relation  of  my  Affinity  to 
her  as  also  at  the  Instance  and  Request  of  Mr.  Newton  to  propose 
some  remedy  I  think  there  is  some  means  to  be  used  for  a  sepa- 
ration because  of  his  continued  cruelty  which  in  England  is 
practical;  here  in  Virginia  it  is  a  rare  case,  of  which  nature  I  have 
known  but  one  which  was  between  Mr'  Brent  and  her  husband 
Mr.  Giles  Brent,  the  Case  thus  managed  ;  She  petitions  the  Gov- 
ernor and  Council  Setting  forth  his  inhuman  usage  upon  which 
Petitions  the  Court  orders  her  to  live  separate  from  him,  and  he 
to  allow  her  a  maintenance  according  to  his  Quality  and  Estate 
and  to  make  his  appearance  at  the  next  general  court  before 
which  court  he  dyed  and  so  no  farther  proceedings  therein.  Mr- 
Newton  can  give  you  a  full  account  of  his  cruelty  and  barbarity 
towards  her  and  has  evidences  ready  to  prove  it,  therefore  I  have 
advised  him  consult  you  for  the  manner  of  proceeding  therein 
and  earnestly  request  you  will  assist  him  in  it.  It  cannot 
properly  be  called  a  Divorce  but  a  Separation  rather  for  I  find 
in  Cooke  on  Littleton  folio  235  Several  sorts  of  Divorces  a  Vin- 
culo Matrimonii  but  Divorces  propter  Saevitiam  and  causa 
Adulterii  are  more  properly  Separations  because  Dissolutions  a 
vinculo  matrimonii  but  only  a  mensa  et  thoro  and  the  coverture 
continues  and  consequently  a  maintenance  allowed  her  and 
Dower  after  his  Decease  as  is  plentifully  set  forth  by  those  that 
treat  thereof. 


LETTERS   OF   WILLIAM   FITZHUGH.  41 

You  may  find  one  precedent  in  Cooke  car  fo.  461, 462  between 
Porter  and  his  wife  whereupon  prosecution  it  was  decreed.  Quod 
propter  Sevitiam  of  her  said  Husband  &c.  I  question  not  but 
you  are  furnished  with  Precedents  of  like  nature,  therefore  your 
assistance  and  advice  in  this  affair  is  desired  by 

Sir  Your  Wff. 
To  Mr.  Kenline  Chiseldine 
Attorney  General  of  Maryland. 


June  8th,  1681. 
HorCrd  Sir- 

The  business  of  your  brother  and  Mr  Chas  Roane  did  not 
proceed  successfully  last  Court  for  two  reasons  one  was  timely 
entering  the  Petition,  the  other  he  was  only  arrested  at  the 
Suite  of  Mr.  William  Lee.  How  they  both  happened  I  Know  not 
and  Coll*  Kendall  pleaded  Ignorance  therein.  I  have  here  in- 
closed sent  you  a  Writ  and  Petition  against  Roane  who  is  most 
willing  to  have  an  end  and  to  have  the  legal  Right  known  with- 
out delays,  therefore  to  begin  with  him  will  cause  Expedition 
and  the  Judgment  in  his  cause  will  be  a  Precedent  to  the  rest. 
I  wish  you  much  joy  in  your  young  son  now  and  comfort  here- 
after. 

Your  Wff. 
To  the  Hon"''  Coll"  Richard  Lee. 


June  8th,  1681. 
Dear  Mother, 

To  go  up  to  Rose  before  you  have  provided  means  for  her 
relief  will  rather  aggravate  than  alleviate  her  misery,  therefore 
this  comes  that  Mr.  Newton  now  advises  to  will  be  safest  and 
surest  and  make  your  voyage  comfortable  to  yourself  and  a 
creditable  Relief  to  your  Daughter  which  is  hereby  wished  by 

Your  Wff. 
To  Mrs.  Rose  Newton. 


42  VIRGINIA -HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


July  3rd,  1 68 1. 

Sir:  I  have  this  conveniency  by  Nat.  Garland  to  acquaint 
you  that  I  cannot  receive  answers  to  either  of  the  Letters  I  sent 
you.  I  believe  there  may  be  some  miscarriages  but  not  so  many 
but  that  one  in  three  comes  to  hand.  Friends  at  a  distance 
want  the  happiness  of  seing  one  another  yet  a  friendly  communi- 
cation by  Letters  is  not  barred  which  I  should  much  rejoice  in.  I 
assure  you  I  let  slip  no  opportunity  and  should  be  glad  you 
would  use  but  friendliness  therein.  I  hope  Distance  has  not 
occasioned  forgetful ness.  Nat.  Garland  tells  me  you  have  made 
great  and  profitable  progress  in  your  Linnen  manufacture  which 
I  heartily  congratulate  wishing  that  as  you  give  good  example  to 
others  you  may  reap  benefit  thereby  to  yourself  S*r  I  have  here 
inclosed  sent  a  letter  to  Mr.  Alexander  Broady  with  his  papers 
inclosed  in  it.  I  have  left  it  open  to  your  perusal  &c.  after  which 
I  desire  you'll  seal  it  and  get  it  a  safe  conveyance  to  his  hand. 
My  Wife  and  self  salute  you  and  your  good  lady  with  our  Re- 
spects and  services.     I  am 

Your  Wff. 
To  Capt. 

Tho'  Matthews  at  Cherrypoint. 


July  3d,  1681. 
To  Mr.  Alex  Brody 

At  Capt.  Len*  Howson's: 

This  is  the  first  and  most  certain  convenience  I  have  had 
since  my  coming  from  Town  to  communicate  to  you  how  your 
business  depends,  When  I  received  yo'  letter  with  the  inclosed 
supersede  as  I  admired  at  that  clause  in  it,  you  satisfy'd  me  by 
your  letter  that  it  was  neither  at  your  motion  nor  Petition. 

The  copy  supersedeas  together  with  the  copy  of  the  order  and 
this  inclosed  Petition  I  presented  but  to  no  effect,  for  the  Governour 
and  Council  said  they  would  not  vacate  Ord"  of  Court  upon 
prayer  only  without  legal  Process  and  proceeding  the  said  Sea- 
borne being  not  arrested  by  the  S**  Writ  nor  any  Return  made, 
therefore  their  Directions  were  if  the  court  had  injured  you,  you 


LETTERS  OF  WILLIAM  FITZHUGH.  43 

might  have  your  remedy  legally  against  them.     So  that  what  I 

can  advise  farther  is  to  either  arrest  one  or  two  of  the  Court  that 

then  was  sitting  when  the  Order  past  against  you  or  wait  with 

patience  till  Seaburne's  arrival  and  then  return  your  Supersedeas 

and  so  get  a  rehearing  of  the  whole  matter  before  the  Governour 

and  council.     1  know  no  other  means  to  get  relief  for  you  but  by 

one  of  these  ways,  if  you  take  the  former  I  desire  you  to  come 

up  to  give  me  account  thereof  and  Instructions  therein,  if  the 

latter  please  give  me  timely  notice  by  the  first  opportunity  and 

in  either  you  shall  find  me 

Your  Wff. 


August  24th,  1 68 1. 

Sir:  Yours  by  Christopher  Warner  bearing  date  29ih 
July,  I  have  received,  am  glad  to  hear  of  your  and  Lady's  health 
therein  which  I  have  also  been  satisfy' d  in  by  M"  Rogers  who 
has  been  in  your  parts  and  whom  I  have  intreated  to  be  the 
conveyer  of  this.  I  do  not  approve  of  your  town  project  for  the 
advancement  of  a  most  useful  and  advantageous  manufacture 
which  I  believe  in  time  when  necessity  and  use  shall  have  reduced 
more  to  follow  will  be  found  more  profitable  and  advantageous 
to  a  general  Commerce  than  the  greatest  probability  can  imagine 
from  this  Superfluous  Staple  that  at  present  custom  hath  rendered 
suitable  to  the  generality  by  reason  one  is  absolute  necessity,  the 
other  a  thin  indifferent  and  more  obliged  to  the  fancy  than  any 
real  worth  in  itself. 

Absolute  necessity  of  business  calls  me  abroad  so  often  that 
I  am  glad  when  I  can  have  some  leisure  at  home,  I  am  taking  of 
some  and  assure  your  self  that  you  be  one  of  the  first  whom 
when  I  get  time  I  intend  to  visit. 

Necessity  as  'tis  the  mother  of  Invention,  so  it  is  the  more  so 
of  Industry,  which  has  so  far  been  cherished  here  that  there's 
little  of  any  wool  left  in  our  parts  not  wrought  up  either  in 
stockings  and  therefore  no  hopes,  of  the  purchase  of  any  here. 
Mine  and  Wives  best  Respects  salute  you  and  your  good  Lady, 
continuance  of  that  health  and  happiness  you  at  present  enjoy 
is  wished  you  by 

To  Capt  Thos  Matthews  Your  Wff. 

At  Cherry  point. 


44  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL  MAGAZINE. 


Julj"  I4lh,  1681. 
HonWd  Sir: 

.  I  received  yours  by  the  Soldier  wherein  you  give  a  farther 
discovery  of  your  business  in  Mr.  Kennon*s  relation  which  dis- 
covers such  a  palpable  cheat  that  I  admire  any  persuasions  should 
induce  them  to  proclaim  there  own  scandal  especially  when  with- 
out interuption,  things  in  your  power  to  have  avoided^  you  had 
been  so  obligingly  civil  to  admit  them  to  carry  away  the  per- 
sonal Estate. 

I  doubt  there  catching  at  the  Land  may  occasion  them  the  loss 
of  the  real  substance,  I  mean  the  personal  Estate,  which  they  may 
say  they  were  once  quietly  seised  with  like  the  dog  in  the  fable. 
S'  your  promise  to  assist  me  in  the  purchase  of  those  Negroes 
I  requested  you  to  buy  for  me,  only  desire  farther  advice  and 
more  particular  directions  which  I  shall  now  do.  I  desired  you  in 
my  former  to  buy  me  five  or  six,  whereof  three  or  four  to  be 
boys«  a  man  and  woman  or  men  and  women,  the  boys  from  eight  to 
seventeen  or  eighteen,  the  rest  as  young  as  you  can  procure  them, 
for  price  I  cannot  direct  therein  because  boys  according  to  there 
age  and  growth  are  valued  in  price,  therefore  S'  shall  refer  that 
wholly  to  yourself  and  doubt  not  your  care  therein  and  if  you 
please  to  hire  a  messenger  to  come  either  way  with  them  or  to 
come  immediately  and  give  me  notice  thereof  I  shall  gladly 
pay  the  Messenger  and  readily  come  down  myself  to  make  pay- 
ment for  the  same.  Sr  Mr  Brent  and  myself  are  resolved  to  wait 
on  you  in  our  journey  to  Town  to  be  well  advised  and  fully  in- 
formed in  the  Slate  of  your  affairs  which  are  grounded  upon 
such  just  foundation  that  success  is  little  doubted   by 

Yr  Wff. 

This  letter  I  sent  before  the  other  on  the  other  side  but  mistook 
the  entering  it. 


To  Ralph  Wormley  Esq. 


Dec'r  3rd,  1681. 
Mr.  John  Buckner 

S'r :  I  was  intended  the  last  general  court  to  have  waited  on 
you,  in  order  to  have  taken  care  for  your  payment  what  I  am 


LETTERS  OF  WILLIAM   FITZHUGH.  45 

indebted  to  you,  but  in  my  going  was  straitened  in  time  and  in  my 
my  coming  home  earnest  to  be  here.  I  have  now  taken  this  op- 
portunity by  Mr.  John  Withers  to  send  you  bills  of  Maj'  Robert 
Beverlys  for;^20,  5,  00  which  I  suppose  before  this  time  he  has 
taken  care  with  you  about  his  promised  payment  in  your  hands  at 
the  passing  of  the  bills.  Esq""  Wormley  likewise  at  the  same  time 
assured  me  that  he  would  take  care  to  pay  you  ;^20  more  upon 
my  account,  which  I  doubt  not  but  before  this  he  has  done;  what 
remains  I  will  hereafter  take  care  honestly  to  pay  but  hope  you 
will  make  me  some  abatement  for  your  Dumb  Negro  that  you 
sold  me;  had  she  been  a  new  Negro,  I  must  have  blamed  my 
fate  not  you;  but  one  that  you  had  two  years,  I  must  conclude 
you  knew  her  qualities  which  is  bad  at  work  worse  at  talking 
and  took  the  opportunity  of  the  Softness  of  my  Messenger  to 
quit  your  hands  of  her.  I  will  freely  give  you  the  ;^3,  5,0, over- 
plus of  ;^20  that  he  gave  for  her  to  take  her  again  and  will  get 
her  convey' d  to  your  hands  or  hope  if  my  offer  be  not  accepta- 
ble you  will  make  me  some  abatement  of  so  bad  a  bargain.  I 
desire  if  you  have  not  heard  from  Mr.  Wormley  and  Maj.  Bev- 
erly in  order  to  the  payment  as  above  Mr.  Withers  will  not  scru- 
ple to  stay  a  day  while  you  send  to  them  that  thereby  he  may 
bring  my  Obligation  with  him  and  will  pass  himself  for  the  Bal- 
lance  which  I'll  see  certainly  paid.  Sr.  This  Gentleman  is  come 
purposely  to  buy  two  or  three  Negro  boys  or  girlls,  men  or  women. 
Upon  the  Report  the  protested  Bills  has  opened  the  Negro  Market 
I  advised  hinvto  you  for  your  advice  and  instructions  there,  as  well 
knowing  that  if  such  a  thing  be  you  can  best  advise  him.  I  will 
also  myself  buy  six  or  eight  if  the  market  be  so  low  as  is  here  re- 
ported, in  both  which  your  advice  is  desired  by 

Sr.  Your  Wff 
To  Mr.  Jno.  Buckner, 

p.  Mr.  Withers. 


February  13th,  168 1-2 
Han'd  Sir  : 

At  the  Instance  of  my  very  good  friend  Doc'""  W"  Bankes 
this  comes  not  to  sollicit  any  thing  from  you  in  his  behalf,  but 
truly  what  he  is  most  capable  of  performing  himself  but  only  to 


46  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

acquaint  your  Hon'  what  a  great  sufferer  his  Predecessor  Mr. 
Thomas  Bunbury  has  been  in  the  late  Distractions  and  chiefly 
in  the  sherifT  Office  s:ranted  him  by  the  Governor,  without  doubt 
for  a  help  and  furtherance  in  his  affairs  which  those  times  made 
unprofitable  and  his  death  after  has  rendered  his  fruitless  labours 
therein  chargeable  and  troublesome  to  his  successor  and  ruinous 
to  his  surviving  children,  by  reason  considerable  sums  have  been 
taken  by  Law  from  the  Estate  upon  that  account,  and  the  profits  lie 
scattered  up  and  down  in  parcels  not  possible  to  be  brought  to- 
gether for  use  or  profit  to  the  Children  without  a  Repetition  of 
the  same  favour  to  the  Successor  (as  was  thought  at  an  ill  time) 
granted  Mr.  Bunbury.  He  is  now  prepared  to  wait  upon  the 
Govenour,  if  your  Hon'  please  to  grant  your  letter  of  Recom- 
mendation in  that  affair.  The  profits  I  dare  say  will  go  to  the 
increase  of  that  small  Pittance  of  the  Children,  their  unhappy 
father  left  them. 


To  NicV  Spencer  Esq. 

Secretary  of  Virginia. 


Hon'^  Sir  Your  Wff. 


February  26lh,  1 68 1-2 
Honoured  Sir: 

This  is  the  first  opportunity  since  I  had  left  the  honour  of  your 
good  company  to  assure  you  that  I  am  not  unprovided  with  Argu- 
ments (if  the  Assembly  requires  it)  to  prove  that  the  Laws  of 
England  are  in  force  here,  except  where  the  Acts  of  Assembly 
have  otherwise  provided,  by  reason  of  the  constitution  of  the 
place  and  people.  The  Gentleman  the  bearer  is  my  neigbour 
Doct'  Bancks  whose  health  we  drank  at  Maj'  Beverley's,  he  is 
come  to  wait  upon  the  Govenour  to  get  a  grant  of  the  high 
Sheriff's  place  whose  predecessor  Mr.  Thos.  Bunbury  was  a  great 
sufferer  by  his  untimely  death  in  the  said  Of!ice,  and  he  as  his 
sucessor  has  been  a  considerable  sufferer  thereby,  as  he  is  able 
truly  to  inform  you  and  I  dare  say  would  esteem  it  an  infinite 
obligation  if  your  Hounour  would  be  pleased  to  introduce  him 
into  the  Govenour' s  knowledge  and  second  his  Endeavours. 

Sr.  I  hope  you  have  had  an  opportunity  of  satisfying  Mr. 
Buckner  that  sum  you  were  pleas'd  to  promise  at  Maj'  Bever- 


LETTERS   OF  WILLIAM   FITZHUGH.  47 

iey's.  I  have  had  a  relation  of  your  observations  upon  Coll"* 
Griffin's  Attorneys,  but  no  account  what  Evidence  they  had 
farther  to  produce  which  if  you  think  it  worth  your  while  I 
should  be  glad  to  be  informed  from  yourself  that  thereby  I 
might  be  thoroughly  capable  of  assuring  you.    I  am 

Honrd  Sir  Your  Wff. 
To  Esq'  Wormley,  &c. 


March  6th,  1681-2. 
HofCrd  Sir: 

Yours  came  to  my  hand  yesterday  by  Mr.  Fox.  This  morning 
I  sent  him  to  Mr.  Waugh  where  he  forewarned  him  off  the 
Plantation,  spoke  to  him  to  desist  from  falling  any  more  timber 
trees,  and  from  meddling  with  any  more  of  those  Pipe  Staves 
Already  got,  which  I  according  to  your  Honour's  commands 
seconded  and  endeavoured  to  set  forth  to  him  the  inconveniency 
and  damage  that  would  attend  an  obstinate  refusal,  but  he  was 
deaf  to  all  and  did  openly  aver  that  the  Promise  of  surrender  was 
upon  conditions  to  be  repaid  what  money  he  hath  already  paid 
towards  the  Purchase,  and  to  be  reimbursed  what  charge  and 
expenses  he  had  been  at  upon  the  Plantation  in  building,  fenc- 
in|^  &c.  And  did  farther  alledge  that  he  had  an  Obligation  from 
under  your  Honour's  hand  to  assure  him  a  title  to  the  Land 
which  as  soon  as  he  has,  he  says  he  shall  then  be  ready  to  pay 
the  rem*'  of  the  money  due  to  the  purchaser. 

The  severall  passages  that  happened  Mr.  Fox  will  fully  re- 
late to  you  to  which  I'll  refer.  But  the  Result  of  all  was  he 
would  take  no  forewarning.  And  withall  promised  that  he 
would  wait  upon  your  Hon'  to  accomodate  the  matter.  Those 
two  hh*"  of  Tob**  you  were  pleas'd  to  nominate  to  me  for  pay 
at  Edward  Washington's  I  have  already  disposed  of  and  indeed 
the  remainder  of  my  Tob°  in  Westmoreland,  except  some  at 
Mr.  Newtons  and  four  more  at  Nomany  for  which  I  have  al- 
ready taken  freight. 

My  Receiver  told  me  this  hh*  at  yo'  Quater  was  as  good  as 
any  he  received  and  before  I  received  your  Honour's  letter  I  had 
a  purpose  to  ship  it  off  but  that  conveniency  in  payment  hinder' d. 


48  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

I  am  sorry  it  will  not  answer  your  expectation  in  shiping  off 

now  I  have  that  Tob°  demanded  for  your  use  but  I  dare  assure 

you  from  my  Receiver  that  it  is  <;ood  Tob°  and  it  is  so  late  in 

the  year  I  cannot  contrive  your  Tob**  elsewhere  which  I  hope 

will  be  excusable  in 

Your  Wff. 
To  Mr.  Secretary  Spencer. 


May  29th,  1682 
Maj'r  Robt.  Beverly, 

Sir:  This  messenger  who  is  faithful!  and  intelligent  we  have 
purposely  sent  to  be  certainly  informed  from  yourself  wether 
your  Restraint  continues,  the  generall  Report  with  us  is  that 
your  freedom  was  granted  you,  without  any  endeavor  of  Re- 
crimination which  will  add  a  greater  lustre,  to  your  Innocence 
and  assure  the  world  of  yo^  capacity  that  a  small  jealousie  of 
your  Dissatisfaction  may  put  great  men  in  Dismay.  •  Sr.  Magna 
Charta  the  Petition  of  Rights  and  the  divers  statutes  made  in 
confirmation  of  the  first  w"*  the  severall  commentarys  and  Ex- 
positions upon  all,  setting  forth  the  liberty  of  the  subject  to 
gether  with  the  causes  and  occasions  of  his  confinement,  I  am 
indifferently  well  furnished  with,  and  assure  yourself  shall  not  be 
wanting  to  one  of  the  choicest  of  my  friends,  to  communicate 
my  utmost  knowledge  therein,  did  your  business  now  require 
it  nor  should  I  scant  my  pains  to  do  you  service  or  to  give  you 
any  means  of  Satisfaction  touching  the  same  which  freedom  as- 
sure yourself  is  candid  and  if  your  occasions  require  it  shall  find 
it  real  from 

Sr.  Your  Wflf. 
To  Maj'r  Robt.  Beverly. 


June  5th  1682. 
Mr.  John  Burrage, 

Sir :  Herewith  comes  bills  of  Exchange  drawn  upon  you  for 
jQ'j  Sterling,  the  whole  with  what  was  paid  last  year  by  Mr. 
Tucker  for  my  fees  in  managing  your  Several  businesses  in  Vir- 
ginia both  in  the  Generall  and  County  courts.  Mr.  Bull  can 
certainly  inform  you  that  I  was  equally  concerned  w*  Mr.  Brent 
in  your  business  and   last  year  and  this  year  I  demanded  it  of 


LETTERS   OF  WILLIAM   FITZHUGH.  49 

him,  but  he  was  unwillinf^  to  draw  for  any  more  because  he  said 
you  had  not  received  any  quantity  of  your  effects,  where  that 
fault  lyes  I  know  not  but  this  I  am  sure  that  your  whole  effects 
that  I  was  concerned  in  was  due  by  Judgement. 

Sr,  What  I  had  last  year  was  but  small  in  respect  of  my  Ser- 
vice for  you  at  the  General  Court  and  this  that  I  charge  now  is  less 
in  respect  of  my  service  at  the  County  Court,  for  I  can  assure  you 
and  Mr.  Bull  well  knows  that  my  County  Court  fees  barely  ac- 
cording to  Act  of  Assembly  at  156  p.  cause  comes  to  above  eight 
thousand  pounds  of  Tob*"  which  I  may  demand,  you  can't  deny 
and  the  Law  will  give  me,  yet  in  respect  your  Employ  was  some- 
thing^ considerable  and  I  am  something  straitned  for  want  of 
money,  I  have  made  this  small  and  modest  demand  in  full  of 
my  whole  due  which  I  hope  yoii  will  give  due  acceptance  to, 
which  I  can  assure  you  will  be  to  your  own  advantage  and  the 
the  satisfaction  of 

Sr  Your  Wff. 
To  Mr.  John  Burrage 
Merc'  in  Lyme. 


June  5lh  1682. 
Madam  Bland. 

This  comes  with  three  bills  of  Exchange  drawn  upon  you 
for  jQto  Sterling  the  full  balance  of  your  bill  to  me,  which  upon 
answer  thereof,  I  will  take  care  to  cancell  and  do  farther  signifie 
and  oblige  myself  by  these  presents  to  acquit  and  discharge 
you  from  the  s**  bill  of  ;^20  upon  payment  of  these  bills.  This 
letter  comes  only  to  advise,  I  have  writ  you  something  concern - 
ing^  your  business  already  and  by  the  next  shall  return  you 
•answer  of  your  severall  letters  which  about  a  fortnight  ago  I 
received  together  with  a  full  account  of  your  business  as  it  re- 
lates to  me  and  have  taken  care  with  Mr.  Blayton  and  Mr. 
Minge  to  give  you  the  full  State  of  your  whole  affairs. 

I  hope  you  will  not  fail  in  answering  these  bills  to  the  full  satis- 
faction of 

Madam  Your  Wff 
To  Mrs.  Sarah  Bland, 
In  London. 


50  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


June  5th,  1682. 
Maj'r  Robt.  Beverley. 

Sir:  This  comes  by  the  same  Messenger  of  the  other  of 
the  29th  May  and  I  hope  will  find  you  as  well  and  as  free  as  it 
leaves  rtie  accompany*  d  with  an  assurance  of  my  utmost  En- 
deavours to  do  you  Service  to  the  utmost  of  my  power.  Sr.  I 
have  lately  received  a  letter  from  Madam  Bland  by  which  I  un- 
derstand she  keeps  in  her  old  way  of  Court  Solicitations  and  as- 
sures me  of  doing  me  any  kindness  in  her  circumstances,  there- 
^  fore  desire  you  to  send  me  a  fair  copy  of  the  Journal  of  our  last 
Assembly  to  send  to  her  who  I  doubt  not  upon  receipt  thereof 
will  be  advantageously  servicable  to  us  and  please  also  to  sig- 
nifie  whether  I  may  that  way  be  servicable  to  you.  I  hope 
you'll  mind  and  hasten  the  expediting  of  your  promise  in  giv- 
ing me  a  copy  of  these  commissions  Instructions  &c  ;  you  were 
pleased  to  assure  me  should  be  the  first  of  your  care  upon  your 
coming  home.  Sr.  Those  two  bills  Mr.  Brent  and  I  took  of 
you  for  ;^20,  5,  o,  I  cannot  find  and  do  doubt  have  lost  them, 
therefore  desire  you  to  sign  anew  the  bills  herewith  sent  you 
which  have  relation  to  the  discharge  of  the  former  if  ever  they 
should  be  found  again  which  I  very  much  doubt:  if  you  think 
these  are  not  authentickly  drawn  for  a  discharge  of  the  former, 
please  to  draw  others  yourself  My  humble  service  to  yourself 
and  good  lady.  If  you  could  draw  bills  of  Exchange  payable 
to  Mr.  Jno.  Buckner  or  order  for  the  whole  sum,  it  would  be 
very  advantageous  to  me  and  mightily  satisfactory  to  him  who 
I  can  pay  no  other  way. 

Your  Wfr. 
To  Maj'r  Robt.  Beverly, 

p.  Mr.  Jn**  Withers. 


Instructions  for  Mr.  ]n°  Withers  his  proceedings  in  his  York 
journey  June  5th,  1682. 

First,  to  Maj'r  Beverly  there's  two  letters  and  two  bills 
drawn  for  him  to  sign  for  ;^20,  5,  as  p.  the  bills  you'll  see,  which 
remember  to  take,  except  he  will  give  you  bills  of  Exchange  to 
Mr.  John  Buckner  for  the  said  sum. 


LETTERS  OF  WILLIAM   FITZHUGH.  51 

2ndly.  To  take  of  Madam  Hull,  Roger  Hull's  widow,  two 
bills  of  Exchange  for  jQ^  each,  payable  to  Mr.  Brent  and 
myself. 

Thirdly,  to  take  Mr.  Fantleroy's  bills  for  ;^8,  lo,  if  he  will 
pass  for  so  much  but  be  sure  for  j^6,  or  else  tell  him  I  shall  sue 
him  for  his  Protest. 

Fourthly,  to  deliver  Mr.  Broody's  letter  and  take  bills  of  him 
for  jQ^  Sterling  or  ready  money  if  he  pleases. 

Fifthly,  to  deliver  Herriot's  letter  and  take  bills  for  ^^3  in 
your  own  name  or  else  to  receive  the  same  in  ready  money  and 
to  deliver  his  papers  after  paym*. 

Sixthly,  To  Deliver  Mr.  Christopher  Robinson  his  letter  and 
to  take  bills  for  jQj,  10,  for  Mr.  Brent  and  as  much  for  me  in  my 
own  name  and  to  acquaint  him  that  you  are  to  pay  them  away 
as  you  come  up. 

Seventhly,  To  pass  Leftidges  bill  away  though  it  be  for  fourty 
shillings. 

Eighthly.  To  purchase  what  likely  Negroes  you  can  either  i, 
^«  3*  4>  5  or  6  what  boys  and  men  you  possibly  can,  as  few  women 
as  may  be,  but  be  sure  not  above  two,  to  purchase  neither  man 
nor  woman  above  thirty  years  old,  not  to  exceed  ;^20  for  the 
price  of  a  man  unless  he  be  extraordinary  likely,  to  buy  Mr. 
Walter's  boy  alone  for  ;^20  if  you  can  or  to  give  ^^54  for  the 
three  at  most,  what  under  you  can,  if  you  cannot  purchase  him 
alone.  To  proceed  to  ;^34  for  Maj'r  Peyton's  two  boys  if  you 
can't  get  them  under  or  can't  hear  of  a  better  purchase  to  do 
for  me  as  for  yourself  in  choosing  and  purchasing. 

Ninthly,  To  pass  Haverton's  bills  away  in  the  purchase  of 
Negroes  if  you  Can. 

Tenthly,  To  pass  George  Boyce  his  two  bills  in  the  Purchase 
of  Negroes  or  any  other  swap  to  advantage  nay  though  with 
loss. 

Eleventhly,  To  pass  Corbett's  bills  of  £6  for  anything  to  my 
best  advantage  though  at  halves  or  for  any  truck. 

Twelfthly,  To  deliver  Gullock's  letter  and  to  take  bills  of  Ex- 
change for  Mr.  Brent  for  ;^5  and  the  same  for  me  in  your  name 
if  you  see  occasion. 

Your  Wff. 


52  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


June  20,  1682. 
Str: 

Mr.  Herriout  being  bound  your  way  I  could  not  miss  so 

fit  an  opportunity  of  Saluting  yourself  and  good  Lady  also  by 

the  same  to  present  mine  and  wives  humble  service  to  you  both. 

I  am  newly   returned  from  my  Nomany   and  Cherry    point 

journey  which  seemed  to  be  more  troublesome  in  Imagination 

than  I  found  them  in  the  Action.     Lincoln,  praised  be  Heaven 

and  his  good  friends  has  all  his  panick  fears  and  fearfull  petts 

&c.  removed.     Our  good  friend   Mr.  Mathews  spent  that  small 

time  I  had  to  converse  with  him  Rather  in  inquiring  names  than 

&c.  which  I  was  fully  capable  of  solving  him,  what  use  he  can 

make  of  knowing  mens  names  I  know  not,  it  is  too  deep  a  reach 

for  my  Shallow  capacity.     I  am  not  yet  able  to  acquaint  you  with 

Southern  news  by  reason  Jn*  Withers  is  not  yet  returned  whom 

I  every  minute  longingly  expect,  at  his  Arrival  do  hope  we  may 

be  together  to  communicate.     I  desire  you  Ml  signifie  what  plank 

is  ready  for  me,  that  I  may  take  care  to  get  it  home  yet  I  must 

beg  the  favour  of  you  very  speedily,  if  it  be  not  already  done,  to 

get  down  my  Walnut  Planks  to  Mr.  Peyton's  landing.     I  shall 

not  be  ungratefull  to  the  person  that  does  it  and  shall  esteem  it 

a  singular  favour  of  yours  to 

Wff. 
To  Mr.  George  Brent. 

June  27th,  1682. 
Mr.  William  Leigh. 

St'r:  Your*s  bearing  date  ist  June  about  a  fortnight  ago  I 
received  wherein  your  taxing  I  must  patiently  bear,  and  ac- 
knowledge my  fault,  yet  with  this  extenuation  that  want  of 
health  hinder*d  my  coming,  want  of  horses  my  sending  and  my 
dependence  of  finding  them,  hindered  an  early  care  to  provide 
another  to  send  to  you  which  I  hope  by  my  friend  will  be  admitted 
excusable,  and  sooner,  I  could  not  effectually  send  to  you  than 
this  opportunity  I  now  take,  together  with  what  effects  I 
could  raise  for  your  satisfaction  which  herewith  I  send  you  (viz.) 
Mr.  Robinson's  bill  for  £7,  10,  o,  Mr.  Fauntleroy's  for  ;^8,  10, 
Mr.  Storke*s  for  £2,  10,  and  Mr.  Herriots  for  jQ2,  10,  6,  which 
makes  in  all  ;{^2i,  00,  6,  which  is  all  the  ready  money  I  can  at 


LETTERS   OF   WILLIAM   FITZHUGH.  53 

present  procure  for  you  that  will  be  certainly  paid.  Sr.  I  have 
sent  and  indorse  two  bills  more  one  of  Thomas  Howerton  for 
;^3  Sterling  which  at  the  fall  will  be  certainly  paid  together  with 
that  bill  of  Coxes  for  ;^5  which  makes  in  all  ^^29,  00,  6.  I  like- 
wise send  you  Mr.  Leftidges  bill  due  and  payable  long  since, 
which  I  am  affraid  is  none  of  the  best,  I  am  sure  to  meet  at  this 
Distance,  it  is  not,  therefore  have  purposely  sent  it  to  you  well 
knowing  your  nearness  may  give  you  all  opportunities  to  secure 
it,  which  I  desire  you  to  take  care  in  for  me  and  when  obtained 
let  it  go  to  my  credit  in  these  bills,  the  remainder  due  is  £1,  11, 
6,  which  at  the  fall  I  shall  contrive  to  your  conveniency  together 
with  what  you  want  in  those  other  bills  (if  any)  which  I  hope  not. 
Sir,  I  desire  to  know  whether  you  continue  your  resolution  as  to 
your  Town  practice.  I  assure  you  I  continue  mine,  therefore  if 
yours  continue  both  Mr.  Brent  and  myself  shall  recommend  as 
before  intimated,  at  Town  what  clients  we  can,  together  with  our 
particular  business  to  your  care  and  management  and  please  to 
acquaint  me  in  what  myself  may  be  serviceable  to  you  and  you 
may  command  me.  I  have  herewith  also  sent  you  an  account 
ready  stated,  which  I  desire  you  to  sign  and  send  me  again.  I 
cannot  remember  your  employers  and  my  creditors  names,  there- 
fore have  left  a  blank  for  it  which  I  desire  you  to  fill  up  which 
may  be  for  my  future  justification  upon  the  mortality  of  either 
of  us.  Sr.  Here's  a  iriend  of  mine  in  these  parts  has  about  ;^ioo, 
Sterling  by  him  which  he  desires  to  lay  out  in  Negroes,  if  any 
good  ones  are  to  be  purchased  and  reasonable  in  your  Parts, 
please  to  signify  the  same  in  your  letter  by  the  bearer  and  I  shall 
acquaint  him  therewith.  Our  Parts  are  so  barren  of  News  that 
I  am  able  to  inform  you  of  none.  I  hope  your's  will  which  I 
dare  say  you'll  not  be  wanting  in  communicating. 

The  Messenger  goes  to  James  Town  therefore  may  be  engaged 
to  call  as  he  comes  with  some  considerable  concerns  in  it.  I  re- 
quest your  favour  of  delivering  it  yourself  or  sending  it  by  a  safe 
Messenger  who  may  bring  answer  back  from  him  to  you,  which 
you  may  please  to  deliver  the  Messenger  upon  his  return  back. 

Your  Wff. 
To  Mr.  William  Leigh, 

In  New  Kent. 


54  VIRGINIA  HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


June  27th,  1682. 
Mr.  John  Buckner. 

Sir :  I  have  enclosed  sent  you  bills  of  Exchange  ^^26,  10, 00, 
p.  bills  that  will  be  certainly  paid,  for  the  remainder  that  is  due 
to  you,  I  will  next  year  betimes  make  punctual  payment.  The 
reason  that  I  did  not  this  year  comply  and  that  sooner  was  by 
reason  of  Maj'r  Beverley's  money  not  being  paid  for  that  money 
I  purposely  purchased  for  your  conveniency  and  drew  bills  to 
Mr.  Brent  for  one  half  of  it  which  since  has  not  answer' d  with 
expectations  nor  your  payment.  I  hope  the  next  year  part  of 
it  may  do  for  the  Ballance  now  due,  but  if  it  should  not,  I  will 
be  sure  fully  to  satisfy  you  to  content. 

Also  I  have  herewith  sent  you  an  account  as  it  stands  betwixt 
us  which  I  desire  you  to  sign  and  send  me  up  inclosed  in  your 
letter  which  will  manifest  in  case  of  Mortality,  the  true  station 
of  Accounts  betwixt  us  and  if  you  please  a  little  news  will  be 
acceptable  to 

Wff. 
To  Mr.  Jno.  Buckner. 


August  2nd,  1682. 
HorCrd  Sir: 

This  messenger's  haste  will  not  admit  me  to  copy  out  that 
Breviate  for  your  Perusal  which  I  promis'd  you  and  therefore 
shall  take  the  first  conveniency  by  some  of  Coir  Jones  his  men 
which  will  not  be  long,  first  for  contriving  you  that,  together 
with  the  most  material  of  your  other  papers.  Yet  this  conve- 
niency give  me  this  opportunity  of  returning  you  thanks  for 
your  favours  especially  your  last  which  was  accompanied  with  a 
generous  promise  of  lending  me  the  second  and  third  part  of 
Rushworth's  Historical  Collections  and  his  tryal  of  the  Earle 
of  Strafford  which  I  earnestly  desire  you  will  please  send  me  by 
this  bearer  who  will  take  great  care  of  them  and  safely  convey 
them  to  my  hand.  Sr.  The  bearer  has  with  him  from  the  office 
a  Special  Warrant  ready  drawn  for  the  Govenour's  Signature 
in  behalf  of  Mr.  Richard  Gibson  against  Matthew  Thompson 
which  Mr.  Secretary  promised  me  last  general  court  to  get 
signed  and  has  since  assured  Mr.  Gibson  to  write  to  the  Gove- 


PROCLAMATIONS   OF   NATHANIEL   BACON.  55 

nour  about  it,  but  lest  multiplicity  of  business  might  occasion 
his  forgetting  y'  of,  Mr.  Gibson  desired  me  to  acquaint  you  that 
there  might  be  no  scruple  in  signing  it  My  earnest  desire  of  the 
perusal  of  those  Books  makes  me  not  fear  the  Impertinency  in 
Seconding  my  above  Request  about  the  Books  w"^^  shall  be  care- 
fully used  and  safely  returned 

by  Your  Wff. 
To  Esq.  Wormley. 

(to  bb  continued.) 


Proclamations  of  Nathaniel  Bacon. 

[The  following:  proclamations  were  issued  by  Nathaniel  Bacon  in  the 
codrse  of  the  memorable  insurrection  of  1676.  which  is  so  completely 
identified  with  his  name.  This  insurrection,  which  for  a  time  was  a 
successful  uprising  against  many  intolerable  wrongs,  preceded  the 
American  Revolution  by  a  century,  an  event  which  it  resembled  in  its 
spirit,  if  not  in  its  causes  and  results.  Bacon  is  known  in  history  as  the 
Rebel,  but  the  fuller  information  which  we  have  now  as  to  the  motives 
of  his  conduct  shows  tiiat  he  can  with  more  justice  be  described  as 
Bacon  the  Patriot.  This  fact  is  brought  out  with  special  clearness  in 
the  first  of  the  three  proclamations  which  we  publish.  He  headed  a 
powerful  popular  movement  in  which  the  sovereignty  of  the  people 
was  for  the  first  time  relied  upon  on  American  soil  by  a  great  leader 
as  the  justification  of  his  acts.  The  spirit  breathing  through  the  Decla- 
ration of  the  People  is  the  spirit  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 
written  a  hundred  years  later.  The  Appeal  to  the  People  of  Accomac 
has  a  more  local  significance.  The  people  of  that  county  had  been 
earnest  supporters  of  Berkeley  in  the  insurrection,  and  he  had  taken 
refuge  among  them  when  driven  from  the  western  shore  by  Bacon. 
The  originals  of  these  three  proclamations  are  now  in  the  British  State 
Paper  Office.] 

Nathaniel  Bacon  Esq' r  his  Manifesto  Concerning  the 

Present  troubles  in  Virginia. 

If  vertue  be  a  sin,  if  Piety  be  giult,  all  the  Principles  of 
morality  goodness  and  Justice  be  perverted,  Wee  must  confesse 
That  those  who  are  now  called  Rebells  may  be  in  danger  of  those 
high  imputations,  Those  loud  and  severall  Bulls  would  affright 


66  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Innocents  and  render  the  defence  of  o'  Brethren  and  the  enquiry 
into  o'  sad  and  heavy  oppressions,  Treason.     But  if  there  bee 
as  sure  there  is,  a  just  God  to  appeal  too,  if  Religion  and  Justice 
be  a  sanctuary  here,  If  to  plead  y*  cause  of  the  oppressed,  If 
sincerely  to  aime  at  his  Mat'**  Honour  and  the  Publick   good 
without  any  reservation  or  by  Interest,  If  to  stand  in  the  Gap 
after  soe  much  blood  of  o*^  dear  Brethren  bought  and  sold,  If 
after  the  losse  of  a  great  part  of  his  Ma'***  Colony  deserted  and 
dispeopled,  freely  with  o'  lives  and  estates  to  indeavor  to  save 
the  remaynders  bee   Treason   God    Almighty  Judge  and   lett 
guilty  dye,  But  since  wee  cannot  in  o'  hearts  find  one  single 
spolt  of  Rebellion  or  Treason  or  that  wee  have  in  any  manner 
aimed  at  the  subverting  y*  setled  Government  or  attempting  of 
the  Person  of  any  either  magistrate  or  private  man  not  with 
standing  the  severall  Reproaches  and  Threats  of  some  who  for 
sinister  ends  were  disaffected  to  us  and   censured  o'  ino[cent] 
and  honest  designes,  and  since  all  people  in  all  places  where  wee 
have  yet  bin  can  attest  o""  civill  quiet  peaseable  behaviour  farre 
different  from  that  of  Rebellion  and  tumultuous  persons  let  Trueth 
be  bold  and  all  the  world  know  the  real  Foundations  of  pretended 
giult,  Wee  appeale  to  the  Country  itselfe  what  and  of  what  nature 
their  Oppressions  have  bin  or  by  what  Caball  and  mistery  the  de- 
signes of  many  of  those  whom  wee  call  great  men  have  bin  trans- 
acted and  caryed  on,>but  let  us  trace  these  men  in  Authority  and 
Favour  to  whose  hands  the  dispensation  of  the  Countries  wealth 
has  been  commited;    let  us  observe  the  sudden  Rise  of  their 
Estates  composed  with  the  Quality  in  w"""  they  first  entered  this 
Country  Or  the  Reputation  they  have  held  here  amongst  wise 
and  discerning  men,  And  lett  us  see  wither  their  extractions  and 
Education  have  not  bin  vile.  And  by  what  pretence  of  learning 
and  vertue  they  could  soe  soon  into  Imployments  of  so  great 
Trust  and  consequence,  let  us  consider  their  sudden  advance- 
ment and  let  us  also  consider  wither  any  Publick  work   for  o' 
safety  and   defence   or  for  the  Advancem*  and  propogation  of 
Trade,  liberall  Arts  or  sciences  is  here  Extant  in  any  [way]  ada- 
quate  to  o"^  vast  chardg,  now  let  us  compare  these  things  togit 
[her]  and  see  what  spounges  have  suckt  up  the  Publique  Treas- 
ure and  wither  it  hath  not  bin  privately  contrived  away  by  un- 
worthy Favourites  and  juggling  Parasites  whose  tottering  For- 


PROCLAMATIONS   OF   NATHANIEL   BACON.  57 

tunes  have  bin  repaired  and  supported  at  the  Publique  chardg, 
now  if  it  be  so  Judg  what  greater  giult  can  bee  then  to  offer  to 
pry  into  these  and  to  unriddle  the  misterious  wiles  of  a  power- 
ful! Cabal  let  all  people  Judge  what  can  be  of  more  dangerous 
Import  then  to  suspect  the  soe  long  Safe  proceedings  of  Some 
of  o'  Grandees  and  wither  People  may  with  safety  open  their 
Eyes  in  soe  nice  a  Conceme. 

Another  main  article  of  o'  Giult  is  o'  open  and  manifest  aver- 
sion of  all,  not  onely  the  Foreign  but  the  protected  and  Darling 
Indians,  this  wee  are  informed  is  Rebellion  of  a  deep  dye  For 
that  both  the  Governour  and  Councell  are  by  Colonell  Coales 
Assertion  bound  to  defend  the  Queen  and  the  Appamatocks  with 
their  blood  Now  whereas  we  doe  declare  and  can  prove  that  they 
have  bin  for  these  Many  years  enemies  to  the  King  and  Coun- 
try, Robbers  and  Theeves  and  Invaders  of  his  Ma'**"  Right  and 
o'  Interest  and  Estates,  but  yet  have  by  persons  in  Authority  bin 
defended  and  protected  even  against  His  Ma****  loyall  Subjects 
and  that  in  soe  high  a  Nature  that  even  the  Complaints  and 
oaths  of  his  Ma"**  Most  loyall  Subjects  in  a  lawfull  Manner  prof- 
fered by  them  against  tho'  barborous  Outlawes  have  bin  by  y* 
right  honourable  Governour  rejected  and  y*  Delinquents  from 
his  presence  dismissed  not  only  with  pardon  and  indemnitye  but 
with  all  incouragement  and  favour,  Their  Fire  Arms  soe  de- 
structfuU  to  us  and  by  o"  lawes  prohibited,  Commanded  to  be  re- 
stored them,  and  open  Declaration  before  Witness  made  That 
they  must  have  Ammunition  although  directly  contrary  to  o" 
law,  Now  what  greater  giult  can  be  then  to  oppose  and  indeavour 
the  destruction  of  these  Honest  quiet  neighbours  of  ours. 

Another  main  article  of  our  Giult  is  o'  Design  not  only  to 
ruine  and  extirpate  all  Indians  in  Generall  but  all  Manner  of 
Trade  and  Commerce  with  them,  Judge  who  can  be  innocent  that 
strike  at  this  tender  Eye  of  Interest;  Since  the  Right  honourable 
the  Governour  hath  bin  pleased  by  his  Commission  to  warrant 
this  Trade  who  dare  oppose  it,  or  opposing  it  can  be  innocent, 
Although  Plantations  be  deserted,  the  blood  of  o'  dear  Brethren 
Spilt,  on  all  Sides  o'  complaints,  continually  Murder  upon  Mur- 
der renewed  upon  us,  who  may  or  dare  think  of  the  generall 
Subversion  of  all  Mannor  of  Trade  and  Commerce  with  o' 
enemies  who  can  or  dare  impeach  any  of    *     *     *     Traders  at 


58  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

the  Heades  of  the  Rivers  if  contrary  to  the  wholesome  provision 
made  by  lawes  for  the  countries  safety,  they  dare  continue  their 
illegal!  practises  and  dare  asperse  ye  right  honourable  Gover- 
nours  wisdome  and  Justice  soe  highly  to  pretend  to  have  his 
warrant  to  break  that  law  w*""  himself  made,  who  dare  say  That 
these  Men  at  the  Heads  of  the  Rivers  buy  and  sell  o'  blood, 
and  doe  still  notwithstanding  the  late  Act  made  to  the  contrary, 
admit  Indians  painted  and  continue  to  Commerce,  although 
these  things  can  be  proved  yet  who  dare  bee  soe  giulty  as  to 
doe  it. 

Another  Article  of  o'  Giult  is  To  Assert  all  those  neighbour 
Indians  as  well  as  others  to  be  outlawed,  wholly  unqualifyed  for 
the  benefitt  and  Protection  of  the  law,  For  that  the  law  does 
reciprocally  protect  and  punish,  and  that  all  people  offending 
must  either  in  person  or  Estate  make  equivalent  satisfaction  or 
Restitution  according  to  the  manner  and  merit  of  y'  Offences 
Debts  or  Trespasses;  Now  since  the  Indians  cannot  according 
to  the  tenure  and  forme  of  any  law  to  us  known  be  prosecuted. 
Seised  or  Complained  against,  Their  Persons  being  difficulty 
distinguished  or  known.  Their  many  nations  languages,  and 
their  subterfuges  such  as  makes  them  incapeable  to  make  us 
Restitution  or  satisfaction  would  it  not  be  very  giulty  to  say 
They  have  bin  unjustly  defended  and  protected  these  many  years. 

If  it  should  be  said  that  the  very  foundation  of  all  these  dis- 
asters the  Grant  of  the  Beaver  trade  to  the  Right  Honourable 
Governour  was  illegal!  and  not  granteable  by  any  power  here 
present  as  being  a  monopoly,  were  not  this  to  deserve  the  name 
of  Rebell  and  Traytor. 

Judge  therefore  all  wise  and  unprejudiced  men  who  may  or  can 
faithfully  or  truely  with  an  honest  heart  attempt  y*  country's 
good,  their  vindication  and  libertie  without  the  aspersion  of  Trai- 
tor and  Rebell,  since  as  soe  doing  they  must  of  necessity  gall 
such  tender  and  dear  concernes,  But  to  manifest  Sincerity  [sic] 
and  loyalty  to  the  World,  and  how  much  wee  abhorre  those  bit- 
ter names,  may  all  the  world  know  that  we  doe  unanimously 
desire  to  represent  o^  sad  and  heavy  grievances  to  his  most 
sacred  Ma**'  as  o'  Refuge  and  Sanctuary,  where  wee  doe  well 
know  that  all  o'  Causes  will  be  impartially  heard  and  Equall 
Justice  administred  to  all  men. 


PROCLAMATIONS   OF   NATHANIEL   BACON.  59 


The  Declaration  of  the  People. 

For  having  upon  specious  pretences  of  Publick  works  raised 
unjust  Taxes  upon  the  Commonalty  for  the  advancement  of  private 
Favourits  and  other  sinnister  ends  but  noe  visible  effects  in  any 
measure  adequate. 

For  not  having  dureing  the  long  time  of  his  Government  in 
any  measure  advanced  this  hopefuil  Colony  either  by  Fortifica- 
tion, Townes  or  Trade. 

For  having  abused  and  rendered  Contemptible  the  Majesty  of 
Justice,  of  advancing  to  places  of  judicature  scandalous  and  Ig- 
norant favourits. 

For  having  wronged  his  Ma""  Prerogative  and  Interest  by 
assuming  the  monopoley  of  the  Beaver  Trade. 

By  having  in  that  unjust  gaine  Bartered  and  sould  his  Ma^' 
Country  and  the  lives  of  his  Loyal  Subjects  to  the  Barbarous 
Heathen. 

For  haveing  protected  favoured  and  Imboldened  the  Indians 
against  his  Ma**  most  Loyall  subjects  never  contriveing  requireing 
or  appointing  any  due  or  proper  meanes  of  satisfaction  for  their 
many  Invasions  Murthers  and  Robberies  Committed  upon  us. 

For  having  when  the  Army  of  the  English  was  Just  upon  the 
Track  of  the  Indians,  which  now  in  all  places  Burne  Spoyle  and 
Murder,  and  when  wee  might  with  ease  have  destroyed  them  who 
then  were  in  open  Hostility  for  having  expresly  Countermanded 
and  sent  back  our  Arniy  by  passing  his  word  for  the  peaceable 
demeanour  of  the  said  Indians,  who  imediately  prosecuted  their 
evill  Intentions  Committing  horrid  Murders  and  Robberies  in  all 
places  being  protected  by  the  said  Engagement  and  word  pass' d 
of  him  the  said  S'r  William  Berkley  having  ruined  and  made 
desolate  a  great  part  of  his  Ma"  Country,  have  now  drawne 
themselves  into  such  obscure  and  remote  places  and  are  by  their 
successes  §oe  imboldened  and  confirmed  and  by  their  Confed- 
eracy soe  strengthened  that  the  cryes  of  Bloud  are  in  all  places 
and  the  Terrour  and  consternation  of  the  People  soe  great,  that 
they  are  now  become  not  only  a  difficult,  but  a  very  formidable 
Enemy  who  might  with  Ease  have  been  destroyed  &c.  When 
upon  the  Loud  Outcries  of  Blood  the  Assembly  had  with  all 


60  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL  MAGAZINE. 

care  raised  and  framed  an  Army  for  the  prevention  of  future 
Mischiefs  and  safei^uard  of  his  Ma^  Colony. 

For  having  with  only  the  privacy  of  some  few  favourits  with- 
out acquainting  the  People,  only  by  the  Alteration  of  a  Figure 
forged  a  Commission  by  wee  know  not  what  hand,  not  only  with- 
out but  against  the  Consent  of  the  People,  for  raising  and  effect- 
ing of  Civill  Warrs  and  distractions,  which  being  happily  and 
w'^'out  Bloodshedd  prevented. 

For  haveing  the  second  tyme  attempted  the  same  thereby, 
calling  downe  our  Forces  from  the  defence  of  the  Frontiers,  and 
most  weake  Exposed  Places,  for  the  prevention  of  civil!  Mischief 
and  Ruine  amongst  ourselves,  whilst  the  barbarous  Enemy  in  all 
places  did  Invade  murder  and  spoyle  us  his  Ma^'  most  faithfull 
subjects. 

Of  these  the  aforesaid  Articles  wee  accuse  SV  William  Berkely, 
as  guilty  of  each  and  every  one  of  the  same,  and  as  one,  who 
hath  Traiterously  attempted,  violated  and  Injured  his  Ma^"*  In- 
terest here,  by  the  losse  of  a  great  Part  of  his  Colony,  and  many 
of  his  Faithfull  and  Loyal!  subjects  by  him  betrayed,  and  in  a 
barbarous  and  shameful!  manner  exposed  to  the  Incursions  and 
murthers  of  the  Heathen. 

And  we  further  declare  these  the  Ensueing  Persons  in  this 
List,  to  have  been  his  wicked,  and  pernitious  Councellors,  Aiders 
and  Assisters  against  the  Commonalty  in  these  our  Cruel!  Com- 
motions 

S'  Henry  Chicherly,  Knt.,  Jos.  Bridger, 

Col.  Charles  Wormley,  W"^  Clabourne, 

Phil.  Dalowell,  Thos.  Hawkins,  Junior, 

Robert  Beverly,  William  Sherwood, 

Robert  Lee,  Jos.  Page,  Clerk, 

Thos.  Ballard,  Jo.  Cliffe,       '' 

William  Cole,  Hubberd  Farrell, 

Richard  Whitacre,  John  West, 

Nicholas  Spencer,  Thos.  Reade, 

Mathew  Kemp. 
And  wee  doe  further  demand,  That  the  said  S'r  William  Berk- 
ley, w'*"  all  the  Persons  in  this  List,  be  forthw'**  delivered  upp,  or 
surrender  themselves,  w^'^in  foure  dayes,  after  the  notice  hereof, 
or  otherwise  wee  declare,  as  followeth,  That  in  whatsoever  house. 


PROCLAMATIONS    OF   NATHANIEL   BACON.  61 

place,  or  shipp,  any  of  the  said  Persons  shall  reside,  be  hide,  or 
protected,  Wee  doe  declare,  that  the  Owners,  masters,  or  Inhabi- 
tants of  the  said  places,  to  be  Confederates,  and  Traitors  to  the 
People,  and  the  Estates  of  them,  as  alsoe  of  all  the  aforesaid  Per- 
sons to  be  Confiscated,  This  wee  the  Commons  of  Virginia  doe 
declare  desiring  a  prime  Union  among  ourselves,  that  wee  may 
Joyntly,  and  with  one  Accord  defend  ourselves  against  the  Com- 
mon Enemye.  And  Let  not  the  Faults  of  the  guilty,  be  the  Re- 
proach of  the  Innocent,  or  the  Faults  or  Crimes  of  ye  Oppressors 
divide  and  separate  us,  who  have  suffered  by  theire  oppressions. 
These  are  therefore  in  his  Ma^  name,  to  Command  you  forth- 
with to  seize,  the  Persons  above  mentioned,  as  Traytors  to  ye 
King  and  Countrey,  and  them  to  bring  to  Middle  Plantation,  and 
there  to  secure  them,  till  further  Order,  and  in  Case  of  opposi- 
tion, if  you  want  any  other  Assistance,  you  are  forthwith  to 
demand  it  in  the  Name  of  the  People  of  all  the  Counties  of 

Virginia 

[sign""]  NATH  BACON,  Gen'l. 

By  the  Consent  of  ye  People. 


Bacon's  Appeale  to  the  People  of  Accomack. 

Of  part  of  our  victory,  and  the  misery  of  your  own  and  S*^ 
W"  Berkleys  Condition,  your  selves  are  Judges,  how  unjust  your 
cause  was,  how  base  and  sordid  the  invitation  that  tempted,  how 
unheard  of,  his  and  your  manner  of  proceedings  against  yo' 
neighbors  and  friends,  to  invade  this  poor  Colony  and  bee  the  first 
beginners  of  Bloodshed  amongst  his  Ma***'  subjects,  for  hopes  of 
Plunder:  does  I  believe  by  this  time  gall  your  consciences  and 
reasons  to  reflect  upon,  and  consider  how  you  have  been  deluded 
and  gulled  by  that  abominable  Jugler:  whose  cheates  and  base 
Actions  you  are  all  acquainted  with,  and  whose  oppressions  you 
have  a  long  time  groaned  under,  which  that  you  may  more 
clearly  see  and  understand,  read  without  p'judice  and  consid'. 

Know  what  I  have  done,  has  bin  in  defence  of  his  Ma^"  in- 
terest (by  a  power  derived  from  his  Ma"~)  as  authentique  and 
immediate,  as  in  this  part  of  the  world  can  be — being  a  Com- 
mission signed  by  S'  W™  Berkley  att  the  request  of  yo'  Assem- 
bly, and  ratified   by  an   Act  of   Assembly,  whereby  the  said  Si' 


02  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

W"  Berkley  amply  and  fully  expresseth  his  confidence  of  my 
Loyalty  to  his  Ma"^  to  bee  one  of  the  grounds  and  reasons  of  this 
intrusting  mee  with  soe  great  a  charge,  which  doth  fully  and 
absolutely  acquitt  me  of  that  violence  whereby  hee  pretends  the 
Commission  to  be  extorted,  for  that  all  the  world  may  imagine 
that  noe  man  of  honour  in  his  place,  would  bee  compelled  to  Act 
against  reason,  soe  that  noe  reasonable  man  can  imagine  Com- 
pulsion otherwise  than  a  Ridiculous  Evasion. 

For  in  Taxing  mee  contrary  to  the  tenor  of  my  Commission 
hee  taxeth  himself  of  Treason  to  our  Soveraigne,  w*^  no  p'tence  of 
compulsion  can  excuse,  for  it  is  not  to  bee  supposed  that  his  Ma^'' 
would  intrust  either  a  Coward,  or  a  fToole,  soe  that  it  doth  neces- 
sarily follow  that  if  my  Commission  were  Just  and  granted  for 
reasonable  grounds  (as  by  the  tenor  thereof  under  his  hand  doth 
appeare)  then  the  Complaint  by  him  ag"*  us,  was  unjust  and  abom- 
inable or  if  I  were  what  hee  pr**°**  hee  doth  att  once  confesse  him- 
self both  a  Coward  and  a  Traitor  which  hee  very  well  knows:  and 
it  is  on  that  score,  that  by  his  folly  and  passion  together,  hath 
involved  himself,  and  this  poore  Colony,  in  such  a  Laborinth  of 
mine,  for  that  hee  very  well  knows,  that  hee  never  can  Answer 
what  hee  hath  done  before  his  Ma^^  should  his  doings,  and  what 
he  was  alwaies  desirious  of,  come  to  the  eares  of  our  Soveraigne 
Lord  (as  by  our  former  declaration  may  appeare)  for  he  knowes 
and  will  consider,  that  by  his  own  handwriting  all  his  accusations 
ag*'  his  Ma"""  Loyall  Subjects,  which  were  with  such  haste  dis- 
patched for  England,  are  frustrate,  when  that  it  will  appeare  that 
hee  hath  granted  me  Commission  of  an  Afterdate  to  his  Accusa- 
tion, hee  therefore  perceiving  that  all  his  damnable  Plotts  and 
devices  ag"  the  people  although  by  all  his  Artifices,  Lyes  and 
Juggles  must  of  necessity  turne  on  himselfe,  not  daring  to  trust 
himselfe  to  the  Justice  of  our  Soveraigne,  whose  interest  with  our 
lives  wee  have  defended,  resolved  rather  to  trust  his  Cause  to 
the  rash  Conduct  of  his  madd  party,  to  the  wisedome  of  a  dis- 
cerning Prince,  who  must  needs  count  him  unfitt  to  Governe, 
who  neither  had  the  principle  to  doe  what  was  just,  not  the 
courage  to  oppose  what  was  unjust. 

Again  consid'  also,  that  hee  has  Acted  beyond  his  Commission 
or  power,  granted  from  his  Ma**'  wh  impowers  him  to  Act  with 
foure  of  his  Councell  Jointly,  when  in  this  late  disturbance,  hee 
hath  had  but  Two  (Cole  &  Ludwell.) 


PROCLAMATIONS   OF   NATHANIEL   BACON.  63 

Againe  consid'  that  hee  Levyed  forces  without  an  Assembly  or 
the  consent  of  the  Country,  against  the  people  who  have  hitherto 
been  of  the  defensive  party. 

Lastly  consid'  how  closely,  constantly  and  diligently  wee  have 
acquitted  ourselves  of  our  trust,  and  taken  all  possible  advantages 
of  our  Indian  Enemy. 

Consid''  also  what  considerable  victoryes  wee  have  obtained,  in 
two  marches  ag*^  them  and  how  we  have  been  pursued  and  pro- 
secuted in  both. 

Consid''  also  what  ill  successe  hee  and  his  party  have  had,  and 
what  little  reason  you  have  to  boast  either  of  your  purchase  or 
any  your  attempts,  or  actions  in  our  Rivers. 

Gent. 

If  therefore,  sence,  reason  or  humanity  can  invite  you  (bee 
unbeguiled  betimes)  and  attend  what  is  seriously  spoken  to  you 
and  propounded  by  the  people  of  Virginia,  that  if  you  doe  within 
fHfteen  dayes  after  the  arrival  of  this  paper  on  y'  shore,  send 
some  of  y'  discreetest  persons  in  the  name  of  your  Countrey, 
to  make  us  sattisfaction  for  our  Losses  (which  by  your  Pyracyes) 
wee  have  sustained,  and  to  deliver  up  to  us  the  Ringleaders,  to 
bee  sent  into  England,  there  to  have  their  Tryall,  that  is  to  say 
Custis,  Stringer,  ffoxcraft,  Littleton,  as  also  shall  howrly  convey 
to  us  what  persons  of  our  party  are  there  detained  as  Prisoners, 
that  then  out  of  the  tender  desires  wee  have  to  p'serve  peace  and 
Amnity  among  ourselves,  that  his  Ma"**  Colony  might  not  bee 
ruined  by  yo'  rashness:  wee  will  rather  treat  w"*  you  as  Brothers 
and  friends  and  endeavour  that  our  sad  difference  may  bee  com- 
posed. 

And  that  this  action  of  y**"  may  be  reckoned  as  the  seducem* 

of  that  abomniable  Jugler  S' whose  oppressions  you  have 

formerly  known  then  any  wayes  revive  the  memory  of  it  to  the 
Breach  and  discontinuance  of  that  peace  which  wee  hitherto  have, 
and  ought  to  maintaine  (w*'*'  if  you  deny)  I  appealeeven  to  your- 
selves, if  you  can  justly  blame  us,  if  wee  prosecute  you  with  all 
extremity  of  warr,  to  the  utmost  of  our  powers,  which  you  must 
expect  from  them,  whom  nothing  but  your  own  folly  and  Injus- 
tice has  or  can  make  your  Enemies. 

Subscribed  thus, 

NATH.  BACON. 


64  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

List  of  Officers,   Sailors  and   Marines   of  the  Virginia 
Navy  in  the  American   Revolution. 

In  the  Supplement  to  the  Virj^nia  Gazette  of  July  5,  1776, 
is  printed  the  *'  Constitution,  or  Form  of  Government,  agreed  to 
and  resolved  by  the  Delegates  and  Representatives  of  the  sev- 
eral counties  and  corporations  of  Virginia  -y 

Then  follows : 

''The  following  are  the  appointments  under  the  above  Plan 
of  Government  :*' 
"  Patrick  Henry,  junior,  esq.,  Governour." 


"John  Page,  Dudley  Digges,  John  Tayloe,  John  Blair,  Ben- 
jamin Harrison  of  Berkeley,  Bartholomew  Dandridge,  Charles 
Carter  of  Shirley,  and  Benjamin  Harrison  of  Brandon,  Counsel- 
lors of  State." 


"  Thomas  Whiting,  John  Hutchings,  Champion  Travis. 
Thomas  Newton,  jun.  and  George  Webb,  esquires.  Commission- 
ers of  Admiralty/' 


"Edmund  Randolph,  esq..  Attorney-General.'* 


"  Thomas  Everard  and  James  Cocke,  esquires,  Commissioners 
for  settling  accounts." 

'*  GOD  save  the  Commonwealth." 


In  the  same  Supplement  appears  the  following  advertisement : 

**  The  commissioners  of  the  Navy  Board  will  meet  in  the  city 
of  Williamsburg  on  Monday  the  8th  instant,  to  enter  upon  the 
necessary  duties  of  their  office. 

Thomas  Whiting." 


VIRGINIA   NAVY   IN   THE  AMERICAN   REVOLUTION. 


65 


Under  the  above  appointment  of  the  Navy  Board  began  the 
work  of  water  defences  in  Virginia  against  the  attacks  of  the 
British. 

The  following  named  officers  of  the  Virginia  Navy  were  ap- 
pointed by  the  Navy  Board. 

Their  names  are  taken  from  a  number  of  lists  made  out  by 
John  H.  Smith,  and  published  as  Docs.  30,  31,  32,  33,  of  the 
House  of  Delegates  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Virginia  for  the 
Session  of  1833-34. 

Officers  of  the  Virginia  Navy   during  the   Revolu- 
tionary War. 

commodores. 

Barron,  James,  Brooke,  Walter, 

Boucher, . 

CAPTAINS. 


Barron,  Richard, 
Boush,  Goodrich, 
Bright,  Francis, 
Callender,  Eliezer, 
Carr,  Samuel, 
Elliot,  George, 
Green,  William, 
Harris,  John, 
Herbert,  Thomas, 
Lilley,  Thomas, 
Markham,  James, 
Parker,  William  H., 
Rogers,  George, 
Saunders,  William, 
Saunders,  Celey, 
Skinner,  William, 
Travis,  Edward, 
Thomas,  John, 
Underbill.  William, 
Wright,  Westcot, 


Wilson,  Willis, 
Watson,  Johannes, 
Barrett,  John, 
Calvert,  John, 
Taylor,  Richard, 
Sturdivant,  Joel, 
Cocke,  James, 
Conway,  Robert, 
Calvert,  Christopher, 
Cooke,  Robert, 
Deane,  William, 
Gutherie,  Alexander, 
Ivey,  William, 
Pasture,  John, 
Rogers,  John, 

Stephens,  , 

Sandford,  Lawrence, 
Thompkins,  Robert, 
Towles,  Samuel, 
Younghusband,  Isaac. 


66 


VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


LIEUTENANTS. 


Archer,  John,  or  Asher, 
Allen,  Thomas, 
Boush,  Charles, 
Barnett,  Jonathan, 
Barron,  Samuel, 
Barron,  William, 
Chamberlayne,  George, 
Cunningham,  William, 
Chandler,  Thomas, 
Christian,  William, 
Chamberlayne.  Phil., 
Chamberlayne,  Byrd, 
Cannon,  Jesse, 
Dougherty,  James, 
Dale,  Richard, 
Hamilton,  John, 
Herbert,  Bascow  or  Pascow, 
Humphlett,  Thomas, 
Jones,  Lewis,  Jr., 
James,  Michael, 
Kautzman,  John, 
Lightburne,  Richard, 
Lurty,  John, 
Montague,  Richard, 
Miilener,  Robert, 
Parker,  William  H., 
Parker,  Richard, 
Payne,  Merryman, 
Peitigrew,  John, 
Rust,  Benjamin, 
Richardson,  Daniel, 
Roots,  John, 
Singleton,  Joshua, 
Steele,  William, 


Saunders,  Joseph, 
Servant,  Richard, 
Tompkins,  Christ., 
Thrall,  John, 
Watkins,  James, 
Wonicutt,  Edward, 
Field,  Theophilus, 
George,  J,esse, 
Gray,  James, 
Lightburne,  Henry, 
Lightburne,  Stafford, 
Lipscomb,  Daniel, 
Larkins,  David, 
Blaws,  Robert, 
Cheshire,  John, 
Crew,  John, 
Cabell,  Absalom, 
Elam,  Robert, 
Gray,  Robert, 
Goffogan,  Laben, 
Harris,  John. 
Healy,  Samuel, 
Herbert,  Argyle, 
Jefferies,  Aaron, 
Jones,  Charles, 
Lattimore,  Edward, 
Messeures,  Francis, 
Morton,  Edward, 
Pollard,  Thomas, 
Richards,  John, 
Ross,  John, 
Richardson,  William, 
Speake,  Joseph, 
Taylor,  John. 


VIRGINIA   NAVY   IN   THE   AMERICAN   REVOLUTION. 


67 


MASTERS. 


Bennett.  William, 
Bonnewell,  Thomas, 
Corbin,  William, 
Moore,  John, 


Mercer,  Isaac, 
Tupman,  John, 
Buckner,  William, 
Payne,  John. 


vy 


MIDSHIPMEN. 


Ashly,  Warren, 

Biundon,  Seth, 

Bloxom,  Scarboro*. 

Broadwater,  Covington, 

Cotrill,  William, 

Currell,  James, 

Cook,  Dawson, 

Capes,   Beverly, 

Cannon,  Luke, 

Eskridge,  Edwin, 

Eskridge,  Samuel, 

Elliot,  Alexander, 

Fleet,  Henry, 

Henderson,  David, 

Howard  (or  Hay  ward),Thomas, 

Hall,  Robert, 

Hubbard,  John, 

Harcum,  Lott, 

Hughlett,  John, 

Holt,  Henry, 

Kennon,  Hawson, 

Kent,  Jesse, 

Moore,  Alexander, 

McWilliams,  Joshua, 

Muir,  John. 

Muse,  Jesse, 

March,  William, 

NuttalU  Iverson, 

Pierce,  John, 


Ashby,  Benjamin, 
Anderson,  David, 
Brown,  William, 
Boush,  William, 
Curtis,  James, 
Chamberlayne,  Edward, 
Dawson,  Thomas, 
Dove,  James, 
Epperson,  Richard, 
Foster,  Peter, 
Grant,  Thomas, 
Green,  James, 
Gordon,  Churchill, 
Harcum,  Henry, 
Harcum,  Rhodham, 
Hall,  Thomas, 
Hughlett,  William, 
Lane,  John, 
Mitchell,  Richard, 
Masterton,  Thomas, 
Massenburg,  Alexander, 
Marshall,  James, 
Neil,  Priesley, 
Parker,  Thomas, 
Powell,  Francis, 
Pope,  William, 
Patterson,  John, 
Read,  Francis, 
Robins,  Johns, 


68 


VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


Summerson,  Gavin. 

Shearman,  Martin, 

Saunders.  Richard, 

Stott.  William,     Lt.  ? 

Strother,  Benjamin, 

Taylor,  Benjamin. 

Tutt,  James, 

Waddy,  Shepleigh, 

Taylor.  John, 

Brown,  Georj^e, 

Washington, 


Stubbs,  John, 

Tyler,  Henry, 

Triplett,  Reuben, 

Turpin,  John, 

Wilson,  John, 

Wilson,  Samuel, 

Willis,  Henry, 

Webb,  Francis, 

Wray,  George,  Act'g  Mid., 

Wilson,  Joseph, 


SURGEONS. 


Chaplain,  Benjamin, 
Grear,  Charles, 
Hunter,  George, 
Livingstone,  Justice, 
McClurg,  Walter, 
Pitt,  John, 
Swoope,  John, 
Sharpless,  John, 
Snead,  Robert, 
Pell,  Joseph  S. 
Brown,  David, 


Bell,  William  Smith, 
Christie,  William, 
Carter,  William, 
Cheeseman,  Thomas, 
Griffin,  Corbin, 
Harris,  Simon, 
Johnston,  William, 
M'Nichal,  John, 
Reynolds,  John, 
Russell,  James, 
Riddle,  George. 


surgeon's  mates. 


Britain,  John, 
Banks,  James, 
Dobson,  Robert, 
Ferguson,  Robert, 
Gibson,  John, 
Hansford,  Cary, 
Jennings,  John, 


PILOTS. 


Ballard,  William, 
Bird,  Levin, 
Butler,  Thomas, 


Marshall,  Janifer, 
Murray,  David, 
Roe,  William, 
White,  William, 
Landrum,  Thomas, 
Lyons,  John, 
Chowning,  William. 


Goffigon,  Peter, 
Terrant,  Caesar, 
Webb,  Robert, 


Williamson,  John. 


VIRGINIA   NAVY   IN   THE   AMERICAN   REVOLUTION.  69 

COXWAIN. 

Simpson,  Hancock. 

GUNNERS. 

Amands,  Ambrose,  Gibson,  John, 

Allman,  William.  House,  William, 

Barnett,  Artax^s,  Longwith,  Burgess, 

Broadwater,  John,  Loyd,  Morris, 

Burk,  James,  Lumber,  William, 

Cook,  William,  Mears,  Bartholomew, 

Green,  William,  Rydman,  John, 

Gibson,  James,  Crabb,  John. 

gunner's  mates. 

Lumber,  Thomas,  Revel,  John, 

Downton,  William. 

CARPENTER. 

Burk,  John,  Flynt,  John, 

Cropper,  John,  Moss,  Starke, 

Evans,  Philip,  White,  Jacobus, 

Green,  William. 

MASTER-AT-ARMS. 

Simpson,  Salathel. 

BOATSWAIN. 

Bully,  John,  Philips,  Jacob, 

Lang,  Alexander,  Walters,  Isaac. 

boatswain's  mate. 

Johnston,  Joshua,  Stott,  William, 

Taylor,  Jabez. 

carpenter's  mate. 
Melson,  Levin. 


70  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

master's   MATES. 

Jones,  Lewis,  Smart,  Richard, 

PAYMASTER. 

Tucker,  Silas. 

QUARTERMASTERS. 

Bailey,  Laban,  Broadwater,  James, 

Price,  Ebenezer. 

STEWARD. 

Fields,  John. 

ARMOURER. 

Saulsberry,  Moses. 


Officers  of  Marines  of  Virginia  During  the 

Revolution. 

captains. 

Allison,  John,  Pollard,  Benjamin, 

Carr,  Samuel,  Arell,  John, 

Dick,  Alexander,  Cock,  John  Catesby, 

Foster,  James,  Hanway,  Samuel, 

Lee,  John,  Hamilton,  Thomas, 

Merewether,  Thomas,  Jones,  Gabriel, 

Peers,  Valentine,  Mitchell,  William, 

Madison,  Gabriel. 

lieutenants. 

Boush,  Charles,  Shields,  John, 

Brown,  Windsor,  Valentine,  Jacob, 

Burkhead  (or  Bankhead),  Jas.,    Moody,  James, 


VIRGINIA   NAVY    IN    THE   AMERICAN    REVOLUTION, 


71 


Merewether,  James,  Davis,  John  R. , 

K         Payne,  William,  Graves,  Richard  C, 

Quarles,  James,  Hogg,  Richard, 

Reynolds,  John,  Stratton,  Henry, 

Waller,  Edmund. 


iX 


NON-COMMISSIONED    OFFICERS,     SeAMEN    AND     MARINES    OF 

THE  State  Navy. 


Ashley,  William,  Mast.  Mate. 
Alexander,  George,  Seaman. 
Anderson.  Luke, 
Apperson,  Richard, 
Andrews,  Williams, 
Anderson,  Nathaniel, 
Abraham,  (a  negro), 
Ashburn,  Thomas, 
Banks,  James, 
Boyd,  Augustine, 
Bowman,  Christopher, 
Byrd,  Frederick, 
Brent,  John, 
Boston,  Thomas, 
Bartee,  Samuel, 
Bartee  William, 
Bush,  Samuel, 

Brown,  William,  do. 

Badger,  Jessee,  do. 

Bishop,  Joshua,  do. 

Bloxom,  Stephen,  do. 

Bailey,  Robert,  do. 

Budd,  Thomas,  do. 

Buker,  John,  do. 

Bennett,  Elias.  do. 

Bailey,  Southey,  do. 

Bowing,  Joshua,  do. 

Boush,  Jack,  do. 

Boush,  James,  do. 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Carp.  Mate. 
Seaman, 
do. 


Boush,  George,  Seaman. 

Bond,  James,  do. 

Boush,  Wilson,  do. 

Boush,  Daniel^  do. 

Boston,  (a  negro),  do. 

Brent,  Richard,  do. 

Brent,  Hugh,  do. 

Bailey,  John,  do. 

Bess,  John,  do. 

Bottom,  John,  do. 

Bowen,  John,  do. 

Bailey,  Thomas,  do. 

Bailey,  James,  do. 

Brumley,  Philip.  do. 

Brumley,  William,  do. 

Burns,  Christopher,  do. 

Brown,  John,  do. 

Coats,  John,  do. 

Corbell,  Fleet,  do. 

Corbell,  William,  do. 

Cassity,  John,  do. 

Casity,  William,  do. 

Caser,  Terrance,  do. 

Coats,  William,  do. 

Crowder,  Joshua,  do. 

Channing,  William,  do. 

Carter,  George,  do. 

Chandler,  Thomas,  do. 

Coleman,  John,  do. 


72 


VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


Chiles,  John,  Boatswain. 

Crane,  James,  Master. 

Chaine,  Shadrach,  Q.  Master. 

Cropper,  John,  Carpenter. 

Coats,  Edney,  Seaman. 

Coats,  Jesse,  do. 

Coats,  Raleigh,  do. 

Coats,  Thomas,  do. 

Cooke,  William,  do. 
Corbett,  Clem,    Ord'y  Seaman. 
Claiborne,  Nath'l,  do.        do. 

Claiborne,  Tho's,  Able  do. 
Cooper,  Willi'm,  Jr.,  do.  do. 

Charles,  Moore,  do.  do. 

Carter,  Philip,  Seaman. 

Clements,  John,  Boatswain. 

Cheshire,  John,  Master. 

Cox,  Anthony,  Seaman. 

Currell,  James,  do. 

Cox,  Edward,  do. 

Cottrell,  Thomas,  do. 

Cleverius,  John,  do. 

Cooper,  Henry,  do. 

Currell,  Spencer,  do. 

Currell,  Thomas,  do. 

Dykes,  John,  do. 

Dunford,  William,  Mate. 

Doggett,  George,  Carpenter. 

Dunton,  Severn,  Seaman. 

Dobson,  Robert,*  do. 
Doghead  (or  Doggett), 

Reuben,  do. 

Dudley,  John,  do. 

Dyes,  Richard,  do. 

Daniel  (a  negro),  do. 

Drake,  Augustine,  do. 


Driver,  John, 

Seaman. 

Den  by,  William, 

do. 

Denby,  Willis, 

do. 

Edward,  Ellis, 

do. 

Elliston,  John, 

Master. 

Evans,  John, 

Seaman. 

Edgcomb,  Thomas,  Able  do. 
Evans,  William,         Boatswain. 
Frazier,  Thomas,  C'k  &  Si'wd. 
Ferguson,  Robert, f     Steward. 
Flint,  Thomas,  Seaman. 

Fisher,  Isaac,  do. 

Fortune,  Gabriel,  Able     do. 
Fortune.  James,  Seaman. 

Fisher,  W^illiam,  do. 

Freshwater,  William  E.,  do. 
Fandry,  John,  do. 

Forrest,  William,  do. 

Fehdla,  John,  do. 

Gill,  Cuthbert,  do. 

George,  Daniel,  do. 

Glass,  Thomas,  do. 

Gibbs,  James,  do. 

Grant,  Thomas,  do. 

Grymes,  James,    Ord*y    do. 
George,  Samuel,  Seaman. 

Groton,  Charles,  do. 

Gunter,  John,  do. 

George,  Brister,  do. 

George,  William,  do. 

Gaston,  Benjamin,  do. 

Griggs,  William,       Q.  Master. 
George,  Samuel,  Seaman. 

Gaskins,  Thomas,  do. 

Hamminson,  William,       do. 
Hubbard,  Jesse,  do. 


♦Robert  Dobson,  rereiveil  bounly  as  Mate  in  the  Navy, 
t  Robert  Ferguson  received  as  Midshipman,  2.666^3  acres  of  land. 


VIRGINIA    NAVY    IN   THE   AMERICAN   REVOLUTION. 


73 


Hunter,  Thomas,  Seaman. 

Hinton,  Spencer,  Steward. 

Hunt,  John,  Seaman. 
Hutcheson,  William,         do. 

Hogdon,  Matthew,  do. 
Harcuin,  Elisha,  Able  do. 
Haywood,  Thomas,     Seaman. 

Hodges,  Joseph,  do. 

Harman,  Curtis,  do. 

Haw,  Peter,  do. 

Haywood,  Richard,  do. 

Hobday,  Francis,  do. 

Hill,  John,  do. 

Hail,  Edward,  do. 

Humphreys,  James,  do. 

Hughlett,  Garrett,  Steward. 

Hearn,  Francis,  Seaman. 
Herbert,  Thomas,      Carpenter. 

Jones,  Robert,  Seaman. 

Jenkins,  Richard,  do. 

Johnson,  William,  do. 

Jones,  Charles,  do. 

Johnson,  Isaiah,  do. 

Johnson,  Joshua,  do. 

Jennings,  James,  do. 

Innis,  Levy,  do. 

Jeter,  Clem.  do. 
Jennings,  Michael,    Boatswain. 

James,  Christopher,  Seaman. 

Joab,  Moses,  do. 

Kent,  Joshua,  do. 

Lee,  James,  do. 
Lavis,  Matthew,       Carp.  Mate. 

Lucas,  James,  Seaman. 

Lovewell,  William,  Steward. 
Lacy,  Edmund,       M.  at  Arms. 

Lewis.  Daniel,  Seaman. 

Litchfield,  Thomas,  do. 

Lowell,  Thomas,  Steward. 


Lane,  Thomas, 

Seaman. 

Lucas,  William, 

Clerk. 

Lewis,  Charles, 

Seaman. 

Mitchell,  Thomas, 

do. 

Moore,  Lot, 

do. 

Mott,  James, 

do. 

Moore,  Charles, 

do. 

Mason,  John, 

do. 

Marshall,  Joseph, 

Master. 

Marshall,  Kingston,      Seaman. 
Murray,  David,         Mas.  Mate. 

Miles,  William,  Seaman. 

Marriner,  Levin,  do. 
Mailey,  James,        Able     do. 

Murden,  Edward,  do. 

Maltimore,  James,  do. 

Mason,  Abel,  do. 

Malone,  Jeremiah,  do. 

Mairs,  Thomas,  do. 

Mills,  John,  do. 

Nelms,  Mendeth,  do. 

Nutall,  John,  do. 

Nicholson,  John,  do. 

Nicken,  Edward,  do. 

Nicken,  Hozekiah,  do. 

Northup,  Stephen,  do. 

Northup,  Joseph,  do. 

Oldham,  Samuel,  do. 

Overstreet,  John,  do. 

Oats,  William,  do. 

Opie.  George  H.,  Clerk. 

Owen,  John,  Seaman. 

Pluto,  do. 

Pumroy,  Esau,  do. 

Pritcheit,  George,  do. 

Pope,  Joseph,  do. 

Purcell,  Charles,  do. 

Palmer,  Thomas,  do. 

Parrish,  John,  Pilot. 


74 


VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


Pettegrew,  Richard,      Seaman. 
Prosser,  John,  do. 

Pope,  Thomas,  do. 

Paradise,  Merrit,  do. 

Pettigrew,  Abel,  do. 

Pettigrew.  Edward,  do. 

Procure,  Thomas,  do. 

Pope,  Thomas,  do. 

Peatons,  Solomon,  Able  do. 
Peter  (a  negro),  do.  do. 

Parker,  George,  do. 

Powers,  Jacob,  do. 

Piper,  William,  do. 

Powell,  Samuel,  do. 

Roberts,  George,  do. 

Rudd,  James,  do. 

Riggs,  William,  do. 

Rawley,  James,  do. 

Romas,  Adam,  do. 

Railey,  James,  do. 

Richardson,  William,  do. 
Richardson,  Solomon,  do. 
Rudd,  John,  do. 

Ransom,  Thomas,  do. 

Ransom,  Augustine,         do. 
Saunders,  Joseph,*  S'a'n  &  M*s. 
Sheerman,  Martin,        Seaman. 
Schofield,  Robert,  do. 

Stephens,  Joseph,  do. 

Stephens,  William,  do. 

Spann,  Thomas,  do. 

Skinner,  Elisha,  do. 

Sympson,  Hammock,  do. 
Sympson,  Salathiel,  do. 

Scott,  William,  do. 

Spratt,  James,  Able  do. 

Stuart,  Francis,  do.  do. 


Scott,  John,  Seaman. 

Smith,  James,  .  Able  do. 
Stanback,  Littti'be'y,  do.  do. 
Schofield,  William,  do. 

Tully,  Matthew,  do. 

Taylor,  Thoitias,  do. 

Tailor,  Jesse,  Sailor. 

Tankersley,  Benjamin,  Seaman. 
Thompson,  James,  do. 

Thatcher,  William,  do. 

Tate,  Jesse,  do. 

Tunnell,  James,  do. 

Taylor,  Jabez,  Boatswain. 

Taylor,  Daniel,  Seaman. 

Taylor,  Airs,  do. 

Turlington,  Laban,  do. 

Tankersley,  John,  do. 

Taylor,  Thomas,  do. 

Thomas,  James,  do. 

Tomlinson,  William,  do. 
Tomlinson,  John,  do. 

Tatum,  Thomas,      Carp.  Mate. 
Tom  (a  negro),  Ord'y  Seaman. 
Timberlake,  Richard,        do. 
Thatcher,  William,  do. 

Tunnell,  William,  do. 

Thomas,  Humphrey,  do. 
Walker,  John,  do. 

Weaver,  Elijah,  do. 

Watkins,  James,  Able  do. 
White.  Gillen,  do. 

Whorton,  John,         Boatswain. 
Watson,  Castillo,  Seaman. 

Warrington,  James,  do. 

Warrington,  Stephen,  Q.  Mast. 
Willis,  William,  Seamen. 

Winbrough,  Eburn,  do. 


*  A  Joseph  Saunders  received  land  as  Lieutenant  in  the  Navy. 


SPEECH   OF  SIR  WILLIAM    BERKELEY.  75 

Wilders,  James,             Seaman.  Williams,  John,  Pilot. 

White,  John,                      do.       Welch,  Patrick,  Seaman. 

Waterman,  James,            do.       Wiles,  Reuben,  do. 

Wallace,  Roger,  Ord'y    do.       Wood,  Thomas,  do. 

Wilson,  Henry,        **        do.       Wilson,  John,  do. 

Will  a  (negro).      Able    do.       Willis,  James,  do. 
Wilson,  Samuel,  Ord'y    do.       Whitehurst,  Sam'l,  Able  do. 

Wood,  Philip,                Seaman.  White,  John,  "      do. 
Wood,  John,                      do.       Ward,  Jno.  Wyatt,     "      do. 

White,  John,  Gunner. 


Speech  of  Sir  Wm.   Berkeley,  and   Declaration  of  the 

Assembly,  March,  165 1. 

[The  subjoined  Speech  of  Sir  William  Berkeley,  and  the  Declaration 
of  the  Assembly,  is  a  transcript  from  a  pamphlet  copy  preserved  in  the 
Library  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin.  Ireland.  It  being  impossible  to 
procure  the  pamphlet  itself,  a  manuscript  copy  of  it  was  ordered  for 
the  Virginia  State  Library,  where  it  is  now  deposited. 

The  Speech  and  Declaration  are  interesting  not  only  as  an  expres- 
sion of  one  side  of  opinion  in  the  great  political  crisis  of  1651,  when 
the  change  of  government  in  England  and  the  passage  of  the  first 
Navigation  Act  were  stirring  the  minds  of  the  Virginians,  but,  also,  as 
illustrating  incidentally  some  facts  as  to  the  condition  of  the  people  at 
and  before  the  time  of  the  speech. 

We  are  indebted  for  this  copy  to  the  courtesy  of  the  State  Librarian, 
Mr.  Charles  Poindexter,  under  whose  management  the  Slate  Library 
has  secured  a  valuable  collection  of  original  materials  bearing  on  the 
history  of  Virginia.] 

Gentlemen  you  perceave  by  the  Declaration  that  the  men  of 
Westminster  have  set  out,  which  I  beleeve  you  have  all  seene, 
how  they  meane  to  deale  with  you  hereafter,  who  in  the  time  of 
their  wooing  and  courting  you  propound  such  hard  Conditions 
to  be  performed  on  your  parts,  &  on  their  owne  nothing  but  a 
benigne  acceptance  of  your  duties  to  them. 

Indeed  me  thinks  they  might  have  proposed  something  to  us 
which  might  have  strengthned  us  to  beare  those  heavy  chaines 
they  are  making  ready  for  us,  though  it  were  but  an  assurance 
that  we  shall  eat  the  bread  for  which  our  owne  Oxen  plow,  and 
with  our  owne  sweat  we  reape;  but  this  assurance  (it  seemes) 


76  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

were  a  franchise  beyond  the  Condition  they  have  resolu*d  on  the 
Question  we  ought  to  be  in:  For  the  reason  why  they  talke 
so  Magisterially  to  us  is  this,  we  are  forsooth  their  worships 
slaves,  bought  with  their  money  and  by  consequence  ought  not 
to  buy,  or  sell  but  with  those  they  shall  Authorize  with  a  few 
trifles  to  Coszen  us  of  all  for  which  we  toile  and  labour. 

If  the  whole  Current  of  their  reasoning  were  not  as  ridiculous, 
as  their  actions  have  been  Tyrannicall  and  bloudy:  we  might 
wonder  with  what  browes  they  could  sustaine  such  impertinent 
assertions:  For  it  you  looke  into  it,  the  strength  of  their  argu- 
ment runs  onely  thus :  we  have  laid  violent  hands  on  your  Land- 
Lord,  possess*  d  his  Manner  house  where  you  used  to  pay  your 
rents,  therfore  now  tender  your  respects  to  the  same  house  you 
once  reverenced:  I  call  my  conscience  to  witnes,  I  lie  not,  I  can- 
not in  all  their  Declaration  perceave  a  stronger  argument  for 
what  they  would  impose  on  us,  then  this  which  I  have  now  told 
you:  They  talke  indeed  of  money  laid  out  on  this  Country  in  its 
infancy :  I  will  not  say  how  little,  nor  how  Centuply  repaid,  but 
will  onely  aske,  was  it  theirs  ?  They  who  in  the  beginning  of 
this  warr  were  so  poore,  &  indigent,  that  the  wealth  and  rapines 
of  three  Kingdomes  &  their  Churches  too,  cannot  yet  make 
rich,  but  are  faine  to  seeke  out  new  Territories  and  impositions 
to  sustaine  their  Luxury  amongst  themselves.  Surely  Gentle- 
men we  are  more  slaves  by  nature,  then  their  power  can  make 
us  if  we  suffer  our  selves  to  be  shaken  with  these  paper  bulletts, 
&  those  on  my  life  are  the  heaviest  they  either  can  or  will 
send  us. 

'Tis  true  with  us  they  have  long  threatned  the  Barbados,  yet 
not  a  ship  goes  thither  but  to  beg  trade,  nor  will  they  do  to  us, 
if  we  dare  Honourably  resist  their  Imperious  Ordinance.  Assui^ 
edly  Gentlemen  you  have  heard  under  what  heavy  burthens,  the 
afflicted  English  Nation  now  groanes,  and  calls  to  heaven  for 
relief:  how  new  and  formerly  unheard  of  impositions  make  the 
wifes  pray  for  barreness  and  their  husbands  deafnes  to  exclude 
the  cryes  of  their  succourles,  starving  children  :  And  I  am  con- 
fident you  do  believe,  none  would  long  endure  this  slavery,  if  the 
sword  at  their  throats  Did  not  Compell  them  to  Languish  under 
the  misery  they  howrely  suflTer.  Looke  on  their  sufferings  with 
the  eyes  of  understanding,  and  that  will  prevent  all  your  teares 
but  those  of  Compassion.    Consider  with  what  prisons  and  Axes 


SPEECH   OF  SIR  WILLIAM   BERKELEY.  77 

they  have  paid  those  that  have  served  them  to  the  hazard  of  their 
soules :  Consider  your  selves  how  happy  you  are  and  have 
been,  how  the  Gates  of  wealth  and  Honour  are  shut  on  no  qian, 
and  that  there  is  not  here  an  Arbitrary  hand  that  dares  to  touch 
the  substance  of  either  poore  or  rich :  But  that  which  I  woud 
have  you  chiefly  consider  with  thankfuUnes  is  :  That  God  hath 
seperated  you  from  the  guilt  of  the  crying  bloud  of  our  Pious 
Souveraigne  of  ever  blessed  memory :  But  mistake  not  Gentle- 
men part  of  it  will  yet  staine  your  garments  if  you  willingly  sub- 
mit to  those  murtherers  hands  that  shed  it:  I  tremble  to  thinke 
how  the  oathes  they  will  impose  will  make  those  guilty  of  it,  that 
have  long  abhor' d  the  traiterousnesse  of  the  act :  But  I  confesse 
having  had  so  frequent  testimonies  of  your  truths  and  courages, 
I  cannot  have  a  reasonable  suspition  of  any  cowardly  falling  of 
from  the  former  resolutions,  and  have  onely  mentioned  this  last, 
as  a  part  of  my  duty  and  care  of  you,  not  of  my  reall  doubts  and 
fears :  or  if  with  untryed  men  we  were  to"  argue  on  this  subject, 
what  is  it  can  be  hoped  for  in  a  change,  which  we  have  not  all- 
ready  ?  Is  it  liberty  ?  The  sun  looks  not  on  a  people  more  free 
then  we  are  from  all  oppression.  Is  it  wealth  ?  Hundreds  of  ex- 
amples shew  us  that  Industry  &  Thrift  in  a  short  time  may  bring 
us  to  as  high  a  degree  of  it,  as  the  Country  and  our  Conditions  are 
yet  capable  of:  Is  it  securety  to  enjoy  this  wealth  when  gotten  ? 
With  out  blushing  I  will  speake  it,  I  am  confident  theare  lives 
not  that  person  can  accuse  me  of  attempting  the  least  act  against 
any  mans  property?  Is  it  peace?  The  Indians,  God  be  blessed 
round  about  us  are  subdued;  we  can  onely  feare  the  Londoners, 
who  would  faine  bring  us  to  the  same  poverty,  wherein  the  Dutch 
found  and  relieved  us;  would  take  away  the  liberty  of  our  con- 
sciences, and  tongues,  and  our  right  of  giving  and  selling  our 
goods  to  whom  we  please.  But  Gentlemen  by  the  Grace  of  God 
we  will  not  so  tamely  part  with  our  King,  and  all  these  blessings 
we  enjoy  under  him;  and  if  they  oppose  us,  do  but  follow 
me,  I  will  either  lead  you  to  victory,  or  loose  a  life  which  I 
cannot  more  gloriously  sacrifice  then  for  my  loyalty,  and  your 
security. 

Vera  Copia  John  Corker 
Cler:  Dom :  Commons. 


78  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

This  speech  being  ended  the  pretended  Act  of  Parliament  was 
publiquely  read  in  the  Assembly  where  upon  (at  the  motion  of 
the  House  of  Commons  to  the  Governour  and  Councell)  this  fol- 
lowing vindication  was  unanimously  agreed  on. 

We  The  Governour  Councell  and  Burgesses  of  Virginea,  have 
seene  a  printed  paper  bearing  date  at  London  the  3.  of  Octob. 
1 65 1,  wherein  (with  other  Plantations  of  America)  we  are  pro- 
hibited trade  and  Commerce  with  all  but  such  as  the  present 
power  shall  allow  of:  We  likewise  see  our  selves  branded  in  it 
with  the  ignominious  names  of  Rebells  and  Traitors,  which  we 
so  much  abhor,  that  we  would  detest  our  selves  if  we  thought 
they  were  deservedly  imposed  on  us:  And  shall  take  leave  to 
thinke  we  are  unworthily  slandered,  till  stronger  proofes  then  we 
yet  find,  are  brought  against  us  to  convince  our  judgements  and 
Consciences  that  we  are  guilty  of  those  Horrid  Crimes.  Ther- 
fore  though  we  professe  that  our  judgments  and  industry,  have 
been  long  solely  and  necessarily  imployed  in  providing  against 
the  necessities  of  our  poore  families,  and  by  Consequence  should 
not  presume  that  any  Act  or  Transaction  of  ours  could  be  wor- 
thy the  publique  view:  Yet  since  the  plainest  vindication  of 
innocencie  is  accepted,  w«  shall  intimate  the  reasons  of  ours,  im- 
ploring charitable  and  abler  judgments  to  perfect  what  we  shall 
hint  to  them  in  our  answeares,  to  the  Aspersions  we  find  Au- 
thorised against  us. 

And  First  whereas  they  say,  That  the  Plantations  in  America 
were  seated  at  the  Cost  and  established  by  the  Authority  of  some 
in  England,  and  therfore  ought  to  be  governed  by  the  Lawes  of 
England. 

We  conceave  we  may  safely  confesse  all  this,  and  yet  not  run 
the  Hazard  of  any  misprision  of  guilt,  nay  we  thinke,  this  only 
testimony  of  theirs  were  sufficient  to  cleere  us  from  the  Asper- 
sions of  Rebells,  and  Traitors,  if  we  had  no  other  markes  of 
innocency  left  us:  For  we  say,  we  were  some  of  us  sent,  others 
permitted  to  come  hither  by  the  gratious  favour  of  our  Pious 
Kings,  sworne  to  governe,  and  be  governed  (as  farr  as  possible 
the  place  was  Capable  of)  by  the  Lawes  of  England;  which 
lawes  we  have  inviolably  and  sacredly  kept  as  farr  as  our  abili- 
tyes  to  execute  and  our  Capacityes  to  judge  would  permit  us, 
and  with  reason;  for  these  lawes  onely  in  such  times  of  tumults. 


DECLARATION  OF  THE  ASSEMBLY.  79 

stormes,  and  tempests,  can  humanely  prevent  our  ruines:  These 
lawes  often  enjoyned  u&  the  Oathes  of  AUegeance  and  Suprem- 
acy, and  they  tell  us,  that  no  power  on  earth  can  absolve  or 
manumit  us  from  our  obedience  to  our  Prince,  and  his  lawfull 
successors:  These  lawes  tell  us  that  when  we  have  don  all  we 
can  to  avoyd  it,  we  may  resist  violence  with  force,  and  in  a  law- 
full  defence  of  our  selves,  destroy  any  that  shall  endeavour  to 
take  away  our  lives  or  substance :  These  lawes  we  professe  are 
our  guides  and  do  beleeve  we  deserve  punishment  and  infamy  if 
we  willingly,  or  willfully  deviate  from  them. 

Secondly  suppose  we  were  such  slaves  by  nature  as  to  be  awed 
with  the  iron  rods  held  over  us,  in  what  hand  soever  found; 
would  not  then  themselves  thinke  we  deserved  the  worst  usage 
could  be  inflicted  on  us.  For  what  assurance  could  we  give  of 
our  new  Loyalty,  after  having  so  childishly,  and  impiously,  relin- 
quisht  our  old  AUegance?  Could  we  reasonably  repine  to  pay 
with  our  owne  sweat  and  bloud,  those  Garrisons  which  must  be 
kept  among  as,  to  fix  such  volatile  obedience  as  ours  would 
appeare  to  be  ?  For  as  the  Question  is  stated  to  us,  we  ought 
to  yield  to  whosoever  possesse  themselves  of  Westminster  Hall: 
Where  we  experimentally  have  found,  the  heads  of  divers  fac- 
tions and  pretentions,  have  presided  and  excluded  one  the  other; 
and  we  have  no  Oraculous  assurance,  but  it  may  be  so  againe; 
therfore  in  a  Condition  so  dubious  and  uncertaine,  as  ours  would 
be  (wherein  no  lesse  then  our  soules  are  concerned)  we  desire 
them  to  permit  us  simple  men  to  take  leave  to  follow  the  per- 
spicuous and  plaine  pathes  of  God  and  our  lawes,  &  that  they 
would  be  pleased  to  remember  that  good  charitable  Axiome  in 
them,  That  none  should  be  condemned  till  they  were  first  Heard. 

Thirdly  we  are  told  of  Great  summes  of  money  laid  out  on 
this  Country:  For  all  we  have  receav'd  we  are  most  thankfull: 
But  surely  it  will  be  no  evidence  of  ingratitude  to  say  to  whom 
we  owe  most,  &  this  must  needes  be  acknowledg'd  to  our  Kings, 
who  gave  liberally  themselves  and  permitted  Lotteries  to  be 
erected  for  us:  We  confesse  private  adventurers  added  much, 
and  might  have  enjoyed  the  fruit  of  it,*  If  the  first  blow  to  the 


*  In  the  yeare  1622  when  there  were  but  300  persons  left  alive  by  that 
Massacre. 


80  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL  MAGAZINE. 

Colony,  had  not  taken  from  them  all  hopes  or  desires  of  prose- 
cuting that,  which  they  so  earnestly  be^un;  But  certainly  what 
ever  their  liberallity  was,  we  should  have  avoided  it  more  then 
our  Rattle  snakes,  if  it  had  inevitably  made  slaves,  our  selves, 
our  wives,  children,  and  Posterity.  Since  the  Massacre  onely 
private  Marchants  have  adventured  hither  for  private  gaines,  and 
we  confesse  have  supplied  us  with  that,  which  we  could  not  well 
have  wanted,  but  this  we  suppose  would  be  no  convincing  argu- 
ment to  France,  Spaine,  or  the  Low  Countries,  for  their  subjec- 
tion to  England  because  these  severall  places  have  been  thus 
furnish*  t  by  her.  If  then  we  owe  any  thing,  it  is  to  our  Kings 
liberallity,  care,  and  protection,  and  we  beseech  you  give  us 
leave  to  pay  our  acknowledgment  to  them. 

Fourthly  we  are  told  of  usurping  a  Government  to  our  selves. 
We  wish  we  could  transmit  our  recordes  to  the  view  of  our 
accusers;  By  them  it  would  appeare  how  little  we  deserve  this 
imputation.  For  since  the  beginning  of  the  Colony  we  have 
never  innovated  nor  altred  any  thing  in  the  maine  of  the  Govern- 
ment :  But  in  case  we  had  done  it,  what  more  likely  Patrons 
could  we  chuse,  to  protect  us  then  those  who  accuse  us  ?  Grant 
we  had  banished,  confin'd,  imprisoned,  condemned,  and  executed 
those  that  refuse  to  obey  the  lawes  confirmed  by  many  consum- 
mated free  Parliaments ;  would  not  those  pardon  and  absolve  us 
who  have  done  the  same  to  others  that  have  refused  to  obey  their 
edicts,  whom  they  in  their  consciences  beleeve  they  ought  not  to 
acknowledg  to  be  a  Parliament  ?  Yet  the  truth  is,  we  have  done 
none  of  these  things,  no  man  here  ever  suffered  in  his  person  or 
estate :  Concerning  the  differences  in  England,  our  lawes  keepe 
them  in  belter  awe  then  to  dare  to  speak  against  the  Protector 
of  them  :  'Tis  true  indeed.  Two  Factious  clergy  men.  chose 
rather  to  leave  the  Country  then  to  take  the  Oathes  of  Allegeance, 
and  Supremacy,  and  we  acknowledg  that  we  gladly  parted  with 

them. 

Having  answeared  these  accusations,  we  appeale  even  to  their 
owne  judgments  that  produced  them  whether  we  deserve  those 
hatefull  names  of  Rebells  and  Traitors  :  But  we  believe  they 
will  still  use  them  to  us  and  others  because  those  Lucky  Bug- 
beares  of  Rebells,  and  Malignants,  have  frighted  divers  to  the 
desertion  of  honest  causes  :     Yet  being  (as  we  suppose  in  their 


DECLARATION   OF   THE  ASSEMBLY.  81 

owne  consciences)  free  from  these  imputed  crimes,  (though  very 
short  sighted  in  such  subtile  matters)  we  thinke  we  can  easely  find 
out  the  cause  of  this  excluding  us  the  society  of  Nations,  which 
bring  us  necessaries  for  what  our  Country  produces :  And  that 
is  the  Avarice  of  a  few  interested  persons,  who  endeavour  to  rob 
us  of  all  we  sweat  and  labour  for  :  Therfore  on  the  whole  mat- 
ter we  Conclude:  We  are  resolved  to  Continue  our  AUegeance 
to  our  most  Gratious  King,  yet  as  long  as  his  gratious  favour 
permits  us,  we  will  peaceably  (as  formerly)  trade  with  the  Lon- 
doners, and  all  other  Nations  in  amity  with  our  Soveraigne  : 
Protect  all  forraigne  Merchants  with  our  utmost  force  from  in- 
jury in  the  rivers  :  Give  letters  of  Reprisall  to  any  injured  with 
in  our  Capes  :  AUwaies  pray  for  the  happy  restauration  of  our 
King,  and  repentance  in  them,  who  to  the  hazard  of  their  soules 
have  opposed  him. 

This  is  unammously  consented  to  by  the 
Governour.  Councell  and  Burgesses 

Teste 

Ro  :  Huberd  CI :  Cons : 
Johan  Corker  CI :  Dom :  Com : 


82  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Abstracts  of  Virginia  Land  Patents. 

[prepared  by  w.  g.  stanard.] 

We  propose  to  publish  seriatim  abstracts  of  the  records  of  the 
original  land  patents  in  the  office  of  the  Register  of  the  Land  Office  in 
the  city  of  Richmond.  These  records  of  patents  begin  with  the  year 
1623,  that  is,  seventeen  years  after  the  foundation  of  the  first  permanent 
English  settlement  in  America  at  Jamestown,  and  only  a  few  years 
after  the  right  of  holding  private  property  in  the  soil  of  Virginia  was 
conferred  upon  societies  and  individuals.  With  the  exception  of  the 
patents  issued  in  a  brief  interval  before  1623.  the  continuity  of  grants 
of  the  public  lands  in  Virginia  from  the  earliest  period  of  its  history  as 
a  community  down  to  the  present  day  is  substantially  unbroken. 
During  the  time  the  affairs  of  the  Colony  were  in  the  hands  of  the  Com- 
pany, namely,  between  1606  and  1625,  in  which  latter  year  the  charter 
was  revoked,  the  condition  of  a  grant  was  either  meritorious  service 
of  some  kind,  or  the  emigration  of  the  patentee  to  Virginia  in  person, 
or  the  transportation  to  the  Colony  of  some  one  at  his  expense,  or  the 
purchase  of  a  share  in  the  Company. 

The  value  of  the  meritorious  service  was  estimated  by  the  Colonial 
authorities,  and  such  an  area  of  land  allowed  as  was  considered  pro- 
portionate to  it. 

The  purchase  of  a  share  gave  a  right  to  one  hundred  acres  of  land, 
which  was  increased  to  two  hundred  when  the  first  tract  had  been 
seated. 

Whoever  paid  the  charges  for  transporting  a  person  to  the  Colony, 
whether  his  own  servant  or  a  member  of  his  family,  or  any  one  else, 
was  entitled  to  fifty  acres  of  land,  and  this  was  the  usual  means  of  obtain- 
ing a  patent.  After  the  dissolution  of  the  Company,  the  acquisition  of 
title  by  meritorious  services  played  a  small  part  in  the  history  of  Vir- 
ginia patents.  The  head  right,  as  it  was  called,  that  is,  the  right  to 
fifty  acres  for  every  individual  brought  in  by  the  patentee,  became  the 
principal  basis  of  title,  and  continued  so  until  the  right  to  purchase  the 
public  land  with  money  was  established  in  the  early  part  of  the  Eigh- 
teenth century.  Throughout  the  Colonial  period,  however,  the  head 
right  remained  in  force. 

PATENTS. 

(i)  Richard  Stephens,  [i]  60  roods  in  the  corporation  of  James 
City,  [2]  at  his  dwelling-house,  "  that  others  may  be  encouraged  by 
his  example  to  inclose  some  ground  for  gardens."    Granted  1623.  I 

NOTES.  '**''^ 

[i]  Richard  Stephens  came  to  Virginia  in  1623  ;  was  a  member  of  the 
House  of  Burgesses  in  that  year,  and  a  member  of  the  Council   in 


ABSTRACTS   OF  VIRGINIA   LAND    PATENTS.  83 

1629.  Not  long  after  his  arrival  in  Virginia  he  took  part  in  the  first 
duel  in  the  English  Colonies,  wounding  his  antagonist,  George  Har- 
rison, so  severely  that  he  died  in  a  few  days,  though  one  contemporary 
letter  states  that  his  death  was  not  from  the  effect  of  wound.  He  mar- 
ried (as  is  shown  by  later  patents)  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Abraham 
Persey  (of  the  Council),  and  before  January,  1644-5,  as  at  that  time  his 
widow  had  married  Sir  John  Harvey,  Governor  of  Virginia.  Captain 
Richard  Stephens  had  a  son,  Samuel  Stephens,  of"  Bolthorpe,"  Warwick 
county,  who  married  Frances  Culpeper,  and  died  in  1670,  without  issue. 
His  widow  married  (11)  between  June  19th  and  21st,  1670,  at  which  first 
date  is  a  deed  reciting  that  a  marriage  to  Sir  Wm.  Berkeley  is  to  be  sol- 
emnized, and  at  the  latter  that  it  had  been  (Records  of  General  Court) 
Sir  William  Berkeley,  Governor  of  Virginia.  She  married  (III)  Colo- 
nel Philip  Ludwell  of  "  Richneck,*'  and  afterwards  of  *'  Greenspring," 
Berkeley's  seat,  which  he  acquired  on  his  marriage  with  her. 

In  1672  Governor  Berkeley  (in  letters  in  Sainsbury's  MSS,  Calendar 
of  Virginia  State  Papers,  in  the  State  Library)  applies  for  the  position 
of  Surveyor- General  of  the  Colony  for  his  **  brother,"  and,  again,  for 
his  "wife's  brother,"  Captain  Culpeper,  who,  he  states,  had  lived  a 
number  of  years  in  Virginia,  and  whose  father  had  lost  his  estate, 
liberty,  and  life  in  the  King's  service.  His  application  was  successful, 
Alexander  Culpeper  being  appointed  Surveyor-General  November  17, 
1672.  and  again  in  the  first  year  of  James  II. 

In  the  Diary  of  Mrs.  Thornton,  printed  by  the  Surtees  Society,  (which 
is  not  accessible  as  I  write),  are  several  notices  of  the  marriage,  about 
1650,  in  Virginia,  of  the  heir  of  the  Danby  family,  of  Yorkshire,  to  a 
Miss  Culpeper.  The  editor  states  that  she  was  a  niece  of  Lord  Cul- 
peper, and  it  seems  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  she  was  a  sister  of  Lady 
Berkeley. 

[2]  It  appears  from  the  patents  that  the  '*  Corporation  of  James 
City,"  before  the  organization  of  counties,  included  not  only  the  island 
but  Neck  of  Land,  Harrop  (afterwards  known  as  the  Middle  Plantation 
and  Williamsburg),  but  also  Paces  Paines,  on  the  south  side  of  the 
river. 


(2)  Thomas  Hothkrsoll,  [i]  of  Pashbebay,  [2]  Gent.;  200  acres  at 
Blunt  Point.  [3]  Head  rights.  Thomas  Hothersoll  (the  patentee), 
Frances,  his  wife*  and  Richard  and  Mary,  his  children. 

NOTES. 

[i]  John  Hothersoll  died  in  York  county  in  1679,  leaving  a  widow, 
Rebecca. 

[2]  Pashebay  was  the  Indian  name  of  the  section  of  country  on  the 
north  side  of  James  river  immediately  above  Jamestown.  See  Arber's 
Smith,  &:c. 

[3]  Blunt  Point,  which  still  retains  the  name,  is  on  the  James  river, 


84  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

in  Warwick  county,  not  far  below  the  Warwick  river.  Between  1700 
and  1800  it  was  the  name  of  the  estate  and  residence  of  the  Roscoe 
family,  and  an  armorial  tomb  of  "  William  Roscoe,  Gentleman,  of 
Blunt  Point,"  still  remains  there. 


•  (3)  Captain  Rawleigh  Crashaw,  [r]  of  Kiquotan,  [2]  Gent.;  an- 
cient planter,  *' who  has  dwelt  in  this  Colony  fifteen  years,  and  rendered 
many  worthy  services;"  500  acres  at  **01d  Poynt  Comfort."  [5]  His 
wife  is  mentioned  as  a  head  right.    Granted  1623. 

NOTES. 

[i]  Raleigh  Crashaw  was  probably  a  near  relative  of  Rev.  Win. 
Crashaw,  a  prominent  member  of  the  Virginia  Company,  and  of  his 
son,  the  poet.  He  came  to  Virginia  in  1608,  was  a  member  of  the 
London  Company  in  1609,  and  member  of  the  House  of  Burgesses  in 
1623.  When  the  massacre  of  1622  occurred  he  was  on  a  trading  cruise 
in  the  Potomac,  and  at  once  challenged  Opechancanough  or  any  of 
his  men  to  fight  him  naked,  but  the  offer  was  not  accepted.  Crashaw 
spent  much  time  among  the  Indians,  and  was  intimately  acquainted  with 
their  habits  and  customs.  From  his  first  arrival,  when  he  became  a 
friend  of  John  Smith,  he  took  an  active  part  in  the  business  and  defence 
of  the  Colony.  He  was  one  of  the  authors  of  complimentary  verses 
prefixed  to  Smith's  General  History,  and  the  latter  seems  to  have  had 
a  high  opinion  of  his  knowledge  of  Indians  and  Indian  warfare.  He 
was  married,  and  probably  had  issue,  as  Richard  and  Joseph  Croshaw 
(only  a  variation  of  the  name  Crashawj  were  prominent  men  in  the  ad- 
joining county  of  York  during  the  first  fifty  or  sixty  years  of  the 
Colony.  They  and  their  families  will  be  treated  of  under  subsequent 
patents  to  them. 

[2]  Kiquotan,  at  the  first  settlement  of  the  county,  was  the  name  of 
an  Indian  village  occupying  the  site  of  the  present  town  of  Hampton, 
and  until  (as  appears  from  the  records)  about  1680  was  the  most  com- 
mon name  of  the  English  settlement. 

[3]  It  is  worth  noting  that  as  early  as  1623,  this  well  known  place  was 
called  "(9/af"  Point  Comfort.  There  is  a  New  Point  Comfort  m 
Gloucester  county. 

(4)  John  Blow,  150  acres  on  last  side  of  *'  Chesapeake  Bay,"  on 
Old  Plantation  Creek,  [i]     His  wife  Frances  mentioned  1624. 

NOTE. 

[i]  Old  Plantation  Creek  is  the  present  Plantation  Inlet  in  North- 
ampton county. 

(5)  Sir  George  Yeardley,  Knt. ;  [i]  of  the  Council;  7  acres  and 
I  rood,  at  his  dwelling-house,  in  James  City,  1624. 


ABSTRACTS   OF   VIRGINIA    LAND    PATENTS.  85 

NOTE. 

[ij  George  Yeardley,  Gent.,  after  serving  some  time  in  the  Low 
Countries,  came  to  Virginia  in  1609.  A  contemporary  says  of  him  that 
he  was  "a  soldier  truly  bred  in  the  University  of  War  in  the  Low 
Countries. '*  He  was  a  member  of  the  Virginia  Company  1609 ;  Deputy- 
Governor  of  Virginia,  in  the  absence  of  Dale,  1616-7 ;  went  to  England 
in  1618,  and  in  the  latter  part  of  the  year  was  appointed  Governor  of 
Virginia  and  knighted.  A  contemporary  letter  (in  English  State  Paper 
Office),  dated  November  28,  1618,  stales  that  the  King  had  that  week 
knighted  Yeardley  at  Newmarket,  and  that  since  he  had  *'  flaunted  it 
up  and  down  the  streets  with  extraordinary  bravery,  with  fourteen  or 
fifteen  fair  liveries  after  him."  He  had  acquired  a  considerable  estate 
during  his  residence  in  Virginia,  and  seems  now  to  have  spent  it  freely. 
Pory,  writing  in  1619,  says:  **The  Governor  here,  who  at  his  first 
coming,  besides  a  great  deal  of  worth  in  his  person,  brought  only  his 
sword  with  him ;  was  at  his  last  being  in  London,  together  with  his 
lady,  out  of  his  mere  gettings  here,  able  to  disburse  very  near  three 
thousand  pounds  to  furnish  him  with  the  voyage."  Soon  after  his 
return  to  Virginia,  in  July,  1619,  he  summoned  at  Jamestown  the  first 
legislative  assembly  ever  convened  in  America.  His  commission  as 
Governor  expired  in  November,  162 1,  but  he  continued  a  member  of 
the  Council.  In  the  massacre  of  1622,  twenty  two  of  his  people  were 
killed  at  Weyanoke,  his  plantation  on  James  river.  September  18, 
1625,  he  was  appointed  Deputy  Governor,  in  the  absence  of  Sir  Francis 
VVyatt;  and  April  19,  1626,  appointed  Governor.  He  held  the  office 
until  his  death,  in  November,  1627,  and  was  buried  on  the  13th  of  that 
month.  His  will  (of  which  an  abstract  was  published  in  N.  E.  Gen. 
Hist.  Reg.  Jan.,  1884)  is  dated  October  12,  1627.  To  his  wife,  Tem- 
perence,  he  left  his  plate,  linen  and  household  stuff,  and  ordered  his 
notes,  debts,  servants  and  negroes  to  be  sold,  and  the  proceeds  divided 
into  three  parts — one  for  his  widow,  one  for  elder  son,  Argall.  and  the 
third  to  be  divided  between  his  son  Francis  and  daughter  Elizabeth. 
He  also  left  a  large  estate  in  land.  The  cultivation  of  tobacco  was 
commenced  and  negroes  were  introduced  during  his  government,  two 
things  destined  to  effect  most  deeply  and  through  centuries  the  Colony 
and  State  of  Virginia  and  all  the  American  continent.  He  was  fre- 
quently engaged  in  conflicts  with  the  Indians.  In  1616  he  defeated  the 
Chickahominies,  and  in  1622,  with  300  men,  devastated  the  country  of 
the  Nansemonds.  Yeardley  was  an  amiable  and  upright  man,  and 
anxious  to  advance  the  prosperity  of  the  colonists,  among  whom  he 
was  much  respected,  and  his  administration  was  popular.     He  married 

Temperence ,  and  had  issue :     I.  Colonel  Argall,  born  1605 ;  settled 

io  Northampton  county;  member  of  the  Council  1644-5;  married  about 

1650  Sarah ,  daughter  of  John  Custis,  of  Northampton  county ;  died 

about  1670,  while  sheriff  of  Northampton.     His  son  Argall  patented 


86  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE* 

in  Northampton  1670.  II.  Colonel  Francis,  of  Northampton  county, 
and  afterwards  of  Lower  Noi'folk,  was  appointed,  in  1652,  a  member  of 
the  Maryland  Council,  but  soon  returned  to  Virginia,  and  was  Burgess 
for  Lower  Norfolk  1653.  He  was  married  before  1654  to  Sarah,  widow 
of  Captain  John  Gookin,  and  before  of  Captain  Adam  Thoroughgood. 
In  1654  he  wrote  a  long  letter  to  John  Ferrar,  at  Little  Gidding,  Hunt- 
ingdonshire, Eng.,  describing  his  recent  exploration  of  the  country  to 
the  south  of  Virginia.  It  was  printed  in  Thurloe's  State  Papers,  and 
has  been  several  times  republished.  He  d.  s.  p.  III.  Elizabeth,  born 
1603.  Sir  George  Yeardley  had  a  brother,  Ralph  Yeardley,  apothecary, 
of  London.  A  Robert  Yeardley,  who  at  a  later  date  was  a  vestryman 
of  Pe^sworth  Parish,  Gloucester  county,  was  doubtless  a  descendant  of 
Sir  George. 

(6)  Captain  Roger  Smith,  [i]  Esquire,  of  the  Council;  4  acres  in 
James  City,  near  his  dwelling-house,  1624. 

NOTE. 

[i]  Captain  Roger  Smith,  who  Niell  (Virginia  Carolorum)  thinks  was 
probably  a  son  of  John  Smith,  Esq.,  of  Nibley,  Gloucestershire,  after 
serving  twelve  years  in  the  Low  Countries,  came  to  Virginia  in 
1620,  and  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Council  1621.  His  wife* 
Joane,  is  mentioned  January,  1624-5. 


(7)  Captain  Ralph  Hamor,  [i]  Esq.,  of  the  Council;  lyi  acres, 
near  his  dwelling-house  in  James  City,  1624. 

NOTE. 

[i]  Ralph  Hamor,  supposed  to  be  a  son  of  Ralph  Hamor,  of  London 
(both  were  members  of  the  London  Company  1609),  came  to  Virginia 
in  1609.  Several  years  after  he  went  to  England,  and  published,  in 
1615,  "A  True  Discourse  of  the  Present  State  of  Virginia  " ;  returned 
to  Virginia  in  161 7  as  Vice-Admiral  to  Argall ;  was  appointed  member 
of  the  Council  1621.  In  the  massacre  of  1622,  he  was  attacked  by  the 
Indians  near  a  new  house  he  was  having  built,  but  with  a  few  others 
drove  them  off  with  bricks,  spades,  picks,  &c.  His  brother,  Thomas 
Hamor,  who  lived  near  by,  also  escaped,  but  was  wounded.  Ralph 
Hamor  married  a  widow,  Elizabeth  Clements,  and  died,  1626,  in  Vir- 
ginia. 

(8)  George  Menefv,  [i]  Merchant;  3  roods  and  20  poles,  near  his 
dwelling  house  in  James  City,  1624. 

note. 

[i]  George  Menifie  came  to  Virginia  1623 ;  Burgess  for  James  City 
county  1629;  member  of  the  Council  1635-45.  He  was  a  very  success- 
ful merchant,  and  acquired  a  large  estate.  In  1634  he  lived  at  "  Little- 
ton," on  James  river,  not  very  far  below  Jamestown.     His  large  garden 


ABSTRACTS   OF   VIRGINIA   LAND   PATENTS.  87 

"  contained  fruits  of  Holland  and  Roses  of  Provence  "  ;  his  orchard 
was  planted  with  apple,  pear  and  cherry  trees,  and  he  cultivated  here 
the  first  peach  trees  introduced  into  America.  Around  the  house  grew, 
in  the  fashion  of  the  time,  rosemary,  thyme  and  marjoram.  He  took  a 
L         prominent  part  in  the  deposition  of  Governor  Harvey. 

(9)  Captain  John  Harvey,  [i]  Esq.;  6yi  apres  in  James  City.  Head 
right:  JohnSinneth,  who  came  1624. 

NOTE. 

[i]  John  Harvey,  of  Lyme  Regis.  Dorset,  was  captain  of  a  ship  in 
the  East  Indies  1617-19;  came  to  Virginia  early  in  1624,  as  one  of  the 
commissioners  appointed  by  the  King  to  examine  into  the  condition  of 
the  Colony ;  appointed  member  of  the  Council  August,  1624  ;  shortly 
after  returned  to  England,  and  in  November,  1625.  commanded  a  ship 
in  the  expedition  against  Cadiz;  continued  to  serve  in  the  navy  for 
several  years ;  he  was  appointed  Governor  of  Virginia,  knighted,  and 
arrived  in  the  Colony  early  in  1630.  Harvey  was  unprincipled,  avari- 
cious and  tyrannical,  and  soon  incurred  the  dislike  of  the  entire  Colony. 
In  April,  1635,  he  caused  several  prominent  men  to  be  arrested  and 
ironed  for  having  denounced  his  measures,  and  the  Council  determined 
not  to  submit  longer  to  his  illegal  and  arbitrary  conduct,  and  arrested 
him.  In  a  few  days,  after  consultation  with  the  Burgesses,  they  sent 
Harvey  to  England,  and  Captain  John  West  was  chosen  Governor. 
The  King  was  very  indignant  at  such  an  exhibition  of  popular  sover- 
eignty, had  the  representatives  of  the  Council  and  Burgesses  im- 
prisoned, and  West,  Matthews  and  Menifie  were  ordered  to  come  to 
England  and  answer  for  it.  Nothing,  however,  came  of  any  charges 
against  them.  Harvey  was  again  sent  to  Virginia  as  Governor,  arrived 
in  January^  1636-7,  and  held  the  office  until  the  fall  of  1639. 


(10)  John  Chew,  [i]  Merchant;  i  rood,  9  poles,  near  his  dwelling- 
house  in  James  City,  1624. 

note. 

[i]  John  Chew,  said  to  have  been  of  a  Somersetshire,  England 
family,  came  to  Virginia  in  1620,  and  became  one  of  the  leading  mer- 
chants; in  1636  Governor  Hawley  mentions  him  as  one  of  the  **  ablest 
merchants  "  in  Virginia ;  settled  first  at  Hog  Island,  and  was  Burgess 
for  that  place  1623,  16:^4,  1629;  for  York  county,  1642,  1643,  1644. 
About  the  latter  date  he  removed  to  Maryland,  and  settled  in  Anne 

Arundel  countv.    He  married  in  or  before  1624,  Sarah ,  and  had 

issue:  I  SamueP,  of"  Henington,"  Maryland,  a  justice  of  the  chancery 
and  provincial  courts  of  that  Colony  and  member  of  the  House  of 
Burgesses  until  his  death,  in  1676;  married  Anne  Ayres.  II  Joseph*,  of 
Anne  Arundel  county,  Maryland  ;  married  daughter  of  Mr.  Larkin,  of 
Annapolis.    Ill  John'  IV,  V,  VI.    Samuel  and  Anne  (Ayres)  Chew  had 


83  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

many  children,  of  whom  the  fifth  son,  Benjamin*,  married  Eliz.  Ben- 
son, and  had  Dr.  Samuel^  of  "  Maidstone,"  near  Annapolis;  bom 
about  i6qo;  died  June  i6,  1744;  Chief-Justice  of  The  Three  Lower 
Counties  on  the  Delaware;  married,  ist,  Mary  Galloway ;  2d,  Mary, 
widow  of  Richard  Galloway.  Seven  of  his  children  died  in  infancy,  and 
the  survivors  were  :  I  Elizabeth*;  married  Colonel  Tilghman  of  "  Wye." 
II  Ann*  married  Samuel  Galloway.  Ill  Samuel*,  Attorney-General 
and  Chief-Justice  of  Delaware.  IV  Benjamin*,  of  ** Cliveden,*'  at 
Germantown.  Pennsylvania  (the  '*Chew  House,"  so  well  known  in 
connection  with  the  battle);  member  of  the  Council,  Attorney- General, 
and  appointed  Chief-Justice  of  that  colony  1774;  displaced  during  the 
Revolution,  but  in  1791  appointed  President  of  the  High  Court  of  Er- 
rors and  Appeals  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania;  was  highly  distin- 
guished as  a  jurist ;  married,  ist,  Mary  Galloway  ;  2d,  Eliz.  Oswald. 
Had  issue  (ist,  marriage):  I  Dau^  married  Edward  Tilghman,  a  dis- 
tinguished lawyer  of  Philadelphia.  Ill  Mary*  married  Alex  Wilcocks, 
and  had  (i)  Ann';  married  Joseph  Reed  IngersoU,  Minister  to  Great 
Britain;  (2d,  married.)  Ill  Margaret'  married  Colonel  John  Eager 
Howard,  Governor  of  Maryland.  IV  Harriett,  married  Charles  Carroll, 
only  son  of  Charles  Carroll  of  Carrollton,  and  was  grandmother  of 
John  Lee  Carroll,  Governor  of  Maryland.  V  Dau*.  married  Phillips, 
an  Englishman.  VI  Dau^  married  Micklin,  an  Englishman,  and  had 
(i)  Dau'.  married  George  M.  Dallas.  Vice-President  United  States,  and 
Minister  to  Russia.  VII  Benjamin*.  Jr,,  of  '*  Cliveden,"  married  Ban- 
ning and  had  issue.  I  Benjamin'  an  officer  in  war  of  1812.  II  Dau.^ 
married  James  Murray  Mason,  United  States  Senator.  Ill  Samuel',  a 
prominent  lawyer  d.  s.  p.  IV  John',  officer  in  United  States  Navy; 
served  gallantly  and  d.  s.  p.  at  sea.  V  William',  charge  d* Affaires  to 
Russia  d.  s.  p.  VI  Henry  Banning'  of  '*  Epsom/*  Maryland;  married 
daughter  Charles  Ridgeley  of  **  Hampton,"  Governor  of  Maryland. 
VII  Ann  Penn.',  Henry  Banning'  and  (Ridgley)  Chew  had  issue:  I 
Charles*  of  "Epsom."  II  Benjamin*  of  "Cliveden."  Ill  Samuel  of 
*'  Cliveden,"  married  daughter  of  David  S.  Brown  of  Philadelphia. 


(11)  John  Pott,  Esq.,  [i]  Doctor  of  Phy.sjc,  of  the  Council ;  3  acres, 
near  his  dwelling  house  in  James  City,  16^4. 

NOTE, 

[i]  Dr.  John  Pott  was  appointed,  November  16,  1621,  "Physician 
to  the  Company  "  and  member  of  the  Council,  on  the  recommendation 
of  the  distinguished  physician  Gulstone,  who  spoke  of  him  as  a 
Master  of  Arts  and  "well  practiced  in  Chirurgerie  and  Physique." 
He  came  to  Virginia  in  1620  with  his  wife,  Elizabeth.  He  was  elected 
Governor  by  the  Council  in  1628,  and  held  the  office  until  1629.  In 
1630  was  convicted  of  cattle  stealing,  though  it  would  seem  from  the 
records  that  he  claimed  the  cattle  as  his  own.     In  consideration  of  his 


ABSTRACTS   OF   VIRGINIA    LAND    PATENTS.  89 

*' quality  and  practice,"  judgment  was  suspended  until  the  King's 
pleasure  could  be  known.  His  wife  went  to  England  to  intercede  for 
him,  and  the  Privy  Council  declared  his  sentence  to  be  very  rigorous, 
and  recommended  his  pardon.  He  appears  to  have  been  a  jovial, 
easy-going  man,  fond  of  company  and  of  liquor.  He  had  a  plantation 
called  Harrop,  on  the  present  site  of  Williamsburg.  Dr.  Potts  appears 
to  have  died  without  issue,  as  in  the  Land  Books  1642, there  is  mention 
of  500  acres  of  land  bought  by  Richard  Brewster  from  Captain  Francis 
Pott,  his  brother  and  heir.  His  brother,  Francis  Pott,  was  for  a  time 
commander  of  the  fort  at  Pt.  Comfort,  was  imprisoned  by  Harvey  for 
opposing  him,  and  when  sent  to  England  with  Thomas  Harwood  by 
the  colonists,  to  explain  Harvey's  deposition,  was  arrested  and  kept 
for  a  while  a  prisoner  in  the  Fleet.  He  returned  to  Virginia,  and  with 
his  nephew,  John  Pott,  had  a  plantation  at  Magothy  Bay,  Accomac.  in 
1647.    A  Francis  Pott  was  sheriff  of  Accomac  1654. 


(12)  William  Spencer,  [i]  of  James  City,  Yeoman  and  Ancient 
Planter;  12  acres  in  James  City,  **  a  narrow  ridge  towards  Goose 
Hill,"  [2]  1624. 

NOTES. 

[i]  William  Spencer  was  Burgess  for  Mulberry  Island  in  1623.  In 
1624-5  he  had  a  wife,  Alice,  and  a  daughter,  Alice,  born  1620. 

[2]  Goose  Hill,  at  the  lower  end  of  Jamestown  Island,  and  still  bears 
the  name. 


(13)  John  Lvtefoot,  Old  Planter,  who  came  in  the  time  of  Sir 
Thomas  Gates,  a  lot  in  James  City,  1624. 


(14)  Thomas  Passmore,  of  James  City,  Carpenter;  12  acres  in 
James  City,  1624. 

(15)  Mary,  wife  of*Gabriel  Holland,  [i]  of  James  City,  Yeoman  ;  12 
acres  in  James  City,  formerly  property  of  her  first  husband,  William 
Prince  als.  William  Jones,  and  willed  to  her,  1624. 

NOTE. 

[i]  Gabriel  Holland  was  a  Burgess  1623. 


(16)  Thomas  Sully,  of  Neck  of  Land,  in  the  corporation  of  James 
City,  Yeoman,  and  Ancient  Planter;  6  acres,  1624. 


r 


(17)  George  Sandys,  Esq.,  [i]  Treasurer  in  Virginia;  300  acres,  on 
the  other  side  of  the  river  opposite  to  James  City.  Head  rights :  Ser- 
vants who  arrived  from  the  Summer  Isles  in  162 1 ;  William  Rij^ht,  Wil- 
liam Haynes.  Jun.,  William  Smith  and  George  Green.  1624  A  neigh- 
boring patent  to  Edward  Grindon  [2]  is  mentioned. 


90  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

NOTES. 

[i]  George  Sandys,  born  March  7,  1577,  was  the  youngest  son  of 
Edwin,  Archbishop  of  York.  After  finishing  his  education  at  Oxfo/d, 
he  made  a  long  journey  through  Europe  and  the  East,  of  which  he  pub- 
lished an  account  in  1615.  This  work  was  so  popular  as  to  reach  a 
seventh  edition  in  1673.  He  was  appointed  Treasurer  of  Virginia  and 
member  of  the  Council  in  1621,  and  came  to  the  Colony  in  that  year, 
having  1,500  acres  of  land  and  50  tenants  allotted  to  himj  While  in 
Virginia,  and  in  part  during  the  terror  and  confusion  following  the  mas- 
sacre of  1622,  he  translated  part  of  Ovid's  Metamorphoses  and  the 
first  book  of  ^neid,  being  the  first  poetry  written  in  America.  These 
he  published  in  1626.  His  reputation  as  a  poet  and  translator  stood 
high,  and  he  has  been  praised  by  Dryden,  Pope  and  Montgomery. 
He  died  at  the  house  of  his  niece,  the  widow  of  Sir  Francis  Wyatt,  and 
was  buried  at  Bexley  Abbey,  Kent,  March  7,  1643. 

[2I  Edward  Grindon,  Burgess  1623-4,  was  doubtless  father  or  other 
relative  of  Thomas  Grindon,  who  was  Burgess  for  "Smythe's  Mt.,  the 
other  side  of  the  water,  and  Hog  Island,"  1622-3.  (These  places  were 
in  the  immediate  neighborhood  of  Ed.  Grindon*s  patent,)  This  Thos. 
Grindon  married  Eliz.,  widow  of  Captain  Thomas  Stegg,  the  first,  (she 
married,  2d,  Edward  Braine),  and  had  Lieutenant-Colonel  Thomas 
Grindon,  of  Westover  Parish,  Charles  City  county  ;  died  at  sea  1685  ; 

married  Sarah ,  who,  after  Bacon's  Rebellion,  was  by  act  exempted 

from  pardon  except  as  to  life,  and  pronounced  **  a  great  encourage r 
and  assister  in  the  late  horrid  rebellion." 


(18)  Ensign  John  Utie  ;  [i]  100  acres  on  the  other  side  of  the 
water,  on  Chippook's  creek.  [2]  Head  rights,  servants  imported  from 
England  in  1623:  William  Burt  and  William  Norler,  1624. 

NOTES. 

[i]  Ensign,  afterwards  Captain,  John  Utie  was  a  Burgess  1623; 
Burgess  for  plantations  between  Archer's  Hope  and  Martin's  Hundred 
October,  1629 ;  for  Hog  Island  1629-30 ;  member  of  the  Council 
1631-3.  In  1624-5  he  had  a  wife,  Anne,  and  a  son,  John,  who  married 
Mary . 

[2]  Chippook's  creek,  between  Prince  George  and  Surry. 


(19)  John  Johnson,  of  James  City,  Yeoman,  and  Ancient  Planter; 
100  acres  on  a  branch  of  Archer's  Hope  Creek,  [i]  1624. 

NOTE. 

[i]  Archer's  Hope  Creek,  which  still  retains  the  name,  is  in  the  county 
of  James  City.  Its  head  is  near  the  city  of  Williamsburg,  and  it  empties 
into  James  river  a  few  miles  below  Jamestown.  It  is  navigable  to 
within  three-quarters  of  a  mile  of  Williamsburg  for  small  vessels. 
Percy  states  that  the  first  settlement  would  have  been  made  on  the 


ABSTRACTS   OF   VIRGINIA   LAND   PATENTS.  91 

bluff  at  its  mouth  but  for  the  fact  that  the  water  was  too  shoal  for  ships 
to  approach  the  shore.  It  derived  its  name  from  C-iptain  Gabriel 
Archer.  In  1772  the  House  of  Burgesses  passed  an  act  authorizing  the 
cutting  of  a  canal  from  Archer's  Hope  Creek  to  Queen's  Creek,  on 
York  river.  The  necessary  land  was  to  be  condemned,  and  the  sub 
scribers  to  the  undertaking  formed  into  a  company,  and  allowed  to 
charge  toll.  The  act  recites  that  large  sums  had  already  been  sub- 
scribed, but  the  political  troubles  of  the  time  prevented  any  further 
steps  towards  the  accomplishment  of  the  plan.  The  section  of  country 
about  the  mouth  of  the  creek  was  also  known  in  the  early  days  of  the 
Colony  as  Archer's  Hope. 

V  (20)  George  Sandys,  Esq.,  100  acres  in  Archer's  Hope;  Head  Rights; 
George  Sandys  (the  patentee),  came  in  1621,  and  seven  servants :  Phoe- 
bus Hopkins,  Edw^ard  Eastwood,  Martha  Turner  and  John  Stone,  who 
came  in  1621;  and  John  Needham,  Thomas  Knowlesand  Henry  Wood, 
who  came  from  the  Summer  Islands  in  1621,  1624. 


(21)  John  Burnham,  [i]  of  Kiquotan,  in  Elizabeth  City,  [2]  Gent; 
300  acres  adjoining  the  lands  of  Captain  Samuel  Matthews,  [3]  and 
William  Claiborne,  gentleman ;  Head  Rights;  servants:  John  Hodg- 
bins,  John  Moti,  Sen.,  John  Mott,  Jr.,  and  John  Vermilye,  Jr.,  son  of 
John  Vermilye,  deceased,  1624.  J 

notes. 

[i]  Rowland  Burnham,  Burgess  for  York,  1644,  1645  and  1648. 
Major  John  Burnham  of  Middlesex,  alive  1675.  In  1682  there  were 
suits  between  Colonel  Leroy  Griflin  and  Major  Lewis  Burwell,  plain- 
tiffs, and  Ralph  Wormley,  defendant,  ih  regard  to  the  estate  of  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel John  Burnham,  deceased. 

(2)  Elizabeth  City. 

(3)  Captain  Samuel  Matthews  came  to  Virginia  in  1622,  was  one  of 
Commissioners  to  examine  condition  of  Virginia,  1623;  member  of  the 
Council  1624  to  1644;  Commissioner  of  Warwick  river,  1631 ;  elected  to 
Council  April,  1652 ;  elected  Governor  by  the  House  of  Burgesses 
December,  1656,  and  held  the  place  until  his  death  in  January.  1659. 
He  was  an  able  and  patriotic  man,  and  one  of  the  most  successful 
planters  in  Virginia.  A  contemporary  says  lie  had  a  fine  house,  sowed 
much  hemp  and  flax  and  had  it  spun ;  kept  weavers  and  had  a  tannery; 
had  forty  negro  slaves  whom  he  brought  up  to  mechanical  trades;  and 
sowed  large  crops  of  wheat  and  barley.  He  also  supplied  vessels 
trading  to  Virginia  with  beef.  He  had  a  plenty  of  cows,  a  fine  dairy, 
and  abundance  of  hogs  and  poultry ;  and,  is  finally  described  as  one 
who  *'  kept  a  good  house,  lived  bravely  and  was  a  true  lover  of  Vir- 
ginia." He  married  the  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  Hinton  of  Chilton 
Foliot,  England,  by  his  first  marriage  (Sir  Thomas  Hinton  was  living  in 


92  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Virginia  and  a  member  of  the  Council  1634.  He  married,  2d,  the  rich 
widow  of  Sir  Sebastian  Harvey,  Lord  Mayor  of  London).  Captain 
Samuel  Matthews  had  married  before  1638-9  the  widow  of  Abraham 
Persey  (but  the  two  sons  named  were  certainly  by  ist  marriage),  and 
had  issue.  I  Thomas  of  Stafford  county;  Burgess  for  that  county  1676, 
and  supposed  to  be  the  author  of  T.  M's  account  of  Bacon's  Rebellion. 
II  Lieutenant-Colonel  Samuel,  of  Warwick  county;  Burgess  for  that 
county  April,  1652,  November,  1652,  July,  1653.  November,  1654;  ap- 
pointed to  Council  1655;  married  and  died  about  1670,  leaving  a  son 
John,  then  under  age. 

Among  the  descendants  of  Governor  Matthews  is  James  M.  Mat- 
thews, late  reporter  of  the  Virginia  Court  of  Appeals.  Persons  of  the 
name,  probably  descendants,  have  been  numerous  in  the  eastern  count- 
ies of  Virginia ;  among  them  were,  Captain  Baldwin  Matthews,  of 
York;  born  1668;  died  February  28th,  1736;  two  Baldwin  Matthews 
were  vestrymen  of  Bruton  Parish  ;  Robert  Matthews  was  vestryman  of 
Kingston  Parish,  Gloucester.  Captain  Richard  Matthews,  Captain 
Robert  Matthews  and  Edward  Matthews,  of  Gloucester,  alive  1775. 
John  Matthews,  Justice  of  Essex,  1780-1800.  Rev.  John  Matthews, 
rector  of  St.  Anne's  Parish,  Essex,  1774-6;  whose  family  had  inter- 
married, at  an  early  date,  with  the  Smiths  and  Bushrods;  married 
Smith  and  had  isue.  I  Thomas.  II  Mary,  married  Dr.  Alexander 
Somerville,  an  eminent  physician  and  medical  writer,  who  had  emi- 
grated from  Scotland  to  Virginia  III  Fanny,  married  James  Roy 
Micou.     IV  Virginia,  married  Dr.  William  Baynham,  of  Essex. 


\  (22)  Edward  Waters,  [i]  of  Elizabeth  city,  Gent.;  100  acres  near 
Blunt  Point,  on  Waters  Creek.  Head  Rights;  Edward  Walters  (the 
patentee),  and  servants,  Edward  Bryan,  came  1620,  and  William  Ar- 
nall,  came  1621,  1624.    . 

•*J  NOTE. 

(i)  Edward  Waters  had  a  most  varied  and  adventurous  life.  He 
was  born  1584,  and  left  England  for  Virginia  in  1609,  in  the  same  ship 
with  Gates  and  Somers.  The  terrible  storm  they  encountered  and 
wonderful  escape,  after  being  wrecked  on  the  Bermudas,  are  well 
known  incidents  of  the  settlement  of  Virginia.  When  two  vessels  had 
been  constructed  and  the  shipwrecked  party  were  almost  ready  to  sail 
for  Virginia,  Waters,  Christopher  Carter  and  one  other  person  were 
sentenced  for  some  offence,  probably  mutiny,  to  be  shot.  Carter  es- 
caped to  the  woods ;  but  the  third  man  had  been  shot  and  Waters 
was  tied  up  for  the  same  purpose  ;  but  having  a  knife  in  his  pocket  he 
cut  his  bonds  and  got  away.  He  and  Carter  were  left  on  the  island, 
and  remained  until  Somers'  vessel  returned,  a  few  months  after.  As  it 
was  intended  to  bring  a  colony  to  Bermuda,  Waters,  Carter  and  a  man 
named  Chard,  decided  to  continue  on  the  island  until  the  ships  should 


ABSTRACTS   OF   VIRGINIA   LAND   PATENTS.  93 

arrive  from  England;  and  remained  without  communication  with  the 
outside  world  until  July,  1612,  when  the  first  colonists  came.  A  part 
of  this  lime  they  lived  separate,  owing  to  a  quarrel  over  a  great  piece 
of  Ambergris  they  had  found.  This  dispute  grew  to  such  a  height 
that  Chard  and  Waters  were  about  to  decide  it  with  their  swords ;  but 
Carter  prevented  it  by  hiding  the  weapons.  After  the  arrival  of  the 
ship,  knowing  that  the  comf»any  claiming  the  Bermudas  would  take 
possession  of  the  Ambergris,  they  attempted  by  arrangement  with  the 
captain,  to  get  it  secretly  on  board ;  but  Captain  Moore,  Goveri>or  of 
the  island,  discovered  it,  and  the  three  Crusoes  were  again  in  much 
trouble.  Chard  being  sentenced  to  death.  He  was,  however,  par- 
doned. In  16 14,  when  Moore  went  to  England,  he  appointed  Waters 
one  of  the  Council  who  were  to  govern  the  island  a  month  each  in 
turn;  but  before  his  turn  arrived  Waters  and  others  sailed  for  the 
West  Indies  for  supplies.  They  were  blown  by  a  storm  to  the  Canaries, 
where  they  took  a  Portuguese  prize  and  then  returned  to  the  West 
Indies  where  their  ship  foundered,  Waters  and  a  few  others  getting 
in  a  boat  to  a  desolate  island,  from  which,  after  a  few  months,  they 
were  taken  by  an  English  pirate,  and  at  last  got  to  England.  After 
some  years,  Waters  returned  to  the  Bermudas,  in  16 17,  and  was  sent  to 
Virginia  for  supplies ;  but  on  his  way  back  he  met  with  storms,  and 
having  an  unskillful  pilot  returned  to  Virginia,  where  he  and  his  com- 
panions determined  to  remain.  Before  1622  he  married  Grace  O'Neil, 
who  was  born  1603.  During  the  Massacre  of  1622,  he  and  his  wife  were 
captured  by  the  Nansemond  Indians  and  taken  to  the  mouth  of  that 
river,  from  which  thdy  seemed  to  have  little  chance  of  escape ;  but  one 
day  an  empty  boat,  belonging  to  some  English  vessel,  happened  to 
drift  ashore,  and  in  their  rejoicings  over  it  the  Indians  relaxed  their 
guard  upon  their  prisoners,  so  much  that  they  were  enabled  to  secure 

a  canoe  and  escape  to  Kiquotan.  Edward  Waters  held  the  rank  of 
Captain  ;  Burgess  1625,  and  was  appointed  Commander  and  Commis- 
sioner of  Elizabeth  City  in  1628,  the  year  in  which  he  died.  He  had 
issue.  I  Margaret,'  born  in  Virginia.  II  William.'  born  in  Virginia  be- 
fore 1624,  of  Northampton  county;  Burgess  for  that  county  1654.  1659, 

1660;  married and  died  about  1685,  leaving  issue.    I  William',  Naval 

Officer  of  Accomac,  1713.  II  Obedience.'  Ill  Thomas.'  William.' 
Waters  had,  with  other  issue,  William,*  eldest  son,  whose  only  child, 
Sarah,*  married  David  Meade,  of  Nansemond  county. 

Of  this  family  was  Edward  Waters  who  married  Margaret,  daughter 
of  John  Robins,  who  died  1739.  Susanna  Waters,  who  married  before 
1700,  Nathaniel  Littleton.  Richard  Waters,  of  Somerset  county, 
Maryland,  married  Eliza, daughter  of  Colonel  Southey  Littleton.  William 
S.  Waters  was  a  lawyer  of  Somerset  county,  Maryland,  1851.  The 
Waters  family  settled  in  Somerset.  Maryland,  at  an  early  date.  Wil- 
liam Waters  of  Somerset, married  Eliza,  daughter  of  James  Hyland,  and 
had  Levin  Lyltleton;  who  died  October,  28;  married  Lucreiia  Jones, 
sister  of  General  Arnold  Elzey,  and  had  Levin  Lyttleton  of  Somerset ; 
bom  May  9,  1828 ;  member  Maryland  Senate ;  who  served  in  the  war, 
being  a  Southern  sympathizer. 


94  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


Notes  and  Queries. 

NOTES. 

An  old  Manuscript  Volume — We  are  indebted  to  the  Rev.  W.  G. 
Andrews,  of  Guilford,  Connecticut,  for  the  following  information  with 
reference  to  an  interesting  old  manuscript  volume: 

An  old  manuscript  volume  of  about  one  hundred  folio  pages,  bound  in 
parcftment,  is  in  the  possession  of  Miss  Lucy  Scranton,  of  Madison, 
Connecticut,  formerly  the  Parish  of  East  Guilford.  Its  original  owner 
was  the  Rev.  Archibald  Cummings^  first  commissary  of  the  Bishop  of 
London  for  Pennsylvania,  It  contains  his  commission  from  Bishop 
Gibson  (in  Latin),  dated  December  31,  1728,  with  other  ecclesiastical 
records,  the  latest  bearing  date  October  7,  1730.  Portions  of  three 
leaves  only  were  used  in  this  way.  Many  years  afterwards  the  volume > 
having  somehow  found  its  way  to  Norfolk,  served  for  a  short  time  as  the 
orderly-book  of  a  company  in  the  Fifth  Virginia  regiment  at  the  begin- 
ning of  the  Revolutionary  War.  It  seems  to  have  moved  northward 
with  the  regiment,  perhaps  crossing  the  Delaware  with  Washington, 
and  at  all  events  reaching  New  Jersey.  Two  leaves  (apart  from  some 
scribbling  on  the  first  page)  contain  all  that  relates  to  this  portion  of 
its  history. 

An  entry  on  the  second  page,  dated  Newark,  March  8,  1777,  states 
that  on  that  day  the  volume  was  taken,  as  his  own  property,  by  Ser- 
geant Abraham  Scranton,  of  East  Guilford,  Connecticut.  The  family 
tradition  is  that  it  was  picked  up  on  a  battle-field,  and  there  seems  to 
have  been  a  skirmish  near  Woodbridge,  not  a  long  march  from  Newark, 
on  the  day  mentioned.  The  book  remained  in  Sergeant  Scranton 's 
possession,  and  is  now  the  property  of  one  of  his  descendants.  It  is 
nearly  filled  with  his  accounts,  which  overflowed  into  the  blank  spaces 
on  pages  used  by  previous  owners  A  few  venerable  documents,  one 
or  two  of  them  nearly  as  old  as  the  Commissary's  records,  have  been 
pasted  over  some  of  the  Sergeant's  multifarious  entries. 

The  portion  of  the  contents  which  is  of  most  interest  to  Virginians 
is  found  on  the  ninth,  tenth  and  eleventh  pages.  At  the  top  of  the 
ninth  page  is  the  word  "Chester,"  with  the  date  to  be  given  below. 
Then  comes  the  following,  in  four  lines  of  large,  plain  script,  inclosed  in 
rude  scroll  work :  "Minor  Smith  His  Orderly  Book  October  the  26, 1776." 
Outside  the  scroll-work,  on  the  left,  in  three  lines,  we  have  a  series  of 
capital  letters  :  "  No.  A  R  L  M  S  W  x  S."  On  the  right,  in  four  lines  : 
"Andrew  Russell  Capt  in  the  fift  Virginia  Regiment  From  Loudoun 
County  Virginia."  The  rest  of  this  page,  with  part  of  the  tenth,  is  filled 
with  a  list  of  names,  presumably  those  of  non-commissioned  officers  and 
privates,  and  perhaps  musicians.  The  first  three  and  last  two  are  sepa- 
rated  from  the  rest  by  short  dashes.    For  the  most  part  the  names  are 


NOTES   AND   QUERIES.  95 

perfectly  legible,  and  indeed  unmistakable ;  but  in  a  few  cases,  indi- 
cated by  an  interrogation  point,  there  is  some  uncertainty.  They  are 
arranged  in  double  columns  (on  page  9),  and  one  name  has  been  erased. 
The  spelling  is  a  little  capricious,  and  now  and  then  a  small  letter  does 
duty  for  a  capital.  The  list  is  reproduced  as  exactly  as  possible,  with- 
out attempting  to  imitate  the  hand- writing,  which  is  much  plainer  than 
the  copyist's. 

'*  Minor.  W  Smith,  William  Acker,  Thomas  Minor,  Joseph  Hutchison, 
Richard  Hogeland,  Rayman  Burnum,  Allen  Crook,  David  Hariott, 
Henry  Powell,  Lowry  Gryms,  Joseph  Lews,  (?)  Daniel  Kidd,  Thomas 
Robins,  Thomas  Breeden,  George  fletcher,  Willoby  Russell,  Jeremiah 
Minkim,  John  Degmon,  James  Anderson,  Wm.  Thomas,  Henry  Piles, 
Thomas  Rose,  John  Sorrell,  George  Noland,  John  Monroe.  Edward 
Ryon,  Kitt  fishearman,  Wm.  Diggin,  Daniel  king,  Samuel  Reeder, 
Jeremiah  horseman,  Thomas  Brown,  Henry  Browner,  Richard  fisher, 
Richard  Mc.  Lane,  Tire  (?)  Waters,  Philip  houtershealt,  Garrard  Ridle, 
Sam  Mellerson,  Thomas  Mehair,  (p.  10)  John  Madden,  Henry  Bradley. 
Wm.  Thrift,  Jame  Clemmons,  Elexander  Clemons,  Robert  Macy,  (?) 
John  Spang,  (?)  Wm.  Davis,  Thomas  powell,  Wm.  Carrel! ,  Arther  Mc 
Dannel,  Phillip  McDonnough,  T  Stace  (?)  McDanel,  John  keen,  Wm 
Blackburn." 

The  first  of  the  doubtful  names  may  have  been  meant  for  "  Lewis," 
or,  possibly,  is  "  hews."  As  to  the  others.  I  have  no  alternative  reading 
to  suggest. 

On  the  eleventh  page  is  the  following: 

**  Norfolk^  June  lothy  ///d— Parole  Lewis.  Officer  for  the  Day  to 
morrow  Capt.  Terrell.  The  otfrs  of  the  gUrd  are  to  be  perticular  in 
future  in  instructing  The  Sentries  not  to  fire  at  or  Stop  any  Vessel  1 
Coming  from  Portsmouth  or  to  fire  at  any  Vessell  with  [out]  great 
reason  of  suspition.  The  long  Role  to  beat  at  5  O'clock  this  Evengning 
for  a  General  perade.** 

These  entries  are  all  apparently  in  the  same  handwriting,  a  very  good 
one,  though  rather  stiff,  and  at  times  showing  marks  of  haste.  It  is 
quite  likely  that  such  information  as  this  volumes  gives  is  to  be  found 
elsewhere,  and  its  chief  interest  undoubtedly  lies  in  its  curiously  diver- 
sified history. 

Society  of  the  Cincinnati  in  Virginia, — At  the  Meeting  of  the  So- 
ciety of  Cincinnati,  in  the  State  of  Virginia,  at  the  Capitol  in  the  city 
of  Richmond,  on  Monday,  the  13th  of  December,  1802,  in  pursuance  of 
an  adjournment  to  that  day  at  the  last  meeting— Present :  James  Wood, 
President;  Edward  Carrington.  Vice-President ;  Samuel  Coleman,  Sec- 
retary; Churchill  Jones,  Henry  Bowyer,  William  Bentley,  James  Wil- 
liams, John  Jameson,  Basil  Middleton,  John  B.  Scott.  Larkin  Smith, 
Clement  Carrington,  James  Wright,  Charles  Scott,  John  Trabue,  Wil- 


96  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

liam  Mosley,  Colin  Cocke,  John  L.  Crute,  Wm.  B.  Wallace,  John  Pryor, 
Robt.  Poterfield,  Robt.  Gamble,  John  White,  Marks  Vandewall,  Jno. 
Watts,  M.  Carrington,  John  Siith,  Willis  Wilson,  Jos.  Biackwell  and 
Jordan  Harris. 

The  Society,  after  some  observations  from  several  of  the  members 
respecting  the  future  disposition  of  the  funds,  without  coming  to  any 
decision,  adjourned  until  lo  o'clock  to-morrow. 

Tuesday  the  14th  of  December^  1802, 
The  Society  met  according  to  adjournment.  Present :  James  Wood, 
President;  Edward  Carrington,  Vice-President;  William  Heth,  Treas- 
urer; Samuel  Coleman,  Secretary ;  Charles  Scott,  John  B.  Scott,  Jordan 
Harris,  Clement  Carrington,  James  Wright,  Marks  Vandewall,  Larkin 
Smith,  William  B.Wallace,  John  Harris,  John  Watts,  Robt.  Poterfield, 
James  Williams,  Robert  Gamble,  Jos.  Biackwell,  John  Stith,  Wm. 
Mosley,  John  White,  Henry  Bowyer,  Churchill  Jones,  William  Bentley, 
Willis  Wilson,  Jno.  L.  Crute,  Basil  Middleton,  Matthew  Clay,  Colin 
Cocke  and  Geo.  Carrington. 

On  motion,  it  was  unanimously 

Resolved^  That  a  committee  of  thirteen  be  appointed  to  make  an  ap- 
propriation of  the  funds  of  the  Society  to  such  object  as  may  be  agreed 
upon  by  the  present  meeting,  subject,  however,  to  confirmation  by  a 
majority  of  the  whole  members  composing  the  Society  at  the  next 
general  meeting,  in  person  or  by  proxy,  appointed  in  writing,  or  by  letter 
to  the  President ;  and  of  which  due  notice  shall  be  given  in  the  public 
papers,  and  by  letter  from  the  President. 

After  some  debate  on  the  object  of  the  appropriation,  without  com- 
ing to  any  specific  proposition,  the  meeting  adjourned  until  to-morrow 

10  o'clock. 

Wednesday  the  i^th  of  December ^  1802. 

The  Society  met  according  to  adjournment.  Present;  James  Wood, 
President;  Edward  Carrington,  Vice-President;  William  Heth,  Treas- 
urer; Samuel  Coleman,  Secretary;  William  Bentley,  John  L.  Crute, 
Wm.  Moseley,  Robert  Gamble,  John  B.  Scctt,  M.  Carrington,  Larkin 
Smith,  John  Pryor,  William  B.  Wallace,  Robert  Porterfield,  Charles 
Scott,  John  Harris,  Jordan  Harris,  Joseph  Biackwell,  George  Carring- 
ton, John  Jameson,  Churchill  Jones,  John  Watts,  John  White,  James 
Wright,  James  Williams,  Willis  Wilson,  Henry  Bowyer,  C.  Carrington, 
John  Stith,  Basil  Middleton,  Matthew  Clay,  Colin  Cocke  and  M.  Van- 
dewall. 

On  motion,  the  following  resolution  was  adopted : 

Resolved,  That  the  object  of  the  appropriation  of  the  funds  of  this 
Society  be  the  seminary  of  learning  in  the  county  of  Rockbridge,  de- 
nominated the  Washington  Academy  (to  which  the  shares  of  the  Jain^s 
River  Company,  heretofore  vested  in  our  late  illustrious  leader  and 


NOTES   AND  QUERIES.  97 

hero,  General  Washington,  have  by  him  been  appropriated),  subject  to 
such  charf>:es  of  a  charitable  nature  as  have  been  or  may  be  adopted 
by  this  Society. 

The  meeting  then  proceeded  to  the  appointment  of  their  officers  for 
the  ensuing  year,  when  those  of  the  last  year  were  unanimously  re- 
appointed, viz:  James  Wood,  President;  Edward  Carrington,  Vice- 
President  ;  William  Heth,  Treasurer,  and  Samuel  Coleman,  Secretary. 

On  motion,  the  following  resolution  was  agreed  to : 

Resolved^  That  the  mode  of  appropriation  of  the  funds  of  this  So- 
ciety»  by  the  committee  appointed  for  that  purpose,  jf  confirmed  as 
provided  by  the  first  resolution,  shall  be  by  the  purchase  of  shares  of 
the  James  River  Company  and  lands  within  the  State  of  Virginia  as 
may,  in  their  opinion,  be  most  beneficial,  and  the  conveyance  thereof 
to  the  trustees  of  the  Washington  Academy,  to  be  held  inalienable  for 
the  use  of  the  said  Academy ;  provided,  however,  that  the  said  com- 
mittee shall  retain  a  controul  over  the  product  of  the  property  pur- 
chased so  long  and  to  such  amount  as  may  be  sufficient  to  meet  the 
objects  of  charity  referred  to  in  the  second  resolution. 

On  motion — 

Resolved^  That  when  the  present  meeting  adjourn,  the  adjournment 
be  to  the  second  Monday  in  December  next,  at  the  Capitol  in  the  city 
of  Richmond. 

The  meeting  then  proceeded  to  the  appointment  of  their  standing  com- 
mittee for  the  ensuing  year,  when  Robert  Gamble,  John  Pryor,  Marks 
Vandewall  and  John  White,  in  addition  to  the  officers,  were  unani- 
mously re- appointed. 

On  motion — 

Resolved^  That  James  Wood,  Edward  Carrington,  William  Heth, 
Samuel  Coleman,  Robert  Gamble,  Marks  Vandevall,  John  Pryor,  John 
White,  Larkin  Smith,  William  Bentley,  Churchill  Jones,  William  Mosley 
and  Robert  Poterfield  be  the  committee  of  thirteen  designated  in  the 
first  resolution  relative  to  the  appropriation  of  the  funds. 

And  then  the  meeting  adjourned  until  the  second  Monday  in  Decem- 
ber, 1803,  then  to  meet  at  the  Capitol  in  the  city  of  Richmond. 

James  Wood,  President, 
Attest : 

Samuel  Coleman,  Secretary. 

In  1803  the  Cincinnati  Society  appropriated  their  funds,  amounting 
to  nearly  $25,000,  to  Washington  College,  and  in  honour  of  this  endow- 
ment the  "  Cincinnati  Professorship ''  was  founded.  It  was  the  founda- 
tion of  the  present  Chair  of  Mathematics. 


Exports  from  the  Upper  District  of  James  river  between  the  2^th  of 
October,  1763,  and  the  2sth  of  October,  1764 — 19,728  hhds.  of  tobacco. 

2  barrels,  16  bags,  and  300  wt.  of  cotton.    174  logs.    12  casks  of  in- 

7 


98  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

dif!:o.  1,071  planks.  30.884  feet  of  do.  3,000  lock  stocks.  566,800 
staves.  4  boxes  and  2  casks  of  dry  goods.  29,145  bushels  of  wheat. 
500  bushels  of  potatoes.  14  pipes,  i  hhd.  14  quarter  casks  and  6  boxes 
of  wine.  19  hhds.  and  8  barrels  of  rum.  i  hhd.  and  776  wt.  of  bees 
wax.  11,542  bushels  of  coal.  9,250  hoops.  1,955  bushels  and  a  half 
of  pease.  62,763  bushels  of  corn.  1^098  barrels  of  flower.  3  bags  of 
hops.  920  barrels  and  1,000  wt.  of  pork.  80,860  shingles.  8  tierces 
and  9  barrels  of  lard.  3  hhds.  and  3  barrels  of  hams.  75  bushels  of 
beans.  3,003  wt.  of  bacon.  26  doz.  handspikes.  103  hhds.  of  skins. 
5  hhds.  6  borrels,  and  7  boxes  of  snakeroot.  800  wt.  10  barrels,  and  2 
tierces  of  tallow.  14  boxes  of  candles.  5  barrels  and  i  box  of  ginseng. 
50  tierces  of  bread.  1,161  barrels  ^f  tar.  2^5  barrels  of  turpentine.  3 
bags  of  feathers.  5  barrels  of  rice.  123  tuns  of  iron. .  3,800  heading. 
466  bushels  of  oats.  70  anchor  stocks.  25  barrels  of  fish.  1,200  feet 
of  oars.  14  doz.  do.  10  tuns  of  Mohogany.  2  hhds.  i  bag,  and  i 
bundle  of  hemp. 

Exported  from  the  Upper  District  of  James  river  between  the  25th  of 
October^  1764,  and  the  2sth  of  October^  1765 — 20,666  hhds.  of  tobacco. 
531  logs.     19  casks,  I  box,  and  50  wt  of  indigo.     14  bags  and  610  wt. 
of  cotton.    313  planks'    13,341  feet  of  do.     5,000  lock  stocks.    609.334 
staves.     5  boxes  of  goods.     42,326  bushels  of  wheat,     i  bag  of  flax 
.seed.    I  barrel  and  4  bushels  of  potatoes.     13  pipes  and  6  quarter 
casks  of  wine.     18  hhds.  6  barrels,  and  two  tierces  of  rum.    2  hhds.  4 
barrels,  and  30  wt.  of  bees  wax.    3  950  hoops.    2.713  bushels  of  pease. 
75,827  bushels  of  com.     1,132  barrels  of  flower.     238  barrels  of  pork. 
259,480  shingles.    21  hams.     5  barrels  and  480  wt   of  tallow.     1,677  wt. 
of  bacon.    6  barrels  of  cider.     2  barrels,  2  boxes,  and  2  bags  of  snake- 
root.    26  dozen  handspikes.    9  barrels  and  a  half,  2  kegs,  and  200  wt. 
of  lard.    I  box  and  82  hhds.  of  skins.    206  bushels  of  beans.    21  boxes 
of  candles.    9  hhds.  211  tierces,  65  barrels,  and  1,640  wt.  of  bread.    383 
barrels  of  tar.     52  barrels  of  turpentine.    35  barrels  of  pitch.    210  wt. 
of  feathers.    490  tuns  and  2.870  pigs  of  iron.     10  tuns  and  2.702  bars  of 
lead.    6  anchor  stocks.    28  barrels  of  fish.     12  barrels  of  beer,     i  box 
of  seeds.    6  barrels  of  beef.     13  tuns  of  lignumvitae.     240  oars.     24 
yards  and  topmasts.    2  hhds.  i  bag,  and  i  bundle  of  hemp.     15,292 
bushels  of  coals. 

Exports  from  the  Upper  District  of  James  river  between  the  2^th  of 
October y  1165,  and  the  25th  of  October^  i766,-'\^^Qrji.  hhds.  of  tobacco. 
9  bags  and  420  wt.  of  cotton.  81  logs.  16  casks  and  2  boxes  of  indigo. 
780  lock  stocks.  9  boxes  of  dry  goods.  8  hhds.  of  flax  seed.  200 
bushels  of  potatoes.  3  pipes  of  wine.  30,674  bushels  of  wheat.  13 
hhds.  and  one  third  of  rum.  2,000  wt.  of  bees  wax.  388  bushels  of 
oats.  2,737  bushels  of  pease.  4,900  bushels  of  coal.  204,500  shingles. 
14  bushels  of  onions.  392  barrels  of  pork.  1,305  barrels  of  flower. 
200  hams.    3  tierces  of  lard.    5  barrels  of  tallow.    467  bushels  of  beans. 


NOTES   AND   QUERIES.  99 

i,ooo  wt.  of  bacon.  3  hhds.  9  barrels,  i  case,  and  50  wt.  of  snakeroot. 
no  hhds.  of  skins.  79,745  feet  of  plank.  1,011  planks.  20  pieces  and 
370  feet  of  mohogany.  2  tuns  of  hemp.  7  casks  of  pearl  ashes.  117 
tierces  of  bread.  9  hhds.  2  barrels,  and  i  bag  of  ginseng.  1,205  bar- 
rels of  tar.  36  barrels  of  pitch.  48  barrels  of  turpentine.  321  tuiis 
and  680  pigs  of  iron.  560,459  staves.  3,870  bars  and  7  tuns  of  lead. 
48  oars  and  400  feet  of  do.  8  tuns  of  lignumvitae.  20,900  bushels  of 
com.    6  yards  and  topmasts.    4  tuns  of  logwood.    612  handspikes. 

Entered  in  the  Upper  District  of  James  river  January  16^  1767 — 
Molly,  Thomas  Pollock,  from  Liverpool,  with  European  goods. 

19.  Bowman,  Allan  Stevenson,  from  Hull,  with  i  passenger,  and 
ballast. 

30.  Richmond,  Henry  Minson,  from  Newport  in  Rhode  Island,  with 
3  hhds.  of  rum.  i  hhd.  of  molosses,  i  tierce  of  loaf  sugar,  i  hhd.  of 
cranberries,  and  2  coils  of  cordage. 

Feb.  2.  Betsey,  John  Gillies,  from  Dunkirk,  in  ballast. 

Cleared— ]2iVi.  19,  1767.  Anne,  Samuel  Ayres,  for  Leghorn,  with  5,194 
bushels  of  wheat,  and  202  barrels  of  flower. 

31.  Thairay.  John  Lawmont,  for  Glasgow,  with  191  hhds  of  tobacco, 
and  7,(00  staves. —  Virginia  Gazette^  February  12^  1767, 


Ship-building  in  Virginia  in  the  Eighteenth  Century — To  be  Sold — 
A  new  Ship,  of  about  236  tuns,  well  calculated  for  the  Tobacco  trade, 
built  of  the  best  seasoned  plank  and  timber,  and  can  be  lanched  in  a 
little  time,  if  required.  Twelve  months  credit  will  be  allowed  for  two 
thirds  or  three  fourths  of  the  value.  Any  person  inclinable  to  pur- 
chase may  be  shown  the  vessel  by  applying  to  the  subscriber,  living 
in  Kingston  parish,  Gloucester  county.  Thomas  Smith. 

—  Virginia  Gazette,  May  7,  1767. 

To  be  Sold—K  new  ship,  now  lying  at  Suffolk  wharf,  burthen  about 
350  hogsheads  of  tobacco,  well  built  with  the  best  white  oak  timber 
and  plank.  The  purchaser  may  have  long  credit  for  part  of  the  money. 
Any  person  in  want  may  apply  to  Mr  John  Driver  at  Suffolk,  or  to 
George  Walker,  J un.  in  Elizabeth  City. —  Virginia  Gazette,  May  7^1767. 


Sale  of  a  Musical  Slave— \  valuable  young  handsome  Negro  fellow, 
about  18  or  20  years  of  age,  has  every  qualification  of  a  genteel  and 
sensible  servant,  and  has  been  in  many  different  parts  of  the  world. 
He  shaves,  dresses  hair,  and  plays  on  the  French  horn.  He  lately 
came  from  London  and  has  with  him  two  suits  of  new  clothes,  and  his 
French  horn,  which  the  purchaser  may  have  with  him.  Inquire  at  the 
Printing  Office  of  Mess.  Purdie  and  Y^'xxon.—  Virginia  Gazette^  August 


-i 


100  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


Book  Reviews. 

The  Puritan  in  Holland,  England  and  America. — By  Douglas 
Campbell. 

It  is  not  proposed  in  this  notice  to  comment  upon  Mr.  Campbell's  work 
in  its  broadest  theories.  Nor  do  we  propose  to  discuss  how  much  we 
owe  to  Holland,  and  how  much  to  England,  for  our  governmental  prin- 
ciples and  laws.  We  shall  only  comment  upon  those  portions  of  the 
work,  in  which  he  undertakes  to  specify  what  States  first  adopted,  and 
put  into  practice  in  this  country,  those  principles  and  laws.  Mr.  Camp- 
bell alleges  that  the  people  of  the  New  England  colonies  did  not  origi- 
nate those  ideas,  which  for  years  their  historians  have  claimed  as  the 
wonderful  children  of  their  brain,  namely :  the  ballot,  the  free-school, 
and  the  township.  In  fact  he  sneers  at  the  attempt  to  "  endow  the 
Puritans  with  supernatural  faculties  in  which  the  body  of  their  country- 
men had  no  share."  But  we  find  him  immediately  attempting  to  give 
some  compensation  for  such  a  ruthless  awakening.  For  he  alleges  and 
attempts  to  prove  that  while  the  Puritans  did  not  invent  any  of  those 
principles,  yet  that  they  alone  are  entitled  to  the  credit  of  having 
brought  O'er  and  put  them  into  practice  ;  and,  indeed,  all  others  which 
have  played  any  important  part  in  shaping  our  Federal  and  State 
Governments. 

He  devotes  pages  414  and  415  of  his  second  volume  to  an  attempt  to 
heal  the  wounded  feelings  of  Massachusetts  and  to  an  excuse  for  some 
of  her  acts  as  a  colony.  Soothingly  he  asserts,  that  if  she  has  been 
naughty,  she  has  not  been  quite  as  bad  as  Virginia.  He  confines  his 
comparison  to  two  particulars.  First.  He  assures  her  that  she  did  not 
treat  the  Indians  quite  as  bad  as  Virginia  did.  In  offering  that  conso- 
lation he  prudently  forbears  to  state  how  the  Indians  were  treated  by 
the  Virginians  previous  to  the  massacre  of  1622. 

But  his  attempt  to  palliate  the  '*  Puritanical  laws  of  Massachusetts  " 
is  so  weak,  that  it  is  not  only  injury  to  History,  but  an  insult  to  the 
intelligence  of  Massachusetts.  He  admits  that  they  must  be  regarded 
as  severe,  when  compared  with  those  of  "  New  York  and  Pennsylvania 
which  had  come  more  fully  under  a  Netherland  influence."  Yet  he 
adds,  *'  But  in  some  features  they  were  mildness  itself  compared  "with 
those  enacted  at  an  earlier  period  for  the  government  of  Virginia — a 
pure  English  .settlement,  little  tainted  with  Puritantism."  He  then 
cites  several  of  the  laws  from  Dale's  Code. 

The  injustice  of  comparing  the  laws  forced  upon  Virginia  by  the  Lon- 
don Company,  during  the  early  years  of  the  settlement,  with  those 
enacted  by  the  people  of  Massachusetts  themselves  is  so  patent  that 
one  wonders  that  Mr.  Campbell  should  have  been  willing  to  make  it. 
Especially  when  he  declares  in  his  preface  that  the  writer,  who  has 


r 


•  »,•••    • 

•  » ,  ■  •  »  • 


■  •     • 


» .  • 


• .•  .    .  .•  •  • r.'  • -  •  •  • • 
•. • 


•  •  •  .  •  • , 

BOOK    REVIEWS.  lOl 

knowledge  of  the  truth  and  conceals  it,  "  is  outside  the  literary  pale." 
We  have  no  desire  to  have  paraded  the  earlier  errors  of  Massachusetts. 
But  we  protest  against  such  palliation  as  the  above.  Surely  any  one, 
pretending  to  discuss  the  growth  of  law  among  the  several  colonies 
should  know,  that  the  people  of  Virginia  could  not  be  held  responsible 
for  any  law  in  force  in  that  colony  until  after  the  meeting  of  her  first 
General  Assembly  in  July,  1619.  With  the  simple  practical  laws 
adopted  by  her  law-makers  at  that  session,  or  with  the  laws  passed  at 
any  subsequent  session  of  the  General  Assembly,  the  comparison  could 
not  have  been  ventured  upon. 

On  page  419  Mr.  Campbell  makes  more  certain  his  bias,  and  his  ina- 
bility to  write  impartially  the  truths  of  colonial  history.  For  there  he 
makes  this  broad  assertion:  "With  Pennsylvania,  we  reach  the  most 
southern  point  to  which  a  Dutch  Influence  upon  the  early  settlers  of 
America  can  be  traced, and  we  also  reach  the  limit  of  the  colonies  whose 
institutions, except  that  of  slavery,  have  affected  the  American  Common- 
wealth. Virginia  alone  contributed  an  idea,  that  of  the  natural 
equality  of  man ;  but  this  was  borrowed  by  her  statesmen  from  the 
Roman  law." 

Among  the  laws,  which  he  claims,  were  brought  over  and  introduced 
by  the  colonists  north  of  Maryland,  was  the  law  as  to  the  registration 
of  deeds  and  mortgages,  the  law  requiring  parent's  or  guardian's  con- 
sent to  a  marriage,  and  the  law  as  to  the  maintaining  and  teaching  a 
trade  to  the  children  of  the  poor.  The  early  statutes  of  the  Virginia 
colony  show  how  erroneous  is  such  an  assertion.  In  1639  the  Virginia 
House  of  Burgesses  enacted  that  "A  deed  or  mortgage  made  without 
delivery  of  possession  to  be  adjudged  fraudulent  unless  entered  in 
some  court."  And  in  1642  th^  House  enlarged  the  requirements  as  to 
recordation.  But  the  custom  of  recordation  must  have  prevailed  sev- 
eral years  previous  to  1639.  The  loss  and  destruction  of  many  of  the 
Colonial  Records  of  Virginia  prevents  perfect  accuracy  on  this  point. 
But  in  Volume  I  of  Records  of  Patents  in  the  Virginia  Land  Office  can 
be  found  many  transfers  of  dates  prior  to  1639,  of  tracts  of  land,  some 
called  assignments,  some  deeds,  and  some  "  bill  of  sale. "  And  es- 
pecially striking  is  the  brevity  and  simplicity  of  the  language  used. 

We  are  inclined  to  believe  that  the  system  of  registration  of  deeds, 
so  far  as  Virginia  is  concerned,  is  the  outgrowth  of  English  statutes 
and  customs.  For  all  deeds  of  bargain  and  sale  had  to  be  recorded 
by  27  H^n.  8th  chap.  16,  in  order  to  be  valid.  And  in  order  to  get  rid 
of  the  more  expensive  and  cumbersome  system  of  obtaining  a  release 
of  dower  by  fine  and  recovery  the  colonial  government  of  Virginia,  as 
early  in  1627.  adopted  the  system  of  allowing  a  wife  to  join  in  the  deed, 
and  acknowledge  in  court  her  surrender  of  dower.  This  was  following 
a  custom  of  London  by  which  a  wife  could  release  her  dower  by  join- 
ing her  husband  in  a  deed,  being  privily  examined  and  the  deed  being 


• 


•      • 


•  •••  ••••-••• 


•   • 


•  ••.••*    •  • • 

•  •••,••,!•    ••••      •••••, 

:••.:  :•:••••••   

102  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

proclaimed  and  enrolled  in  the  Hustings  Court.  In  1627,  Lady  Tem- 
perance Yeardley  in  open  court  at  "James  City*'  released  her  dower 
interest.  And  in  1674,  the  system  of  so  releasing  dower  interest  was 
adopted  by  statute,  which  declared  that  such  a  mode  had  been  in  prac- 
tice in  Virginia  '*lor  many  years.*" 

In  16 1 9  the  first  General  Assembly  passed  a  statute  as  to  marriages 
in  these  words,  "  No  maide  or  woman  servant,  either  now  resident  in 
the  Colonic  or  hereafter  to  come,  shall  contract  herself  in  marriage 
without  either  the  consent  of  her  parents,  or  of  her  Mr.  or  Mrs.  or  of 
the  magistrat  and  minister  of  the  place  together." 

While  Virginia  did  not  to  the  fullest  extent  make  provision  for  the 
maintenance  and  teaching  of  a  trade  to  the  children  of  the  poor,  yet  in 
1646  she  passed  an  act  in  which  she  recognized  the  duty  of  the  public 
to  aid  the  poor  in  the  educating  their  children,  and  which,  considering 
her  poverty,  was  a  liberal  endeavor  to  do  her  duty  in  that  respect.  By 
that  act  it  was  required  that  the  commissioners  of  each  county  should 
select  two  children  of  the  poor  of  his  county  and  send  them  to  James- 
town to  be  taught  some  trade.  Each  county  to  bear  the  expense  of  the 
children  sent  from  it. 

Mr.  Campbell  also  claims  that  the  founders  of  Connecticut  brought 
over  the  idea  of  each  town  having  equal  representation  in  the  Legisla- 
tive branch  of  the  government,  and  that  that  idea  can  be  thence  traced 
into  the  United  States  Constitution.  Yet  it  is  undeniable  that  in  1619. 
twenty  years  before  the  adoption  of  what  is  called  the  Constitution  of 
Connecticut,  the  first  Virginia  General  Assembly  was  called  to  be  com- 
posed "of  two  Burgesses  out  of  every  plantation  without  restrainte  or 
exception  " 

He  also  holds  that  "  our  wide  suffrage  "is  also  owing  to  the  same 
Constitution  of  Connecticut.  Yet,  from  1619  until  1670,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  about  one  year,  in  1654,  the  right  of  suffrage  belonged  to  all 
freemen  in  Virginia.  In  the  year  1670  it  was  limited  to  freeholders  and 
housekeepers.  Shortly  after  Bacon's  rebellion,  by  order  of  Charles  II. 
the  right  of  suffrage  was  limited  to  freeholders.  In  the  Act  of  1655, 
repealing  that  of  1654,  the  House  of  Burgesses  announced  a  principle, 
which  afterwards  became  the  great  principle  of  the  American  Revolu- 
tion; namely,  no  taxation  without  representation.  For  in  that  act  the 
House  of  Burgesses  announced,  "  we  conceive  it  something  hard  and 
unagreeable  to  reason  that  any  persons  shall  pay  equal  taxes  and  yet 
have  no  votes  in  elections,"  and  then  repealed  so  much  of  the  act  of 
1654  "  as  excludes  freemen  from  votes."  Not  only  did  the  early  Vir- 
ginia legislators  desire  a  "  wide  suffrage,'*  but  they  wished  for  a  **  full 
vote,"  even  if  it  had  to  be  obtained  by  compulsory  laws.  For  in  1646, 
every  freeman  failing  to  vote,  after  being  summoned,  was  liable  to  a 
forfeit  of  100  pounds  of  tobacco. 

But  it  is  as  to  the  recognition  and  adoption  of  the  Constitutional 


•  w    «   ■  M       w 

"     »  •    -•     -        - 


BOOK    REVIEWS.  103 

principles  of  freedom  of  speech  and  freedom  of  religion  that  Mr. 
Campbell  makes  his  most  inexcusable  misstatements.  On  page  425, 
Vol.  2,  he  says :  *'  I  have  shown  in  former  chapters  how  American  re- 
ligious liberty  was  first  established  under  the  Constitution  of  New 
York,  and  the  freedom  of  the  press  under  that  of  Pennyslvania." 

Yet,  on  pages  250  and  251  of  his  first  volume,  he  recognizes  the  fact 
that  Virginia  adopted  her  constitution  in  1776,  while  New  York  did  not 
adopt  hers  until  1777.  In  her  constitution  Virginia  declared  that  *'  all 
men  are  equally  entitled  to  the  free  exercise  of  religion,  according  to 
the  dictates  of  conscience."  In  the  New  York  Constitution  it  was  de- 
clared "  that  the  free  exercise  and  enjoyment  of  religious  profession 
and  worship,  without  discrimination  or  preference,  shall  forever,  here- 
after, be  allowed  within  this  State  to  all  mankind;  provided,  that  the 
liberty  of  conscience,  hereby  granted,  shall  not  be  so  construed  as  to 
excuse  acts  of  licentiousness,  or  justify  practices  inconsistent  with  the 
peace  and  safety  of  this  State.'* 

It  is  clear  that  the  freedom  of  religious  worship  could  not  have  be^ 
stated  in  broader  terms  than  it  was  stated  in  the  Virginia  Bill  of  Rights, 
although  the  wording  in  the  New  York  Constitution  was  more  extended; 
and  in  some  respects  uselessly  so.  For  the  word  "  forever  "  added  no 
force  whatever  to  the  declaration,  for  it  could  have  no  effect  upon  any 
subsequent  Convention.  Nor  is  it  very  clear  as  to  what  might  be  con- 
strued to  be  the  extent  of  the  power  given  to  the  Legislature  by  the 
last  clause  of  the  proviso  above  quoted.  The  New  York  court  in 
People  V.  Ruggles,  8  Johns,  certainly  did  not  regard  the  proviso  as  very 
limited  in  its  scope.  But  Mr.  Campbell  bases  his  assertion  upon  the 
fact,  that  New  York  in  her  Constitution  abolished  the  established 
church,  and  alleges  that  Virginia  retained  its  established  church  until 
1785.  While  it  is  true  that  not  until  that  year  did  Virginia  declare  that 
no  man  should  be  compelled  by  law  to  contribute  to  the  support  of  any 
church,  yet  it  is  also  true  that  in  October,  1776,  she  passed  a  law  de- 
claring it  "contrary  to  the  principles  of  reason  and  justice  that  any 
should  be  compelled  to  contribute  to  the  maintenance  of  a  church  with 
which  their  consciences  will  not  permit  them  to  join,  &c.  For  remedy 
whereof  and  that  equal  liberty,  as  well  religious,  as  civil,  may  be 
universally  extended  to  all  the  good  people  of  this  commonwealth  ;  Be 
it  enacted  &c.  that  all  dissenters,  of  whatever  denomination,  from  the 
said  (Episcopal)  church,  shall  from  and  after  the  passing  of  this  act  be 
totally  free  and  exempt  from  all  levies  &c.  towards  supporting  and 
maintaining  the  said  church,"  &c.  In  the  same  act  she  also  declared 
of  no  force  every  act  of  parliament,  "which  renders  criminal  the 
maintaining  any  opinions  in  matters  of  religions,  forbearing  to  repair 
to  church,  or  the  exercising  any  mode  of  worship,"  &c. 

Mr.  Campbell  also  intimates  a  doubt  whether  the  Virginia  Bill  of 
Rights  was  a  part  of  the  Virginia  Constitution.    The  decision  of  the 


•«•      •  •      •••••• 

.   •-•  •     •      •  •     »     •• 


•    • 


;••.:  :• :  / .  •••   

104  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

highest  Courts  of  that  State  ought  to  settle  that  question.  In  the  case 
of  Commonwealth  v.  Wyatt,  6  Randolph,  following  declaration  was 
made:  "That  by  the  Bill  of  Rights,  properly  regarded  as  part  of  the 
Constitution  of  Virginia,"  &c.,  &c.  It  was  also  recognized  in  the  "  Case 
of  the  County  Levy,"  5  Call.  It  had  already  been  recognized  as  a  part 
of  the  Constitution  by  several  of  the  judges  delivering  opinions  in  the 
case  of  Kamper  v.  Hawkins,  i  Va.  Cases,  page  20. 

And  before  leaving  this  subject  let  us  state  that  Mr.  Campbell  is  mis- 
taken in  asserting  that  Virginia  owes  her  religious  freedom  to  either 
Thomas  Jefferson  or  Patrick  Henry.  She  owes  it  to  George  Mason, 
who  drafted  the  declaration  above  noticed  as  to  religious  freedom. 

Mr.  Campbell's  assertion  that  under  the  Pennsylvania  Constitution  of 
1790,  was  first  established  "  the  freedom  of  the  press,"  is  based  upon 
the  provision  therein  that,  '*  In  prosecutions  for  the  publications  of 
papers  investigating  the  official  conduct  of  officers  or  men  in  a  public 
capacity,  or  where  the  matter  published  is  proper  for  public  information, 
the  truth  thereof  may  be  given  in  evidence,'*  &c. 

But  in  1776  the  Virginia  Constitution  declared,  "  That  the  freedom  of 
the  press  is  one  of  the  great  bulwarks  of  liberty,  and  can  never  be 
restrained  but  by  despotic  governments."  And  it  appears  that  she  had 
no  need  to  adopt  the  further  provision  contained  in  the  Pennsylvania 
Constitution.  For  in  the  case  of  Commonwealth  v.  Morris,  i  Va.  Case, 
page  176-79.  the  General  Court  held  : 

"  In  this  Commonwealth,  the  second  article  of  the  Bill  of  Rights 
having  declared  *  that  all  power  is  vested  in,  and  consequently  derived 
from  the  people,  that  magistrates  are  their  trustees  and  servants,  and 
at  all  times  amenable  to  them,'  it  follows  as  a  necessary  consequence 
that  the  people  have  a  rjght  to  be  informed  of  the  conduct  and  char- 
acter of  their  public  agents.  In  the  case  of  an  indictment  for  a  libel 
against  public  officers  or  candidates  for  public  office,  truth  is  a  justifi- 
cation and  may  be  given  in  evidence,  so  far  as  it  may  tend  to  show  that 
person  libelled  was  unfit  for  the  office."  Hence  it  must  be  admitted 
that  Virginia  first  declared  for  and  established  the  freedom  of  the  press. 

In  order  for  Mr.  Campbell  to  establish  his  theory  that  the  Federal 
and  State  Governments  owe  more  to  Holland  than  to  England  for  their 
forms  and  principles,  it  was  not  necessary  for  him  to  have  announced 
that  with  Pennsylvania  we  "reach  the  limit  of  the  colonies  whose 
institutions,  except  that  of  slavery,  have  affected  the  American  Com- 
monwealth." For  he  states  the  fact,  that  the  familiarity  of  the  Virginia 
lawyers  of  colonial  times  with  the  history  of  the  Netherlands  has  been 
a  subject  of  comment  by  at  least  one  English  writer. 


TH  E 


Virginia  Magazine 


OF 


HISTORY  AND   BIOGRAPHY. 


Vol.  I.  OCTOBER,   1893.  No.  2. 


Letters  of  William  Fitztiugh. 

(continued.) 

June  5lh,  1682. 
Mr.  J  no.  Cooper, 

Sr:  In  my  last  by  Capt  Norrington  I  had  only  leisure  to 
acquaint  you  that  I  had  inclosed  Bills  Loading  for  18  hh^' 
shipped  in  him  and  consigned  to  you;  one  of  which  upon  my 
return  home  I  find  left  behind  but  three  omitted  in  the  bills  of 
Loading,  which  I  hope  you  have  since  found  out  in  the  Ship 
notwithstanding  that  omission  in  the  bills  Loading,  for  I  have 
sufficient  Evidence  to  prove  that  those  hh***  of  Tob°  so  marked 
and  numbered  as  are  omitted  in  tlie  bill  Loading  were  by  Capt 
Norrington' s  men  taken  away  from  the  respective  houses  where 
they  lay  upon  view  of  my  Notes  given  for  the  same  by  Evidence 
of  two  Sorts.  First,  I  have  Evidence  that  at  such  houses  so 
many  hh**  of  Tob°  of  such  a  Mark  and  Number  were  received 
for  me.  Secondly,  The  respective  Housekeeper  Deposes  that 
Capt  Norrington*  s  Seamen  carry*  away  that  very  Tob""  so  marked 
and  numbered  by  vertue  of  my  Notes  given  for  the  Same.  The 
Copys  of  which  Evidence  I  hope  to  get  ready  to  send  here  in- 
closed that  you  may  inform  Capt.  Norrington   thereof  which 


( 


106  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL    MAGAZINE. 

may  give  him  opportunity  to  enquire  the  truth  thereof  and  get 
me  Righted  without  Charge  to  himself  which  without  his  care 
there  may  chance  to  fall  upon  himself  here;  the  three  hh*'  left 
behind  were  numbered  7,  ii  &  14,  that  of  14  was  really  left  be- 
hind but  those  of  II  and  7  carry^  away  tho'    not  put  into  the 
bills   Loading.     I  have   received  your  four  letters  dated  22nd 
August;  14th  Sept^-  21st  Oct'  and  17th  Dec'  all  of  which  are 
now  by  me;  in  the  first  you  give  me  an  account  of  the  receipt  and 
mean  Market  for  my  Tob**  which  I  must  submit  to ;  its  in  vain 
for  me  to  repine  at  the  common  calamity.     In  that  of  the  14th 
Sept'  p.  Capt  Norrington,  I  received  inclos'd  my  Accompt  Cur- 
rent, Accompt  of  Sales  and  invoice  of  goods  brought  in  by  him 
which  goods  were  much  abused  on  board,  as  you'll  perceive  by 
my  receipt  given  upon  the  back  of  the  Bill  of  Loading;  what 
Right  I  may  have  therein  I  am  not  Merchant  enough  to  Know 
but  think  it  a  hard  measure  to  pay  freight  for  goods,  to  have 
them  carelessly  damnify*  d,  w*"*  without  farther  mentioning,    I 
refer  wholly  to  you./S'  The  Tob°  I  sent  you  I  can  say  little  in 
commendation  of;  for  my  skill  in  the  commodity  is  but  small 
but  four  hh**  No.  i,  2,  3,  4  were  sweet  scented  and  of  my  own 
crop  and  well  handled  in  the  opinion  of  the  knowingest  Plan- 
ters ;  the  Residue  were  Orinoko  and  the  choicest  my  Receiver 
could  pick  out  of  100  hh"*'  he  received  for  me;  how  it  will  prove 
there  with  you,  I  know  not,  but  will  not  despair  and  hope  the 
market  may  rise  upon  the  news  of  the  great  destruction  of  Tob** 
by  Cutters  and  Pluckers*  who  at  the  writing  hereof  have  not  yet 
desisted;  the  particulars  I  presume  you  have  fully  heard,  there- 
fore will  not  now  trouble  you  with;  and  for  the  farther  lessening 
the  quantity,  the  great  and  frequent  rains  have  largely  contribu- 
ted especially  to  those  living  in  low  Grounds. 

*  The  price  of  tobacco  having  fallen  to  a  very  low  point  in  the  spring 
of  1682,  and  all  hope  of  a  cessation  of  planting  by  the  command  of  the 
authorities  of  Virginia  and  Maryland  having  been  dismissed,  a  large 
number  of  the  planters  of  Gloucester,  New  Kent  and  Middlesex  coun- 
ties determined  to  reduce  the  quantity  of  the  crop  in  the  ground  by 
forcible  means.  They,  therefore,  proceeded  to  cut  up  the  plants  in  the 
beds,  running  in  great  disorder  from  one  plantation  to  another  with  this 
purpose  in  view.  Robert  Beverley  was  supposed  to  have  encouraged 
the  movement. 


LETTERS   OF   WILLIAM   FITZHUGH.  107 

In  your  Accompt  current  and  Letters  in  Oct'  and  Dec'  ;^  15, 
i8,oot  which  I  hope  before  the  receipt  of  this  you  have  reimbursed 
yourself,  and  withall  I  find  in  my  Acco^  of  sales  myself  charged  D' 
with  six  and  threepence  for  25  lb*  of  damnify' d  Tob°  which  I  pre- 
sume to  be  a  mistake  and  I  believe  I  ought  to  have  credit  given  me 
for  that  which  if  so  lighten  my  acco'  12,  6*,  therefore  desire  you  to 
inspect  that  Acco*  and  if  it  be  an  Error  to  rectify  it.  I  have  here 
inclosed  sent  you  Bills  of  Exchange,  one  drawn  by  Maj'  Thos. 
Youle  upon  yourself  for  ;^5,  one  other  of  M'  Chamberlain's  for 
£^  6,  10,  another  upon  M'  Burrage  of  Lyme,  which  I  assure 
myself  will  be  all  paid,  and  another  upon  M"  Bland  for  J[^20 
which  I  doubt  but  upon  sight  she  will  comply  with;  which  in  the 
whole  amounts  to  J[^  38,  10,  08.  S'  I  was  intended  to  have  sent 
you  ten  thousand  Pipe  Staves  and  four  hundred  feet  of  two  inch 
black  wallnut  Plank  but  could  not  get  freight  for  them ;  my  remote- 
ness from  shipping  and  my  long  absence  from  home  hindered  me 
from  taking  advantageous  opportunitys,  therein,  therefore  if  you 
find  it  may  turn  to  my  profit,  please  to  signifie  the  same  to  me 
by  the  first  opportunity  and  if  you  can  with  conveniency,  contrive 
me  freight  for  the  same ;  also  I  would  desire  you  to  enquire  the 
price  of  Ship^  trunnells  p.  thousand  and  inform  me  thereof  and 
if  you  find  that  trunnels  of  two  foot,  a  foot  and  a  half  and  a  foot 
in  length,  will  clear  one  with  another  £1^  or  ;^30  p.  thousand, 
take  me  freight  certain  for  40,  50,  60  or  70  thousand  for  the  low- 
ness  of  Tob*"  has  utterly  discouraged  me,  and  if  the  market  this 
year  rises  not,  I  have  small  encouragement  to  run  so  great  a 
Risque  to  have  nothing  considerable  for  my  Tob",  nay  less  by 
one  half  than  I  can  haVe  at  my  own  Door  without  either  Trouble 
or  hazard.  I  desire  you  to  speak  to  Capt  Norrington  or  any  of 
your  friends  being  master  of  a  ship  bound  for  Potomack  River  to 
bring  me  two  or  three  couple  of  Rabbits.  S'  My  wants  still 
continue  the  same  for  a  Bricklayer  or  Carpenter  and  should  be 
glad  to  have  either  of  them  consigned  to  me  tho.  some  of  the 
goods  were  let  alone,  I  am 

Sir  Your  Wff. 
To  Mr.  John  Cooper, 

Merchant  in  London. 


r 


108  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


February  nth  1682-3. 
Mr.  Jackson, 

As  to  your  Proposal  about  the  bringing  in  Negroes  next 
fall,  I  have  this  to  offer  and  you  may  communicate  the  same  to 
your  owners  and  Employers,  that  I  will  deal  with  them  for  so 
many  as  shall  amount  to  50,000  lbs  of  Tob°  and  cask  which  will 
be  about  20  hh"^  under  the  condition  and  at  these  ages  and 
prices  following,  to  say,  to  give  3,000  lbs  Tob"  for  every  Negro 
boy  or  girl,  that  shall  be  between  the  age  of  seven  and  eleven 
years  old  and  to  give  4,000  lbs  Tob"  for  every  youth  or  girl  that 
shall  be  between  the  age  of  11  to  15  and  to  give  5,000  lbs  Tob* 
for  every  young  man  or  woman  that  shall  be  above  15  years  of 
age  and  not  exceed  24,  the  said  Negroes  to  be  delivered  at  my 
landing  some  time  in  Sept^  next,  and  I  to  have  notice  whether 
they  will  so  agree  some  time  in  August  next.  And  I  do  assure 
you  and  so  you  may  acquaint  them,  that  upon  your  delivery  and 
my  receipt  of  the  Negroes  according  to  the  ages  above  men- 
tioned and  that  they  be  sound  and  healthfull  at  their  Delivery,  I 
will  give  such  sufficient  Caution  for  payment  of  the  Tob°  accord- 
ingly by  the  20"*  Dec'r  then  next  following  as  shall  be  approved 
of  The  ages  of  the  Negroes  to  be  judged  and  determined  by 
two  or  three  such  honest  and  reasonable  men  here  as  yourself 
shall  nominate  and  appoint.  The  whole  sum  of  the  Tob*  to  be 
paid  in  the  compass  of  twenty  miles,  perhaps  not  so  remote,  I 

am 

Your  Wff. 
To  Mr.  Jackson  of  Piscataway 

In  New  England  These.    I 


feby  5th  1682-3. 
Mrs.  Elea'  Cutt  and  M'  Geo.  Jeffries, 

At  the  instance  of  Mr.  Jackson,  though  unacquainted,  this 
comes  to  acquaint  you  that  I  apprehend  you  are  mistaken  in 
carrying  on  any  trade  in  our  Parts,  by  your  sending  your  goods 
to  purchase  her  own  Loading  which  puts  a  necessity  upon  your 
Dealer  to  sell  for  the  speed  of  his  market  great  deal  cheaper 
than  you  need  if  you  could  afford  a  stock  before  hand,  to  lie  in 
some  factor's  hands  in  this  Country  and  who  would  then  take  the 


LETTERS   OF   WILLIAM    FITZHUGH.  109 

Opportunity  of  his  Market  and  could  reduce  the  whole  loading 
to  lie  in  some  certain  places  to  be  immediately  taken  in  upon  the 
Arrival  of  your  vessel,  which  those  that  come  to  purchase  their 
Loading  are  forced  to  go  from  place  to  place  for,  so  that  the 
profit  of  the  voyage  if  you  purchase  very  cheap  (which  is  uncer- 
tain) is  eaten  up  by  the  length  of  Stay  necessarily  occasioned  by 
going  from  place  to  Place  to  fetch  the  several  parcels  of  wheat, 
besides  the  uncertainty  of  the  Market ;  those  things  would  be 
taken  away  by  settling  a  constant  factoridge  here  and  whatever 
commodity  you  had  a  mind  to,  or  gave  advice  of,^ight  be 
reasonably  and  certainly  every  year  purchased  and  the  vessel 
that  comes  for  it  quickly  dispatched  so  that  the  first  Stock  of 
money  being  dead  about  five  or  six  months  gives  these  advan- 
tages a  certain  and  sure  market,  an  eassie  chaAge  and  a  quick 
Dispatch,  which  is  the  life  and  profit  of  every  Trade.  What  I 
have  said  is  not  to  Court  your  Employ  but  to  satisfy  M'  Jackson. 

Your  Wflf. 


Jany  ist  1682-3. 
Majr.  Robt.  Beverly, 

Sr:     I  suppose  Mr.  Robinson  before  the  receipt  of  this  has 
been  so  kind  as  to  acquaint  you  that  your  tryal  will  be  easie,* 

*  "  Beverley  had  incurred  the  displeasure  of  the  Governor  and  Council 
by  refusing  to  deliver  up  to  them  copies  of  the  Legislative  Journals, 
without  permission  of  the  House.  Beverley  had  rendered  important 
services  in  suppressing  Bacon's  Rebellion,  and  had  won  the  special  favor 
of  Sir  .William  Berkeley;  but  as  circumstances  change,  men  change  with 
them,  and  now  by  a  steady  adherence  to  his  duty  to  the  assembly,  he 
drew  down  upon  his  head  unrelenting  persecution.  In  the  month  of 
May,  1682,  he  was  committed  a  close  prisoner  on  board  the  ship  Duke 
of  York,  lying  in  the  Rappahannock.  Ralph  Wormley,  Matthew  Kemp 
and  Christopher  Wormley  were  directed  to  seize  the  Records  in  Bev- 
erley's possession,  and  to  break  open  doors  if  necessary.  He  com- 
plained in  a  note,  addressed  to  the  captain,  and  claimed  the  rights  of  a 
free-born  Englishman.  He  was  transferred  from  the  Duke  of  York  to 
Captain  Jeffries,  commander  of  the  Concord,  and  a  guard  set  over  him. 
He  was  next  sent  on  board  of  Colonel  Custis's  sloop,  to  be  taken  to 
Northampton.  Escaping  from  the  custody  of  the  sheriff  of  York,  the 
prisoner  was  retaken  at  his  own  house,  in  Middlesex,  and  sent  to 


110  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

which  will  at  present  save  me  some  labour,  yet  to  correspond 
with  yours  and  my  word  I  shall  give  you  some  small  touches  in 
relation  to  your  tryal  which  will  be  very  suddenly.  Multiplicity 
of  business  at  present  a  little  disorders  me.  First  for  Imprison- 
ment see  Cap.  26  Magna  Charta.  I  refer  you  for  the  words  of 
the  Statute  itself.  I  shall  take  notice  of  Conclusions  drawn  from 
thence.  And  first  though  the  offence  whereof  he  was  accused 
was  such  as  he  was  not  baiable  by  Law,  yet  the  Law  did  so 
highly  hate  the  long  Imprisonment  of  any  man  though  accused 
of  an  odious  and  henious  Crime  that  it  gave  him  this  Writ  of 
Inquisition  for  his  relief  Secondly,  There  was  a  mean  whereby 
the  Common  Law,  before  the  Indictments  to  protect  the  inno- 
cent party  against  false  Accusations  and  to  deliver  him  out  of 
Prison.  And  a  *farther  Benefit  was  by  this  Law  in  favour  of 
Prisoners  that  he  should  have  it  without  fee  or  without  Denyal 
or  Delay;  for  more  of  this  see  the  Minor  Cap.  5***  Sect.  2.  But 
this  Writ  was  taken  away  by  the  28  Edw.  3,  but  within  twelve 
years  after,  it  was  enacted,  that  all  Statutes  made  against  Magna 
Charta  as  this  28  Edw.  3"^  should  be  void  so  that  is  again  re- 
vived. Nay,  the  Justices,  have  been  so  far  from  allowance  of 
any  one  being  detained  in  Prison  without  due  tryal,  that  it  was 
resolved  in  the  Case  of  the  Abbot  of  St.  Albans  by  the  whole 
Court  that  where  the  King  had  granted  to  the  said  Abbot  to 
have  a  Goal,  and  divers  persons  were  committed  to  that  Goal  for 
felony  and  because  the  Abbot  would  not  be  at  cost  to  make  De- 
liverance, he  detained  them  in  Prison  long  time  without  making 
lawful  Deliverance,  that  the  Abbot  had  for  that  Cause  forfeited 
his  franchises  &c.  See  Stat.  Glo.  Chapg.  H.  8,  4,  18,  20,  Edw. 
4,  6  Brooke  title  forfeiture  and  Cooke  upon  Magna  Charta  fo.  43 

Northampton,  on  the  Eastern  Shore.  Some  months  after  he  applied 
for  a  writ  of  habeas  corpus,  which  was  refused;  and  in  a  short  time, 
being  again  found  at  large,  he  was  remanded  to  Northampton.  In  Jan- 
uary, 1683,  new  charges  were  brought  against  him :  First,  that  he  had 
broken  open  letters  addressed  to  the  secretary's  office;  Secondly,  that 
he  had  made  up  the  Journal,  and  inserted  his  Majesty's  letters  therein* 
notwithstanding  it  had  first  been  presented  at  the  time  of  the  proroga- 
tion; Thirdly,  that  in  1682,  he  had  refused  copies  of  the  Journal  to  the 
Governor  and  Council,  saying  **he  might  not  do  it  without  leave  of  his 
masters."     CampbelVs  History  of  Virginia^  pp.  345,  346. 


LETTERS   OF   WILLIAM    FITZHUGH.  Ill 

and  many  such  like  cases.  And  it  is  provided  by  the  Statute 
5  H.  4  Cap.  lo  and  Cookes  Report  Lib.  9  fo.  119  that  none  be 
imprisoned  by  any  Justice  of  Peace  but  in  the  common  Goal  to 
the  end  that  they  may  have  tryal  at  the  next  Goal  Delivery. 
And  this  Statute  extendeth  to  all  other  Judges  and  Justices  for 
two  reasons,  First  This  Act  is  but  declaritory  of  the  Common 
Law.  Secondly,  Ubi  est  lex  special  is  et  ratio  est  generals  gener- 
aliter  accipiendum  est.  By  the  Statute  Glo.  Cap.  9,  you  may 
see  what  expedition  ought  to  be  used  for  avoiding  long  Im- 
prisonment (viz)  till  the  next  coming  of  the  Justices  and  conse- 
quently till  the  next  Court  for  tryal ;  From  whence  it  is  to  be 
observed  that  the  Law  of  England  is  lex  misericordiae  for  three 
Causes.  First  that  the  Innocent  shall  not  be  worn  away  and 
wasted  by  long  Imprisonment  but  as  hereby  and  by  Magna 
Charta  Spedily  come  to  his  tryal. 

Secondly  That  Prisoners  for  criminal  causes  where  they  are 
brought  to  their  tryal  be  humanely  dealt  with  all  for  Serveros 
quidern  facit  Institae  in  humano  non  facit.  Thirdly  The  Judge 
ought  to  exhort  him  to  answer  without  fear  and  that  Justice  shall 
be  duely  admmistered  to  him  Magna  Charta  Cap.  29.'  No  man 
shall  be  taken  or  imprisoned  or  dispossess' d  of  his  Lands,  lively- 
hood  or  liberty  unless  it  be  by  lawfuU  judgment  of  his  Equals  or 
by  due  course  and  Process  of  Law,  and  not  Petition  or  Sugges- 
tion, nay  though  it  were  to  the  King  and  Council;  see  this 
notably  explained  by  these  Acts  5  Edw.  3,  9,  25  Edw.  3,  4,  37 
Edw.  3,  8,  38,  Edw  3, 9,  42,  Edw  3,  3, 17,  Rich  2,  6  Cookes  reports 
Lib  10  fo.  71.  All  these  conclusions  upon  a  commitment  do 
follow:  First  that  he  or  they  that  do  commit  them  have  lawfull 
authority;  That  his  Warrant  or  Mittemus  be  lawfull  and  that 
must  be  in  writing  under  his  hand  and  Seal.  Thirdly,  The 
Causes  must  be  continued  in  the  Warrant  as  for  Treason  felony 
&c.  Fourthly  the  Warrant  or  Mittimus  containing  a  lawfull 
cause  ought  to  have  a  lawfull  conclusion  and  him  safely  to  keep 
untill  he  be  delivered  by  Law  &c  and  not  untill  the  party  com- 
miting  do  farther  order.  This  and  the  former  conclusions  do 
evidently  appear  by  the  Writs  of  Habeas  Corpus.  By  which 
Writs  it  Manifestly  appears  that  no  man  ought  to  be  committed 
but  for  some  certain  cause  and  those  words  in  the  Habeas  Cor- 
pus ad  subjiciendum  et  recipiendum  prove  that  Cause  must  be 


112  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

shewed  for  otherwise  how  can  the  Court  state  Orders  thereon 
according  to  Law.  And  this  agrees  with  Holy  Scripture  Acts 
Apostles  Cap.  25,  v  all.  It  seems  to  me  unreasonable  to  send 
away  one  bound  into  Prison  and  not  to  signifie  the  Cause  thereof. 
So  also  the  Petition  of  Right  3  Car.  Imprisonment  doth  not 
only  extend  to  false  Imprisonment  or  unjust  but  it  is  both  false 
and  unjust,  if  he  be  detained  longer  than  he  ought  although  at 
first  lawfully  imprisoned;  Cooke  Magna  Chata  fo.  53.  Good 
Judges  and  Justices  abhor  such  courses  as  the  Centurian  took 
against  S^  Paul,  Acts  Apostles  Cap.  22,  V  24,  27.  He  command- 
eth  Paul  to  be  bound  and  then  asked  who  he  was  and  what  he 
had  done.  For  Remedy  for  Injustice  done  in  this  nature  see 
Cooke  Magna  Charta  Cap.  29  fo.  55  and  56  and  there  you  will 
also  find  that  Justices  ought  to  have  three  qualities,  Libera 
quia  nihil  est  iniquius,  Vanali  justitia ;  Plena  quia  justitia  non 
debet  clandicare,  et  celeris  quia  dilatis  est  quaedam  negatis. 
And  then  it  is  both  justice  and  Right. 

Again  in  the  Statute  de  frangedibus  Prisonem,  there  you  may 
see  what  a  lawfull  mittimus  is.  First  it  must  be  in  writing  in  the 
name  and  under  the  hand  and  seal  of  him  that,  makes  the  same 
expressing  his  Office  Place  and  Authority,  by  force  whereof  he 
makes  mittimus  and  is  to  be  directed  to  the  Goaler  or  Keeper  of 
the  Prison.  Secondly  in  it  must  be  contained  the  cause  as  it 
expressly  appeareth  by  this  Act  with  such  convenient  certainty 
as  it  may  appear  judicially,  that  the  Offence  tale  indicium  re- 
quisit. 

And  this  is  proved  both  by  Reason  and  Authority.  By  reason 
first  for  that  it  is  in  case  of  felony  quae  indeniterlte  num'  Sup- 
plicium  and  therefore  ought  to  have  convenient  certainty  as 
aforesaid.  Secondly  for  that  a  voluntary  escape  is  felony  in  the 
Goaler  and  if  there  be  certainly  express'd.  Thirdly  If  the  Mit- 
timus should  be  good  Generally  pro  flonia  then  as  the  *  *  * 
is  Ignorantia  Judicies  foret  calamitas  Innocentis  and  therefore  in 
Reason  in  a  case  of  so  high  a  nature  concerning  the  life  of  man* 
the  convenient  certainty  ought  to  be  shewed.  By  Authority  for 
that,  the  Indictment  must  rehearse  the  effect  of  the  Mittimus. 

Thirdly  and  Lastly  see  the  resolutions  of  all  the  Judges  of 
England  in  their  21  and  22  Answers  to  the  objections  of  Arch- 
bishop Bancroft  in  behalf  of  all  the  clergy  of  England,  Tertio 


LETTERS   OF   WILLIAM   FITZHUGH.  113 

Jacobi.  They  answer  that  upon  complaint  they  ought  to  send 
the  Kings  Writ  for  the  Body  and  the  cause  and  if  in  the  return 
no  cause  or  no  sufficient  cause  appear,  that  then  they  ought  to 
set  him  at  liberty  &c;  This  to  the  21.  To  the  22  they  answer 
and  resolve  that  upon  complaint  made  unto  them  if  any  one  im- 
prisoned without  just  Cause,  we  are  to  send  to  have  the  body 
and  to  be  certified  of  the  cause  and  if  they  will  not  certify  us  of  the 
particular  cause  but  generally  without  expressing  any  particular 
cause  whereby  it  may  appear  to  us  his  imprisonment  to  be  just, 
then  we  do  and  ought  to  deliver  him.  Hereupon  it  appeareth 
that  the  common  Warrant  or  Mittimus  to  answer  to  such  things 
as  shall  be  objected  against  him  is  utterly  void  and  against  Law. 
Now  as  the  Mittimus  must  contain  a  certain  cause,  so  the  conclu- 
sive must  be  according  to  Law  (viz).  The  Prison  safely  to  keep 
uniill  he  be  delivered  by  due  order  of  Law  and  not  untill  he  that 
made  it  give  order  or  the  like. 

S'  This  is  what  at  present  occurs  and  what  is  to  be  taken 
notice  of  and  what  I  dare  and  do  avow  to  be  good  Authority. 
If  you  have  farther  occasion,  please  to  signifie  and  shall  be  ready 
to  serve  you  thereini  I  question  not  your  care  about  our  Tob** 
in  your  County  and  Gloucester;  to  urge  you  Diligence  would 
seem  to  make  doubt,  therefore  as  I  said  before  proceed  for  us  as 
for  yourself.     My  service  to  your  good  wife. 

Your  Wff. 
Esqr.  Wormley  and  all  friends  there. 
To  Maj  Robt.  Beverly. 


Janry  8,  1682-3. 
May  it  please  your  Excellency. 

Sr:  That  great  countenance  you  were  pleased  to  favour  me 
with  at  my  last  being  in  Town  more  especially  at  Green  Spring,* 
gives  occasion  to  this  to  assure  your  Lordship  that  in  my 
private  capacity  as  I  now  stand  in  this  Country  (having  had  the 
happiness  never  to  be  dignified  by  any  empty  title)  and  quiet- 
ness from  all  profitable  employments  therein,  I  have  and  stren- 

*The  residence  of  the  Colonial  Governors  near  Jamestown. 


114  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

uously  endeavour  to  assure  the  People  of  our  Parts  of  your 
Lordships  great  and  weighty  services  done  for  them  in  England 
particularly  about  your  elaborate  pains  in  answering  such 
weighty  objections  from  such  powerfull  Oppressers  in  that  most 
necessary  concern  of  Town  which  you  were  pleased  to  commu- 
nicate to  me,  as  also  your  just  resolution  for  regular  Proceedings 
by  the  known  Laws  of  England  which  though  sett  off  with  such 
poor  abilities  as  I  am  master  of  has  given  our  people  here  so 
great  and  general  satisfaction,  that  they  not  only  rejoice  that 
your  Lordship  is  happily  arrived  to  the  place  of  your  Government 
but  always  add  their  prayers  for  your  continuance  therein,  still 
with  this  respect  that  the  advantage  as  well  as  their  duties  might 
fully  answer  your  expectation.  I  must  beg  your  Honour's 
Pardon  if  I  have  not  given  a  full  relation  in  your  own  more 
immediate  concern  of  the  Quitrents,  not  want  of  will  but  a  dul- 
ness  in  my  apprehension,  not  thoroughly  understanding  your 
Lordship  is  the  occasion  thereof,  esteeming  better  be  silent  than 
to  give  imperfect  or  but  half  relations.  If  your  Lordship  thinks 
I  may  be  serviceable  to  you  therein  please  to  give  me  but  the 
least  intimation  and  the  utmost  of  my  endeavours  shall  not  be 
wanting.  This  Gentleman  the  bearer  hereof,  comes  purposely  to 
solicit  your  Excellency  for  the  high  sheriffs  place  of  our  county. 
I  dare  not  presume  to  move  in  his  behalf  yet  I  can  give  your 
Lordship  this  assurance  that  last  year  he  had  the  promice  of  it 
and  no  one  can  pretend  a  better  Right  if  a  right  might  be  admitted, 
for  his  Predecessor  died  in  the  Place  and  office,  in  the  late  unhappy 
troubles ;  his  enjoyment  of  it  gave  him  no  profit  but  abundance 
of  trouble  and  the  unhappy  inconsequency  of  contracting  debts 
throughout  the  County  out  of  his  own  Estate  which  his  poor 
Orphans  now  want.  And  his  motion  for  the  place  is  as  much  in 
behalf  of  the  poor  children  (He  being  their  Guardian)  as  for 
himself,  by  which  means  he  would  have  the  conveniency  of  get- 
ting in  without  charge  or  trouble  those  scattering  debts  to  their 
advantage.  Long  may  our  Lordship  quietly  and  happily 
govern  us,  under  his  most  sacred  Majesty  is  the  prayer  of 

Your  Lordship  &c. 

Wff. 
To  his  Excellency  Thomas 

Lord  Culpepper  p.  D'  Wm.  Bankes. 


LETTERS   OF  WILLIAM    FITZHUGH.    .  115 

January  8th,  1682-3. 
H<nCrd  Sir: 

This  Gentleman  my  neighbor  Docf  Bancks  is  come  pur- 
posely about  the  Sheriffs'  place.  I  assured  him  he  need  neither 
doubt  nor  question  your  assistance  and  therefore  I  advised  him 
to  apply  himself  to  you.  If  you  have  any  time  to  spare  with 
him  you  will  find  him  an  ingenuous  Gentleman  and  a  boon 
facetious  companion  and  one  that  will  gratefully  acknowledge 
your  favours.  S*"  I  hope  to  hear  from  you  by  the  bearer,  in 
which  I  am  sure  to  meet  with  a  full  satisfaction  of  all  transactions 
there.  My  most  humble  Service  to  your  honoured  Father  and 
a  kind  Remembrance  of  all  friends  else;  this  is  all  I  can  think 
of  at  present  farther  than  to  assure  you 

I  am  your  Wff. 
To  the  Honorable  Ralph  Wormley  Esqr.* 

*  Ralph  Wormeley,  of  *'  Rosegill,"  Middlesex  county,  Virginia,  born 
1650,  died  December  5,  1703  {Parish  Register),  was  a  son  of  Ralph 
Wormeley,  of  Rosegill  (member  of  the  House  of  Burgesses  and  Coun- 
cil), and  his  wife  Agatha  Eltonhead  (who  married,  secondly  Sir  Henry 
Chicheley,  Governor  of  Virginia).  He  matriculated  July  14,  1665,  at 
Oriel  College.  Oxford;  was  a  member  of  the  House  of  Burgesses,  1674, 
{Middlesex  Records);  appointed  member  of  the  Council,  1677,  {Sains- 
bury  Abstracts);  appointed  Secretary  of  State,  1693,  {Hotten's  Emi- 
grants); was  Collector  and  Naval  Officer  of  Rappahannock  river,  1692 ; 
one  of  the  first  trustees  of  William  and  Mary  College,  1693,  and,  in  the 
same  year,  President  of  the  Council  {Journal).  He  inherited  and 
acquired  a  very  large  estate,  and  had  so  much  influence,  that  Hartwell, 
Blair  and  Chilton,  in  "  The  Present  State  of  yirginia,^^  1699,  speak  of 
the  struggle  of  the  trustees  of  the  College  (about  certain  lands)  with 
"the  greatest  man  in  Virginia,  Mr.  Secretary  Wormeley."  He  mar- 
ried first  Catherine,  daughter  and  heiress  of  Sir  Thomas  Lunsford, 
Bart.  She  is  styled  in  the  Parish  Register  \n  1685,  "The  Hon.  Lady 
Catherine  Wormeley,'*  and  though  not  so  stated  in  the  accounts  of  the 
family,  appears  to  have  been  the  widow  of  Peter  Jenings,  Attorney- 
General  of  Virginia ;  for  Catherine  widow  of  Col.  Peter  Jenings  sues 
in  the  General  Court,  and  in  1674,  Wormeley  sues  as  marrying  the 
widow — Christian  name  not  given — of  the  same  person.  By  her, 
Wormeley  had  only  a  daughter,  Elizabeth,  who  married  in  1703,  John 
Lomax,  of  Essex  county  (De  Bow's  Review,  xxvi,  129).  He  married 
secondly,  Feb.  1687,    Madam   Elizabeth   Armistead,  daughter  of  Col. 


116  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


January  8th,  1682-3. 
Mr.  Roger  Jones. 

This  day  I  had  report  of  Blagg's  arrival.  This  Gentleman 
the  bearer  being  bound  directly  down  to  your  parts  and  Blaggs' 
house  being  not  far  out  of  his  way,  he  assured  me  he  would  pur- 
posely call  and  give  you  a  true  and  certain  relation  thereof. 
This  Gentleman  is  come  to  my  Lord  to  move  for  the  Sheriffs 
place  of  our  County,  I  desire  you  in  his  behalf  to  give  him  what 
assistance  you  can  in  it;  a  small  converse  with  him  I  am  sure 
will  endear  him  to  you  for  you  will  find  him  as  well  supplied 
with  gratitude  to  acknowledge  and  when  it  lies  in  his  power,  to 
kindness  as  facetious  and  Jocose  in  boon  jovial  Company. 

S*"  Assure  yourself  the  ready  est  ways  and   easiest  shall    be 
sought  to  do  you  Service  that  thereby  you  may  be  assured  I  am 

Your  Wflf. 
To  Mr.  Roger  Jones  at  Green  Springs 
p.  Doct'  Wm.  Bankes. 


March  loth,  1682-3. 
Mr.  John  Cooper, 

Sr:  This  comes  by  Capt  Smith  where  you'll  find  19  hh** 
of  Tob"  consigned  to  your  self  as  p.  bills  of  Loading  will  appear. 
I  can  assure  you  it  is  as  good  a  parcel  of  Tob**  as  ever  I  saw  of 
the  Sort,  most  of  it  of  my  own  crop,  which  I  myself  took  care 
to  see  well  handled  and  Sorted;  the  remainder  which  is  7  hh*'  I 
saw  them  well  pack'd  and  therefore  am  Sure  it  is  good;  if  this 
doth  not  suite  the  market  and  get  a  price,  its  in  vain  for  me  to 
think  of  shipping  any  more  Tob^  Just  as  I  am  writin  I  have 
news  of  Capt  Norrington's  arrival,  by  whom  I  expect  to  hear 
farther  from  you;  all  that  I  have  yet  this  year  received  was  one 

-     —  -  -  -  * 

John  Armistead,   of   Gloucester  county  {Parish   Register),   and   had 
several  sons  and  daughters. 

,  His  will,  dated  Feb  22, 1700,  and  proved  April  7,  1701,  is  on  record  in 
Middlesex  See  "  Recollections  of  Admiral  Ralph  Randolph  IVornie- 
ley^'  (which  contains  some  errors  of  detail);  and  Hayden's  Virginia 
Genealogies,  230,  &c. 


LETTERS   OF   WILLIAM    FITZHUGH.  117 

letter  p  Capt  Harris.  Business  and  the  small  encouragement 
Tob**  gave  was  the  occasion  I  writ  no  oftener  and  larger  to  you 
last  year,  but  this  year  being  sure  the  first  is  something  abated 
and  in  hopes  the  latter  is  amended,  I  shall  be  more  ample  and 
frequent  in  my  letters  and  advices.  The  first  thing  that  I  have 
of  necessity  to  advise  you,  is  that  I  have  charged  bills  upon  you 
payable  to  Mr  Jn**  Bowden  for  the  use  of  Cap'  Elisha  Mellowes 
of  Barbadoes  for  ;^35,  02,  10  at  eighty  days  sight  which  I  hope 
you  have  effects  of  mine  to  comply  with  before  the  time  of  pay- 
ment. I  took  so  large  a  time  that  I  might  have  a  full  opportu- 
nity of  advising  you  thereof  and  of  remitting  the  effects.  (S^  I 
have  a  proposal  of  Trade  if  Yourself  or  any  of  your  friends  ap- 
prove of  it,  the  manner  this.  To  send  a  small  vessel  of  about  200 
or  250  hh**"  burden  at  most  which  I  will  undertake  to  give  her 
notes  for  Loading,  within  a  month  at  farthest  after  her  arrival 
and  that  witliin  twenty  miles  compass,  which  is  but  a  small  Dis- 
tance here,  upon  this  condition,  to  have  well  bought  goods  and 
bought  with  ready  money  delivered  at  my  Landing  at  10  Sh.  p 
cent  without  any  advance  or  if  you  think  that  not  convenient, 
because  of  the  uncertainty  of  the  Market,  then  give  me  an  allow- 
ance of  21*'*  Tob®  in  the  hundred  weight  of  Tob**  more  than  the 
general  Market  goes  at  in  our  parts,  upon  the  arrival  of  the  said 
vessel  for  ray  Commission,  Expedition,  Storage  and  Insurance 
of  the  'whole  and  all  other  incident  charges  that  Traders  here 
necesssrily  lie  at.  Provided  the  Ship  comes  not  before  some  time 
in  Dec'  and  I  have  notice  thereof  by  the  forward  Ships  in  Sept', 
Oct',  or  Nov'  though  I  desire  none  of  the  goods  till  her  arrival. 
By  this  trade  here  will  be  a  great  charge  Saved  in  the  long  stay 
ships  generally  make  here,  being  often  times  forced  to  run  from 
one  end  of  the  Country  to  the  other  almost,  which  eats  out  the 
profit  of  a  good  market,  besides  Sloop  hire,  the  allowance  to 
your  factor,  and  merchants,  the  uncertainty  of  purchasing  Tob® 
and  if  purchased  many  times  lying  out  and  behind,  and  some 
bad  debts  never  to  be  recovered ;  on  the  other  side,  as  soon  as 
your  Ship  Arrive  She  may  be  taking  in  Tob**,  her  whole  Loading 
certain,  the  Distance  the  Tob**  lies  at,  small,  so  that  two  or  three 
flatts  will  presently  load  her  and  by  that  means  save  Sloop  hire.  ) 
About  one  third  or  near  one  half  of  the  loading  will  be  in  one 
place  together  which  she  may  well  take  in  four  days.  As  soon 
as  I  see  Cap*  Norrington  (which  I  now  every  day  expect)  I  shall 


118  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL  MAGAZINE. 

discource  him  farther  therein  and  if  he  thinks  the  proposal  will 
be  approved,  I  shall  then  be  more  large  by  the  next  conveniency 
and  withal  manifest  to  him  Something  of  my  method  to  proceed 
therein  and  shall  desire  him  to  give  you  an  account  whether  I  am 
fully  fitted  and  capable  for  such  an  undertaking.     I  am 

Sr  Your  Wff. 
To  Mr.  John  Cooper. 

Just  as  I  was  concluding  my  lett'  I  rec^  my  lett'  from  on  board 

Cap'  Norrington  one  bearing  date  25  and  28*^  Oct'  and  the  other 

19*^  Dec'  wherein  I  have  so  low  account  of  my  Tob*  that  it  is  not 

worth  Shipping.     I  also  find  by  them  you  have  sent  me  none  of 

my  goods  and  indeed  had  no  effects  of  mine  to  procure  them. 

Now  I  postively  desire  you  to  desist  from  sending  me  any,  but 

once  again  desire  you  comply  with  the  bills  of  ;^35,  02,  10.     I 

have  also  shipped  some  Tob"  out  of  York  from  myself  and  M' 

Brent  from  whom  I  suppose  you  will  hear  by  the  next  Ship   *  * 

Capt  Harris  in  the  Gerard,  also  from  self  too.     We  neither  of  us 

yet  knew  what  to  write  in  that  affair,  because  we  have  not  as  yet 

any  account  what  quantity  of  Tob""  is  Shipped  nor  on  what  ship, 

nor  what  freight  which  we  now  every  day  expect  and  then  shall 

take  the  first  conveniency  to  give  you  an  ace'  thereof.     The 

hopes  of  a  better  market  this  year  makes  me  large  now,  and  will 

encourage  to  write  by  all  opportunities.     I  desire  you  to  take 

care  of  the  inclosed  to  Madam  Bland;  I  have  sent  it  open  that  you 

may  see  her  mistake  and  withall  have  writ  to  her  to  pay  you  the 

whole  or  part  of  the  money  as  p  perusal  of  her  letter  you'll  see; 

what  you  can  get,  receive  upon  my  acco';  once  again  I  desire 

your  Careful  Disposal  of  my  Tob** 

Your  Wff. 
To  Mr.  Jno.  Cooper  in  London  Mech'  p 

Capt  Thomas  Smith. 


March  19th  1682-3 
Madam  Sarah  Bland.* 

By  what  miscarriage  I  know  not,  you  have  not  received 

*Mrs  Sarah  Bland  was  the  wife  of  John  Bland,  the  London  Merchant, 
whose  memorial  on  the  effects  of  the  Navigation  Act  appears   else- 


LETTERS   OF  WILLIAM    FITZHUGH.  119 

that  letter  I  last  year  sent  you,  wherein  I  gave  you  an  account  of 
yor  business,  with  reference  to  M*"  Blaytons  more  particular 
relations;  the  sum  of  it  was  that  I  used  my  utmost  endeavour  in 
the  manas^ement  of  all  your  business  at  the  General  Court,  but 
after  long  Argument  they  concluded  to  enter  Judgment  as  form- 
erly, which  you  know  was  against  you,  from  which  Judgment  I 
offered  to  Appeal  and  it  was  allowed  me,  but  then  Security  must 
be  had  which  I  could  not  obtain,  for  M''  Blayton  utterly  refused 
and  then  I  knew  not  who  to  apply  to,  to  get  Security  for  want  of 
which  I  could  not  have  an  appeal  in  my  business.  I  know  not 
how  you  left  your  business  with  M'^  Blayton,  but  this  I  was 
thoroughly  sensible  that  no  Appeal  here  will  be  granted  without 
Security,  and  how  you  became  so  remiss  in  your  own  business 
as  not  to  take  care  therein,  know  not,  or  whether  you  have  been 
disappointed  by  Blayton.  When  I  found  I  could  get  no  Security 
whereby  to  obtain  the  Appeal,  I  was  forced  to  suffer  that;  I  could 
not  avoid  Judgment  to  pass  against  you  in  all  but  Coll^  Codd's 
business  which  for  gaining  time,  I  got  to  be  conditional,  under 
pretence  of  making  an  amicable  composure,  but  got  myself  to 
be  one  concerned  in  the  composing  thereof,  together  with  M' 
Blayton  and  M*^  Minge  who  I  thought  would  be  stiff  to  your  In- 
terest, that  thereby,  I  might  have  spun  out  time  till  I  could  have 
heard  farther  from  you  and  received  the  King's  Order;  that  I  cer- 
tainly expected  well  knowing  that  I  could  break  all  to  pieces  and 
bring  it  again  to  the  General  court,  which  course  I  reckoned 
would  gain  a  year's  time  whereby  you  might  have  your  full  op- 

where  in  this  number.  She  was  the  mother  of  Giles  Bland,  who  was 
sent  to  Virginia  by  his  father,  John  Bland,  to  manage  the  plantations 
which  he  owned  in  that  colony,  which  had  previously  been  in  the 
charge  of  Theodorick  Bland.  Giles  Bland  became  involved  in  a  quar- 
rel with  Thomas  Ludwell,  and  was  heavily  fined. 

He  participated  in  the  Rebellion  of  1676,  on  the  side  of  Bacon,  and 
was  hung  for  the  part  which  he  took  in  that  movement.  Between  1680 
and  1682,  Mrs.  Bland  was  engaged  in  a  number  of  suits,  first  in  Virginia 
and  afterwards  before  the  privy  Council  in  England.  {British  State 
J^apers.)  The  points  in  dispute  were  finally  submitted  by  agreement 
of  the  parties  to  referees  in  Virginia.  Thomas  Clayton  and  Isaac  Aller- 
ton  were  appointed  as  such  by  the  Lords  of  Trade  and  Plantations,  and 
if  they  died  before  March  25,  1686,  Henry  Hartwell  and  George  Brent 
Mrere  to  take  their  place. 


120  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

portunity  to  make  your  best  advantage  thereof  in  England. 
But  M'  Blayton  unknown  to  me  or  without  the  least  Intimation 
or  signification  thereof  did  afterwards  make  up  and  compose  the 
business  with  Codd  and  in  your  behalf,  and  as  your  Attorney 
gave  him  full  absolute  and  generall  discharge  from  the  whole 
business,  at  which  I  was  both  troubled  and  ashamed  and  ques- 
tioned him  about  it,  he  answered  me  he  thought  it  was  to  your  ad- 
vantage and  he  had  power  sufficient  from  you  to  Justify  what  he 
did  and  farther  told  me  I  was  no  farther  concerned  in  your  busi- 
ness, but  just  to  appear  in  Court  for  you,  and  for  what  he  had 
done  he  would  fully  answer  it  to  you  and  give  you  a  particular 
relation  thereof  together  with  the  Copys  of  all  the  proceedings 
therein,  and  truly  did  shew  me  a  long  letter,  which  he  designed  to 
send  to  you  endeavouring  therein  to  justifie  and  vindicate  his 
proceedings  which  did  not  seem  reasonable  to  me;  how  it  will  do 
to  you,  I  know  not.  Thus  Madam  I  have  given  a  general 
account  of  your  business;  the  particular  relation  (and  indeed 
very  pernicious  to  yourself)  I  refer  M'  Blayton.  I  am  sorry 
your  business  hath  no  better  Success;  it  was  not  for  want  of  will 
or  endeavour  in  me,  and  that  I  might  be  well  strengthened  I  got 
M*"  Brent  to  stand  by  it  upon  my  own  account  which,  I  hope  I 
shall  not  suffer  in  and  I  am  to  assure  you  deserves  your  thanks. 
Had  not  your  Plenipotentiary  M'  Blayton  foolishly  compl'd  and 
ended  Codds  business  and  had  either  by  himself  or  his  Procure- 
ment got  Security  to  prosecute  the  Appeal,  you  might  have 
had  them  in  England  by  this  time. 

.  I  have  neither  seen  the  King's  Order  nor  heard  a  thing  of  it  from 
M*^  Blayton  though  I  was  at  Town  at  my  Lords  Arrival  and 
eight  days  after,  but  the  copy  of  it  that  came  in  with  your  order 
dated  24  August  1682,  and  doubt  that  rash  and  foolish  compos- 
ure of  M'  Blayton  has  utterly  destroyed  the  good  effect  of  that 
mandate,  for  he  as  your  Attorney  fully  released  him  and  enter*  d 
the  said  Release  upon  the  General  Court  Records,  as  I  told  you 
before  unknown  to  me.  I  may  present  your  bill  drawn  upon  M' 
Blayton,  but  I  believe  he'll  not  answer  it,  because  when  I  urged 
him  to  be  Security  in  the  Appeals,  alledging  for  reasons  that  he 
had  sufficient  Effects  of  you^'s  in  his  hands,  his  answer  was  that 
he  had  nothing,  and  therefore  could  not  with  safety  be  your  se^ 
curity  &c.     I  therefore  desire  you  if  you  cannot  pay  the  whole 


LETTERS   OF   WILLIAM    FITZHUGH.  121 

presently  down  with  conveniency,  Pay  part  to  M'  Cooper  and  at 
your  own  leisure  pay  the  Remainder,  or  if  money  be  scase  with 
you,  please  to  procure  me  a  Suit  of  Tapestry  hangings  for  a 
Room  twenty  foot  long,  sixteen  foot  wide  and  nine  foot  high  and 
half  a  dozen  chairs  suitable  and  take  your  time  to  pay  the  Re- 
mainder. Madam,  I  thank  your  kind  Recommends  to  M"" 
Blaithwait  and  please  to  assure  him  in  anything  I  am  capable  to 
serve  him;  if  he  pleases  to  give  me  the  least  signification  of  any 
particulars  that  he  desires  satisfaction  in,  relating  to  this  Country, 
I  shall  be  ready  and  willing  to  serve  him  with  my  utmost  abilitys. 

Madam  your  Wff. 
To  Mrs.  Sarah  Bland 

At  the  office  in  Broad  Street  London 

sub  Cover  Mr.  John  Cooper. 


May  22nd  1683. 
Mr.  John  Cooper, 

Sr.  I  shall  only  in  this  take  notice  that  I  have  formerly 
wrote  you  p.  Capt.  Smith  and  Capt.  Harris  at  large  and  in  them 
given  you  full  Instructions  to  proceed  in  my  business;  nothing 
hath  since  occured,  only  one  bill  I  have  drawn  upon  you  pay- 
able I  think  to  M'  Richard  Gotey  and  Company  which  I  desire 
you  to  give  due  acceptance.  In  my  next  shall  be  more  large; 
at  present  I  have  not  opportunity  and  conveniency,  only  take 
this  opportunity  to  tell  you,  that  this  day  I  have  ordered  six 
hh'**  Tob**  to  you  by  Capt.  Norrington  at  ;^5,  lo  p.  tonn,  clear  of 
Import  and  Country  duties,  also  that  Capt.  Norrington  had  of  me 
6240  pipe  staves  towards  his  Barbadoes  freight  when  designed 
thither;  this  day  I  received  his  lett'  that,  he  hath  got  a  freight 
for  England  (which  now  I  am  sure  of  though  I  heard  it  long 
since  p.  report  and  cannot  reasonably  carry  my  pipe  staves  at 
halves  thither,  as  it  was  agreed  he  should  do  to  Barbadoes,  and 
therefore  desires  me  to  take  reasonable  price  for  them;  upon  his 
request  I  am  willing  to  take  at  the  rate  of  50  shillings  p.  thou- 
sand and  a  hamper  of  Canary,  under  which  rate,  I  have  never 
sold  and  therefore  desire  you  p.  this  (if  I  should  not  have  an 
opp>ortunity)  to  take  his  bills  of  Exchange  for  the  money  and  a 


J 


122  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL    MAGAZINE. 

note  for  the  Canary,  to  demand  and  receive  the  same  of  him 
which  I  am  confident  upon  the  first  demand  he  will  readily  pay 
I  desiring  no  more  of  him  in  this  Streight,  than  if  he  had  en- 
deavoured to  beat  down  the  lowest  of  the  market;  also  if  I 
should  not  have  opportunity  to  get  bills  Loading  for  my  Tob", 
I  desire  you  p.  this  my  letter  to  take  up  the  same  and  dispose  to 
my  best  advantage^  I  only  write  this  lest  I  may  want  opportu- 
nity to  get  bills  Loading  for  my  Tob°  which  I  hope  I  shall  not. 
I  forgot  to  give  you  an  account  of  one  single  letter  I  sent  you 
by  one  Capt.  Davis  of  Lime,  who  promised  to  take  care  to  de- 
liver it. into  the  Post  Office,  by  which  have  desired  you  to  send 
me  3  dozen  Gallon. Stone  Juggs  and  two  dozen  two  Gallon  Stone 
Juggs,  which  I  hope  you  will  take  care  in,  as  in  all  the  rest  of 
my  things  I  have  sent  for,  to  take  care  your  self  that  they  may 
be  good  of  the  sort.  Sir  I  hope  you  will  give  me  a  particular 
answer  by  the  very  first  ship  to  that  Proposal  of  Trade  that  I 
sent  you  about  in  my  former,  if  you  or  your  friends  approve  of 
it  and  are  minded  to  be  in  this  year,  give  me  but  timely  notice 
and  suite  out  a  cargo  for  the  ship  in  coarse  goods  such  as  are 
useful  for  the  country,  especially  remembering  Iron  ware,  and  it 
shall  be  fully  comply' d  with  on  my  part.  I  know  not  at  present 
what  farther  to  add.  6240  Pipe  staves  at  50  shillings  p.  thousand 
is  ;^I5,  12,  00  and  a  hamper  of  Canary.  6  hh**"  marked  WF  N* 
I  to  6.  I  desire  timely  and  frequent  advice  the  fore  part  of  this 
year.  I  have  farther  to  advise  you  of  bills  of  Exchange.  I 
have  drawn  upon  you  for  ;^8,  13,  00  payable  to  Mr.  Josiah 
Bacon  of  London  Merchant,  which  I  desire  you  to  accept  and 
would  rather  have  you  let  alone  some  of  my  things  sent  for  than 
protest,  but  if  this  Should  happen  to  be  presented  before  Cap* 
Norrington's  arrival,  in  whose  hands  there  will  be  money  and  in 
his  Ship  Tob^,  I  desire  you  to  get  so  much  time  if  possible  till  his 
arrival,  upon  which  I  am  confident  you  will  both  accept  and  pay. 

I  am  ^"^^*^. 

Your  WfT. 
To  Mr.  Jn'  Cooper  of  London,  Merdtit. 


\^     April  13th,  1683. 
Honoured  Sir,  \ 

I  presume  you  may  have  opportunity  at' Town  this  General 
court,  to  have  the  opinion  of  the  Society  of  S^rveyers  concern- 


LETTERS   OF   WILLIAM   FITZHUGH.  123 

ing  the  difference  of  Land  betwixt  you  and  Burbudge.  Mr. 
Scarlet  is  gone  purposely  to  Town  to  enquire  therein,  for  which 
reason  I  thought  fit  to  give  you  this  notice,  that  he  might  not  be 
beforehand  with  you  in  his  Enquiry.  S'  I  have  here  inclosed 
sent  you  the  Remainder  of  Nat.  Garland's  papers,  the  rest  he 
has  himself,  that  is,  the  Dedimus  and  Examination  thereupon, 
which  entreat  the  favour  to  deliver  him  or  his  Attorney  there; 
they  object  against  the  legality  thereof,  which  your  Hon'  will  be 
then  ready  to  assert;  then  they  object,  they  had  no  notice.  I 
have  Deposed  that  fourteen  days  at  least  before  the  Examina- 
tions taken,  I  gave  him  notice,  for  I  think  it  was  about  three 
weeks  before  that  I  ordered  Nat  Garland  to  go  to  your  Hon'  for 
a  Dedimus  and  drew  him  out  his  interogatories  and  "immediately 
thereupon  gave  the  Parson  notice  thereof;  then  a  week  afterwards 
when  Nat  Garland  was  preparing  his  business  and  sent  me  an 
account  what  Evidences  he  had  prepared  and  what  they  could 
say  and  as  near  the  time  and  place  for  their  Examination  as  he 
could  guess,  I  gave  the  Parson  notice  again,  which  was  a  fort- 
night before  the  Execution  of  the  Dedimus;  then  again  immedi- 
ately upon  the  receipt  of  the  Dedimus,  I  gave  him  farther  notice 
which  I  think  sufficient  to  take  that  scruple.  I  desire  you  will 
inform  Nat  or  his  Attorney  of  this.  I  am  forced  to  give  your 
Hon'  this  trouble  because  I  am  not  certain  what  Attorney  to 
direct  it  to,  nor  certain  of  his  being  in  Town  and  am  very  un- 
willing he  should  miscarry  in  so  just  a  cause,  by  such  an  egre- 
gious Baffer 

Sir  Your  Wflf. 
To  the  Honble.  Collo.  Richard  Lee. 


May  23d  1683. 
HorCrd  Sir^ 

Just  now  received  yours  from  your  Quarter,  and  should  have 
been  glad  if  Mr.  Brent's*  occasions  would  have  afforded  him  so 

*  George  Brent,  nephew  of  Giles  Brent,  prominent  in  the  early  his- 
tory of  Maryland,  and  son  of  George  Brent,  of  Worcestershire,  Eng- 
land (and  his  wife  Marianne,  daughter  of  Sir  John  Peyton,  of  Dodding- 
ton),  settled  in  Stafford  county,  Virginia,  where  he  acquired  large 
estates,  called  "Woodstock,"  and  "Brenton."  He  was  a  Catholic; 
but,  May  2d,  1683,  he  was  appointed,  by  the  Governor  and  Council, 


124  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL    MAGAZINE. 

much  time,  to  have  had  the  Station  of  your  case  ready  for  you 
now,  to  have  sent.  Mr.  Brent  did  at  his  coming  up  acquaint  me 
there  with  and  left  my  Breviates  with  me  to  prepare  the  Chief 
heads  of  the  Cause  which  I  undertook  and .  have  them  almost 
ready;  and  Mr.  Brent  promised  to  be  forthwith  down  with  me  so 
soon  as  he  had  rested  himself  and  settled  his  domestick  affairs; 
since  I  have  not  heard  from  him,  we  every  day  expect  him;  so 
soon  as  he  comes  down  or  if  he  stays  much  longer,  Fll  send 
purposely  up  to  him  at  which  time  we  shall  take  carefully  to  con- 
clude it  and  then  Til  take  care  to  give  it  an  immediate  convey- 
ance to  Jo.  Mason's.  I  hope  it  may  be  but  I  cannot  promise 
before  Rider  sails.  Now  S'  I  have  given  you  an  assurance  of 
my  ready  devotion  to  your  service.  I  must  be  sensible  and  take 
notice  of  those  dubious  words  in  your  letter  (will  not  deny)  as  if 
you  doubted  my  complyance  to  your  commands,  which  assure 
yourself  nothing  but  an  unavoidable  necessity  shall  ever  make 
me  neglect  or  disobey  any  the  least  of  them.  And  I  am  confi- 
dent you  are  both  so  good  and  just  not  to  condemn  any  man 
unheard  or  which  is  worse  upon  uncertain  report  notwithstand- 
ing your  short  but  sharp  reproof  in  your  letter,  when  I  shall 
make  it  plainly  appear  to  you  that  I  had  not  only  a  willingness 
but  an  earnest  propensity  to  have  afforded  you  my  mean  Service 
at  the  General  Court,  but  an  unavoidable  necessity  prevented; 
which  as  soon  as  I  shall  have  time  fully  to  inform  you,  then 
you'll  esteem  me  (as  heretofore  I  please  myself  to  think)  you 

have  done 

Your  Wff. 
To  the  Hon*''''  Ralph  Wormley  Esqr. 

Receiver- General  north  of  the  Rappahannock  ( G7«i^fly  Robinson's  Notes 
from  General  Court  Records),  and  July  lo,  1690,  was  appointed  Ranger- 
General  of  the  Northern  Neck  {Sainsbury  Abstracts),    In  1693,  George 
and   Robert  Brent  (his  brother)  "  being  papists,**  were  forbidden  to 

practice  law.     He  married  (I)  ,  a  daughter  of  Captain  William 

Green,  and  niece  of  Sir  William  Layton  (some  fragments  of  her  tomb 
remain  at  Acquia  Church,  with  the  words — as  reported  to  us,  *'  daughter 
*  *  of  Sir  William  Layton,  of  Horsmandene,  Worcestershire, 
her  age  31  years  *'),  and  (II)  in  1687,  a  daughter  of  Col.  Henry  Seawell, 
of  Maryland  (whose  widow  married  Lord  Baltimore);  and  had  numerous 
issue.  (See  "  Pedigree  of  Brent,  of  Cossington,  Somersetshire,"  and  of 
the  Brents  of  Maryland  and  Virginia,  in  De  Bow's  Review,  xxvi,  487- 
502). 


LETTERS    OF   WILLIAM    FITZHUGH.  126 

June  25th  July  loth. 
May  it  please  your  Lordship. 

I  made  an  Overture  to  Mr.  Brent  your  Lordship's  Agent  for 
our  Parts,  that  I  would  if  you  pleas' d  purchase  out  the  fee  Sim- 
ple of  the  Rents,  profits,  commoditys  &c.  of  this  Parish  wherein 
I  live,  which  goes  by  the  name  of  the  lower  Parish  of  Stafford 
and  Contains  in  it  about  28000  acres.  I  believe  there's  not  *  * 
*  *  acres  more  or  less;  it  will  not  be  long  uncertain,  for  Mr. 
Brent  is  now  making  a  strict  enquiry  into  every  oi\es  tenure 
and  quantity  of  Land,  and  by  that  time  you  can  send  in  your 
resolve  to  what  I  shall  now  propose;  he  will  have  made  a  full 
and  perfect  Discovery  and  it  being  fully  settled  there  can  be  no 
addition  or  Increment  of  Land  added  to  it,  the  whole  having 
been  upwards  of  twenty  four  years  ago  taken  up  and  Pattented. 
I  will  give  your  Lordship  eight  years  Purchase  for  it  according 
to  the  true  Value  it  now  stands  at. 

The  Rent  of  28000  acres  at  12^'*  Tob"  p  hundred,  which  is  the 
Rent  that  is  and  always  has  been  paid  comes  to  3360*'*  Tob**  p 
annum  so  that  the  purchase  in  Tob"  comes  to  26880  which  I  will 
pay  in  ready  good  choice  Tob°  or  if  your  Lordship  had  rather 
deal  for  money  I  will  pay  it  at  the  rate  of  six  shillings  p.  Cent 
which  is  the  highest  Rate  (to  our  sorrow  be  it  spoken)  Tob"  in 
our  parts  bears,  which  amounts  to  ;^8o,  12,  6  and  will  pay  your 
Lordship  an  acknowledgement  of  an  ear  of  Indian  Corn  &c. 
If  your  Lordship  likes  the  Offer  but  should  think  the  quantity 
too  small,  I  am  very  willing  to  double  the  quantity  at  the  same 
rate,  that  is  to  take  a  like  quantity  on  the  north  side  of  Rappa- 
hannock, which  will  be  exactly  contiguous  to  our  Parish.  I  pre- 
sume your  Lordship  knows  that  the  whole  that  I  propose  to 
purchase  comes  near  any  Land  newly  taken  up  or  to  be  taken  up. 

Your  Lps.  Wff. 
To  the  Right  Honb**'"  Thomas 

Lord  Culpeper  Baron  &c. 


July  loth  1683. 
Mr.  Richard  Page. 

According  to  my  promise  I  take  this  opportunity  to  assure 

you  that  what  lies  in  my  power  shall  not  be  wanting  to  serve 


126  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

you  especially  in  those  concerns  committed  to  my  care  and  con- 
duct; I  question  not  but  you  will  also  be  mindful!  of  your 
promise  to  me,  in  the  chairs,  carpets  and  good  Ale.  All  affairs 
here  stand  just  as  you  left  them,  only  Doct'  Hall  is  not  altogether 
so  mad  and  Mr.  Ashton  constrained  to  be  more  sober  for  want  of 
drink;  neither  have  I  heard  any  fighting  news  lately  from  Coll" 
Mason,  which  gives  me  occasion  to  believe  his  stock  is  pretty 
well  exhausted.  This  is  to  comply  with  my  word,  the  next  if  I 
can  meet  with  another  opportunity  this  year  to  give  you  a  more 
ample  account,  therefore  now  I  will  only  assure  you,  you  shall 

always  find  me 

Yo'  Wfif. 

Pray  give  my  service  to  Mr.  Warren  and  his  good  wife. 
To  Mr.  Rich**  Page  Merch'in  Belfast  Sub  Cover  Mr.  Jn**  Cooper. 


febry  8th,  1683-4. 
Maj'r  Robt.  Beverly. 

This  Messenger  gives  me  the  opportunity  of  sending  you 
your  papers  again  for  except  Jonas  Rivetts  I  cannot  get  one 
pound  of  the  Remainder;  Mr.  Brent  saith  he  hath  or  will  satisfie 
yourself.  Westmoreland  and  Stafford  discharge  themselves  by 
ColP  Jones.  Pinett  is  incapable  of  payment  and  God  knows 
when  he  will  be  better  able,  so  in  vein  for  me  to. keep  it  in  expecta- 
tion. Coll"  Lee  says  for  whats  your  due  he  will  agree  with  your 
self  and  make  complyance.  I  am  in  hopes  to  get  Rivetts  and 
therefore  have  not  sent  that  bill;  as  soon  as  I  get  it,  shall  punctu- 
ally comply  with  your  Order.  S'  I  know  you  have  a  full  intelli- 
gence e*er  this  concerning  my  Lord  Howard  our  every  day  ex- 
pected Governor.  I  desire  a  line  or  two  from  you  therein. 
Give  my  humble  service  to  your  good  Lady,  Esq'  Wormley  and 
other  friends  there.  Please  deliver  my  receipt  to  the  bearer  and 
this  shall  oblige  me  to  be  accountable  for  Jonas  Rivetts  thou- 
sand pounds  of  Tob**  when  received  or  return  the  Bill.     Upon 

Return  of  this  Letter  my  Receipt  was  sent 

Your  WfT. 
To  Majr.  Robt.  Beverly 

in  Middlesex  p.  Thos.  Maule. 

(TO  BE  CONTINUED.) 


ILLINOIS  REG'T  and  NORTHWESTERN  TERRITORY.         127 


The  Illinois  Regiment  and  the  Northwestern  Territory.' 

[What  will  now  be  briefly  related  was  one  of  the  most  heroic  achieve- 
ments of  a  heroic  epoch.  The  incident  belongs  to  the  history  of  Vir- 
ginia, since  the  chief  actor  was  a  Virginian,  his  troops  were  Virginia 
troops,  and  the  events  took  place  on  a  soil  which  was  a  part  of  Virginia. 
By  her  charter  she  possessed  the  great  extent  of  country  north  of  the 
Ohio,  and  in  the  winter  of  1777  General  George  Rogers  Clark,  a  Vir- 
ginian residing  in  Kentucky,  offered  to  lead  an  expedition  against  the 
posts  of  the  enemy  at  Kaskaskia  and  Vincennes.  Clark  was  a  native  of 
Albemarle;  had  a  company  at  Point  Pleasant;  he  was  at  this  time 
about  twenty-five-  He  was  tall  and  powerful  in  person,  a  man  of 
courage  and  ability,  and  seemed  to  have  realized  the  importance  of 
driving  the  enemy  from  the  great  region  beyond  the  Ohio.  He  pro- 
posed the  object  to  Patrick  Henry,  then  Governor  of  Virginia;  was 
supplied  with  money  and  four  companies  of  Virginia  troops ;  and  in 
the  summer  of  1778  marched  through  the  wilderness  and  surprised 
Kaskaskia,  after  which  he  proceeded  to  Vincennes,  and  took  possession 
of  that  fort  also.  Father  Gibault,  a  French  priest,  assembled  the 
people  in  church,  assured  them  that  the  Americans  were  friends,  the 
population  "took  the  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  Commonwealth  of  Vir- 
ginia," and  placing  a  garrtson  in  the  fort  General  Clark  returned  to 
Kentucky. 

During  the  winter  intelligence  reached  him  that  the  fort  had  been  re- 
captured by  the  enemy.  Colonel  Hamilton,  Governor  of  Canada,  had 
advanced  from  Detroit  and  surprised  it,  and  was  said  to  intend  during 
the  spring  to  also  recapture  Kaskaskia,  and  then  march  southward  and 
invade  Kentucky. 

On  receiving  this  intelligence  Clark  determined  to  take  the  initiative, 
and  by  a  decisive  winter  campaign  break  up  the  British  programme. 
Colonel  Hamilton  was  very  much  detested,  for  having  offered  the 
Indians  a  premium  for  American  scalps ;  was  called  for  that  reason  the 
"  Hair-buyer  General,"  and  the  borderers  responded  with  alacrity  to 
the  summons  to  march  against  him.  Clark  set  out  in  February  (1779), 
with  a  hundred  and  fifty  men  and  two  pieces  of  artillery ;  and  a  march 
began  nearly  unparalleled  in  history.  The  cannon  and  a  detachment 
were  embarked  in  boats  to  ascend  the  Wabash,  and  Clark  followed 
with  the  remainder  by  land.  The  country  through  which  they  were 
compelled  to  pass  was  a  wilderness,  and  the  weather  exceedingly  cold  ; 
but  the  troops  steadily  advanced  and  finally  reached  the  point  where 
the  White  river  empties  into  the  Wabash,  fifteen  or  twenty  miles  from 
Vincennes.  The  low  grounds  of  the  Wabash  were  under  water  to  the 
depth  of  several  feet,  and  it  seemed  out  of  the  question  to  attempt  to 
traverse  them.    Clark,  however,  resolved  to  make  the  attempt.     He 


128  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE, 

went  in  advance  himself;  the*  troops  followed  ;  and  the  hard  struggle 
began. 

The  water  was  nearly  frozen  and  often  reached  to  the  breasts  of  the 
troops,  who  were  obliged  to  hold  their  rifles  and  powder  above  their 
heads  as  they  struggled  on.  Boats  had  been  provided  to  succor  those 
who  were  exhausted;  but  the  attempt  seemed  desperate.  As  far  as 
the  eye  could  see  stretched  a  nearly  unbroken  expanse  of  water.  Here 
and  there  were  spots  of  dry  land,  but  they  were  often  five  miles  apart. 
The  brief  statement  of  one  who  was  present  is  the  best  description  of 
the  scene.  On  the  twenty-third  of  February  they  '*set  off  to  cross  a 
plain  called  Horse-Shoe  Plain,  about  four  miles  long,  all  covered  with 
water  breast  high.  Here  we  expected  some  of  our  brave  men  must 
certainly  perish,  the  water  being  frozen  in  the  night  and  we  so  long 
fasting.  Having  no  other  resource  but  wading  this  lake  of  frozen  water, 
we  plunged  in  with  courage,  Colonel  Clark  being  first.  Never  were 
men  so  animated  with  the  thought  of  avenging  the  ravages  done  to 
their  back  settlements  as  this  small  army  was." 

At  last  the  troops  succeeded  in  plunging  through,  and  reached  *'  a 
hill  of  dry  land,"  called  Warren's  Island,  where  they  were  nearly  in 
sight  of  Vincennes,  and  heard  the  boom  of  the  "  evening  gun."  From 
this  point  Clark  sent  forward  a  messenger  who  was  directed  to  tell  the 
people  that  his  friends  might  remain  in  their  homes ;  the  friends  of  the 
King  were  to  "repair  to  the  fort  and  join  ftie  Hair  buyer  General^ 
The  wading  was  then  resumed  until  sunset,  when  they  were  in  front  of 
the  place.  Dividing  his  force  Clark  advanced  by  the  present  Levee 
and  Princeton  roads,  threw  up  breastworks,  and  opened  fire  on  the 
fort. 

The  appearance  of  the  Americans  was  a  complete  surprise  to  Gov- 
ernor Hamilton.  It  seemed  impossible  that  any  troops  could  have 
passed  through  the  *•  Drowned  Land,"  but  there  they  were.  They  ver>' 
much  resembled  devils  too,  for  Clark  had  ordered  them  to  blacken 
their  faces  with  gunpowder;  for  what  reason  we  are  not  informed. 
Hamilton  bravely  resisted.  He  opened  with  his  artillery,  and  for  four- 
teen hours,  and  long  after  night,  the  wild  landscape  was  lit  up  by  quick 
flashes.  At  last  the  firing  ceased  and  the  men  slept  on  their  arms.  At 
dawn  Clark  summoned  Hamilton  to  surrender  at  once.  If  he  was 
obliged  to  storm  the  place,  he  said,  the  Governor  **  might  depend  upon 
such  treatment  as  is  justly  due  to  a  murderer."  He  added  in  his  note 
to  Hamilton:  '*  Beware  of  destroying  stores  of  any  kind,  or  any  papers 
or  letters  that  are  in  your  possession,  or  hurting  one  house  in  town. 
For  by  Heaven!  if  you  do,  there  shall  be  no  mercy  shown  you."  Ham- 
ilton's reply  was  a  refusal  to  surrender;  he  was  not  **  disposed  to  be 
awed,"  said  he;  and  the  fighting  again  begun  and  was  kept  up  obsti- 
nately. 

But  if  not  overawed  the  Governor  at  length  lost  hope.    He  sent  pro- 


ILLINOIS  REG'T  and  NORTHWESTERN  TERRITORY.         129 

posing  a  truce,  but  Clark  refused  to  agree  to  it.  He  must '  •  surrender 
at  discretion ; "  and  Colonel  Hamilton  surrendered  (February  25,  1779). 
The  Americans  marched  in  with  loud  cheers  and  raised  the  American 
flag;  and  Hamilton  was  sent  under  guard  to  Williamsburg. 

The  capture  of  Vincennes  has  been  related  in  detail,  as  the  event 
was  much  more  important  than  it  may  appear.  Fourteen  hours  of 
fighting  between  two  inconsiderable  bodies  of  troops  had  decided  who 
was  to  possess  the  entire  region  north  of  the  Ohio  At  the  conclusion 
of  peace,  in  1783,  the  principle  of  the  uti  possedetis  was  adopted  by 
the  Commissioners,  empowering  Great  Britain  and  the  United  States 
to  remain  in  possession  of  all  the  territory  which  they  held  at  the  ter- 
mination of  the  war.  Upon  this  provision  the  Northwest  territory  was 
claimed  by  the  American  Commissioners  on  the  ground  of  its  capture 
by  Clark,  and  ''the  possession  of  it  by  the  Americans  at  the  time  of 
the  conference."  The  claim  was  acquiesced  in,  and  the  country  accord- 
ingly fell  to  the  United  States. 

Clark  received,  in  honor  of  his  arduous  march,  the  title  of  the  **  Han- 
nibal of  the  West,"  and  his  achievement  entitles  him  to  a  distinct  place 
in  American  history.    (See  Cooke* s  History  of  Virginia,  pp.  450-454) 

By  this  conquest  the  boundary  between  the  United  States  and  British 
America  is  the  Lakes  instead  of  the  Ohio  river.  Virginia  ceded  all 
this  territory,  of  which  the  States  of  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Michigan 
and  Wisconsin  were  made,  reserving  the  right  to  locate  lands  there  for 
the  officers  and  men  who  had  served  in  the  Virginia  line,  the  Virginia 
Navy,  and  the  Continental  line  during  the  Revolution.  General  Clark 
received  ten  thousand  acres  for  his  share  of  the  bounty  land. 

Clark  fell  into  bad  health,  had  a  stroke  of  paralysis,  and  having  never 
married  he  went  to  live  with  his  sister  near  Louisville. 

''Council  Chamber,  Richmond,  October  29th,  1812. 

The  Representatives  of  the  good  people  of  Virginia,  convened  in 
General  Assembly,  duly  appreciating  the  gallant  achievements  during 
the  Revolutionary  War,  of  yourself  and  the  brave  regiment  under  your 
command,  by  which  a  vast  extension  of  her  empire  was  effected,  and 
a  successful  issue  of  the  Revolution  greatly  promoted,  have  assigned 
to  me  the  pleasant  duty  of  announcing  to  you  the  sentiments  of  ex- 
alted respect  they  cherish  for  you,  and  the  gratitude  they  feel  at  the 
recollection  of  your  unsullied  integrity,  valor,  enterprise  and  skill. 
Having  learned  with  sincere  regret,  that  you  have  been  doomed  to 
drink  of  the  cup  of  misfortune,  they  have  requested  me  to  tender  you 
their  friendly  condolence.  Permit  me.  Sir,  to  mingle  with  the  discharge 
of  my  official  duty,  an  expression  of  my  own  feelings. 

The  History  of  the  Revolution  has  always  engaged  my  deepest  at- 
tention.    I  have  dwelt  with  rapture  upon  the  distinguished  part  you 


! 


130  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

acted  in  that  great  drama,  being  always  convinced,  that  it  only  wanted 
the  adventitious  aid  of  numbers,  to  make  it  amongst  the  most  splendid 
examples  of  skill  and  courage,  which  any  age  or  country  has  pro- 
duced. I  feel  a  conspicuous  pride  at  the  recollection,  that  the  name 
of  Clark  is  compatriot  with  my  own.  I,  too,  most  sensible  sympathise 
with  you  in  your  adverse  fate,  and  deeply  deplore  that  the  evening  of 
life,  whose  morning  was  so  brilliant,  should  be  clouded  with  misfortune. 

The  General  Assembly  of  Virginia  have  placed  among  their  archives, 
a  monument  of  their  c:ratitude  for  your  services,  and  as  a  small  tribute 
of  respect,  have  directed  that  a  sword  should  be  made  in  our  Manu- 
factory with  devices  emblematic  of  your  actions,  and  have  also  directed 
that  $400  should  be  immediately  paid,  as  also  an  annual  sum  to  the 
same  amount.  I  lament  exceedingly  that  any  delay  should  have  oc- 
curred in  this  communication.  You  will  readily  beheve  me,  when  I 
assure  you,  it  arose  from  the  tardiness  of  the  mechanic  employed  in 
completing  the  sword.  It  is  now  finished  and  is  sent  herewith.  I  shall 
take  pleasure  in  obeying  your  commands,  as  to  the  transmission  of  the 
money  to  which  you  are  entitled.  You  will  have  the  goodness  to  ac- 
knowledge the  receipt  of  this  as  soon  as  your  convenience  will  permit. 

I  am  sir,  with  sentiments  of  high  respect, 

Your  obedient  servant, 

James  Barbour. 

General  George  Rogers  Clark,  Louisville,  Kentucky. 

N.  B.    Having  been  disappointed  in  the  conveyance  calculated  upon, 

for  the  present,  the  sword  will  be  retained  for  a  new  opportunity,  or 

until  I  receive  your  commands. 

J.  B. 

Journal  of  the  House  of  Delegates  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Virginia, 

1 81 2,  p.  30. 

Near  Louisville,  Kentucky,  December  15,  1812. 

Sir,  General  George  Rogers  Clark,  by  a  paralytic  stroke  he  received 
about  three  years  ago,  being  deprived  of  the  use  of  his  right  side,  and 
unable  to  write,  requests  I  would  inform  your  Excellency,  that  by  the 
last  mail,  he  received  your  very  flattering  letter  of  the  29th  of  October, 
where  you  do  him  the  honor  of  approving  in  the  highest  manner,  his 
conduct  as  an  officer  in  the  service  of  the  State  of  Virginia,  during  the 
Revolutionary  War.  This  letter  of  yours,  with  the  very  honorable 
manner  his  name  is  mentioned  by  the  General  Assembly,  in  their  Law 
of  last  Session,  have  engraved  on  his  breast  sentiments  of  the  highest 
respect  and  gratitude.  Flattering,  indeed,  he  says,  it  is  to  him  to  find 
that  his  exertions,  when  doing  his  duty,  should  meet  the  approbation 
of  so  respectable  a  body  of  his  fellow- citizens  as  your  Excellency  and 
the  General  Assembly  of  Virginia.    The  General  flatters  himself  that 


ILLINOIS  REG't  and  NORTHWESTERN  TERRITORY.         131 

a  conveyance  will  soon  offer,  by  which  the  Sword  (voted  to  him  by  the 
General  Assembly),  may  be  forwarded.  Should  he  hear  of  any  person 
coming  from  Virginia  to  this  State,  he  says  he  will  get  them  to  apply 
for  it.  He  is  much  obliged  by  your  polite  offer  of  transmitting  to  him 
the  money  the  Assembly  voted  him  last  Session,  and  says  he  will, 
probably,  take  the  liberty  of  troubling  you.  The  General  requests  me 
to  make  a  tender  to  you  of  his  thanks  for  your  very  polite  and  friendly 
attention  to  him. 

I  am,  with  great  respect, 

Your  Excellency's  most  obt.  servant, 

W.  Crogan." 

Journal  of  the  House  of  Delegates  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Virginia, 
1813,  p.  lOI. 

It  would  seem  from  this  that  the  story  told  in  Appleton's  Cyclopaedia 
of  American  Biography,  by  Lyman  C.  Draper,  that  Clark  was  left  in 
poverty  was  not  altogether  true,  and  that  when  a  sword  was  sent  to 
him  by  Virginia,  he  stuck  it  in  the  ground  and  broke  it  with  his  crutch, 
saying :  **  When  Virginia  needed  a  sword  I  gave  her  one.  She  send 
me  now  a  toy.    I  want  bread  !  " 

Appropriations  were  made  by  the  Virginia  Legislature  and  money 
was  paid  out  for  pensions  during  all  these  years  of  the  life  of  General 
Clark,  and  there  is  no  reason  to  doubt  that  he  got  what  was  intended 
for  him.] 

A  List  of  Officers  of  the  Illinois  Regiment,  and 

OF  THE  Crockett  Regiment. 


ILLINOIS  REGIMENT,     • 
BRIGADIER   GENERAL. 

George  Rogers  Clark. 

lieutenant  colonel. 

John  Montgomery. 

MAJORS. 

Thomas  Quirk,  George  Slaughter. 


132 


VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


Bailey,  John, 
Brashear,  Richard, 
Chaplin,  Abraham, 
Fields,  Benjamin, 
George,  Robert, 
Gerault,  John, 
Harrison,  Richard,  Capt. 
Kellar,  Abraham, 


CAPTAINS. 

McCarty,  Richard, 
Pereault,  Michael, 
Rogers,  John, 
Roberts,  Benjamin, 
Thomas,  Mark, 
Taylor,  Isaac, 
Lieut.,  Todd,  Robert, 
Williams,  John, 


LIEUTENANTS. 


Clark,  Richard, 
Clark,  William, 
Merriweather,  James, 
Montgomery,  James, 


Robertson,  James, 
Roberts,  William, 
Saunders,  Joseph, 
Williams,  Jarrett, 


William  Asher, 


ENSIGNS. 


Lawrence  Slaughter. 


CORNET. 


John  Thurston. 


CROCKETT'S   REGIMENT 


LIEUTENANT   COLONEL. 


Joseph  Crockett. 


MAJOR. 


George  Walls. 


SURGEON. 


Charles  Greer. 


ILLINOIS  REG  T  AND  NORTHWESTERN  TERRITORY. 


133 


CAPTAINS. 


Chapman,  John,  (killed)  Kinley,  Benjamin,  (died) 

Cherry,  William,    .  Moore,  Peter, 

Kerney,  John,  Tipton,  Abraham, 

Young,  Thomas, 


ENSIGNS. 


Henry  Daring, 


Samuel  Ball  Green, 
Hugh  M*Gavock. 


A  List  of  Non-Commissioned  Officers  and  Soldiers  of 
THE  Illinois  Regiment,  and  the  Western  Army, 
under  the  Command  of  General  George  Rogers 
Clark. 


Allery,  Joseph, 

Private. 

Berry,  William, 

Private. 

Allen,  John,  Sr. , 

(( 

Bentley,  James, 

( t 

Allen,  John,  Jr., 

(( 

Bentley,  John, 

(( 

Ash,  John, 

i( 

Brazer,  Peter, 

i« 

Abbott,  William,  Sr., 

Bush,  John, 

(( 

Abbott,  William,  Jr., 

(( 

Bush,  Drewry, 

(1 

Anderson,  John, 

(1 

Brown,  James, 

i( 

Allen,  Samuel, 

Sergeant. 

Boston,  William, 

K 

Apperson,  Richard, 

Private. 

Boston,  Travis, 

(< 

Allen,  David, 

(( 

Baxter,  James, 

Corporal. 

Asher,  Bartlett, 

(( 

Brown,  Low, 

Private. 

Allen,  Isaac, 

(( 

Brown,  John, 

l€ 

Alonton,  Jacob, 

(1 

Bulter,  John, 

(1 

Adams,  Francis, 

(( 

Biron,  J.  B., 

Sergeant. 

Andree,  Jean, 

Sergeant. 

Brown,  Colin, 

Private. 

Antier,  Francis, 

Private. 

Barry,  William, 

(( 

Bell,  William, 

<  ( 

Berard, 

(C 

Ballinger,  Larkin, 

<i 

Blancher,  Pierre, 

(( 

Blair,  John, 

C( 

Blein,  Pierre, 

Corporal. 

Bailey,  David, 

(( 

Brossard,  Pierre, 

Sergeant. 

Breeden,  Richard, 

CI 

Bouche,  John, 

Private. 

Brown,  James, 

Sergeant. 

Benton,or  Bern  ton,  Thos.,  *' 

134 


VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


Bressie,  Richard,  Private. 

Breeden,  John,  Sergeant. 

Bird,  Samuel,  Private. 

Butcher,  Gasper, 

Back,  John. 

Ballard,  Bland,  Sergeant. 

Ballard,  Proctor.  ** 

Ballard,  James,  Corporal. 

BoWen,  William, 

Bush,  Thomas,  Private. 

Ballard,  Bland  William, 

Barber,  John, 

Burnett,  Robert,  (died)      ** 

Blankenship,  Henry, 

Bryant,  James, 

Bowman.  Christian, 

Burk,  George. 

Binkley,  William, 

Ballinger,  James, 

Burris,  John, 

Bender,  Robert, 

Burbridge,  John,  (died) 

Burbridge,  William,  (died)  '' 

Butts,  William, (prisoner)   *' 

Bender,  Lewis,  (died) 

Beckley,  William, 

Buskey,  Francis, 

Boyles,  John, 

Bowing,  Ebenezer, 

Brown,  Asher, 

Bingoman,  Adam, 

Bass,  David, 

Blackford,  Samuel, 

Burney,  Simon, 

Brown,  Lewis, 

Beg  raw,  Alexander, 

Bland,  Shadrach,         Sergeant. 

Blearn,  David, 

Brown,  Collin, 


Sergeant. 


I  ( 


<i 


it 


It 


it 


it 


%t 


II 


II 


II 


It 


II 


II 


II 


II 


II 


II 


II 


II 


II 


I  f 


i< 


II 


II 


II 


11 


II 


II 


11 


i« 


II 


Burne,  Pierre, 
Bolton,  Daniel, 
Bush,  William, 
Clarke,  Andrew, 
Crump,  William, 
Creze,(or  Cruze  or  Craze) 

Noah,  Private. 

Cohen,  Dennis, 
Chapman.  Richard, 
Chick,  William, (killed)     '' 
Corneilla,  Patrick, 
Chapman,  Edward, 
Chapman,  William, 
Crossley,  William, 
Cowan,  (or  Cowin)  John,    " 
Camp,  Reuben, 
Camper,  Tillman, 
Cogar,  Peter, 
Cogar,  Jacob, 
Clifton,  Thomas, 
Clarke,  John, 
Cannon,    (or    Canore) 

Andrew, 
Cabbage,  Joseph, 
Curry,  James, 
Conroy,  Patrick, 
Cure,  Jean  Baptiste, 
Corns,  John, 
Crawley,  John, 
Cooper,  Joseph, 
Cooper,  Ramsay, 
Coste,  J.  B.  de, 
Clairmont,  Michael, 
Cabbassie,  B., 
Coffee,  Samuel, 
Conolly,  Thomas,  Fifer. 

Conn,  John,  Private. 

Campo,  Lewis, 
Campo,  Michael, 


II 


II 


II 


II 


II 


II 


II 


«i 


»i 


II 


II 


II 


II 


CI 


II 


cc 


ir 


<i 


II 


II 


ii 


II 


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IC 


ILLINOIS  REG*T  AND  NORTHWESTERN  TERRITORY.         135 


Campbell,  George, 

Sergeant. 

Dusablong,  B., 

t 

Private. 

Cowdry,  John, 

Private. 

Duselle,  Mons., 

Cowan,  Andrew, 

C  I 

Dardy,  John, 

Cowan,  Mason, 

I  c 

Dardy,  Baptlste, 

Calvin,  Daniel, 

<l 

Dolphin,  Peter, 

Corder,    (or     Corden) 

Day,  William, 

(     % 

James, 

Durrett,  James, 

Campbell,  John, 

Doherty,  Frederick,  (die 

!d)| 

Curtis,  Rice. 

Doherty,  Edward, 

Chambers,  Ellick, 

Dawson,  James, 

Cockran,  Edward, 

Deneichelle,  Lewis, 

Cockran,  George, 

Denton,  Thomas, 

Sergeant. 

Coheron,  Dennis, 

Duncan,  (or  Duncom) 

Carbine,  Henry, 

Sergeant. 

Nimrod, 

1 

i^rivate. 

Cameron,  James, 

Corporal. 

Duncan,  (or  Duncom) 

Cowgill,  Daniel, 

Private. 

Benjamin, 

c< 

Crutcher,  Henry,  Vol.  &  Q.  M. 

Doyle,  John, 

1 1 

Crane,  John  St., 

Private. 

Duncan,  (or  Duncom) 

Certain,  Page, 

Samuel, 

(C 

Compera,  Lewis, 

Duncan,  (or  Duncom) 

Convance,  Paul, 

Archibald, 

(1 

Contraw,  Francis, 

Duncan,  (or  Duncom) 

Compera,  Francis, 

Charles, 

1  ( 

Coontz,  Christopher, 

Duncan,  (or  Duncom) 

Cox,  James, 

Joseph, 

i  1 

Codes,  Andrew, 

Dudley,  Armistead, 

( < 

Damewood,  Boston, 

Doud,  Roger, 

<c 

Dewett,  Henry, 

Sergeant. 

Duff,  John, 

II 

Donovan,  John, 

Private. 

Donow,  Joseph, 

(< 

Davis,  Robert, 

Drumgold,  James, 

Sergeant. 

Darnell,  Cornelius, 

Duncan,  David, 

] 

Private. 

Dawson,  James, 

Deen,  James,  (died) 

II 

Detering,  Jacob, 

Darnell,  Cornelius, 

II 

D9herty.  John, 

Davis,  Joseph, 

II 

Durst,  Daniel,       Sergt.  Major. 

Elms,  William, 

Sergeant. 

Decker,  Jacob,  (died) 

(f 

Evans,  Charles, 

t 

Private. 

Davis,  James, 

Sergeant. 

Elms,  James, 

II 

Dulhoneau,  Pierre, 

Private. 

Elms,  John,  (died) 

II 

Deerand,  P., 

<< 

English,  Robert, 

1 

1 

n 


186 


VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL    MAGAZINE. 


Evans,  Stanhope,  Private. 

Estis,  James,  ** 

Frazier,  Abraham,      Sergeant. 

Pavers,  John, 

Flandegan,  Dominick, 

Floyd,  Isham, 

Freeman,  William, 

Fair,  Edmund, 

Fever,  William, 

Funk,  Henry,  Private. 

Fache,  Louis,  ** 

Field,  Lewis,  (prisoner)      ** 

Field,  Daniel,  (died) 

Freeman,  Peter, 

Foster,  Henry, 

Frost,  Stephen. 

Godfrey,  Francis, 

Gognia,  Lewis, 

Grimes,  John, 

Grolet,  Francis,  Sen., 

Grolet,  Francis,  Jr., 

Gaskins,  Thomas, 

Ginon,  S.  Frederick, 

Germain,  J.  B. , 

Grimshire,  John, 

Gognia,  Jacque, 

Gallagan,  Owen, 

Garuldon,  (or  Gauchdon) 

Baptiste, 
Gagnia,  Pierre, 
Goodwin,  (or  Goodam) 

William, 
Goodloe,  Henry,         Sergeant. 
Glass,  Michael,  Private. 

Gwin,  William,  (died) 
Goodwin,  Edward, 
Goodwin,  Amos, 
Greenwood,  Daniel, 
Gaines,    (or     Garner) 

William, 


1 1 


I  ( 


i( 


I  ( 


<  t 


(( 


<  < 


(( 


(( 


I  ( 


1 1 


K 


it 


C< 


I  ( 


(r 


(< 


(( 


II 


«l 


If 


f  I 


II 


II 


l( 


II 


II 


tl 


CI 


II 


II 


1 1 


II 


11 


II 


II 


1 1 


f  I 


If 


II 


II 


11 


11 


Gordon,  John,  Private. 

George,  John, 
Gomier,    (or    Gaunia) 

Abraham, 
Green,  John,  Sergeant. 

Garrett,  John,  ** 

Gibbons,  Samuel,  Private. 

Glenn,  David, 
Graham,  James, 
Guess,  John, 
Gratiott,  Jean, 
Green,  James,  (died) 
Gaines,  John, 
Hardin,  Francis, 
Horn,  Christopher, 
Hooper,  Thomas,  (died)    ** 
Houndsler,  Charles, 
Hollis,  Joshua, 
Huffman,  Jacob, 
Harrison,  Richard, 
Hazard,  John,  Sergeant. 

Humphries,  Samuel,      Private. 
Holmes,  James,  ** 

Hupp,  Philip,  Matross. 

Hopkins,  Richard,  ** 

Haut,  Henry,  (killed)  Sergeant. 
Hite,  George,  Private. 

Horn,  Jeremiah,  ** 

Harrison,  James,  Gunner. 

Hays,  Thomas,  Private. 

Huin,  William,  Corporal. 

Higgins,  Barney,  Private. 

Hammett,  James,  (died) 
Hart,  Miles, 
Hays,  James, 
Holler,  Francis, 
Hicks,  Mordecai,  (died)     ** 
Hawkins,  Samuel,       Corporal. 
Horton,  Adin,  Private. 

Hawley,  Richard,  " 


i< 


i< 


IC 


<c 


ILLINOIS  REG  T  AND  NORTHWESTERN  TERRITORY. 


137 


Hicks,  David, 

Sergeant. 

Key,  Thomas, 

Private. 

Hall,  William. 

Private. 

Kemp,  Reuben, 

Howell,  Peter. 

Kina,  Christopher, 

Heywood,  Berry, 

Lunsford,  Anthony, 

Hendrix,  Andrew, 

Lunsford,  Mason, 

House,  Andrew, 

Lunsford,  George, 

Head,  James, 

Lasley.  John, 

Heldebrand,  James, 

Laughlin,  Peter, 

Hobbs,  James, 

Lovell,  Richard, 

Drummer. 

Hico,  Peter,  Sen., 

Levinston,  George, 

Private. 

Hico,  Peter,  Jr., 

Luzader,  Abraham, 

<( 

Hatten,  Christopher, 

Lenoy,  Thomas,  (killed)     * ' 

Hatcher,   (or  Hacker) 

Lewis,  Benjamin,  (killed)    *  * 

John, 

Larose,  Francis, 

tt 

Isaacs,  John, 

Laventure,  J., 

Sergeant. 

Irby,  David, 

Laflour,  Pierre, 

Private. 

Johnston,  John, 

Lamarch,  Lewis, 

{( 

Jewell,  John, 

Lamarch,  J.  B., 

K 

Jarrell,  James, 

Lamarch,  Beauvard, 

t( 

Johnston,  Edward, 

Laviolette,  Baptiste, 

f  ( 

'  Jones,  Edward, 

Leney,  Thomas, 

Gunner. 

Jones,(orJohuns)Mathew,  '* 

L*  Enfant,  Francis, 

Private. 

Jewell,  Charles, 

It 

Laform,  John, 

.1 

Jamieson,  Thomas, 

Sergeant. 

Lavigne,  Joseph, 

<< 

Jones,  John, 

Private. 

Laviolette,  Louis, 

<< 

Jones,  David, 

i< 

La  Bell,  Charles, 

<( 

Johnston,  Samuel, 

c< 

Leney,  John. 

(( 

Joines,  John. 

Sergeant. 

Lyon,  Jacob, 

c< 

Kellar,  Isaac, 

<< 

Long,  William, 

(1 

,  King,  George, 

Private. 

Lyons,  John, 

tt 

Kennedy,  David, 

(t 

Lockhert  (or  Locket), 

King,  Nicholas, 

(< 

Pleasant, 

Kincaid,  James, 

<< 

Lockhart,  Archibald 

f 

Kendall,  William,  * 

(1 

Laubran,  

Kirkley;  James, 

i( 

Lasout,  Joseph, 

Kirk.  Thomas, 

{< 

La  Paint,  Louis, 

Kerr.  William, 

i( 

La  Casse,  Jacque, 

Kidd,  Robert, 

II 

Lafaro,  Francis, 

Key,  George, 

9 

(< 

Lafarton,  Francis, 

138 


VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


t( 


(< 


l€ 


Logan,  Hugh,  Private. 

Lewis.  James, 

Missie,  Bernard, 

Murray,  Edward, 

Montgomery,  John, 

M'Dermott,  Francis. 

Mayfield,  Micajah, 

Mayfield,  James, 

Mayfield,  Isaac, 

Morris,  Jacob, 

Maid,  Ebenezer  (killed), 

Mayfield,  Elijah, 

Moore,  John,  Sergeant. 

M'Mickle,  John,  Private. 

Morris,  James  (died),         " 

Miller,  Abraham  (killed),  Cor. 

Montgomery,  John,       Private. 

Montgomery,  William, 

M'Lockland,  Charles, 

Marsh,  John, 

Mathews,  Edward,    Sergeant. 

Morgan,  Charles,  S'g't  &  Gun. 

M'Guire,  John,  Private. 

M'Intosh,  James, 

Maisonville,  Monr.  de, 

Monet,  J.  B., 

Mailone,  J.  B., 

Maurisette,  M., 

Mason,  Charles,  Sergeant. 

Mulby,  William,  Gunner. 

Marr,  Patrick,  Corp.  &  Serg't. 

M'  Michaels,  John,         Private. 

M*  Mullen,  James, 

Mustach, 

Mallroof,  Joseph, 
Moran  (or  Mauron),  Peter 
M'Clure,  Patrick, 
Merri weather,  William, 
Miller,  John, 


(< 


<( 


Martin,  Charles,  Private. 

M' Donald,  David. 

Murshen.  Nathaniel,(died)  '  * 

Murphy,  John, 

Meadows,  Josiah, 

Murray,  Thomas,        Sergeant. 

Milton     (or     Wilton), 

Daniel,  Private. 

M'Clain,  Thomas,  ** 

Munrony,  William,  Sergeant. 
Munrony,  Sylvester,  Private. 
M'Quiddy,  Thomas, 
M' Daniel,  Thomas, 
M'Donald,  James, 
Martin,  Elijah, 
Mummilly,  Joseph, 
Munam,  Joseph, 
M'Kin,  James, 
Martin,  Solomon, 
MalbefT,  Joseph, 
M'Kinney,  John, 
Moore,  John, 
Martin,  Pierre, 
Morris,  William, 
Moore,  Thomas, 
Marshall,  AVilliam, 
M'Donald,  Thomas, 
M '  Gann ,  John,  Gunner. 

Newton,  Peter,  Private. 

Nelson,  Enock, 
Nelson,  Moses, 
Nelson,  John, 
Nash,  Francis, 
Neal,  John, 
Nare,  Conrad, 
Nobbs,  Mark, 
Onslow,  Charles, 
Oakley,  John,  Gunner. 

Oliver,  John,  Private. 


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ILLINOIS  REG'T  and  NORTHWESTERN  TERRITORY.         139 


Oharro,  Michael, 

Private. 

Paroult,  Peter, 

Private. 

Oater,  Samuel, 

C( 

Pickens,  Samuel, 

rt 

Oliver,  Lewis, 

cc 

Petter,  Joseph, 

(< 

Owditt  (or  Odett),  Lewis,  '* 

Poores,  Archer, 

Filer. 

Ofin,  James, 

<i 

Ross,  John, 

Sergeant. 

Oliver,  Turner, 

(( 

Ryan,  Andrew, 

<< 

Ozburn    (or    Ozborn), 

Rubido,  Francis  (died),     ** 

Ebenezer, 

CI 

Ruddell  (or  Riddle),  Cor- 

Parker,  Edward, 

Sergeant. 

nelius. 

i( 

Portwood,  Page, 

(( 

Ryan,  Lazarus, 

(< 

Perie,  William, 

f  ( 

Ramsay,  James, 

(< 

Patterson,  John, 

Private. 

Rector.  John, 

IC 

Potter,  James, 

(1 

Roy,  Julien, 

(( 

Patterson,  William, 

f  c 

Ranger,  J.  B., 

Sergeant. 

Pulford,  John, 

<c 

Robertson,  John, 

(1 

^  Payne,  Adam, 

<< 

Ross,  James, 

c< 

Priest,  Peter, 

<( 

Rice,  John. 

<( 

Pritchett  (or  Pritcher), 

Rogers,  David, 

(( 

William, 

Corporal. 

Rogers,  Joseph, 

Private. 

Pittman,  Buckner, 

Sergeant. 

Rutherford,  Larkin, 

<c 

Pupin,  M., 

Private. 

Richards,  Lewis, 

Sergeant. 

Purcell    (or    Pursley), 

Richards,  Dick, 

Private. 

William, 

(< 

Robinson,  Richard, 

i< 

Penett(or  Penit),  Joshua,  ** 

Ross,  Joseph, 

Corporal. 

Panther,  Joseph, 

Roberts,  Benjamin, 

Sergeant. 

Pellot,  Charles, 

Roberts,  Eliab, 

Private. 

Parisienne,  Baptiste, 

Russell,  Benjamin, 

Pepin,  John  (killed). 

Randal,  Robert, 

Penir,  Jessee  (killed) 

y 

Roberts,  Joseph, 

Puncrass,  Joseph, 

Rushare,  Francis, 

Puncrass,  Francis, 

Rabey,  Cader, 

Peltier,  Joseph, 

Riley,  Patrick, 

Peguin,  Francis, 

Rubido,  James, 

Powell,  Micajah, 

Rollison,  William  (d 

ied),  '* 

^     Payne,  William, 

Shepherd,  Peter, 

Corporal. 

Pagan,  David, 

Shepherd,  George, 

Private. 

Potter,  Ebenezer, 

Smith,  William, 

<c 

Peaters,  John, 

Slaughter,  John, 

Sergeant* 

Phillips,  Henry, 

Shoemaker,  Leonarc 

1,   Private. 

v 


140 


VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


Smith,  Joseph, 

Private. 

Tuttle,  Nicholas, 

Private. 

Setzer,  John. 

II 

Tygard,  Daniel, 

( 

• 

Slack,  William, 

It 

Trantham,  Martin, 

< 

Snellock,  Thomas, 

1 1 

Taylor,  James, 

( 

Smithers  (or  Smothers), 

Turpin,  Richard  (killed),  ' 

John, 

t( 

Thompson,  James, 

Smith,  George, 

<c 

Triplett,  Pettis, 

Smith,  Josiah, 

Gunner. 

Tillis,  Griffin, 

Shank, John, 

Private. 

Taliaferro,  Richard  C 

•  » 

Shank,  Jacob, 

(C 

Thomas,  Edward, 

* 

Silb,  Samuel, 

Corporal. 

Taylor,  Edward, 

Smith,  David, 

Private. 

Taylor,  Benjamin, 

Smith,  Randal, 

Tolley,  John, 

Spencer,  John, 

Tyler,  William, 

s 

Searay,  John, 

Tolley,  Daniel, 

Smock,  Henry, 

Taylor,  Abraham, 

Ship,  William, 

Thoornigton,  Joseph, 

Snow,  George, 

Thompson,  William, 

Corporl. 

Scare,  William, 

Taylor,  Thomas, 

Private. 

Siburn,  Christopher, 

Underbill,  James, 

(1 

Sennitt,  Richard, 

Voushiner,  Thomas, 

K 

Scates,  David, 

Villiers,  Francis  (killed),  Sergt 

Savage,  Bryan, 

Villiard,  Isaac, 

Private. 

Stoball,  Thomas, 

Veale,  Peter, 

Sowers,  Frederick, 

Whitehead,  William, 

Slaughter,  George, 

Whitehead,  Robert, 

Shannon,  William, 

White,  Randal, 

Stephenson,  Samuel, 

Whit,  Robert, 

Stephenson,  John, 

Sergeant. 

Welton,  Daniel, 

Savage,  Dominick, 

Private. 

Whitten,  Daniel, 

Soverims,  Ebenezer, 

Sergeant. 

Ward,  Thomas, 

St.  Michaels, 

Private. 

Watlers,  Lewis, 

St.  Mary,  Baptiste, 

Watkins,  Samuel, 

Sigonier,  Francis, 

Williams,  John, 

Sworden,  Jonathan, 

Waters,  Barney, 

Severidge,  John, 

Walker,  John,             i 

Sergeant. 

Sharlock,  James, 

Wheat,  Jacob, 

Private. 

Spillman,  James, 

Wallace,  David, 

(< 

Trent,  Beverley, 

Sergeant. 

Whitacre,  David, 

< 

1 

VIRGINIA   AND   THE  ACT   OF   NAVIGATION. 


141 


White,  William, 
Waggoner,  Peter, 
Wood,  Charles, 
Wheel,  Jacob, 
Wilkerson,  William, 
Wray,  Thomas, 
Ward,  Lewis, 
Williams,  George, 
Winsor,  Christopher, 
Wheeler,  John, 
Waddington,  John, 
Wright,  William, 
Wethers,  Benjamin, 
West,  John, 


Private.  White,  Randolph,      Sergeant. 
White,  John,  Private. 

Workman,  Conrad,     Sergeant. 
Wemate,  Private. 

White,  Laden, 
Williams,  Zachariah, 
Williams,  Daniel, 
Wilson,  John, 
Wray,  Thomas, 
Yates,  Isaac, 
Young,  John, 
Zuckledz,  William, 


1 1 


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II 


II 


II 


11 


II 


II 


<i 


II 


II 


II 


II 


II 


Sergeant. 
Private. 

Sergeant. 
Private. 


Zimmerman,  Frederick, 


«i 


Virginia  and  the  Act  of  Navigation. 

[The  first  of  the  general  acts  of  Parliament,  known  as  the  Naviga- 
tion Acts,  was  passed  by  the  Rump  Parliament  in  i6§i.  It  provided 
that  no  merchandise  either  of  Asia,  Africa  or  America,  including  the 
English  plantations  there,  should  be  imported  into  England  in  any  but 
English  built  ships,  and  belonging  either  to  English  or  English  planta- 
tion subjects,  navigated,  also,  by  an  English  Commander,  and  three- 
fourths  of  the  sailors  to  be  Englishmen. 

When  Virginia  surrendered  in  March,  1651,  to  the  Commissioners  of 
Cromwell,  it  was  expressly  stated  in  the  seventh  article  of  the  terms  of 
submission  that  the  people  of  the  colony  should  have  **  free  trade  as 
the  people  of  England  do  enjoy  to  all  placesjand  with  all  nations  ac-- 
cording  to  the  laws  of  that  Commonwealth.*'  |(i  Hen.  366.)  'That  the 
Virginians  insisted  upon  this  privilege  is  showii  by  Act  IX  of  the  As- 
sembly, that  met  in  March, y^i 659-60,  which  required  that  every  master 
of  a  vessel  reaching  Virginia  should  give  bond  six  days  after  his 
arrival,  that  he  would  not  molest  any  ship  in  the  jurisdiction  of  the 
colony.  The  motive  of  this  act  was  declared  in  its  text  to  be,  that  **  the 
masters  of  many  vessels  had  of  late  years,  contrary  to  the  privileges 
granted  us  by  our  articles  of  surrender,  to  have  free  trade  with  all 
nations  in  amity  with  thie  people  of  England,"  seized  foreign  ships, 
sloops  and  vessels  which  had  come  to  trade  with  the  Virginians.  In  1653, 
however,  the  ship  Leopoldus,  of  Dunkirk,  was  confiscated  by  the  col- 
onial authorities  on  the  ground  that  it  had  violated  the  Navigation 


142  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL  MAGAZINE. 

AcL    (i  Hen.  482.)    This  was  probably  a  Dutch  ship  which  either  had 
carried  tobacco  from  Virginia  to  England,  or  which  designed  doing  so. 
There  are  indications  that  the  Virginians  did  not  at  first,  at  least,  enjoy 
\  an  unrestricted  trade  with  the  Dutch.    When  Governor  Stuyvesant,  of 

New  Amsterdam,  proposed  in  1653,  to  enter  into  a  commercial  alliance 
with  Virginia,  he  was  informed  that  the  authorities  of  the  colony,  be- 
fore assenting  to  his  proposition,  must  first  consult  the  English  Council 
of  State. 

Whatever  the  privileges  as  to  an  absolute  free  trade  enjoyed  by  the 
Virginians  during  the  Protectorate  of  Cromwell,  the  second  Navigation 
Act,  passed  at  the  beginning  of  Charles  the  Second's  administration, 
placed  them  upon  the  footing  of  all  the  other  English  subjects.  The 
first  clause  of  that  act  prescribed  that  "  no  goods  or  commodities  what- 
soever should  be  imported  into  or  exported  from  any  of  the  King's 
lands,  islands,  plantations  or  territories  in  Asia,  Africa  or.  America,  in 
"^  any  other  than  English,  Irish  or  plantatipn  built  ships,  and  whereof  the 

/  master  and  at  least  three-fourths  of  the  mariners  shall  be  Englishmen, 

^  under  forfeiture  of  ships  and  goods."    The  thirteenth  clause  provided 

"  that  no  sugar,  tobacco,  cotton,  wool,  indigo,  ginger,  fustie  and  other 
dyeing  woods  of  the  growth  or  manufacture  of  our  Asian,  African  or 
American  Colonies,  should  be  shipped  from  the  said  colonies  to  any 
place  but  to  England,  Ireland,  or  to  some  other  of  his  Majesty's  said  plan- 
tations, there  to  be  landed,  under  forfeiture  of  goods  and  ships." 

The  harshness  of  this  law  in  relation  to  Virginia  is  obvious  at  a  glance. 
The  subjoined  paper  is  a  very  able  protest  against  the  evils  that  were 
expected  to  result  from  it,  anticipating  in  spirit,  the  arguments  of  Adam 
Smith  in  opposition  to  the  restrictive  mercantile  system  of  the  eigh- 
teenth century.  It  was  written  by  John  Bland,  a  merchant  of  London, 
and  presented  by  him  to  the  authorities  in  England  as  a  memorial  "on 
behalf  of  the  inhabitants  and  planters  in  Virginia  and  Maryland." 
Bland  expended  large  sums  in  Virginia,  amounting  to  as  much  as  ten 
thousand  pounds  sterling,  or  two  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars 
in  our  American  currency.  He  had  acted  as  the  London  merchant  of 
many  of  the  Planters  of  Virginia  and  Maryland,  and  was  therefore 
thoroughly  familiar  with  their  interests  as  this  paper  very  plainly  shows. 
The  original  Memorial  is  now  filed  among  the  Colonial  Records  in  the 
British  State  Paper  Office  in  London.] 

To  THE  Kings  Most  Excellent  Majesty. 

The  humble  Remonstrance  of  John  Bland  of  London,  Mer- 
chant, on  the  behalf  of  the  Inhabitants  and  Planters  in 
Virginia  and  Mariland. 

Most  Humbly  representing  unto  your  Majesty  the  inevitable 
destruction  of  those  Colonies,  if  so  be  that  the  late  Act  for  en- 


f^ 


\ 


t 


VIRGINIA   AND   THE   ACT   OF   NAVIGATION.  143 

crese  of  Trade^  and  shipping  be  not  as  to  them  dispenc'd  with: 
for  it  wil  not  onely  ruinate  the  inhabitants  and  Planters,  but 
make  desolate  the  largest  fertilest,  and  most  glorious  Plantations 
under  Your  Majesties  Dominion;  the  which,  if  otherwise  sus- 
pended, will  produce  the  greatest  advantage  to  this  Nations 
Commerce  and  considerablest  Income  to  Your  Majesties  Rev- 
enue, that  any  part  of  the  world  doth  to  which  wee  trade. 

And  that  the  prejudice  which  this  act  bringeth  to  those  Col- 
onies may  appear  to  your  Majesty,  I  shall  presume  to  desire  that 
the  following  particulars  in  order  to  the  discovery  thereof  may 
be  taken  into  consideration,  as  it  hath  reference  to  the  Territories 
of  Virginia  and  Mariland,  and  then  to  those  persons  that  first 
were  the  promoters  of  the  same,  for  debarring  the  Hollanders 
trading  to  those  Plantations,  in  the  long  Parliament,  with  their 
specious  pretences  alleged  for  the  obtaining  thereof,  which  are  as 
folio  weth. 

Firsts  That  the  Hollanders  will  not  permit  us  to  trade  into 
their  Indian  Territories,  therefore  we  should  not  admit  them  to 
trade  in  ours. 

f^Secondly,  That  the  Hollanders  admission  into  Virginia  and  \ 
'  Mariland  spoiled  our  commerce,  not  onely  there,  but  in  Eyiglandy 
and  hindred  the  increase  of  our  shipping. 

Thirdly^  That  the  Hollanders  trading  into  those  colonies  less- 
en'd  our  Customes  here  in  Englayid, 

Before  I  come  to  show  how  invalid  the  Pretences  of  the  afor- 
said  persons  be,  as  to  the  intent  for  which  they  were  alleged, 
being  onely  colourable, and  to  hinder  the  Hollanders  trade  thither, 
that  they  might  still  keep  the  trade  which  they  had  ingrossed  in 
their  own  hands.  *  ^ 

.  First,  I  will  say  something  concerning  the  Persons  that  did 
solicit  and  procure  the  prohibition  of  the  Hollanders  from  trad- 
ing into  those  Plantations. 

Seco7idly,  Wherefore  the  said  Act  against  the  Dutch  was  pro- 
cured by  them,  and  is  still  sought  to  be  continued. 

Thirdly,  I  shall  take  into  consideration  those  three  Motives, 
or  Pretences,  urged  by  the  Ingrossers  of  the  Virginia  and  Mari- 
land trade,  for  the  debarring  the  Hollanders  from  trading 
thither;  and  so  speaking  to  each  of  them,  demonstrate  plainly, 
that  what  is  alleged  thereby  to  be  an  advantage  to  those  Colonies, 


144  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

is  quite  contrary,  and  will  in  time  utterly  ruinate  them,  the  com- 
merce, or  customes,  and  shipping  here  in  England. 

To  the  First,  concerning  the  Persons  that  Procured  the  pro- 
hibition of  the  Hollanders  from  trading  into  Virginia  and  Mari- 
land,  I  give  account  of  them. 

They  are  no  Merchants  bred,  nor  versed  in  foreign  ports,  or 
any  Trade,  but  to  those  Plantations,  and  that  from  either  Plan- 
ters there  or  whole-sale  Tobacconists  and  shopkeepers  retaiUng 
Tobacco  here  in  England,  who  know  no  more  what  belongs  to  the 
commerce  of  the  World,  or  Managing  new  discovered  Countries, 
such  as  Virginia  and  Mariland  are,  than  children  new  put  out 
Prentice;  can  it  then  be  Rational,  that  such  persons  judgments 
should  be  taken  or  relyed  upon  for  passing  so  important  an  Act? 

To  the  second  Particular,  Why  these  men  procured  this  Act, 
prohibiting  the  Hollanders  trade  into  those  Colonies  at  first, 
and  its  continuance  now,  was,  and  is,  because  they  would  keep 
still  in  their  own  hands  that  Trade  which  they  had  ingrossed, 
and  have  no  body  come  there  to  hinder  them,  and  that  for  the 
following  reasons. 

First,  That  for  whatever  goods  they  carried  out  of  England 
to  those  Plantations,  the  Inhabitants  should  pay  them  what 
prices  and  rates  they  please  to  require,  else  they  should  have 
nothing  at  all  of  them  to  supply  their  necessities. 

Secondly,  To  force  the  Planters  to  deliver  them  such  Tobac- 
cos, which  by  the  labour  and  sweat  of  their  browes  they  had 
made,  at  the  rates  they  themselves  trading  thither  would  have 
it,  whereby  they  got  that  oftentimes  of  the  poor  Planters  for  a 
halfpenny,  which  they  made  us  pay  for  here  in  England  by  Re- 
taile  three  or  four  shillings.  • 

Thirdly,  That  if  they  could  not  yet  get  the  Planters  Tobaccoes^ 
at  their  own  rates,  but  that  the  Planters  would  ship  it  themselves 
for  England,  then  would  not  the  Traders  thither  let  the  Planters 
have  any  Tunnage  in  their  ships  to  England,  except  it  were  at 
such  high  freight,  as  the  Tobacco  comming  for  England  could 
never  yield  what  would  satisfie  the  same ;  so  that  if  they  could 
not  get  the  Planters  Tobacco  for  nothing  in  the  country.  They 
would  have  it  for  nothing  when  it  arrived  in  England, 

Fourthly,  That  seeing  the  Hollanders  could  not  go  to  Virginia 
and  Mariland,  the  Traders  thither  might  carry  it  to  Holland 


VIRGINIA   AND  THE   ACT  OF  NAVIGATION.  145 

from  those  colonies  themselves,  and  so  get  (besides  having  the 
Tobacco  for  little  or  nothing  of  the  Planters)  the  Duties  the 
Hollander  used  to  pay  in  the  Country  for  what  he  expected 
thence ;  and  also  the  custom,  which  ought  by  their  own  rule  to 
have  been  paid  in  England » 

By  which  I  hope  its  apparent,  that  it  was  nor  is  not  theire  love 
to  the  Plantations,  the  commerce  or  to  encrease  the  Duties  in 
England,  that  caused  them  to  seek  the  Hollanders  prohibition 
from  Virginia  and  Mariland^  but  their  own  private  interests, 
not  regarding  if  the  colonies  and  all  in  them  perished,  so  they 
might  keep  the  said  Trade  still ;  surely  then  such  men  are  not 
meet  Judges  fof  debarring  of  the  Hollanders  from  trading  to 
those  Plantations. 

To  the  third  Particular  wherein,  it  is  to  be  considered,  how 
destructive  those  three  motives  and  pretences  for  the  obtain- 
ing this  Act  of  prohibition  to  the  Hollanders  from  trading^  to 
Virginia  and  Mariland  are  to  those  Colonies,  the  commerce, 
and  your  Majesties  customs  here  in  England,  I  declare  as  fol- 
loweth.  To  the  First,  in  which  it  is  alleged.  That  being*  the 
Hollander  permits  not  us  Trade  in  their  Indian  Dominion,  why 
should  we  admit  him  Trade  in  ours  ? 

A  good  reason  it  were,  and  justly  retaliated,  if  Virginia  and 
Mariland  were  stoared  with  and  did  produce  such  rich  commodi- 
ties as  those  Territories  do,  out  of  which  the  Hollanders  doe 
debar  us  Trade,  or  that  those  our  Plantations  were  inhabited  with 
such  ingenious  men  as  theirs  be,  into  which  they  wil  not  suffer 
us  to  trade. 

But  seeing  Virginia  and  Mariland  have  no  such  rich  com- 
modities, nor  ingenious  people  to  produce  them,  nor  plenty  of 
anything  but  what  may  be  had  everywhere,  is  it  not  then  a  mad- 
ness to  hinder  the  Hollanders  or  any  else  from  trading  thither  ? 
Shall  we,  to  put  out  one  of  their  eyes,  lose  both  our  own  ?  I  do 
hope  it  will  be  more  seriously  considered,  and  not  by  following 
the  humor  of  a  few  covetous,  ignorant,  self-seeking  men  destroy 
so  many  thousands  of  Your  Majesties  subjects  planted  in  those 
parts,  and  thereby  lose  the  best  and  hopefullest  Plantation  that 
belongs  to  this  Nation;  but  permit  the  Hollanders,  or  any  other 

*[Seing?] 


146  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Nations  that  will  to  trade  thither,  until  Virginia  and  Mariland  be 
capable  to  maintain  it  self  by  it  self;  then,  and  not  till  then,  will 
it  be  convenient  to  debar  Foreiners  from  trading  thither. 

The  second  Motive  alledged  for  the  obtaining  this  Act  against 
the  Hollanders  trading  to  Virj^inia  and  Mariland,  is,  that  it  hin- 
ders our  Trade,  not  onely  there,  but  in  England,  whereby  the 
general  commerce  is,  and  our  Shipping  are  decreased. 

To  explain  this,  and  to  shew,  that  the  promoters  of  the  Hol- 
landers prohibition  from  trading  to  Virginia  and  Mariland,  by 
reason  of  their  ignorance  and  unexperiencedness  in  the  negotia- 
tions of  the  world,  are  very  unfit  for  States- men,  and  to  make 
Laws  for  whole  Nations,  when  most  of  them  t^em  have  never 
been  farther  than  in  their  own  shops  and  Ware  houses  wherein 
they  were  bred;  so  that  certainly  it*s  hard  for  such,  especially 
that  mind  onely  their  own  profit  and  interest,  to  set  Rules  for 
others  in  those  things  which  they  understand  not;  but  with  grief 
in  may  be  spoken,  that  though  the  sluggishness  and  sloathful 
neglect  of  our  most  experienced  men  in  this  Nation,  and  their 
unwillingness  to  take  pains,  or  to  appear  in  publick  business, 
which  chiefly  may  be  attributed  for  their  not  being  encouraged 
and  countenanced,  do  thereby  give  too  much  leav  to  hairbrain'd 
Ignorance  to  obtain  that  which  doth  not  onely  overthrow  them- 
selves, but  the  most  ingeniousest  men,  and  our  whole  Nation, 
whereby,  and  that  deservedly,  all  perish  together. 

Therefore  before  I  proceed  to  the  next  particular,  I  pray  that 
the  State  of  Virgifiia  and  Marilaiid,  as  they  now  are  in  may  be 
considered. 

Virginia  <^nd  Mariland  are  colonies,  which  though  capable  of 
better  commodities,  yet  for  the  present  affoard  onely  these, Tobacco 
chiefly,  then  in  the  next  place  Corn  and  Cattel,  commodities 
almost  in  every  country  whatever  to  be  had;  withall  they  are 
such  commodities,  that  except  purchased  in  those  Plantations  so 
cheap  as  not  else-where  so  to  be  had,  none  would  ever  go  thith^ 
to  fetch  them,  no  not  we  our  selves.  Which  being  so,  then  cer- 
tainly it  cannot  stand  with  wisdom  to  hinder  the  Hollanders  from 
going  thither,  for  unlesse  what  is  there  produced  be  fetched  from 
thence,  the  Planters  will  have  little  encouragement  to  manure 
the  ground,  or  trouble  themselves  to  take  so  much  pains  as  they 
do,  for  what,  when  obtained,  they  know  not  what  to  do  there- 


VikGINIA   AND   THE   ACT   OF  NAVIGATION.  147 

with.  Doth  it  not  then  hence  appear,  that  unless  as  some  plant, 
others  go  to  buy  what  is  planted,  there  can  be  no  trade  or  com- 
merce in  such  a  place  ?  Seeing  what  the  commodities  of  Vir- 
ginia  and  Mariland  are  is  it  not  a  great  advantage  to  those  Colo- 
nies to  have  then  by  every  body  fetched  thence  ?  and  on  the 
contrary,  must  it  not  needs  be  a  disadvantage  to  the  commerce 
there,  not  to  do  it  ?  If  therefore  then  we  debar  the  Hollanders 
from  going  thither,  see  the  inconveniences  that  will  arise  thereby. 

The  Hollander  began  to  plant  Tobacco  in  his  own  Territories, 
as  soon  as  the  Act  for  their  prohibition  from  Virginia  and  Mari- 
land in  the  long  Parliment  was  obtained,  will  he  not  proceed  to 
plant  greater  quantities,  and  so  totally  supply  himself  by  Kis  own 
labour  ?  do  we  not  force  him  to  this  ourselves,  and  so  thereby 
cut  off  our  own  trade?  will  he,  after  accustomed  to  the  Tobacco 
of  his  own  growth,  ever  regard  that  which  is  in  Virginia  ?  will 
he  ever  afterwards  be  induced  to  fetch  it  thence,  when  he  finds 
his  profit  nigher  at  home  ?  and  will  he  ever  buy  that  of  us,  when 
by  passing  so  many  hands,  and  so  much  charge  contracted  there- 
on, is  made  so  dear,  that  he  can  have  it  cheaper  in  his  own 
Territories  ?  fsurely  no)  Therefore  it  clearly  appears,  that  being 
so,  of  neccessity  we  must  lose  that  Trade  and  Commerce.        ^ 

And  if  it  be  alleged,  the  Tobacco  planted  in  Holland  is  not  so 
good  as  what  comes  from  Virginia^  none  will  buy  Gold  too  dear, 
and  being  used  once  to  bad,  the  best  is  not  regarded;  what 
grows  in  Holland  for  present  spending  is  as  good  as  any.  Have 
we  not  in  this  Nation  by  reason  of  the  dearness  and  Sophistica- 
tion of  Virginians  Tobacco,  accustomed  our  selves  so  to  Virginia^ 
that  little  Spanish,  though  much  better,  is  spent  amongst  us  at 
this  day  ?  And  certainly,  experienced  men  will  say,  it  is,  and 
will  be  the  overthrow  of  our  Trade  and  commerce,  to  put  any 
people  upon  necessities  to  seek  that  out  in  their  own  Territories, 
which  we  will  not  let  them  have  from  us,  but  with  excessive  cost 
and  charge ;  which  if  it  were  othewise  to  be  had  of  us  at  easie 
rates  they  would  would  not  so  much  as  think  thereof  to  plant  it 
themselves,  of  which,  many  experimental  examples  may  be 
shown  in  order  thereunto. 

Again,  If  the  Hollanders  must  not  trade  to  Virginia  how  shall 
the  Planters  dispose  of  their  Tobacco  ?  the  English  will  will  not 
buy  it,  for  what  the  Hollander  carried  thence  was  a  sort  of  To- 


^•V 


t 

r 

4 


148  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE.  ^ 

bacco,  not  desired  by  any  other  people,  nor  used  by  us  in  Bng- 
land  but  merely  to  transport  for  Holland.  Will  it  not  then  per- 
ish on  the  Planters  hands  ?  which  undoubtedly  is  not  onely  an 
apparent  loss  of  so  much  stock  and  commoditie  to  the  Planta- 
tions, who  suffer  thereby,  but  for  want  of  its  employment,  an  in- 
finite prejudice  to  the  commerce  in  general. 

Then  again.  If  you  keep  thence  the  Hollanders,  can  it  be 
believed,  that  from  England  more  ships  will  be  sent  than  are 
able  to  bring  thence  what  Tobacco  England  wiir spend  ?  if  they 
do  bring  more,  must  they  not  lose  thereby  both  stock  and  Block, 
principal  and  charges  ?  the  Tobacco  will  not  vend  in  England^ 
the  Hollanders  will  not  fetch  it  from  England;  what  must  become 
thereof?  even  flung  to  the  Dunghil.  Is  not  then  this  a  destruc- 
tion to  the  commerce?  for  if  men  lose  their  Estates,  certainly 
trade  cannot  be  encreased. 

A  farther  prejudice  doth  evidently  attend  the  commerce  by 
this  Act,   not  onely  in  debarring  Hollanders  from  trading  to 
^  those  colonies,  but  thereby  we  do  likewise  debar  ourselves;  for 

N  by  the  Act,  no  English  Ships  can  load  any  goods  in   Virginia 

^  and  Mariland  to  transport  to  any  country  but  our  own  Terri- 

tories; Is  not  this  absolutely  against  the  very  essence  and  being 
of  Trade  and  commerce,  and  cuts  off  all  industry  or  ingenious 
designes,  and  is  in  a  manner  quite  against,  and  contrary  to  the 
intent  of  the  Act  it  self,  which  I  conceive  is  to  find  out  a  means, 
that  the  Hollanders  cheap  sailing  should  not  overthrow  our 
markets,^  our  shipping  going  dearer  set  to  sea  than  theirs  ? 

Which  I  explain  thus,  a  ship  having  loaden  herself  in  Virginia 
and  Mariland,  with  Tobacco,  Beef,  Pork,  and  Corn,  must  bring 
these  commodities  to  England,  or  into  other  our  Territories ; 
being  landed  in  England,  is  not  the  Hollander,  arriving  in  that 
place,  where  those  Goods  are  so  landed,  as  free  to  buy  them  of 
the  Importer  as  any  other  Merchant^ of  England,  that  would 
transport  them  in  our  own  ships  ?  they  then  both  going  to  one 
Market,  hath  not  the  Hollander  the  same  advantage  he  ever  had? 
and  do  what  we  can  we  can  in  such  a  case,  will  under-sell  us. 
Is  not  this  then  a  prejudice  to  the  commerce,  and  gives  the  Hol- 
landers that  very  benefit  which  we  strive  to  keep  from  him. 

Now  as  this  is  a  prejudice  to  the  commerce  of  Virginia  and 
Mariland,  so  in  the  like  it  will  hold  in  all  our  American  Planta- 


/ 


VIRGINIA   AND    THE   ACT   OF   NAVIGATION.  149 

dons;  but  I  am,  and  it  is  my  business  at  present  onely,  to  plead 
for  Virginia  and  Mariland,  and  to  show  its  disadvantages  to 
those  colonies;  Will  not  this  contract  a  great  deal  of  needless 
charges  and  hazardous  voyages,  and  that  upon  such  goods  and 
commodities  as  Virginia  and  Mariland  affoard,  which  will  not 
keep  in  long  and  tedious  voyages  ?  doth  it  not  hereby  then  ap- 
pear to  be  an  absolute  hindrance  of  trade  and  commerce,  not 
onely  to  those  places,  but  to  ourselves  here  in  England  ? 

I  demand  then.  If  it  would  not  be  better  to  let  our  English 
ships,  loading  in  those  colonies,  when  laden,  to  go  whither  they 
please,  and  pay  in  the  places  where  they  do  lade,  (if  it  will 
not  be  dispenced  with  otherwise)  the  same  customs  to  your 
Majesty  as  they  should  have  done  in  England^  or  give  Bills  from 
thence  to  pay  it  In  England  ?  certainly  this  would  be  more  bene- 
ficial to  the  commerce,  and  security  both  for  the  ships  and  goods 
and  advantageous  to  your  Majesty;  for  whilst  they  are  comming 
to  England  they  might  be  at  the  end  of  their  intended  voyages, 
and  obtain  a  Market,  which  haply  in  England  q,o\AA  not  be  had; 
and  with  the  proceeds  of  those  very  goods  return  for  England, 
and  there  produce  more  advantage  to  your  Majesties  customes, 
when  as  otherwise  by  making  a  double  voyage  run  a  hazard  to 
lose  all,  so  that  by  what  herein  hath  been  said,  I  hope  it  will  ap* 
pear,  our  commerce  is  rather  hindred  than  furthered. 

Then,  as  concerning  our  shipping,  I  shall  briefly  show,  that 
the  debarring  the  Hollanders  thence  doth  no  way  encrease  them/ 

The  Hollanders  never  from  Virginia  and  Mariland  fetched 
anything  else  but  Tabacco;  neither  do  our  English  ships  that 
sail  thither  ever  go  full  loaden,  as  few  as  we  send. 

Therefore  if  the  Hollanders  go  not  thither,  but  plant  Tobacco 
in  their  own  Territories,  whereby  they  will  not  need  ours,  we 
shall  not  send  ships  to  Virginia  and  Mariland  to  fetch  thence 
what  we  cannot  again  dispose  of;  so  that  we  shall  imploy  no 
more  ships  to  those  colonies  than  will  fetch  so  much  Tobacco  as 
will  vend  in  England,  How  is  it  possible  that  this  then  can  de- 
crease or  increase  our  ships,  when  as,  when  the  Hollanders 
traded  thither,  we  brought  no  less  into  England  than  we  do  now, 
nor  when  they  trade  not  shall  we  bring  the  more  ? 

Doth  it  not  plainly  appear,  that  foreign  Nations  trading  into 
a  country  make  the  people  industrious,  and  their  industry  makes 


150  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

that  Nation  rich,  and  so  by  wealth  comes  countries  to  be  inhabi- 
ted, which  increases  Trade,  and  the  more  trade  the  more  need  of 
shipping  to  manage  it?  so  that  I  am  of  the  judgment,  that  the 
freer  foreign  Nations  be  admitted  to  those  colonies,  it  will  the 
more  increas  Navigation  that  way,  and  the  contrary  will  lessen 
it:  For  if  once  the  Inhabitants  be  destroyed  and  ruinated,  where 
is  your  trade?  and  then,  how  shall  we  employ  our  shipping? 
Having  by  the  foregoing  reasons  shewed  how  those  colonies 
will  suffer,  in  debarring  the  Hollanders  trade  thither,  and  in- 
crease, if  admitted,  both  as  to  the  commerce  and  shipping;  In 
the  next  place  I  come  to  the  third  Motive  or  pretence  urged,  for 
prohibiting  the  Hollanders  trading  to  Vtrgima  and  Marilandy 
under  this  notion,  that  your  Majesties  customes  thereby  would 
much  suffer  &  be  lesned. 

This  would  be  true,  and  to  be  allowed,  if  we  could  force  the 
Hollanders  to  fetch  all  the  Tobacco  they  spent  out  of  England^ 
and  that  it  were  not  to  be  had  but  in  those  Plantations;  but  we 
see  the  contrary,  its  to  be  had  in  all  the  parts  of  America^  that 
are  seated  by  any  European  people ;  In  France  great  quantity 
is  planted  yearly, and  of  late  years  meerly  by  our  debarring  them 
going  to  our  Plantations ;  the  Hollanders,  as  I  said  before,  have 
planted  such  store,  and  will,  if  continued  from  going  thither, 
plant  daily  more  and  more,  that  they  will  not  need  it  from  any 
other  place:  so  that  the  Hollanders  not  fetching  it  from  Virginia 
or  Mariland,  nor  our  Traders  bringing  it  to  England,  it  must 
perish  in  the  country;  or  if  brought  into  England^  and  not  able 
to  bear  its  charge,  nor  finding  vend,  it  will  undoubtedly  rot  in 
the  Warehouses.  Which  way  then  shall  our  customes  increase 
by  the  Hollanders  not  trading  into  those  Colonies  ? 

I  am  sure  upon  the  first  obtaining  this  Act  in  the  long  Parlia- 
ment, our  Traders  to  Virginia  and  Mariland  carried  the  Tobacco 
from  those  colonies  directly  to  Holland  themselves,  and  neither 
paid  Duties  in  the  country,  nor  in  England,  and  so  they  would  so 
still  if, permitted;  wherein  it  is  appardht,  its  their  own  interests 
that  is  sought  after;  for  the  custom,  let  the  Hollanders  trade 
thither  or  not,  will  be  the  same  in  England,  and  rather  increase 
than  decrease  if  they  be  permitted  to  trade  thither;  for  as  the 
colonies  increase,  they  will  grow  to  better  husbandry,  and  So  by 


VIRGINIA    AND   THE   ACT   OF   NAVIGATION.  151 

the   production  of  better  commodities  make  our  customs  the 
greater. 

■ 

Having  run  through  those  three  grand  Pretences  of  the 
Traders  to  Virginia  and  Mariland,  for  the  Hollanders  prohibi- 
tion from  trading  thither,  I  hope  it  will  clearly  appear,  that  the 
debarring  the  Hollanders  from  going  to  those  Plantations  doth 
not  at  all  advance  our  commerce,  or  your  Majesties  customes, 
but  on  the  contrary,  will  utterly  ruinate  the  colonies  commerce 
and  customes  together  in  a  short  time;  for  if  the  Inhabitants  be 
destroyed,  of  necessity  the  Trade  there  must  cease.  I  demand 
then  in  the  next  place,  which  way  shall  the  charge  of  the  Gov- 
ernments be.  maintained,  if  the  Hollanders  be  debarred  trade  in 
Virginia  and  Marilandy  or  anything  raised  to  defray  the  constant 
and  yearly  Levies  for  the  securing  the  Inhabitants  from  Inva- 
sions of  the  Indians?  how  shall  the  Forts  and  publick  places  be 
built  and  repaired,  with  many  other  incident  charges  daily 
arising,  which  must  be  taken  care  for,  else  all  will  come  to  de- 
struction ?  for  when  the  Hollanders  traded  thither,  they  paid 
upon  every  anchor  of  Brandy,  which  is  about  25  Gallons,  5s. 
Import  brought  in  by  them,  and  upon  every  Hogshead  of 
Tobacco  carried  thence  los  and  since  they  were  debarred  trade, 
our  English,  as  they  did  not,  whils*t  the  Hollander  traded  there, 
pay  anything,  neither  would  they  when  they  traded  not,  and  yet 
they  the  Tobacco  directly  for  Holland ;  so  that  all  these  charges 
being  taxed  on  the  poor  Planters,  it  hath  so  impoverished  them, 
that  they  scarce  can  recover  wherewith  to  cover  their  nakedness. 
As  Forein  trade  makes  rich  and  populous  any  country  that  hath 
within  it  any  staple  commodities  to  invite  them  thither,  so  it 
makes  men  industrious,  striving  with  others  to  gather  together 
in  Societies,  and  building  of  Towns,  and  nothing  doth  it  sooner 
than  the  concourse  of  shipping,  as  we  may  see  before  our  eyes, 
Dover  and  Deal  what  they  are  grown  unto,  the  one  by  the 
Flanders  Trade,  the  other  by  ships  riding  in  the  Downs,  With- 
al!, Strangers  will  be  bro>ight  to  Rules  and  Orders  when  they 
come  to  other  Princes  Territories,  which  Natives  are  not  sd  soon 
brought  unto  especially  our  English,  that  except  they  be  forced 
unto  that  which  is  for  their  advantage,  they  will  not  admit  it, 
ever  repeining  to  be  lyable  to  any  Rule,  be  it  never  so  good. 
So  that  except  the  Hollander  be  permitted  to  trade  to  Virginia 


152  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL  MAGAZINE. 

aiid  Mariland,  it  will  never  flourish  or  come  to  anything,  nor 
never  have  Town  or  Villaj^^e  in  any  part  thereof  propagated  or 
built;  for  our  English  trading  thither  send  no  more  ships  than 
they  need  to  fetch  thence  what  Tobacco  our  Nation  spends;  and 
for  it  they  run  stragling  all  the  country  over,  abiding  in  no 
settled  place,  which  will  never  bring  to  perfection  anything;  to 
the  wonderment  of  ingenuous  men,  that  a  country  so  well  seated 
and  furnished  with  all  manner  of  delights  and  provisions  of 
Land  and  Water,  should  be  so  much  sleighted  and  disregarded. 

Further,  it  may  be  ascertained,  that  except  there  be  some 
order  or  care  taken,  that  a  particular  place  be  assigned  for  all 
commerce,  and  shipping  to  come  to,  and  go  from,  in  those  colo- 
nies, there  never  can  be  any  encouragement  for  handicrafts  men, 
or  ingenious  artists  to  settle,  or  reside  there;  and  in  case  they 
might  be  by  some  means  induced  thereunto,  would  it  not  be  a  sad 
thing,  that  after  all  their  industry  and  pains  taken  to  produce 
anything  worthy  of  regard,  and  more  valuable  than  Tobacco, 
corn,  or  cattel,  to  have  it  left  to  the  to  the  mercy  of  a  few  Tobac- 
conists, and  ignorant  men,  that  know  not  how  to  prise  or  value 
the  same,  but  to  make  a  prey  of  them,  as  they  have  already 
done  by  ingrossing  their  Tobacco,  and  give  them  onely  what 
they  please  for  such  commodities  ? 

If  that  notwithstanding  what  is  by  the  foregoing  particulars 
declared,  it  may  seem  reasonable,  that  the  act  shall  stand  in 
force  against  those  colonies  of  Virginia  and  Marilandy  and  that 
the  Hollanders  and  all  other  foreign  Nations,  that  would  go 
thither,  shall  be  prohibited; 

Then  let  me  on  the  behalf  of  the  said  colonies  of  Virginia  and 
Mariland  make  these  following  Proposals  which  I  hope  will  ap- 
pear but  equitable;  and  I  dare  undertake  for  them,  that  they  will 
be  very  well  satisfied,  that  those  few  Tobacconists  that  have  in- 
grossed  that  Trade  into  their  hands,  shall  still  continue  in  it 
without  moving  further  against  them  therein. 

Firsts  That  the  Traders  to  Virginia  and  Mariland  from  £ng' 
land  shall  furnish  and  supply  the  Planters  and  Inhabitants  of 
those  colonies  with  all  sorts  of  commodities  and  necessaries 
which  they  may  want  or  desire,  at  as  cheap  rates  and  prices  as 
the  Hollanders  used  to  have  when  the  Hollander  was  admitted 
to  trade  thither. 


VIRGINIA   AND   THE   ACT   OF   NAVIGATION.  153 

Secondly,  That  the  said  Traders  out  of  England  to  those 
colonies  shall  not  onely  buy  of  the  Planters  such  Tobacco  in  the 
colonies  as  is  fit  for  England,  but  take  off  all  that  shall  be  yearly 
made  by  them,  at  as  good  rates  and  prices  as  the  Hollanders 
used  to  give  for  the  same,  by  Bills  of  Exchange  or  otherwise , 
when  the  said  Hollanders  and  Dutch  were  permitted  thither  to 
trade. 

Thirdly,  That  if  any  the  Inhabitants  or  Planters  of  the  said 
colonies  shall  desire  to  ship  his  Tobacco  or  goods  for  England, 
that  the  Traders  from  England  to  Virginia  and  Mariland  shall  / 

let  them  have  freight  in  their  ships  at  as  low  and  cheap  rates,  as 
they  used  to  have  when  the  Hollanders  and  other  Nations  traded 
thither. 

Fourthly,  That  for  maintenance  of  the  Governments,  raising 
of  Forces  to  withstand  the  invasions  of  the  Indians,  building  of 
Forts,  and  other  publick  works,  needful  in  such  new  discovered 
countries,  the  Traders  from  England  to  pay  there  in  Virginia 
and  Mariland  as  much  yearly  as  was  received  of  the  Hollanders 
and  Strangers  as  did  trade  thither,  whereby  the  country  may 
not  have  the  whole  burden  to  lie  on  their  hard  and  painfu\ 
labour  and  industry,  which  ought  to  be  encouraged  but  not  dis- 
couraged. 

Thus  having  proposed  in  my  judgment  what  is  both  just  and 
equal,  to  all  such  as  would  not  have  the  Hollanders  permitted  to 
trade  into  Virginia  and  Mariland,  I  hope  if  they  will  not  agree 
hereunto,  it  will  easily  appear,  it  is  their  own  profits  and  interests 
they  seek,  not  those  colonies,  nor  your  Majesties  service,  but  in 
contrary  the  utter  ruine  of  all  the  Inhabitants  and  Planters  there; 
and  if  they  perish,  that  vast  Territory  must  be  left  desolate,  to 
the  exceeding  disadvantage  of  this  Nation,  and  your  Majesties 
Honor  and  Revenue. 

Now  to  have  all  parties  pleased,  the  Traders  to  Virginia  and 
Mariland,  and  the  Inhabitants  and  Planters,  and  that  all  may  be 
done  for  your  Majesties  glory  and  advantage,  without  loss  to 
any; 

By  way  of  Accomodation  this  I  propose.  Let  all  Hollanders 
and  other  Nations  whatsoever,  freely  trade  into  Virginia  and 
Mariland,  and  bring  thither  and  carry  thence  whatever  they 
pitjase,  and  to  counterpoise  the  cheapness  of  their  sailing,  with 


/ 


154  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL    MAGAZINE. 

dearness  of  our  ships,  to  pay  a  set  Duty  and  Imposition  that 
may  countervail  the  same;  and  when  what  they  paid  formerly 
will  not  do  it,  let  it  be  doubled  and  trebled,  as  shall  be  thought 
meet,  yet  still  with  this  caution,  that  it  may  not  make  it  as  bad 
as  if  they  were  totally  prohibited. 

In  the  next  place,  that  all  English  ships  that  do  go  thither  to 
trade,  and  carry  goods  to  any  other  country  besides  England^ 
may  be  freed  of  any  custome  there,  more  than  some  certain  Duty 
to  the  use  of  the  colonies;  for  as  it  is  before  expressed,  the  pro- 
ceed of  those  goods  vended  abroad,  will  countervail  at  their 
return  to  England  to  your  Majesty  twice  the  custome  that  should 
have  been  paid,  did  they  come  directly  from  those  colonies  to 
England, 

This  being  so  settled,  those  colonies  will  flourish,  their  res(>ec- 
tive  Governors  and  Governments  will  be  maintained  without 
charge  to  your  Majesties  Exchequer,  the  people  will  encrease, 
and  by  the  bringing  all  trade  to  certain  select  places,  riches  will 
abound,  Artists  go  over,  Your  Majesties  Dominions  will  be  en- 
larged, the  customes  there  and  England  advanced,  the  commerce 
made  splendent,  and  all  particular  persons  that  are  concerned  as 
well  as  publick  receive  their  contentments;  otherwise  onely 
destruction  must  attend  and  be  the  portion  of  those  colonies. 

I  have  already  in  a  few  printed  sheets  of  mine,  entituled.  Trade 
revived,  which  I  presume  to  deliver  to  your  Majesty,  declared  the 
value  of  those  colonies  of  Virginia  and  Marilandy  and  what 
advantages  they  will  yield  to  this  Nation,  if  encouraged  as  in 
folio  lo  to  B,  of  the  said  Book  appears,  therefore  I  shall  here  say 
no  more  therein ;  but  on  the  contrary,  if  the  Hollanders  and 
Dutch  be  prohibited  trading  thither,  they  will  come  to  nothing. 

And  being  Virginia  was  upon  its  last  legs,  as  we  here  were, 
when  it  pleased  Almighty  God  by  a  like  miracle,  their  Governor, 
under  the  late  usurped  Power  dying,  by  an  unanimous  consent  of 
the  colonies  Sir  William  Barilei*  was  restored  to  the  Govern- 
ment, his  worth  being  so  well  known  to  them,  in  which  happiness, 
by  your  Majesties  most  gracious  confirming  him  therein,  they 
are  made  more  happy,  his  fitness  for  that  Government  being 
such,  as  few,  if  any  there  be,  can  parallel. 

*  Sir  William  Berkeley  is  meant. 


DISCOURSE   OF  THE  OLD   COMPANY.  155 

For  as  much  then  as  God  hath  so  wonderfully  freed  those 
colonies,  as  he  hath  also  freed  us,  from  their  Egyptian  Task 
masters,  and  given  them  their  antient  Governors  as  at  the  first, 
whereby  they  be  in  hopes  to  enjoy  not  onely  their  liberty,  but 
their  wonted  trade  with  all  Nations,  and  so  recover  out  of  that 
languishing  distemper  in  which  they  were;  shall  they,  after  so 
long  suffering,  and  expectation  of  relief,  be  made  more  miserable 
now  than  ever,  and  that  by  an  established  Law,  meerly  obtruded 
on  them  by  a  few  covetous  and  self-interested  men.  Tobacconists 
and  ingrossers  of  that  Trade'? 

God  forbid. 

Having  therefore  as  briefly  as  I  could,  and  the  matter  required, 
in  reference  to  those  colonies.  Remonstrated  to  your  Majesty, 
both  their  agrievance  by  reason  of  the  said  Act,  debarring  them 
foreign  Trade ;  as  also  the  advantage  that  will  arise  to  them  the 
commerce,  and  your  Majesties  Revenue,  if  admitted,  and  the 
Act  suspended,  It  is  left  to  your  Majesties  pious  consideration  to 
do  therein  as  shall  be  most  meet,  by 

Your  Majesties  most  Loyal  and 

Obedient  Subject 

« 

John  Bland. 


Discourse  of  the  Old  Company. 

[The  subjoined  Discourse,  the  original  manuscript  of  which  is  de- 
posited in  the  British  State  Paper  Office,  Colonial  Department,  volume 
3,  No.  40,  was  drawn  up  and  presented  in  1625  by  request  to  the  Board 
of  Trade  and  Plantations,  by  members  of  the  former  London  Com- 
pany, which  had  been  deprived,  in  the  previous  year,  of  its  chartered 
rights.  From  the  foundation  of  the  colony  at  Jamestown,  in  1607,  until 
the  summary  proceedings  in  1624,  the  London  Company  had  adminis- 
tered the  affairs  of  Virginia  with  the  vicissitudes  of  fortune,  so  vividly 
set  forth  in  this  Discourse.  The  authors  of  this  document  were 
evidently  smarting  from  the  unjust  treatment  which  they  had  received 
at  the  hands  of  James  I — a  treatment  entirely  consistent  with  the  whole 
career  of  that  monarch— but  the  correctness  of  their  statement  is  borne 
out  by  both  the  old  and  the  new  sources  of  information  which  we  have 
as  to  this  period.] 


\ 


156  VIRGINIA  HISTORICAL  MAGAZINE. 

May  it  please  your  Lop* 

When  last  we  attended  this  Honourable  Board  y**'  Lop'  re- 
quired two  things  at  our  hands  to  be  presented  this  day  in 
writing  to  your  Lop*. 

The  first,  our  opinion  touching  the  best  forme  of  Government, 
to  be  made  for  such  contract  touching  Tobacco  w'^  his  Ma''*  as 
might  both  uphold  his  former  Revenue,  and  not  be  grievous  to 
the  Plantations.  ' 

Concerning  the  former  of  w***  proposicons,  wee  humbly  crave 
leave  thus  much  to  deliver  w^  out  offence,  that  it  came  altogether 
unexpected  to  us:  who  brought  w^^  us,  a  strong  &  confirmed 
resolucion,  not  to  intermedle  any  more  in  the  business  of  Vir- 
ginia, so  soyled  &  wronged  by  the  partie  opposite,  &  now  re- 
duced to  extreame  terms  allmost  past  recovery  and  wherein  all 
our  former  labours,  cares,  &  expenses  had  receaved  by  the  prac- 
tise &  procurement  of  these  men,  the  underserved  reward  of 
rebuke  and  disgrace. 

Notw"*  standing,  whome  wee  have  alwayes  found  just  &  hono"* 
and  if  happily  some  good  may  rebound  thereby  to  that  now 
distressed  and  languishing  Plantation,  w*""  hath  bin  heretofore  so 
deare  unto  us,  and  w'''^  gave  so  great  hope  of  honour  to  this 
Kingdome,  &  might  have  bin  in  these  tymes  of  warrly  prepara- 
tions, of  so  great  use  &  service  to  his  Mat'"  if  it  had  bin  so  cher- 
ished &  strengthened  by  these  men,  as  when  they  gayned  the 
government,  they  pretended  &  promised,  we  wised  and  designed: 
We  here  present  in  all  humbleness  our  deliberate  opinion  touch- 
ing y*  forme  of  Government  now  fittest  to  be  established  ipr  y* 
restoring  &  reviving  of  that  Plantation,  if  it  be  possible  yd  to 
be  recovered.  Wherein  wee  thinke  it  requisite,  that  yo'  Lo^'  in 
the  first  place  be  truly  informed,  of  y'  state  of  that  Colony,  vhat 
before  it  was,  and  what  now  it  is,  according  unto  ye  best  adftr- 
tisements  from  thence  received. 

The  Plantation  now  in  Virginia,  began  about  ye  yeare  i6cf* 
&  continued  about  twelve  yeares  under  the  Governem*  of  ^• 
selfe  same  handes,  whereinto  it  was  first  intrusted  by  the  Kin*< 
Ma***  the  most  Royall  founder  of  this  noble  worke.     The  pertr 


Jamestown  was  founded  in  May,  1607. 

f  - 


y 


/ 


DISCOURSE   OF   THE   OLD   COMPANY.  157 

ular  carriages  of  this  first  Governem'  are  too  long,  &  would  bee 
too  displeasing  to  yo'  Lopp'  eares.  But  in  General!  such  it  was, 
as  the  now  Earle  of  Middlesex  then  Lo:  high  Treasurer  (being 
an  ancient  adventurer  and  councellor  for  Virginia)  informed  yo*" 
Lop*  sitting  in  Counsell  the  5th  of  March — 1622 — when  he  told 
Alderman  Johnson,  That  in  former  yeares  when  he  y®  said  alder- 
man was  Deputie,and  the  busines  was  in  other  hands,  it  was 
carried  leaudly,  so  that  if  they  should  be  called  to  an  accompt 
for  it,  their  Estates  would  not  answere  it.* 

What  his  Lo^^  delivered  as  his  owne  censure,  was  truly  the 
opinion  of  y*  whole  company  of  Adventurers  here  in  England: 
And  w*^  them  doth  ye  Colonic  concure  having  the  last  yeare  by 
their  Vice.admirall  sent  a  writing  signed  by  the  hands  of  the 
Generall  Assembly,  &  directed  to  his  Ma"*,  wherein  having  de- 
clared :  The  manner  of  Those  Twelve  yeares  Governem^  they 
conclude  w^*"  these  words,  full  of  passion  and  griefe;  and  rather 
then  to  be  reduced  to  live  under  the  like  Government,  wee  desire 
his  Ma'^'  that  Commissioners  may  be  sent  over  with  authoritie  to 
hang  us.f  Of  this  quallitie  was  the  first  Governem*  And  answer- 
able to  fforme,  were  the  effects,  as  y"  Generall  Assemblie  having 
by  oath  examined  the  particulars,  sett  downe  in  their  Declara- 
tion directed  to  his  late  Mat**. 

1 .  For  People  then  alive  about  ye  nomber  of  400. 

2.  Very  many  of  them  in  want  of  come,  utterly  destitute  of 
cattle,  swine,  Poultry  and  other  provisions  to  nourish  them. 

3.  As  for  ffortificacon  agaynst  a  forraigne  enemy  there  was 
none  at  all,  onely  foure  pieces  mounted,  but  altogether  unser- 
viceable. 

4.  There  was  o1ily  eight  Plantacons,  all  w***  were  but  poorely 
housed,  and  ill  fortified  agaynst  the  Savages. 

5.  Onely  one  old  friggott  belonging  to  y*  Sumer  Ilandes,  one 
shallop,  one  shippboate,  ancLtwo  small  boats  belonging  to  private 
men.  y 

*  Alderman  Johnsq^i  had  taken  a  leading  part  in  the  administration 
of  the  affairs  of  the/ colony  during  the  Treasurership  of  Sir  Thomas 
Smith.  He  was  aftyr  1619,  a  member  of  the  Warwick  faction  and  in- 
strumental in  dissojkring  the  company. 

ti624.  July.  Petition  of  Governor  Wyatt,  &c.,  &c.,  to  the  King. 
Colonial  Records  tf  Virginia  Senate  Document,  1874. 

I 


158  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

6.  Three  ministers  in  orders  &  Two  w**  out. 

7.  No  comoditie  on  foote  save  Tobacco. 

8.  The  Indians  in  doubtful  Termes. 

This  as  they  report  was  the  true  estate  of  y*  Plantacons  at  y' 
Twelve  yeares  end.  To  w**"  being  added  the  other  condicon  of 
the  colonie,  w**  in  other  writinges  they  expresse; 

1.  That  they  lived  or  rather  suffered  under  Martial  la  we.* 

2.  Under  a  most  extorting  Governour  there  whome  by  24  bun- 
dles of  depositions  they  have  accused  of  strange  depredacons.t 

3.  Under  most  oppressive  orders  hence,  to  ye  breach  of  all 
faith  and  honesty. 

4.  W^'^out  comfort  of  wives  or  servants. 

5.  W'^'out  a.ssurance  of  their  estates. 

6.  There  beinge  no  Dividents  of  Land  laid  out.J 

7.  W'^out  assurance  of  their  Libties,  being  violently  deteyned 
as  serv*"  beyond  their  convenented  tymes. 

We  may  truly  afhrme,  that  y**  intencons  of  ye  people  in  Vir- 
ginia, were  no  wayes  to  settle  there  a  colonie,  but  to  gett  a  little 
wealth  by  Tobacco,  then  in  price,  and  to  return  for  Englande. 

As  for  y*  Adventurers  here  the  greatest  part  were  long  before 
beaten  out  as  from  an  hopeless  Action.  In  w*"*"  reguard  there 
was  fhfteene  thousand  pounds  of  mens  subscripcons  w*^  by  no 
means  they  could  bee  procured  to  pay  in;  sundry  of  them 
alleaging  in  theer  answers  in  chancery  upon  their  oathes,  the 
misimployment  of  ye  monyes,  &  ill  keeping  of  the  accounts. 
Those  few  that  followed  the  business,  upon  some  hope  to  reforme 
it,  were  (by  the  Governours  here,  for  their  owne  perticuler  ends 
as  is  conceaved,  for,  to  theire  owne  private  benefit t  it  was  only 
sutable)  directed  to  bestowe  their  moneyes  in  adventuringe  by 
way  of  Magazine,  upon  two  comodities  onely,  Tobacco  &  Sassa- 
fras, matters  of  present  profhtt,  but  no  wayes  foundacons  of  a 
future  state.  Soe  that  of  a  merchantlike  Trade  there  was  some 
probbillitie  at  least  for  a  while;    but  of  c   Plantation  there  was 


*  Introduced  by  Sir  Thomas  Dale.  These  laws  in  full  are  to  be  found 
in  Force's  Tracts. 

t  Samuel  Argoll,  who  succeeded  Yeardley  in  16/7. 

t  The  planters  had  not  yet  been  permitted  to  select  their  own  land  to 
be  held  in  fee  simple.  This  right  they  could  now  claim  from  the  length 
of  their  services. 


/ 


DISCOURSE  OF  THE  OLD   COMPANY.  159 

none  at  all,  neither  in  the  courses  nor  in  y'  intencons  either  of  the 
Adventurers  here  or  the  colonie  there. 

In  this  estate  &  condicon  was  the  action  lefte  by  the  First  to 
y*  second  Governm'  w®*  began  in  y*  yeare — 1 619— by  the  choice 
of  S'  Edwin  Sandis  for  Treasurer.  To  whome  y*  yeare  follow- 
inge  succeed*  ye  Earle  of  Southampton.* 

1.  Under  whose  Governm*  by  Gods  blessing  the  Plantation 
soe  prospered  as  by  the  end  of  ye  yeare — 162 1 — the  nomber  of 
people  was  encreased,  there,  to  be  about  Two  thousand. 

2.  The  number  of  Neat  cattle,  besides  Goates  &  Swine,  eight 
hundred. 

3.  The  number  of  Housinge  was  proporconably  encreased, 
and  the  manner  of  building  much  bettered. 

4.  The  number  of  Boats  was  Ten  tymes  multiplyed,  and  w*"*" 
was  much  more,  there  were  fower  Shippes  belonging  to  the 
Colonie. 

5.  Ther  were  sent  more  than  eight  able  ministers. 

6.  With  great  care  &  cost  there  were  procured  men  skilfull 
in  sawing  Milles  from  Hambrough. 

7.  Vigneroones  from  Lanquedock:  In  divers  places  of  ye  Col- 
onie, Vineyards  beganne,  some  of  them  conteyinge  Ten  thous- 
and plants. 

8.  Store  of  silkeworme — seed  sent. 

9.  And  the  Iron-workes  brought  after  five  thousand  pounds 
expences  to  that  assured  perfection,  as  w*^  in  Three  months  they 
promised  to  send  home  great  quantities.f 

10.  Many  new  Plantations  were  made. 

11.  All  men  had  sufficiency  of  come. 

12.  And  many  Great  plenty  of  cattle,  swyne  &  Poultrie,  & 
other  good  provisions. 

13.  The  mortalitie  w*"*"  had  raigned  the  two  first  yeares,  (w""*" 
at  that  tyme  was  generall  over  all  America)  was  at  last  ceased. 

14.  Soe  that  by  this  sodayne  &  unexpected  advancement  of 
Plantation  in  these  things,  together  with  y'  redresse  of  all  former 


*This  was  the  friend  of  Shakespeare,  and  a  nobleman  of  great  ac- 
complishments. 

t  These  iron  works  were  situated  at  Falling  creek,  in  Chesterfield 
county,  a  few  miles  below  the  city  of  Richmond.  They  were  destroyed 
in  the  Massacre  of  1622,  and  were  never  rebuilt. 


160  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Grievances  :  supplies  of  youn^  women  for  wives,  &  of  youthes 
for  serv**  being  sent  them.  * 

15.  The  bloudy  Lawes  being  silenced  &  their  Governem*  or- 
dered like  to  that  of  this  Kingdom. 

16.  Provisions  being  made  for  y*  mayntennce  of  Officers  that 
they  should  not  need  to  prey  upon  y*  people  :  And  y*  like  done 
for  y*  ministers :  f 

17.  The  libertie  of  a  Generall  assembly  being  granted  them, 
whereby  they  find  but  and  execute  those  things  as  might  best 
tend  to  their  good. 

18.  The  Estates  of  Land  by  just  Dividends  being  surely  con- 
veyed : 

19.  A  fTree  Trade  from  hense  for  all  sorts  of  people  being  per- 
mitted, whereby  they  were  eeven  to  superfluity  furnished  w"*  all 
necessaries  : 

The  Colony  grewe  into  an  opinion  that  they  were  the  happiest 
people  in  y""  world,  w"**  meeting  here  at  home  w***  y*  experience 
of  most  Noble  Demeanor  on  y'  Companies  part,  agaynst  w*** 
Envy  itselfe  could  not  finde  any  shadowe  of  calamny  or  offence: 
the  reputacon  of  this  action  grew  to  such  an  height,  as  not  only 
the  old  Adventurers  renewed  their  zeale  of  their  first  Loves,  but 
great  numbers  of  new  came  dayly  in  w^**  assurance  to  expend 
large  somes  in  the  business. 

And  for  y*  Plant"  to  goe  in  person,  not  only  here  at  home 
Thousands  of  thoise  people  offred  themselves:  but  out  of  Ire- 
,  land  went  divers  shipps,  &  more  were  followinge:  Three  hun- 
dred ffamilies  French  &  Dutch  in  the  yeare — 1621 — made  re- 
quest to  the  state,  that  they  might  plant  in  Virginia;  J  whither 
not  long  before,  condempned  persons  had  refused  to  go  with 
pardon  of  their  Lives. 

The  great  amendment  in  this  and  in  all  other  parts  of  this 
Action,  made  the  Earle  of  Middlesex  say  at  yo"^  honob**"  Board, 
That  in  these  latter  tymes  the  Plantation  by  the  good  carriage 

^'  The  women  and  boys  were  sent  out  for  the  benefit  of  the  men  who 
occupied,    as  tenants,  the  lands  which  had  been  laid  off  by  the  Com- 
pany for  public  uses. 
t  By  assigning:  to  each  office  a  certain  number  of  acres  in  the  colony 
tThe  terms  offered  by  the  company  to  the  Walloons  not  proving 
satisfactory,  they  did  not  move  to  Virginia. 


DISCOURSE   OF   THE   OLD   COMPANY.  161 

had  thriven  and  prospered  beyond  beliefe  and  allmost  miracu- 
louslie. 

This  wee  cannot  but  esteeme  an  hono^**  testimony  proceeding 
from  our  most  heavy  enemy,  who  had  himselfe  layde  in  o*^  way 
soe  many  great  Rubbs  &  DifRcuhies,  as  hee  might  well  say,  It 
was  by  miracle  wee  over  passed  them. 

The  first  yeare,  directly  agaynst  his  Ma*"  LVes  Pattents,  and 
consequently  against  Laws,  by  the  judgment  of  the  then  Attorney- 
Generall,  exceedingly  over  burdeninge  our  Commoditie :  * 

The  second  yeare  to  ye  Kings  great  dammage  &  abuse  of  the 
whole  Kingdome  procuringe  an  utter  banishment  of  our  To- 
bacco :  t 

And  the  third  yeare  enforceinge  us  to  bring  all  in,  onely  to  the 
enrichm*  of  his  private  friends.  But  besides  these;  we  were  con- 
tinually struglinge  w"*  a  most  malicious  faction  w'**in  our  owne 
Body  here:  J  yet  through  all  these  difficulties  did  we  wrestle  by 
Gods  blessing,  with  the  expence  of  lesse  then  ffower  &  twenty 
thousand  pounds  of  the  Publique  stock.  For  how-so-ever  your 
Lop'  have  been  enformed,  the  very  thruth  w''''  we  shall  alwayes 
make  good  is,  that  there  was  not  receaved  from  from  the  Lot- 
taries  in  the  tyme  of  this  latter  Governem*  any  more  than  Twenty 
one  thousand  seaven  hundred  sixty  six  poundes  nyne  shillings 
Two  pence.  By  the  expence  of  w*'^  some  together  w'**  about 
Three  thousand  pounds  receaved  from  the  Collections,  wee 
brought  the  Colony  to  those  Termes  wee  have  related.  And  if 
in  y*  Declaration  sent  to  his  Ma**®  the  last  yeare,  the  colony  have 
made  a  right  and  perfect  calculacon,  wee  affirme  unto  yo'  Lop' 
that  in  y*  first  Three  yeares  of  this  latter  Governement  the  com- 
pany sent  as  many  shipps  in  November,  but  of  greater  burthen; 

*  Under  the  terms  of  the  company's  charter,  the  custom  on  the  com- 
modities of  the  colony  was  not  for  a  certain  number  of  years  to  exceed 
five  per  cent. 

t  In  1621,  the  whole  of  the  Virginia  crop  of  tobacco  was  transported 
to  Holland,  where  the  colony  had  established  factories  and  appointed 
agents. 

tThis  faction  was  led  by  the  Earl  of  Warwick,  the  unprincipled  pat- 
ron of  a  number  of  unscrupulous  men,  one  of  the  principal  promoters 
of  the  slave  trade  and  the  owner  of  piratical  ships,  which  were  equally 
at  home  in  the  waters  of  the  West  Indies  and  the  Red  sea. 


162  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

as  in  any  people  in  nomber,  but  much  better  provided,  as  were 
sent  in  the  first  Twelve  years.  Yet  had  the  latter  Governem* 
under  Twenty  fower  Thousand  poundes,  and  S^  Thomas  Smith 
receaved  above  Three  score  and  ffifteene  thousand  pounds,  of 
publique  stock.  Soe  that  wee  may  truly  afiirme  through  Gods 
blessing  w*^  a  Third  part  of  the  money,  and  in  a  fourth  part  of 
y*  tyme,  wee  brought  the  Plantation  to  foure  tymes  the  nomber 
of  men  that  Sr  Thomas  Smith  left  it  in,  and  in  all  other  parts 
incomparably  better. 

The  Plantation  being  growne  to  this  height  by  the  end  of  y* 
year — 1621 — it  pleased  God  in  his  secrett  judgment  to  give  leave 
to  y*  enemies  thereof,  by  many  powerfull  &  most  wicked  meanes 
to  bring  it  downe  agayne  to  y'  ground.  The  first  Blowe  was 
a  most  blowdy  massacre,  when  by  the  Treacherous  cruelty  of  the 
savages  about — 400 — *  of  o'  People  were  slayne,  upon  the  22th 
of  March  162 1.  The  terror  whereof  w**  the  losse  of  much  cattle 
and  other  substance,  and  a  sodayne  alteracon  of  the  state  of  all 
things,  so  dismaide  the  whole  Colony,  as  they  allmost  gave  them- 
selves for  gone.  But  then  appeared  both  the  love  of  the  Com- 
pany  to  the  Plantation  &  their  great  abilettie  to  goe  through 
therewith:  when  in  supply  of  this  Loss,  and  for  y*  encourage- 
ment of  the  Colony,  they  did  send  that  yeare  to  Virginia — 16 — 
ships  & — 800 — people  and  that  altogether  at  y*  charges  of  pri- 
vate Adventurors.  For  the  publique  stock  being  utterly  exhaust 
the  yeare  before  was  not  able  to  contribute — 500;^  towards  all 
this  charge. 

But  this  cruell  Tragedy  of  the  massacre  was  second*  by  Two 
other  sharpe  Calamities  in  y*  very  neck  one  of  another: 

First,  scarcitie  in  the  Colony  by  being  putt  off  from  their 
Grounds  prepared,  together  w**"  the  losse  of  their  season  & 
much  seed;  besides  that  through  the  troublesomnes  of  those 
tymes,  they  could  not  freely  imploy  themselves  in  plantinge 
thereof,  no  not  in  those  their  scanted  grounds,  many  Plantacons 
being  drawne  into  few  places  for  their  better  defence.  W*"*  pes- 
tringe  of  themselves  did  likewise  breed  contagious  sicknesse; 
w***  being  encreased  by  the  Infection  brought  in  by  some  shipps, 

*  In  Smith's  History,  Arber's  edition,  page  149,  the  number  slain  is 
stated  to  have  been  347.  This  is  confirmed  by  the  Records  of  the  Lon- 
don Company  now  in  the  Congressional  Library  at  Washington. 


DISCOURSE  OF  THE  OLD  COMPANY.  163 

there  dyed  that  yeare  of  mortallitie  neere  upon — 600 — more:  and 
the  Colony  passed  much  hardnesse  in  their  victuall,  by  reason  of 
the  miscarriage  of  one  of  their  shippes,  w''*'  the  Company  sett 
forth  w"*  above— 500;^  worth  of  meale  and  other  provisions:  Bui 
the  shipp  being  blowne  up  w""  Powder  at  the  Summer  Islendes, 
the  Provisions  were  lost,  &  never  came  to  Virginia, 

Notwithstandinge  these  things  were  most  grievous  to  the 
Company  here;  yett  were  they  no  wayes  of  Discouragement,  but 
rather  seemed  to  add  heat  to  their  former  zeale:  so  as  by  the 
beginning  of  the  year — 1623 — there  appeared  in  readinesse  & 
preparation  to  go  to  Virginia,  double  that  nomber  of  people,  & 
Adventurers  that  any  former  yeare  had  carried.  When  on  a 
sodayne  the  Plantation  itselfe  was  by  Captaine  Butler  *  in  a  cer- 
tayne  writinge  Instituted  The  unmaskinge  of  Virginia,  soe 
fowly  disgraced,  and  the  present  miseries  thereof  so  farr  ampli- 
fied above  Truth,  and  the  future  hopes  there  of  so  belowe  all 
good  meanings  derided  &  villified  by  divers  ill  willers  of  the 
Action  especially  some  discontented  members  of'  y*  Company,  as 
the  greatest  part  of  the  intended  supplies  for  PJew  Plantations, 
gave  over,  as  some  of  themselves  will  testify  to  yo'  Lop',  yet 
notw'*'standinge,  the  vinted  Body  of  the  Company  did  even  that 
year — 1623  send  out  eleven  Shfpps,  stored  w'**  supplies  of  victuall' 
&  provisions:  although  by  many  cruell  encounters  of  the  oppo- 
sites,  they  were  so  hindred  and  dejected,  directly  w""  Intention  to 
make  them  abandon  y*  busines.  But  the  welfare  of  the  Planta- 
con  and  the  mayntennce  of  their  own  honour  &  credit,  did  pre- 
vaile  so  w"*  the  company  thar  though  w'*"  certainty  of  their  owne 
eztreame  loss,  they  passed  in  the  aboundance  of  supply,  not 
only  the  necessitis  of  the  Colony,  but  even  the  unreasonable  de- 
inaunds  of  their  opposite :  having  in  fower  days  space  that  was 
given  them  after  the  notice  of  the  Colonies  want,  procured  the 
underwriting  of  fower  thousand   pounds    Adventure:   w"^   the 

*  Captain  Butler  arrived  in  Virginia  not  long  after  the  massacre  of 
1622  had  taken  place.  He  had  previously  been  Governor  of  the  Somer 
Islands  and  was  in  sympathy  with  those  members  of  the  London  Com- 
pany who  were  anxious,  in  their  inability  to  obtain  control  of  its  affairs, 
to  secure  a  revocation  of  its  charter,  a  purpose  in  which  they  finally 
succeeded.  "  The  Unmasking  of  Virginia  *'  may  be  found  in  Virginia 
Company  of  London,  Virginia  Historical  Collections,  Vol.  VIIL 


164  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Hono**^*  Board  of  the  privy  Counsell  was  pleased  w***  much  Noble 
favour  highly  to  approve. 

As  for  the  people  that  went  that  yeare  in  those  eleven  ships, 
the  nomber  was  not  above — 260 — and  those  procured  not  w'^'out 
difficulty,  so  much  had  the  disgrace  of  the  Plantation  spread 
amongst  y*  comon  sort  of  people. 

Neither  could  it  be  prevented  by  the  companie  although  they 
used  all  possible  dilligence:  solliciting  the  Comission"  then  ap- 
pointed by  his  Ma^**  by  a  publique  Examinacon  of  Captayne 
Butlers  reporte,  to  clear  the  truth.  But  they  would  by  no 
meanes  bee  drawne  thereunto.  As  for  the  companie  it  selfe, 
their  proceedings  &  demeanors  were  so  approbriously  calumniat"^ 
as  deprived  them  both  of  abillitie  &  credite  to  doe  any  good 
herein:  but  w**"  much  sorrowe  to  behold  how  sencibly  and  dan- 
gerously the  good  opinion  of  this  Action  decayed;  so  that 
Preachers  of  note  in  the  Cittie  that  had  begun  in  this  latter 
Governem'  to  pray  continually  for  Virginia,  lefte  quite  the 
remembrance  of  it;  finding  the  Action  to  growe  either  odious  or 
contemptible  in  mens  minds:  w***  yet  but  a  little  before  was  of 
that  esteeme  as  divers  on  their  death  beds  gave  great  Legacies 
to  the  furtherance  thereof;  and  even  from  the  East  Indies  byway 
of  contribucon,  hath  bin  sent  by  the  (factors  and  poore  marriners 
above — 1000 — marks,  so  farr  was  the  reputacon  of  this  action 
spread,  by  the  prosper inge  thereof  under  the  latter  Governem', 
and  by  their  zealous  &  sollicitous  endeavours.  W^  although  by 
the  continuall  encrease  of  furthur  suffringes,  their  pattent  being 
called  in  question,  receaved  a  sore  check:  yet  not  w***standing 
their  owne  Innocencie  giving  them  courage  &  hope  that  they 
should  overcome  all  w"*  honour  &  thanks  of  the  state:  there 
were  ffive  shipps  provided  for  this  last  yeare — 1624 — whereof  one 
of  them  since  the  Companies  disolucon  hath  given  over  her 
voyage:  the  other  ffoure  have  proceeded,  although  w*^  much 
difficulty,  in  regard  that  a  great  part  of  the  Passengers  that  afore 
intended  to  goe,  fell  off  Whereby  two  of  the  shippes  w*^  had 
their  comissions  from  y**  late  companie  in  May  last  could  not  gett 
away  till  ye  end  of  this  last  yeare,  the  one  in  ffebruary,  the  other 
in  March  last. 

Thus  have  wee  given  yo'  Lop'  a  true  Informacon,  both  of  the 
growth  and  languishinge  of  ye  Virginia  Plantacon,  in  these  ffive 


DISCOURSE   OF   THE    OLD   COMPANY.  165 

latter  yeares  Governem^  wherein  no  incombrances,  no  calamities 
whatsoever  could  keepe  it  soe  downe,  but  that  it  did  yearely  ad- 
vance iiselfe  w*"*  a  most  remarkable  growth  whilst  the  carefull 
Nurse  and  tender  mother  the  Company  was  permitted  to  gov- 
erne  it. 

Though  contagion  &  sword  destroyed  many  people:  yet 
whilst  the  nOmber  of  new  did  doubly  supply  those  that  sayled  it 
cannot  be  said,  but  the  action  was  in  a  thriving,  in  a  prosperous 
course;  though  not  in  a  clease  or  easy.  Then  began  it  to  stand 
when  the  Companie  was  troubled ;  to  stagger,  when  they  were 
disgrac'd  and  discountenanced;  to  sinck,  when  they  were  terri- 
fyed  w'**  affreightment  of  dissolucon ;  since  w*"**  tyme  there  hath 
bin  nothing  at  all  done  towards  the  recovery  or  helping  it  for- 
ward, but  much  t wards  y*  hindrenge  bringing  it  lower. 

The  poor  supply  of  people  &  shippers  that  are  gone,  are  but 
the  remaynder  of  the  late  Companies  cares  &  loves.  The  settlers 
out  of  the  best  of  them  doe  affirme,  that  if  they  had  not  been  so 
farr  engaged  before  the  unexpected  dissolucon  of  ye  late  Com- 
panie, they  would  have  drawne  back  their  adventures  and  People. 
When  they  shall  arive  in  Virginia  they  will  not  bring  either  comfort 
or  supply  to  the  Colonie:  but  only  add  to  their  Calamitie,  to  their 
grief. 

The  first  Shipp  went  in  August,  victualled  only  for  Three 
months ;  the  next  in  October ;  neither  of  them  were  arived  the 
25th  of  ffebruary  last.  Whereby  they  must  needs  come  into 
Virginia  in  most  miserable  distresse. 

The  other  two  went  out  soe  meanly  provid*  that  however  their 
voyage  shal  be,  they  cannot  but  prove  an  insupported  charge  to 
the  Colony,  much  disfurnished  by  the  victualling  of  divers  shipps 
lately  returned  thence,  and  so  ill  provided  by  a  deceptful  cropp, 
w*^  seemed  large,  but  proved  scant,  as  wee  dare  not  but  acquaynt 
yo'  Lop"  what  experience  pex:3wades  us,  That  there  is  like  to 
foUowe  in  the  Colonie  some  great  distresse  for  victualls  except 
by  speedy  supply  hence  they  be  relieved. 

There  is  likewise  in  the  Colony  a  most  dangerous  want  of 
Powder,  so  great,  as  if  the  savages  should  but  knowe  advantage 
they  have  thereby  they  might  easily  in  one  day  destroy  all  o' 
people. 

There  is  most  extreame  want  of  hose,  shoes,  &  all  apparell, 


166  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL  MAGAZINE. 

even  to  a  dangerous  empeachement  of  their  healthes:  and 
that  so  generall,  as  the  provisions  carried  in  these  late  shipps, 
will  not  as  farr  as  wee  cann  learne,  supply  the  Tenth  part  of  their 
necessities.  The  want  of  such  wonted  supplies,  will  undoubtedly 
much  dismay  &  deject  the  Colony.  But  when  they  shall  under- 
stand of  the  Companies  dissolucon,  for  the  continuance  of  whose 
Governem'  and  the  Liberties  they  enjoyed  under  them,  they  were 
most  importunate  suitors  to  his  Ma^*  and  that  they  are  returned 
under  those  handes  w""*  they  so  much  abhorred :  Wee  doubt  no 
possible  meanes  will  be  found  to  keepe  the  greatest  and  best 
part  of  the  Colonie  from  imediatly  cominge  away.  For  wee  are 
credibly  informed,  that  some  of  the  chiefs,  have  allready  by  sell- 
inge  of  their  Estates,  made  preparacon  upon  the  first  notice  of 
the  change,  to  leave  the  Country.  But  when  further  they  shall 
heare  the  newes  of  the  late  contract,  whereby  all  their  hopes 
shal  be  quite  extinguished  and  all  possibilitie  of  subsistance 
taken  from  them,  wee  cannot  thinke  that  any  will  stay  behinde 
that  shall  not  be  kept  by  force. 

But  howsoever  it  shall  happen:  sure  we  are  that  by  these  alter- 
acons  &  courses,  the  mindes  of  the  Planters  wil  be  filled  w*^  such 
Jealousies  &  suspicions  as  it  wil  be  a  long  while  ere  they  wil  be 
reduced  to  a  firm  resolucon  of  setting  up  the  Rest  of  their  Lives, 
&  hopes,  in  the  Colony:  which  w**"  all  humble  duty  we  are  bold 
to  say  hath  bin  &  will  ever  bee  a  disposition  most  pernicious  to 
the  establishing  of  the  Plantation  :  And  the  overcoming  thereof 
by  the  Company,  we  hold  to  have  bin  one  of  the  greatest  ser- 
vices that  they  did.  This  wee  conceave  to  be  y*  state  of  the 
Colonie  now  in  Virginia  w''**  though  they  should  be  persuad^  or 
forced  to  stay  yet  w'^out  supply  of  others  sent  hence,  they  must 
needs  come  to  nothinge  in  a  very  short  space,  although  they  had 
noe  other  enemy. 

As  for  adventuringe  hence,  what  by  the  disgracinge  of  the 
Action  itselfe,  &  the  undeserved  suffrings  of  the  late  Companie, 
the  businesse  is  brought  to  such  a  stand,  as  seemes  incredible: 
there  being  no  preparacon  that  wee  can  heare  of  not  only  of  any 
shipp,  but  of  any  man  to  goe  to  Virginia  whereas  comonly  for 
divers  yeares  before,  there  were  foure  or  five  shipps  in  readinesse, 
and  as  many  hundreds  of  men,  at  this  tyme  of  y'  yeare. 

So  that  even  in  that  reguard  also  the  Colony  will  find  theni' 


bacon's  rebellion.  167 

selves  both  in  great  discomfort  &  in  great  danger.  For  although 
formerly  they  had  no  Forte  on  the  Land  to  hinder  a  forraigne 
enemy:  yet  especially  in  the  latter  tymes,  there  was  such  a 
boundance  of  shipping  comminge  and  goinge  continually  to  Vir- 
ginia that  there  hath  bin  sometymes  told  seaventeene  sayle  to- 
gether in  James  River.  Whereby  besides  that  is  was  a  continuall 
terror  to  the  Natives  it  would  have  bin  a  difficult  thinge  to  en- 
damage the  Colonic,  w'^^out  the  power  both  of  many  shipps,  & 
many  souldiers,  W**  was  amongst  divers  others,  a  very  mayne 
securitie  &  encouragement  to  persuade  men  boldly  to  goe  to 
Virginia.  But  that  and  all  other  helpes  being  now  foyled  or 
much  empayred  although  the  nomber  of  men  be  at  least  Three 
tymes  as  many  as  when  wee  undertooke  the  Governem';  yet  will 
wee  Ingenuously  yield,  that  equall  thanks  &  equall  honour  wil 
be  due  to  them,  who  shall  now  recover  &  restore  it  to  that  pros- 
perous &  flourishing  estate  to  w*"**  by  Gods  blessinge  o'  cares  & 
labours  had  brought  it,  untill  it  was  marred  by  them,  who  as  ap- 
peares  never  loved  it,  but  for  their  owne  indirect  ends,  w''''  they 
have  industriously  pursued.  Thus  much  touching  the  present 
estate  of  the  Plantation,  &  the  late  generail  decay  thereof 

Wherein  wee  hope  yo""  Lop*  will  excuse  both  our  playnes  & 
prolixitie,  tending  to  no  other  end,  but  only  to  present  unto  yo^ 
Lop'  viewe  the  cleare  state  &  true  nature  of  the  Disease;  that  so 
yo'  Lop'  in  yo'  great  wisdome  may  the  better  discerne  &  provide 
the  proper  remedies.  Towards  w*^**  since  yo'  Lop"  have  bin  also 
pleased  to  require  some  preparative  as  it  were  of  o'  opinions:  wee 
will  now  humbly  apply  our  selves  to  that  consideration  w***  w 
all  the  rest  were  but  griefe  and  labour. 

TO   BE  CONTINUED. 


•h 


I 


Bacon's  Rebellion. 

William  Sherwood's  Account.    ^ 

[William  Sherwood,  according  to  one  of  his  letters,  came  to  Virginia 
in  1668.  He  had  been  convicted  of  crime  in  England  ("one  of  those 
who  robbed  me,  whom  I  saved."  says  Williamson),  and  was  pardoned, 
on  the  intercession  of  Sir  Joseph  Williamson,  Secretary  of  State.  He 
had  probably  been  bred  to  the  Bar,  and  became  one  of  the  leading 


168  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

lawyers  of  Virginia.  It  seems  likely,  from  a  suit  for  slander,  recorded 
in  York  county,  that  his  English  career  was  unknown  in  the  colony,  as 
no  mention  of  it  is  made  by  a  violent  and  abusive  defendant. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  House  of  Burgesses,  1684;  Coroner  and 
Justice  of  James  City  county,  1687,  and  in  March,  1677,  was  appointed 
Attorney- General.     [Robinson' s  Notes  from  General  Court  Records.) 

In  all  of  Sherwood's  letters  to  Williamson  (which  are  preserved  in 
the  English  Public  Record  Office)  he  expresses  great  gratitude  to  his 
correspondent,  and  penitence  for  his  offence — a  penitence  which  seems 
to  have  lasted  through  life,  for  his  epitaph  at  Jamestown,  after  stating 
his  birth-place  as  White  ChapeU  declares  that  here  was  a  miserable 
sinner  awaiting  the  resurrection.  At  Surry  C.  H.  was  found,  not  long 
ago,  a  volume  of  the  Universal  History,  lettered,  "Ex  dono  William 
Sherwood."  The  fly  leaves  and  title  page  are  missing,  so  it  cannot  be 
discovered  to  whom,  or  what,  it  was  presented. 

There  is  recorded  in  Middlesex  County  a  power  of  attorney,  dated 
October  24,  1698,  from  Jeffrey  Jeffreys,  of  London,  Esquire,  to  Dudley 
Digges,  William  Churchill  and  Arthur  Spicer,  merchants,  to  recover 
such  personal  estate  as  was  bequeathed  him  by  the  last  will  of  Wil- 
liam Sherwood,  of  James  City,  Virginia,  deceased,  dated  August  ii, 
1697,  and  also  all  such  lands,  houses  and  other  real  estate  as  Sherwood 
bequeathed  to  him  in  reversion  after  the  death  of  his  wife  Rachel  Sher- 
wood; so  there  are  no  descendants  who  might  be  troubled  by  a  knowl- 
edge of  Sherwood's  offence  in  England.  His  after-life  of  nearly  thirty 
years  in  Virginia  appears  to  have  been  honorable  and  he  esteemed.] 

Rt.  Hon'^'^* 

That  I  may  manifest  that  gratitude  which  I  shall  always  to 
make  it  p'  of  the  great  obligacons  I  have  Rec*  from  yo'r  hon'r  and 
considering  my  allegeehce  to  my  soveraigne,  &  duty  to  yo'r  honV 
doe  presume  to  informe  yo*r  hon'r  of  some  p'ticular  passages  in 
the  p'nte  state  of  this  Country,  w*'^  is  thus:  a  Nacon  of  Indians 
called  susquehanoes  haveing  killed  some  of  ye  Inhab**  of  this 
Country  were  p*sued  &  severall  of  y"  destroyed  by  the  English, 
and  S'  William  Berkeley  our  hon"'  Govern' r  (who  hath  had 
long:  experience  of  warr  with  ye  Indians)  that  he  might  p'vide 
for  ye  safety  of  this  Country  caused  our  Assembly  (who  are  our 
Representatives)  to  meete  in  March  last,  who  enacted  y'  forts 
should  be  built  att  ye  heads  of  the  severall  Rivers,  being  the 
most  way  for  security  of  our  fronteere  plantacons,  but  as  noe 


*  Secretary  Williamson  in  England. 


bacon's  rebellion.  169 

good  Law  can  be  so  made  to  please  all  men,  especially  ye  rude 
sort  of  people,  One  Mr.  Nathaniell  Bacon  Jun'r  a  p*son  of  little 
experience  &  but  of  two  yeares  continuance  in  this  countrey, 
thinking  himselfe  wiser  then  ye  Law,  hath  stirred  upp  a  great 
number  of  indigent  &  disaffected  p'sons  to  obstruct  ye  p'ceede- 
ings  upon  ye  acts  of  Assembly,  raiseing  forces  by  beate  of  Drum, 
marching  in  a  warr  like  posture,  in  terror  of  his  Ma"*"  good  sub- 
jects, the  intent  of  w*'*'  soe  neere  as  all  sober  men  Judge,  is  ye 
subvercon  of  the  Laws  &  to  Levell  all,  this  Mr.  Bacon  being 
styled  by  the  rabble  theire  Generall  (&  indeede  soe  he  hath 
beene  in  ye  loss  of  more. men  then  ever  was  in  all  fights  with  ye 
Indians)  he  haveing  entred  into  Oaths  to  stand  by  y"  and  not- 
withstanding ye  greate  care  of  our  Governor  &  his  sevMl  p'clama- 
cons,  fuseing  to  r^der  himselfe,  which  causeth  great  feeres  to 
his  Ma"**  loyall  subjects  &  is  of  most  daingerous  consequence  in 
this  time  of  warr  with  ye  Indians  and  this  hopefull  Country  w''*' 
hath  for  many  y"  past  beene  under  a  quiett  Governm't  haveing 
Justice  equally  distributed  to  all  men,  is  now  in  a  languishing 
condicon,  the  Rabble  giveing  out  they  will  have  their  owne  Laws 
demanding  ye  Militia  to  be  settled  in  y""  with  such  like  rebellious 
practices,  Rt.  hon^**  this  Country  hath  had  thirty  fower  y"  ex- 
perience of  ye  valour,  conduct.  Justice,  &  Impartiall  p'ceedinge 
of  our  hon"'  Governor  who  hath  endeavoured  ye  Gen"  good  of  ye 
Country,  by  spending  &  laying  out  his  estate  amongst  us,  yett 
he  &  all  authority  &  Magistracy  are  by  ye  rabble  contemmed. 
The  incloased  Declaracon  of  our  Governor  will  informe  yo'r  honour* 
more  fully  of  our  p'nte  condicon,  as  alsoe  Capt.  Griffin  Mt.  of 
the  Shipp  Griffin  if  yo'r  hon'r  pleaseth  to  order  him,  will  give  an 
ample  ace'.  Thus  beging  yo*r  hon'rs  p*don  for  this  trouble,  de- 
siering  y*  if  in  anything  in  these  p*ts  of  ye  World  I  may  be  ser- 
viceable, you  vjill  lay  yo'r  Commands  on. 

Rt.  Hon'^'' 

Yo'r  most  humble  servant 

[signed]  Wm.  Sherwood. 
James  Citty 

Virg' 

[i]  June,  1676. 


170  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Rt.  Hon**^" 

My  L'tre  of  the  ist  instant,  gieves  a  briefe  ace*  of  the  then 
Condicon  of  this  his  Ma*'^'  Country,  and  for  that  new  matter 
every  day  offereth  I  thinke  itt  my  duty  to  give  your  hon""  a  more 
ample  ace*  of  the  sad  condicon  this  poore  &  languishing  country 
is  now  in,  for  what  by  the  comon  enemy  ye  Indians  on  one 
hand,  &  farr  more  by  ye  rebellions  and  outrages  of  the  comon 
people  this  once  hopeful!  Country,  if  not  timely  assisted  by  the 
Kings  Ma****  especiall  care  of  us,  will  inevitably  be  ruined,  and  y^ 
yo*r  hon*r  may  be  truly  informed  of  our  p'nte  condicon  I  have 
presumed  to  intimate  thus:  That  the  Indians  haveing  comitted 
many  murders,  our  Assembly  in  March  last,  ordered  y*  500  men 
should  imediately  be  raised  &  in  a  readiness  in  forts  att  ye  heads 
of  the  sevall  Rivers,  not  onely  for  security  of  the  fronteere 
plantacons  but  to  Joyne  with  others,  when  necessary,  this  was 
thought  the  p'bable  secure  way,  But  Mr.  Nath"  Bacon  Jun"^  dis- 
suading ye  people  from  theire  subjection  to  ye  Laws,  giveing  out 
he  would  do  strange  matters  &  ease  y°  of  their  levies,  the  rabble 
rise,  exclameing  ag't  the  p'ceedeings  of  the  Assembly  and 
seeme  weary  of  it,  in  y*  itt  was  of  14  y'rs  continuance;  the  Gov- 
ernor p'ceiveing  a  new  Assembly  would  be  grateful!  Issues  forth 
writts  for  new  elections,  and  a  new  assembly  mett  here  ye  5th 
instant,  and  Mr.  Bacon  by  his  ruleing  faction  was  elected  in 
Henrico  County  theire  Burgess,  who  came  in  a  Boate  or  sloope 
with  50  armed  men  &  lyes  before  ye  Towne,  with  intent  that 
when  ye  house  of  Burgesses  satt,  to  force  his  way  amongst  y™ 
Itt  was  judged  he  was  not  a  fit  p'son  to  sitt  as  Burgess,  but  that 
he  should  first  be  brought  to  answere  the  great  charge  ag't  him, 
of  this  he  was  informed  by  some  of  his  faction,  &  endeavVs  to 
escape,  upon  w*'''  several!  boates  with  armed  men  were  sent  to 
force  his  submission  and  a  Command  from  ye  Governor  to  one 
Capt.  Gardner  (whose  ship  rides  att  sandy  point)  not  to  p'mitt 
him  to  pass:  The  small  Boates  p'sue  him  in  y*  shipp,  by  w^^  he  is 
fyred  att  to  come  to  Anchor  and  soe  he  was  taken,  &  with  all  his 
men  brought  to  Towne  ye  7th  instant  &  delivered  to  ye  Goven'r, 
the  whole  intent  was  to  cause  him  to  submitt,  &  not  obstruct  the 
good  intencons,  &  ways  proscribed  for  carry  on  ye  warr  ag't  ye 
Indians,  for  itt  was  not  then  fitt  to  precede  violently,  &   use 


bacon's  rebellion.  171 

seventy  ag't  him;  the  next  day  upon  his  humble  submission  to 
the  Governor  &  faithfull  p'mises  y'  he  would  continue  peaceable 
&  not  head  any  faction  or  disorder,  he  is  p'mitted  to  have 
Liberty,  with  this  p'mise  y^  upon  his  good  behaviour  he  should 
have  a  commission,  within  fower  dayes  after  he  returnes  home; 
The  assembly  p*ceede  in  ordering  ye  peace  of  the  Country  & 
p'secuteing  ye  warr  ag't  the  Indians,  But  now  Mr.  Bacon  studys 
revenge  for  his  late  confinement,  &  resolves  to  have  what  he  will 
himselfe,  privately  possesseth  ye  people  that  many  Injuries 
were  offered  him,  and  y*  the  Assembly  were  bringing  greate 
taxes  upon  y"  and  soe  he  procures  a  greate  number  of  necessi- 
tated &  desp'ate  p'sons,  and  on 

Thirsday  22th  It  was  generally  reported  (&  before  night  con- 
firmed) y*  Mr.  Bacon  was  marching  hither  with  500  men  in 
Armes,  the  Cover*  t  thereupon  orders  y^  fower  great  Guns  should 
be  drawne  from  ye  fort  to  sandy  Bay  (being  a  narrow  passage  & 
the  onely  in  to  this  Island)  which  being  don  by  the  souldiers 
then  on  ye  guard  being  about  30  of  Coll  Holts  company  &  all 
y*  could  possibly  in  soe  short  a  time  be  ready,  Itt  was  purposed 
to  raise  a  Barracadoe,  but  night  coming  prevented  and  such 
scouts  as  was  sent  out  to  observe  Bacons  mocon  &  strength  were 
by  him  secured: 

ffryday  23th  This  morning  the  Govern' r  went  to  the  Sandy 
Bay  in  order  to  mounting  ye  Guns,  and  all  ye  cry  was  Armes, 
Armes,  Bacon  is  within  two  myles  of  the  Towne,  where  he  was 
told  ye  Guns  were  planted  ag't  him,  which  caused  him  &  all  his 
men  to  resolve  if  a  Gun  was  shott  ag't  y"  to  kill  &  distroy  all; 
News  being  brought  he  was  soe  neere,  and  itt  being  considered 
there  was  so  small  a' number  of  souldiers  in  towne,  (&  those  such 
as  inclined  to  his  faction  rather  than  our  safety  the  whole  Country 
being  paysoned  by  his  specious  pretences)  the  Guns  were  throwne 
off  theire  carridges,  the  Governor  &  all  others  returned  to  the 
state  house,  all  men  ordered  to  lay  by  theire  Armes,  (that  being 
then  the  most  politick  way)  Mr.  Bacon  with  att  least  400  foote  ye 
scum  of  the  Country,  &  120  horse  endred  the  sandy  Bay,  there 
leveing  a  p'ty  to  secure  ye  passage,  then  he  marched  into  Towne, 
sends  p'tyes  to  the  ferry,  River  &  fort,  &  draws  his  forces  ag't 
the  state  house,  where  the  Govern' r  councell  &  Burgesses  were 
sitting,  expecting  this  fiery  mans  actions,  and  first  he  sends  one 


172  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

of  his  Cap"  requireinis  ye  Govern' r  to  send  some  of  the  Councell 
to  him,  Coll  Spencer  and  Coll  Cole  were  assigned  to  goe  to  him, 
he  demanded  ist  that  a  comission  should  imediately  be  sent  him 
as  Gen"  of  all  volunteeres  ag't  the  Indians:  2**'^  to  know  how  the 
looo:  men  ordered  by  the  Assembly  to  be  raised  should  be  paid, 
if  by  a  Levy,  they  declared  they  would  not  submitt  to  itt,  all 
crying  out  Noe  Levies:  These  demands  were  communicated  to 
the  Burgesses,  who  sent  this  resolve  y^  what  was  3  times  read  & 
passed  (that  is  ye  raiseing  ye  1000  men  at  ye  severall  Counteys 
charge)  could  not  be  altered  of  w"^*"  Mr.  Bacon  was  informed  with 
this  desier  of  the  Governor  y'  the  p'ceedings  of  the  Assembly 
might  be  redd  att  the  head  of  Mr.  Bacons  Company  for  theire 
sattisfaccon,  and  on  this  assureance  y^  he  should  have  a  comission, 
Mr.  Bacon  declared  he  would  not  be  longer  put  off,  he  would 
not  p'mitt  any  Laws  to  be  read  there,  walking  att  the  head  of  his 
men 'saying  he  would  fane  know  who  dare  oppose  him,  upon  w"'*' 
the  Govern'r  went  to  him  saying  for  prevencon  of  ye  efusion  of 
Christian  Blood  lett  you  &  I  decide  this  controversye  by  our 
swords,  come  alohg  with  me.  Mr.  Bacon  answered  y^  was  not  his 
business,  he  came  for  redress  of  ye  peoples  grieveances;  the 
Govern'r  demanded,  what  they  were,  he  replyed  two  were 
already  delivered,  &  ye  rest  they  would  loudly  proclaime.  In  ye 
meane  time  ye  comission  was  prepared,  &  being  sent  to  him,  he 
read  itt  to  souldiers,  saying  it  was  not  sufficient,  they  must  have 
a  larger.  Then  it  was  left  to  him  to  make  his  exceptions,  which 
he  did  in  these  words:  The  grounds  of  the  comission  are  wholy 
dissatisfactory,  the  people  desier  the  grounds  may  be  as  follow - 
eth.  The  assurance  of  my  loyalty  &  First  intencons,  as  alsoe  ye 
Inclinacon  of  the  people  to  follow  me  who  have  given  them  a 
sufficient  of  my  sincere  desires  to  serve  the  King  and  Country, 
for  ye  people  expect  me  to  be  Gen"  of  the  warr.  This  being 
carried  to  the  Govern'r  he  was  straingely  provoked  att  the  mans 
insolency  &  came  &  told  him  his  hand  should  be  cutt  off  rather 
then  he  would  consent  to  bwne  Mr.  Bacons  loyalty  &  ye  like,  he 
swore  his  useall  oaths  he  would  have  itt,  upon  which  to  prevent 
utter  ruin  these  proposealls  were  sent  to  the  Burgesses  to  con- 
sider, &  present  theire  sence  &  opinion  concerning  y",  who  de- 
bateing  longer  then  he  thought  fitt,  Mr.  Bacon  comes  under  ye 
window  of  ye  house,  calls  to  them  saying  you  Burgesses  I  ex  - 


bacon's  rebellion.  173 

pect  yo'r  speedy  result,  his  souldiers  mounting  theire  Guns 
ready  to  fyer;  Imediately  (for  in  this  minitt  if  not  prevented  all 
might  have  been  in  a  flame)  the  Burgesses  make  it  theire  request 
to  the  Governor  to  Issue  forth  such  a  comission  to  Mr.  Bacon, 
according  to  the  heads  of  his  proposals,  and  the  Councell  Joyne 
with  ye  Burgesses  therein,  soe  a  comission  is  ordered  to  he 
drawne,  Night  comes  on,  Mr.  Bacon  orders  his  men  to  theire 
severall  guards,  p'mitting  none  to  goe  out  of  Towne. 

Satterday  24th  This  morning  the  forced  comission  was 
delivered  to  Mr.  Bacon,  and  some  time  after  Capt.  Gardner  com- 
ing to  Towne,  was  secured  by  the  Souldiers  &  Mr.  Bacon  went 
into  the  house  of  Burgesses  with  his  guard  requireing  ist,  that 
sev'all  p'sons  who  had  beene  active  in  obeying  ye  Governors 
Commands  should  be  made  uncapeable  of  all  offices,  2^^,  that 
being  informed  ye  Governor  had  writt  to  his  Ma'^  desiering  Aid 
for  suppressing  ye  tumults  here  &  declaring  Mr.  Bacon  a  Rebell, 
Itt  should  be  discov'd  whither  itt  was  soe  or  noe,  &  publiquely 
contradicted  by  ye  Govern* r  Councell  &  Burgesses:  3*'^,  that  he 
might  have  imediate  order  ag*t  Gardner  for  'jo^  (for  his  sloope 
he  pretends  lost  when  Gardner  tooke  him,  &  was  not  really 
worth  2P£).  These  demands  were  sent  to  ye  Governor  who 
declared  he  would  rather  suffer  death  then  condiscend  to  them, 
but  considering  ye  Ruin  y'  thretned  us„  the  Governor  was  re- 
quested by  ye  Burgesses  to  grant  whatever  Bacon  demanded, 
which  being  don,  severall  p'sons  were  comitted  prison"  &  now 
the  souldiers  begin  to  threten  to  pull  downe  our  houses,  Mr. 
Bacon  alsoe  requireing  an  Act  of  Indemnity,  as  alsoe  the  Gov- 
ernors Le'res  to  his  Ma'^  Justifieing  his  p*ceedings;  this  day  the 
Governor  sent  Mr.  Henry  Chickley  to  Bacon  requireing  him  to 
p*mitt  ye  Governor  to  goe  home,  in  y'  he  had  beene  in  towne 
neere  3  weeks,  itt  is  possitively  denyed.  Now  taggragg  &  bob- 
layle  carry  a  high  hand,  a  Guard  is  sett  upon  the  Governor  & 
the  rabble  are  appointing  new  Councellers. 

Sunday  25th  This  day  the  house  of  Burgesses  mett  to  prepare 
business  to  Mr.  Bacon's  dispatch  &  by  his  direction  Letters  are 
writt  to  the  Kings  Ma*^  to  certifie,  what  Bacon  would  please  to 
direct  &  require,  &  now  he  gives  out  he  will  punish  some  of  ye 
councell"  many  p!sons  are  forced  to  lye  obscurely:  yet  we  were 
in  hopes  they  would  have  marched  out  of  Towne  in  that  they 


174  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

had  the  comission,  &  not  loose  time,  the  fronteere  p'ts  of  Chicka- 

homony  &  new  Kent  being  left  without  any  forces  whilst  they 

were  Lording  itt  over  us  but  they  delayed,  giveing  out  they  had 

not  yett  don,  they  would  have  ye  oaths  of  ye  Govern'r  Councell 

&  Burgesses  for  observing  what  was  granted,  But  about  Noone 

comes  the  sad  news  y^  the  Indians  had  this  morning  killed  8 

p'sons  att  the  heade  of  Chickahomony  &  in  New  Kent  (from 

whense  most  of  this  rabble  came)  within  40  Myle  of  this  place, 

This  caused  a  suden  Alarum,  the  Govern'r  sent  to  Mr.  Bacon  to 

p'mitt  him  &  the  Burgesses  to  returne  to  their  sev'all  Countyes 

for  defence  ag't  the  Indians  &  p'sue  y"";   this  caused  a  sooner 

ridance  then  otherwise   would   have   beene,   and    on   Monday 

morning  Mr.  Bacon  with  his  men  marched  out  of  Towne,  but 

when  he  intends  out  ag't  the  Indians  is  not  yett  knowne;    yett 

the  Govern'r  hath  Issued  out  comands  for  raiseing  men  &  our 

security  ag't  ye  Indians. 

Thus  haveing  given  your  hon'r  a  true  ace' t  of  the  passages  of 

this  Mr.  Bacon,  humbly  leave  itt  to  yo'r  hon'rs  consideracon  to 

Judge  what  our  p'sent  calamities  are,  these  people  being  soe 

Rebellious  &  the  Govern'r  being  not  able  to  reduce  y*"  God  in 

his  mercy  grant  such  course  may  be  taken  as  may  be  for  the 

hon'r  of  the  Kings  Ma'^  &  safety  of  this  Country,  which  is  the 

hearty  prayers  of 

Rt.  Hon**'* 

Yo"^  Honn"  obedient  servant 

Wm.  Sherwood. 
James  Citty  Virginia 

June  28th,  1676. 

Philip  Ludwell's  Account. 

[It  is  stated  by  William  Lee,  whose  mother  was  a  grand-daughter  of 
Philip  Ludwell,  and  who  married,  in  England,  his  cousin,  and  was 
doubtless  well  acquainted  with  the  family  record  or  tradition,  that  the 
Lud wells  were  of  German  descent  (Meade's  **01d  Churches  and  Fam- 
ilies of  Virginia,"  II,  138);  an  account,  which  might  seem  to  derive 
some  confirmation  from  the  resemblance  of  their  name  to  Lud  wig,  and 
from  the  black  eagles  in  their  arms.  Perhaps  they  were  Protestant 
refugees,  the  first  of  whom  we  are  informed  was  Thomas  Ludwell  of 
Bruton,  county  Somerset,  mercer,  who  married,  before  May  3d,  1632, 


bacon's  rebellion.  175 

Jane,  daughter  of  James  Cottington,  of  Discoe  in  the  parish  of  Bruton, 
Gentleman.  James  Cottington  was  the  son  of  Philip  Cottington,  Gent., 
of  Godminster,  Somerset,  and  was  brother  of  Philip,  Lord  Cottington , 
prominent  as  a  Statesman  and  Diplomatist  temp  Charles  I,  and  Charles 
II  (Wm.  Lee,  in  Meade,  and  English  Chancery  Proceedings,  case  of 
Ludwell  V,  Worsley,  in  William  and  Mary  Quarterly,  Oct.,  1892,  p  49.) 

Thomas  and  Jane  Ludwell  had  two  sons,  who  came  to  Virginia,  and 
were  for  many  years  prominent.  Thomas  and  Philip.  They  were  both 
natives  of  Bruton.  which  was  also  the  birth-place  of  Sir  William  Berkeley, 
and  (according  to  the  most  reliable  accounts)  Jane,  wife  of  Philip  Cotting- 
ton of  Godminster,  and  mother  of  Maurice  (a  favorite  Berkeley  name). 
Philip  (Lord  Cottington)  and  James  (father  of  Mrs.  Ludwell)  was  a 
Berkeley  (Dictionary  of  National  Biography),  both  of  which  might  be 
reasons  for  their  long  and  intimate  friendship  with  Governor  Berkeley. 

Colonel  Philip  Ludwell  came  to  Virginia,  probably,  about  1660,  and 
soon  became  deputy  Secretary,  an  office  he  held  during  life.  He  was 
appointed  to  the  Council,  taking  the  oath  March  4,  167J,  and  in  the 
next  year  was  one  of  the  most  efficient  supporters  of  Governor 
Berkeley.  He  retired  with  the  Governor  to  the  Eastern  Shore,  and 
when  they  were  followed  by  Giles  Bland  with  a  force  of  Bacon's  ad- 
herents, he  dealt  the  insurrection  a  severe  blow,  by  boarding  (with  the 
connivance  and  afterwards  assistance  of  the  captain)  the  vessel  in 
which  Bland  was,  and  captured  him,  and  shortly  afterwards,  all  the 
vessels  of  his  small  squadron.  (Campbell's  History  of  Virginia,  306). 
He  also  sat  on  most  of  the  courts  (martial  and  civil),  which  tried  the 
supporters  of  Bacon.  It  was  afterwards  charged  that  he  and  Beverley, 
by  their  advice  to  Berkeley,  caused  the  **  Civil  War,"  and  it  is  very 
probable  that  from  his  "rash  and  fiery  temper,"  of  which  the  English 
Lords  of  Trade  and  Plantations  spoke  of  later,  that  he  may  have 
given  advice  which  led  to  such  disastrous  results. 

It  would  seem  from  an  examination  of  various  histories  and  records 
of  the  period,  that,  at  the  outbreak  of  Bacon's  Rebellion,  the  controlling 
powers  in  the  colony  were  the  Governor,  with  the  Ludwells  and  Thos. 
Ballard,  in  the  Council;  and  a  majority  of  the  House  of  Burgesses, who 
were  greatly  influenced  by  the  then  clerk,  Major  Robert  Beverley,  who 
was  one  of  the  most  active  members  of  the  ruling  party.  This  party 
resented  the  interference  of  Moryson,  Jeffreys  and  Berry,  the  .commis- 
sioners sent  from  England  to  suppress  the  insurrection,  while  the  latter 
were  supported  by  a  part  of  the  Council,  jealous  of  the  ruling  clique  or 
opposed  to  Berkeley's  bloody  measures  of  repression;  and  by  a  consider- 
able number  (but  apparently  a  minority)  of  the  leading  men  of  the  vari- 
ous counties,  and  by  the  populace.  The  contemporary  records  are  full  of 
instances  of  the  antagonism  between  the  Governor's  party  always  sup- 
ported by  the  House  of  Burgesses,  and  the  commissioners,  a  feeling 
equally  evidenced  on  both  sides.    After  the  recall  of  Berkeley  and  the 


176  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

succession  of  Jeffreys  as  Governor,  this  contest,  with  Philip  Ludwell  and 
Robert  Beverley  as  leaders  of  the  "Green  Spring  faction,"  as  their 
enemies  termed  them,  continued. 

In  1677,  Ludwell  sued  a  former  adherent  of  Bacon,  w^ho  was  given 
protection  by  the  Governor,  Jeffreys.  This  excited  the  "  rash  and  fiery 
temper "  (which  is  spoken  of  in  this  connection),  and  Ludwell  gave 
public  expression  of  opinion  (as  reported)  that  Jeffreys  "was  a  worse 
rebel  than  Bacon,  for  he  had  broke  the  laws  of  the  country  which  Bacon 
never  did;  that  he  was  perjured ;  was  not  worth  a  groat  in  England,  and 
that  if  every  pitiful  little  fellow  with  a  periwig  that  came  in  Governor 
of  this  country  had  the  liberty  to  make  the  laws  as  he  had  done,  his 
children  nor  no  man's  else  could  be  safe  in  the  title  or  estate  left  them." 
(Campbell's  History  of  Virginia,  327-328). 

In  December,  1677,  Jeffreys  writes  that  Col.  Philip  Ludwell  was  under 
restraint  for  opposition  to  him,  and  both  parties  appealed  to  England, 
where,  before  the  Committee  of  Trade  and  Plantations,  Moryson  re- 
turned Ludwell's  hard  language  to  his  former  colleague,  by  styling  him 
(Ludwell)  an  "inconsiderable  fellow,"  and  Beverley  a  "Pirate"  (re- 
ferring to  charges  of  plundering  during  the  rebellion),  and  it  was  also 
charged  that  Ludwell  and  his  brother  (advised  by  the  council)  con- 
cealed for  some  time  the  King's  letter,  of  May  15,  1677,  promising 
mercy  and  indemnity,  under  a  pretence  of  false  information.  The 
Lords  of  Trade  and  Plantations,  on  Feb.  10,  1675,  ordered  Ludwell  and 
Thomas  Ballard  to  be  excluded  from  the  council. 

There  was  no  farther  action,  as,  in  168 r,  he  was  in  England,  and  tes- 
tified as  to  the  desirability  of  still  keeping  troops  in  Virginia,  while,  De- 
cember 12, 1681,  Lord  Culpeper  writes  from  Virginia  that  at  the  request 
of  the  whole  Council,  he  had  appointed  Col  Ludwell  to  the  Council  in 
the  place  of  Col.  Parke,  deceased.  The  feeling  with  which  the  Burgesses 
regarded  the  action  of  the  government  in  excluding  Ludwell  and  Bal- 
lard, is  show  n  by  their  choice  of  the  latter  as  their  speaker  in  June, 
1680,  and  November,  1682  At  the  session  of  October,  1686,  the  Gov- 
ernor, Effingham,  endeavored  to  get  the  House  of  Burgesses  to  au- 
thorize the  laying  of  levies  by  the  Governor  and  Council.  This  was 
at  once  resisted  by  the  representatives  and  a  stormy  session  followed, 
in  which  they,  warmly  suppprted  by  Ludwell,  not  only  utterly  refused 
the  Governor's  request;  but  raised  questions  touching  the  power  of 
his  negative,  and  even,  it  was  charged,  "  rudeley  and  boldly  disputed 
the  King's  authority."  They  were  of  course  dissolved,  incurring  the 
high  displeasure  of  the  King  when  he  was  informed,  and  Ludwell, who, 
Effingham  and  his  adherents  charged  with  being  the  chief  agent,  was 
suspended  from  the  council,  for  fomenting  the  troubles  in  the  House  of 
Burgesses.  On  June  12, 1687,  the  King  confirms  the  Governor's  action, 
and  extended  the  sentence  to  dismissal. 

This  dismissal  no  doubt  only  increased  Ludwell's  popularity,  and 


bacon's  rebellion.  177 

the  office  of  deputy  Surveyor-general  which  he  still  held  (under  his 
brother-in-law.  Col.  Alexander  Culpeper),  enabled  him  to  show  that  he 
was  "of  the  same  opinion  still/'  and  also  to  help  old  friends  in  a  way 
that  seemed  to  have  greatly  annoyed  the  Governor's  party.  Secretary 
Spencer,  writing  to  the  Lords  of  Trade  and  Plantations,  F^b.  26,  168^, 
complains  that  when  Major  Arthur  Allen  (Speaker  of  the  late  House) 
was  turned  out  of  his  surveyor's  place  by  the  Governor,  Ludwell  had 
given  it  to  Major  Samuel  Swann,  **as  troublesome  as  any  of  the  rest," 
and  had  given  the  surveyor's  place,held  by  Beverley  (who  had  also  been 
deprived  of  all  of  his  offices),  to  his  (Beverley's)  son.  An  additional 
aggrivation  seemed  to  be,  that  this  was  '*  one  of  the  best  surveyor's 
places  in  the  country." 

The  Governor's  exactions  and  oppressions  continuing,  the  House  of 
Burgesses,  at  a  session  held  in  the  fall  of  1688,  which  doubtless  passed 
no  laws,  as  it  is  not  noticed  in  Hening  (we  find  in  Henrico,  October  12, 
1688,  an  appropriation  for  paying  their  Burgesses  charges,  for  twenty- 
eight  days  service — seemingly  the  services  here  referred  toi;  but  which 
in  their  name,  the  council  refusing  to  concur,  petitioned  the  King  for 
relief,  and  requested  Col.  Ludwell  to  present  their  petition. 

This  he  did  on  March  28,  1689,  delivering  to  the  Privy  Council  in 
England,  a  petition  from  the  "  Commons  of  Virginia  represented  by  the 
House  of  Burgesses."  The  matter  was  for  some  time  under  considera- 
tion, and  the  petition  was  offered  by  Effingham,  who  described  how 
Ludwell  had  been  several  times  removed  from  the  council,  and  had 
constantly  opposed  his  government ;  but  the  time  was  propitious,  and 
Ludwell  was  successful  in  obtaining  a  favorable  decision  on  most  of  the 
points  embraced.  On  May  7,  1691,  the  House  of  Burgesses  passed  a 
vote  of  thanks  to  him  for  his  **  indefatigable  and  prosperous  endeav- 
ours," and  ordered  /*25o  sterling  to  be  paid  him  as  an  acknowledg- 
ment from  the  country  and  towards  a  reimbursement  of  his  great  and 
necessary  expenses.  (Cal.  Va.  State  Papers).  Before  this,  he  had  been, 
December  5,  1689,  appointed  Governor  of  northern  Carolina,  and  held 
office  there  three  years,  bringing,  apparently,  that  disturbed  colony  to 
comparative  peace.  No  complaint,  says  Hawks,  either  from  proprietors 
or  people,  appears  during  his  four  years'  rule.  In  1693,  he  was  made 
Governor  of  both  North  and  South  Carolina,and  look  immediate  charge 
of  the  former,  but  a  year's  experience  of  its  quarrels  made  him  glad  to 
retire  in  1694  to  Virginia. 

His  public  life  ended  about  this  period,  and  he  returned  to  England, 
where  he  died  (some  time  after  1704)  and  was  buried  at  Bow  Church, 
near  Stratford  (in  Middlesex,. 

A  number  of  his  letters,  several  of  them  giving  accounts  of  Bacon's 
Rebellion,  remain  in  the  English  Public  Record  Office.  The  abstracts 
from  the  Records  in  that  receptacle,  which  were  made  for  the   Slate  of 


178  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Virginia  by  Mr.  Sainsbury,  give  much  information  in  regard  to  each  of 
the  Ludwells. 

Colonel  Philip  Ludwell  married  in  or  before  1667,  (I)  Lucy,  widow  of 
Col.  William  Bernard,  and  before  of  Major  Lewis  Burwell,  and  daughter 
of  Robert  Ijigginson;  and  (II)  Lady  Frances  Berkeley  (nee  Culpeper;, 
widow  of  Governor  Sir  William  Berkeley.  Lord  Culpeper,  writing 
to  Ryland  in  Oct.,  1680, says,  "My  Lady  Berkeley  is  married  to  Mr.  Lud- 
well, and  thinks  no  more  of  our  world."  By  her,  whose  beauty  is  still 
evinced  by  a  portrait  (C.  F.  Lee,  Jr.,  New  England  Historical  and  Ge- 
nealogical Register),  and  high  spirit  and  courage  by  various  contemp- 
orary documents  (Sainsbury's  Abstracts)  he  had  no  issue  ;  but  by  the 
first  marriage,  ist  Colonel  Philip  Ludwell  of  "  Greenspring,"  Auditor 
and  member  of  the  Council;  born  at  "  Carter's  creek,'*  Gloucester  Co., 
Feb.  4,  1672,  died  January  11,  i72f,  who  married,  Nov.  11,  1697,  Hannah, 
daughter  of  Benjamin  Harrison  of  Wakefield  (and  was  grandfather  of 
R.  H.  and  F.  L.  Lee,  the  signers);  and  a  daughter,  Jane,  who  married 
Colonel  Daniel  Parke,  Jr.,  and  was  the  granddaughter  of  Daniel  Parke 
Custis,  first  husband  of  Mrs.  Washington. 

A  pedigree  of  the  Ludwell  family,  by  the  late  C.  F.  Lee.  Jr.,  is  con- 
tained in  New  England  Historical  and  Genealogical  Register,  and  an 
engraving  of  the  arms  is  given.  ] 

Virg*  June  28th,  1676. 
Rt.  Hon'''''* 

I  doubt  not  but  yo'r  Hon*  r  has  heard  of  ye  late  Distressed  con- 
dicon  of  this  poor  Countrey,  both  ffrom  o^  Barbarouse  enemies 
the  Indians,  &  the  great  likelyhood  of  a  fifatall  addition  to  it  by  a 
Rebelliouse  mutine  raised  by  Mr.  Nathaniell  Bacon-  Jun',  w***  is 
now  contrarie  to^e  Law  of  God  or  man,  come  to  that  prodigiouse 
height  that  indeed  I  think  no  Glorie  either  ancient  or  modern 
can  outdoe, blond  [Bland  ?]  only  excepted,!  must  confess  it  was  my 
Duty  to  have  Given  yo*r  Hon'r  an  Earlier  acco't  of  affaiers  heer 
w*'''  I  had  certainly  done  but  observeing  the  unequall  modon  o* 
the  humors,  I  willingly  defered  it  till  I  could  give  yo^r  Hda'r  a 
more  full  acco*t  by  w"**  you  might  ye  Better  Guess  at  the  Disease 
&  then  I  humbly  hope,  &  heartily  pray,  that  God  in  his  mefcy, 
will  Divert  yor'r  Hon*r,  to  Indeavor  a  fitt  Remedy  for  it.  Wiich 
will  oblige  many  thousands  of  poore  soules  to  pray  for  jp'r 
Hon'r  many  of  w"^  now  (being  mislet)  Industriously  Digg  V 
theire  owne  Ruine,  &  must  undoubtedly,  w'^'out  his  most  saci^ 


*  Secretary  Williamson. 


i 


bacon's  rebellion.  179 

Ma****  Graciouse  helping  hand,  languish  and  wither  away  to 
noething,  I  most  humbly  Begg  yo'r  Hon'rs  p'don  for  my  fformer 
neglect  &  for  the  long  trouble  I  am  forced  to  Give  you  in  this 
foil  Relacon,  w"*"  I  humbly  lay  before  you,  &  begg  the  accept- 
ance of  it  w'**  this  Confidence,  that  I  have  not  erred  ffrom  ye 
thruth  in  any  one  circumstance,  as  neer  as  the  Great  Distraction 
wee  are  in,  will  give  me  leave  haveing  not  yett  been  2  dayes  out 
of  Durance,  where  ye  Governo'r  Councell,  &  Burgesses  w*"* 
Divers  others  were  strictly  kept,  by  Mr.  Bacon  &  about  500  of 
ye  scume  of  the  country,  3  Dayes,  in  all  w'''*  tyme  wee  had 
noething  in  o'  prospect  but  the  howerly  thretning  to  throw  all 
in  Confuseion  &  Distruction  untill  he  had  obteined  his  most  un- 
reasonable &  lUegall  Demands,  for  Confirmacon  of  this  sad 
truth  here  are  many  miserable  evidences.  Wee  had  an  Assembly 
&  in  March  last,  whose  only  bussiness  was  to  consult  of  ye  ffittest 
&  best  meanes  to  Destroy  our  enemie  Indians  ye  Result  where 
was,  that  for  ye  Better  secureing  the  Borders,  till  an  Armie 
Could  be  Raised  to  march  out  upon  them,  a  ffort,  w***  a  consider- 
able number  of  well  Armed  men,  should  be  erected  at  ye  head 
of  each  River,  w''^  was  accordingly  w"*  all  expedicon  p'secuted  & 
a  convfiniente  army  forthwith  to  be  Raised;  but  whilest  this  is 
in  Action  Mr.  Bacon,  a  man  of  little  above  one  years  experience 
in  ye  Countrey,  pr'tending  to  be  wiser  than  the  whole  Countrey 
Infuses  into  the  people  ye  unusefullness  of  those  forts  &  the  vast 
Charge  it  must  bring  on  the  people,  w*'^  though  they  were  both 
very  ffalse  arguments  yet  tooke  w"*  ye  comon  people,  w*""  he 
finding,  procecutes  it  &  Gathers  about  him  a  Rabble  of  the 
basest  sort  of  People,  whose  Condicion  was  such,  as  by  a  chaunge 
could  not  admitt  of  worse,  w'*"  these  he  begins  to  stand  at  Defy- 
ance  ag^t  the  Government,  &  by  his  emisaries  (the  poyson  being 
pleasant  &  sympathetique  w^*"  the  humers)  in  an  Instant  Infected 
almost  every  corner  of  the  Countrey,  to  ye  utter  destroying 
those  Good  Rules  before  prescribed  ffor  the  more  certaine  p'for- 
mance,  of  what  he  pretended,  but  failed  to  effect  with  more  ease 
to  ye  Countrey  &  In  shorter  tyme.  The  Govern'r  now  p'ceiving 
the  Disease  to  Grow  Daungerouse  and  by  its  spreading,  the 
Cure  Difficult,  uses  all  possible  meanes  to  reclaime  him  from  his 
mutinouse  wayes,  both  by  his  positive  comands  to  him  to  lay 
Downe  his  unlawfull  Armes  &  by  freque"*'  councells  to  lett  him 


180  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

see  ye  Daunger  of  forceing  those  probable  Designes  out  of  that 
hopefull  channell  where  ye  Representatives  of  the  whole  Countrey 
had  put  them,  but  ye  GovernoVs  comands  and  Advise,  &  ye  Ad* 
vice  of  ye  whole  councell  often  sent  him  being  equally  Despised, 
he  proceeds,  not  only  w***  out  comicon  but  as  I  told  yor  Hon'r 
contrarie  to  positive  order  &  comand;  his  ffirst  exployt  was,  be- 
fore he  Gott  out  of  ye  English  plantacons  he  seized  two  Indians, 
a  man  &  a  Boy,  who  then  did  &  always  had  lived  in  peace  & 
friendship  amongst  the  English,  these  he  bound  to  trees,  &  w^ 
much  Horror  &  cruelty  put  to  Death,  w%ut  examining  their 
crime,  I  should  have  told  yo'r  Hon'r  that  before  his  march  he 
left  noe  way  unattempted  to  Drive  our  neighbor  friend  Indians 
away  from  us,  who  ye  Governo'r  had  alwayes  most  prudently 
Indeavored  to  p^'serve,  being  as  necessarie  for  us  as  Doggs  to 
hunt  wolves,  w*"*  p'tly  by  severe  threts  of  Destroying  them  & 
p*tly  by  telling  them  very  false  story es  of  ye  Governo*rs  Inten- 
tions to  them,  was  at  last  effected,  &  they  p'ceiveing  how  Mr. 
Bacon  slighted  &  contemned  the  Governo'r  could  not  be  Re- 
duced to  their  townes  by  all  the  Art  the  Governo'r  could  use, 
Aleadging  that  If  the  Governo'r  could  not  Rule  Mr.  Bacon  & 
his  crue,  they  could  not  Imagine  how  he  could  protect  them. 

by  this  meanes  we  have  not  now,  that  we  know  of,  hardly  lOo 
ffriend  Indians  on  all  o'  Borders  Round,  &  at  least  1500  enemies 
more  then  wee  needed  to  have  had  w''''  continually  prey  upon  o' 
frontier  plantacons,  &  are  now  our  worst  enemies,  haveing  had  a 
ffrequent  free  Intercourse  amongst  us  these  20  odd  years.  &  well 
knowing  o*"  Plantacons  and  manner  of  Liveing. 

But  to  Retourne  to  Mr.  Bacon;  he  marched  out  w^  about  300 
in  his  comp"^  to  a  Nation  called  ye  Occaneechees  who  lived  on  an 
Island  about  150  miles  southward  from  ye  ifalis  of  James  River, 
on  w*'**  they  had  a  ffort;  ye  susquehana  Indians,  w''**  were  o"^ 
enemies,  haveing  (alter  the  great  mischiefe  Done  us  on  Rappa- 
hannock in  ffeb'^'  last),  seated  themselves  in  two  forts  neer  them, 
where  at  their  first  comeing  they  Indeavor  by  all  means  to 
p'swade  Persicles,  the  occameechee  King  to  Joyne  w***  them  in 
cutting  off  the  English,  both  by  severe  menaces.  &  Great  offers 
of  Reward  all  w*"*"  he  refused  &  presently  sent  in  Runers  to  Give 
notion  to  ye  English,  of  what  was  done.  Mr.  Bacon  being  Come 
w^in  some  small  distance  of  the  Island  w'''*   Persicles  haveing^ 


bacon's  rebellion.  181 

notice  of,  made  Ready  all  his  canoes  &  men  &  wafted  Mr.  Bacon 
&  his  men  into  the  Island,  &  in  friendly  maner  Lead  them  to 
their  ffort,  where  to  their  Abillitie  they  Reffreshed  them  being 
tyred  &  hungry,  after  this  they  ffall  to  consultation;  Mr.  Bacon 
Demands  where  the  Susquehannas  were  they  told  him  they  had 
one  fort  5  miles  off  w***  about  30  or  40  Indians  in  it  &  another  10 
miles  off  w"*  a  very  considerable  number  of  men  besides  woeman 
&  children. 

Mr.  Bacon  told  them  he  would  Goe  &  take  the  neerest  ffort, 
they  Replyed,  your  men  are  weary,  &  want  sleep,  &  not  fitt  for 
service  you  shall  stay  &  Rest  heer,  &  wee  will  Goe  &  take  the 
ffort  for  you  &  bring  you  an  acco'tof  it,  w''''  being  concluded,  ye 
next  day  ye  occaneechees  march  away,  &  assault  ye  ffort,  takes 
it  &  destroys  all  ye  Indians  in  it,  only  ye  prisoners  they  bring 
back  w^^  the  plunder,  &  6  Indians  called  manakins,  who  ye  sus- 
quehannos  had  forced  to  Goe  w*^  them  to  fight,  when  they  Re- 
turned into  their  Island  back  to  their  fort,  they  tell  Mr.  Bacon 
what  they  had  &  present  the  7  prisoners,  &  ask  what  he  would 
have  done  w'^  y"  who  answeared,  kill  them  w''**  they  Imediately 
obey,  w"*  all  ye  Exquisite  tortures  after  their  manner,  then  Mr. 
Bacon  demands  the  plunder,  &  the  6  manakin  Indians,  to  which 
Persicles  Answered  that  since  his  men  had  taken  all  the  paines 
&  Run  a  Great  *  hazard,  he  thought  it  was  but  Reasonable  his 
men  had  the  plunder  for  their  Incouragem'nt  &  for  ye  six  mana- 
kins since  to  his  knowledge  they  had  alwayes  been  frends  to  ye 
English  &  his  p'ticular  frends,  &  very  Instrumental  in  takeing  ye 
fort  he  hoped  they  might  be  excused,  but  Mr.  Bacon  p'sisting  in 
his  Demands  the  King  told  him  for  quietness  sake,  &  that  he 
might  ye  more  shew  his  ffreindship  to  the  English,  he  should 
have  halfe,  but  desired  his  men  might  have  ye  rest,  &  w*'*  all  was 
Inclinable  to  deliver  up  ye  manakins,  w°^  would  not  doe ;  in  this 
tyme  ye  manakins  p'ceiving  they  were  like  to  be  Given  up  to  ye 
mercy  of  ye  English,  ffrom  whome  they  well  saw  what  they  must 
expect  one  of  them  fired  a  gun  &  killed  an  English  man,  on  w'''' 
the  English  Imediately  ffall  on  ye  occameechees,  when  hapned  a 
very  sharp  Incounter  in  w'^^  fell  some  10  of  Mr.  Bacons  men  in 
the  place,  &  6  or  7  dead  since  of  their  wounds,  &  about  40  or  50 


*  Ye  ^usquehanos  being  a  stout  nation,  and  never  forget  an  Injurie. 


182  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


of  the  Indians,  amongst  w"""  was  Persicles.  who  had^  qv  7^  Character 
by  all  that  knew  him  of  a  very  Brave  man  &  ev^Q]^  cr  true  to  ye 
English.  iise, 

Mr.  Bacon  &  his  men  make  a  very  hasty  Ret^Hy  "ait  off  ye  Isle 
leaveing  one  Drum  behind  &  their  dead  unbery^]^  «ed,  &  so  Re- 
tourne  w"*  their  Plunder,  &  some  ffew  woeman  Joyiaod  children 
prisoners  w***  they  dispose  of  at  their  pleasure  w**  \wo'<wt  makeing 
any  adress  to  the  Governo'r  to  give  him  an  ac(?^  ro't  of  their 
p'ceedings.  Att  his  Retourne  ye  Governo'r  sends  ay^egaio  to  him 
to  lay  downe  his  Armes  &  come  in  &  submitt  himselfe^jn:,  w*^  bdng 
often  done  &  as  oft  rejected,  in  such  wise  that  ye  Govti^g^nio'r  was 
forced  to  send  out  declaracons  into  all  p'ts  of  ye  Counties  js,  where- 
in he  declares  him  openly  a  Rebell,  w*'''  were  publishtvyed  in  all 
p*ts,  but  ye  County  wherein  Mr.  Bacon  lives  &  there  ^he  Jus- 
tices being  mttt  in  the  Court  house  &  the  Sheriff  about  I'^o  pub- 
lish it,  haveing  read  p't.  Mr.  Bacon  comes  in  w^^  about  40  ^rmed 
men,  &  comanded  the  sheriff  to  forbear,  thretning  him  tewibly 
If  he  proceeded,  on  w*'^  ye  cort  thought  ffitt,  &  accordingly  de- 
sisted, &  that  day  being  ye  day  for  ye  electon  of  Burgesses,  Mr. 
Bacon  was  by  his  Ruleing  p*ty  chosen  one  of  the  Burgesses  for 
that  County,  On  the  5th  of  June  the  Assembly  were  to  meet, 
when  the  GovernoV  &  councell,  &  many  Burgesses  appeared  at 
Ja:  Cytty;  on  teusday  ye  6th  of  June  Mr.  Bacon  comes  downe  ye 
River  in  a  sloope  w^  about  50  armed  men,  &  in  the  night  lands 
w^*^  20  of  his  men  at  a  place  called  ye  Sandy  Bay  neer  halfe  a 
.  mile  ffrom  James  towne,  &  marches  into  the  towne  about  mid- 
night w***  his  men,  where  he  held  a  private  conference  at  ye  house 
of  one  Mr.  Lawrence  with  him,  &  one  Drumond,  about  three 
bowers,  &  then  departed  to  his  Boates,  where  they  were  dis- 
covered &  an  alarme  Imediately  Given  Into  the  towne,  on  which, 
Care  was  presently  taken  to  fitt  out  Boates  w"*  armed  men  to 
p'sue  him,  who  though  they  could  not  take  him  yett  fforced  him 
up  on  the  shipps  to  whome  notice  was  Given,  where  about  3  in 
ye  afternoone  he  was  taken,  &  that  evening 

brought  to  towne  w"*  his  men,  where  he  went  on  his  parroll  & 
his  men  kept  w*^  a  Guard  three  Dayes,  after  w*'**  Mr.  Baoon  have- 
ing on  his  knee  p'sented  the  Governor,  in  open  cort  w*^  a  ffull  & 
free  submission  &  actknowledgment,  and  Ingaged  his  Estate  & 
Honer  never  to  doe  the  like,  but  to  use  his  best  &  utmost  In- 


bacon's  rebellion.  .  183 

a 

deavors  to  allay  those  Great  comotions,  w''^  now  Grew  high  & 
ffeirce,  he  &  his  men  were  Released,  ye  loth  &  went  out  of 
Towne,  on  w'^'*  day  Mr.  Bacon,  to  obleige  him  ye  more  was 
againe  sworne  of  the  Councell  &  the  Governo'rs  promise  that 
on  his  future  Good  behavior  he  should  have  a  Comicon  to  Raise 
Voluntiers  to  Goe  ag'  the  Indians,  w***  w*"*"  he  seemed  well  sattis- 
fyed,  but  this  lasted  not  long,  ffor  instead  of  p' forming  his  ob- 
ligacon,  on  ye  Contrarie  Indeavors  by  all  means  under  hand  to 
raise  men  &  heighten  ye  old  Comotions,  of  w*"*  wee  had  flying 
reports  brought  us  but  such  as  wee  Could  Give  little  Creditt  to, 
Especially  not  Imagining  it  could  be  in  the  nature  of  man  to 
violate  such  promises  as  this  man  made  openly,  &  Give  in  wright- 
ing  &  as  openly  Broake. 

The  Assembly  took  little  notice  of  him,  being  desirouse  to . 
ffinish  their  Buisiness,  that  they  might  be  at  their  homes  to  secure 
their  families  &  Estates  from  ye  murder  &  Rapine  of  ye  who 
press  hard  upon  us,  untill  Mr.  Bacon  had  Gotten  at  severall 
places  about  500  men,  whose  fortunes  &  Inclinations  being 
equally  desperate,  were  ffitt  for  ye  purpose  there  being  not  20 
in  ye  whole  Route,  but  what  were  Idle  &  will  not  worke,  or  such 
whose  Debaucherie  or  111  Husbandry  has  brought  in  Debt  beyond 
hopes  or  thought  of  payment  these  are  the  men  that  are  sett  up 
ffor  the  Good  of  ye  Countrey;  who  for  ye  ease  of  the  poore  will 
have  noe  taxes  paied,  though  for  ye  most  p'  of  them,  they  pay 
none  themselves,  would  have  all  magislracie  &  Government  taken 
away  &  sett  up  one  themselves,  &  to  make  their  Good  In- 
tentions more  manifest  stick  not  to  talk  openly  of  shareing  mens 
Estates  among  them  selves,  with  these  (being  Drawne  together) 
Mr.  Bacon  marches  speedly  toward  the  towne,  ye  Governor 
baveing  sent  severall  to  him  to  know  his  Intencons.  some  were 
deteined, others  could  bring  us  noe  other  news  but  that  they  In- 
tended ag't  the  Indians. 

On  ye  23th  June  he  came  into  the  towne,  there  being  no  fforce 
to  resist  him,  or  could  be  Gotten  in  soe  short  a  tyme,  and  pre- 
sently drawes  up  his  men  before  the  state  house  door  where  the 
Governor,  Councell  &  Burgesses  were  sitting;  after  he  had  sent 
his  Guards  out  to  secure  all  p'ts  of  the  Island  the  Governor  sent 
out  2  of  ye  councell  to  Demand  what  they  came  ffor,  Mr.  Bacon 
Replyes  they  were  come  for  a  comicon ;  ye  councello"  told  him 


184  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

they  would  Informe  ye  Governor  &  send  him  ye  Result,  he  sayed 
he  expected  it,  after  a  short  debate  beings  found  in  Vaine  to  Re- 
fuse, order  was  Given  for  ye  Drawing  a  comicon  to  be  comand' 
in  chief  of  all  ye  voluntier  souldiers  to  Goe  ag't  the  Indians,  m""^ 
was  all  he  fTorm^ly  p*  tended  to,  but  ye  comicon  being  drawne  & 
sent  him  for  his  p'  usall,  he  liked  it  not,  but  drawes  up  the  heads 
of  what  he  would  have,  w*^  was  to  be  Gen"*"  of  all  the  fforces  in 
Virg'  ag't  ye  Indians  w^*^  such  large  expressions  in  it,  as  I  think 
have  been  seldome  Granted  by  any,  that  were  theire  owne  men, 
This  being  sent  to  the  Governor  he  went  out  to  Mr.  Bacon  & 
told  him  he  would  Rather  have  both  his  hands  cutt  off  then 
Graunt  such  a  comicon  as  he  would  have,  &  in  ye  midest  of  his 
comp'  chalenged  him  to  come  out  &  w^  his  sword,  at  ye  head  of 
them,  to  decide  ye  controversie,  but  Mr.  Bacon  Refused  telling 
him  that  was  not  his  Buissiness,  but  his  comicon  he  would  have, 
&  w^^  all  comands  his  men  to  their  armes,  and  Runs  to  ye  State 
house  doore,  &  lookeing  up  to  the  window  where  ye  Burgesses 
were,  demaunded  of  them  (w"*  above  lOO  Gunns  Ready  cockt  & 
presented  at  them)  If  he  should  have  ye  comicon,  telling  them 
w"*  all  If  they  Refused,  that  he  would  Imediately  pull  downe  ye 
house,  &  have  all  our  Bloud,  all  w""*  being  bound  w"*  such  Dread - 
full,  new  coyned  oaths  of  w''*'  (as  If  he  thought  God  was  delighted 
w^  his  Ingenuite  in  that  kind)  he  was  very  liberall. 

the  house  desire  a  little  Respitt,  &  told  him  he  presently  have 
their  answear,  you  may  Imagine  S^  yeconsultacon  was  not  long, 
but  ye  house  send  a  supplycation  to  ye  Governor  to  Grannt  ye 
comicon  in  Mr.  Bacons  forme,  w"**  was  done,  yo'r  Hon'r  may- 
Guess  how  willingly,  but  wee  were  willing  to  be  ridd  of  him 
supposeingthis  had  been  all,  but  other  propositions  and  demands, 
very  hard  ones,  (followed,  w*^  ffor  expedicon,  as  long  as  they 
concerned  not  life  or  limb  were  Granted  as  fast  as  they  came, 
haveing  upon  us  not  only  ye  expectacon  of  haveing  all  our 
throates  presently  Cutt,  butt  the  ffears  of  ye  Indians  on  our 
Borders,  &  our  serv**  at  home,  who  (If  God  prevent  not  their 
takeing  hold  of  this  Great  advantage),  must  carry  all,  beyond 
Remedy  to  destracon. 

the  laws  of  this  assembly  being  hastyly  finished,  were  put  out 
to  be  read  to  the  people,  supposeing  they  might  have  made  some 
Converts,  but  they  Rise  up  like  a  swarme  of  Bees  &  swear  they 


bacon's  rebellion.  185 

will  hear  noe  lawes,  nor  have  any  but  what  they  pleased,  w""",  have- 
ing  Reason  by  their  behaviour  to  take  for  Granted,  ye  lawes 
were  withdrawne;  this  continued  until  Sunday  the  25th,  when 
about  10  or  1 1  a  clock  came  newes  that  the  Indians  had  been 
ffoule  &  murthered  eight  of  our  people  more  at  two  severall 
places  on  York  River,  one  w'^'in  23  miles  of  us,  neer  40  miles 
w*^in  our  ffronteir  plantacons. 

this  Begins  to  startle  some  of  his  men  that  lived  neer  those 
parts,  w**"  Mr.  Bacon  p'ceiving  was  forced  to  cutt  shorter  then 
he  Intended. 

the  Governor  on  this  newes,  sends  to  the  speaker  &  desires 
him  to  call  the  house  together,  that  some  speedy  cource  may  be 
taken  to  prevent  these  mischiefes,  &  in  ye  meane  tyme  desires 
S'  Henry  Chicheley  to  Goe  to  Mf.  Bacon  &  demand  what  he 
Intended,  &  that  either  he  himselfe  should  march  away  to  secure 
ye  people  from  ye  Indians,  or  suffer  us  to  Goe  to  our  Respective 
countyes  that  a  fforce  might  Immediately  be  raised  to  march  out 
&  suppress  those  Barbarous  villaines,  who  tooke  ye  advantage 
of  those  parts  being  weakned  by  his  drawing  ye  men  away. 

but  he  sent  ye  Governor  word  he  had  yett  other  demands  to 
make,  w"""  being  Granted,  he  would  Goe,  those  demands  being 
sent  in  were  presently  Graunted,  as  before. 

Sunday  in  the  afternoone  the  Lawes  were  Redd  in  ye  court- 
house before  ye  Governor  councell  &  Burgesses  after  ye  usuall 
manner,  &  the  assembly  disolved,  &  in  the  eveng  Mr.  Bacon 
thought  ffitt  to  suffer  severall  people  to  Goe  out  of  towne  the 
Governor  for  one,  who  had  sent  three  tymes  before,  to  desire 
leave  only  to  Goe  home  and  see  how  his  ffamilie  did,  but  was 
still  denied  till  now. 

The  next  morning,  he  marched  out  of  the  towne  by  w"'  all 
were  released  ffrom  their  durance,  he  is  now  marched  up  toward 
where  ye  last  mischief  was  done,  I  suppose  only  to  sattisfy  his 
men  who  would  else  (many  of  them  have  left  him)  for  w**out 
question,  If  his  men  could  have  been  kept  together,  he  would 
not  have  Gone  from  ye  towne,  till  he  had  made  some  demaund 
that  could  not  have  been  Graunted  to  Give  a  speciouse  pretence 
to  his  desperate  designes  I  doubt  it  will  not  be  long  ere  wee  hear 
of  him  again. 

I  most  humbly  beg  yo*r  Honors  p'don  ffor  this  tediouse  des- 


186  VIRGINIA  HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

cource,  I  have  drawn  it  as  short  as  possible  I  could,  there  are 

many  circumstances  more  w*"^  should  I  have  sett  downe,  I  doubt 

I  should  have  tired  your  patience,  I  have  noe  more  to  add  but 

to  become  an  humble  supplicant  to  yo'  r  Honor,  as  I  doubt  not 

but  o'r  Agents  will,  that  yo'r  honor  will  be  pleased  to  be  a  me- 

diatour  w^^  his  most  sacred  Ma^""  ffor  this  poore  languishing 

country,  which  now  lyes  Gasping  under  .the  violent  pressures  •f 

unreasonable  men ;  w"*"  will  not  only  oblige  all  the  Good  people 

of  this  Country,  but  hereafter,  even  the  madd  actors  themselves 

ffor  ever  to  pray  ffor  yo'r  Honors  health  &  prosperitie  in  this 

world,  &  that  you  may  have  a  crowne  of  Glory  in  the  next  as  a 

Just  reward  of  yo'r  Virtues. 

Yo'r  Honors  most  obedient  &  most  humble 

Serv't 

Phill:  Ludwell. 


Prize  Money  of  the  Squadron  under  John  Paul  Jones,  Esq. — Notice 
i  s  hereby  given  to  those  officers  and  men  of  the  frigates  Alliance  and 
Bon  Homme  Richard,  who  are  eoXitled  to  a  share  in  the  prizes  taken 
by  the  squadron  under  the  command  of  John  Paul-  Jones,  Esq. ;  that  a 
division  has  been  made  of  the  proceeds  of  such  prizes  as  were  sold  in 
France,  and  that  the  shares  will  be  paid  to  the  respective  claimants,  or 
their  legal  representatives,  on  their  producing  at  this  office,  sufficient 
proof  that  they  are  the  persons,  or  are  empowered  by  the  persons 
actually  entitled  to  the  shares  they  respectfully  claim. 

Benjamin  Waller,  Commissioner. 
Office  of  Accounts,  Marine  Department,  New  York,  Nov.  1787. 
—  The  Virginia  Independent  Chronic le^  Dec.  5,  1787. 


Price  Current  from  a  Richmond  Newspaper  of  September  20  ^  1786— 
"  Tobacco,  good  weight,  23s.  to  24s.  per  100 ;  do.  light  ditto,  20s.  to 
2 IS.  6d.  Flour,  Augusta,  32s. ;  ditto,  Baltimore,  36s.  to  38s. ;  ditto  coun- 
try produce,  34s.  to  36s.  Deer  skins,  is.  6d.  to  is.  8d.  per  lb.  Ginseng, 
IS.  8d.  to  2S.  per  lb.  Sarsaparilla,  none  at  market.  Beef,  4I.  to  4I.  5S- 
per  barrel.  Pork,  4I.  ditto.  Corn,  28s.  ditto.  Oats,  2s.  6d.  per  bushel. 
(6  shillings  to  the  dollar  Virginia  currency,  so  the  tobacco  would  be 
$3.66^  to  |4  per  100).  Flour,  Augusta,  $5.33 >^ ;  do.  Baltimore,  $6  to 
$6.33 >^ ;  do.  country  produce,  $5,662^  to  |6.  Deer  skins,  25  cts.  to 
33/i  cts.  per  lb.  Ginseng,  28  cts.  to  33^^  cts.  per  lb.  Beef,  |i3..33>3  ^o 
$14.14  per  barrel.  Pork,  $1333^  P®*"  barrel.  Corn,  $4.66  per  barrel. 
Oats,  43^^  cts.  per  bushel. 


ABSTRACTS  OF  VIRGINIA  LAND   PATENTS.  187 

Abstracts  of  Virginia  Land  Patents. 

Prepared  by  W.  G.  Stanard. 

(continued.) 

(23)  Richard  Tree,  [i]  of  James  City,  Carpenter;  "who  came  to 
this  country  with  Master  Abraham  Persey,  [2]  Cape  Merchant,  as  a  fore- 
man " ;  50  acres  in  James  City  Island,  adjoining  the  land  of  Edward 
Grindall.    Granted  1624. 

.)  NOTESk 

[i]  Richard  Tree  was  member  of  the  House  of  Burgesses  for  Hog 
Island,  i6i7  and  1629.  In  October,  1629,  "  Goodman  Tree  *'  agreed  to 
furnish  one  man  for  the  party  who  were  to  plant  corn  at  Kiskiack 
(Hening  I,  140).  He  had  a  son,  John,  who  was  born  1612,  and  was 
alive*^624-*5. 

[2]  Abraham  Persey,  Merchant;  came  to  Virginia  in  the  ship  Susan, 
in  1616,  and  was  for  a  number  of  years  (as  early  as  1619)  Cape-Mer- 
chant or  Treasurer  of  the  Colony.  He  was  also  member  of  the  Coun- 
cil, and  in  1624  was  one  of  the  five  commissioners  appointed  by  the 
King  to  examine  into  the  condition  of  affairs  in  Virginia.  His  com- 
mercial transactions  appear  to  have  been  so  extensive  and  successful  that 
after  his  death  (October,  1628),  his  brother  John  Persey,  or  Peissly,  who 
claimed  a  debt  of  £a^,  informed  the  English  Privy  Council,  in  1633, 
that  his  estate  ''should  rise  to  the  sum  of  ;f5ooo,"  while  January  18, 
1 638-^9,  Governor  Harvey  and  the  Virginia  Council  say  that  eleven 
years  before  Abraham  Persey  "  left  the  best  estate  that  was  ever  yet 
known  in  Virginia,  to  his  daughter,  HilPs  wife."  While  Captain  Sam- 
uel Matthews,  who  married  Persey's  widow,  was  in  England  in  i638-*9, 
his  estate  in  Virginia  was  seized  by  orders  of  the  Virginia  authorities, 
under  pretence  that  he  was  largely  indebted  to  Persey's  children  ;  but 
Matthews  (who  had,  March  15,  i633-*4.  presented  an  account  of  the 
estate  which  came  into  his  hands  in  1629,  stated  that  the  most  part  of  it 
was  in  tobacco,  which  at  that  time  yielded  not  2d  clear  of  charges,  the 
plantation  Persey  had  lived  on  and  a  house  and  store  at  James  City,  were 
"of  the  greatest  value,"  but  because  of  the  high  price  none  would  pur- 
chase), appealed  to  the  Privy  Council  and  after  an  investigation,  he 
obtained  judgment  in  his  favor,  the  Council  directing  all  of  his  estate 
of  every  kind  to  be  returned  to  him,  and  full  satisfaction  made  for  his 
losses;  and  at  the  same  time  rejecting  a  petition  of  Hill  against  Mat- 
thews. It  is  evident  that  it  was  clear  that  Matthews  had  been  virtually 
robbed.  As  Harvey  married  the  widow  of  Richard  Stephens  and  daugh- 
ter of  Persey,  the  whole  proceeding  was  doubtless  (though  his  claim 
does  not  appear)  on  his  part  a  job,  and  another  evidence  of  his  infinite 


188  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

capacity  for  rascality.  Among  other  lands  Abraham  Persey  owned 
Flowerdieu  Hundred  (i^oooacres),  and  Weyanoke  (2,200  acres), which  he 
purchased  from  Sir  George  Yeardley  (Hening  I.  145;.  In  his  will, 
dated  March,  1626,  "  Abraham  Piersey  of  Piersey*s  Hundred,  Esquire," 
directs  that  all  his  estate  in  Virginia  (after  legacies  to  his  brother 
John  Piersey,  in  England,  ;f2o  sterling,  sister  Judith  Smithson,  £20 
sterling,  and  his  wife's  son,  Nathaniel  West,  ;£'2o  sterling),  shall  be  sold, 
and  gives  his  wife  one- third  and  one-twelfth,  and  his  daughters  Mary 
and  Elizabeth  ''the  other  one*  third  part,  one-sixth  part  and  one-twelfth 
part.*'  He  names  as  overseers  of  his  estate  in  Virginia  and  assistants 
to  his  wife,  his  well  beloved  friends  Mr.  Grevil  Pooly,  Minister,  and 
Mr.  Richard  Kingsmill,  of  James  City  Island,  Gentleman ;  and,  for 
business  in  England,  his  well  beloved  friend  Mr.  Delionel  Russell,  of 
London,  Merchant.  A  copy  of  the  will  (which  has  been  printed  in 
Neill's  Virginia  Carolorum),  sent  to  England  in  1634,  was  attested  by 
"Ben.  Harryson,  CI.  Con."  [Clerk  of  the  Council];  Persey  was  a 
widower  when  he  came  to  Virginia,  and  married  in  1625,  Frances, 
widow  of  Nathaniel  West,  of  West  and  Shirley  Hundred,  a  brother  of 
Lord  Delaware.  In  1629  she  married  (III;  Captain  Samuel  Matthews 
(also  a  widower),  afterwards  Governor  of  Virginia. 

Persey's  issue  by  his  first  marriage  was:  I  Elizabeth,  born  1610; 
came  to  Virginia  in  the  Southampton,  1623,  and  married,  as  is  stated  in 
a  later  patent,  [i]  Captain  Richard  Stephens,  member  of  the  Council ; 
[2]  Sir  John  Harvey,  Governor;  II  Mary,  born  1614;  came  to  Virginia 
with  her  sister;  married  before  1638,  Thomas  Hill.  At  the  date 
named  she  and  her  husband  were  living  in  Virginia,  and  had  two  chil- 
dren. 

Sainsbury's  Abstracts  contain  several  petitions,  letters,  orders,  &c., 
relating  to  Persey's  estate,  and  the  seizure  of  that  of  Matthews. 


(24)  Maurice  Thompson,  [i]  of  Elizabeth  City,  gentleman ;  who 
has  remained  in  the  colony  four  years,  150  acres  midway  between 
"Newport's  Newse,"  [2]  and  Blunt  Point.  Head  rights:  George 
Tompson  and  John  Bembridge.     1624. 

NOTES. 

[i]  The  first  of  Maurice  Thompson's  family  recorded  in  the  visita- 
tion of  Hertfordshire,  1634,  was  Robert  Thompson  "  that  come  out  of 
ye  North,"  married  and  had  Maurice,  of  Cheshunt,  Hertfordshire,  who 
married  Katherine  Harvay,  and  had  Ralph  Thompson,  of  Walton, 
Hertfordshire,  living  in  1634,  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  John  Hars- 
nett,  and  had  issue  I  Maurice  (the  patentee);  II  George  (who  for  a  time 
lived  in  Va.);  Ill  William  (lived  in  Va.);    IV  Paul  (lived  in  Va.);  V 


ABSTRACTS  OF  VIRGINIA   LAND   PATENTS.  189 

Robert ;  VI  Elizabeth,  married — Stokes,  rector  of  Walton.  There  was 
also  a  sister,  or  half-sister  of  these,  Mary,  wife  of  Captain  William 
Tucker,  of  Virginia. 

Maurice  Thompson  came  to  Virginia  in  1620,  and  after  remaining 
several  years  returned  to  England,  and  settled  in  London,  where,  as 
early  as  1639,  he  was  a  merchant.  He  was  a  man  of  great  enterprise 
in  business  affairs,  and  also  took  part  in  public  life. 

He  began  a  fishery  at  Cape  Ann  (Winthrop);  in  i64i,with  a  company, 
he  was  erecting  sugar  works  in  Barbadoes.  And  a  little  later  was  en- 
deavoring to  establish  a  trade  in^  bullocks  from  Virginia  to  those  islands. 
He  took  the  side  of  the  Parliament  during  the  Rebellion,  and  in  Decem- 
ber, 1649,  was  examined  by  a  committee  of  Admiralty  as  to  what  the 
interests  of  the  Commonwealth  required  in  Virginia.  His  eldest  son, 
Sir  Jno.  Thompson,  long  a  prominent  member  of  the  House  of  Com- 
mons, was  created  May  4,  1696,  Baron  Haversham. 

In  the  English  Public  Record  Office,  is  an  information,  dated  June 
24, 1666,  in  which  it  is  stated  that  a  Dutchman  had  been  heard  to  say 
that  the  intelligence  by  which  their  cruisers  had  been  so  successful,  had 
been  derived  from  Maurice  Thompson,  and  his  "  brother  Major."  He, 
it  continues,  had  always  been  violent  against  Kingly  government ;  was 
intimate  with  Cromwell ;  sat  on  some  of  the  high  Courts  of  Justice, and 
sentenced  some  of  the  beheaded  lords.  That  he  was  a  poor  man  in 
Virginia ;  but  had  gotten  a  great  estate,  chiefly  from  the  King's  party. 
The  persons  to  whom  this  report  was  referred  appear  to  ignore  the 
spy's  charge ;  but  find  that  at  the  beginning  of  the  war,  Maurice  Thomp- 
son, Hugh  Peters  and  Nicholas  Corsellis,  a  dutchman,  went  to  Holland 
to  collect  money  for  the  distressed  Piotestants  in  Ireland.  There  is 
also  a  statement  that  his  brother,  Major  Robert  Thompson,was  so  great 
with  Cromwell,  that  he  had  nearly  married  his  daughter ;  he  began 
with  nothing,  but  rose  high  enough  to  purchase  ;^2,2oo  in  Bishops' 
lands,  and  lost  it  at  the  Restoration,  so  he  brags  he  hates  not  the  per- 
sons, but  the  office  of  Bishops ;  he  was  six  years  a  navy  commissioner 
for  the  Protector,  and  is  bold,  full  of  malice  and  enbittered  against 
government. 

Major  Robert  Thompson  owned  considerable  estates,  both  in  New 
and  Old  England, and  from  the  notes  appended  to  his  will  printed  in  Mr. 
Water's  invaluable  "  Gleanings,"  in  the  New  England  Historical  and 
Genealogical  Register,  much  of  the  information  here  given  in  regard  to 
the  brothers  has  been  obtained.  Of  Colonel  George  Thompson,  who  was 
also  in  Virginia,  the  report  of  1666,  quoted  above,  says  that  he  lost  a 
leg  fighting  against  the  King,  but  got  a  great  estate.  When  the  army 
had  fallen  into  a  posture  of  a  brand-iron, with  the  Rump  in  the  middle, 
threatening  a  battle  royal,  this  Colonel  George  Thompson,  with  some 
thousands  in  St.  Georges-in-the-Fields,  Southwark,  and  with  Bibles  in 


190  VIRGINIA  HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

their  hands,  and  good  swords  also,  they  declared  for  King  Jesus, which 
signified  what  they  pleased,  except  King  Charles. 

George  Thompson  was  born  1603,  came  to  Virginia  1623;  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  House  of  Burgesses  for  Elizabeth  City  county,  Virginia,  1629, 
and  in  the  same  year  was  a  lieutenant  in  a  force  sent  against  the 
Indians.  Was  appointed  a  commissioner  (Justice)  for  Elizabeth  City> 
March  20,  i628-'9. 

Paul  Thompson,  born  1611,  and  William  Thompson,  bom  1614,  also 
came  to  Virginia.  The  latter,  certainly,  returned  to  England,  was 
knighted,  and  was  a  Governor  of  the  East  India  Company  in  the  reign 
of  Charles  II. 

In  1624,  Captain  Wm.  Tucker  had  a  patent,  and  among  the  *'head 
rights"  were  his  "wives  bretheren,**  George,  Paul  and  William 
Thompson,  who  all  came  in  the  George^  1623,  also  appear  as  a  part  of 

his  "  muster  "  in  the  census  of  i624-'5,  (Hotten).  In  1636,  W.  Tucker, 
Maurice  Thompson,  George  Thompson,  and  others,  had  a  joint  grant 
of  land. 

[2]  It  is  uncertain  whether  this  place  was  so  called  in  memory  of 
some  particular  occasion  when  news  was  received  from  Captain  Chris- 
topher Newport,  or  whether  it  was  merely  in  accordance  with  the  fash- 
ion of  alliterative  names  then  in  vogue,  of  which  Jordon's  Journey, 
Chaplin's  Choice,  and  Pace's  Paines  are  examples. 

As  in  the  case  of  Westover,  Shirley,  and  other  early  names  of  locali- 
ties or  settlements,  Newports  News  became  later  the  name  of  a  planta- 
tion. In  177 1,  in  an  advertisement  in  the  Virginia  Gazette,  William 
Digges  warns  persons  against  hunting  or  shooting  on  his  "'  plantation 
of  Newports  News,"  lying  in  the  counties  of  Warwick  and  Elizabeth 
City.  It  has  now,  as  all  know,  become  the  site  of  a  flourishing  town 
and  port. 

(25)  John  Salford,  [i]of  "  Kiccoughtan  in  the  Corporation  of  Eliza- 
beth City,'*  as  his  first  dividend,  to  be  doubled  by  the  Company  when  he 
shall  sufficiently  plant  and  people  the  same ;  100  acres  between  Blunt 
Point  and  Newport  News,  adjoining  the  lands  of  Morris  Thompson  and 
Pharoah  Flinton,  due  him  as  here  unto  his  sister  Sarah  Salford,  de- 
ceased, an  ancient  planter.  Granted  by  Sir  Francis  Wyatt,  Kt.,  Gov- 
ernor; December  ist,  1624. 

NOTE. 

[i]  In  i624-'5  the  *' Muster  of  the  Robert  Salford*'  (as  given  in  the 
list  printed  in  Hotten *s  ''Emigrants  &c.")  included  himself,  aged  56, 
who  came  in  the  John  and  Francis^  161 1 ;  John  Salford,  aged  24,  who 
came  in  the  George^  1616 ;  Mary  Salford,  aged  24,  who  came  in  the 
Bona  Navay  1620,  and  two  servants.    See  patent  No.  33,  post 


ABSTRACTS  OF   VIRGINIA   LAND   PATENTS.  191 

(26)  Pharoah  Flinton,  [i]  of  Kiccoughtan,  in  the  Corporation  of 
Elizabeth  City,  Gentleman,  an  ancient  planter,  as  his  first  dividend,  150 
acres  between  Newport  and  Blunt  Point,  adjoining  the  lands  of  John 
Salford  and  Lieutenant  Giles  AUington,  100  acies  thereof  in  his  own 
right,  and  50  for  the  transportation  out  of  England  of  Hugh  Hall,  who 
came  in  the  Matgarett  and  John^  1623.  Granted  by  Wyatt  December 
ist,  1624. 

NOTE. 

[i]  Pharoah  (or  "Farrar,"  as  the  name  is  given  in  Hotten),  Flinton, 
was  born  in  1589,  and  came  to  Virginia  in  the  Elizabeth  in  1612.  In 
i624-'5,  Jane  Flinton,  aged  38,  who  came  in  the  Elizabeth,  1612,  was 
included  in  his  "  Muster." 


(27)  Lieutenant  Giles  Allington,  [i]  of  Kiccoughtan,  in  the 
Corporation  of  Elizabeth  City,  Gentleman;  an  ancient  planter,  100 
acres,  as  his  first  dividend,  situated  between  Newport  News  and  Blunt 
Point.    Granted  by  Wyatt,  December  ist,  1624. 

[i]  He  was  a  member  of  the  Virginia  Company  in  1620,  and  proba- 
bly was  of  the  family  of  Allington,  of  Horseheath,  Cambridgeshire 
(Barons  Allington  ),  among  whom  the  name  Giles  was  a  favorite  for 
many  generations. 


(28)  William  Bentley,  [i]  of  Kiccoughtan,  in  the  Corporation  of 
Elizabeth  City  "a  new  planter  who  came  oyer  into  this  country  at  his 
owne  charges  in  \ki^  Jacobs  this  present  year,  1624;  '*  for  his  first  dividend 
50  acres  between  Newport  Naws  and  Blunt  Point.  Granted  by  Wyatt, 
December  ist,  1624. 

NOTE. 

[i]  William  Bentley  was  born  in  1589,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
House  of  Burgesses  from  Nutmeg  Quarter,  October,  1629. 

In  June,  1698,  John  Bentley  and  his  wife  Margaret  were  plaintiffs  in  a 
suit  in  York  county. 


*  (27)  Thomas  Godbve,  [i]  of  Kiccoughtan,  in  the  Corporation  of 
Elizabeth  City,  yeoman;  an  ancient  planter;  as  his  first  dividend,  100 
acres  between  Newport  News  and  Blunt  Point.  Granted  by  Wyatt, 
December  ist,  1624 

note.    . 

[i]  Thomas  Godbye  was  born  in  1587,  and  came  to  Virginia  in  the 
Deliverance^  1608.  Joane  Godbye.  aged  42,  who  came  in  the  Flying 
Hart,  1621,  was  included  in  his  "  Muster,"  i624-'5. 


192  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

(30)  John  Tavlor,  of  Newport's  News,  yeoman ;  an  ancient  planter, 
as  one-half  of  his  first  dividend ;  50  acres  in  the  parish  of  Kiccoughtan, 
in  the  Corporation  of  Elizabeth  City,  adjoining  the  land  of  John 
Powell.    Granted  by  Wyatt,  September  10,  1624. 

"  This  patent  resigned  in  court  the  twenty-eighth  of  November,  1633, 
and  his  whole  dividend  for  his  owne  p'son,  being  an  old  planter,  of  one 
hundred  acres  was  granted  unto  him  to  take  up  where  he  shall  jud^e . 
convenient,  and  fifty  more  is  granted  for  his  wife  Rebecca  Rabenning/ 
who  came  in  the  Bonny  besse,  about  1623,  and  as  he  hath  paid  her  ow^ne 
passage,  which  he  is  to  make  proof  of. 

Teste  mee 

Willi  Clayborne,"  [Secretary.] 


(31)  John  Powell,  [i]  of  Newports  News,  yeoman,  an  ancient 
planter;  as  his  first  dividend,  150  acres  in  the  corporation  of  Elizabeth 
City,  100  acres  thereof  in  his  own  right,  and  50  for  his  servant,  Thomas 
Deaxter,  whom  he  bought  of  Captain  Robert  Sheppard,  [2]  he, 
(Deaxter,)  came  in  the  Mary  Providence,  1623.  Granted  by  Wyatt,  Sep 
tember  20,  1624. 

NOTE. 

[i]  John  Powell  was  born  1696,  and  came  to  Virginia  in  the  ^zca/foir^, 
i^.  In  1 624-^5  his  ''muster"  included  Katherine  Powell,  born  1603, 
came  to  Virginia  in  the  Flying  Hart^  1622,  and  John  Powell,  born  in 
Virginia.  He  was  a  member  of  the  House  of  Burgesses  in  September, 
1632,  for  the  district  *•  from  Water's  Creeke  to  Maries  Mount."  John 
Powell  (possibly  there  were  two)  was  a  member  of  the  House  of  Bur- 
gesses, from  Elizabeth  City,  1657-58,  1659-60,  1663,  and  1666-1676. 

John  Powell,  the  patentee,  had  other  sons.  In  1651,  Benjamin  Powell* 
of  New  Poquoson,  York  County,  made  a  deed  for  land  patented  by 
John  Powell,  his  father,  February  6,  1635.  On  June  7,  1657,  Benjamin 
Powell,  of  New  Poquoson,  deeded  land  to  his  brother,  William  Powell; 
and  on  October  5,  1655,  there  is  a  deed  from  William  Powell,  of  York, 
and  his  wife,  Mary,  daughter  of  Wm.  Tapley,  deceased.  There  was 
long  a  family  of  Powells  in  York  county,  in  which  the  name  Benjamin 
frequently  appeared.  Benjamin  Powell  was  elected  member  of  the 
Common  Council  of  Williamsburg  i767,and  Benjamin  Powell  appointed 
a  Justice  of  York,  1784. 


(32)  Captain  William  Tucker,  [i]  *'Now  commander  of  Kic- 
coughtan ;  "  for  his  first  dividend,  150  acres  due  him  for  the  transportation 
out  of  England  at  his  own  charges  of  "  Georg  Tompson,  Paule  Tomp- 
son,  and  William  Tompson,  his  wives  bretheren,"  [2]  the  said  land 


ABSTRACTS  OF  VIRGINIA   LAND   PATENTS.  193 

being  in  Elizabeth  City,  and  adjoining  tliose  of  Richard  Boulton,  and 
John  Powell.    Granted  by  Wyatt,  September  20,  1624. 

NOTES. 

[i]  Captain  William  Tucker  was  born  1589,  and  came  to  Virjrinia  in 
the  Mary  <2f  James,  i6ro;  was  a  member  of  the  Virginia  Company,  1620; 
the  House  of  Burgesses,  i623-*4 ;  appointed  to  the  Council,  March  4, 
1626,  and  was  a  member,  and  perhups  later  was  first  in  the  commission 
(of  the  peace),  in  Elizabeth  City,  Sept.,  1632.  In  Nov.,  1623,  Mr.  Ray- 
mond reported  to  a  court  of  the  Virginia  Company,  that  he  was  in  Vir- 
ginia in  May  preceeding,  when  **  Istan,  the  great  king  sent  (to  Sir  Fran- 
cis Wyat),  word  that  if  he  would  send  some  ten  or  twelve  Englishmen 
unto  him,  he  would  deliver  all  the  rest  of  the  captive  English  he  had, 
and  would  also  deliver  his  brother,  Opachancano  (who  was  the  author 
of  the  massacre)  into  the  hands  of  the  English  either  alive  or  dead;  and 
some  days  before  that  he,  the  said  Raymond,  came  from  Virginia,  Cap- 
tain Tucker  with  some  twelve  more  was  gone  to  do  this  exploit.'*  (Pro- 
ceedings of  Virginia  Company,  Virginia  Historical  Society  Collections, 
Vol.  II,  237). 

In  1625,  he  owned  three  of  the  twenty  negroes  in  Virginia. 

William  Tucker's  extensive  business  as  a  merchant  is  shown  by  a 
letter  from  Governor  Harvey  to  the  Commissioners  for  Virginia,  May 
27,  1632,  in  which  he  recommends  that  Captain  William  Tucker  (then 
in  England,  as  he  had  been  in  March,  1629-30),  who  left  behind  him 
well  furnished  stores,  not  to  be  sold  but  at  excessive  rates,  should  con- 
tract  for  three  or  more  years  for  all  the  Tobacco  of  the  growth  of  Vir- 
ginia. (Sainsbury's  Abstracts.)  In  1633,  he  was  one  of  the  Commis- 
sioners appointed  by  the  King  to  superintend  the  government  of  Vir- 
ginia.J  ^ 

Mrs.  Mary,  wife  of  Captain  William  Tucker,  was  born  1599,  ^"^  came 
in  the  George,  1623.  In  1624-5,  they  had  one  child,  Elizabeth,  born  in 
Virginia. 

Captain  Wm.  Tucker  was  possibly  ancestor  of  a  family  of  the  name, 
resident  in  Elizabeth  City  county,  at  the  date  of  its  earliest  extant  re- 
cords, 1693. 

[2]  See  note  to  grant  to  Maurice  Thomson  (24). 


(33)  Robert  Salford,  [i]  of  Kiccoughtan,  in  the  Corporation  of 
Elizabeth  City,  yeoman;  100  acres  for  his  life  and  with  reversion  to  his 
son  John  Salford ;  the  said  land  being  a  neck  lying  at  the  mouth  of  the 
creek  "commonly  called  Salford's  creek,"  and  adjoining  the  land  of 
Miles  Prickett,  and  of  said  Salford.  Due  him  in  right  of  his  wife  Joane, 
deceased,  ancient  planter;  by  the  "  Curtisye  of  England  "  during  her 


194  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

[sic]  life  and  after  his  death  to  descend  to  the  said  John  Salford,  his  son 
by  the  said  joane.    Granted  by  Wyatt,  September  20, 1620. 

NOTE. 

[1]  See  note  to  patent  No.  25. 


(34)  John  Bush,  [i]  of  Kiccoughtan,  in  the  Corporation  of  Elizabeth 
City,  gentleman,  who  came  over  in  the  Neptune^  at  his  own  charge,  in 
16x8;  300  acres,  50  in  his  own  right,  150  for  the  transportation  out  of 
England  of  his  wife  Elizabeth,  and  his  children,  Elizabeth  and  Mary 
Bush,  who  all  came  in  the  Guift,  1619;  and  100  acres  for  the  transporta- 
tion of  his  two  servants,  Thomas  Hand  and  William  Pucker,  who  came 
in  the  Charles^  162 1 ;  said  land  being  in  the  parish  of  Kiccoughtan, 
adjoining  the  lands  of  Lieutenant  Albino  Lupo  and  of  William  Julian, 
and  bordering  on  the  main  river.    Granted  by  Wyatt,  1624.. 

NOTE. 

[i]  In  June,  1622,  the  King  referred  to  the  Virginia  Company  for 
answer,  a  petition  from  William  Kempe,  stating  that  John  Bush,  having 
two  houses  paid  for  before  Governor  Yeardley  came,  was  turned  out 
by  him,  and  Captain  Neuce  put  in  posression  of  the  same,  contrary  to 
all  right  and  equity,  whereby  he  lost  all  his  goods,  and  his  wife,  in  that 
extremity,  was  made  dangerously  sick.  And  also,  that  the  brother  of 
the  said  John  Bush,  being  then  dead  in  the  house,  and  his  wife  in  deli- 
cate health,  was  4ikewise  turned  out.  (Proceedings  of  Virginia  Com- 
pany, Virginia  Historical  Society,  I,  190). 

It  would  seem  from  several  petitions  that  Bush  and  others  were  on 
land  claimed  by  the  Company.  This  latter  body  referred  the  matter  to 
the  authorities  in  Virginia.  The  census  gives  a  John  Bush  as  among 
those  buried  at  Elizabeth  City,  in  1624.  John  Bush,  aged  17  years,  was 
among  the  passengers  to  Virginia  in  the  Transport^  of  London,  July  4, 
1635.  In  the  census  of  i624-'5,  the  "Muster"  of  Susan  Bush,  in 
Elizabeth  City,  included  herself,  aged  20,  who  came  in  the  George^ 
1617  ;  Sarah  Spence,  aged  4,  bom  in  Virginia,  and  five  servants. 


f 

\  (35)  Lieutenant  Albino  Lupo,  [i]  of  Kiccoughtan,  gentleman,  an 

ancient  planter ;  as  his  first  dividend,  350  acres  in  the  parish  of  Kic- 
coughtan, aforesaid,  adjoining  the  lands  of  Elizabeth  Lupo,  his  wife, 
and  of  John  Bush,  and  extending  along  the  banks  of  the  main  river 
180  poles,  "namely,  five  pole  exceeding  the  quantatie  ordinarily 
allowed  in  p'portion  by  the  water  side; "  100  acres,  due  for  his  personal 
adventure,  and  250  for  the  transportation  from  England,  at  his  own 
costs,  of  five  servants,  namely:  John  Slaughter  and  John  Hayes,  who 


ABSTRACTS  OF  VIRGINIA   LAND   PATENTS.  195 

came  in  the  George,  1617;  Hester  Wheeler,  in  the  George,  1617;  Daniel 
Palmer,  "  whose  passage  he  defrayed  unto  John  Downham,  [2]  of  the 
parish  of  Kiccoughtan,  yeoman,  out  of  the  IVarwick,  1621 ;  "  and  Eliza- 
beth Hayden,  who  came  in  the  London  Merchant,  1620.  Granted  by 
Wyatt,  September  ist,  1624.  % 

"^      NOTES. 

[i]  Albino  Lupo  was  born  1584,  and  came  to  Virginia  in  1610.  His 
wife,  Elizabeth,  born  1597,  and  came  to  Virginia  in  1616.  In  1624- 'Si 
they  had  one  child,  Temperence,  who  was  born  in  Virginia,  in  1620 ; 
and  at  that  time  (1625)  Philip  Lupo,  who  was  born  in  1582,  and  came 
in  1621,  was  living  with  them.  From  the  nanies  these  persons  would 
appear  to  have  been  Italians,  but  must  have  been  Protestants,  or 
Albino  Lupo  could  not  have  held  a  commission. 

[2]  John  Downham,  or  Downman,  as  the  name  was  usually  spelt, 
was  born  in  1592,  and  came  to  Virginia  in  the  John  and  Francis ,  16 14. 
Elizabeth  Downman,  doubtless  his  wife,  was'  born  in  1599,  came  in 
the  Warwick,  162 1.  At  the  census  of  1624- '5  (when  they  lived  in  Eliz- 
abeth City),  Moyses  Stones,  aged  16,  who  had  come  in  the  Bone  Bes, 
1623,  lived  with  them. 

*' The  John  Downman,"  was  appointed  one  of  the  commissioners  for 
Elizabeth  City,  March,  1628-^9  (Hening,  I,  133),  and  was  a  member  of 
the  House  of  Burgesses  from  the  same,  October,  1629. 


(36)  Elizabeth  Lupo,  wife  of  Albino  Lupo,  of  Kiccoughtan  in  the 
corporation  of  Elizabeth  City,  as  her  first  dividend,  50  acres  in  the 
parish  of  Kiccoughtan,  abutting  on  the  broad  creek,  and  adjoining  the 
land  of  Albino  Lupo.  Due  her  by  order  of  Court  out  of  England. 
Granted  by  Wyatt,  September  20,  1624. 


(37)  Thomas  Spilman,  [i]  of  Kiccoughtan  in  the  Corporation  of 
Elizabeth  City,  gentleman ;  50  acres,  for  his  first  personal  dividend,  on 
the  broad  creek,  and  the  main  river,  and  adjoining  the  lands  of  Albino 
Lupo,  and  Edward  Hill,  deceased  [2]  ;  "  due  him  as  his  owne  personal 
rig:ht.  who  came  over  at  his  owne  Cost  in  the  Georg,  1617.'*  Granted 
by  Wyatt,  December  i,  1624. 

NOTES. 

[i]  Thomas  Spilman  was  born  in  1601,  and  his  wife,  Hannah  Spilman, 
was  bom  1602,  and  came  in  the  Bona  Nova,  1620.  In  i624-'5,  the 
•'  muster  '*  of  "  Mr.  Thomas  Spilman,"  included  four  servants. 

Xhe  will  (made  in  England)  of  Thomas  Spilman,  of  Virginia,  gent.. 


196  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL  MAGAZINE. 

was  proved  in  the  Prerogative  Court  of  Canterbury.  He  gives  to  his 
daughter,  Mary  Spilman,  in  Virginia,  all  of  his  property  "here"  (in 
England),  and  to  his  wife  what  he  has  in  Virginia.  April  24.  1627,  ad- 
ministration on  his  estate,  when  he  is  styled  ^*  late  of  Truro,  in  Corn- 
wall, deceased,"  was  granted  to  his  brother  Francis  Spilman,  during  the 
absence  of  the  relict,  Hannah  Spilman,  in  Virginia.  (This  is  another  of 
the  wills  for  which  we  are  indebted  to  Mr.  Waters'  skilled  researches 
in  the  English  probate  offices,  and  to  the  generosity  of  the  New  Eng- 
land Historical  Genealogical  Society  in  authorizing  him  to  include  in 
his  work  all  of  the  Colonies). 

Another  Thomas  Spelman,  came  in  the  George^  1623,  and  at  the 
census  of  i624-'5,  was  28  years  of  age,  and  was  a  servant  to  Richard 
Stephens. 

An  earlier  representative  of  the  name  was  Henry  Spilman,  or  Spel- 
man, son  of  Sir  Henry  Spilman,  the  antiquary;  who  came  to  Virginia 
when  a  young  man;  was  rescued  by  Pocahontas  at  the  Massacre  of 
Ratcliffe's  party  in  1609;  lived  many  years  among  the  Patowmeke 
Indians  and  acquired  the  language.  In  August,  1619,  before  the  first 
General  Assembly,  Robert  Poole  charged  Captain  Henry  Spilman  with 
speaking  ill  of  the  Governor  **  at  Opechancona's  Court,"  and  in  con- 
sequence he  (Spilman)  was  degraded  from  his  rank  of  Captain,  and 
sentenced  to  serve  the  Colony  for  seven  years  as  interpreter  to  the 
Governor.  In  1622,  he  was  killed  by  Indians  on  the  Potomac.  He 
wrote  a  narrative  of  his  experiences  in  Virginia,  which  has  been  printed. 

In  the  York  records,  1669,  1674,  a  Thomas  Spilman,  who  was  ap- 
parently a  resident  of  the  county,  is  mentioned. 

Clement  Spilman  was  appointed  a  justice  of  Westmoreland  county, 
November,  1677. 

[2]  Mr.  Edward  Hill,  of  Elizabeth  City,  is  noted  by  Smith  as  making 
a  successful  resistance  during,  and  holding  his  ground  after  the  mas- 
sacre of  1622.  He  died  in  May,  1624,  and  was  buried  in  Elizabeth 
City  on  the  15th  of  that  month.  His  only  child  (given  in  the  census) 
was  Elizabeth,  born  in  Virginia,  who,  after  his  father's  death,  was 
living  in  the  family  of  Thomas  Spilman. 

In  1620,  this  Edward  Hill  had  a  brother,  John  Hill,  Mercer,  of  Lon- 
don, and  an  uncle,  Richard  Boyle,  also  living  in  England.  (Calendar 
of  Manchester,  MSS) 


ABSTRACTS  OF  VIRGINIA   LAND   PATENTS.  197 


Additional  Notes. 

(to  PATENTS  PRINTED  IN  NO.  I,  JULY,  I893.) 

(10)  John  Chew  was  a  Justice  of  York  county,  1634,  1652.  In  1651,  in 
view  of  his  intended  marriage  with  Miss  Rachel  Constable,  he  makes  a 
deed  (recorded  in  York),  for  certain  land,  &c.  In  the  records  of  the 
same  county,  Samuel  Chew  is  mentioned,  as  if  living  there,  in  1657,  and 
Joseph  Chew  in  1659.  From  the  same  it  appears  that  John  Chew  was 
dead  in  1668,  and  that  his  son,  Samuel,  was  living  in  Anne  Arundel 
county,  Maryland,  and  had  a  wife,  Anne.  Samuel  Chew  was  a  member 
of  the  Council  of  Maryland  in  1669.  At  Portsmouth,  Va.,  among  the 
records  of  lower  Norfolk  county,  is  a  power  of  Attorney  from  **  Samuel 
Chew,  Esq.,  of  Herrington  (not  Henington,  as  printed),  and  his  wife, 
Anne,  sole  daughter  and  heiress  of  Mr.  William  Ayres,  of  Nansemond 
county." 

Larkin'  Chew  (son  of  Joseph,*  and  grandson  of  John*  Chew,  the  im- 
migrant), returned  from  Maryland  to  Virginia,  married  Hannah  Roy 
("  Madam  Hani^h  Chew,"  is  mentioned  in  the  Spotsylvania  records, 
1734),  settled  in  the  present  Spotsylvania;  and  was  a  Justice  of  that 
county  in  1722,  Sheriff  in  1727  and  1728,  and  member  of  the  House  of 
Burgesses,  1723  and  1726.  He  had  issue:  I  Thomas^,  appointed  Justice 
of  Spotsylvania,  1722,  and  Sheriff,  1724  and  1725,  and  of  Orange,  1745; 
married  Martha  Taylor,  "  sister  of  President  Madison's  grandmother, 
and  great  grand-aunt  of  President  Taylor  '*;  II  Anne*,  married  William 
Johnston ;  III  John*,  appointed  a  Justice  of  Spotsylvania,  1731  ^ 
married  in  1729  (Spotsylvania  Records)  Margaret,  daughter  of  Harry 
Beverley  of  Spotsylvania;  IV  Larkin*,  Sheriff  of  Spotsylvania,  1739; 
married,  1733,  Mary,  daughter  of  Harry  Beverley  of  Spotsylvania. 

From  these  three  brothers  descended  several  branches  of  the  name 
in  Canada,  Connecticut,  New  York,  Virginia,  Louisiana,  &c.  Among 
the  individuals  who  may  be  noted  were  Coleby*  Chew,  of  Spotsylvania, 
killed  at  Fort  Duquese  in  1758,  and  his  brother,  Larkin*  Chew,  of  Spotsyl- 
vania lieutenant  in  Byrd's  regiment  (2d  Virginia),  whose  arm  was  shat- 
tered in  action,  by  a  ball.  May,  1754  (Petition,  Journal  of  House  of  Bur- 
gesses); John  Chew,'  of  Spotsylvania,  an  officer  in  the  Revolution,  and 
wounded  at  Camden  (Burke);  Samuel  Chew,  of  New  Haven,  Connecticut, 
who  is  said  to  have  been  killed  by  a  cannon  shot  while  commanding  an 
American  ship  (probably  a  privateer  or  State  ship)  in  action,  during  the 
Revolution ;  Harry'  Chew,  who  served  as  adjutant  in  the  Spotsylvania 
militia  in  the  Revolution,  and  at  a  latter  day  two  other  gallant  soldiers, 
R.  Preston  Chew,  of  Jefferson  county  (now  West  Virginia),  Colonel  C. 
S.  A.,  Commanding  Horse  Artillery  of  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  and 


198  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Robert  S.  Chew,  of  Fredericksburg  (1828,  August,  1886),  Colonel  30th 
Virginia  Infantry,  C.  S.  A.  For  genealogies  of  the  Chew  family  see 
Thomsons,  and  "  Richmond  Critic.'* 


(II)  Captain  Francis  Pott  was  a  Justice  of  Northampton  county,  and 
of  the  quorum,  March,  1656.  In  1646,  he  was  in  England,  and  in  a  let- 
ter dated  at  London,  March  26th  of  that  year  (and  recorded  in  North- 
ampton county),  he  tells  his  nephew,  John  Pott,  that  he  had  been 
disappointed  in  collecting  money  promised  him  by  Mr.  Nuthall ;  that 
**  my  cozen,  Menefie,  hath  paid  j^ii6  sterling  for  me,"  and  his  nephew 
is  to  satisfy  the  debt  out  of  any  of  his  (Francis  Pott's)  property,  except 
his  negroes;  he  may  expect  from  him  a  more  ample  direction  by  the 
next  shipping;  in  postscript  says  he  received  £^  more  from  Mrs.  Mary 
Menifye.  He  died  in  1658,  and  by  his  will,  dated  August  5th,  and 
proved  in  Northampton,  October  nth,  1658,  he  leaves  his  property  to 
his  nephew,  John  Pott;  kinsmen  Henry  Perry  and  wife;  godson  Ar- 
goll  Yardly;  godson  Bishop  **on  the  other  side  of  the  bay";  '*My 
Countriman  "  John  Allen ;  to  his  (the  testator's)  sisters,  j^io  sterling 
each.  Susanna,  widow  of  Captain  Pott,  married,  in  ^58  or  1659,  Wil- 
liam Kendall. 

There  is  recorded  m  Northampton  a  power  of  attorney,  dated  Oc- 
tober ist,  1660,  from  John  Pott,  of  Patuxent,  Maryland,  to  John  Seveme, 
of  Accomac. 


(8)  There  is  on  record  in  York  county,  a  power  of  Attorney  from  Mrs. 
Mary  Menefie,  widow  and  executrix,  of  George  Menefie,  late  of  Buch- 
land,  Charles  City  county,  Esq.,  deceased. 


(12)  There  is  recorded  in  York,  a  power  of  Attorney  from  William 
Spencer,  of  Martin's  Hundred,  James  City  county,  Gent.,  February, 
1657.  In  the  same  county  (York),  in  1658,  William  Spencer  was  ap- 
pointed guardian  of  his  sons-in-law  (step-sons),  Peregrine  and  Thomas 
Bland. 


(2)    Read  **  Pashbehay  "  instead  of  the  various  renderings  given. 


NOTES   AND   QUERIES.  199 


Notes  and  Queries. 

NOTES. 

Erratum. — On  page  141,  of  this  number,  second  line  of  article,  *'  Vir- 
ginia and  the  Act  of  Navigation,"  the  year  is  printed  1661,  it  should  be 

FitzhuKh  Letters* — ^The  following  details  as  to  persons  whose  names 
appear  in  the  first  instalment  of  the  Fitzhugh  Letters,  July  nifmber  of 
Virginia  Magazine  of  History,  will  be  of  interest : 

Page  27.  Colonel  Isaac  AUerton,  of  Westmoreland  county,  Virginia, 
was  the  son  of  Isaac  Allerton,  one  of  the  principal  immigrants  in  the 
Mayflower,  and  his  wife,  Faith,  daughter  of  Elder  William  Brewster. 
He  was  bom  at  Plymouth,  1630,  graduated  at  Harvard  College,  1650, 
and  soon  came  to  Virginia  There  is  recorded  in  Northumberland 
county  (including  Westmoreland),  an  order  dated  Feb.  6,  1650,  in  which 
it  is  stated  that  according  to  an  order  of  the  Governor  and  Council, 
inquiry  had  been  made  concerning  the  complaint  of  the  Machoatick 
Indians  about  Mr.  Allerton's  (possibly  the  elder)  intending  a  plantation 
upon  them,  the  court  being  directed,  if  the  Indians  were  not  content 
with  his  being  there,  to  remove  them;  but  due  inquisition  being  made, 
the  said  Indians,  and  the  werowance  Peckatoan  (also  the  name  of  a  well 
known  plantation  in  Westmoreland),  declared  they  were  well  content 
with  Mr.  Allerton  staying  there,  so  long  as  the  land  ("  wherever  hee 
hath  already  cleared'')  be  useful,  provided  that  no  more  houseing  be 
there  built  than  is  now  upon  it,  and  to  keep  his  cattle  and  hogs  on  the 
other  side  of  Machoatick  river.  There  is  also  recorded  in  Northum- 
berland, 1657,  the  deposition  of  William  Nutt,  that  about  February  pre- 
ceding, he  and  other  commissioners  of  Northumberland  county,  being 
appointed  by  the  Governor  and  Council  to  inquire  concerning  the 
seating  of  Mr.  Isaac  Allerton's  land  at  Machoatic,  Mr.  Wm.  Cooke 
being  requested  to  be  interpreter,  the  deponent  heard  Captain  Peter 
Lefebeer  promise  to  pay,  on  the  said  Allerton's  behalf,  to  the  said 
Cooke  1,000  lbs.  of  tobacco  in  case  Allerton  seated  farther.  (See  Hen- 
ing  I,  456-7).  Colonel  Allerton  was  sworn  a  Justice  of  Northumber 
land  county,  22d  April,  1663;  was  a  member  of  the  "Committee  of  the 
Association  of  North *d,  West*d  &  Stafford,"  November  ist,  1667 
{Northumberland  records^  and  see  Hening  \\,i^i)\  in  September,  1675, 
as  major,  was  second  to  Colonel  John  Washmgton  in  command  of  Vir- 
ginia forces  in  expedition  against  the  Indians;  was,  November  5th,  1677, 
second  in  the  commission  of  the  peace  for  Westmoreland  and  of  the 
quorum;  member  of  the  House  of  Burgesses,  February,  i676-'7 
( Westmoreland  records') ;  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Council  1683 


200  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

{Sainsbury  Abstracts).  In  a  letter  dated  June  loth,  1691,  Governor 
Nicholson  reports  to  the  English  Government  that  Richard  Lee,  Isaac 
Allerton  and  John  Armistead,  out  of  scruple  of  conscience,  refused  to 
take  the  oaths,  and  so  were  left  out  of  the  Council.    {Ibid). 

It  is  stated  that  he  had  a  wife,  Elizabeth,  as  early  as  1652 ;  and,  in 
1663,  she  is  described  in  the  Westmoreland  records  as  Elizabeth,  for- 
merly relict  of  Major  George  Colclough,  of  Northumberland  ;  but,  re- 
corded in  Northumberland,  and  dated  February  20th,  1663,  Thomas 
Willowby  and  Sarah,  his  wife  (who  was  certainly  a  daughter  of  Richard 
Thomson,  of  Northumberland),  give  a  power  of  attorney  to  '*  our  loving 
brother ' Isaac  Allerton,'*  while  in  Northumberland,  November  20th, 
1658,  George  Colclough,  who  had  married  Ursula,  widow  of  Colonel 
John  Mottrom,  and  before  of  Richard  Thomson,  was  appointed  guard- 
ian of  Richard  and  Sarah,  infants  of  said  Richard  Thomson.  This  is 
a  nut  for  the  genealogists  to  crack.  Colonel  Isaac  Allerton 's  will  was 
dated  25th  October,  1702,  and  proved  in  December  following. 

See  also,  "The  Allertons  of  New  England  and  Virginia  ";  New  Eng- 
land Historical  and  Genealogical  Register,  July,  1891. 

Page  27.  In  the  Richmond  Critic,  January  15,  1889,  was  published 
an  inquiry  from  Mr.  and  Mrs.  E.  Salisbury,  New  Haven,  Connecticut, 
in  regard  to  *"  John  Lord,  son  of  Mr.  Thomas  Lord,  one  of  the  original 
proprietors  of  Hartford;  married  first,  Rebecca  Bushnell,  of  Guilford ; 
second,  Andrew  [?]  Basey,  of  Hartford.  He  left  her  and  went  to  Vir- 
ginia. An  excellent  letter  from  him  to  his  nephew,  Mr.  Richard  Lord, 
of  Hartford,  is  dated  *  Apomatixe  *  (now  Mattox,  Westmoreland),  the 
2oth  of  February,  1663.  He  appeared  to  have  been  engaged  in  raising 
tobacco,  but  speaks  also  of  *'  barley.'* 

There  is  recorded  in  Westmoreland  a  power  of  attorney,  dated 
August  2d,  1654,  from  Richard  Lord,  of  Hartford,  New  England,  to 
his  brother,  John  Lord,  of  the  same  place ;  and  in  Northumberland, 
another  power  from  John  Lord,  of  "Hartford,**  in  New  England,  mer- 
chant, to  James  Garler,  to  recover  debts  due  said  John  Lord  and  his 
brother,  Richard  Lord  ('*as  by  his  general  power  of  attorney  recorded 
in  Westmoreland  county  may  appear*'),  and  also  from  Mr.  Daniel 
Litsco,  of  "  the  Manatas  "  (Manhattan),  from  John  Earle,  of  Northumber- 
land county,  Virginia,  and  Dr.  William  Addams,  of  the  same  county, 
witnessed  by  Charles  Norwood  (Clerk  of  the  Virginia  Assembly),  and 
Richard  Lord. 

Captain  John  Lord,  as  appears  by  a  deed,  was  living  in  Westmore- 
land in  1668,  was  a  Justice,  and  of  the  Quorum  of  that  county,  Novem- 
ber 5th,  1677. 

There  is  a  deed,  dated  March  31st,  1714,  from  William  Lord,  of  West- 
moreland county,  gentleman,  conveying  to  Richard  Knight  certain  land, 
which  was  purchased  by  "John  Lord,  high  Sheriff  of  Westmoreland,*' 


NOTES  AND   QUERIES.  201 

and  father  of  the  said  Wm.  Lord.    Wm.  Lord,  himself,  was  Sheriff  of 
Westmoreland  in  1729. 

At  an  early  period  there  seems  to  have  been  considerable  intercourse 
between  the  Northern  Neck  and  New  England.  Besides  the  Allertons 
and  Lords,  Wm.  Fitzhugh  mentions,  later,  lands  owned  by  Prescott, 
whose  will  had  been  dated,  or  proved,  at  New  London ;  there  is  re- 
corded in  Lancaster  a  deed,  dated  May  18,  1681,  from  Richard  Merri- 
man,  gentleman,  of  that  county,  attorney  of  Mr.  Thomas  Kelland  and 
and  Mr.  Anthony  Haywood,  of  the  town  of  Boston,  to  Mr.  Richard  Per- 
rott,  of  the  county  of  Middlesex  in  Virginia  (Margaret,  widow  of  Rich- 
ard Perrott,and,  before  of  Thomas  Dale,  in  her  will,  1687,  names  her 
brother,  Mr.  Anthony  Haywood,  and  her  sister,  Mrs.  Catherine  Hide). 
Mr.  Thomas  Broughton  of  Virginia  assigns,  in  Northumberland  county, 
March  30.  1659,  a  patent  to  Mr.  Thomas  Broughton,  in  New  England, 
(there  is  in  Northumberland  the  deposition,  dated  September  20,  1652, 
of  Thomas  Broughton,  aged  29  years);  the  will  of  Mrs.  Mary  Brough- 
ton [x],  relict  of  Thomas  Broughton,  dated  January  2d,  1662,  proved  in 
Northumberland,  February  10,  1662,  her  sons  Thomas,  Mathew  and 
William  Keene  (of  Northumberland)  and  Elizabeth  Persey.  (Part  of 
this  will  is  worn  out).  Richard  Rice  [x]  and  Ann,  his  wife,  made  deed, 
Northumberland,  April,  1666,  to  John  Saffin,  of  Boston,  New  England, 
merchant,  for  100  acres  of  land  (consideration  6|Ooo  pounds  of  tobacco) 
on  the  Metapony  river  in  said  county,  adjoining  the  land  called  Exe- 
ter Lodge,  formerly  possessed  by  Thomas  Broughton,  and  now  by  said 
Saffin.  And  in  1667,  Thomas  Hickman  and  Mary  [x],  his  wife,  of 
Northumberland,  conveyed  to  John  Safiin,  of  Boston,  one-half  of  their 
plantation  of  800  acres,  adjoining  the  land  of  said  Saffin,  called  Exeter 
Lodge. 

Page  42.  Thomas  Mathew  (as  he  invariably  writes  his  name),  of 
Cherry  Point,  Northumberland,  was  beyond  a  doubt,  the"T.  M."  who, 
at  the  request  of  Harley,  and  he  states  in  his  preface,  13th  June,  1705, 
'*  obliged  his  pen  to  step  aside  from  its  habitual  element  of  ffigures  " 
and  prepare  an  account  of  Bacon's  Rebellion;  but  an  examination  of 
the  records  of  Northumberland  county,  Virginia,  shows  that  there  is 
no  ground  for  the  conjecture  of  Campbell  and  others  (followed  in  the 
Virginia  Historical  Magazine,  July,  1893,  page  92),  that  he  was  a  son 
of  Governor  Samuel  Matthews. 

The  records  of  the  Northern  Neck  counties  show  that  Thomas 
Mathew  was  extensively  engaged  in  business  as  a  merchant  and  planter. 
He  was  a  Justice  of  Northumberland,  1672, 1676,  and  as  he  states,  of  the 
House  of  Burgesses,  1676.  In  1671,  Robert  Walton,  by  will  dated  Janu- 
ary 14th,  1669,  and  proved,  Northumberland,  July  19th,  1671,  gives 
most  of  his  estate  to  his  wife,  son  Charles,  and  daughter,  all  then  in 

England ;  and  legacies  to  his  sister,   Miss  Frissie  Mathew,  and  his 

7 


202  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

brother.  Thomas  Mathew,  of  Northumberland  county,  Va.    Thomas 
Mathew  returned  to  England  and  died  in  1705  or  1706. 

The  will  of  Thomas  Mathew,  formerly  of  Cherry  Point,  Bowtracy 
(a  parish  unknown  to  Bishop  Meade,  but  frequently  appearing  in  the 
early  records  of  the  county),  Northumberland  county,  Va.,  merchant ; 
dated  May  6th,  1703,  and  proved  P.  C.  C  February  6th,  1706,  as  that  of 
Thomas  Mathew,  of  the  parish  of  St  Margaret's,  Westminister ;  directs 
that  if  he  die  in  or  about  London,  he  shall  be  buried  by  his  son  Wil- 
liam, in  the  Church  of  St.  Dunstan  in  the  East — Legatees ;  his  sons 
John  and  Thomas  and  daughter  Anne,  to  whom  he  gives  his  lands  in 
Stafford  county ;  and  at  Cherry  Point,  Northumberland,  &c  ,  &c. :  and 
directs  that  his  brother- in-law,  Captain  John  Cralle,  shall  hold  his  ten- 
ure  in  Cherry  Point  Neck  during  life.  Captain  Cralle  presented  the 
will  for  record  in  Northumberland. 

The  register  of  St.  Stephen's  parish,  .Northumberland,  gives  the 
dates  of  the  births  of  his  children,  John,  March  23d,  1677;  Ann,  Febru- 
ary 27th,  1679;  ^^^  Thomas,  January  23d,  1680. 

March  5th,  i677-'8,  Northumberland  County  Court,  sitting  at  the 
house  of  Mr.  Thomas  Mathew,  as  a  '*  Court  Maratime,"  gave  judgment 
against  Mr.  Robert  Finney,  master  of  the  ship  Constant  Mathew,  of 
London,  for  a  violation  of  the  navigation  laws. 

Northumberland,  February,  1679-80,  the  court  ordered  a  certificate 
to  be  granted  to  Mr.  Thomas  Mathew  for  3,800  acres  of  land,  for  the 
transportation  of  seventy-six  persons  into  the  colony,  including  himself 
and  ten  negroes  from  Barbadoes,  himself  from  London,  and  himself 
and  three  negroes  from  New  England. 

By  a  power  of  attorney,  dated  January  3d,  1737,  Thomas  Mathew,  of 
Sherborn  Lane*  London,  gent,  (the  surviving  executor  of  Thomas  Ma- 
thew, of  Cherry  Point,  in  Virginia,  merchant);  and  Mr.  John  Mathew,  of 
London,  merchant,  and  his  wife,  who  was  the  only  daughter  of  the  said 
Thomas  Mathew,  deceased,  reciting  that  Thomas  Mathew  left  a 
plantation  in  Stafford  county,  Va.,  to  his  three  children,  John,  Thomas 
and  Anna,  and  the  said  John  having  died  intestate  in  1735,  and  no  issue 
living,  authorize  Thomas  Crompton,  of  Maryland,  to  sell  the  said  plan- 
tation. 


Fourth  Virginia  Regiment  in  the  Revolution, — Mr.  P.  Fall  Taylor, 
of  Frankfort,  Kentucky,  in  sending  us  the  subjoined  lists,  writes  as 
follows  : 

'*  Striking  evidence  is  given  of  the  condition  of  the  troops  of  the 
Virginia  Line  in  1778  by  the  *  return  '  made  by  Lieutenant  Samuel  Gill, 
of  the  Fourth  Virginia  Regiment. 


NOTES   AND  QUERIES.  203 

*•  These  men  had  served  out  the  term  of  their  enlistment,  which 
must  have  been  a  long  and  hard  one,  and  were  on  their  way  home.  Of 
these  '  old  Continentals  in  their  ragged  regimentals  *  not  one  could 
*  fall  in  '  with  a  complete  equipment,  and  some  of  them  were  without 
either  coat,  '  hatt '  or  shoes  ;  even  *  overhalls  *  seem  to  have  been  a 
luxury. 

**  Of  the  officers,  Brigadier-General  Charles  Scott  was  a  brave  but 
rough  veteran  of  th&  French  and  Indian  war,  where  he  served  as  a 
corporal  in  Braddock's  defeat.  He  is  said  to  have  raised  and  com- 
manded the  first  company  of  volunteers  raised  south  of  James  river 
for  the  Revolution.  He  was  in  active  service,  and  his  promotion  was 
rapid  until  he  was  taken  prisoner  at  Charleston  in  1780,  from  which 
time  he  was  on  parole  until  the  end  of  the  war.  In  1785  he  removed 
to  Kentucky,  presumably  to  locate  the  13,000  acres  of  bounty  land 
given  him  by  Virginia.  He  was  appointed  brigadier-general  of  the 
Kentucky  militia,  and  served  in  the  Indian  wars  with  St.  Clair,  Wilkin- 
son and  Wayne  until  his  election  as  Governor,  in  1808,  for  a  term  of 
four  years,  which  closed  his  public  life. 

*•  Heitman's  '  Historical  Register  of  the  Officers  of  the  Continental 
Army '  states :  *  Samuel  Gill,  ensign  Fourth  Virginia,  loth  February, 
1776;  first  lieutenant,  November,  1776;  captain,  January,  1777;  retired 
14th  September,  1778.*  For  his  services  Lieutenant  Gill  received  4  000 
acres  of  bounty  land  in  Kentucky,  and  it  was  among  some  old  land 
claims  that  these  papers,  with  his  commission,  were  found  in  an  old 
trunk. 

"Trusting  that  the  publication  of  these  documents  will  induce 
others  to  bring  out  their  venerable  relics  of  the  Revolution,  they  are 
offered  to  the  readers  of  the  Virginia  Magazine. 

« 

P.  Fall  Taylor." 
Frankfort,  Ky.,  August  15^  iSgj. 

Sir, — You  are  to  proceed  to  Virginia  with  a  party  of  Discharged  Sol- 
diers. You  will  draw  provisions  for  them  at  the  different  Stages  as  you 
may  think  Convenient.  Attention  must  be  paid  that  the  Soldiers 
march  with  some  Regularity,  &  particularly  that  they  are  prevented 
from  straggling  and  Injuring  the  Inhabitants. 

Chas.  Scott,  B.  G. 
To  Lieut.  SanCl  Gill,  4th  Virg'a  Reg't. 

Issue  provisions  for  a  party  of  Discharged  Soldiers  under  the  care 
of  Lieut.  Gill  upon  his  order. 

feb*r  2ist,  78.  Ch's  Scott,  B.  G. 

To  the  Comissarys  between  Camp  and  Leesburg,  Virga. 


204 


VIRGINIA  HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


Permit  Lieut.  Gill  to  pass  over  all  Ferries  between  Camp  &  Lees 
burg  in  Virg'a  free  without  cost. 

FebV  21*81.  Ch's  G.  Scott,  B.  G. 

To  the  Keeper  of  all  Ferries, 

These  are  to  Certify  that  Lieut.  Sam'l  Gill  of  4'th  Virginia  Regiment, 
GenM  Scott's  Brigade,  has  been  on  duty  at  the  Gen'l  Hospitals  in 
Country  &  Valley  Forge  from  19'th  June  to  the  21'st  Sept'r,  1778. 

N.  Craig,  Col:  ComnCU 
[Note. — This  signature  is  almost  illegible,  and  it  may  be  T.  Craig] 


A  Pay  Roll  for  a  detachment  of  Different  Regt's  on  their  march  ti) 
Head  Quarters  Under  the  Com'd  of  Captain  Burnley  and  Lieut.  Sam'l 
Gill.  April  14th,  1778,  for  the  month  March: 


No. 

Men's  Names. 

Rank. 

1  per  mo. 

Whole  pay. 
L.  s.  d. 

I 

Garland  Burnley 

Capt. 

40 

15.00  0 

2 

Sam'l  Gill 

Lieut 

^lYi 

10.02  6 

3 

John  Smith 

Serg't 

8 

3.00.0 

4 

George  Chisholm 

do. 

8 

3.00.0 

5 

John  Carroll 

do 

8 

3. 00.0 

6 

John  Roberts 

do 

8 

3.000 

7 

James  Knight 

Cop'l 

ri 

2.15.0 

8 

John  Fleece 

do 

V/i 

2.15.0 

9 

Coonrod  Penny bacer 

F.  M. 

8'i 

3.02.6 

10 

Edward  Sturrs 

F 

A     *      •    •    • 

IM 

2.15  0 

II 

Rubin  .Sturrs 

Drmr 

ri 

2.15.0 

12 

John  Horn 

Priv't 

6^3 

2.10.0 

13 

Edward  Travis 

do 

6^3 

2.10.0 

14 

George  Tombestin 

do 

6-;s 

2.100 

15 

George  Shevellin 

do 

62/3 

2.10.0 

16 

Thomas  Adkison 

do 

en 

2.10.0 

17 

William  Willoughby 

do 

6H 

2.10.0 

18 

Thomas  Hill 

do 

6  =  i 

2.10.0 

19 

Shadrach  Hill 

do 

en 

2.10.0 

20 

Randol  Abbitt 

do 

e^ 

2.100 

21 

Wm.  Turner 

do 

6H 

2.100 

22 

James  Taylor 

do 

^H 

2.10.0 

23 

Charles  Eastwood 

do 

6?^ 

2100 

NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


205 


No. 

Men's  Names. 

Rank. 

$  per  mo. 

Whole  pay. 
L.  s.  d. 

24 

Tho*s  Biirk 

Priv't 

6% 

2.10.0 

25 

William  Brown 

do 

en 

2.10.0 

26 

Daniel  Collard 

do 

6^ 

2.10.0 

27 

Ediine  Willoughby 

do 

en 

2.10.0 

2d 

James  Pathalls 

do 

6% 

2.10.0 

29 

George  Johnston 

do 

6^3 

2.10.0 

30 

John  Drain 

do 

^% 

2. 10. 0 

31 

John  Thraphorn 

do 

6^3 

2.10.0 

32 

Henry  Duckwall 

do 

6^^ 

2.100 

33 

Jones  Grove 

do 

.       6^ 

2.10.0 

34 

Shurman  Adair 

do 

6?3 

2.10.0 

35 

Tho's  Aris 

do 

6% 

2.10.0 

36 

Joab  Lucas 

do 

e% 

2.10.0 

37    , 

John  Smith 

do 

6^3 

2.10.0 

38 

David  Cochran 

do 

6M 

2.10.0 

39 

Charles  Harris 

do 

6^1 

2.10.0 

40 

John  Stackpole 

do 

6M 

2.10.0 

41 

John  Porkason 

do 

6^^ 

2.10.0 

42 

Henry  Barnes 

do 

6^-3 

2.10.0 

43 

James  Lemmon 

do 

6« 

2.10.0 

44 

John  Bell 

do 

6?^ 

2.100 

45 

Alexander  Sturt 

do 

^H 

2.10.0 

46 

Andrew  Skillen 

do 

6fi 

2.10.0 

47 

John  Wallis 

do 

6^i 

2.10.0 

48 

Robert  Cowen 

do 

6?i 

2.10.0 

49 

Jacob  Sowder 

do  k 

6^ 

2.10.0 

50 

Robert  Kern 

do 

6h' 

2.10.0 

51 

Richard  Henderson 

do 

^H 

2.10.0 

52 

James  Riley,  Pay'd 

do 

6M 

2.10.0 

53 

James  Meags 

do 

^H 

2.10.0 

54 

Stephen  Verde 

do 

6^3 

2.IO.O 

55 

Conrod  Casnor 

do 

er, 

2.IO.O 

56 

William  Warrent 

do 

^Yi 

2.10.0 

57 

George  James 

do 

6?-3 

2.10.0 

58 

Henry  Ducher 
Dollars 

do 

443 '3 

2.10.0 

L. 

166.. s 

206  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


YORKTOWN,  Apl.  15th,  1778. 

Rec'd  of  Lieut.  Sam'l  Gill,  of  4th  Virg*a  Regiment,  One  months  pay 
for  March,  1778,  as  witness  our  hands : 

8  Dollars. 

6?3 


John  Smith, 

4th  V.  R , 

Daniel  Collett, 

Do 

fas.  (X)  Pearthalls, 

Do. 

Henry  (X)  Desplin, 

Do. 

John  Frasnour, 

Do. 

James  (X)  Grove, 

Do. 

Adam  (X)  Shurman, 

Do. 

Thorn's  Ayris, 

Do. 

Job.  Lucas, 

Do. 

David  Cochran, 

Do. 

Charles  Harris. 

Do. 

John  (X)  Stackpole, 

Do. 

John  (X)  Parkinson, 

Do. 

James  Lemon, 

Do. 

John  Bell, 

Do. 

John  Wallis, 

Do. 

Robert  Cowan, 

Do. 

Jacob  (X)  Sowder, 

Do. 

(Illegible.) 

John  Smith, 

Do. 

John  Fleece, 

Do. 

Conrod  Pennybaker, 

Do. 

Andrew  (X)  Skillen, 

Do. 

Henry  (X)  Barns, 

Do. 

John  (X)  Drain, 

Do. 

John  (X)  Horn, 

Do. 

George  (X)  Johnston, 

Do. 

fames  Knight, 

4"   VirgReg 

James  (X)  Ryley, 

geor  James, 

8*'   VirgReg 

Stephen  Vardine, 

Do. 

William  Warin, 

Coonrod  Canssner, 

6  *•  Virg't  Reg 

3 

6^3 

6  H 

e% 

6  H^ 
6^3 

6  2^ 
6  M 

6H 

en 
6^3 

6  H 

6^3 

6M 

SH 

en 
en 

6H 


[Note.— (X)  '*  his  mark."] 


NOTES    AND  QUERIES. 


207 


v. 


gen'l  scott*s  brigade. 

Return  of  the  4th  Virg'a  Reg't,  commanded  by  Maj'r  Isaac  Beall, 
with  an  inventory  of  the  arms,  Accoutrements  and  Clothing,  now  in 
their  possession.  June  21,  1778- 


I 
«  2  «  y 


Si  I  c 


I  to'   .     . 
vis   *  ?J   5 


James  Knight 

John  Threshom 

Henry  Duck  wall. . . . 

Jonas  Grove 

Henry  Hoin 

Jas.  Young 

Henry  Barnes 

Dennis  Campbell.... 

Elisha  Timmons 

Edmond  Travis 

John  Ennis 

Tho's  Aries 

Mark  Haizel 

Henry  Devlin 

Edward  Burcher 

Gallent  Crosbay 

Jacob  Sowder 

•^  John  Craig,  Orderly 
William  Lipscomb. 

Michael  Smith 

(illegible) 

Cayhill 


Jas.  Leamroon 

William  Bowls 

John  Smith 

Benjamin  Overstreet. . 
Laurence  Neal  (Dead). 
Benjamin  Umphries. . . 

George  Comb 

William  Jackson 

Nathaniel  Bagott 

Matthew  Watson 

Matthew  Burk 

Jas.  Wishert 

John  White 

Jas.  McGrath 

Batt  Dungey 

Daniel  Bovce 

John  Laisley 

John  Low 

ncil  Caisley 

Wm.Sillot 

•T^rcdcrick  Bryant  

Nicholas  Parish 

Christopher  Moser 

George  Warden 

Peter  Green  range 

Edward  Crooce 

Adam  Hatten    

Rob't  Bartlet 

Sam'l  Stewart 

D.  Dunnigan 

W.  Davis 


Total .'.'48  41  40  48' 14  46I27  10  i7'39  48  33  2030I  2'  2 


Sam'l  Gill  Lt. 
in  4th  Virg'a  Reg't- 


206  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL  MAGAZINE. 

Personal  Estate  of  an  Ancestor  of  Jefferson. — The  following  inven- 
tory gives  the  personal  estate  of  the  great-grandfather  of  the  author  of 
the  Declaration  of  Independence.  It  is  taken  frooa  the  records  of 
Henrico  county : 

Henrico  County,  October  the  /sit  ^^^ 

At  a  Court  held  at  Varirta,  for  the  County  of  Henrico,  the  first  day  of 
October,  169S,  by  his  Majesties  Justices  of  the  peace  for  the  said 
County. 
An  Inventory  of  all  &  Singular  the  goods  &  Chattels  of  Thomas 
Jefferson,  dec'd,  appraized  and  valued  upon  our  oaths  by  us  the  Sub- 
scribers, by  vertue  of  an  order  of  Henrico  County  Court,  dated  the 
first  day  of  December,  anno.  1679,  and  was  by  us  Equally  divided' 
according  to  the  last  will  &  Testament  of  the  dec'd,  this  22  day  of 
Decemb'r  aono.  1697  :  Excepting  the  negroes  which  were  by  the  Tes- 
tatV  otherwise  by  his  sd.  will  disposed  of. 

For  the  Widow  &  Ex'x  of  ye  decd'ts,  Viz : 

One  feether  bed  &  bolster  &  i  pillow 040900 

I  Rugg  &  blankett 01  05  00 

I  Set  of  Kitermister  Curtains  &  Vallens  Bedstead,  hide  & 

bed  cord 01  10  00 

I  Chest  with  lock  &  key % 00  10  00 

I  black  Leather  Trunk 00  07  00 

I  Couch  lod,  I  p'r  wh.  Linen  Sheets  18,  2  Do  pillowbers  3. . .  01  11  00 

I  pY  large  canvas  Sheetes  9s,  i  Canvas  pillowber  10 00  09  10 

I  Canvas  Sheete 00  03  00 

1  diapV  Table  Cloth  &  Towell  8 :  1 1  do  Napkins  isd 01  01  09 

2  Rusha  leather  Chairs  at  7.6d 00  15  00 

I  Great  Earthen  Jugg  8d,  i  Gall  pott  6d 00  02  00 

5  Rush  bottom  Chaires 00  0400 

15  Is.  of  new  pewter  at  i2d.  p 00  15  00 

2}4  Is.  old  pewter  at  6d 00  01  03 

8  New  plates  at  13  p.;  8  |  ®  2  old  plates  at  6d.  i 00  09  08 

4  New  Alchymy  spoons  at  2}^ • 00  00  10 

I  brass  Candle  Stick  2.6,  i  pr.  Brass  handirons  2od 01  02  06 

I  Birding  piece,  10;  i  hoop  spinning  wheels,  5s 00  15  00 

I  Crosscut  Saw,  files.  Rest,  6s.;  wedges  &  2  pestles,  8d 00  14  00 

I  old  long  table  and  forme,  8s 00  08  00 

I  Brass  Skimer 00  01  06 

1  Brass  Kettle,  94  i8>^  lbs.  at  8d.  p 00  12  04 

2  old  Cases  and  some  bottles 00  01  00 

I  old  Little  flock  bed  pillow  &  old  Rugg 000800 

I  Chest  (old) 00  06  00 

8  Round  quart  bottles,  2 ;  2  pr.  old  sissors,  4d 00  02  00 

18  05  00 


NOTES   AND   QUERIES.  209 

2  prime  doe  skins  5s.;  i  p'cell  of  old  books,  los 00  15  00 

I  Ivory  Comb  &  brush.  6d.;  i  Small  Looking  Glass.  8d.;  i  hatt 

brush,  6d  ;  i  burning  Glass,  4d.;  i  Small  table,  i^d. . .  00  03  00 

6  Alchimy  Spoones  (old) 00  00  09 

I  Sad  iron,  i2d.;  i  Virg.  Hilling  hoe,  2s ^ 00  03  00 

I  Red  Cow  &  Small  black  heifer 02  10  00 

I  Old  horse,  50s.;  i  Bull,  15s.;  i  yerling  heifer 03  13  00 

I  Ox  chaine,  2od.,  at  3d.  p 00  05  00 

I  pr.  pott  Racks,  ii>4  Is.,  at  4d.  p 00  03  10 

I  Spitt,  6>^  ;  8  at  4d.  p 00  02  02 

1  Iron  pott,  ig}i  Is.;  i  ditto,  28  at  2d.  p 00  07  11 

2  pr.  of  pot  hookes 00  01  04 

I  Little  frying  pan ...  00  01  06 

I  flesk  fork 00  00  08 

one-half  of  ye  whole  Stock  of  Hoggs,  which  was  valued  at 

7£  06s  ood 03  13  00 

One  half  of  ye  Lumber  &  5  Is.  of  Hopps,  being  valued  at 

2£ — OS.  00,  is 01  00  00 

One-halfe  of  a  p'cell  of  Virginia  Soft  Sope 00  01  09 

One-halfe  of  a  p*cell  of  Salt 00  01  06 

One-halfe  of  six  tanned  hides,  being  valued  at  2£  2s,  is 01  01  00 

2^  Busshle  of  pease  at  3s.  p.  Bush 00  07  06 

• 

14  II  09 

Brought  over  from  pa.  1 13 '  18  05  00 

I  Grindstone 00  03  00 

I  Serv't  Boye  Jos;  Stept  5  years  to  serve,  7£ 07  00  00 

39  19  04 
For  Thorn:  Jefferson  Viz*t. 

I  ffeather  bed.  Bolster  &  Pillow,  9s.  8  7d.,  new  tick 04  15  00 

Curtains,  Vallaines,  Bedstead  hite  &  Red  Cord 02  00  00 

I  Rug  &  blankett 01  08  00 

I  Chest 00  08  00 

1  Taned  Leather  Couch 00  15  00 

2  w't  Lin.  pillow  biers 00  03  00 

I  p*r  of  oz.  6  Sheetes,  10;  i  p*r  Qanvis  Sheetes,  8 00  18  00 

I  Short  w*i  Lin:  Table  Cloth  &  6  ditto  napkins 00  08  00 

I  Canvis  pillow  bears,  lod.,  and  i  Canvis  Sheet,  3s 00  03  00 

1  Great  Gallon  pott,  8d.,  &  i  dantzick  Case  &  Bottles,  4. . .  00  04  08 

2  Rush  Leather  Cheares  at  7s.  &  6d.  p.  chair 00  15  00 

I  old  Silver  dram  Cup,  Buttons  &  Shoe  buckles 00  10  00 

5  Rush  Bottom  Chairs,  ^s.  &  i5d.  of  new  pewter,  at  i2d —  00  19  00 

2^  Is.  old  pewter  at  6d.  p.  Is 00  01  03 

13  08  09 


210  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Brought  over 13  08  09 

8  new  pewter  plates  at  13d.  p.  plate 000808 

2  old  ditto  plates  at  6d.  p 00  01  00 

4  new  Alkamy  spoonesat  i>^d.  p 00  00  10 

I  Brass  Candlestick ' 00  02  06 

I  Parcel!  of  old  Shoemaker  tooles v;o  07  00 

I  old  unfixt  musquett 00  05  00 

I  parcell  of  old  Coopers'  tooles  &  froe 000600 

I  pewter  Chamber  pot,  2s.  6d. ;  i  Sug.  pott,  los 00  03  04 

I  old  Sadie,  2  old  Bridles  &  i  halter 00  10  00 

I  Small  X  bar:  Table 00  02  00 

I  Small  brass  kettle.  3>^is.  at  I2d.  p  00  03  06 

I  old  little  Chest 00  01  06 

I  Small  ButtV  pott,  2d.;  i  Earthen  piece,  4d 000008 

I  old  tin  Cullender,  6,  &  Same  pan ;  i  p'r  old  hand  horns  & 

2  p*r  trigs,  4 00  04  06 

I  p*r  Virga.  Shoes  &  Cushion  Case 00  03  06 

4  Horn  Combes,  8d. ;  i  Little  Box,  i2d  ,  &  Bed  Cord,  I2d. .  00  02  oS 

5  old  Alcamy  spoones,  13IS.  old  Iron,  13d.,  i  Cowbell 00  02  00 

I  Wash  Brush  &  i  Scrub  Brush 00  01  06 

I  Brindled  &  i  Red  Cow  about  7  years  old 02  10  00 

I  Stere  yerling,  8s.;  i  Steere  2  years  old,  15 01  03  00 

I  Broad  Cloth  Coate,  Serge  Jacky't  &  Briches 01  10  00 

I  Serge  Coate  &  i  Camlet  Coate 00  17  00 

1  Castor,  los..  2  p'r  old  yarn,  i  p*r  old  Cotton  Stockings 00  13  00 

2  new  (loths  is. ;  10  Chairs  19^^  Is.  at  3d.  Is.  3 :  7>^ 00  05  il 

I  pr.  pot  Racks  6^  Is.  at 4d.  p :  2  spitt  iiaS  at  7d.  3:10 00  06  00 

1  Iron  pott  42  Is.  &  I  ditto  19^^  Is.  at  2d 00  10  03 

2  pr.  potthooks,  i4d.,  i  old  frying  pan,  i2d.;  i  drip  pan,  7>^ 

Is.,  3s.  9d 00  06  01 

One  halfe  of  ye  Stock  of  Hoggs,  wch  was  valued  at  7  Is..  06. 

cod. 03  13  00 

One  half  of  ye  same  &  5  Is.  of  hoppes 01  00  00 

2yi  bush,  of  peasse  at  3s.  p  •. 00  07  06 

One  halfe  of  a  p'cell  of  Virginia  Soft  Sope 00  01  04 

One  .half  of  a  Small  p'cell  of  salt 00  01  06 

One  half  of  six  tanned  hides,  being  valued  at  42d 01  or  00 

I  old  Cart  &  Wheels  &  old  Horse  Geere 00  12  00 

31  II  8J 
For  Martha  Jefferson,  Vis: 

I  feather  bed.  Bolster  and  Pillow  gt.,  84  lop  03  10  00 

I  Rugg  blanket,  Bedstead  Cord  &  Hide 01  10  00 

I  fflock-bed,  Rugg  Blanket,  2  feather  pillows,  Bedstead  Hide 

&  Cord 02  15  00 

I  Chest,  I  pr.  wt.  Lin.  Sheetes,  2  pillow  biers 01  09  00 


NOTES  AND   QUERIES.  *  211 

I  Pr.  Canvis  Sheetes oo  06  00 

1  Canvis  Pillow  bier,  lod.;  i  Canvis  Sheete 00  03  10 

Brought  Over 09  13  10 

6  old  Canvis  Napkins,  i2d.;  i  old  Canvis  Table  Cloth,  8d. . .  00  01  08 

2  old  wt.  Towells,  is.  6d.;  4  old  diaper  Napkins,  at  $6.  p.,  i;8  00  03  02 
10  old  Virg'a  Cloth  Napkins,  at  4d.  Each,  3 ;  4  p.  Very  old 

table  Cloths 00  03  06 

I  Rusha  Leather  Chaire,  7s.  6d.  q.  15 ;  i  Chest,  5s 01  00  00 

I  Horse,  4  years  old 02  10  00 

15  pd.  new  pewter  at  124-,  15;  2}4  Is.  old  pewter  at  6d.,  1:1 . .  00  16  00 

8  New  plates  at  13d.  p.;  2  old  plates  at  6d.  p 00  09  00 

4  New  Alkamy  Spoones  at  2d.  p.;  i  brass  candlestick,  i2d. .  00  01  10 

I  Tin  Candlestick,  4d. ;  i  fowling  piece,  isd 00  15  04 

I  Parcell  of  old  Cap'ter  tooles 00  11  00 

I  Jugg,  6d. ;  I  Chamber  pott,  rod.;  i  porenger,  4d.;  i  Bason 

&  I  Mugg  Earth'ware 00  02  05 

I  Brass  broken  Morter  and  pestle 00  01  00 

I  Brass  Lamp,  5s. ;  2  old  Small  Chests,  2s 00  07  00 

I  p'r  Small  Stilliards 00  04  00 

I  p'rcell  of  ox  Geering  top  Rings  &  Staples 00  07  00 

I  Hatchett,  los 00  10  00 

I  Carrabine  &  Belt  Pistolls,  Sadies  and  Catuse  Box  (all  old) .  02  10  00 

I  pyed  old  Cow  and  frosted  heifer  4  years  old 02  10  00 

I  Bull  four  years  old 01  05  00 

I  Red  heifer  2  years  old,  15s.;  i  heifer  yearling,  8s 01  03  00 

I  ox  chaine,  i2ls.  at  3d.  p 00  03  00 

I  Pewter  salt  and  porringer 00  02  06 

1  Great  Iron  pott,  bis,  i  do.,  i2}i\s. 00  11  05 

2  p'r  pott  hookes  at  8d 00  01  04 

I  Earth  Salt 00  00  04 

26  05  06 
The  Appraisers  hereunto  sub- 
scribed   were    swome    to    this  Fra:  Epes, 
appriz'm't  according  to  order  of          Jno.  Worsham, 

Court .  Tho.  Edwards, 

p.  Peter  Fields,  Joseph  Tanner. 

1697. 

The  Totall  of  ye  widow  &  Ex'x  of  ye  dec*d  in  this  Inven- 
tory      39  19  04 

The  totall  of  Thomas  Jefferson,  Jun*r,  is 31  11  08 >^ 

The  totall  of  Martha  Jefferson  is 26  05  06 

/97  16  06}^ 


212   *  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Upon  Equall  division  between  the  three  persons  Each  part  is  32IS. 
1 25.  2d.,  w'ch  amounts  to  ye  totall  of  this  Inventory. 

An  Acc*tt  of  ye  Crop  of  Tob'cos — Virginia. 
The  whole  Crop  of  Tob'a  belonging  to  this  Estate  is  neat 3995 

The  Estate  of  Thomas  Jefferson,  Dec*d,  is  d*r  in  Tob'cos,  Viz't: 

To  Mr.  Jno.  Worsham  SherTfor  series  of  Rents,  fees,  &c 698 

To  DoctV  Bonman  for  Phisick 60 

The  Crop  of  Indian  Corn 
is  22  barrels. 

The  Estate  of  Thomas  Jefferson, dec* d,  is  D*r  to  Mony  Acco't  viz't: 

£s.  d. 

To  Walter  Scott,  p.  bill i  17  06 

To  ffra  Cates,  p.  bill 30000 

To  phill  Turpin 00400 

'i  o  Ja.  Branch 00800 

To  Ann  Caraway  and  Mary  Harris,  p.  will  for  Rings i  00  00 

To  Benj.  Branch  for  a  Mutton  for  the  funerall o  10  00 

To  SamMl  Branch  for  Making  ye  Coffin o  10  00 

To  Plank  for  ye  Coffin o  02  06 


7  14  06 
The  Estate  C'r  pr.  Mony,  viz't : 

By  James  Jubiter 2  12  06 

By  Cap't  \Vm.  Randolph i  09  09 

By  Mr.  Jno.  Washam o  08  10 

By  Robert  Graw i  0000 

By  Jno.  ffaile o  11  00 


6  02  01 
The  estate  is  Dr.  to  Ballance i  12  05 


/7  14  06 
Octo. 

Henrico  County,  Octo    ye  ist,  1698,  presented  to  the  Court  by  the 
Execu'x  of  the  Decd't  and  Recorded  by  Ord'r  of  Court,    p. 

James  Cocke, 

CI.  Cur. 


BOOK    REVIEWS.  213 


Book  Reviews. 

Barons  of  the   Potomac   and  Rappahannock.— By  Moncure  D. 
Conway. 

• 

Mr.  Conway  has  been  so  fortunate  in  his  choice  of  subjects  for  his- 
torical and  biographical  treatment,  and  so  industrious  and  successful 
in  collecting  material  (frequently  before  unknown),  that  it  is  an  unplea- 
sant task  to  find  fault  with  him,  but  for  some  time  past  the  pleasure 
and  profit  we  have  derived  from  his  writings  has  been  so  mingled  with 
uneasiness  and  lack  of  confidence— grown  more  pronounced  since  an 
examination  of  his  latest  work,  published  for  the  Grolier  Club — that 
we  think  it  may  now  be  of  service  to  call  attention  to  some  of  the 
causes  of  this  feeling  on  our  part. 

It  is  true  that  it  may  be  said  that  the  mistakes  made  by  Mr.  Conway 
are  in  minor  matters;  but  there  are  many  minor  matters  in  **The 
Barons  of  the  Potomac  and  Rappahannock,"  his  latest  work,  and  the 
strictest  accuracy  is  all  that  can  give  them  any  value.  We  propose, 
therefore,  to  notice  the  instances  in  which  an  examination  of  authori- 
ties leads  us  to  believe  him  to  be  guilty  of  carelessness  or  ignorancef 
and  as  the  volume  is  little  accessible  to  the  public  we  shall  qaote  at 
some  length. 

'*  But  there  were  many  parishes  in  which  no  tobacco  could  be  culti- 
vated, and  these  were  left  entirely  without  ministrations  of  the  Estab- 
lished Church."    Page  5. 

It  is  true  that  in  all  portions  of  Virginia  there  was  frequent  lack  of 
ministers  ;  but  an  examination  of  Meade  will  show  that  no  section  was 
ever  so  entirely  deserted  by  the  Church  as  is  here  stated.  The  Gen- 
eral Assembly  passed  acts  *'  to  allow  persons  not  concerned  in  making 
tobacco  to  pay  their  levies  and  officers'  fees  in  money,"  *  (including 
especially  parish  levies),  and  making  the  same  provisions  in  the  cases 
of  specified  counties  and  parishes.! 

"  Poor  Spotswood  lost  his  place  in  1722,  retreated  to  Annapolis,  Md., 
and  passed  the  remaining  eighteen  years  of  his  life  as  a  prosaic  Post- 
master-General."   Page  24. 

The  editor  of  the  Virginia  Historical  Collections,  New  Series,  after  a 
careful  study  of  Spotswood's  life,  says  {Spotswood  Letters,  I,  xiii),  that 
**at  this  place  [Germanna]  he  resided  after  his  retirement "  in  1722. 
And  instead  of  spending  all  of  his  life  prosaically  at  Annapolis,  he 
was,  in  1724,  engaged  in  what  is  not  generally  considered  *'  prosaic  " 
business,  for  in  that  year  he  was  in  England  and  was  married.     Later, 


•  Hening,  VIII,  168. 
^Tbid,  V,  80. 


214  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

too,  he  was  certainly  not  at  Annapolis,  as  it  was  at  Gennanna  that  the 
visit  was  made  to  the  Governor,  his  wife  and  "  Miss  Thecky,"  which 
has  been  so  pleasantly  described  by  Colonel  Byrd. 

**  I  found  *  *  that  the  ancient  mansion  of  the  Fauntleroys  *  * 
near  the  site  of  that  superb  mansion  *  *  stands  now  a  frame  house, 
plebian  enough  to  make  the  great  cavalier,  Moore  Fauntleroy,  turn 
over  in  his  srfave  "    Page  94. 

A  close  examination  in  various  directions,  and  especially  of  the 
county  records,  shows  that  there  were  never  any  "  superb  mansions  " 
in  Colonial  Virginia.  These  records  give  most  abundant  evidence  in 
the  shape  of  inventories,  where  the  various  rooms  in  a  house,  in  which 
the  property  is  placed,  are  designated. 

It  appears  that  until  about  the  year  1700,  there  were  but  few  brick 
houses  built,  and  that  the  usual  size  of  the  houses  of  planters,  of 
substantial  means,  and  social  and  political  consequence,  was  six  or 
seven  rooms.  The  very  wealthy  men  (comparatively  speaking)  had 
houses  somewhat  larger ;  but  it  is  believed  that  none  of  the  greatest 
houses  in  Virginia,  such  as  Rosewell,  Rosegill,  Stratford,  Westover 
or  Blandfield,  had  more  than  from  fifteen  to  seventeen  rooms.  These 
houses  were  exceedingly  well  built,  and,  in  many  instances,  portions 
of  the  interior  fitted  up  in  a  costly  and  handsome  manner,  furnished, 
probably,  as  well  as  the  houses  of  the  country  gentry  of  this  period  in 
England  ;  but  while  they  can  be  truthfully  styled  fine  and  suitable,  it  is 
mere  extravagance  to  speak  of  them  as  *' superb  mansions."  Could 
Mr.  Conway  use  much  stronger  terms  for  Chatsworth  or  Burleigh  ? 

Not  long  ago  an  instance  of  this  style  of  description  was  brought  to 
the  test  of  the  facts,  and  the  ratio  between  the  tradition  and  the  truth 
shown.  In  a  memoir  of  Admiral  Ralph  Randolph  Wormeley,of  the  Brit- 
ish Navy,  but  of  a  Virginia  family,  the  authors  state  that  the  old  residence 
of  the  Admiral's  family,  "  Rosegill,"  Middlesex  county,  contained,  be- 
sides other  large  apartments,  thirty  bed  rooms.^  Now  in  Middlesex 
there  still  remains  on  record  the  inventory,  dated  1701,  of  Ralph 
Wormeley,  Esq.,  President  of  the  Council  and  Secretary  of  State,  who 
was  one  of  the  wealthiest  and  most  influential  men  in  Virginia,!  and  it 
shows  that  the  rooms  then  in  the  Rosegill  house  were  "  the  parlor/* 
"the  Chamber,"  " the  Chamber  over  said  Chamber,"  **  the  Chamber 
over  the  Parlor,"  "  the  Nursery,"  **  the  room  over  the  Ladye's  Cham- 
ber," "  the  Ladies  Chamber,"  "  the  entry,"  and  "  Madam  Wormeley 's 
Closet,"  {  nine  in  all,  besides  kitchen,  dairy,  &c. 


•  Recollections  of  Rear  Admiral  Ralph  Randolph  fVormeley,  New  York,  1879.  This 
work  is,  however,  not  by  a  Virginian. 

t"  They  [the  trustees  of  William  and  Mary  College]  had  struggled  with  the  greatest 
man  in  the  colony,  Mr.  Secretary  Wormeley."  Hartwell,  Blair  and  Chelton's  Present 
Slat*  of  Vip;ffinia.     London,  1699. 

X  Closet,  a  small  room  for  privacy  and  retirement.— Johnson. 


BOOK   REVIEWS.  215 

In  the  same  passage  Mr.  Conway  calls  Moore  Fauntleroy  a  "great  cav- 
alier.'* Why  so.^  He  was  a  gentleman  of  an  old  and  respectable  English 
family;*  but  we  have  seen  no  evidence  as  to  his  politics.  If  so  great  a  cava- 
lier, why  come  to  Virginia  in  1641  instead  of  remaining,  as  one  would 
have  supposed  a  "great  cavalier'*  would  have  done,  and  drawn  sword 
for  the  King  in  the  struggle  so  evidently  approaching  ?  Indeed,  if  we 
siiould  judge  by  the  preferences  of  his  near  kinsmen,  who  remained 
in  England,  we  might  suppose  that  he  was  a  Parliamentarian  in  sym- 
pathy, for,  from  the  account  of  the  family,!  we  learn  that  the  English 
members  of  the  Fauntleroy  were,  from  the  Restoration  at  least,  dis- 
senters. 

We  frequently  hear  *' Virginia  Cavaliers"  used  in  a  way  indicating 
an  imperfect  knowledge  of  the  state  of^ffairs  in  the  Colony.  If  by 
the  expression  is  meant  that  the  great  majority  of  Viirginians  were 
heartily  loyal,  it  is  correct;  but  the  very  fact  of  this  great  majority  is 
an  argument  against  drawing  any  deductions  as  to  the  social  ranki  of 
the  loyalists.  Most  of  the  people  were  of  this  party,  therefore  ^11 
grades  and  conditions  of  people.  But  if  the  talk  of  "  Virginia  Cava- 
liers '*  indicates  an  idea  that  most  of  the  Virginia  gentry  were  de- 
scended from  men  of  high  rank,  who  had  adhered  to  the  King's  side 
and  afterwards  emigrated  to  Virginia,  it  is  assuredly  incorrect.  Some 
members  of  distinguished  families,  a  considerable  number  of  the  minor 
gentrv,  as  well  as  persons  of  the  lower  ranks,  after  the  success  of  a 
party  which  they  believed  to  be  composed  of  rebels  and  traitors,  came 
to  Virginia,  finding  here  a  warm  welcome,  and  leaving  many  descend- 
ants. 

"  One  may  speculate,  had  George  Washington  then  married  and  be- 
come master  of  Fauntleroy  House.**    Page  95. 

Speculation  is  useless  in  this  case,  as  Miss  Betsy  had  seven  half-broth- 
ers (Fauntleroy)  and  two  sisters.  If  the  father  of  the  fair  lady  had  died 
before  the  Revolution,  the  bulk  of  the  estate  would  have  gone  to  the 
eldest  brother;  but,  in  fact,  the  father  did  not  die  until  1793,  when  in 
his  eightieth  year.J 

♦"The  Fauntleroy  Family,"  Wallace's  Historical  Magazine,  July,  1891,  p.  i,  et  scq., 
derived  from  family  records,  wills,  Hutchins'  History  of  Dorset,  &c. 

\ Ibid.  See  also  Pepys,  under  date  November  16,  1660,  where  he  says:  "In  the  Hall 
[Westminster]  I  met  with  Mr.  Fontleroy,  my  old  acquaintance  whom  I  have  not  seen 
for  a  long  time,  and  he  and  I  to  the  Swan,  and  in  the  discourse,  he  seems  to  be  wise 
and  say  little,  though  I  know  things  are  changed  against  his  mind,"  (/.  e.,  the  Resto- 
ration). 

J  *'  Fauntleroy  Family,"  pp.  6,  15.  Col.  Wm.  Fauntleroy,  of  "  Naylors  Hole,"  [not 
^* Fauntleroy  Hfyuse^^''\  was  bom  1713  and  died  1793,  and  his  eldest  daughter  Elizabeth 
was  bom  June  26th,  1736.  In  his  will  he  confines  his  gifts  to  his  sons,  gives  to  three 
of  them  land,  and  to  two  more  and  to  his  daughters  personal  property.  Only  the 
portion  of  a  wealthy  planter's  daughter,  j^soo  to  ;^2,ooo,  would  Washington  have  got- 
ten. 


216  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

"  Why  should  not  Wakefield  [the  birthplace  of  Washington]  have 
been  a  grand  place  ?*'    Page  96. 

Because  money  was  scarce  and  building  costly. 
"  Duels  about  sweethearts  were  not  infrequent "  [in  Colonial  Vir- 
ginia].   Page  123 

Mr.  Conway  would  furnish  an  interesting  paper  if  he  would  publish 
an  account  of  these  duels  he  has  discovered.  *A  number  of  other  per- 
sons, who  have  thought  they  knew  some  little  about  ColoniaJ  history, 
have  been  struck  by  the  total  absence  of  any  notices  of  duelling ;  from 
the  affair  between  Stephens  and  Harrison,  in  the  time  of  the  company 
to  the  Revolution,  and  have  suggested  military  customs  introduced  by 
a  long  war;  and  French  influence,  as  the  origin  of  the  appeals  to  "the 
code,"  which  were  so  freqtlent  and  deadly  among  Virginians  from 
about  1790  uritil  a  time  not  long  since  past. 

The  fact  is,  that  while  our  records  mention  a  few— very  few— chal- 
lenges, so  far  as  they  show  or  as  can  be  learned  from  other  sources,  no 
duel  was  fought  in  the  Colonial  period  about  wives  or  sweethearts,  or 
anyone  else. 

"  When  Admiral  Vernon  was  fitting  out  in  England  his  hostile  expe- 
dition to  South  America  *  *  The  belligerent  feeling  [in  Virginia] 
was  especially  aroused  by  tidings  that  Harry  Beverley  and  other  Vir- 
ginians had  been  confined  by  the  Spaniards."    Page  25. 

News  travelled  slowly  in  those  days,  but  it  did  not,  even  then,  take 
twenty-three  years  to  come  from  the  West  Indies  to  Virginia.  Captain 
Harry  Beverley  and  the  party  under  his  command  were  captured  in 
1 7 17  {Spotswood  Letters^  II,  245),  and  Vernon  was  beaten  before  Cartha- 
gena  in  1742. 

"In^the  same  year  [1736]  was  established  the  first  of  the  free 
schools    *    *    the  Eaton  Free  School  in  Elizabeth  City."    Page  137- 

Benjamin  Symmes  established  a  free  school  in  Elizabeth  City  county 
in  1634.*  There  is  evidence  in  the  Elizabeth  City  records  (partially  de- 
stroyed) of  the  existence  of  the  Eaton  School,  referred  to,  prior  to 
1689 ;  t  Henry  Peasley  established  a  free  school  in  Gloucester  in  1675;  X 
Governor  Nicholson  another  at  York  town,  1695  ;  §  William  Horton  in 
Westmoreland,||  and  Rev.  John  Farnefold,*f  in  Northumberland,  before 
1 7 10,  and  Samuel  Sanford,**  in  Accomac,  17 10. 


*  Hmins^y  VI,  389. 

t  Elizabeth  City  County  Records,  cited  in   IP  illiam  and  Ma*-y  College  Quarterly  His- 
torical Papers,  }w\y^  1893,  p.  64, 

Xl/etiing,  VII,  41. 

j>  York  County  Records,  cited  in  IVilliam  and  Mary  Quarterly^  Julyi  1893,  p.  17. 

Perry's  Historical  Collections  of  American  Church,  292. 
^  **  John  Famefold,  clerk,  by  his  last  will  gave  one  hundred  acres  for  ye  use  of  a  Free 
School."    Patent  to  Famefold  Nutt,  Northern  Neck  Land  Book,  iV,  31. 
•*  Meade,  I,  265. 


BOOK     REVIEWS.  217 

'^  Soon  after  Bacon's  Rebellion  (1676)  a  hundred  English  girls  emi- 
^ated  to  Virginia.  *  *  One  of  these  married  a  Fitzhugh."    Page  131. 

This  is  an  inaccurate  reproduction  of  a  tradition  given  by  George 
Fitzhugh  in  De  Bow's  Review.  Genealogical  traditions  are  generally 
false;  but  however  it  may  be  in  this  case,  Fitzhugh  states  that  Henry 
Fitzhugh  married  a  Miss  Cooke,  of  Gloucester  (which  is  correct),  and 
that  there  was  a  tradition  that  her  mother  was  one  of  the  women  sent 
over  to  be  wives  to  the  Colonists.  Further  on  Mr.  Conway  quotes 
George  Fitzhugh  correctly  (as  to  this  matter),  which  he  has  forgotten 
to  do  here.  It  is  to  be  desired  that  Mr.  Conway  will  give  his  authority 
for  his  statement  in  regard  to  girls  sent  here  for  wives  after  1676. 

•*  A  gentleman  of  Fredericksburg  writes  me  '  I  have  a  pedigree  of  the 
Carters  of  Shirley,  through  the  Spotswood  tree,  going  back  in  a  straight 
line  to  Adam  and  Eve — not  a  missing  link.* "    Page  134. 

Mr.  Conway's  correspondent  can  also,  after  he  traces  the  Spotswood 
ancestry  back  to  Scotch  and  English  kings,  find,  in  the  old  chronicles, 
pedigrees  without  a  missing  link,  which  will  enable  him  to  carry  the 
line  batk  to  Thor  and  Woden.  To  be  more  exact  in 'regard  to  this 
important  matter,  we  have  made  a  careful  investigation,  and  find  that 
Anne  Hill  Carter,  the  mother  of  General  R.  E.  Lee,  was  forty-first  in 
descent  from  the  chief  of  the  Scandinavian  gods.  But  why  should 
Mr.  Conway's  correspondent  confine  the  honors  of  celestial  and  ante- 
luvian  ancestory  to  the  Carters?  But  one  branch  of  this  most  respect- 
able and  numerous  family  are  descended  from  the  Spotswoods,  whose 
many  representatives  of  other  names  should  surely  be  allowed  to  share 
in  the  gratification  to  be  derived  from  such  descent. 

*•  In  1849  Mr.  Colin  Clarke,  of  Richmond  city,  was  residing  in  the 
superb  colonial  mansion  Warner  Hall  *  *  surpassed  all  others  as  a 
monument  of  the  wealth  and  culture  which  transplanted  scions  of  great 
English  houses,  to  produce  a  more  glorious  Gloucestershire  than  any 
in  England.  It  had  twenty-six  rooms  *  *  hall  *  ♦  drawing 
rooms  hung  with  ancestral  portraits  *  *  It  was  built  by  the  first 
of  the  Lewis  family,  according  to  a  family  tradition,  in  1635."    Page 

144. 
This  passage  appears  to  have  as  many  errors  as  lines.     First  as  to 

Warner  Hall ;  a  gentleman,  a  native  and  long  resident  of  Gloucester 

county,  who  recollects  the  old  Warner  Hall  house,  says  he  is  sure  it 

had  no  more  than  sixteen  or  eighteen  rooms.    It  may  have  been  built 

by  the  first  of  the  Lewis  family  (who  by  the  way  is  nominis  umbrae 

only  vouched  for  by  tradition);  but  it  was  most  certainly  not  built  in 

1635.    At  that  date  there  was  hardly  a  settler  within  the  limits  of  the 

present  county,  and  the  building  of  such  a  house  as  Warner  Hall  was 

an  impossibility. 

As  we  have  before  urged,  and  as  we  believe  all  genealogists  having 

any  competent  acquaintance    with  the   subject  will  agree,   but  few 


218  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL    MAGAZINE. 

"  scions  of  great  English  houses  "  came  to  any  of  the  colonies.  Glou- 
cester, the  county  under  consideration,  has  always  been  distinguished 
in  Virginia  as  the  residence  of  a  large  number  of  families  of  wealth, 
education  and  good  birth  ;  but  in  only  a  few  instances  are  they  de- 
scended from  "great  houses,"  even  of  the  English  gentry.  The  fami- 
lies of  Wyatt,  Peyton  and  Throckmorton  are  perhaps  the  only  ones  de- 
rived from  English  houses  of  historic  note ;  but  they  were  never,  in 
Virginia,  as  eminent  for  large  estates  and  political  influence  as  others 
in  the  same  county  whose  English  ancestry  is  of  much  less  distinction. 
Next,  as  known  descendants  of  the  minor  gentry,  were  the  families  of 
Page,  Burwell,  Lightfoot  (the  immigrant  was  son  of  a  barrister  and 
grandson  of  a  rector),  and  Clayton  (from  a  London  family  which  was 
of  some  distinction  in  the  city  and  in  the  army  and  traced  to  the  coun- 
try gentry).  Other  leading  names  of  the  county,  nothing  certain  in 
regard  to  whose  English  ancestry  is  known.*  were  Kemp  (who  were 
probably  of  the  family  of  baronets  of  Gissing  Hall),  Lewis  (to  whom 
one  pedigree  in  print — others  do  not — gives  a  long  line  of  Welsh  ances- 
try), Warner,  Smith,  Armistead,  Gwynne,  Robins,  Dudley,  Taliaferro, 
Thornton,  Tabb,  Whiting,  Willis,  Booth  (whose  former  estate  is  named 
Dunham-Massey),  Todd,  Cooke,  Fox  and  others.  These  families  were, 
like  those  of  the  ruling  class  in  other  counties,  doubtless  derived  from 


•When  we  say  "  not  known  "  we  do  not  mean  to  affirm  that  the  families  named  have 
not  in  each  instance  full  and  authentic  proofs  of  their  English  ancestr>-,  but  only  that  we 
are  acquainted  with  none  such  in  print  or  in  public  records.  There  are  many  obstacles 
in  the  way  of  making  any  general  statement.  To  within  a  few  years  but  little  critical 
investigation  of  Virginia  genealogy  had  been  made,  and  Meade  contained  allihut  was  in 
print.  And  even  in  genealogies  which  have  been  published  since  his  time  eflfort  has  but 
seldom  been  made  to  trace  back  beyond  the  immigrant.  Thousands  have  been  spent  by 
Northern  families  in  research  among  the  Eng^lish  archives  of  various  classes,  where  dol- 
lars (perhaps  cents  were  the  better  proportion)  have  been  spent  by  Virginians.  To  the 
Virginia  gentleman  of  ante-bellum  days  the  quality  of  his  ancestry  was  a  fact  too  well 
established  to  himself  and  his  acquaintances  for  him  to  think  that  any  investigation  was 
necessary,  while  later  the  poverty  of  the  people,  which  has  perhaps  turned  their  atten- 
tion to  the  study  of  family  history,  and  thus  caused  a  more  critical  spirit  as  to  facts,  has 
likewise  prevented  them,  except  in  a  few  instances,  from  undertaking  the  costly  and 
laborious  researches  generally  necessary  to  establish,  with  full  proofs,  a  line  here  and  in 
Europe.  To  the  difficultie.*;,  too,  caused  by  the  destruction  of  many  records,  public  and 
private,  has  been  added  that  caused  by  the  wide  dispersion  througholt  the  country  of 
members  of  the  old  families,  who  have  divided  and  carried  with  them  mr^y  valuable  evi- 
dences, such  as  family  Bibles,  letters,  diaries,  portraits,  &c.  To  give  an  Instance  of  such 
dispersion  it  may  be  mentioned  that  the  material  for  the  genealog>'  of  Gloucester  family, 
with  the  result  of  undoubted  proof  of  English  descent,  was  within  the  laslyear  gathered 
from  this  State,  West  Virginia,  Kentucky,  New  York,  Texas,  and  Soiaerset  House, 
London. 

Within  tlie  last  few  years,  however,  much  valuable  work  has  been  doi,e  on  the  right 
lines,  but  the  foreign  ancestry  of  Virginia  families  yet  remains  largely  ;9i  unexplored 
and  most  interesting  field  for  research . 

A  considerable  number  of  Virginia  families  (and  probably  there  are  m^re  not  made 
public)  have  always  preserved  full  and  indubitable'  proofs  of  their  Engl  jh  or  Scotch 
ancestrv. 


BOOK    REVIEWS.  219 

ancestors  of  various  ranks  and  professions— -members  of  the  country 
gentry,  merchants  and  tradesmen  and  their  sons  and  relatives,  and  occa- 
sionally a  minister,  a  physician,  a  lawyer  or  a  captain  in  the  merchant 
service.  We  have  gone  over  this  list  of  names  to  endeavor  to  give 
some  idea  of  the  components  of  a  fair  example  of  the  A^irginia  gentry 
(by  **  gentry ''  we  mean,  without  regard  to  foreign  ancestry,  the  ruling 
class  politically  and  socially),  and  in  how  small  a  proportion  any- 
thing is  as  yet  known  as  to  the  ancestry  of  the  immigrant. 

"  Nor  can  I  discover  an  instance  in  which  any  old  mansion  or  his- 
toric edifice  in  Virginia  was  destroyed  by  Northern  armies."    Page  146. 

We  have  made  no  investigation  of  this  subject,  but  recall,  as  instances, 
William  and  Mary  College.  True  it  had  been  burnt  in  1859,  but  the 
original  walls  were  still  standing  when  rebuilt.  The  White  House — 
home  of  Mrs.  Washington;  Barnesfield,  the  old  residence  of  the 
Hooe  family  on  the  Potomac,  in  King  George  county,  and  Acquia 
Church  in  Stafford.  Perhaps  it  was  only  the  interior  of  this  church  that 
was  torn  to  pieces ;  but  other  outrages,  as  ine.xcusable,  were  committed 
there,  for  in  the  Alexandria  Gazelie,  a  few  years  ago,  a  writer,  evi- 
dently well  informed,  stated  that,  after  the  war,  Federal  soldiers  from 
New  Jersey  sent  back  to  the  late  John  Carroll  Brent,  of  Washington,  D. 
C,  copper  plates,  with  epitaphs,  which  had  been  dug  out  of  the  tombs 
of  the  Brents  at  this  Church. 

"  A  precisely  similar  sale  of  bricks  has  also  overtaken  Eltham  [in  New 
Kent].'*     Page  148. 

As  Eltham  was  destroyed  by  fire  about  1870,  perhaps  nothing  better 
could  be  done  with  the  bricks. 

Except  as  far  as  all  Colonial  officials  were  English  officers,  there  is 
nothing  to  show  that  Colonel  Augustine  Warner,  Sr.,  of  the  Council, 
was  an  "  English  officer,"  as  stated  on  page  150;  nor  is  it  correct  that 
the  portrait  of  his  son,  Augustine  Warner,  Speaker  of  the  House  of 
Burgesses,  is  at  Rosewell.  It  has  been  for  several  years  in  the  Virginia 
State  Library,  where  it  was  temporarily  deposited  by  the  owner. 

'•  The  first  Virginian  of  the  name  was  General  Robert  Lewis  *  *  * 
The  buildmg  of  the  mansion,  afterwards  called  Warner  Hall,  attribu- 
ted to  this  General  Robert  Lewis,  who  in  1650,  received  a  grant  of 
33.333 >^  acres  in  Gloucester."     Page  151. 

We  have  already  spoken  of  Robert  Lewis  His  rank  as  general  is 
exceedingly  problematical,  and  the  statement  as  to  the  large  grant 
(which  has  been  several  times  in  print,  and  Mr.  Conway  only  adopts) 
is  absolutely  false.  As  the  tomb  of  Augustine  Warner  is  at  Warner 
Hall,  and  as  John  Lewis  married  his  daughter  and  co-heiress,  it  seems 
probable  that  the  house  was  built  by  the  Warners. 

Mr.  Conway  mentions  that  a  Howell  Lewis  appears  in  a  list  of  the 
gentry  of  England,  in  1673,  and  appears  to  think  it  a  striking  coinci- 
dence that  a  person  of  the  same  name  is  included  in  the  Virginia 


220  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL    MAGAZINE. 

family,  apparently  unaware  of  the  fact  that  in  Wales  each  name  is 
almost  as  numerous  as  John  and  Smith  in  other  countries. 

"Lucy  Armistead,  *  *  *  one  of  the  great  Darmstadt  family. 
They  called  their  mansion  after  the  country  from  which  they  emi- 
grated. *  Hesse,*  but  changed  their  name  to  *Armistead.' "    Page  164. 

There  is  certainly  an  old  and  widely- spread  tradition  among  the 
Armisteads  that  they  were  from  Hesse  Darmstadt,  and  formerly  bore 
the  name  of  their  native  country  ;  but  if  there  is  any  truth  at  all  in 
this  tradition,  it  relates  to  a  time  (as  one  branch  of  the  family  has  pre- 
served it)  before  they  were  settled  in  England.  The  name  has  been 
"Armistead  "  from  the  first  immigration  to  Virginia  of  Wm.  Armistead, 
about  1634,  and  it  is,  or  was,  found  in  several  counties  in  England, 
while  the  arms  of  the  Virginia  family  (as  exemplified  by  a  pre-Revo- 
lutionary  book  plate)  differ  only  in  small  details  from  a  coat  given  by 
Burke. 

It  appears,  from  a  letter  by  Warner  Lewis,  printed  by  Mr.  Conway, 
that  the  original  Armistead  estate  in  Gloucester  bore  the  name  '*  Hes- 
se "  as  early  as  1765.  It  is  frequently  difficult  to  discover,  from  au- 
thoritative sources,  how  long  names  of  Virginia  estates  have  been 
borne.  From  recollection  of  various  records,  we  would  think  that 
those  of  longest  duration  are  derived  from  creeks,  necks,  points, 
and  such  other  natural  features  (bearing  names  either  given  by  the 
aborigines  or  the  early  settlers)  and  from  localities  with  names  by  the 
same,  as  "Turkey  Island,"  "Richneck."  "Blunt  Point,"  "Queen's 
Creek,"  **  Four  Mile  Tree,"  "  Weyanoke  ";  or  from  some  such  words, 
with  the  name  of  an  early  settler  prefixed,  as  **Jordan*s  Point," 
"  Pope's  Creek  ";  or  where  the  simple  possessive  of  a  family  name 
(by  which  farms  are  now  commonly  known)  has,  in  course  of  time, 
been  abbreviated  into  a  place-name,  as  "Sheffield,'*  in  Chesterfield, 
long  the  home  of  the  Ward  family,  which  was,  about  1620,  the  resi- 
dence of  Thomas  Sheffield;  and  "  Maycox,"  in  Prince  George,  deriv- 
ing its  name  from  an  early  member  of  the  Council.  The  class  of  names 
which  did  not  originate  in  common  usage,  but  were  deliberately  se- 
lected and  given,  appear  (though  this  is  not  a  universal  rule,  and  in- 
formation is  too  scant  to  make  positive  statements)  to  have  come  later. 
Such  were  "  Ditchley  "  and  "Stratford,"  "Boxley"  (Wyatt,  in  Glou- 
cester), "Craundair*  (Fauntleroy,  in  Richmond  county),  "Isleham" 
(Peyton,  in  Gloucester),  "Bedford"  (Fitzhugh,  in  King  George), 
"Prestwould"  (Skipwith,  in  Mecklenburg),  and  *' Chelsea"  (More,  in 
King  William).  Such  names  as  "Marlborough,"  "Blenheim,"  "Sara- 
toga," and  *'  Waterloo  "  tell  their  own  history.  Before  we  return  from 
this  long  digression  into  which  "  Hesse  "  has  led  us,  we  wish  to  inquire 
if  any  one  can  tell  why  the  name  '*  Marmion  "  was  given,  certainly  a 
number  of  years  prior  to  the  Revolution,  to  a  seat  of  the  Fitzhughs 
in  King  George  county  ? 


BOOK     REVIEWS.  221 

*•  Ralph  Wormeley,  who  had  lost  his  ladv  (Sarah  Berkeley),  succeeded 
in  his  suit  for  the  hand  of  Miss  Bowles  *  *  *  became  a  famous 
member  of  the  Council  and  stood  by  his  oath  of  loyalty  at  the  cost  of 
home  and  happiness/'    Page  165. 

The  Ralph  Wormeley,  who  *  Most  his  lady  "  (Sarah  Berkeley),*  and 
won  the  hand  of  Miss  Bowles,  was  not  the  one  who,  as  a  Tory,  was 
confined  to  certain  limits  in  Berkeley  and  Frederick  counties  by  the 
Convention,  and  subjected  to  other  troubles,  riotous  mobs,  &c.;  but 
was  the  father  of  that  person,  who  was  Ralph  Wormeley,  Junior. 
Neither  did  loyalty  cost  father  or  son  a  home,  for  the  former  died  in 
Virginia  in  i786,t  and  the  latter  was  a  member  of  the  House  of  Dele- 
gates from  Middlesex  after  the  Revolution  (1787,  1790),  and  of  the  Vir- 
ginia Convention  of  1788;  and  was  Ralph  Wormeley  of  **  Rosegill," 
when  he  died,  January  19th,  i8od.| 

We  will,  however,  grant  Mr.  Conway  some  of  the  unhappiness,  for 
besides  the  threatening  mobs  of  patriots  in  Berkeley,  which  Mr.  Worme- 
ley says  endangered  his  life,  the  crew  of  a  British  privateer  landed  at 
"  Rosegill  "  in  June,  178 1,  and  robbed  the  family  of  the  plate,  their 
watches  and  wearing  apparel,  and  carried  off  thirty -six  fine  slaves.  J 

On  page  166  is  a  letter  from  Warner  Lewis  to  Lawrence  Washington 
(dated  in  Virginia  1747),  in  which  the  writer  says :  **  Before  I  sail  (w*ch 
will  be  in  June)  if  there  should  be  anything  in  England  that  I  can  be 
of  servis  to  you  *  *  *  I  should  be  glad  to  see  you  at  Bath,  being 
well  convinced  that  nothing  would  be  more  beneficial  to  your  health.'' 
As  Lewis  is  about  going  to  England  it  appears  most  probable  that  the 
Bath  at  which  he  wished  to  meet  Washington,  was  not  the  Berkeley 
Springs,  Virginia  (as  Mr.  Conway  supposes),  but  the  famous  health  re- 
sort in  England.  It  is  doubtful  whether  at  this  early  period  the  former 
was  visited  by  invalids  from  Eastern  Virginia.  The  History  of  the 
Lower  Shenandoah  Valley  (page  243)  speaks  of  the  place  as  *'a  locality 
spoken  of  as  early  as  1760  or  before." 

"  In  the  Revolution  there  was  not  one  Tory  known  on  the  Rappa- 
hannock. Its  ancient  and  proud  Barons  all  threw  themselves  into  the 
cause  of  independence.*'    Page  174. 

To  this  it  may  be  answered  that  among  Rappahannock  people  were 
Ralph  Wormeley,  Jr.,  already  noticed,  his  brother  James,  who  went  to 
England  at  the  beginning  of  the  war;||  another  brother  John,  who 
served  as  an  oflicer  in  the  English  army  in  the  South,  and  who,  when 
he  was  allowed  to  return  to  Virginia  in  1783,  was  disfranchised  for  four 


•She  died  December  2d,  174 1.    Southei-n  Literary  Messenger^  l'IIf,j2j. 
\  Recollections  of  Admiral  Ralph  Randolph  Wormeley^  page  it. 
\  Meade  /,  371. 

^Sce  petition  of  Ralph  Wormeley,  Jr.,  in  Virginia  Council Jourttal,  January  13th,  1777, 
and  his  letter  to  Mami  Page,  in  Calendar  of  Virginia  State  Papers,  f.joo-jor. 

■^  Recollections  0/ Admiral  H'ofyneley. 


222  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL    MAGAZINE. 

years.*  There  were  also  Robert  Beverley,  of**  Blandfield,"  Essex,  who 
is  stated  t  to  have  refused  to  serve  on  the  county  committee,  to  have 
been  disarmed  and  been  constantly  *' inimical  to  the  Whigs";  Austin 
BrockenbroughjJ  of  Essex,  who  was  compelled  to  leave  Virginia  iii 
1775,  and  did  not  return  until  the  peace ;  John  Tayloe  Corbin,S  who 
was  confined  to  the  limits  of  his  father's  estate  in  Caroline;  John  Ran- 
dolph Grymesll  (son  of  Philip  Grymes,  of  *' Brandon,"  Middlesex), 
whose  accession  so  delighted  Dunmore,  and  who  served  as  a  major  in 
Simcoe's  Queens  Rangers ;  Benjamin  and  Philip  Grymes,*^  both  voted 
enemies  by  the  Spotsylvania  Committee  in  1776  (and  the  latter  impris- 
oned in  the  interior),  and  William  Montague,**  of  Lancaster,  denounced 
by  the  people  of  his  county  and  the  State  Council  as  hoetile.  More 
might  be  named,  but  these  are  enough.  It  is  very  true  that  a  great 
majority  of  the  old  Colonial  families  stood  firmly  for  the  cause  of  inde- 
pendence ;  but  among  them,  on  each  of  the  rivers,  was  more  than  one 
Tory. 

"  To  hang  up  Blackbeard's  head  would  be  in  accordance  with  the 
custom  of  the  times.  The  Rev.  Frank  Stringfellow,  an  Episcopal 
clergyman  of  Virginia,  tells  me  of  a  remarkable  series  of  names  re- 
cording the  similar  fate  of  some  negro  offender.  In  travelling  from  the 
Appomattox,  Chesterfield  county,  we  pass  'Skinquarter  Creek,'  where 
the  criminal  was  hung  and  flayed,  his  skin  being  displayed.*'     Page  185. 

Mr.  Conway  then  continues  and  states  that  Negro  Arm  road  in  Pow- 
hatan, Negro  Foot  post-office  in  Hanover  and  Negro  Head  Run  in 
Orange,  show  where  other  portions  of  the  body  were  put  up  in  terro- 
rom.  It  is  safe  to  assert  that  this  is  wholly  untrue,  and  that  no  such 
barbarous  punishment  ever  took  place  in  Virginia.  No  similar  instance 
is  preserved  in  histories  or  records.  Under  the  Virginia,  as  under  the 
English  law,  ears  might  be  cut  off,  but  we  find  no  provision  for  feet. 
The  "quarter"  in  Skinquarter  doubtless  meant,  not  a  portion  of  an 
offender's  carcass,  but,  like  hundreds  of  other  "quarters,"  a  plantation 
where  hands  were  worked,  but  the  owner  did  not  reside. 

On  page  222,  speaking  of  the  Fairfax  ownership  of  the  Northern 
Neck,  Mr.  Conway  says :  "  Here  was  a  tremendous  and  continuous  train- 
ing in  hatred  of  aristocracy.  The  accident  of  birth  had  thrown  into 
the  hand  of  one  Englishman  six  million  acres  in  a  county  he  never 
saw  and  made  fiefs  of  a  thousand  estates  tilled  by  Virginans." 


*  Rfiollections  0/  Adntiral  U'otmelty.    Sthintw  Anwricafi  Loyalists  If.     Hening,  XI, 
316. 
t  Calendar  of  VitKinia  State  Pdpert,  II ',  j^S-j/o. 
X  Meade,  II,  n-f'477' 
'i^ Journal  0/  the  Convention,  May,  1776. 

Sabines  Afnerican  Loyalists. 
«•  Ibid. 

**  Meade,  II,  43,  and  Council  Journal. 


BOOK    REVIEWS.  223 

The  proprietors  of  the  Northern  Neck  never  had  any  authority  in 
civil  or  military  or  religious  affairs,  as  did  some  others  (the  Baltimores 
for  instance).  The  counties  north  of  the  Rappahannock  were  as  much 
under  the  general  government  of  the  colony  as  those  south  of  it.  They 
sent  their  representatives  to  the  same  House  of  Burgesses,  and  their 
whole  system  of  county  and  parish  government  was  conducted  in  the 
same  manner,  and  all  civil  and  military  officers  were  appointed  by  the 
same  authority  as  in  the  other  parts  of  Virginia.  The  only  difference  was 
that  th^  quit  rents  were  paid  to  Lord  Fairfax's  aj2:ent  instead  of  to  the 
King's  receiver  general,  and  it  was  doubtless  a  matter  of  indifference 
to  them  to  whom  it  went.  There  appears  no  evidence  of  any  hatred, 
as  Mr.  Conway  suggests,  against  the  family  of  the  proprietor,  Fairfax. 
Indeed,  his  "Barons"  appear  to  have  been  on  most  friendly  terms 
with  them,  marrying  and  giving  in  marriage,  while  it  may  be  taken  as 
a  fair  test  of  the  feeling  of  the  lower  classes,  that  the  last  proprietor, 
Lord  Fairfax,  known  to  be  in  sympathy  with  England,  lived  in  Vir- 
ginia during  all  the  war  without  there  remaining  an  instance  of  even 
an  insult  offered  him. 

"William  Lightfoot  [1746]  descended  from  John  Lightfoot,  a  James- 
town colonist,  was  soon  after  a  member  of  the  Council."    Page  241. 

He  was  neither  a  descendant  from  a  John  Lytefoot,  a  Jamestown 
colonist,  nor  was  he  ever  in  the  Council,  but  was  the  grandson  of  Philip 
Lightfoot  (immigrant),  whose  epitaph  at  Sandy  Point  ("  Teddington  "), 
on  James  river,  states  that  he  was  son  of  a  Grays  Inn  barrister,  and 
grandson  of  a  Northamptonshire  rector. 

**  I  will  copy  here  a  curious  legend  of  the  Fauntleroys  from  a  pri- 
vate letter  written  by  a  great-granddaughter  of  Washington's  '  Low- 
land Beauty.*  *About  the  years  1690  a  young  French  Prince,  heir  to 
the  throne,  formed  a  morganatic  marriage  with  a  young  French  gen- 
tlewoman named  Lady  Eliza  Bellefield,  of  good  family;  but  not  of 
the  blood  Royal.' "  [She  then  states  that  about  1700  the  Prince  of 
Saxe-Meiningen,  in  Germany,  had  made  a  morganatic  marriage  with 
one  Elizabeth  Schuman,  who  had  petitioned  the  Emperor  Charles  for 
the  title  of  princess,  and  the  civil  lawyers  were  considering  the  mat- 
ter, biit  before  they  reached  a  decision]  "  Lady  Bellefield  had  died  of 
chagrin,  and  her  three  sons  were  banished  from  France.  They  came 
to  Virginia  about  1706,  bringing  with  them  their  princely  title.  Enfant- 
U'Roi^  and  coat  of  arms,  three  infant  heads  crowned  with  fleurs  de- 
lis. Miss  Betsy  [the  '  Lowland  Beauty ']  was  named  for  and  was  the 
granddaughter  of  Lady  Eliza  Bellefield."    Page  241. 

Of  course,  Mr.  Conway  does  not  credit  this  very  "curious  legend  "; 
but  it  is  surprising  that  such  should  have  been  thought  worthy  of  a 
place  in  his  book.  The  tradition  he  quotes  would  not  be  worthy  of 
notice  were  it  not  as  an  example  of  the  extreme  of  absurdity  to  which 
genealogical  tradition,  even  when  the  facts  have  been  known,  may 


224  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

grow.  The  heir  to  the  French  throne  in  1690  was  the  Dauphin  Louis; 
and  while  French  royal  and  princely  immorality  at  that  day  would 
have  disdained  such  a  miserable  pretense  as  the  German  morganatic 
marriage,  any  union  approaching  it  in  publicity,  would  have  been  made 
notorious  by  the  memoirs  of  the  time.  We  can,  of  course,  find  no 
trace  of  Lady  Eliza  (rather  English  for  a  French  gentlewoman)  Belle- 
field  ;  but  there  has  long  been  a  well-known  family  of  Belfield  in  Rich- 
mond county  (where  the  Fauntleroys  lived),  whose  immigrant  ances- 
tor, as  their  own  published  records  show,  was  Joseph  Belfield,  an 
Englishman.  It  is  also  absolutely  certain  that  the  first  of  the  Fauntle- 
roys, Moore,  was  (as  has  been  shown  before)  an  Englishman,  who 
came  about  1640;  and  to  him,  as  the  certificate  still  preserved  shows, 
was  granted  in  1633  by  the  Heralds  College  a  confirmation  of  his 
arms — the  three  infants'  heads — stated  in  the  certificate  by  Sir  John 
Borough,  Garter,  to  have  been  "  borne  by  his  ancestors  time  out  of 
mind.''*  And  instead  of  Betsy  being  a  daughter  of  an  illegitimate 
scion  of  French,  or  any  other  royalty,  she  is  shown,  by  indubitable 
records,  to  have  been  the  daughter  of  Colonel  William  Fauntleroy,  of 
Richmond  county,  and  his  wife,  Apphia  Bushrod,  of  Northumberland — 
both  honestly  bom  natives  of  Virginia. 

And  now,  in  conclusion,  to  call  Mr.  Conway's  attention  to  one  more 
error.  If  he  will  examine  any  Fairfax  pedigree  he  will  find  that  Mr. 
Bladen,  of  the  Board  of  Trade  (page  180),  was  not  an  uncle  of  Colonel 
William  Fairfax,  of  Virginia,  but  (his  mother  was  one  of  the  Fairfaxes 
of  Stenton)  was  only  a  distant  kinsman. 

This  article  has  grown  to  such  entirely  unexpected  length  that  there 
is  no  space  for  any  further  remarks  on  Mr.  Conway's  work,  nor  did  we 
desire  to  do  more  than  to  call  attention  to  his  statements  and  to  what 
appears  to  us  to  be  the  facts.  We  believe  a  comparison  of  these  will 
enable  all  interested  to  form  a  Judgment. 


♦See  copy  of  the  certificate  in  "The  Fauntleroy  Family,"  Wallace's  Historical 
Monthly,  July,  1891,  where  will  also  be  found  full  proofs  of  the  ancestry  of  "  Betsy 
Fauntleroy." 


PROCEEDINGS 


OF  THE 


Virginia  Historical  Society 


AT   ITS 


ANNUAL  MEETING 


HELD   IN   THE 


Socletu's  Bulldlna,  December  14th,  I893j 


WITH   THE 


CONSTITUTION  AND  LIST  OF  OFFICERS  AND 
MEMBERS  OF  THE  SOCIETY. 


RICHMOND,   VA: 

\VM.    ELLIS  JONES,  BOOK   AND  JOB   PRINTER. 

1893. 


PROCEEDINGS 


OF  THE 


Virginia  Historical  Society 

IN 

Annual  Meeting  held  December  i^lhy  iSgs- 


The  annual  meeting  of  the  Virginia  Historical  Society 
was  held  on  Thursday,  December  14th,  in  its  building,  No.  707 
East  Franklin  street,  this  being  the  first  general  meeting  of  the 
Society  since  it  took  possession  of  its  new  home.  A  large  num- 
ber of  members  were  present.  Mr.  Joseph  Bryan,  the  President, 
took  the  chair,  and  read  his  report  giving  an  account  of  the 
work  and  progress  of  the  Society  in  the  course  of  1893.  This 
report  was  as  follows: 

To  the  Members  of  the  Virginia  Historical  Society  : 

The  by-laws  of  this  Society  provide  that  "  the  Chairman 
shall  annually  prepare  a  report,  giving  in  detail  the  work  and 
progress  of  the  Society  during  the  past  year,  and  making  such 
suggestions  and  recommendations  as  will  promote  its  interest, 
which  report,  after  approval  by  the  Executive  Committee,  shall 
be  presented  to  the  Society  at  its  next  regular  meeting."  In 
obedience  to  this  requirement,  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the 
following  report,  which  has  been  approved  by  the  Executive 
Committee.  In  this  the  general  facts  touching  the  work  and 
progress  of  the  Society  during  the  past  year  have  been  furnished 
by  our  Corresponding  Secretary,  Philip  A.  Bruce,  Esq.,  and  by 
our  Treasurer,  R.  T,  Brooke,  Esq. 

The  most  important  event  in  our  history  of  the  past  year  was 
the  movement  of  the  Society  from  the  Westmoreland  Club,  and 
its  establishment  in  its  present  building,  707  East  Franklin  street. 


IV  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 

The  deed  to  the  Society  for  this  building  has  been  duly  executed 
by  Mrs.  John  Stewart  and  her  family,  and  has  been  recorded.  In 
congratulating  ourselves  that  we  have  at  last  a  sure  abiding 
place,  I  deem  it  appropriate  to  give  a  brief  resume  of  the  many 
movements  made  by  this  Society  since  its  revival  in  1847.  In 
preparing  this  statement  I  have  not  only  carefully  gone  over  the 
records  of  the  Society,  but  have  been  aided  by  the  verbal  and 
printed  statements  of  Mr.  B.  B.  Minor,  Dr.  W.  P.  Palmer,  and 
Dr.  C.  G.  Barney.  To  this  latter  gentleman,  it  is  conceded  by 
all,  the  Society  owes  an  enduring  debt  of  gratitude  for  his  labors 
in  saving  its  books  and  pictures.  ^ 

The  first  location  of  the  Society  was  at  the  southeast  corner  of 
the  Capitol  Square,  where,  from  1847  ^o  1853.  it  occupied  rented 
rooms  on  the  third  floor  of  the  so-called  law  building,  now  a 
part  of  the  Davis  Hotel.  There  both  its  books  and  pictures 
were  kept,  and  there  its  Corresponding  Secretary  had  his  office. 
The  annual  meetings  were  held  at  the  Capitol,  and  the  monthly 
meetings  of  the  Executive  Committee  were  generally  held  at  the 
residence  of  some  member  of  the  Committee. 

Second.  In  1853  the  city  of  Richmond  gave  the  Society  the 
free  use  of  rooms  in  the  Athenaeum — the  building  on  the  corner 
of  Tenth  and  Marshall  streets,  which  had  been  constructed  for 
the  Richmond  Academy — and  here  the  books  and  pictures  were 
kept  until  October,  1858,  when  the  building  was  sold,  and,  until 
further  provision  could  be  made,  the  pictures  were  placed  in  a 
room  at  the  State  Capitol  and  the  books  were  packed  in  boxes. 
In  1853,  o^*"  regular  records,  as  they  now  appear,  began  to  be 
kept  with  regularity  by  the  late  Andrew  Johnston,  Esq.,  who 
was  made  the  Recording  Secretary.  During  his  time,  and  indeed 
for  all  meetings  thereafter,  they  were  kept  with  fullness  and  pre- 
cision. 

Third.  About  this  time  (1858),  the  Virginia  Mechanics  Insti- 
tute, situated  on  Ninth  street,  opposite  Bank  street,  between  Main 
and  Franklin,  was  put  under  construction,  and  by  a  contract  be- 
tween that  institute  and  the  Virginia  Historical  Society  and  the 
Richmond  Library  Company  a  large  room  in  the  third  story  was 
secured  for  the  common  use  of  this  Society  and  the  Library 
Company,  while  each  had  a  small  room  opening  into  the  large 
room.    To  this  place  our  books  and  pictures  were  again  re- 


PROCEEDINGS.  V 

moved,  and  here  they  remained  until  the  occupation  of  Rich- 
mond as  the  Confederate  Capital,  when  the  Mechanics'  Institute 
was  taken  possession  of  by  the  Confederate  States  War  Depart- 
ment, and  it  became  necessary  to  find  other  quarters -for  the 
books  and  pictures.  The  books  were  temporarily  piled  up  in  a 
small  room  of  the  Institute,  and  the  pictures  were  taken  by  Dr. 
Barney  to  his  own  residence,  403  East  Main  street,  where  they 
remained  for  twenty  years,  or  until  they  were  placed  upon  the 
walls  of  the  Westmoreland  Club  in  1881,  when  that  very  hospi- 
table and  considerate  organization  offered  a  place  of  refuge  to 
our  Society.  It  being  necessary  to  move  the  books  from  the 
Mechanics'  Institute,  Dr.  Barney  secured  rooms  in  the  building, 
then  owned  by  the  city,  at  the  southeast  corner  of  Tenth  and 
Bank  streets,  whither  he  carried  the  greater  part  of  them,  making 
the  fourth  move,  when  again  military  necessity  compelled  him 
to  take  them  out. 

This  great  embarrassment  was  relieved  by  the  kind  interference 
of  the  Confederate  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  Hon.  C.  G.  Mem- 
minger,  influe^nced  by  our  good  friend,  Judge  W.  W.  Crump, 
and  a  room  in  the  Custom-house,  then  the  Confederate  Treasury 
Department,  was  given  the  Society.  Here  Dr.  Barney  had 
shelves  made,  and  to  this  place,  sometime  in  the  summer  of  186 1, 
made  the  fifth  move  of  our  books.  They  remained  in  the  Cus- 
tom-house until  after  the  evacuation  of  Richmond  by  the  Con- 
federates and  its  occupation  by  the  Federal  troops.  Dr.  Barney 
says  that  upon  his  return  to  the  city  a  short  time  after  the  sur- 
render at  Appomattox,  he  visited  these  books  and  found  that  his 
precautions  of  putting  cotton  cloth  over  them  and  nailing  strips 
of  wood  across  the  shelves  to  prevent  them  being  injured  by 
dust,  or  removed,  had  proved  futile,  and  that  the  shelves  were 
being  plundered.  He  also  received  notice  from  the  Federal 
commander  that  the  books  were  to  be  taken  out  or  they  would* 
be  thrown  out.  Upon  that  he  got,  with  great  difficulty,  vehicles 
and  moved  them,  for  the  .  sixth  time,  to  his  own  premises,  403 
east  Main  street,  where  they  remained  two  years,  and  were  then 
delivered  to  the  Librarian  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Associ- 
ation, which  had  its  rooms  on  the  second  floor  of  a  building  on 
the  south  side  of  Main,  about  midway  between  Eighth  and  Ninth 
streets.     This  was  the  seventh  move.     At  this  time  the  Society 


l/ 


VI  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 

had  over  5,000  volumes.  In  August,  1871,  as  I  learn  from  a 
memorandum  in  the  handwriting  of  Mr.  R.  A.  Brock,  lately  your 
Corresponding  Secretary,  the  Society  obtained  rooms  in  the 
building  now  occupied  by  the  Court  of  Appeals — the  old  Syca- 
more Church  on  Tenth  street — and  all  the  books  were  taken 
from  the  Young  Men's- Christian  Association  and  removed  to  this 
place  in  July,  1875,  this  making  the  eighth  move.  The  ninth 
move  was  accomplished  in  August,  1881,  when  the  Westmore- 
land Club,  in  its  present  building,  at  the  corner  of  Sixth  and 
Grace  streets,  offered  its  upper  story  as  a  harbor  for  our  storm - 
tossed  library,  and  its  walls  for  the  pictures  of  the  Society.  The 
tenth — and  let  us  hope  for  at  least  a  long  time  its  last — move 
was  made  in  June,  1893,  ^^  ^^^  present  home,  707  East  Franklin 
street.  It  is  needless  to  say  that  in  these  changes  of  fortune  the 
library  was  much  depleted  and  many  sets  of  books  were  broken. 
Since,  however,  we  established  ourselves  at  the  Westmoreland 
Club,  all  contributions  of  books  and  pamphlets  have  been  care- 
fully kept,  and  the  business  of  the  Society  has  assumed  methods 
of  precision  and  regularity  more  in  accord  with  its  main  objects 
and  purposes  than  ever  before. 

During  the  last  year  our  Corresponding  Secretary  reports  that 
the  library  has  been  increased  by  368  titles,  including  books  pre- 
sented to  the  Society,  magazines,  pamphlets,  historical,  literary, 
scientific,  religious,  etc.  Of  the  different  books  and  pamphlets, 
about  80  were  presented  by  General  J.  Watts  De  Peyster,  of  New 
York. 

Two  valuable  maps  were  presented  to  the  Society — one  of 
Virginia  in  1807,  ^Y  Mr.  G.  P.  Tarry,  of  Mecklenburg  county, 
Va.,  and  the  other  of  Richmond  in  1849,  by  Mrs.  J.  Enders 
Robinson,  of  Richmond. 

The  Natio7ial  Intelligencer,  Washington,  D.  C,  1813,  and 
Richmond  Enquirer y  1845,  were  presented  by  Mr.  William  P. 
Marshall,  of  Richmond. 

Manuscripts. — The  receipt  book  of  Mr.  William  Beverley,  1729. 
showing  his  payment  of  quit  rents,  was  presented  by  Mr.  John 
C.  Honeyman,  of  New  Jersey.  The  account  book  of  Mr.  Wil- 
liam Beverley,  1752,  was  presented  by  Mr.  Worthington  C.  Ford, 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

The  daguerreotype  of  James   Innes   was   presented   by    Mr. 


PROCEEDINGS.  VU 

George  D.  Todd,  Louisville,  Ky.  An  oil  painting  of  four  mem- 
bers of  the  Grymes  family  in  the  early  part  of  the  eighteenth 
century  was  bequeathed  to  the  Society  by  Mrs.  Norah  L.  Macon. 

The  catalogue  of  the  books  in  the  library  is  about  completed. 
This  has  never  been  done  before.  Catalogueing  the  pamphlets 
will  take  some  further  time.  The  examination  of  the  library  in 
making  the  catalogue  has  disclosed  the  fact  that  the  sets  of  books 
are  very  much  broken.  I  have  already  sufficiently  accounted 
for  this.  The  library,  however,  contains  many  volumes  of  value, 
and  some  very  early  editions.  The  collection  of  books  on  Vir- 
ginia is  very  small,  and  now  that  there  is  reason  to  believe  the 
books  will  be  properly  cared  for,  the  Society  will  gratefully  re- 
ceive from  any  of  its  members  any  books  on  the  history  of  our 
State,  of  which  one  would  suppose  we  ought  to  have  a  very 
large  collection.  The  library  contains  in  all  about  7,000  volumes, 
besides  some  5,000  pamphlets. 

Instead  of  publishing  an  annual  volume  upon  some  one  sub- 
ject, the  Executive  Committee  deemed  it  expedient  to  publish  a 
magazine  which  would  contain  a  variety  of  subjects  of  original 
historical  value,  and  be  more  in  accord  with  the  methods  pro- 
vided by  other  similar  societies.  Accordingly  the  first  number 
of  the  Virginia  Magazine  of  History  and  Biography y  which  will 
be  quarterly,  was  published  in  July  last,  the  second  number  in 
October,  and  the  third  is  now  far  advanced. 

The  amount  of  original  material  for  history  which  is  accessi- 
ble in  this  State  is  unsurpassed,  if,  indeed,  it  is  approached,  by 
any  other  State  in  the  Union.  Not  only  are  there  unsearched 
mines  of  this  wealth  in  the  Capitol,  but  this  Society  itself  is  in 
possession  of  original  manuscript  enough  to  supply  the  maga- 
zine with  matter  for  a  great  number  of  years.  Besides  this  there 
is  invaluable  manuscript  material  relating  to  Virginia  in  the  Na- 
tional Library  at  Washington  and  in  the  Library  of  the  Episco- 
pal Seminary  at  Alexandria.  The  county  courts  themselves 
furnish  much  material  which  was  rapidly  going  to  decay,  but 
will  be  saved  by  the  appropriation  obtained  by  the  diligence  of 
our  most  efficient  and  active  member,  Prof.  Lyon  G  Tyl^r. 
The  amount  of  this  material  and  the  magnitude  and  importance 
of  some  special  manuscripts  (which  should  be  published  in 
separate  volumes)  is  such  that  unless  the  State  intends  to  take 


Vni  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 

some  actioD  on  her  own  part,  this  Society  can  present  the  strong; - 
est  claims  upon  the  Legislature  for  an  appropriation  to  be  ex- 
pended with  such  limitations  as  the  State  may  prescribe  for  the 
publishing  and  editing  of  much  of  this  material. 

In  this  connection  it  is  proper  to  say  that  every  State  in  the 
Union  has  a  Historical  Society;  some  of  them  richly  endowed, 
many  of  them  sustained  by  State  appropriation,  and  their 
efficiency  and  value  is  determined  by  the  resources  they  can 
command  of  materials  and  money.  We  have  the  materials,  but 
we  have  hitherto  lacked  a  local  habitation  of  any  permanence, 
and  the  money  to  carry  on  the  work  systematically.  It  is  not 
to  be  expected  that  this  great  work  can  be  carried  on  entirely  by 
individual  aid.  Our  Corresponding  Secretary  has  obtained  the 
following  information  touching  the  aid  given  by  other  States. 

The  Maine  Historical  Society,  Belfast,  Me.,  does  work  under 
contract  with  the  State  for  which  the  State  pays. 

The  Michigan  Pioneer  and  Historical  Society,  Lansing,  Mich., 
receives  from  the  State  $2,500  annually,  and  with  it  twenty  vol- 
umes of  the  early  history  of  Michigan  have  been  printed. 

The  Maryland  Historical  Society,  at  Baltimore,  Md.,  receives 
$2,000  a  year  from  the  State,  with  which  to  provide  for  the 
preservation,  arrangement,  publication  and  sale  of  ancient  docu- 
ments relating  to  Maryland. 

The  Historical  Society  of  New  Mexico  receives  from  $400  to 
$600  per  annum  from  the  State  for  the  purchase  of  articles,  be- 
sides which  the  State  also  has  made  appropriations  for  the  pre- 
serving of  old  archives  under  a  commissioner. 

The  New  Jersey  Historical  Society,  at  Newark,  receives  $3,000 
a  year  from  the  State,  on  condition  that  a  certain  number  of 
volumes  of  those  that  are  printed  shall  be  given  to  the  State. 

The  State  Historical  and  Natural  Society,  of  Colorado,  has 
received  $5,000  in  the  last  fourteen  years  from  the  State  for  the 
purchase  of  articles. 

The  Historical  Society  of  Kansas,  at  Topeka,  receives  $5,680 
from  the  State  annually,  but  its  publications  belong  to  the  State. 

Texas  provides  for  her  Historical  Society,  as  a  bureau  of  her 
Agricultural  Department. 

Rhode  Island  Historical  Society  receives  $1,500  per  annum 
for  the  purchase  and  binding  of  books  relating  to  the  history  of 


PROCEEDINGS.  IX 

the  State,  and  for  copying  and  preserving  the  records  of  the 
State. 

The  South  Carolina  Historical  Society  receives  $2,000  per 
annum  from  the  State. 

The  Minnesota  State  Historical  Society  receives  $6,000  per 
annum  from  the  State,  and  in  addition,  the  last  Legislature  gave 
$200  more  for  a  fire- proof  vault. 

The  most  remarkable  Historical  Society  of  all  is  in  the  State 
of  Wisconsin.  It  has  the  mo^  complete  library  of  the  histories 
of  the  several  States,  in  the  United  States.  It  has  been  said  that 
if  we  desire  to  study  the  history  of  any  State  in  the  Union,  we 
must  go  to  Madison,  Wis.,  and  search  the  library  of  the  State 
Historical  Society  of  Wisconsin  to  find  it. 

I  have  been  interested  in  reading  the  records  of  this  Society 
to  note  that  on  the  29th  of  June,  1855,  "the  Chairman  of  this 
Society,  Mr.  Conway  Robinson,  laid  before  the  committee  a 
printed  copy,  lately  received,  of  the  first  annual  report  of  the 
Kxecutive  Committee  of  the  State  Historical  Society  of  Wis- 
consin, wherein  at  page  9  it  was  mentioned  that  but  three  effi- 
cient Historical  Societies  of  our  country,  those  of  New  York, 
Maine  and  Virginia,  remained  unrepresented  in  their  library  or 
list  of  exchanges,  whereupon  resolved  that  the  Chairman  cause 
to  be  transmitted  to  the  said  Historical  Society  of  Wisconsin  a 
copy  of  the  first  volume  of  *' Early  voyages  to  America,  and 
copies  of  such  other  of  the  Society's  publications  as  in  the 
opinion  of  the  Corresponding  Secretary  can  be  so  transmitted 
without  inconvenience.'*  At  another  meeting  of  our  Executive 
Committee  held  March  2nd,  1857,  the  Chairman  stated  ''that 
there  had  been  sent  to  the  Secretary  papers  containing  the  pro- 
ceedings of  the  Historical  Society  of  Wisconsin  at  stated  meet- 
ings in  October,  November,  December,  January  and  February, 
and  the  Chairman  called  the  attention  of  the  committee  to  the 
striking  evidence  which  these  proceedings  furnish  of  the  interest 
taken  in  that  young  Stale  in  the  objects  of  the  Society."  This 
Society  receives,  from  the  State,  about  $14,000  per  annum, 
besides  which  the  Society  has  other  means  of  its  own,  from 
which  they  pay  for  the  bulk  of  their  printing  and  the  salaries  of 
three  assistant  librarians.  Their  Secretary  says,  as  a  matter 
worthy  of  note,  and  we  say  wonderful  to  relate,  that  no  attempt 


X  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   SOCIETY. 

has  been  made  at  political  interference  with  this  large  appro- 
priation. • 

In  the  history  of  our  Society  there  have  been  repeated  propo- 
sitions to  the  Executive  Committee  to  make  application  to  the 
State  for  aid  in  this  work«  and  it  seems  a  propitious  time  that 
this  matter  should  now  be  called  to  the  attention  of  our  present 
Legislature. 

The  Virginia  Historical  Society  has  no>v  50  life  members,  of 
which  ten  have  joined  since  our  last  annual  meeting,  adding  $500 
to  our  permanent  fund.  After  a  careful  revision  of  the  list,  we 
have  left  602  annual  members ;  384  of  these  have  joined  the  So- 
ciety since  the  last  annual  meeting.  The  total  addition  smce  the 
last  annual  meeting  has  been  394. 

The  report  of  the  Treasurer  shows  that  the  receipts  of  the 
Society  for  the  last  year  were  $5,074.92,  and  the  expenses  for 
salaries,  publication,  etc.,  $3,272.16,  leaving  a  balance  in  hand  of 
$1,802,74,  o^  which  $1,792  is  on  deposit  bearing  interest.  Of 
the  receipts  during  last  year  $902.60  were  the  generous  gifts  of 
two  kindred  societies  of  ladies — ^$75  being  sent  through  Mrs.  W. 
W.  Henry,  by  the  Albemarle  Chapter  of  the  Daughters  of  the 
Revolution,  and  $827.60  received  through  Mrs.  James  H.  Dooley, 
president,  from  the  Old  Dominion  Chapter  of  the  Daughters  of 
the  Revolution.  The  Society  cannot  express  too  strongly  its 
gratitude  to  these  ladies  for  their  generous  and  timely  aid,  and 
to  assure  them  that  with  such  encouragement  this  Society  will 
feel  confident  in  accomplishing  the  purposes  of  its  organization. 
The  Society  hopes  that  the  ladies  of  these  organizations,  and  of 
kindred  societies,  will  make  the  freest  use  of  the  Society's  build- 
ing for  their  meetings,  and  to  assure  them  any  aid  or  assistance 
which  we  can  render  will  be  most  cheerfully  given. 

In  connection  with  the  financial  history  of  our  Society  I  have 
received  from  Dr.  Barney,  who  was  its  treasurer  during  the  pe- 
riod of  the  war  and  immediately  preceding  and  succeeding  it, 
some  interesting  original  papers.  One  is  a  resolution  in  the 
handwriting  of  Mr.  Gustavus  A.  Myers,  and  signed  by  him  and 
by  A.  A.  Morson,  Thomas  H., Ellis,  Thonlas  T.  Giles,  Andrew 
Johnston  and  George  W.  Randolph,  authorizing  the  Treasurer 
•  *  to  and  for  the  use  and  benefit  of  said  Society  to  sell,  assign 
and  transfer  to  any  person  or  persons  whomsoever,  all  of  the 


PROCEEDINGS.  XI 

Registered  Bonds,  or  Certificates  of  debt  of  the  State  of  Vir- 
ginia, standing  in  the  name  of  said  Society  on  the  books  of  the 
Second  Auditor,  and  amounting  to  $3,373;  and  also  all  the 
bonds  or  Certificates  of  debt  of  the  city  of  Richmond,  standing 
in  the  name  of  the  said  Society  on  the  books  of  the  Chamber- 
lain of  said  city,  amounting  to  $1,241.50,  at  the  best  price  he, 
the  said  Treasurer,  can  obtain,  and  that  he  do  invest  the  net 
proceeds  of  said  sales  in  Registered  Bonds  or  certificates  of  debt 
of  the  Confederate  States  of  America  in  the  name  of  the  Vir- 
ginia Historical  and  Philosophical  Society,  yielding  an  interest 
of  8  per  cent,  per  annum.'* 

These  bonds  were  accordingly  sold  for  Confederate  money  in 
November,  1862,  and  with  the  proceeds  ($4,068.20)  and  some 
other  cash  in  the  Treasury  the  following  Bonds  and  notes  of  the 
Confederate  States  were  bought  : 

$5,100  8  per  cent,  bonds  registered  in  the  name  of  the  His- 
torical and  Philosophical  Society  of  Virginia. 

$300  coupon  bonds. 

$700  7.30  notes. 

$25  currency. 

These  original  bonds  and  notes  are  in  our  possession  and 
have  been  transferred  from  our  treasury  to  our  archives,  where 
they  will  remain  as  a  perpetual  memorial  of  the  participation  by 
our  Society  to  its  utmost  ability  in  the  disasters  and  losses  which 
befell  our  people,  whose  history  was  never  more  glorious  than  at 
that  period  when  their  boundless  sacrifices  were  most  freely 
made. 

The  thanks  of  the  Society  are  due  to  our  Treasurer,  R.  T. 
Brooke,  Esq.,  and  to  our  Recording  Secretary,  D.  C.  Richard- 
son, Esq.,  both  of  whom  serve  us  without  compensation,  and  to 
our  Corresponding  Secretary,  Philip  A.  Bruce,  Esq.,  whose  dili- 
gent labor  has  produced  order  out  of  chaos  and  added  to  the 
membership  of  the  Society,  and  whose  abilities  have  greatly  in- 
creased its  usefulness  and  its  reputation. 

I  am  required  by  our  by-laws  to  make  such  suggestions  and 
recommendations  as  will  promote  the  interests  of  this  Society. 

I  deem  it  of  the  greatest  importance  that  the  efforts  of  this 
Society  as  a  whole,  and  as  individuals,  shall  be  constantly  bent 
to  arousing  a  practical  and  intense  interest  in  its  objects  and 


Xll  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   SOCIETY. 

methods.  To  this  end  an  energetic  administration  should  be  in- 
sured. The  responsibilities  of  the  Executive  Committee  are  such 
that  the  aid  of  every  member  should  be  at  the  disposal  of  the 
Society.  The  committee  to  whom  was  referred  certain  constitu- 
tional changes  will  present  to  you  some  amendments  empha- 
sizing the  importance  of  members  of  the  Executive  Committee 
giving  attention  to  their  duties. 

I  proposed  to  that  committee  to  bring  in  an  amendment  limit- 
ing  the  eligibility  of  your  President  to  not  more  than  two  terms 
of  one  year  each,  without  the  election  of  some  other  member  as 
President  This  rotation  in  office  will  entitle  the  Society  to 
bestow  the  honor  of  this  chair  upon  those  who  deserve  it,  but  who 
otherwise  might  be  deprived  of  the  opportunity  of  serving  the 
Society.  Without  some  rule  of  this  kind  the  change  of  President 
is  apt  to  produce  an  unpleasantness  which  will  thus  be  avoided, 
and  new  blood  and  fresh  interest  will  be  insured  without  a  jar. 

The  committee  declined  to  make  the  recommendation,  but  I 
am  clearly  of  the  opinion  that  the  proposed  change  is  most 
desirable,  and  I  therefore  bring  the  matter  to  the  attention  of  the 
whole  Society. 

The  "  suitable  address  or  discourse"  which  our  constitution  re- 
quires to  be  delivered  on  the  day  of  our  annual  meeting,  or  a  sub- 
sequent day,  will  be  delivered  by  the  Rev.  Robert  P.  Kerr,  D.  D  , 
of  this  city,  on  some  day  in  January,  of  which  due  notice  will 
be  given. 

In  closing  this  report  I  desire  to  incorporate  a  part  of  the 
report  presented  by  Mr.  William  A.  Maury,  upon  the  second 
revival  of  this  Society  in  1870.  The  sentiments  which  are  there 
expressed  will  find  an  echo  in  the  hearts  of  every  one  who  de- 
sires not  merely  **  to  judge  the  future  by  the  past,"  but  to-trans- 
tpit  the  best  inspirations  of  each  period  of  our  history  and  to  check 
a  growing  tendency  to  a  morbid,  mercenary  spirit  among  our 
people. 

m 

Said  Mr.  Maury  : 

**  In  the  trials  and  vicissitudes  which  have  distressed  the  peo- 
ple of  Virginia,  they  have  displayed  a  magnanimity  which  has 
risen  superior  to  appalling  misfortunes,  and  in  circumstances  cal- 


PROCEEDINGS.  Xlll 

culated  to  distract  and  dismay,  have  evinced  a  disposition  to 
cultivate  the  great  moral  qualities  which  underlie  patriotism  and 
supremacy. 

"  To  encourage  and  give  wise  and  useful  direction  to  this  dis- 
position, is  the  important  work  which  has  been  committed  to  the 
Historical  Society.  And  the  committee  ask  leave  to  say  that  in 
their  apprehension  never  was  there  a  time  when  the  utility  of  a 
Historical  Society  was  more  evident  than  at  this  day.  For  they 
conceive  that  unless  there  be  some  counterpoise  to  the  spirit  of 
material  improvement,  and  of  laying  up  treasure,  and  to  the 
dangerous  extremes  into  which  the  great  school  of  the  positive 
philosophy  is  running — a  school  whose  teachings  our  people  in 
their  earnest  prosecution  of  physical  pursuits,  are  apt  to  be  infatu- 
ated with — men  are  liable  to  sink  into  materialism  and  to  look 
with  indifference  upon  every  culture  which  promises  to  enoble 
us  and  endow  us  with  a  capacity  to  look  up,  and  carry  to  a 
higher  development  the  work  which  we  have  received  from  the 
hands  of  our  fathers. 

**  It  was  a  profound  sense  of  the  importance  of  some  counter- 
acting agency  to  those  dangerous  hinderances  of  the  age,  that 
induced  the  committee  to  exert  themselves  to  revive  the  Histori- 
cal Society  and  render  it  an  instrumentality  to  resist  influences 
which  if  allowed  to  prevail  will  make  our  people  dagenerate; 
will  sever  the  moral  ties  which  unite  them  to  their  forefathers, 
and  will  take  away  all  zest  from  the  contemplation  of  those  great 
performances  which  were  achieved  in  the  old  time  beiore  us,  by 
patriots  whose  blood  runs  in  the  veins  of  the  men  of  this  day 
and  generation." 

Jos.  Bryan. 

On  the  motion  of  Mr.  J.  R.  V.  Daniel,  a  committer*  of  three 
was  appointed  by  the  President  to  consider  the  constitutional 
change  recommended  by  him  in  his  report  as  to  the  length  of 
the  term  for  which  the  position  of  President  of  the  Society  should 
be  filled  by  any  member.  The  following  gentlemen  were  ap- 
pointed: Messrs.  Rosewell  Page,  Frank  H.  McGqire,  and  Dr. 
B.  W.  Green. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Wyndham  R.  Meredith,  the  Chair  appointed 
the  following  gentlemen  as  a  committee  on  the  nomination  of 


XIV  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 

officers  for  1894:  Messrs.  Meredith,  Ellyson,  Hutzler,  Hunter, 
and  Patteson.  The  committee  reported  the  names  of  the  follow- 
ing :  President,  Joseph  Bryan,  of  Richmond,  Va.  Vice-Presi- 
dents, Hon.  J.  L.  M.  Curry,  of  Washington,  D.  C;  Colonel 
Archer  Anderson,  of  Richmond,  Va.;  and  Dr.  William  P.  Pal- 
mer, of  Richmond,  Va.  Corresponding  Secretary  and  Librarian, 
Philip  A.  Bruce;  Recording  Secretary,  David  C.  Richardson, 
Richmond,  Va. ;  Treasurer,  Robert  T.  Brooke,  Richmond, 
Va.;  Executive  Committee,  Prof.  Lyon  G.  Tyler,  Williams- 
burg, Va.;  E.  V.  Valentine,  Charles  V.  Meredith,  Dr.  B.  W. 
Green,  F.  H.  McGuire,  B.  B.  Munford,  R.  H.  Gaines,  Rose- 
well  Page,  Virginius  Newton,  and  R.  L.  Traylor,  of  Richmond, 
Va.;  Prof.  R.  H.  Dabney,  University  of  Virginia  ;  Robert  M. 
Hughes,  of  Norfolk,  Va. 

The  following  annual  members  of  the  Society  were  elected : 
Messrs.  Gaillard  Hunt  and  John  Herbert  Corning,  of  Washing* 
ton,  D.  C,  and  Daniel  Grinnan  and  J.  Stewart  Bryan,  of  Rich- 
mond, Va. 

On  motion  of  Major  John  Hunter,  Jr.,  a  committee  composed 
of  Messrs.  Hunter,  Ellyson,  Guy,  and  Patteson  was  appointed  to 
act  in  conjunction  with  the  Executive  Committee  in  securing  leg- 
islative aid  for  the  Society. 

The  Publication  Committee  was  instructed  to  have  printed  the 
Annual  Address,  the  Revised  Constitution,  and  a  list  of  the 
names  of  the  members  of  the  Society. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Jackson  Guy,  a  resolution  was  unanimously 
adopted  thanking  Mrs.  John  Stewart,  of  Brook  Hill,  Va.,  and 
her  daughters,  in  the  name  of  the  Virginia  Historical  Society, 
for  their  munificent  gift  of  the  Lee  residence. 


CONSTITUTEON 


OF  THE 


Virginia  Historical  Society. 


[Adopted  March  lo,  1870.    Amended  December  14,  1893.] 


ARTICLE  I. 

The  objects  of  the  Society  shall  be  the  collection ,  preservation 
and  dissemination  of  everything  relating  to  the  history,  antiqui- 
ties and  literature  of  the  State  of  Virginia  particularly,  and  the 
United  States  in  general. 

ARTICLE  II. 

The  fiscal  year  shall  terminate  on  the  31st  of  October,  and  the 
terms  of  office  shall  expire  on  the  31st  of  December. 

ARTICLE  III. 

The  Society  shall  be  composed  of  Regular,  Life,  Correspond- 
ing and  Honorary  members. 

ARTICLE  IV. 

• 

The  officers  of  the  Society  shall  be  a  President,  First,  Second 
and  Third  Vice-Presidents,  a  Corresponding  Secretary,  a  Re- 
cording Secretary,  a  Treasurer,  and  a  Librarian,  and  these  shall 
continue  in  office  until  their  successors  are  elected,  unless 
vacancies  occur  by  death,  resignation  or  removal,  in  which  case 
the  Executive  Committee  shall  have  power  to  appoint  officers  ad 
interim.  The  term  of  office  of  President  and  Vice-President 
shall  be  for  one  year;  but  no  member  shall  be  eligible  to  either 
of  said  offices  for  more  than  three  successive  terms. 


XVI  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   SOCIETY. 


ARTICLE  V. 

The  President, Vice  Presidents,  Secretaries  and  Treasurer,  to- 
gether with  twelve  members,  shall  constitute  a  committee  to  be 
called  the  Executive  Committee. 

ARTICLE  VI. 

All  the  officers  and  members  of  the  committee  named  in  the 
preceding  sections  shall  be  elected  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the 
Society,  by  ballot. 

ARTICLE  VII. 

. 

The  duties  of  the  several  officers  shall  be  those  which  are  usu- 
ally exercised  by  such  officers,  respectively,  and  may  be  more 
particularly  defined  in  the  By-Laws  established  by  the  Execu- 
tive Committee. 

ARTICLE  VIII. 

The  Executive  Committee  shall  appoint  their  own  Chairman.and 
have  power  tQ  fill  any  vacancy  that  may  occur  in  their  own  body; 
to  remove  the  Treasurer  and  Librarian;  to  ordain  and  establish 
such  By-Laws  as  they  shall  deem  necessary  and  proper ;  to  call 
meeetings;  to  elect  all  members  of  the  Society,  and  in  general, 
do  all  things  which  they  shall  deem  expedient  to  secure  the  ob- 
jects of  the  Society  and  promote  its  general  welfare  in  all  re- 
spects. They  shall  meet  once  a  month,  and  oftener  if  they  deem 
it  necessary,  and  any  six  members  shall  constitute  a  quorum. 
They  shall  have  power  to  appoint  members  of  the  Society  who 
are  not  members  of  the  Committee  to  serve  on  special  commit- 
tees whenever  it  is  necessary.  Absence  from  three  consecutive 
regular  meetings  of  the  Executive  Committee,  by  a  member  of 
said  Committee  resident  in  Richmond,  without  excuse,  shall  be 
regarded  as  equivalent  to  the  resignation  of  such  member. 

ARTICLE  IX. 

All  members  of  the  Society  shall  be  nominated  at  a  regular 
monthly  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee,  and  shall  be 
elected  in  such  manner  as  shall  be  provided  in  the  By-Laws. 


CONSTITUTION.  XVll 


ARTICLE  X. 

Regular  members  shall  pay  an  admission  fee  of  one  dollar 
($i.oo)  upon  receiving  notice  of  their  election,  and  five  dollars 
on  the  first  day  of  every  subsequent  year.  Life  members  shall 
pay  fifty  dollars  within  thirty  days  after  their  election.  If  any 
regular  member  shall  fail  to  pay  his  subscription  for  two  years, 
or  at  any  time  shall  refuse  to  pay  the  same,  he  shall  forfeit  all 
his  rights  and  privileges  of  membership,  and  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee shall  cause  his  name  to  be  erased  from  the  list  of  members. 
Every  member  upon  his  election  shall  be  deemed  to  have  sub- 
scribed to  the  current  publications  of  the  Society,  and  shall 
receive  the  same  for  the  current  year  upon  payment  therefor  at 
the  rate  of  $i.oo  per  quarter.  Provided  that  no  member  shall 
be  required  to  pay  more  than  $5.00  in  one  year  for  all  dues. 

ARTICLE  XI. 

Corresponding  members  may  be  elected  from  such  persons  as 
may  appear  to  be  entitled  to  such  distinction  from  their  connec- 
tion with  historical  or  literary  pursuits,  or  may  indicate  a  dispo- 
sition to  contribute  to  the  collections  .or  promote  the  objects  of 
the  Society. 

ARTICLE  XII. 

The  annual  meetings  of  the  Society  for  the  election  of  officers 
and  the  transaction  of  business  shall  be  held  in  the  city  of  Rich- 
mond on  the  second  Thursday  in  December  of  each  year,  at  such 
place  as  the  Executive  Committee  shall  designate  by  advertise- 
ment, and  an  adjourned  meeting  shall  be  held  on  the  evening  ot 
the  same  or  a  subsequent  day,  to  which  the  public  shall  be  in- 
vited, when  there  shall  be  a  suitable  address  or  discourse  by 
some  person  selected  by  the  Executive  Committee  to  perform 
this  duty  on  that  occasion.  Fifteen  members  shall  constitute  a 
quorum  of  the  Society  at  any  meeting. 

ARTICLE  XIII. 

At  the  annual  business  meeting  of  the  Society  the  Executive 
Committee  shall  make  a  full  report  of  their  operations  during  the 


XVlll  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 

previous  year,  and  so  much  of  this  report  as  may  be  deemed 
advisable  shall  be  presented  at  the  public  meeting  of  the  Society. 

ARTICLE  XIV. 

This  Constitution  may  be  amended  at  any  general  meeting  of 
the  Society  by  the  vote  of  the  majority  of  members  present, 
when  such  amendment  shall  be  recommended  by  the  Executive 
Committee,  or  if  not  so  recommended  notice  thereof  shall  have 
been  given  at  some  previous  meeting  of  the  Society. 


N 


OFFICERS  AND  MEMBERS 


OF  THE 


Virginia  Historical  Society, 


JANUARY  1,  1804. 


President. 

Joseph  Bryan,  Richmond,  Virginia. 

Uice-  Presidents, 

J.  L.  M.  Curry,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Archer  Anderson,  Richmond,  Va. 
William  P.  Palmer,  M.  D.,  Richmond,  Va. 

Corresponding  Secretary  and  Librarian, 

Philip  A.  Bruce,  Richmond,  Va. 

Recording  Secretary, 

D.  C.  Richardson,  Richmond,  Va. 

Treasurer. 

Robert  T.  Brooke,  Richmond,  Va. 

Executive  Committee. 

Lyon  G.  TYLER,Williamsburg.  Va.  R.  H.  Gaines,  Richmond,  Va. 

E.  V.  Valentine,  Richmond,Va.    Rosewell  Page,  Richmond,  Va. 
C.  V.  Meredith,  Richmond,  Va.   Virginius  Newton, Richmond,  Va. 
Dr.  B.  W.  Green,  Richmond,  Va.    R.  L.  Traylor,  Richmond, Va. 

F.  H.  McGuiRE,  Richmond,  Va.       R.  H.  Dabney,  University  of  Va. 
B.  B.  MuNFORD,  Richmond,  Va.       Robert  M.  Hughes,  Norfolk,  Va. 

and^  ex-officio,  the  President,  Vice-President,  Secretaries, 

and  Treasurer, 


XX 


VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 


HONORARY  MEMBERS. 

Arber,  Prof.  Edw'd,  Birmingham,  Eng'd.  SpofTord,  Hon.  A.  R.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Gilbert,  Hon.  J.  W.,  New  York,  N.  Y.  Stewart.  Mrs.  John,  Brook  Hill,  Va. 

Jones,  D.  D.,  Rev.  John  Wm.,  Atlanta,  Ga.  VVhitsitt,  D.  D.,  Rev.  W.  H.,  Louisville, Ken- 
Keane,  Prof.  A.  H.,  London,  Eng'd.  tucky. 

Sainsbury,  W.  Noel,  London,  Eng'd.  Winthrop,  Hon.  Robert  C,  Boston,  Mass. 


CORRESPONDING  MEMBERS. 


Adams,  F.  G.,  Topeka,  Kansas. 
Atrill,  Chas.  H.,  London,  Eng'd. 
Bacon.  H.  F.,  Bury  St.  Edmund,  Eng'd. 
Bank»,  M.  D.,  Chas.  E.,  Chelsea,  Mass, 
Barber,  E.  A.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Bryant,  H.  W.  Portland,  Me. 
Campeau,  Hon.  F.  R.  E.,  Ottawa,  Canada. 
Carrington,  Gen.  H.  B.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Champlin,  Jr.,  J.  D.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Craig,  Isaac,  Alleghany,  Pa. 
Dean,  John  Ward,  Boston,  Mass. 
Darling,  Gen.  C.  W.,  Utica,  N.  Y. 
Drake,  Col.  S.  A.,  Kennebunkport,  Me. 
Egle,  M.  D.,  Wm.  H.,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 
Femow,  Berthold,  Washington,  D  C. 
Graham,  A.  A.,  Columbus,  O. 
Green,  M.  D.,  Hon.  S.  A.,  Boston,  Mass. 

Wright,  W.  H.  K 


Hart,  Chas.  H.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Hayden,  Rev.  H.  E.,  Wilkes-Barre.  Pa. 
Hinsdale,  Prof.  B.  A.,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 
Hoadly,  Hon.  C.  J.,  Hartford,  Conn. 
Hoes,  Rev.  R.  R  ,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Judah,  George  F.,  Spanish  Town,  Jamaica. 
Lee,  J.  W.  M.,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Neill,  D.  D.,  Rev.  E.  D.,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
Nicholson,  Col.  J.  P.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Perry,  Hon,  Amos,  Providence,  R.  I. 
Peyster,  Gen.  J.    Watts  de.   New  York, 

N.  Y. 
Phillimore,  W.  P.  W.,  London,  Eng'd. 
Rose,  Josiah,  Lancaster,  Eng'd. 
Ross,  Hon.  D.  A.,  Quebec,  Canada. 
Stone,  F.  D.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Thwing,  E.  P.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
,  Plymouth,  Eng'd. 


LIFE  MEMBERS. 


Alexander,  H.  M.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Astor  Library,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Barksdale,  George  A.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Barksdale,  M.  D.,  R.,  Petersburg,  Va. 
Barney,  M.  D.,  C.  G.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Beverley,  Colonel  R.,  The  Plains,  Va. 
Bosher,  Charles  H.,  New  York,  N  Y. 
Boston  Athenaeum,  Boston,  Mass. 
Brooks,  P.  C,  Boston,  Mass. 
Bryan,  Joseph,  Richmond,  Va. 
Byrd,  George  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Buckler,  W.  H.,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Cabell,  J.  Alston,  Richmond,  Va. 
Conway,  M.  D.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Columbia  College,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Cleburne,  Dr.  C.  J.,  U.  S.  N.,  Portsmouth, 

N.  H. 
Cottrell,  James  L.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Davenport,  Jr.,  Isaac,  Richmond,  Va. 
Ellis,  Col.  Thomas  H.,  Washington,  D.  C 
Fish,  Hon.  Hamilton,  Garrisons,  N.Y. 
Gary,  J.  A.,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Graflflin,  John  C,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Grandy,  C.  Wiley,  Norfolk,  Va. 
Gratz,  Simon,  Philadelphia,  Pa 


Grigsby,  H.  C,  Smithville,  Va. 
Holliday,  Hon.  F.  W.  M.,  Winchester, Va. 
Hughes,  R.  M.,  Norfolk,  Va. 
Ingalls,  M.  E.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
Jones,  William  Ellis,  Richmond,  Va. 
Lee,  General  G  W.  C,  Lexington,  Va. 
Leigh,  C.  J.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Leiter,  L.  Z.,  Chicago,  III. 
Logan,  General  T.  M.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Mallory,  Hon.  E.  S.,  Jackson,  Tenn. 
Mather,  Mrs.  M.  H.,  Bound  Brook,  N.J. 
Minor,  B.  B.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Purcell,  John,  Richmond,  Va. 
Richardson,  D.  C,  Richmond,  Va. 
Richeson,  Thomas,  St.  Louis,  Mo- 
Rives,  Arthur  L.,  Newport,  R.  I. 
Rives,  George  Lockhart,  New  YorK,  N.  Y. 
Richmond,  Va.,  College  Library. 
Talcott,  Colonel  T.  M.  R.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Traylor,  R.  L.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Walker,  Major  D.  N.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Washington  &  Lee  Univ.,  Lexington,Va. 
Whitehead,  J.  B.,  Norfolk,  Va. 
Wickham,  Henry  T.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Williams,  Thomas  C,  Richmond,  Va. 


LIST   OF   MEMBERS. 


XXI 


REGULAR  MEMBERS 


Adams,  Walter,  Framingham,  Mass. 
Addison,  E.  B.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Addison,  John,  Richmond,  Va. 
Aldrich,  Hon.  P.  Emory,  Worcester,  Mass. 
Alexander,  D.  D.,  Rev.  H.  C,  Oakland, 

Md. 
Alexander,  John  H.,  Leesburg:,  Va. 
Alexander.  L.  D.,  New  York  City,  N.  V. 
Alfriend,  Thomas  L.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Al{;er,  Gen.  Russell  A.,  Detroit,  Mich., 
Allison,  James  W.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Anderson,  Col.  Archer,  Richmond,  Va. 
Anderson,  Gen.  Charles  J.,  Richmond.  Va. 
Anderson,  Jas.  Harper,  Richmond,  Va. 
Anderson,  Jas.  Lewis,  Richmond,  Va. 
Anderson,  W.  A.,  Lexington,  Va. 
Andrews,  O.,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Archer,  Alexander  W.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Atkinson,  Thomas,  Richmond,  Va. 
.Axtell,  Decatur,  Richmond,  Va- 

Baker,  R.  H.,  Norfolk,  Va. 
Baldwin,  Dudley,  Cleveland,  O. 
Banister,  Rev.  T.  Lewis,  Hartford,  N.  Y. 
Barton,  Jas.  H.,  Barton  Heights,  Va. 
Barton,  R.  T.,  Winchester,  Va. 
Baskerville,  H.  E.  C.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Battle,  K.  P..  Chapel  Hill.  N.  C 
Baxter,  W.  H.,  Petersburg,  Va. 
Bayard,  Hon.  T.  F.,  Wilmington,  Del. 
Beasley,  J.  B.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Beer,  George  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Benet,  Mrs.  Gen.  L.  V.,  Washington,  D.C. 
Benney,  James,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 
Benson,  Arthur  P.,  Salem,  Mass. 
Bien,  Joseph  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Bird,  Professor  H.  S.,  Williamsburg,  Va. 
Bispham,  J.  D.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
BIackf<M-d,  Prof.  L.  M.,  Alexandria,  Va. 
Blackford,  Charles  M.,  Lynchburg,  Va. 
Blair,  Adolphus,  Richmond,  Va. 
Blair,  Lewis  H.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Blanton,  L.  M.,  Richmond,  Va 
Botsseau,  P.  H.,  Danville,  Va. 
Booth,  M.  D.,  E.  G.,  Carter's  Grove,  Va. 
Bosher,  Charles  G.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Bosher,  Major  Robert  S.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Boston  (Mass.)    Public    Library,    Boston^ 

Mass. 
Boulware,  Aubin  L.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Bourguin,  F.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Boykin,  Colonel  F.  M  ,  Richmond,  Va. 


Brackett,  Jeffrey  R.,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Bradlee,  D.  D.,  Rev.  C.  D.,  Boston,  Mass. 
Branch,  Major  John  P.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Brandt,  Jackson,  Richmond,  Va. 
Bridges,  W.  M.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Broadhead,  Prof.  G.  C,  Columbia,  Mo. 
Broadhead,  Hon.  J.  O.,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 
Broadhead,  Lucas,  Spring  Station,  Ky. 
Bronson,  M.  D.,  Henry,  New  Haven,  Conn. 
Brooke,  Robert  T.  Richmond,  Va. 
Broun,  Maj.  T.  L.,  Charleston,  W.  Va. 
Brown,  Prof.  W.  G.,  Lexington   Va. 
Browning,  J,  S..  Pocahontas,  Va. 
Bruce,  Hon.  Charles  M.,  Phrenix,  Arizona. 
Bruce,  Horatio  W.,  Louisville,  Ky. 
Bruce,  Prof.  James  D  ,  Bryn  Mawr,  Pa. 
Bruce,  Philip  A.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Bruce,  T.  Seddon,  Richmond,  Va. 
Bruce,  William  Cabell,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Bryan,  Mrs.  Joseph,  Richmond,  Va. 
Bryan,  J.  Stewart,  Richmond,  Va. 
Brjant,  Lewis  E.,  Harriman,  Tenn. 
Buchanan,  Hon   John  A  ,  Abingdon,  Va. 
Buford,  Colonel  A.  S.,  Richmond,  Va- 
Bullitt,  W.  C,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Burgfwyn,  Col.  C.  P.  E.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Burnett,  H.  C,  Richmond,  Va.. 

Cabell,  Rev.  P.  B.,  Wilmington,  Del. 
Cabell,  W.  D.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Caine,  Paul,  Louisville,  Ky. 
California  State  Library,  Sacramento,  Cal. 
Callahan,  G.  C,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 
Cameron,  Alexander,  Richmond,  Va. 
Cannon,  E.  Y.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Carlisle,  Calderon,  Washington.  D.  C- 
Carmichael,  Rev.  Hartley,  Richmond,  Va 
Carne,  Rev.  R.  L.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Carpenter,  R.  D.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Carrington,  Major  P.  R.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Carrington,  W.  Scott,  Richmond,  Va. 
Carter,  Professor  F.,  Williamstown,  Mass. 
Carter,  Col.  Thos.  H  ,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Cary,  Colonel  J.  B.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Car)',  Prof.  Jos.  J.,  New  York  city,  N.  Y. 
Cary,  W.  M.,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Cary,  Colonel  W.  Miles,  Richmond,  Va. 
Caskie,  James,  Richmond,  Va. 
Catlin,  E.  A.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Chamblin,  John,  Richmond,  Va. 
Chaney,  Rev.  G.  L.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Channing,  Prof.  Edward,  Cambridge,  Mass. 


XXll 


VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   SOCIETY. 


Children,  John  K.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Chase.  W.  T.,  Chase's  Wharf,  Va. 
Christian,  A.  H.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Christian,  E.  D.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Christian,  Frank  W.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Christian,  Judge  Geo.  L.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Clark,  Clarence  H.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Clark,  M.  A.,  Clarksville,  Tenn. 
Clarke,  Arthur  B.,  Richmond.  Va. 
Clyde,  W.  P.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Cocke,  Preston,  Richmond,  Va. 
Cocke,  Prof.  Charles  H.,  Columbus,  Miss- 
Coke,  Captain  John  A.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Cole,  Dr.  H.  W.,  Danville,  Va. 
Coleman,  Chas.  W.  Jr.,  Williamsburg,  Va. 
Colston,  Edward,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
Conrad,  Major  Holmes,  Winchester,  Va. 
Constant,  S.  V.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Cornell  University  Library,  Ithica,  N.  Y. 
Coming,  John  Herbert ,^Washmgton,  D.  C 
Cottrell,  James  C,  Richmond,  Va. 
Cottrell,  O.  L.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Courtenay,  Hon.Wni.  A.,  Charleston,  S.  C- 
Cranz,  Oscar,  Richmond,  Va. 
Crenshaw,  Jr.,  L.  D.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Crenshaw,  S.  Dabney,  Richmond,  Va. 
Crocker,  Major  J.  F.,  Portsmouth,  Va. 
Cropper,  John,  Washington.  D.  C. 
Crump,  Beverly  T.,  Richmond.  Va 
Crump,  Edward  T.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Crump,  Hon.  W.  W.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Cullingworth.  J.  N.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Cullingworth,  W.  H.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Cunningham,  F.  W.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Curry,  Hon.  J.  L.  M  ,  Washington,  DC. 
Cussons,  Captain  John,  Glen  Allen,  Va. 
Cutchins,  Captain  Sol,  Richmond,  Va. 
Cutshaw,  Colonel  W.E.,  Richmond,  Va. 

Dabney,  Jr.,  Prof.  CW.,  Knoxville,  Tenn. 
Dabney,  Prof.  R.H.,  University  of  Va. 
Dabney,  M.  D..  Prof.  W.  C,  University  of 

Va. 
Daniel,  J.  R.  V.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Davenport,  Charles,  Richmond,  Va. 
Davenport,  G.  A.,  Richmond,  Va 
Davie,  Pascal,  Petersburg,  Va. 
Davies,  W.  G.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Davis,  Hon.  J.  C.  B.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Dawes,  Colonel  E.  C,  Cincinnati,  O. 
Day,  Colonel  C.  F.,  Smithfield,  Va. 
Deats,  H.  E.,  Flemington,  N.J. 
Denham,  Edward,  New  Bedford,  Mass. 
Denman,  H.  B.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Dennia,  Judge  J.  Upshur,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Denny,  Prof.  Geo.  H.,  Charlottesville,  Va. 


Detroit  Public  Library',  Detroit,  Mich. 
Dewitt,  John  E.,  Portland,  Me. 
Dexter,  Hon.  Julius,  Cincinnati,  O. 
Dickerson,  J.  E.,  Asheville,  N.  C 
Dickerson,  Jr.,  J.  H.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Dickinson,  Colonel  A.  G.,  New  York,  N.  Y 
DlSTfP,  J'  Singleton,  Lynchburg,  Va. 
Dimmock,  Captain  M.  J.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Donnan,  Allan  E,  Richmond,  Va. 
Doswell,  Major  J.  T  ,  Fredericksburg,  Va. 
Downey,  M.,  Richmond,  Va 
Drewry,  Clay,  Richmond,  Va. 
Duke,  Hon.  R.  T.  W.,  Charlottesville,  Va. 
Duke,  Jr.,  Judge  R.  T.  W.,  Charlottesville, 

Va. 
Dunbar, J.  6.,  Bloomfield,  N.J. 
Dunn,  Dr.  John,  Richmond,  Va. 
Dupont,  H.  A.,  Wilmington,  Del. 
Durrett.  Colonel  R.  T.,  Louisville,  Ky- 

Eaton,  George  G.,  Washington.  D.  C- 
Ellett,  John  S.,  Richmond,  Va. 
EUett,  Colonel  Tazewell,  Richmond,  Va. 
Elly.son,  Hon.  J.  Taylor,  Richmond,  Va. 
Endicott,  Hon.  William  C,  Salem,  Mass. 
English,  Hon.  Wm.  H.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Fair,  D.  D.,  Rev.  James  Y.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Farragut,  Lloyd,  New  York,  N.  Y- 
Farrar,  J.  B.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Fergusson,  J.  W.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Figgalt,  Hon.  J.  H.  H.,  Fincastle,  Va. 
Fiske,  Prof.  John,  Cambridge,  Mass. 
Fitzhugh,  Carter  H.,  Chicago,  III. 
Fleming,  Colonel  R.  J.,  Washington,  D.  C 
Flournoy,  Hon.  H.  W.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Fogg,  M.  D.,  John  S.  H.,  Boston,  Mass. 
Folsom,  A.  .\.,  Brookline,  Mass 
Force,  General  M.  F.,  Sandusky,  Ohio. 
Ford,  Worthinglon  C,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Forrest,  D.  D.,  Rev.  D.  F.,  Clarksburg.  W. 

Va. 
Fox,  W.  F.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Frazier,  Harry,  Richmond,  Va. 
Freeman,  John  C,  Richmond.Va. 
Frierson,  G.  F.,  Columbia,  Tenn. 
Fulkerson,  S.  V.,  Bristol,Va. 
Fulton,  J.  H.,  Wytheville.Va. 

Gaines,  C.  Carringion,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 
Gaines,  Colonel  Grenville,  Warrenlon,  Va- 
Gaines,  R.  H.,  Richmond,  Va. 
G&ines,  W.  P.,  Austin,  Texas. 
Garber,  Major  A.  W.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Garland,  J.  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Garlick,  M.  D.,  Jas.  H.,  Williamsburg,Va 


LIST   OF   MEMBERS. 


xxin 


Garnett,  P.rof.  J.  M.,  University  of  Virginia. 
Garrett,  Hon.  W.  R.,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
Garrett,  M.  D.,  Prof.  Van  F.,  Williamsburg, 

Va.  ' 

General  Theological  Seminary,  New  York, 

N.  V. 
George,  Major  J.  P.,  Richmond,  Va 
Gibbs,  Mrs.  Virginia  B.,  Newport,  R.  I. 
Gilliam,  R.  D.,  Petersburg,  Va. 
Gilman,  Prof.  D.  C,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Ginter,  Major  Lewis,  Richmond,  V». 
Glasgow,  Hon.  W.  A.,  Lexington,  Va. 
Glennan,  Colonel  M.,  Norfolk,  Va. 
Goode,  Prof.  G.  Brown,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Goode,  Hon.  John,  Washington,  D.  C 
Goddin,  Charles  W.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Godwin,  Miss  M.  H.,  Fiii€astle,Va. 
Goodwin,  Mrs.  M.  W.,  New  York,  N.  V. 
Gordon,  Hon.  Basil  B.,  Rappahannock,Va. 
Graham,  Judge  S.  C,  Tazewell,  Va. 
Gray,  W.  F.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Green,  Dr.  B.  W.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Griffith,  W.  R.,  Baltimore,  Md 
Grinnan,  Daniel,  Richmond.  Va. 
Gunter,  Hon.  B.  T.,  Accomac  C  H.,  Va. 
Guillardeu,  W.  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Guy,  Jackson,  Richmond,  Va. 

Handle}',  Judge  John,  Scranton,  Pa. 
Harris,  Hon.  John  T.,  Harrisonburg,  Va. 
Harrison,  Hon.    Benjamin,    Indianapolis, 

Ind. 
Harrison.  M.  D.,  Geo.  T.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Harrison,  James  P  ,  Danville,  Va. 
Harrison,  Randolph,  Lynchburg,  Va. 
Harvard  University,  Cambridge,  Mass. 
Haskins,  Colonel  Meade,  Richmond,  Va. 
Havves,  S.  H.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Hawes,  Horace,  Richmond,  Va. 
Hawley,  Hon.  E.  S.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
Haxall,  Captain  Philip,  Richmond,  Va. 
Heaton,  A.  G.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Heffelfinger,  Jacob,  Hampton,  Va. 
Henneman,  Prof.  J.  B.,  Hampden  Sidney, 

Va. 
Henry,  R.  R.,  Tazewell,  Va. 
Henry,  Hon.  W.  W.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Herbert,  Colonel  A.,  Alexandria,  Va. 
Heyl,  U.  S.  A.,  Col.  E.  M.,  Chicago,  111. 
Higham,  W.  R.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Hin,  W.  M.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Hoar,  Hon.  George  F.,  Worcester,  Mass. 
Hoge,  Arista,  Staunton,  Va. 
Hoge,  M.  D.,  M.  D.,  Jr.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Hodgson,  Rev.  Telfair,  Sewanee,  Tenn. 
Hooe,  Captain  James  C,  Alexandria,  Va. 


Hooe,  P    B.,  Washington,  D.  C 
Hopkins,  J.  W.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Hotchkiss,  Elmore  D.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Howard,  Maj.  McH.,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Howell,  M.  B.,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
Hudson,  John  E.,  Boston,  Mass. 
Hughart,  W.O. ,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 
Hughes,  Charles  J.,  Jr.,  Denver,  Col. 
Hughes,  Hon.  R.  W.,  Norfolk,  Va. 
Hume,  Frank,  Alexandria,  Va. 
Humphreys,  Arthur,  Norfolk,  Va. 
Hunnewell,  J.  F.,  Charleston,  Mass. 
Hunt,Gaillard,  Washington,  D.  C- 
Hunt,  DeLa,  Thos.  James,  Cannelton,  Ind. 
Hunter,  Jr.,  Major  John,  Richmond,  Va. 
Hutzler,  H.  S..  Richmond.  Va. 

Indiana  State  Library,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
Ingram.  Judge  John  H.,  Richmond,  Va. 

Jackson,  John,  Richmond,  Va. 
James,  Edward  W.,  Norfolk,  Va. 
Jenkins,  Iredell,  Richmond,  Va. 
Jenkins,  John  B.,  Norfolk,  Va. 
Jenkins,  Luther  H.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Jenkins,  U.  S.  N.,  Rear  Admiral,  T.   A  , 

Washington,  D.  C. 
Jones,  Dr.  Henry  C  ,  Richmond,  Va 
Jones,  Henley  T.,  Williamsburg,  Va. 
Jones,  Miss  Mary  Morris,  Richmond,  Va. 
Jones,  Meriwether,  Richmond,  Va. 
Jones,  William  Henry,  Richmond,  Va. 

Kean,  Colonel  R.  G.  H.,  Lynchburg,  Va. 
Keane,  Rt.  Rev.  J.  J.,  Washington,  D.  C 
Keith,  Charles  P.,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 
Kent,  Ph.  D.,  Prof.  C  W.,  Univ.  of  Va. 
Kilby,  Wilbur  J.,  Suffolk,  Va. 
Kirkman,  U.  S.  A  ,  Lieut  George  W.,  Be- 

nicia,  Cal. 
Knabe,  William,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Lamb,  Judge  J .  C . ,  Richmond,  Va . 
Lamb,  Col.  Wm..  Norfolk,  Va. 
Lamborn,  Dr.  R.  H..  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Lancaster,  R.  A  ,  Richmond,  Va. 
Lassiter,  Major  F.  R.,  Petersburg,  Va. 
Lawton,  W.  P.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Leake,  Judge  William  Josiah,  Richmond, 

Va. 
Lee,  Captain  R.  E.,  Lexington,  Va. 
Leigh,  Egbert  G.,  Jr.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Lenox  Library,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Letcher,  S.  Houston,  Lexington,  Va. 
Lewis,  John  H.,  Lynchburg,  Va. 
Lewis,  Thomas,  Roanoke,  Va. 


XXIV 


VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 


Lcv>',  Jefferson  M.,  Charlottesville,  Va. 
Library  Company,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Lindsay,  D.   D.,  Rev.   John  H-,  Boston, 

Mass. 
Lively,  E    H . ,  Irwin,  Va. 
Lodge,  Hon.  H.  C-,  Nahant,  Mass. 
Loni;:,  Hon.  A.  R.,  Lynchburg,  Va. 
Low,  Selh,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Loyall,  Captain  B.  P.,  Norfolk,  Va. 
Luce,  J.  D.  Henley,  Boston,  Mass 
'    Lurty,  Major  W.  S.,  Harrisonburg,  Va. 
Lyons,  James,  Richmond,  Va. 

Mackoy,  William  H.,  Covington.  Ky. 
Mahoney,  M.  D..  John,  Richmond,  Va. 
Maine  State  Librar>',  Augusta,  Me. 
Mallory,  U.S.  A.,Lt.J.S.,  Fort  Antonio, 

Tex. 
Mann,  Judge  W.  H.,  Nottoway  C.  H.,  Va. 
Marks,  A.  D.,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
Marks,  Arthur  H.,  Winchester,  Tenn. 
Marshall,  Colonel  Charles,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Martin,  Hon.  Thomas  S.,  Scottsville,  Va. 
Marye,  Hon.  J.  L  ,  Fredericksburg,  Va. 
Mason,  of  R.,  John  T.,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Massachusetts  State  Library,  Boston,  Mass. 
Massie,  Eugene  C,  Richmond,  Va. 
Maury,  Colonel  R.  L.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Mayo,  E.  C,  Richmond,  Va. 
Mayo,  P.  H.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Menefie,  R.  J-,  Louisville,  Ky. 
Mercantile  Library  Association,  New  York, 

N.  Y. 
Mercer,  W.  R.,  Doylestown,  Pa. 
Meredith,  Charles  V.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Meredith.  W.  R., 
Merrill,  Prof.  George  F. , 
Merrill,  H.  C,  Washington,  DC 
Metropolitan  Club,  Washington,  D.  C 
Miller,  Thomas  W.,  Roanoke,  Va 
Minneapolis  Athenaeum,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
Minor,  Prof.  J.  B.,  University  of  Va. 
Mitchell,  Kirkwood.  Richmond,  Va. 
Moncure,  M.  D.,  James  D.,  Williamsburg. 

Va. 
Moncure,  W.  A.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Moon,  Ellis  M., 
Moore  Josiah  S.,  '* 

Moore,  M.  D.,  Thomas  J.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Moore,  Warner,  Richmond,  Va. 
Morse,  Prof.  A.  D.,  Amherst,  Mass. 
Munford,  B.  B.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Munford,  R.  B.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Murphy,  Colonel  John,  Richmond,  Va. 
Mushbach,  Geo.  A.,  Alexandria,  Va. 
Myers,  Major  E.  T.  D.,  Richmond,  Va. 


Myers,  Lilbum  T.,  Portsmouth,  Va. 
McAdams,  George  B.,  Richmond,  Va. 
McAllister,  J .  T.,  Warm  Springs,  Va. 
McCabe,  Prof.  W.  G.,  Petersburg,  Va. 
McCaw,  M.  D.,  J:  B.,  Richmond,  Va 
McClelland,  Miss  M.  G  ,  Norwood,  Va. 
McClintock,  A.  H.,  Wilkes-Barre,  Pa. 
McGuire,  M.  D.,  Edward.  Richmond,  Va- 
McGuire,  Frank  H., 
McGuire.  M.  D.,  Hunter,  " 

McGuire, J.  P.,  '• 

Mcllwaine,  Hon.  W.  B.,  Petersburg,  Va. 
McKinney,  Gov.  P.  W.,  Richmond,  Va. 
M'Laughlin,  Judge  Wn).,  Lexington,  Va. 

Nance,  W.  V.,  May  Bury,  W.  Va. 
Nash,  M.  D  ,  F.  S.,  Washington,  D.  C 
Nash,  M.  D.,  H.  M.,  Norfolk,  Va. 
Navy  Department   Library,  Washington, 

D.  C 
New  York  Sons  of  the  Revolution,  New 

York,  N.  Y. 
New  York  State  Library,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
Newton,  Mrs.  B.  T.,  Norfolk,  Va. 
Newton,  Virgin i us,  Richmond,  Va. 
Nolting,  E.  O.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Norris,  S.  Henry,  Philadelphia.  Pa 
Norris,  M.  D.,  W.  E., Charlottesville,  Va. 
North  Carolina  State  Library,  Raleigh, 

N.  C 

Ohio  State  Library,  Columbus.  Ohio. 
Old,  Major  W.  W..  Norfolk,  Va. 
Orcutt,  J.  H.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Ordway,  General  Albert, Washington,  D  C 
Otis,  Philo.  A.,  Chicago,  111. 
Ott,  John,  Roanoke,  Va- 

Pace,  James  B.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Page,  LeghR.,  " 

Page,  Major  Mann,  Brandon,  Va- 
Page,  M.D.R.C.  M.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Page,  Rosewell,  Richmond,  Va. 
Page,  Thomas  Nelson,  Washington,  D.C 
Palmer,  Col.  Wm.  H.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Palmer,  M.  D.,  W.  P., 
Parkman,  Prof.  Francis,  Boston,  Mass- 
Parks,  Marshall,  Norfolk,  Va. 
Parliament,  Library  of,  Ottawa,  Canada. 
Parrish,  Hon.  R.  L.,  Covington,  Va. 
Patteson,  S.  S.  P.,  Richmond, 
Patterson,  A.  W.,  Richmond,         " 
Patton,  Major  James  D.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Patton,  Mercer  W- ,  New  Orleans,  La. 
Payne,  General  Wm.  H.,  Warrenton,  Va. 
Pell,  F.  A  ,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


LIST   OF   MEMBERS. 


XXV 


«i 


«( 


Pennsylvania  State  Library,  Harrisburg^, 

Pa. 
Percy,  M.  D.,  U    S.  N..  H.  S.,  Washing- 

ington,  D.  C. 
Peterkin,  Mrs.  Geo.  W. .  Brook  Hill,  Va. 
Peyton,  Major  Green,  University  of  Va. 
Pickett,  Dr   Thomas  E.,  Maysville,  Ky. 
Pickrell,  John,  Richmond,  Va. 
Pleasants,  James,  Richmond,  Va. 
Poindexter,  Charles,  Richmond,  Va. 
Pollard,  H.  R.,  Richmond, 
Pope,  John,  Richmond, 
Potts,  Allen,  Richmond, 
Potts.  Thomas,  Richmond, 
Powell.  John  H.,  Richmond,  " 

Pratt  Free  Library,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Prentis,  R.  R,  Suffolk,  Va. 
Preston  W.  C,  Richmond,  Va. 
Pridemore,  General  A.  L.,  Jonesville,  Va. 
Pryor,  General  Roger  A . ,  New  York,  N    Y. 
Pryor,  Mrs.  Roger  A. ,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Quarles,  Mann  S-,  Richmond,  Va. 
Quisenberr>',  A.  C,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Ramos,  Manly  B  ,  Richmond,  Va. 

Randolph,  D.  D.,  Rt.  Rev.  A.  M.,  Nor- 
folk, Va. 

Randolph-Macon  College,  Ashland,  Va. 

Randolph,  Major  N.  V.,  Richmond,  Va. 

Randolph,  Thomas  Jefferson,  Norfolk,  Va. 

Raymond,  C.  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Rennolds,  Robert  G.,  Richmond.  Va. 

Reynolds,  Sheldon,  Wilkes- Barre,  Pa. 

Rhodes,  James  F.,  Cambridge,  Mass. 

Richardson.  D.  D.,  Rev.  W.  T.,  Rich- 
mond, Va. 

Riely,  Major  John  W..  Houston,  Va. 

Rixey,  John  F.,  Culpeper,  Va. 

Roberts,  Rev.  P.  G.,  St    Louis,  Mo. 

Robertson,  A.  F.,  Staunton,  Va. 

Roberstson,Capt.  Harrison,  Greenwood, Va. 

Robinson,  Capt.  Leigh,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Robinson,  Mrs.  Rus.seil.  Norwood,  Va. 

Robinson,  Rev.  T.  V.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Rogers,  Archibald,  Hyde  Park,  N.  Y. 

Rogers,  Edgerton  S.,  Richmond,  Va. 

Roller,  (^en.  John  E  ,  Harrisonburg,  Va 

Roosevelt,  Hon.  Theodore,  New  York,  N  Y, 

Ropes,  John  C,  Boston,  Mass. 

Rose,  A.  P.,  Geneva,  N.  Y. 

Rose.  Edmund  N.,  Branchport,  N.  Y. 

Rutherfoord,  John,  Richmond,  Va. 

Rutherfurd,  Frank, 

Ryan,  Wm., 

Salsbury,  Stephen,  Worcester,  Mass. 


Sands,  Hon.  Conway  R.  Richmond,  Va. 

Sands,  W.  H., 

Schoen  George,  " 

Schouler,  Professor  James,  Boston,  Mass. 

Scott,  Fred.  R.,  Richmond,  Va. 

Scott,  Hon    R.  Taylor,  Warrenton,  Va. 

Scott,  Thomas  B.  Richmond,  Va. 

Scott,  W   W.Gordonsville,    " 

Seldner,  A    B.  Norfolk, 

Serames,  Hon.  Thos.  J.,  New  Orleans,  La. 

Sheffey,  JohnP.,  Marion,  Va. 

Sheild,  P.  B.,  Richmond,  Va. 

Sheild,  M.  D..  W-  H.,  Williamsburg,  Va. 

Sheppard,  W.  L.,  Richmond,  Va. 

Sitterding,  Fred.,  " 

Shirreffe,  Reuben,  " 

Slaughter  M.,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

Smith,  Charles  E.,  Richmond.  Va 

Smith,  George  P.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Smith  Willis  B.,  Richmond,  Va. 

Spotswood,  W.  F.,  Petersburg,  Va. 

Sprigg,  D.D.,  Rev,  D.  F.,  Richmond,  Va. 

Springfield  City   Library  Association, 

Springfield,  Mass. 
Staples,  Judge  Waller  R.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Starke,  Ashton,  " 

Starke,  H.  M., 
State  Department  Library,  Washington, 

D.  C. 
Stephenson,  John  W.,  W'arm  Springs,  Va. 
Stem,  Colonel  Jo  Lane,  Richmond,  Va. 
Stewart,  Rev.  J.  C  ,  " 

Stewart,  Miss  Annie  C  ,  Brook  Hill,  Va 
Stewart,  Miss  E.  Hope,  " 

Stewart,  Miss  Norma,  " 

Stewart,  Miss  Lucy  W.,  " 

Stevens,  Byam  K.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Stokes,  William  G.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Street,  George  L.,  *' 

Stringfellow,  Maj.  Chaa.  S.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Str>-ker,  General,  U.  S.,  Trenton,  N   J. 
Stubbs,  Prof.  J.  T.,  Williamsburg,  Va. 
Stubbs,  M.  D,  W.  S.,  New  Orleans,  La. 
Sturdevant,  Col.  R.,  Cape  Girardeau,  Mo. 
Sully,  Major  R.  M.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Sumner,  John  O- ,  Cambridge,  Mass. 
Swineford,  H.,  Richmond,  Va. 

Talbott,  Allan,  Richmond,  Va. 
Talbott.  W.  H., 
Tanner,  C.  W  , 

Tatum,  A.  Randolph,  Richmond,  Va. 
Taylor,  E.   B,  Richmond,  Va. 
Taylor,  U.  S.  N.,  Commander  H.  C  ,  New- 
port, R.  L 
Taylor,  M.  D.,  Hugh  M.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Taylor,  W.  E.,  Norfolk,  Va. 


XXVI 


VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   SOCIETY. 


Tennant,  W.  B..  Richmond,  Va. 
Terhune,  Mrs.  E    T.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Thacker,  H.  C.,  Boston,  Mass. 
Thomas,  Douglas  H . ,  Baltimore.  Md . 
Thomas,  Major  R.  S.,  Smithfield,  Va. 
Thoropkins.  H.  C,  Montgomery,  Ala. 
Thompson,  Leonard,  Woburn,  Mass. 
Thompson,  P.  Montagu,  Williamsburg, Va. 
Todd,  M.  D.,  Charles  H.,  Owensboro,  Ky. 
Todd,  Charles  L.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Todd,  George  D.,  Louisville,  Ky. 
Towles,  M.  D.,  W.  B.,  University  of  Va. 
Toy,  Prof.  C.  N..  Cambridge,  Mass. 
Trent,  Prof.  W.  P.,Sewanee  Tenn. 
Trigg,  Daniel,  Abingdon,  Va. 
Trigg,  W.  R.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Trinity  College,  Hartford.  Conn. 
Tucker,  Rev.  B.  D.,  Norfolk,  V^. 
Tucker,  J    D  ,  South  Boston,  Va. 
Tucker.  Hon.  J.  R.,  Lexington,  Va. 
Tucker,  J.  Ran.,  Jr.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Tulane  University,  New  Orl'-'ans,  La. 
Tunstall,  M.  D.,  Alex  ,  Norfolk,  Va. 
Turnbull,  Judge  N.  S.,  Lawrenceville.Va. 
Turner.  S-  S.,  Front  Royal.  Va. 
Turnure,  Lawrence,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Tyler,  Hon.  Gardiner,  Sturgeon  Point.  Va. 
Tyler,  Prof.  Lyon  G.,  Williamsburg,  Va. 

I'niversity  of  Michigan,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 
Upshur,  U.  S.  N.,  Rear  Admiral  John  H., 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Valentine,  E    P.,  Richmond,  Va. 

Valentine,  E.  V., 

Valentine,  G.  G.. 

Valentine,  Jr..  MS-, 

Vanderbilt  University,  Nashville,  Tenn. 

Van  Voast,  Mrs.  Virginia  H.  M.,  Cincin- 

n:\ti,  O. 
Vawter,  Capt.  C  E.,  Crozct,  Va. 
Venable,  Hon.  E.  C.  Petersburg,  Va. 
Venable.  Prof.  Charles  S.,  Charlottesville, 

Va. 
Venable.  Samuel  W.,  Petersburg,  Va. 
Vermillion,  John,  Norfolk,  Va. 
Virginia  Military  Institute.  Lexington. 

Waddell.  J.  A..  Staunton,  Va. 

Waggener,  B.  P..  Atchison,  Kan. 

Walker.  Guslavus  A.,  Richmond,  Va. 

Walker,  J.  G., 

Walker,  J.  W., 

Ward,  Col.  John  H.,  Louisville.  Ky. 

Warner,  Chas.  Dudley,  Hartford,  Conn. 


Washington,  Miss  Eliza  S.,  Charlestown, 
W.  Va. 

Watkins,  A.  Salle,  Richmond,  Va- 

Watkins.  J.  E.  Washington.  D    C 

Waterman,  W    H . ,  New  Bedford.  Mass. 

Watson,  G.  P.,  Richmond,  Va. 

Watts,  J.  Allen,  Roanoke,  Va. 

Watts,  Legh  R..  Portsmouth,  Va. 

Wray,  Jr.,  John,  Sewickley,  Pa. 

Weeden,  William  B.,  Providence,  R    I- 

Wellford,  Judge  B.  R.,  Richmond,  V^- 

Wellford,  C  E  ,  Richmond.  Va. 

Wellford,  M.  D.,  John  S.,  Richmond,  Va. 

Welsh,  Charles  A  ,  Cohasset,  Mass. 

Werth,  J.  R  ,  Richmond,  Va. 

West,  John  M.,  Petersburg,  Va. 

West,  John  R  ,  Richmond,  Va. 

West,  Montgomery,  Richmond,  Va. 

Wharton,  D.  D.,  Prof.  S.  B.,  Williams- 
burg. Va. 

Wheeler.  Rev.  H.  L.,  Burlington,  Vt. 

White,  M.  D.,  Joseph  A.,  Richmond,  Va. 

White,  Rev.  W.  C,  Warm  Springs,     " 

White,  W.  H.,  Norfolk,  Va. 

Whitlock,  R.  H.,  Richmond.  Va. 

Whittet.  Robert, 

Whitty.J.  H.. 

Whittle  D.  D.,  Rt  Rev.  F.  M,  Rich- 
mond, Va. 

Wlckham,  Col.  W.  P.,  Richmond.  Va. 

Wight,  Prof.  Charles  C,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Williams.  E    Victor,  Richmond,  Va. 

Williams,  Prank  D., 

Williams,  Charles  U., 

Williams.  John  G.,  Orange.  Va. 

Williams  John  Skelton,  Richmond,  Va. 

Willis.  M.  D.,  P.  T..  " 

Willis,  Charles  K., 

Wily,  Arthur. 

Wilson.  Hon    Wm.  L.,  Washington, D.C 

Wingfield,  Rt.  Rev.  J.  H.  D..  Benicia,  Cal. 

Winn,  John  D.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Winsor.  Justin,  Cambridge,  Mass. 

Winston,  R.  L.,  Richmond,  Va. 

Wise,  Hon.  Geo.  D.,         " 

Wise,  Prof.  Henry  A.,  Baltimore.  Md. 

Wise,  M  D..  U.  S.  N-,  John  C.,  Wash- 
ington. D.  C. 

Wise.  Peter,  Alexandria,  Va. 

Wise,  General  Peyton,  Richmond,  Va. 

Witt,  Judges.  B..  '• 

Wood,  M.  D..Jud   B  , 

Woods,  Micajah,  Charlottesville.  Va. 

Worcester  Free  Public  Library,  Worcester, 
Mass. 

Wortham,  Charles  E..  Richmond,  Va 


I  / 

i 


THE 


Virginia  Magazine 


OF 


HISTORY  AND  BIOGRAPHY. 


Vol.  I.  JANUARY,  1894.  No.  3. 


Public  Officers  in  Virginia,  1680. 

The  following  list  of  the  Civil  and  Military  officers  in  Virginia 
in  1680,  is  a  copy  of  the  original,  now  in  the  British  State  Paper 
office,  under  the  head  of  Colonial  Papers,  Virginia,  No.  63  : 

Henrico  County. 

Civ. 

Col.  Wm.  Byrd,  Mr.  Abell  Gower, 

Lt.  Col.  John  ffarrar,  Mr.  Tho.  Batts, 

Mr.  Tho.  Cock,  Mr.  Pet'  ffeild, 

Mr.  Rich*  Cock,  Mr.  Rich.  Kennon. 
Mr.  Essex  Bevill, 

Miry, 

Col.  Wm.  Bird,  Maj'r  Tho.  Chamberlain, 

Lt.  Col.  John  ffarrar,  Capt.  Wm.  Randolph. 

Charles  Citty  County. 

Civ, 

Col.  Edw*  Hill,  Capt.  Dan*  Lewillin, 

Lt.  Col.  Dan*  Clarke,  Mr.  John  Draiton, 


226 


VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


Lt  Col.  Tho.  Grendon, 
Maj'r  Jno.  Stith, 
Capt.  Nich  Wyatt, 

Col.  Edw^  Hill. 
Lt.  Col.  Dan"  Clarke. 
Maj'r  John  Stith, 
Capt.  Rob.  Lucy, 


Mr.  Jas.  Bisse, 

Mr.  Robt  Netherland. 

Mil, 

Capt.  Dan'l  LewelHn, 
Capt.  John  Hamlin, 
Lt.  Col.  Tho.  Grendon,  horse, 
Capt.  Wm.  Archer,  horse. 


James  Citty  County. 
Civ. 


Col.  Tho.  Ballard, 
Capt.  Wm.  White. 
Capt.  Hen.  Soanes, 
Mr.  Geo.  Marable, 
Mr.  Edw*  Travis, 
Mr.  David  Crafford. 
Mr.  Edw*  Jennings, 

Col.  Tho.  Ballard, 
Maj'rSam"  Weldon, 
Capt.  Hen.  Soanes, 


Mr.  Edw*  Sanderson, 
Mr.  Ja.  Minge, 
MajV  Sam*  Weldon, 
Capt.  Wm.  Hartwell, 
Mr.  Brid  ffreeman, 
Mr.  Hen.  Duke. 

Mil 

Capt.  Wm.  Hartwell, 
Capt.  Wm.  White,  horse. 


By  the  Hon'ble  Com'rs  for  the  Customs. 

Ralph  Wormeley,  Esq'r,  one  of  his  Matys  hon"*  Council 
and  Secretary,  was  appointed  by  S'  Edm*  Andros,  Naval 
Officer  and  Receiver  of  the  Virginia  dutys,  and  he  having  not 
been  at  Council,  &c. ,  since  I  came,  as  yet  no  other  is  appointed 
by 

[Signed]  -^~^^  Fr.  Nicholson. 


[183] 

William  the  third,  by  the  Grace  of  God,  King  of  Eng- 
land, Scotland,  France  and  Ireland,  Defender  of  the  faith,  etc. 
To  Samuell  Griffin,  Hancock  Lee,  Charles  Lee,  George  Cowper, 
Rodham  Kennor,  William  Jones,  Peter  Hack,  John  Harris, 
William  Howson,  Cuthbert  Span,  Christopher  Neale,  John  Craw- 


PUBLIC   OFFICERS   IN   VIRGINIA,   1680.  227 

ley,  Peter  Contancean  [?]  &  Thomas  Winder,  Gentlemen,  Greet- 
ing :  Know  Yee,  that  Wee  have  assigned  you,  and  every  one 
of  you  jointly  and  severally,  Our  Justices  to  Keep  our  Peace 
in  the  County  of  Northumberland,  and  to  keep  and  cause  to  be 
kept  all  ordinances,  statutes  of  our  Kingdom  of  England  and 
Lawes  of  this  Our  Ancient  and  Great  Colony  and  Dominion  of 
Virginia,  made  for  the  good  of  the  Peace  and  for  the  conserva- 
tion of. the  same,  &  for  the  Quiett  rule  and  Government  of  the 
People,  in  all  &  every  the  Articles  thereof  in  the  said  county 
accordinge  to  the  force,  forme  and  effect  of  the  same.  And  to 
chastise  and  punish  all  persons  offending  against  the  formes  of 
those  ordinances.  Statutes  of  Our  Kingdome  of  England  & 
Lawes  of  this  our  Colony  and  Dominion,  or  any  of  them  in  the 
County  aforesaid,  to  cause  to  come  before  you  or  any^f  you  all 
those  persons  who  shall  threaten  any  of  Our  Leige  People,  either 
in  their  bodyes  or  burning  their  houses,  to  find  sufficient  security 
for  the  Peace  or  for  the  good  behavior  towards  Us  and  the  Peo- 
ple. And  if  they  shall  refuse  to  find  such  security  then  to  cause 
them  to  be  kept  safe  in  Prison  until  they  find  such  security. 
Wee  have  also  assigned  you,  or  any  four  or  more  of  you  whereof 
any  of  you,  Samuell  Griffin,  Hancock  Lee,  Charles  Lee,  George 
Cowper,  Rodham  Kennor  and  William  Jones,  shall  be  one  to 
meet  at  the  usuall  place  of  holding  Courts  in  the  County  afores* 
at  certain  dayes  according  to  Law,  to  heare  &  Determine  all 
Suits,  Controversies  and  Debates  between  party  and  party,  doe- 
ing  therein  what  to  Justice  appertaineth  according  to  the  Lawes 
of  Our  Kingdome  of  England  and  this  our  Ancient  and  great 
Colony  and  Dominion  of  Virginia,  with  power  likewise  to  you 
and  every  of  you  to  take  Depositions  and  Examinations  upon 
oath  for  the  better  manifestation  of  the  truth  in  all  such  mat- 
ters &  causes  as  come  before  you,  and  to  keep  or  cause  to  be 
kept  all  orders  of  Court,  Orders  of  Councill,  and  Proclamations 
Directed  to  you  or  comeing  to  your  hands  from  us,  or  from  Our 
Governour  or  Comander  in  chief  for  the  time  being,  and  Our 
Councill  of  State.  And  to  punish  the  offenders  &  breakers  of 
the  same  according  to  the  Lawes  of  Our  Kingdome  of  England 
and  of  this  Our  Colony  &  Dominion.  And  further  to  keep,  or 
cause  the  Gierke  of  your  Court  to  keep,  Records  of  all  Judg- 
ments, Rules  &  Orders  Decided  and  agreed  upon  by  you,  or  any 


228  VIRGINIA   H4STORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

four  or  more  of  you,  whereof  any  of  you,  Samuell  Griffin,  Han- 
cock Lee,  Charles  Lee,  George  Cowper,  Rodham  Kennor,  and 
William  Jones  shall  be  one.  And  further  Wee  Comand  you 
and  every  one  of  you  that  you  diligently  intend  the  keeping  of  the 
Peace,  Statutes  of  Our  Kingdom  of  England,  and  the  Lawes  of 
this  Our  Colony  &  Dominion.  And  all  and  singular  other  the 
Premises  Wee  doe  by  Virtue  of  these  presents  comand  the 
Sheriff  of  the  said  County  of  Northumberland,  that  at  those  cer- 
tain dayes  and  places  which  the  law  doth  appoint,  that  he  cause 
to  come  before  you,  or  any  four  or  more  of  you,  whereof  any  of 
you,  Samuell  Griffin.  Hancock  Lee,  Charles  Lee,  George  Cowper, 
Rodham  Kennor,  and  William  Jones  shall  be  one,  &  soe  many 
good  and  Lawfull  men  of  his  Bayliwic  by  whom  the  matters  may 
be  the  belter  known  and  Enquired  of.  Witnesse  Our  Trusty 
and  welbeloved  Francis  Nicholson,  Esq*r,  Our  Lieutenant  and 
Governor  Gen"  of  This  Our  Colony  &  Dominion  of  Virginia, 
at  James  Town,  under  the  Scale  of  Our  Colony,  the  8th  day  of 
June,  in  the  eleventh  yeareof  Our  Reign,  Anno  q*  Domini  1699. 

^^SStrU' C^u^y '"  }  FK.  NicHOLSox. 

E.  Jennings,  Dep*'  Sec'^'. 


William  the  third  by  the  Grace  of  God  King  of  England, 
Scotland,  France  &  Ireland,  Defender  of  the  faith,  etc.  To 
Samuell  Griffin,  Hancock  Lee,  Charles  Lee,  George  Cowper, 
Rodham  Kennor,  William  Jones,  Peter  Hack,  John  Harris,  Wil- 
liam Howson,  Cuihbert  Span,  Christopher  Neale,  John  Crowley, 
Peter  Contancea  [u  ?]  and  Thomas  Winder,  Gentlemen,  Greeting: 
Know  Yee.  that  whereas  Wee  have  constituted  and  appointed 
you  Samuell  Griffin,  Hancock  Lee,  Charles  Lee,  George  Cowper, 
Rodham  Kennor,  Wm.  Jones,  Peter  Hack,  John  Harris,  Wm. 
Howson,  Cuthbert  Span,  Christopher  Neale,  John  Crowley, 
Peter  Contancean  and  Thomas  Winder,  Gentlemen,  Justices  of 
the  Peace  for  Northumberland  County.  Wee  Doe  therefore 
authorise  and  appoint  that  the  Comission  being  read  as  usuall 
any  two  of  You  the  said  Samuell  Griffin,  Hancock  Lee,  Charles 
Lee,  George  Cowper,  Rodham  Kennor  &  William  Jones  haveing 
first  taken  the  Oathes  appointed  by  Act  of  Parliament  to  be  taken 


PUBLIC   OFFICERS  IN  VIRGINIA,    1680.  229 

instead  of •  the  Oathes  of  Allegiance  &  Supremacy  the  Test, 
together  with  the  oath  of  duely  executing  the  Office  of  Justice 
of  the  Peace  and  subscribed  the  Association  mentioned  in  an 
Act  of  Parliament  of  the  7th  &  8th  yeares  of  Our  Reign,  entituled 
an  act  for  the  better  security  of  his  Maj"**  Royall  Person  & 
Government  (a  copy  of  which  you  herewith  receive)  which  the 
s*  Peter  Hack  and  John  Harris  or  any  two  in  the  Comission 
above  named  are  hereby  required  authorised  &  im powered  to 
give  &  administer  unto  you,  You  administer  unto  the  above  s* 
Justices  and  every  of  them  in  the  Comission  above  named  the 
Oathes  appointed  by  Act  of  Parliam'  to  be  taken  in  stead  of  the 
Oathes  of  Allegiance  and  Supremacy  and  the  Test,  together 
with  the  Oath  of  Duly  Executing  the  Office  of  Justice  of  the 
Peace  and  subscribed  the  aforementioned  Association,  of  the 
performance  of  which  You  are  to  make  due  return  to  our  Sec- 
retaries Office  at  James  City  on  the  sixth  day  of  next  Generall 
Court.  WiTNESSE  Our  Trusty  and  well  beloved  Francis  Nich- 
olson, Esq',  Our  Lieutenant  and  Governo''  Gen"  of  Our  Colony 
&  Dominion  of  Virginia  at  James  Town,  under  the  seale  of  Our 
Colony  the  8th  day  of  June  June,  in  the  eleventh  yeare  of  Our 
Reign,  anno  q*  Dom.  1699. 

Fr:  Nicholson. 

A  Dedumus  for  Administring  the  Oathes  &  Test,  etc.,  to  the 
Justices  of  the  Peace  for  Northumberland  County. 

E.  Jenings,  Dep*y  Sec'^. 

Rodham  Kennor,  Sheriff  of  Northumberl*  County,  this  year, 
1699. 

Thomas  Hobson,  Clerk  of  Northumberl**  Countv  Court. 


The  names  of  other  Counties,  the  names  of  the  Justices  of  the 
Peace  for  the  same,  the  date  of  their  Comissions,  the  names  of 
the  severall  Sheriffs  for  this  present  yeare,  1699,  And  the  names 
of  the  severall  Clerks  of  the  County  Courts  in  this  his  Maj"** 
Colony  and  Dominion  of  Virginia,  are  as  followeth: 


230 


VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


Westmoreland — 8  June,  i6gg. 


William  Pierce, 
William  Horton, 
William  Bridges, 
Francis  Wright, 

Samuell  Thompson, 
Lewis  Markham, 
James  Taylor, 
Charles  Ash  ton, 
Caleb  Buttler. 
James  Westcomb,  Clerk 


Nicholas  Spencer, 
Henry  Ross, 

Alexander  Spence,  Sheriff, 
Willoughby  Allerton. 

Quorum, 

John  Sturman, 
Jerrard  Hutt, 
John  Scott, 
George  Weedon, 
John  Elliott. 
Court  Westmoreland. 


Essex — 8th  June ^  i6gg. 


John  Catlett, 
William  Moseley, 
Thomas  Edmondson, 

Robert  Brookes, 
John  Battaile, 
John  Talliaferro,  Sheriff, 
James  Boughan, 


Edward  Thomas, 
Francis  Talliaferro, 
Bernard  Gaines. 

Quorum. 

Francis  Goldman, 
Richard  Covington, 
Daniell  Dobbins, 
Robert  Paine. 


Francis  Meriwether,  Clerk  C't  Essex. 


David  Fox, 
Robert  Carter, 
William  Lester, 


Lancaster--<5///  June^  i6gg, 

Joseph  Ball, 
Henry  Fleet, 


William  Ball, 
Alexander  Swan,  Sheriff, 
William  Fox, 


Quorum, 

John  Turbervili, 
John  Pinkard, 
Thomas  Martin. 


Joseph  Tayloe,  Clerk  Court  Lancaster. 


John  Robbins, 
John  Custis, 
Philip  Fisher, 


Northampton— <5  June,  i6gg. 

Obedience  Johnson, 
Nathaniel  Littleton,  Sheriff. 
William  Waters. 


PUBLIC   OFFICERS   IN  VIRGINIA,    1680. 


231 


Quorum. 

Ralph  Pigot,  Jacob  Johnson, 

Wm.  Harmanson,  Thomas  Savage, 

John  Powell,  George  Harmanson. 

Daniell  Neech,  Cl'k  Court  Northampton. 

Richmond — 8th  June,  i6gg. 


George  Taylor, 
Samuell  Peachey, 
William  Underwood, 

David  Gwynn, 
John  Baker, 
William  Dolman, 


Alexander  Doniphin, 
Thomas  Lloyd, 
John  Deene. 

Quorum, 

John  Trapley,  Sheriff, 
Rawleigh  Traverse, 
Francis  Sloughter. 


William  Colston,  Cl'k  Court  Richmond. 

Accomack — 8th  June,  i6gg. 
Edmond  Scarburgh,  Tho.  Welbourne,  Sheriff, 


George  Nicholas  Hack, 
Richard  Bayley, 


Edmond  Custis. 


Quorum, 

Robert  Pitt, 
John  Watts. 


George  Parker, 
Robert  Hutchinson, 
Edward  Moore, 

John  Washburrie,  Ci*k  Court  Accomack. 


Stafford — 8th  June,  i6gg. 


George  Mason,  Sheriff, 
Matthew  Thompson, 
John  Harvey, 

Richard  Fosaker, 
William  Williams, 
John  Washington, 
Robert  Colston, 


Robert  Alexander, 
Phillip  Buckner, 
Rice  Hooe. 

Quorum. 

Joseph  Sumner, 
John  Waugh,  Jun'r. 
Edward  Hart, 
Thomas  Greg. 


Thomas  Owsley,  Crk  Court  Stafford. 


232 


VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


Nansemond — 8th  June  i6pp. 


John  Brasseur, 
George  Nors worthy, 
Thomas  Swann, 


Luke  Haveild, 
Francis  Milner,  Sheriff, 
Thomas  Tilly. 


Quorum, 

William  Hunter, 
William  Wright. 


Thomas  Milner, 
Charles  Drury, 
John  Spier, 
Joseph  Bridger,  CFk  Court  Nansemond. 


Lenniel  Mason, 
John  Hatton, 
Thomas  Hodges, 


Samuell  Boush, 
Tho.  Willoughby, 
John  Hodges, 


Norfolk— p/A  June,  i6gg, 

James  Wilson, 

Richard  Church,  Sheriff, 

Thomas  Butt. 

Quorum, 

Matthew  Godfrey, 

Thomas  Mason, 

William  Laungley  [Langley?]. 


Malachy  Thruston,  Crk  Court  Norfolk. 

Warwick— $^/A  June,  i6gg. 


Humphrey  Harwood, 
Miles  Cary, 
Samuell  Ransha, 


Robert  Hubbard, 
William  Carey,  Sheriff, 
Thomas  Merry. 

Quorum., 

Miles  Wills, 
Thomas  Haynes, 
John  Tignall. 


Wm.  Rascow,  • 

Thomas  Charles, 
Matthew  Jones, 

Miles  Cary,  CFk  Court  Warwick. 

Princess  Anne— p/A  June,  i6gg, 

Anthony  Lawson,  John  Thorogood,  Sheriff, 

William  Cornex  [Cornick  ?],       Francis  Morse, 
Benoni  Burroughs, 


PUBLIC   OFFICERS   IN   VIRGINIA,    1680.  233 

Quorum. 

Edward  Moseley,  William  Clowes, 

Evan  Jones,  Robert  Thorrowgood, 

Henry  Woodhouse,  Soloman  White. 

Patrick  Angus,  Clerk  Court  Princess  Anne. 

James  City — lo  June,  i6gg, 

Philip  Lightfoot,  Philip  Ludwell,  Jun*or, 

Henry  Soan,  Michael  Sherman. 

Henry  Duke,  Sheriff, 

Quorum. 

James  Bray,  Hugh  Norvill, 

David  Bray,  William  Edwards, 

Thomas  Cowles,  William  Drumond. 

Chicheley  Corbin  Thacker,  CFk  Court  James  City  County. 

Elizabeth  City — gth  June,  i6gg. 

William  Wilson,  Wm.  Lowry, 

Anthony  Armistead,  Thomas  Harwood, 

Pasco  Curie,  Augustine  Moore. 

Quorum. 

Coleman  Brough,  Sheriff,  John  Minson, 

Thomas  Curie,  Walter  Bayley. 

Mathew  Watts, 
Charles  Jenings,  Crk  Court  Elizabeth  City. 

York — 17th  Ju7ie,  i6gg. 

Thomas  Barbar,  Thomas  Ballard, 

Joseph  Ring,  Thomas  Roberts, 

Robert  Read,  Charles  Hansford. 

Quorum. 

William  Buckner,  James  Whaley, 

Henry  Tyler,  John  Goodwin, 

Baldwin  Matthewes,  Daniell  Taylor, 

John  Page,  Thomas  Nutting. 

William  Sedgwick,  Crk  Court. 


234 


VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


Richard  Bland, 
Daniell  Lewellain, 
Charles  Goodrich, 


John  Hardiman, 
William  Hunt, 
Micajah  Low, 


Charles  City — 17th  June,  i6gg, 

Robert  Boiling,  Sheriff, 
Littleburry  Epps, 
George  Blighton. 

Quorum, 

Richard  Bradford, 
Joshua  Wynn, 
John  Terry. 


John  Taylor,  CFk  Court  Cha.  City. 

King  &  Queen — Feb'y  25th,  i6pp, 

William  Leigh,  Richard  Gregory, 

Joshua  Story,  Henry  Fox, 

William  Gough,  Thomas  Paullin. 

Quorum. 

John  Walker,  James  Howell, 

Wm.  Claybourne,  John  Waller,  Sheriff, 

Willis  Wilson,  Richard  Anderson. 

Robert  Beverley,  Cl'k  Court. 


Henrico — lyth  /une,  i6p^. 


Richard  Cock. 
William  Randolph, 
Peter  Feild, 


Francis  Epps, 
Wm.  Farrer. 


John  Worsham, 
Thomas  Cock,  Sheriff, 
Giles  Webb, 
James  Cock,  Crk  Court,  Henrico. 


Quorum. 

Joseph  Royall, 
John  Boiling. 


Gloucester— ^M  Octobery  i6g8. 


James  Ransone, 
Mordecai  Cook,  Sheriff, 
Conquest  Wyatt, 

Richard  Booker, 


John  Gwynn, 
Sands  Knowles. 

Quorum. 

Thomas  Buckner, 


PUBLIC  OFFICERS  IN  VIRGINIA,  1680.         236 

Ambrose  Dudley,  Anthony  Gregeory. 

Thomas  Todd, 

Peter  Beverley,  Crk  Court. 

New  Kent — lyth  June^  i6gg, 

Joseph  Foster,  Thomas  Bray, 

Lancelot  Bathurst,  '   Francis  Burnell, 

William  Bassett,  Sheriff,  John  Lyddale. 

Quorum, 

James  Moss,  John  Lewis, 

John  Stanop,  Nicholas  Meriwether, 

Thomas  Smith,  George  Keeleing. 

Job  Howse,  crk  Court,  New  Kent. 

Middlesex — 26th  April,  i6p8. 

Wm.  Skipwith,  Barron',  Sheriff,  Wm.  Wormeley, 
Matthew  Kemp,  Garvin  Corbin, 

Wm.  Churchill,  .  Thomas  Landon. 

Quorum. 

Francis  Weekes,  John  Smith, 

Robert  Dudley,  Richard  Willis, 

Henry  Thacker,  John  Grymes. 

Edwin  Thacker,  Cl'k  Court. 

Isle  of  Wight— -2<5M  April,  i6g8. 

Henry  Applewaite,  Jer.  Exum, 

Samuell  Bridger,  Henry  Baker. 

Geo.  Moore, 

Quorum. 

James  Day,  Arthur  Smith, 

Thomas  Giles,  Robert  Key, 

Anthony  Holliday,  Sheriff,  Humphrey  Marshall. 

Charles  Chapman,  Cl'k  Court. 

Surrey — 12th  Dec,  i6g8. 

Henry  Tooker,  James  Mason, 

William  Brown,  Nathaniel  Harrison. 

Thomas  Holt,  Sheriff, 


236  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Quorum, 

William  Newson,  Thomas  Drew, 

Wm.  Cock,  John  Edwards. 

Francis  Clements,  Cl'k  Court. 


Sheriff's  Commission. 

Virginia  S*'* 

William  the  third,  by  the  Grace  of  God,  King  of 
[Seale.]  England,  Scotland,  France  and  Ireland,  Defen- 

der of  the  faith,  etc. 

To  Henry  Duke,  Gent.  Greeting: 

Wee  doe  hereby  Commissionate,  authorize  and  appoint 
you  to  be  Sheriff  of  James  City  County  for  this  present  year, 
one  thousand  six  hundred  Ninety  &  nine,  and  that  you  be 
accordingly  sworn  as  soon  as  conveniently  can  be.  And  before 
you  be  admitted  to  the  office  of  Sheriff  of  the  said  County  of 
James  City  You  enter  into  bond  before  Our  Justices  of  the 
Peace  of  the  said  County  with  Good  and  Sufficient  Security  in 
the  penale  sume  of  One  hundred  thousand  pounds  of  Tobacco 
to  Us,  Our  heires  &  Successors,  to  render  to  Mr.  Auditor  Byrd 
or  such  others  as  shall  be  appointed  by  Us  to  receive  the  same, 
a  perticular  perfect  &  full  account  of  all  Our  Revenues  &  dues 
in  the  same  County  Dureing  the  time  of  your  Sherivalty.  And 
also  that  you  shall  due  payment  make  of  all  such  Publick  dues 
as  shall  be  Levied  in  the  aforesaid  County  of  James  City  unto 
the  severall  persons  that  shall  be  appointed  to  receive  the  same. 
And  full  performance  make  of  all  things  belonging  to  the  office 
of  Sheriff  of  the  aforesaid  County.  And  Wee  do  hereby 
comand  all  Our  officers,  both  civill  and  Military,  and  all  other 
our  subjects  that  are  Inhabiting  the  s*  County  and  others  Actu- 
ally there  to  be  aiding  and  assisting  to  you,  the  s"^  Henry  Duke 
as  Sheriff,  all  things  relating  to  the  office  of  Sheriff  of  the  afore- 
said County.  Witnesse  Our  Trusty  and  welbeloved  Francis 
Nicholson,  Esq'r,  Our  Lieu*  &  Governo'  Gen"  of  Our  Colony  and 
Dominion  of  Virginia  at  James  Town,  under  the  Seale  of  Our 


PUBLIC   OFFICERS   IN   VIRGINIA,    1680.  237 

Colony,  this  seventh  day  of  June,  in  the  eleventh  yeare  of  Our 
Reign,  Anno  q®  Dom.,  1699. 

Fr.  Nicholson. 


Virginia  S*": 

[Seale.]     To  all  to  whom  these  Presents  shall  come: 

I,  Ralph  Wormeley,  Esq' r,  Secretary  of  State  of  Virginia, 
send  Greeting,  Know  Yee,  that  I,  the  said  Ralph  Wormeley, 
Esq%  Secretary,  etc.,  have  and  by  these  presents  doe  appoint, 
place,  ordaine,  invest  and  confirme  Chicheley  Corbin  Thacker  in 
the  Place  and  Qffice  of  Clerk  of  the  County  of  James  City. 
Giveing  and  by  these  presents  granting  unto  him,  the  said 
Chicheley  Corbin  Thacker,  full  power  &  authority  to  charge, 
require,  take,  receive  and  enjoy  to  his  own  proper  use,  perticular 
behoof  of  all  fees,  Vailes,  Duties,  priviledges  and  perquisites 
whatsoever  belonging  or  in  anywise  appertaineing  to  the  said 
place  and  office,  hereby  also  requireing  and  enjoyning  him,  the 
said  Chicheley  Corbin  Thacker  by  himselfe  or  Deputy,  to  attend 
the  Justices  of  the  said  County  at  every  Court  there  to  be  holden, 
to  enter  and  draw  Up  all  Orders  &  Judgments  of  Court,  And 
to  doe  and  performe  all  such  acts  and  things  as  are  incedent  to 
the  said  place  and  Office,  to  which  intent  the  said  Justices  are 
hereby  required  to  give  unto  him  the  said  Chicheley  Corbin 
Thacker  and  his  Deputy  a  full  and  free  Admission  to  and  Con- 
tinuance in  the  said  Place  and  Office  Reserveing  to  myselfe  and 
successo"  full  power  to  revoke  and  make  voyd  this  or  any  Com- 
ission  of  the  like  purport,  and  mine  or  their  Pleasure.  Given 
under  my  hand  and  seale,  this  29th  day  of  October,  in  the  tenth 
yeare  of  his  Maj****  Reign,  anno  q*  Dom.,  1698. 

R.  Wormeley,  Sec*"^. 


[LogusSigill.] 

William  the  third,  by  the  Grace  of  God,  King  of  England, 
Scotland,  France,  &  Ireland,  Defender  of  the  faith,  etc.  To 
Bartholomew  Fowler,  Esq*r.,  Greeting:  Wee  doe  by  these  pres- 
ents constitute,  authorise,  ordaine  and  appoint  you  to  be  Our 
Attorney  Generall  within  this  Our  Ancient  and  great  Colony  & 


238  VIRGINIA   HISTO&ICAI.  MAGAZINE. 

Dominion  of  Virginia,  Giveing  and  Granting  unto  you  full  power 
and  Authority  to  prosecute  all  Treasons,  Murders,  felonies,  or 
any  misdemeanors  comprehended  within  the  Lawes  &  Statutes 
of  Our  Kingdom  of  England,  or  of  this  Our  Colony  and  Do- 
minion. And  in  our  name  to  Sue  and  Implead  all  and  every 
person  or  persons  in  all  Causes  and  matters  relating  to  Us,  or  any 
other  person  or  persons  on  Our  Behalfe  in  all  Courts  and  before 
All  Judges,  Justices  &  Magistrates,  And  to  doe  all  such  Other 
Act  or  Acts  as  by  Our  Attorney  Generall  may  or  ought  to  be 
done  agreeable  to  Law.  To  have  and  to  hold  the  said  place  and 
Office  of  Attorney  Generall  dureing  Our  Pleasure.  Witness  our 
Trusty  and  welbeloved  Francis  Nicholson,  Esq.*r.,  Our  Lieuten- 
ant &  Governo'  Gen"  of  Virginia,  at  James  Town,  under  the 
Seale  of  our  Colony,  the  two  and  twentieth  day  of  June,  one 
thousand  six  hundred  ninety  &  nine,  in  the  elventh  yeare  of  Our 
Reign. 

Fr.  Nicholson. 
A  Comission  for  Barth.  Fowler,  Esq'r,  to  be  Attorney  Gen' 11. 

E.  Jenings,  Deputy  Sec' y. 


ESCHEATORS. 

On  the  South  side  of  James  River,  Lieu*  Coll*'  William  Ran- 
dolph. 

Between  James  and  York  River,  John  Lightfoot,  Esq'r. 
Between  York  and  Rappahannock  river,  Matthew  Page,  Elsq'r. 
On  the  Eastern  Shoar,  Colo.  John  Custis. 


[Locus  Sigill.] 

William  the  third,  by  the  Grace  of  God,  King  of  England, 
Scotland,  France,  and  Ireland,  Defend""  of  the  faith,  etc.      To 

,  Esq'r.,   Greeting:  Wee  doe  by  these  presents 

constitute  and  appoint  you  to  be  our  Escheator  Generall  for  and 
in  the  Counties  of ,  by  your  self,  or  sufficient  Dep- 
uty or  Deputies,  to  make  inquiry  what  Lands  have,  do,  or  shall 
Escheat  unto  Us,  according  to  the  Lawes  and  Statutes  of  Our 
Kingdom  of  England,  and  of  this  our  Ancient  and  great  Colony 
and  Dominion  of  Virginia,  in  the  severall  and  Respective  Coun- 
ties aforesaid,  of  which  no  Office  hath  yet  been  found,  and  to 


PUBLIC  OFFICERS   IN  VIRGINIA,    1680.  239 

proceed  in  the  Ececution  of  the  said  office  according  to  the 
Rules,  Customes,  and  Practices  of  Our  Escheators  in  our  Kingdom 
of  England,  and  in  every  thing  and  things  to  act,  doe,  and  exe- 
cute in  the  due  Administracon  of  the  said  office  as  the  Lawes  and 
Statutes  of  Our  Kingdom  of  England  and  of  this  our  Colony 
and  Dominion  have  provided  and  directed.  To  have  and  to 
hold  the  aforesaid  place  and  Office  of  Escheator  in  the  aforesaid 

Pre'cincts  dureing  Our  Royall  will  and  pleasure, 

together  with  all  usuall  and  Customary  fees,  profitts,  and  Advan- 
tages to  the  said  place  and  Office  belonging  or  appertaineing. 
Witnesse  Our  Trusty  and  welbeloved  Francis  Nicholson,  Esq*r., 
Our  Lieutenant  and  Governor  Gen"  of  Our  Colony  and  Domin- 
ion of  Virginia,  at  James  Town,  under  the  Scale  of  Our  Colony, 
this day  of ,  1699,  in  the  eleventh  yeare  of  Our  Reign. 


Commission  to  Miles  Cary,  Surveyor  Gen*ll. 

Whereas  their  Mat''  King  William  and  Queen  Mary,  by  their 
Royal  Letters  patents  under  the  great  Seal  of  England,  bearing 
date  at  Westminster  the  eight  day  of  february,  in  the  fourth 
year  of  their  Reign,  Have  Given  and  granted  Unto  Francis 
Nicholson,  William  Cole,  Ralph  Wormley,  Wm.  Bird  &  John 
Lear,  Esq'rs  ;  James  Blair,  Jno.  Farnifold,  Stephen  Fovaw  [?], 
Sam"  Gray,  Clerks;  Thomas  Milner,  Christopher  Robinson, 
Charles  Scarburgh,  John  Smith,  Benjamin  Harrison,  Miles  Cary, 
Henry  Hartwell,  William  Randolph  and  Matthew  Page,  Gent. , 
and  to  the  longest  livers,  or  Liver  of  them,  and  to  his  or  their 
heirs,  The  Office  of  Surveyor  Gen"  of  this  Colony  and  Dominion 
of  Virginia  whenever  the  s*  office  shall  be  voyd,  with  all  its 
issues,  ffees,  profites,  advantages,  conveniencys,  Libertys,  places, 
priviledges  and  preheminencies  whatsover  belonging  to  the  s^ 
Office,  in  as  ample  forme  and  manner  as  any  other  person  who 
has  heretofore  had  executed  or  posest  the  s*  Office,  ever  had 
received  &  enjoyed,  or  ought  to  have,  receive  &  enjoy  by  the 
said  Trustees  and  their  heirs,  or  by  such  Officers  &  Substitutes 
as  they  or  the  Major  part  of  them,  or  the  longest  liver  of  them, 
or  of  their  heirs,  shall,  from  time  to  time,  nominate  and  appoint 
until  the  s''  Colledge  shall  be  actually  founded.     As  by  the  said 


240  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Lett"  patents  reference  thereunto  being  had  will  more  plainly 
appear.  By  virtue  of  which  power  and  authority,  We,  the  said 
Francis  Nicholson,  Ralph  Wormley,  Wm.  Byrd,  James  Blair, 
John  Furnifold,  Steven  Fovaw  [?],  Sam"  Gray,  Charles  Scar- 
burgh,  Benjamin  Harrison,  William  Randolph  and  Matthew 
Page,  Do  substitute,  authorise,  irapower  and  appoint  Miles  Cary, 
Gent.,  Surveyor  Gen"  of  Virginia,  Giving  unto  him  full  power 
and  authority  to  execute  the  Said  Office  of  Surveyor  Gen"  by 
and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Committee  appointed  by 
the  Trustees  and  Gov"  of  the  said  Colledge  of  William  and 
Mary,  during  pleasure.     Given,  etc. 


Copy  of  a  Surveyor  of  a  County's  Commission. 

To  all  whom  these  presents  shall  come — Greeting:  Whereas 
their  Maj'tys  King  William  and  Queen  Mary,  by  their  Royal 
Charter  bearing  date  at  Westminster  the  eight  day  of  feb'^,  in 
the  fourth  year  of  their  Reign,  Were  graciously  pleased  to  give 
and  Grant  to  Francis  Nicholson,  Lieu*  Governor  of  Virginia  and 
Maryland;  William  Cole,  Ralph  Wormley,  Wm.  Byrd  &  John 
Lear,  Esq'rs;  James  Blair,  John  Farnifold,  Stephen  Fovaw  and 
Sam"  Gray,  Clerks;  Thomas  Milner,  Christopher  Robinson, 
Charles  Scarburgh,  John  Smith,  Benjamin  Harrison,  Miles  Cary, 
Henry  Hartwell,  Wm.  Randolph  &  Matthew  Page,  Gent.,  Trus-. 
tees  for  the  College  of  Wm.  &  Mary  in  Virginia,  and  the  longest 
Livers  of  or  longest  liver  of  them,  the  Office  of  Surveyor  Gen" 
of  their  said  Colony  of  Virg',  To  be  had,  held  &  executed  with 
all  its  vaills,  fees,  appointments,  profites,  commodities,  advantages, 
places,  Liberties,  preferments  whatsoever,  by  them  the  said 
Trustees,  or  by  such  officers  and  substitutes  as  they  or  the  Major 
part  of  them,  or  of  the  longest  Livers  of  them  or  their  heirs 
shall,  from  time  to  time,  nominate  and  appoint,  until  the  said 
Colledge  shall  be  actually  founded  and  erected.  As  by  the  s* 
Charter  (relation  being  thereunto  had)  may  more  fully  and  at 
large  appear.  And  whereas  the  Major  part  of  the  Survivors  of 
the  said  Trustees  have,  by  their  Commission  under  their  hands 
&  seal  of  the  Colledge,  dated  the  twenty-fifth  of  Feb'^,  in  the 
eleventh  year  of  his  present  Majesty's  reign.  Substituted,  aulho- 


PUBLIC  OFFICERS   IN   VIRGINIA,    1680.  241 

« 

rized,  Impowered  &  appointed  me,  Miles  Gary,  to  execute  the 
Office  of  Surveyor  Gen".  Now  Know  ye  that  I,  the  said  Miles 
Cary,  out  of  the  good  Gonfidence  &  certain  Knowledge  I  have 
of  the  ability  and  integrity  of  A.  B.  to  execute  the  Office  of 
Surveyor,  Have  nominated,  Gonstituted  &  appointed,  And  I  do 
by  these  presents  nominate,  constitute  &  appoint  him,  the  said 
A.  B.,  to  be  the  Surveyor  of  all  the  Lands  in  the  Gounty  of  G. 
D.  with  full  power  and  authority  to  him,  the  said  A.  B.,  to  sur- 
vey, measure  &  lay  out  all  or  any  part  or  parcell  of  Land  within 
the  said  Bounds  &  Limits  when  thereunto  required,  Observing  the 
Rules  and  Instructions  for  Surveyors  agreed  on  by  the  Surveyor 
Gen"  &  Society  of  Surveyors,  and  appointed  and  confirmed  by 
the  Governour  and  Gouncil,  A  copy  of  which  you  herewith 
receive.  I  do  hereby  further  give  to  him,  the  said  A.  B.,  full 
power  and  authority  to  ask,  demand  &  receive  all  such  Fees, 
profites,  advantages,  priviledges  &  Emoluments  pertaining  to 
the  s*  office  as  now  are  or  hereafter  shall  be  due  by  the  Laws  & 
Gustoms  of  this  Gountry,  Paying  unto  the  above  mentioned 
Trustees,  or  the  longest  Livers  or  Liver  of  them,  or  his  or  their 
order  for  the  use  of  the  said  Golledge,  one  full  sixth  part  of  all 
the  yearly  profites  that  shall  accrue  to  him  by  the  said  surveys 
as  hath  been  formerly  usual.  And  giving  a  account  of  his  per- 
formance of  this  commission  to  the  above  said  Trustees  or  their 
order  at  such  time  &  place  as  they,  from  time  to  time,  shall  ap- 
point. This  Gommission  to  continue  during  the  pleasure  of  the 
said  Trustees.     Given,  etc. 


List  of  Surveyors  Appointfd. 

Henrico  Gounty,  Richard  Lagon  [Ligon]. 

Gharles  Gity,  Theodorick  Bland. 

Surry,  Isle  of  Wight,  Thomas  Swan. 

Elizabeth  Gity,  Warwick,  William  Lowry. 

York,  Gloucester,  Miles  Gary. 

Nansemond,  Norfolk.  Princess  Ann,  Thomas  Milner. 

James  Gity,  John  Soan. 

New  Kent,  James  Minge. 

King  &  Queen,  Richard  Whitehead. 

2 


242  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Middlesex,  Edwin  Thacker. 

Accomack,  Northampton,  Edm^  Scarburgh, 

Essex,  Richmond,  Wm.  Moseley. 

Stafford,  Tho.  Grigg. 

Westmoreland,  Alexander  Spence. 

Northumberland,  George  Cooper. 


[This  List  of  the  Parishes  in  Virginia  was  printed  as  a  Senate 
Document  (Extra)  in  1874,  but  as  it  is  scarce  and  little  known,  it 
is  thought  well  to  print  it  here  to  fill  out  the  lists  for  1680.] 

State  Papers,  Colonial- Virginia.  Vol.  60,  No.  410,  June 
30th,  1680. 

A  List  of  the  Parishes  in  Virginia— /kw^  joth,  1680, 

Henrico  County. 
Varina,  J^  Bristol*,  John  Ball. 

Charles  Citty  County. 

j4  Bristol,  Jordan,  Westover,  Readers  onely.  Weyonoak, 
Martin  Brandon,  Mr.  Paul  Williams. 

Surry  County. 

Soufhwork,  Mr.  John  Clough.  Lawn's  Creek,  Mr.  John 
Weyre. 

James  Citty  County. 

Martin's  hundred,  j4  Brewton;  James  Citty,  Mr.  Rowl*  Jones. 
Wallingford;  Wilmington,  Mr.  Thomas  Hampton. 

Isle  of  Wight. 

Isle  of  Wight  Parish,  Mr.  Robt.  Park.  Lower  Parish,  Mr. 
Wm.  Housden. 


*  The  yi  occurs  in  such  cases  as  when  one  portion  of  the  parish  is  in 
one  county  and  the  other  portion  in  another.  Thus  Bristol  parish  was 
partly  in  Henrico  and  partly  in  Charles  City  counties. 


public  officers  in  virginia,  1680.  243 

Nanzemund. 

Upper  Parish,  Mr.  John  Gregory.  Lower  Parish,  Mr.  John 
Wood.  Chicokatuck,  Mr.  Wm.  Housden,  who  serves  in  Isle  of 
Wight  alsoe. 

Warwick  County. 

Denby,  Mulberry  Island,  Mr.  John  Lawrence  for  both. 

Elizabeth  Citty  County. 
In  one  Parish,  Mr.  John  Page. 

Lower  Norfolk. 

Elizabeth  River  Parish,  Mr.  Wm.  Nern.  Lynhaven  Parish, 
Mr.  James  Porter. 

Yorke  County. 

^  Brewton,  Hampton  Parish,  Mr.  Rowland  Jones.  York 
Parish,  Mr.  Edw*d  Foliott.  New  Towson  Parish,  Mr.  John 
Wright. 

New  Kent. 

South  Side — St.  Peter's  Parish,  Mr.  William  Sellick.  Bliss- 
land  Parish,  Mr.  Tho.  Taylor. 

North  Side — St.  Steven's  Parish,  Mr.  Wm.  Williams.  Strat- 
ton  Maj',  Mr.  Rob't  Carr. 

Gloucester  County. 

Kingston,   Mr.   Michaell  Zyperius.     Ware  Parish,   Mr. 

Clark.     Telsoe  Parish,  Mr.   Thomas  Vicars.     Abingdon,    Mr. 
John  Gwynn. 

Middlesex  County. 
Christ  Church  Parish,  Mr.  John  Sheppard. 

Rappahannock  County.. 
Farnam,  Mr.  Charles  Dudley.     Sydenburn,  Mr. Dudley. 

Stafford  County. 
Stafford  Parish,  Chotanck,  John  Waugh. 


244  virginia  historical  magazine. 

Westmoreland  County. 
Copeland  Parish,  Mr.  Scrim mington.     Washington,  Mr.  Wm. 
Butler. 

Northumberland  County. 

Fairfield,   Mr.   John  Farnefold.    Wacacommico,  Mr.  Davis, 
who  serves  also  at  Farnam. 

Accomack  County. 
Accomack  Parish,  Mr.  Henry  Parkes. 

Northampton  County. 
Northampton  Parish,  Hunger's  Parish,  Mr.  Thomas  Teagle. 

Lancaster  County. 
Christ's  Church,  White  Chappie,  Mr.  Benj.  Doggett. 


Board  of  Trade — Virginia — Vol.  7. 

[126.  C.  19.]  James  City,  June  8th,  1699. 

Present, 

His  Excellency  in  Council. 

His  Excellency,  by  &  with  the  consent  of  the  council,  was 
pfeased  to  nominate  &  appoint  the  collectors,  Navall  Officers, 
&  Receivers  of  the  Virginia  duties  for  the  several  Districts 
within  this  his  Maty*  Colony  and  Dominion  as  followeth»  to-witt: 

For  Upper  District  of  James  River. 

Philip  Lightfoot,  collector.  Nathaniel  Harrison,  Naval  Offi- 
cer &  Receiver  of  the  Virginia  dutys. 

For  the  Lower  District  of  James  River. 

Peter  Heyman  is  already  collector,  being  appointed  by  the 
1  hon"'  the  com"  of  the  customs.    William  Wilson,  Naval  Officer 
&  Receiver  of  the  Virginia  dutys. 


PUBLIC  OFFICERS   IN  VIRGINIA,    1680.  245 


York  River. 

William  Buckner,  Collector.  Miles  Gary,  Naval  officer  and 
Receiver  of  Virginia  dutys. 

Potomac  River. 

Nicholas  Spencer  is  already  Collector,  being  appointed  by  the 
hon**^  the  com"  of  the  customs.  Hancock  Lee,  Naval  officer 
&  Receiver  of  the  Virginia  dutys. 

In  Northumberland  County. 

Isaac  Allerton,  Naval  Officer  &  Receiver  of  the  Virginia  dutys 
in  Westmoreland  County,  including  Yeocomoco  River.  Rice 
Hoe,  Naval  Officer,  &  collector  of  the  Virginia  duties  in  Staffi^rd 
county,  including  upper  Matchotux  River. 

On  the  Eastern  Shore. 

Henry  Scarburgh,  Collector. 

John  Custis,  Naval  Officer  and  Receiver  of  the  Virginia  duties. 

Memorandum, 

For  the  upper  district  of  James  River,  Edward  Hill,  Esq.,  one 
of  his  Ma'ty'  hon^**  Council  and  Judge  of  the  Admiralty  was 
appointed  Collector  by  the  Hon"*  Com"  of  the  Customs,  Naval 
Officer  and  Receiver  of  the  Virginia  dutys,  by  S'  Edm*  Andros, 
his  Maty'  late  Lew'  &  Gov'  Gen",  etc. 

For  York  River. 

Edmund  Jenings,  Esq*r.,  one  of  his  Ma't^"  hon"*  council  and 
Deputy  Seccret'',  was  appointed  Collector  by  the  hon**^  com"  of 
the  Customs,  Naval  Officer  &  Receiver  of  the  Virginia  duties  by 
S'  Edm*  Andros,  &c. 

For  Potomack. 

Rich*  Lee,  Esq'r,  was  appointed  by  S'  Edm*  Andros,  &c.,  to 
be  naval  Officer  &  Receiver  of  the  Virginia  dutys  for  Potomack 
river,  in  which  is  included  Northumberland,  Westmoreland  and 
Stafford  Counties. 


246 


VIRGINIA  HISTORICAL  MAGAZINE. 


For  the  Eastern  Shore. 

Charles  Scarburgh,  Esq.,  one  of  his  Ma'tys  hon*"  Council, 
was  appointed  Collector  by  the  hon**"  Com"  of  the  Customs, 
Naval  Officer  &  Receiver  of  the  Virginia  duties,  by  S'  Edm' 
Andros,  &c. 

For  Rappahannock. 

Mr.  Garvin  Corbin  was  appointed  Coll'  by  S'  Edm*  Andros, 
&c. ,  upon  the  death  of  Christopher  Wormley,  Esq. ,  who  was 
appointed. 

Isle  Wight  County. 


Civ. 


Mr.  Nich.  Smith, 
MajV  Tho.  Taberer, 
Col.  Arth'  Smith. 
Mr.  Jos.  Woorey, 
Mr.  Jeremiah  Axom, 


Maj'r  Ja.  Powell, 
Mr.  Tho.  Pitt, 
Mr.  Hen.  Applewaight, 
Lt.  Geo.  Moone. 


MiL 

Maj*r  Tho.  Taberer, 
Lt.  Col.  Jno.  Pitt, 
Capt.  John  Gutridge. 
Col.  Jos.  Bridger,  Command'  in  chiefe  of  y*  horse  in  y*  Coun- 
ties of  Isle  of  Wight,  Surrey,  Nanzemond  and  Lower  Norfolk. 


Col.  Jos.  Bridger  (horse), 
Maj'r  J.  A.  Powell  (horse). 
Col.  Arth'  Smith, 


Surrey  County. 
Civ. 


Capt.  Law.  Baker, 
Mr.  Robert  Canfeild, 
Maj'r  Sam'l  Swann, 
Mr.  Ben.  Harrison, 
Mr.  Jos.  Maiden, 


Col.  Tho.  Swann, 
Lt.  Col.  Wm.  Browne, 
Maj*r  Sam"  Swann, 


Lt.  Col.  Wm.  Brown, 
Mr.  Arth'  Allen, 
Capt.  Cha.  Barham, 
Mr.  ffra.  Mason, 
Mr.  Rob't  Ruffin. 


Mil. 


Capt.  Roger  Potter, 

Capt.  Charles  Barham  (horse). 


PUBLIC   OFFICERS   IN  VIRGINIA,    1680. 


247 


Nanzemond  County. 

Civ, 

Mr.  Geo.  Gwilliams, 
Mr.  Jno.  Brassier, 
Maj'r  Bar.  Kerney, 
Capt.  And.  Booth, 
Mr.  Rich\d  Lovegrove. 

Mil, 

Capt.  James  Jossey  (horse), 
Lt.  Col.  Tho.  Milner. 


Col.  Jno.  Lear, 
Lt.  Col.  Tho.  Milner, 
Capt.  Ja.  Jossey, 
Mr.  Tho.  Godwin, 
Mr.  Jno.  Speir, 

Col.  Jno.  Lear, 

Maj'r  Bar.  Kerney, 

Capt.  Andrew  Booth  (horse),     Capt.  Tho.  Goodwin. 

Warwick  County. 
Civ, 


Mr.  Hum.  Harwood, 
Capt.  Rich'd  Whitticar, 
Capt.  Lt.  Jno.  Matthews, 
Mr.  Mig^  Cary, 


Mr.  ffra.  Rice, 
Capt.  Jno.  Langhorne, 
Mr.  Sam'l  Ransha, 
Mr.  Rob^t  Rubber  [d]. 


Mil. 

Col.  Wm.  Cole  (horse  &  foot),     Capt.  Rich'd  Whitticar, 
Maj'r  Hum.  Harwood,  Capt.  Jno.  Langhorne  (horse). 

Lower  Norfolk  County. 


Col.  Leon  Mason, 
Capt.  Wm.  Robinson, 
Lt.  Col.  Robt.  Bray, 
Capt.  John  Hatton, 
Maj'r  Anth.  Lawson, 
Mr.  Cieo.  Newton, 

Col.  Lemuell  Mason, 
Lt.  Col.  Robt.  Bray, 
Maj'r  An  tho.  Lawson, 


Mr.  Wm.  Daines, 
M^'r  ffra.  Sawyer, 
Mr.  Adam  Keeling, 
Mr.  Mai.  Thtuston, 
Mr.  Hen.  Spratt, 
Capt.  Jno.  Niccolls. 

Mil, 

Capt.  Jno.  Niccolls, 

Capt.  Adam  Keeling, 

Capt.  Wm.  Robinson  (horse). 


Elizabeth  Citty  County. 

Civ, 


Col.  Cha.  Morison, 


Maj'r  Math  Wakelin, 


248 


VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


Capt.  Antho.  Armestead, 
Mr.  Bat  Servant, 
Mr.  Tho.  Hollier, 
Mr.  Bald.  Sheppard, 
Mr.  Edw'd  My  hill, 

Col.  Charles  Morrison, 
Maj'r  Matthew  Wakelin, 


Mr.  Tho.  Jarvis, 
Mr.  Ang.  Moor, 
Mr.  Tho.  Wythe, 
Mr.  Wm.  Wilson. 

MiL 
Capt.  Antho.  Armstead  (horse). 


New  Kent  County. 


Civ. 


Col.  John  West, 
Capt.  Roger  Mallory, 
Capt.  Jno.  Lewis, 
Mr.  Wm.  Wyatt, 
Capt.  Bryan  Smith, 
Mr.  Cha.  Turner, 
Mr.  War.  Mohon, 
Capt.  John  Lane, 
Mr.  Jno.  Woodington, 


Col.  Jno.  West, 
Lt.  Col.  Geo.  Lyddale, 
Maj'r  Martin  Palmer, 
Capt.  Wm.  Jones, 


Col.  Jno.  Page, 
Maj*r  Otho  Thorp, 
Capt.  ffra  Page, 
Mr.  Edw*d  Mosse, 
Mr.  Tho.  Barber, 

Col.  Jno.  Page, 
Maj*r  Otho  Thorp, 


Lt.  Col.  Geo.  Lyddale, 
Mr.  Rich.  Littlepage, 
Capt.  Rich.  Johnson, 
Capt.  Geo.  Morris, 
Mr.  Sam"  Custin, 
Mr.  Marke  Warkeman, 
Mr.  Jos.  ffoster, 
Capt.  Jno.  Gough, 
Mr.  Pet'  Butts. 

MiL 

Capt.  Brian  Smith, 
Capt.  John  Lewis  (horse), 
Capt.  Rich.  Johnson  (horse). 

YoRKE  County. 

Civ. 

Mr.  R*  Langley, 
Mr.  Wm.  Booth, 
Mr.  Rob't  Cobbs, 
Mr.  Rob*t  Spring, 
Mr.  Mart.  Gardner. 

MiL 

Capt.  ffra.  Page, 
Capt.  Jno.  Tiplady. 


PUBLIC   OFFICERS   IN  VIRGINIA,   1680. 


249 


Gloster  County. 


L.  Col.  Law.  Smith, 
Col.  Math.  Kemp, 
Maj'r  Jno.  Armestead, 
Col.  Tho.  Pate, 
Mr.  Tho.  Walker. 
Mr.  Lewis  Burrell, 
Mr.  Abra.  Iveson, 

Col.  August.  Warner, 

Lt.  Col.  Law  Smith, 

Maj'r  ifra.  Burrell, 

Capt.  Rich.  Booker, 

Col.  Mathew  Kemp  (horse), 

Maj.  Hen.  Whiteing  (horse), 


Civ, 

Mr.  Tho.  Ramsey, 
Lt.  Col.  Th.  Lighifoot, 
Mr.  Jno.  Mann, 
Mr.  Rich'd  Young, 
Maj'r  Hen.  Whiteing, 
Mr.  Jno.  Smith. 

Mil, 

Lt.  Col.  Jno.  Armestead  (horse), 

Capt.  Jno.  Smith  (horse), 

Col.  Tho.  Pate, 

Lt.  Col.  Phill  [Tho.  ?]  Lightfoot, 

Maj.  Robt.  Pay  ton, 

Capt.  Symond  Belford. 


Rappahannock  County. 


Civ, 

Co).  Jno.  Stone, 

Col.  Leroy  Griffin, 

Lt.  Co"  Wm.  Loyd, 

Mr.  Hen.  Awbery, 

Capt.  Hen.  Smith, 

Mr.  Antho.  Savage, 

Capt.  Tho.  Goldman, 

Mr.  Hen.  Williamson, 

Capt.  Dan"  Gaine, 

Mr.  Geo.  Taylor, 

Mr.  Ja.  Harrison, 

Mr.  Wm.  ffauntleroy, 

Capt.  Sam"  Bromfield, 

Mr.  Tho.  Harwar, 

Mr.  Sam.  Peacy, 

Mr.  Wm.  Slaughter. 

Mr.  Ma.  Robinson, 

Mil, 


Col.  Jno.  Stone, 
Lt.  Col.  Wm.  Loyd, 
Maj'r  Hen.  Smith, 
Capt.  Sam"  Bromfield, 


Capt.  Dan"  Gaines, 

Col.  Leroy  Griffin  (horse), 

Capt.  Tho.  Gouldman  (horse). 


Middlesex  County. 

Civ, 
Mr.  Rich'd  Perrot,  Mr.  Aber.  Weekes, 


250 


VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


Col.  Chr.  Wormeley, 
Capt.  Walter  Whitticar, 
Lt.  Col.  Jno.  Burnham, 
Maj'r  Robt.  Beverley, 

Col.  Chr.  Wormeley, 
Lt.  Col.  Jno.  Burnham, 


Mr.  Rich'd  Perrot,  Junior, 
Mr.  Math.  Kemp, 
Mr.  Robt  Smith, 
Mr.  John  Mann. 

Mil, 

Maj'r  Robt.  Beverley, 

Capt.  Walter  Whitticar  (horse). 


Lancaster  County. 


Co"  Wm.  Ball, 
Lt.  Co"  John  Carter, 
Maj*r  Edward  Dale, 
Capt.  Wm.  Ball, 
Capt.  David  ifox, 

Co"Wm.  Ball, 

Lt.  Co"  John  Carter, 

Maj'r  Edward  Dale, 


Civ. 

Mr.  Bryant  Scott, 
Mr.  Rich'd  Tayler, 
Mr.  Tho.  Marshall, 
Mr.  ffortunatus  Sydnor. 

MiL 

Capt.  Wm.  Ball. 
Capt.  David  ffox. 


Westmoreland  County. 


Co"  Wm.  Pierce, 
Lt.  Co"  Isack  Alerton, 
Capt.  John  Lord, 
Mr.  Tho.  Kirton, 
Maj'r  Thomas  Youell, 
Mr.  Robti  Vaulx, 

Co"  Wm.  Pierce, 

Lt.  Co"  Isacc  Allerton, 


Civ, 

Mr.  Wm.  Horton, 
Mr.  Law  Washington, 
Mr.  Wm.  Hardinge, 
Mr.  Geo.  Weeden, 
Mr.  Wm.  Bridges, 
Mr.  Edw'd  ffranklin. 

MiL 

Maj'r  Tho.  Youell, 


Capt.  Antho.  Bridges. 

Co"  Richard  Lee,  of  the  Horse,  in  y*  Counties  of  Westmore- 
land, Northumberland,  and  Stafford. 

Northumberland  County. 


Civ, 


Co"  Tho.  Brereton, 


Capt.  Tho.  Mathew, 


PUBLIC   OFFICERS   IN   VIRGINIA,    1680. 


251 


Lt.  Co"  Sam"  Smyth, 
Capt.  Peter  Knight, 
Mr.  Wm.  Pressley, 
Mr.  Peter  Pressley, 
Maj'r  John  Mattro, 
Capt.  Leonard  Housen, 

Co"  Tho.  Brereton, 
Lt.  Co"  Sam"  Smith, 
Maj'r  John  Mottrom, 


Mr.  Phill.  Shapley, 
Capt.  John  Hayne, 
Mr.  Nich.  Owen, 
Mr.  Christo.  Neale, 
Mr.  Rich.  Kiner, 
.  Mr.  Wm.  Downing. 

Mil. 

Capt.  Leonard  Housen  (horse), 
Capt.  Tho.  Mathews, 
Capt.  John  Hayne. 

Stafford  County. 

Civ, 

Doctor  Wm.  Bankes, 
Mr.  Natho.  Buckner, 
Mr.  Edward  Thomasin, 
Mr.  Martin  Scarlett, 
Mr.  Math.  Thompson. 


Co"  George  Mason, 
Maj'r  Andrew  Gilson, 
Mr.  James  Ashton, 
Capt.  Rob't  Massey, 
Mr.  Malaky  Peale, 
Mr.  Vincent  Young, 

MiL 

Co"  George  Mason,  Maj'r  Andrew  Gilson, 

Lt.  Co"  Cadwalader  Jones,  Capt.  Rob't  Massey. 

Northampton  County. 


Co"  John  Stringer, 
Lt.  Co"  Wm.  Waters, 
Co"  Wm.  Kendall, 
Capt.  John  Robins, 
Maj'r  Wm.  Spencer, 
Capt.  ifra  Piggott, 

Co"  John  Custis, 
Co"  John  Stringer, 
Lt.  Co"  Wm.  Waters, 
Maj'r  Wm.  Spencer, 


109 
209 


Civ. 

Mr.  ArgoU  Yardley, 

Mr.  Hancock  Lee, 

Mr.  John  Custis, 

Mr.  Tho.  Harmonson, 

Mr.  John  Eyres, 

Capt.  Wm.  Whittington. 

MiL 

Capt.  Wm.  Whittington  (horse) 
Capt.  John  Robins, 
Capt.  ffra.  Piggott, 
Capt.  Hancock  Lee. 

Millitary  Officers. 
Civill  Officers. 


252 


VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


Accomack  County. 


Civ. 


YAz^T  Charles  Scarborou  [gh], 

Lt.  Co"  John  West, 

Maj'r  Edmund  Bourn  [an], 

Capt.  Dan"  Jeniffer, 

Capt  Wm.  Custis, 

Capt.  Edmund  Scarborough, 


Capt  Rich'd  HiU. 
Mr.  Rich'd  Bayley, 
Mr.  Obedience  Jonson, 
Mr.  John  Wallop, 
Mr.  Hillary  Stringe  [r], 
Mr.  Tho.  Wilborne, 


Mr.  George  Nicholas  Haak  [Hack?]. 

Mil. 


Co"  Wm.  Kendoll. 
Lt.  Co"  John  West, 
Maj'r  Charles  Scarborgh, 


Co"  John  Custis, 

Maj'r  Edmund  Bouman, 


Capt.  Edmund  Scarburg, 
Capt.  Dan"  Jenifer, 
Capt.  Obedience  Jonson, 


Horse, 


Capt.  Rich'd  Hill, 
Capt.  Wm.  Custis. 


A  List  of  the  Attorneyes. 


Lancelot  Bathurst, 
Matthew  Kemp,  Jun'r, 
Wm.  ffitzhugh, 
Edm'd  Jenings, 
Charles  Turner, 
Rob't  Beverley, 
George  Brent, 
James  Gaylor, 
Rob't  Bradley, 
Charles  Holden, 
Edward  Hill, 
Wm.  Sedgwick, 
Richard  Clarke, 
Peter  Wall, 
Wm.  Sherwood, 
Richard  James, 
Wm.  Leigh, 


Edward  Harrison, 
William  Thompson, 
Wm.  Evans  [ot  Euans], 
Hugh  Owen, 
John  Stiih, 
Joseph  Stiles, 
Robert  CoUes, 
Robert  Play  ton, 
Ambros  Clare, 
Thomas  Clayton, 
Mola.  Thruston, 
Phill.  Howard, 
John  Lear, 
Rob't  Colby, 
Jno.  Wilkinson, 
Wm.  Harrison. 


LETTERS   OF   WILLIAM   FITZHUGH.  258 


Letters  of  Wm.  Fitzhugh. 

(continued.) 

June  nth,  1683-4. 
HarCrd  Sir, 

This  conveniency  by  Mr.  Simpson  gives  me  the  opportunity 
not  only  of  saluting  your  Hon'  but  returning  you  my  humble 
thanks  for  your  favour  in  that  worshipfull  employment  you  were 
pleased  lately  to  confer  upon  me  which  because  it  comes  from 
your  Hon*^  I  shall  readily  (and  could  wish  that  my  abilitys  etc 
would  admit  me  to  say)  and  willingly  accept  assuring  myself  you 
designed  it  a  publick  advantage  (suitable  to  the  rest  of  your  en- 
deavours for  a  general  good)  and  no  particular  prejudice  to  any 
Individual;  and  therefore  do  not  question  but  your  Hon'  will  be 
assistant  to  support  me,  in  the  charge  you  were  pleased  to  confer 
upon  me,  that  contempt  (the  worst  of  enemies  to  any  in  authority 
and  the  certain  and  inseparable  association  of  poverty)  may  not 
discourage  me:  And  I  shall  endeavour  to  make  use  of  the  utmost 
and  as  far  as  I  can  those  poor  abilities  (it  hath  pleased  God  to 
bestow  upon  me)  for  the  good  and  service  of  my  country. 

Your  Wff. 
To  The  Hon""  Nicolas  Spencer  Esqr, 

President  of  Virginia. 


June  loth,  1684. 
HorCrd  Sir, 

Herewith  comes  accompany* d  all  your  Papers  a  letter  with 
State  of  your  case  drawn  by  Mr.  Brent;  the  contents  I  have  not 
seen  till  I  had  view  of  your  papers;  I  could  not  finish,  mine;  I 
have  also  sent  you  the  State  of  your  case  done  p  my  self  as 
well  as  I  could  draw  it.  I  have  not  had  the  happiness  of  seeing 
or  discoursing  Mr.  Brent  since  his  coming  from  Town  but  just 
half  an  hour  as  he  came  up,  his  business  constantly  calling  him 
abroad  so  that  I  may  not  perhaps  be  so  full,  but  I  am  sure  what 
I  want  is  fully  supply' d  by  his  better  abilitys  and  better  Judge- 
ment, I  believe  our  drawing  it  seperately  may  be  for  you  advan- 


264  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

tage.  S'  Be  sure  if  possible  to  get  copys  of  those  things  I 
advised,  as  the  Commission's  &c  to  send  with  the  rest  your 
papers.  S'  My  last  for  a  sudden  dispatch  away  (being  hastened 
by  CoU^  Jones*  as  you  may  see  p  his  writing  to  help  forward) 
will  not  suffer  me  to  add  any  more,  save  to  wish  this  successful! 
to  you  and  to  assure  you  notwithstanding  the  false  calumnies 
and  storys  that  have  been  made  to  you  of  me,  I  shall  always 
endeavour  to  manifest  myself 

S'  Your  Wff. 
To  Ralph  Wormley  Esqr. 


Traverse  of  an  Escheat  inter  Lewis  Burrell  f  and  Lewis  Griffin  J 


*  Cadwalader  Jones  was  Lt. -Colonel  in  the  Stafford  militia  in  1680. 
(Report,  in  English  Colonial  Papers.)  There  is  in  the  English  State 
Papers  Office  a  letter,  dated  Mt.  Paradise,  Virginia,  February  6th,  168)^, 
from  him  to  Lord  Baltimore,  requesting  permission  to  trade  with 
Indians  in  Maryland,  and  naming  Thomas  Owsley,  the  bearer,  as  his 
agent.  He  also  gives  some  account  of  his  trade  and  of  the  movements 
of  the  Northern  Indians.  Accompanying  a  letter,  July  ist,  1699, 
from  Gov.  Nicholson  to  the  Lords  of  Trade,  is  **Col.  Cadwallader 
Jones*  Essay  about  the  Indian  Trade  (5  pages),  with  a  MS.  map  or 
plot  of  Louisiana.'' — English  State  Paper  Office » 

t  Lewis  Burwell,  of  "  Carter's  Creek,"  Gloucester,  and  afterwards  of 
Queen's  Creek,  York,  was  the  eldest  son  of  Major  Lewis  Burwell,  the 
immigrant;  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Council,  November,  1700, 
and  died  December  19th,  17 10.  He  married  Abigail  Smith,  niece  and 
heiress  of  President  Nathaniel  Bacon. 

X  The  first  of  this  Griffin  family  in  Virginia  was  Thomas*  Griffin, 
who  received  various  grants  of  land  from  165 1.  (Edw'd  BradshaWf  of 
Lancaster  county,  in  his  will,  1675,  makes  bequest  to  '*my  country- 
man," Thomas    Griffin,    and  to    his»— T.    G.'s — daughter,    Winifred 

Griffin ;)  married  Sarah ,  and  died  in  or  before  1660.    (His  widow 

married,  secondly,  Samuel  Griffin,  of  Northumberland  county).  Chil- 
dren: I.  Colonel  Leroy,  of  Rappahannock,  born  1646  (deposition); 
justice  of  the  county  1680,  &c. ;  married  Winifred,  daughter  of  Henry 
Corbin,  of  ''Buckingham,"  Middlesex  (her  will  pro.  Rd.  Co.,  1711);  2. 
T)iomas;  3.  Winifred. 

I.  CoL.  Lerov  Griffin  (miswritten  "Lewis"  in  the  text)  and  his 
wife,  Winifred  Corbin,  had  issue  :  4.  Thonias;  5.  Corbin,  of  Middlesex 
county;  will  pro.  1701 ;  justice  of  Middlesex  1700,  &c.;  married  Judith, 


LETTERS   OF  WILLIAM    FITZHUGH.  255 

daughter  of  Christopher  Wormeley,  of  Middlesex,  and  d,  s,  p, ;  6. 
Winifred,  married  Col.  Peter  Presley,  of  **  Northumberland  House," 
Northumberland  county.  His  will  pro.  Northumberland  county,  Sep- 
tember loth,  1750,  and  his  only  daughter  and  heiress,  Winifred,  mar- 
ried Anthony  Thornton,  and  was  mother  of  Colonel  Presley  Thornton, 
of  "Northumberland  House,**  member  of  the  Council  1760-69. 

4.  Thomas  Griffin,  of  Richmond  county ;  in  1707  received  a  re- 
grant  for  3,136  acres  in  Richmond  county,  which  had  been  before 
granted  at  various  times  to  Thomas,  Leroy  and  Samuel  Griffin ;  was 
member  of  the  House  of  Burgesses  for  Richmond  county,  17 18,  1723; 

married  Elizabeth  (his  will  pro.  Rd.  Co.,  1733;  her  will  pro.  Rd. 

Co.  1761).  Children :  7.  Leroy^  of  Richmond  county ;  high  sheriff 
1734;*  will  pro.  Rd.  Co.  1750;  married  Mary  Ann,  only  daughter  and 
heiress  of  John  Bertrand,  of  **  Belleisle,"  Lancaster  county ;  8.  Wini- 
fred, married  Capt.  Samuel  Peachey,  of  Richmond  county;  9.  Alice 

Corbin,  married  Travers  Colston;  9.  Ann,  married  Tarpley;  10. 

Sarah;  11.  Ann. 

7.  Leroy  Griffin  and  Mary  Ann  (Bertrand),  his  wife,  had  issue; 
Thomas  Bertrand,  who  inherited  his  maternal  grandfather's  and  uncle's 
estate,  '* Belleisle,"  Lancaster  county,  and  was  clerk  of  Lancaster 
i77o-*77;  12.  Leroy,  of  Richmond  county;  will  pro.  1775;  had  issue: 
Ann  Corbin  (Griffin),  Elizabeth  and  Judith;  13,  Corbin;  14.  William; 
15.  Samuel;  16.  Cyrus ;  17.  Elizabeth,  married,  1757,  Col.  Richard 
Adams,  Sr.,  of  Richmond  (city.) 

13.  Dr.  Corbin  Griffin,  of  Yorktown,  Va.,  was  a  member  of  the 
York  County  Committee  of  Safety  i775-*6 ;  Surgeon  in  the  Virginia 
line  during  the  Revolution  (Records  in  State  Land  Office),  for  many 
years  justice  of  York,  State  Senate  1780,  &c.,  and  died  1813.  He  mar- 
ried Mary,  daughter  of  Col.  Edmund  Berkeley,  of  *♦  Barn  Elms  "  Mid- 
dlesex.   Children :  18.   Thomas, 

14.  William  Griffin,  of  King  and  Queen  county ;  sheriff  of  that 
county  1782,  and  colonel  commanding  militia  1781 ;  married,  1771, 
Susanna,  widow  of  Speaker  John  Robinson,  and  daughter  of  Col.  Jno. 
Chiswell.    {Gazette) 

15.  Samuel  Griffin,  of  Williamsburg,  served  in  the  Revolution  as  a 
Colonel  in  the  Continental  Line  (Records  in  Land  Office),  and  was,  in 

1781,  a  member  of  the  State  Board  of  War;  of  the  House  of  Dele-  ^\o^ 

gates  from  Williamsburg  1787  and  1788;  Member  of  Congress  i789-*95t  -^^iW^ 
and  died  November  3d,   1810.     He  married  ,  and  had  only  one  ^ 


daughter  and  heiress,  Elizabeth  Corbin,  who  married  (I)«^fii  Gatliffe, 
(II)  Prof.  Ferdinand  Stewart  Campbell  (afterwards  Stuart),  of  William 
and  Mary  College.  There  is  a  notice  in  the  Virginia  Gazette  of  the 
death  of  Mrs.  Judith  Griffin,  daughter  of  Carter  Burwell,  of  "The 
Grove.**  Perhaps  she  was  wife  of  Col.  Samuel  Griffin.  |4o  .  St^^^t^J^  V*^' 
16.  Cyrus  Griffin,  of  York  county;  born  1748;  died  in  Yorktown, 


256  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

as  Legatees  to  Coll"  Jno.  Burnham*  Deces*d  and  Ralph  Worm- 


December  14th,  1810;  was  educated  in  England  and  studied  law  in  the 
Temple;  was  Member  of  Conj^ress  i778-*8i,  and  elected  by  that  body 
President  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Admiralty ;  Member  of  Congress 
again  in  i787-*88,  and  President  of  Congress;  and  was  United  States 
District  Judge  1789-1810.  While  a  student  in  England  he  met  and  sub- 
sequently married  Lady  Christina,  daughter  of  John  Stuart,  Ninth 
Earl  of  Traquair,  in  Scotland.  (She  died  about  December  ist,  1807. 
See  obituaries  of  Judge  Grifiin  and  his  wife  in  Richmond  Enquirer,) 
Children :  19.  Cyrus,  died  in  Williamsburg  October  loth,  1834,  while  a 
young  man;  20.  John,  Judge  of  Supreme  Court  of  Indiana  Territory 
1804,  &c. ;  probably  d.  s,  p.;  21.  Dr.  Samuel  Stuart,  married  Sally, 
daughter  of  James  Lewis,  of  Gloucester  county,  and  had :  a.  James  Lewis 
Corbin,  born  1814,  died  October  22d.  1878;  b,  Cyrus;  c,  Louisa,  mar- 
ried Dr. Wright;  22.  Mary,  married  Major  Thomas  Griffin.  23.  Louise, 
married  Col.  Hugh  Mercer,  Jr.,  of  Fredericksburg,  youngest  son  of 
General  Hugh  Mercer,  of  the  Revolution. 

18.  Major  Thomas  Griffin,  of  York  county ;  born  1773 ;  died  Oc- 
tober 7th,  1837 ;  member  of  the  House  of  Delegates  i793-*98.  '99,  1800, 
1 803- '04, '05;  i8i9-*20,  *2i,  *22;  i826-*27,  ^830;  Member  of  Congress 
i8o3-'o5,  and  second  in  command  of  the  Virginia  militia  in  the  fight 
near  Hampton  in  the  War  of  1812.  He  married  his  cousin  Mary, 
daughter  of  Judge  Cyrus  Griffin,  and  had  issue:  (i.)  Mary,  married 
William  Waller,  of  Williamsburg,  and  died  April  29th,  1827;  (2.)  Eliza, 
married  Dr.  Robert  P.  Waller,  of  Williamsburg. 

The  will  of  Leroy  Griffin  (1750)  bequeathes  five  ** family  pictures" 
and  a  "coat-of-arms,"  presumably  in  a  frame.  And  in  an  inventory, 
1761,  the  pictures  and  arms  are  again  included. 

Col.  Samuel  Griffin,  of  Northumberland  (and  before  of  Rappahan- 
nock), merchant,  died  in  1703  and  his  will  was  probated  and  recorded 
in  that  year.  He  had  an  only  child,  Katherine,  who  married  (I)  Wil- 
liam Fauntleroy,  of  Richmond  county,  (II)  David  Gwyn,  of  Richmond 
county.  In  his  will  Samuel  Griffin  names  his  brother-in-law,  John 
Hobbs,  of  London,  and  sister  Elizabeth  his  wife;  "  Cousin  "  Thomas 
Hewitt,  "son  of  my  said  sister";  kinsman  Jno.  Hewitt  (another 
nephew),  Katherine,  daughter  of  sister  Katherine  Sprigg,  deceased ; 
kinsman  Samuel  Godwin  to  have  accommodation  free  in  his  house  for 
three  years.    And  gives  his  kinsman  Col.  Wm.  Tayloe  a  ring. 

The  line  of  descent  here  given  is  derived  chiefly  from  wills,  deeds, 
&c.,  recorded  in  Essex,  Middlesex,  Richmond,  and  Northumberland 
counties. 

*The  first  of  this  name  in  Virginia  was  Captain  Rowland  Burnham, 
who  settled  at  an  early  date  in  York  county,  where  he  was  a  justice, 


LETTERS   OF   WILLIAM    FITZHUGH.  257 

ley  Elsqr  as  Tennant  to  and  Purchaser  of  his  Majestie  of  a  certain 
parcell  of  land  lying  in  Middlesex  county  after  an  office  found 


and  was  a  member  of  the  House  of  Burgesses  October*  1644,  Novem- 
ber, 1645,  March,  i645-'6,  and  October,  1649.  He  subsequently  re- 
moved to  that  portion  of  Lancaster  which  is  now  Middlesex.  His  will 
was  dated  February  12th,  1655,  pro.  Lancaster  January  14th,  1656.  He 
describes  himself  as  *'of  Rappahannock  River  in  Vire:inia,  and  about 
taking  a  voyage  to  England."  Legatees  :  Brother  Thomas  Holmes,  of 
York  county,  and  sister  Margery  Holmes,  rings ;  friend  Francis  Cole, 
of  Rappahannock  River,  and  Margery,  his  wife*  rings ;  and  £io  to  be 
laid  out  in  a  piece  of  plate  for  said  Alice  Cole;  son  John  Burnham,  one 
negro;  daughter  Eleanor  Burnham,  one  negro;  eldest  sons  Thomas 
and  John,  two  English  youths  and  three  negroes;  sons  John  and 
Francis  and  daughter  Eleanor,  one-half  of  his  cattle ;  sons  and  daugh- 
ter, one-half  of  his  hogs ;  sons  John  and  Francis  and  daughter  Eleanor, 
two-thirds  of  the  next  crop ;  the  other  third  to  his  wife  Alice ;  divides 
the  hoes  and  other  farming  implements;  to  sons  and  daughter,  two- 
thirds  of  all  rugs,  bedding,  &c. ;  divides  household  furniture  in  various 
proportions ;  all  his  lands,  being  two  tracts  on  the  south  side  of  Rap- 
pahannock River,  where  he  lived,  gives  to  his  three  sons ;  wife  Alice 
all  remainder  of  estate  in  Virginia,  vizt:  Five  English  servants,  four 
negroes,  half  the  cattle,  one-third  of  next  crop,  all  beds,  &c.,  in  the 
house,  all  plate,  linen,  &c.,  in  the  house,  and  such  plate  as  should  come 
from  England  for  her  that  year;  appoints  friend  Francis  Cole  and 
brother  Thomas  Holmes  overseers  of  his  will.  He  married  Alice 
daughter  of  Richard  Eltonhead,  of  Eltonhead,  County  Lancaster,  Eng- 
land, who  married  (II)  Henry  Corbin,  of  "  Buckingham,"  Middlesex. 
(Her  surname  is  derived  from  the  Corbin  pedigree,  and  there  is  evi- 
dence, from  several  documents  recorded  in  Lancaster  county,  Va.,  that 
Alice,  widow  of  Rowland  Burnham,  married  Henry  Corbin ;  but  it  could 
not  have  been  in  1645,  as  printed  in  the  Corbin  account.  It  was,  how- 
ever, before  May  24th,  1657,  and  probably  was  in  1655.)  Children 
(Burnham):  i.  John ;  2.  Thomas,  must  have  d,  s.  p.\  3.  Francis,  must 
have  d,  s.p.\  4.  Eleanor,  must  have  d.  s.  p. 

John  Burnham  was  justice  and  lieutenant  colonel  of  militia  in  Mid- 
dlesex in  1680,  and  died  unmarried  before  July,  1681.  Col.  Leroy 
Griffin  and  Major  Lewis  Burwell  presented  for  probate  a  will  by  which 
Col.  John  Burnham  left  them  the  whole  of  his  property  and  appointed 
them  his  executors.  But  Ralph  Wormeley  contended  that  the  will  was 
invalid,  as  having  only  two  signatures,  and  that  accordingly  Burnham^s 
lands,  for  lack  of  heirs,  were  subject  to  escheat,  and  applied  for  a 
grant.  He  moreover  introduced  a  protest,  dated  July  4th,  1681  (now 
on  record  in  Middlesex),  from  Abraham  Kenyon,  minister  (alluded  to 


268  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL    MAGAZINE. 

for  the  same  and  by  a  lawfull  Purchase  of  the  King  the  said  land 
in  fee  by  the  said  Wormley  now  in  his  Possession.  The  said 
Burrell  and  Griffin  set  forth  that  the  said  land  ought  not  Escheat 
to  his  Majestic  for  that  Mr.  Burnham  made  a  Will  and  by  the 
said  Will  Demised  it  to  them  therefore  &c  but  it  was  answered 
on  the  other  part  that  the  said  Will  that  they  claim  by  was 
not  good  de  jure  to  pass  Lands  and  Tenements,  by  reason 
there  was  not  such  and  so  many  Witnesses  to  it,  as  the  Law 
requires,  and  for  that  pleaded  the  Statute  made  in  the  29th  year 
of  his  Majestic* s  Reign,  Intitued  an  Act  to  prevent  fraud  and 
Perjury  &c  and  farther  that  by  Eclesiastical  Law  which  reformed 
the  Civil  Law  from  seven  to  three  Witnesses  whereof  the  Paro- 
chial Minister  to  be  one,  except  in  Demises  at  pias  Causas  &c. 
when  two  was  sufficient,  it  was  not  a  good  will,  but  by  the  Gen- 
eral custom  of  the  Realm,  which  is  the  common  Law,  whereby 
two  are  sufficient  provided  they  be  free  from  all  just  cause  of 
Exception.  But  these  two  witnesses  that  were  to  this  Will,  were 
not  clear  from  all  just  cause  of  Exception,  as  appears  p.  Mr. 
Kennion  and  others  therefore  &c.  Secondly  Admitting  that 
those  two  Evidences  by  the  common  Law  according  to  the  Gen- 
erall  Custom  of  the  Realm,  were  sufficient  notwithstanding  the 
exceptions,  taken  to  them  and  proved  against  them  yet  by  a 
late  Statute  made  in  the  29th  year  of  his  Majestic' s  Reign  Inti- 
tued An  Act  to  prevent  fraud  and  perjury  &c.     It  is  there  pro- 


in  the  text,)  who  stated  that  he  was  present  at  Col.  Griffin's  when  Col. 
Burnham  died ;  but  though  Col.  Griffin  wrote  the  will  the  sick  man  was 
too  far  gone  to  acknowledge  or  sign  it.  There  are  also  recorded  in 
Middlesex  petitions  from  Griffin  (who  married  Winifred  Corbin,  Bura- 
ham's  half  sister)  and  Burwell,  and  various  other  papers  in  regard  to 
the  case,  which  was  carried  up  to  the  General  Court.  What  the  result 
was  does  not  appear,  but  among  the  other  lawyers  engaged  in  it  before 
the  higher  court  were  Wm.  Sherwood,  Thomas  Clayton  and  Arthur 
Spicer. 

Lancaster  County  Court,  December  i6th,  1657,  made  an  order  in 
favor  of  Burnham  Dale  vs.  the  estate  of  Rowland  Burnham,  deceased. 
At  a  General  Court,  September  30,  1681,  Humphrey  and  John  Gwyn,  in 
their  own  right,  and  as  attorneys  for  Humphrey  Stafford,  presented  a 
petition  stating  that  they  were  the  nearest  allied  to  Col.  John  Burnham, 
deceased;  asked  for  administration  on  his  estate,  and  that  they  be 
allowed  to  bring  proof  of  their  allegations.    (Middlesex  records.) 


LETTERS   OF  WILLIAM   FITZHUGH.  269 

vided  and  Enacted,  that  for  every  bequest  of  lands  and  tene- 
ments &c  for  the  future,  no  Will  shall  be  good  and  effectual  in 
Law  except  there  be  three  or  more  Witnesses  attesting  and  sub- 
scribing in  the  presence  of  the  Demiser  &c  which  is  Introduc- 
tive  of  a  new  Law  and  without  doubt,  the  Parliament  before  they 
set  down  so  precise  a  Law,  had  sufficient  tryal  of  great  Craft  and 
cunning  practised  in  the  making  and  proving  of  Testaments  and 
were  induced  to  it  upon  the  Same  Rules  as  Justinian  was  to 
approve  of  his  solemn  Testaments  (propter  Testamentarum  sin- 
ceritatem  ut  nulla  fraus   adhibeatur).     Now  for  that    the  Said 
Will  had  not  such  Witnesses  so  qualified  as  the  Law  requires 
(viz)  free  from  Exception  &c  nor  so  many  as  the  said  Statute 
did  require  and  appoint  and  without  which  it  doth  invalid  the 
Will  as  to  the  passing  of  lands  and  Tenements  and  because  it 
hath  not  a  legall  probate  therefore  moved  to  be  dismissed.     To 
the  first  part  they  moved  for  a  jury  to  try  it,  which  was  admitted 
who  brought  in  a  Verdict,  that  it  was  a  lawfuU  Will.'    How  it 
was  the  business  of  a  Jury,  and  by  what  Rule  in  Law  a  Jury 
try'd  that  Will,  I  am  wholly  ignorant  of.     For  the  Probate  of 
Testament  according  to  the  Law  of  England  there  are  two  sorts, 
the  one  the  vulgar  or  common  sort,  the  other  according  to  the 
form  of  Laws  Sevin  6,  6  part  S.  14.     The  First  is  Presentation 
of  the  Will  to  the  Judge  without  citing  any  body  and  producing 
witnesses  to  prove  the  same,  who  testifying  upon  their  oaths  viva 
voce,  that  the  Testament  exhibited  is  the  true,  whole  and  last 
Testament  of  the  Party  deceased,  the  judge  doth  confirm  the 
same.     In  the  other  the  Widow  or  next  of  kin  ought  to  be  cited 
and  in  their  presence  ought  the  Presentation  and  probation  of 
the  Same  to  be,  that  they  may  have  knowledge  thereof  and  con- 
veniency  of  cross  Examination  and   then  upon  sufficient  proof 
the  Judge  by  his  sentence  or  Decree  doth  pronounce  for  the 
validity  of  the  Testament;  neither  of  these,  not  so  much  as  the 
Vulgar  form  was  observed  in  the  probate  of  this  Will  and  there- 
fore it  ought  not  to  be  admitted  as  a  good  Will,  for  the  passing  of 
goods  and  Chattels,  much  more  the  passing  of  lands  and  Tene- 
ments and  how  a  Jury  could  proceed  thereupon  or  give  Verdict 
therein  to  make  that  good  and  legal,  who  have  nothing  to  do 
but  with  matter  of  fact,  for  ad  questionem  Juris  non  respondent 
juratores,  and  how  their  verdict  should  make  that  a  good  and 


260  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

lawfull  Will  which  was  illeg^al  ab  initio  and  never  hath  received 
lawful!  probate.  As  to  the  second,  which  is  upon  the  Statute, 
they  pleaded,  that  the  Laws  and  Statutes  of  England  were  not 
binding  to  us  here,  except  such  statutes  where  we  are  particularly 
named,  and  parallelled  us  with  Ireland,  saying  that  Ireland  was 
not  bound  by  any  Statutes  made  in  England  Except  particularly 
named  &c.  That  the  laws  and  statutes  of  England  are  binding 
here  we  shall  make  appear,  by  these  reasons.  First  there's  no 
body  will  deny  but  we  are  governed  by  some  Laws  else  we  must 
be  esteemed  lawless;  that  we  are  not  lawless,  appears  by  all  our 
courts  of  Judicature  and  Judicial  proceedings  therefore  we  have 
Laws  to  proceed  by.  Secondly  we  have  no  Original  Laws 
amongst  us  derived  from  the  Natives  here  for  we  found  them  at 
our  first  coming  (and  they  yet  continue  little  better)  so  barbarous 
and  rude  that  they  had  no  other  direction  and  Government 
amongst  them  but  the  Law  of  nature,  and  what  civility  they 
since  have,  arrives  to  them  from  their  commerce  with  us. 
Secondly  That  we  are  not  ruled  by  Laws  made  amongst  us,  is 
manifest,  by  reason  what  Laws  we  have  made  amongst  us  here 
since  our  first  Settlement  are  merely  made  for  our  particular 
constitution,  where  the  Laws  of  England  were  thought  incon- 
venient in  that  particular,  and  rather  disadvantageous  and  burden- 
som  than  any  way  for  our  advantage  or  benefit.  For  Example 
The  Laws  of  England  require  a  Jury  of  the  Vicinage  for  the 
tryal  of  all  offences,  especially  of  Capital  offences,  but  because 
our  constitution  will  not  admit  thereof,  expressly  by  reason  we 
have  but  one  court  settled  in  one  place  for  all  such  tryals  and 
the  fewness  of  our  Inhabitants  and  the  great  distance  some  live 
therefrom  would  be  very  burdensome  to  us,  to  be  summoned 
thither  we  have  made  some  alteration  therein,  that  not  only  six 
of  the  Vicinage,  and  six  more  of  the  Inhabitants  or  people 
about  the  Generall  Court  to  be  joined  with  them,  shall  be  held  a 
good  and  lawfull  Jury  for  such  tryal  and  the  rest  of  the  Laws 
made  amongst  us  are  such  like.  Thirdly  and  lastly,  seeing  we 
have  no  Original  Laws  amongst  us  derived  from  the  Natives,  nor 
new  Laws  made  amongst  us,  to  direct  guide  and  govern  our 
judicial  proceedings  and  have  courts  of  Judicature  we  must  con- 
sequently be  governed  by  the  Laws  of  England  which  is  thus 
manifested.     First,  from  his  Majestie*s  Instruction  from  time  to 


LETTERS   OF   WILLIAM    FITZHUGH.  261 

time  sent  to  us.  Secondly,  from  the  severall  commissions  granted 
to  the  Governors.  Thirdly,  from  all  the  Commissions  of  Oyer  and 
terminer  directed  to  the  Governor  and  Council  here.  Fourthly, 
from  all  the  commissions  of  the  respective  Justices  of  the  Peace 
for  the  Countys  made  pursuant  to  the  commissions  and  Instruc- 
tions, from  time  to  time  granted  to  the  several  Governors  and 
particularly  those  to  my  Lord  Culpepper.  Fifthly,  From  all  the 
Patents  granted  since  our  first  settlement.  Sixthly,  from  our 
own  Acts  of  Assembly,  which  we  have  priviledge  and  authority 
to  make.  Seventhly  from  the  continual  practice  and  usage  of 
the  country  since  its  first  Sal  nation.  Rightly  and  lastly  from  the 
inconvenience  that  would  follow  thereupon  if  it  should  not  be  so. 
To  the  first  his  Majesties  Instructions  from  time  to  time  directs 
among  other  things,  that  all  proceedings  here  shall  be  according 
to  the  Laws  of  England,  as  may  be  seen  by  the  Instructions 
themselves.  To  the  2d  3d  and  4,  the  several  commissions  make 
manifest,  In  some  of  which  is  expressed  in  these  very  words 
according  to  the  customs  and  Laws  of  England  especially  the 
first  and  now  in  these  latter  commissions  by  reason  we  have 
some  Acts  of  Assembly  that  make  some  small  deviation  from  the 
Laws  of  England,  the  respective  offices  in  the  said  commissions 
were  directed  and  commanded  in  these  express  words  to  proceed 
as  near  as  may  be  the  Laws  and  Customs  of  England.  To  the 
5th  Allow  Pattents  join  and  unite  us  to  the  Realm  of  England 
as  parcel  thereof  as  p  the  words  of  our  Pattents  doth  plainly 
appear,  the  words  of  which  are  to  be  held  of  the  mannor  of  East 
Green  with  &c  and  now  if  we  are  a  Part  and  branch  of  England 
then  consequently  we  have  a  Right  to  and  benefit  of  the  Laws 
of  England.  To  the  sixth.  That  is  our  own  Acts  of  Assembly 
and  these  confirmed  and  allowed  of  by  his  Majestie.  First  the 
preamble  to  the  body  our  printed  Acts  doth  declare  that  what 
laws  we  make,  must  not  be  repugnant  to  the  Laws  of  England 
&c.  Ergo  2dly  the  31st  of  our  printed  acts,  which  appoints 
County  Courts,  to  proceed  in  Causes  of  meum  and  tuum,  without 
limitation  for  the  which  by  the  Laws  of  England,  Justices  of 
Peace  cannot  do  in  their  Sessions  and  therefore  a  particular  Law 
was  required  for  that,  but  then  for  direction  of  their  Judgment 
for  management  of  that  Jurisdiction  thus  by  this  Law  .given,  it 
directs  them  to  proceed  according  to  the  Laws  of  England  and 


262  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

more  particularly  in  one  act  made  in  Oct'  1666,  there  it  is  directed 
and  appointed  that  every  particular  court  in  Virginia,  shall  send 
for  the  Statutes  at  large  and  in  Especial  directs  and  appoints  the 
getting  those  made  in  this  Kings  reign,  also  orders  the  sending 
for  Cookes  first  Institutes,  Swineburne  of  Wills  &c.  and  the  Law 
yields  the  reason  of  this  a  Command  and  charge  (viz)  for  their 
guide  and  Directions   to   proceed   to  Judgment.     Now   if  the 
Laws,  Statutes  and  Customs  of  England  were  not  binding  here 
this  was  an  idle  frivolous  Law  and  quite  breaks  a  good  Rule  of 
reason  lex  neminem  cogit  advanseu  in  utilas,  but  if  the  Laws  of 
England  were  not  in  force  here  the  court  was  forc'd  to  do  an  idle 
and  unprofitable  act.     To  the  7th  our  continual  usage  and  prac- 
tise since  the  first  settlement  hath  been  according  to  the  Laws 
and  Customs  of  England  and  all  the  precedents  in  the  several 
courts  both  civil  and   criminal,    whereof  there's  above    loooo 
Precedents,  nay  some  fresh  ones  that  occur  to  my  memory  last 
gen"  Court,  there  was  some  tryed  condemned  and  executed  upon 
13th  of  this  King  for  treason,  in  several  branches  of  this  very 
Statute  of  the  29th  of  his  Majestic   not  only   in   the   General 
Court,  but  in  the  divers  other  County  Courts.     Now   how  far 
custom  Precedents  and  Practice  Rules  may  be  seen  co:  Lib  2. 
fo:   16.  17  in  these  words.     For   the  Customs  and  Courses  of 
every  of  the  Kings  courts  are  as  a  Law  and  the  common  Law 
for  the  universalitys  doth  take  notice  of  them  and  needed  not  to 
be  allowed  or  pleaded  any  usage  or  prescription  to  warrant  the 
Same  and  so  it  is  holden  5  Edw.  4,  i.  &  11.  Ed:  4  and  2  that 
the  course  of  a  court  is  a  Law  and  3  R.  3  and  9  also  in  a  Patent 
of  H.  7.  four  letters  (viz)  H.  R.   F.  H.  were  left  out  intending 
afterwards  propter  known  to  be  drawn  and  limned  in  gold  but 
the  great  seal  was  put  to  the  grant  leaving  out  those  letters  and 
yet  the  Pattentwas  judged  good  for  the  multitude  of  precedents 
Co.  Lib.   2.  fo:  6.     Upon  view  of  several  precedents  shewn  by 
Mr.  Brownlow,  the  Court  suffered  no  farther  argument,  but  gave 
judgment  according  to  them,   co.  Lib.  4  fo:    41.     Precedents 
shewed  to  strengthen  then  an  Indictment  and  allowed.     Quod 
nima  Subslitutas  injure   reprobatur.     In  Rawlings  case  in  the 
fourth  Report  fo :  53  54  All  the  Judges  commanded  that  Prece- 
dents m;ist  be  searched,  because  without  Precedents,  it  seemed 
to  them  the  Law  to  be  otherwise  and  upon  search  of  the  Records 


LETTERS   OF   WILLIAM    FITZHUGH.  263 

many  were  showed  to  the  Justices.  And  thereof  the  Justices 
and  Barons  una  voce,  in  regard  of  the  precedents  which  make  a 
Law  adjudged  the  case  according  to  them  Co:  Lib  4.  fo:  93,94. 
An  Action  of  the  case  lyeth  as  well  upon  a  contract  as  Action  of 
Debt,  because  all  the  divers  Precedents  for  the  same,  in  H.  6: 
Ed:  4.  H  4  and  H  8.  to  which  precedents  the  Justices  have 
always  great  regard  and  therefore  in  the  11  E:  32  it  is  holden 
that  antient  forms  and  manner  of  Precedents  are  to  be  main- 
tained and  kept  and  34.  A.  T.  7,  that  which  hath  been  according 
to  usage  shall  be  admitted.  And  likewise  in  39  H.  6.30  Rev- 
erend Judge  Priscott  and  the  rest  of  the  Judges  resolved,  that 
they  would  not  change  the  usages  notwithstanding  their  opinion 
was  to  the  contrary,  but  gave  Judgment  according  to  the  Prece- 
dents and  usage  and  4  Ed.  4.44  it  was  adjudged  that  common 
course  maketh  Law,  though  perhaps  Reason  willeth  the  certainty, 
and  further  said  they  cannot  change  the  usage  now  for  that  shall 
be  inconvenient,  and  thereunto  agreeth  the  5th  Ed :  41  where  it 
is  said  that  the  course  of  a  court  maketh  a  Law,  so  also  2,  3d 
P  and  M.  120  Stat  W.  2.  Cap:  12  Quod  Justiciarius  coramqui- 
bus  formatum  est.  Appellum  et  terminatum,  shall  enquire  of 
Damages  when  the  Defendant  is  acquitted.  Yet  Precedents 
expounds  the  Law  against  the  Express  letter  that  Justices  of 
Nisi  prius,  before  whom  the  Appeal  was  not  begun,  shall  do  it. 
Eighthly  and  lastly  Ab  Inconvenienti.  How  inconvenient  would 
it  be  if  the  Laws  and  Statutes  of  England  were  not  binding  here, 
may  be  seen  by  these  Rules.  First  Every  Subject  that  is  born 
out  of  this  extent  and  reach  of  the  Laws  of  England  cannot  by 
Judgment  of  those  Laws  be  a  natural  subject  to  the  King :  The 
consequence  will  be  this.  All  that  are  born  in  Virginia  &c.  will 
be  out  of  the  reach  and  extent  of  the  Laws  of  England  and  there- 
fore cannot  by  Judgment  of  the  Laws  of  England  be  natural  Sub- 
jects to  the  King.  2ndly  That  Subject  that  is  not  at  the  time,  and  in 
the  place  of  his  birth  inheritable  to  the  Laws  of  England,  cannot  be 
inheritable  or  partaker  of  the  benefit  and  privileges  given  by  the 
Laws  of  England.  The  consequence  will  be  that  all  Virginians 
&c  in  the  place  of  their  birth,  were  not  inheritable  to  the  Laws 
of  England,  and  therefore  not  inheritable  or  to  be  partakers  the 
benefits  and  priviliges  of  those  Laws,  and  then  were  no  longer 
freemen  but  slaves  &c.     3rdly  Whatsoever  appeareth  to  be  out 


264  VIRGINIA  HISTORICAL  MAGAZINE. 

of  the  Jurisdiction  of  the  Laws  of  England  cannot  be  tryed  by 
the  same  Laws,  the  consequence  will  be  all  that  are  born  in  Vir- 
ginia and  are  out  of  the  Jurisdiction  of  the  Laws  of  England, 
therefore  cannot  be  tryed  by  the  Laws  of  England.    But  admitt- 
ing those  Rules  were  not  so  consequential  against  us  as  they 
appear  to  be,  yet  upon  consideration  had  of  all  in  Judicial  pro- 
ceedings in  all  causes  civil  and  Criminal,  what  sad  consequences 
would  follow  upon  the  denyal  of  the  Laws  and  Statutes  of  Eng- 
land to  be  of  force  and  binding  here  may  appear  when  we  con- 
sider what  malefactors  have  here  suffered  and  in  civil  causes  how 
many  hundred  judgments  and  executions  upon  the  same,  to  the 
death  and  destruction  of  their  familys  and  to  the  ruin  and  over- 
throw of  others  which  if  not  warranted  and  allowed  by  the  Laws 
of  England  (for  we  have  no  law  amongst  us  that  directs  therein) 
must  be  esteemed  in  the  one  Murther  and  in   the   other  the 
highest  oppression,  heightened  and  aggravated  to  its  supremist 
extent,  under  the  colour  of  the  Sword  of  Justice.     Now  consid- 
ering the  constant  usage,  continual  practice  and   multitude  of 
Precedents  for  allowance  of  the  Laws  of  England  and  withal 
considering  the  many  and  great  inconveniency  and  mischiefs  that 
would  follow  if  it  should  be  denyed.     That  all  the  Courts  and 
more  especially  the  General  Assembly,  have  submitted  to  and 
approved  of,  and  as  much  as  in  them  lay  authenticated  the  same, 
that  our  Pattents  make  us  a  part  and  branch  of  Engl"^  that  his 
Majestic  by  his  several  .commissions  and  Instructions  from  time 
to  time  sent  us,  Commands  and  enjoins  the  Ruling  by,  and  gov- 
erning according  to  the  Laws  of  England  that  the  Subordinate 
Courts  viz:  the  County  Courts  deriving  their  power  from,  and 
under  the  Governor  by  vertue  of  his  commission  from  his  Ma- 
jestic are  strictly  charged  and  enjoined  to  proceed  in  their  Judi- 
cature in  some,  according  to  the  Laws  and  customs  of  England, 
it  must  seem  a  great  innovation  in  any  one,  that  should  deny  to 
be  governed  by  and  subject  to  the  Laws  of  Engl*.     Admitting 
the  Laws  and  Statute  of  England  are  not  binding  here  by  what 
pretence  can  they  lay  claim  to  this  Land,  we  have  no  Acts  of 
Assembly  that  appoints  the  demising  land  by  Will,  and  if  they 
admit  of  the  common  Law  of  England  to  be  of  force,  here,  then 
they  have  no  title  themselves  by  the  Will  for  before  32  and  34, 
H.  8.  the  General  custom  of  the  Realm  did  restrain  men  to 


LETTERS   OF   WILLIAM   FITZHUGH.  266 

Demise  their  Lands  to  any  if  not  that  it  were  by  some  special 
custom,  in  some  particular  place  and  that  appears  by  these 
words  in  the  Act  of  32  H.  8  Cap  i.  or  otherwise,  at  his  Will  and 
pleasure  &c.  for  if  they  will  admit  some  of  those  Statutes  also  to 
be  of  force  here  (for  without  that  they  cannot  take  p.  the  will) 
then  I  demand  why  they  admit  some  and  not  the  Remainder, 
perhaps  they  may  object  that  this  Statute  of  29  King,  to  that  I 
answer  that  the  promulgation  of  a  Law,  is  not  of  the  essence 
thereof  as  may  be  seen  in  the  4th  Institutes  fo:  26  for  Cavendish 
in  the  29th  Ed.  3  being  of  Council  for  the  Bishop  of  Chichester, 
who  was  sued  upon  the  Statute  of  27  Ed :  3  objected  two 
things  first  That  the  Act  whereupon  the  Writ  was  grounded 
was  no  Statute.  Secondly  That  it  it  were  a  Statute  it  was  never 
published  in  the  County.  To  whom  S'  Robert  Thorpe  chief 
Justice  answered.  Although  Proclamation  be  not  made  in  the 
County  every  one  is  bound  to  take  notice  of  that  which  is  done 
in  Parliment  for  as  soon  the  Parlim'  has  concluded  anything  the 
Law  intends  that  every  person  hath  notice  thereof  and  this  Will 
was  made  some  years  after  the  finishing  the  S*  Law  of  29  Car-2. 
Now  as  to  the  comparing  us  to  Ireland  and  therefore  concluding 
because  Ireland  is  not  bound  by  any  act  of  Parliament  in  Engl* 
unless  particularly  named  or  generally  included,  we  are  not 
neither.  There  is  great  difference  between  Ireland  and  us,  they 
having  the  kingdom  of  conquered  Christians,  we  of  conquered 
infidels.  They  were  to  be  governed  by  their  antient  municipial 
laws,  till  an  alteration  made  amongst  them,  ours  if  we  had  any 
were  ipse  facto  abrogated,  because  not  only  against  Christi- 
anity, but  against  the  Law  of  God  and  nature,  contained  in 
Decalogue,  For  Infidels  sent  Christi  et  Christianorum  Iminici 
this  Rule  makes  the  Diversity  betwixt  the  conquest  of  them  and 
us.  First  our  Establishment  must  be  by  the  King  himself  and 
such  Judges  as  he  shall  appoint,  who  ought  to  judge  us  and  our 
causes  according  to  the  Kings  direction  and  how  that  has  been 
the  Comissions,  Instructions  Pattents  &c  foregoing  fully  Demon- 
strated. Ireland  after  their  conquest  (which  was  first  begun  by 
King  Edgar  as  appears  by  a  charter  of  his  Ego  Edgarius  &c. 
but  the  conquest  was  fully  finished  by  H :  2  &  therefore  the 
honour  thereof  is  attributed  to  him  co:  hb:  7:  fo  23)  had  muni- 
cipial laws  of  their  own  by  which  they  were  governed  till  King 


266  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

John  Introduced  the  English  Laws  and  afterwards  H:  3  by 
Acts  of  Parliament  in  England  confirmed  the  same  as  appears 
by  this  Pattent  Roll  Qiria  pro  communi  utilitate  terrae  Hiberniae 
et  unitate  terrarum  Regis,  Rex  vult  etde  communi  consilio  Regis 
promisum  est,  quod  omnes  legis  et  consuetudines  quae  in  Rego 
Angliae  tenentur  in  Hibernia  teneantur  &c.  so  that  they  had 
municipial  Laws  originally,  we  had  none.  Secondly  they  are  a 
distinct  Kingdom  from  England,  but  we  are  a  part  or  branch 
thereof  as  appears  by  our  Patten ts  before  mentioned.  For  a 
voyage  Royal  may  be  made  into  Ireld  co:  Inst:  i  pt.  fo:  69: 
Co :  Lib:  7  :  fo  23.  And  in  the  33*  Eliza  It  was  resolved  by  all 
the  Judges  of  England  in  the  case  of  Omack  an  Irishman  who 
had  committed  high  treason  in  Ireland  that  by  the  Statute  of  33 
H.  8.  23.  he  might  be  Indicted  arraigned  &  tryed  for  the  same 
in  England  according  to  the  Purview  of  that  Statute  the  words 
whereof  be  that  all  treasons  &c.  committed  by  any  person  out 
of  the  Realm  of  England.  And  there  it  was  resolved  that  Ire- 
land was  out  of  the  Realm  of  England.  By  a  Record  in  52  H.  3: 
26.  wherein  the  Lordship  of  Ireland  is  granted  to  his  eldest  son 
Prince  Edw**  Aurum  Reginae  is  granted  to  the  Prince's  wife  not- 
withstanding she  was  but  Lady  of  Ireland  for  untill  the  33.  H :  8  C.  i 
they  were  never  styled  Kings  of  Ireland,  yet  by  that  Act  it  appear- 
eth  that  the  King  and  his  progenitors  had  Kingly  Jurisdiction  and 
Royal  Authority.  Albeit  Ihis  Royal  Dominion  and  land  of 
Ireland,  was  permitted  of  antient  time  to  be  granted  de  facto  to 
the  Kings  son  yet  by  the  Law  the  King  by  his  letters  Patterns 
cannot  grant  so  royal  a  member,  from  his  Imperial  Stile  to  any 
one,  no  more  than  he  could  do  pf  his  Kingdom  of  England  (See 
an  excellent  Record  in  R.  2  tune  well  noted  in  Co:  4  Inst:  fo: 
357  Cap:  Ireland)  nor  if  those  Letters  Pattents  were  authorized 
by  Parlim'  because  it  is  against  the  Law  and  custom  of  Parli- 
ment  to  assent  to  anything  to  the  Disherison  of  the  King  Co: 
4  Inst:  fo:  13  and  14  also  because  it  is  one  of  the  titles  and 
Stiles  of  his  Royal  crown.  Now  by  this  plainly  appears  the 
great  difference  betwixt  us  and  Ireland,  for  they  are  a  distinct 
Kingdom  we  a  part  of  the  Realm  of  England,  their  Kingdom 
cannot  by  laws  be  alienated  or  disposed,  ours  may  as  appears  by 
the  several  Pattents  and  Grants  of  part  of  America  as  Maryland, 
New  York,  Carolina,  &c  and  part  of  Virginia  itself  to  the  Lords 


/ 


LETTERS   OF  WILLIAM    FITZHUGH.  267 

Pattentees.  Thus  S'  by  myself  I  have  run  over  the  chief  argu- 
ments of  your  cause,  what  I  have  further  to  add  is  only  to  advise 
you,  to  get  a  copy  of  those  Acts  of  Assembly  mentioned,  copys 
of  comissions  to  the  Governors,  to  Governor  and  Council  and 
Commission  of  oyer  and  Terminer.  Copy  of  his  Majesties  In- 
structions of  comissions  to  county  courts,  especially  those  granted 
by  my  Lord  Culpepper,  Copys  of  Pattents,  and  if  you  could 
some  few  precedents  of  Judgments,  if  you  can  get  any 
entered  with  their  reasons,  as  I  believe  you  may  and  by  them, 
those  that  you  send  them  to,  will  understand  more  than  my  poor 
capacity  is  able  to  inform  them. 

S'  >  our  Wff. 
To' Ralph  Wormley  Esq' 

p  Coll*  Jones,  June  9th,  1683. 


Febry  18,  1684-5. 
Mr.  Sam*  Jefferson 

•  I  have  sent  my  boy  purposely  to  you  that  you  may  re- 
concile the  breach,  which  I  suppose  and  do  believe,  yourself 
may  be  throughly  sencible  of,  by  this  time,  you  inconsiderately 
made  in  our  bargain,  so  long  in  bringing  to  perfection,  for  the 
things  spent  were  only  your  beer  sugar  and  brandy,  which  does 
not  amount  in  the  whole  to  above  ;^io:  or  £"12,  five  or  six  days 
bying  runs  out,  that  is  the  vessels  hire  and  to  assure  you  that  I 
neither  desire  you  nor  design  to  have  so  much  Tob°  abated,  I 
shall  very  readily  accept  the  same  either  in  money  or  bills,  as 
also  what  small  parcell  of  the  goods  may  be  wanting  to  compleat 
the  sum,  may  be  so  paid.  I  will  not  repeat  our  bargain,  its  very 
plain  and  easie,  my  part  is  to  pay  5000*"  Tob*"  and  800  or  4000. 
Your  part  is  to  deliver  ;^358  sterling  worth  of  goods,  or  what 
thereof  is  wanting  to  pay  me  in  money,  or  otherwise  to  suit  your 
own  conveniency  and  to  deliver  me  either  your  two  servants  or 
too  negroes,  that's  the  substance  and  whole  of  our  contract.  I 
have  been  considering  your  well  laid  Design  of  future  years 
trade,  and  do  so  well  approve  thereof,  that  gives  the  occasion  to 
this  sudden  Message,  considering  that  if  this  Voyage  miscarry, 
it  may  be  a  stop,  if  not  an  overthrow  to  that  Design  which  I 
earnestly  design  and  singularly  approve  of.     My  advice  to  you 


268  ,     VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL    MAGAZINE. 

is  seriously  and  considerately  to  weigh  and  debate  the  matter, 
and  thoroughly  look  into  all  your  circumstances,  and  if  upon 
the  whole  you  think  it  convenient  to  close,  then  your  best  course 
in  my  opinion  is,  to  come  directly  away  with  your  long  boat  and 
bring  what  of  the  goods  she  can  conveniently  carry,  and  you 
may  return  with  her  Loading  of  Tob",  and  yourself  staying,  in 
two  days  time,  may  receive  enough  to  keep  your  Ship  in  employ- 
ment this  fortnight  or  three  weeks,  and  then  may  take  a  horse, 
go  up  to  the  collector,  enter  your  boat  and  so  proceed  in  your 
business,  and  till  you  can  have  that  conveniency,  I  will  take  care 
to  expedite  your  business,  and  clear  you  of  all  trouble  and 
Damage.  If  whats  offered  be  aqceptable,  then  I  know  my  boy 
will  have  a  quiet  and  convenient  passage  to  me,  but  if  it  should 
not  I  beg  the  favour  of  you  to  give  him  a  passage  to  the  nearest 
Landing  in  the  Virginia  Side.  My  humble  and  hearty  thanks 
for  you  and  your  masters  kindness  when  on  Board,  is  justly  ren- 
dered by  S'  Your  Wff. 

To  Mr.  Samuel  Jefferson  on  board  his  Ship 

in  Mangemoy  Maryland. 


March  30th.  1684. 
Mr.  Jno  Cooper, 

S*"  yours  p  Capt.  Norrington  I  received  together  with  all  the 
things  mentioned,  except  the  Dutch  nails  and  tacks,  which  I  pre- 
sume were  omitted  in  packing  up  the  goods,  also  two  of  the 
citys  to  wit  London  and  Amsterdam  were  utterly  spoiled  with 
the  wet  and  all  the  Rabbits  dead  before  they  arrived,  except  the 
Buck  Rabbit.  I  have  p  Capt.  Norrington  shipped  six  hh**  Tob* 
3  No  I,  2,  3,  are  Oronoks  of  my  own  crop,  3  more  No  4.  5,  6, 
are  sweet  scented,  and  of  Coll*  Jones  his  crop,  I  hope  they  will 
yield  a  good  price,  their  freight  being  very  low,  the  heighth  is 
not  to  exceed  ;^5,  5,  p  Tunnal  charges  clear,  perhaps  lower,  if 
any  freighter  on  board  has  lower,  then  I  am  to  have  at  that  rate. 
By  Capt.  Norrington  I  shall  be  more  large  and  perhaps  I  shall 
send  you  bills  Loading,  but  to  be  sure,  the  copy  of  the  Receipt 
for  the  Tob*.     S*"  my  very  good  friend  Mr.  Newton  *  has  sent 


*  William  Fitzhugh,  married,  May  ist,  1674,  Sarah  (born  in  West- 
moreland, August  2d,  1663),  daughter  of  John  Tucker. 


LETTERS   OF   WILLIAM    FITZHUGH.  269 

to  you  about  dispatching  some  business  for  him  there  and  had 
this  year  consigned  some  Tob"",  but  this  business  happened  after 

The  will  of  John  Tucker  was  proved  in  Westmoreland  May  31st, 
167 1.  His  legatees  were  his  daughters  Sarah  and  Rose  Tucker  [who 
married,  subsequently.  Mr.  Blackistone,  of  Maryland],  5,000  pounds 
tobacco  each ;  an  unborn  child,  5,000  pounds  tobacco ;  eldest  son 
(whom  he  does  not  name)  and  wife  Rose.  Appoints  Captain  [Thomas] 
Phillpot  and  Mr.  Richard  Kenner,  of  Westmoreland,  overseers.  Mrs. 
Rose  Tucker  married  (II)  Thomas  Gerrard,  of  Westmoreland  (formerly 
of  Maryland,  she  was  his  second  wife) ;  and  he,  on  January  28th,  1672, 
made  a  deed  of  gift  to  the  children  of  Mr.  John  Tucker,  deceased,  and 
of  "my  now  wife,  Mrs.  Rose  Gerrard,"  vizt :  John,  Gerrard,  Sarah  and 
Rose  Tucker.  On  April  24th,  1674.  Mrs.  Rose  Gerrard,  widow,  made 
a  deed  in  consideration  of  a  marriage  contracted  between  her  eldest 
daughter,  Rose,  and  William  Fitzhugh.  Mrs.  Gerrard  married  (III) 
John  Newton,  of  Westmoreland,  prior  to  May  i6th,  1677. 

John  Newton  was  living  in  Westmoreland  as  early  as  1672.  In  his 
will,  dated  August  19th,  1695,  and  pro.  Westmoreland,  July  28th,  1697 ; 
he  is  described  as  of  *'  Lower  Morodock,  Westmoreland  county."  He 
gives  his  eldest  son.  John,  his  lands  at  Carlton  and  Camelsforth,  York- 
shire, England ;  and  the  house  in  Hull,  "  which  was  my  father's  " ;  also 
gives  him  land  bought  of  Joseph  Laycock;  to  said  son  and  his  four 
children  1,000  pounds  of  tobacco  each;  to  son  Joseph  and  his  three 
sons,  1,000  pounds  of  tobacco  each  ;  to  son  Benjamin  and  his  daughter 
1,000  pounds  tobacco  each;  to  son  Gerrat  [Gerrard]  Newton  1,000 
acres  in  the  freshes  of  Rappahannock,  with  a  mill  and  four  negroes ; 
to  daughter  Elizabeth  Newton,  one  half  of  a  tract  of  2,150  acres  and 
one  negro;  to  his  wife  all  of  his  plate  for  life  and  then  to  his  daughter; 
to  son  Thomas  350  acres  and  a  mill  at  Totoskey;  to  wife,  5,000  pounds 
tobacco ;  lo  son  Thomas,  four  negroes  ;  to  wife  Rose,  various  bequests 
of  stocks  and  negroes,  with  reversion  to  children;  to  grandson  John, 
son  of  Joseph  Newton,  200  acres. 

There  are  recorded  in  Westmoreland,  1709,  depositions  of  Thomas 
Newton,  aged  31  or  thereabouts,  "  one  of  the  sons  of  John  Newton,  the 
elder,  late  of  Kingston-upon-HulI,  master  and  mariner,  and  later  of 
Westmoreland  county,  Virginia,"  and  of  "  Madam  Rose  Newton,"  aged 
about  80  years,  widow  of  John  Newton,  Sr.,  of  Kingston,  &c. 

The  will  of  Rose  Newton,  widow,  was  proved  in  Westmoreland, 
January  28th,  17 12.  She  gave  her  son  Thomas  Newton  her  lands  in 
Virginia  and  Maryland  and  all  rents  and  arrearages  for  lands  left  her 
by  her  former  husband  Thomas  Gerrard,  &c.,  &c. 

Thus  it  appears  that  Thomas  was  omitted  in  his  father's  will,  and 
the  only  child  named  in  his  mother's. 

This  first  John  Newton,  of  Westmoreland,  was  the  ancestor  (proba- 


270  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

the  disposal  of  his  Tob**,  next  year  I  am  confident  if  his  busi- 
ness hits,  he  will  send  you  considerable  consignments,  towards 
the  raising  of  the  s*  and  if  not,  yet  will  consign  you  some  to 
pay  you  reasonable  consideration,  together  with  all  charges 
and  Disbursements,  which  if  you  doubt  I  will  see  you  satisfied. 
Mr.  George  Brent  I  suppose  this  year  will  consign  you  some 
Tob**,  and  another  in  our  parts  did  assure  me  he  would  send  and 
consign  to  you  ten  hh**  his  name  Mr.  Richard  Gibson.  What 
service  I  can  do  you  therein  shall  not  be  wanting.  In  my 
next  which  I  believe  will  be  by  Capt.  Norrington,  shall  be  more 

large,  to  which  I  refer  you. 

Your  WfT. 


June  3d,  1684. 
Mr.  Samuel  Hayward, 

I  hppe  this  will  find  you  in  good  health,  and  the  pleasant 
enjoyment  of  your  most  dear  Brother  and  very  good  friend.  I 
suppose  ere  this  you  have  presented,  and  I  hope  receiv'd  that 
small  note  of  mine  upon  Mr.  Cooper.  The  Country  at  present 
affords  little  news,  this  Assembly  has  done  so  little  that  I  know 
nothing  Wbrth  while  to  write  to  you  about.  Your  own  particular 
business,  I  am  informed  by  Robin  is  a  little  incumbered  with  your 
brother  Lewis,  but  the  particulars  I  cannot  acquaint  you  with. 
Robin  intends  to  take  a  speedy  and  secure  course  with  him  as  he 
tells  me,  what  fair  and  just  service  I  could  do  you  therein  or  in 


bly  grandfather)  of  Willoughby  Newton  of  that  county,  who  was  ap- 
pointed a  justice  in  1732,  and  who  married  Sarah  (died  1753),  daughter 
of  George  Eskridge,  and  was  father  of  John  Newton  (vestryman  of 
Cople  parish  1755),  father  of  Willoughby  Newton,  member  of  the 
House  of  Delegates  1793,  &c.;  who  married  Sally,  widow  of  Richard 
Lee,  of  *'  Lee  Hall,"  Westmoreland,  and  daughter  of  Peter  Poythress, 
of  "  Branchester,"  Prince  George  county.  They  were  the  parents  of 
Willoughby  Newton,  of  "Linden,"  Westmoreland,  member  of  Con- 
gress i843-'5,  and  grandparents  of  the  gallant  Capt.  Wm.  B.  Newton, 
Fourth  Virginia  Cavalry,  C.  S.  A.,  who  was  killed  in  a  charge  at  Rac- 
coon Ford,  Culpeper  county,  in  1863. 

Wm.  Tucker,  of  London,  in  a  letter  dated  ,  to  Jno.  Edwards 

(recorded  in  Westmoreland),  speaks  of  '*my  brother  John  "  and  "my 
daughter.'*  The  letter  is  too  much  mutilated  to  ascertain  positively 
who  is  meant;  but  probably  it. refers  to  Jno.  Tucker  named  above. 


LETTERS   OF   WILLIAM   FITZHUGH.  271 

anything  else  shall  not  be  wanting.  Robin  has  hitherto,  and  I 
believe  will  prove  faithful  and  diligent  in  all  your  concerns  and  I 
am  assured  will  approve  himself  a  good  servant  to  so  good  a 
master.  S*"  I  have  a  great  mind  to  try  if  Olives  would  not 
thrive  well  in  the  Streights,  as  far  in  the  Northern  Latitude  as 
we  are  here,  some  of  which  sort  you  might  procure  in  London : 
Therefore  I  will  desire  you  to  procure  for  me  some  of  them,  with 
directions  how  to  manage  them.  And  I  hope  you  will  furnish 
yourself  with  other  rareties  both  for  your  own  and  your  friends 
use,  having  now  so  pregnant  an  opportunity. 

S'  Yours  &c  Wff. 
To  Mr.  Samuel  Hayward. 


June  28th,  1684. 
Mr.  John  Cooper, 

I  have  occasion  for  two  pair  of  small  Andirons  for  Cham- 
ber Chimneys,  one  pair  of  brass  ones,  with  fire  shovel  and  tongs, 
and  one  pair  of  iron  ones  well  glazed;  with  fire  shovel,  and 
tongs,  also  two  indifferent  large  Iron  backs  for  Chimneys  w°^  I 
would  have  you  send  me  by  the  first  ships. 

Yo'r  Wfr. 


May  loth,  1684. 
Mr.  William  Sherwood, 

Sr,  In  Coll*  Jones  his  business,  pleas  to  follow  the  order 
he  has  given  me  p  his  letter  and  secure  his  Tob"  as  near  as  may 
be  according  to  his  direction,  first  taking  out  what's  your  own 
due  in  my  name  p  order  of  Coll**  Jones  in  what  county  you 
please,  after  that  pay  Mr.  Secretary  upon  my  account  of  the  said 
Tob*  2000  lb  in  Westmoreland  county,  or  where  else  he  shall 
direct,  or  you  can  procure  it,  and  get  the  remainder  to  make  up 
8000  lb  Tob"  to  be  paid  to  me  in  Stafford  county  if  possible,  or  at 
least  in  Westmoreland  county  and  contrive  to  get  the  Remainder 
to  Coll*  Jones  his  best  advantage,  according  to  direction  of  his 
letter.  Please  also  to  use  your  endeavours  to  procure  his  claims, 
expressed  in  his  letter  and  I  dare  say  he  will  not  be  ungrateful, 
but  gentilely  satisfie  you. 

Sr.  Your  WfT. 
To  Mr.  William  Sherwood  at  James  Town. 


272  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Oct'  2nd,  1684. 
Dear  Brother, 

I  Just  now  received  your  kind  letter  by  Mr.  Bonam,  &  take 
this  opportunity  by  Mr.  Minor*  to  return  you  thanks,  he  is  now 
coming  up  to  Reckon  with  some  amendments  in  his  accot  as  I 
have  cursorily  run  it  over,  and  finds  himself  D'  to  us  13  or  1400^'* 
Tob"*  after  all  charges  put  in,  to  say,  all  notes  allowed,  the  full 
deduction  of  cash  and  the  payment  of  clarks  and  sheriffs  fees, 
for  us  both,  as  he  charged  it  in  the  general  (the  Particulars  I  did 
not  enquire  into)  together  with  ray  note  to  Mr.  Newton  for  225 
Tob**.  I  refer  him  to  you  for  a  full  settlement,  and  therefore  did 
not  curiously  enquire  into  the  returns  of  each,  nor  account  of 
fees,  how  much  to  yourself,  how  much  to  me,  assuring  myself  it 
would  be  done  by  a  more  capable  and  dextrous  Accomptant  and 
therefore  refer  my  satisfaction  to  your  particular  Station.  What 
news  I  know  is  your  Writ  summoned  him  immediately  up,  who 
else  would  have  been  contented  to  have  staid  for  his  Tob*  (as  he 
thought  due)  rather  than  be  at  the  trouble  of  reckoning  &c. 
Mr.  Secretary  who  I  saw  and  can  assure  you  is  well  and  gives 
his  service  to  you,  acquaints  me  there's  a  ship  arrived  in  James 
River,  with  thirty  Servants  and  good  store  of  goods,  but  neither 
news  nor  letter  for  any  body,  but  that  Tob°  is  good  for  nothing, 
if  any  one  will  believe  them.  Tom  Clayton  is  very  sick  at  Mr. 
Secretary's  and  so  disabled  that  he  will  not  have  the  advantage 


*The  will  of  John  Minor,  of  Westmoreland,  was  dated  March  30th, 
1698,  and  proved  in  that  county  February  22d,  1698.  His  legatees  were 
his  eldest  son  Nicholas,  sons  William  and  John;  eldest  daughter 
'  Frances,  youngest  daughter  Elizabeth  and  wife  Eleanor.  A  Nicholas 
Minor  was  appointed  a  justice  of  Westmoreland  1680- '95;  another  in 
1745,  and  still  another  of  the  same  name,  together  with  John  Minor, 
was  a  justice  of  Loudoun  in  1770.  Of  this  family  was  probably  Col. 
John  West  Minor,  member  of  the  House  of  Delegates  from  Loudoun, 
who  died  about  1879,  ^"d  Col.  George  Minor,  of  Fairfax,  who  com- 
manded a  regiment  of  militia  in  War  of  18 12  in  defence  of  Washington 
and  Baltimore,  and  who,  in  i86r,  when  84  years  old,  was  imprisoned  by 
the  Federal  authorities  on  a  charge  of  disloyalty.  Another  Nicholas 
Minor,  of  Fairfax,  was  Captain  of  Virginia  Militia  in  service  in  1758, 
and  George  Minor  was  justice  of  the  same  county  in  1784,  &c. 


LETTERS   OF   WILLIAM    FITZHUGH.  278 

of  writing  a  Chamber  Council  this  Court,  Which  I  believe  will 
prove  to  be  his  own  greatest  loss.  Mine  and  wives  humble  ser- 
vices salute  your  self  &  good  Lady. 


To  Capt.  George  Brent  at  Woodstock. 


Sr.  Your  Wff. 


May  1 8th,  1685. 
Mr.  John  Cooper, 

Sr,  Your  two  letters  by  Capt.  Smith  and  Capt.  Partis  I 
have  received,  in  your  first  you  gave  an  account  of  Mr.  Newton's 
business,  in  your  last  of  the  acceptance  of  Mr.  Bland's  bills  and 
the  receipt  of  the  six  hh**  consigned  you  last  year,  but  no  account 
of  some  odd  things  I  sent  for,  or  of  the  receipt  of  any  letter  from 
me  which  I  admire  at.  I  have  shipped  no  Tob*  this  year,  it  gave 
too  good  a  market  here  to  admit  thereof,  for  I  had  this  year  near 
;^5  a  hh*"  for  150  hh^  bought  with  ready  money,  and  clear  of 
charge,  as  custom,  freight,  package  &c.  Our  River  this  year 
produces  little  consignments  of  Tob"*  and  I  suppose  no  great 
quantity  will  be  carry' d  from  us  to  you  thither,  for  other  parts 
have  found  an  advantageous  trade  to  themselves  here  and  pro- 
fitable to  us  p  the  good  prices  they  give  for  our  Tob*  in  which 
you  might  have  been  a  considerable  sharer,  if  you  had  thought 
convenient  to  have  accepted  my  Offers  I  made  you  about  three 
years  since.  I  suppose  this  crop,  if  crops  proves  any  thing  like, 
I  shall  be  Mater  of  betwixt  5  or  600  hh^,  what  method  I  take 
for  disposing  part  thereof  Capt.  Smith  and  his  mate  Burnham 
can  fully  inform  if  you  are  willing  to  put  in,  might  be  readily 
received  and  accepted. 

S'  Your  Wff. 
To  Mr.  Jno.  Cooper  Merch*  in  London. 


May  i8th,  1685. 
Sir :  The  welcome  return  of  your  Brother,  ushered  in  your 
generous  gift  to  our  Parish,  and  highly  obliging  letter  and  favour 
to  myself.  S'  The  Parish  by  me  return  you  their  hearty  thanks 
and  wish  their  capacity  were  as  able  as  their  inclinations  and 
desires  are  willing  to  gratifie  so  signal  a  favour,  by  a  more  last- 
ing continuance  then  at  present  our  paper  built  Temples  will 


274  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL  MAGAZINE. 

admit  of,  but  do  assure  you  what  the  Register  and  a  gratefull 
remembrance  and  communication  will  contribute  to  the  com- 
memoration thereof,  shall  not  be  wanting.  Sir  To  myself  your 
obligations  are  so  great  and  binding,  that  I  am  in  despair  either 
to  render  due  acknowledgements  to  the  one,  or  retribution  to  the 
other,  yet  what  my  poor  power,  and  hearty  abilitys  are  capable 
of,  shall  upon  the  least  intimation,  be  gratefully  contributed,  to 

the  service  of  yourself  or  anv  of  your  friends,  by 

S'  Your  Wff. 
To  Mr.  Nich'  Hayward  *  &c. 


May  i8th,  1685. 
Dear  Friend, 

Our  good  friend  George  Brent  with  his  most  acceptable  self 
brings  up  your  welcome  letter  wherein  you  advise  of  your  imme- 


*  Nicholas  Hayward,  of  London,  notary  public,  and  also  a  merchant, 
purchased  several  estates  in  what  is  now  King  George  county.  Two 
of  his  brothers  settled  in  Stafford  county,  where  one  soon  died  ;  but 
the  other,  Samuel,  became  justice,  clerk  of  the  county,  and  member  of 
the  House  of  Burgesses.  In  1689  Nicholas  Hayward.  with  Captain 
George  Brent,  of  Woodstock,  and  Richard  Foote,  and  Robert  Bristow, 
the  two  latter  London  merchants,  and  the  last  for  a  number  of  years  a 
resident  in  Virginia,  purchased,  about  1689,  30,000  acres  of  land  called 
the  Brenton  tract,  lying  about  the  present  village  of  Brentsville,  in 
Prince  William  county. 

There  is  recorded  in  Northumberland  county  a  power  of  attorney, 
dated  July  25th,  1652,  from  Nicholas  Hayward,  of  London,  merchant; 
and  another  recorded  in  Northumberland  and  dated  October  18,  1655, 
from  the  same  to  his  "  servant,"  Richard  Foote,  authorizing  the  latter 
to  manage  his  affairs  in  Virginia,  and  in  case  of  Foote's  death,  to 
Gifford  Longe,  and  of  his  to  Ferdinando  Fairfax.  George  Fitzhugh, 
in  De  Bois  Review^  xxvii.,  290,  states  that  Richard  Foote  was  Hay- 
ward's  nephew.  Another  power  of  attorney  recorded  in  Northumber- 
land and  dated  September,  1659,  is  from  Nicholas  Hayward,  of  London, 
merchant,  to  Nicholas  Spencer,  of  London,  merchant,  and  Capt.  Samuel 
Tilghman,  commander  of  the  ship  ''  called  the  Golden  Fortune."  In 
February,  1659,  Ferdinando  Fairfax  (named  above),  in  a  deposition, 
recorded  in  Northumberland,  gives  his  age  at  19  years.    Who  was  he  ? 

In  the  Nation^  November  21st,  1892,  (which  is  not  accessible  while 
writing)  was  printed  the  will  of  Mrs.  Martha  Hayward,  who  was  sister 
of  John,  and  Lawrence  Washington,  the  immigrants,  and  was  probably 
widow  of  Samuel  Hayward. 


LETTERS  OF  WILLIAM   FITZHUGH.  375 

diate  voyage  for  England,  where  I  hope  this  will  find  you  safe 
arrived  to  your  own  satisfaction  and  wishes  and  therein  desire  to 
hear  from  me  which  I  was  always  ready  to  perform  and  can  now 
more  readily  to  London  than  formerly  to  James  Town  and  where 
conveniency  admits  Til  be  sure  never  to  miss  the  congratulating 
so  good  a  friend.  S'  If  I  had  gone  for  England  this  year  as  I 
once  intended,  amongst  others  I  should  have  endeavoured  two 
things,  one  was  to  get  if  possibly  I  could,  Letters  Pattents  for 
the  high  Sheriff's  Place  of  our  county,  in  fee  or  at  least  for  life, 
the  other  to  have  aquainted  the  Bishop  of  London  the  advan- 
tages he  might  make  in  this  part  of  his  Diocess,  by  Probate  of 
Wills,  grant  of  Administrations  charitable  Dispositions  of  Intes- 
tates Estates  and  other  things  as  appertains  to  his  jurisdiction, 
which  at  present  I  suppose  might*  be  worth  5  or  6oO;^  sterling  p 
annum  and  in  this  growing  country  will  with  it  every  year 
increase.  Now  S'  for  the  Sheriffs  place  to  be  granted  in  fee,  has 
been  antiently  practiced  in  England,  and  in  one  county  is  still  re- 
tained to  the  family  of  the  Cliffords  and  to  this  day  is  continued  in 
the  Kingdom  of  Scotland,  therefore  the  proposal  is  not  illegal,  and 
I  suppose  might  neither  be  improbable  nor  impossible  to  effect 
if  it  be  not  too  much  trouble  to  you  and  you  see  any  likelyhood 
of  effecting  it.  I  desire  you  in  my  behalf  to  negotiate  therein, 
and  if  can  be  performed  though  it  be  at  the  charge  of  40-50  or 
60  guineas,  I  will  readily  and  thankfully  repay  them  again.  The 
other  of  the  Bishops,  can  be  no  unwelcome  news,  nor  make  you 
unacceptable  for  the  relation  of  it,  if  it  be  not  laid  hold  of,  but  I 
suppose  if  it  should,  you  cannot  miss  for  your  Intelligence  some 
mark  of  favour,  if  not  some  place  of  advantage  (a  great  many 
of  which  profitable  place  I  heartily  wish  you)  besides  the  obliga- 
tion it  will  be  to  the  country  in  General  if  this  should  give  occa- 
sion to  his  Lordship's  more  immediate  care  of  us,  if  this  should 
give  occasion  of  supplying  us  with  plenty  of  able,  and  painful 
and  sober  Pastors  which  at  present  now  greatly  wanting  yourself 
is  fully  able  to  inform.  S'  I  know  your  skill  and  activity  for 
business,  therefore  need  not  farther  advise  but  if  I  were  knowing 
your  interest,  and  acquaintance  with  my  Lord  Culpeper  I  should 
advise  to  consult  him  before  you  embark  therein,  whose  great 
judgment  and  strong  abilitys  together  with  his  great  Interest  is 
able  both  to  advise  and  direct  you  in  the  management  thereof 


27§  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

to  whom  if  I  be  not  wholly  forgotten,  please  to  present  my  hum- 
ble service  and  best  wishes. 

By  this  trouble  S'  you  see  I  do  not  take  your  friendly  letter 
merely  complimental  but  really  as  it  is  writ  and  I  am  confident 
as  you  intend  it  and  please  readily  to  command  anything  that 
lyes  in  my  power  to  serve  you  and  you  shall  find  it  as  readily 

obeyed  by 

S'  Your  WfF. 
To  Capt.  Roger  Jones  *  at  &c. 


May  1 8th,  1685. 
Dear  Cousin, 

By  a  Stranger  who  had  once  occasion  to  buy  some  books  of 
you,  I  had  a  relation  of  your  Irving  and  thriving;  therefore  take 
this  first  conveniency  of  congratulating  you  and  together  w^  you, 
of  a  respectfuU  obedient  and  loving  remembrance  of  all  friends 
and  relations  there  and  desire  not  only  by  you  to  hear  how  they 
all  do  but  intreat  you  to  desire  them  to  write  to  me  than  nothing 
would  be  more  welcome  or  acceptable  especially  from  my  mother, 
brothers  and  Sister,  Uncles  and  Cousins  and  as  many  of  them 
as  are  living  and  would  be  so  kind  to  write.     I  have  a  long  time 


*  Captain  Roger  Jones,  born  about  i625-'35  ;  came  to  Virginia  in  1680 
with  Lord  Culpeper,  and  returned  to  England  before  1692.  He  was  a 
merchant  in  London,  died  at  his  home  at  Stepney  in  1701,  and  was 
buried  at  Mansfield,  County  of  Nottingham,  January  6th  in  that  year. 
He  married  Dorothy,  daughter  of  John  Walker,  Esq.,  of  Mansfield, 
and  through  his  two  sons,  who  settled  in  Virginia  and  North  Carolina, 
he  has  had  many  descendants  of  prominence  in  America.  Among 
them  have  been  Generals  Roger  Jones,  Sr.  and  Jr.,  of  the  U.  S.  A.; 
Commodore  Thomas  ap.  C.  Jones  U-  S.  N.;  Captain  Catesby  ap.  R. 
Jones,  C.  S.  N. ;  and  Commander  Patterson  Jones,  U.  S.  N.;  Dr.  Walter 
Jones,  Member  of  Congress,  member  of  the  Virginia  Convention  of 
1788,  and  Physician  General  for  the  hospitals  of  the  "Middle  Depart- 
ment" in  the  Revolution;  General  Walter  Jones,  of  Washington,  emi- 
nent lawyer ;  Meriwether  and  Skelton  Jones,  editors  of  the  Richmond 
Enquirer f  and  the  latter  continuator  of  Burke's  History  of  Virginia ; 
Thomas  Jones,  member  of  the  Convention  of  March,  1775;  Bathurst 
Jones,  member  of  the  House  of  Delegates,  and  others  of  prominence. 
Judge  L.  H.  Jones,  of  Wii^chester,  Ky.,  has  published  an  account  of  the 
^'  Descendants  of  Captain  Roger  Jones,"  which  is  enriched  with  many 
interesting  letters  and  other  illustrative  documents. 


LETTERS  OF   WILLIAM   FITZHUGH.  277 

in  a  strange  land,  struggled  hard  with  fortune's  adverse  hand, 
but  thank  God  in  the  end  by  God  Almighty's  blessing  upon  my 
mean  endeavours  (having  no  friend  or  relative  to  lend  a  support- 
ing hand)  have  overcome,  and  I  praise  God  live  very  contentedly 
and  well  and  should  be  heartily  glad  of  that  communication, 
which  this  Distance  admits  of,  by  letters  to  hear  from  you  and 
all  friends  there.  Upon  the  Exchange  in  the  Virginia  Walk 
you'll  meet  Mr.  John  Cooper  a  Virginian  Merch*  who  will  take  care 
in  conveying  your  and  their  letters  to  me,  also  any  master  of  a 
ship  bound  to  Potomack  River  in  Virginia  will  do  the  like,  as 
Capt.  Smith,  Capt.  Norrington  and  others  also  you  may  have 
the  same  conveniency  by  Mr.  Nicholas  Hay  ward  Notary  pub- 
lick  near  the  Exchange  in  London,  your  direction  may  be  to  me 
in  Stafford  county  in  Potomack  River  in  Virginia.  Thus  Sir  I 
have  given  you  an  account  wher  I  live,  how  to  direct  and  enquire 
for  those  masters  of  Ships  who  very  well  know  me,  and  now 
once  again  I  desire  you  to  give  my  duty  respects  and  commends 
to  all  friends  and  relations  as  afose**  and  from  me  desire  them  to 
write,  I  am  confident  you  will  not  fail  me  your  self  and  assure 
them  as  I  now  assure  you  nothing  can  or  will  be  more  acceptable 

than  the  receiving  their  and  your  letters  to 

Your  Wff. 

Pray  be  very  full  and  particular  in  your  letters. 

To  Mr.  William  Fitzhugh  Stationer 

living  in  Newgate  Market 

over  against  St.  Martins  in  Londay. 


(to   be    CONTINUED  ) 


278  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL  MAGAZINE. 


Virginia  Troops  in  French  and  Indian  Wars. 

[We  begin  in  the  present  number  of  the  Vir^nia  Magazine  of  His- 
tory and  Biography  the  publication  in  instalments,  which  will  run 
through  the  present  year,  of  the  earliest  rolls  of  each  company  of 
Virginia  troops  engaged  in  the  French  and  Indian  Wars  during  the 
time  that  Washington  was  colonel  and  commander-in-chief  of  the 
Virginia  forces.  These  rolls,  as  now  printed,  are  copied  from  the 
Washington  papers  in  the  Department  of  State,  at  Washington.  There 
are  different  and  later  rolls  of  the  companies,  in  all  of  which  of  course 
there  are  some  changes  in  the  personel  of  the  companies.  Owing  to 
our  limited  space,  we  are  unable  to  give  room  to  more  than  one  roll  of 
any  one  company.  There  are  two  kinds  of  these  rolls,  the  size  roll 
and  the  necessary  rolls.  The  size  rolls  give  a  personal  del^cription  of 
the  men,  where  they  lived,  and  sometimes  other  information  concerning 
them.  The  necessary  rolls  name  the  men  and  also  name  what  arti- 
ticles  of  clothing  and  equipment  it  was  necessary  that  each  should 
have,  at  the  time  the  roll  was  taken.  We  present  the  earliest  size  roil 
of  each  company,  as  being  the  most  interesting  of  the  series.  As  a 
rule,  there  was  no  great  change  in  these  rolls  taken  at  intervals,  though 
of  course  some  names  disappeared  and  new  ones  appeared  on  them. 
All  the  peculiarities  of  spelling,  etc.,  have  been  closely  followed  by  us. 
A  great  many  names  have  been  mispelled,  but  in  most  instances  the 
proper  etymology  of  the  name  will  at  once  suggest  itself. 

We  are  indebted  for  our  copies  of  these  valuable  rolls  to  the  kind- 
ness of  Mr.  A.  C.  Quisenberry,  of  the  Inspector  General's  office  in  the 
War  Department.  Mr.  Quisenberry  is  a  native  of  Kentucky  but  of 
Virginia  descent,  which  has  led  him  to  take  an  active  interest  in  every- 
thing relating  to  the  histories  of  these  two  states.  He  is  a  distinguished 
contributor  to  the  leading  historical  magazines  of  this  country,  and  as 
a  member  of  the  Filson  Club,  of  Louisville,  contributed  a  biographical 
sketch  of  Humphrey  Marshall,  the  elder,  which  has  been  published  in 
book  form,  and  attracted  considerable  attention.  Mr.  Quisenberry  is 
also  a  member  of  the  Kentucky  Society  of  the  Sons  of  the  American 
Revolution.] 

A  Roll  of  the  Officers  and  Soldiers  who  engaged  in  the  ser- 
vice of  this  Colony  before  the  Battle  of  the  Meadows  in  1754, 
according  to  returns  made  at  Wills  Creek,  July  9,  1754. 

[Note. — The  capital  letters  H,  L,  M,  V,  after  each  man's  name 
indicate  which  company  he  belonged  to.  Hg.  indicates  Hogg's 
Company. 

This  return  is  recorded  in  Washington's  own  hand. — A.  C.  Q.] 


VIRGINIA   TROOPS  IN  FRENCH   AND   INDIAN  WARS.       279 


Geo.  Washington,  Col*. 
George  Muse,  Lt.  Co1°.  Adam  Stephen,  Major. 


Robert  Stobo,     Captain. 
Andrew  Lewis,        do 
George  Mercer,       do 
Peter  Hogg,  do 

Jacob  Vanbraam,     do 
Thomas  Wagener,  Lieut. 
William  Poison,  do 

John  West,  do 


John  Savage,  Lieut. 
James  Towers,   do 
Wm.  Bronaugh,  Ensign. 
John  Mercer,  do 

Wm.  Peyrounie,       do 
James  Craik,  do 

James  Craik,  Surgeon. 


John  Allan,  H 

Jacob  Arrans,  M 

John  Allan,  V 

Chas.  Allbury,  V 

Henry  Bay  ley,  E  H 

Henry  Bowman,  H 

John  Bryan,  H 

John  Brown,  H 

Solon  Batson,  Hwd 

James  Batty,  H 

John  Biddlecome,  L 

Exlw'd  Bay  ley,  L 

Joseph  Baxter,  L 

Thomas  Burney,  L 

John  Burk,  L 

Thomas  Byrd,  L  wd 

Josias  Baker,  L 

Barth*  Burns,  L 

Bibby  Brook,  Hg 

Joshua  Burton,  Hg  wd 

John  Boyd,  M 

Robert  Burns,  M 

Nath*  Barrett,  M 

Thos.  Burk,  M 
Christ"  Bombgardner,       M 

John  Bryans,  M 


Thos.  Burris, 
Robert  Bennett, 
Wm.  Braughton, 
Henry  Bristoe, 
John  Bishop, . 
Wm.  Bayley, 
Rudolph  Brickner, 
Robert  Bett, 
Richard  Bolton, 
James  Black, 
Godfrey  Bombgardner, 
Christ"  Byerly, 
James  Carson, 
Wm.  Coffland,  E 
John  Carroll, 
Joseph  Casterson, 
Patrick  Coyle,> 
Wm.  Cams, 
Edward  Cabell, 
Nathan  Chapman,  E 
Phil.  Connerly, 
Gerrard  Clerk, 
Matthew  Cox,  E 
Wm.  Coleman, 
Thos.  Chaddock, 
Tohn  Chapman, 


M 
M 

M 

M 

M 

Vkd 

Vwd 

V 

V 

V 

V 

V 

H 

H 

H 

H 

L 

L 

Lwd 

Lwd 

Lwd 

Lkd 

Hg 
Hg 
Hg 
Hg  wd 


280 


VIRGINIA  HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


Andrew  Clark, 

Hg 

Jos*  Gibbs, 

H 

Timo.  Conway, 

Mwd 

Jacob  Gause, 

H 

John  Clements, 

M 

James  Good, 

Hwd 

Thos.  Carter, 

V 

Edw'd  Graves, 

H 

John  Campbell,    * 

V 

Robert  Grymes, 

L 

John  Coen, 

V 

Jos.  Gatewood, 

Hg 

Wm.  Carter, 

V 

David  Gorman, 

Hgwd 

Wm.  Deveeny, 

H 

Edw'd  Goodwin, 

Hgwd 

Patrick  Durphy, 

H 

Phil.  Gatewood, 

Hg 

Matthew  Durham, 

Hgwd 

James  Gwinn, 

M 

Wm.  Dean, 

Hg 

George  Gibbons, 

M 

James  Devoy, 

M 

Wm.  Gardner, 

Mwd 

Claud  Dalton, 

M 

Jno.  Gallihorn, 

M 

James  Dailey, 

M 

Patrick  Gallaway, 

V 

Thos.  Donahough, 

V 

Geo.  Gobell, 

V 

Charles  Dunn. 

V 

Wm.  Gerrard, 

V 

Bern*  Draxeller, 

V 

Wm.  Harbinson, 

L 

John  Durham, 

L  wd  Cornelius  Henley, 

L     ■ 

Peter  EfHeck, 

Hg 

Benj.  Hamilton, 

Hg 

Robert  Elliot. 

Hg  wd 

Abner  Haslip, 

Hg 

Edw'd  Evans, 

M 

Southey  Haslip, 

Hg 

Henry  Earnest. 

M 

Thos.  Harris, 

Hg 

John  Franklin, 

H 

James  Heyter, 

Hgwd 

Nich*  Foster, 

H 

Argyle  House, 

Hgwd 

Thos.  Fisher, 

Hkd 

Samuel  Hayden, 

Hgwd 

James  Ferguson, 

L 

Christ'  Helsley, 

M 

Thom*  Foster, 

L 

Mark  HoUis, 

M 

John  Field, 

L 

John  Huston, 

M 

James  Fuhon, 

Lwd 

Wm.  Holland, 

M 

Duncan  Ferguson, 

Hg 

Matthew  Howard, 

M 

And'  Fowler, 

Hg 

Jno.  Hamilton, 

Vwd 

James  Ford, 

Hgwd 

Thos.  Hennesey, 

V 

Wm.  Field. 

M 

Arthur  Howard, 

V 

John  Ferguson, 

M 

Adam  Jones, 

H 

John  Farmer, 

M 

Matthew  Jones, 

L 

Mich^  Frank, 

V 

Wm.  Johnston, 

Hg 

Jacob  Furkbauser, 

V 

Charles  James,  E 

Hg 

Jacob  Go  wen, 

H 

Robert  Jones, 

Hgwd 

John  Goldson, 

H 

Saml.  Isdale, 

M 

VIRGINIA  TROOPS  IN   FRENCH   AND   INDIAN   WARS.       281 


Joshua  Jordan, 

M  wd 

David  Montgomery, 

M 

Wise  Johnson, 

Vwd 

I  Jacob  Myer, 

M 

John  Johnson, 

V 

Barnaby  McKan, 

Mkd 

Anthony  Kennedy, 

H 

John  May, 

M 

John  Kitson, 

H  kd  Wm.  Mclntire, 

M 

Dennis  Kenton, 

H 

Hugh  McCoy, 

M 

Thos.  Kitson, 

Hg 

John  McGuire, 

M 

Wm.  Knowls, 

V 

Geo.  Macomb, 

V 

Ewd.  King, 

V 

Richard  Major, 

V 

James  Ludlow, 

L 

William  Mitchell, 

V 

James  Letort, 

Hg 

John  McGregory, 

V 

Wm.  Lowry, 

M 

Angus  McDonald, 

V 

Nath*  Lewis, 

H 

Edw'd  Minor, 

V 

Thos.  Longdon,  Sr., 

E    H 

Henry  Neile, 

H 

Adam  Leonard, 

M 

Thos.  Nicholson, 

Lwd 

Robert  McKay, 

H 

Thos.  Napp, 

Hg 

Jesse  Morris, 

H 

Matth"  Nevison, 

Hg 

Isaac  Moor, 

H 

Thos.  Ogden, 

H 

James  Milton. 

H 

John  Ogilvie, 

H 

Mich*  McGrath. 

Hwd 

John  Poor, 

L 

Robt.  McCulroy, 

H  wd  William  Poor, 

L 

Dan'l  McClaren, 

H  kd  Thos.  Pearce, 

L 

Richard  Morris, 

H 

John  Powers, 

L 

Mich*  McCannon, 

L 

Bryant  Page, 

Hg 

John  Maston, 

L 

Martial  Pratt,  £ 

Hg 

John  Mulholland, 

L 

Alex'  Perry, 

M 

John  McCutty, 

L  wd  William  PuUen, 

Mkd 

Geo.  McSwine, 

Lwd 

John  Potter, 

Vwd 

Robt.  Murphey, 

L 

Joseph  Powell, 

Vwd 

John  Mclntire, 

L 

Hugh  Paul, 

V 

Dan'l  Malotte, 

L 

Mich'  Reiley, 

Hwd 

James  McCommac, 

L 

Ware  Rocket, 

H 

Jesse  May, 

Hg 

James  Rowe, 

L 

Joseph  Milton, 

Hg 

John  Rodgers, 

Lwd 

John  Martin, 

Hg 

John  Rodgers, 

L 

Nicholas  Morgan, 

Hg 

John  Ramsey,  E 

Lkd 

Thomas  Moss, 

Hg 

John  Rowe, 

Hg 

John  Mears, 

Hg 

John  Ramsey, 

Hg 

Dominick  Moran, 

Hg 

Frederick  Rupert, 

M 

282 


VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


John  Robinson, 

Vkd 

Dempsey  Simmons, 

Vwd 

Ezek*  Richardson, 

V 

John  Stewart, 

V 

John  Rogers, 

V 

Francis  Self, 

V 

John  Sones, 

H 

Benj.Spicer, 

V 

Chas.  Smith, 

H 

Matth*  Shampe, 

V 

Rich'd  Smith, 

H 

John  Tranton, 

Hkd 

Wm.  Stallons, 

H 

RobtTunstalt  E 

H 

Wm.  Swallow, 

H 

Nehemiah  Fendall, 

Lwd 

Alexander  Stewart, 

H  wd 

Thos.  Tedman, 

L 

Dan^  Staple, 

H 

James  Tybus, 

Lwd 

John  Smith, 

L 

John  Truston, 

L 

John  Smith, 

L 

James  Thomas, 

Hg 

Terence  Swiney, 

L 

James  Tyrell, 

M                  ! 

James  Smith, 

L 

George  Taylor, 

Vwd 

Thos.  Scott, 

Lkd 

John  Thompson, 

V 

James  Samuell,  £ 

Hg 

Wm.  Underwood, 

Hg 

Mich*  Scully,  E 

Hg 

Daniel  Welch, 

H 

Zach"*  Smith, 

Hg 

Chas.  Waddy, 

H 

Thos.  Slaughter, 

Hg 

James  Wech, 

H 

Dudley  Skinner, 

Hg  wd  Peregrine  Williams, 

Hwd 

Joseph  Scott, 

Hg 

John  Whitman, 

L 

John  Stephens, 

Hg 

Arthur  Watts, 

Lwd 

Hugh  Stone, 

M 

Philip  Waters, 

M 

Robt.  Stewart, 

M  wd 

Michael  Waker, 

M 

Wm.  Symmons, 

V  kd  Edw*  Whitehead, 

V 

263  men;  wounded 

43;  killed  12. 

Recruits  which  joined  at  Wills'   creek  after  y*  Battle  of  y 
Meadows. 


John  David  Wilfer, 
Thos.  Sellers, 
Bryan  Conner, 
,  George  Hoarst, 
Jacob  Havely, 
Richard  Murray, 
Hugh  Ratchford, 
Jacob  Cat, 


Jacob  Perkley, 
James  McLaughlin, 
Henry  Leonard, 
Benj.  Smith, 
Jacob  Kiblar, 
John  Lowe, 
Gasper  Moorhead, 
Christian  Taylor, 


VIRGINIA  TROOPS  IN   FRENCH   AND    INDIAN   WARS.       283 


James  McBride, 
William  Tyan, 
John  Capham, 


John  Thomas, 
John  Hamilton. 


The  foUowinj^  names  are  included  in  the  pay  rolls,  tho'  not  in 
the  returns  at  Wills  Creek: 


Hugh  Ratchford, 

M 

David  Wilkerson, 

L 

John  Jones, 

H 

Patrick  Smith, 

L 

John  Harwood, 

H 

John  Hart, 

L 

Abra"  Mashaw, 

L 

Gasper  Morean, 

L 

Robt.  Graham, 

L 

Barnaby  Ryley, 

L 

Thos.  Stedman, 

L 

Nath^  Deadman, 

L 

Thos.  Pearson, 

L 

Wm.  Chaplain, 

L 

Edm*  Wagener, 

H 

John  Davis, 

L 

Rich'd  Trotter, 

Hg 

Pledge  Ward, 

L 

Chas.  Soanes, 

Hg 

Geo.  Swiney, 

Matthew  Lovingston, 

Hg 

Daniel  Bellott, 

James  Meggs, 

Hg 

Elisha  Ward, 

Wm.  Hogan, 

V 

John  Lee, 

James  Cam  mock, 

M 

John  Maid. 

Rich'd  Pritchard, 

• 

M 

DESERTED. 

Jacob  Beil, 

Jacob  Arrans, 

John  Beil, 

Geo.  Campbell, 

Chas.  Boyle, 

Jacob  Catt, 

John  Bryant, 

Baron  Draxilla, 

John  Franklin, 

Jacob  Furkhauser, 

Jno.  Baptist  Hasty, 

Jacob  Helsley, 

Ignatius  Jones, 

George  Hurst, 

Thos.  Lockart, 

Jacob  Heffley, 

John  Mcintosh, 

Henry  Leonard, 

P.  Pesenlegar, 

Richard  Murray, 

• 

Wm.  Stroud, 

Jacob  Perkley, 

Wm.  Turner, 

Benj.  Smith. 

John  Wilson, 


284  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

The  forej^oin^  contains  a  List  of  all  the  Soldiers  which  are  to 
be  found  either  upon  the  Pay  Rolls,  or  Muster  Rolls. — The 
party  of  Recruits  which  join*  at  Wills  Creek  after  the  Battle  of 
the  Meadows — the  Men  who  received  the  present  of  a  Pistole 
from  the  Country  as  an  acknowledg^ement  of  their  Gallant  Beha- 
viour upon  that  occasion — and  the  Detachment  which  marched 
to  Augusta  sometime  after  the  Defeat.  By  which  (there  appear- 
ing  to  be  350  upon  the  Roll)  it  is  evident  there  are  many  men 
(here)  Included  that  are  not  entitled  (strictly)  to  a  share  of  the 
200,000  acres  of  Land  under  Gov'  Dinwiddies  Proclam^  and 
scarce  possible  that  any  can  be  omitted  which  are — this  being 
carfully  attended  to  least  any  might  be  deprived  of  their  Right 
by  not  appearing  on  the  list  when  they  applied  to 

G*  Washington. 
April  30,  1 77 1. 

The  letter  (E)  ag*  each  man's  name  signifies  his  having  entered 
his  claim. 


List  of  Officers  of  the  Virginia  Regiment.  29  May, 
1754,  AND  the  Dates  of  their  Commissions. 

captains. 

Colonel  Joshua  Fry,  February  25,  1754. 
Lieutenant-Colonel  George  Washington,  January  25,  1754. 
Major  George  Muse,  March  15,  1754. 
Captain  Adam  Stephen,  February  25,  1754. 
Captain  Robert  Stobo,  March  6,  1754. 
Captain  Andrew  Lewis,  March  8,  1754. 
Captain  Peter  Hog,  March  9,  1754. 
Lieutenant  Jacob  Vanbraam,  January  25,  1754. 
Lieutenant  George  Mercer,  February  25.  1754. 
Lieutenant  Thomas  Wagener,  February  26,  1754. 
Lieutenant  John  West,  February  27,  1754. 
Lieutenant  William  Poison,  February  28,  1754. 
Lieutenant  John  Savage,  March  9,  1754. 
Ensign  James  Towers,  January  25,  1754. 


> 


VIRGINIA  TROOPS   IN   FRENCH    AND   INDIAN  WARS.       285 

Ensign  Wm.  Bronaugh,  March  20,  i754# 
Ensign  John  Mercer,  March  26,  1754. 
Ensign  Wm.  Peyroune,  April  20,  1754. 
Ensign  James  Craik,  May  23,  1754. 
Surgeon  James  Craik,  March  7,  1754. 
Commissary  John  Carlyle,  January  25,  1754. 


A  List  of  Officers,  and  the  Dates  of  their  Commissions. 

CAPTAINS. 

Captain  Mercer,  August  15,  1755. 

'*  Waggener,  August  16,  1755. 

•*  Stewart,  August  18,  1755. 

''  Lewis,  August  23,  1755. 

**  Woodward,  August  25,  1755. 

•'  Spottswood,  August  26,  1755. 

**  McKenzie,  September  4,  1755. 

lieutenants. 

Lieutenant  McNeill  (Capt- Lieut.  )•  August  18,  1755. 
Bullet  I,  August  20,  1755. 
Sleuart,  August  21,  1755. 
Blagg,  August  22,  1755. 
Lomax,  August  26,  1755. 
Steenburger,  August  27,  1755. 
Campbell,  August  30,  1755. 
King,  September  3,  1755. 
Baker,  September  4,  1755. 
Gist,  October  i,  1755. 
Buckner,  June  29,  1756. 
Dangerfield,  May  25,  1757. 
Hubbard,  May  26,  1757. 
Milner,  May  26,  1757. 
Flemming,  May  26,  1757. 
Price,  May  26,  1757. 
Thompson,  July  24,  1757. 


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It 
II 
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It 
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It 
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(( 
It 


286  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Lieutenant  Smith,  July  25, 1757. 

Weeden,  July  26,  1757. 
Crawford,  July  27,  1757. 

ENSIGNS. 

Ensign  Roy,  January  31,  1756, 

Duncanson,  June  28,  1756. 
Sumner,  June  29,  1756. 
Russell,  June  30,  1756. 
Lawson, . 


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tt 
it 


Sprake,  July  10,  1757. 
Fell,  July  16,  1757. 
Woodford,  July  13,  1757. 
Starke,  July  25.  1757. 
Joseph  Feint, 


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Colby  Chew,  October  i,  1757. 


[Copied  from  Washington's  original  MS.  orders.] 

Fort  Cumberland,  September  17,  1775. 
Ensign  Forgie  for  the  day. 

Parole:  Success. 

George  Washington,  Esquire  is,  by  His  Honor  Governor 
Dinwiddle,  appointed  Colonel  of  the  Virginia  Regiment,  and 
Commander  in  Chief  of  all  the  Forces  that  now  are,  and  shall 
be  Raised,  &c.  &c. 

Captain  Adam  Stephen  is  appointed  Lieutenant  Colonel;  and 
Captain  Andrew  Lewis,  Major  of  the  same  Regiment. 

Captain  George  Mercer,  of  the  Virginia  Forces,  is  appointed 
aid  de  Camp  to  Colonel  Washington. 

Lieutenants  John  Savage,  John  Mercer,  Joshua  Lewis  and 
Henry  Woodward  are  appointed  as  Captains  in  the  Virginia 
Regiment. 

Mr.  Robert  Spotswood,  Carter  Harrison,  Charles  Lewis,  Wil- 
liam Peachy,  David  Bell  and  Robert  McKenzie  are  appointed 
Captains  in  the  same  Regiment. 


DISCOURSE   OF  THE  OLD   COMPANY.  287 

Ensig^ns  Thomas  Bullitt,  Walter  Stewart,  John  Blegg,  Han- 
cock Eustace  and  George  Frazier,  are  promoted  to  Lieutenants. 

Mr.  John  Edward  Lomax,  John  Williams,  Augustine  Broken- 
borough,  John  Campbell,  John  Hall,  John  Lowry,  John  King 
and  James  Baker,  are  appointed  Lieutenants. 

Quartermaster  Mordecai  Buckner  is  appointed  Ensign. 

Mr.  John  Poison,  William  Dangerfield,  Edward  Hubbard, 
John  Dean,  Nathaniel  Milner,  William  Fleming,  Leonard  Price, 
Nathaniel  Thomson,  Thomas  Carter,  Chas.  Smith,  Lee  Hessins 
De  Keyzier,  George  Gordon  and  George  Weeden  are  appointed 
Ensigns. 

The  former  Captains  and  Lieutenants,  who  are  not  promoted, 
continue  in  their  former  posts. 

James  Livingston,  Fort-Major,  is  appointed  Adjutant  to  the 
Virginia  Regiment. 

Every  officer  of  the  Virginia  Regiment  to  provide  himself,  as 
soon  as  he  can  conveniently,  with  suit  of  Regimentals  of  good 
blue  Cloath;  the  Coat  to  be  faced  and  cuffed  with  scarlet,  and 
trimmed  with  Silver;  a  scarlet  waistcoat,  with  silver  Lace;  blue 
Breeches,  and  a  silver-laced  hat,  if  to  be  had,  for  Camp  or  Gar- 
rison duty.  Besides  this,  each  officer  to  provide  himself  with  a 
common  soldier's  Dress  for  Detachments  and  Duty  in  the 
Woods. 

3ie  *  3|c  4|F 

September  i8,  1755. 

Lieutenant  Bronaugh  is  promoted  to  be  a  Captain  in  the  Vir- 
ginia Regiment. 

3fe  sfc  Jf  :t: 

(to  be  continued.) 


Discourse  of  the  Old  Company. 

(continued.) 

And  here  first  wee  are  in  duety  forced  to  deliver  unto  yo' 
Lo^,  that  the  restoring,  supporting  &  re  advancem^  of  that 
Plantation,  wee  hold  to  bee  a  worke,  though  of  great  necessitie 
for  the  honour,  yea  and  service  of  his  Ma**',  these  tymes  consid- 
ered: yet  w*^  all  of  soe  extreame  difficultie,  that  it  is  not  to  be 


w 


288  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

rashly  &  unadvisedly  undertaken,  but  w^  great  circumspection, 
care,  &  preparacon,  with  assurance  also  of  great  assistance. 

For  not  to  insist  much,  upon  the  nature  &  greatnes  of  the 
worke,  so  remote  from  the  favourers,  so  vicine  to  mighty  ma- 
ligners  of  it:  and  inded  fitter  for  the  power  &  purse  of  a  Great 
Prince  &  State,  then  of  private  Adventure",  and  those  allready 
exhaust  &  tyred;  the  wounds  w"""  since  that  great  wound  of  the 
Massacre,  it  hath  more  lately  receaved,  from  their  handes  whome 
it  least  beseemed,  are  still  so  wide  &  bleedinge,  that  unlesse  his 
Ma*^^  and  yo'  Lo^  as  deputed  from  him,  shall  vouchsafe  to  apply 
a  soveraine  hand  for  the  healing  of  them,  wee  are  resolute  of 
opinion,  that  it  is  impossible,  the  Plantation  carried  as  formerly  by 
private  persons,  should  either  prosper  or  long  subsist:  Those 
woundes  wee  conceave  are  these.  First  the  generall  disreputa- 
con  of  the  Business  (Reputation  being  a  principall  pillar  of  al] 
great  actions)  &  that  partly  by  some  errors,  neglects  &  disas- 
ters, but  principally  by  the  late  faction,  though  of  a  few  &  small 
Adventurers  yet  strongly  &  strangely  inanimated  &  supported 
agaynst  the  great  Body  of  Companie:  whereof  in  fine  also  by 
undermining  misinformacons  they  have  wrought  y"*  Disolucon; 
&  consequently  lefte  all,  both  Adventurers  &  Planters,  in  an 
utter  uncertaynty  of  their  Rights,  Titles  &  Possessions:  though 
promise  was  made  that  they  should  be  reassured  to  them,  w"^ 
these  men  have  neglected  to  see  performed. 

Secondly  the  great  discouragem'  of  sundry  not  of  the  meanest 
both  Adventurers  &  Planters,  some  of  them  persons,  and  others 
also  of  good  qualitie :  by  whose  cares  &  labours,  together  w** 
their  friends  &  purses,  the  Plantation  having  formerly  receaved 
no  small  encrease  &  benefit,  to  the  Planters  great  comfort  &  con- 
tent, (w*"*  they  have  not  forborne  from  tyme  to  tyme  to  declare) : 
yet  have  they  by  the  unjust  calumnies  &  clamors  of  these  men, 
bin  continually  prosecuted  w"*  all  variety  of  extremitie,  to  ye 
rewarding  of  them  with  evill  for  their  good  deservings,  and  to 
the  disheartening  of  all  other,  to  succeed  in  like  care  &  industry. 

Thirdly  the  present  extreame  povertie  &  consumpcon  of  y* 
Plantacon  being  for  want  of  the  accustomed  yearly  supplies^ 
reduced  to  that  paucetie  of  men  &  want  of  all  sorts  well  neere 
of  necessary  provision,  that  it  cannpt  be  restored,  but  w""  an 
huge  expence,  no  less  allmost  then  to  sett  up  a  new  Plantation. 


\ 


DISCOURSE  OF  THE  OLD  COMPANY.  289 

Nowe  touching  the  disreputacon  of  y*  Action,  and  the  generall 
dishearteninge  of  the  Adventurers  &  Planters,  such  especially  as 
have  spared  neither  paynes  nor  expence,  for  ye  recovering,  sup- 
porting and  advancinge  the  Plantation :  We  humbly  crave  yo' 
Lop'  favourable  patience,  though  wee  somewhat  enlarge  our 
selves  in  this  place,  to  present  in  part  the  Injustice  &  greave- 
ousnes  of  those  wounds  to  the  hono^^  minds  &  skillfull  hands  of 
yo'  Lop":  Seeing  that  in  our  understandinge  the  curing  of  them 
by  yo'  Lop',  may  be  a  meanes  to  revive  agayne  the  generally 
deaded  hearts  of  both  Adventurers  &  Planters  &  to  adde  a  new 
lustre  &  grace  to  y*  Action. 

Amongst  the  many  glorious  workes  of  the  late  Kinge,  there 
was  none  more  eminent,  then  his  Gracious  enclination,  together 
w"*  y*  propagation  of  Christian  Religion,  to  advance  &  sett  for- 
ward a  new  Plantacon  in  the  new  world,  W'^  purpose  of  his  con- 
tinued till  the  last,  manifested  by  his  Ma^  many  publique  & 
private  speeches  by  divers  LVes  of  his,  &  by  his  sundry  Procla- 
macons,  so  that  their  faults  are  farr  the  greater,  who,  as  imediatly 
shal  be  declared,  did  malitiously  and  cunningly  pervert  those 
Gracious  intencons  of  his  Ma"**  by  scandalizing  y*  Government 
as  it  then  stood,  as  neither  convenient  here  nor  likely  there  to 
advance  the  prosperitie  of  the  Colonic;  and  by  insinuating  as- 
surances, that  they  themselves  would  manytayne  that  worke  by 
better  meanes.  Which  his  Ma***  conceavinge  (as  it  was  reason) 
they  would  not  so  boldly  have  promised  of  themselves,  being  so 
g^reat  a  worke  unlesse  they  had  had  both  knowledge  and  meanes 
to  goe  thorough  w**  it;  did  also  believe:  &  so  they  became  y* 
undertakers.  And  now,  as  it  hath  bin  ever  farr  from  o'  practize 
and  agaynst  o*^  present  desires  to  fall  upon  the  persons  of  any 
men,  where  necessitie  &  justice  of  y*  cause  doth  not  necessarilie 
require  it :  yet  at  this  tyme  it  is  impossible  to  cleare  this  pointe 
to  yo'  Lop'  without  naming  some  of  their  persons  and  particu- 
larizing their  Actions.  About  six  yeares  agoe,  when  by  reason 
of  the  apparant  misprosperinge  of  the  Plantation,  and  the 
fowlnes  of  the  Accounts  here,  (the  then  Treasurer  being  Gover- 
nour  of  ffower  or  ffive  other  Companies,  w'**  excused  his  neglect 
of  attending  this  business,)  the  Governem*  of  the  Companie  was 
translated  from  S'  Thomas  Smith  and  Alderman  Johnson,  into 
S'  Edwin  Sandis,  &  after  into  the  Earle  of  Southampton's  hands 


290  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

&  their  deputies:  it  is  notoriously  knowne  how  they,*  w"*  Cap- 
tayne  Argoll  and  other  of  their  friends,  partly  preadventure 
through  discontent  for  being  removed  from  their  places,  but 
principally  through  feare,  (their  accounts,  depredacons,  Piracies 
&  misgovernem*  being  now  questioned  before  the  Counsell  and 
in  the  Companies  Courts)  perpetuall  disturbed  &  disgraced  by 
severall  wayes,  both  to  his  Ma***  &  to  the  world,  all  the  present 
proceedings  of  the  Com  panic,  to  y*  great  disheartninge  of  the 
Companie  here,  and  no  small  disadvantage  of  y''  Colonic.  And 
of  this,  and  of  the  bad  effects  of  it,  all  our  bookes  &  memories 
are  full.  But  yet  by  God's  assistance,  &  the  unwearied  courage 
of  the  Companie;  wee  ridd  out  this  storme.  The  next  blowe,  as 
wee  had  reason  to  believe,  proceeding  by  their  underhand  rays- 
inge  of  new  spiritts,  drawne  to  disturbe  us  for  their  owne  gayne 
was  the  bringing  in  of  new  &  severall  projects  concerning  To- 
bacco :  w®**  was  for  the  instant  the  only  comoditie  whereby  the 
Planters  mayntayned  themselves,  and  so  under  colour  of  ad- 
vancing proiitt  to  his  Ma***  sometimes  (as  hath  been  before 
touched)  wee  were  forbidden  to  bring  in  any  Tobacco,  some- 
times to  bring  in  but  a  small  quantitie,  and  sometimes 
comaunded  to  bring  in  all.  W"**  varying  directions  did  so  dis- 
tract &  confound  the  Adventurers  &  Planters,  that  it  had  in  a 
manner  ruyned  the  Plantation. 

Bnt  yet  by  Gods  assistance,  &  the  constancy  of  y*  Companies 
wee  ridd  out  this  storme  also.  The  instruments  in  this  worke 
that  especiallie  appeared,  were  the  then  S'  Lionell  Crawfield,  Mr. 
Jacob  and  some  others  :  to  the  extreame  damage  of  the  Com- 
pany, enrichement  of  themselves,  &  deceyt  of  his  Ma***  as  was  at 
large  expressed  &  offered  to  be  proved  in  y*  last  Parliament. 
Thirdly  by  the  procuremen*  of  that  part,  divers  scandalous  peti- 
cons  agayns*,  the  company,  in  general!',  &  many  in  perticuler 
did  putt  us  to  much  vexacon  &  trouble.  But  their  accusacons 
were  so  fals,  that  wee  also  overcame  this  Third  assault. 

After  this  another  stratagem  was  obtruded  upon  us,  under  pre- 
tence of  friendship  &  love  of  y*  Plantation.  The  Earle  of 
Midd[l]esex  then  Lo :  high  Treasurer  of  England  who  in  respect 
of  his  place,  Was  to  take  into  his  consideracon  all  thinges  that 


*  That  is.  Sir  Thorns  Smythe  and  Alderman  Johnson. 


DISCOURSE   OF   THE  OLD   COMPANY.  291 

had  relacon  to  his  Ma^  revennue,  did  first  propound  to  S'  Edwin 
Sandis,  &  afterwards  to  y*  Ea:  of  Southampton,  y*  Lo:  Caven- 
dish &  S'  Edwin  Sandis  together  that  the  King,  he  knewe,  had 
by  S'  Thomas  Smithers  meanes  &  Alderman  Johnsons,  and 
some  great  friends  &  instruments  of  theires  bin  strangely  pos- 
sessed agaynst  the  forme  of  our  Governmen',  &  y*  consequences 
of  it :  &  particularly  that  they  had  made  such  advantage  by 
traducing  y*  names  of  y*"  Earle  of  Southampton  and  S'  Edwin 
Sandis,  that  y*  business  of  y*  Ptantacon  fared  y*  worse  for  their 
sakes.  That  he  had  already  in  Generall  spoken  w***  his  Ma**®  & 
assured  him,  that  y*'  whispers  &  relacons  of  those  men,  had  an 
eye  to  their  owne  safetie,  and  not  the  Colonie's  good  ;  and  that 
thereupon  the  King  referred  the  whole  consideracon  of  y*  Plan- 
tation, and  what  was  best  to  be  done,  to  his  care.  Upon  this  he 
propounded  unto  those  before  named,  that  y*  best  way  was  to 
engage  the  Kinge  in  his  care  of  the  Plantations,  and  to  make  it, 
impossible  for  any  hereafter  to  disturbe  the  Companie,  as  they 
had  formerly  done,  was  to  thinke  of  some  such  meanes,  whereby 
the  profit  of  his  Ma^^  &  the  good  of  y*"  Plantation,  might  hand 
in  hand  goe  together.  And  to  speake  truth  ;  though  those  he 
spoke  w^  all,  were  at  first  very  unwilling  to  swallowe  this  guilded 
pill,  as  having  heard  of  y*  stile  he  used  in  negotiating  other  busi- 
nesses of  this  nature :  yet  he  was  so  full  of  protestacons  in  it,  ever 
pretending  the  Companies  good,  and  w^^  all  procured  further 
intimacon  to  y*"  Earle  of  Southampton,  that  no  service  of  his 
could  be  more  acceptable  to  his  Ma"*  then  this  now  propounded  : 
that  upon  these  protestacons  &  assurance  they  engaged  them- 
selves to  treat  of  a  contract  between  his  Ma**®  &  the  companies. 
In  the  making  whereof,  y*  said  Earle  of  Midd.  remembered  not 
his  promised  care  of  y*  Plantations;  but  in  truth  from  one  degree 
to  another,  wrested  us  to  such  condicons  &  such  a  rate,  as  was 
very  dammeagh  to  y*  Plantacons.  But  upon  serious  debate  in 
maney  &  full  Courts,  upon  the  whole  matter  wee  were  resolved, 
considering  the  protection  of  the  Colonies,  &  favour  promised  ; 
and  to  be  free  from  those  frequent  projects  that  in  former  tymes 
had  soe  much  wronged  &  disturbed  us,  to  accept  an  hard  bar- 
g^ayne:  conceavinge  that  though  it  were  pot  so  good  as  wee 
desired,  &  was  fitt  to  have  bin  offered  ;  yet  by  it  we  shall 
be  in  a  better  case  &  way  of  benefitting  the  Plantations,  then 


292  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

formerly  wee  were.  And  so  in  Michaelmas  terme — 1622 — this 
contract  w'^^  began  to  be  treated  of  in  Easter  terme,  was  concluded 
by  the  subscription  of  the  Earle  of  Middlesex  his  hand,  and  by 
sending  the  company  word,  that  that  day  the  whole  Counsell 
board  had  given  their  assent  thereunto,  w''*'  was  the  first  tyme 
the  Company  understood  that  they  had  heard  of  y*  matter.  The 
Contract  thus  concluded,  a  great  Tempest  arose  by  what  secrett 
cause  &  underhand  procurement,  wee  may  guess,  but  not  affirm. 
But  in  a  Court  of  the  Company  upon  the  4th  of  December  fol- 
lowing, one  Mr.  Wrote  Cosen  Germane  to  the  Earle  of  Middle- 
sex, (discontent*^  also  that  he  was  passed  over  in  the  election  of 
Officers)  did  w^  a  passionate  &  blasting  speech,  inveigh  agaynst 
the  Contract,  &  the  mapaging  thereof  w^^  sallary ;  agaynst  the 
proceeding  in  the  Treaty  of  it,  as  that  it  had  bin  unduly  and 
unjustly  carried,  that  men  had  bin  overawed*  and  that  it  had  bin 
procured  to  private  ends.  Whereof  not  being  able  to  make  any 
shadowe  of  proofe  &  persisting  still  in  his  violent  and  contempt- 
uous Demeand*'  upon  a  full  hearinge,  he  was  thrust  out  of  the 
Companie,  and  upon  that  ground  joyned  himself  to  S^  Thomas 
Smith,  Alderman  Johnson  &  that  opposite  party  &  drewe  also 
with  him  Two  more  of  his  Companions,  and  so  now  made  shewe 
of  a  formall  party  agaynst  the  Company.  But  for  all  this,  wee 
still  mayntayned  the  repiitacon  of  o'  proceedings.  The  next  of 
o'  troubles  in  order,  (proceeding  from  what  secrett  cause,  that 
w""^  follows  will  give  yo'  Lop'  more  reason  of  conjecture,  then  wee 
will  now  affirme)  was,  that  this  opposite  party  then  attayned  to 
about — 25 — in  nomber,  had  some  secrett  encouragen'  or  other 
given  them,  directly  to  appugne  the  Contract ;  w*"^  as  is  before 
declared  was  so  formally  made  :  and  gave  some  reasons  in  writing 
agaynst  it  to  the  then  Lord  Trer  ;  who  receaving  them,  gave  the 
company  first  suspicon  of  double  intelligence  &  indirectness  in 
his  dealing^ 

But  howsoever,  the  Earle  of  Southampton,  the  Lo  :  Cavendish, 
S'  Edwin  Sandis,  &  some  other,  being  called  by  the  Earle  of 
Middlesex  to  his  Chamber  at  Whitehall,  then  thought,  that  they 
had  given  such  answers  to  them,  as  that  his  Lop'  rested  satisfied. 
But  his  Lop'  after,  speaking  w*^  y*  Earle :  of  Southampton  and 
the  rest  before  name*,  told  them  that  they  that  had  opposed, 
were  a  clamorous  Company,  and  that  to  make  the  business  goe 


DISCOURSE  OF  THE   OLD   COMPANY.  293 

current,  it  were  best  that  their  objections  and  o'  answess  should 
be  heard  at  the  Counsell  table.  And  upon  hearing  thereof,  their 
accusacous,  and  o^  answers,  the  Earle  of  Middlesex,  who  assumed 
the  chief  knowledge  &  care  of  that  business,  did  in  y'  close  of 
that  hearinge  use  the  words  formerly  rehearsed.  Of  the  leand 
carriage  in  former  tymes,  and  of  the  latter  in  a  manner  miracu- 
lous recoverie. 

A  greater  testimony  of  o'  integritie  &  their  guilt,  could  not  be 
given.  But  as  the  sequall  will  manifest,  &  as  wee  have  since  found 
in  other  of  his  Lop'  proceedings,  he  meant  to  loose  nothing  by 
those  words.  Howsoever  it  was,  &  whatsover  wee  suspect,  not 
intending  now  to  dive  into  those  misaries,  from  that  day  forward, 
to  y*  Conclusion  of  this  business  he  professedly  made  himselfe 
the  patron  to  that  side,  &  enemy  to  the  company,  for  w**  wee 
appeal  to  yo'  Lop'  better  knowledge.  Afterwards  about  that 
Contract  were  divers  meetings  before  the  Lords,  where  it  was 
principally  inveighed  agaynst  by  SV  Nathaniell  Rich;  speaking 
agaynst  the  injustice  &  unconscionablenes  of  it;  protesting  that 
he  had  ever  sold  his  Tobacco  for  ffive  shillings  a  pound  one  w^** 
another,  and  that  every  pound  cost  him  Two  shillings  a  pound 
one  w^  another,  and  that  every  pound  cost  him  Two  shillings 
six  pence  in  y*  Sumer  Islands  :  and  now  to  give  a  Third  away 
to  the  King  &  peradventure  y*  price  not  to  be  much  higher  was 
agaynst  justice  &  conscience.  And  here  by  the  way,  wee  hum- 
bly crave  leave  to  say  thus  much,  that  his  conscience  now  serves 
him  in  this  new  Contract,  to  force  y'  Planter  &  the  Adventurer 
to  sell  their  Tobacco,  the  best  sort  2'  4*  and  the  second  sort  at 
sixteene  pence  a  pound.  But  upon  that  former  Demonstrative 
Argument  of  his,  though  it  were  so  fully  answered  as  nothing 
could  be  more,  yet  the  Earle  of  Middlesex  took  his  ground  to 
condemn  the  contract  he  had  signed,  as  hurtfull  to  the  Planta- 
cons;  and  to  commaund  the  companies  to  thinke  of  propound- 
ing a  better,  &  to  bring  it  in  writing  w""  in  Two  daies:  w""*  was 
accordingly  done:  and  therein  shewed  that  y*  hardnesse  of  this 
contract,  was  not  by  the  Companies  proposition,  but  by  his  Lop' 
pressure.  And  therefore  urged  what  had  bin  offered  to  his  Lop' 
at  the  first;  that  his  Matie  would  be  contented  w^**  a  fourth,  & 
not  require  a  third  of  o^  Tobacco.  To  w"**  in  great  scorne  his 
Lop'  replyed  that  take  Two  pence  out  of  six  pence  their  would 


294  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

remayne  a  Groat.  But  the  last  Parliament  saw  that  his  best  in- 
vention, was  by  adding — 3;^  to  40' — to  make  up  ffive  pounds. 
But  in  conclusion  that  Contract  was  dissolved,  &  a  commaund 
laid  upon  the  Companies  by  his  Lop'  procurement  to  bring  all  o*^ 
Tobaccoes  in,  under  colour  that  Three  pence  custom  was  abated; 
whereas  in  truth  by  his  admitting  also  of  all  Spanish  Tobacco, 
upon  S'r  John  Wolslenholmes  motion  wee  could  not  vent  a  third 
part  of  it  here:  and  so  by  computacon,  in  respect  of  the  quan- 
titie  un vented,  wee  paid  neere  doouble  as  much  as  before:  w*^ 
was  his  only  favour  to  y*  Plantations. 

The  contract  thus  dissolved  *  as  publiquely  damageable  by  the 
incouragement  of  the  Earle  of  Middlesex,  &  industry  of  y*  ffive . 
and  twenty  before  menconed,  (that  so  place  might  be  made  for 
this  latter  contract,  so  privately  beneficial],  for  so  by  the  effect  it 
hath  appeared) :  the  Governm*  was  now  likewise  to  be  questioned 
and  altered,  or  else  they  compassed  not  their  ends.  Which  to 
bring  about,  these  two  wayes  were  used.  First  a  peticon  was 
delivered  to  his  Ma'^  by  Alderman  Johnson,  in  the  name  of  the 
rest,  inveighing  against  the  latter  Governm'  &  magnifying  the 
former.  And  in  the  end,  desiring  a  commission  to  examine  the 
proceedings  of  those  last  ffower. 

This  peticon  was  by  the  Company  at  large  answered  to  his 
Ma^"  &  wee  joyned  in  y'  point  of  having  o'  actions  examined  by 
the  Comission :  but  w"""  all  thought  it  just,  &  desired,  that  their 
Twelve  years  Govermen'  before  might  be  also  examined:  w** 
accordingly  was  ordered.  The  second  means  used  by  them,  was 
to  rayse  up  Captayne  Butler,  who  hasting  from  the  Summer 
Islands  to  Virginia,  where  he  stayed  but  a  few  weeks,  upon  his 
returne  delivered  to  his  Ma^"  a  paper  called  The  unmasking  of 
Virginia.!  The  substance  of  w"^  was  first  the  dispraise  of  the 
country  and  making  of  it  an  unfit  place  for  any  English  Colony  ; 
&  next  scandalizing  the  Governm'  of  it,  both  here,  &  there. 
What  concerned  the  colonic,  was  proved  to  be  false  by  fforty 
witnesses:  who  chaunced  to  be  in  Towne  then,  &  had  bin  often  & 


*  For  a  more  detailed  account  of  this  contract  see  Virginia  Histori- 
cal Society  Collections :  History  of  London  Company,  Vol.  II. 

fSee  Virginia  Historical  Society  Collections,  History  of  the  London 
Company,  Vol.  II. 


DISCOURSE   OF  THE  OLD   COMPANY.  295 

long  in  y*  Colonie :  And  was  endeavoured  to  be  mayntayned 
by  him  by  two  meanes  only :  one  by  practizing  to  gett  the  hands 
of  Two  men  unto  it,  to  whome  he  owed  money  &  deferred  pay- 
ment :  who  when  they  heard  it  read  iii  C6'\  protested  that  they 
never  saw  what  they  sett  their  hands  to,  and  that  Capt :  Butler 
told  ihem  it  was  a  Paper,  w*"*  he  would  shew  the  King  for  the 
good  of  the  Plantation :  and  desired  y*  companies  pardon ;  for 
whatever  was  there  said  was  false.  Secondly,  he  would  made  it 
to  have  bin  better  believed,  by  a  forged  L[ett]re  w"*"  hee  brought 
to  Sr.  John  Bourchile  from  his  daughter  Mrs.  Whittakers:  who 
knew  it  was  not  her  hand.  This  was  alleddged  at  y*"  counsell 
Table :  and  Capt :  Butler  answered  that  she  was  sick  &  dictated 
it  to  him,  and  he  wrote  it.  But  since,  both  shee  &  her  husband 
being  come  over,  they  bothe  forsweare  it,  &  say  it  was  none  of 
her  doing  nor  direction.  But  howsoever,  by  these  meanes  the 
opposite  party  thus  farre  obteyned  their  ends,  that  by  the  Defa- 
mation, and  this  trouble  ensuinge,  a  very  great  nomber  that 
intended  to  have  gone  over,  were  descouraged.  But  yet  for  all 
this,  the  Companie  knewe  their  cause  to  be  so  just  and  justifiable, 
that  they  did  not  abandon  it  :  but  prepared  themselves  to  give 
divers  charges  before  y'  commission",  agayns'  divers  of  y"  partie 
opposite;  &  professed  themselves  ready  to  make  their  owne 
defence  whensoever  they  should  be  charged.  But  whilst  the 
comission  sate  farther  to  descourage  us,  first  all  o'  Bookes,  & 
after  y'  minutes  of  them  were  sent  far  away  from  us ;  that  none 
of  the  L'res  that  then  came  from  Virginia  were  to  be  seene  by 
us,  being  all  seazed  on  by  the  Comission"  But  touching  the  rest 
of  y®  caridge  of  that  comission,  because  it  was  at  large  delivered 
in  Parliment,  &  offered  to  be  proved,  if  further  proceedinge  in 
that  businesse  had  not  bin  forborne  upon  a  L're  written  to  y* 
house  from  his  Ma'*"  wee  will  now  to  yo'  Lo^*  say  only  this  :  That 
whatsover  was  brought  by  us  concerninge  accounts,  depredacon, 
misgovernement,  &  divers  other  crimes,  agaynst  perticuler  persons, 
was  by  this  comission,  (especially  directed  by  the  Earle  of  Midd.) 
shuffled  of  for  all  the  tyme,  till  the  comission  was  even  at  y*"  end 
nothing  done  upon  them.  And  on  y*'  contrary,  whatsoever  could 
be  gathered  out  of  the  fragments  of  L'res  from  discontented 
persons  in  Virginia  concerning  either  the  place,  or  governem'  was 
diligently  collected  by  them,  and  receaved  by  the  Earle  of  Mid- 


296  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL  MAGAZINE. 

dlesex  as  a  great  testimony  agdynst  us ;  and  would  not  take 
those  other  L'res  for  proof  w'''*  wee  ever  guided  o'  selves  by,  and 
came  from  the  Governour  and  counsel!  there.  And  lastly  sonoe 
three  dayes  before  their  Comission  ended,  they  putt  us  on  a 
sodayne  to  answere  to — 39 — Articles,  or  else  they  would  take 
them  proconfesso.  This  they  thought  for  us  impossible  to  doe. 
But  wee  deceaved  their  expectacon  ;  and  they  could  not  find  in 
the  least  perticuler,  any  just  ground  to  make  any  report  agaynst 
us. 

By  all  this  the  Earle  of  Middlesex  and  that  partie,  perceaving 
y*  companie  would  not  be  beaten  off  a  good  cause;  there  was  a 
practise  to  try  whether  wee  had  rather  part  from  the  business,  or 
from  our  mony.  Where  upon  wee  were  called  before  the  Coun- 
sell  agayne,  and  there  that  side  as  compassionate  affecters  of  the 
Plantation,  urged  the  want  of  corne  &  other  necessaries  there, 
and  that  they  were  like  to  perish  for  want  of  provisions.  The 
Earle  of  Midd  replied,  it  was  a  matter  of  so  great  importance, 
&  concerned  the  lives  of  so  many  of  the  King's  subjects,  that  if 
y*  Companie  would  not  presendy  take  order  for  sending  sup- 
plies, the  state  would  call  in  their  Pattent.  Whereupon  y'  Com- 
panie conceaving  that  if  they  did  send  supplyes,  their  Pattent 
would  not  be  taken  from  them,  under  writt  to  a  Roule  (though 
they  knewe  y^  necessitie  was  nothing  so  great)  foure  thousand 
and  odd  pounds,  w°^  was  paid  and  sent:  and  those  Gentlemen 
that  before  seemed  so  zealous,  subscribed  Twelve  pounds,  and 
paid  it  not.  Upon  w''^  comparison  wee  leave  it  to  yo'  Lop'  to 
judge  w"**  party  was  the  true  father  of  this  child.  This  then  not 
suceeding  according  to  their  desires,  certayne  obscure  persons 
were  found  out  by  the  Earle  of  Midd,  to  be  sent  into  Virginia, 
as  Comission"  for  these  two  ends,  as  wee  have  since  found.  First 
to  sifte  out  what  they  could  agaynst  the  forme  of  o'  Governm* 
here  &  there:  &  next  to  persuade  the  people  to  become  Peticon" 
to  his  Ma"*  for  a  newe  W*"^  succeeded  not  according  to  their  ex- 
pectacon. For  by  the  Colonies  Peticons,  answeres  to  those 
Papers  that  had  bin  delivered  agaynst  them,  &  divers  other 
remonstrances  to  his  Ma"*  from  a  Generall  Assembly  then,  they 
shewed  the  misery  wherein  they  lived,  or  rather  languished  in 
S'r  Thomas  Smithe's  tyme;  and  their  happy  estate  in  this  latter 
Government:  concludinge  that  if  his  Ma"*  intended  to  alter  the 


-  DISCOURSE  OF   THE   OLD   COMPANY.  297 

Government,  &  put  it  into  the  former  hands,  their  humble  suite 
to  him  was;  That  Comission"  might  be  sent  over  to  another 
purpose  before  declared.  The  writinges  themselves  will  manifest 
this  more  at  large.  These  comissioners  thus  sent  to  Virginia, 
the  Earle  of  Midd  &  the  rest  were  not  idle  in  further  distractinge 
the  Companie,  to  give  their  assent  for  surrendring  their  Pattent, 
&  altringe  the  forme  of  Governm';  &  a  newe  one  was  proposed. 
W°^  according  to  order  they  takinge  into  consideracon,  w""" 
duetie  refused:  rendring  also  in  writing  the  reasons  of  their  re- 
fusall.  Whereupon  a  Quo  Warranto  was  directed  by  the  Earle 
of  Midd  suggestion  for  the  calling  in  of  their  Pattent. 

In  the  meanetime,  to  affright  men,  both  from  cominge  to  & 
much  more  from  speaking  in  Courts,  mens  wordes  were  then 
carped  at  &  complayned  of:  and  their  persons  by  the  Earle  ot 
Midd  prosequution,  were  upon  quick  hearinge  sent  to  prison. 

Yet  for  all  this  the  Comp°  stood  to  their  owne  Justificacon,  & 
defence  of  their  Pattent.  Now  Mr.  Atturney,  according  to  y* 
duty  of  his  place  &  instructions  given  him,  urged  y"  misgovern- 
em'  of  the  Companie,  &  consequently  y®  ruyne  of  the  Plantation. 
To  w"**  point  we  were  willinge  to  joyne  issue.  But  afterwards  in 
o"  reply  to  his  pleadinge  w"*out  further  enquiry  of  the  former 
allegation,  advantage  was  taken  upon  o'  mispleading,  &  in  fine 
w**'out  any  farther  ground  that  wee  knowe  of,  the  Patent  was 
Trinity  terme  following,  condemned:  But  for  anything  that  we 
have  yet  seene,  no  judgment  entered.  Yo'  Lop'  by  the  perticu- 
lers  before  related  do  see  by  what  courses  wee  were  reduced  to 
this  extremitie.  One  thinge  yet  wee  thinke  most  necessary  to 
adde;  It  hath  bin  said  by  many,  &  perticulerly  by  some  princi- 
pall  persons  of  the  opposite  partie,  that  y*  dissolutions  of  these 
Plantacons  was  part  of  the  Count  of  Gondomars  Instructions. 
And  certaynely  wee  found  his  activenes  in  negotiatinge  here, 
such,  that  in  bringing  about  his  owne  ends,  he  could  create  here 
instruments  of  o'  selves  agaynst  our  selves.  Wee  say  not  that 
he  &  other  Spanish  Ministers  practised  thus  amongst  us.  These 
two  only  perticulers,  wee  crave  leave  to  offer  unto  yo^  Lop' 
Judgem".  When  S'r  Samuell  Argoll  some  six  or  seaven  yeares 
since,  was  vehemently,  complayned  agaynst,  by  Padre  Maestro, 
and  the  Spanish  secretarie  then  here  for  Piracie,  agynst  the 
Kinge  of  Spaines  subjects  in  y"  West  Indies  he  no  sooner  came 


298  VIRGINIA  HISTORICAL  MAGAZINE. 

home  from  Virginia,  &  appeared  an  opposite  to  y^  present  Com- 
pany, who  questioned  him  for  divers  misdemeanors  and  amongst 
others  for  this;  but  the  heateof  the  Spanish  accusacon  did  pres- 
ently cease.  Our  second  observacon  is  this,  yo'  Lop'  cannot 
but  remember,  w"*  what  extreame  earnestnes  the  Count  of  Gon- 
domar  and  afterwards  Don  Carlodi  Coloma,*  inveighed  agaynst 
Capt.  Butler  whilst  he  was  in  Summer  Islands  about  y*  Spanish 
wrack.  And  so  violent  were  they  about  it  that  y*  Lo:  Stewart,  now 
w^**  God,  and  the  Lo:  Chamberlaine,  were  entreated  to  come  on 
purpose  to  the  Sumer  Islands  company,  about  that  business. 
And  a  comission  was  directed  by  the  Lords  of  the  Counsel!,  to 
examine  the  truth  of  the  cause  in  y*  Sumer  Islands.  W*"*  Ca|>- 
tain  Butler  having  been  forewarned  of  by  some  friends  of  his  left 
his  Governem^  before  he  had  leave,  and  before  the  arrivall  of  the 
Comission:  Having  first  there  endeavoured  to  alienate  the  minds 
of  the  people  from  the  forme  of  Governem'  here.  But  he  was 
no  sooner  come  home,  &  delivered  to  his  Ma^"  The  umasking 
of  Virginia  before  spoken  of,  but  there  was  an  end  of  Don  Carlo 
Di  Colomars  prosecution.  Wee  have  related  the  particulars; 
&  make  no  application.  > 

As  for  y*  late  Comission,  w®"*  hath  suceeded  in  y*  place  of  the 
Companies  ;  if  wee  might  have  seen  the  business  seriously  taken 
into  the  Grave  cares  &  prosequuted  w""  the  Noble  paynes  of 
those  most  bono*'*  personages,  whose  names  are  inserted  in  the 
sayd  Comission :  wee  should  have  hoped  to  have  seene  some 
good  effect  befitting  their  great  &  eminent  worth.  But  whilst 
their  more  weighty  affairs  have  hindered  them  the  business  hath 
bin  principally  carried  only  by  those  persons  that  were  the  chi"efe 
opposers  of  the  late  Comp :  ffor  although  there  be  named  divers 
worthy  Gentlemen,  &  Citizens  likewise,  in  y"  Comission  :  yet  as 
wee  understand,  the  most  of  them  have  forborne  altogether  to 
appeare  at  any  meeting.  Wherefore  when  either  in  o'  wordes  or 
thoughts,  weecomplayne  of  any  proceedings  of  the  late  Comis- 
sion wee  alwayes  except  both  all  y*  persons  of  Honour  &  indif- 
ferency:  and  only  intend  those  others,  whose  stomacks  were  so 
great,  as  they  durst  undertake  the  overthrowinge  of  the  late 
Companie  ;  and  yet  their  harts  so   narrow,  as  they   have  not 

*  Coloana  ? 


DISCOURSE   OF  THE  OLD   COMPANY.  299 

dared  to  adventure  all  of  them  during  these  Nyne  moneths,  so 
far  as  wee  can  learne,  one  five  pounds  to  y"^  advancem^  or  subsis- 
tance  of  the  Plantation. 

By  the  publique  L'res  of  y®  Governour,  delivered  them  in  July 
last,  they  understood  of  y*  extreame  want  of  Powder  in  y"  Colonie: 
and  were  often  told  from  us  of  the  great  danger  that  might  ensue 
thereby :  Yet  did  they  neglect  y'  sending  of  any  in  the  shipp  or 
in  y*  second :  but  about  Christmas,  &  since  in  March  they  have 
sent  a  small  quantitie,  obteyned  by  his  late  Ma^  guifts  (as  wee 
heare)  out  of  the  Tower. 

This  did  not  y*  late  Company :  who  upon  notice  of  y**  mas- 
sacre, did  by  the  first  ship  send  42  Barrels  of  Powder  ;  for  halfe 
whereof  the  Officers  having  disturbed  the  money,  are  yet 
unsatisfied. 

Whereas  all  the  ffower  shippes  now  sent,  were  prepared  in  y* 
Comp"  tyme ;  these  last  Comissioners  callinge  in  the  Comissions 
graunted  them  by  the  late  Company,  made  them  take  new  as 
from  themselves  that  so  they  might  glory  upon  anothers  founda- 
con.  But  whilst  they  thus  hunted  after  windy  ambition,  hin- 
dringe  the  two  first  shipps  from  takinge  a  faire  winde ;  they  have 
bin  the  causes  of  all  the  lamentable  calamities  &  distresses,  w°^ 
in  so  long  voyages  must  needs  befall  them. 

The  principal  scope  of  his  late  Ma*"  comission  to  them,  as  wee 
understand  was  that  they  should  finde  a  better  forme  of  Gov- 
ernem*  for  the  Plantacons  advancement ;  and  therein  is  especially 
promised  the  conservacon  of  every  mans  right.  Intentions 
worthy  the  wisedome  &  Justice  of  so  great  a  Prince.  But  as  farr 
as  wee  can  understand  these  comissioners  have  done  nothing 
towards  either  of  these  ends :     But  quite  contrary  to  y'  second. 

By  an  unknown  contract,  w°^  themselves  will  not  so  much  as 
declare  much  less  are  able  to  defend  ;  they  have  fought  to  have 
amongst  themselves,  twice  as  much  upon  every  mans  goods,  as 
they  will  leave  to  the  Owner  thereof.  And  although  they  say 
only  three  of  them  are  Contractors  yet  wee  cannot  believe  it, 
having  observed  the  ends  of  some  of  them  for  many  years,  to 
have  constantly  bin  bent  to  the  compassinge  of  some  such  advan- 
tage, as  they  have  now  by  this  bargayne  gayned.  It  is  con- 
stantly reported  that  they  have  liberally  given  that  w**"  was  not 
their  owne,  to  those  who  have  no  right  thereto ;  as  namely  the 


300  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Colonies  kine  to  S'r  Samuell  Argoll  &  Mr.  Woodall  surgeon  to 
S'r  Thomas  Smith.  But  this  &  all  their  other  proceedings  are 
kept  in  great  secrett :  w'^''  breeds  suspicon  that  they  have  not  bin 
good  :  else  why  doe  they  fly  the  Light  ?  This  is  cleane  contrary 
to  y*  use  of  the  late  Company :  who  did  all  things  in  publique 
w^*^  was  a  cause  of  as  great  satisffacon,  as  this  of  distaste. 

And  as  in  this,  so  in  all  other  thinges  do  they  proceed  cleane  con  - 
trary  to  all  right  in  o^  understandinge.  They  publish  their 
Intention  of  employ inge  S'r  Samuell  Argoll  &  Captaine  Butler 
for  Governours  agayne  in  the  Plantations  agaynst  whome  the 
Colony  hath  professed  open  enmity.  How  they  should  make 
y*  Colony  encrease  by  these  means,  w***  will  bring  home  most  of 
them  that  are  there  allready  wee  cannot  imagine. 

Neither  are  S'r  Thomas  Smith  nor  Alderman  Johnson  fitt  or 
likely  men  to  reunite  the  late  Companie,  or  to  drawe  them  onto 
any  thing  for  y*'  Plantations  advancement,  since  as  the  whole 
world  knowes  the  late  Company  have  not  only  allwayes  con- 
ceaved  extreamly  ill  of  them  but  in  the  yeare  1623  putt  up  pub- 
liqne  accusations  agaynst  them,  of  very  dangerous  Consequence, 
As  for  y*  Colony  yo'  Lop'  have  formerly  heard  their  like 
opinions. 

Nor  cann  y*  late  Companie  conceave  Mr.  Wrote,  a  fitt  lustrum* 
to  sett  forward  the  business  ;  whome  they  thought  unworthy  to 
bee  of  their  Societie. 

Nor  that  those  who  out  of  pretence  for  New  Englands  good, 
have  truly  wronged  Virginia  should  now  runne  right  way  for  the 
behalfe  thereof.  Nor  in  sum  that  those  who  have  little  or  no 
interest  in  y*'  Plantation  should  be  so  sencible  of  it  as  were  fitt.  In 
w**"  number  wee  accompte  S'r  Nathaniell  Rich;  who  to  our 
knowledge  hath  not  adventured  any  thinge  for  the  good  thereof 
but  contrary  wise  hath  been  so  perpetuall  a  hinderer  &  disturber 
of  the  Action,  that  the  body  of  the  Company,  addressed  a 
Peticon  of  Complainte,  to  the  last  Parliament,  cravinge  justice 
against  him,  for  his  injurious  &  most  unworthy  practices. 

Nor  that  they  that  meane  not  to  adventure  anythinge,  will  be 
able  to  persuade  others  to  doe  that  w''*'  themselves  forbeare. 

Nor  that  ever  they  will  do  y®  adventurers  of  y*  late  Companie, 
right,  in  matters  of  their  Estates,  that  have  so  violently  endea- 
voured to  do  them  wrong  in  their  Honors  Reputacons,  having 


DISCOURSE   OF  THE  OLD  COMPANY.  301 

intended  as  themselves  wright,  a  Reformacon  &  correction  of 
the  Original  court  bookes  of  y*'  late  Companie  then  possessed  by 
them,  if  they  could  have  gott  into  their  hands  certayne  copies  o  f 
them  w°^  Mr.  Necholas  Ferrar  late  Deputy  at  his  owne  charges 
caused  to  be  iranscrib*.  But  before  there  severe  order  came  to 
him  he  had  delivered  his  copys  to  the  Earle  of  Southampton: 
who  sent  the  comissioners  word,  that  he  would  as  soone  part  w"" 
the  evidences  of  his  Lord,  as  w^  the  said  Copies,  being  the  evi- 
dence of  his  honour  in  that  Service:  So  by  this  meanes  have  the 
Original  Court  bookes  yet  escaped  purging :  And  w***  all  duety 
wee  humbly  beseech  yo^  Lop'  that  they  may  hereafter  be  pro- 
tected from  it:  And  that  howsover  yo^  Lop"  shall  please  for  the 
future  to  dispose  of  the  Companie,  that  the  records  of  their  past 
Actions  may  not  be  corrupted  &  falsified. 

As  for  their  resolucons  of  orderinge  the  businiss,  wee  cannot 
say  anythinge,  because  wee  heare  nothing,  and  wee  doubt  they 
meane  nothinge  ffor  all  that  wee  heare  tends  only  to  nothing. 
They  dislike  the  sending  of  nombers  of  men.  They  professe 
the  reducinge  of  all  trading  to  a  Joynt  stock  or  Magazine:  w*"* 
courses  in  o'  judgements  tend  directly  to  the  subersion  of  the 
Plantation  at  least  to  y*  appropriatinge  of  it  to  themselves  which 
to  have  bin  the  mayne  end  of  some  of  them,  y*  late  Counsell  & 
Companie  for  Virginia,  have  upon  strong  presumpcon  bin  long 
agoe  induced  to  believe:  and  therefore  have  now  thought  them- 
selves bound  to  declare  it,  that  y'  Lop'  in  yo*^  Noble  wisedomes 
may  make  such  due  prevencon  as  shall  be  fitt:  humbly  beseech- 
inge,  that  this  perticular  examinacon  of  their  Actions  &  persons, 
may  not  be  interpreted  to  proceed  from  private  spleene,  but  only 
from  a  sincere  desire  of  y^  Plantations  advancement. 

Wee  doubt  and  feare,  that  we  have  weareed  yo'  Lop'  w*^  y* 
large  relation  of  the  proceedings  of  these  men,  wee  meane  the 
partie  opposite  to  the  late  Companie  &  Colonic.  Whereby  as 
they  have  laid  all  kind  of  Disreputacon  upon  the  Action,  and 
made  that  in  y*  estimacon  of  the  world  vilde  &  contemptible, 
w"*  before  was  held  worthy,  beneficiall,  &  honourable:  so  by 
their  manifold  &  incessant  practises,  to  wrong  &  oppress,  to 
defame  &  disgrace,  by  unjust  and  unworthy  aspirsions,  &  con- 
tumelies, (and  that  by  word  &  writing  over  all  y*  kingdome)  the 
innocency  of  men  zealous  for  the  good  of  Virginia,  for  no  other 


302  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

fault  save  only  for  their  love  of  right  &  justice  ;  they  have  bredd 
a  great  disheartninge  &  discouragem'  of  many  the  most  forward 
&  most  constant  adventurers  whose  industry  also  &  labours  bin 
of  great  use  to  y**  Plantation,  All  w***  being  wearied  out  w***  their 
mallice  &  injuries  and  loath  to  spend  more  of  their  lives  in  so 
unthankfull  a  service,  are  humble  suitors  unto  yo^  Lo^,  that  they 
may  be  spared  from  all  farther  employment  in  this  Action.  And 
that  if  these  men  will  now  at  length  apply  themselves  seriously 
to  y"  busines  of  y*  Colonies  both  w'**  their  paynes  &  purses,  w*^ 
they  have  hitherto  spared  and  undertake,  (w**^  they  owe  to  his 
Ma***"  &  y*  State)  the  repairinge  those  ruynes  of  the  Plantation, 
whereof  they  have  bin  the  chiefe  cause  and  instruments :  the 
Government  thereof  may,  as  it  is,  be  continued  in  them,  giving 
fitt  securiiie  for  so  great  a  debt  &  duty.  For  wee  protest  unto 
yo'  Lo^  upon  our  truth  &  fidelitie  that  if  his  Ma*'  may  be  served, 
the  Colony  secured  &  cherished,  justice  duly  administred,  mens 
rights  &  states  preserved,  innocent  men  not  oppressed,  and 
malefactors  not  protected  &  rew,arded :  wee  shall  be  so  farr  from 
envying  the  glory  of  their  Governement,  that  extinguishinge  for 
ever  the  memory  of  all  their  former  inguries,  wee  will  be  ready 
to  doe  them  all  fitt  service  that  they  shall  require. 

By  this  w""*  hath  bin  said,  yo'  Lo**'  will  easily  perceave  that 
obedience  to  yo'  commands,  and  a  desire  that  y*  Plantation  (if 
possibly)  may  yet  subsist,  is  y®  end  of  our  labour  :  not  that  wee  in- 
tend or  have  any  enclinacon  to  encomber  ourselves,  w^  a  busines 
so  vexed  &  perplexed ;  but  only  at  what  may  bee  to  the  good  of  it, 
though  to  o^  owne  trouble.  But  if  yo^  Lo^  in  yo^  wisedomes, 
shall  not  thinke  it  fitt  to  putt  it  into  their  hands:  or  that  they  w^ 
such  caution  as  may  be  reasonably  desired,  shall  not  adventure 
or  undertake  it :  We  then  will  notwithstandinge  of  o'  duty  to 
to  his  Ma^'  and  the  state,  in  respect  of  our  ancient  &  present 
love  to  y"  Plantation  and  for  the  speciall  benefitt  that  may  suc- 
ceed to  this  Kingdome  by  such  a  place  of  seecuretie  &  retreate 
in  America  ;  (the  want  whereof,  as  by  experience  in  many  per- 
ticulars  may  be  demonstrated,  was  in  the  late  Queenes  tyme  the 
overthrow  of  most  of  o'  voyages  sett  out  for  the  West  Indies) 
for  these  reasons  wee  say,  wee  shall  endeavour  o'  best,  but  dare 
not  undertake,  to  restore  what  these  have  allmost  destroyed. 
But  yet  that,  upon  such  condicons,  as  wee  hold  most  necessary 


DISCOURSE  OF  THE   OLD   COMPANY.  303 

for  the  effecting  of  so  great  a  worke,  that  is,  some  impediments 
to  be  removed  &  some  encouragements  to  be  given  to  it. 

It  hath  bin  a  great  error  for  any  to  imagine  that  the  persons 
of  these  men,  who  have  of  late  thus  opposed  the  Companie,  were 
either  in  nomber  considerable,  or  in  adventure  to  be  valued  any 
way  at  all,  to  further  or  advance  the  prosperity  of  the  Plantation: 
but  rather  on  the  contrary,  great  impediments  to  the  faire  pro- 
ceeding of  it:  and  therefore  where  as  the  late  Companie,  have 
by  the  unjust  practises  of  divers  of  these,  and  some  of  them 
unnworthy  persons,  suffered  so  much  in  reputation  of  their 
persons  &  actions  as  well  by  private  calumny,  as  also  in  some 
publique  proceedings  agaynst  them :  Wee  shall  for  that  cause 
most  humbly  desire  that  y*  actions  &  passages  of  o'  late  Gov- 
emem'  may  be  brought  to  an  upright  examinacon  before  this 
Hono***  Board:  and  that  being  found,  as  we  assure  ourselves  they 
will,  to  have  bin  most  just,  &  ever  tending  to  y*  Plantations 
advancement  wee  may  then  have  just  reparacon  from  those  by 
whome  we  &  the  Plantation  itselfe  have  bin  so  much  wronged: 
That  the  like  dangers  may  be  hereafter  prevented  by  dis- 
couraging others  from  the  same  attempts;  and  that  wee  the  late 
Company,  being  restored  to  the  integritie  of  o'  reputacons  may 
bee  the  better  enabled  to  goe  on  w'*"  ye  Action,  for  ye  tyme  to 
come. 

Nowe  in  regard  of  the  extreame  distresse  &  poverty,  that  by 
these  late  practices  y*  Colony  is  reduced  unto;  and  by  reason  of 
y"  disability,  &  unwillingnesse  of  Adventurers  being  so  ex- 
treamely  discouraged  and  who  have  allready  wasted  a  great  part 
of  their  tyme,  and  no  small  part  of  their  estates,  in  supporting 
this  Plantation:  as  also  in  reguard  of  the  great  danger  that  may 
be  feared  from  a  forraigne  enimy:  wee  shall  most  humbly  desire, 
that  his  Ma**'  would  be  pleased,  to  yield  unto  the  Plantation, 
some  such  moderate  supply  as  after  the  late  Massacre  was  prom- 
ised in  the  last  Kings  tyme;  namely,  the  settinge  out  of  ffoure 
hundred  able  men,  at  the  voluntary  charges  of  the  severall  shiers 
of  this  Kingdome,  proportionably  to  be  rated.  And  besids,  for 
y'  present  pressing  necessitie,  to  give  us  some  such  reasonable 
proportion  of  Munition  &  powder,  as  in  reguard  of  these  tymes 
may  be  thought  convenient. 

These  difficulties  &  impediments  being  eased  or  remoded,  wee 


304  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

come  now  in  the  last  place  to  present  our  humble  opinions, 
touching  the  best  forme  of  Govemement  to  be  here  established 
for  Virginia,  wherein  wee  humbly  offi^  to  yo'  Lx>p'  consideracon, 
whither  it  may  not  seeme  requisite,  that  a  Companie  be  agayne 
erected  of  adventurers  &  Pianters  ibr  the  goveminge  &  men* ' 
aginge  of  the  aflairs  of  that  Plantation. 

In  the  wayinge  whereof,  wee  have  divided  our  thoughts  into 
these  three  branches;  If  his  Ma*^  should  be  pleased  himseife  to 
undertake  the  Plantation,  and  the  chaige  thereof  to  be  defrayed 
out  of  bis  RoyaU  Treasure,  or  otherwise  at  the  Generall  chaige 
of  the  Kingdome:  Wee  hold  it  out  of  question,  that  the  fittest 
Governement  of  the  Action,  were  by  a  select  Counsel!  of  Hono^ 
&  able  persons,  to  be  ordayned  and  oppoynted  by  his  Ma^,  as  is 
used  in  like  cases  in  some  forrayne  dominions. 

But  if  the  burden  &  charge  must  be  borne  by  the  Adventurers 
and  Planters  themselves:  Wee  hold  it  necessary  in  that  case,  that 
y^  Govern m^  thereof  be  also  comended  by  his  Ma^  to  them, 
incorporated  as  before  into  a  L^all  Companie:  yet  so,  as  to  be 
assisted  and  advised  by  a  counsell  to  be  appoynted  by  his  Ma^ 
and  bound  by  oath  unto  him ;  and  they  also  to  have  refference 
in  all  causes  of  greatest  and  extraordinary  importance,  to  his 
Ma*^'  himseife,  or  to  the  Lordes  of  his  privy  Counsell,  from 
thense  to  take  resolucon  &  direction,  as  was  formerly  instituted, 
and  in  the  latter  times  also  practised.  And  this  is  agreeable  to 
ye  comon  usage  of  the  world,  and  in  perticuler  of  this  Nation : 
experience  having  manifested,  that  men  are  difficultly  drawne  to 
adventure  any  great  matter  in  those  Actions,  in  y'  ordering  of 
w*^  they  have  no  voice  or  interest. 

For  as  for  this  late  third  way  of  Governement,  by  an  absolute 
comission,  disprovided  of  other  meanes,  save  what  should  be 
raysed  from  y*  Plantacon  experience  hath  taught  that  it  cann 
worke  no  gredt  effect,  the  hearts  of  all  the  adventurers  being 
turned  away  from  the  action  &  y'  Plant**  there,  in  great  part, 
upon  the  bare  feare  &  fore  running  rumour  of  this  comission, 
resolving  to  come  away  &  desert  the  Plantation.  Howbeit  if 
such  of  y*  comissioners  themselves,  as  formerly  enjoyed  or  par- 
taked,  &  now  affected  this  Governement,  would  have  opened 
their  owne  purses  as  was  promised  to  his  late  Ma*^  for  the  sup- 
port of  the  Plantation;  it  might  have  bin  continued  on  for  some 


DISCOURSE  OF  THE  OLD   COMPANY.  305 

longer  tyme:  Whereas  now  all  men  avoiding  to  adventure 
under  them  &  they  not  disposed  to  give  example  in  that  kind, 
but  rather  to  agitate  and  frame  contracts,  whereby  themselves 
might  growe  rich,  though  w***  the  penury  &  consumption  of  the 
General!  Plantacon  :  the  Colonie  there  doth  wast  by  hasty 
degrees,  and  will  suddaynly  come  to  .nothing  if  speedy  remedy 
be  not  provided.  Now  if  yo'  Lo^'  shall  thinke  goode  to  approve 
of  o'  humble  opinion  (w*^**  wee  in  all  duty  submit  into  y'  Lop' 
maturer  judgments)  and  that  y*^  Companie  be  re- erected  by  his 
Ma^  L'res  patients  and  under  his  great  scale,  as  it  formerly  was: 
then  doe  wee  farther  presume  to  offer  yo'  Lo^  consideracon, 
these  few  perticulers  here  ensuinge. 

First  we  hold  it  requisite;  that  this  new  Pattent  should  con- 
tayne  y*  same  priviledges  and  Libties,  the  like  orders  and  direc- 
tions, as  were  in  the  former:  yet  w'*"  this,  that  if  there  appeare  in 
y*  former  graunts,  anythinge  inconvenient  or  prejudicial!  to  his 
Ma*'',  it  be  reformed. 

Secondly  in  reguard  y*^  Colonie,  taking  all  ill  plight  at  y*  begin- 
ning, doth  still  runne  on  in  plying  only  Tobacco,  notw'^'standing 
y*  great  charges  w****  the  Companie  was  at»  in  the  tyme  of  the 
latter  Governement,  for  y*  setting  up  of  better  comodities,  as 
silke,  Wynes,  Iron,  materialls  for  shipping,  and  others :  that  his 
Ma*^'  would  be  graciously  pleased,  continuing  the  custome  upon 
Tobacco,  to  remitt  the  custome  of  all  other  comodities  for  certen 
years ;  w"""  suppose  would  be  a  matter  of  very  small  losse  to  his 
Ma***^,  aboundantly  to  be  recompenced  in  y*  years  ensuinge ;  and 
yet  a  great  means  to  drawe  the  Colony  to  those  better  courses, 
w"**  no  orders  of  the  Companie  could  yet  ever  effect:  and  like- 
wise ;  that  y*  custom"  bestrayned  from  extorting  Custome  of 
goods  transported  thither  for  mens  perticular  provisions,  and  not 
by  way  of  Merchandize,  as  the  Law  requires. 

Thirdly,  that  in  this  pattent  there  be  declared  a  nullitie  of  all 
the  proceedings  of  the  late  comissioners :  having  bin  upon  just 
cause  soe  extreamely  distastfull  both  to  the  Adventurers  and 
Planters. 

Fourthly  and  lastly  it  is  desired,  that  his  Ma***  would  be  Gra- 
ciously pleased  that  this  new  Pattent  be  confirmed  by  Act  of 
Parliament,  if  y*"  Lords  and  comons  w***  all  so  thinke  fitt.  And 
this  wee  hold  requisite  for  two  important  reasons: 


806  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

First  wee  suppose  it  will  greatly  encourage  the  Adventurers 
and  Planters  by  giving  them  assurance  of  y"  continuance  of  this 
Plantacon,  and  of  their  several!  estates  and  possessions  in  y* 
same:  the  jealously  w**"  hath  bin  bred  by  the  late  Quo  Warranto, 
being  not  otherwise  possibly  to  be  removed.  And  this  encour- 
agement would  be  greatly  encreased,  if  by  his  Ma^  Royal  au- 
thorities w*^  consent  of  Parliament,  both  Plantacons  might  be 
annexed  to  y^  Imperial  Crowne  of  this  Realms;  according  unto 
y*  comendable  pollicie  of  some  other  great  kingdomes. 

Secondly  by  meanes  of  this  act,  the  New  Company  may  be 
inabled  to  recover  y*  Debts  due  to  y*  former  Company,  either 
upon  accompt  or  otherwise;  as  also  to  have  restitucon  by  a  legall 
course;  for  the  great  depredacons  done  upon  y*  Colonie.  A 
matter  tending  greatly  to  the  support  of  y'  Plantation,  as  also  to 
y*  reestablishing  of  y*  good  Goverment  of  y*^  same.  And  this 
is  our  humble  answeare  unto  your  Lo^  first  proposicon. 

For  the  second  consideracon  lefte  unto  us  by  y'  Lo**  namely 
concerning  an  offer  to  be  made  for  such  a  contract  touchinge 
Tobacco,  w'*"  his  Ma***,  as  may  both  uphould  his  Revenue,  and 
not  bee  grievous  to  the  Plantations  wee  say  this.  That  unless  in 
yo'  lor***"  wisedomes  those  conditions  by  us  formerly  proupounded 
be  yeilded  unto,  wee  cannot  treate  of  this  busines ;  for  wee  come 
not  as  Contractors  to  make  a  bargaine  for  our  owne  private  lucre, 
but  w'*"  an  ey[e]  only  to  the  publique  benefitt  of  the  Plantations, 
as  farr  as  it  may  be  without  prejudice  of  his  Ma"  profiitt ;  w***out 
any  reservation  of  secretts,  as  in  the  last  Contract  were  pretended: 
ffor  in  a  publique  bargaine,  betwixt  his  Ma^^  and  his  people,  the 
most  cleere,  publique,  and  direct  proceedings  will  ever  receive 
the  best  interpretation. 

Wee  cannot  m  our  understandinge  conceive  that  any  proffer 
though  never  soe  greate,  cann  be  for  his  Ma****  advantage,  but 
rather  the  contrary,  if  it  is  so  presse  uppon  the  Plantation,  that 
the  Planter  shall  not  be  able  to  live  with  comfort  by  his  labour ; 
and  so  others  be  discouraged  from  further  proceedings.  A 
greate  revenue  peradventure  mayd  be  raysed  for  a  yeare  or  two, 
but  if  the  Plantation  decaye  the  revenue  cannot  last.  And  thus 
it  had  beene,  if  last  contract  had  gon  on  ;  though  the  immense 
gayne  had  come  to  the  contractors  themselves  and  not  to  his 
Ma***.     But  nowe  for  ourselves,  it  is  true,  a  contract  was  formerly 


DISCOURSE  OF  THE  OLD   COMPANY.  307 

treated  of  betwixt  the  Company,  and  the  Earle  of  Middlesex,  but 
as  hath  been  before  read  unto  yo'  lor**"^  though  it  were  then 
extreame  hard  yett  itt  is  nowe  impossible,  by  reason  of  the  worst 
case  the  Plantation  stands  in  nowe,  then  it  did  then,  principally 
occasioned  by  the  discouradgements  given  to  the  Company. 
Wee  acknowledge  unto  yo'  lor^^",  the  banishinge  of  all  Spanish 
Tobacco,  will  much  redonnd  to  the  Plantations  benifitt,  and  his 
Ma**  loss,  but  withall,  wee  conceave  that  if  there  were  no  Tobacco 
in  neither  of  their  Plantations,  it  were  better  for  his  Ma'^  to  loose 
seaven  or  eight  thousand  pound  a  year  Custome,  by  the  not 
importation  of  Spanish  Tobacco  then  to  hinder  importation  of 
10,000  ;^  a  year  in  money  w®**  this  comodity  did,  as  was  cleerely 
manifested  to  the  two  last  Parliaments. 

However  wee  intend  not  uppon  the  condicons  in  the  former 
paper  mentioned ;  to  make  a  meane  and  contemptible  oflfer  to  his 
Ma***  but  such  a  one,  as  wee  conceive  in  truth  for  the  King's 
proffit,  to  befall  as  large,  and  more  certayne  then  this  last ;  and 
more  then  at  any  tyme  really  came  into  the  Exchequer  by  this 
comoditie.  Profferinge  soe  much,  as  wee  think  the  Plantacons 
can  possibly  beare,  and  subsist  and  goinge  as  high  nowe  at  first, 
as  wee  shall  ever  bee  drawne  to  yield  unto.  And  doubt  not,  but 
that  yieldinge  unto  his  Ma*'  after  the  first  yeare,  10,000  £  cer- 
tayne, and  3,000  £^  a  year  more  by  custome,  in  all  13,000  £  per 
Anum,  it  will  be  thought  more  then  sufficient  from  these  nowe 
languishinge  Plantations,  ffor  in  this  bargaine  the  Summer  Hands 
as  well  as  Virginia  are  understood  to  be  comprehended.  And 
so  wee  are  confident,  that  wee  have  given  yo"  Lor****  full  satisfac- 
tion, to  this  second  proposition,  namely,  concerninge  the  offer 
for  such  a  contract  to  be  made  w**"  his  Ma***  touchinge  Tobacco, 
as  maye  both  uphould  his  former  revenue,  and  not  be  grievous 
to  the  Plantations.     The  perticulers  foUowe. 

That  the  sole  Importation  of  Tobacco,  into  the  Realmes  of 
England  and  Ireland,  be  grannted  by  his  Ma*"  Letters  Pattents 
under  his  greate  scale,  to  the  Companies  for  Virginia  and  the 
Sumer  Hands. 

That  his  Ma***  by  Proclamation  inhibite  all  others  under  payne 
of  confiscation  of  their  Tobacco,  and  his  Ma**  highe  displeasure. 

That  likewise  the    plantinge  of  Tobacco    in   England   and 


308  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Ireland  be  forbidden  by  the  saide  Proclamation  under  a  grievous 
penalty. 

In  consideracon  whereof  the  Adventurers,  and  Planters  of  both 
collonies  will  be  content,  that  a  fourth  parte  of  their  Tobacco 
(w^**  shall  yearely  come  home)  shall  be  sett  aside  and  soald  for 
publique  uses,  and  out  of  y*  proceed  thereof  shall  be. 

First,  payd  and  discharged  the  custome  due  uppon  the  whole 
Quantitie  (w^*"  shall  be  brought  home)  w**  Custome,  shal  be  after 
the  rate  of  III"*  p.  pound,  as  nowe  it  is  rated  and  wi)  be  y®  full 
custome  that  can  be  requyred  'although  the  Tobacco  should  be 
sould  after  the  rate  of  6"  p.  pound. 

Secondly,  out  of  the  proceed  of  the  saide  fourth  parte,  there 
shal  be  farther  yearely  payd  unto  his  Ma'^  by  waye  of  thankfull 
retribution  for  his  gratious  favors,  10,000  jQ. 

The  whole  remaynder  of  the  proceed  of  this  fourth  parte  of 
Tobacco,  shal  be  ffirst  for  the  defraringe  of  the  chardges  of 
menadginge  and  ordringe  this  contract:  accordinge  as  the  com- 
pany shall  thinck  good  to  proportion  itt.  And  the  surplus, 
whatever  it  bee  shall  be  bestowed  (in  such  manner  as  the  com- 
panies shall  finde  most  fitt)  for  the  supporte  &  advancement  of 
the  Plantations.  And  because  it  is  doubted,  that  in  regard  of 
many  difficulties,  w'''*  are  alwaies  in  the  settlinge  of  newe  bussi- 
nesses,  the  proceed  of  the  fourth  parte,  for  y*  first  >eare  may 
not  amount  to  soe  much  as  the  proporcons  above.  It  is  there- 
fore desired,  that  for  y'  first  yeare  his  Ma*'*  would  be  gratiously 
to  allowe  out  of  y*  proceed  of  y*  saide  fourth  parte. 

First  as  much  as  shall  defray e  the  custome  there  6ooO;^  more 
towards  the  uses  above  expressed,  and  then  to  accept  of  the  re- 
mayder  that  shall  be,  although  it  should  not  prove  loooo^.  But 
in  case  it  should  prove  more  his  Matie  to  have  only  loooo;^  and 
y'  rest  to  be  bestowed  as  is  afore  expressed. 

That  the  Tobacco  to  be  brought  in  be  consigned  in  one  hand, 
viz'  of  such  Officers  as  y*  saide  company  shall  appoynt.  And 
that  the  said  Company  have  the  sole  mendging  of  the  said  sale 
of  Tobaccoe. 

That  the  Adventurers  of  each  Plantation  shall  not  be  bound 
to  bring  in  any  greate  Quantities  of  Tobacco  then  themselves 
shall  thinck  good. 


DISCOURSE  OF   THE  OLD   COMPANY.  309 

It  is  lykewise  desired  that  for  recovery  of  all  such  debts  as 
shall  from  tyme  to  tyme  growe  due  to  y*  Companies  by  occasion 
of  this  Contract,  the  saide  debts  may  be  assigned  over  unto  the 
Kinge,  when  &  soe  often  as -need  shall  require. 

They  likewise  desire  that  there  may  be  inserted  in  the  con- 
tract a  Graunt  &  Covenaunte  from  his  Ma^*"  against  the  graunt- 
inge  of  lycences  to  Retaylers  of  Tobacco:  soe  that  y*"  sale 
thereof  may  remayne  free  as  hitherto  it  hath  done. 

That  his  Ma***  be  pleased  to  take  a  strickt  course  for  the  pre- 
ventinge  of  all  undue  bringinge  in  of  Tobacco  by  other  meanes. 

That  all  confiscations  and  other  penalties  uppon  this  Contract 
be  devided  into  three  parts:  The  one  parte  to  his  Ma*^  use,  the 
other  to  y*  Companies,  the  third  to  the  Informers. 


310  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL  MAGAZINE. 

Abstracts  of  Virfi^lnia  Land  Patents. 
Prepared  by  W.  G.  Stanard. 

(38}  Mary  Bouldin,  an  Antient  planter,  the  wife  of  Thomas  Bouldin, 
(for  her  first  personal  dividend),  100  acres  about  a  mile  and  a  half  from 
Southamption  river,  in  the  Corporation  of  Elizabeth  City ;  abutting 
southward  upon  a  creek  called  Deep  Creek,  and  eastward  upon  South- 
ampton river.    Granted  by  Wyatt,  January  12,  1624. 

'  (39)  Thomas  Bouldin  [i]  of  Elizabeth  City,  yeoman,  an  Antient 
planter  (for  his  first  personal  dividend)  200  acres  about  a  mile  and  a 
half  from  the  river,  abutting  eastward  upon  said  river,  and  adjoining  the 
land  of  his  wife  Mary.  Due  100  acres  in  his  own  personal  right,  and 
100  acres  in  the  right  of  one  Richard  Birchett,  an  old  planter,  who  sold 
his  right  to  said  Thos.  Bouldin  by  deed  January  19,  1619.  Granted  by 
Wyatt  January  20,  1624. 

'^  NOTE. 

[i]  The  *' muster'*  of  Thomas  Bouldin.  of  Elizabeth  City,  i624-'5i 
included  himself,  aged  40  years,  who  came  in  the  Swan^  in  1610 ;  and 
Wm.  Bouldin,  born  in  Virginia.    {HotUh's  Emigrants,) 

\  (40)  Peter  Arundel  [i]  of  Buck  Roe  [2],  in  the  Corporation  of 
Elizabeth  City,  gentleman,  (as  his  first  dividend),  200  acres  in  the  said 
Corporation,  upon  the  back  river — leading  towards  the  head  of  South- 
ampton river,  and  bordering  on  a  small  creek  parting  it  from  the  land 
of  Bartholomew  Hoskins — which  land  he  claims  for  two  shares  as  part 
of  a  bill  of  adventure  [3]  for  287  pounds,  ten  shilling,  bearing  date  the 
7th  October,  1617.  and  signed,  David  Watkins,  Cashier  [4].  Granted 
by  Wyatt  Nov.  8,  1624.  > 

^l  NOTES. 

fi]  P^ter  Arundel,  or  Erondelle,  a  native  of  Normandy,  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Virginia  Company,  and  a  French  teacher  in  London ;  pub- 
lished several  books  (Brown^s  Genesis)^  and  came  to  Virginia  in  the 
Abigail  in  1620.  In  February,  i623-'4,  Peter,  John,  Elizabeth,  and  Mar- 
garet Arundei  were  living  at  Buck  Roe ;  but  the  father,  Peter,  soon 
died,  and  from  the  census  of  i623-'4,  it  appears  that  the  children  were 
cared  for  in  various  families.  The  son  John,  born  in  1602,  who  came 
in  the  Abigail^  was  living  in  the  family  of  Wm.  Hampton,  of  Elizabeth 
City ;  and  Margaret,  aged  nine  years,  who  also  came  in  the  Abigail* 
was  living  in  the  family  of  Humfrey  Kent,  at  Persey's  Hundred  [HoUen.) 
The  son  John  Arundell,  gent.,  was  appointed  a  commissioner  (justice) 
of  Elizabeth  City  in  February,  163 1-' 2,  and  September,  1632,  and  was 
member  of  the  House  of  Burgesses  for  "  the  lower  parts  of  Elizabeth 
City,''  February,  i632-'3. 


ABSTRACTS   OF   VIRGINIA   LAND   PATENTS.  311 

[2]  Buck  Roe  appears  to  have  been  at  this  date  the  name  of  a  sec- 
tion of  country  which  contained  a  number  of  different  planters ;  but 
later,  as  was  frequently  the  case,  the  name  became  confined  to  a  single 
plantation.  The  house  at  Buck  Roe  has  recently  been  a  well-known 
summer  resort. 

[3]  A  "  bill  of  adventure,"  was  stock  in  the  Virginia  Company. 

[4]  Doubtless  the  cashier  of  the  Virginia  Company. 


(41)  Bartholomew  Hoskins  [i],  of  Buck  Roe,  in  the  Corporation 
of  Elizabeth  City,  an  antient  planter  who  came  into  this  Country  before 
the  departure  of  Sir  Thomas  Dale,  (as  his  first  dividend)  100  acres  due 
him  as  his  personal  adventure — said  land  being  on  back  river  in  the 
Corporation  of  Elizabeth  City,  abutting  northward  on  said  river,  and 
westward  upon  a  creek  that  divides  said  land  from  that  of  Peter 
Arundel,  gent.    Granted  by  Wyatt,  Nov.  3d,  1624. 

NOTE. 

[i]  Bartholomew  Hoskins,  aged  35  years,  came  to  Virginia  in  the 
Safety  in  1635  {HoUen.)  As  he  was  here  in  Dale's  time,  this  must  have 
been  on  a  return  from  a  visit  to  England.  He  was  a  vestryman  of 
Lynhaven  parish  in  1640,  and  member  of  the  House  of  Burgesses  for 
Lower  Norfolk,  October,  1649,  March,  i65i-*2,  and  November,  1654. 
(Hening.) 

There  is  recorded  in  Lancaster  a  deed,  dated  October  13th,  1655, 
from  '*  Bartholomew  Hoskins,  of  Elizabeth  River  in  the  County  of 
Lower  Norfolk,  planter,"  conveying  to  John  Greene,  of  London,  mer- 
chant, 600  acres  on  the  south  side  of  Rappahannock  river. 
r^  (42)  John  Sipsey  [i],  of  Kiccoughtan  [2],  yeoman,  (for  his  first 
dividend)  250  acres  on  the  south  side  of  the  river,  over  against  Kic- 
coughtan ;  adjoining  the  lands  of  Captain  William  Tucker,  and  Lieu- 
tenant John  Cheeseman ;  said  land  due  for  the  transportation  out  of  Eng- 
land of  five  servants  (viz,)  Richard  PuUipen  who  came  from  New- 
foundland in  the  Elizabeth  in  162 1 ;  John  Locke,  in  the  Warwick  1621 ; 
Robert  Morgan  in  the  Flying  Hart,  162 1,  and  William  Thompson  and 
John  Edwards,  both  in  the  Southampton^  1622.  Granted  by  Wyatt 
September  2d,  1624.  , 

"^  NOTES. 

[i]  John  Sipsey  was  a  member  of  the  House  of  Burgesses  from  the 
upper  parish  of  Elizabeth  City,  September  1632,  and  February,  1632- '3, 
and  was  appointed  to  the  Council  1636- '7. 

[2]  Kiccoughtan  was  the  Indian  name  of  the  present  Hampton,  and 
was  in  common  use  until  the  end  of  the  seventeenth  century. 

r"  (43)  John  Cheeseman  li],  of  Kiccoughtan,  gent.,  (for  his  first  divi- 
dend), 200  acres  on  the  south  side  of  the  river  over  against  Kiccough- 
tan, and  abutting  north  on  the  land — said  land  due  for  transportation 


812  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAi.   MAGAZINE. 

out  of  England  of  four  persons  (vizt.)  Thomas  Fuller,  Inocent  Power, 
Peter  Dickinson,  and  Cuthbert  Brookes,  who  all  came  in  the  South" 
ampton  in  1622.    Granted  by  Wyatt  Sept.  2d,  1624.  • 

NOTE. 

[i]  John  Cheeseman,  born  1597,  came  to  Virginia  in  1621 ;  was  a 
Justice  of  York  1635 ;  a  member  of  the  House  of  Burgesses  for  York  io 
i642-'3  (then  entitled  captain),  and  was  appointed  to  the  Council  in 
1652,  when  he  held  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel.  In  i623-'4  Thomas 
Cheeseman,  and  Edmund  Cheeseman  (t>orn  1602,  and  came  to  Virginia 
in  1623)  were  living  with  the  before- named  John  Cheeseman.  This 
Colonel  John  Cheeseman,  of  the  Council,  married  Margaret  — ,  and  re- 
turned to  England  before  1661,  as  in  that  year,  it  appears  from  the 
York  records,  he  was  a  resident  of  the  parish  of  St.  Mary  Magdalen, 
Bermondsea,  Surrey.  His  brother,  Edmund  Cheeseman,  (named 
above)  married  Mary  — ,  was  a  justice  of  York  in  1652,  and  died  in  1673 
when  his  will  was  proved)  leaving  issue:  I.  Thomas.  II.  Major  Ed- 
mond,  who  took  part  in  Bacon's  Rebellion,  and  died  in  prison.  III. 
Jane.  IV.  Mary — married— Custis.  A  sketch  of  Major  Edmund  Cheese- 
man and  an  account  of  the  Cheeseman  family  (or  Chisman  as  it  is  now 
spelt)  was  published  in  the  William  and  Mary  Quarterly,  October,  1892, 
and  in  a  note  July,  1893,  p.  9. 
P  (44)  Captain  William  Epks  [i],  of  Accomac,  450  acres,  on  the 
Eastern  Shore  of  the  Bay  of  Chesopeacke  lying  on  King's  Creek  near 
unto  the  plantation  of  Accomac,  adjoining  the  land  belonging  to  the 
place  of  Secretary.  Head  rights :  Wm.  Gouls,  Wm.  Galloway,  Ed- 
ward Rogers  and  Thomas  Warden,  who  came  in  the  Anne  1623. 
Nicholas  Raynbeard,  who  came  in  the  Swan^  and  Henry  Carter,  who 
came  in  the  James  1624  and  Richard  Reeve  and  John  Robbins,  who 
came  in  the  Return,  1625.  Granted  by  Sir  George  Yeardley  Feb.  3d, 
1626  / 

^  NOTE. 

[i]  Captain  William  Epes  came  to  Virginia  before  1619,  and  in  that 
year  killed  Captain  Stallenge  in  a  *'  private  quarrel."  In  the  year  1623 
he,  Mrs.  Epes,  and  Peter  Epes  were  living  on  the  Eastern  Shore. 

(45)  Lieutenant  Gilbert  Peppet  [i],  250  acres  (as  his  first  dividend) 
on  the  south  side  of  Warwick  river,  abutting  easterly  towards  the  mouth 
of  said  river,  on  a  creek  parting  it  from  the  land  of  Captain  Samuel 
Matthews  (now  in  the  occupation  of  Thomas  Howell  and  NathafSiel 
Floyd),  [2]  westerly  upon  the  land  of  Robert  Poole,  and  southerly 
into  the  woods  towards  the  main  river  between  Colston's  Island  and 
Cedar  Island.  Said  land  due  him  for  the  transportation  of  five  persons 
into  this  colony  (vizt.),  100  acres  for  John  Howes  and  Edward  Parry, 
who  came  in  the  Neptune  in  16 18,  at  the  charges  of  the  said  Captain 
Samuel  Matthews,  who  in  open  court  at  James  Ciiy  assigned  them  to 


ABSTRACTS    OF   VIRGINIA    LAND    PATENTS.  313 

said  Peppet ;  50  acres  for  Alice,  his  wife,  who  came  in  the  Jonathan  in 
1 619,  for  whose  passage  Sir  Geo.  Yeardley  is  satisfied;  and  100 
acres  for  Richard  Evans,  who  came  from  Newfoundland  in  the 
Temperance  1619,  and  Wm.  Proarse,  who  came  in  the  Temperance 
1624.    Granted  by  Yeardley,  August  18,  1627. 

NOTES. 

[i]  Lieutenant  Gilbert  Peppet  was  a  member  of  the  House  of  Bur- 
gesses in  1625.     {Sainsbury  Abstracts, ) 

[2]  Nathaniel  Floyd,  aged  24  years,  came  in  the  Nova  and  was  in 
i623-'4,  included  in  Edward  Blayney's  *'  muster "  over  the  water 
opposite  James  City. 

(46)  William  Clavbourne,  [i]  of  James  City,  Gent.,  (for  his  first 
dividend)  150  acres  on  the  West  side  of  Southampton  river,  in  the  Cor- 
poration of  Elizabeth  City ;  divided  into  two  parcels  (vizt.;  50  acres 
adjoining  the  lands  of  John  Gunnery  and  William  Lansden ;  and  100 
acres  adjoining  the  other  side  of  said  Lansden's  land,  and  that  of  Wm. 
Capps.  Due  for  the  transportation  from  England  of  three  servants 
(vizt.)  William  Harris,  who  came  in  the  George  1621,  and  William  Mor- 
ris and  Jon.  Pipps  who  came  in  the  Tyger  1621.  '  Granted  by  Wyatt, 
June  3d,  1624. 

NOTE. 

[i]  The  ancient  family  from  which  the  patentee  descended  derived 
its  name  from  the  Manor  of  Cleburne,  or  Cliborne,  in  Westmoreland,  ^ 
near  the  river  Eden.    The  Manor  is  named  in  Doomsday  Book  (A.  D. 
1086),  and  the  family  was  for  many  generations  lords  of  this  place,  and 
of  Bampton,  Candale,  and  Kyne. 

The  first  of  the  line  appearing  in  the  pedigrees  is  Herve,^  to  whom 
Henry  II.  granted  a  moiety  of  the  Manor  of  Cliborne,  and  who  was 
father  of  Alanus'  de  Cliborne  (A.  D.  1216),  father  of  Hervens,'  father  of 
JeofFrey  *  Fitz  Hervey,  who  had  issue :  Thomas  *  (whose  daughter  Alice 
married  John  Wray,  of  Richmond,  County  York),  and  Robert*  de  Cle- 
borne  (A.  D  1336),  Knight  of  the  Shire,  (M.  P.)  for  Westmoreland  1384, 
who  married  Margaret  de  Cundale,  and  had  issue:  John'  de  Clyborne 
(A.  D.  1380),  father  of  Roland^  Cleburne  (A.  D.  1423),  father  of  John • 
de  Cleburne,  who  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Thomas  Curwen,  of 
Workington  Hall,  Cumberland  (a  descendent  of  Malcolm  II.,  King  of 
Scotland),  and  dying  August  4th,  1489.  left  a  son,  Thomas  •  Cleborne 
(A.  D.  1521),  who  had  issue:  I.  Nicholas";  II.  Robert*'  (A.  D  1531), 
who  married  Eleanor,  daughter  and  co-heiress  of  Geo.  Kirkbride,  of 
Kirkbride,  and  had:  I.  Eleanor,"  married  Richard  Kirkbryd;  II.  Ed- 
mund "  Claborne  (A.  D.  1540),  married  a  daughter  of  Layton,  of  Dol- 
maine,  county  Cumberland.  This  Edmund  "  and  ( — )  Layton  Claborne 
had  issue:  IV.  Thomas";  III   John";  II.  William";  I.  Richard "Cle- 


314  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

burne  (A.  D.  1553),  married  Elenor  Lancaster^  of  Stockbridge  and  Bar- 
ton, county  Westmoreland,  and  had  issue:  VII.  Gerard,"  VI.  Barbara,** 
V.  Elenor,"  IV.  Jane,"  III.  Emma,"  II.  Agnes,"  'I.  Edmund,"  of 
Killerby,  Yorkshire,  and  of  Cleburne  Hall,  (A.  D.  1585),  married  Grace, 
daughter  of  Sir  Alan  Bellingham,  of  Levins,  Westmoreland.  Edmund 
and  Grace  (Bellingham)  Cleburne  had  issue:  I.  Thomas,"  of  Cleburne, 
(A.  D.  1602),  married  Agnes,  daughter  of  Sir  Richard  Lowther,  of  Low- 
ther,  Westmoreland,  (and  had  Edmund,^^  who  married  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  Sir  Timothy  Hutton,  of  Maske;  Anne,"  Grace,"  William,'* 
of  Ballyculitan,  Ireland,  died  1683;  and  Richard");  II.  Robert";  III. 
William^^^  who  settled  in  Virginia. 

Cleburne  Hall,  Westmoreland,  parts  of  which  still  remain,  was  built 
by  Richard  Cleburne  in  1567,  on  the  site  of  the  old  Castle,  or  "  peel,** 
of  Cleburne.  An  inscription  over  the  entrance  still  gives  the  name  of 
the  builder  and  the  date.  Views  of  the  part  of  the  house  still  standing, 
and  of  Cleburne  Church,  are  given  in  the  Magazine  of  American  His- 
tory, X,  83,  &c.  In  the  church  are  now  memorial  tablets  to  Wm.  Clai- 
bone,  the  emigrant  to  Virginia,  and  of  General  Patrick  R.  Cleburne,  C. 
S.  A.,  who  was  of  the  Irish  branch. 

William  "  Claiborne  was  borne  about  1587,  and  is  first  noticed  in 
June,  1621,  when  the  Virginia  Company  engaged  him  to  go  to  Virginia 
as  a  (or  rather  the)  surveyor,  with  a  salary  oi.£yi  a  year,  and  a  house. 
He  probably  was  also  to  receive  fees.  He  came  to  Virginia  with  Gov- 
ernor Wyatt  in  the  same  year  (162 1).  In  1625  Gov.  Yeardley  appointed 
him  Secretary  of  State  for  the  Colony  and  member  of  the  Council;  and 
he  held  the  latter  place  in  1627  {Hening,  I,  144,)  1629  {Ibid.  136),  i63i-'2 
Ibid,  153),  1632  (Ibid.  178),  1633  {Ibid.  202),  1644- *5  (Ibid.  288),  1652 
{Ibid.  271)*  1655  {Ibid.  408),  1658  {Ibid:  ^^2),  1659  {Ibid.  512),  and  1660 
{Ibid.  526).  Rich'd  Kemp  was  appointed  Secretary  in  1637,  and  after 
him  Richard  Lee;  but  in  April,  1652,  the  House  of  Burgesses  restored 
Claibone  to  the  place,  which  he  held  until  the  Restoration.  On  April 
6th,  1642,  the  King  appointed  him  Treasurer  of  Virginia  for  life— how 
long  he  held  this  office  does  not  appear. 

In  1629  he  commanded  an  expedition  against  the  Indians,  which  de- 
feated them,  under  their  King  Candiack,  near  the  present  West  Point, 
and  he  led  another  force  against  them  in  1644,  as  in  a  grant  to  him  in 
— —  for  5,000  acres  on  the  north  side  of  Pamunkey  river, the  land  is 
described  as  "running  westerly  to  a  point  of  Land  where  the  said 
Coll.  Claybourne  landed  the  Army  under  his  command,  Anno  1644.*' 
There  is  also  a  grant  to  Rich*d  Lee  in  1648,  in  which  the  land,  '*  about 
six  or  seven  miles  up  the  narows  of  Chickahominy  river  als.  York  or 
Pamunkey,"  is  stated  to  be  a  neck  '*  where  the  foot  Company  met  w*th 
the  Boats  when  they  went  Pamunkey  march  under  ye  Comand  of  Capt. 
William  Claiborne.**  He  was  appointed  a  justice  and  of  the  quorum 
of  Accomac  county  February,  i63i-'2,  was  a  justice  of  York  1633,  and 


ABSTRACTS  OF  VIRGINIA   LAND   PATENTS.  315 

of  Northumberland  in  1653.    He  probably  lived  much  in  the  latter 
county  during  his  contest  with  Maryland. 

In  163 1  Claiborne  made  a  tradinj^  settlement  on  Kent  Island  in  the 
Chesapeake,  and  was  associated  in  business  with  various  persons  in 
London ;  but  as  the  proprietors  of  Maryland  claimed  that  the  island 
was  included  in  their  grant,  a  long  struggle  followed,  -in  which  force 
was  used  on  both  sides.  Several  of  Claiborne's  men  were  killed  and 
captured,  two  of  his  vessels  were  taken,  and  he  was  expelled  from  the 
island,  incurring  a  heavy  loss.  But  on  September  26,  165 1,  he  was  ap- 
pointed one  of  the  parliamentary  commissioners  to  subdue  Virginia 
and  Maryland,  and  in  the  next  year  expelled  Lord  Baltimore's  Gover- 
nor, and  obtained  control  after  a  dispute  of  twenty  years.  In  1654  the 
Claiborne  party  totally  defeated  the  Baltimore  party,  led  by  Governor 
Stone  (who  had  again  resisted)  and  remained  in  undisputed  control 
until  Baltimore  had  made  his  peace  with  the  Parliament  in  1658,  when 
Claiborne  disappears  from  active  participation  in  Maryland  affairs.  As 
late  as  1675,  he  petitioned  the  King  for  redress  for  the  many  losses  and 
injuries  he  had  received  from  the  Calverts,  but  without  avail.  In  the 
Northampton  records,  April  1653,  is  an  order  referring  to  the  * 'Worshipful 
Coll.  Wm.  Claiborne,  Esq.,  Deputy  Governor  " — an  office  which  has  not 
been  elsewhere  noticed  ;  but  to  which  he  must  have  been  appointed  in 
Bennett's  administration.  In  the  English  State  Paper  office  are  many 
documents  relating  to  the  long  controversy  over  Kent  Island.  Wil- 
liam Claiborne  is  said  to  have  died  about  1677.  Modern  investigation 
has  removed  the  stigma  of  ** rebel,"  "evil  genius  of  Maryland,"  &c., 
&c.,  and  shows  that  his  long  and  active  career  was  instead  worthy  of 
admiration. 

William  Claiborne  has  been  the  subject  of  several  biographical 
sketches.  Rev.  S.  F.  Streeter  left  a  MMS  **  Life  and  Colonial  Times  of 
William  Claiborne,"  which  has  been  the  basis  of  a  paper  on  the  subject 
by  Mr.  J.  M.  Allen,  in  New.  Eng.  Hist,  and  Gen,  Reg.  xxvii,  125-135. 
And  in  the  Magazine  of  American  History  x,  83-100,  is  an  article 
on  the  Claiborne,  and  the  Claiborne  family,  by  the  late  John 
Esten  Cooke,  which  contains  a  number  of  interesting  portraits, 
views,  engravings  of  seals,  arms,  &c.  It  appears,  however,  to 
to  the  writer  exceedingly  doubtful  whether  the  portrait  of  W. 
Claiborne,  the  immigrant,  there  given,  is  authentic.  A  gentleman, 
who  may  be  considered  the  highest  authority  on  the  history  of 
the  family,  writes  that  he  has  been  told  that  the  portrait  given  in  the 
article  here  referred  to,  was  from  a  copy  in  India  ink,  made  a  number  of 
years  before  from  an  original  oil  portrait ;  but  that  he  does  not  know, 
and  has  never  heard  where  such  original  portrait  is.  Therefore  it  may 
be  safe  to  consider  the  portrait  given  in  the  Magazine  of  American 
History  doubtful,  until  the  present,  or  former  existence  of  such  original 
shall  be  proved. 


816  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL    MAGAZINE. 

It  has  been  several  times  stated  in  print  that  William  Claiborne  mar- 
ried in  London  (in  1638  some  are  even  particular  enough  to  state)  Jane 
Buller,  but  this  may  also  be  considered  doubtful.  In  November  1647, 
a  grant  of  700  acres  in  the  corporation  of  Elizabeth  City,  was  made  to 
**  Elizabeth  Claiborne,  the  wife  of  Captain  William  Claiborne,  Esqr., 
his  Majesties  Treasurer  of  this  Colony  of  Virginia."  for  the  transporta- 
tion of  fourteen  persons,  whose  rights  had  been  assigned  to  her  by  her 
husband  in  nature  of  a  dower,  according  to  an  order  of  court  June  11, 
1644.  It  is,  of  course,  possible  that  Col.  William  Claiborne  married 
twice.  If  he  married  Elizabeth  about  the  time  that  the  dower  was 
given,  in  1644,  she  could  hardly  have  been  the  mother  of  the  eldest 
son,  who  as  ** Captain  William  Claiborne"  received  a  grant  in  1657. 
Contrary  to  what  has  been  frequently  stated,  infants  could,  and  fre- 
quently did  receive  grants,  but  they  were  not  captains  of  militia  in 
boyhood.  The  tradition  that  Col.  Claiborne  married  a  Buller  can  per- 
haps be  accounted  for  by  a  statement  in  a  letter  from  Governor 
Leonard  Calvert  to  his  brother,  Lord  Baltimore,  written  in  1638  (to  W. 
H.  Browne's  **  George  and  Cecilius  Calvert^^'  p.  68,  &c.)  in  which  he 
says  that  on  Kent  Island  John  Boteler,  or  Butler  (he  writes  the  name 
in  each  way),  William  Claiborne's  brother-in-law,  was  at  first  disposed 
to  resist  the  Maryland  authorities,  but  afterwards  submitted.  Mr. 
Browne  says  that  Boteler  was  appointed  by  Calvert  commander  of  the 
militia  of  Kent  Island,  and  held  various  offices  of  trust  in  the  colony 
until  his  death  in  1642. 

It  appears  from  'Holten's  **  Emigrants^^  that  in  1626  William  Clai- 
borne owned  200  acres  at  Archer's  Hope,  500  at  Blunt  Point,  and  150  at 
Elizabeth  City. 

The  following  grants  to  him  appear  in  the  Virginia  Land  Records : 
(i)  Coll.  William  Claiborne,  Esqr.,  5,000  acres  between  the  Great  and 
Little  Wicomico  rivers,  Northumberland  county,  Jan.  5,  1652 ;  (2)  Coll. 
Wm.  Claiborne,  5,000  acres  on  the  north  side  of  Pamunkey  at  a  creek 
called  Tanks  Madoquine  '*  running  westerly  to  a  point  of  Land  where 
the  said  Coll.  Claiborne  landed  the  army  under  his  command  in  Anno 
1644,  and  bounded  on  the  west  by  Cohoake  Creek ;  (3)  Coll.  William 
Claiborne,  Secretary  of  State,  750  acres  in  Northumberland  Co.;  (4)  Col. 
William  Claiborne.  1,600  acres  adjoining  his  plantation  of  Romangock, 
on  the  south  side  of  York  river ;  over  against  the  land  of  Francis  Bur- 
well  (and  others) — 500  acres  of  this  is  marsh  land,  commonly  called  Co- 
hoke;  Dec.  24,  1657. 

I.  William"  Claiborne  had  issue;  2.  William'^^\  3.  Thofiuis'^^\  4. 
Leonord  '^  who  settled  in  Jamaica,  W.  I.,  and  died  there  in  1694.  He 
married  Martha — ,  and  left  two  daughters  (a)  Katherine*^  who  died  in 
17151  aged  34  years,  wife  of  Hon.  John  Campbell,  of  Inverary,  Argyle- 
shire  (of  the  family  of  Auchenbrack),  and  (b)  Elizabeth  ^•,  (information  of 
Dr.  Cleborne  U.  S.  N.)    Mr.  Leonard  Claiborne  had  a  grant  of  3,000 


ABSTRACTS   OF   VIRGINIA   LAND   PATENTS.  317 

acres  on  the  Mattopony,  April  ist,  1672  granted  ;  5.  Jane",  who,  on 
February  10,  1657,  as  "  Mrs.  Jane  Claiborne,  Spinster,"  received  a 
grant  of  1400  acres  in  Northumberland  county — 750  of  which  had  been 
granted  in  1653,  to  her  father,  Col.  Wm.  Claiborne.  She  married  Col. 
Thomas  Brereton,  of  Northumberland  county,  and  died  before  May  20, 
1 67 1  {Northumberland  Records), 

2.  Lieutenant-Colonel  William"  Claiborne,  of  King  William 
county,  received  the  following  grants :  5,000  acres  between  Mattopany 
and  Rappahannock  rivers,  and  on  both  sides  of  Piantetank  Swamp, 
December  24,  1657  ;  1,000  acres  in  New  Kent,  June  12,  1658 ;  4,000  acres 
on  the  Piantetank  river,  March  26,  1661 ;  1,400  acres  in  New  Kent, 
1672;  and  1,000  acres  in  New  Kent,  February  24,  1674-5.  Each  of 
these  grants  is  to  Captain  Wm.  Claiborne.  It  was  more  probably  he 
(instead  of  his  father  )  who  was  a  member  of  the  House  of  Burgesses 
from  New  Kent,  i663-'66.  {Henins^  11.^  197  and  249.)  He  is  stated  to 
have  distinguished  himself  in  service  against  the  Indians,  and  there  was 
formerly  on  record  at  King  William  Court-House,  a  certificate  of  his 
valor,  dated  March  29,  1677,  and  attested  by  Nathaniel  Bacon,  Philip 
Ludwell,  Ralph  Wormeley  and  Richard  Lee  {CampbelV s  History  of 
Virginia^  p.  324 )  In  1676  he  was  appointed  (with  Major  George  Lyd- 
dall)  to  command  the  fort  at  Indiantown  in  New  Kent,  and  in  the  same 
year  (January,  1676)  he  sat  on  the  court-martial  to  try  the  rebels  {Hening^ 
//•f  545  )  His  wife  was  probably  named  Elizabeth,  as  in  1665  there  is 
a  grant  to  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Claiborne,  Junior,  1,000  acres  in  the  freshes  of 
York  river. 

Children:  6.  JVtltiam^^;  7.  Ursula '•;  named  in  her  brother's  will, 
1705  ;  married  William  Gooch,  and  had  at  least  one  child,  Claiborne*^ 
Gooch;  8.  Mary  named  in  her  brother's  will,  1705. 

3.  Lieutenant-Colonel  Thomas"  Claiborne,  of  King  William, 
was  born  August  17,  1647,  died  October  7,  1683.  I"  1665  he  received  a 
grant  of  500  acres  New  Kent  county,  and  in  1677,  1.500  acres  on  the 
"  upper  forks  of  York  river."    He  also  served  against  the  Indians,  and 

is  said  to  have  been  killed  by  an  arrow  {Campbell^  p.  324.)  He  was 
buried  at  Romancoke,  King  William,  where  his  tomb  remains  bearing 
the  arms:  Ar  3  Cheverons  interlaced  in  base^  a  chief  of  the  last;  and 
the  following  inscription : 

"  Here  Lyeth  Interred  ye  body  of  Lt.  Col 

Thomas  Clayboume 

Son  of  Col.  Wm  Claybourne 

He  departed  this  life  ye  7th  day  of  October  Anno  Domi 

1683 
Aetatis  Suae  36 
I  Mo:  &  21  D." 

He    married    Sarah — ,and   after   his  death    she   married  secondly 
[Thomas?]  Bray.    There  is  recorded  in  York  county,  1681,  a  deed  from 


318  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Thomas  Claiborne  and  Sarah  his  wife,  and  in  the  same  year  Mr.  Thomas 
Bray,  of  New  Kent,  is  plaintiff  in  a  suit  in  York.  There  was  a  suit  in 
Essex  1701,  by  Sarah  Bray,  executrix  of  Lt.  Col.  Thomas  Claiborne. 
Mrs.  Bray,  widow  of  Capt.  Thomas  Bray,  of  New  Kent,  founded  a 
scholarship  at  William  and  Mary  College  {Catalogue),  She  was,  doubt- 
less, this  Mrs.  Sarah  Bray. 

Children:  (Claiborne):  9.  Thomas^^, 

6.  William  *•  Claiborne,  of  "  Romancoke,"  King  William  county; 
born  — ,  died  1705.  His  will  was  proved  in  King  William,  October  29, 
1705,  and  his  legatees  were:  his  son  William,  to  whom  he  gave  "Ro- 
mancoke  " ;  cousin  Thomas  Claiborne;  sister  Ursula  Gough*s  eldest  son 
Claiborne  Gough ;  sister  Mary  Claiborne's  daughter  Elizabeth  Clai- 
borne; cousin  Leonard  Claiborne;  cousin  Eunice  Coalies;  loving 
friend  George  Clough ;  appoints  his  cousin  Thomas  Claiborne,  and 
Geo.  Clough  executors,  and  requests  his  friends  John  Waller,  Henry 
Madison  and  Daniel  Miles  to  make  his  inventory;  appoints  "Madam 
Letitia  Newell "  governess  of  his  daughter  Mary  Claiborne.  William 
Claiborne  married . 

Children:  10.   IVilliam" ;  11.    Mqry";   12.  Elizabeth"  married 

Lawson;  13.  Catherine"  married  Greenhill ;   14.  Philadelphia"; 

15.  Unity";  16.  Lucy." 

9.  Captain  Thomas *•  Claiborne,  of  "Sweet  Hall,'*  King  William, 
born  December  16,  1680,  died  August  16,  1732.  He  is  said  to  have  mar- 
ried three  times,  and  to  have  had  twenty-seven  children ;  but  as  the 
names  of  only  a  few  have  been  preserved  this  is  probably  an  error. 
His  last  wife  was  Anne,  daughter  of  Henry  Fox,  of  King  William 
county;  and  his  wife  Anne,  daughter  of  Col.  John  West  (nephew  of 
Lord  Delaware.) 

At  *^  Sweet  Hall  'Ms  a  tomb  with  the  Claiborne  arms,  and  the  follow- 
ing inscription : 

**  Here  layes  Interred  the  body  of  Capt.  Thomas 
Claiborne,  Son  of  Col.  Thomas  Claiborne  &  Grandson 

to  William  Claiborne  Esq  Secretary  of  Virginia. 
He  departed  this  life  Augt  i6th  day  1732  aged  51  years 

8  months  &  15  days.'* 

At  the  same  place  is  the  tomb  of  his  last  wife : 

*'  Here  also  lies  the  body  of  Mrs.  Ann  Claiborne 
late  wife  of  Capt.  Thomas  Claiborne,  Daughter  of 

Mr.  Henry  Fox — bom  ye  20th  day  of  May 

1684.    She  departed  this  life  ye  4th  day  of  May  1733 

Aged  48  years,  10  Months  &  17  days." 

Children:  18.   TAomas^"^]  19.  William,"  married ,  and  had  issue: 

Mary,"  and  Nathaniel,"  who  was  bom  1755;  20.  Leonard";  21.  Na- 
thaniel^"^;  22.  Bernard,"  who  married  Mrs.  Poythress  n^€  Ravenscroft, 


ABSTRACTS  OF  VIRGINIA   LAND   PATENTS.  319 

and  had  a  daughter  who  married  Reverend  Deveraux  Jarrett,  and  an- 
other who  is  said  to  have  married  Genl.  Phillips,  of  the  English  Army, 
and  to  have  been  the  mother  of  Col.  Ralph  Phillips,  who  was  killed  at 
Waterloo,  and  of  Charles  Phillips,  the  Irish  orator  (information  of 
Capt.  David  Claiborne,  dec*d).  23.  Augustine. ^^  (Campbell ^  324,  and 
''Bristol  PaHsh:'  164.) 

10.  William"  Claiborne,  of  "Romancoke,**  King  William;  born 

,  died  1746.     His  will  was  proved  in  King  William,  June  16,  1746, 

and  his  legatees  were :  Sons  William  and  Philip  Whitehead ;  sisters 
Elizabeth  Lawson,  Catherine  Greenhill,  and  Philadelphia,  Unity,  and 
Lucy  Claiborne ;  Cousin  Bernard  Moore  of  Chelsea,  Captain  Francis 
West,  James  Power,  and  son  Philip  Whitehead  Claiborne  (when  of  age), 
executors.  He  was  sheriff  of  King  William  in  1728  and  1729.  He 
married,  probably,  a  daughter  of  Col.  Philip  Whitehead,  of  King  Wil- 
liam.   Children:  24.  William*®;  25.  Philip  Whitehead^^;  26.  Daughter," 

who  married Duval  and  had  at  least  one  child,  Philip  *•  Duval ;  27. 

Daughter,"  married  Fox;   28.  Daughter,"  married  Aylett, 

and  had  a  son,  William"  Aylett. 

18.  Thomas"  Claiborne,  born  January  9th,  1704,  died  December 
ist,  1735.  He  was  clerk  of  Stafford  county.  Whether  he  married  is 
unknown.    His  tomb  is  at  "  Sweet  Hall,''  with  the  epitaph : 

**  Here  lies  Interred  the  Body  of  Mr.  Thomas  Claiborne 
Jun.  who  was  Clerk  of  Stafford  County — son  of 
Capt.  Thomas  Claiborne,  Grandson  to  Col.  Thos.  Claiborne 
and  great  Grandson  to  William  Claiborne,  Esq. 
He  was  bom  ye  9th  of  January  1704  and  departed  this  life 
*       ye  first  of  December  1735,  aged  31  years — 10  months  & 
22  days." 

20.  Leonard  "  Claiborne,  of  King  William,  who  was  sheriff  of  that 
county  in  1732,  (Council  Journal)  and  member  of  the  House  of  Burgesses 
in  1736  (Va.  Hist.  Register,  ).  He  married  Martha,  daughter  of 
Major  Francis  Burnell  (not  Burnett),  of  King  William.  Her  tomb  is  at 
"  Sweet  Hall,"  with  the  epitaph : 

"  Here  lyeth  interred  the  Body  of  Mrs.  Martha  Clayborne,  the  wife  of 

Mr.  Leonard  Clayborne  &  daughter  of  Major  Francis   Burnel.    She 

departed  this  life  ye  3d  day  of  April  1720,  aged  19  years,  3  months  & 

2  days. 

As  You  pass  by  behold  and  see 

Like  as  I  am,  you  all  must  be 

Remember  Death." 

According  to  one  account,  Leonard  Claiborne  removed  to  Georgia 
at  its  first  settlement.  Child:  29.  Leonard,  Jr.;  Burgess  for  Dinwid- 
dle 1758,  1765,  &c.  It  is  more  probable  that  he  was  the  one  who  moved 
to  Georgia ;  30.  Richard.^ 


320  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

21.  Col.  Nathaniel  Claiborne,  of  "Sweet  Hall,"  born and  died 

-,  in  his  40th  year.     He  married  Jane,  daughter  of  William  Cole, 


of  Warwick  county.  She  married,  second,  Stephen  Bingham;  third, 
Col.  Francis  West.  An  account  of  Col.  Nathaniel  Claiborne  and 
his  descendants  is  given  in  a  letter  written  by  his  grandson,  Nathaniel 
H.  Claiborne,  in  1822,  and  printed  in  the  Richmond  Standard^  Vol.  II., 
No.  52.  Children :  31.  Thomas,**  member  of  the  House  of  Burgesses 
for  King  William  1768  and  1769  {Journals) \  32.  William^^\  33.  Mary 
Cole,*^  married  Roger  Gregory,  of  King  William  {Standard,  II..  4),  and 
four  other  daughters. 

23.  Colonel  Augustine,"  of  "Windsor,"  born  at  "Sweet  Hall  "  in 
1721,  died  May  3d,  1787;  removed  to  Surry;  was  a  member  of  the 
House  of  Burgesses  from  that  county  1748,  1753,  and  1754  {Burkes  Vir- 
ginia,  and  Journals  oj  Burgesses),  and  in  the  latter  year  was  appointed 

clerk  of  Sussex,  an  office  which  he  held  until ;  member  of  State 

Senate  1780,  &c.  He  was  an  eminent  lawyer  and  had  a  large  practice 
in  various  counties.  He  married  Mary,  daughter  of  Buller  Herbert, 
and  his  wife,  who  was  a  Miss  Stith,  of  Brunswick,  with  whom  he  is 
stated  (on  the  authority  of  John  Herbert  Peterson,  grandson  of  Mrs. 
Mary  Herbert  Claiborne,  cited  in  Slaughter's  "  Bristol  Parish,^^  p  107) 
to  have  received  a  very  large  landed  estate  and  200  slaves.  In  addition 
(from  the  same  authority)  Mrs.  Claiborne  is  said  to  have  inherited  from 
her  aunt,  Mrs.  Crammer,  a  block  of  houses  in  London,  which  her  hus- 
band sold  for  ;f  80,000  sterling.  She  also  was  left  by  the  will  of  her 
uncle,  John  Herbert,  (whose  will  is  recorded  in  Chesterfield)  almost  all 
of  his  large  and  valuable  estate. 

Children  :  34.  Mary,"  born  1744-  5,  married  General  Charles  Harbi- 
son, who  served  in  the  Revolution  as  a  colonel  of  artillery  in  the  Con- 
tinental Line ;  35.  Herbert^^ ;  36.  Thomas^^ ;  t;].  Augustine^^:  38.  An- 
nie,^* born  December  30,  1749,  married  Col.  Rich*d  Cocke,  of  "  Bacon's 
Castle.*'  Surry  ;  39.  Susanna,"  born  November  29,  1751,  married  Frede- 
rick Jones,  of  Dinwiddie  county  (and  had  with  other  issue:  Mary  Her- 
bert,^* who  married  John  Withers,  of  "  Kingston,"  Dinwiddie,  and  had  a 
daughter  Susanna  C.,**  who  married  Clement  C  Clay,  of  Alabama, 
M.  C),  40.  William;^^  41.  Buller;^^  42.  Richard^^;  43.  Lucy  Herbert," 
born  August  22,  1760,  married  Col.  John  Cocke ;  44.  Elizabeth,"  bom 
1761,  married  Thomas  Peterson;  ^^.  John  Herbert^^ ;  46.  Sarah",  mar- 
ried Charles  Anderson,  of  Virginia,  and  had  a  son  Claiborne"  Ander- 
son; 47.  Daughter,"  married Thompson,  of  South  Carolina;  48. 

Ferdinando,"  born  March  9,  1772;  49.  Barthurst?^ 

(24)   Philip  Whitehead"  Claiborne,   of  "Liberty  Hall,"   King 

William  ;   born ,  died  in  1771,  while  a  member  of  the  House  of 

Burgesses  from  King  William  (Virginia  Gazette),  His  will  was  proved 
in  King  William.  March,  19,  1772,  and  his  legatees  were  his  wife  Eliza- 
beth,  son   Philip,   daughter    Betty  Claiborne;  daughter   Philadelphia 


ABSTRACTS   OF   VIRGINIA   LAND   PATENTS.  321 

Carter;  son  William  Dandridge  (Claiborne);  Philip  Duval,  son  of  sis- 
ter Duval,  Philadelphia  Fox,  daughter  of  sister  Fox ;  Elizabeth  dauc:h- 
ter  of  brother  Nathaniel  West  Dandridge;  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
brother  Wm.  Dandridge.  Appoints  Col.  Carter  Braxton,  friends  George 
Brooke  and  Peter  Lyons,  brother-in-law  William  Dandridge,  nephew 
William  Aylett,  and  son  William  (when  of  age)  executors.  Gives 
rings  of  ;^5  value  each,  to  Holdenby  Dixon,  and  each  of  his  executors. 

He  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  William  Dandridge,  of  King 
William,  and  his  wife,  Unity,  daughter  of  Nathaniel  West  (who  was  a 
g^eat  nephew  of  Lord  Delaware).  See  Heninz  VI.  321,  428,  and  VIIL, 
296,  486. 

Children:  50.  William  Dandridge^'*;  51.  Philip**;  52.  Betty,"  born 
April  20,  1751,  married  April  22,  1772,  John  Watkins,  of  King  William  ; 
53.  Philadelphia,"  married  first  John  Carter,  of  King  George  county ; 
second.  Rev.  Abner  Waugh. 

(30)  Richard"  Claiborne,  of  Lunenburg,  born ,  died  1776 ;  was 

a  justice  of  Lunenburg  in  1770,  and  member  of  the  convention  of  1774 
and  1775  from  that  county.  Married  fir^t  Miss  Dudley  (and  had  Leon- 
ard," of  Natchez,  Miss.,  who  died  in  1821),  (II.)  Mary  Glenn. 

Children:  54.  John,  of  Lunenburg  county,  who  had  a  son,  William 
Dandridge,  who  died  in  boyhood ;  55.  Richard  Henry;  56.  Mary,  mar- 
ried William  Warwick. 

32.  William"  Claiborne,  of  King  William,  and  afterwards  of  Man- 
chester, Va.,  born  -^,  died  September  29,  1809.  He  married  Mary, 
daughter  of  Ferdinand  Leigh,  of  King  William. 

Children :  57.  Ferdinand  Leigh>^;  58.  fVilliam  Charles  Coles^^;  59. 
Thomas  Augustine  ;  60.  Nathaniel  Herbert ;  61.  Mary  Leigh,"  married 
Bat^urst  Claiborne. 

33.  Herbert  Claiborne,  of  '*  Chestnut  Grove,"  New  Kent,  born 

April  7,  1746,  died  ,  married  (I)  Mary,  daughter  of  Robert  Ruffin, 

of  "Sweet  Hall."  King  William,  and  (II),  Mary,  daughter  of  William 
Burnett  Browne,  of*'  Elsing  Green,"  King  William,  who  settled  a  large 
estate  upon  his  eldest  grandson  upon  the  condition  of  his  taking  the 
name  of  William  Burnett  Browne  (William  Burnet  Browne,  of**  Elsing 
Green,"  was  born  at  Salem,  Mass.,  October  7, 1738,  and  died  at  his  seat 

in  Virginia  May  6,  1784.    He  married daughter  of  William  Burnett, 

Governor  of  New  York,  and  granddaughter  of  Gilbert  Burnet,  Bishop 
of  Salisbury). 

Children  (ist  marriage)  :  *6ia.  Mary  Herbert,"  married Thomp- 
son, a  Scotch  gentleman  of  Norfolk,  Va.,  and  had  one  child,  Small- 
wood*^  Thompson;  62.  William  Burnet  {Browne)^^;  63.  Herbert  Au- 
gustine^*;  64.  William,^®  married  first,  Anne  Hill,  of  King  William,  and 

*Tbe  No.  61  was  accidentally  duplicated  ;  therefore  in  this  instance  it  has  been  distin- 
guished by  the  addition  of  "  a." 


322  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

second,  Ellen  Smithey,  and  had  by  first  marriage  (a)  Mildred,*^  married 
W.  E.  Watson,  (b)  Robinet";  and  by  second  marriage,  (c)  Fanny, ••  mar- 
ried    Pitman  ;  65.  Mary  Carter  Bassett,"  married  in  182 1,  Vincent 

Branham,  of  Richmond  county  ;  66.  Judith  Browne,**^  married  William 
Hill,  of  King  William ;  67.  Harriet  Herbert,*"  married  Robert  Hill,  of 
King  William ;  68.  Lavinia  Bathurst,*"  died  unmarried  ;  69.  Betty  Car. 
ter,***  died  unmarried ;  70.  Augusta,*'^  married  Philip  A.  Branham  (son 
of  Vincent  Branham,  before  mentioned) 

36.  Thomas  "  Claiborne,  born  1749,  died  — ;  sheriff  of  Brunswick 
1789,  and  1792 ;  colonel  commanding  the  Brunswick  militia  in  1789, 
member  of  the  House  of  Delegates  in  1784,  1785,  1786;  and  was  mem- 
ber of  Congress  from  Virginia  in  1 793-* 99,  and  1 801 -'05.  He  married  the 
daughter  of  a  Mr.  Scott  (a  native  of  Scotland),  and  his  wife,  who  was  a 
Miss  Cocke,  of  James  river. 

Children :  71.  Dr.  John,"  of  Brunswick  county ;  bom  1777,  and  was 
member  of  Congress  from  Virginia  from  1805  until  his  death,  October  9, 
1808  {Enquirer).  I  have  no  information  as  to  his  marriage  or  de- 
scendants; 72.  Thomas;  memberof  Congress  from  Tennessee  181 7-' 19; 
73.  Dr.  Jarratt  M.;  born  1784,  died  1871 ;  69.  Philip,  member  of  the 
House  of  Delegates  i8i5*-i6. 

37.  Augustine"  Claiborne,  born  February  2d,  1748,  died  1796; 
married  Martha,  daughter  of  Frederick  Jones,  of  Dinwiddle. 

Children :  74.  Buller,"  died  unmarried ;  75.  Frederick,"  died  un- 
married ;  76.  John  Grey,  "  died  unmarried ;  77.  Augustine, "  n^ember 
of  the  House  of  Delegates  from  Greensville  county,  1829,  and  i830-*i, 
moved  to  Tennessee;  78.  Cadwallade  Jones,"  moved  to  Tennessee; 
79.  Martha." 

40.  William  "  Claiborne,  born  November  2d,  1753 ;  married , 

daughter  of  Robert  Ruffin.  of  *'  Sweet  Hall." 

Children :  80.  Dr.  Wm.  Presley,  "  of  King  William,  died  at  the  Island 
of  Teneriffe  April  27,  1807 ;  81.  Lucy  Herbert,"  married  John  Goode, 
and  was  mother  of  Wm.  O.  Goode,  member  Congress;  82.  Elizabeth 
married  Wm.  Burnet  Browne. 

41.  Major  Buller"  Claiborne;  born  October  27,  1755,  died ; 

was  second  lieutenant  of  Second  Virginia  regiment  October  2d,  1775. 
captain  from  March  8th,  1776,  to  July  27th,  1777,  and  served  subse- 
quently as  brigade -major,  and  aide-de-camp  to  General  Lincoln  in  1779 
and  1780  {Heitman),  and  commanded  a  squadron  of  cavalry  at  the 
defeat  of  Tarleton  at  the  Cowpens.  He  was  appointed  a  justice  of 
Dinwiddle  in  1789,  and  was  sheriff  in  i8o2-*4.  He  married  Patsy, 
daughter  of- Edward  Ruffin,  of  Sussex  county. 

Children:  83.  Sterling \^^  84.  Son"  died  young;  85.  Son"  died 
young ;  86.  Son "  died  young  ;  87.  Lucy "  married  James  Wright,  of 
Petersburg. 


ABSTRACTS  OF  VIRGINIA  LAND   PATENTS.  323 

42.  Richard"  Claiborne,  born  1757,  died  1818;  member  of  the 
House  of  Delegates  from  Brunswick  i775-'78,  and  served  as  a  major  and 
commissary  in  the  Revolution  {Calendar  of  Virginia  State  Papers), 
He  married  Miss  Hayward,  of  South  Carolina,  and  had  (with  perhaps 
others  who  died  young)  a  son,  James  Hayward  "  Claiborne,  who  mar- 
ried Miss  Kershaw  of  South  Carolina,  and  died  without  issue. 

45.  John  Herbert"  Claiborne;  born  May  3d,  1763.  died ;  mar- 
ried Mary,  daughter  of  Roger  Gregory. 

Children :  88.  Gregory  ";  and  three  daughters. 

49.  Bathurst*^  Claiborne;  born  April  6th,  1774,  died  about  1810; 

married  (I.) ,  daughter  of  John  Batte,  of  Chesterfield  county  ;  (she 

died  in  eight  days  after);  and  (II.)  Mary  Leigh,  daughter  of  Wm.  Clai- 
borne.   Had  issue,  a  son  and  a  daughter. 

50.  William  Dandridge^*  Claiborne,  of  "Liberty  Hall";  born 
1756,  died  June  nth,  1811.  (Enquirer— '^xi6.  the  dates  of  his  death  and 
the  births  of  his  children  are  given  from  his  family  Bible).  He  left 
William  and  Mary  College  in  1776  to  join  the  American  army  (College 
Catalogue),  was  a  justice  of  King  William  1786,  sheriff  1790  and  i8o2-'4, 
and  member  of  the  House  of  Delegates  from  King  William  1778, 1784, 
1787,  1791,  and  1793.  He  married,  according  to  a  statement  in  the  Rich- 
mond Standard^  and  according  to  Browning,  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
Bartholomew  Dandridge ;  but  according  to  the  record  in  his  Bible,  mar- 
ried September  loth,  1791,  Fanny  Taylor.  Slaughter,  however,  states 
{Bristol  Parish,  185)  that  Fanny  Taylor  was  his  third  wife.  His  will 
was  dated  June  4th,  1811,  and  proved  in  King  William  June  24th,  1811. 
He  appoints  Burwell  Bassett,  Thomas  Taylor,  Larkin  Smith,  Wm.  H. 
Macon,  John  Dandridge,  and  his  son  Wm.  Dandridge  Claiborne  (when 
of  age)  executors ;  in  case  of  refusal  to  act,  appoints  his  sons  Philip 
and  George  (when  of  age).  Having  provided  for  his  children  by  first 
marriage  (with  Miss  Dandridge,  sister  of  Mrs.  Patrick  Henry),  now 
makes  provisions  for  others.  Gives  his  two  Cormorant  mares,  legacy 
to  grandson,  Wm  Langborn,  son  of  Major  Wm.  Langborn. 

Children  (as  given  in  family  Bible):  89.  Emma,"  bom  17th  Septem- 
ber, 1792;  90.  Wm.  Dandridge,*^  born  October  21st,  1796;  91.  Dr. 
George,*'  born  October  23d,  1799;  married  Mary,  daughter  of  Adam 
Craig,  of  Richmond,  and  had  a  son,  Thomas  Nelson"  Claiborne;  92. 
Philip  Whitehead,**  born  January  2d,  i8oi,  married  Frances,  daughter 
of  Adam  Craig,  and  had  a  son,  Robert  Standard"  Claiborne,  whom 
Dr.  Cleborne,  U.  S.  N.  (the  chief  authority  in  regard  to  the  genealogy 
of  the  family),  states  is  the  eldest  heir-male  and  representative  of  the 
Claiborne  family  in  Virginia;  93.  Lucy  Ann,**  bom  April  29th,  1802,  and 
died  in  1863  unmarried;  94.  John  Dandridge,**  born  November  17th, 
1804;  appointed  a  justice  of  York  county  1848;  95.  Taylor,**  bom  No- 
vember 5,  i8o6;  96.  Elizabeth  Dandridge,  born  June  17th,  i8o8,  married 
Beverley  Kennon,  Commodore  U.  S.  N. ;  97.  Bassett  S.,  born  June  4th, 


324  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

1810.  There  were  also  by  first  niarrias:e  daughters  Elizabeth,"  who 
married  Col.  Wm.  Langhorn,  of  King  William,  Ann.**  who  married 

Burwell   Bassett,  of  **Eltham,'*   New  Kent,  and  ,  who  married 

Mr.  Brooke. 

54.  Richard  Henry  Claiborne,  of  Halifax  county,  bom  1821 ; 
married  Cooke. 

Children:  98.  John  Hampden,  died  1833;  99.  Elizabeth;  100  Mary; 
loi.  Leonard. 

57.  General  Ferdinand  Leigh"  Claiborne,  born  in  Sussex 
county  1772,  died  in  Natchez,  Miss.,  1813 ;  entered  the  United  States 
Army  as  ensign  in  1793,  was  promoted  to  captain  in  the  First  Infantry, 
and  resigned  in  1802.  In  February,  1811,  he  was  appointed  brigadier- 
general  of  Mississippi  militia,  and  later  commanded  a  regiment  of  vol- 
unteers in  that  territory.  In  1813  he  was  commissioned  brigadier-gen- 
eral of  United  States  Volunteers,  and  commanded  in  an  action  in  1813 
in  which  the  Creek  Indians  were  defeated ;  became  a  Legislative  Coun- 
cillor in  1 8 15,  €ind  presided  over  the  proceedings  of  the  Legislature. 
He  married,  in  1802,  Magdalene,  daughter  of  Col.  Anthony  Hutchens, 
of  Mississippi  {Newspaper)^  formerly  an  officer  in  the  Engiish  Army. 

Children:  102.  John  Francis  Hamtramck^ \  103.  Ferdinand  Leigh,* 
of  Natchez,  married  Courtney  Terrell,  and  had  issue ;  104.  Osmun, 
married  Mary  Patterson,  of  Washington,  D. C,  and  had  issue;  {a)  Cap- 
tain Ferdinand,  died  in  1863;  105.  Charlotte  Virginia,  married  John  H. 

B.  I^trobe,  of  Baltimore. 

58.  William  Charles  Cole"  Claiborne,  born  in  Sussex  1775, 
died  in  New  Orleans  November  23d,  1817.  Settled  at  Nashville,  Tenn., 
in  early  life ;  soon  after  appointed  a  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  territory;  member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of  1796; 
Member  of  Congress  1797-1801 ;  appointed  Governer  of  Mississippi 
territory  in  1802,  and  in  1803  one  of  the  commissioners  to  lake  posses- 
sion of  Louisiana ;  afterwards  made  Governor  of  the  Territory,  and 
chosen  United  States  Senator  for  the  new  State ;  but  died  before  taking 
his  seat.  He  married  (I)  Eliza  Lewis,  of  Natchez,  (II)  Clarissa  Duralde, 
of  Louisiana,  (III)  Suzette  Bosque,  of  Louisiana. 

Children :  (First  marriage)  106.  Wm.  Charles  Cole,  born  1808,  died 
1878,  married  Louisa,  daughter  of  Count  de  Balathier,  and  had  W.  C. 

C,  Marie  Louise,  and  Walter  Herbert;  107.  George  W. ;  108.  Henry 
B.;  109.  Charles  Ferdinard;  no.  Arthur;  in.  John  Randolph;  112. 
Ferdinand;  1x3.  Clarisse;  114.  Lucie;  (by  third  marriage)  115.  Charles 
Cole,  born  1814,  died  unmarried  1879;  116.  Sophronia,  married  Count 
Marigny  de  Mandeville,  of  New  Orleans. 

[This  note  will  be  concluded  in  the  next  number  of  the  Magazine.'\ 


NOTES   AND   QUERIES.  325 


Historical  Notes  and  Queries. 

Errata. — The  following:  corrections  should  be  made  in  the  Magazine 
of  October  last :  Page  1 13.  Green  Spring  was  not  the  residence  of  thfe 
«*  Colonial  Governors  " ;  but  was  the  residence  and  property  of  only 
one,  Berkeley,  who  left  it  to  his  widow;  page  177,  line  23,  for  *'the" 
read  "a";  page  177,  line  37,  for  ''former**  read  "latter";  page  187, 
line  20,  for  "  Plissley  "  read  *'  Peirsey  "  ;  page  195,  line  20,  for  "  the  " 
read  "  Mr.";  page  196,  line  33,  for  **  his  "  read  *'  her  " ;  page  197,  line  4, 
for  "Miss"  read  "Mrs.";  page  198,  line  3,  for  "Thomsons"  read 
" Thomas ";  page  198,  line  24.  for  "Buchland"  read"  Buckland"; 
page  199,  line  11,  for  "faith"  read  "fear";  page  199,  line  19,  for 
**  them  "  read  "  him  " ;  page  201,  line  31,  for  "  and  "  read  "  as  *' ;  page, 
201,  last  line,  for  "  Miss  "  read  **  Mrs." ;  page  214,  note,  for  "  Chelton  ** 
read  *'  Chilton  "  ;  page  218,  note,  for  "  Gloucester  "read  **  a  Gloucester." 


JOHN  TAYLOR,  OF  CAROLINE. 

To  the  Editor  of  the  Virginia  Magazine  of  History  and  Biography  : 

Permit  me  through  your  Magazine  to  correct  a  statement  in  my  "  Life, 
Correspondence  and  Speeches  of  Patrick  Henry,"  which  does  injustice 
to  Col.  John  Taylor,  of  Caroline  county.  The  statement  will  be  found 
on  page  588  of  the  second  volume,  in  which  I  say  that  Col*  Taylor  in 
1798  was  a  confessed  disunionist,  referring  in  a  note  to  Randall's  Jeffer- 
son, II.  447,  as  authority  for  the  statement.  The  passage  in  Mr.  Ran- 
dall's book  would  sustain  the  statement  were  it  not  based  upon  a 
letter  of  Mr.  Jefferson  to  Col.  Taylor  which  has  been  incorrectly  printed 
in  all  the  publications  of  Mr.  Jefferson's  letters,  and  by  all  of  his  biogra- 
phers. It  appears  that  on  first  June.  1798,  Mr.  Jefferson  wrote  to  Col. 
Taylor  that  he  had  seen  a  letter  of  his  to  Mr.  New  in  which  he  said  (as 
printed):  "  It  was  not  unwise  now  to  estimate  the  separate  mass  of  Vir- 
ginia and  North  Carolina  with  a  view  to  their  separate  existence." 
This  would  make  Col*  Taylor  a  confessed  disunionist,  but  it  appears 
that  the  letter  of  Mr.  Jefferson  was  printed  from  an  indistinct  press 
copy,  and  that  the  original  letter  which  was  afterwards  found,  reads : 
"  It  was  not  unusual  now,  &c.,"  in  quoting  Col.  Taylor's  letter.  It  thus 
appears  that  Col.  Taylor  did  not  express  an  opinion  on  the  subject  of 
disunion  in  his  letter  to  Mr.  New,  and  Mr.  Jefferson's  letter  is  no  au- 
thority for  the  statement  that  Col.  Taylor  was  a  confessed  disunionist.  I 
am  indebted  to  Mr.  Henry  Taylor,  of  Louisa,  for  this  correction,  and 
for  a  reference  to  a  card  from  the  late  George  Tucker,  a  biographer  of 
Mr.  Jefferson.    (See  So.  Lit.  Messenger  for  1838,  page  344^  stating  the 


326  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

fact  of  the  incorrect  publication  of  Mr.  Jefferson's  letter  to  Col.  Taylor. 
Regretting  sincerely,  as  I  do,  that  I  should  have  done  to  the  memory 
of  Col.  Taylor  the  slightest  injustice.    I  am  &c., 

Wm.  Wirt  Henry. 
.  September  29,  1893. 


Free  Schools  and  the  Church  in  the  Seventeenth  Century. — We  are  in- 
debted to  Mr.  Edward  W.  James,  of  Norfolk,  for  the  following  valua- 
ble and  interesting  information  relating  to  free  schools  and  the  condition 
of  the  Church  of  Virginia  in  the  seventeenth  century.  Under  date  of 
November  Z3th,  1893,  he  writes:  ''Among  other  statements  made  by 
Mr.  Conway,  in  his  '  Barons '  of  the  Potomac  and  the  Rappahannock, 
which  call  for  refutation,  is  the  one  that  'in  the  same  year  (1736)  was 
established  the  first  of  the  free  schooJl"  of  Lower  Norfolk  county. 

"  Richard  Russell  (i)  in  his  will  made  July  24th,  1667,  and  proved  De- 
cember i6th,  the  same  year,  now  among  the  records  of  Lower  Norfolk 
county,  said :  *  the  other  pte  of  my  Estate  I  give  &  bequeath  One  pte 
of  itt  unto  Six  of  the  poorest  mens  Children  in  Eliz :  Riv'r,  to  pay  for 
their  Teaching  to  read  &' after  these  six  are  entred  then  if  Six  more 
comes  I  give  a  pte  allsoe  to  Enter  them  in  like  manner.'  On  the  second 
of  August,  172 1,  Col.  Edward  Moseley,  of  Princess  Anne  county,  gave 
a  lot  for  the  purpose  of  establishing  a  school,  and  'At  a  meeting  of  the 
Vestry  (Linhaven  Parish  P.  A.  Co.,)  the  2d.  March  1736,  On  the  mo- 
tion of  Col.  Anthony  Walke  that  the  old  Church  wood  be  a  Convenient 
place  to  make  a  public  school  off  for  instructing  children  in  learning, 
that  liberty  might  be  given  for  ye  appling  it  to  that  purpose;  ye  Vestry 
taking  the  same  under  their  consideration  &  agreeing  to  the  said  pro- 
posall ;  also  being  of  opinion  that  after  it  is  made  commodious  'twould 
be  an  encouragemement  to  induce  a  master  constantly  to  attend  there- 
on ;  do  therefore  unanimously  resolve  that  ye  said  Church  be  ;  and  it 
is  hereby  given  for  the  use  aforesaid,  and  to  &  for  no  other  purpose 
whatever.' 

"  Richard  Russell  left  Richard  Yates  '  a  booke  called  Lyons  play,* 
*  John  porter  junr.  Six  books  *  'John  porter  (i)  my  exer*r  ten  books,* 
'Katherin  Greene  three  bookes,'  'One  book  to  Sarah  Dyer,*  'unto 
Wm.  Greene,'  'his  wife  two  books  &  her  mother  a  booke,*  'Anna 
Godby  two  books,*  * Jno.  Abell  One  booke  in  Quarto,*  '  Richard  Law- 
rance  One  booke.*  He  was  a  Quaker,  and  on  the  15th  of  February, 
1663,  was  fined  5,000  pounds  of  tobacco  for  permitting  a  Quaker  meet- 
ing at  his  house  on  the  12th  '  day  of  November  last  past. ' 

"  The  following  not  only  refutes  the  statement  made  by  Mr.  Conway 
that '  There  were  many  parishes  in  which  no  tobacco  could  be  cultiva- 
ted, and  these  were  left  entirely  without  ministrations  of  the  Estab- 
lished Church,*  but  throws  considerable  light  on  the  condition  of  the 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  327 

Church  at  a  very  early  period  of  our  history,  and  shows  that  the  people 
were  anxious  for  religious  instruction,  and  were  willing  to  pay  more 
for  it  than  the  people  even  in  England  were. 

*  Lower  Norfolk  County  at  a  Court  Held  2^th  May  1640. — 

'  Whereas  the  inhabitants  of  this  parrishe  beinge  this  day  coneveven- 
ted  for  the  providinge  of  themselves  an  able  minister  to  instruct  them 
concerninge  their  soules,  health,  mr.  Thomas  Harrison  tharto  hath 
tendered  his  srvice  to  god  and  the  said  inhabitants  in  that  behalf  wch 
his  said  tender  is  well  liked  of,  with  the  genall  approbacon  of  the  said 
Inhabitants,  the  parishoners  of  the  parishe  church  at  mr.  SewelPs 
Point  who  to  testifie  their  zeale  and  willingnes  to  p'mote  god's  service 
doe  hereby  p'mise  (and  the  court  now  sittinge  doth  likewise  order  and 
establish  the  same)  to  pay  one  hundreth  pounds  starling  yearely  to  the 
sd  mr.  Harrison,  soe  Longe  as  hee  shall  continue  a  minister  to  the  said 
Parishe  in  recompence  of  his  paynes,  and  in  full  satisfaccon  of  his  tytes 
within  his  Limitts  wch  is  to  be  payed  unto  him  as  followeth  :  Capt. 
John  Sibsey,  Leiflenant-ffranc:  Mason,  mr.  Henry  Sewell,  are  to  pay 
for  themselves  and  the  Inhabitants  of  this  pishe,  from  Capt.  Willough- 
bies  Plantaton  to  Daniell  Tanner|s  Creek  Thirty-two  powndes  ten  shil- 
lings .  starling,  mr.  Cornelius  LLoyd,  mr.  Henry  Catlin  &  John  Hill  are 
to  pay  for  the  Inhabitants  of  the  westermost  Branch,  and  Cranny 
Pointe  thirty-three  pownds  starlinge,  mr.  Wm.  Julian,  mr.  John  Gatear 
Ensigne  Thomas  Lambert,  mr.  Thos.  Sawyer  Thomas  Meare,  and  John 
Watkins  are  to  pay  thirty-six  pownds  starling  for  the  Inhabitants  from 
Danyell  Tanner's  Creek  ovr  all  the  Eastward  &  southward  branches. 
In  witness  *  *  *  whereof  we  the  sd  undrtakers  have  hereunto 
subscribed  our  hands  Ensigne  Tho  Lambeth  Willm  Julian  Cornelius 
LLoyd  John  Sibsey  John  Galear  Thorn  Sawyer  Henry  Catlin  ffrance 
Mason,  John  Watkins  Thom  Meare  John  Hill  Henry  Sewell. 

*  Whereas  there  is  a  difference  amongst  the  Inhabitants  of  the 
fforesaid  Pishe,  concerninge  the  imployinge  of  a  minister  beinge  now 
entertayned  to  live  amongst  them.  The  Inhabitants  from  Danyell  Tan- 
ner's Creek  and  upward  the  three  branches  of  Elizabeth  river  (in  re- 
spect they  are  the  greatest  number  of  tithable  persons)  not  thinkinge  it 
fitt  nor  equall  that  they  shall  pay  the  greatest  pte  of  one  hundred 
pownds  wit  is  by  the  ffore  sd  order  allotted  for  the  ministers  annuall 
stipend  unlesse  the  sd  minister  may  teach  and  Instruct  them  as  often 
as  he  shall  teach  at  ye  pishe  church  siytuate  at  mr.  Sewell's  Pointe. 
It  is  therefore  agreed  amongst  the  sd  Inhabitants  that  the  sd  minister 
.shall  teach  evie  other  Sunday  amongst  the  Inhabitants  of  Elizabeth 
River  at  the  house  of  Robert  Glasscocke  untill  a  convenyent  church  be 
built  and  Erected  there  for  gods  service  wit  is  agreed  to  bee  finished 
at  the  charge  of  the  Inhabitants  of  Elizabeth  River  before  the  first  day 
of  May  next  ensueinge." 


328  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Hanfring  and  Quartering. —Va  the  Magazine  for  October  last,  the 
writer  of  the  notice  of  Mr.  Gonway*s  recent  book  expressed  his  disbe- 
lief in  the  correctness  of  a  tradition  relating  to  the  hanging  and  quar- 
tering of  certain  unknown  negroes,  at  some  unknown  period,  in  the 
colony  of  Virginia,  and  based  his  disbelief  on  his  supposition  that  there 
was  no  notice  of  such  a  punishment  in  any  extant  record,  which  he  had 
seen.  He  still  believes  that  the  name  '*  Skinquarter  "  has  the  meaning 
he  there  ascribes  to  it — that  is  from  the  word  *' quarter,"  as  so  com- 
monly used  in  Virginia;  but  there  is  now  reason  to  believe  that  the 
other  names  may  have  been  derived  in  the  manner  ascribed  in  the  tra- 
dition given  to  Mr.  Conway. 

Since  the  article  referred  to  was  printed,  Mr.  P.  G.  Miller,  deputy 
clerk  of  Goochland  county,  a  gentleman  learned  in  Virginia  history  and 
genealogy,  has  referred  the  writer  to  the  following  instances  which 
occurred  in  his  county,  Goochland,  in  1733,  and  at  his  request,  been 
kind  enough  to  furnish  a  copy  of  the  record.  It  will  be  seen  that  this 
punishment  was  not  within  the  ordinary  jurisdiction  of  a  county  court ; 
but  was  inflicted  by  a  court  of  oyer  and  terminer.  Sixteen  years  later, 
the  history  of  Massachusetts  shows  a  more  remarkable  instance  of 
punishment  of  slaves  for  murdering  a  white  man.  Two  negroes,  one  a 
man,  the  other  a  woman,  had  poisoned  their  master,  and  for  this  crime 
the  man  was  hung  in  chains,  while  the  woman  was  burnt.  This 
occurred  at  Cambridge,  in  1749.  (See  New  England  Chronology 
from  the  Discovery  of  the  Country  by  Cabot  in  1497  to  1820,  by  Al- 
den  Bradford,  L.L.  D.,  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical 
Society,  published  in  1843,  at  Boston,  by  S.  G.  Simpkins.)  The  pun- 
ishment both  in  Virginia  and  Massachusetts  shows  that  the  crime  was 
considered  to  be  petty  treason,  mutilation  of  the  body  being  one  of  the 
accompaniments  of  the  punishment  inflicted  under  these  circumstances, 
by  the  provisions  of  the  English  law. 

At  a  Court  called  for  Goochland  County  the  twenty-fifth  day  of  June 
MDCCXXXIII.  for  the  tryall  of  Champion  a  Negro  man  slave,  Lucy, 
a  Negro  woman  slave,  both  belonging  to  Hutchins  Burton,  Samp- 
son, Harry,  &  George,  three  Negro  men  slaves  belonging  to  Wil- 
liam Randolph,  Esq'r,  &  Valentine,  a  negro  man  slave  belonging 
to  Bowler  Cocke  gent. 

A  commission  from  the  Hon'ble  William  Gooch  Esq'r  His  Majesty's 
Lieut  Governor  &  Commander  in  chief  of  this  Dominion  to  John  Flem- 
ing, William  Mayo,  Daniel  Stoner,  Tarlton  Fleming,  Allen  Howard. 
Edward  Scott,  George  Payne,  William  Cabbell,  James  Holman,  Isham 
Randolph,  James  Skelton,  George  Raine,  &  Anthony  Hoggatt,  gent, 
to  be  Justices  of  Oyer  and  Terminer  for  the  tryall  of  Champion  a  Negro 
man  slave,  Lucy  a  Negro  woman  slave  both  belonging  to  Hutchins 


NOTES   AND   QUERIES.  329 

Burton,  Sampson,  Harry,  &  George,  three  Negro  men  slaves  belonging 
to  William  Randolph  Esq'e  &  Valentine  a  Negro  man  slave  belonging 
to  Bowler  Cocke  gent,  being  read  as  also  the  Dedimus  for  administer- 
ing the  Oaths  &  Test  therein  mentioned  George  Payne  &  Anthony 
Hoggatt  gent,  administter  the  oaths  appointed  by  Act  of  Parliament 
to  be  taken  instead  of  the  Oaths  of  Allegiance  and  Supremacy  the  Oath 
appointed  to  be  taken  by  an  Act  of  Parliament  made  in  the  first  year 
of  the  reign  of  his  late  Majesty  King  George  the  ffirst  Entitled  An  Act 
for  the  further  security  of  his  Majesty's  person  and  Government  and  the 
Succession  of  the  Crown  in  the  Heirs  of  the  late  Princess  Sophia  being 
Protestants  and  for  extinguishing  the  hopes  of  the  pretended  Prince  of 
Wales  and  his  open  &  secret  abettors,  unto  John  ffleming  &  Daniel 
Stoner,  gent,  who  Subscribe  the  Test  take  the  Oath  for  duly  executing 
the  Office  of  a  Commissioner  of  Oyer  and  Terminer,  and  then  adminis- 
ter the  said  Oaths  &  Test  unto  Tarlton  ffleming,  George  Payne,  James 
Skelton  &  Anthony  Hoggatt,  gent. 

Champion  being  brought  to  the  Barr  an  Indictment  against  him  for 
feloniously  murdering  Robert  Allen  of  this  County  is  read  the  prisoner 
confesses  himself  guilty  of  the  said  murder  and  it  is  thereupon  con- 
sidered by  the  court  that  he  return  to  the  place  from  whence  he  came 
and  from  thence  to  the  place  of  Execution  there  to  be  hanged  by  the 
neck  on  Wednesday  next  between  the  hours  of  eleven  and  two  till 
he  be  dead.  The  Court  value  the  said  Negro  at  thirty  pounds  Curr*t 
money. 

George,  Sampson  &  Harry,  being  brought  to  the  Barr  several  Indict- 
ments against  them  for  feloniously  murdering  Robert  Allen  of  this 
County  are  read  the  prisoners  plead  not  guilty  whereupon  the,Witnesses 
&  the  prisoners  defence  being  heard  it  is  the  opinion  of  the  Court  that 
they  are  not  guilty  and  they  are  thereupon  acquitted. 

Valentine  bein^  brought  to  the  Barr  an  Indictment  against  him  for 
feloniously  murdering  Robert  Allen  of  this  County  is  read  the  prisoner 
pleads  not  guilty  whereupon  the  Witnesses  &  the  prisoners  defence 
being  heard  it  is  the  opinion  of  the  Court  that  he  is  guilty  and  it  is  con- 
sidered that  he  return  to  the  place  from  whence  he  came  and  from 
thence  to  the  place  of  Execution  there  to  be  hanged  by  the  neck  on 
Wednesday  next  between  the  hours  of  eleven  &  two  till  he  be  dead. 
The  Court  value  the  said  Negro  at  forty  pounds  Curr*t  money. 

Lucy  being  brought  to  the  Barr  an  Indictment  against  her  for  felo- 
niously murdering  Robert  Allen  of  this  County  is  read  the  prisoner 
pleads  not  guilty  and  whereupon  the  Witnesses  and  the  prisoners  de- 
fence being  heard  ft  is  the  opinion  of  the  Court  that  she  is  not  guilty  of 
the  murder  but  upon  Consideration  that  she  is  supposed  to  have  known 
of  the  murder  after  it  was  committed  &  did  not  discover  the  same  it  is 
Ordered  that  she  receive  on  her  bare  back  twenty  one  lashes  well  laid 
on  at  the  Comon  whipping  post  &  that  she  be  then  discharged. 


330  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Ordered  that  the  heads  &  quarters  of  Champion  &  Valentine  be  set 
up  in  severall  parts  of  this  County. 

A  Copy — Teste : 

P.  G.  Miller, 
Deputy  Clerk  Goochland  County  Court. 
November  23d,  i89j. 


At  a  Court  held  for  Goochland  County  the  ninth  day  of  October  Anno 
Domi  MDCCXXXIII  for  laying  the  County  leevy. 

Present : 

John  ffleming,  Daniel  Sfoner,  Tarlton  ffleming,  George  Payne, 
William  Cabbell,  James  Skelton,  Gent.  Justices. 

Goochland  County Dr.     Tobacco. 

To  Thomas  Walker  &  Joseph  Dabbs  sub-sherifs  for  a  mis- 
take in  the  levey  in  1732 10 

To  Do.  for  going  to  Williamsburg  for  a  Comission  of  Oyer 
&  Terminer  to  try  Champion,  Lucy,  Valentine,  Samp- 
son, Harry  &  George,  Negros  90  miles  going  at  2lb  and 

90  miles  returning  at  2lb  p.  mile 360 

To  Do.  for  sumoning  the  Justices  and  attending  the  Court 

for  the  tryal  of  the  said  Negros 200 

To  Do.  for  Executing  Champion  &  Valentine,  2501b  each . .  500 

To  Do.  for  providing  Tarr,  burying  the  trunk,  cutting  out 
the  quarters  a  Pott,  Carts  &  horses,  carrying  and  setting 
up  the  heads  &  quarters  of  the  two  Negros  at  the  places 

mentioned  by  order  of  Court 2cxx) 

To  Do.  for  gallows  &  ropes  to  hang  the  two  said  Negros. . .  60 

To  Do.  for  24  days  imprisonment  of  Champion  ®  51b  p.  day.  120 

To  Do.  for  22  days  imprisonment  of  Lucy  @  51b no 

To  Do.  for  Comitment  &  releasment  of  Lucy,   Sampson, 

George  &  Harry 80 

To  Do.  for  12  days  imprisonment  of  Valentine  (a)  51b 60 

To  Do.  for  4  days  imprisonment  of  Sampson  ©  sib 20 

To  Do.  for  4  days  imprisonment  of  Harry  C»)  slb 20 

To  Do.  for  4  days  imprisonment  of  George  @  slb 20 

An  Extract— Teste  * 

P.  G.  Miller, 
Dep.  Clerk  Goochland  Co.  Ct. 

Nov.  23d,  1893. 


NOTES  AND   QUERIES.  331 

Commodore  Walter  Brooke. — Miss  H.  R.  Rooker,  of  Charlestown, 
W.  Va.,  sends  us  the  following  sketch  of  Commodore  Walter  Brooke — 
her  grandfather — whose  name,  it  will  be  recalled,  was  included  in  the 
list  of  the  officers  of  the  Virginia  Navy  during  the  Revolution, 
published  in  the  July  (1893)  number  of  the  Magazine,  Commodore 
Brooke  was  one  of  the  three  officers  of  that  grade  connected  with  the 
Virginia  Navy  at  that  time : 

Walter  Brooke  was  a  direct  descendant  of  the  first  of  his  name  who 
settled  in  Maryland,  Robert  Brooke,  who,  according  to  the  old  record 
from  which  I  copy,  *' arrived  out  of  England,  in  Maryland,  ye  29th  of 
June,  1650,  in  ye  48th  year  of  his  age,  with  his  wife  and  ten  children, 
and  28  white  servants.  He  was  the  first  that  did  seat  Patuxent,  about 
20  miles  up  the  river,  at  Delia  Brooke."  From  these  eight  sons  and 
two  daughters  there  were  numerous  descendants,  who,  in  time,  spread 
from  St.  Mary's  county  to  the  counties  of  Charles,  Prince  George ,  and 
Montgomery  in  Maryland,  and  some  of  whom  probably  emigrated  to 
the  neighboring  State  of  Virginia.  Walter  Brooke  was  a  native  of 
Charles  county,  where  his  father,  Thomas  Brooke,  resided,  at  his  es- 
tate *'  Chickamuxen,"  on  the  Potomac.  The  father  having  married  into 
the  Mason  family  of  Virginia,  his  son  afterwards  took  up  his  residence 
in  that  State,  which  accounts  for  his  being  in  the  Virginia  Navy. 
Having  lost  his  father  before  attaining  his  majority,  he  showed  no  in- 
clination to  settle  down  quietly  to  a  planter's  life,  but  displayed  that 
love  of  adventure  which  he  may  have  inherited  from  the  early  settler, 
and  which  led  him  to  adopt  a  nautical  life.  We  afterwards  find  him  in 
command  of  a  merchant  vessel  sailing  to  London  from  Alexandria 
(called  in  those  early  days  Belle  Haven),  which  was  then  a  port  of  much 
greater  importance  than  at  present. '  In  a  letter  to  him,  dated  i6th 
February,  1775,  ^he  writer  says :  **  You  are  take  care  not  to  carry  goods 
of  any  kind,  as  the  Committees  are  very  strict,  and  if  you  transgress 
any  of  the  resolves  of  the  General  Congress,  it  will  ruin  your  voyage 
and  render  you  obnoxious  to  your  country."  This,  it  will  be  observed, 
was  two  months  before  the  battle  of  Lexington,  and  we  seem  to  catch 
the  mutterings  of  the  approaching  storm  which  was  soon  to  burst  over 
the  land. 

Naturally,  when  the  Navy  Boards  were  looking  for  commanders  of 
their  vessels,  their  attention  was  called  to  Captain  Brooke,  as  a  man  of 
experience  in  that  line.  From  the  records  of  the  Navy  Board  at  Wil- 
liamsburg, it  appears  that  he  was  the  Captain  of  the  sloop  "  Liberty  " 
in  August  1776  ;  and  in  the  journal  of  the  Virginia  Council.  8th  April, 
1777,  appears  this  entry:  **Onthe  recommendation  of  the  Navy  Board 
it  is  ordered  that  a  commission  issue  appointing  Walter  Brooke,  com- 
modore of  the  Navy  of  this  State."  A  few  extracts  from  letters  of 
Thomas  Whiting,  First  Commissioner  of  the  Navy  Board,  to  Commo- 
dore Brooke  will  throw  some  light  on  the  duties  of  this  post. 

loth  April  1777.    We  are  informed  on  very  good  authority  that  a 


i« 


332  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

fleet  of  men-of-war  and  transports,  with  troops  from  the  Northward^ 
may  be  expected  in  the  Bay  every  day.  You  are  therefore  desired  to 
order  the  two  Captain  Barrons  to  keep  an  extraordinary  lookout,  and 
should  there  arrive  any  such  ships-of-war  or  transports  in  the  Bay, 
direct  them  to  give  immediate  notice  thereof  to  this  Board."  "June 
II,  1777.  Sir:  We  have  received  your  letter  of  the  loth  of  this  inst., 
and  we  are  of  opinion  that  the  Hero  and  Revenge  Galleys  should  re- 
main at  their  former  station  at  Hampton,  and  the  Henry  and  Mealy 
Galleys  be  sent  to  Norfolk  bay.  We  are  exceedingly  sorry  to  be  in- 
formed of  any  discontents  prevail  among  the  officers.  A  moment's 
attention  to  the  nature  of  the  service  in  which  they  are  engaged  would 
convince  them  that  no  circumstances  can  be  productive  of  more  real 
injury.  Your  own  discretion,  we  trust,  will  point  out  to  you  the  most 
proper  method  of  quieting  the  dissatisfaction.  As  soon  as  you  and  Cap- 
tain Maxwell  are  at  leisure,  we  propose  to  have  every  regulation  made 
which  may  conduce  to  the  good  government  of  the  navy."  A  note 
from  Mr.  Whiting,  August  i,  1777,  alludes  to  difficulties,  the  like  of 
which  troubled  the  Confederate  Government,  not  quite  a  century 
later.  It  reads:  "You  are  desired  to  give  the  County  Lieutenants 
every  assistance  in  your  power  in  collecting  the  boats  or  other  vessels 
which  may  facilitate  the  escape  of  our  internal  enemies  or  slaves  to  the 
enemy  with  provisions." 

"  25  August  1777.  You  are  desired  to  give  orders  to  the  Captains  of 
the  different  vessels  in  the  Naval  service  to  keep  the  strictest  watch 
on  the  enemy,  as  it  is  more  than  probable  that  they  will  be  attacked  by 
some  of  their  armed  vessels,  as  soon  as  they  have  landed  their  troops. 
You  are  desired  to  station  at  Hampton  the  Norfolk,  Revenge,  Hero 
and  Henry  Galleys,  and  grant  a^  few  furloughs  as  possible  during  the 
time  of  danger."  "  2d  September  1777.  You  are  desired  immediately 
on  receipt  hereof  to  order  one  of  the  Captain  Barrons  with  his  vessel  to 
Gwinn's  Island  in  order  to  assist  in  transporting  troops  from  that  place 
to  the  Eastern  Shore.  Captain  Barron  must  be  directed  to  follow  such 
orders  as  he  may  receive  from  the  commanding  officer  of  the  said 
troops  respecting  their  transportation,  and  to  keep  this  matter  as  se- 
cret as  possible." 

This  corrects  a  rather  widely-spread  error  in  naval  circles  to  the 
effect  that  Commodore  Barron  was  the  senior  officer  and  com- 
mander-in-chief of  the  naval  forces  during  the  Revolution.  Com- 
mander Brooke  was  senior  in  command  till  his  resignation,  when  he 
was  succeeded  by  Commodore  Barron,  who  had  served  as  captain  un- 
der him.  In  a  letter  to  his  family  dated  Williamsburg,  May  28,  17781 
he  writes:  **Icame  here  yesterday  being  requested  by  the  Governor 
and  Council  on  a  small  expedition,  which  I  hope  soon  to  complete. 
My  orders  are  now  being  made  out  by  the  Navy  Board  and  I  shall  de- 
part from  here  this  afternoon.  We  only  go  to  Cape  Charles."  What 
this  expedition  was,  or  how  it  resulted,  1  have  no  means  of  knowing. 


NOTES   AND   QUERIES.  333 

I  should  be  pleased  if  any  one  familiar  with  old  Revolutionary 
chronicles  could  throw  light  on  the  subject. 

He  resigned  his  commission  September  30,  1778,  being  con»pelled  to 
do  so  from  failing  health,  owing  to  repeated  attacks  of  gout,  from 
which  disease  he  ultimately  died.  He  expired  at  his  home,  Retire- 
mont,  Fairfax  county,  Va.,  January,  1798.  It  is  said,  on  good  authority, 
that  when  General  Washington  heard  of  his  death,  he  remarked  :  **If  ever 
there  was  an  honest  man.  Commodore  Brooke  was  one."  To  such 
high  testimony  it  is  needless  to  add  anything  further. 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that  the  record  of  his  public  services  is  so  meagre, 
but  from  the  fact  that  the  State  of  Virginia  saw  fit  to  present  to  him 
and  his  descendants  ten  thousand  acres  of  land,  it  is  presumed  that  she 
placed  a  reasonably  high  estimate  on  them.  (See  **  Military  Land  War- 
rants," Vol.  I.,  page  192,  and  Vol.  IIL,  page  184). 

A  grandson  of  Commodore  Brooke  was  the  late  Captain  Benjamin 
£.  Brooke,  United  States  Marine  Corps,  who  died  in  Washington  in 
1858.  He  is  remembered  by  the  old  members  of  the  Corps  as  an 
officer  of  sterling  worth,  and  a  refined  and  courteous  gentleman. 

•  Harriet  R.  Rocker. 

Charlestown^  W.  Va.^  September  6.  1893. 


QUERIES. 

Charles  Carter,  of  Cleve,  born  1707,  died  1764;  married  first,  1728, 
Mary  Walker.  Who  was  Mary  Walker's  father,  and  to  what  Walker 
family  did  they  belong?  A  pedigree  or  any  information  concerning  the 
family  is  desired. 

Whom  did  Robert  Peyton  of  Virginia  marry  ?  His  daughter  Eliza- 
beth married  Peter  Beverley,  of  Virginia,  who  died  ^728. 

Pedigree  of  the  Hill  family  of  Virginia  is  desired ;  also  information 
is  requested  as  to  whom  the  following  Hills  married  :  Captain  Edward 
Hill,  Colonel  Edward  Hill,  died  1663 ;  Colonel  Edward  Hill,  born  1637, 
died  1700;  General  Edward  Hill,  of  Shirley,  died  1748.  The  daughter 
of  General  Hill,  of  Shirley  (Elizabeth)  married,  1723,  John  Carter,  of 
Coratoman,  born  1690,  died  1743. 

Moore  Fauntleroy,  who  came  to  Virginia  1643,  married  Mary  Hill, 
1648 ;  was  Mary  Hill  the  sister  of  Col.  Edward  Hill  and  daughter  of  Capt. 
Hill,  or  was  she  the  daughter  of  Colonel  Edward  Hill,  who  died  1663? 

John  Bushrod,  born  1665,  died  1719;  married  Hannah  Keene,  daugh- 
ter of  William  Keene  and  his  wife  Elizabeth.  Pedigree  of  the  Keene 
family  is  desired. 

William  Fauntleroy,  married,  1680,  Katharine  Griffin,  daughter  of 

Colonel  Samuel  Griffin.    When  did  Colonel  Griffin  settle  in  Virginia, 

and  whom  did  he  marry  ?    Information  regarding  the  Griffin  family  is 

requested. 

Col.  E.  M.  Hevl,  U.  S.  A., 

401  Pullman  Buildingy  Chicago. 


334 


VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


SPECIFIC  TAXES,  I780. 

Louisville,  Ky.,  Oct  25,  1893. 

Editor  of  the  Virginia  Magazine  of  History  and  Biography  : 

I  send  you  a  copy  of  Specific  Taxes  collected  in  Henry  County, 

Virginia,  in  1780.    The  original  is  among  the  papers  of  Judge  Innes  now 

in  my  possession. 

Yours  truly, 

George  D.  Todd. 

Account  of  publick  Grain  received  of  Henry  Lyne  &  Thomas  Thrail- 
kili,  Com'rs  of  the  Specific  Tax  in  Henry  County  August,  1780,  and 
sold  at  Henry  Court  House  as  below : 


Whom  Sold  too. 


Joseph  Anthony 

Do 

Charles  Finch 

Walters  Dunn 

Joseph  Habersham 

Do 

f ohn  Fontaine 

William  Tunstall 

Do 

Do 

Joseph  Cooper 

John  Barksdell. .  * 

Henry  Lyne 

Do 

Do 

John  Fontaine 

Isaac  McDonald  

James  Rea 

George  Haerston 

Josiah  Carter 

Joseph  Webster 

Mary  Hickey 

Michael  Rowland 

Michael  Kelly 

George  Lamb 

Henry  Lyne 

Patrick  Henry,  Esq'r  . . 

Do 

Do 

Marvel  Nash 

Abraham  Penn 

Do 


Bus.Wht. 


Bbls. 


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Bus.  Com. 


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NOTES   AND   QUERIES. 


335 


Whom  Sold  too. 


Amount  Brought  Over 

• 

Eliphaz  Shelton 

James  Lyon 

William  Alexander 

Thomas  Bedford 

Col.  Joseph  Habersham 

Robert  Mason 

Joseph  Carter 

John  Dickson 

William  Ryon 

James  Parbury 

Peter  Saunders 

Do 

Zacariah  McGuire 

William  Bartie 

'4ames  Spencer 

Swinfield>Hill 

John  McLaughlin 

Peter  Saunders 

Luke  Stanefer 

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£  Peter  Saunders. 

Henry  Cty.— Jet. 

Peter  Saunders  came  before  me  a  Justice  and  made  oath  that  the 

above  Accost  is  just. 

Given  under  my  hand  thus  22d  day  of  August  1782. 

Henry  Lyne. 

Memo'dum. — Patrick  Henry  Esqr  is  indebted  to  this  Common  Wealth 
in  the  County  of  Henry  Seven  Barrels  Com  &  three  Bushels  Corn  for 
year  1780  purchased  of  Peter  Saunders  at  L  40  p  Barrel. 

Henry  Lyne,  Comr. 


The  above  Colo  Peter  Saunders  refuses  to  take. 


H.  L. 


Colo.  Henry  says  that  Joseph  Clay,  Esqr  of  South  Carolina  purchased 
this  Com  &  informed  him  that  he  paid  the  money  into  the  Treasury. 


Henry  Innes, 
Dist.  Comr. 


386  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


Necrology  of  Virginia  Historical  Society,  1893. 

Legh  R.  Page  was  born  at  New  Glasgow,  in  Amherst  county, 
March  loth,  1835.  He  was  a  son  of  Rev.  Charles  H.  Page,  a  clergy- 
man of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  and  a  member  of  the  well- 
known  Page  family  of  Virginia.  Legh  R.  Page  was  a  nephew  in  the 
third  generation  of  Light  Horse  Harry  Lee,  of  the  Revolutionary 
Army,  and  therefore  a  cousin  of  General  Robert  E.  Lee,  Commander 
of  the  Confederate  forces  in  the  war  between  the  States.  His  boyhood 
was  passed  in  Kentucky,  in  which  State  his  father  at  that  time  resided. 
He  had  not  yet  reached  manhood  when  he  began  the  practice  of  law 
at  Lexington,  Mississippi,  in  partnership  with  the  present  senior 
United  States  Senator  from  that  Commonwealth,  Hon.  J.  Z.  George. 
When  the  war  broke  out  he  became  captain  of  the  Lexington  (Miss.) 
Guards.  He  accompanied  these  troops  to  Virginia  and  served  gal- 
lantly through  the  whole  of  the  great  contest.  While  in  command  of 
posts  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Richmond  he  was  appointed  on  the 
staff  of  General  Ewell,  with  the  rank  of  adjutant-general'.  At  the 
close  of  the  war  Major  Page  married  Miss  Page  Waller,  and  establishc<l 
himself  in  Richmond  as  a  member  of  the  bar.  He  soon  acquired  promi- 
nence in  his  profession,  more  particularly  in  practice  in  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  State.  He  was  counsel  in  many  of  the  leading  cases  of 
his  time,  including  Thorndyke  vs.  Reynolds,  Ould  and  Carrington  vs. 
Meyers,  Norfolk  Exchange  Bank  Cases,  Samuel  Miller  Will  Case,  At- 
lantic, Mississippi  and  Ohio  Railroad  Bond  Case,  and  others  which 
attracted  an  equal  degree  of  attention. 

,  For  several  years  Major  Page  was  the  City  Attorney  of  Richmond. 
He  died  on  the  8th  of  June,  1893,  in  Chicago,  to  which  city  he  had  gone 
for  the  purpose  of  attending  the  wedding  of  a  kinsman.  Major  Page 
was  a  man  of  great  dignity  of  character,  of  vigorous  talents,  reserved 
in  his  manners  but  strong  in  his  attachments. 


John  E.  DeWitt,  of  Portland,  Me.,  was  killed  in  the  frightful  dis- 
aster of  Thursday,  August  31,  1893,  on  the  line  of  the  Boston  and 
Albany  Railroad,  at  Chester,  near  Springfield,  Mass.  His  ancestors  in 
some  lines  came  to  this  country  soon  after  1650,  and  were  residents  of 
New  York  city.  Ten  of  his  ancestors  took  an  active  part  in  the  Revo- 
lutionary war.  Mr.  DeWitt  was  the  son  of  Cornelius  W.  and  Charity 
H.  (Van  Gaasbeek)  DeWitt,  and  was  bom  in  Milford,  Pennyslvania, 
August  4,  1839.  By  the  illness  and  death  of  his  father,  he  was  thrown 
upon  his  own  resources  at  the  age  of  fourteen,  at  which  age  he  left  his 
home  and  became  a  clerk  in  New  York  city.  During  the  war  he  held 
a  responsible  position  as  clerk  in  the  office  of  a  leading  merchant  there. 
After  dissolving  connection  with  him,  Mr.  DeWitt  engaged  in  the  busi- 


NECROLOGY   OF   VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL  SOCIETY.  337 

ness  of  life  insurance,  and  became  a  canvassing  agent  for  the  Phoenix 
Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company  of  Hartford,  Conn.,  in  which  capacity 
he  achieved  a  great  success.  His  reputation  was  such  that  he  was  soon 
called  to  the  presidency  of  the  United  States  Life  Insurance  Company 
of  New  York  city,  which  position  he  held  until  1876.  During  the  early 
part  of  that  year  there  was  occasion  to  elect  a  president  of  this  com- 
pany, and  after  a  careful  examination  and  inquiry,  Mr.  DeWitt  was 
unanimously  elected  a  director  and  president  on  the  28tli  day  of  July, 
1876.  and  entered  at  once  upon  the  discharge  of  the  duties  of  the  office. 
While  this  company  was  chartered  by  the  State  of  Maine,  it  had  been 
allowed  to  have  its  principal  office  in  Boston,  but  in  1881  it  was  trans- 
ferred to  Portland,  Maine,  was  re-organized,  and  under  Mr.  DeWitt*s 
presidency  continued  to  increase  in  prosperity. 

Mr.  DeWitt  had  been  president  of  the  Portland  Society  of  Art ;  was 
at  the  time  of  his  death  president  of  the  Maine  Society  of  the  Sons  of 
the  American  Revolution  ;  was  a  director  in  the  Portland  National 
Bank,  in  the  organization  of  which  he  was  prominent;  was  president 
of  the  Union  Safe  Deposit  &  Trust  Co.,  of  Portland;  was  a  member  of 
the  Falmouth  Club,  Cumberland  Club  and  Athletic  Club,  of  Portland  ; 
of  the  Algonquin  Club,  Boston;  of  the  Union  League  Club,  Lotus  Club, 
St.  Nicholas  Club,  and  the  Holland  Society,  of  New  York.  Mr.  DeWitt 
was  also  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  of  Portland;  the  Young 
Men's  Democratic  Club,  of  Portland;  the  Maine  State  Society,  for  the 
Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  animals ;  the  Maine  Genealogical  Society. 


Robert  Henry  Whitlock,  son  of  R.  H.  and  Jane  C.  Whitlock,  was 
born  in  Richmond  city  on  the  30th  of  December,  1839,  and  died  on  the 
i6th  of  May,  1893.  At  the  beginning  of  the  late  war  he  left  his  father's 
counting  room  and  joined  the  Richmond  Company,  commanded  by 
that  gallant  officer,  John  S.  Walker.  Subsequently  he  obtained  a  trans- 
fer to  the  New  Kont  Company  in  the  Third  Virginia  Cavalry.  His 
ardent  courage  made  him  conspicuous  in  every  engagement  in  which 
he  participated.  At  Nancy's  Shop,  in  the  summer  of  1864,  having 
pressed  forward  much  beyond  the  line  of  battle,  he  received  a  wound 
so  desperate  that,  upon  being  removed  to  the  field  hospital,  the  surgeon 
declared  that  it  was  useless  to  attempt  to  save  his  life.  His  older 
brother,  however,  brought  him  to  Richmond,  where,  after  an  illness  of 
many  months,  he  recovered.  Soon  after  the  close  of  the  war,  with  a 
small  capital,  Mr.  Whitlock  embarked  in  a  manufacturing  enterprise, 
and  this  business  he  prosecuted  with  such  energy  and  judgment  that  it 
was  soon  successful,  enabling  him  to  amass  a  considerable  fortune.  In 
1867  he  united  himself  with  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  in  the 
affairs  of  which  he  took  an  active  part.  In  1878  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Lou  Ford,  of  Covington,  Ky.  For  a  number  of  years  Mr.  Whitlock  was 
a  useful  member  of  the  City  Council. 

8 


338  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL    MAGAZINE. 

Rear  Admiral  Thornton  A.  Jenkins,  U.  S.  N.— Rear  Admiral 
Thornton  A.  Jenkins  was  appointed  midshipman  from  Virginia  in  No- 
vember, 1828,  and  served  five  years  in  the  West  Indies  in  the  "  Natchez," 
"  Vandalia,"  and  the  boat  squadron  in  pursuit  of  the  Cuban  pirates. 
He  passed  at  the  head  of  his  class  at  his  examination  for  promotioa 
June  2,  1834,  in  a  class  of  eighty -two;  was  on  Coast  Survey  from  1854 
to  1842,  having  been  made  lieutenant  in  1839 ;  served  in  the  "  Con- 
gress "  in  the  Mediterranean,  and  was  present  at  the  capture  of  the 
Buenos  Ayrean  squadron  off  Montevideo  in  September,  1844 ;  0°  special 
service  in  Europe,  i845-*6;  executive  officer  of  **Germantown  "  during 
the  Mexican  war,  and  commanded  store-ship  "  Relief."  during  the  latter 
part  of  the  war.  He  was  actively  engaged  at  Tuspan  and  Tabasco,  and 
was  employed  in  the  Coast  Survey  from  1848  to  1852 ;  was  secretary  of 
Light-house  Board  from  1853  to  1858;  commander,  1855;  commanded 
the  "  Preble,"  in  the  expedition  to  Paraguay  and  Gulf  of  Mexico :  was 
at  San  Juan  d'Ulloa  during  the  seige  of  General  Miramon,  and  con- 
veyed the  prizes  ** Miramon,*'  and  "Marquis  of  Havana,"  with  their 
crews  and  passengers  as  prisoners,  to  New  Orleans.  In  i86r  he  was 
secretary  of  Light-house  Board  ;  captain  in  July,  1862 ;  commanded 
'*  Wachusett  "  in  the  James  and  Potomac  rivers  ;  was  the  senior  officer 
of  those  present  in  the  attacks  at  Coggin's  Point  and  City  Point.  In 
the  fall  of  1862  he  was  in  command  of  "Oneida/'  blockading  off  Mo- 
bile ;  was  next  appointed  'fleet  captain  and  chief  of  staff  of  Farragut's 
fleet;  present  at  the  passage  of  Port  Hudson  and  fight  with  Grand 
Gulf  batteries,  Warrenton  and  Grand  Gulf;  was  present  at  the  seige  of 
and  the  attack  upon  Port  Hudson,  May,  1863 ;  was  wounded  on  board 
the  *' Monongahela  "  during  the  battle  with  the  enemy's  batteries  at 
College  Point,  Mississippi  river,  being  in  command  of  three  armed  ves- 
sels engaged  in  convoy  duty.  He  was  in  command  of  the  "  Richmond,'* 
and  senior  officer  in  command  of  the  naval  forces  below,  at  the  time 
of  the  surrender  of  Port  Hudson,  July  9,  1863.  -He  commanded  a 
division  on  the  Mobile  blockade,  from  December,  1863,  to  the  battle  of 
Mobile  Bay,  August  5,  1864,  in  which,  and  all  the  subsequent  operations* 
he  took  part.  He  was  left  in  command  of  the  Mobile  Bay  division  unti^ 
February,  1865.  He  was  then  ordered  to  James  river,  and  remained 
there  until  after  the  end  of  the  war. 

Captain  Jenkins  was  made  Commodore  in  1866,  while  chief  of  the 
Bureau  of  Navigation.  In  1869  he  became  secretary  of  the  Light-house 
Board,  and  Rear  Admiral  in  1870.  He  commanded  the  Asiatic  Squad- 
ron, and  was  relieved  on  that  station  in  1873,  having  reached  the  age 
of  retirememt  in  December.  In  March,  1874,  he  was  appointed  by  the 
President  commissioner  to  represent  the  Navy  Department  at  the  Cen- 
tennial Exhibition  of  1876,  at  Fairmont  Park,  Philadelphia. 

He  died  on  the  9th  of  August,  1893,  at  Washington,  D.  C. 


NECROLOGY   OF  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL  SOCIETY.  339 

Adolphus  Blair,  of  Richmond,  Va.,  was  born  January  31st,  1842,  and 
died  November  ist,  1893.  He  was  the  son  of  John  H.  Blair,  and  Auditor 
of  Richmond  and  Danville  Railroad  Company,  and  a  grandson  of 
John  G.  Blair,  cashier  of  the  Farmers*  and  Exchange  Bank,  an  in- 
stitution in  existence  before  the  late  war.  The  famous  Parson  Blair 
was  his  great-grandfather.  His  mother.  Miss  Lucy  Mayo,  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  well-known  family  of  that  name.  At  the  age  of  sixteen 
Mr.  Blair  entered  the  Confederate  array  and  served  throughout  the 
war,  rising  to  the  rank  of  captain.  He  was  wounded  five  times  while 
participating  in  the  battles  of  Seven  Pines  and  Bull  Run,  and  in  the 
charge  of  Pickett's  Division  at  Gettysburg.  After  the  close  of  the  war 
Mr.  Blair  established  himself  in  business  in  Richmond,  in  which  city  he 
spent  the  remainder  of  his  life,  holding  a  position  of  prominence  in 
business,  religious  and  social  circles. 


Dr.  W.  B.  Towles  was  born  March  7,  1847,  at  Columbia,  Fluvanna 
county,  Va.,  and  was  the  son  of  a  well-known  physician.  His  ancestry 
is  traced  back  through  his  grandfather,  Major  Oliver  Towles,  of  the  war 
of  1812,  to  his  great-grandfather.  Colonel  Oliver  Towles  of  the  Sixth  regi- 
ment of  the  Line  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  who  was  also  among  the 
founders  oCthe  Society  of  the  Cincinnati.  In  1863,  when  barely  16  years 
old,  he  left  his  home  to  enter  the  reserve  corps  of  the  Confederate  States 
army.  A  few  months  later  he  was  put  upon  active  duty,  and  continued 
in  the  military  service  until  the  close  of  the  civil  war. 

The  two  succeeding  years  were  spent  upon  the  farm  of  his  father 
who  had  moved  to  Cumberland  county,  in  1854,  in  the  management  of 
the  farm  and  in  private  study  In  1867,  he  entered  the  University  of 
Virginia,  and,  in  a  single  session,  completed  the  medical  course  and  at- 
tained the  degree  of  M.  D.,  in  spite  of  an  illness  of  more  than  six  weeks. 
From  1868,  to  1872  he  was  engaged  in  the  practice  of  medicine  in  Mis- 
souri, and  in  1872  he  returned  to  the  University  of  Virginia  as  demon-  ,  .^ 
strator  for  the  accomplishef]  anatomist.  Dr.  John  Staige  Davis.  In  1885, 
upon  the  death  of  Dr.  Davis,  he  was  promoted  to  the  full  chair,  which 
he  filled  with  the  highest  degree  of  efficiency  up  to  the  day  of  his  death, 
which  occurred  September  15,  1893. 


William  Thomas  Sutherlin,  of  Danville,  Va.,  was  the  eldest  son 
of  George  S.  and  Mary  Norman  Sutherlin,  and  was  born  near  Danville, 
April  7th,  1822.  His  education  was  acquired  in  private  schools  in 
Pittsylvania  and  Franklin  counties.  On  reaching  manhood  he  settled 
in  Danville  and  entered  into  trade  as  a  dealer  in  leaf  tobacco,  in  which 
business  he  continued  until  the  beginning  of  the  war,  amassing  a  very 
handsome  fortune. 

From  1855  to  1861,  Mr.  Sutherlin  was  mayor  of  Danville,  and  in  i86r, 
he  was  elected  to  represent  his  community  in  the  Convention  which 


340  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

passed  the  Ordinance  of  Secession.  When  war  began  he  joined 
the  Confederate  army  and  was  stationed  at  Danville,  with  the 
rank  of  major  and  quarter-master.  During  the  progress  of  the 
war  he  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Works  of  Danville.  He 
served  as  a  member  of  the  Legislature  in  the  session  of  i872-*74^ 
and  for  two  years  was  president  of  the  Virginia  State  Agricultu- 
ral Society.  He  also  founded  the  Border  Agricultural  Society 
of  Danville,  and  for  several  years  was  its  president.  At  the 
time  of  his  death  he  was  president  of  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture. 
Throughout  his  life  he  showed  the  warmest  interest  in  the  agricultural 
affairs  of  his  native  State,  and  contributed  by  his  example,  as  well  as  by 
words,  to  the  advancement  of  its  agricultural  condition. 

In  thirteen  years  Major  Sutherlin  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Directors  of  the  Richmond  and  Danville  Railroad  and  took  a  leading 
part  in  the  development  of  that  public  improvement.  He  built  the 
Milton  and  Sutherlin  Road  and  also  the  Danville  and  Western.  He  was 
the  organizer  of  the  Danville  Bank,  and  also  organized  and  was  the 
first  president  of  the  Border  Grange  Bank,  of  Danville.  It  was  due  to 
his  efforts  that  the  first  Methodist  church  was  built  in  Danville.  He 
was  one  of  its  official  board  and  thus  became  closely  identified  with 
church-work  and  continued  to  be  until  his  death.  He  was  for  seve- 
ral years  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Randolph  and  Macon 
College,  and  was  one  of  the  leading  spirits  in  the  establishment  of 
the  Danville  College  for  young  ladies,  and  was  the  first  president  of 
its  Board  of  Trustees. 

At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  a  member  and  past  master  of  Roman 
Eagle  lodge,  member  and  past  master  of  Morotock  lodge,  companion 
of  Euclid  chapter,  Royal  Arch  Masons,  and  frater  of  Dove  Comman- 
dery  Knights  Templar, 

The  wife  of  Major  Sutherlin  was  Miss  Jane  E.  Patrick,  the  daughter 
of  William  and  Martha  Patrick,  of  Greensboro,  N.  C. 


John  Montgomery  West  died  in  Petersburg,  Va.,  August  23d,  1892, 
in  the  sixty-fifth  year  of  his  age.  He  was  born  in  Concord,  New 
Hampshire,  and  settled  in  Virginia  in  1846,  where  he  associated  him- 
self in  the  book  business  with  his  brother  George  M.  West,  under  the 
Exchange  hotel.  At  a  later  date  he  moved  to  Petersburg,  to  take 
charge  of  the  agency  of  the  Adams  Express  Company,  remaining  there 
until  i860,  when  he  returned  to  Richmond,  forming  with  the  late  Thomas 
Johnston  the  concern  of  West  &  Johnston.  When  the  war  broke  out 
he  went  into  service  with  the  Richmond  Howitzers  and  was  elected  a 
lieutenant  in  the  3d  company,  but  left  them  after  the  second  year  and 
was  connected  with  the  Bureau  for  Exchange  of  Prisoners  in  charge 
of  Judge  Robert  Ould.  Here  he  remained  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
Captain  West  was  in  command  of  one  of  the  guns  at  Big  Bethel,  the 


NECROLOGY   OF  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL  SOCIETY.  341 

first  battle  of  the  war.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  the  ag^ent  of 
the  Old  Dominion  Steamship  Co. — a  position  the  duties  of  which  he 
had  faithfully  performed  for  a  number  of  years. 


Rev.  Edward  D.  Neill,  D.  D.,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  August 
9th,  1823,  and  was  a  member  of  a  family  which  has  produced  several 
men  of  distinction  in  letters  and  military  life.  He  became  a  student 
at  Amherst  College,  from  which  institution  he  received  the  degree  of 
Bachelor  of  Arts.  He  afterwards  studied  theology  at  Andover  and 
Philadelphia,  and  then  entered  the  Presbyterian  Ministry,  securing  his 
first  charge  in  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  which  he  filled  from  1849  to  1860- 
He  was  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  and  Chancellor  of  the 
University  of  Minnesota  from  1858  to  i86r.  When  ihe  war  between  the 
States  broke  out,  he  became  a  hospital  chaplain,  the  duties  of  which  he 
performed  until  the  close  of  the  contest.  From  1864  to  1869,  he  was 
the  Secretary  of  the  President  of  the  United  States  for  signing  land 
patents.  In  1869  and  1870.  he  held  the  position  of  Consul  at  Dublin. 
He  was  subsequently  President  of  Macalester  College  at  Minneapolis, 
in  which  institution  he  occupied  at  a  later  date  the  position  of  Professor 
of  History  Literature  and  Political  Economy.  He  was  also  rector  of 
the  Reformed  Episcopal  Church  in  Minneapolis.  Dr.  Neill  was  the 
author  of  several  historical  works,  including  English  Colonization  of 
America,  Founders  of  Maryland,  the  History  of  the  London  Company, 
Virginia  Vetu.sta  and  Virginia  Carolorum.  These  works  contain  a  large 
amount  of  valuable  gleanings.  The  comments  of  the  author  are,  for 
the  most  part,  rendered  worthless  by  numerous  inaccuracies  and  by  a 
spirit  which  finds  a  malignant  pleasure  in  looking  only  for  faults  and 
blots,  a  disposition  which  not  unjustly  exposed  him  to  the  charge  of 
being  a  historical  scavenger.  His  books  are  devoid  of  method  and  are 
lacking  in  literary  merit,  and  but  for  the  valuable  historical  papers, 
which  they  contain,  would,  from  the  beginning,  have  been  consigned  to 
the  oblivion  which,  in  other  respects,  they  deserve. 


Hamiltom  Fish,  of  New  York,  was  a  member  of  a  Knickerbocker 
family  of  destinction,  his  immediate  ancestor  having  played  a  part  of 
prominence  in  the  war  of  the  Revolution.  He  was  born  in  the  city  of 
New  York,  August  3d,  1808.  At  the  age  of  nineteen,  he  graduated  at 
Columbia  College,  and  three  years  later  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  The 
first  public  office  which  he  filled  was  a  Commissionership  of  deeds. 
Beginning  his  political  life  as  an  earnest  advocate  of  the  principles  of 
the  JVhig  party,  he  offered  himself  in  1634 — four  years  after  he  had 
entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  profession,  as  a  candidate  for  the  posi- 
tion of  representative  in  the  State  Assembly  on  the  IVhig  ticket,  but 
was  defeated.  In  1642,  he  became  the  IVhig  candidate  for  Congress 
in  the  Sixth  District,  and  was  elected.  Defeated  four  years  subse- 
quently for  the  Lieutenant  Governorship  of  the  State  in  a  popular  elec- 


342  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

tion,  he  was  advanced  to  the  position  when  Mr.  Gardiner,  the  successful 
candidate,  resigned.  In  1848,  Mr.  Fish  was  elected  Governor  of  New 
York,  and  in  1861,  was  sent  to  the  United  States  Senate.  While  a 
member  of  that  body  he  acted  with  the  Republican  party,  beings 
strongly  opposed  to  the  repeal  of  the  Missouri  Compromise.  In  the 
campaign  of  i860,  he  was  a  warm  supporter  of  Mr.  Lincoln.  Called  to  the 
cabinet  of  Gen.  U.  S.  Grant,  he  served  as  Secretary  of  State  through  both 
terms  of  that  President,  and  was  one  of  the  Commissioners  who.  in 
187 1,  negotiated  the  treaty  of  Washington.  Mr.  Fish  was  at  one  time. 
President  of  the  New  York  Historical  Society,  and  was  President-Gen- 
eral of  the  New  York  Society  of  the  Cincinnati.  He  was  also  a  life 
member  of  the  Virginia  Historical  Society. 


Francis  Parkman  was  born  in  Boston,  Massachusetts,  September 
16,  1823.  He  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1844.  After  the  completion  of 
the  academic  course,  he  devoted  himself  to  the  study  of  law,  with  the 
intention  of  following  that  profession.  Abandoning  this  plan  in  1846, 
in  that  year  he  started  for  the  West,  with  a  view  of  exploring  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  and  making  a  personal  study  of  Indian  life.  The 
results  of  his  observation  in  the  course  of  this  expedition  were  em- 
bodied in  a  series  of  articles  which  were  published  first  in  the  Knicker- 
bocker Magazine,  and  were  afterwards  printed  in  book  form.  Mr. 
Parkman  had  now  decided  to  give  himself  up  to  literary  work,  his  mind 
having  become  deeply  interested  in  the  subject  of  the  French  colonies 
in  North  America.  It  was  in  order  to  acquire  information  on  the  dif- 
ferent branches  of  this  subject,  that  he  visited  France  several  times 
between  the  years  1858  and  1881,  the  French  archives  being  thrown 
open  to  his  examination  by  the  French  Government.  Mr.  Parkman 
had  always  had  a  great  love  of  flowers,  and  so  extensive  was  his  know 
ledge  of  horticulture,  that  in  1871  he  was  appointed  professor  of  that 
science  in  Harvard  College.  His  life-work,  however,  was  his  history, 
which  appeared  in  a  series  of  volumes,  of  the  French  Power  in  North 
America,  which  is  remarkable  not  only  for  accuracy  and  research,  but 
for  the  brilliancy  of  its  style.  The  series  include  California  and  Oregon 
Trail,  Conspiracy  of  Pontiac,  Pioneers  of  France  in  the  New  World, 
Jesuits  in  North  America,  Discovery  of  the  Giant  West,  Old  Regime  in 
Canada,  Count  Fontenae  and  New  France  under  Louis  XIV,  and 
Montcalm  and  Wolfe. 


Edward  Y.  Cannon,  of  Richmond,  Virginia,  was  born  in  Norfolk, 
Virginia,  November  24th,  1824,  but  removed  at  an  early  age  to  Rich- 
mond, in  which  city  the  remainder  of  his  life  was  passed.  He  attended 
the  Baptist  College  in  Richmond,  and  afterwards  entered  Brown  Uni- 
versity at  Providence,  Rhode  Island,  from  which  institution  he  gradu- 
ated in  1845.  Returning  to  Richmond,  Mr.  Cannon  began  the  study  of 
law  in  the  office  of  Hon.  James  Lyons.    He  rose  to  a  high  position  in 


NECROLOGY   OF  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL  SOCIETY.  343 

his  profession,  and  by  care  and  judgment  amassed  a  large  fortune.  On 
June  29th,  1854,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  G.  Smith,  of  Fauquier 
county,  Virginia.  Mr.  Cannon  died  in  the  city  of  Richmond  on  the 
sixty-ninth  anniversary  of  his  birthday. 


Walter  Scott  Carrington  was  born  September  28th,  1845,  in 
Cumberland  county,  Virginia,  and  died  June  i6th,  1893.  His  father  was 
Gilbert  Paul  Carrington,  who  married  Sarah,  daughter  of  Powhatan 
Jones,  of  Clermont,  Buckingham  county,  Virginia,  whose  father  was 
Benjamin  Carrington,  and  married  Mary,  daughter  of  Nicholas  Cabell, 
of  Nelson  cpunty. 

Philip  Montagu  Thompson,  son  of  Garland  Thompson,  was  born 
December  25,  1816,  at  Braehead,  Louisa  county,  Virginia,  and  died  sud- 
denly of  disease  of  the  heart,  September  23,  1893,  at  the  residence  of 
his  brother,  George  G.  Thompson,  in  Culpeper,  Virginia.  He  was 
educated  at  the  University  of  Virginia  and  the  College  of  William  and 
Mary,  his  last  session  at  the  latter  institution  being  that  of  1836- '37. 
He  continued  to  make  Williamsburg  his  home.  In  1869  he  became  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Visitors  of  the  College  of  William  and  Mary. 
He  was  for  some  years  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the 
Eastern  Lunatic  Asylum. 

Emil  Otto  Nolting,  whose  death  occurred  on  Sunday  morn- 
ing, April  16,  1893,  was  the  fourth  child  of  Major  George  Frederick 
Nolting  and  Margaretha  Voss  Nolting,  his  wife,  and  was  born  on  their 
estate  Wiekride,  near  Minden,  Prussia,  June  22,  1824.  His  father,  who 
was  an  officer  in  the  Hanoverian  army  at  the  time  of  its  overthrow  by 
Napoleon,  went  to  England  with  the  band  of  officers  who  would  not 
submit  to  Napoleon's  authority  and  joined  the  English  Hanoverian 
army.  He  served  through  the  Peninsula  campaign  under  Wellington  and 
fought  under  him  in  the  battle  of  Waterloo.  At  the  close  of  the  war 
he  retired  to  Wiekride,  and  some  years  later  removed  to  Bremen  for 
the  educatiot^  of  his  children. 

Mr.  Nolting  was  educated  in  Bremen  and  Rechtenfledt,  and  when 
quite  a  young  man  came  to  Richmond  and  entered  the  office  of  the 
late  A.  W.  Nolting,  then  a  prominent  exporter  of  tobacco.  He  continued 
with  the  firms  of  A.  W.  Nolting,  and  A.  W.  Nolting  &  de  Voss  during 
their  respective  existence  until  1850.  He  then  formed  a  partnership  with 
Wm.  Schaer  and  Aug.  Kohler,  of  Baltimore,  under  the  firm  name  of 
Schaer,  Kohler  &  Co.,  doing  business  in  Baltimore  and  Richmond,  which 
existed  until  1865,  Mr.  Schaer  then  retiring,  the  firm  was  changed  to 
Nolting  &  Kohler,  Richmond,  and  Kohler  &  Nolting,  Baltimore. 

In  1871  the  firm  of  E.  O  Nolting  &  Co.  was  established.  This  con^ 
cern  continued  until  his  death,  having  always  been  in  the  front  rank  in 
the  tobacco  trade. 


344  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Mr.  Nolting  filled  many  prominent  positions  of  trust  in  commercial 
and  financial  circles.  He  had  been  president  of  the  Bank  of  the  Com- 
monwealth, the  National  Bank  of  Virginia,  the  Tobacco  Exchange  and 
the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  a  director  of  the  Mutual  Assurance  Society 
of  Virginia,  the  Virginia  Fire  and  Marine  Insurance  Company,  the 
Virginia  Steamboat  Company,  the  Marshall  Mills  Manufacturing  Com- 
pany and  other  institutions,  and  a  member  of  the  James  River  Im- 
provement Committee,  the  Board  of  Public  Interest,  and  the  National 
Board  of  Health.  He  was  appointed  Consul  for  Belgium  May  22,  1852, 
which  office  he  held  up  to  the  time  of  his  death,  making  him  the  oldest 
consul  in  the  service.  , 

In  1884  the  King  of  Belgium,  knighted  him  with  the*order  of  Leo- 
pold II. 

The  late  Rev.  Telfair  Hodgson,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  Dean  of  the  Theo- 
logical Department  of  the  University  of  the  South,  was  born  in  Colum- 
bia, Va.,  on  the  14th  of  March,  1840.  In  1859  ^^  ^^^  graduated  at 
Princeton,  after  which  he  studied  theology  at  the  General  Seminary  in 
New  York.  In  1861  he  entered  the  Confederate  army  and  served  on 
General  Wheeler's  staff,  first  as  major  and  afterwards  as  chaplain,  being 
ordained  to  the  diaconate  in  1863  and  to  the  priesthood  in  1864  by  Bishop 
Elliott,  of  Georgia.  From  1866  to  1869  Dr.  Hodgson  was  Rector  of 
St.  Mary's,  Keyport,  N.  J.,  in  1869  and  1870  he  was  traveling  in  Europe^ 
and  soon  after  his  return  became  professor  of  philosophy  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Alabama.  In  1874  he  was  assistant  rector  of  Christ  church, 
Baltimore,  and  from  1874  to  1878  he  was  rector  of  Trinity  church,  Ho- 
boken,  N.  J.  In  1878  Dr.  Hodgson  delivered  the  baccalaureate  sermon 
at  the  annual  commencement  of  the  University  of  the  South,  and  was 
during  that  summer  elected  Dean  of  the  Theological  Department.  In 
1879  he  was  elected  vice-Chancellor  of  the  University,  and  it  was  in  this 
position  that  the  great  work  of  his  life  was  accomplished.  For  eleven 
years  he  filled  this  important  office  ;  by  the  exercise  of  great  executive 
ability  and  a  liberal  use  of  his  own  private  means  he  carried  the  Uni- 
versity through  difficulties  that  threatened  its  very  ejtistence  and 
placed  it  on  a  firm  foundation- 

In  1890  Dr.  Hodgson  resigned  the  vice-Chancellorship,  but  retained 
the  office  of  Dean  of  the  Theological  Department,  in  which  he  labored 
with  untiring  devotion  until  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred 
suddenly  at  his  home  at  Sewanee  on  September  nth,  1893.  The  fu- 
neral services  were  held  at  Sewanee  on  Tuesday,  September  12th,  and 
the  body  was  interred  in  Hollywood  cemetery,  Richmond,  Va.,  on 
Thursday,  Sept^ember  14th. 

Dr.  Hodgson  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from  the 
University  of  the  South  in  1878,  and  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws  from 
Hobart  College  in  1890. 


BOOK     REVIEWS.  345 


Book  Reviews. 

[In  the  October  number  of  the  Magazine,  there  appeared  a  review  of 
Mr.  Moncure  D.  Conway's  interesting  work — "  The  Barons  of  the 
Potomac  and  the  Rappahannock,"  published  for  the  Grolier  Club,  of 
New  York,  a  copy  of  which  is  now  in  the  State  Library  of  Virginia. 
We  regretted  very  sincerely  to  discover  in  this  volume  a  great  number 
of  important  errors,  and  also  to  observe  the  tone  of  exaggeration  in 
which  it  was  pitched.  We  considered  it  to  be  our  duty  to  point  out- 
these  errors,  and  to  deprecate  this  tone  at  the  very  time  that  we  appre- 
ciated very  fully  the  kind  feeling  for  his  native  State,  Virginia,  which 
the  author  exhibited,  and  also  the  large  amount  of  valuable  information 
which  the  volume  contained-  No  one  has  more  at  heart  than  our- 
selves all  that  will  promote  the  true  fame  of  Virginia,  but  we  believe 
that  its  past  history,  so  full  of  celebrated  figures  and  memorable 
achievements,  should  be  studied  with  the  most  painstaking  and  impar- 
tial exactness.  The  reputation  of  V^irginia  will  rise  and  not  decline 
under  this  course  of  historical  treatment.  As  far,  therefore,  as  the 
influence  of  this  magazine  extends,  it  will  be  used  persistently  and 
firmly  to  encourage  a  spirit  of  research  in  this  State  which  is  not  to  be 
frightened  by  any  obstacle  or  wearied  by  any  labor,  which  will  not 
permit  itself  to  be  contented  until  it  has  examined  and  weighed  the 
priceless  original  materials  upon  which  a  true  history  of  Virginia  can 
alone  be  based,  and  which,  in  every  instance,  will  reject  vague  tradi- 
tion as  untrustworthy  evidence,  unless  supported  by  actual  proof.  The 
review  of  Mr.  Conway's  volume  was  written  by  a  Virginian,  who  has 
been  making  for  many  ypars  an  examination  of  the  records  in  our 
County  Courts  and  State  Library,  and  u  hose  knowledge  of  our  Colonial 
history  in  its  most  obscure  phases,  social  and  economic,  is  equaled  by 
few  and  unsurpassed  by  none,  and  who  yields  to  no  one  in  his  jealousy 
for  the  credit  of  his  native  State.  In  admitting  this  review  to  the  pages 
of  the  Magazine,  our  only  object  was  to  lay  bare  the  truth,  and  in  the 
same  spirit,  we  cheerfully  give  room  to  Mr.  Conway's  reply,  considering 
it  proper  at  the  same  time  to  append  rejoinders  in  foot-notes  wherever 
they  appear  to  be  called  for  by  the  text.  It  should  be  said  that  these 
notes  were  prepared  by  the  author  of  the  review. — Editor.] 

MR.   CONVVAY's   reply  TO  HIS  CRITIC. 

I.  **  But  there  were  many  parishes  in  which  no  tobacco  could  be  cul- 
trvated,  and  these  were  left  entirely  without  ministrations  of  the  Estab- 
lished Church."  Barons,  &c.,  On  this  the  critic:  "an  examination 
of  Meade  will  show  that  no  section  was  ever  so  entirely  deserted  as  is 
here  stated."  But  Meade  states  (II,  302)  that  in  the  Valley  of  Virginia 
there  was  no  Episcopal  church  until  1740:  on  page  309  (II)  that  in 


346  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Hampshire  county  there  were  only  a  few  families  attached  to  the 
Church  which  was  forsaken  by  all  around  them  as  **  the  Babylon  of 
prophecy";  that  in  York-Hampton  the  first  Episcopal  clergyman  was 
in  1722  (Fontaine).  These  are  only  some  of  the  facts  stated  by  Meade 
which  support  my  view.* 

2.  "  Poor  Spotwood  lost  his  place  [as  Governor]  in  1722,  retreated  to 
Annapolis,  Md.,  and  passed  the  remaining  eighteen  years  of  his  life  as 
a  prosaic  Postmaster-General."  Here  I  admit  the  slip  pointed  out.  I 
should  have  said  **  retreated  to  Germanna  "  (a  universally  known  fact)  - 
The  original  sentence  so  said,  and  added  the  fact  that  he  died  at  An- 
napolis ;  but  in  adding  some  other  matter,  and  postponing  the  death 
for  a  page  or  two,  the  wrong  town  was  left  in.  A  candid  critic  would 
have  remarked  that  the  said  page  or  two,  leading  up  to  his  burial  in 
Virginia,  proved  that  I  knew  he  was  in  Virginia,  and  that  the  Annapo- 
lis was  a  mere  erratum  of  accident, — albeit  a  bad  one,  and  needing 
remark. 

3.  He  blames  me  for  calling  the  Fauntleroy  House  on  the  Rappa- 
hannock a  '*  superb  mansion."  I  have  seen  the  house  and  have  a  right 
to  my  opinion. 

4.  He  blames  me  for  calling  Moore  Fauntleroy  a  *  cavalier/  because 


*  I.    Prior  to  1740  the  Valley  was  a  wilderness  overrun  by  Indians  and  wild  animals  , 
with  only  few  and  scattered  settlers.    And  these  settlers,  as  small  as  were  their  numbers, 
were  composed  almost  entirely  of  Presbyterians,  Lutherans  and  Quakers. 

Hampshire  county  was  not  organized  until  1753,  and  the  few  families  Bishop  Meade  refers 
to  as  remembering  the  church  when  all  others  had  forgotten  her,  were  not  of  the  colonial 
period  at  all,  as  Mr.  Conway  seems  to  imply ;  but,  as  Mea,de  expressly  states,  were  living 
in  that  county  during  the  bishopric  of  Moore.  Meade  nowhere  says  that  Francis  Fon- 
taine was  the  first  minister  of  York-Hampton  parish  (I.  202,  &c.),  but  only  that  he  was 
there  from  1722.  He  expressly  states  that  early  in  the  eighteenth  century  it  was  consid- 
ered one  of  the  most  desirable  in  Virginia,  and  in  1722  it  tried  to  outbid  even  the  rich 
parish  of  Christ  Church,  in  Middlesex.  More  than  this,  York-Hampton  was  (as  was  fre- 
quently the  case)  a  combination  of  two  smaller  parishes,  York  and  Hampton,  which  had 
been  constantly  filled  from  early  in  the  seventeenth  century.  Wm.  White,  minister  of 
York  parish,  died  prior  to  September,  165S  (York  records),  and  Edward  Foliott,  of  the 
same,  was  alive  in  16R0  {Colonial  Records  of  Virginia^  p.  103) ;  **  Parson  Cluverius  "  was 
minister  of  Hampton  parish  1644  {York  records),  and  it  is  believed  that  each  of  these  par- 
ishes was  continuously  filled  until  they  were  united  under  the  name  of  York-Hampton. 
Rev.  Stephen  Fouace  certainly  was  the  incumbent  of  one  of  them,  and  Rev.  Charles 
Grymes  of  another.  Mr.  Conway  is  unfortunate  in  his  selection  of  York  county  as  an 
example,  for  in  no  portion  of  the  colony  do  the  parishes  appear  to  have  been  more  con- 
stantly and  regularly  filled.  If  time  admitted  we  are  sure  that  we  could  compile  from  the 
records  of  York  full  lists  of  the  incumbents  of  York,  Hampton,  and  York-Hampton  par- 
ishes. If  Bishop  Meade  could  have  examined  carefully  the  county  records  he  would  not 
only  have  been  able  to  obtain  the  names  of  many  ministers,  but  even  of  parishes,  not 
included  in  his  most  useful  book. 


BOOK     REVIEWS.  347 

there  is  no  evidence  that  he  was  a  *'  Parliamentarian  ; "  but  this  is  only 
a  subordinate  meaning  of  the  word  '*  cavalier."* 

5.  Critic  writes :  **  Colonel  William  Fauntleroy,  of  '  Nay  lor 's  Hole  * 
[not  Fauntleroy  House]  "  etc.  The  bracketed  words  are  used  by  me. 
On  Jefferson  &  Fry's  map  the  place  is  called  •'  Fauntleroy,"  Naylor's 
Hole  not  appearing  at  all.f 

6.  Critic  quotes  me  as  saying  :  "  Why  should  not  Wakefield  (the 
birthplace  of  Washington)  have  been  a  grand  place.'*  His  sole  reply  is : 
"  Because  money  was  scarce  and  building  costly."! 

Now  here  any  reader  might  suppose  the  bracketed  words  written  by 
me,  especially  as  they  are  not  angular  brackets,  and  infer  that  I  sup- 
pose the  birthplace  of  a  grand  man  must  be  grand.  But  the  sentence 
(fninus  the  parenthesis)  comes  at  the  end  of  an  argument  embodying  a 
personal  examination  of  the  foundations,  and  their  extent ;  quoting  the 
inventory  (just  found)  of  the  furniture  for  eight  bedrooms  and  much  for 
other  rooms  ;  quoting  General  Washington  as  calling  it  **  the  ancient 
mansion  seat,"  etc.  All  of  this  is  suppressed,  and  the  new  facts  con- 
cerning Wakefield  (made  out  by  Lossing  and  others  a  kind  of  hovel) 
made  to  rest  on  its  being  the  birthplace  of  Washington. 

7.  Critic  challenges  my  statement  that  in  colonial  Virginia,  "duels 
about  sweethearts  were  not  infrequent."  My  whole  sentence  is  :  *'  Al- 
though duels  about  sweethearts  were  not  infrequent,  I  do  not  remem- 
ber to  have  heard  or  read  of  any  about  wives."  These  are  matters 
which  rest  mostly  on  local  traditions.  I  had  in  the  previous  sentence 
asserted  that  "  there  never  was  a  society  freer  from  marital  scandals, 
etc."  Perhaps  when  I  get  time  I  may  go  into  the  history  of  duelling, 
but  I  am  not  bound  to  have  limited  my  impressions  to  those  of  the  critic.J 


•  4.  Mr.  Conway  has  evidently  omitted  "  not  "  before  the  words  "  a  Parliamentarian." 
The  word  "  Cavalier,"  as  understood  when  speaking  of  the  ancestors  of  Virginia  fami- 
lies, has  always  meant  one  who  supported  the  Royal  cause  during  the  civil  wars.  Else, 
why  do  so  many  good  people  boast  of  the  loyalty  of  their  Cavalier  ancestors. 

t  5.  On  Jefferson  and  Fry's  map  the  names  of  the  owners  of  plantations,  and  not  the 
names  of  the  plantations  themselves  were  printed.  Hence  this  would  mean  Fauntleroy's 
plantation.  If  Jones  or  Smith  have  places  laid  down  on  the  map  they  would,  according 
to  Mr.  Conway's  theory,  be  called  Jones  House  and  Smith  House,  and  these  names 
would  be  as  nearly  right  as  Fauntleroy  House.  The  Fauntleroys  know  "  Naylor's 
Hole,"  and  they  know  "  Craundall  "  ;  but  they  know  not  "  Fauntleroy  House." 

\  6.  Even  though  there  were  eight  bed-rooms.  we  would  not  consider  a  frame  house  of 
that  size  worthy  of  the  appellation  "grand  place."  Of  course,  any  interpolation  In  a 
quotation  should  have  been  put  in  angular  brackets  (which  were  omitted  by  accident)  ; 
but  it  is  not  believed  any  one  placed  such  a  construction  as  Mr.  Conway  supposes  upon 
his  words. 

^7.  As  Mr.  Conway  brings  no  evidence  in  support  of  his  former  assertion  that  duels  were 
frequent  in  Colonial  days,  except  the  statement  that  such  matters  "  rests  mostly  on  local 
tradition  "  (which  are  very  rarely  of  any  value),  there  is  no  need  for  us  to  do  more  than 
to  repeat  our  former  statement,  that  from  the  duel  between  Stephens  and  Harrison,  in  the 
time  of  the  Company,  down  to  the  Revolution,  there  is  no  record  of  any  duel  in  Virginia. 


348  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

8.  Critic  next  quotes  me  in  the  following  words  and  stars :  *'  When 
Admiral  Vernon  was  fitting  out  in  England  his  hostile  expedition  to 
South  America,  *  *  the  belligerant  feeling  [in  Virginia]  was 
especially  aroused  by  tidings  that  Harry  Beverley  and  other  Virginians 
had  been  confined  by  the  Spaniards."    Page  25. 

On  this  (the  entire  quotation  given)  the  critic  says  (I  give  his  whole 
reply) : 

"  News  travelled  slowly  in  those  days,  but  it  did  not,  even  then,  take 
twenty-three  years  to  come  from  the  West  Indies  to  Virginia.  Cap- 
tain Harry  Beverley  and  the  party  under  his  command  were  captured 
in  17 17  (Spots wood  Letters,  II,  245),  and  Vernon  was  beaten  before 
Carthagena  in  1742.** 

Now  observe,  by  restoration  (underscored)  what  I  do  say : 
.  •*  When  Admiral  Vernon  was  fitting  out  in  England  his  hostile  expe- 
dition to  South  America,  the  agitation  it  caused  in  Virginia  was  partly 
due  to  the  chivalrous  spirit  excited  by  Spotswood^  and  to  events  that  oc- 
curred under  his  administration.  The  belligerent  feeling  was  especially 
aroused  by  tidings  that  Harry  Beverley  and  other  Virginians  had  been 
captured  by  the  Spanish,  and  made  to  work  like  slaves." 

The  critic  makes  me  carry  to  1740  what  I  have  expressly  placed  in 
Spotswood's  administration  (1710-1722).  The  critic  makes  me  appear 
a  shade  more  erroneous  by  substituting  **  confined  "  for  my  word  "cap- 
tured."   He  also  substitutes  "  Spaniards  '*  for  **  Spanish.*** 

9.  My  critic  quotes  from  "page  137"  (it  is  on  page  127):  **  In  this 
same  year  [1736]  was  established  the  first  of  the  free  schools  *  * 
the  Eaton  Free  School  in  Elizabeth  City." 

To  this  the  critic  says :  '*  Benjamin  Symm^s  established  a  free  school 
in  Elizabeth  City  county  in  1634.     (Hening  VI,  389.)" 

Benjamin  Sym  (in  another  place  called  Symms,  but  never  Symm^s) 
left  a  bequest  in  1634;  but  it  was  only  confirmed  in  i642-'3  by  the  As- 
sembly; and  whether  or  how  far  *' established"  is  rendered  doubtful 
by  the  fact  that  in  1753  the  Assembly  passed  an  act  about  it  which  says: 
"And  whereas  the  charitable  intention  of  the  said  Benjamin  Sym  the 
dower  hath  not  been  effectually  fulfilled.  To  the  end  that  the  said 
charity  may  be  more  beneficial  for  the  future,"  etc.  Admitting  that 
something  was  done,  my  critic  is  inaccurate  in  describing  a  bequest 
made  in  1634,  not  confirmed  until  i642-'3,  as  "  established  **  in  the  for- 
mer year. 


*  8.  We  do  not  know  what  particular  chivalrous  feelinj^  was  excited  by  Spotswood's 
administration,  nor  can  we  see  any  difference  made  by  Mr.  Conway's  full  quotation.  To 
an  ordinar\'  understanding  he  certainly  does  not  imply  that  the  agitation  and  belligerent 
spirit  was  caused  in  Virginia  during  Spotswood's  administration  ;  but  was  caused  in  1740 
by  the  "  Chivalrous  Spirit,"  &c  ,  andhy  "tidings  that  Harry  Beverley  and  other  Virgin- 
ians had  been  captured."  Mr.  Conway  may  like  to  know  that  the  prisoners  were  *' con- 
fined," as  well  as  "  captured." 


BOOK    REVIEWS.  349 

He  next  says :  '*  Henry  Peasley  established  a  free  school  in  Glouces- 
ter in  1675.  (Hening  VII,  41.)"  This  first  mention  of  Peasley  in  Hen- 
ing  is,  as  I  remember,  in  1759,  and  gives  no  evidence  that  the  bequest 
made  in  1675  had  been  carried  out.    (600  acres.) 

The  critic  confuses  a  number  of  schools  provided  by  individuals,  by 
wills  or  gifts,  and  without  showing  that  they  were  free  schools,  with 
the  free  school  established  by  Act  of  Assembly.  All  of  that  early  inte- 
rest in  education  is  recognized  in  my  book,  though  my  critic  conveys 
an  impression  that  I  am  arguing  the  reverse.  I  say :  *'  The  condition 
of  literature  and  education  in  Colonial  Virginia  has  been  erroneously 
inferred  from  Governor  Sir  William  Berkely's  report  of  the  same  under 
his  administration  (1641-1677).  "  I  thank  God  there  are  no  free  schools 
nor  printing,  etc."  I  proceed  to  show  that  there  were  schools  in  the 
seventeenth  century.  But  "the  first  of  the  free  schools"  to  which  I 
referred,  the  Eaton  School,  is  the  first  mentioned  in  Hening*s  *'  Statutes 
at  Large"  (IV,  p.  306)  "established"  by  the  Assembly's  action.  This 
was  in  1730  (my  1736  is  possibly  an  error  in  copying).  There  is  nothing 
in  the  Statutes  earlier  than  this.  With  regard  to  this  Eaton  School  the 
critic  says:  "There  is  evidence  in  the  Elizabeth  City  records  (partially 
destroyed)  of  the  existence  of  the  Eaton  School  referred  to  prior  to 
1689.  (Elizabeth  City  Records,  cited  in  William  and  Mary  Quarterly, 
July,  1893,  P-  64.  This  discovery  was  published  eight  months  after  my 
book  was  printed.)  The  new  and  excellent  quarterly  is  giving  us  im- 
portant discoveries,  but  in  this  instance  it  does  not  give  precise  infor- 
mation, and  there  is  nothing  in  the  act  of  1730  to  indicate  that  the 
Eaton  bequest  was  of  earlier  date.  It  is  entitled  "  An  Act  to  enable 
the  Justices  of  the  Peace  of  the  county  of  Elizabeth  City,  and  the  Min- 
ister and  Churchwardens  of  the  Parish  of  Elizabeth  City,  in  the  said 
county  for  the  time  being,  to  take  and  hold  certain  lands  given  by 
Thomas  Eaton  to  charitable  uses;  and  to  lett  leases  thereon."  This 
looks  like  the  beginning  of  it,  but  it  does  not  impugn  my  accuracy  that 
the  Quarterly  should  find  evidence  of  an  earlier  date  after  my  book 
was  printed. 

My  critic  quotes  the  same  Quarterly,  July,  1893,  p.  17,  for  a  statement 
that  Governor  Nicholson  '*  established  "  a  "  free  school "  at  Yorktown 
in  1695.  Nicholson  was  the  Governor  of  Maryland,  and  presented  three 
half  acres  of  land  and  houses  thereon,  which  he  owned  in  York  county, 
"  for  the  use  of"  '*  the  present  schoolmaster,"  etc.  Is  that  establishing 
a  school  ?  Nor  is  there  a  word  in  the  Quarterly  to  show  or  suggest 
that  the  school  was  a  free  school  ?  * 

•9.  The  diflference  between  "Symms"  and  "  Symmes "  is  mere  tweedledum  and 
tweedledee.  If  this  objection  was  not  insignificant,  we  could,  no  doubt,  find  instances 
in  which  the  spelling  was  "  Symmes."  It  is  more  important  to  show  (as  Mr.  Conway 
surely  should  have  known)  that  in  1647  "  there  was  a  free  school  with  two  hundred  acres 
of  land  appurtenant,  forty  milch  cows,  and  other  accommodations.    It  was  endowed  by 


350  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

lo.  Critic  quotes  me :  "Soon  after  Bacon's  rebellion  (1676) a  hundred 
English  girls  emigrated  to  Virginia.  *  *  One  of  these  married  a 
Fitzhugh."  The  critic's  two  stars  here  suppress  the  words  "  who  seem 
to  have  belonged  to  families  of  higher  social  position."  Critic  says: 
"This  is  an  inaccurate  reproduction  of  a  tradition  given  by  George 
Fitzhugh  in  De  Bow's  Review."     How  does  the  critic  know  that?* 


Mr.  Benjamin  Symras."  (Campbell,  p.  209.)  And  James  Falconer,  minister  of  Elizabeth 
City  parish,  says  in  1724  :  "  There  are  two  public  schools  endowed,  though  very  meanly, 
whereof  John  Mason  and  Abram  Paris  are  teachers.  There  is  also  a  very  good  private 
school,"  (Perry's  Historical  Collections,  p.  294).  One  of  these  two  public  schools  was,  of 
course,  the  Eaton  scoool,  which  Mr.  Conway  claims  was  establtshed  in  1736.  and  the  other 
was  the  Symms'.  As  to  when  a  school  was  "  established  "  (though  there  may  be  various 
meanings  of  the  word),  we  can  only  take  the  date  of  the  donation  made  to  endow  it ;  for 
our  information  is  too  scanty  to  enable  us  to  tell  exactly  when  any  of  them  commenced 
operation.  We  say  William  and  Mary  was  founded  in  1692,  because  that  was  the  date  of 
the  charter ;  but  who  can  say  exactly  when  (in  Mr.  Conway's  sensed  it  was  established  ? 
There  can  be  no  doubt,  however,  that  the  Sym,  or  Symms,  or  Symmes  school  was  in  ope- 
ration in  1647,  and  in  1722  ;  and  the  terms  of  the  act  of  1753  show  beyond  question  that 
the  Assembly  only  wished  to  improve  and  reform  what  was  already  in  existence. 

It  appears  very  strange  that  Mr.  Conway  could  find  in  the  act  of  1756,  in  regard  to  the 
Peasley  school,  nothing  to  show  that  the  intention  of  the  donor  had  been  carried  out,  when 
the  second  section  says,  "And  whereas  several  slaves  have  been  by  different  persons, 
since  the  above  devise  [of  1675]  given  for  the  same  purposes,  but  by  reason  of 
the  inconvenient  situation  of  the  said  land  few  children  frequent  the  free-school  kept 
there."    (Hcning,  VII,4i). 

We  omitted  to  say  that  the  reference  in  the  Elizabeth  City  records  in  1689  was,  as  we 
are  informed  by  President  Tyler,  of  William  and  Mar>',  a  mention  of  a  man  who  is  de- 
scribed as  the  teacher  of  Eaton's  Charity  school. 

All  of  the  schools  ever  endowed  or  "provided  for  by  individuals  "  were,  so  far  as  we 
have  been  able  to  ascertain,  primarily,  charity  schools  for  the  poor,  and,  of  course,  free 
schools 

The  Assembly  never  established  any  free,  or  other  schools,  and  the  act  of  1730,  in  re- 
gard to  the  Eaton  school,  is  merely  one  empowering  certain  trustees  to  hold  the  lands,  &c. 
devised  by  Thomas  Eaton  for  educational  purposes,  and  which  we  have  shown  had  al- 
ready for  many  years  been  devoted  to  the  desired  end.  The  title  of  the  act  is  only  given 
in  Hening  ;  but  there  can  be  no  doubt  but  that  it  was  only  an  alteration  in,  or  addition  to 
the  trustees. 

In  answer  to  his  objection  that  there  is  no  proof  that  Nicholson  gave  lots,  &c.,  to  a 
free-school,  we  reply  again,  as  above,  that  if  it  had  not  been  free,  or  if  he  had  not  intended 
to  make  it  so,  Nicholson  would  not  have  endowed  it.  Who  ever  heard  of  an  endowed 
private  school  in  Colonial  Virginia  ? 

•  10.  We  thought  and  still  think  this  an  "  inaccurate  reproduction  of  a  tradition  given 
by  George  Fitzhugh  "  ;  because  we  feel  sure  that  Mr.  Conway  is  familiar  with  Fitzhugh's 
articles  in  De  Bow  (indeed,  he  does  not  deny  it),  and  does  not  give  her^  accurately — 
though  he  does  further  on— the  latter's  statement.  A  statement  (regarding  the  marriage 
of  Henry  Fitzhugh  and  Mi&s  Cooke)  which  is  confirmed  by  the  extracts  from  a  Fitzhugh 
Bible  published  in  the  Richmond  Standard. 

Nor  does  Mr.  Conway  answer  our  challenge  to  bring  proof  that  a  hundred  girls,  o\ 
whatever  degree,  were  brought  to  Virginia  after  Bacon's  Rebellion. 


BOOK    REVIEWS.  351 

II.  Critic,  with  numerous  stars:  "In  1849,  Mr.  Colin  Clarke,  of 
Richmond  City,  was  residing  in  the  superb  colonial  mansion — Warner 
Hall.  *  surpassed  all  others  as  a  monument  of  the  wealth  and 
culture  which  transplanted  scions  of  great  English  houses,  to  produce 
a  more  glorious  Gloucestershire  than  any  in  England.  It  had  twenty- 
six  rooms,  *  *  hall,  drawing-rooms  hung  with  ancestral  por- 
traits. *  *  It  was  built  by  the  first  of  the  Lewis  family,  according 
to  a  family  tradition,  in  1635.'* 

It  would  be  natural  to  suppose  that  where  no  asterisks  indicate 
omission,  nothing  is  omitted ;  yet  in  the  above,  words  and  phases  are 
dropped  without  any  indication^ ;  the  last  of  such  unnoted  omissions 
perverting  the  sense.  I  write:  "  It  was  built  by  the  first  of  the  Lewis 
family,  who  emigrated  to  Virginia  as  early,  according  to  a  family  tra- 
dition, as  1635  "  There  is  not  a  word  in  my  book  to  suggest  that 
Warner  Hall  was  built  in  1635 — as  the  critic  makes  me  say. 

Having  given  the  pretended  quotation, the  critic  says :  "This  passage 
appears  to  have  as  many  errors  as  lines,''  but  limits  himself  to  saying 
(i)  "a  gentleman,  a  native  and  long  resident  of  Gloucester  county, 
who  recollects  the  old  Warner  Hall  House,  says  he  is  sure  it  had  no 
more  than  sixteen  or  eighteen  rooms; "  (2)  "  it  was  certainly  not  built 
in  1635;"  (3)  "but  few"  scions  of  great  English  houses  **came  to  any 
of  the  colonies." 

As  to  I,  my  book  shows  me  in  intimate  correspondence  with  descen- 
dants of  the  Lewis  and  Warner  families — Dr.  Archibald  Taylor,  Mrs 
Mary  Starling  Payne,  of  Hopkinsviile,  Ky.,  and  Captain  Henry  Howell 
Lewis,  of  Baltimore  (just  deceased).  They  are  as  likely  to  know  the 
size  of  Warner  Hall,  etc.,  as  the  critic  and  his  anonymous  informant. 
(As  a  matter  of  fact,  the  chapter  on  Warner  Hall  was  submitted  to  them 
all  in  proof,  and  to  Judge  and  Mrs.  Fielding  Lewis  Taylor,  of  Rosewell, 
after  the  facts  had  been  derived  from  them — the  twenty-six  rooms,  and 
all  being  copied  from  their  letters  in  my  possession.)  As  to  critic's  2, 
he  only  replies  to  what  he  has  unwarrantably  put  into  my  bark.  As  to 
3,  the  critic  simply  ignores  my  many  pages  about  the  Warners,  Reades, 
Lewises,  Fieldings,  etc.,  much  of  which  is  based  on  the  genealogies  of 
the  Lewis'  family  made  out — one  by  R.  A.  Brock,  another  by  Dr.  Philip 
Slaughter  ;  and  also  the  coat  of  arms  (Lewis)  pictorially  presented  in 
my  book.* 


*i  I .  In  regard  to  our  statement  that  there  were  in  the  passage  as  many  errors  as  lines,  we 
may  state  that  we  had  already  referred  to  the  matter  of  "  superb  mansions,"  had  noticed 
the  extravagance  about  "  a  more  glorious  Gloucestershire  -'  (which  was  one  of  the  parts 
of  our  article  which  lack  of  space  compelled  the  editor  to  prune),  had  noticed,  but  not 
written  on,  the  '*  ancestral  portraits."  These  were  certainly  not  the  Lewis  portraits,  as 
Mr.  Conway  seemato  imply,  for  Mr.  Colin  Clarice  had  purchased  the  place. 

We  are  glad  to  learn  that  we  were  in  error  as  to  the  number  of  rooms  in  the  old  Warner 
Hall  house  (or  rather  houses,  for  there  were  several  connecting).  A  son  of  Mr.  Colin 
Clarke,  of  Warner  Hall,  informs  us  that  the  original  house  was  a  brick  building  of  three 
stories  and  a  basement,  and  together  with  a  two-room  addition  (and  the  basement)  in- 


352  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

12.  Critic  quotes:  "  Nor  can  I  discover  an  instance  in  which  any  old 
mansion  or  historic  edifice  in  Virginia  was  destroyed  by  Northern 
armies." 

The  critic  is  careful  not  to  allude  to  the  various  mention  I  make  to 
the  destructiveness,  and  the  purloining  of  valuable  papers  by  the 
Northerners.  That  would  not  suit  his  effort  to  raise  prejudice.  He 
mentions  as  examples  of  their  destruction  of  old  mansions  and  historic 
edifices,  William  and  Mary  College,  the  White  House  (home  of  Mrs. 
Washington),  Barnesfield,  residence  of  the  Hooes,  of  King  George, 
and  Acquia  Church.  It  still  remains  true  that  no  such  destructions  by 
the  Northern  armies  have  been  discovered  by  me,  or  been  mentioned 
to  me;  nor  is  any  evidence  supplied  by  my  critic.  I  have  visited 
Acquia  Church  several  times  since  the  war,  and  found  its  interior  in 
exactly  the  same  condition  as  before  the  war.* 


eluded  eighteen  rooms.  There  were  also  on  either  side  of  the  main  house  two  detached 
brick  houses  of  six  and  five  rooms  respectively,  used  for  kitchens,  laundry,  servants* 
rooms,  &c.  At  some  time  prior  to  Mr.  Clarke's  purchase  the  five-reom  house  was  united 
to  the  main  building  by  a  two-riK)m  addition,  so  that  the  whole  of  the  mansion-house 
proper  contained  twenty-five  rooms,  and  had  a  front  of  about  one  hundred  and  thirty 
feet.  The  three-stor>'  part  alone  was  about  fifty  by  sixty  feet  square.  Our  informant 
states  that  he  has  heard  that  the  main  building  had  first  two  gabies  in  front ;  but  the  roof 
was  afterwards  changed.  The  five-room  house  to  the  right  was  destroyed  by  accidental 
fire  in  1841,  and  the  whole  of  the  remainder  was  destroyed  in  1849  by  a  fire,  which,  as  Mr. 
Conway  correctly  states,  originated  in  the  desire  of  a  negro  boy  to  have  the  family  re- 
move from  the  country  to  Norfolk,  whose  joys  he  had  tasted  on  trips  made  with  hb  young; 
masters. 

We  have  thought  a  detailed  description  of  this  large  house,  by  one  who  resided  in  it, 
was  worth  preserving. 

In  regard  to  section  3  of  this  part  of  Mr.  Conway's  reply,  it  is  suflficient  to  say  that  in 
not  a  single  instance  which  he  names — the  Warners,  Reades,  Fieldings,  &c. — is  there  any- 
proof  whatever  that  they  were  descended  from  "  scions  of  great  English  houses,"  and 
the  Lewis  pedigree  he  uses  as  his  authority  was  admitted  both  by  Mr.  Brock  and  Dr. 
Slaughter  to  be  one  of  the  most  difficult  and  uncertain  with  which  they  ever  had  to  deal. 
With  regard  to  the  Lewises,  Mr.  Conway  is  referrred  to  Mr.  T.  M.  Green,  author  of  "His- 
toric Families  of  Kentucky,"  the  only  man  we  know  who  has  ever  taken  the  trouble  to 
examine  the  Gloucester  parish  registers  in  regard  to  this  family. 

*  12.  Instead  of  wishing  to  excite  prejudice,  we  stated  that  we  had  never  made  any 
examination  into  the  matter  of  historic  houses  destroyed  during  the  late  war.  Nor  do 
now  desire  to  do  so.  Such  things  are  among  the  melancholy  incidents,  and,  sometimes, 
accidents  of  warfare.  In  order  to  disprove  Mr.  Conway's  sweeping  assertion,  we  named 
a  few  instances  which  we  then  recalled,  and  made  no  effort  to  obtain  others.  William 
and  Mary  College  was  certainly  burnt  by  Northern  troops.  The  facts  as  to  Barnesfield 
are  equally  well  known,  as  Mr.  Conway  can  ascertain  from  any  of  hi s  friends  in  Fred- 
ericksburg. Only  a  few  months  ago  there  was  in  the  Richmond  Dispatch  an  account  of 
the  old  house  and  of  its  destruction.  On  page  179,  of  Vol.  II,  of  "  The  Battles  and  Lead- 
ers of  the  Civil  War,"  Mr.  Conway  will  find  a  view  of  the  ruins  of  the  White  House, 
destroyed  by  Federal  troops  on  the  28th  of  June,  1862,  Acquia  Church  has  been  reno- 
vated since  the  war  by  Rev.  Mr.  Meredith  and  Mr.  Moncure  Robinson. 


BOOK     REVIEWS.  363 

13.  The  critic  says :  "  Except  as  far  as  all  colonial  officials  were 
English  officers,  there  is  nothing  to  show  that  Col.  Augustine  Warner, 
Sr.,  of  the  Council,  was  an  *  English  officer,*  as  stated  on  page  150, 
nor  is  it  correct  that  the  portrait  of  his  son,  Augustine  Watner,  speaker 
of  the  House  of  Burgesses,  is  at  Rosewell.  It  has  been  for  several 
years  in  the  Virginia  State  Library,  where  it  was  temporarily  deposited 
by  the  owner.*' 

What  I  wrote  is :  **  His  [George  Reade's]  daughter,  Mildred,  married 
the  famous  Colonel  Augustine  Warner,  who  had  inherited  from  his 
father,  an  English  officer,  2,500  acres  at  Kiskiack.'*  How  does  the 
critic  know  there  is  nothing  to  show  for  this  ?  I  do  not  show  it  in  my 
book,  because  I  was  not  writing  about  the  *  English  officer.*  The 
statement  is  perfectly  correct.  If  not,  why  does  the  critic  dub  him 
'Colonel?'  What  I  say  of  the  portrait  is:  **  His  portrait  at  'Rose- 
well,*  residence  of  Judge  Fielding  Lewis  Taylor,  is  that  of  a  most 
noble  and  refined  gentleman  "  How  does  the  temporary  loan  of  the 
portrait  to  the  State  Library  affect  that  ?* 

14.  The  critic  quotes:  "A  precisely  similar  sale  of  bricks  has  also 
overtaken  Eltham,"  and  comments:  "As  Eltham  was  destroyed  by 
fire  about  1870,  perhaps  nothing  better  could  be  done  with  the  bricks." 
I  was  informed  on  good  authority  that  Eltham  was  not  beyond  repair, 
when  sold  for  its  bricks.f 

16.  "  Lucy  Armistead,  *  ♦  one  of  the  great  Darmstadt  family. 
They  called  their  mansion  after  the  county  from  which  they  emigrated, 
'Hesse,*  but  changed  their  name  to  Armistead.**  On  this  my  critic 
says  that  if  true,  it  was  before  the  family  settled  in  England ;  but  of 
this  he  gives  no  proof.  It  would  be  useful  to  know  his  evidence.  Of 
course  there  is  no  such  evidence.  I  simply  give  a  well-known  tra- 
dition, t 


*  13.  The  portion  of  this  section  relating  to  the  Warners  requires  no  answer,  except 
that  the  "  Critic  refers  to  Warner  as  colonel,"  because  he  is  so  called  in  all  the  records  of 
the  time;  being  a  colonel  of  Virginia  militia,  and  receiving  his  commission  from  the 
Governor  of  Virginia.  The  earliest  appearance  of  the  first  Augustine  Warner  is  simply 
as  a  "  gentleman,"  then  he  becomes  captain,  and  so  on  up.  The  portrait  of  Speaker 
Warner  was  sent  to  the  State  library  more  than  ten  years  ago  for  sale,  and  still  remains 
there.    Not  such  a  temporary  matter  afler  all. 

1 14.  We  know  no  more  about  the  destruction  of  Eltham  than  was  stated  in  a  news- 
paper of  the  time ;  but  from  its  language  the  inference  was  that  the  destruction  had  been 
complete. 

X  z6.  The  only  evidence  that  the  immigrant,  Wm.  Armistead,  was  an  Englishman,  is 
that  there  is  no  record  of  his  naturalization ;  that  the  name  Armistead  was  not  at  all  un- 
common in  England,  and  that  the  Armisteads  of  Cranage  Hall,  Cheshire,  descended 
from  the  "Armisteads  of  Armistead,"  Yorkshire,  bear  almost  precisely  the  same 
arms  as  those  on  a  pre- Revolutionary  book-plate  of  Wm.  Armistead,  of  Virginia. 
9 


354  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

17.  "  Ralph  Wormeley,  who  had  *  lost  his  lady '  (Sarah  Berkeley),  suc- 
ceeded in  his  suit  for  the  hand  of  Miss  Bowles,  *  *  became  a  famous 
member  of  the  Council,  and  stood  by  his  oath  of  loyalty  at  the  cost  of 
his  home  and  happiness." 

My  critic  says  the  one  who  married  Sarah  B.  was  father  of  Ralph  the 
Tory.  Here  the  critic  may  be  right.  I  was  dealing  with  a  newly- 
discovered  letter,  whose  date  (1742)  suggested  the  Ralph  of  1776. 

"  Neither,"  adds  my  critic,  *'did  loyalty  cost  father  or  son  a  home,** 
since  Ralph  was  a  Virginia  delegate  in  later  years,  and  died  owner  of 
Rosegill  (1806).  But  this  is  consistent  with  the  fact  that  he  lost  home 
and  happiness  for  many  years.* 

18.  The  critic  writes :  "  On  p.  166  is  a  letter  from  Warner  Lewis  to 
Lawrence  Washington  (dated  in  Virginia,  1747)  in  which  the  writer 
says :  *  Before  I  sail,  (w'ch  will  be  in  June)  if  there  can  be  anything  in 
England  that  I  can  be  of  service  to  you,  *  *  *  i  should  be  glad  to 
see  you  at  Bath,  being  well  convinced  that  nothing  would  be  more 
beneficial  to  your  health.*  As  Lewis  is  about  going  to  England,  it  ap- 
pears most  probable  that  the  Bath  at  which  he  wished  to  meet  Wash- 
ington, was  not  at  the  Berkeley  Springs,  Virginia,  (as  Mr.  Conway  sup- 
poses) but  the  famous  health  resort  in  England.  The  History  of  the 
Lower  Shenandoah  Valley  (p.  243)  speaks  of  the  place  as  *  a  locality 
spoken  of  as  early  as  1760  or  before  ' " 

This  is  merely  a  matter  of  interpretation  ;  but  my  critic  omits  to 
notice  a  newly-discovered  letter  of  Lord  Fairfax  (in  my  book),  of  June 
I,  i747i  which  adds  to  our  knowledge  about  Bath,  Virginia,  showing 
that  persons  were  going  there  in  1747,  and  that  Lord  Fairfax  was  then 
about  to  have  the  place  laid  off  for  a  town.  At  least  I  suppose  this  the 
place  meant  by  Lord  Fairfax's  words:  ''Persons  who  goto  drink  of 
and  bathe  in  the  Medicinal  Springs  near  the  Mountains  of  Cape  Capon 
and  River  Potomack,  within  my  Proprietary. "t 

19.  "In  the  Revolution  there  was  not  one  Tory  known  on  the  Rap- 
pahannock. Its  ancient  and  proud  Barons  all  threw  themselves  into 
the  cause  of  independence.'* 

In  this  casual  statement,  made  in  the  course  of  another  subject,  the 
general  tendency  of  the  planter's  life  to  produce  independence  of  char- 
acter, I  would  not  be  taken  at  the  foot  of  the  letter  by  a  writer  of  gene- 
ral culture.     But  rash  as  the  statement  may  seem  it  is  not,  if  we  are  to 


•17.  Ralph  Worrnley,  Sr.,  never  lost  his  home  at  all,  and  Ralph  Wormley,  Jr.,  was  only 
confined  to  Berkeley  county  for  a  few  years  at  the  beginning  of  the  Revolution.  He  was 
back  at  Rosegill  in  1780. 

1 18.  Of  course  some  people  may  have  visited  the  Virginia  Bath  at  this  date  (1747) ;  but 
when  a  man  writes  to  another  that  he  is  going  to  England,  asks  if  he  can  execute  any 
commissions  for  him  there,  and  says  he  would  like  to  meet  him  at  Bath,  the  natural  in* 
ference  is  that  he  means  In  Somersetshire  and  not  in  Virginia. 


BOOK    REVIEWS.  355 

take  things  literally,  set  aside  by  the  examples  given  by  my  critic.  No 
man  is  to  be  admitted  a  Tory  who  made  efforts  to  avoid  war,  and  to 
secure  reconciliation  with  England  even  up  to  the  Declaration.  Loy- 
alty turned  to  Toryism  with  the  Declaration  of  Independence.  Frank- 
lin, Jefferson,  even  Washington  were  for  restoration  of  English  authori- 
ty (if  the  right  to  tax  were  yielded)  all  through  1775  and  even  into  1776. 
The  Wormeleys  were  simply  mobbed,  and  not  allowed  to  reach 
any  decision  as  to  whether  they  would  throw  themselves  into  the 
cause  of  independence.  It  is  doubtful  whether  Ralph  Wormeley,  Jr., 
could  be  called  a  Rappahannock  man  at  all,  but  it  is  certain  that  he 
was  treated  disgracefully  ;  so  was  John  Wormeley,  so  was  John  Tayloe 
Corbin  (who  was  confined  to  his  father's  estate  between  the  Mattaponi 
and  Pamunkey.-^not  on  the  Rappahannock).  I  have  not  the  Virginia 
Calendar  of  State  Papers  (IV,  338-40)  to  which  the  critic  refers  with  re- 
gard to  Robert  Beverley,  of  Blandfield,  but  it  does  not  prove  him  a  Tory 
that  he  *'  is  stated  to  have  refused  to  serve  on  the  county  committee,  to 
have  been  disarmed  and  been  constantly  *  inimical  to  the  Whigs.* " 
Austin  Brockenbrough  was  not  a  Tory,  but  pledged  himself  to  obey 
the  State  Laws, — yet  he  was  mobbed  out  of  the  country.  Benjamin  and 
Philip  Grymes  were  declared  enemies  by  the  Spottsylvania  Committee, 
but  in  1776,  and  as  I  remember  before  the  flag  of  Independence  was  un- 
furled. John  Randolph  Grymes  was  a  Pianketank  man,  if  I  remember 
rightly.  The  critic  writes:  '* William  Montague  of  Lancaster,  de- 
nounced by  the  people  of  his  county  and  the  State  Council  as 
hostile  (Meade  II,  43  and  Council  Journal)."  I  have  not  the  Jour- 
nal, but  Meade  states  that  on  Montague's  .  election  to  the  vestry, 
128(1  think  that  was  the  number)  petitioned  against  him  as  "as  not 
friendly  to  the  glorious  cause."  (Not  page  43,  but  443).  Were  they 
the  "people  of  his  county?"  Montague  and  his  friends  denied  the 
charge.* 


•  19.  The  meaning  of  the  word  "  Tory  "  in  its  common  acceptation,  is  one  who  in  words 
or  acts  supported  the  English  authority  and  opposed  the  efforts  of  the  Colonists  to  resist 
the  illegal  exercise  of  that  authority.  It  is,  of  course,  absurd  to  include  Jefferson.  Frank- 
lin and  Washington  under  this  (the  ordinary  and  general)  meaning  of  the  word.  Ralph 
Wormeley  was  not  "  simply  mobbed."  He  was  confined  by  the  order  of  the  Convention, 
as  an  enemy  to  American  Independence.  And  it  was  the  same  with  John  Tayloe  Corbin, 
one  of  whose  intercepted  letters  we  have  discovered  since  writing  the  review— a  letter  to 
Dunmore  giving  utterance  to  the  most  ardent  devotion  to  the  English  cause.  The  chief 
estates  of  the  Corbins  lay  on  the  Potomac  and  Rappahannock,  and  John  Tayloe  Corbin 
himself  was  confined  to  his  father's  estates  between  the  Pamunkey  and  Mattapony,  in 
Caroline  County  (a  county  bordering  many  miles  on  the  Rappahannock),  of  course  to 
keep  him  in  the  interior  where  he  could  not  escape  to  the  English  cruisers. 

As  Ralph  Wormeley,  Jr.,  was  born,  lived,  and  died  on  the  Rappahannock,  it  is  difficult 
to  see  why  he  should  not  be  considered  a  Rappahannock  man . 

As  Robert  Beverley  was  "constantly  inimical  to  the  Whigs,"  i.  e.,  the  Revolutionary 
party,  it  is  equally  difficult  to  understand  why  he  was  not  a  Tor>'. 

Austin  Brockenbrough  was  such  a  Tory  that  his  friends  did  not  consider  it  safe  for  him 
to  return  to  Virgiitia,  even  in  1782. 


366  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

20.  Critic  quotes :  **  To  bang  up  Blackbeard's  head  would  be  in  accord- 
ance with  the  custom  of  the  times.  The  Rev.  Frank  Stringfellow,  an 
Episcopal  clergyman  of  Virginia,  tells  me  of  a  remarkable  series  of 
names  recording  the  similar  fate  of  some  negro  offender.  In  travel- 
ling from  the  Appomattox,  Chesterfield  county,  we  pass  *  Skinquarter 
Creek,'  where  the  criminal  was  hung  and  flayed,  his  skin  being  dis- 
played." Mr.  Conway  then  continues  and  states  that  Negro  Arm  Road 
in  Powhatan,  Negro  Foot  Postoffice  in  Hanover,  and  Negro  Head  Run 
in  Orange,  show  where  other  portions  of  the  body  were  put  up  in 
terroretn.*' 

The  criticism,  following  in  terrorem^  is:  *'  It  is  safe  to  assert  that  this 
is  wholly  untrue,  and  that  no  such  barbarous  punishment  ever  took  place 
in  Virginia.  No  similar  instance  is  preserved  in  histories  or  records. 
Under  the  Virginia,  as  under  the  English  law,  ears  might  be  cut  of}, 
but  we  find  no  provision  for  feet.  The  ** quarter"  in  Skinquarter 
doubtless  meant,  not  a  portion  of  an  offender's  carcass,  but,  like  hun- 
dred of  other  quarters,  a  plantation  where  the  hands  worked,  but  the 
owner  did  not  reside." 

Critic  in  his  words  "wholly  untrue,"  followed  by  **and,"  really  de- 
nies that  the  local  names  exist !  What  he  says  about  *'  punishment " 
and  "  law  "  suggest  that  I  gave  the  names  as  indicating  the  decision  of 
a  court  on  some  negro  But  Blackbeard's  head  was  not,  so  far  as  I 
have  heard,  hung  up  by  judicial  order.  Whether  it  was  or  not  Vir- 
ginia law  to  '^  hang,  draw,  and  quarter"  I  have  not  examined  ;  but  at 
a  time  when  it  was  the  "custom  "  in  England  to  display  the  heads  of 
criminals  on  Temple  Bar,  there  is  nothing  incredible  in  the  supposition 
that  for  some  unspeakable  outrage,  which  filled  the  country  with  horror, 
a  negro  was,  after  execution,  flayed  and  quartered.  How  would  the  critic 
explain  these  names,  along  one  high  road  ?  He  writes  of  one  name 
only,  and  as  if  I  didn't  know  the  meaning  of  "  quarter  ; "  as  if  I  sup- 
posed the  skin  was  a  quarter  of  the  negro's  carcass !  The  question  is 
about  Skin,  Foot;  Arm,  Head.  I  was  thinking  of  the  work  of  a 
furious  populace,  not  of  the  law.* 


John  Randolph  Gryraes  was,  as  we  have  said,  a  son  of  Philip  Gr>'nies,  of  "  Brandon," 
in  Middlesex,  on  the  Rappahannock.  He  may  have  owned  a  plantation  on  the  Pianke- 
tank.  ^he  Pianketank,  however,  forms  the  southern  boundary  of  Middlesex  and  is  no 
where  many  miles  away  from  the  Rappahannock. 

In  regard  to  the  sentence  about  Wm.  Montague,  Mr.  Conway  is  wrong.  We  have  been 
naming  various  Tories  and  the  action  taken  in  regard  to  them,  and  say  there  were 
"  Benj.  and  Philip  Gr>mes,  denounced  and  imprisoned,  William  Montague,  denounced," 
&c. 

The  manuscript  Journal  of  Council  gives,  just  as  we  stated,  the  petition  of  the  people 
of  Lancaster  against  Montague,  and  the  declaration  of  the  Council  that  he  was  an  enemy 
to  the  American  cause. 

•  20,  In  regard  to  this  section,  we  have  spoken  elsewhere  in  this  number  of  the  Maga- 
zine. Of  course  we  did  not  intend  to  state  that  the  local  names  did  not  exist.  No  such 
inference  can  be  properly  drawn  from  our  words. 


BOOK    REVIEWS.  357 

21.  Critic  says :  "  On  page  222,  speaking  of  the  Fairfax  ownership  of 
the  Northern  Neck,  Mr.  Conway  says :  *  Here  was  a  tremendous  and 
continuous  training  in  hatred  of  aristocracy.  The  accident  of  birth  had 
thrown  into  the  hand  of  one  Englishman  six  million  acres  in  a  county  ' 
[country]  *  he  never  saw,  and  made  fiefs  of  a  thousand  estates  tilled 
by  Virginians. '  *' 

(It  is  disagreeable  to  have  one's  sentences  cut  up  in  this  way  :  after 
"Virginians,"  the  critic  should  at  least  have  added  my  "  while  he  was 
hunting  foxes  around  his  castle  in  England.'*) 

The  critic  says  :  "  There  appears  no  evidence  of  any  hatred,  as  Mr. 
Conway  suggests,  against  the  family  of  the  proprietor,  Fairfax.  In- 
deed his  '  Barons '  appear  to  have  been  on  the  most  friendly  terms 
with  them."  (The  critic  might  here  have  added  that  it  particularly  so 
appears  in  my  book.)  "  It  may  be  taken  as  a  fair  test  of  the  lower 
classes  that  the  last  proprietor.  Lord  Fairfax,  known  to  be  in  sympa- 
thy with  England,  lived  in  Virginia  during  all  the  war  without  there 
remaining  an  instance  even  of  an  iiisult  offered  him." 

The  critic  can  easily  write  in  this  way  when  no  reader  can  check  him 
of},  my  book  being  inaccessible.  What  I  have  said  refers  to  the  swarm  of 
settlers  or  squatters,  and  some  even  who  held  warrants  in  the  Western 
lands  of  Lord  Fairfax,  who  by  an  enormous  addition  to  Lord  F.'s  do- 
main, were  suddenly  deprived  of  their  land.  "  Lord  Fairfax,"  I  say, 
"  gave  warning  to  Joist  Hite  and  his  partners  that  they  must  purchase  or 
vacate  140,000  acres  for  which  they  held  warrants.  A  law  suit  began 
in  1736,  which  was  settled  in  favor  of  the  Hites  in  1786,  when  all  of  the 
original  parties  were  dead.  The  Hite-Fairfax  law  suit,  and  the  general 
struggle  of  the  settlers  in  Fairfax  land  with  his  Lordship,  deserve  a 
consideration  not  yet  given  to  them  by  historians.  Here  was  a  tre- 
mendous,"—  and  so  on  with  the  critic's  quotation.  I  go  on  giving  evi- 
dences, &c.,  disregard  of  which  by  my  critic  makes  his  little  citation  look 
as  if  I  had  given  a  statement  without  any  attempt  at  substantiation. 
This  amounts  to  misrepresentation. 

22.  Critic  denies  my  statement  that  Wm.  Lightfoot  (1746)  was  de- 
scended from  John  Lightfoot,  a  Jamestown  colonist,  and  afterwards 
member  of  the  Council.  This  I  got  from  a  correspondent,  but  it  may 
be  a  mistake.    I  cannot  at  this  moment  look  it  up. 

23.  It  may  be  a  mistake  also,  as  the  critic  declares,  that  "  M.  Bla- 
den "  was  an  uncle  of  Wm.  Fairfax,  and  that  he  was  only  a  distant 
kinsman.  Mrs.  Burton  Harrison  writes  me  that  he  was  the  *'  uncle," 
and  she  is  as  trustworthy  about  the  Fairfaxes  as  any  of  the  pedigrees 
to  which  the  critic  points  me.* 


•  23.  Mr.  Conway  may  possibly  consider  (as  we  have  no  doubt  Mrs.  Harrison  would) 
the  sketch  of  Martin  Bladen  in  the  English  "  Dictionary  of  National  Biography,"  and  the 
elaborate  i>edigree  of  the  Fairfax  family  in  the  "  Herald  and  Genealogist,"  as  sufficient 
authority  for  our  statement. 


358  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Here  then  are  all  the  charges  against  me,  though  one  or  two  author- 
ities I  have  followed  are  impugned.* 


*  In  conclusion,  we  wish  to  entirely  disclaim  any  unfairness  or  prejudice  towards  Mr. 
Conway.  Instead  of  desiring  to  be  unfair,  when  we  discovered,  a  few  weeks  after  the 
last  Magazine  had  been  published,  that  we  were  in  error  in  our  belief  that  no  negmes 
had  ever  been  quartered  in  Virginia,  we  at  once  informed  the  editor,  requested  space 
in  the  next  number  for  the  correction,  and  handed  him  the  manuscript  in  regard  to  the 
matter  more  than  a  week  before  he  received  Mr.  Conway's  communication. 

Though  such  barbarous  punishments  were  common  under  the  English  law,  we  should 
greatly  have  preferred  to  believe  that  Virginia  was  entirely  free  from  them.  Yet,  when  we 
did  discover  the  record,  we  were  bound  injustice  to  the  truth  of  history,  and  even  to  Mr. 
Conway  (though  he  admits  that  he  knew  nothing  certain  about  the  matter),  to  make  it 
public. 

In  regard  to  another  subject  of  which  Mr.  Conway  complaius — i,  e.,  that  our  quotations 
were  not  at  length.  We  endeavored,  and  believe  succeeded,  in  each  instance,  in  giving 
the  gist  of  his  statements ;  but  the  limits  of  the  Magazine  entirely  forbade  our  occupying 
more  space  than  we  did.  As  it  was,  the  editor  insisted  on  the  utmost  condensation  pos- 
sible. 


PUBLICATIONS   RECEIVED.  359 


Publications  Received 


The  Green  Bag.     Boston,  Mass.    Vol.  V,  Nos.  7,  8,  and  9. 

These  three  numbers  of  the  Green  Bag  contain  a  series  of  articles  on 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Appeals  of  Virginia,  from  the  pen  of  S.  S.  P. 
Patteson,  Esq.,  of  the  Richmond  (Va.)  Bar.  It  is  the  most  complete 
account  of  this  Court  which  has  been  published.  Mr.  Patteson  has 
gathered  together  from  many  sources  a  great  mass  of  important  infor- 
mation bearing  upon  the  history  of  the  Court  and  the  lives  of  its  mem- 
bers from  its  inauguration,  with  the  result  of  producing  one  of  the  most 
valuable  historical  sketches  that  has  recently  appeared.  It  is  valuable 
not  simply  from  a  legal  point  of  view.  It  throws  most  interesting  light 
upon  the  general  spirit  of  the  social  and  political  life  of  Virginia  in  the 
past,  and  upon  the  ability,  learning  and  virtue  of  its  public  men.  These 
articles  are  of  such  unusual  merit,  and  are  such  notable  contributions 
to  the  history  of  the  State,  that  we  would  suggest  their  republication 
in  a  separate  form,  so  as  to  make  them  accessible  to  the  general  circle 
of  readers. 

Captain  John  Smith  and  His  Critics. — A  Lecture  before  the  Soci- 
ety for  Geographical  and  Historical  Study  of  Richmond  College. 
1893.  By  Charles  Poindexter,  Acting  Librarian  of  the  Virginia  State 
Library. 

This  able  and  highly  interesting  contribution  to  the  discussion  of  the 
life  and  character  of  Captain  John  Smith  will  be  reviewed  by  us  at 
length  in  a  subsequent  number  of  the  Magazine.  The  pamphlet, 
which  contains  seventy-four  pages  of  medium  size,  is  from  the  press  of 
the  J.  L.  Hill  Printing  Company,  Richmond.  Va.,  and  is  printed  in  clear 
large  type.    It  is  for  sale  by  Messrs.  West,  Johnston  &  Co.,  of  this  city. 

History  of  Gloucester  County,  Virginia  and  Its  Families. — 
By  Sally  Nelson  Robins.  Illustrated  from  Photographs  taken  by 
Miss  Blanche  Dimmock,  of  Sherwood,  Va.  For  sale  by  West,  John- 
ston &  Co.,  Publishers,  Richmond,  Va.     1893. 

We  defer  until  the  April  number  of  the  Magazine  a  more  extended 
notice  of  this  graceful  and  charming  sketch- 

Harris  Genealogy.— Prepared  by  W.  G.  Stanard  at  the  instance  of 
Mrs.  James  Van  Voast,  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Pennsylvania  Magazine  of  History  and  Biography,  No.  3  of  Volume 
XVII.,  October  1893. 

New  England  Historical  and  Genealogical  Register,  Volume  XLVII, 
October,  1893. 


W3  VIR'^^INIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZIXE. 

W:  >lajn  and  ^larj  CoIIej^e  tfaartedT,  October.  iS^j. 

Proceed;ii|t9  of  the  Amerkan  Aotiqoarian  Sooctr. 

Manual  of  the  Cayuga  Coontjr  Historical  Sooetj,  Anboni.  Xev  York. 

Rf^th  Annual   Report  of  the  Ohio  State  Ardueoioeical  and  His- 
torical Society,  1892. 

Canadian  Record  of  Science,  Volume  V.  No.  7. 

American  Journal  of  Politics.  October,  1892. 

f  {Ktorioal  .Society  of  Montana  Contributions,  Voinme  L 

Proceeding  of  the  Huguenot  Society  of  London,  November  9,  1892. 
to  May  If,  1893. 

Education  Magazine,  December,  1893. 

L'niversity  of  Virginia  Magazine,  October,  1893. 

Proceedings  of  the  New  Jersey  Historical  Society,  Voinme  \n. 

Transaaions  and  Reports  of  Nebraska  State  Historical  Society,  Vol- 
ume V. 

Sir  Samuel  Andros,  by  Henry  Ferguson,  A.  >f. 

druggies,  Perils  and  Hopes  of  the  Negroes  in  the  United  States,  by 
Rt,  Rev.  C.  C.  Penick.  D.  D. 

Aboriginal  Remains   of  the  Piedmont  and  Valley  Region  of  Vir- 
ginia, by  Gerard  Fowkc. 

Kuskarawaokes  of  Capt.  John  Smith,  by  William  Wallace  Tooker. 

Two  Pioneers  in  the  Historical  Study  of  English.  Jefferson  and  Klip- 
stein,  by  John  B.  Henneman,  A.  M. 

Jerertiiah  Colburn — a  Sketch,  by  Jno.  Ward  I>ean. 

Early  Days  in  California,  by  Justice  Stephen  J.  Field. 

Burgoyne  Ballads,  by  Wm.  H.  Stone. 

Handbook  of  University  Extension,  Edited  by  G.  F.  James. 

By-I^ws  of  the  Society  of  the  Colonial  Dames  of  America  in  the 
State  of  Virginia. 

History  of  Mexican  War,  by  Gen.  C.  M.  Wilcox. 

History  of  the  Allison  Family,  by  L.  A.  Morrison. 

Report  of  the  Governor  of  Arizona  Territory. 

New  Socialism  and  Economics,  by  Wm.  B.  Weeden. 

John  Hopkins  Studies.     Eleventh  Series,  Volumes  IX,  X,  XI,  XII. 


^jtn 


VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL  SOCIETY'S  BUILDING. 

(War  Residence  ot  <'.«i«ral  R.  E.  Lek,) 
No.  707  East  Fdanklih  Sthert,  Richhohd,  Va. 


Virginia  Historical  Society. 


At  the  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Virginia 
Historical  Society,  held  February  loth,  1894,  in  the  Society's 
building,  Mr.  Joseph  Bryan,  President  of  the  Society,  appointed 
the  following  Standing  Committees  for  1894 : 

FINANCE  COMMITTEE. 

JOSEPH  BRYAN,  Chairman. 
EDWARD  V.  VALENTINE. 
B.  B.  MUNFORD. 
VIRGINIUS  NEWTON. 


PUBLICATION  COMMITTEE. 

CoL.  ARCHER  ANDERSON,  Chairman. 
B.  W.  GREEN,  M.  D. 
CHARLES  V.  MEREDITH. 
LYON  G.  TYLER. 
ROSEWELL  PAGE. 

Editor  of  the  Magazine. 

PHILIP  A.  BRUCE. 


MEMBERSHIP  COMMITTEE. 

WILLIAM  P.  PALMER,  M.  D.,  Chairman. 
D.  C.  RICHARDSON. 
R.  H.  GAINES. 
F.  H.  McGUIRE. 


LIBRARY  COMMITTEE. 

Hon.  J.  L.  M.  CURRY,  Chairman. 
ROBERT  LEE  TRAYLOR. 
RICHARD  H.  DABNEY. 
R.  M.  HUGHES. 
PHILIP  A.  BRUCE. 


11  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   SOCIETY. 

After  the  adjournment  of  the  Executive  Committee  the  Library- 
Committee  met  and  drew  up  the  following  address,  which  was 
ordered  to  be  published  in  the  Magazine : 

ADDRESS  OF  THE  LIBRARY  COMMITTEE. 

The  By-Laws  of  the  Society  provide  that  the  contents  of  its  Library, 
which  include  now  about  twelve  thousand  books  and  paihphlets,  shall 
be  accessible,  during  hours  fixed  by  the  Executive  Committee,  to  all 
members,  and,  upon  written  request  of  members,  to  their  guests. 
These  hours  are  at  present  daily,  except  Sunday,  from  8*30  A.  M.  to  4 
P.  M.,  and  the  advisability  of  extending  them  from  7:30  P.  M.  to  10:3a 
P.  M.  also  is  now  under  consideration. 

Life  or  regular  members  are  privileged  to  take  from  the  Library  twa 
printed  volumes  at  a  time,  which  may  be  retained  by  resident  members 
not  exceeding  two  weeks,  and  by  non-resident  members  not  exceeding 
four  weeks. 

In  hope  of  stimulating  the  growth  of  a  spirit  of  historical  inquiry 
and  research  in  the  Slate,  the  Library  Committee  respectfully  invites 
and  earnestly^urges  all  members  to  avail  themselves  of  these  privileges 
and  advantages. 

Members  are  requested  to  solicit  contributions  of  books,  maps,  por- 
traits, and  manuscripts  of  historical  value  or  importance,  particularly 
such  as  may  throw  light  upon  the  political,  social  or  religious  life  of 
the  people  of  Virginia. 

The  Society  will  become  the  custodian  of  such  articles  of  this  char- 
acter as  the  possessors  may  for  any  cause  be  unwilling  to  give,  and  in 
the  case  of  family  papers  or  other  manuscripts  which  it  may  be  unde- 
sirable to  publish,  it  will,  upon  request,  keep  them  confidential. 

In  the  vicissitudes  of  war,  and  the  repeated  removals  to  which  the 
Society's  Library  has  been  subjected,  many  volumes  have  been  lost 
and  the  sets  broken.  Odd  volumes  from  the  collections  of  its  mem- 
bers and  well-wishers  will  therefore  be  gratefully  received. 

It  is  especially  desirable  to  secure  as  complete  a  collection  as  possi- 
ble of  early  Virginia  newspapers,  periodicals  and  almanacs. 

Any  book  or  pamphlet  written  by  a  native  or  resident  of  Virginia, 
published  or  printed  in  Virginia,  or  in  any  way  relating  to  Virginia  or 
Virginians,  will  be  accepted  and  preserved. 

J.  L.  M.  CuRRV,  Chairman, 
Robert  M.  Hughes, 
Robert  Lee  Travlor, 
Richard  Heath  Dabnky, 
Philip  A.  Bruce,  Librarian. 


TH  E 


Virginia  Magazine 


OF 


HISTORY    AND    BIOGRAPHY 


Vol.  I.  APRIL,  1894.  No.  4 


Public  Officers  in  Virginia,  1702,  1714. 

[The  list  of  civil  and  military  officers,  including  list  of  attorneys,  be- 
ginning with  Isle  of  Wight  county  and  extending  to  the  end  of  the 
article,  published  in  the  January  number  of  the  Magazine  on  page  246, 
should  be  transferred  to  page  226  of  the  same  number  and  attached  to 
the  list  ending  with  James  City  county.  They  were  officers  for  1680 
and  not  for  1699,  as  would  appear  as  printed.  It  was  not  discovered 
until  the  January  number  had  been  published  that  there  had  been  a 
transposition  in  the  original  copy.] 

[Board  of  Trade — Virginia — Vol:  9.] 

May  itt  please yoW  Lord'ps 

I  should  shew  myself  very  ungratefull  if  I  omitted  this  first 
Oppertunity  of  returning  your  Lord^  my  most  Humble  thanks 
for  the  favourable  representation  of  my  case  to  his  late  Ma^*  to 
w**  I  attribute  y'  Honour  of  being  advanced  Sec''  I  must  owne 
myself  very  much  indebted  and  doe  assure  y"'  Lord^**  all  my 
indeavours  shall  bee  to  merritt  some  little  of  the  Honour  your 
Lord^  has  done  me. 

On  your  Lord^  representation  I  am  comanded  to  Actuall 
Residence  att  Williamsburg  of  w*"**  I  shall  bee  very  observant  as 
soon  as  possible  conveniency  will  ad  mitt,  noe  houses  to  bee 


362  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

rented  I  am  building  which  hope  to  finish  before  the  Offices  can 
bee  removed  to  the  Capitoll.  I  am  reasonably  happy  ea  my 
present  scituation  an  hours  time  compassing  y*  Journey.  As  I 
have  not  hitherto  soe  shall  not  bee  wanting  att  Councills  Emer- 
gent &  Publick  occasions.  By  the  direction  of  his  Excellency  I 
have  delivered  him  all  publick  Papers  Journalls  &  Orders  of 
Councill  to  bee  safely  transmitted  to  your  Lord**^. 

My  Lords  I  shall  w***  all  Humility  Observe  the  comands  you 
please  to  lay  on  mee  &  very  industriously  waite  the  Business 
where  in  I  am  placed,  And  hope  I  shall  not  committ  anything  to 
merritt  Alteration;  I  beg  I  may  have  still  a  place  in  your  Lord" 
Good  Opinion  &  continue  under  your  Lord**  Protection,  for  I 
esteem  nothing  more  then  to  be,  My  Lords, 

Yo'  Lord^*  Most  Humble  &  most  Obedient  Serv* 

[Signed]     E.  Jenings. 
Virginia: 

Williamsburg h,  y'  i8th  July,  1702. 

I  have  transmitted  to  your  Lord*"  Sec'^  to  bee  laid  before  your 
Lord**  a  List  of  the  present  Ecclesiasiick  &  Civill  Officers, 
quantity  of  Acres  of  Land,  Number  of  Tithables,  of  w'^  I  have 
also  delivered  his  Excellency  a  Coppy. 

[Indorsed.] 
Virginia, 

Letter  from  Mr.  Jennings,  Sec'^  of  Virginia  to  y*  Board  a** 
his  Advancement  to  that  office;  Dated  i8th  July,  1702. 

Rec*  2ith     )      Q^^,r    ,^^^ 
Read  22,       )      ^^P' '  '702. 


t  List  of  the  Navigable  Rivers,  Creeks  eV  d&  officers  belonging 
to  the  high  Court  of  Admiralty,  Custome  house  officers,  Pilotis 
and  Tributary  Indians  on  the  Severall  Rivers  in  Virginia, 
July  the  8th,  JJ02, 

Navigable  Rivers, — ^James  River. 

Navigable  Creeks  &  Members  thereunto  belonging, — Eliza- 
beth R.,  Hampton  R.,  Nansemond  R.,  Pagan  C,  Chuckatuck 


PUBLIC   OFFICERS   IN  VIRGINIA,    I702,    I714.  363 

C,  Warwick  R.,  P<3coson  or  Back,  Chickahotniny  R.,  Appa- 
matuck  R. 

Collectors. — Edward  Hill  [Upper]  District;  Geo.  Luke,  Low' 
District. 

Navdll  Officers, — Nati^'  Harrison,  Upp' District ;  Wm.  Wilson, 
Low'  District. 

Pilots, — ^Jn*  Lowry,  Isra*  Vaulx. 

Indians  and  No,  of, — Nansemond  &  Weyanokes,  lo;  Ma: 
Herrings,  60;  Nottoways,  80. 

Navigable  Rivers, — York  River. 

Navigable  Creeks  &  Members  thereunto  belonging, — Pamun- 
key  R.,  Mattapany  R.,  Queen  Mary  port  C,  Sarah's  C, 
Wormley  C,  Severne  R.,  North  R.,  Ware  R.,  Eastermost  R., 
Peanketank  R.,  Charles  R. 

Judge  of  ye  Admiralty. — Wm.  Leigh. 

Register, — Rob'  Beverley. 

Marshall, — Mich*  Sherman. 

Advocate. — Jn"  Taylor. 

Collectors. — Wm.  Buckner. 

Navall  Officers, — Miles  Gary. 

Pilots, — Wm.  Severs. 

Indians  afid  No,  of. — Pamunkey,  50;  Ghickahominy,  30. 

Navigable  Rivers. — Rappahannock  River. 

Navigable  Creeks  &  Members  thereunto  belonging, — Goroto- 
man  R.,  Carter  C,  Rosegill  C,  Deep  C,  Moraitico  C,  Hear- 
ing G. 

Collectors. — Rich*  Chichester,  Nich"  Spencer. 

Navall  Officers,^  Gawin  Gorbin,  Rich*  Lee. 

Pilots. — Gar"  Minor,  Jam'  Jones. 

Indians  and  No.  of. — Portobago  or  Nanzattico,  30;  Wico- 
comoco. 

Navigable  Rivers, — South  Potomock  River. 

Navigable  Creeks  &  Members  thereunto  belonging, — Divideing 
C,  Wiccocomoco  R.,  Gone  R.,  Yeocomoco  R.,  Matchoticks  R., 
Mattocks  R.,  Upp'  Matchotick  R.,  Potomock  G.,  Oquio. 

Collectors. — Hen :  Scarbrough. 

Navall  Officers. — Hancock  Gustis. 

Indians. — Pungotege,  Matomkin,  Gingotege,  Kiquotank,  Mat- 
chapungo,  Occhanock,  Chisonessex,  Gingase. 


364  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Navigable  Rivers, — Eastern  Shore,  Norlhfampton],  Accomack 
Rivers. 

Navigable  Creeks  and  Members  thereunto  belonging. — Smith's 
Island  R.,  Cherrystone  C,  Hungars  C,  Naswatock  C,  Occoha- 
nock  C,  Cradock  C,  Nandue  C,  Pungotege  C,  Ononcock  C, 
Checonesick  C,  Deep  C,  Hunting  C,  Pocomock  R. 

[Signed]         By  E.  Jenings. 

[Indorsed.] 
Virgifiia, 

List  of  the  Rivers,  Creeks  &  of  the  Officers  belonging-  to  y* 
Adm^  &  Cuslomes,  &c.,  in  Virginia,  referred  to  in  Mr.  Jennings 
L^'of  18"' July,  1702. 

Rec*  21*^  1  e     ^     .^. 
Read        {Sept.  1702. 


A  List  of  the  quantity  of  acres  of  Landy  Number  of  Tithables 
&  Civill  officers  in  the  severall  Counties  of  this  her  Majesties 
Colony  and  Dominio?i  of  Virginia  this  8th  Day  of  fuly  iyo2  : 

Accomack  County. 

Acres  of  Land, — 200,86 1 . 

Tithables. — i  ,04 1 . 

Burgesses, — Tho.  Welburn,  Tully  Robinson. 

Justices  of  the  Peace, — Edm*  Scarbrough,  Geo.  Nich"  Hack, 
Rich*  Bayly,  Tho.  Welburn,  Benitt  Scarbrough,  Geo.  Parker, 
Robt.  Hutchinson,  Edw*  Moore,  Rob*  Pitt,  Jn"  Watts,  Southy 
Littleton. 

Escheator, — Edm*  Scarbrough. 

Coroners, — Edm*  Scarbrough,  Tho.  Welburne,  Geo.  Parker. 

County  Clerk, — ^Jn**  Wasburne. 

Surveyor, — Edm*  Scarbrough. 

Charles  City  County. 

Acres  of  Land, — 1 69 ,  90 1 . 
Tithables. —  i  ,327. 


PUBLIC    OFFICERS   IN    VIRGINIA.    I702,    I714.  365 

Burgesses. — Rich*  Bland,  Jn"  Wynn. 

Sheriff, — Char.  Goodrich. 

Justices  of  the  Peace, — Rich*  Bland,  Dan*  Luellin,  Char.  Good- 
rich, Robert  Boiling,  Little'  Epes.  Geo.  Blighton,  Jn**  Hadiman, 
Micajah  Low,  Rich.  Bradford,  ]v^  Wynn,  and*  Jn"  Terry. 

Escheator, — Wm.  Randolph. 

County  Clerk, — Ben.  Harrison. 

Surveyor, — Robt.  Boiling. 

Elizabeth  City  County. 

Acres  of  Land, — 29,560. 

Tiihables,  — 478. 

Burgesses, — Wm.  Wilson,  Wm.  Armistead. 

Sheriff,— ^\c\i''  Curie. 

Justices  of  the  Peace, — Wm.  Wilson,  Ant"  Armistead,  Robert 
Beverley,  Pascho  Curie,  Wm.  Lowry,  August"  Moore,  Coleman 
Brough,  Walt'  Bayly,  Nich"  Curie. 

Escheator, — Jn**  Lightfoot. 

County  Clerk, — Charles  Jenings. 

Surveyor, — Wm.  Lowry. 

Essex  County. 

• 

Acres  of  Land, — 1 25 ,  350. 

Tithables, — i ,  034. 

Burgesses, — ^Jn"  Catleit,  Tho.  Edmondson. 

Sheriff, — Tho.  Merri wether. 

Justices  of  the  Peace, — ^Jn"*  Callett,  Tho.  Edmondson,  Francis 
Talliaferro,  Bernard  Gaines,  Rob'  Brookes,  Jn*  Battaile,  Jn" 
Talliaferro,  Jam'  Boughan,  ffra.  Gouldman,  Rich**  Covinton, 
Dan^  Dobins,  Rob*  Paine,  Tho.  Merriwether,  Wm.  Tomlin,  Benj. 
Mosely,  Sam*  Thacker,  Rob*  Coleman. 

Escheator, — Matt.  Page. 

Coroners. — ^Jn"  Catlet,  Robt.    Brookes,  Jam.    Boughan,   Rich** 
Covington. . 

County  Clerk, —^Tdi.  Merriwether. 

Surveyor, — Charles  Smith. 


366  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


• 


Gloucester  County. 

Acres  of  Land, — 142 ,479. 

Tithables. — 2, 626. 

Burgesses, — Pet'  Beverley  (speaker),  Mord.  Cook. 

Sheriff,— ^tX<tt  Kemp. 

Justices  of  the  Peace, — ^Jam.  Ransom,  Mordecai  Cook,  Con- 
quest Wyat,  Jn"  Gwin,  Sands  Knowles.  Pet'  Kemp,  Rich* 
Booker,  Amb.  Dudley,  Tho.  Tod,  Thomas  Buckner,  Ant**  Greg- 
ory, Jn"  Smith,  Gabriell  Throgmorton. 

Escheator, — Matt"'  Page. 

County  Clerk, — Pet'  Beverley. 

Surveyor, — Miles  Cary. 

Henrico  County. 

Acres  of  Land, — 146,650. 

Tithables,  — 863. 

Burgesses, — Tho.  Cock,  Wm.  Farrar. 

Sheriff,— GxX^^  Webb. 

Justices  of  the  Peace, — Rich*  Cock,  Wm.  Randolph,  Peter 
Feild,  Francis  Epes,  Wm.  Farrar,  J  no.  Worsham,  Tho"  Cock, 
Giles  Webb,  Jos.  Royall,  Jn**  Boiling. 

Escheator, — Wm.  Randolph. 

Coroners, -^VJm,  Randolph,  Wm.  Cock,  Peter  Feild,  Seth 
Ward. 

County' Clerk, — James  Cock. 

Surveyor, — Richard  Ligon. 

James  City  County. 

Acres  of  Land, — 108,366. 

Tithables, — 1,1 93. 

Burgesses,  — ^Jam'  Bray,  Geo.  Marable,  Rob'  Beverley. 

Sheriff, — Tho.  Cowlett. 

Justices  of  the  Peace, — Phill.  Lightfoot,  Henry  Duke,  Benj.  Har- 
rison, Phill.  Ludwell,  Mich^  Sherman,  Jam'  Bray,  Tho.  Cowles, 
Hugh  Norwell,  Wm.  Edwards,  Wm.  Drummond,  Tho.  Mount- 
fort,  Jn**  Frasier,  Dionisius  Wright,  Jn"  Geddis,  Henry  Soane. 


PUBLIC  OFFICERS  IN  VIRGINIA,  I702,  1714.      367 

Escheator, — ^Jno.  Lighifoot. 

County  Clerk, — Chic.  Corbin  Thacker. 

Surveyor, — ^Jam"  Minge,  Jr. 

Isle  of  Wight  County. 

Acres  of  Land, — 1 30, 496. 

TithMes,  — 876. 

Burgesses, — Henry  Applethwaite,  Tho.  Giles. 

Sheriff, — Wm.  Bridger. 

Justices  of  the  Peace, — Hen.  Applethwaite,  Sam*  Bridger,  Geo. 
Moor,  Jerem.  Exam,  Hen.  Baker,  Tho.  Giles,  Am"  Holliday, 
Arth'  Smith,  Rob'  Key,  Hump.  Marshall,  Jn°  Pitt,  Wm.  Bidger, 
Hen.  Applethwaite,  Jun'. 

Escheator, — Wm.  Randolph. 

Coroners, — Hen.  Applethwaite,  Geo.  Moore. 

County  Clerk, — Char.  Chapman. 

Surveyor, — Thomas  Swann. 

King  and  Queen  County. 

Acres  of  Land, — 209,102. 

Tithables, — i  .848. 

Burgesses. — Wm.  Leigh,  Jam'  Taylor. 

Sheriff.— ]n''  Walker. 

Justices  of  the  Peace, — Wm.  Leigh,  Rich*  Gregory,  Tho. 
Paulin,  John  Walker,  Rich*  Anderson,  Wm.  Byrd,  Jam'  Taylor, 
Jn**  Storey,  Geo.  Braxton,  Hen.  Feilding,  Jn"  Wyatl,  John  Major, 
Tho.  Pettit. 

Escheator, — Matt''  Page. 

County  Clerk, — Robt.  Beverly. 

Surveyor, — Harry  Beverley. 

King  William  County. 

Tithables,  — 803. 

Burgesses, — ^Jn"  West,  Nait:  West. 

Sheriff,— ]n''  Waller. 


368  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Justices  of  the  Peace. — Hen:  Fox,  Jn"  Waller,  Jn*  West,  Hen: 
Madison,  Wm.  Clay  borne.  Rich*  Gissedge,  Martin  Palmer,  Dan* 
Miles,  Rog'  Mallory,  Tho.  Carr,  Wm.  Noy,  Geo,  Dabney,  Tho: 
Terry. 

Escheator. — Matt:  Page. 

County  Clerk, — Wm.  Aylett. 

Surveyor, — Harry  Beverley. 

Lancaster  County. 

Tithables,  — 926. 

Burgesses ^ — ^Jos.  Ball,  Wm.  Fox.  • 

Sheriff, — Hen:  Fleet. 

Justices  of  the  Peace. — Dav*  Fox,  Jos:  Ball,  Hen:  Fleet,  Wm. 
Lester,  Wm.  Ball,  Alex.  Swan,  Wm.  Fox,  Jn"  Tubervill,  Jn* 
Pinckard,  Tho:  Martin,  Rich*  Ball,  Tho:  Pinckard. 

Coroners. — Dav*  Fox,  John  Tubervill. 

County  Clerk, — ^Jos:  Tayloe. 

Middlesex  County. 

Acres  of  Land, — 48,200. 

Tiihables,  — 8 1 4. 

Burgesses, — Gawin  Corbin,  Edw°  Thacker. 

Sheriff, — Sr.  Wm.  Skipwith. 

Justices  of  the  Peace, — S'  Wm.  Skipwith,  Bar.,  Matt:  Kemp, 
Wm.  Churchill,  Robt.  Dudley,  Gaw"  Corbin,  Fra:  Weekes, 
Henry  Thacker,  Jno:  Smith,  Jno:  Grimes,  Corbin  Griffin,  Christ: 
Robinson,  Tobias  Micklebrough,  Harry  Beverley. 

Escheator, — Matt'  Page. 

Coroner,  — Matt : '  Kemp. 

County  Clerk, — Edw''  Thacker. 

Surveyor, — Edwin  Thacker. 

Nansemond  County. 

Acres  of  Land. — 1 30, 500. 
Tiihables. — i ,  030 . 


PUBUC   OFFICERS    IN   VIRGINIA,    I702,    I714.  369 

Burf[esses, — Tho:  Milner,  Dan*  Sullivan. 

Sheriff, — Char:  Drury. 

Justices  of  the  Peace, — :Geo:  Nosworthy,  Thos:  Swan,  Luke 
Havild,  Fra:  Milner,  Tho:  Milner,  Cha:  Drury,  Jno:  Speir,  Wm. 
Hunter,  Wm.  Wright,  Rich*  Awborn,  Hen:  Jenkins,  James 
Lockhart. 

Escheator, — Wm.  Randolph. 

County  Clerk, — Dan*  Sullivan. 

Surveyor, — Tho:  Milner. 

Norfolk  County. 

Acres  of  Land, — 110,534. 

Tithables.  — 693. 

Burgesses, — Rich*  Church,  Matt.  Godfrey. 

Sheriff, — ^Sam*  Boush. 

Justices  of  the  Peace, — Tho:  Hodges,  Jam:  Wilson,  Rich* 
Church,  Sam*  Boush.  Tho:  Willoughby,  Jno:  Hodges,  Matt: 
Godfrey,  Wm.  Langley,  Lem:  Mason,  Geo:  Mason,  James  Wilson, 
jun',  Matthew  Spivy. 

Escheator, — Wm.  Randolph. 

Coroners, — Tho:  Willoughby,  Sam*  Boush,  James  Wilson. 

County  Clerk, — Lem*  Wilson. 

Surveyor, — Tho:  Millner. 

New  Kent  County. 

Acres  of  Land, — 175,334. 
Tithables,  —  i ,  245 . 

Burgesses, — Wm.  Bassett,  Jos:  Foster. 
Sheriff. — Nich"  Merriweiher. 

Justices  of  the  Peace, — ^Jos:  Foster,  Lancel.  Bathurst,  Wm. 
Basset,  Jn"  Lyddall,  Jam"  Moss,  Jn**  Stanup,  Tho:  Smith,  Jn" 
Lewis,  Nich.  Merriwether,  Geo.  Keeling,  Jn*'  King,  Henry 
Chiles. 

Escheator, — ^Jno.  Lightfoot. 

Coroner s,^-~\jdXi^,  Bathurst,  Jn'  Stanup,  Nich:  Mtrri wether, 
Jno.  Lewis. 

County  Clerk, — Geo:  Clough. 

Surveyor, — James  Minge,  Sen^ 


370  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


Northumberland  County. 

Tithables, — i ,  1 89. 

Burgesses, — Rodh"  Kennor,  Tho:  Hobson. 

Sheriff. — Geo:  Cooper. 

Justices  of  the  Peace, — Sam*  Griffin,  Hancock  Lee,  Char:  Lee. 
Geo:  Cooper,  Rodh"  Kennor,  Pet:  Hack,  Jn"*  Harris,  Chris^ 
Neale,  Jn"*  Crawley,  Pet'  Contanceane.  Tho:  Winder,  Leon*  How- 
son,  Jn"  Eustace,  Jam"  Waddy,  Jn'  Howson. 

Coroners, — ^Jno.  Harris,  Rich*  Flint,  Pet:  Contanceane,  Edw* 
Sanders. 

County  Clerk, — Tho:  Hobson. 

Surveyor, — George  Cooper. 

Northampton. 

Acres  of  Land, — 102,099. 

Tithables,  — 693. 

Burgesses. — Wm.  Waters,  Jn°  Powell. 

Justices  of  the  Peace, — ^Jno.  Robins,  Phill.  ffisher,  Obed:  John- 
son,  Nath:  Littleton.  Wm.  Waters,  Jn**  Custis,  jun',  Ralph  Piggoit, 
Wm.  Harmason,  Jn**  Powell,  Jacob  Johnson,  Tho:  Savage,  Geo: 
Harmason,  Littleton  Robinson. 

Escheator, — Jno.  Custis. 

Corojiers, — Wm.  Waters,  Jac.  Johnson,  Geo*  Harmason. 

County  Clerk. — Dan*  Neech. 

Surveyor, — Edw*  Scarbrough. 

Princess  Anne. 

Acres  of  Land, — 97 ,89 1 . 

Tithables, — 727. 

Burgesses, — Adam  Thorogood,  Edw*  Moseley. 

Justices  of  the  Peace, — Benoni:  Burrough,  Fra:  Morse,  Edw* 
Moseley,  Adam  Thorogood,  Tho:  Lawson,  Solom:  White,  Hen: 
Spratt,  Joel  Cornick,  Jn°  Richardson,  Jno.  Moseley,  Horatio 
Woodhouse. 

Escheator. — Wm.  Randolph. 


PUBLIC  OFFICERS   IN   VIRGINIA,    I702,    1714.  371 

Coroners, — Edw*  Moseley,  Robt.  Thorogood,  Hen:   Wood- 
house,  Patr.  White. 

County  Clerk, — Chris.  Cock. 
Surveyor, — Tho:  Millner. 

Richmond  County. 

Tithables, — 1,358. 

Burgesses, — Wm.  Tayloe,  Geo:  Taylor. 

Sheriff, — Wm.  Downman. 

Justices  of  the  Peace, — Wm.  Tayloe,  Geo:  Taylor,  Sam* 
Peachy,  Wm.  Underwood,  Alex.  Doniphan,  Jn**  Deane,  Dav* 
Gwin,  Jno:  Baker,  Wm.  Dolman,  Jn"  Tarpley,  Rawleigh  Tra- 
verse, Francis  Slaughter. 

Coroners, — Jno.  Baker,  David  Gwin,  Wm.  Underwood,  Alex. 
Doniphan. 

County  Clerk. — ^James  Sherlock. 

SuRRV  County. 

Acres  0/  Land, — 102,425. 

Tithables, — 739. 

Burgesses, — Nalt:  Harrison,  Sam*  Thompson. 

Justices  of  the  Peace, — Hen:  Tooker,  Wm.  Browne,  jun^  Tho: 
Holt,  Jam*  Mason,  Nat*  Harrison,  Sam*  Thompson,  Wm.  New- 
som,  Wm.  Cock,  Tho:  Drew,  Jn"  Edward,  Edw*  Jackson. 

Escheator, — Wm.  Randolph. 

Coroners, — Tho:  Holt,  Nat*  Harrison. 

County  Clerk. — Fra:  Clements. 

Surveyor, — Thomas  Swann. 

Stafford  County. 

Tithables,— ^2^, 

Burgesses, — Geo :  Mason,  Wm.  Fitzhugh. 

Sheriff, — Char:  Ellis. 

Justices  of  the  Peace, — Geo:  Mason,  Malt:  Thompson,  Rob' 
A.lexander,  Rice  Hoe,  Rich*  Fossaker,  Jn"  Washington,  Jos : 
Sumner,  Jn"*  Waugh,  jun',  Edw*  Hart,  Tho :  Gregg,  Rich*  Foote, 


372  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Tho:  Gibson,  Phill:  Alexander,  Wm.  Bunburg,  Jno:  West  & 
Charles  Ellis. 

County  Clerk. — Wm.  ffitzhugb. 

Surveyor. — Tho.  Gregg. 

Warwick  County. 

Acres  of  Land. — 38,606. 

Tithables.  — 505. 

Burgesses. — Miles  Cary,  Wm.  Cary. 

Sheriff. — Tho:  Merry. 

Justices  of  the  Peace. — Humph:  Harwood,  Miles  Cary,  Sam' 
Ranshaw,  Robt.  Hubbard,  Wm.  Cary,  Tho :  Merry.  Wm.  Ras- 
cow,  Tho :  Charles,  Matt :  Jones,  Miles  Wills,  Tho :  Haynes 
Jno:  Tignall. 

Escheator.  — ^John  Lightfoo t . 

Coroners. — Wm.  Cary,  Wm.  Rascow. 

County  Clerk. — Miles  Cary,  Jr. 

Surveyor. — Wm.  Lowry. 

Westmoreland  County. 

Tithables. — i  ,083. 

Burgesses. — Alex  :  Spence,  Jam*  Westcomb. 

Sheriff. — Lew*  Markham. 

Justices  oj  the  Peace. — Wm.  Peirce,  Francis  Wright,  Nic* 
Spencer,  Alex  Spence,  Willoughby  Allerton,  Lew*  Markham, 
Jam'  Taylor,  Char:  Caleb  Butler,  Jn**  Sturman,  Gerrard  Hutt, 
Geo:  Weedon,  Jno.  Elliott,  And''  Monroe,  Hen:  Ashton  &  Jno. 
Bush  rod. 

County  Clerk, — ^Jam"  Westcomb. 

Surveyor. — Alex.  Spence. 

York  County. 

Acres  of  Larid.  — 6 1 , 1 96. 

Tithables. — 1,1 80. 

Burgesses. — Tho:  Barbar,  Tho:  Ballard. 

Sheriff. — Henry  Tyler. 


PUBLIC  OFFICERS   IN   VIRGINIA.    1702,    1714.  373 

Justices  of  the  Peace, — Tho:  Barbar,  Jos:  Ring,  Robt:  Read, 
Tho:  Ballard,  Tho:  Roberts,  Char:  Hansford,  Wm.  Buckner, 
Hen:  Tyler,  Baldwin  Matthews,  Jno.  Page,  Jam'  Whaley,  Jn** 
Goodwin,  Dan*  Taylor,  Tho:  Nutting. 

Escheator, — ^Jn*  Lightfoot. 

County  Clerk, — Wm.  Sedgwick. 

Surveyor. — Miles  Gary. 

Total  acres  of  land,  2,129,550;  Total  tithables,  25,099. 
Her  Maj"  Learned  Councill  in  the  Law,  Benj:  Harrison. 

Clerk  of  the  house  of  Burgesses,  Wm.  Randolph. 

cS  of  fhTwSVt.  }    Chicheley  Corbin  Thacker. 

Mace  Bearer  and  Messenger  to  the  house  of  Burgesses,  John 
Chiles. 

[Signed]        By  E.  Jenings. 

[Indorsed.] 
Virginia, 

List  of  the  Acres  of  Land  &  of  the  Civill  Officers,  &c.  in  Vir- 
ginia, referred  to  in  M'  Jennings  L'*  of  iSth  July,  1702. 


Rec* 
Read 


^^'*'     j    Sept'  1702. 


[Virginia  Board  of  Trade,  Vol.  9.] 

A  List  of  the  Parishes,  Ministers,    Tithables,  Clergy,   &c.,  to- 
gether with  the   Trustees,  Governors,  Officers,  &  Number  of 
Scholars  of  her  Mafts  Royal  College  of  William  &  Mary, 
in  Virginia,  July  the  8th,  1J02. 

Charles  City  County. 
Parishes, — Bristol  part,  Min,    Geo.   Robinson;    Westopher, 


374  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Min,  Char.  Anderson,  Tithes,  606;  Martin  Brandon,  Tithes^  ^35; 
Weyonoke.  Tithes,  363,  Min.  Jam*  Bushell. 

Elizabeth  City  County. 

Parish, — Elizabeth  City. 
Minister, — ^Jam"  Wallace. 
Tithables,  — 479. 

Essex  County. 

Parishes. — South   farnham,   Min,   Lewis  Latane;  Sittenbum 
part,  i^/«.  Earth:  Yates;  St.  Mary's,  Min,  Wm.  Andrewes. 

Gloucester  County. 

Parishes, — Petsoe,  Min,  Eman^  Jones;  Abbington,  Min,  Guy 
Smith;  Ware,  Min,  Jam'  Clack. 

Henrico  County. 

Parishes, — Verina,  al'  Henrico,  Min,  Jacob  Ware,  Tithes,  709; 
Bristol  part,  Min,  Geo:  Robinson,  Tithes,  518 ;  King  Wm.  parish^ 
Min,  Ben  De  Joux. 

James  City  County. 

Parishes, — Wallingford,  Tithes,  133;  Wilmington,  Min,  Jn* 
Gordon;  James  City,  Min,  Jam'  Blaine,  Tithes,  308;  Martins 
hund*,  Min.  Step:  ffovance.  Tithes,  93;  Bruton  part,  Min.  Cope 
Doyly. 

Trustees,  ffounders,  &  GoverrCrs  appointed  by  the  Charter, — 
His  Ex*^  ffrancis  Nicholson,  Esq'.,  Wm.  Cole,  dead,  Ralph 
Wormley,  dead,  Wm.  Byrd,  EsqVs. 

Governors  elected  by  virtue  of  ye  Charter. — Dan^  Parke  in 
England,  Phil:  Ludwell  in  England. 

Isle  of  Wight  County. 

Parishes. — Warick  Creek  [Warrosqueake],  Min.  Tho:  Sbarpe, 
Tithes,  304;  Newport,  Min.  And'  Monroe,  Tithes,  537. 


PUBLIC  OFFICERS  IN  VIRGINIA,    I702,    I714.  375 

Trustees y  ffounderSf  &  Govern  rs  appointed  by  the  Charter, — 
Jn^  Lear,  dead,  Jam*  Blaine. 

GoverrCrs  elected  by  virtue  of  ye  Charter, — Lewis  Burwell, 
Phill.  Ludwell,  jun^  Wm.  ffitzhugh,  dead. 

King  &  Queen  County. 

Parishes, — St.  Stephen's,  Min,  Ralph  Booker,  TitheSy  783; 
Stratton  Maj',  Min,  Edw*  Portlock. 

Trustees,  ffounderSy  &  GovernWs  appointed  by  the  Charter, — 
Jno.  ffarnifold,  Sleph"  ffovance,  Sam*  Gray,  Cl'ks. 

Governors  elected  by  virtue  of  ye  Charter, — Wm.  Leigh,  Benj. 
Harrison,  Wm.  Basset. 

Chancellor, — Thomas,  Lord  Arch- Bishop  of  Canterbury. 

President, — ^Jam"  Blaine. 

Rector, — Wra.  Byrd. 

School  Master, — Mongo  Ingles. 

Usher,— ]Ti^  Allen. 

Writeing  Master  Register, — Wm.  Robinson. 

Scholars, — 29. 

King  William  County. 

Parishes. — St.  Johns,  Min,  Jn*  Munroe,  Tithes,  803 ;  Christ 
church,  Min,  And''  Jackson,  Tithes,  508. 

Trustees  ffounders  &  Governors  appointed  by  the  Charter, — 
Tho :  Milner  dead,  Chris  Robinson  dead,  Char  :  Scarbrough. 

GovernWs  elected  by  virtue  of  ye  Charter, — Arth'  Allen,  Tho: 
Barbar. 

Lancaster  County. 

Parish. — St.  Mary's  White  Chappell. 
Minister,  — ^J  n**  Ca r n agie. 
Tithables, — 433. 

Trustees  ffounders  &  Govern!  rs  appointed  by  the  Charter, — 
Jn*  Smith  dead,  Benj.  Harrison. 

Middlesex  County. 

Parish, — Christ  Church. 
Minister. — Rob*  Yaies. 


376  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Trustees  ffounders  &  Govern' rs  appointed  iy  the  Charter, — 
Miles  Cary. 

Nansemond   County. 

Parishes, — Upper  parish,  Lower  parish,  Chuckatuck. 
Trustees  ffounders  &  Governors  appointed  by  the  Charter, — 
Hen :  Hartwell,  dead,  Wm.  Randolph,  Matt^  Page,  Gent. 

Norfolk  County. 

Parish, — Eliza  River. 
Minister, — Wm.  Rudd. 
Tithables, — 707. 

New  Kent  County. 

Parishes, — Blesland,  Tithes,  526;  St.  Peters,  il//«.  Jam"  Booker, 
Tithes y  801. 

Northumberland  County. 

/'amA^j.—ffair field.  Min,  Jn'  ffarnifold ;  Wicocomoco,  Min. 
Jn*  Urqhart. 

Northampton  County. 

Parish,  — Hungars. 
Minister,  — Pet'  Coi  1  ier . 
Tithables, — 712. 

Princess  Anne  County. 

Parish, — Lin  haven. 
Minister, — Solom"  Wheatley. 
Tithables, — 674. 

Richmond  County. 

Parishes, — St.   Mary's,  Sitienburn  part,  Min,   Earth*  Yates; 
North  farnham,  Min,  Pet'  Kippax. 


public  officers  in  virginia,  i702,  i714.  877 

Surry  County. 

Parishes. — South warke,  Min,  Alex.  Walker,  Tithes,  552; 
Lyons  Creek,  al's  Lawn's,  Min,  Tho:  Burnet,  Tithes,  ^27, 

Stafford   County. 

Parishes, — St.  Paule,  Tithes,  346;  Overworton,  Min.  Jno. 
ffrazier,  Tithes,  518. 

Warwick  County. 
Parishes. — Mulberry  Island,  Tithes,  204;  Denby,  Tithes,  278. 

Westmorland  County. 

Parishes. — Cople,  Min.  Jam'  Brechin;  Washington,  Tithes, 
480. 

YoRKE  County. 

Parishes. — Bruton,  part,  Min.  Cope  Doyley,  Tithes,  581; 
Hampton,  Min.  Steph :  ffovance ;  Yorke,  Charles,  Min.  Jam' 
Slater. 

[Sign*]    Jam'  Blair,  Comissary  to  y*  Lord  Bishop  of  London  ; 
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LETTERS   OF  WILLIAM   FITZHUGH.  891 

Letters  of  Wm.  Fitzhugh. 

(continued.) 

April  22nd,  1686. 
Dearest  Brother : 

With  the  Same  Content  and  Satisfaction  as  wearied  travel- 
lers take  up  their  In,  or  weather  Beaten  Voyagers  their  desired 
Port  After  a  long  tedious  and  stormy  voyage,  so  did  I  the  most 
welcome  joyfuU  and  glad  news  of  your  health,  welfare  and  pros- 
perity, which  I  had  from  my  Sister,  Cousin  William  Fitzhugh  & 
more  particularly  from  Mr.  Cooper.  Your  Self  would  not  add 
to  that  happiness  I  believe  doubting  too  great  a  repetition,  might 
cause  a  Surfeit,  or  too  great  &  Sudden  a  joy,  a  Suffocation  of 
the  Spirits. 

If  that  hindered  you  from  writing  last  year  I  have  prepered  by 
a  composed  frame.  Not  to  fear  the  one  or  doubt  the  other,  but 
am  ready  with  all  acrity  and  Cheerfulness  to  hear  from  your  Self 
of  your  condition  and  Welfare.  God  Almighty  hath  been 
pleased  to  bless  me  with  a  very  good  wife  and  five  pledges  of  our 
conjugall  affection,  three  of  which  he  has  been  pleased  to  call 
into  the  Arms  of  his  Mercy,  and  lent  me  two,  a  hopefull  boy  and 
girle,  and  one  other  that  will  not  suffer  So  close  confinement  is 
preparing  to  come  into  the  world.  And  as  he  has  been  pleased 
to  dispense  these,  his  choicest  of  blessings  he  hath  likewise  added 
a  plentifull  Dispensation  of  his  favours  in  giving  me  a  competent 
subsistence  to  support  myself  and  them  comfortably  and  hand- 
somely. 

I  hear  that  he  has  been  bountifuU  in  his  favours  to  you,  for 
which  I  am  really  glad,  and  heartily  congratulate  you  therein. 

By  my  Sister  I  understand  our  poor  Mother  and  dear  Sister 
have  not  only  tasted  but  drank  a  large  draught  of  the  cup  of 
affliction  and  waded  through  abundance  of  calamitys  and  trouble, 
which  I  truly  condole,  &  do  think  it  both  our  duty  not  only  to 
commiserate,  but  as  far  as  our  ability  extended  not  to  suffer  one 
to  want,  who  gave  us  our  being,  nor  suffer  her  to  strugle  to  live 
who  (under  God)  gave  us  life  here.  Charity  directs  to  help 
those  in  want  and  distress,  but  Nature,  Duty,  the  Laws  of  God 


392  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

and  man  not  only  commands  but  enjoins  to  give  the  utmost  help 
to  a  distressed  Parent. 

Therefore  I  have  ordered  Mr.  Cooper  to  let  you  have  what 
money  you  have  occasion  for,  to  the  Assisting  them,  if  it  be  the 
utmost  farthing ;  &  if  it  should  not  be  enough  should  be  sorry  I 
had  no  more  there. — I  refer  to  your  discretion  how  much  to  take 
and  how  to  dispose  thereof. 

My  Mother's  age  will  not  admit  of  such  a  voyage  therefore  I 
hope  you  will  take  care  that  she  end  her  days  comfortably  in  her 
native  Soil.  But  for  my  Sister  if  she  cannot  otherwise  better 
herself,  I  should  be  heartily  glad  of  her  good  company,  with  an 
Assurance  she  shall  never  want  as  long  as  I  have  it  to  supply 
her.  And  if  her  inclination  be  to  come  I  would  desire  and  en- 
treat you,  that  she  come  out  handsomely  &  gentelely  &  well 
cloathed,  with  a  maid  to  wait  on  her  &  both  their  passage  paid 
there,  if  she  has  it  not  of  her  own,  out  of  my  money  in  Mr. 
Cooper's  hands,  if  so  muoh  can  be  spared  from  our  Mother,  and 
for  the  credit  of  it  let  her  pay  the  money  herself  before.  By 
Capt  Smith  who  will  not  be  long  before  he  goes,  &  a  third  time 
this  year  by  way  of  Liverpoole,  opportunity  will  admit  me  to 
write  you  &  shall  then  endeavor  to  put  in  anything  that  I  have 
now  omitted,  &  always  assure  you  I  am 

Most  Dear  Brother 

Your  Wff. 
To  Mr.  Henry  Fitzhugh. 


April  22nd,  1686. 
Dear  Sister: 

Your  two  Kind  and  endearing  letters  I  have  received  and 
heartily  congratulate.  The  afflictions  and  miseries  therein  men- 
tioned that  our  poor  dear  mother  &  yourself  have  gone  through, 
I  as  truly  condole,  as  the  one  gives  me  true  contentment  in  your 
health  and  lives,  so  the  other  gives  me  as  true  a  sence  of  sor- 
rows for  your  calamitys  &  afflictions,  which  God  in  his  good  time 
I  hope  will  alleviate  if  not  take  off.  I  thank  your  care  and  kind- 
ness in  your  large  and  particular  account  of  all  friends  and  rela- 
tions there.    I  have  taken  care  with  my  brother  according  to  my 


LETTERS   OF  WILLIAM   FITZHUGH.  393 

ability  to  assist  both  my  mother  and  you,  who  I  suppose  will  be 
so  kind  as  to  shew  his  letter,  &  in  assurance  of  that  will  save  me 
some  trouble  in  writin)^,  because  to  him  I  must  refer  you  for  a 
more  particular  relation.  Dear  Sister,  I  have  advised  him  to 
pursuade  you,  &  now  do  entreat  you  myself  to  come  in  here, 
(except  your  fortune  be  above  it)  which  your  letter  does  not  sig- 
nifie,  where  you  will  be  a  welcome  and  kind  guest,  both  to  me 
and  my  wife,  &  as  long  as  I  live  you  shall  be  assured  not  to  want. 
The  method  I  have  taken  for  your  coming  in  I  would  advise  you 
by  all  means  to  follow,  which  will  give  us  both  credit  &  reputa- 
tion, without  which  its  uncomfortable  living,  &  I  am  assured  my 
brother  will  both  assist  and  direct  you  in  it.  I  hope  the  money 
I  have  ordered  him  to  dispense  will  fully  pay  you  and  a  maid  to 
wait  on  you,  your  passage,  &  have  something  overplus  gentelely 
to  set  forth  your  self.  I  am  now  tired  w^  writing  &  business,  & 
do  intend  to  write  very  speedily  again,  therefore  shall  add  no 
further  now;  than  only  to  assure  I  am 

Dear  Sister  your  &c. 
To  Mrs.  Dorothy  Fitzhugh. 


April  22nd,  1686. 
Dear  Mother: 

My  Sister  gives  me  a  sad  account  of  your  continued  misfor- 
tunes &  afflictions  for  which  I  heartily  grieve,  &  am  really  sorry 
that  my  distance  will  not  admit  me  the  happiness  of  your  com- 
pany, to  comfort  you  in  your  afflictions,  &  that  my  ability  is  not 
as  great  as  my  desires  to  aid  and  assist  you,  you  must  accept 
my  letter  for  my  company,  &  I  have  taken  care  with  my  brother, 
to  draw  the  utmost  penny  that  I  have  in  England,  to  contribute 
to  your  &  my  Sister's  relief,  those  necessarys  that  was,  designed 
for,  I  had  rather  be  without  than  your  necessity's  should  con- 
tinue, as  far  as  my  ability  permit.  I  thank  God  I  live  very 
comfortably  with  a  good  wife  &  two  children  now  living,  five  I 
had  in  all  but  three  are  dead  &  my  wife  is  now  with  child. 

Praised  be  God  I  neither  live  in  poverty  nor  pomp,  but  in 
a  very  good  indifferency  &  to  a  full  content.  My  bro'ther  & 
Sister  will  more  fully  give  you  a  particular  relation  of  me  & 


394  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

my  concerns;  to  whom  I  refer.  God  Almighty  I  beseech  to 
take  off  those  afflictions  he  has  been  pleased  to  chasten  you  with, 
or  endue  you  w**  a  christian  patience  to  bear  them. 

I  have  at  present  only  to  add  to  crave  your,  blessing  &  con- 
tinual! prayers  for  Dear  Mother 

Your  dutifull  &c. 
To  Mrs.  Mary  Fitzhugh. 


April  22nd,  1686. 

Most  Kind  Cousin 

I  joyfully  received  your  kind  courteous  &  particular  letter, 
&  therein  receive  the  full  satisfaction  and  contentment  to  hear  of 
the  healths  &  welfare  of  all  friends  &  relations  therein  enume- 
rated, &  particularly  your  own  &  wife,  &  children,  which  I  pray 
God  continue  I  have  also  to  return  you  my  hearty  thanks  for 
you  courteous  trouble  in  communicating  my  letter,  to  the  several 
relations  in  your's  mentioned,  I  cant  say  Til  serve  you  in  the 
like  kind,  but  can  assure  you  in  anything  that  lyes  ip  my  power, 
shall  think  myself  happy  in  receiving  your  commands,  &  new 
intend  to  give  due  obedience  to  your  desires  in  my  particular  to 
let  you  know,  that  I  have  been  twelve  years  happy  in  a  good  wife 
&  still  continue  so,  &  God  Almighty  has  been  pleased  to  bless 
me  with  five  pledges  of  conjugal  affection,  three  boys  &  two 
girles,  the  eldest  girle  &  two  youngest  boy's,  I  hope  are  Saints 
in  heaven,  my  eldest  son  named  Will""  is  now  living  &  his  sister, 
&  I  hope  e'er  long  I  may  have  another,  to  add  to  the  number. 

I  have  this  year  particularly  written  to  my  Mother,  Brother, 
&  Sister,  therefore  shall  not  give  you  the  trouble  in  my  behalf  of 
saluting  them,  but  must  beg  the  favour  to  give  my  service  &  due 
respects  to  all  friends  &  relations  else,  and  more  particularly  to 
your  father  &  mother  &  my  aunt. 

My  wife  gives  her  due  respects  to  your  self,  &  your  wife,  &  I 
must  entreat  you  to  accept  of  the  same  from 

S'  Your  WfT. 

To  Mr.  William  Fitzhugh  Stationer  &c. 


LETTERS   OF   WILLIAM   FITZHUGH.  395 

April  22nd,  1686. 
Doctr.  Ralph  Smith 

In  order  to  the  Exchange  you  promised  to  make  for  me  & 
I  desire  you  to  proceed  therein,  to  say  to  Exchange  an  Estate 
of  Inheritance  in  land  there  of  two  or  three  hundred  pound  a 
year,  or  in  houses  in  any  town  of  three  or  four  hundred  pound  a 
year,  I  shall  be  something  particular  in  the  relation  of  my  con- 
cerns here  that  is  to  go  in  return  thereof  As  first  the  Plantation 
where  I  now  live  contains  a  thousand  acres,  at  least  700  acres  of 
it  being  rich  thi(!ket,  the  remainder  good  hearty  plantable  land, 
without  any  waste  either  by  marshes  or  great  swamps  the  com- 
modiousness,  conveniency  &  pleasantness  yourself  well  knows, 
upon  it  there  is  three  quarters  well  furnished  with  all  necessary 
houses;  grounds  and  fencing,  together  with  a  choice  crew  of 
negro's  at  each  plantation,  most  of  them  this  country  born,  the 
remainder  as  likely  as  most  in  Virginia,  there  being  twenty  nine 
in  all,  with  stocks  of  cattle  &  hogs  at  each  quarter,  upon  the 
same  land,  is  my  own  Dwelling  house  furnished  with  all  accomo- 
dations for  a  comfortable  &  gentile  living,  as  a  very  good  dwell- 
ing house  with  rooms  in  it,  four  of  the  best  of  them  hung  &  nine  of 
them  plentifully  furnished  will  all  things  necessary  &  convenient,  & 
all  houses  for  use  furnished  with  brick  chimneys,  four  good  Cellars, 
a  Dairy,  Dovecot,  Stable,  Barn,  Henhouse,  Kitchen  &  all  other 
conveniencys  &  all  in  a  manner  new,  a  large  Orchard,  of  about 
2500  Aple  trees  most  grafted,  well  fenced  with  a  Locust  fence, 
which  is  as  durable  as  most  brick  walls,  a  Garden,  a  hundred 
foot  square,  well  pailed  in,  a  Yeard  wherein  is  most  of  the  fore- 
said necessary  houses,  pallizado'd  in  with  locust  Punchens,  which 
is  as  good  as  if  it  were  walled  in  &  more  lasting  than  any  of  our 
bricks,  together  with  a  good  Stock  of  Cattle,  hogs,  horses,  mares, 
sheep,  &c.,  &  necessary  servants  belonging  to  it,  for  the  supply 
and  support  thereof.  About  a  mile  &  half  distance  a  good  water 
Grist  miln,  whose  tole  I  find  sufficient  to  find  my  own  family  with 
wheat  &  Indian  corn  for  our  necessitys  &  occasions  up  the 
River  in  this  county  three  tracts  of  land  more,  one  of  them  con- 
tains 21996  acres,  another  500  acres,  &  one  other  1000  acres,  all 
good  convenient  &  commodius  Seats,  &  w''^  in  few  years  will 
yield  a  considerable  annual  Income.     A  stock  of  Tob°  with  the 


^  I 


396  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL  MAGAZINE. 

crops  and  good  debts  lying  out  of  about  250000'^  besides  suffi- 
cient of  almost  all  sorts  of  goods,  to  supply  the  familys  &  the 
Quarter's  occasion  for  two  if  not  three  years.  Thus  I  have  given 
you  some  particulars,  which  I  thus  deduce  the  yearly  crops  of 
Corn  &  Tob°  together  with  the  surplusage  of  meat  more  than 
will  serve  the  family's  use,  will  amount  annually  to  60000"^  Tob* 
W"*  at  10  shilings  p  C°*  300  £  p  annum,  &  the  negroes  increase 
being  all  young  &  a  considerable  parcel  of  breeders  will  keep 
that  stock  good  for  ever.  The  stock  of  Tob**  managed  with  an 
inland  trade  will  yearly  yield  60000*^  Tob**  without  hazard  or  risque, 
which  will  be  both  clear  without  charge  of  house  keeping  or  dis- 
bursements for  servants  clothing.  The  Orchard  in  a  very  few 
years  will  yield  a  large  supply  to  plentifull  house  keeping  or  if 
better  husbanded  yield  at  least  loooo"*  Tob*  annual  income. 
What  I  have  not  particularly  mentioned  your  own  knowledge  in 
my  affairs  is  able  to  supply,  if  any  are  so  desirous  to  deal  for  the  es- 
tate without  the  stock  of  Tob**  I  shall  be  ready  &  willing,  but  I  will 
make  no  fractions  of  that,  either  all  or  none  at  all  shall  go.  I  have  so 
fully  discoursed  you  in  the  affair  that  I  shall  add  no  farther  in- 
structions but  leave  it  to  your  prudent  and  careful  management 
&  would  advise  that  if  any  Overtures  of  such  a  nature  should 
happen,  immediately  give  an  account  thereof  to  Mr.  Nicholas 
Hay  ward,  Notary  publick,  near  the  Exchange  London,  both  of 
the  person  treating,  &  the  places  Situation,  Quantity  &  quality 
of  the  Estate,  who  will  take  speedy  &  effectual  care  to  give  me 
a  full  &  ready  account  thereof,  which  I  hope  you  will  p  all  the 
opportunitys  do  to. 

S'  Your  Wff. 
To  Doctr.  Ralph  Smith  in  Bristol. 


April  22nd,  1686. 
Most  Worthy  Sir, 

I  must  confess  I  want  abilitys  to  polish  &  adorn  my  expres- 
sions with  that  Elegance  &  sweetness  of  stile  your  two  letters  I 
this  year  received  are  full  freighted  with,  yet  TU  endeavour  to 
supply  that  defect  with  a  true  sincerity  &  ardent  zeal  to  assure 
you  of  my  most  hearty  affection  &  real  propensity  which  your 
generous  worth  obliges  &  obliging  favours  binds  me  to,  &  shall 


LETTERS  OF  WILLIAM   FITZHUGH.  397 

be  always  ready  to  court  all  occasion  to  demonstrate  the  same. 
I  never  met  a  Disapointment  with  greater  chearfullness,  than 
when  I  was  informed  of  your  Purchase  of  the  seat  of  land  con- 
tiguous, for  my  intention  of  purchase  was  to  have  such  neighbours 
on  it  as  might  live  quietly  &  honestly,  the  contrary  of  which  are 
in  all  places  ill,  but  here  really  pernicious.  Your  Purchase  not 
only  takes  away  those  fears,  but  as  to  my  contentment  in  the 
assurance  of  so  generous  &  friendly  a  neighbourhood,  either  by 
a  Trustee  for  your  self,  or  by  some  near  &  dear  relation  to  your- 
self. 

What  service  I  can  do  you  either  in  the  settlement  or  farther 
confirmation  thereof,  if  your  kindness  will  please  to  communicate 
my  ready  obedience  shall  be  fully  shewn  in  a  speedy  [&  to  my 
skill]  full  complyance.  But  if  you  intend  for  sale  (which  I  hope 
not)  if  yon  will  be  pleased  to  give  me  the  Refusal,  I  will  give 
you  the  full  heighth  of  the  market,  because  the  Interposition  of 
an  unknown  Neighbour  so  near  may  be  vastly  prejudicial.  S% 
your  generous  &  kind  offer  of  more  vegetables  in  any  condition 
desired  either  in  seeds,  trees  slips  or  plants,  agrees  so  naturally 
with  my  constitution  &  the  melancholy  condition  of  this  country 
that  I  must  be  of  all  men  the  most  ungratefull  if  I  should  not 
meet  with  so  great  a  favour  from  so  good  a  friend,  with  all  the 
chearfulness  a  tongue  is  able  to  express,  or  heart  to  think,  &  should 
be  guilty  of  a  high  Ingratitude  (which  sin  next  to  the  sin  of 
Witchcraft  I  utterly  abominate)  if  I  should  particularly  impose 
farther  troubles,  till  I  have  retributed  your  past  favours  in  this 
kind,  by  a  due  acknowledgement  &  a  thorough  account  of  the 
Essays  therein  made  which  I  hope  are  now  upon  germination, 
and  by  the  next  I  hope  to  give  you  some  satisfactory  account 
thereof.  Your  uncle  Porteous  *  remote  habitation  &  my  retire- 
ment from  publick  concerns  (and  so  consequently  from  James- 
town') admits  me  not  at  present  that  desired  opportunity  of 
retalliating  your  kind  favours  in  the  nature  &  quality  desired, 


**'Your  Uncle  Porteus"  was  probably  Edward  Porteus  who  lived 
on  York  river  in  the  upper  end  of  Gloucester  county,  and  who,  in  1693, 
was  recommended  by  the  Governor  as  a  person  of  suitable  standing  and 
estate  to  be  appointed  to  the  Council,  and  who,  it  is  believed,  was 
grandfather  of  Bishop  Porteus  ;  or  it  was  Alexander  Porteus,  who  had 
a  grant  of  600  acres  at  Morottico  Creek  in  Lancaster  (part  now  Rich- 
mond) in  1656,  and  who  was  living  in  Lancaster  in  1658. 


398  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

yet  with  my  near  Neighbour  &  very  good  friend  your  brother 
Sam;  I  can  never  forget  your  desires  (being  so  correspondent 
with  my  own  inclinations)  in  commemoration  of  your  good 
healths  there  &  by  the  first  opportunity  shall  fully  answer  your 
acceptations  &  my  wishes.  S',  The  enclosed  is  a  copy  of  Direc- 
tions &  Instructions  to  Doct'  Ralph  Smith  an  ingenuous  gende- 
man  but  an  inveterate  Whig,  an  one  that  has  good  Credit  & 
Interest  in  Bristol  with  that  party  where  he  lives,  &  gives  me 
some  assurance  (By  the  beating  of  his  own  pulse)  which  he  says 
keef>s  even  stroke  with  the  rest  of  that  discontented  side  (of  its 
taking  its  desired  effect)  the  humour  of  that  party  being  to 
remove  &  Change  with  difficultys  &  hazards,  rather  than  live 
contentedly  &  submissively,  (Though  plentifully)  under  the 
established  Government  &  had  rather  rest  &*Cross  the  expressed 
letter  of  the  Scripture,  than  suffer  that  to  rest  their  Inclinations 
or  Cross  their  anabaptistical  humors.  The  latter  part  gives  you 
the  reason  that  I  sent  you  copy  thereof,  wherein  as  in  a  mirror,  you 
may  see  my  desires  are  now  to  breathe  my  native  air  &  to  enjoy 
the  fruition  of  my  native  of  Soil,  if  as  it  is  there  proposed  it 
could  be  done  with  reputation  &  credit,  as  also  my  true  Station 
and  Standing  here,  which  without  a  firm  Settlement  there  I 
am  resolved  not  to  leave.  If  Mr.  Smith  writes  you  any  thing 
relating  thereto,  I  beg  your  favour  in  the  examination  thereof,  or 
if  in  the  course  of  your  business,  you  could  meet  with  such  a 
discontented  party  you  will  be  pleased  in  my  behalf  to  propose  the 
Overture.  S',  The  enclosed  is  a  letter  to  my  brother  which  I 
beg  the  favour  of  yourself  to  deliver,  Mr.  Jno.  Cooper  I  presume 
will  bring  you  to  his  Company,  I  have  sent  it  purposely  open, 
that  you  both  see  and  know  the  contents.  And  I  hope  he  will 
(pursuant  thereunto)  heartily  acknowledge  and  truly  thank  you 
for  all  your  favours  and  kindnesses  expressed  and  manifested  to 
me,  and  for  this  last  trouble  in  particular  which  Til  assure  you 

shall  always  be  acknowledged  by 

S^  Your  WfT. 

To  Mr.  Nich"  Hayward,  Notary,  &c. 


April  22nd,  1686. 
Dearest  Brother: 

I  have  under  cover  of  Mr.  Nicholas  Hayward  my  highly 
honoured  &  most  esteemed  friend  seconded  in  the  same  ship  my 


LETTERS   OF  WILLIAM   FITZHUGH.  399 

first  under  cover  of  Mr.  John  Cooper  only  to  bring  you  into  his 
acquaintance,  &  to  beg  your  assistance  to  give  him  my  due 
acknowledgements  &  thanks  for  all  his  past  kindness  &  con- 
tinued favours  which  without  the  heighth  of  Ingratitude  I  cannot 
omit  the  acknowledgement.  I  have  been  so  large  &  so  particular 
in  my  first  I  have  now  little  to  add,  only  to  tell  you  that  neces- 
sity of  business  occasioned  me  to  give  a  more  near  &  perfect 
account  of  my  Station  here,  than  either  prudence  or  modesty 
would  admit  me  to  do  in  your's,  which  upon  your  request  I 
assure  myself  he  will  communicate  to  you  &  if  you  can  do  me 
any  kindness  therein  I  am  certain  you  will  contribute  your  help- 
ing hand,  for  effecting  thereof  for 

Your  WfT. 
To  Mr.  Henry  Fitzhugh,  in  London. 


April  y  26th,  1686 
Mr.  Thos.  Clayton* 

The  Trade  &  Dealing  that  I  have  had  with  Mr.  Greenhahgh 
this  year,  &  by  that  means  the  Converse,  Society  &  Acquaint- 
ance with  Mr.  Jno  Marshal  is  fully  able  &  I  suppose  will  readily 
inform  you-  &  whose  persuasions  and  advice  give  me  the  oppor- 
tunity &  you  the  trouble  of  this  present  Overture  for  a  quick, 
constant  &  certain  &  I  believe  advantageous  trade,  which  in  my 
apprehension  you  have  not  hitherto  hit  on.     The  offers  I  have 

* 
*  Thomas  Clayton  was  probably  of  the  family  of  Clayton  of  Fullwood, 
of  whom  there  is  the  following  short  pedigree  in  "Gregsons  Frag- 
ments: " 

Robt  Clayton  of  Fulwood,  near=Eleanor,   dau    of  John  Atherton 
Preston,  Co  Lancr.obt.  Sep.  1664,      by  his  wife   Eleanor,   dau.  of  Sir 


aged  37,  buried  at  St  Nicholas. 


Thomas  Ireland,  Knt. 


Will :  Clayton  Esq=Elizabeth,  dau.  of 
of  Fulwood.  Mayor  of  Liver-      Geo.  Leigh,  of  Ought 
pool,  M.    P.   from    1698    to      erington,  d.  1745. 
1702,  and   1713  &    1714;  ob. 
1715;  buried  at  St  Nicholas. 
[In    1703  he   petitioned   the 
government  as  a  Merchant, 
trading  to  Md.  and  Virginia.] 

Four  Daughters. 


400  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

to  make  are  but  of  two  sorts.  The  first  for  a  quick  &  speedy 
Dutch  Trade.  The  second  for  a  quick  &  sudden  Trade  &  Dis- 
patch here,  &  a  ready  &  full  complyance  to  your  whole  ship  & 
cargoe  &c.  As  to  the  first  which  is  the  Dutch  Trade,  to  have  a 
ship  of  200  Hhds  burden  here  the  beginning  of  October,  &  to 
have  her  whole  Loading  ready  by  the  15th  &  on  board  by  the 
25th  of  the  same  month,  that  she  might  be  dispatched  out  hence 
by  the  27th  at  farthest,  &  by  that  means  have  first  choice  of  the 
crops  here,  &  the  first  &  best  of  the  Dutch  market  there.  In 
which  Design  I  myself  would  go  a  quarter,  or  rather  than  fail  a 
third  part,  &  engage  to  have  my  whole  loading  ready  by  the 
loth  of  October  at  farthest,  but  doubt  your  own  remoteness  & 
the  Indexterity  of  most  of  your  Factors  in  the  course  of  trading 
you  are  now  in,  will  not  admit  so  ready  a  complyance,  that  con- 
cern requires  to  be  profitably  carried  on,  shall  be  no  more  par- 
ticular therein,  but  refer  you  to  Mr.  Marshal  for  a  more  ample 
account  thereof.  As  to  the  second  for  a  quick  and  sudden  dispatch 
&c.  1  have  this  to  offer  that  at  16.  8d  p.  cent  I  will  engage  to  load 
a  ship  of  200  hhds.  After  this  manner  that 'is,  let  her  arrive  any 
time  by  the  loth  November,  immediately  upon  her  arrival  after 
the  loth  November  aforesaid,  I  will  give  her  notes  for  one  third 
of  her  Loading,  as  soon  as  ever  she  has  dispatched  those  notes 
&  got  the  Tob"  on  board,  I  will  then  give  her  Notes  for  one 
third  more  of  her  Loading,  &  when  she  has  dispatched  them,  I 
will  then  give  her  Notes  for  the  remaining  part  of  her  full  Load- 
ing, which  begining  the  loth  Nov',  may  be  easily  perfected  & 
performed  by  the  28th  of  the  same  month,  &  she  ready  to  sail 
by  the  last  of  the  same  month  or  begining  of  December  at 
farthest.  Provided  the  master  be  a  Diligent,  Industrious  man  such 
a  one  as  I  can  assure  you  Mr.  Marshal  is.  And  whatever  stay 
she  makes  for  want  of  my  Notes  aforesaid  I  will  be  bound  to  pay 
damage  money  p.  day  to  the  full  of  the  ships  charge.  The  con- 
veniency  of  Tob**  &  readiness  of  getting  it  on  board,  Mr.  Marshal 
can  pretty  well  inform  you  &  I  must  also  tell  you,  that  near  one 
half  thereof  must  come  off  my  own  Plantation,  near  a  third  more 
at  one  particular  Rowling  house  or  landing,  and  the  whole  re- 
mainder not  above  twenty  miles  distance  which  in  this  country 
is  a  very  inconsiderable  matter.  The  200  hhds.  at  460  p  hhd. 
which  will  certainly  be  the  smallest  weights  of  forward  tob**  will 


LETTERS   OF  WILLIAM    FITZHUGH.  401 

amount  to  92000  lb.  Tob**  which  at  16.  8d.  p  cent  comes  to  ;^776. 
13.  4  half  of  which  money  I  would  deposited  in  such  hands  as  I 
shall  appoint  and  the  other  half  in  goods  salable  for  this  country 
cargoe,  the  money  there  deposited,  I  covet  not  the  disposal  of,  nor 
the  goods  hither  sent  the  possession  of,  till  I  have  first  answered  my 
contract  p  the  Delivery  of  Notes  for  good  Tob**.  Thus  I  have 
shortly  touched  at  the  Trade  proposed,  &  if  you  doubt  in  any- 
thing I  refer  you  to  Mr.  Marshal  with  whom,  with  whom  I 
have  more  amply  discoursed  thereof,  &  who  is  fully  able  to 
inform  you  of  my  capacity  &  ability  for  performance,  &  the 
conveniency  that  will  be  in  it.  By  this  way  of  Trade  your  ship 
has  no  stay  your  men  a  full  employment  your  goods  a  certain 
Sale,  your  Ship  a  certain  Loading,  yourselves  but  one  half  of  the 
risque  by  reason  one  half  the  money  is  left  in  Engl*.  No  fear  of 
bad  or  slow  Debts,  no  doubtfull,  careless  or  giddy  Factors  to 
overthrow  the  voyage  &  reckoning  the  charge  of  the  Ships  stay 
upon  the  course  of  Trade  you  are  now  in  &  the  bad  debts  left 
the  same  quantity  of  Tob"*  must  needs  stand  you  in  a  great  deal 
more  money,  with  all  the  hazards  &  disadvantages  aforesaid. 
What  is  before  said  for  the  forward  Ships  arrival  &  dispatch  in 
November,  I  have  the  same  to  propose  in  the  same  circumstances, 
&  under  the  same  conditions  for  the  said  ships  or  some  other  of  the 
same  burden  arriving  here,  by  the  loth  of  february,  which  may 
likewise  be  as  suddenly  dispatched,  but  the  weights  of  the  hh^ 
round  cannot  be  expected  so  great  as  the  first  ships,  yet  may,  & 
I  believe  will  hold  out  420  p  hh*"  which  will  amount  to  84,ocx)  lb 
Tob**  at  16  8*  p  cent  is  700;^  which  money  I  would  have  likewise 
ordered  as  the  former,  half  there  deposited  &  half  in  sortable 
goods  as  before,  which  latter  Ship  will  be  dispatch' d  before  most 
if  not  all  your  Ships  that  come  hither  under  the  course  of  Trade 
you  are  now  in.  By  this  means  one  ship  will  readily  &  easily 
perform  two  voyages  in  one  year,  the  Seamen  Kept  in  full  em- 
ployment &  consequently  deserve  their  wages,  the  Master  busily 
&  constantly  employed  &  the  Ship  according  to  the  intent  of  her 
building  in  a  continual  Run,  and  as  above  all  things  in  certainty 
and  what  loytering  time  is  made  (provided  the  master  be  dili- 
gent and  dextrous)  at  my  charge  which  I  believe  well  weighed 
and  considered,  will  deliver  Tob"*  in  Engl*  at  cheaper  rates  than 
it  is  now  purchased  by  those  that  make  the  cheapest  Purchases.    If 


402  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL    MAGAZINE. 

this  method  and  proposal  be  acceptable  then  care  must  be  taken 
to  give  me  for  the  first  year  timely  and  speedy  notice  either  p 
the  last  Sept'  or  begining  of  October  at  farthest  of  the  acceptance 
and  continuance  for  at  least  three  years,  provided  we  live  so  lon^, 
but  mortality  must  separate,  because  the  contract  is  personal. 
Now  the  Directions  that  I  have  to  propose  for  your  methods  to 
take  therein  to  give  Mr.  Nich'  Hay  ward  Notary  publick  near  the 
Exchange  London,  notice  thereof  who  will  give  me  a  speedy 
and  sudden  account  of  it,  also  to  pay  the  money  for  the  first  and 
seconded  ship  into  his  hands,  or  else  to  take  such  care  that  shall 
be  to  his  satifaction  for  the  payment  thereof,  together  with  such 
caution  for  the  same  as  he  shall  approve  after  notice  of  the  same 
from  him,  I  shall  be  ready  then  to  make  my  full  complyance  in 
Tob**  as  aforesaid.  And  for  the  goods  sort  them,  as  if  you  were 
to  send  a  cargo  to  purchase  your  Loading  here  (with  this  caution 
that  it  well  bought  and  with  ready  money)  which  is  this  way  ad- 
vantageous that  in  case  of  my  mortality,  it  may  suitably  fit  you 
towards  your  Loading,  according  to  your  present  course  of 
Trading  and  will  most  properly  suit  me  for  my  Second  Ships 
Loading  and  such  suitable  goods  in  your  second  Ship  will 
suitably  prepare  me  for  my  Summer's  market,  and  your  next 
forward  Ships  punctual  and  ready  complyance.  To  Mr.  Nicholas 
Hay  ward,  I  refer  the  security  and  receiving  the  money  payable  in 
England  as  aforesaid,  and  therefore  expect  the  application  and 
complyance  first  to  be  made  to  him,  who  will  by  the  first  oppor- 
tunity and  timely  enough  give  me  notice  thereof  to  make 
preperation  accordingly  for  that  reason  do  expect  to  receive  my 
first  letters  from  you  Subcover  of  his,  &  upon  reception  of  them 
shall  take  care  to  be  provided  pursuant  thereunto.  And  whereas 
I  have  set  the  sum  of  money  according  to  the  weights  of  Tob*  I 
guess  at,  if  the  weights  of  the  hh^  fall  short  bulking  may  make 
up  the  complement,  or  if  it  overdoes  your  matters  orders  must 
be  large  enough  to  make  an  allowance.  Also  as  to  the  set 
times  of  loth  November  &  loth  february  for  the  giving  the  first 
Notes  I  have  set  them  down  because  of  certainty  and  as  bounda- 
ries to  the  proceeding's,  but  if  the  Ship  arrives  before  either 
of  the  times  immediately  upon  her  arrival  she  may  Keep  doing 
&  if  I  have  sufficient  Tob°  ready  by  me  she  may  get  her  Des- 
patch, but  if  for  want  of  Seasons  or  Receipts,  I  should  not  have 


LETTERS   OF  WILLIAM   FITZHUGH.  403 

Tob"*  to  make  complyance,  I  may  then  have  as  much  time  given 
me  afterwards,  before  I  pay  damage  money  as  I  gave  them  em- 
ployment by  my  notes,  before  the  prefixed  time  aforesaid.  Also 
if  the  ship  by  contrary  winds  or  bad  weather  stay  longer  before 
her  Arrival  than  the  times  prefixed,  I  do  not  expect  that  exact- 
ness, of  three  times  for  the  Delivery  of  Notes,  but  they  may 
have  Notes  for  the  whole  or  the  half  according  to  the  time  of 
their  stay  immediately  upon  her  Arrival.  Now  my  intentions 
being  to  make  a  full  complyance  of  400  hh**'  at  the  time  &  under 
the  penalty's  in  the  manner  &  method  beforementioned  for  the 
money  &  goods  there  expressed,  if  I  have  been  defective  in  any- 
thing that  may  relate  to  your  Interest  provided  the  main  Inten- 
tion be  kept  good  upon  notice  thereof,  I  shall  be  ready  to  supply 
that  defect,  or  if  I  have  been  deficient  in  any  particular  relating 
to  my  own  Interest,  the  main  being  Kept  whole,  I  expect  the 
same  measure,  for  every  particular  perhaps  may  not  occur  to  my 
memory,  in  a  bargain  of  this  weight  &  nature,  but  in  the  general 
if  you  approve  I  will  make  a  full  &  sure  complyance  which  is 
the  needfuU  at  present  from 

Worthy  Gent.-Your  Wff. 

To  Mr.  Thos.  Clayton  &  Doctr.  Silvester  Richmond 

Merchts.  in  Liverpool. 


April  29th,  1689. 
Doer  Ralph  Smith 

At  your  request  I  have  given  you  copy  of  this  my  Propo- 
sal of  Trade  to  Mr.  Clayton  &  Mr.  Richmond  of  Liverpool  if 
you  find  merchants  or  other  of  your  acquaintance  in  Bristol  that 
are  desirous  to  lay  hold  thereof,  for  the  time  therein  mentioned, 
for  three  years  at  least,  upon  the  terms  &  under  the  conditions 
&  circumstances  therein  specified  you  must  advise  and  direct 
them  to  give  speedy  &  sudden  notice  thereof  to  Mr.  Nicholas 
Hayward  Notary  publick  near  the  Exchange  London,  as  also 
that  they  take  such  satisfactory  care  to  make  according  to  the 
methods  proposed,  full  complyance  &  satisfaction  to  him  &  if 
before  their  offer  Clayton  &  Richmond  have  not  proceeded 
therein,  they  then  may  have  the  opportunity  of  the  offer,  &  con- 


404  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL    MAGAZINE. 

veniency  of  first  complyance  &  assuredly  a  full  return  according 

to  the  methods  &  pursuant  to  the  Agreement  therein  mentioned. 

Thus  Sir  att  your  request  I  have  made  the  more  general,  but  if 

it  be  any  way  serviceable,  the  end  is  answered  of 

Sir  your  Wff. 
To  Doct'  Ralph  Smith,  in  Bristol. 


Mayday  1686. 
Capt.  Robt.  Norman* 

I  have  at  your  request  given  you  copy  of  this  my  Proposal 
of  Trade  to  Mr.  Clayton  &  Richmond  of  Liverpool,  &  if  you 
think  that  you,  together  with  your  friends  &  Employers  may 
approve  &  accept  thereof  I  will  readily  condesend,  &  agree 
thereto,  provided  you  give  speedy  &  timely  notice  to  Mr.  Hay- 
ward  as  therein  is  directed,  &•  take  care  in  the  performance  of 
the  proposal  &  agreements  therein  mentioned.  And  whereas  I 
direct  them  to  Mr.  Marshal  for  an  account  of  me,  my  concerns 
and  abilitys  for  performance  of  my  past  I  must  your  friends  and 
employers  to  your  own  knowledge  for  an  account  of  my  stand- 
ing and  capacity,  to  undertake  and  go  through  with  that  affair. 
And  do  also  further  direct  and  advise  that  if  you  and  your 
friends  accept  thereof,  that  if  it  be  possible,  you  be  in  this  first 
time  by  the  beginning  of  October,  though  it  be  a  small  matter 
more  chargeable,  for  the  reasons  I  more  fully  rendered  you  when 
were  together  &c,  I  haveing  so  fully  discours'd  you  in  this  afifair 
need  add  no  farther  than  to  assure  you  all  things  here  on  my 
part  shall  be  punctually  and  fully  performed  by 

Your  Wff. 
To  Capt.  Rob't.  Norman  &c. 


May  6th,  1686. 
Dearest  Brother 

The  above  is  Duplicate  of  my  former  p  way  of  Bristol  dated 
April  22d.     What  I  have  more  to  add  now  is  to  tell  you,  that 


*'Captain  Robert  Norman,  spoken  of  in  another  place  as  of  Belfast, 
Ireland.  Perhaps  he  was  the  Robert  Norman  of  Middlesex  county,  Vir- 
ginia, whose  will  (dated  February  i709-*io,  proved  March  i709-'io) 
bequeaths  his  property  to  his  wife,  son,  Thomas  Norman  and  brother 
Moi^es  Norman. 


LETTERS   OF  WftLIAM    FITZHUGH:  405 

there  will  be  ;^20  in  Mr.  Cooper's  hands  left  to  your  discretion 
to  supply  Mother's  present  wants,  and  to  help  fit  out  for  my 
Sister  for  her  voyage  hither,  or  if  she  will  not  come  to  assist  her 
in  her  necessitys  there,  and  to  tell  you  that's  all  the  money  I 
have  in  England  or  can  at  present  command  there,  please  to  tell 
them  it  is  not  so  much  as  my  desires,  are  to  contribute  to  their 
relief,  but  the  whole  of  what  I  can  at  present  spare.  Also  I 
would  desire  you  to  shew  them  this  letter,  which  will  give  satis- 
faction in  what  I  have  omitted  writing  them  and  save  me  the 
trouble  of  being  more  particular  as  in  theirs.  I  have  nothing 
that  I  have  further  to  add,  save  the  full  assurance  that  1  am 

Your  Wff. 
To  Mr.  Henry  Fitzhugh,  &c. 


May  6th  i686 
Dear  Sister 

The  above  is  a  copy  of  my  former  sent  by  way  of  Bristol 
22d  of  April,  I  have  been  so  large  with  my  brother,  and  entreated 
him  to  shew  you  my  letter,  which  I  am  confident  he  will,  that  I 
need  not  be  more  particular,  than  only  to  tell  you  that  I  have 
ordered  him  about  ;^20  to  be  disposed  to  my  mother's  and  your 
use,  which  is  all  the  money  I  have  in  England  and  would  desire 
you  that  if  you  intend  in  hither,  as  I  hope  and  wish  you  will  that 
you  would  prepare  to  come  away  in  the  very  first  ships  that 
comes  into  this  River,  by  which  means  you  may  promise  to  your- 
self a  prosperous  and  quick  passage,  and  make  me  the  sooner  happy 
in  the  enjoyment  of  your  good  company.  Mr.  Nicholas  Hay- 
ward  near  the  Exchange  London,  and  Mr.  Jno.  Cooper  will 
direct  you  to  a  good  ship  and  a  civil  mater,  if  you  apply  yourself 
to  them,  they  being  my  very  good  friends. 

And  Mr.  Hayward  will  also  take  effectual  care  to  send  your 
letter  to  me,  if  you  deliver  them  to  him,  with  all  speed  and 
expedition  and  sooner  and  safer  than  you  can  possibly  yourself, 
therefore  would  have  you  deliver  what  letters  you  send  me  to 
him.  Pray  convey  the  inclosed  away  to  my  Mother  with  all  expe- 
dition, and  present  my  duty  to  her,  and  true  love  and  respects  to 
all  friends  else  there  so  helping  both  to  hear  from  you  and  see 
you  too,  by  the  first  Ships  next  year. 


406  VIRGINIA    HISTORfCAL    MAGAZINE. 

I  have  now  no  more  to  tell  you,  but  to  g^ive  you  this  Assurance 
you  shall  always  find  me 


Dear  Sister  Your  Wff. 


To  Mrs.  Dorothy  Fitzhugh 


May  6th,  1686. 
Mr.  Nicholas  Hay  ward 

Sr.  The  above  is  Duplicate  of  my  former  p  way  of  Bristol, 
dated  April  22nd,  1686.  This  comes  p  Capt.  Smith,  but  do  not 
think  it  needfull  to  send  Duplicate  of  the  Inclosed  Inst|:uctions 
in  that  to  Doctr.  Smith  about  the  Exchange  therein  mentioned, 
because  if  that  should  miscarry  Doctr.  Smith  who  is  in  the  same 
bottom  cannot  be  safe  &  consequently  incapaciated  to  carry  it 
on,  but  if  it  should  come  safe  to  your  hands,  I  am  well  assured 
of  your  kindness.  The  inclosed  being  copy  of  a  letter  to  Mr. 
Clayton  &  Doctr.  Richmond  of  Liverpool,  about  trade  speaks  its 
own  business  and  your  friendship  and  kindness  largely  expressed 
and  as  largely  manifested,  emboldens  me  to  add  this  trouble  to 
your  former,  entreating  you  to  secure  the  money  therein  men- 
tioned for  me  if  they  accept  the  proposal  and  to  give  me  timely 
and  speedy  notice  thereof  by  the  first  Ships,  and  if  Ships  should 
not  come  time  into  our  River,  by  directing  letters  for  me  to  be 
left  at  Mr.  Jno.  Buckner's*  clerk  of  Gloucester  county  in  York 
River,  or  to  Coir  William  Diggs  in  St.  Mary's  in  Maryland,  who 
will  give  them  a  quick  conveyance  to  my  hand  and  are  so  con- 
veniently seated  that  letters  coming  into  any  part  of  Virginia  or 
Maryland  will  suddenly  fall  into  their  hands,  or  if  you  know  any 
merchants  in  London,  will  accept  of  the  terms,  I  will  assuredly 


*  Mr.  John  Buckner  patented  1,000  acres  of  land  in  Gloucester  in  1669, 
and  was  himself  one  of  the  headrights.  He  appears  from  various  county 
records  to  have  been  a  merchant  in  extensive  business,  and  appears 
frequently  as  attorney  (in  fact)  for  English  merchants.  He  brought  the 
first  printing  press  and  printer  to  the  Colony,  and,  in  1682,  having 
printed  the  laws  of  the  preceding  Assembly,  he  was  ordered  by  the 
Governor  and  Council  to  give  (together  with  his  printer)  bond  not  to 
print  anything  more  until  the  royal  wishes  on  the  subject  had  been 
consulted.  The  printer  was  named  Roughead,  and  appears  to  have 
lived  afterwards  in  Maryland. 


LETTERS  OF  WILLIAM   FITZHUGH.  407 

make  complyance,  or  if  you  or  they  doubt  of  my  abilitys  for  per- 
formance, Cap^  Thos.  Smith  or  his  mate  Burnham  are  able  to  give 
satisfaction  therein.  S'  I  have  already  shewed  it  to  two  Traders 
here,  Mr.  Ralph  Smith  of  Bristol  and  Cap*  Robert  Norman  of  Bel- 
fast in  Ireland,  who  desired  copys  thereof,  and  am  verily  perswaded 
their  owners  and  employers  will  comply  therewith,  which  copys 
I  gave  them  and  particular  letters  (the  copys  whereof  I  have  here 
enclosed  sent  you)  to  give  a  relation  to  them  although  the  origi- 
nal Desigo  was  to  Clayton  and  Richmond.  S'  if  either  Clayton 
or  Richmond  or  any  of  the  above  mentioned  agree  to  it,  or  any 
merchant  in  London,  will  accept  thereof,  I  wholly  refer  myself  to 
you  for  the  securing  the  money,  out  of  which  I  desire  you  to 
reimburse  yourself,  for  your  care,  charge  and  trouble  or  if  the 
Trade  does  not  take,  I  shall  take  effectual  care  to  reimburse  your 
charge  and  make  you  full  satisfaction  for  your  trouble,  I  must 
likewise  thankfully  acknowledge  it  as  a  farther  Addition  to  your 

accumulated  favours  done  to 

S'  Your  WfT. 
To  Mr.  Nich'  Hay  ward. 

May  6th,  1686. 
Mr.  Jno  Cooper 

Sr.  The  above  is  a  copy  of  my  former  p  via  Bristol  bearing 
date  22nd  April  last  and  do  intend  this  p  Capt.  Smith,  if  he  be 
not  gone  before  I  get  it  down  to  him.  In  my  former  I  sent  you 
bills  of  exchange  and  in  this  send  you  the  second  bills,  and  do 
think  they  are  so  good  they  will  be  punctually  paid,  I  have  like- 
wise advised  in  my  former  letter,  to  deliver  to  my  brother  what 
money  of  mine  he  called  for  without  limitation,  I  likewise  in  my 
former  acquainted  you  that  I  thought  I  would  consign  you  some 
Tob^  but  Smith  going  away  so  suddenly  hinders  that  Design  though 
now  I  have  the  Tob*^  lying  ready  by  me,  and  doubt  its  too  late  to 
get  freight  in  any  other  Londoner  for  the  same,  also  more  bills  I 
have  to  send  but  cannot  get  them  time  enough  to  send  by  this 
conveniency,  but  by  next  which  will  be  by  way  of  Liverpool, 
you  may  expect  another  letter,  with  other  bills  of  Exchange  in- 
closed therein.  It  not  being  long  before  they  will  sail,  I  have 
now  no  farther  to  add  than  to  assure  you  I  am 

S'  Your  Wff. 
To  Mr.  Jno.  Cooper  Merch*  in  London. 


408  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL  MAGAZINE. 

May  20tb,  1686. 
Mr.  Nicholas  Hayward 

I  have  been  so  often  troublesome  to  you  this  year,  and  per- 
haps impertinently  too,  about  my  proposed  Exchangfe,  and  my 
offers  of  Trade,  of  both  of  which  I  hope  you  have  already,  and 
will  by  this  receive  Duplicates.  This  comes  to  return  you  my 
cordial  thanks  for  your  Almanack,  and  which  is  of  greater  mo- 
ment a  continued  assurance  of  your  constant  friendship  and  kind- 
ness, intimated  in  your  brother  Sam's  letter,  which  I  as  joyfully 
please  myself  with,  as  the  most  miserly  Usurer  in  the  enjoyment 
of  his  full  bags,  and  with  the  same  propensity  shall  endeavour 
the  continuance,  as  he  does  his  adored  golden  Mammon.  Also 
in  the  said  letter,  you  seem  to  have  an  inclination  of  disposing 
your  new  purchase  in  my  Neighbourhood,  to  some  french  Hugo- 
nots.  If  your  Intentions  therein  be  as  well  led  by  charity  to  help 
the  distressed,  as  p  advantage  to  make  profit  of  your  Purchase, 
I  believe  it  may  lay  in  my  power  to  answer  both  or  either  of 
them  for  if  you  are  designed  for  sale,  if  you  please  to  give  me 
the  offer,  and  to  set  your  lowest  price,  I  will  accept,  and  make 
you  punctual  and  good  payment  either  in  money  or  Tob*.  And 
for  the  french  Protestants,  I  have  convenient  and  good  Land 
enough  seat  150  or  200  familys  upon  one  Dividend  w*"^  contains 
21996  Acres,  which  I  will  either  sell  them  in  fee  at  £;].  sterling 
for  every  hundred  acres,  or  else  lease  it  to  them  for  three  lives, 
paying  20  shillings  p  annum  for  every  hundred  acres  and  they 
may  have  the  liberty  of  renewing  one  two  or  three  lives  at  any 
time  paying  for  each  life  to  be  renewed  one  years  Rent,  without 
demanding  any  fine  or  other  consideration  for  their  first  purchase 
and  will  engage  to  find  them  with  and  meat  for  the  first  year, 
meat  at  2-6  p  hundred  and  corn  at  2-6  p  bushel  for  as  many 
soever  as  comes  in  if  it  be  three  or  four  hundred  people  and 
all  other  necessarys  for  their  money  at  the  Country  Market 
price.  The  Land  I  offer  to  Sell  or  lease  is  suituate  in  this  coun- 
try lyes  within  a  mile  and  half  of  Potomack  River,  and  of  two 
bold  navigable  creek's  is  principal  good  Land,  and  is  more  pro- 
per for  frenchmen,  because  more  naturally  inclined  to  vines  than 
yours  or  any  about  our  Neighborhood  and  will  engage  to  natur- 
alize every  soul  of  them  at  ;^3  p  head,  without  any  more  or  other 


LETTERS   OF  WILLIAM   FITZHUGH.  409 

matter  of  charge  or  trouble  to  them,  whereby  the  heirs  will  be 
capacitated  to  inherit  the  father's  purchase.  S'  I  am  more 
affraid  of  falling  upon  Scylla  to  avoid  Charybdis,  that  is,  of  one 
sea,  if  I  should  endeavour  to  he  perspicuous,  I  should  be  too 
impertinent  and  troublesome,  and  if  I  should  be  very  short  I 
doubt  obscurity,  therefore  TU  rather  venture  a  breach  of  good 
manners  and  a  tresspass  upon  your  patience  (which  your  repeated 
letter  manifests  to  be  soon  tired)  by  repetitions  rather  than  hazard 
an  obscurity  in  my  propositions  and  intentions,  for  whereas  I 
have  said  if  so  many  familys  comes,  my  meaning  is,  let  few  or 
many  familys  come,  not  exceeding  that  number,  I  am  provided, 
and  will  certainly  seat  them  and  provide  for  them  upon  the  con- 
ditions expressed.  And  if  I  lease  for  three  lives,  my  meaning 
is  they  shall  pay  no  fine  or  Purchase,  but  only  their  annual  Rent, 
also  one  man  may  have  2.  3.  4  or  500  acres  or  as  many  hundred 
as  he  pleases,  paying  for  each  hundred  20  sh.  annually  and  re- 
newing I.  2  or  3  lives  at  any  time  for  the  full  of  the  yearly  rent. 
S*^  If  these  offers  be  acceptable  or  pleasing  to  the  french- 
men or  any  other  of  your  friends  it  will  be  double  advanta- 
geous to  me,  first  by  meeting  an  opportunity  to  serve  you 
through  your  friends,  and  secondly,  by  profitably  either  selling 
or  tenanting  my  Land,  which  till  so  done,  is  rather  a  Charge  than 
profit.  S'  What  I  have  farther  to  add  about  the  proposal  of 
Trade  is,  that  I  do  not  desire  to  have  the  money,  till  they  have 
an  assurance  of  the  receipts  of  their  Tob°  provided  you  shall 
have  such  security,  as  you  shall  like  for  the  payment  then  also  to 
acquaint  you  that  if  more  than  one  should  accept  of  the  offer,  I 
am  ready  and  in  a  capacity,  to  comply  with  two  Ships  forward 
and  latter,  that  is  for  eight  hundred  hh^  in  the  whole,  not  doubt- 
ing but  to  have  pretty  near  that  quantity  out  of  my  own  stock, 
and  to  advise  to  accept  of  the  first  if  you  find  them  fully  respon- 
sible. S^  The  reason  of  the  repetition  of  this  offer  of  Exchange 
contrary  to  my  intentions  as  intimated  in  my  is  occasioned,  be- 
cause of  our  continual  news  hither  is  of  higher  and  greater  dis- 
satisfaction, amongst'that  discontenetd  Whiggish  Party,  and  being 
something  acquainted  with  the  disposition  of  the  men,  by  the 
knowledge  of  two  I  have  met  with,  that  parted  with  such  estates 
as  in  mine  mentioned,  merely  upon  Discontents,  and  were  bound 
for  Pennsylvania,  who  heartily  wished  they  had  had  intimation 


410  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

and  assurance  of  such  a  change  as  I  proposed,  for  they  are 
now  throughly  sensible,  all  their  money  for  their  Sale,  and 
as  much  again,  cannot  settle  them  in  this  condition,  as  I 
have  offered  to  estate  any  one  in  besides,  the  hardships  and 
hazards,  they  must  necessarily  go  through,  that  begin  a  new 
settlement,  and  the  losses  and  troubles  they  must  sustain 
before  its  brought  to  any  maturity  or  perfection.  S'  in 
your  two  former  I  have  desired  your  assistance,  if  in  the 
course  of  your  business  you  should  meet  with  such  an  op- 
portunity which  the  criticalness  of  these  times  gives  me  no 
occasion  to  despair  of  &  your  universal  acquaintance  gained 
by  your  skillful  and  active  Dexterity  in  your  publick  con- 
cerns unites  my  wishes  in  some  hope  of  success  (the  relations  of 
those  two  Pennsylvanians  I  before  mentioned  assuring  me  divers 
were  offering  to  sale  &  preparing  for  a  Remove)  which  if  it 
should  happen  would  not  only  bring  with  it,  that  great  satisfac- 
tion of  enjoying  my  native  country  comforts  &  engagements, 
but  a  large  opportunity  to  retalliate  you  many  signal  favours, 
which  this  Distance  will  allow  me  only  the  liberty  of  a  gratefull 
and  thankfull  acknowledgment.  S'  If  understanding  a  mans  self 
when  present,  to  have  been  too  troublesome,  causes  a  sudden  call 
of  the  spirits  from  the  heart  to  the  face,  by  its  blushing  shews  a 
sence  of  its  guilt,  the  same  thing  though  absent,  this  abrupt  con- 
clusion will  shew  you  has  possessed. 

S'  Your  Wff. 
To  Mr.  Nich"  Hayward. 

P.  S. — ^Just  as  I  am  writing  comes  the  commission  of  the  Peace 
for  our  county,  wherein  I  find  your  Brother  Sam  a  Quorum  Jus- 
tice therein  according  to  his  worth  &  deserts,  but  with  an  assur- 
ance of  his  clerk's  ofiice. 


(to  be  continued.) 


FITZHUGH    FAMILY   IN   ENGLAND. 


411 


Fitzhugh  Families  in  Bedfordshire,  Oxfordshire  and 

Buckinghamshire. 


As  the  letters  in  this  number  of  the  Magazine  refer  to  so  many  of  Wm. 
Fitzhugh 's  relations  in  England,  this  will  be  a  proper  place  to  give 
some  account  of  the  various  families,  or  branches  of  the  family  in  the 
counties  named.  In  the  visitation  of  Bedfordshire,  1566,  is  the  follow- 
ing pedigree : 

William  Fitzhughe=Katherine,  dau : 


of  Walden,  Com.  Bedf : 
3d  son. 


of 


Com :  Hertf ; 


Bill,  of  Ash  well 


(I)  William.     (4)  John. 


(2)  Thomas^.  (5)  Robert,  of   Fitzhugh, 
s.p.  young.     Wavenden        ofWildon, 

Com.     Buck-    3d  son. 

ingham,  vide 

ideffi. 


Nicholas=Grace,    dau.  Mary=Tho. 


of  Richd. 
Stokes  of 
White  Note- 
ley  in  Essex 


(3)  John 


(2)  William        Christopher      Elizabeth 

mar.  to  • 


Nokes  of 
Ashwell  in 
Hartfordsh  : 
[or  *•  Hat- 
field Bro- 
dick in  Es- 
sex "] 


Visitation  of  Buckingham  1634: 


Robert  Fitzhugh  of=Eliza:  dau.  of  Richd. 
Wanden  (Wavenden)  '    Busy  of  Tuddington 


Co.  Buck.  5th  son  of 
Wm.  Fitzhugh  of  Wyl- 
den  in  Co.  Buck. 
[Bed.]  gent. 


in  Co.  Bedf.  gent. 


Francis    William  died      Anne 
2d  son      young  s.  p. 


Mary 


In  each  of  the  preceding:  pedigrees  the  same  arms  are  given,  quarterly 
ist  &  2d.  Ermine,  on  a  Chief,  gu.  three  Martlets. 


i 


412  VIRGINIA  HISTORICAL  MAGAZINE. 


Visitation  of  Oxfordshire  1574. 


Thomas  Fitzhugh: 
of  Beggery,  in  Com. 
Bedford 


Richard  Fitzhugh=Francis,  dau.  of    Arms:  Quarterly;  ist  Az.,  three 

of  Beggery  W3^tt,  of ,        Chevrons  interlaced  in  base  or, 

m  Com.  Kent.        ^  ^j^j^^  ^^  ^^^^  Fitzhugh],  2d 

Az.  on   a    Chevron     B.    three 
stags  heads  or;  3d.  sable,  a  bead 
Robert   Fitzhugh=Mary,    dau.    of       sinister  or,  between  six  cross 
ofWalcotm      {oh^nG.ffojd^f  ,ets;. P.  three  bars  Crest : 

Southampton.         Wyvlen  or. 


Com.  Oxon. 


Thomas  Fitzhugh  of=Elizabeth,  dau.  of 
Walcott  in   Com.        Edward,  Lord  Cromwell. 
Oxon  Esqr. 

In  Blaydes*  "Genealogia  Bedfordiensis, "  a  collection  of  extracts  from 
the  parish  register  of  Bedfordshire,  annotated  by  the  editor,  there  is  fre- 
quent notice  of  the  name  Fitzhugh.    We  copy  all  of  the  instances: 

John  Fitzhugh,  son  of  Wm.  F.,  baptized  March  22d,  1611,  at  St.  Paul's, 
Bedford.  ' 

William  Fitzhugh,  son  of  Wm.  F.,  bap.  Aug.  ist,  1613,  at  St.  PauPs, 
Bedford. 

John  Fitzhugh,  son  of  Wm.  F.,  bur.  June  4,  1624,  at  St.  Paul's,  Bed- 
ford. 

Sibel  Fitzhugh,  dau.  of  Wm.  F.,  bur.  Feb.  28,  1626,  at  St.  Paul's, 
Bedford. 

Mr.  Henry  Fitzhugh,  bur.  Feb.  28,  1631,  at  St.  Paul's,  Bedford. 

Ahn  Fitzhugh,  dau.  Wm.  &  Ann,  bap.  Sept.  23d,  1638,  at  St.  Paul's, 
Bedford. 

Thomas  Fitzhugh,  son  Wm.  &  Hannah,  bap.  Jan.  29,  1629,  at  St.  Paul's 
Bedford. 

Margaret  Fitzhugh,  dau.  Henry  &  Mary,  bap.  Nov.  12,  1640,  at  St. 
Paul's,  Bedford. 

William  Fitzhugh,  son  Wm.  &  Ann,  bap.  Dec.  ist,  1640;  bur.  Dec.  4th, 
at  St.  Paul's,  Bedford. 

Ann  Fitzhugh,  dau  .Wm.  &  Ann,bur.Nov.  24, 1 641,  at  St.  Paul's,  Bedford. 

Elizabeth  Fitzhugh,  dau.  Wm.  &  Ann,  bap.  Feb.  11,  i64i,at  St.  Paul's 
Bedford. 

Susan  Fitzhugh,  dau.  Henry  &  Mary,  bap.  Oct.  27,  1642,  at  St.  Paul's, 
Bedford. 


FITZHUGH   FAMILY   IN   ENGLAND.  413 

Mary  Fitzhugh,  dau.  Henry  &  Mary,  bap.  Dec.  26,  1643,  at  St.  Paul's, 
Bedford. 

William  Fitzhugh,  bur.  Jan.  18,  1644,  at  St.  PauPs,  Bedford. 

Elizabeth  Fitzhugh,  dau.  Henry  &  Mary,  bap.  Jan.  12,  1644,  at  St. 
Paul's,  Bedford. 

Dorothy  Fitzhugh,  dau.  Henry  &  Mary,  bap.  Jan.  24,  1645,  at  St. 
Paul's,  Bedford. 

Elizabeth  Fitzhugh,  dau.  Robert,  bap.  Sep.  25,  1649,  at  St.  Paul's, 
Bedford. 

Henry  Fitzhugh,  son  Henry,  bap.  Apl.  28, 1650.  at  St.  Paul's,  Bedford. 

Ye  Widow  Fitzhugh,  at  **ye  Ram."  bur.  Sept.  25,  1651,  at  St.  Paul's, 
Bedford. 

Philip  Fitzhugh,  son  of  Robert,  bap.  Nov.  21, 1651,  at  St.  Paul's,  Bed- 
ford. 

William  Fitzhugh,  son  of  Henry,  bap.  Jan.  10,  1651,  St.  Paul's,  Bed- 
ford. 

Elizabeth  Fitzhugh,  dau.  of  Robert,  bap.  Aug.  15,  1653,  St.  Paul's, 
Bedford. 

Augustine  Fitzhugh,  son  of  Robert  &  Mary,  bap.  Dec.  14,  1662,  St. 
Paul's,  Bedford. 

Margaret  Fitzhugh,  dau.  of  Robert  &  Mary,  bap.  Feb.  19,  1664,  St. 
Paul's,  Bedford. 

Hannah  Fitzhugh,  dau.  of  Robert  &  Mary,  bap.  Jan.  9,  1667,  St. 
Paul's,  Bedford. 

Abigail  Fitzhugh,  widow,  bur.  Dec.  10,  1697,  St.  John's,  Bedford. 

George  Fitzhugh  &  Mrs.  Mary  Baldwin,  married  May  15, 1623,  Wilden. 

George  Fitzhugh,  bur.  Aug.  28,  1624,  Wilden. 

John  Fitzhugh,  son  of  Nicholas,  bap.  Sept.  18,  1629,  bur.  Mar.  3d, 
Wilden. 

Katherine  Fitzhugh  and  Wm.  Goodwyn,  m.  Oct.  24,  1629,  Wilden. 

Nicholas  Fitzhugh,  son  of  Nicholas,  bapt.  Dec  11,  1626,  Wilden. 

Nicholas  Fitzhugh,  bur.  April  14, 1627,  Wilden. 

John  Fitzhugh,  son  of  Robert,  bap.  March  29,  1629,  Wilden. 

Robert  Fitzhugh,  son  of  Robert,  bap.  Feb.  26,  1632,  Wilden. 

William  Fitzhugh,  son  of  Robert  &  Mary,  bap.  Nov.  23d,  1634,  Wilden- 

Robert  Fitzhugh,  son  of  John  &  Anne,  bap.  June  3d,  1652,  Wilden. 

Alice  Fitzhugh,  dau.  of  John  &  Anne,  bap.  Sept.  16,  1654,  Wilden. 

Mary  Fitzhugh,  dau.  of  John  &  Anne,  bap.  Sept.  15,  1656,  Wilden. 

Anne  Fitzhugh,  dau.  of  John  &  Anne,  bap.  Sept.  22d,  1659,  Wilden. 

John  Fitzhugh,  son  of  John  &  Anne,  bap.  Sept.  18,  1665,  Wilden. 

Mr.  John  Fitzhugh,  the  elder,  widower,  bur.  Apl.  22d,  1666,  Wilden. 

George  Fitzhugh,  bur.  May  7th,  1672,  Wilden. 

Thomas  Fitzhugh,  son  of  John,  bur.  Nov.  13,  1672,  Wilden. 

Elizabeth  Fitzhugh,  widow,  bur.  Apl.  ist,  1676,  Wilden. 

Alice  Fitzhugh  &  Wm.  Lane,  of  Eaton-Scoon,  m.  Feb.  2d,  1679, 
Wilden. 


414  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL  MAGAZINE. 

Sarah  Fitzhugh,  dau  of  John,  bur.  June  9,  16851  Wilden. 

Robert  Fitzhugh,  son  of  Robert,  bap.  Nov.  15,  1694,  bur.  Nov.  24, 
Wilden. 

Mary  Fitzhugh,  dau.  of  Robert,  bap.  Dec.  2d,  1695,  bur.  Jan.  18,  Wil- 
den. 

John  Fitzhugh,  yeoman,  bur.  Oct.  3d,  1699,  at  Wilden. 

Ehzabeth  Fitzhew  &  John  Rush,  m.  Sept.  27,  1608,  at  Ravensden. 

Ann  Fitzhew  &  Mr.  W.  Ward,  of  St.  Paul's,  Bedford,  m.  Nov.  2d, 
1654,  at  Ravensden. 

Elizabeth  Fitzhew  &  W.  Franklin,  m.  Jan.  30,  1669,  at  Ravensden. 

Ann,  wife  of  John  Fitzhugh,  Sr.,  bur.  Dec.  14, 1664,  at  Neale. 

William  Fitzhugh,  bap.  Jan.  21,  1570,  at  Great  Barford. 

Robert  Fitzhugh,  bap.  July  23,  .1573,  at  Great  Barford. 

John  Fitzhugh,  bap.  Jan.  6,  1575,  at  Great  Barford. 

John  Fitzhugh,  bur.  Sept.  24,  1579,  at  Great  Barford. 

Anne  Fitzhugh,  bap.  Feb.  15,  1574,  at  Great  Barford. 

Ursula  Fitzhugh,  bap.  Feb.  3d,  1596,  at  Great  Barford. 

William  Fitzhugh,  bap.  Feb.  26,  1597,  at  Great  Barford. 

Anne  Fitzhugh  &  Robert  Worsley,  m.  Sept.  25th,  1599,  at  Great 
Barford. 

William  Fitzhugh,  son  of  Robert,  bap.  Oct.  nth,  1599,  at  Great  Barford. 

Catherine  Fitzhugh,  bap.  Feb.  28,  1601,  at  Great  Barford 

Elizabeth  Fitzhugh,  dau.  of  Robert,  bap.  Sept.  5,  1602,  at  Great  Bar- 
ford. 

Elizabeth  Fitzhugh,  bur.  Jan.  19,  1604,  at  Great  Barford. 

Judith  Fitzhugh,  dau.  Henry,  bap.  Jan.  16,  1604,  at  Great  Barford. 

Ursula  Fitzhugh,  dau.  of  Henry,  bap.  Feb.  26,  1607,  at  Great  Barford. 

Maria  Fitzhugh,  dau.  of  Henry,  gent.,  bap.  July  27,  161 2,  at  Great 
Barford. 

Anna  Fitzhugh,  dau.  of  Robert,  bap.  Aug.  22d,  1613,  at  Great  Barford. 

Anna  Fitzhugh,  dau.  of  Henry,  bap.  Sept.  8,  1639,  at  Tempsford. 

Elizabeth  Fitzhugh,  dau.  of  Wm.,  bap.  June  24,  1683,  at  Kempston. 

William  Fitzhugh,  bur.  Jan.  10,  1685,  Kempston. 

Elizabeth  Fitzhugh  &  Wm.  Waller,  m.  July  21,  1689,  Kempston. 

Among  the  notes  to  Mr.  Blaydes'  valuable  book  (which  contains 
much  other  matter  of  interest  to  the  American  genealogist)  are  the 
following  abstracts  of  wills : 

Will  of  Nicholas  Fitzhugh,  of  Wilden,  Gent,  dated  Feb.  26,  1578, 
proved  March  31st,  1579;  to  be  hurried  in  the  churchyard  of  Wilden; 
wife  Joan  to  have  all  of  his  lands  until  his  son  John  comes  of  age ;  if 
son  John  has  no  heirs,  then  estate  to  go  to  his  (testator's)  brother  John; 
legacies  to  brother  William  and  sister  Elizabeth  Fitzhugh. 

Robert  .Saunders  in  a  will  dated  2d  September,  1622,  bequeathes  to 
his  wife  Mabell  all  his  lands  at  Wavenden  and  Apsley  Heath  which 
came  to  him  from  his  grandfather,  Robert  Fitzhugh,  of  Wavenden  ;  also 
legacy  to  his  grandmother  Elizabeth  Fitzhugh. 


FITZHUGH   FAMILY   IN   ENGLAND.  415 

Will  of  William  Fitzhugh,  of  Bedford,  malster,  dated  January  2, 1632, 
proved  25th  September,  1638.  Legacies  to  daughter  Elizabeth  and  her 
husband  Thomas  Paradine,  Mayor  of  Bedford,  20  shillings  each  for 
rings;  to  their  son  Thomas  20  shillings;  to  sons  William,  Francis, 
Hugh,  Peter,  and  Robert,  ;f  30  each ;  daughters  Margaret  and  Sybill, 
brother  Robert  Fitzhugh,  son  Henry  a  newly-erected  building  in  St. 
Pauls  (parish),  Bedford;  wife  Margaret  his  dwelling-house,  with  rever- 
sion to  son  Thomas;  sister  Wilsbere,  wife  Margaret,  executrix,  and 
■brother  William  Fitzhus:h,  of  Wanden,  and  wife's  brother,  Hugh 
Smith,  executors. 

Will  of  Thomas  Fitzhugh,  of  Bedford,  Malster,  dated  loth  January, 
1639,  proved  i8th  June,  1640.  Legacies  to  brother  Henry's  wife  and 
Ann,  her  daughter,  20  shillings  each ;  brother-in-law  George  Paradine 
and  his  (P's)  sons,  Thomas  and  George,  20  shillings  each;  godson 
William  son  of  George  Paradine,  ;f  10;  sister  Elizabeth,  wife  of  George 
[the  preceding  will  says  Thomas]  Paradine,  20  nobles ;  sisters  Margaret 
and  Sibell,  20  nobles  each;  aunt  Freeborne,  to  shillings;  parish  of  St. 
Paul's,  20  shillings;  mother  Margaret  Fitzhugh,  widow,  executrix  and 
residuary  legatee. 

Will  of  Henry  Fitzhugh,  of  Bedford,  gent.,  dated  February  3d,  163 1, 
proved  October  14,  1632.  To  wife  Elizabeth  all  lands,  houses,  and  tene- 
ments during  her  life  or  widowhood;  eldest  son  William,  house,  malt- 
ing barns,  &c-,  and  in  default  of  William's  male  issue  to  youngest  son 
John,  and  in  default  of  his  issue,  to  daughters  Anna,  Susanna,  Kath- 
erine,  Judith,  Ursula,  and  Mary;  to  son-in  law  John  Paradine,  of  Bed- 
ford, husband  of  Susanna;  son-in-law  John  Rush;  residue  to  wife 
Elizabeth,  whom  he  makes  executrix. 

All  that  can  positively  be  stated  in  regard  to  the  ancestry  of  William 
Fitzhugh,  the  immigrant,  is  that  he  was  the  son  of  Henry  Fitzhugh,  of 
Bedford,  who  also  had  issue,  Margaret,  Susan,  Mary,  Elizabeth,  Doro- 
thy, and  Henry ;  and  as  William  in  one  of  his  letters  writes  to  his  uncle, 
Robert  Fitzhugh  of  Bedford,  it  seems  probable  that  Henry  Fitzhugh, 
the  elder,  was  a  son  of  William  Fitzhugh  of  Bedford,  whose  will,  as  given 
above,  names  sons  Henry  and  Robert.  It  is  not  certain,  however,  for 
though  it  was  not  uncommon  at  that  time  for  two  brothers  to  bear  the 
same  Christian  name  (see  W.  F.'s  will  above),  yet  the  visitation  does 
not  show  that  Robert  Fitzhugh,  of  Wanden,  had  two  sons  named  Wil- 
liam, nor  did  Wm.  Fitzhugh,  of  Virginia,  use  the  arms  of  the  Fitzhughs 
of  Wilden  and  Wanden  ;  but  in  a  subsequent  letter  states  that  his  arms 
were  the  three  chevrons  interlaced,  &c.,  (same  in  all  respects  as  those 
of  Fitzhugh  of  Walcott).  It  appears  from  a  subsequent  letter  that  his 
brother,  Henry  Fitzhugh,  of  London,  sent  him  a  seal,  as  of  the  Fitz- 
hugh arms,  which  William  replies  were  incorrect.  Possibly  Henry  was 
right,  William  used  the  wrong  arms.  This  of  course  is  merely  conjec- 
ture. 


416  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL  MAGAZINE. 

The  Mutiny  in  Virginia,  1635. 

(S.  P.  O.  Colo.  Vol.  8.  No.  65.) 

Letter  from   Capt.  Sam' I  Mathews  concerning  the  eviction  of 

Harvey ^  Governor  of  Va. 

Honored  Sir  : 

I  have  made  bold  to  present  you  with  divers  passages  con- 
cerning our  late  governor  by  the  hands  of  my  worthy  friend  Sir 
John  Zouch.*  But  such  was  the  miserable  condition  wee  lived 
in  that  it  dayly  gives  just  occasion  of  new  complaints  which  I 
doe  hereby  presume  to  acquaint  you  withall,  which  I  beseech  you 
to  creditt  as  they  are  true  in  every  particular.  Sir,  you  may 
please  to  take  notice  that  since  Sir  John  Harvie  his  deteyning  of 
the  Letters  to  his  Majestie  the  Lords  and  others  concerning  a 
contract,  of  which  Sir  John  Zouch  had  onely  bare  copies,  such 
as  the  Secretary  would  give  without  either  his  or  the  clarkes 
hand.  Notwithstanding  he  promised  me  to  certefie  them  under 
his  hand,  whereupon  Sir  John  Zouch  declared  before  his  depar- 
ture that  it  was  not  safe  for  him  to  deale  as  agent  in  the  coun- 
treyes  affaires  as  they  had  desired  him  to  do,  having  no  warrant 
for  his  proceedings.  And  therefore  desired  that  if  the  colony 
would  them  deale  therein  for  them,  they  should  give  him  further 
authority  under  their  hands.  To  that  purpose  when  a  letter  was 
drawn  and  carried  to  the  Burgesses  to  subscribe;  the  considera- 
tion of  the  wrong  done  by  the  Govenor  to  the  whole  colony  in 
detayning  the  foresaid  Letters  to  his  Majesty  did  exceedingly 
perplex  them,  whereby  they  were  made  sensible  of  the  miserable 
condition  of  the  present  Govenor,  wherein  the  Govenor  usurped 
the  whole  power,  in  all  causes  without  any  respect  to  the  votes 
of  the  councell,  whereby  justice  was  now  done  but  soe  farr  as 
suited  with  his  will  to  the  great  losse  of  Many  Mens  estates  and  a 
generall  feare  in  all.  They  had  heard  him  in  open  court  revile 
all  the  councell  and  tell  them  they  were  to  give  their  attendance 
as  assistants  onely  to  advise  with  him,  which  if  liked  of  should 
pass,  otherwise  the  power  lay  in  himselfe  to  dispose  of  all  matters 


*See  Neill's  Virginia  Vetusta  and  Virginia  Carolorum. 


MUTINY   IN   VIRGINIA,  1635.  417 

as  his  Majesties  substitute.  Next  that  he  had  reduced  the  colony 
to  a  ^reat  straight  by  complying  with  the  Marylanders  soe  farr 
that  betweene  them  and  himselfe  all  places  of  trade  fore  corne 
were  shutt  up  from  them,  and  no  meanes  left  to  relieve  their 
wants  without  transgressing  his  commands  which  was  very  dan- 
gerous for  any  to  attempt.  This  want  came  upon  us  the  increase 
of  above  2000  persons  this  yeare  to  the  colony  as  alsoe  by  an 
unusuall  kind  of  werell  that  last  yeare  eate  our  corne,  againe 
they  saw  a  dangerous  peace  made  by  him  with  the  Indians 
against  the  councells  and  countreyes  advice,  that  although  the 
Indians  had  offered  any  insolent  injuries  yet  he  withheld  us  from 
revenging  ourselves  and  had  taken  of  them  satisfaction  lor  many 
Hoggs,  of  which  in  one  place  a  Lyst  was  brought  in  of  above 
500 ;  which  satisfaction  the  Interpreter  instefies  he  had  received 
for  the  Governors  owne  use.  The  inhabitants  also  understood 
with  indignation  that  the  Marylanders  had  taken  Captaine  Clay- 
borne's  Pinnasses  and  men  with  the  goods  in  them,  whereof  they 
had  made  prize  and  shared  the  goods  amongst  them,  which  action 
of  theirs  Sir  John  Harvey  upheld  contrary  to  his  Majestie's  ex- 
press comands  in  his  Royall  Letters,  and  the  Letters  of  the 
Lords  which  Letter  from  his  Majestie  he  did  not  communicate  to 
the  rest  of  the  councell  though  Captaine  Clayborne  in  his  Peti- 
tion had  directed  them  to  the  whole  Board.  But  said  they  were 
surreptitiously  gotten.  Sir,  these  and  infinite  number  of  per- 
ticular  mens  injuries,  were  the  grounds  of  their  greife  and 
the  occasion  of  the  Petition  and  Letter  that  they  exhibited 
to  the  councell  for  some  speedy  redress  of  these  evills  which 
would  otherwise  mine  the  Colony. 

These  general  grievances  made  some  of  the  people  meete  in 
some  numbers  and  in  an  unlawfull  manner,  yet  without  any  man- 
ifestation of  bad  intents,  only  desires  to  exhibit  their  complaints, 
as  did  appeare  upon  strict  examination,  though  Captain  Purfrey* 


*  Captain  Thomas  Purifoy  (or  Purfrey,  and  Purifie,  as  it  is  frequently 
written  in  the  old  records)  was  principal  commander  of  Elizabeth  City 
in  1628,  and  a  commissioner  for  that  county  in  the  same  year;  Burgess 
for  the  lower  part  of  Elizabeth  City  in  i629-*3o,  and  member  of  the 
Council  in  163 1.  A  contemporary  says  of  him :  "  He  is  a  soldier  and  a 
man  of  open  heart,  hating,  for  ought  I  can  perceive,  all  kinds  of  dis- 
simulation and  bareness."     He  named  (according  to  a  land  patent)  one 


418  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

had  in  a  Letter  accused  them  in  a  neare  sense  to  rebellion  which 
since  he  denyed  under  his  owne  hand,  being  usuall  with  him  to 
affirme  and  deny  often  the  same  things.  The  governor  having 
intelligence  of  this  Petition  grew  inraged,  and  sent  out  his  war- 
rants to  apprehend  the  complaynants,  which  some  of  the  coun- 
cell  accordingly  executed;  upon  these  appearances  he  himself 
onely,  constituted  a  new  sheriff  at  James  Citty,  a  defamed  fellow 
to  whom  he  committed  the  Keeping  of  the  Prisoners  in  Irons. 
Some  of  them  desiring  the  cause  of  their  comittment,  to  whom 
he  answered  that  they  should  at  the  gallowes,  presently  the  coun- 
cell  being  called  together  he  declared  it  necessary  that  Marshall 
law  should  be  executed  upon  the  Prisoners,  but  it  was  desired 
they  might  have  legall  tryall;  soe  growing  into  extreame  coUer 
and  passion,  after  many  passings  and  repassings  to  and  fro,  at 
length  sate  downe  in  the  chayre  and  with  a  frowning  countenance 
bid  all  the  councell  sit.  After  a  long  pause  he  drew  a  paper  out 
of  his  pockett  and  reading  it  to  himself  said  to  the  councell;  I 
am  to  propound  a  question  unto  you;  I  require  every  man,  in 
his  Majestie's  name,  to  deliver  his  opinion  in  writing  under  bis 
hand,  and  no  man  to  advise  or  councell  with  the  other,  but  to 
make  a  direct  answer  unto  this  proposition  (which  is  this):  What 
do  you  think  they  deserve  that  have  gone  about  to  persuade  the 
people  from  their  obedience  to  his  Majestie's  substitute;  And  to 
this  I  doe  require  you  to  make  your  present  answer  and  no  man 
to  advise  or  interrupt  with  other.     And  I  begin  with  you  Mr. 


of  his  estates  (a  thousand-acre  tract)  "  Drayton,"  doubtless  after  the 
place  of  that  name,  which  is  mentioned  by  Burke  as  a  seat  of  the  Puri- 
foys  (extinct  baronets).  There  is  among  the  Maryland  archives  a 
deposition,  dated  1640,  of  his  wife,  Lucy  Purifoy,  who  was  then  about 
forty-two  years  old.  She  stated  that  she  was  born  *' infra  Ranson," 
Leicestershire,  and  had  been  in  Virginia  as  early  as  1629.  In  1656  a 
grant  was  made  to  W.  Moore  for  land  at  Old  Poquosan,  which  had 
been  assigned  to  him  by  Lucy,  relict  of  Captain  Purifoy,  and  confirmed 
by  Thomas  Purifoy,  his  son  and  heir.  Mr.  Thomas  Purifoy,  probably 
the  son,  patented  2,000  acres  in  the  **  freshes  of  Rappahannock  "  in 
1655,  and  "  Mr.  Thomas  Purifoy  "  was  a  justice  of  Elizabeth  City  in 
1650.  On  June  19,  1675,  Mr.  Matson  Waketin  petitioned  the  Council 
in  behalf  of  the  orphans  of  Thomas  Purifoy,  deceased,  for  a  survey  of 
their  lands.    So  that  the  son  was  dead  prior  to  this  time. 


MUTINY    IN   VIRGINIA,  1635.  419 

Menefie ;  *  who  answered,  I  am  but  a  youn^  Lawyer  and  dare 
not  upon  the  suddain  deliver  my  opinion.  The  governor  re- 
quired that  should  be  his  answer  under  his  hand ;  Mr.  Farrarf 
begann  to  complaine  of  that  strong  comand,  the  governor  cutt  of  ^ 
his  speech  saying  in  his  Majestie's  name  I  comand  you  not  to 
speake  till  your  turne.  Then  myselfe  replyed,  I  conceive  this  a 
strange  kind  of  proceeding ;  instantly  in  his  Majesties  name  he 
comanded  me  silence ;  I  said  further  there  was  no  Presedent  for 
such  a  comand,  whereupon  he  gave  me  leave  to  speake  further. 
But  it  was  by  a  Tyrant  meaning  that  passage  of  Richard  the 
third  against  the  Lord  Hastings;  after  which  relation  the 
rest  of  the  councell  begann  to  speake  and  refused  that  course. 
Then  followed  many  bitter  languages  from  him,  till  the  sitting 
ended.     The  next  meeting  in  a  most  sterne  manner  he  demanded 


*See  Magazine  I,  page  86.  His  daughter  and  heiress  married 
Captain  Henry  Perry,  of  Charles  City  county,  and  inherited  her  father's 
estate,  Buckland. 

t  Nicholas  Farrar  (or  Ferrar),  who  was  descended  from  the  Yorkshire 
Ferrars  and  nearly  allied  to  Robert  Ferrar,  Bishop  of  St.  David's  (who 
suffered  martyrdom  in  1555),  was  born  in  1546,  and  at  his  death  (April, 
1620,)  and  several  years  before  a  distinguished  member  of  the  Virginia 
Company.  He  married  Mary  Wodenoth,  of  an  old  Cheshire  family, 
and  had  issue:  I.  Susannah,  married  Thomas  Collett,  Esq.;  II.  John, 
born  1590,  Treasurer  of  the  Virginia  Company.  He  died  in  1657,  and 
by  hjs  wife,  Bathsheba,  had  a  daughter,  Virginia,  who  was  greatly  in- 
terested in  Virginia,  advocated  the  culture  of  silk  here,  and  prepared 
a  map  of  the  Colony  in  1657 ;  III.  Nicholas,  born  February  22d,  1593, 
Treasurer  of  the  Virginia  Company  and  Member  of  Parliament,  who 
afterwards  attracted  much  attention  by  his  religious  retirement  at  Lit- 
tle Gidding,  Huntingdonshire;  IV.  Richard,  born  1596;  V.  William. 
The  latter  is  said  to  have  been  a  barrister,  and  the  person  named  in 
the  text,  who  was  in  Virginia  in  162 1,  was  a  member  of  the  Council 
1627-1633,  and  a  justice  of  Charles  City  and  Henrico.  He  died  in  or 
before  1637,  and  left  two  sons,  William  and  John,  who  were  prominent 
citizens  of  Henrico  county,  justices,  sheriflfe,  and  member  of  the 
House  of  Burgesses,  and  have  many  descendants  in  various  parts  of 
the  United  States.  In  1637  there  was  a  grant  to  **  Mr.  William  Farrar, 
son  and  heir  of  William  Farrar,  of  Henrico,  deceased." 

No  family  rendered  greater  services  to  the  infant  Colony  than  the 
Farrars  (or  Ferrars)  of  London,  and  copy  of  the  will  of  Nicholas  Fer- 
rar, Sr.,  (who  died  in  1620)  would  be  of  much  interest.  We  hope  some 
member  of  the  family  will  secure  a  copy  and  allow  us  to  publish  it. 


420  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

the  reason  that  wee  conceived  of  the  countreye's  Petition  against 
him.  Mr.  Menefee  made  answer,  the  chiefest  cause  was  the  de- 
tayning  of  the  Letters  to  his  Majestic  and  the  Lords.  Then  he 
rising  in  a  great  rage  sayd  to  Mr.  Menefee  ;  and  do  you  say  see? 
He  replied,  yes  :  presently  the  governor  in  a  fury  went  and  strik- 
ing him  on  the  shoulder  as  hard  as  I  can  imagine  he  could  said, 
I  arrest  you  of  suspicion  of  Treason  to  his  Majestic.  Thep  Cap- 
tain Utie*  being  neare  said,  and  wee  the  like  to  you  sir.  Where- 
upon I  seeing  him  in  a  rage,  tooke  him  in  my  armes  and  said: 
Sir,  there  is  no  harm  intended  against  you  save  only  to  acquaint 
you  with  the  grievances  of  the  Inhabitants  and  to  that  end  I  de- 
sire you  to  sitt  downe  in  youre  chayre.  And  soe  I  related  to 
him  the  aforesaid  grievances  of  the  colony  desiring  him  that  their 
just  complaint  might  receive  some  satisfaction  which  he  alto- 
gether denied,  soe  that  sitting  ended.  After  wee  were  parted  the 
Secretary  Shewed  a  letter  sent  r.p  by  Captain  Purfrey  to  the  Gov- 
ernor which  spake  of  dangerous  times,  that  to  his  knowledge  the 
wayes  were  layd,  which  when  wee  had  considered  with  the  things 
before  specified,  wee  much  doubted  least  the  Inhabitants  would 
not  be  kept  in  due  obedience  if  the  Governor  continued  as  for- 
merly and  soe  acquainted  him  therewith.  The  which  opinion  of 
ours  he  desired  under  our  hands  the  which  being  granted  him 
he  was  requested  the  sight  of  his  Majestic' s  Comission,  and  the 
same  being  publiquely  read  (notwithstanding  any  former  pas- 
sages) wee  of  the  Councell  tendred  the  continuance  of  our  assist- 
ance provided  that  he  would  be  pleased  to  conforme  himselfe  to 
his  Majesties  pleasure  expressed  by  his  Comission  and  Instruc- 
tions, the  which  request  was  in  no  part  satisfied,  whereupon  be- 
ing doubtfull  of  some  Tyrannicall  proceeding  wee  requested  the 
Secretary!  to  take  charge  of  the  Comission  and  Instructions 

*  See  Magazine  I,  p.  90. 

t "  The  Secretary  '*  was  then  Richard  Kemp,  Esq.,  who  was  appointed 
secretary  of  Virginia,  and  member  of  the  Council  in  1634,  at  the  instance, 
he  says,  of  the  Duke  of  Lennox  and  the  Earl  of  Pembroke  {English 
Colonial  State  Papers).  He  was  acting  Governor  from  June,  1644,  to 
June,  1645,  and  was  still  Secretary  in  1648.  The  date  of  his  death  is  not 
known,  but  it  appears  from  a  tomb  in  Bruton  Churchyard,  which 
was  formerly  at  '*  Green  Spring,"  that  he  was  buried  at  the  latter  place. 
It  is  believed  that  his  widow  or  daughter,  Elizabeth,  married  first  Sir 


MUTINY   IN  VIRGINIA,  1635.  421 

untill  we  had  some  time  to  consider  of  a  safe  course  for  the  satis- 
fying the  Inhabitants  Petition  and  the  safety  of  the  Governours 
Person  which  by  reason  of  Captain  Purfreys  letter  wee  conceived 
to  be  in  some  danger ;  whereupon  wee  appointed  an  Assembly 
of  all  the  late  Burgesses  whereby  they  might  acquaint  us  with 
their  grievances  as  may  appeare  by  theire  Petition ;  wee  broke  up 
for  that  meeting  with  a  resolution  to  return  againe  within  six 
dayes,  having,  according  to  Sir  John  Harvey's  desire  appointed 
a  sufficient  gard  for  the  safety  of  his  Person,  within  three  dayes 
after  he  departed  from  James  Citty  and  went  into  the  Mills  to  the 
house  of  one  William  Brockas,*  whose  wife  was  generally  sus- 
pected to  have  more  familiarity  with  him  than  befitted  a  modest 


Thomas  Lunsford.  and  afterwards  Major-General  Robert  Smith  of  Mid- 
dlesex county.  There  is  recorded  in  Lancaster,  January  7,  1656,  a 
receipt,  dated  December  i,  1656,  from  Thomas  Stegge,  acknowledging 
that  he  had  received  from  "the  Lady  Lunsford"  2.000  pounds  of 
tobacco  in  full  of  all  accounts  between  Mr.  John  Calbert  and  Mr. 
Richard  Kemp,  deceased.  There  is  also  recorded  in  Lancaster  a  deed ' 
dated  April  28,  1656,  from  "Dame  Elizabeth  Lunsford  "  to  her  loving 
friend  Richard  Lee,  conveying  fifty  acres,  part  of  a  tract  of  500  acres 
assigned  her  by  Samuel  Abbott.  Lady  Lunsford  was  taxed  in  Lancas- 
ter, 1658,  for  fourteen  tithables.  It  also  appears  from  the  Ludwell 
papers  in  The  Virginia  Historical  Society  collection  that  Robert  Smith 
and  Elizabeth,  his  wife,  had  some  sort  of  interest  in  lands  which  had 
formerly  belonged  to  Richard  Kemp  and  to  Samuel  Abbott. 

It  is  not  believed  that  Richard  Kemp  was  ancestor  of  the  well  known 
family  of  that  name  in  Middlesex  and  Gloucester.  Their  first  ancestor, 
of  whom  the  records  give  any  notice  was  Edmond  Kent,  gentleman,  who 
was  living  in  Lancaster  (which  then  included  Middlesex)  in  1656.  He 
was  a  justice  of  Lancaster,  1655,  1657,  &c.;  and  died  in  1659  or  1660,  and 
shortly  afterwards  his  widow,  Ann,  married  Sir  Grey  Skipwith,  Bart,  of 
Middlesex  {Lancaster  Records).  There  is  recorded  in  Lancaster  an 
order,  dated  Jan.  4,  1656,  pursuant  to  a  petition  of  Mr.  Edmond  Kemp, 
attorney  of  Sir  Robert  Kemp,  Knight. 

*  Captain  William  Brocas  was  a  member  of  the  Council  from to 

1655.  He  patented  large  tracts  of  land,  and  lived  first  in  York  county, 
and  afterwards  in  that  part  of  Lancaster  which  is  now  Middlesex.  A 
writer  states  in  1647,  that  Captain  Brocas  of  the  Council,  who  had  been 
a  great  traveller,  had  a  vineyard  and  made  excellent  wine.  He  appears 
to  have  married  three  times  :  first  Tabitha  (there  is  recorded  in  Lancas- 
ter a  certificate  of  land  to  Captain  W.  Brocas  for  the  importation  of 
seventeen  persons,  including  Dr.  Henry  Waldron,  Mrs.  Tabitha  Brocas, 


422  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

woman  where  he  thought  himselfe  soe  secure  that  he  dismissed 
his  guard.  Soone  after  the  Councell  and  Burgesses  according  to 
the  time  prefixed  mett  at  James  Citty.  But  before  wee  entered 
upon  any  business  the  Secretary  shewed  us  a  Letter  which  he 
had  received  that  morning  from  Sir  John  Harvey  (the  true  cop- 
pie  whereof  I  have  here  inclosed)  And  notwithstanding  his 
threats  therein  the  Assembly  proceeded  according  to  their  former 
Intentions.  The  next  morning  the  Secretary  shewed  us  another 
letter  from  Sir  John  Harvey  wherein  he  had  required  him  to  re- 
deliver him  his  Majesties  Comission  and  Instructions  charging 
him  upon  his  alleageance  to  keepe  Secresie  therein.  But  the 
Councell  had  before  thought  of  his  late  practises  with  the  Secre- 
tary concerning  the  detayning  of  the  former  proceedings,  had 
comitted  the  charge  of  the  Comission  and  Instructions  to  Mr. 
George  Menefie  until  all  differences  were  setled.  And  for  the 
effecting  of  the  same  wee  proceeded  to  give  a  hearing  unto  the 
grievances  of  the  Inhabitants  which  were  innumerable,  and 
theretofore  it  thought  fit  that  their  generall  grievances  only 
should   be  presented  to  the   Right   Honorable  Lords   Comis- 


&c.) ;  secondly  Mary,  widow  of  Christopher  Wormeley,  Esq.  (  VorA  Re^ 
cords),  and  thirdly  Eleanor,  daughter  of  Richard  Eltonhead,  of**  Elton- 
head,*'  Lancashire.  England  (who  afterwards  married  Col.  John  Carter 
of  "Corotoman  '^—Lancaster  Records).  There  is  recorded  in  Lancas- 
ter a  deed,  dated  Nov.  17,  1652,  from  *'Capt.  Wm.  Brocas  of  Rappa : 
river  in  ye  County  of  Lancaster  in  Virginia  Esq."  to  his  wife  Eleanor — 
witnesses  Edwin  Conoway  [Conway]  (who  married  her  sister  Martha 
Eltonhead),  and  John  Anderson  ;  and  also  an  order  of  court,  May,  1655, 
granting  Eleanor  Brocas,  administration  on  the  estate  of  her  husband, 
W.  Brocas,  deceased,  who  by  indenture  dated  November  6,  1652,  con- 
veyed to  Sir  Henry  Chichley,  Knight,  his  whole  estate  in  trust  for  his 
wife  Eleanor  Brocas.  Sir  Henry  Chichley  married  Agatha,  widow  of 
Ralph  Wormeley,  Esq.,  of  *'Rosegill,"  Middlesex,  and  sister  of  Mrs. 
Eleanor  Brocas. 

There  is  recorded  in  Lancaster,  May  1655,-**  A  schedule  of  ye  estate  of 
Capt.  Wm.  Brocas,  Esq  ,**  and  in  July  the  inventory  of  his  personal 
estate,  which  includes  among  other  things  *'  the  servants  thatare  Eng- 
lish," viz :  George  Hickman  with  two  years  to  serve,  valued  at  2000 
lbs.  tobacco,  **  Nora  an  Irish  girl  that  cannot  speak  English,"  &c.  (Here 
seems  to  be  a  palpable  bull.)  And  also  **  a  parcel  of  old  torn  books 
most  of  them  Spanish,  Italyan,  and  Latin,"  valued  at  100  lbs.  tobacco. 
Captain  Brocas  died  without  issue,  and  it  appears  from  the  Lancaster 
records  that  his  heir  at  law  was  one  John  Jackson. 


MUTINY   IN  VIRGINIA,  1635.  423 

sions  for  Plantations  omitting  particular  complaints  which  should 
have  beene  over  tedious  untill  a  fitter  opportunity.  Sir,  wee  were 
once  resolved  not  to  proceed  to  the  election  of  a  New  Governor 
but  finding  his  Majesties  comands  to  the  contrary  that  upon  the 
death  or  absence  of  any  governor  to  make  a  new  election. 
Therefore  untill  we  heare  of  his  Majesties  further  pleasure  wee 
have  made  choice  of  Captaine  John  West  *  an  anntient  Inhabi- 


*John  West,  brother  of  Thomas,  Third  Lord  Delaware,  Governor 

of   Virginia,  was  born ,  and  died  in  1659-60.     He  was 

a  member  of  the  Virginia  Company  1609 ;  he  came  to  the  Colony  at  an 
early  date ;  was  member  of  the  House  of  Burgesses  i629-*3o,  justice 
of  York  (where  he  lived  some  time),  1634,  and  member  of  the  Council 
from  1631  until  his  death.  He  was  Governor  from  May,  1635,  to  Janu- 
ary, 1637,  and  in  the  latter  year  was  sent  to  England  (along  with  Mat- 
thews and  Utie,  and  Peirce,  who  had  gone  over  a  year  before)  to  stand 
trial  for  their  share  in  Harvey's  deposition;  but  nothing  appears  to 
have  come  of  it.  On  August  27,  1640,  the  King  wrote  to  the  Governor 
of  Virginia  directing  him  to  send  over  West,  Matthews,  Peirce,  and 
Menefie  to  answer  to  an  information  in  the  Star  Chamber.  This  like- 
wise seems  to  have  amounted  to  nothing,  for  in  the  next  year  (1641)  he 
was  appointed  Muster  Master-General  of  Virginia.  He  married  Anne 
— — ,  and  had  an  only  child,  John  West,  Jr. 

By  order  of  court,  bearing  date  6th  of  June,  1632,  Sir  John  Harvey, 
Knight,  and  the  rest  of  the  Council,  granted  unto  Captain  John  West 
2,000  acres  of  land,  in  consideration  of  his  son  being  the  first  born 
Christian  at  Chiscayack  (Conway  Robinson's  Notes  from  General 
Court  Records),  In  1651  Captain  John  West  was  granted  1550  acres  in 
York  county,  and  among  the  head  rights  were  himself '*  4  times  "  \i.  e.^ 
four  times  from  England],  Mrs.  Anne  West  "  twice,"  and  John  West, 
Jr.  Among  other  large  grants  was  one  on  the  Mattapony,  "  in  Glou- 
cester Co.,"  in  1654,  and  another  (as  Colonel  John  West)  in  1657.  This 
last  he  failed  to  seat,  and  in  1662  it  was  regranted  to  Captain  John 
West  as  his  "son  and  heir."  In  1655  Colonel  John  West,  Esq,,  and 
John  West.  Jr.,  were  witnesses  to  a  deed  from  Pindeabank,  an  Indian, 
to  Edward  Wyatt  (son  of  Rev.  Hawte  Wyatt). 

At  the  session  of  March,  i659-'6o,  the  Assembly  passed  an  order  de- 
claring ''Whereas  the  many  important  favours  and  serves  rendered 
to  the  countrey  of  Virginia  by  the  noble  family  of  the  West,  predeces- 
sors to  Mr.  John  West,  their  now  only  survivor,  claim  at  least  a  grate- 
ful! remembrance  of  their  former  merits  be  still  continued  to  their 
survivor.  It  is  ordered^  That  the  levies  of  the  said  Master  West  and 
his  ffamily  be  remitted,  and  that  he  be  exempted  from  payment  thereof 
during  life."    {Henin^  I,  547.) 


424  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

tant  who  is  a  very  honest* gentlemen  of  a  noble  family  being 
brother  to  the  Lord  Laward  sometimes  governor  of  Virginia. 
I  beseech  God  to  direct  his  Majestie  in  appointing  of  some 
worthy  religious  gentleman,  for  to  take  charge  of  this  his  colony, 
and  I  doubt  not  by  God's  assistance  and  the  industry  of  the 
people,  but  Virginia  in  few  yeares  will  flourish.  You  may 
please  to  take  notice  that  Captaine  Clayborne  two  dayes  since 
repayred  unto  us  for  redress  against  the  oppressions  of  the  Mary- 
landers  who  have  slaine  three  and  hurt  others  of  the  Inhabitants 
of  the  Isle  of  Kent.  Notwithstanding  their  Knowledge  of  his 
Majesties  late  express  Letter  to  comand  freedome  of  trade,  the 
true  coppie  whereof  I  have  here  inclosed,  I  doe  believe  that  they 
would  not  have  comitted  such  outrages  without  Sir  John  Har- 
vey's instigation,  however  in  conformity  to  his  Majesties  comand 
wee  have  entreated  Captaine  Utie  and  Captain  Pierce  to  sayle 
for  Maryland  with  Instructions  and  Letters  from  the  Governor 
and  councell  desiring  them  to  desist  their  violent  proceedings 
promising  them  all  fayre  correspondence  on  the  behalfe  of  the 
Inhabitants  of  the  Isle  of  Kent  untill  wee  understood  his  Majes- 
ties further  pleasure. 

In  the  meane  time  we  rest  in  expectation  of  their  answere 
according  to  which  wee  intend  to  proceed.  In  the  which  I  be- 
seech God  to  direct  us  for  the  best.  I  conclude  with  an  assured 
hope  that  Sir  John  Harvey's  returne  will  be  acceptable  to  God 
not  displeasing  to  his  Majestie,  and  an  assured  happiness  unto 
this  Colony,  wherein  whilst  I  live,  I  shall  be  ready  to  doe  you  all 
the  true  offices  of  a  faythfull  Iriend  and  servant. 

Signed  Sam:  Mathews. 

From  Newport  Newes 

this  25th  May,  1635. 


Colonel  John  West,  Jr.,  lived  at  **  West  Point  "  (now  King  William 
county) ;  sat  on  the  courts  martial  which  tried  the  rebels  in  Bacon's 
time,  and  in  1680  was  senior  justice,  and  colonel  commanding  the 
militia  of  New  Kent  county  (see  Magazine  III,  p.  248).  He  married 
Ursula,  daughter  of  Major  Joseph  Croshaw,  of  York  county  {.York 
Records),  and  left  issue  (his  will  being  dated  1689) — three  sons,  John, 
Nathaniel,  and  Thomas,  and  a  daughter,  Anne,  who  married  Henry 
Fox.  They  have  many  descendants  of  their  own  name  and  in  the 
families  of  Aylett,  Claiborne,  Fox,  Dandridge,  and  numerous  others. 


DECLARATION  OF  SIR    JOHN   HARVEY.  425 


Declaration  of  Sir  John  Harvey. 

(S  P.  O.  Colo.  Vol.  8,  No.  74.) 

To  the  Right  Honorable  the  Lords 

Commissions  for  forraigne  Plantations : 

The  humble  Declaration  of  Sir  John  Harvey  his  Majesties  Lieu- 
tenant Governor  of  Virginia  touching  the  Mutinous  proceed- 
ings of  the  councell  there  and  their  confederates  with  the 
causes  thereof. 

Sheweth  : 

That  about  seaven  yeares  since  I  was  by  his  Majestie  im- 
ployed  to  serve  him  as  Governor  of  Virginia,  during  which  time 
I  have  faithfully  and  diligently  served  his  Majestie  to  the  utter- 
most of  my  power:  And  that  Mr.  John  West,  Samuell  Mathews, 
John  Utye,  William  Clayborne,  William  Farrer,  William  Perry, 
William  Pearse,  and  George  Minefie  with  some  others  are  all  of 
the  councell  of  Virginia,  and  thereby  joyned  with  mee  in  the  said 
Government. 

And  by  the  Comission  all  things  are  to  be  ordered  by  the 
Governor  and  councell,  only  the  Governor  is  of  the  Quorum. 

That  about  December  last  and  many  times  since  secret  and 
unlawfull  meetings  were  had  by  the  said  Mathewes  with  the  rest 
of  the  foresaid  councellors,  and  divers  of  the  inhabitants  drawn 
to  the  said  meetings  and  assemblies.  That  coming  to  the  Know- 
ledge of  the  said  unlawfull  and  factious  meetings,  I  caused  Wil- 
liam English  *   Captain  Martu  f  and  Francis  Pott,  who  were 


*  William  English  was  a  member  of  the  House  of  Burgesses  from 
Elizabeth  City  1629,  1632,  and  i632-'3,  a  justice  of  the  first  court  held 
for  York  county,  July  12,  1633. 

t  Captain  Nicholas  Martian  was  a  foreigner,  probably  a  Frenchman 
<and  of  course  a  Protestant,  or  he  could  not  have  held  office).  There 
is  copied  in  the  Northampton  records  an  order  of  Assembly,  dated 
March  28,  1656,  which  states  that  Captain  Nicholas  Martin  obtained  his 
denization  in  England,  and  could  hold  any  office  or  employment  in 
Virginia.  He  was  born  1591  {Hotten\  came  to  Virginia  probably  be- 
fore 1620;  was  Burgess  1623  for  Kiskyache,  and  the  Isle  of  Kent  1631, 


426  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

chiefe  actors  therein,  to  be  apprehended  and  comitted,  and  sent 
for  the  said  councellors  to  give  their  assistance  to  the  suppress- 
ing and  punishing  the  mutinous  meetings.  And  that  upon  the 
28  day  of  Aprill  last  which  was  the  time  when  they  were  to  meet 
for  his  Majesties  said  service,  the  said  Mathewes,  Utye,  Farrer, 
Pearce,  Minefie  and  John  Pott  came  all  armed  and  brought  with 
them  about  50  Musketeers,  and  besett  mee  in  my  owne  house, 
which  was  the  place  which  I  appointed  for  our  meeting.  That  I 
and  Mr.  Kemp  (his  Majesties  Secretary  there)  were  then  sitting 
together  expecting  the  councell,  when  the  said  mutinous  com- 
pany entered  the  place,  and  John  Utye  in  the  presence  of  the  rest 


and  for  Kiskyache  1632  and  i632-'3.  He  was  a  justice  of  York  from  1633 
to  1657.  His  will,  dated  March  ist,  1656,  and  proved  April  24,  1657,  in 
York  county,  divides  his  estate  between  his  daughters,  Elizabeth,  wife 
of  Colonel  George  Read,  Esq.,  (member  of  the  Council),  Mary,  wife  of 
Lieutenant-Colonel  John  Scarsbrook,  and  Sarah,  wife  of  Captain  Wil- 
liam Fuller  (Governor  of  Maryland) ;  frees  two  of  his  negroes,  to  whom 
he  gives  a  cow  each  and  clothes,  and  gives  a  legacy  to  Hugh  Roy, 
lately  his  servant. 

Investigations  in  the  York  records  by  President  Tyler,  of  William  and 
Mary,  show  that  Captain  Nicholas  Martian  owned  the  site  of  the  pres- 
ent Yorktown,  which  suggests  some  interesting  coincidences.    Another 
letter  in  regard  to  this  affair  of  Harvey  shows  that  Martian  was  one  of 
the  speakers  at  the  meeting  held  at  the  house  of  William  Warren,  of 
York,  to  oppose  the  misgovernment  of  Harvey— the  first  organized 
resistance  in  Virginia  to  the  oppressions  of  government.    And  on  the 
land  once  owned  by  Martian,  his  descendant,  Washington,  gave  the 
final  blow  to  English  ascendancy.    The  so-called  "  Moore  House,"  or 
•*  Temple  Farm,"  where  the  surrender  was  signed,  was  on  the  land 
owned  by,  and  there  can  be  hardly  a  doubt  that  the  house  was  built 
by  George  Ludlow,  a  near  kinsman  of  the  arch-rebel  General  Edmund 
Ludlow,  and  who,  as  General  Ludlow  himself  states  in  his  memoirs, 
took  an  active  part  in  inducing  the  loyal  Virginians  to  submit  to  the 
English  rebels.    Truly  the  scene  of  the  siege  and  of  the  surrender 
could  hardly  have  been  selected  with  more  fitness.    Captain  Martian 
was  ancestor  alike  of  Washington  and  of  Governor  Thomas  Nelson, 
who  was  an  active  and  useful  assistant  in  the  siege  of  York.    Mildred, 
daughter  of  George  and  Elizabeth  Read,  married  Augustine  Warner^ 
Jr.,  of  Gloucester  county,  and  their  daughter,  Mildred  Warner,  mar- 
ried Lawrence  Washington,  and  was  grandmother  of  George  Washing- 
ton, while  Governor  Nelson's  paternal  grandmother  was  a  Miss  Read, 
granddaughter  of  Colonel  George  Read. 


DECLARATION  OF  SIR    JOHN    HARVEY.  427 

gave  me  a  very  greate  and  violent  stroake  upon  the  shoulder  and 
sayd  with  a  loud  voyce,  I  arrest  you  for  treason;  and  thereupon 
Mathewes  and  the  rest  of  the  said  company,  came  all  about  mee, 
and  layd  hould  on  me.  and  there  held  me  so  as  I  was  not  able 
to  stirr  from  the  place,  and  all  of  them  sayd  to  me;  you  must 
prepare  yourself  to  goe  for  England,  for  you  must  and  shall  goe, 
to  answer  the  complainte  that  are  against  you. 

That  upon  this  Uproare  John  Pott,  (who  by  the  said  company 
was  pleased  at  the  doore  of  said  house)  with  his  hand  gave  a 
signe  and  immediately  the  Musketeers  which  before  that  time  lay 
hid,  came  presently  running  with  their  pieces  presented  towards 
my  house;  and  when  one  of  my  servants  saw  them  coming  so 
hastily  towards  my  house,  he  asked  the  said  Pott  what  the  said 
Shott  meant;  he  said  unto  him;  Stirr  not  for  your  life;  and 
when  they  were  come  neare  to  him,  he  sayd  to  the  Muskeeters: 
Stay  there  untill  there  be  use  of  you;  and  there  upon  they  re- 
tired again. 

That  to  prepare  their  way  to  the  meeting  they  caused  guards 
to  be  sett  in  all  wayes  and  passages,  so  that  no  man  could  travel 
or  come  from  place  to  place,  nor  had  I  meanes  or  power  to  raise 
any  force  to  suppress  this  meetiug  they  having  restrayned  me, 
and  sett  a  guard  upon  me. 

That  the  said  councellors  did  then  sett  at  liberty  the  said  Wil- 
liam English,  Martu  and  Francis  Pott,  having  before  contrived  a 
petition  made  in  the  name  of  the  countrey  to  themselves  wherein 
they  pretended  to  lay  many  aspersions  upon  mee,  which  they 
sent  by  Francis  Pott  upp  and  downe  the  Colonie,  whom  they 
caused  to  meet  in  severall  places  for  that  purpose  to  gett  their 
hands  to  it,  who  by  feare  and  persuasion  being  told  by  him  that 
it  was  for  the  generall  good  of  the  countrey  and  that  the  coun- 
cell  and  the  best  in  the  Land  did  approve  of  it,  were  brought  to 
subscribe  thereto,  only  they  of  Accomack  refused  to  subscribe 
with  them. 

That  upon  pretence  of  this  petition  thus  by  themselves  con- 
trived, they  caused  an  Assembly  of  the  Countrey  to  be  called, 
who  mett  at  James  Towne,  upon  the  seaventh  day  of  May  last, 
and  there  and  in  severall  other  places  they  made  Proclamation 
that  if  any  man  could  say  ought  against  Sir  John  Harvey  he 
should  be  heard.     And  the  said  councellors  then  chose  Mr.  John 


428  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

West  for  Governor,  who  thereupon  tooke  the  place  and  title  of 
Governor  upon  him,  and  gave  orders  and  directions  as  Governor. 
That  when  I  saw  things  come  to  this  height  that  they  had  sent 
mee  a  proscription  under  their  hands,  and  that  they  had  sumoned 
the  Countrey  together  under  pretence  of  calling  an  Assembly 
(which  is  their  Parliament)  and  chosen  another  Governor;  seeing 
them  runn  into  such  dangerous  and  desperate  courses,  I  wrote 
unto  the  councell  and  Assembly  of  Burgesses  and  comanded 
them,  in  his  Majesties  name,  all  to  depart  from  that  mutinous 
Assembly :  but  this  the  councell,  (after  they  had  heard  it  read 
unto  them  by  Mr.  Kemp)  supprest  and  concealed  it  from  the 
people,  the  better  to  worke  their  mutinous  intentions.  And  still 
persisting  in  their  malice  towards  mee,  they  contrived  amongst 
themselves  to  share  my  house  and  estate  amongst  them. 

1.  All  which  did  proceed  from  these  motives  following:  Sir 
John  Wolstenholme  hath  long  kept  the  countrey  in  expectation 
of  a  change  of  the  Governor  and  the  renewing  of  a  corporation, 
which  hath  much  distracted  the  minds  of  the  people  there. 

2.  These  mutinous  Councellors  Mathewes,  Utye,  Pearce,  and 
Clayborne,  who  are  the  heads  and  contrivers  of  this  outrage,  are 
the  same  men  that  both  myself  and  Mr.  Kemp  have  complayned 
of  to  your  Lordships  for  their  opposition  to  his  Majesties  service 
in  severall  occasions.  And  they  have  contrived  to  raise  this 
storme  uppon  mee,  hoping  thereby  to  shelter  themselves. 

3.  The  maine  occasion,  which  they  pretend  to  proceed  upon,  is 
that  which  is  mentioned  in  the  councellors  letter  or  petition  to 
themselves,  but  made  in  the  name  of  the  countrey,  and  that  is, 
for  my  not  sending  a  letter,  which  was  by  them  written  in  an- 
swere  to  his  Majesties  letter  touching  the  Tobacco  contract ;  a 
true  copy  whereof  Mr.  Kemp  sent  to  Mr.  Secretary  Windebank, 
but  the  originall  I  thought  fitt  to  keepe,  both  for  their  owne  good 
and  his  Majesties  service  ;  doubting  that  as  his  Majestie  would 
therein  finde  cause  to  mislike  the  matter  it  being  in  effect  a  de- 
niall  of  his  Majesties  proposition ;  so  he  would  not  take  well  the 
manner  thereof,  that  they  should  make  it  a  popular  business,  by 
subscribing  a  multitude  of  hands  thereto,  as  thinking  thereby  to 
give  it  countenance. 

4.  Mathewes  hath  particular  quarrells  to  mee,  for  that  I  have 
endeavoured  to  obey  his  Majesties  command  in  assisting  Captaine 


DECLARATION   OF  SIR    JOHN    HARVEY.  429 

Yonge,  whom  Mathewes  opposed  for  no  other  cause  then  for  that 
he  came  not  to  present  his  service  to  him  and  sought  not  his 
favour :  And  thereupon  he  tould  mee,  before  divers  persons  that 
such  condissions  as  Captaine  Yonges  would  breed  bad  blood  in 
Virginia.  And  for  that  I  laboured  to  performe  your  Lordshipps 
comands  in  restrayning  Constable  a  Dutchman  from  trading  for 
Tobacco,  which  your  Lordshipps  expresly  comaunded  mee ;  but 
Constable  was  a  favorite  of  his,  and  by  him  patronized,  and  this 
gave  him  no  small  offence.  And  of  both  these  I  formerly  com- 
playned  to  your  Lordshipps. 

5.  Utye  hath  a  quarrell  to  me,  for  that  I  have  called  often 
upon  him  to  give  an  account  of  a  great  stock  of  Cattell  which 
belong  to  his  Majestic  since  the  dissolution  of  the  Company; 
which  Cattell  he  hath  kept  ever  since,  without  giving  any  account 
of  them  ;  except  it  be  to  Sir  John  Wolstenholme,  who  hath 
written  unto  him  touching  the  same,  and  expects  to  have  them 
when  he  getts  the  Virginia  Company  renewed. 

6.  Clayborne  hath  his  quarrells  to  mee  for  that  I  endeavoured 
to  discover  his  practice  with  the  Indians  against  the  Lord  Balte- 
more's  plantation  in  Maryland.  And  for  that  I  sent  a  warrant 
to  take  the  papers  which  belonged  to  the  Secretaries  place  out 
of  his  hand;  when  his  Majestic  sent  Mr.  Kemp  over  to  be  Sec- 
retary, which  he  refused  to  deliver;  and  putting  the  warrant  in 
his  pockett,  went  out  of  the  Colony  of  Virginia,  and  hath  absented 
himself  thence  ever  since. 

7.  Pearce  is  discontented  for  that  I  comitted  one  Walker  (the 
Master  of  a  shipp  wherein  he  is  a  partner)  for  his  saucy  beha- 
viour before  mee  ai>d  the  Councell  of  Virginia. 

8.  John  Pott  retaines  an  old  grudge,  for  that  at  my  first  coming 
to  be  governor  of  Virginia,  I  was  the  meanes  of  displacing  him 
from  the  government ;  who,  therein  had  behaved  himself  so  ill, 
as  that  he  came  very  shortly  after  to  be  arraigned  and  condemned 
for  felonie  comitted  when  he  supplyed  the  place  of  governor  and 
in  truth  I  must  confesse  I  deserve  some  blame,  for  that  I  was  a 
sutor  to  his  Majestic  for  his  pardon,  which  thereupon  was  given 
him. 

9.  Francis  Pott  brother  of  John  Pott,  was  by  mee  made  Cap- 
taine of  the  Fort  at  Point  Comfort  and  after,  for  his  misbehaviour, 
displayed;  whereof  he  still  retaynes  the  memory. 


430  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

lo.  Sir  John  Wolstenholme  appeared  to  be  angry  with  mee 
when  he  wrote  about  foure  yeares  since  to  one  Tucker  (then  one 
of  the  councell  in  Virginia)  that  Sir  John  Harvey  stunke  in  court 
and  citty  ;  which  letter  was  there  published  to  my  no  little  dis- 
grace. And  all  the  cause  of  offence  that  I  know  was  ever  by  mee 
given  him  was,  for  that  I  gave  to  the  late  Lord  Treasurer  a  larger 
amount  of  the  affaires  of  Virginia,  then  I  did  to  him. 

These  things  being  thus  as  I  am  ready  to  prove,  I  humbly 
leave  the  consideration  thereof  to  your  Lordshipps  judgments, 
who  are  best  able  to  judge  of  these  insolencies,  and  of  the  dan- 
gerous consequences  thereof.  And  do  humbly  beseech  your 
Lordshipps  that  you  will  be  pleased  by  your  wisdomes  to  give 
some  timely  remedy,  that  his  Majesties  subjects  there,  may  be 
reduced  to  their  obedience,  the  offenders  receive  condigne  pun- 
ishment, and  I  who  have  suffered  so  much  in  the  execution  of 
his  Majesties  comandments  may  be  repayred  in  my  reputation  and 
otherwise,  as  to  his  Majestie  and  your  Lordshipps  wisdomes  shall 
seem  best. 

And  he  shall  daily  pray,  &c. 


Petition  and  Proposals  Respecting  Nathaniel  Bacon. 

To  the  Kings  most  Excellent  Ma' tie 

The  Humble  Petition  of  Tho:  Bacon,^ 

Sheweth: 

That  yo'  Pet'  is  the  sad  ffaiher  of  Nathaniell  Bacon  his  only 
son  now  in  Virginia,  who  hath  been  unhapyly  prevailed  with  by 
the  Importunity  of  his  distressed  Neighboures  to  lead  them  forth 
agst:  theire  cruell  and  p'fideous  Enemys  the  Indians  who  had 
now  murdered  divers  of  his  family  as  well  as  others  that  lay 
neare  to  them  &  who  had  heertofore  destroyed  the  whole  collony 


*This  petition  is  included  in  the  records  of  the  British  State  Pai>er 
Office.  A  copy  of  it  is  now  among  the  Winder  Papers  preserved  in  the 
Slate  Library  of  Virginia.    The  original  is  undated. 


PETITION   OF   NATHANIEL     BACON'S    FATHER.  431 

all  but  about  five  hundred  p'sons  by  reason  of  the  credulity  & 
security  in  which  they  were  betrayed,  But  for  as  much  as  yo' 
Pet"  son  &  those  with  him  presumed  to  preserve  themselves 
without  the  commission  of  yo'  Ma***"  Governour,  finding  the  Pro- 
tection Provided  for  by  him  &  his  Counsell  in  noe  way  able  to 
defend  them  from  the  dayly  Ircutions  &  murders  w"""  every  day 
destroyed  them  In  Contempt  of  those  forts  &  oppositions  w"** 
were  easily  evaded;  yo'  Pet"  son  hath  by  his  compassion  & 
assistance  incurd  as  ^reat  a  danger  to  himself  being  hereby  be- 
come obnoxious  to  the  Letter  of  the  Law  by  adventuring  upon 
soe  publick  a  good  without  the  allowance  of  the  Governour; 
without  which  yo'  Pet"  son  refused  to  act  further,  haveing  been 
Indemnified  for  what  allready  past.  But  in  persuance  of  the 
Governours  order  to  keep  the  people  Quiet  hee  was  enforced  to 
accompany  them  not  being  able  to  restraigne  or  perswade  them 
from  comeing  doune  to  press  Governour  &  Assembly  with  much 
Earnesness  to  grant  his  Commission;  w*"*  they  not  only  thought 
fitt  to  doe  but  to  make  the  Inclosed  Address  to  yo'  Ma***  tending 
to  the  vindication  or  at  least  the  Extenuation  of  what  yo'  Pe*" 
son  hath  done  or  suffered  on  this  occation. 

Yo'  Pe*'  therefor  being  under  an  Apprehention  &  feare  of  the 
Exteremities  of  yo'  Ma**"  displeasure  &  Justice  against  yo'  Pe*" 
said  son,  humbly  Implores  yo'  Ma*'*"  Mercy,  beseeching  you  not 
to  cast  him  into  dispaire  by  exempting  him  from  yo'  fforgiveness 
as  one  that  maliciously  &  irayterously,  or  for  evell  ends  of  his 
owne  had  conspired  ag"  &  subverted  yo'  Ma****  Royall  authority, 
which  yo'  Pe*'  is  well  assured  by  his  said  sons  Protestions  & 
other  good  Testimonys  hee  utterly  abhores  as  upon  Inquisetion 
will  appeare,  yf  yo'  Ma***  shall  be  graciously  pleased  to  admitt 
his  serious  repentance  in  what  hee  hath  offended  &  the  Manifes- 
tation of  his  Innocent  Intentions,  &  actings  in  every  perticular, 
but  the  weakness  of  being  over  persuaded  to  lead  the  people 
ag**  there  enemies  upon  the  Grounds  w*"  are  more  largely  set 
forth  in  the  paper  hereunto  annexed. 


And  yo"^  Pe*'  (as  in  duty  bound) 
shall  ever  pray  &c.  @. 


432  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


Proposals  for  Reduction  of  Bacon. 

[Major  General  Robert  Smith,  of  "Brandon,"  Middlesex  Co.,  Vir- 
ginia, was  a  member  of  the  council  in  1663  (,Hening  II,  201),  and  pro- 
bably had  been  appointed  at  the  Restoration.  He  is  termed  "  Major 
General "  in  i66b(Hening  II,  225),  was  a  member  of  the  council,  May, 
1680  and  May,  1683,  though  at  the  former  date  he  is  styled  **  Colonel 
Robert  Smith."  In  May,  1682,  he,  by  command  of  the  governor,  com- 
mitted to  prison  on  board  a  ship.  Major  Robert  Beverley,  who  was 
charged  with  inciting  plant  cutting.  In  this  instance  he  is  again  called 
**  Major  General  Robert  Smith,"  and  in  a  letter  to  the  captain  of  the 
vessel,  communicating  the  governor's  order  that  all  letters  written  by 
Beverley  shall  be  read  by  him  (Smith)  he  says:  "I  would  desire  you 
to  shew  this  order  to  Major  Beverley  that  he  may  prevent  my  looking 
into  any  of  his  letters,  which  I  desire  not  to  doe."  Doubtless  the  part 
of  spy  over  an  old  neighbor  was  not  an  agreeable  one. 

As  is  stated  in  a  note  elsewhere  in  this  issue,  there  is  reason  to  believe 
that  his  wife,  Elizabeth,  was  the  widow  of  Sir  Thomas  Lunsford,  and 
before,  the  widow  or  daughter  of  Richard  Kemp.  There  is  recorded 
in  Middlesex  a  deed  dated  4th  September,  1684,  from  **  Robert  Smith, 
of  Brandon,  in  the  county  of  Middlesex,  Virginia,  at  the  present  resi- 
dent in  the  city  of  London,  conveying  to  Gawin  Corbin  and  Roger 
Borough,  of  said  city,  his  plantation  called  The  Grange,  in  Middlesex 
county.'*  And  also  in  Middlesex  a  bond  dated  2d  of  Dec.  1684,  from 
Robert  Smith  to  Gawin  Corbin,  of  Grace  Church  Street,  London,  and 
Roger  Borough,  of  London,  for  goods  shipped  to  the  said  Robert 
Smith,  of  Brandon,  Esq..  and  consigned  to  his  son  Mr.  Robert  Smith, 
in  Virginia,  since  the  father's  coming  to  England.  The  original  will  of 
"  Robert  Smith,  Sr.,  of  the  county  of  Middlesex,  Esq  ,"is  preserved  at 
Middlesex,  dated  May  8,  1683,  proved  July  4, 1687,  by  which  he  gives 
his  whole  estate  to  his  son  and  heir,  Robert  Smith,  Jr.  Witnesses: 
Ann  Skipwith,  Matthew  Kemp,  and  Mary  Michael.  It  bears  an  armorial 
seal,  much  defaced,  which  appears  to  bear  two  leopard's  heads,  perhaps 
the  same  as  the  arms  of  "Smith,  of  Derbyshire;"  but  in  a  deed 
among  the  Ludwell  papers  his  seal  is  perfectly  preserved,  and  in  this 
instance  is  identical  with  the  arms  of  '*  Smith,  of  Duffield,  Derbyshire." 
Robert  Smith,  Jr.,  left,  apparently,  an  only  daughter,  Elizabeth,  who 
married  Captain  Harry  Beverley,  third  son  of  Major  Robert  Beverley. 
In  Middlesex,  January,  1702,  Harry  Beverley,  Gent,  and  Elizabeth  his 
wife,  daughter  of  Robert  Smith,  Gent.,  deceased,  petitioned  the  court 
setting  forth  that  the  said  Robert  Smith  died  testate  (his  will  is  not  of 
record  in  Middlesex),  and  appointed  Ralph  Wormeley.  Esq.,  and  Col. 
John  Armistead,  his  executors,  both  of  whom  were  since  dead.    Harry 


PROPOSALS  FOR  REDUCTION  OF  BACON.        433 

and  Elizabeth  Beverley  have  many  descendants  in  the  names  of  Robin- 
son, Chew,  Stanard,  Hooe,  Kenner,  and  others.] 

Proposalls  most  humbly  offered  to  his  most  sacred  Ma**'  by  Tho: 
Ludwell  and  Rob'  Smith  for  the  Reducing  the  Rebells  in 
Virginia  to  their  obedience. 

It  being  evidently  true  that  that  colloney  hath  alwayes  (and  in 
the  worst  times)  been  eminently  Loyall  to  the  crowne  of  England, 
wee  cannot  beleeve  that  the  p'sent  disorders  have  theire  begin- 
ning from  any  disaffection  to  your  Ma"*  or  your  Governm'  either 
here  or  there  or  that  the  infection  hath  seized  on  any  of  the  bet- 
ter or  more  industrious  sort  of  people,  but  from  the  poverty  and 
uneasyness  of  some  of  the  meanest  whose  discontents  render 
them  easyer  to  be  misledd,  and  as  wee  doe  truly  beleeve  this  to 
be  the  sole  cause  and  foundation  of  these  troubles  soe  wee  are 
confident  that  upon  the  first  appearance  of  yo'  Ma"**  resentm*  of 
their  disobedience  and  your  Royall  comands  on  all  yo'  subjects 
there  to  retourne  to  that  duty  they  owe  to  your  Ma"*  there  will 
be  a  speedy  seperation  of  the  sound  parts  from  the  rabble,  and 
many  of  those  who  now  follow  Bacon  out  of  opinion  that  they 
doe  yo'  Ma"*  and  the  Country  service  against  the  Indians,  will 
quit  the  party  when  they  shall  understand  it  to  be  rebellion,  and 
the  heads  of  those  who  atl  this  time  abhorr  the  p'sent  defection 
will  be  strengthened  by  yo'  Ma"**  resolucon  of  vindicateing  yo' 
Royall  authority,  and  punishing  y*  principal  offendsrs  ag'  it,  to 
effect  w***,  there  is  (in  our  opinion)  but  one  of  two  wayes  to  be 
taken,  that  is,  either  by  such  a  force  from  hence  as  may  be 
superiour  to  what  can  be  there  brought  ag'  it;  or  by  a  smaller 
number  of  men,  such  as  may  (if  occasion  require)  assist  those 
who  shall  be  found  reddy  to  obey  yo'  Royall  comands  in  the 
suppression  of  those  who  shall  be  obstinatly  rebellious,  for  the 
first,  as  it  will  be  an  excessive  charge  to  yo"  Ma"*  to  transport  and 
mainetaine  soe  great  a  number  of  souldiers  as  may  alone  reduce 
those  rebells,  soe  the  proceeding  soe  directly  by  open  force,  may 
drive  many  (who  otherwise  would  come  in  upon  promise  of  par- 
don) to  despaire  of  any  safety  but  in  their  weapons  and  may 
make  theire  reducement  much  more  difficult,  to  the  ruine  of  that 
collony;  nor  (as  wee  humbly  conceave)  can  there  (at  this  dis- 
tance) be  soe  just  measures  taken  of  the  numbers  necessary  to 
suppresse  this  rebellion,  till  theire  strength  be  better  known,  w*^ 


434  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

possibly  may  be  by  a  ship  now  arrived  whose  letters  are  not  yet 
come  to  London,  But  we  being  Cfrom  our  long  experience  of  the 
country)  of  the  opinion,  that  the  milder  way  will  bee  the  best 
to  beginn  w*^  wee  doe  most  humbly  propose  these  ffollowing 
perticulars  to  yo'  Ma**"  Royall  consideracon. 

First.  Whether  it  will  not  be  more  for  your  Ma****  service  that 
yo'  Royall  authority  be  insiifyed  in  the  in  the  person  of  S'  Wm. 
Berkley  before  his  remooval  from  the  GovernmS  least  upon  any 
dislike  of  a  future  Gover'  y*  people  may  beleeve  they  have  noe 
more  to  doe  but  to  mutiny  and  be  rid  of  him  and  whether  as 
your  Ma"*  receaved  that  rebellious  affront  in  his  person  it  will 
not  be  best  to  keep  him  in  till  the  rebells  are  subdued  to  w**  the 
affection  of  all  the  best  men  in  the  country  to  him  wil  bee  of 
great  use  and  the  confidence  the  Indians  have  in  his  word  will 
(wee  doubt  not),  bring  over  many  to  the  English  party  who  hav^e 
been  driven  from  it  by  Bacon.  2*^  that  the  frigat  may  proceed 
directly  to  James  Towne  w'**  soe  many  men  as  if  occasion  require) 
shee  may  land  200,  and  in  her  2  or  more  comiss"  (such  if  possi- 
ble as  have  had  knowledge  of  that  plantacon)  to  enquire  into 
the  causes  and  Grounds  of  these  disorders,  w**"  comand  to  the 
Gover'  (after  publication  of  yo'  Royall  proclamacon)  to  call  an 
assembly,  w***  comand  signed  by  himselfe  and  your  Ma***  com- 
iss"  to  all  persons  who  may  be  thought  conserned  in  the  matters 
to  be  enquired  into,  to  repaire  to  that  assembly  at  James  Towne 
upon  payn  of  Rebellion  whither  if  Bacon  comes  not  he  will  ap- 
peare  a  rebell  directly  ag'  your  Ma"*  and  will  certainly  be  followed 
by  too  few  to  protect  him  how  ever  there  may  be  a  lattitude  left 
in  yo'  Ma"**  instruccons  to  the  Govr'  and  yo"^  comiss"  to  act  here- 
in as  they  shall  find  most  expedient  for  yo'  Ma"**  service  upon  the 
place  whether  if  Bacon  shall  still  obstinately  persist  in  his  rebel- 
lion, it  may  not  be  best  by  some  Indian  messenger  to  be  sent 
from  those  who  are  yet  in  peace,  to  let  those  nations  (w***  he  hath 
soe  barbarously  used,  know  y^  he  was  at  that  time  and  still  is  a 
rebell  and  that  if  they  shal  bee  assistant  in  the  taking  or  killing 
him  they  shall  have  peace  or  good  tearmes  w**^  may  much  con- 
duce to  the  security  of  the  country  from  both  the  Indians  and 
its  intestine  broyles  by  assureing  them  that  the  murders  by  him 
comitted  on  them  were  not  by  your  Maties  comand  and  that  if 
they  bring  him  in  they  shall  see  him  executed. 


PROPOSALS  FOR  REDUCTION  OF  BACON.        435 

4**^  whither  it  may  not  be  necessary  for  the  p'vention  of  such 
further  mischeifs  as  Bacon  and  his  wicked  assistants  may  act 
upon  intelligence  of  your  Ma**"  displeasure  ag'  him  and  them 
and  the  provision  w°**  is  makeing  here  for  theire  reducem\  that 
not  only  what  shal  bee  resolved  on  be  kept  private,  but  because 
your  Ma"**  preparacons  cannot  be  concealed,  that  course  be 
taken  here  by  stoppage  of  shipps  till  the  frigat  sayles  to  p'vnt 
and  advice  of  the  same. 

5*'  Whether  it  will  not  be  necessary  to  signify  your  Royall 
pleasure  to  the  lord  proprietor  of  Maryland  that  he  forthw"*  send 
a  comand  to  his  officers  there  not  to  admitt  of  or  receave  any 
of  the  inhabitants  of  Virg'  into  his  province  dureing  these 
troubles,  least  some  to  avoyd  the  p'sent  charge  of  the  warr  and 
others  to  avoyd  the  other  inconveniences  of  it  may  remove  soe 
many  as  to  leave  the  remainder  unable  to  defend  the  country  ag* 
both  the  Indians  and  the  rebells  and  whether  it  may  not  be 
necessary  to  require  the  assistance  of  Maryland  in  case  of  neces- 
sity, and  if  that  be  not  sufficient  then  to  prohibit  all  Trade  and 
to  keep  2  small  frigatts  to  p'vent  y*  same  w*""  will  soon  reduce 
them,  lastly  wee  most  humbly  offer  to  your  Royall  considera- 
con  as  the  most  effectuall  to  reduce  that  collony  to  a  lasting 
obedience  that  those  graunts  w"*"  have  and  still  doe  soe  much 
disturb  theire  mindes  may  be  taken  in  and  theire  just  priveledges 
and  properties  setled  for  the  future  on  a  sollid  foundacon  the 
feare  of  forfeiting  w****  would  keep  them  in  perpetual  awe. 

These  consideracons  we  most  humbly  lay  at  your  Ma""  feet 
beseeching  yo'  Ma"*  to  beleeve  that  if  any  part  of  them  shall  be 
offensive  to  you  wee  are  most  heartyly  sorry  our  zeal  to  yo' 
Ma"^  service  and  the  peace  of  country  hath  for  want  of  judgment 
in  us  been  misledd  and  humbly  begg  yo^  Royall  pardon  for  the 
same. 

[signed]  Tho:  Ludwell, 

**  Robt:  Smith. 

[Indorsed.] 

Proposalls  to  be  humbly  offered  to  his  Ma"*  for  the  reduce- 
ment  of  the  Rebells  in  Virg'. 


436  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


Abstracts  of  Virginia  Land  Patents. 
Prepared  by  W.  G.  Stanard. 


[Note  to  No.  46  Concluded.] 

58  Dr.  Thomas  Augustine,^*  surgeon  U.  S.  A.  i794-'96.  and  after- 
wards a  distinguished  physician  in  Tennessee,  married  Mary  T.  Lewis, 
of  Nashville,  Tenn. 

Children:  117.  Ferdinand*;  118.  Lieutenant  Micajah  Lewis",  U.  S. 
N.;  119.     Mary'^ 

60.  Nathaniel  Herbert,"  born  in  Sussex  county,  Nov.  14,  1777. 
died  in  Franklin  county,  Virginia,  August  15,  1859,  served  many  years 
in  both  branches  of  the  Legislature,  was  a  member  of  the  Council  during 
the  war  of  i8r2  ;  M.  C  1825-1837,  and  author  of  "  Notes  on  the  War  in 
the  South"  (Rd.  1819).  He  married,  in  1815.  Elizabeth  Archer  Binford. 
of  Goochland  county. 

Children:  120.  Ferdinand  L.,*®  married  Emily  Taliaferro,  and  d  s.p., 
in  Baltimore,  1862  ;  121.  Susan  M.,*®  married  Geo.  W.  Wilson,  of  Bote- 
tourt county;  122.  Nathaniel  C,*°  was  for  several  sessions  in  the  Vir- 
ginia Legislature  from  Franklin  county,  and  a  member  of  the  Conven- 
tion of  1850-51 ;  in  1856  removed  to  Mo.,  where  he  became  a  prominent 
lawyer,  and  was  for  some  years  in  the  Legislature  of  that  state ;  mar- 
ried Mildred  Kyle  Morris,  of  Buckingham  county,  and  had  a  son  and 
two  daughters  ;  123.  Mary,**  married  Thos.  Wilson,  of  Botetourt ;  124. 
William,**  served  in  C.  S  A.,  and  was  badly  wounded  in  the  head  ;  died 
s.  p,\  125.  Betty  Herbert,**  married  James  Otey,  of  Bedford  county; 
126.  Ann,'**  married  James  Wilson;  126.  Thomas  B.,**  judge  of  the 
county  court  of  Franklin  1874,  &c. ;  married  (I)  Fanny  French,  of  Gooch- 
land, (II)  Anne  Bradley  ;  127.  Catherine  D.,**  married  Frank  Frederick, 
of  South  Carolina ;  128.  James  R.,**  Major  37th  Virginia  Cavalry.CS.  A.; 
afterwards  removed  to  St.  Louis,  and  was  for  two  terms  member  of  the 
Senate  of  that  State;  129.  Josephine,  H.  C,  married  Capt.  Giles  W. 
B   Hale.  C.  S.  A. 

62.  William  Burnet"  Browne  (nee  Claiborne),  assumed  the  name 
Browne,  under  an  act  of  the  Virginia  Legislature  of  .  He  mar- 
ried (I)  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  W.  Claiborne  (and  had  no  issue),  (II) 
Miss  Booth,  of  Gloucester  county. 

Children  (2d  marriage):  130.  Herbert;**  131.  Marcellus;"  132.  Wil- 
liam Burnet;**  Martha.** 

63.  Herbert  Augustine."  born  March  6,  1784,  at  "  Chestnut  Grove,*' 
New  Kent,  died  in  Richmond  City,  August  5,  184 1.    He  married  Delia, 


ABSTRACTS  OF  VIRGINIA   LAND   PATENTS.  437 

daughter  of  James  Hayes  (publisher  of  the  "Virginia  Gazette  and 
American  Advertiser"),  and  of  his  wife  Anne  Dent  Black,  daughter  of 
a  Scotch  merchant,  William  Black,  of  "  Falls  Plantation  "  (called  by 
him  ''Aberdeen  "),  in  Chesterfield. 

Children :  133.  Herbert  Augustine,*  of  Richmond,  married  (I)  Mari- 
anna,  daughter  of  Rev.  Jno.  McGuire,  (II)  Cassie  Hall,  (III)  Kate, 
daughter  of  Col.  Coalter  Cabell,  C.  S.  A.,  of  Richmond  ;  134.  John 
Hayes.''*  of  Richmond,  Major  C.  S.  A.,  married  (I)  Virginia,  daughter  of 
Geo.  Washington  Bassett,  of  Hanover  county,  (II)  Heningham  Blair, 
of  Richmond  (and  had  issue  by  first  marriage :  Herbert  Washington,** 
Delia,"  married  Simon  B.  Buckner,  Lieutenant-General  C.  S.  A.,  and 
governor  of  Kentucky;  and  Landon  Carter;"  and  by  second  marriage: 
Louisa  Wills,"  Ellen  Blair,"  and  Walter  Blair") ;  135.  Dr.  James  Wil- 
liam,* married  Fanny ,  (and  had  Mary  Burnet");  136     Howard,* 

married  Lucy  Perry  (and  had  Howard"  and  Perry");  137.  Mary 
Burnet.* 

Sterling'*  Claiborne,  clerk  of  Amherst  county;  married  Jane 
Maria,  daughter  of  Charles  Rose,  of  "  Geddes,"  (a  grandson  of  Rev. 
Robt.  Rose). 

Children:  138.  William  Sterling;^  139.  Charles  Buller ;'^  140. 
Martha,*  born  1813,  married  Joseph  K.  Irving  (and  had:  a  Mary  mar- 
ried Thomas  Whitehead;  b,  Mildred  married  Dr.  Robt.  Coleman,  of 
Richmond ;  c.  Martha  Jane  married  Taylor  Berry,  State  Senator  from 
Amherst). 

88.  Rev.  Gregory"  Claiborne,  of  "  Roslin,"  married  Mary  E. 
Weldon. 

Children:  141.  Weldon,*  C.  S.  N.,  died  186-;  142.  Augusta,* married 
John  G.  Thomas,  of  Louisburg,  N  C;  143.  Anna.*  married  Col. 
Daniel  Gregory  Butts,  of  Petersburg ;  144.  John  Herbert*^, 

loi.  Leonard*  Claiborne,  of  Pittsylvania  county  ;  born  1791,  died 
1858;  married  in  1819,  Letitia  W.,  daughter  of  Col.  Wm.  Clark,  of  Pitt- 
sylvania county. 

Children:  145.  William  Clarke;"  146.  Richard,"  died  unmarried  in 
1845 ;  147.  David  Augustine,"  of  Wolf  Trap,  Halifax  county,  Captain 
C.  S.  A.,  married  Elvira  Cabell,  daughter  of  Wm.  H.  Clark,  of  Halifax 
county;  (and  had  issue:  a.  David  A.  Jr„"died  1869;  b.  Leonard,"  Elvira 
Patrick."  married  Philip  Brine,  of  England;  d.  Maurice");  148.  John," 
married  Jane  A.  Stone  and  died  in  1856;  149.  James  Leonard,**  died 
unmarried,  1853 ;  150.  Livingston,"  married  Lizzie  L.  Hairston;  151. 
Felex  Grundy,"  C.  S.  A.,  married  Elizabeth  C  Palmer ;  152.  Thomas 
Doddridge,"  entered  C.  S.  A.,  as  captain  of  the  Danville  Grays,  served 
with  distinguished  gallantry,  and  was  promoted  lieutenant-colonel  of 
the  Seventh  Virginia  Regiment;  wounded  in  action  in  Nottoway  county 
June  23d,  1864,  and  died  from  the  effects  on  December  29  of  the  same 


438  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

year.  He  was  unmarried  ;  153.  Ellen  Aubrey,"  married  John  Carring- 
ton,  of  Louisville,  Ky.;  154.  Mary  Jane,"  married  Sterling  E.  Edmunds, 
and  died  in  1876;  155.  Letitia  C,  married  John  Redd  Smith,  and  died 
in  1879;  15^'  Eliza,  married  Dr.  S.  D.  Drewry. 

102.  John  Francis  Hamtramck**  Claiborne,  born  at  Natchez,  Miss., 
April  24,  1809,  died  there  May  17,  1884;  was  member  of  the  Tennessee 
Legislature,  and  was  M.  C.  in  1835-38;  became  an  editor  in  Natchez  in 
1838,  and  at  New  Orleans  in  1844.  Besides  many  magazine  articles  he 
was  author  of  lives  of  General  John  Quitman  and  General  Samuel 
Dale,  and  of  a  history  of  Mississippi.  He  finally  returned  to  Tennessee 
and  lived  on  his  plantation  "  Dunbarton,"  near  Natchez.  He  married 
Martha  Dunbar,  of  *'  Dunbarton." 

Children:  157.  Major  Wm.  Herbert,*  died  unmarried;  158.  Anne." 
married  Clarence  Pell,  of  New  York ;  159.  Martha,  married  Henry  A. 
Garrett,  of  Tensas  Parish,  La. 

138.  William  Sterling*®  Claiborne,  born  1809,  married  Cornelia 
Roane. 

Children :  160.  William  R.,'*  married  Alice  Clay  (and  had  issue:  Ster- 
ling," Thomas,»  Charies,"  Mary**);  161.  Sterling  Buller,«  born  1848. 
married  (I)  Annie  Boiling,  (II)  Mary  Haynes,  (and  had  issue  by  the  first 
marriage:  Cornelia,** Jane,"  Roy**  and  Herbert**);  162.  Robert  Roane," 
born  1856;  163.  Martha,**  married  Thomas  Wilcox,  of  Wilcox's  Wharf, 
Charles  City  county. 

139.  Charles  Buller*"  Claiborne,  born  1811,  married  Sallie  O., 
daughter  of  Henry  Coleman,  of  Caroline  county. 

Children:  164.  George  Mason,'*  born  1853,  married  Nannie  B.  Eu- 
bank, of  Amherst  county,  (and  had  issue:  Charles  Buller,**  born  1884; 
Fannie  W.,  born  1885,  Sallie  Coleman,  born  1889,  and  Nannie  Mason, 
born  1893);  165.  Jennie  Rose,**  married  Eugene  M.  Redd,  of  Hanover 
county. 

144.  John  Herbert*  Claiborne,  M.  D.,  of  Petersburg,  Va.,  born  in 
Brunswick  county,  March  16,  1828,  and  settled  in  Petersburg  in  1851, 
where  he  has  long  been  a  leading  physician ;  was  in  1857,  member  of 
the  State  Senate,  and  during  the  late  war  was  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.  He 
has  published  many  articles  in  medical  journals,  and  a  volume  of  "  Clin- 
ical Reports  from  Private  Practice."  He  married  (I)  Sarah  Joseph  Al- 
ston, and  (II)  Anne  Leslie  Watson. 

Children,  (first  marriage) :  i66.  Dr.  John  H.,**  of  New  York  City ; 
167.  Maria  Louisa,**  married  Herbert  W.  Page,  of  "  Pagebrook," 
Clarke  county;  168.  Anna  Augusta,'*  married  Dr.  Philip  Howell  Light- 
foot,  of  Port  Royal,  Virginia;  169.  Sarah  Joseph  Alston,*^  married 
William  B.  Mcllwaine,  of  Petersburg;  170.  Eliza  Weldon,'*  married 
Bernard  Mann,  of  Petersburg. 

Addenda,  &c.    All  of  the  children  of  Herbert"  Claiborne  (except 


ABSTRACTS   OF   VIRGINIA   LAND    PATENTS.  439 

his  first  daughter)  were  children  of  his  second  marriage  with  Mary 
Browne. 

William  Burnet  Browne,  of  "  Elsing  Green,"  King  William  county, 
and  before  of  Salem,  Mass.,  married  Judith,  daughter  of  Charles  Car- 
ter, of  "  Cleve,"  King  George  county,  Virginia,  and  purchased  an  estate 
in  Virginia  to  which  he  moved.  In  one  of  the  rooms  of  the  "  Elsing 
Green"  house  was  a  set  of  Gobelin  tapestry  hangings,  which  had  been 
presented  to  Bishop  Burnet  by  William  of  Orange.  Another  relic  of 
the  Bishop,  an  inlaid  box  in  which  his  sermons  were  kept,  is  in  the  pos- 
session of  a  descendant  in  this  city.  There  was  also  at  "  Elsing  Green" 
many  fine  family  portraits,  among  them  a  copy,  by  Mathias,  of  Hol- 
bein's portrait  of  Sir  Anthony  Browne,  Viscount  Montacute.  The  late 
Colonel  Sherwin  McRae,  who  resided  in  King  William  in  early  life, 
spoke  to  the  writer  of  the  number  of  portraits  he  remembered  seeing 
at  the  house,  and  particularly  mentioned  a  fine  portrait  of  Bishop 
Burnet. 

The  following  corrections  should  be  made  in  the  last  number:  page 
314,  line  5  from  bottom,  for  ** Chichahominy"  read  "Charles";  page 
316,  line  17,  for  *'to"  read  "in";  page  316,  line  9  from  bottom,  for 
•*  Burwell  "  read  "  Burnell ";  page  323,  line  8  from  bottom,  for  "Stan- 
dard" read  "Stanard";  page  324,  line  2,  for  "Langhorn**  read 
**  Langborn  '* 

Thos.  Claiborne,  Jr.,  of  Tenn.,  (probably  a  son  of  Thomas*"  Clai- 
borne, M.  C.  from  that  State)  was  appointed  second  lieutenant.  Mounted 
Rifles,  May,  1846,  first  lieutenant,  February,  1847,  brevet  captain,  Octo- 
ber, 1847,  for  gallant  conduct  at  the  battle  of  Humantla,  captain,  Au- 
gust, 1853,  and  resigned,  May,  186  r,  to  enter  the  C.  S.  A. 

Matthew  M.  Claiborne,  Jr.,  of  Virginia,  was  commissioned  second 
lieutenant  Twelfth  U.  S.  Infantry,  April,  18 14. 

I  am  informed  that  Mr.  Small  wood  Thomson  was  not  a  son  of  Wm. 
Thomson,  by  his  marriage  with  Miss  Claiborne;  but  of  another  mar- 
riage. The  issue  of  the  first  was  Rev.  Herbert  Thomson,  who  freed 
his  slaves,  and  removed  to  the  northwest. 

Thomas*^  Claiborne,  son  of  Nat.  Claiborne,  of  "  Sweet  Hall,"  removed 
to  Norfolk,  and  there  married,  secondly,  in  1775,  Anne  Robinson.  He 
was  a  lawyer,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Norfolk  Committee  of  Safety, 
in  1775.  By  his  will,  dated  Oct.  5,  1775,  and  proved  Jan.  1778,  he 
directs  his  house  and  lot  in  Norfolk,  and  his  land  in  King  William  to  be 
sold,  and  the  proceeds  divided  between  his  children  Anna,  Nathaniel, 
Thomas,  William,  and  Geo.  Wythe ;  all  negroes,  household  furniture, 
stock,  books  (except  a  dozen),  &c.,  to  be  sold ;  and  together  all  debts 
due  him,  and  all  he  is  entitled  to  from  Wm.  Robinson's  estate  on  his 
last  marriage,  and  aH  other  estate,  to  be  divided  between  his  wife  Anne, 
and  his  children ;  nephew  Rich'd  Gregory,  who  lives  with  him,  is  to 
have  choice  of  a  dozen  of  his  law  books;  sons  are  to  be  educated  from 

6 


440  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

his  estate  even  if  it  takes  the  whole  of  their  principal,  and  at  the  age 
of  seventeen  are  to  be  put  to  some  suitable  business. 


(47)  Robert  Poole,  [i]  gent.,  300  acres  (as  his  first  dividend)  adjoin- 
ing the  land  of  Gilbert  Peppett,  and  extending  westerly  towards  "  the 
Church  there  erected  and  built,"  said  land  lying  on  the  river  between 
Colson's  Island  and  Cedar  Island ;  due  to  him,  100  acres  for  his  own 
personal  adventure,  and  the  other  200  for  the  personal  adventures  of 
his  father,  Robert  Poole,  deceased,  and  of  John  Poole,  his  brother,  de- 
ceased, and  now  due  to  him  as  their  next  heir — all  three  being  old 
planters,  who  came  into  the  country  in  the  Starr ^  with  Sir  Thomas 
Dale.     Granted  by  Yeardley,  Sept.  8,  1627. 

NOTE. 

Li]  One  of  these  Pooles  was  evidently  a  minister.  In  a  letter  from 
Sir  Thomas  Dale  (printed  in  Neill's  Virginia  Vetusta)  it  is  stated  that 
on  Sunday  May  19,  161 1,  the  day  after  his  arrival  at  Jamestown,  a  ser- 
mon was  preached  by  "  Mr.  Poole." 

Robert  Poole,  probably  the  younger,  was  an  interpreter  in  1619,  and  it 
was  doubtless  he  for  whom,  in  1629,  the  House  of  Burgesses  made  an 
appropriation  "  for  the  entertainment  of  Captain  Poole  '*  on  account  of 
a  wound  in  the  leg  *'  which  he  had  received  in  the  country's  service," 
doubtless  in  fight  with  the  Indians.  Henry  Poole  was  a  member  of  the 
House  of  Burgesses  from  Elizabeth  City  in  1647,  and  persons  of  the 
name  were  living  in  that  county  in  1690. 


(48)  Adam  Dixon  [i],  of  the  Corporation  [2]  of  James  City,  yeoman. 
200  acres  (as  his  first  dividend)  in  the  territories  of  Tappahannock  [3], 
a  mile  or  thereabouts  below  the  Upper  Choopakes  Creek,  over  against 
dancing  point  [4],  and  abutting  westerley  upon  the  land  assigned  to  the 
office  and  place  of  Treasurer,  and  northerly  upon  the  river;  due  to 
him  for  the  transportation  of  four  persons  into  the  Colony,  viz  :  himself 
the  said  Adam  Dixon,  Ann  his  wife,  Elizabeth  Dixon  his  daughter,  and 
John  Martin  his  servant,  who  all  came  in  the  Margaret  and  John  in 
1622.    Granted  by  Yeardley,  Sept.  8,  1627. 

notes 

[i]  Adam  Dixon,  who  came  in  the  Margaret  and  John,  was  living  at 
Pashbehays  in  1624.  {Hotten),  It  appears  from  Stith  that  he  had  been 
sent  over  by  the  company  as  a  master-calker  for  their  ships  and  boats. 

[2 J  At  this  period  the  "  Corporation  of  James  City,"  appears  to  have 
included  not  only  the  island,  but  Pashbehay  and  Harrop  (the  site  of  the 
present  Williamsburg)  on  the  north  side  of  the  river,  and  the  section 
styled  "over  the  water  "  on  the  south  side. 

[3]  Tappahannock  or  Toppohanna ,  on  the  south  side  of  the  river,  is 


ABSTRACTS  OF  VIRGINIA   LAND   PATENTS.  441 

frequently  referred  to  in  the  early  history s  and  records.  The  appearance 
of  the  same  Indian  names  in  different  sections  of  the  country  affords  a 
subject  for  curious  speculation.  The  various  **  poquosons  "  (the  word 
means  marsh  or  low  ground),  and  the  "  Tuckahoe  "  in  Virginia  and 
New  York  can  perhaps  be  accounted  for;  but  why  should  there  be  a 
"  Tappahannock  "  in  Surry  and  another  in  Essex,  and  a  "  Piccotoqua  *' 
in  Essex  and  in  New  Hampshire,  or  an  ''Appomattox  "  river  flowing 
into  the  James,  and  an  "Appomattox  "  creek  (now  called  Mattox)  into 
the  Potomac? 

[4]  Dancing  Point  is  still  a  well  known  place  on  the  James ;  but  it  is 
feared  that  the  pleasant  river  story  of  Mr.  Lightfoot  dancing  against 
the  devil,  who  had  promised,  if  outfooted,  to  change  a  marsh  into  dry 
ground,  "Must  go."  The  Lightfoots  didn't  come  to  "  Sandy  Point," 
or  even  to  Virginia  until  many  years  after  this. 


(49)  Robert  Wright  [i]  of  James  City,  old  planter;  12  acres  to  the 
eastward  of  James  City,  abutting  westward  upon  a  marsh  dividing 
said  land  from  that  lately  in  the  possession  of  Edward  Grindon  [2]. 
Said  land  to  be  accounted  as  part  of  his  personal  dividend  for  his  own 
personal  adventure.    Granted  by  Yeardly,  September  ist,  1627. 

NOTES. 

[i]  Robert  Wright,  with  his  wife  and  daughter,  were  living  at  Eliza- 
beth City  in  February,  1623.  In  the  census  of  i624-'5,  his  age  is  given 
as  45  years,  and  he  is  stated  to  have  come  in  the  Swan  in  1608.  With 
his  wife,  Joane,  and  two  children,  born  in  Virginia,  he  was  included 
in  Anthony  Bonall's  **  Muster"  in  Elizabeth  City.    (Hotlen,) 

[2]  In  1626  Edward  Grindon  was  included  in  a  list  Hotten,  as  own- 
ing 150  acres  at  Tappahanna  over  against  James  City,  which  he  had 
planted.  He  was  a  member  of  the  House  of  Burgesses  1625  (a  session 
which  is  not  noticed  by  Hening,  but  is  in  Sainsbury's  Abstracts  of 
English  Records,  now  in  the  Virginia  State  Library).  His  land  appears 
from  a  later  patent,  to  have  been  inherited  by  Thomas  Grendon,  or 
Grindon,  who  was  probably  a  brother  or  nephew.  The  latter  was  a 
London  merchant ;  but  resided  frequently  in  Virginia,  where  he  was  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Burgesses  for  "  Smyth's  Mount,  the  other  side 
of  the  water  and  Hog  Island,"  in  i632-'3. 

In  1649  h^  sol^  certain  land  in  James  City  county  which  had  been 
patented  by  Edward  Grendon  in  1620.  He  married  Elizabeth,  widow 
of  Thomas  Stegge,  Sr.,  of  Virginia  and  London,  and  left  a  son,  Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel Thomas  Grendon,  of  Westover  parish,  Charles  City  county, 
Virginia,  who  was  a  justice,  and  lieutenant-colonel  commanding  the 
horse,  in  that  county  in  1680  ( Virginia  Magazine  <5t*^.,  January,  1894,  page 
226).  He  married  Sarah,  widow  of  Colonel  Thomas  Stegge,  Jr.,  (Audi- 
tor-General of  Virginia),  and  died  at  sea  in  i684-'5,  without  issue.    His 


442  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL    MAGAZINE. 

will  dated  23d  February,  i683-'4,  and  proved  April  4,  1685.  has  been 
printed  in  Mr.  Waters'  Gleanings  {New  Eng.  H,  &  G,  Reg.  XL IV, 
94).  In  it  he  gives  his  wife  Sarah  ;f  i,5cx>  sterling  out  of  his  personal 
estate  in  Virginia,  as  if  necessary  for  money  due  him  in  England;  or 
;^8o  per  annum  out  of  the  yearly  rent  of  his  real  estate  in  Furtherly 
als.  Fartherly,  in  the  parish  of  Shenton,  county  of  Stafford,  England, 
and  in  Hidefield  in  the  said  county  Other  legatees  are  Wm.  Byrd,  Jr., 
of  Virginia ;  Cousin  Thomas  Jennings,  of  Lx^ndon,  merchant,  son  o  f 
Thomas  Jennings,  late  of  London,  distiller;  provided  said  Jennings 
paid  to  "  my  aunt,  his  mother,  Mrs.  Hannah  Archer,  now  wife  of  Cap- 
tain VVm.  Archer,  of  Charles  City,  Virginia,"  ^f  10  per  annum ;  friends  Mr. 
Robert  Coo,  of  London,  goldsmith ;  Mr.  Thomas  Gower,  of  Edmington, 
Mr.  Abell  Gowee,  of  Virginia,  Hon.  Wm.  Byrd,  Esq.,  Wm.  Randolph, 
of  Henrico  county,  Virginia ;  and  Mr.  Arthur  North  and  Mr.  John 
Harding,  of  London.  Mentions  leases  granted  March,  1656,  by  Wm. 
Lord  Stafford,  Henry  Earle,  of  Kingston  [Qu.  Earl  of  Kingston  ?],  John 
Earle,  of  Thanett  Island,  [Qu.  Earl  of  Thanett],  Wm.  Peirpoint,  Esq., 
&c.,  to  his  late  grandfather  Thomas  Grendon,  deceased. 

His  wife  appears  to  have  been  an  ardent  supporter  of  Bacon's  Rebel- 
lion, as  in  an  "  Act  of  Indemnitie  and  Pardon  "  passed  by  the  Assem- 
bly, February,  1676-7,  includes  among  the  exceptions  "Sarah  Grendon, 
the  wife  (and  now  the  attorney  of  Thomas  Grendon)  and  Edward 
Phelps  who  were  great  encouragers  and  assistors  in  the  late  horid 
rebellion  shall  have  no  other  benefitt  of  this  present  act,  but  are  and 
shal  be  lyable  to  suffer  and  pay  such  paines,  penalties  and  forfeitures 
not  extending  to  life  as  by  the  next  grand  assembly,  or  upon  a  legall 
tryall  before  the  right  honourable  the  governor  and  council  shal  be 
thought  fit  and  convenient."    {Hening  it,  j//.) 


(50)  John  Southerne  [i]  of  James  City,  Gent.,  24  acres  in  the  island 
of  James  City,  in  two  several  parcels  (viz)  12  acres  being  a  neck  of 
land  parted  by  a  marsh  from  the  land  of  Johnson,  bounded  northward 
by  the  back  river,  westward  by  a  marsh  called  Tucker's  hole,  and 
southward  by  the  highway  leading  to  black  point;  and  the  other  12 
acres  lying  near  the  former,  adjoining  southward  the  land  of  Mary,  wife 
of  Gabriel  Holland,  westward  the  land  of  John  Johnson,  and  near  the 
land  of  Thomas  Passmore  to  be  accounted  as  part  of  his  first  dividen  d, 
due  to  him  for  the  transportation  of  VVm.  Soane,  who  came  in  the  Georg 
in  16:? I.     Granted  by  Yeardley,  November  i,  1627. 

NOTES. 

[i]  John  Southerne  was  a  member  of  the  House  of  Burgesses  in 
1623,  and  again  for  James  City  county  in  1629-30.  In  1624-5  he  lived  at 
James  City,  and  is  stated  to  have  come  in  the  George  in  162 1  with  one 
servant  (Hotten).  Jane  Southerne,  aged  19,  left  London  for  Virginia  in 
the  Assurance,  July,  1635. 


ABSTRACTS   OF   VIRGINIA    LAND   PATENTS.  443 

(51)  Captain  Clement  Dilke  [i]  ;  100  acres  on  the  Eastern  shore 
in  the  precincts  of  the  plantation  of  Accomack,  abutting  northward  on 
the  main  river  of  that  plantation,  eastward  upon  Curtaile  Creek,  parting^ 
the  same  from  the  land  of  Hannah  Savage — as  his  first  dividend  due 
for  the  transportation  of  Elizabeth,  his  wife,  who  came  in  the  Georg 
in  1622.    Granted  by  Francis  West,  Dec.  12,  1627. 

NOTE. 

[i]  At  a  Quarter  Court  of  the  Virginia  Company,  May  4,  1623,  "a 
patent  was  ordered  to  be  drawn  up  against  the  next  quarter  court  for 
Mr.  Dilke  and  his  associates,  for  planting  one  hundred  persons  in  Vir- 
ginia at  their  own  charge,"  and  June  25,  1623,  a  patent  to  Clement  Dilke 
was  ordered  to  be  sealed  (."  Virginia  Company ^^^  II,  220,  &c).  He  was  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Burgesses,  1623-4.  One  would  conjecture  that 
this  Clement  Dilke  was  a  son  of  Sir  Thos.  Dilke,  of  Maxtoke  Castle, 
Warwickshire,  and  his  wife,  Ann,  daughter  of  Sir  Clement  Fisher,  of  Pack- 
ington ;  but  Burke  says  he  had  only  two  sons,  Thomas  and  Fisher  (who 
was  born  1598).  Burke,  however,  is  not  infallible,  and  a  further  exami- 
nation may  show  that  he  has  omitted  a  son. 


r 


[52]  Hannah  Savage  [i],  wife  of  Thomas  Savage,  of  Accomack, 

Gent.,  50  acres  on  the  Eastern  Shore  in  the  Plantation  of  Accomack, 

being  a  small  neck  of  land  abutting  northward  on  the  main  river,  where 

they  are  now  seated,  eastward  on  the  creek,  called  the  Long  Creek,  and 

westward  on  Curtaile  Creek,  dividing  same  from  the  land   of  Capt. 

Clement  Dilke.    Her  first  dividend  due  for  having  defrayed  the  charges 

of  her  own  transportation  into  this  country  in  the  Sea  Flower  with 

Captain  Ralph  Hamor  in  1621.      Granted   by   Francis  West,  Dec.  i, 

1627.   I 

J  notes. 

[i]  She  came  to  Virginia  in  1621,  married  first  Ensign  Thomas  Sav- 
age :  second  Daniel  Cugley. 

[2]  Thomas,  afterwards  Ensign  Thomas  Savage,  came  to  Virginia 
with  the  first  settlers  in  1607,  when  thirteen  years  old,  and  in  1608  was 
g:iven  to  Powhatan  by  Captain  Newport  in  exchange  for  an  Indian. 
He  remained  some  time  with  the  Indians  and  learnt  their  language,  so 
that  he  was  able  afterwards  to  render  much  service  to  the  colony  as  an 
interpreter.  Pory,  writing  in  1624,  says  that  he  had  **  with  much  hon- 
estie  and  successe  served  the  publique,  without  any  publique  recom- 
pense, yet  had  an  arrow  shot  through  his  body  in  their  service."  On 
one  occasion  when  at  Opechancanough's  town,  for  the  purpose  of 
securing  a  captive— Thomas  Graves — some  difficulty  arising,  Savage 
and  three  others  offered  to  fight  thirteen  of  the  Indians  at  once,  but  the 
latter  were  afraid  to  accept.  He  settled  on  the  Eastern  Shore,  where 
his  descendants  of  the  name  have  continued  to  the  present  day.    In 


444  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

the  census  of  1623-4  {Hotlen)  appears  ''Ancient  [Ensign]  Thomas  Sav- 
age his  name  to:  Thomas  Savage  in  the  John  and  Frances  1607,  Ann 
Savage  in  the  Sea  Flower  162 1,'*  and  two  servants.    He  was  dead  in 

1635.     He  married  Hannah ,  and  had  an  only  son,  Captain  John 

Savage,  of  "Savage's  Neck,"  Northampton,  born  1624;  burgess  for 
Northampton,  1666  to  1676;  married  first,  Ann  Elkington;  second, 
Mary,  daughter  of  Colonel  Obedience  Robins,  of  **  Cherrystone. " 

Captain  John  Savage  had  issue  by  his  first  marriage  with  Ann  Elking:- 
ton :  J,  Susannah  married  John  Kendall;  2,  Grace  married  George 
Corbin. 

Captain  John  Savage  had  issue  by  his  second  marriage  with  Mary 
Robins;  3,  Captain  Thomas,  of  "Savage's  Neck,"  married  Alicia  Har- 
monson ;  4,  Mary  died  unmarried ;  5,  John  appointed  justice  of  North- 
ampton, 1739;  6,  Elkington;  7,  Sarah. 

Captain  Thomas  and  Alicia  (Harmonson)  Savage  had  a  son  Thomas, 
of  Cherrystone,  who  married,  November  9,  1722,  Esther,  daughter  of 
Nathaniel  Littleton,  of  Northampton  county,  and  had  with  other  issue 
Nathaniel  Littleton  Savage,  member  of  the  Northampton  committee  of 
safety,  i774-'6;  of  the  convention  of  1776,  and  of  the  House  of  Dele- 
gates, 1776. 

Dorothy  Savage  and  John  Stringer  were  married  in  Hungar*s  parish, 
Northampton,  September  ist,  166 1  (Northampton  Records).  Griffith 
Savage  was  appointed  justice  of  Accomack,  1731.  Thomas  Littleton 
Savage  was  clerk  of  Accomack,  1774- 1804.  Thomas  Littleton  Savage, 
clerk  of  Northampton,  1801.  George  Savage,  member  of  Northampton 
committee  of  safety,  i774-'5  ;  of  the  convention  of  1776,  and  justice  of 
Northampton,  1792.  Colonel  Littleton  Savage,  of  Northampton,  mar- 
ried January  14,  1768,  Mary,  daughter  of  William  Burton,  of  North- 
ampton, and  was  a  member  of  the  Northampton  committee  of  safety, 
1774- '6,  and  justice  1792.  Nathaniel  Savage  was  an  officer  in  the  Revo- 
lutionary army,  1779-83.  Nathaniel  Littleton  Savage  entered  the  Revo- 
lutionary army  as  cornet  of  cavalry,  1779,  was  promoted  to  lieutenant, 
and  served  through  the  war.  William  L.  Savage  was  member  of  the 
House  of  Delegates  from  Northampton,  1838.  One  or  more  members 
of  the  family  removed  to  New  Kent  county  in  the  latter  part  of  the  last 
century.  In  regard  to  this  branch  the  following  is  chiefly  from  news- 
papers :  Nathaniel  L.  Savage,  justice  of  New  Kent,  1782.  William 
Savage  appointed  justice  of  New  Kent,  1804.  Thomes  Littleton  Sav- 
age, of  New  Kent,  married  June,  1789,  Mary  Burton,  daughter  of  Col- 
onel Littleton  Savage,  of  Northampton.  George  Savage,  of  Green 
Meadow,  Henrico,  appointed  justice,  1804 ;  member  of  the  House  of 
Delegates,  i8i5-'6,  and  died  June  3,  1824.  His  eldest  son,  Littleton, 
died  at  the  University  of  Virginia,  July  17,  1830,  in  his  twentieth  year. 
Anne  Savage  and  Doctor  John  T.  Christian  were  married  at  Cedar 
Plains,  New  Kent,  in  1827.     Harriet  R.,  daughter  of  Nathaniel  L.  Sav- 


ABSTRACTS   OF   VIRGINIA   LAND    PATENTS.  445 

age,  of  "  Windsor  Forest,"  New  Kent,  married,  1850,  M.  C.  Starke,  of 
Richmond.  Doctor  William  R.  Savage,  of  New  Kent,  and  Ann  E. 
Williamson,  of  Richmond,  were  married  1833.  Southey  L.  Savage  was 
a  lieutenant  in  the  New  Kent  cavalry.  Confederate  States  army,  in  186 1. 
Mrs.  Harriet  Savage,  of  *'  Windsor  Forest,"  New  Kent,  died  July  27, 
1862,  aged  79.  Mary  E.,  wife  of  George  M.  Savage,  of  Henrico,  died 
August  15,  1862.  This  branch  of  the  family  is  represented  in  Rich- 
mond by  Mr.  Norton  R.  Savage. 

This  family  enjoys  the  distinction  of  being  the  only  one  (as  far  as 
known  to  me)  that  can  trace  in  a  male  line  to  one  of  the  first  settlers  of 
1607. 

(53)  Lieutenant  Thomas  Flint  [i]  (as  his  first  dividend),  1000 
acres  on  the  southern  shore  of  Warwick  River,  adjoining  the  land  of 
Robert  Poole,  gent ;  and  adjoining  next  upon  the  ground  granted  by 
patent  unto  John  Rolf  Esq.,  [2]  deceased,  and  Captain  Wm.  Peirce  [3]; 
said  1000  acres  belonging  to  him  by  "Act  of  Court,"  February  9.  1627, 
for  the  transportation  of  20  persons  who  came  in  the  Temperance  in 
1621,  (vizt)  Marmaduke  Stone,  Elizabeth  his  wife,  George  Whitehand, 
Thomas  Newson,  Thomas  Mann,  Thomas  Harris,  Thomas  Powis,  Wil- 
liam Chelmedge,  Jon.  Wray,  Philip  Smith,  Richard  Gregory,  John 
Mayer,  Peter  Mason,  Henry  Rowen,  Nathaniel  Thomas,  William  Brooke, 
John  Phillips,  John  Bradford,  John  Penny,  and  George  Denerell- 
Granted  by  Francis  West,  September  20,  1628. 

NOTES. 

[i]  Thomas  Flint  came  to  Virginia  in  1618;  burgess  for  Warwick 
River,  1629.  1629-30;  for  Keith's  Creek,  1631;  for  Stanley  Hundred, 
1632;  for  Denbigh,  1632-3;  for  Warwick  River,  1642-3;  and  for  War- 
wick, 1647;  commissioner  for  Warwick  River,  1631.  He  married 
Mary . 

[2]  John  Rolfe  was  descended  from  a  family  resident  for  centuries 
in  the  county  of  Norfolk,  England,  his  immediate  ancestors  being 
seated  at  Heacham,  in  that  county,  as  far  back  as  1560.  The  parish 
register  shows  that  Eustace  Rolfe  and  Joanna  Jener  were  married  May 
27,  1560,  and  had  a  son,  John,  born  October  17, 1562 ;  married  Dorothea 
Mason,  September  24,  1582,  and  died  1594  (was  buried  December  i). 

John  and  Dorothea  (Mason)  Rolfe  had  with  other  issue,  i,  Eustace, 
and  2,  John  (twinsj,  baptised  May  6,  1585 ;  3,  Edward,  baptised  Febru- 
ary 22,  1591.  There  was  another  son,  Henry,  afterwards  a  merchant  of 
London  (and  a  member  of  the  Virginia  Company),  who  is  included  in 
a  manuscript  pedjgree  mentioned  by  Mrs  Herbert  Jones  in  her'*San- 
dringham."  There  is  at  Heacham  in  the  church,  a  brass  in  memory  of 
John  Rolfe,  father  of  the  emigrant,  with  a  Latin  epitaph.  One  of  the 
Rolfes  of  Heacham  Hall  was  Sheriff  of  Norfolk  about  1760.    In  1837 


446  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL    MAGAZINE. 

S.  C.  E.  Neville  Rolfe,  Esquire,  who  took  the  name  and  arms,  succeeded 
to  the  property. 

John  Rolfe,  the  son  is  stated  to  have  been  educated  at  an  English 
University,  married  in  England,  and  sailed  for  Virginia  in  May,  1609. 
The  ship  in  which  he  came  over  was  wrecked  on  the  Bermudas,  and 
here  a  daughter  was  born  who  was  named  Bermuda,  and  christened 
February  11,  1609-10.  They  reached  Virginia  in  May,  1610,  and  Rolfe's 
wife  had  either  died  at  the  Bermudas  or  only  lived  a  short  time  after 
reaching  Virginia.  He  became  a  prominent  member  of  the  colony, 
and  is  said  to  have  been  the  first  to  call  the  attention  of  the  settlers  to 
the  cultivation  of  tobacco.  Early  in  April,  16141  his  celebrated  mar- 
riage with  Pocahontas  took  place.  In  16 16  Rolfe  and  Pocahontas  went 
to  England,  where  the  latter's  reception  and  the  interest  she  created 
are  well-known  facts.  In  England  their  son,  Thomas,  was  born.  As 
they  were  about  to  set  sail  for  Virginia  on  their  return,  Pocahontas 
died  and  was  buried  in  Gravesend  church,  March  21, 1616-7.  Rolfe  left 
his  infant  son  at  Plymouth  under  the  care  of  Sir  Lewis  Stukeley,  but 
he  was  afterwards  transferred  to  his  uncle,  Henry  Rolfe,  of  Londoi^ 
with  whom  he  remained  until  manhood.  He  afterwards  came  to  Vir- 
ginia, and  through  him  are  the  descendants  of  Pocahontas.  In  1617 
John  Rolfe,  the  widower,  was  appointed  Secretary  and  Recorder- Gen- 
era] of  the  colony ,  and  in  1619  was  a  member  of  the  council.  He  mar- 
ried, thirdly,  in  or  before  1620,  Jane,  daughter  of  Captain  William 
Pierce,  of  Virginia,  and  had  a  daughter,  Elizabeth,  born  1620.  His 
will,  which  has  been  printed  in  the  New  England  Genealogical  and 
Historical  Register,  is  dated  March  10,  1621-2,  and  he  died  March,  1622. 
He  was  author  of  a  letter  to  Sir  Thomas  Dale  in  regard  to  his  marri- 
age, which  has  been  several  times  printed  (it  is  most  accessible  in 
Meade),  and  of  a  "relation  "  of  events  in  Virginia,  1618-19,  included  in 
Smith's  General  History.  Smith,  Hamor,  and  all  the  early  writers  who 
mention  him,  speak  well  of  Rolfe  as  an  honest  and  worthy  gentleman. 
Thomas  Rolfe,  his  son,  came  to  Virginia ;  in  1646  was  a  lieutenant;  in 
1641  he  had  permission- from  the  governor  to  visit  his  Indian  relatives, 
"his  aunt  Cleopatre  and  his  kinsman,  Opechancanough/'  (Virginia 
Records^  in  Congressional  library).  Between  1646  and  1663  he  patented 
a  number  of  tracts  of  land,  and  became  a  man  of  wealth.  There  was 
recorded  in  Surrey,  in  1673,  a  deed,  dated  June  10,  1654,  from  Thomas 
Rolfe  to  Wm.  Corker,  conveying  120  acres  in  Surrey,  lying  between 
"  Smith's  fort  old  field  "  and  *'  the  Devill's  Woodyard,"  which  was  the 
property  of  said  Rolfe  *'  by  gift  from  the  Indian  King."  It  also  appears 
from  deposilions  recorded  in  Surrey  that  he  at  one  time  owned  the 
plantation  called  "Smith's  Fort,"  1200  acres  at  the  mouth  of  Gray's 
Creek,  which  he  sold  to  Thomas  Warren.  His  wife  is  said  to  have 
been  a  Miss  Poythress  (if  so.  doubtless  a  daughter  of  Francis  Poy- 
thress),  and  he  had  one  child,  Jane,  who  married  Colonel  Robert  Boll- 


ABSTRACTS   OF   VIRGINIA    LAND   PATENTS.  447 

ing,  of  Kippax,  Prince  George.  Among  the  James  City  records  (since 
destroyed)  v,sls  the  following  deed,  communicated  to  the  Southern  Lit- 
erary Messenger  by  the  well-known  Virginia  antiquary,  Richard  Ran- 
dolph. **This  Indenture,  made  ist  October  1698,  between  John  Boiling 
of  the  County  of  Henrico,  and  parish  of  Varina,  Gent.,  son  and  heir  of 
Jane  late  wife  of  Robert  Boiling  of  Charles  City  County,  Gent.,  which 
Jane  was  the  only  daughter  of  Thomas  Rolf  dec'd,  and  William  Brown 
of  Wilmington  parish,  in  the  County  of  James  City,  for  one  thousand 
acres  of  land,  commonly  called  The  Fort  on  Chichahominy  river  as  per 
patent  granted  to  Thomas  Rolfe. 

John  Bolling." 


[3]  Captain  William  Pierce  and  Joane,  his  wife,  were  living  at  James- 
town, 1623-4.  He  was  long  one  of  .the  leading  men  of  Virginia,  and 
member  of  the  Council,  1631-44  He  had  at  least  one  child,  Jane,  who 
married  John  Rolfe. 

It  was  probably  Captain  Peirce*s  wife  of  whom  a  pamphlet,  published 
in  1629,  states  that  **  Mrs.  Pearce,  an  honest,  industrious  woman,  after 
passing  twenty  years  in  Virginia,  on  her  return  to  England  reported 
that  she  had  a  garden  at  Jamestown,  containing  three  or  four  acres, 
where  in  one  year  she  had  gathered  a  hundred  bushels  of  excellent  figs, 
and  that  of  her  own  provision  she  could  keep  a  better  house  in  Vir- 
ginia, than  in  London  for  three  or  four  hundred  pounds  a  year,  although 
she  had  gone  there  with  little  or  nothing/'  From  the  language  used 
however  it  is  possible  that  she  was  a  widow  (*'  her  own  provision,"  &c), 
in  which  case  she  was  not  the  wife  of  Captain  William  Peirce,  who  was 
alive  in  1629. 

(54)  Elizabeth  Jones,  wife  of  Giles  Jones,  gent.,  100  acres  as  her 
own  personal  dividend,  being  an  ancient  planter,  said  land  being  in  the 
*'  Island  of  Point  Comfort,"  abutting  easterly  upon  the  "  bay  of  Chesa- 
peiache,"  and  westerly  upon  the  creek  which  divides  said  island  from 
the  main  land.    Granted  by  Francis  West,  October  16,  1628. 


(55)  Ensign  Thomas  Willoughby  [i],  of  Elizabeth  City,  Gent.,  (as 
his  first  dividend),  50  acres  in  Elizabeth  City,  abutting  westerly  upon 
Salford's  Creek,  and  adjoining  the  land  formerly  granted  to  Miles 
Pricket  (now  in  the  tenure  of  said  Thomas  Willoughby);  due  for  the 
transportation  of  Hugh  Shore,  who  came  in  at  the  charge  of  Captain 
William  Tucker,  in  the  Ellinor^  in  1621,  and  made  over  to  said  Wil- 
loughby by  act  of  court  October  17,  1628.  Granted  by  Francis  West, 
November  17,  1628. 

NOTE. 

[i]  According  to  a  tradition  in  the  family,  as  given  a  few  years  ago 


448  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL    MAGAZINE. 

by  a  descendant,  Thomas  Willoughby  was  a  nephew  of  Sir  Percival 
Willoughby,  of  Wallaton,  (who  was  from  the  county  of  Kent,  married 
his  relative,  the  heiress  of  the  VVilloughby's  of  Wallaton,  and  had  seve- 
ral brothers).  He  was  born  in  1601,  and  came  to  Virginia  in  1610 [Hot- 
ten),  and  after  reaching  manhood  was  for  a  number  of  years  one  of  the 
leading  merchants  of  the  colony.  There  is  in  Sainsbury's  Calendar  of 
Colonial  State  Papers  (Vol.  I),  a  certificate  dated  1627,  by  Thomas  Wil- 
loughby,  of  Rochester,  aged  27  years,  in  regard  to  a  ship  in  which  he 
was  about  to  go  to  Virginia.  There  can  be  hardly  a  doubt  that  he  was 
the  patentee,  returning  from  a  visit  home.  He  was  a  justice  of  Eliza- 
beth City,  1628;  member  of  the  House  of  Burgesses  for  the  *'  Upper  Part 
of  Elizabeth  City,"  1629- 1632,  and  of  the  Council,  1644-1646  {Hening 
/),  and  1650  {Sainsbnry).  He  patented  in  1654,  &c.,  large  tracts  of  land 
in  Lower  Norfolk  county,  which  his  descendants  owned  for  many  gene- 
rations, and  part  of  which  ("  VVilloughby  Point,"  near  Norfolk,  which 
was  the  manor  plantation)  is  still  owned  by  descendants  of  other 
names.  The  name  of  his  wife  is  not  known,  unless  (as  is  probable)  her 
name  appears  under  a  patent  to  him  in  1654,  when  Alice,  Thomas  and 
Elizabeth  VVilloughby  were  among  the  head-rights.  In  the  records  of 
Lower  Norfolk  county  is  the  following :  "  Att  a  Court  held  i6th  August, 
1658.  Upon  the  peticon  of  Mr.  Tho.  Willoughby  a  commission  of  Ad- 
m'con  is  granted  unto  him  upon  his  father's  estate,  iZapt.  Tho.  Wil- 
loughby who  deceased  in  England,  hee  putting  in  Security  according 
to  law." 

Captain  Thomas*  Willoughby  had  an  only  son.  Colonel  Thomas*  Wil- 
loughby, who  was  born  in  Virginia,  Dec.  25,  1632,  and  was  educated  at 
Merchant  Taylors  School,  London,  where  his  name  appears  as  **  only 
son  of  Thomas  Willoughby,  of  Virginia,  gentlemen  "  (Records  of  the 
school  cited  in  R'd  Standard).  He  was  perhaps  a  member  of  the  Coun- 
cil as  he  is  styled  '*  Honorable,"  in  a  deed,  1688.  In  1663  he  had  a  grant  of 
3200  acres  in  Lower  Norfolk,  and  had  other  large  grants.  He  married,  in 
or  before  1660,  Sarah,  daughter  of  Richard  and  Ursula  (Bisshe)  Thomp- 
son, of  Northumberland  county,  and  before  of  Maryland  (deeds,  &c.,  in 
Northumberland  county  records ;  and  Maryland  Archives).  There  is 
recorded  in  Westmoreland  a  deed,  dated  March  29,  166 r,  from  Thomas 
Willoughby,  Gent.,  conveying  1,000  acres  in  that  county,  which  were 
granted  to  Sarah,  daughter  and  orphan  of  Richard  Thompson,  Novem- 
ber 18,  1652,  and  now  due  to  said  Willoughby  as  her  husband  Thomas* 
Willoughby  died  in  1672,  and  his  will  was  proved  but  is  not  now  on 
record.  The  inventory  of  his  personal  estate,  recorded  in  the  same 
year,  shows  a  large  property,  including  a  number  of  books,  and  a  good 
deal  of  plate  (extracts  from  this  inventory  were  published  some  years 
ago  in  the  Richmond  Critic).  The  will  of  his  widow,  Sarah  Willoughby. 
dated  15th  September,  and  proved  17th  February,  1673,  is  recorded  in 
Lower  Norfolk.    Her  sole  legatees  were  her  children,  Thomas'  and 


ABSTRACTS  OF  VIRGINIA   LAND   PATENTS.  449 

Elizabeth  Willoughby,  whom  she  leaves  under  the  care  and  tuition  of 
Lemuel  Mason,  John  Porter,  Sr.,  Wm.  Porter  and  George  Newton,  and 
requests  that  George  Newton  shall  live  in  her  house  and  take  immedi- 
ate charge  of  her  estate. 

Thomas*  Willoughby,  of  Lower  Norfolk,  styles  himself,  in  deeds 
dated  1688- '9,  "  of  Elizabeth  River,  in  the  County  of  Lower  Norfolk, 
gentleman,  sole  son  and  heir  of  the  Hon.  Lt.  Col.  Thomas  Willoughby 
of  the  same  parish  and  county."  He  was  a  justice  of  Lower  Norfolk, 
1699,  &c.  He  married  Margaret  Herbert  (there  is  a  deed  from  Thos. 
W.  and  Margaret,  his  wife),  and  had  issue:  (I)  Thomas*  (only  son);  (II) 
Daughter,*  married  Rev.  Moses  Robertson,  of  St.  Stephen's  parish, 
Westmoreland  (?);  (Ill)  Sarah,*  died  unmarried  in  1740,  and  in  her  will, 
dated  January  I9lh,  1738,  names  her  brother,  Thomas  Willoughby,  and 
her  cousins  (nephews),  Thomas,  Samuel,  William  and  Alberton  Wil- 
loughby, and  cousin  John  Willoughby  Robertson. 

Thomas*  Willoughby  married :,  and  died  in  the  summer  of  1753, 

leaving  issue :  (I)  John;*  (II)  Thomas;*  (III)  Samuel;*  (IV)  William;* 
(V)  Allerton.* 

Major  Thomas*  Willoughby  was  succeeded  by  his  eldest  son.  Colonel 
John*  Willoughby,  Sr.,  of  "Willoughby  Point,"  Norfolk  county.  The 
latter  was  a  man  of  influence  and  large  estate,  which  was  greatly 
injured  by  his  course  in  joining  the  British  forces  under  Lord  Dunmore. 
He  was  chairman  of  ihe  Norfolk  County  Committee  of  Safety  i774"'5, 
and  County  Lieutenant  i774-'5.  When  Dunmore  appeared  with  an 
armed  force  in  Hampton  Roads,  Willoughby's  conduct  became  a  sub- 
ject of  investigation  by  the  Convention.  On  Dec.  21st,  1775,  he  made  a 
petition  setting  forth  that  Col.  Woodford  had  directed  him  to  appear 
before  the  Convention  for  inquiry  into  his  conduct  during  '*  the  unhappy 
disturbances  which  had  lately  prevailed  in  the  borough  of  Norfolk ; 
that  he  understands  very  unfavourable  and  injurious  reports  have  pre- 
vailed against  him,  representing  himself  as  inimical  to  the  interests  of 
his  country,  of  which  he  hopes  honourably  to  acquit  himself."  On 
Jan.  3d,  1776,  a  committee  reported  "  that  it  appeared  to  them  that  the 
said  John  Willoughby  had  acted  a  very  friendly  part  to  his  country 
until  Lord  Dunmore  had  gained  too  great  an  ascend'cy  about  Norfolk  ; 
that  the  said  Willoughby  was  chairman  of  the  Committee  of  the 
County  of  Norfolk,  and  constantly  attended  their  meetings ;  that  on  the 
17th  of  November  the  said  Willoughby  was  called  upon  to  appear 
before  Lord  Dunmore,  and  take  his  oath  ;  that  he  expostulated  with  his 
lordship,  and  desired  time,  until  the  next  day,  to  consider  it ;  that,  im- 
mediately after,  Capt.  Leslie  declared,  those  who  would  not  sign 
should  be  taken  into  custody  and  deemed  rebels ;  that  the  said  WiU 
loughby  did  then  take  the  oath,  but  has  never  borne  arms  on  the  side 
of  Lord  Dunmore,  or  encouraged  others  to  do  so,  but  has  generally 
behaved  as  a  friend  to  America ;  that  it  further  appears  that  the  said 


450  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL    MAGAZINE. 

Willoughby,  as  county-lieutenant  of  Norfolk,  wrote  to  the  captains  of 
the  militia  of  that  county  to  assemble  their  companies,  but  that  he  was 
then  under  the  immediate  influence  of  Lord  Dunmore,  and  his  conduct 
proceeded  from  compulsion,  and  not  inclination  "  (so  the  Convention): 
"  Resolved,  That  the  said  John  Willou^hby  acted  as  a  friend  to  Ameri- 
can liberty  before  Lord  Dunmore  erected  his  standard,  and  whatever 
he  afterwards  did  to  the  contrary  proceeded  from  compulsion,  being: 
himself,  and  family,  in  the  power  of  Lord  Dunmore,"  and  discharged 
him  on  parole  not  to  give  intelligence  or  assistance  to  the  enemies  of 
America.    {Journal  of  Convention,) 

But  if  the  account  given  in  the  Virginia  Gazette  of  May  lo,  1776,  is 
correct,  he  soon  returned  to  the  English.  That  paper  states  that  "  Col. 
John  Willoughby,  of  Norfolk  county,  with  his  son,  and  between  60  and 
70  negroes,  have  gone  on  board  lord  Dunmore's  fleet.  This  old  gen- 
tleman some  few  months  ago,  acted  as  lieutenant  of  his  county  under  a 
commission  from  lord  Dunmore ;  but  pleaded  in  his  justification,  that 
he  had  been  Compelled  to  receive  it,  and  to  take  the  oath  prescribed 
by  his  lordship.  Some  witnesses  appearing  in  the  old  man's  favour, 
the  last  Convention  were  pleased  to  restore  him  to  the  former  good 
opinion  of  his  countrymen  ;  and  now  in  requital  for  such  kindness,  has 
voluntarily  and  without  any  compulsion,  gone  over  to  our  enemies, 
thereby  making  himself  a  vile  apostate  and  black  traitor. ^^  He  died  in 
1776,  and  by  his  will,  dated  August  of  that  year,  leaves  to  his  eldest 
son  John,'  his  Manor  plantation  of  **  Willoughby  Point,"  &c.  It  would 
appear  that  the  Gazette  is  in  error  in  stating  that  this  son  at  least 
(John*  Willoughby), joined  the  English  fleet,  as  in  1777  he  petitions  the 
Legislature  in  regard  to  his  deceased  father's  estate,  and  in  1784  was 
sheriff  of  Norfolk  county,  by  commission  from  the  State.  In  his  will 
dated  February,  1786,  and  proved  September,  1791,  he  leaves,  among 
other  things,  a  gold  seal  ring  with  his  coat-of-arms  on  it,  to  his  son 
Thomas^  Willoughby.  It  appears  from  the  military  records  in  the  State 
Land  Office  that  James  Willoughby,  of  Norfolk  (probably  a  nephew  of 
Col.  John*  Willoughby),  was  a  sergeant  in  the  Continental  Line,  and 
was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Brandywine,  and  thai  his  heir  was  his 
only  brother,  Samuel  Willoughby,  of  Norfolk,  who  died  leaving  an  only 
son,  James  Willoughby,  of  Norfolk,  who  in  1838  received  the  land 
bounty  due  for  his  uncle's  services. 


(56)  John  Pott,  Doctor  of  Physiche,  and  one  of  the  Councell  of 
State;  there  had  been  formerly  a  grant  to  him  of  3  acres  in  the  limits 
of  James  City,  dated  August  nth,  1624,  and  he  had  farther  obtained  by 
order  of  court,  September  loth  last,  that  other  lands  adjoining  should 
be  added  thereto,  amounting  in  all  to  12  acres;   said  land  abutting 


ABSTRACTS   OF   VIRGINIA    LAND    PATENTS.  451 

upon  the  back  street,  and  westerly  on  the  land  late  in  the  tenure  of 
Edward  Blaney  [i]. 

NOTE.  . 

[i]  Edward  Blaney,  Burgess  1623;  appointed  to  the  Council  March 
4,  1626  {Sainsdury  Abstracts).  He  married  the  widow  of  Wm.  Powell 
(Ibid). 


(57)  Isabella  Perry,  wife  of  William  Perry,  gent.,  [i]  (as  her  first 
dividend),  200  acres  in  the  Corporation  of  James  City  on  the  south  side 
of  the  main  river,  formerly  granted  to  her  and  late  husband  Richard 
Pace,  deceased,  December  5,  1620.  Said  land  adjoined  westerly  that 
of  John  Burrowes,  now  in  the  tenure  of  John  Smith,  and  thence  extend- 
ing east  to  the  land  granted  George  Pace,  "  bearing  date  with  these 
presents  "—100  acres  due  for  her  own  personal  adventure  as  an  ancient 
planter,  and  the  other  100  as  the  dividend  of  Francis  Chapman  (granted 
him  December  5, 1620),  and  by  him  made  over  to  Richard  Richards  [2] 
and  Richard  Dolphenby  [3] ,  and  by  them  granted  unto  said  Isabella 
Perry,  at  a  court  at  James  City,  January  20,  162 1.  Granted  by  Francis 
West,  September  20,  1628. 

NOTES. 

[i]  Captain  William  Perry  came  to  Virginia  in  1611  {Hotten)\  was 
Burgess  for  Pace's  Paines,  1629,  1629-30;  and  member  of  the  Council, 
i632-'3,  &c.  (Hening).  He  was  buried  at  the  Church  of  Westover 
parish,  at  the  site  of  which  his  tomb  (the  oldest  in  Virginia)  remains. 
The  epitaph  is  now  (it  is  believed)  illegible;  but  Campbell,  the  his- 
torian, states  that  it  then  bore  a  shield  and  the  following  epitaph : 

"Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Captaine 

Wm.  Perry  who  lived  neere 

Westovear  in  this  Collony 

Who  departed  this  life  the  6th  day  of 

August,  Anno  Domini  1637." 

He  had  (as  far  as  is  known)  an  only  son,  Captain  Henry  Perry,  who  was 
a  member  of  the  House  of  Burgesses  for  Charles  City  county,  i652-*4, 
and  of  the  Council,  1655-1660  {Hening).  Captain  Henry  Perry  married 
the  daughter  and  heiress  of  George  Menifie,  Esq.,  of  "  Buchland," 
Charles  City  (and  acquired  with  her  that  estate  which  still  bears  the 
name,  and  is  the  property  and  residence  of  Mr.  Wilcox),  and  left  two 
daughters  and  co-heiresses:  (I)  Elizabeth,  alive  1684,  married  John 
Coggs,  gent.,  of  Rainslipp,  in  the  county  of  Middlesex,  England ;  (II) 
Mary,  alive  1684,  married  Thomas  Mercer,  citizen  and  stationer,  of 
London.  (See  there  power  of  attorney,  August  20, 1684,  to  John  Bishop, 
of  Weyanoke,  Charles  City  county,  Virginia,  planter,  in  which  they  are 


452  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

described  as  surviving  children  and  co-heirs.    See  the  Byrd  book  of  land 
titles  in  Virginia  Historical  Society  Collection). 

[2]  Richard   Richards  came  to  Virginia  in  1620 ;    was  Burgess  for 
"over  the  water  against  James  City,  i63>^  and  1632." 

[3]  Richard  Dolphenby  came  to  Virginia  in  1618. 


{58)  George  Pace,  son  and  heir  to  Richard  Pace  [i]  (as  his  first 
dividend),  400  acres  in  the  Corporation  of  James  City,  on  the  south  side 
of  the  river  at  the  plantation  called  Pace's  Paines,  and  formerly  granted 
to  his  deceased  father,  Richard  Pace,  December  5th,  1620;  adjoining 
on  the  west  the  lands  of  his  mother,  Isabella  Perry,  and  on  the  east  the 
lands  of  Francis  Chapman,  now  in  the  possession  of  Wm.  Perry,  gent., 
his  father-in  law ;  and  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  main  river.  Granted 
by  Francis  West,  September  ist,  1628. 

NOTE. 

[i]  Richard  Pace  was  an  early  settler  at  a  plantation  on  the  south 
side  of  James  river  called  Pace's  Paines.  In  the  massacre  of  1622  he 
saved  Jamestown,  and  many  of  the  Colonists.  A  friendly  Indian 
named  Chanco  revealed  the  plot  to  him,  and  after  providing  for  the 
safety  of  his  own  family,  he  went  to  Jamestown  and  warned  the  people 

there  {Smith  and  Stith).     He  married  Isabella ,  and  died  in  or 

before  1628,  leaving  a  son,  George  Pace,  the  patentee. 


X 


V 


NOTES   AND   QUERIES.  453 


Historical  Notes  and  Queries. 

Errata  — On  page  279,  Magazine  for  January,  1894,  the  capital  letter 
"S**  should  be  substituted  for  the  capital  letter  "H,"  which  appears 
after  the  names  of  the  members  of  Captain  Stobo's  company.  On 
page  274  of  the  same  number  of  the  Magazine  read  *'  De  Bow's 
Review"  for  "De  Bois  Review."  On  page  326  for  "school"  read 
*'  schools."  The  words  Lower  Norfolk  county  on  the  same  page  should 
be  omitted.  Lower  Norfolk  county  was  made  into  the  present  counties 
of  Norfolk  and  Princess  Anne  in  1691,  and  was  not  therefore  in  exist- 
ence in  1736. 

Letters  of  Bassett  and  Norwood,  1670. 

For  permission  to  use  the  following  letters  we  are  indebted  to  Mrs. 
Klla  B.  Washington,  of  *'  Mordington,"  near  Charles  Town,  W.  Va.,  and 
Miss  Norwood,  of  this  city,  to  whose  father.  Rev.  Dr.  Norwood,  the 
second  letter  was  given,  on  account  of  similarity  of  name,  by  the  late 
George  Washington  Bassett,  of  Hanover  county,  Virginia.  The  first 
letter  is  a  copy  of  one  from  Captain  Wm.  Bassett,  of  New  Kent  county, 
Virginia,  to  Col.  Henry  Norwood,  in  London,  and  the  second  is  Nor- 
wood's reply.  Mrs.  Washington  also  has  the  deed  from  Sir  Philip 
Honeywood  to  Captain  Bassett,  which  Norwood  sent  with  his  letter, 
and  also  the  original  grant  to  Honeywood.  Among  many  old  and  val- 
uable papers,  she  has  likewise,  a  deed  dated  23d  January,  1670,  from 
Mainwaring  Hammond,  Esq.,  of  Black  Castle,  County  WHcklow,  Ire- 
land, conveying  to  Capt.  Wm.  Bassett,  all  of  said  Hammond's  planta- 
tion on  the  upper  parts  of  York  river,  commonly  called  "  Capt.  Anthony 
Langston's  plantation."  There  is  attached  an  armorial  seal  with  six 
quarterings,  but  so  much  defaced  that  it  can  hardly  be  identified.  The 
second  quartering  apparently  has  on  a  chief  indented,  two  roundels  or 
pellets,  and  the  third  has  two  bars  each  bearing  a  pellet.  Col.  Ham- 
mond had  resided  for  a  number  of  years  in  Virginia,  and  been  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Council. 

Virginia,  Apprill  15,  1670. 
ColL  Norwood!'' 

I  Have  formerly  bin  troublesome  to  you  in  this  Business  of  S'r 


•  Colonel  Henry  Norwood  served  as  an  officer  in  the  Royal  array  during  the  Civil  Wars, 
and  being  a  refugee  in  Holland  in  1649,  determined,  with  two  friends,  Major  Francis 
Madison  and  Major  Richard  Fox,  also  cavalier  officers,  to  come  to  Virginia.  On  Sep- 
tember 23d  of  the  year  named  they  embarked  in  the  "Virginia 'Merchant,"  and  arrived 
in  the  Colony  in  November.  After  various  adventures  on  the  Eastern  Shore,  Norwood 
and  his  friends  crossed  the  bay,  and  at  Captain  Ralph  Wormeley's  house  found  several 
of  his  friends  being  most  hospitably  entertained.  They  were  Sir  Thomas  Lunsford,  Sir 
Henry  Chichley,  Colonel  (afterwards  Sir)  Philip  Honeywood,  and  Colonel  Mainwaring 
Hammond,  all  cavalier  officers,  recently  arrived  from  England. 


454  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Phillip  Honey  wood's*  land  w'ch  is  in  Virginia:  w*ch  you  were  pleased 


At  Jamestown  Norwood  was  cordially  received  by  Sir  William  Berkeley,  who  took  him 
to  his  house  at  Greenspring,  where  he  remained  for  some  months. 

The  Governor,  who  gave  a  hearty  welcome  to  all  loyalists,  also  exhibited  signal  kind- 
ness to  Major  Fox,  and  appointed  Major  Morrison  commander  of  the  fort  at  Point  Com- 
fort. In  1650  Governor  Berkeley  dispatched  Norwood  to  Holland  to  solicit  the  position 
(for  Norwood)  of  treasurer  of  Virginia,  an  effort  in  which  he  was  successful.  He  appears 
to  have  retained  the  office  for  many  years  (or  at  least  to  have  obtained  it  again  at  the 
Restoration)  for  in  1670  Berkeley  states  that  there  was  no  income  from  the  quit-rents,  as 
the  King  had  given  this  to  a  worthy  servant,  Colonel  Norwood. 

Colonel  Norwood  published  a  narrative  of  his  voyage  to  Virginia,  &c.,  which  has  been 
reprinted  in  Force's  Tracts,  iii,  and  in  Churchill's  Voyages. 

It  is  believed  he  never  returned  to  Virginia.  Afler  staying  some  time  in  Holland,  he 
went  to  England  Aug^ust,  1653,  and  soon  became  engaged  in  a  Royalist  plot.  It  appears 
that  he  procured  arms,  which  were  sent  to  various  parts  of  England  to  be  used  in  a 
rising,  and  that  others  belonging  to  him,  which  were  stored  in  London,  were  discovered, 
and  he  was  arrested  by  the  Parliamentary  authorities  in  January,  1654,  and  imprisoned  -in 
the  Tower.  Here  he  remained  a  long  time,  and  on  September  18,  1656,  sent  a  petition  to 
Henry  Lawrence,  stating  that  he  had  been  in  prison  for  twenty-three  months,  and  ask- 
ing that  he  might  be  released  on  condition  of  leaving  England  (see  Thurloe's  State 
Papers,  Vol.  Ill,  pp.  65,  66,  71,  72,  88,  89,  95,  97,  107,  108,  130  and  131,  for  the  examinations 
of  Edmund  Custis,  Richard  Glover,  Norwood  himself,  and  others,  in  regard  to  this  mat- 
ter. Glover  stated  that  he  was  first  acquainted  with  Norwood  in  Visginia,  when  the  lat- 
ter was  living  at  Governor  Berkeley's  house,  about  five  years  before  1654 :  that  he. 
Glover,  went  to  Holland  in  about  five  or  six  months,  and  Norwood  came  over  from  Vir- 
ginia in  the  following  year,  1650.  It  also  appears  from  one  statement  that  Edmund  Custis 
was  to  charter  a  ship  belonging  to  his  brother,  and  be  given  ^1,000  to  purchase  arms  in 
Holland,  which  were  to  be  secretely  landed  in  England  for  the  use  of  the  Royahsts. 
This  plan  fell  through  for  lack  of  money.  Glover  also  states  that  Norwood,  whom  he  met 
by  engagement  at  a  tavern  in  London,  disclosed  the  plot  to  him,  and  afterwards  drank 
the  King's  health.  It  appears  that  Norwood,  not  long  before  his  arrest,  had  shipped 
certain  arms  to  Virginia).    He  was  released  not  to  return  to  England  without  permission. 

In  July,  1661,  Charles  II  gave  him  the  life  appointment  of  Captain  of  Sondown  Castle, 
in  Kent,  and  in  the  same  year  he  was  commissioned  lieutenant-colonel  of  Lord 
Rutherford's  regiment  and  Deputy-Governor  of  Dunkirk.  He  was  next  colonel  of  the 
regiment  at  Tangier,  and  Captain  Charles  Norwood  (who  was  at  one  time  Clerk  of  the 
Virginia  House  of  Burgesses),  served  under  him.  In  1665  he  was  an  officer  in  the  forces 
which  reduced  New  York,  and  was  recommended  for  appointment  to  the  position  of  Gov- 
ernor of  that  Colony,  as  one  who  would  be  acceptable  alike  to  the  people  and  the  soldiers. 
In  1667  he  was  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Tangier,  and  in  1675  came  from  Holland  to  Lon- 
don to  confer  with  Lord  Culpeper  and  the  agents  of  Virginia  (Neill's  yirginia  CarolO' 
rum).  In  1681  the  Board  of  Trade  ordered  Colonel  Norwood  to  make  a  report  of  the 
receipts  of  the  quit-rents  previous  to  1669  (Col.  Entry  Book  106,  p.  374). 

♦Colonel,  afterwards  Sir  Philip  Honeywood,  was  a  son  of  —  Honey  wood,  of , 

and  served  as  a  colonel  in  the  Royal  army  during  the  Civil  Wars.  But  in  1649  he  ob- 
tained a  pass  to  go  beyond  seas,  and  came  to  Virginia,  shortly  before  Norwood,  who 
mentions  him  in  his  account.  He  obtained  a  large  grant  of  land  in  New  Kent  and  prob- 
ably remained  in  the  Colony  until  the  Restoration.  There  is  a  biographical  sketch  of  him 
in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine. 


NOTES  AND   QUERIES.  455 

to  give  me  Right  to,  uppon  w'ch  I  seatted  neare  It  Heatherto;  to  my 
Hinderancy»and  wilbe  much  out  of  my  way  if  after  all  this  I  should  not 
have  It  Assured  to  me :  the  last  I  doubt  not  since  I  Have  yo*r  promiss 
by  yo*r  letter  that  I  should  have  S'r  Phillip  Honeywbod's  right  made 
over  to  me  by  him :  now  since  that  letter  of  yo*rs  Coll.  Hamond  *  writt 
to  Coll.  Stegg  to  sell  S'r  Philips  Land  for  Him  :  for  that  Coll.  Hamond 
Had  It  of  S'r  Philip  for  seating  it:  If  soe  I  judg  S*r  Philip  Hath  forgot 
that  I  had  his  consent  in  y'r  Room  at  White  Hall,  and  that  he  wold 
have  mad  It  over  then  to  me :  Appon  yo'r  score  now  Coll,  Hamond 
pr'tends  he  hath  disbursed  About  20I.  sterl.  w'ch  I  will  pay  rather  then 
be  kept  any  longer  from  seating  of  it  provided  It  may  be  fully  Conveid 
to  me. 

S*r  you  are  also  a  Sufferer  in  it  for  nobody  hath  the  Benefitt  of  It  by 
seating,  for  you  Loss  the  Quit  rents :  for  noe  body  can  tak  It  up  as  wast 
Land  since  it  hath  bin  seated :  I  hopp  these  will  find  you  in  England. 

We  expect  Capt.  Eveling  in  who  hath  bin  at  Tanger  when  I  promiss 
my  self  an  account  of  my  old  friends.  I  am  bound  to  you  for  yo'r 
Counsell  when  we  left  Dunkirk  and  also  for  the  good  Entrance  you 
gave  me  by  yo'r  recomendations  in  Virginia. 

[Endorsed] 

A  copy  of  letter  to  Coll.  Norwood  Aprill  1670. 

No.  8. 


London,  Jan.  28, 1670. 
Sir, 

I  am  to  aske  y'r  pardon  for  my  too  great  silence,  but  doe  hope  the 
inclosed  will  sett  me  right  in  y*r  good  esteeme  w*ch  I  have  long  ex- 
pected [51V]  and  had  taken  resolution  to  answeare  effectually  or  not  at 
all.  I  make  no  doubt  but  this  short  conveyance  will  sufficiently  [en] 
title  you  to  the  tract  it  points  at,  and  in  case  there  is  yet  any  formality 
wanting  from  these  parts  to  make  it  more  firm  unto  you,  by  the  next 
advice  you  may  be  sure  of  any  supplym't. 

Y'r  friend  Col.  Alsop  is  at  Tangier  in  perfect  health  and  many  more 


*  Colonel  Mainwaring  Hammond,  also  a  Royalist  officer,  came  to  Virginia  in  1649,  and 
in  March,  1659-60,  was  chosen  by  the  Assembly  *'  Major-General  of  Virginia,"  (Hening 
I,  545),  and  shortly  afterwards  appointed  to  the  Council. 

In  October,  1660,  he  and  ten  persons  (of  his  tithables)  were  exempted  from  the  levy,  and 
in  March,  1660-61,  the  Assembly  ordered  that,  as  he  claimed,  two  thousand  acres  by 
patent,  within  the  bounds  of  the  lands  granted  to  the  Chichahominy  Indians,  that  he 
should  by  purchase  or  otherwise  procure  their  consent  "  for  the  preservation  of  the 
countrey's  honour  and  reputation."  How  much  longer  he  was  in  Virginia  does  not  ap- 
pear ;  but  he  was  of  '*  Blackcastle,  County  Wicklow,  Ireland,"  in  1670. 
7 


456  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

of  y*r  old  Comrades  both  here  and  there  are  glad  to  hear  you  prosper, 

but  none  thus  wish  you  more  happines  then 

Sir  Y'r  most  humble  Servant 

H.  Norwood. 
Capt.  Will  Bassett.* 

[Addressed] 

For  Capt.  William  Bassett  in  Virginia. 

[Endorsed]    No.  7. 
Coll.  Norwoods  letter  w*th  Sir  Philip  Honniwood's  Convayance. 


Early  Justices  of  Northumberland  County,  Virginia. 

The  following  list  is  derived  from  the  county  records :  Colonel  John 
Mottrom,  Lieutenant-Colonel  George  Fletcher,  Mr.  Thomas  Speke,  Mr. 
John  Trussell,  Mr.  Wm.  Presley,  Mr.  John  Holloway,  Mr.  Walter  Brod- 
hurst,  Mr.  Samuel  Smith,  Mr.  Nicholas  Morris,  and  Mr.  Thomas  Bald- 
ridge,  1652;  Colonel  Wm.  Claiborne,  Esq.,  1653;  Mr.  William  Nash, 
1653;  Major  Samuel  Smith  [probably  same  as  preceeding],  1655;  Mr. 
James  Hawley,  Captain  Rjchard  Budd,  Mr.  Hugh  Lee,  Captain  John 
Rogers,  Mr.  Matthew  Rhedom  [Rhodam],  and  Mr.  Thomas  Hopkins, 
1655  :  Mr.  George  Colclough,  Mr.  William  Thomas,  Mr.  Wm.  Presley, 
and  Mr.  Wm.  Nutt,  1656;  Mr.  Peter  Ashton  (sheriff),  1658;  Mr.  Francis 
Clay,  and  Mr.  Charles  Ashton,  1659;  Mr.  Robert  Jones,  1662;  Mr.  Peter 
Presley,  Mr.  Isaac  Allerton,  and  Colonel  Richard  Lee,  Esq.,  1663;  Mr. 
Thomas  Brereton,  1665;  Mr.  Lewis  Howson,  1666;  Mr.  Edward  San- 
ders, Mr.  Ambrose  Fielding,  Mr.  Nicholes  Owen,  and  Captain  John 
Mottrom,  1670;  Colonel  St.  Leger  Codd,  1671;  Mr.  Thomas  Mathew, 
1672  ;  Mr.  Francis  Lee,  1673;  Mr.  Nicholas  Green  [?],  1675  ;  Mr.  Philip 
Shapleigh,  and  Mr.  Edward  Porteus,  1676. 


Court  Entries  Relating  to  William  Sherwood. 

The  following  entries  of  court  with  reference  to  William  Sherwood, 
as  to  whom  we  gave  some  biographical  details  in  the  October  (1893) 


*  Captain  William  Bassett  had  been  an  army  oflicer,  most  probably  first  in  the  Royal 
Army  in  the  Civil  Wars,  and  certainly  had  been  an  officer  in  Rutherford's  res:iment  at 
Dunkirk.  He  came  to  Virginia  prior  to  October,  1665,  as  in  that  month  the  Assembly 
appointed  him  "  surveyor  of  the  whole  worke,  and  to  have  command  of  the  workemen 
therein  employed,"  in  building  a  fort  "for  the  better  defence  of  the  countrey,"  presuma- 
bly from  the  terms  of  the  act,  at  Jamestown.  He  was  to  be  paid  10,000  pounds  of  tobscco 
for  his  services.  He  acquired  a  large  estate  and  died  in  1670,  leaving  one  son,  Wm.  Bas- 
sett, of  "  Eltham,"  New  Kent  county,  aflerwards  member  of  the  Council.  Captain  Wm. 
Bassett's  will  is  preserved,  and  it  appears  from  this  and  other  authorities  quoted  by  Mr. 
C.  P.  Keith  (who  has  recently  published  an  account  of  this  distinguished  Virginia  family), 
that  he  was  son  of  Wm.  Bassett,  yeoman,  of  Newport,  Isle  of  Wight,  England.  For  a 
genealogy*  of  the  family  see  Mr.  Keith's  valuable  book. 


NOTES   AND   QUERIES.  457 

number  of  the  Magazine,  will  be  found  of  interest.  They  were  copied 
by  President  Tyler,  of  William  and  Mary  College,  to  whom  we  are  in- 
debted for  them : 

Att  a  Co'rt  holden  at  South wark  for  the  county  of  Surry,  May  5th  Ao 
Dom  1674  Annoque  Reg.  Car.  2d  26  &c. 

Pr*sent:  The  Honorable  Coll.  Tho.  Swann,  Esq.,  Lt.  Coll.  Geo.  Jor 
-dan,  Capt.  Robert  Spencer,  Major  VVm.  Browne,  Mr.  Benj.  Harrison 
Mr.  Ni:  Merri wether. 

Mr.  Wm.  Sherwood  who  hath  bin  sub  sheriff  of  this  county  these  five 
years  Last  past  wherein  he  hath  demeaned  himselfe  &  discharged  his 
trust  w*th  Soe  much  Discretion  Integrity  and  peace  as  well  to  the  Co*rt 
as  to  the  people.  The  Co'rt  doth  there  fore  dischardge  him,  with  the 
due  Approbation  of  Applause  and  Creditt. 

At  a  Court  held  for  York  Co.  &c.,  August  24,  1680. 

To  the  worp'tt  his  Maj 'ties  Justices  of  the  Peace  for  York  County. 

William  Sherwood  Gent  humbly  complaining  Sheweth  : 

That  he  hath  bin  educated  and  brought  up  in  the  practice  of  an 
Attorney  &  for  at  least  tenn  yeares  past  hath  by  his  care,  dillegence 
&  endustry  in  the  practice  of  an  Attorney  in  this  Collony  maintayned 
himselfe  and  family  &  truly  &  faithfully  discharged  the  trust  re- 
posed in  him,  as  is  well  known  to  many  persons  of  hon'r  credit  and 
repute.  But  soe  it  may  please  this  worp'll  Court  That  Mr,  Charles 
Hansford  of  this  County  envyeing  yo'r  peticon'rs  happy  condicon  and 
designeing  to  ruin  y*r  peticon'rs  credit  &  cause  him  to  loose  his  prac- 
tice of  an  Attorney  without  any  provocation  or  Cause  given  him  by 
y'r  peticon'r  on  the  XXVIII  day  of  Novembe'r  now  last  past  did  most 
malitiously  and  scandalously  and  falsely  at  the  house  of  Mr.  William 
Whitaker  in  this  county  in  the  pr'sence  of  diverse  p'sons  of  good  creditt 
say  to  y'r  pet'r  these  false  scandulous  and  malitious  words  following 
(vizt)  that  y'r  pet'r  is  a  knave,  and  that  he  would  proove  hin  soe,  and 
y't  y'r  pet'r  had  by  his  knavery  and  Roguery  lost  him  the  said  Hans- 
ford's Cause  ag't  ffoxecroft  *  and  was  not  fitt  to  be  trusted  as  an  Attor- 
ney with  many  such  like  scandulous  and  false  expressions  to  y'r  pet'rs 
damage  five  hundred  pounds  sterl.  He  therefore  humbly  prayes  such 
damages  &  satisfac'on  from  the  s'd  Hansford  as  by  y'r  Worp's  or  an 
able  Jury  shall  be  awarded  with  Costs.    And  he  shall  pray  &c. 

Record'r  p'r  R.  A.f  CI.  Cur.  Ebor. 

ffinding  that  the  defend't  did  not  say  he  would  proove  the  plaintive 
a  Knave  we  therefore  finde  for  the  plaintive  100  lb.  of  Tobacco  &  Cost. 

(foreman    Daniell  Taylor. 
Record'r  p  R.  A.  CI.  Cur. 


♦  Captain  Isaac  Foxcroft,  of  the  Eastern  Shore, 
t  Richard  Awborne,  Clerk  of  York  county. 


458  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL    MAGAZINE. 

Action  at  Great  Bridge. 

We  are  indebted  to  Mr.  Edward  W.  James  for  the  following  refer- 
ence, taken  from  the  records  of  Lower  Norfolk  county,  to  the  action 
at  Great  Bridge,  fought  December  9th,  1775,  between  the  British  under 
Captain  Fordyce  and  the  Americans  under  Colonel  Woodford.  After 
the  death  of  Fordyce,  who  was  killed  during  the  battle,  the  British 
were  commanded  by  Captain  William  Leslie,  son  of  the  Earl  of  Levin, 
who  was  afterwards  killed  at  Princeton.  New  Jersey. 

"  To  the  Inhabitants  of  Princess  Anne  &  Norfolk  Counties : 

'*  The  late  Action  at  this  Place  it  is  hoped,  will  convince  you,  that 
we  are  able  to  give  you  that  Protection  which  we  were  sent  down  to 
afford  you;  And  this  is  to  inform  you  that  not  withstand  *g  you  have 
taken  the  Oath  prescribed  by  Lord  Dunmore,*  &  Some  of  you  actually 
taken  up  Arms  against  your  Country,  still  it  is  not  my  Design  to  injure 
any  of  your  Persons  or  Properties;  on  the  contrary,  I  meant  to  protect 
them,  and  afford  you  all  the  Assistance  in  my  Power. 

"For  these  reasons  I  expect  you  will  behave  well  to  all  my  Parties, 
view  all  the  Passes  and  other  Places  where  an  Enemy  may  be  con- 
cealed, &  give  me,  or  the  nearest  officer  of  my  Troops,  immediate 
Notice  thereof,  I  expect  a  Number  of  men  will  assemble  at  Kemp's 
Landing  t  to  protect  that  Place,  till  the  Arrival  of  the  Troops,  &  make 
the  best  Provision  for  our  Reception.  The  Commissary  will  pay  the 
usual  Price  for  all  Provisions  &c. 

"  Wm.  Woodford  Col  V  R— m.J 
Great  Bridge." 

The  above  is  not  dated. 


A  Muster  Roll  of  Captain  Ambrose  Madison's  3 

Company  of  foot  in  the  Regiment  of  Volunteer  Guards  at  the  Bar- 
racks in  Albemarle  county,  where  Francis  Taylor  Esqr  is  Commander 

to  June  1st  1779. 

Commissioned. 

Ambrose  Madison,  Captain,  appointed  January  roth,  1779. 
James  Burton,  Lieutenant,  do  do 

John  Goodall,  Ensign,  do  do 

*John  Murray,  Earl  Dunmore,  born  in  173a,  died  in  Ramsgate,  England,  in  May,  1809, 
Succeeded  to  the  peerage  in  1756,  and  was  appointed  Governor  oi  Virginia  in  1771. 

t  Kemp's  Landing,  now  the  village  of  Kempsville,  is  about  10  miles  southeasterly  from 
Norfolk,  on  the  eastern  branch  of  the  Elizabeth  nver,  and  was  the  scene  of  a  skirmish 
which  took  place  between  the  Americans  and  British  on  the  i6th  of  November,  1775. 

JWm.  Woodford  was  bom  in  Caroline  county,  Virginia,  in  1735,  *nd  died  in  New  York 
city,  November  13th,  1780,  while  a  prisoner  in  the  hands  of  the  British. 

§  Captain  Ambrose  Madison  was  a  brother  of  President  James  Madison.  The  original 
of  this  roll  is  in  the  possession  of  a  collateral  descendant  in  Orange  county. 


"X 


NOTES   AND   QUERIES.  459 


Sergeants. 

John  Snow,  enlisted  June  20 ;  time  of  service,  one  year.  Reduced  to 
ranks  2d  July. 

John  Wayt,  enlisted  February  3;  time  of  service,  unlimited.  Sick, 
absent. 

James  Goodall,  enlisted  February  16 ;  time  of  service,  unlimited. 
Reduced  to  ranks  2d  July. 

Corporals. 

Ambrose  White,  enlisted  January  23;  time  of  service,  unlimited. 
Discharged  loth  February. 

Richard  Quinn,  enlisted  February  7;  time  of  service,  unlimited. 
Sick,  absent. 

Norman  Kidd,  enlisted  May  26 ;  time  of  service,  unlimited.  Dis- 
charged 2d  July. 

Wm.  Tinsley,  enlisted  January  21 ;  time  of  service,  unlimited.  Not 
joined. 

Drum.    Fifer. 

Privates. 

1.  Jedikon  Canterberry,  enlisted  January  22;  time  of  service,  unlim- 

ited. 

2.  Ambrose  Lucas,  enlisted  January  25 ;  time  of  service,  unlimited. 

3.  James  Farguson,  enlisted  January  29. 

4.  John  Bamett,  enlisted  January  27. 

5.  John  Davis,  enlisted  February  16 ;  time  of  service,  one  year. 

6.  Lewis  Davis,  enlisted  February  16 ;  time  of  service,  one  year. 

7.  Zacha.  Lucas,  enlisted  February  2;   time  of  service,  unlimited. 

Sick,  absent. 

8.  William  Hayar,  enlisted  February  9 ;  time  of  service,  unlimited. 

9.  Jonathan  Roach,  enlisted  January  26. 

10.  Wm.  Goodall,  enlisted  February  11;  time  of  service,  two  years. 

Sick,  absent. 

1 1 .  David  Roach,  enlisted  January  26.    Sick,  absent. 

12.  John  Lane,  enlisted  January  22;  time  of  service,  two  years. 

13.  David  Vawter,  enlisted  January  17.     Discharged  ist  June. 

14.  James  Harvey,  enlisted  January  26;  time  of  service,  two  jears. 

15.  Absalom  Roach,  enlisted  February  13 ;  time  of  service,  unlimited. 

16.  Colub  Jennins,  enlisted  February  3 ;  time  of  service,  unlimited. 

17.  William  Harris,  enlisted  February  8. 

18.  John  Young,  enlisted  January  20. 

19.  William  Ballard,  enlisted  April  4. 

20.  Jas.  McGinness.  enlisted  January  23. 

21.  Bean ,  enlisted  January  19.    Not  joined. 


460  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

22.  Alex.  White,  enlisted  January  17.    Deserted  12th  April. 

23.  Starke  Right,  enlisted  February  2. 

24.  Reuben  Roach,  enlisted  January  26.    Died  15th  Apiil. 

25.  Alex.  Mackenny,  enlisted  March  14. 

1779.  July  14th. 

Then  mustered  Captain  A.  Madison's  Company  as  specified  in  the 

above  roll. 

C.  Clay,  D.  M.  Ma. 

Post  Char  lot  tesrnlle. 


Extracts  from  Records  of  Bath  County. 

The  following  extracts  from  the  Records  of  Bath  County  Court  were 
made  by  Mr.  J.  T.  McAllister,  of  Warm  Springs,  Va.,  in  January,  1894: 

"  On  the  nth  day  of  September,  1832,  personally  appeared  before  the 
justices  of  the  county  court  of  Bath,  now  sitting  in  court,  Richard  Cole, 
aged  82  years  last  March,  who  is  a  resident  of  this  county,  who  first 
being  duly  sworn  according  to  law  on  his  oath,  makes  the  following 
declaration  in  order  to  obtain  the  benefit  of  the  provision  made  by  the 
Act  of  Congress  passed  June  the  7th,  1832.  That  he  enlisted  in  the 
Continental  service  of  the  United  States  in  the  year  1780,  for  and  during 
the  war  and  continued  in  the  service  until  the  war  ended.  That  he 
enlisted  under  Captain  William  Long,  and  was  with  the  company  at- 
tached to  the  regiment  commanded  by  Colonel  Charles  Dabney.  He 
enlisted  at  the  Warm  Springs,  in  the  then  county  of  Augusta,  in  this 
state,  and  was  marched  down  to  near  Portsmouth,  in  this  state,  where 
he  was  stationed  for  some  time.  From  thence  he  marched  to  Sleepy 
Holes,  and  from  thence  to  the  south  side  of  James  river  opposite 
Jamestown.  From  thence  cross  to  Jamestown,  and  was  in  the  battle  at 
Hot  Water,  about  16  miles  above  Williamsburg,  and  was  from  thence 
drove  by  the  British  into  the  county  Albemarle,  in  this  state,  to  a  place 
called  Raccoon  Ford,  at  which  place  General  Wayne  joined  the  army 
and  pursued  the  British  down  to  Richmond,  Williamsburg  and  to  Yorkt 
and  was  at  Little  York  and  in  the  battle  at  the  time  of  Cornwallis's 
surrender.  He  was  then  marched  to  Winchester  Barracks,  where  he 
was  discharged  on  the  i6th  of  July,  1783;  which  discharge  he  has 
lost.  He  hereby  relinquishes  every  claim  whatever  to  a  pension  or 
annuity  except  the  present,  and  he  declares  that  his  name  is  not  on  the 
pension  rolls  of  any  agency  in  any  State. 

Richard  (X)  Cole,  (his  mark). 

On  this  nth  day  of  September,  1832,  personally  appeared  before  the 
justices  of  the  county  court  of  Bath,  in  this  state,  now  sitting  in  court, 
John  McGIoughlin,  aged  about  69  years  26  May,  1764,  county  of  Rock- 
ingham, then  Augusta,  who  being  first  duly  sworn  according  to  law, 
doth  make  the  following  declaration  in  order  to  obtain  the  benefit  of 


NOTES   AND  QUERIES.  461 

the  provision  made  by  Act  of  Congress  passed  June  7th,  1832.  That 
he  entered  into  the  service  of  the  United  States  on  the  ist  day  of 
January,  178 1,  as  a  volunteer,  under  the  command  of  Captain  William 
Kinkead  and  Jacob  Warwick,  Lieutenant,  and  was  placed  under  the 
command  of  Colonel  Sampson  Mathews,  That  he  was  to  serve  three 
months  with  the  militia  of  Augusta  county,  in  this  state.  He  marched 
to  Portsmouth,  where  he  remained  three  months.  That  he  was  in  a 
skirmish  with  the  British  on  a  Sunday  morning.  The  regiment  to 
which  he  was  attached  he  does  not  recollect.  He  was  then  discharged 
and  returned  home.  That  he  served  another  tour  of  duty,  either  the 
first  or  second  Spring  after  the  surrender  of  Cornwallis,  being  drafted 
in  the  county  of  Rockingham  to  serve  three  months  against  the  Indians. 
That  he  was  stationed  at  Hinkles  Fort,  on  the  North  Fork  of  the  South 
Branch  of  the  Potomac.  That  he  served  under  Captain  William  Smith 
and  Neil  Cain,  which  draft  was  made  under  the  order  of  Col.  Benjamin  ^ 
Harrison,  of  Rockingham  County.  Was  in  no  engagements  and  was 
discharged  some  short  time  before  the  three  months  expired,  but  re- 
ceived no  written  discharge. 

He  further  states  that  he  served  another  tour  of  duty  as  a  Volunteer 
in  the  year  1783  or  1784.  To  the  best  of  his  recollection,  for  three 
months,  and  marched  from  Rockingham  County  and  marched  to  Ty-  i^ 

garts  Valley,  and  from  thence  to  Clarksburg,  under  the  command  of 
Lieutenant  Neil  Cain,  and  having  served  out  his  tour  was  discharged, 
but  received  no  written  discharge.  That  this  company  was  also 
ordered  out  by. Col.  Benjamin  Harrison  aforesaid.  He  hereby  relin- 
quishes every  claim  whatever  to  a  pension  or  annuity  except  the  pre- 
sent, and  declares  that  his  name  is  not  on  the  pension  rolls  of  the 
agency  of  any  state. 

Sworn  to  and  subscribed  the  day  and  year  aforesaid. 

Signed    John  (X)  McGloughlin,  (His  mark). 

On  the  1 2th  day  of  September,  1832,  personally  appeared  before  the 
Justices  of  the  County  court  of  Bath,  in  the  state  of  Virginia,  now  sit- 
ting in  court,  Edward  Stuart,  a  resident  of  said  county  in  the  state 
aforesaid,  aged  73  years  last  February,  who  being  first  duly  sworn  ac- 
cording to  law,  doth  on  his  oath  make  the  following  declaration,  in 
order  to  obtain  the  benefit  of  the  provision  made  by  the  Act  of  Con- 
gress, passed  June  the  7th,  1832. 

That  in  or  about  the  1779  he  served  as  a  substitute  for  Joseph  Boothe, 
a  three  months  tour  of  duty  against  the  Indians  on  the  frontier  of 
Augusta  County,  in  this  state,  at  Clover  Lick  Fort,  under  the  command 
of  Captain  McGery,  but  does  not  recollect  that  he  received  any  written 
discharge.  That  he  was  drafted  to  and  did  serve  about  two  months  or 
upwards  about  the  year  1778  to  guard  the  frontier  of  Augusta  County 
against  the  Indians,  under  the  Command  of  Capt.  Andrew  Lockridge, 


462  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL    MAGAZINE. 

at  Vances  Fort  on  Back  Creek,  then  Augusta  County.    He  was  dis- 
charged but  received  no  written  discharge. 

He  further  states  that  about  the  year  1780  he  was  drafted  to  serve 
another  tour  of  duty  and  did  serve  about  two  months  against  the  Brit- 
ish, and  was  marched  from  Augusta  County  under  the  command  of 
Captain  John  McCoy,  down  to  Richmond,  and  from  there  to  Camp 
Holly.  He  does  not  recollect  the  names  of  the  field  officers  who  were 
in  the  service  at  that  time,  nor  does  he  recollect  of  receiving  a  written 
discharge. 

He  further  states  that  in  the  year  1781  he  was  drafted  for  a  three 
months'  tour  of  duty  against  the  British,  and  was  at  the  seige  and  in 
the  engagement  at  Little  York,  and  was  one  of  the  guards  who  con- 
veyed the  prisoners  to  the  barracks  of  Winchester  in  this  state.  He 
was  under  the  command  of  Captain  Thomas  Wilson  Hicklin,  Major 
John  Wilson,  and  Colonel  Samuel  Vance,  but  does  not  recollect  of 
receiving  a  written  discharge. 

He  further  states  that  in  1782  he  was  drafted  as  an  ensign,  and  served 
in  Captain  George  Poage's  company  for  a  tour  of  duty  of  three  months 
to  guard  the  frontiers  of  Augusta  County,  at  Clover  Lick  Fort,  during 
the  time  of  his  draft  aforesaid  he  was  out  on  several  scouting  parties 
against  the  Indians,  but  received  no  written  discharge. 

He  hereby  relinquishes  every  claim  whatever  to  a  pension  or  annuity 
except  the  present,  and  declares  that  his  name  is  not  on  the  pension 
rolls  of  the  agency  of  any  state. 

Sworn  to  and  subscribed  this  day  and  year  aforesaid. 

Edward  Stuart. 

On  this  1 2th  day  of  September,  1832,  personally  appeared  before  the 
Justices  of  the  county  court  of  Bath,  in  the  state  of  Virginia,  now  sit- 
ting in  court,  John  Stuart,  a  resident  of  this  county  and  state,  aged  71 
years,  who  being  first  duly  sworn  according  to  law,  doth  on  his  oath 
make  the  following  declaration,  in  order  to  obtain  the  benefit  of  the 
provision  made  by  the  act  of  Congress  passed  June  the  7th,  1832. 

That  in  January,  1781,  he  was  drafted  for  a  three  months  tour  of  duty 
and  was  marched  from  Augusta  County  down  to  Newcastle  and  crossed 
James  River  at  Sandy  Point,  and  joined  the  army  next  day.  From  thence 
marched  to  Suffolk,  and  thence  to  Camp  Carson,  at  which  place  he  was 
stationed  during  the  winter,  and  was  frequently  out  on  scouting  parties. 
In  the  month  of  March  he  was  marched  down  to  Portsmouth  and  back 
to  Camp  Carson,  where  he  was  discharged  on  the  loth  of  April,  but 
received  no  written  discharge. 

He  was  under  the  command  of  Captain  Thomas  Hiclin,  Lieutenant 
Jos.  Gwin,  Ensign  Thomas  Wright,  who  were  under  the  command  of 
Colonel  Sampson  Mathews  and  Colonel  Wm.  Bowyer. 

He  further  states  that  he  was  drafted  for  a  three  months'  tour  of  duty, 


NOTES   AND   QUERIES.  463 

and  marched  from  Auc^usta  County  down  to  Little  York,  and  was  in  the 
engagement  at  that  place,  and  was  wounded  on  the  hand  by  the  cut  of 
a  sword,  and  remained  there  until  after  Cornwallis's  surrender ;  was 
then  discharged,  but  received  no  written  discharge. 

He  hereby  releases  any  claim  to  a  pension  or  annuity  except  the 
present,  and  declares  that  his  name  is  not  on  the  pension  rolls  of  the 
agency  of  any  state. 

Sworn  to  and  subscribed  the  day  and  year  aforesaid. 

John  Stewart. 

On  the  9th  day  of  October,  1832,  personally  appeared  before  the  jus- 
tices of  the  County  court  of  Bath,  now  sitting  in  court,  in  the  state  of 
Virginia,  William  Keyser,  a  resident  of  Bath  county,  in  the  state  afore- 
said, aged  77  years,  who  being  first  duly  sworn  according  to  law,  doth 
on  his  oath  make  the  following  declaration  in  order  to  obtain  the  ben- 
efit of  the  provision  made  by  Act  of  Congress,  passed  June  7th,  1832. 

He  states  that  he  enlisted  in  the  service  of  the  United  States  in  the 
Regular  Army  for  the  term  of  three  years,  and  served  out  the  said  term 
of  three  years.  He  enlisted  in  the  county  of  Gluasier^  in  the  state  of 
Virginia,  but  the  time  of  his  enlisting  he  does  not  at  this  time  recollect. 
He  enlisted  under  Captain  Thomas  Baytop,  in  the  2nd  Va.  State  Reg- 
iment. He  then  marched  to  Hampton,  Va.;  after  he  was  there  he  was 
inoculated  for  the  Small  pocks.  He  was  afterwards  marched  to  Val- 
ley Forge,  where  he  joined  the  army  under  General  Washington,  at 
which  place  he  remained  all  winter.  The  next  summer  he  was  marched 
after  the  British,  and  under  the  command  of  Colonel  Chas.  Dabney,  he 
overtook  the  British  at  Monmouth  Church,  and  was  in  an  engagement 
with  the  British  one  whole  day,  and  lay  on  his  arms  all  night,  expect- 
ing to  engage  again  on  the  next  day,  but  on  that  night  the  British  got 
on  board  their  ships.  He  further  states  that  he  was  in  a  skirmish  with 
the  British  at  Saw  Mill  River  Bridge,  near  Fort  Montgomery,  under  the 
command  of  Colonel  Samuel  Griefs,*  and  in  that  skirmish  28  soldiers 
and  2  officers  were  taken  by  the  British.  He  further  states  that  he  was 
in  another  engagement,  and  was  in  front  of  the  army  in  taking  Stony 
Point  Fort,  under  the  command  of  General  Anthony  Wayne,  at  which 
engagement  General  Wayne  received  a  small  wound  in  his  temple, 
and  then  Colonel  Feebeckerf  took  the  command ;  Colonel  Flury  t  was 
the  commander  of  the  vanguard.  He  received  no  wound.  He  states 
that  he  received  a  discharge  in  writing,  which  discharge  was  deposited 
in  the  Auditor's  office  in  Richmond,  Va.,  for  the  purpose  of  entitling 
him  to  draw  his  back  pay.  He  states  that  he  is  known  to  Wm. 
McCIintic  and  Robert  Brinkley,  who  are  his  neighbors.  He  hereby 
relinquishes  every  claim  whatever  to  a  pension  or  annuity  except  the 


♦Presumably  Gist.  tFeblnger.  t  Fleury. 


/" 


464  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL    MAGAZINE. 

present,  and  declares  that  his  name  is  not  on  the  pension  rolls  of  the 
agency  of  any  state. 
Sworn  to  and  subscribed  the  day  and  the  year  aforesaid. 

William  Keyser 

On  this  1 2th  day  ot  January,  1833,  personally  appeared  before  the 
justices  of  the  county  court  of  Bath,  in  the  state  of  Virginia,  now  sit- 
ting in  open  court,  James  Stewart,  aged  76  years,  a  resident  of  this 
county,  who  being  first  duly  sworn  according  to  law,  doth  on  his  oath 
make  the  following  declaration  in  order  to  obtain  the  benefit  of  the 
provision  made  by  the  Act  of  Congress  passed  June  the  7th,  1832. 

That  he  was  born  on  the  2nd  of  January,  1757,  in  the  county  of 
Augusta  (now  Bath),  in  the  state  of  Virginia.  That  he  entered  the 
service  of  Virginia  as  aforesaid,  in  the  year  1778  or  1779,  and  was 
drafted  for  and  served  a  tour  of  three  months  to  guard  the  frontiers  of 
Augusta  county,  at  Clover  Lick  Fort,  against  the  Indians,  under  the 
command  of  Captain  Andrew  Lock  ridge.  He  was  discharged,  but 
does  not  recollect  of  receiving  any  written  discharge.  That  in  the  year 
1779  or  ^>  ^c  ^«^s  again  drafted  as  a  private  and  served  a  tour  of  one 
month  to  guard  the  frontiers  of  Augusta  county,  at  Warwick's  fort, 
against  the  Indians,  under  the  command  of  Captain  Thomas  Hicklin, 
and  was  discharged,  but  received  no  written  discharge,  and  that  he  was 
again  drafted  as  a  private  in  the  year  1781,  and  served  a  three  months 
tour  of  duty  against  the  British,  was  marched  from  Augusta  county, 
under  the  command  of  Captain  Thomas  Hicklin,  Lieutenant  Joseph 
Gwinn,  and  Ensign  Thomas  Wright,  who  were  under  the  command  of 
Colonel  Sampson  Mathews  and  Colonel  Wm.  Bowyer,  down  to  New- 
castle, crossed  James  River  at  Sandy  Point  and  next  day  joined  the  army. 
From  thence  he  marched  to  Suffolk  and  thence  to  Camp  Carson,  where 
he  was  stationed  during  the  winter  and  where  he  took  a  prisoner.  He 
was  frequently  in  scouting  parties,  and  in  the  month  of  March,  marched 
to  Portsmouth,  and  was  there  in  a  skirmish  in  which  several  prisoners 
were  taken,  and  on  the  next  day  marched  back  to  Camp  Carson,  where 
he  was  discharged,  but  received  no  written  discharge. 

He  further  states,  that  in  June,  1781,  he  was  again  drafted  as  a  private 
and  served  a  tour  of  twenty  days.  He  marched  on  horse  back  from 
Augusta  county  to  Jamestown,  under  the  command  of  Captain  Peter 
Hull  and  Colonel  John  McCreary;  was  in  the  battle  at  Jamestown,  and 
was  then  discharged,  but  received  no  written  discharge.  He  further 
states  that  he  served  a  tour  of  one  month  and  ten  days  as  a  substitute 
for  James  Carlile,  in  the  year  1781.  During  that  time  he  crossed  and 
recrossed  James  River  at  Westham,  in  pursuit  of  General  Tarleton, 
and  was  in  the  county  of  Chesterfield  and  Amelia  and  the  town  of 
Petersburgh.  He  was  discharged,  but  received  no  written  discharge. 
He  is  not  in  possession  of  any  documentary  evidence  by  which  he  can 


NOTES   AND   QUERIES.  465 

4 

establish  the  fact  of  his  services,  as  above  set  forth.  That  he  does  not 
know  of  any  person  now  living  by  whom  he  could  prove  the  same. 
That  there  is  no  minister  of  the  Gospel  residing  in  his  neighborhood. 
That  John  Sharp,  John  Carlyle  and  William  McClung  are  his  neighbors, 
who  will  testify  as  to  his  character  for  veracity  and  their  belief  as  to 
his  services  as  a  Revolutionary  Soldier. 

That  he  has  no  record  of  his  age.  He  hereby  relinquishes  every 
claim  whatever  to  a  pension  or  annuity  except  the  present,  and  declares 
that  his  name  is  not  on  the  pension  roll  of  the  agency  of  any  state. 

Sworn  to  and  subscribed  the  day  and  year  aforesaid. 

James  Stewart. 

Washington  and  Colonel  Morse. 

Ediior  of  the  Virginia  Magazine  of  History^  (Sfc.  : 

Sir  :  In  the  Virginia  Magazine  of  History,  for  January,  is  a  list  of 
Virginia  troops  in  Braddock's  campaign,  or  of  part  thereof,  and  George 
Muse  is  named  as  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  Washington's  regiment.  I 
am  satisfied  that  this  is  an  error,  and  that  the  name  should  be  Colonel 
George  Morse,  and  wishing  to  rescue  from  oblivion  an  eminent  char- 
acter, I  will  give  some  facts  with  reference  to  him. 

Colonel  Morse  lived  in  St.  Mary's  Parish,  Caroline,  and  probably  at 
Morse's  Neck,  a  well  known  estate  which  still  bears  his  honored  name. 
Near  by  him  lived  Colonel  James*  Taylor,  at  Midway,  who  was  about 
the  same  age  with  Washington,  a  connexion  of  his,  and  intimate  with 
him.  General  James*  Taylor,  of  Ky.,  son  of  Colonel  James,*  in  his 
autobiography  (manuscript),  says  that  Washington,  after  he  received 
his  military  commission,  came  to  his  father's  and  got  an  introduction 
by  him  to  Colonel  Morse,  and  remained  a  week  with  Morse  studying 
military  tactics,  and  that  Colonel  Morse  was  with  Washington  in  Brad- 
dock's  campaign,  as  was  Colonel  Taylor;  the  latter  was  an  adjutant  or 
inspector,  and  had  to  remain,  very  much  against  his  will,  at  Fort  Cum- 
berland, but  after  Washington's  return  served  with  him  for  six  months 
in  fortifying  the  frontier.  General  James*  Taylor,  being  son  of  Colonel 
James,*  had  every  opportunity  from  his  father  of  being  well  informed 
about  Washington  ;  he  also  married  Keturah  Morse,  daughter  of  Major 
Hugh  Morse,  of  Goochland,  a  near  relative  of  Colonel  George;  and 
besides  this.  General  Taylor  remarks  that  it  is  a  singular  circumstance 
that  he  knew  well  Colonel  George  Morse,  who  instructed  the  beloved 
Washington  in  the  rudiments  of  military  art. 

Now  we  may  well  suppose  that  Washington,  who  selected  his  offi- 
cers, would  not  fail  to  choose  as  lieutenant-colonel  such  an  experienced 
soldier  as  his  old  preceptor,  and  thus  had  the  opportunity  of  receiving 
further  instruction,  which  the  faithful  soldier  needed,  and  no  doubt 
appreciated. 


466  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Colonel  George  Morse  was  entitled  to  5,333  acres  of  land  under  the 
proclamation  of  1765,  for  his  services  in  Braddock*s  campaign,  and  he 
transferred  the  warrants  therefor  to  Colonel  Taylor,  who  entered  them 
in  Kentucky;  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  Colonel  George  Morse  was 
lieutenant* colonel  in  1755,  or  earlier. 

It  may  be  proper  here  to  say  that  Colonel  Taylor's  civil  record  was 
as  distinguished  as  his  military,  that  he  was  surveyor  of  Caroline 
county;  twice  high  sheriff;  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  county  prior  to 
the  Revolution;  one  of  the  committee  of  safety,  and  member  of  the 
House  of  Burgesses  for  some  years  before  the  Revolution,  and  con- 
tinued to  serve  in  that  capacity  and  in  the  Senate  till  old  age  induced 
him  to  resign.  Was,  with  Judge  Pendleton,  member  of  the  convention 
from  Caroline,  to  consider  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution.  He  was 
descended  from  James^  Taylor,  of  Carlisle,  England,  and  therefore 
one  of  the  Taylor  family  of  Orange  and  Caroline.  His  mother  was 
Alice  Thornton,  whose  sister  or  sisters  intermarried  with  the  Bulls  and 
Washingtons.  We  mention  these  facts  to  show  that  entire  faith  may 
be  placed  in  his  statements. 

A.  G.  Grinnan. 
Madison  Mills y  Va. 

The  Public  Records  of  South  Carolina. 

Editor  of  the  Virginia  Magazine  of  History ^  6fc.  : 

Sir:  In  your  January  issue  I  find  the  following  item:  "The  South 
Carolina  Historical  Society  receives  $2,000  a  year  from  the  Stale." 
This  is  an  error,  as  the  Society  has  not  received  any  money  from  the 
State  in  thirty  years,  except  a  small  sum  for  a  specific  purpose  about  ten 
years  ago. 

The  Society,  however,  was  instrumental  in  bringing  to  the  attention 
of  the  General  Assembly,  in  1891,  the  importance  of  procuring  trans- 
cripts of  all  the  papers  in  the  London  Record  office  relating  to  the 
** Province,"  1663-1719,  and  to  the  "Colony,"  1720-76;  and  since  then 
appropriations  amounting  to  $6,500  have  been  made  for  this  purpose, 
and  this  sum  it  is  believed  will  complete  this  large  and  historically  im- 
portant State  work. 

Twenty-five  large  quarto  volumes  have  so  far  been  received,  con- 
taining over  8,000  pages  of  clearly  written  manuscripts,  which  are 
available  to  the  public  in  the  Secretary  of  State's  office.  Mr.  W.  Noel 
Sainsbury  is  in  charge  of  the  work  as  agent  of  the  State,  in  London. 

I  enclose  you  the  recent  report  of  the  Public  Record  Commisions 
and  the  earlier  Society  papers  in  connection  with  this  effiart  in  behalf 
of  the  data,  for  a  truthful  history  of  South  Carolina.  It  is  action  in  the 
right  direction,  and  when  one  realizes  how  large  a  result  can  be 
achieved  by  small  annual  appropriations  wisely  expended,  the  surprise 


\ 


\ 


\ 


\ 


NOTES  AND   QUERIES.  467 

is  great  that  there  is  not  the  more  general  action  of  the  ''  old  thirteen  " 

to  this  end. 

Respectfully, 

Wm.  a.  Courtney. 
Charleston^  5*.  C,  January  75,  18^4. 


Lady  Christina  Griffin. 

Editor  0/  Virginia  Magazine  of  History ^  6fc. : 

Sir  :  I  happened  to  notice,  while  reading  the  January  number  of  the 
Magazine,  a  slight  error  on  page  256  with  regard  to  the  parentage  of 
Lady  Christina  or  Christian  Griffin.  Her  father  was  John  6tk  not  9th 
Earl  of  Traquair. 

On  page  317  the  arms  of  Lieutenant-Colonel  Thomas  Claiborne  are 
given  as  **Ar.  3  chevrons  interlaced  in  base,  a  chief  of  the  last." 
Something  is  omitted  here — the  color  of  the  chevrons,  probably 
''sable,''  judging  from  the  blazon  of  Claiborne  in  Papworth's  armorial. 

Yours  truly, 

W.  G.  Brown. 

IVashingion  and  Lee  University^  Lexington  Va.,  February^  1894. 

[Professor  Brown  is  correct  as  to  the  color  of  the  chevrons. — Editor.] 


An  Early  Jew.—"  Att  A  court  held  for  Yorke  County  24  June  1658." 
"  In  ye  Difference  between  Mrs  Elizabeth  Jones  wife  &  Attorney  of 
Richard  Jones  plte  &  Seign'r  Moses  Nehemiah  the  said  Moses  in  Court 
tendering  Sixteen  pounds  Due  to  ye  plte  by  Bill  in  gold  and  good 
pieces  of  Eight  itt  is  ye  Courts  opinion  that  ye  same  is  good  pay  & 
order  that  ye  same  dischardge  him  from  his  Debt  hee  paying  Costs  by 
reason  hee  refused  payment  without  allowance  for  ye  Gold  by  Mrs 
Jones."     York  Records, 

Charles  II  Proclaimed  in  Virginia. 

'*  By  his  Ma'jyes  Governor  and  Capt  Generall  of  Virginia." 

"  Itt  is  thought  fitt  &  accordingly  ordered  for  the  speedy  &  better 
dispatch  of  all  affaires  tending  to  the  peace  and  welfare  of  this  Collony 
and  the  Inhabitants  thereof  that  all  officers  whatsoever  within  this 
Countrey  doe  remaine  &  continue  within  their  severall  offices  untill 
further  orders  to  ye  contrary.  And  forasmuch  as  it  pleased  Almighty 
God  to  invest  our  most  Gratious  Soveraigne  Charles  the  Second  King 
of  England  Scotland  France  &  Ireland  In  the  Dominion  &  Just  Rights 
of  his  Royal  Father  of  Ever  Sacred  Memory.  These  are  therefore  In 
his  Maj'yes  Name  strictly  to  chardge  and  Comand  you  and  every  of 
you  forthwith  to  cause  the  said  King  to  be  proclaimed  in  every  of  yo'r 
respective  Countyes  and  that  all  Writts  and  warrants  from  henceforth 


468  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL  MAGAZINE. 

Issue  in  His  Majestyes  name.— Hereof  faile  not  as  you  will  Answeare 
ye  Contrary  at  yo'r  Uttermost  peril!.  Given  at  James  Citty  under  my 
hand  this  26th  of  Septembe'r  Sixteen  hundred  and  Sixty. 

William  Berkeley." 

*'To  theSherr  and  other  cheife)  ro^.,*^..^^  c«* .  ^«    ^    \/r        cti^  t 
Officers  of  York  County."  j  [Resto^d  Saturday  79  May.  1660.] 

York  Records,  20  oct'r  1660. 


QUERIES. 

NoRRis  Family. 

Editor  Vir£^inia  Magazine  of  History,  6fc.  : 

Sir:  I  have  an  account  book  of  1761  to  1769,  of  my  great  grand- 
father, Joseph  Norris,  of  Lancaster  county.  Va.,  in  which  I  find  written 
the  following: 

"Joseph  Norris  his  book.  Joseph  Norris  and  Winnie  Webb  were 
married  ye  30th  of  August  in  ye  year  1745.  Joseph  Norris,  their  son, 
was  born  ye  25th  May,  1747.  Anne  Phillips,  daughter  of  Joshua 
Phillips  and  Sarah  his  wife,  was  born  May  ye  15th,  1755.  William 
Phillips  was  born  April  ye  i8th,  1757.  Joseph  Norris  and  Sarah  Phil- 
lips were  married  ye  19th  of  October,  in  ye  year  1760.  Septimus  Nor- 
ris our  son  was  born  July  24th,  1763.  Richard  Norris  our  son  was 
born  March  ye  6th,  1765.  Eppa  Norris  our  son  was  born  ye  7th  of  May, 
1767.  Sarah  Norris  our  daughter  born  ye  12th  of  November,  1769. 
Mary  Norris  daughter  was  born  ye  12th  of  January,  1772.  William 
Norris,  son  of  Joseph  Norris  and  Sarah  Norris,  was  born  ye  20th  of 
March,  1774." 

The  last  named  was  my  grandfather,  who  settled  in  Baltimore,  Md., 
in  1792. 

Can  any  of  your  readers  inform  me  when  the  ancestors  of  Joseph 
Norris,  who  married  Sarah  Phillips,  settled  in  Virginia,  their  names, 
&c.  ?    What  Phillips  are  descended  from  Anne  and  William  Phillips? 

S.  Henry  Norris. 

Philadelphia,  March  ist,  1894, 

The  Morse  Family. 

Wishing  that  some  one  may  give  the  Morse  genealogy  and  their 
coat  of  arms,  I  furnish  some  notes  about  them. 

On  page  27,  William  and  Mary  quarterly  for  July,  1893,  arms  are 
mentioned,  but  not  given  of  Edward  Moss  and  Eleanor  his  wife,  and 
Edward  Moss,  Jr.,  of  York  county,  1658,  are  named. 

Edward  Moss,  J.  P.  for  York  in  1699.  James  Morse,  J.  P.  for  New 
Kent  in  1699.    Francis  Morse,  J.  P.  for  Princess  Anne  in  1699.    Major 


NOTES   AND   QUERIES.  469 

Hugh  Morse,  of  Goochland,  died  1779.  His  youngest  son  was  the  late 
Dr.  James  W.  Morse,  of  Missouri.  The  wife  of  Hugh  was  Jane  Ford; 
after  his  death  she  married  three  times  and  had  issue  by  each  husband. 
She  moved  to  vicinity  of  Lexington,  Ky.,  in  1785.  Heny  Clay's  father 
was  a  Baptist  minister  and  pastor  of  the  parents  of  Jane  Ford. 

A.  G.  Grinnan. 
Madison  Mills ^  Va,^  March  /.  i8g4. 


The  Flournoy  Family. 

Mr.  Flournoy  Rivers,  attorney  at  law,  Pulaski,  Tennessee,  has  in 
contemplation  the  tracing  of  the  ramiBcations  of  the  Flournoy  family 
back  to  the  first  Huguenot  settlement  in  Virginia,  if  the  work  should 
meet  the  approbation  and  co-operation  of  the  various  lines  of  the 
connexion.    He  therefore  invites  correspondence  on  the  subject. 

Mr.  Rivers'  mother  was  Miss  Julia  Flournoy,  descended  from  Silas 
Flournoy,  sometime  of  Powhatan  county,  Va.,  near  Jude's  Ferry,  later 
of  Tennessee,  who  died  at  Pulaski,  Tennessee,  May  18, 1822. 

Mr.  Rivers  also  desires  some  information  about  the  antecedents  of 
Littleberry  Mosby,  late  of  Cumberland,  and  William  Cannon,  late  of 
Buckingham  county. 

William  Cannon  was  the  father-in-law  of  Silas  Flournoy.  sometime 
of  Powhatan  county,  Mr.  Rivers'  maternal  great-grandfather. 

Littleberry  Mosby  was  Cannon's  father-in-law,  Silas  Flournoy  mar- 
ried Martha  Cannon. 

Why  are  Littleberry  Mosby  and  William  Cannon  spoken  of  as  "  Col- 
onel ? " 

Was  Littleberry  Mosby  sheriff  of  Cumberland  in  1753,  and  a  member 
of  the  Committee  of  Safety  in  1774-5? 

Cannon's  first  wife  was  Elizabeth  Mosby;  his  second  a  Miss  Cocke, 
possibly  Bettie,  maybe  Martha. 

Is  not  this  the  same  William  Cannon  who  married  Miss  Cocke,  page 
195,  "  Huguenot  Emigration  to  Virginia," — Cocke  Genealogy  ? 

William  Cannon  had  two  sons,  John  and  William,  of  the  Cocke  mar- 
riage, and  he  and  they  came  to  Tennessee  in  181 2;  went  to  Caldwell 
or  Christian  county.  Western  Kentucky,  in  1820,  where  he  died  in  that 
year.    Is  buried  in  Caldwell  county. 

Sally  Cannon,  unmarried  daughter  of  the  Cannon-Mosby  marriage, 
is  buried  at  "Locust  Hill,"  near  here,  where  Silas  Flournoy  settled 
and  died. 


The  Mangum  Family. 

To  the  Editor  of  the  Virginia  Magazine  of  History^  <Sfc. : 

Sir  :  In  making  preparation  for  an  extensive  sketch  of  the  career  of 
the  late  Hon.  Willie  P.  Mangum,  who  was  for  many  years  a  senator  in 


470  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Congress  from  North  Carolina,  I  am  in  uncertainty  as  to  the  origin  of 
his  family.  His  grandfather,  Arthur  Mangum,  was  in  North  Carolina 
as  early  as  1775.  I  think  it  probable  that  he  came  to  North  Carolina 
from  Virginia,  but  have  no  proof  of  this.  I  have  not  been  able  to 
trace  the  family  further  back.  Were  there,  or  are  there,  Mangums  in 
Virginia  ?  There  is  a  tradition  that  the  family  is  Welsh  and  that  the 
original  form  was  Mangolus.  Is  this  anything  more  than  a  conjecture  ? 
Or  is  the  family  Huguenot  and  connected  with  the  name  Manigault  ? 
This  seems  possible  to  me.  I  shall  be  glad  for  any  light  on  the  name, 
or  for  any  material  on  the  career  of  Senator  Mangum. 

Stephen  B.  Weeks. 
The  Johns  Hopkins  University ^  BaltUnore^  joth  March ^  1894. 


ANSWERS  TO  QUERIES. 

The  following  replies  to  the  queries  of  Colonel  £.  M.  Heyl  which 
appeared  in  our  January,  1894,  number  on  page  333  have  been  con- 
tributed by  a  correspondent: 

Walker  of  Middlesex.  (See  -^fl^a^rtw^,  January,  '94,  page  333). 
Perhaps  Mary  Walker,  wife  of  Charles  Carter,  of  "Cleve,'*  may  have 
been  of  the  same  family  as  the  persons  whose  wills  (recorded  in  Mid- 
dlesex county)  and  inventories  I  give  abstracts  of. 

Will  of  Richard  Walker,  merchant  in  Urbanna.  To  my  nephew 
James,  son  of  brother  James  Walker  all  of  my  lands  in  Spotsylvania 
County,  "  1400  and  odd  acres,"  with  the  negroes,  white  servants,  and 
Stock  &c.  on  it ;  also  a  lot  in  Urbanna  *  bounded  on  the  south  by  Vir- 
ginia Street,  being  a  corner  lot  fronting  the  market  place ;  also  /'500 
current  money.  To  niece  Ann  Walker,  daughter  of  brother  James 
Walker,  as  much  as  will  make  her  share  in  her  father's  estate  £soo 
current  money ;  to  nieces  Ann  and  Catherine  Walker  my  chair  and 
horse;  to  brother  John  Walker  at  Ashbourne  in  Derbyshire,  ;£'2o  ster- 
ling for  a  suit  of  mourning ;  to  brother  Thomas  Walker,  of  the  same 
place,  ;^2o  sterling  for  a  suit  of  mourning;  to  brother  Edward  Walker, 
of  the  same  place,  £qo  sterling  for  a  suit  of  mourning ;  to  sister  Jean 
Lochet,  at  Leake  in  Staffordshire,  ;^2o  sterling  for  mourning ;  legacies 
to  friends  Mr.  Thomas  Nelson,  merchant,  at  Yorktown,  Mr.  Bartholo- 
mew Yates,  Rector  of  Christ  Church  Parish,  Middlesex,  Charles  Bur- 
gess, Lancaster  County,  Wm.  Wood,  and  Dr.  Mark  Bannerman. 
Nephew  James  Walker  to  be  sent  home  to  the  care  of  Mr.  Foster 
Cunliffe,  merchant  in  Liverpool,  to  learn  Lattin  about  three  years,  and 
then  to  be  taken  from  the  Lattin  School  and  put  to  learn  arithmetic 
and  merchants  accounts,  navigation  or  any  other  parts  of  the  Mathe- 


*  I  believe  there  is  at  Middlesex  C.  H.  an  old  plat  of  the  town  of  Urbanna. 


NOTES   AND  QUERIES.  471 

matics  he  inclines  to.  To  John  Walker,  eldest  son  of  brother  James 
Walker,  all  the  remainder  of  estate.  Dated  March  ist,  1726,  proved 
Middlesex  April  4,  1726.  Inventory  of  personal  estate  of  Mr.  Richard 
Walker,  recorded  in  Middlesex,  includes  many  goods  in  the  store 
(among  them  three  Bibles  and  some  school  books),  and  articles  in  the 
dwelling-house  (including  16  books),  and  on  plantations.  Total  ap- 
praisement ;f  1352.  1 8.  10. 

Will  of  John  Walker  :  To  daughter  Sarah  Walker,  land  in  Caro- 
line &c.;  daughter  Clara  Walker,  land  in  Spotsylvania  &c.,  lots  and 
houses  in  Urbanna,  and  land  *'  by  the  Grange,"  Middlesex,  to  be  sold 
and  the  proceeds  divided  between  these  two  daughters.  All  other  es- 
tate to  be  similarly  divided.  Daughter  Sarah  to  live  with  her  grand- 
mother, Mrs.  Sarah  Yates,  and  daughter  Clara  to  live  with  Captain 
Henry  Thacker  and  his  wife.  Dated  March  18,  1744-5;  proved  Mid- 
dlesex, May  7th,  1745. 

Inventory  and  appraisement  of  personal  estate  of  John  Walker,  in 

Middlesex,  jCH^^  io-  4'i  ^^  Caroline,  ;f668.  4.  6;  in  Spotsylvania,  £^2^. 

2.0;  additional  inventory  amounting  to:  sterling  money  and  bonds, 

;f  1,296.  14.  II ;  goods,  ;^i4i;   stemmed  tobacco  on  Captain  Robert 

Robinson,  consigned  to  John  Hanbury,  16,738  lbs.;  sold  him  at  14  sh. 

current  money,  equal  to  ;fii7.  3.  3.    Recorded  Middlesex  March  11, 

i745-*6. 

G. 


Samuel  Griffin.  (See  Ma^^azing  January ^  1894,  p.  333).  About  the 
earliest  appearance  of  his  name  in  the  records  is  a  grant,  in  1662,  of 
2,200  acres  to  Samuel  Griffin,  of  Rappahannock  county,  merchant. 
There  was  recorded  in  Rappahannock  county,  a  deed,  dated  1665,  from 
Samuel  Griffin,  of  Rappahannock,  merchant,  to  Thomas,  son  of 
Thomas  Griffin,  deceased.  In  Lancaster  county,  1661,  Samuel  Griffin 
is  recorded  as  assignee  of  Captain  Richard  Hobbs.  As  stated  in  the 
note  on  page  256,  of  the  January  Magazine,  the  records  of  Rappahan- 
nock county  show  that  Samuel  Griffin  married  Sarah,  widow  of  Thomas 
Griffin.  This  was  before  1671,  as  in  that  year,  there  is  on  record  a  deed 
from  Ambrose  Clare,  of  New  Kent  county,, to  Katherine,  daughter  of 
Samuel  Griffin,  of  Rappahannock  county,  on  account  of  love  and  affec- 
tion to  said  Katherine.  In  will  of  Robert  Beckingham,  of  Lancaster, 
January  10,  1675,  are  legacies  to  his  friends  *'  Major  Samuel  Griffin  and 
his  now  wife."  On  September  18,  1677,  Samuel  Griffin,  of  Rappahan- 
nock county,  made  a  power  of  attorney  to  his  "  loving  friend  "  Leroy 
Griffin.  There  was  recorded  in  Rappahannock,  1688,  a  deed  from 
Samuel  Griffin,  of  Northumberland,  to  William,  son  of  William 
Fauntleroy,  on  account  of  love  and  affection.  Colonel  Samuel  Griffin 
was  a  justice  of  Northumberland  in  1692,  and  was  first  in  the  commis- 

8 


472  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

sion  in  1699.      In   1699  there  is  a  deed  in  Richmond  county  from 
David  Gwin  and  his  wife  Katherine,  daughter  of  Samuel  Griffin. 

It  may  perhaps  be  useful  to  Colonel  Heyl  to  have  a  fuller  abstract  of 
the  will  of  Samuel  Griffin,  than  that  given  in  the  last  Magazine.  Will 
of  Samuel  Griffin,  of  Northumberland  county,  gentleman,  to  my  grand- 
son Griffin  Fauntleroy,  son  of  William  F.,  all  my  land  in  Cherry  Point 
Neck ;  grandson  Wm.  Fauntleroy,  another  son  of  said  Wm.  F.,  a  tract 
of  land,  called  Quintanicoke,  in  Richmond  county,  about  1,000  acres; 
grandson  Moore  Fauntleroy,  live  negroes;  to  said  grandson  Griffin 
Fauntleroy,  three  negroes ;  to  granddaughter  Elizabeth  Gwyn,  daugh- 
ter ol  David  Gwyn  (my  son-in-law),  one  negro,  and  also  a  gold  ring 
with  a  diamond  stone ;  granddaughter  Sarah  Gwyn,  daughter  of  said 
David  G.,  one  negro;  to  grandson-in-law  Thomas  Griffin  and  grand- 
daughter-in-law  Winifred  Presley,  children  of  my  son-in-law  Leroy 
Griffin,  a  mourning  ring  each,  [Leroy  Griffin  was  son  of  Mrs.  Sarah 
Griffin  by  her  first  husband  Thomas  Griffin] ;  to  son-in-law  David 
Gwyn,  ;C5l  to  "'V  daughter  Katherine.  now  wife  of  said  David  Gwyn, 
£5  in  full  of  her  portion ;  to  daughter-in-law  Winfred  Griffin,  late  wife 
of  Leroy  Griffin,  deceased,  £5  \  to  brother-in-law  John  Hobbs.  of  Lon- 
don, and  my  sister  Elizabeth,  his  wife,  a  mourning  ring  each;  to  cousin 
Thomas  Hewitt,  son  of  said  sister  Elizabeth,  £^  and  a  ring ;  to  kins- 
man John  Hewitt,  also  son  of  said  sister,  a  ring ;  to  Katherine,  daughter 
of  my  sister  Katherine  Sprigg,  deceased,  40  shillings.  Of  what  money 
I  have  in  England  I  give  to  my  grandson  Griffin  Fauntleroy,  ;f  10;  to 
grandson  Moore  Fauntleroy  £2$;  and  the  remainder  to  be  divided 
between  grandsons  Griffin,  Moore  and  Wm.  Fauntleroy  Give  them 
also  certain  personal  property  (including  his  silver-hilted  rapier).  All 
household  goods  to  be  equally  divided  between  them.  Makes  same 
provision  as  to  cattle.  To  granddaughter  Katherine  Gwyn,  one  negro, 
six  silver  spoons,  and  two  mourning  rings  I  now  have.  Kinsman  Col. 
Wm.  Tayloe,  a  ring.  Kinsman  Samuel  Godwin  to  have  free  accomo- 
dation in  my  house  for  three  years.  To  grandson  Moore  Fauntleroy, 
one-eighth  of  the  brig  called  the  Concord.  Remainder  of  estate 
equally  between  his  three  Fauntleroy  grandsons.  Appoint  kinsmen 
Col.  Wm.  Tayloe  and  Mr.  Samuel  Godwin,  in  Virginia,  and  Cousin 
Thomas  Hewitt,  in  London,  overseers  of  the  will.  Dated  February 
2d,  1702,  proved  Northumberland  September  15,  1703. 

Very  probably  the  wills  of  John  Hobbs  and  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Hobbs, 

and  of  the  Hewitts  and  Mrs.  Sprigg.  would  throw  light  on  the  English 

relatives  of  Samuel  Griffin.    It  is  likely  that  they  can  be  found  at 

Somerset  House. 

G. 


Keene.    (See  Magazine,  January,  1894,  page  333).     The  following 
notes,  made  during  a  brief  visit  to  the  Northern  Neck,  may  be  of  ser- 


NOTES   AND   QUERIES.  473 

vice  in  regard  to  this  query.  Will  of  Thomas  Keene,  of  Northumber- 
land, dated  November  22d,  1652,  legatees;  wife,  sons  Thomas,  William, 
and  Matthew,  and  daughter  Susanna.  Account  of  cattle  belonging  to 
the  orphans  of  Thomas  Keene,  deceased,  viz:  William,  Susanna, 
Thomas  and  Matthew,  recorded  Northumberland.  March  30,  1659. 
Will  of  Mrs.  Mary  Broughton,  of  Northumberland,  (widow  of  Thomas 
Broughton),  dated  January  2d,  1662,  proved  Northumberland,  Febru- 
ary 10,  1662 ;  legatees :  sons  Thomas,  Matthew,  and  Wm.  Keene ;  and 
Elizabeth  Perry;  (part  of  this  will  has  worn  away).  Will  of  Elizabeth 
Banks,  widow  (probably  of  Thomas  Banks,  who  was  a  justice  of  North- 
umberland, 1691),  proved  Northumberland,  July  20th,  1720;  legatees: 
son  John  Keene,  daughter  Hannah  Bushrod,  grandson  Giles  Sam  ford, 
Sr.,  Samuel  Samford  (who  married  her  daughter,  as  appears  from  a 
record),  grandsons  John  and  Samuel  Samford,  granddaughter  Eliza- 
beth Lee,  granddaughter  Elizabeth  Samford,  grand-children  John  and 
Elizabeth  Woodbridge,  grandson  Wm.  Keene,  mentions  land  she  bought 
of  her  son-in-law,  John  Bushrod.  The  Inventory  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth 
Banks  shows  a  large  estate,  including  slaves,  large  amount  of  wearing 
apparel,  28  books,  15  silver  spoons,  6  silver  cups,  &c.  [From  an  epi- 
taph printed  in  Meade,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Banks  is  shown  to  have  been 
formerly  the  wife  of  Wm.  Keene,  who  was  doubtless  the  son  of  Thomas 
Keene,  first  mentioned].  Will  of  William  Keene,  dated  October  8, 
1725*  proved  Northumberland,  February  i6th,  1725;  legatees:  sister 
Elizabeth  Lee,  sister  Ann  Metcalf,  daughter  Elizabeth  Keene,  wife 
Elizabeth.  Wife  and  Captain  Thomas  Newton,  executors.  Will  of  John 
Keene  (who  was  a  justice  of  Northumberland,  17 19),  dated  September 
18,  1740,  proved  October  ist,  1740,  legatees;  wife  Ruth, wife's  daughter 
Sarah  Keene,  testators  grandchildren  Elizabeth  and  John  Wyat  and 
Lucy  and  John  Sugget ;  daughter  Eleanor  Wyat,  son  John,  daughter 
Elizabeth  Sugget,  Cousin  Wm.  Samford;  Sarah  Keene  Bee.  Deed, 
Northumberland,  1750,  from  Elizabeth  Wanghope  to  her  son  Newton 

Keene. 

G. 


Did  (George)  Percy  Denounce  Smith's  History  of 

Virginia  ? 

Lord  Leconfield,  of  Petworth  House,  furnished  Rev.  E.  D.  Neill  with 
a  copy  of  a  MS.  communication  from  George  Percy,  Governor  of  Vir- 
ginia 1609  and  161 2,  to  his  brother  Lord  Percy,  which  is  given  by  Mr. 
Neill  in  his  Preface  to  Virginia  Vetusta  at  p.  5,  and  is  in  the  following 
words : 

**  To  the  right  honorable,  the  Lorde  Percy. 

*'  My  Lorde,  This  relacyon  I  have  here  sente  your  Lordshipp,  is 


474  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL    MAGAZINE. 

for  towe  respects,  the  one,  to  showe  howe  mutche  T  honor  you,  and 
des're  to  doe  you  service,  the  other,  in  regard  that  many  untreuthes 
concerneinge  ihes  p'cedings  have  bene  formerly  published,  wherein 
the  Author  hathe  nott  spared  to  appropriate  many  deserts  to  himselfe 
w'ch  he  never  p* formed,  and  stuffed  his  relacyons  w'th  so  many  false- 
ties,  and  malycyous  detractyons,  nott  onely  of  this  p'ts  and  tyme  w'ch 
I  have  selected  to  treate  of,  Butt  of  former  occurrentes  also:  So  thatl 
I  coulde  nott  conteine  my  selfe,  but  expresse  the  Treuthe  unto  your 
Lordshipp  concerninge  theise  affayres,  and  all  w*ch  I  ayme  att  is  to 
manyfeste  niyselfe  in  all  my  actyons  bothe  now  and  always  to  be 

Your  Lordshipps  humble  and  faithfnll  Servante 

G.  P. 

Then  follows  a  fragment  of— "A  Treue  Relacyon  of  the  p'cedings 
and  ocurentes  of  momente  w'ch  have  hapened  in  Virginia,  from  the 
Tyme  St.  Thomas  Gates  was  shipwrackte  uppon  the  Bermudas,  An'o 
1609,  until  my  dep'ture  out  of  the  country  w'ch  was  in  An'o  1612." 
There  were  41  pages  of  this  manuscript,  but  all  between  pages  3  and  37 
are  missing.  Mr.  Neill  thinks  they  were  taken  and  used  by  the  Rev. 
Samuel  Purchas  in  preparing  his  "  Pilgrims  "  published  in  1625.  In  the 
fragment  which  has  been  preserved  and  printed  by  Neill,  Argall  is 
mentioned  as  Sir  Samuel  Argall,  and  as  he  was  knighted  in  1622  it  is 
concluded  by  Mr.  Neill  that  the  manuscript  was  written  after  that  date — 
but  neither  the  letter  nor  the  fragment  of  manuscript  bear  any  date, 
and  neither  mention  the  name  of  Captain  John  Smith  nor  refer  to  his 
History  of  Virginia,  published  in  1624,  nevertheless  Mr.  Neill  makes 
the  following  note  upon  them  :  "  The  above  relation  was  prepared  after 
Captain  Smith  published  exaggerated  and  incorrect  narrations.''  Mr. 
Alexander  Brown  in  his  Genesis  of  the  United  States,  has  followed  Mr. 
Neill  in  attributing  the  reference  of  Percy  to  Captain  Smith,  (see  page 
1009),  and  in  newspaper  articles  since  the  publication  of  his  book  has 
reiterated  the  charge,  and  has  held  up  Percy's  letter  as  conclusive  con- 
demnation of  Smith's  History  of  Virginia. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  Smith  left  the  colony  in  the  fall  of  1609, 
and  that  Percy  acted  as  governor  afterwards  till  the  arrival  of  Sir 
Thomas  Gates  on  21st  May,  1610.  (Genesis  p.  894).  Again  on  the 
departure  of  Lord  Delaware,  March.  161 1,  Percy  acted  as  governor 
until  the  arrival  of  Sir  Thomas  Dale  in  May  following.  (Genesis  p. 
964).  These  were  all  of  the  services  of  Percy  as  Governor  of  Virginia. 
The  history  of  his  first  administration  is  given  in  the  Oxford  Tract, 
published  in  1612,  which  was  written  by  Richard  Potts,  one  of  the  col- 
onists, and  was  based  on  the  writings  of  certain  colonists  whose  names 
are  given,  but  Capt.  Smith  was  not  one  of  them.  This  Tract,  near  its 
close,  has  the  following  sentence,  "  As  for  all  their  particular  actions 
since  the  relurne  of  Captaine  Smith,  for  that  they  have  beene  printed 


NOTES   AND   QUERIES.  475 

from  time  to  time,  and  published  to  the  world,  I  cease  farther  to 
trouble  you  with  any  repetition  of  things  so  well  known,  more  than  are 
necessarie."  A  number  of  these  and  other  publications  were  used  by 
Purchas  in  writing  his  great  work — his  "  Pilgrims,"  published  in  1625, 
as  we  learn  from  him  at  page  1705  of  volume  IV. 

In  view  of  these  facts,  which  cannot  be  disputed,  the  logic  of  Messrs 
Neill  and  Brown  is  quite  phenominal.  Their  argument  may  be  stated 
as  follows : 

First  Premise. 

Percy  wrote  his  letter  to  his  brother  not  earlier  than  1622.  When 
Argall  was  knighted. 

Second  Premise. 

Smith  published  his  History  of  Virginia  in  1624,  after  many  accounts 
of  Virginia  affairs  had  been  published  by  others. 

Third  Premise. 

Percy  in  his  letter  without  date,  alludes  to  some  account  of  his  ad- 
ministrations and  of  previous  occurrences  formerly  published,  as  un- 
truthful, and  stuffed  with  malicious  detractions. 

Conclusions  from  above  Premises. 

First.  That  Smith's  Hi.story  of  Virginia  was  the  publication  referred 
to  by  Percy.  ' 

Second.  That  it  is  thereby  demonstrated  that  Smith's  History  of  Vir- 
ginia is  untruthful  and  stuffed  with  malicious  detractions. 

No  intelligent  reader  can  fail  to  detect  the  worthlessness  of  the  con- 
clusions arrived  at  by  Messrs.  Neill  and  Brown  from  such  premises.  It 
is  clear  that  they  have  no  evidence  to  support  their  theory  that  Percy 
was  attacking  Smith,  and  that  his  attack  was  conclusive  of  Smith's 
want  of  veracity. 

It  is  proverbially  difficult  to  prove  a  negative,  and  yet  a  negative  in 
this  case  seems  to  be  capable  of  proof.  The  following  are  the  facts  : 
Captain  Smith  in  his  history  of  Virginia  used  the  account  of  Percy's 
first  administration,  which  had  been  published  in  the  Oxford  Tract 
twelve  years  before,  and  he  added  nothing  to  it  disparaging  to  Percy, 
in  fact  followed  it  closely.  This  account  is  without  prejudice  to 
Percy.  After  relating  the  confusion  consequent  to  the  departure  of 
Smith  and  the  attack  of  the  Indians,  it  adds:  ''Master  Percie  was  so 
sicke  he  could  neither  goe  nor  stand."  The  account  in  the  Oxford 
Tract  and  in  Smith's  History,  are  both  given  in  Arber's  edition  of 
Smith's  works  (pages  170  and  497).  When  examined  by  the  Royal  com- 
missions for  the  reformation  of  Virginia  in  1624,  Smith  only  reiterated 
the  statement  of  the  Oxford  tract  as  to  the  decline  of  the  colony  under 
Percy's  first  administration.    (Arber  615). 


476  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

That  the  colony  experienced  great  disasters  after  Smith's  departure 
is  not  disputed,  and  it  is  well  authenticated  history  that  Gates  was  only 
prevented  from  abandoning  the  settlement,  by  the  arrival  of  Lord 
Delaware  with  fresh  recruits  and  supplies. 

The  second  administration  of  Percy,  covering  only  a  few  weeks,  is 
given  by  Smith  in  his  history  of  Virginia  (Arber  p.  505),  in  an  extract 
from  a  report  of  Lord  Delaware  upon  his  return  to  England  in  161  t. 
The  only  allusion  to  Percy  is  in  these  words:  "For  the  colony  I  left  it 
to  the  charge  of  Captain  George  Percy,  a  gentleman  of  honour  and 
resolution,  until  the  coming  of  Sir  Thomas  Dale."  Dale  arrived  loth 
May,  1611,  and  Ralph  Hamor,  who  came  with  him,  is  quoted  by  Smith 
(Arber  p.  507)  as  describing  the  condition  in  which  he  found  the  colony, 
as  follows:  "  He  found  them  growing  again  to  their  former  estate  of 
penurie,  being  so  improvident  as  not  to  put  come  in  the  ground  for 
their  bread,  but  with  three  months  provision."  This  account  of  Hamor 
had  evidently  been  printed,  as  Smith  says  his  extract  '*  is  taken  out  of 
Master  Hamor's  book."  It  is  corroborated  by  the  report  of  Sir 
Thomas  Dale  to  the  London  Company  25th  May,  161 1,  printed  in  the 
Genesis.  (See  pp.  489-494).  It  can  not  be  concluded  therefore  that 
this  extract  given  by  Smith,  could  have  been  referred  to  by  Percy  as 
evidence  of  Smith's  untruthfulness. 

As  these  are  the  references  to  Percy's  administrations  found  in 
Smith's  History,  it  is  very  certain  that  Percy  was  not  denouncing  Smith, 
but  some  other  writer  in  his  letter  to  his  brother. 

W.  W.  Henry. 


BOOK     REVIEWS.  477 


Book  Reviews. 

History  of  Gloucester  County,  Virginia,  and  Its  Families. — 
By  (Mrs.)Saliy  Nelson  Robins,  (assistant  librarian  of  the  Virginia  His- 
torical Society).  Photographs  by  Miss  Blanche  Dimmock,  of  Sher- 
wood, Va.    West,  Johnston  &  Co.,  Richmond,  Va.,  1893;  pp.  21. 

The  first  essay  towards  this  charming  little  book  was  published  in  a 
Richmond  newspaper;  but  the  demand  for  its  reproduction  in  a  more 
permanent  form  was  so  strong,  that  the  accomplished  authoress,  making 
valuable  additions,  and  including  views  of  historic  places  in  Gloucester 
(by  a  skilfull  amateur  of  that  county),  republished  it  in  its  present 
shape. 

To  compress  into  twenty  pages  two  hundred  and  fifty  years  of  the 
history  of  a  section  that  always  figured  largely  in  Virginian  affairs,  was 
not  an  easy  task;  but  Mrs.  Robins  is  to  be  congratulated  on  the  suc- 
cessful way  in  which  she  has  accomplished  it — a  success  which  is  not 
only  due  to  a  pleasant  style  and  a  quick  conception  of  the  striking  and 
picturesque,  but  largely  to  that  which  makes  Campbell  still  (in  spite  of 
our  present  increased  knowledge  of  the  manuscript  sources  of  Virginia 
history)  the  best  and  most  interesting  of  our  historians — a  loving  regard 
for  her  subject,  and  an  intimate  personal  acquaintenance  with  the 
people  and  places  of  which  she  treats. 

Not  only  are  we  given  a  succinct  account  of  the  history  of  the  county, 
but  a  series  of  sketches  of  domestic  life;  which,  brief  though  they  be, 
are  of  permanent  value  as  a  contribution  to  the  history  of  the  Virginia 
people. 

Mrs.  Robins  has  set  an  example  which  we  hope  may  be  followed  in 
every  county  of  the  State.  Elaborate  county  histories  are  works  which 
require  much  time,  labor  and  expense.  Hardly  a  county  in  the  Northern 
and  Central  (and  in  many  of  the  Western  States)  is  without  such  a 
history,  and  we  hope  that  at  some  time  in  the  future  the  same  will  be 
the  case  in  Virginia.  But  in  the  meantime  let  the  '^  shorter  histories  ** 
be  prepared  and  published,  which  will  pave  the  way  to  greater  things. 
Many  years  ago  when  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  stood  highest  as  an 
antiquarian's  oracle,  its  proprietors  thought  it  worth  while  to  publish  a 
series  of  county  histories,  very  much  in  the  manner  of  Mrs.  Robins 's 
pamphlet. 

In  only  a  few  instances  can  we  find  an  error  which  should  be  cor- 
rected. On  page  3  it  is  stated  that  one  of  the  shires  formed  in  1631 
was  named  Pamunkey.  It  was  in  1634  that  the  country  was  divided  into 
shires,  and  that  which  included  the  present  Gloucester,  was  called 
Charles  river.  {Hening  I,  224).  York  river  was  at  one  time  called 
Pamunkey,  but  none  of  the  counties  was  ever  so  called.    And  the  list 


478  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

of  officers  given  on  page  8  is  not,  necessarily,  of  those  who  served  in 
the  Revolution,  but  of  those  who  bore  militia  commissions  in  the 
county  at  the  beginning  of  the  war. 

Though  a  writer  would  be  greatly  handicapped  by  the  total  destruc- 
tion of  the  county  records,  no  part  of  Virginia  would  afford  a  superior 
field  for  a  full  history  of  the  sort  referred  to.  In  the  present 
Gloucester  was  the  chief  residence  of  Powhatan,  the  scene  of  many 
of  the  most  interesting  incidents  of  early  colonial  history,  the  home  of 
Pocahontas,  and  the  place  of  her  celebrated  rescue  of  John  Smith 
(which,  notwithstanding  a  careful  consideration  of  the  objections  of 
later  critics,  we  fully  believe  in).  The  writings  of  the  early  settlers 
give  much  that  should  be  embodied  in  such  a  history,  as  we  are  think- 
ing of.  Here  also  would  be  the  most  appropriate  place  for  a  biography 
of  the  noble  and  generous  Indian  princess,  including  all  that  can  be 
gathered  of  her  life  in  Virginia,  her  marriage,  her  visit  to  England, 
where,  as  old  Purchas,  who  knew  her  and  her  husband,  says,  "She 
bore  herself  ever  as  the  daughter  of  a  king,"  and  of  her  early  and 
lamented  death.  In  such  a  work  too,  that  careful,  unexaggerated  and 
critical  account  of  Bacon's  Rebellion  (one  of  the  desiderata  of  Vir- 
ginia history,  for  which  ample  material  is  now  accessible),  would  have 
a  most  suitable  place,  for  it  was  in  this  county  that  many  of  the  most 
active  participants  lived,  and  here  the  leader  of  the  rebels  died.  In 
the  same  work  should  be  also  given  an  account  of  that  desperate  pro- 
test against  low  prices,  "plant  cutting/'  for  here  was  the  principal  seat 
of  the  disturbance,  and  Matthew  Kemp,  the  county  lieutenant  of 
Gloucester,  was  in  command  of  the  militia  called  out  to  suppress  the 
rioters.  Another  subject  to  be  included  would  be  what  was  termed 
'*  Bickenhead's  plot,"  by  the  white  servants  to  rise  against  their  mas- 
ters. The  later  history,  including  the  Revolutionary  period,  and  the 
time  of  poverty  and  distress  immediately  succeeding  that  war,  might 
be  made  of  great  interest,  and  the  same  is  the  case  with  a  more  modem 
period. 

While,  as  has  been  stated,  the  county  records  have  been  destroyed 
yet  much  valuable  material  remains.  The  records  of  York,  prior  to 
1652,  contain  much  bearing  on  people  and  places  on  the  other  side  of 
the  river.  Abstracts  of  all  of  the  land  grants  (which  are,  happily, 
preserved  and  well  cared  for  in  the  State  Land  Office)  should  be  given. 
All  references  to  military  services  of  Gloucester  men  in  the  Revolution 
(for  which  many  data  remains  in  the  Land  Office,  and  elsewhere  in  the 
capitol)  should  be  transcribed.  Hening's  Statutes  at  Large,  such  a  histo- 
rian, should,  of  course,  have  at  his  finger's  end  ;  and  he  will  also  find 
much  of  use  to  him  in  the  Council  Journals,  Journals  of  the  Burgesses, 
the  Virginia  Calendar  of  Slate  Papers,  and  the  numerous  copies  and 
Abstracts  from  the  English  Public  Records,  which  are  now  in  the  State 
Library.    The  newspapers,  both  before  and  after  the  Revolution,  will 


BOOK    REVIEWS.  379 

well  repay  a  thorough  examination,  and  the  various  parish  registers 
and  vestry- books  might  well  be  copied  in  entirety.  In  the  capitol  are 
likewise,  besides  the  records  already  named,  lists  of  all  magistrates, 
sheriffs,  and  militia  officers  since  the  Revolution. 

No  county  in  Virginia  affords  a  richer  subject  to  the  genealogist  than 
Gloucester,  and  this  portion  of  the  county  history,  carefully  and 
thoroujg^hly  done,  would  be  of  great  interest  and  value.  Among  the 
families  which  should  be  treated  of  (and  there  are  others  equally 
worthy)  are  those  of  Warner,  founded  by  Augustine  Warner,  who  came 
to  Virginia  about  1628,  ultimately  settled  at  '*  Warner  Hall,"  and  was 
long  a  member  of  the  Council;  Le^vis,  whose  ancestor  Robert  Lewis  is 
said  to  have  been  a  native  of  Breconshire,  Wales,  and  whose  pedigree 
is  stated  to  have  been  traced  by  a  descendant  (since  the  late  war)  to  a 
sister  or  daughter  of  the  Protector,  Duke  of  Somerset,  and  to  a  long 
Welsh  pedigree  (the  pedigree  is  printed  in  the  *'  History  of  the  Lower 
Shenandoah  Valley  "  though  no  authority  is  there  given);  Gwynne, 
whose  ancestor  was  Colonel  Hugh  Gwynne,  one  of  the  first  Burgesses 
from  the  county  in  1652  ;  and  also  the  descendants  of  Frances  Willis,  a 
native  of  Oxford,  another  of  the  first  Burgesses,  and  a  member  of  the 
Council,  who  died  in  London,  leaving  his  Virginia  property  to  his 
nephew,  whose  descendants  long  lived  at*' White  Hall;"  of  Richard 
Pate,  Burgess  in  1653,  &c.,  whose  nephew  John  Pale  (son  of  Colonel 
Thomas  Pate  who  was  a  vestryman  of  Petsworth  in  1677)  succeeded  to 
his  uncle's  estate;  of  George  Seaton,  a  justice  of  the  county,  who  took 
part  with  the  insurgents  in  Bacon's  Rebellion,  and  some  of  whose  descen- 
dants probably  lived  in  King  William  (W.  W.  Seaton,  of  the  National 
Intelligencer  was  of*  the  latter  family);  of  John  Page,  ancestor  of  the 
well-known  family  of  '"Rosewell"  and  elsewhere;  of  Major  Lewis 
Burwell,  of  "Carter's  Creek,"  who  as  Mr.  C.  P.  Keith  has  lately 
shown  in  his  exceedingly  valuable  work,  was  son  of  Edward  Burwell, 
ahd  grandson  of  another  Edward  Burwell,  both  of  Harlington,  Bed- 
fordshire, and  who  was  maternally  descended  from  the  Bedells  of 
Catworth,  Huntingdonshire;  of  John  Washington,  of  "Highgate;"  of 
Edward  and  Richard  Wyatt,  sons  of  Rev.  Hawte  Wyatt,  and  nephews 
of  Governor  Sir  Francis  Wyatt,  whose  ancestry  was  hardly  surpassed 
in  historic  note  by  any  untitled  family  in  England  (Edward  Wyatt  had 
a  son,  Conquest  Wyatt,  who  was  sheriff  of  the  county,  and  Richard  had 
a  son,  Thomas,  who  had  a  grant  of  land  in  1666);  of  Rev.  John  Dixon 
(son,  according  to  a  deed  in  Stafford,  of  John  Dixon,  Esq.,  of  Bristol, 
England),  who  was  for  a  number  of  years  rector  of  Kingston  parish, 
and  whose  descendants,  now  extinct  in  the  male  line,  intermarried  with 
the  Peytons,  Throckmortons  and  Burwells ;  of  [ohn  Armistead,  sheriff 
of  Gloucester,  1676;  son  of  William  the  immigrant,  and  ancestor  of  the 
*'  Hesse,"  and  other  branches  of  the  name  ;  of  Richard  Cary  (probably 
a  Bristol  man)  who  lived  in  the  county  in  1662,  or  earlier;  of  John 


^ 


480  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL    MAGAZINE. 

Clayton,  the  botanist  and  author  of  "  Flora  Virginica,"  county  clerk  for 
many  years,  son  of  John  Clayton,  attorney-general  of  Virginia,  nephew 
of  Lieutenant-General  Jasper  Clayton,  who  was  killed  at  Dettingen, 
and  grandson  of  Sir  Wm.  Bowyer,  Baronet;  of  John  Fox,  one  line  of 
whose  descendants  lived  in  King  and  Queen  and  King  William ;  of 
Rev.  Charles  Grymes,  formerly  a  minister  in  York  county,  whose  son 
John  removed  to  *'  Grymesby,'*  in  Middlesex,  and  was  the  father  of 
John  Grymes,  of  *'  Brandon,"  though  some  of  his  descendants  returned 
to  Gloucester;  of  Edmond  Kemp,  who  was  ancestor  of  the  families  of 
the  name  in  both  Gloucester  and  Middlesex  (a  record  preserved  in 
Lancaster  shows  this  Edmond  Kemp  acting  as  attorney  for  Sir  Robert 
Kemp,  Knight,  while  the  Visitation  of  Norfolk  gives  the  names  of 
Robert,  Richard  and  Edmond  Kemp,  among  the  children  of  Robert 
Kemp,  Esq  ,  of  Gissing.  Perhaps  Richard  was  Secretary  Richard 
Kemp,  of  Virginia) ;  of  Samuel  Matthews,  who  removed  to  the  county 
from  King  and  Queen,  and  was  son  of  John  Matthews,  of  Stafford,  and 
grandson  or  great  grandson  of  Governor  Samuel  Matthews  ;  of  Major 
Robert  Peyton,  whose  descendants  became  heirs  to  the  Peyton  of 
Isleham  baronetcy,  and  who  was  a  grandson  of  Chief  Justice  Richard- 
son; of  John  Robins,  of  "Robins'  Neck,"  who  came  to  Virginia  in 
1623,  and  died  about  1656;  of  Thomas  Seawell,  who  had  a  grant  in 
1675,  and  who  not  only  has  numbered  in  the  past  among  his  descend- 
ants men  eminent  in  the  army  and  at  the  bar;  but  also  at  present,  two 
accomplished  ladies  of  the  name,  whose  contributions  to  current  litera- 
ture are  well  known ;  of  the  Tabbs,  whose  emigrant  ancestor  settled 
in  Elizabeth  City  about  1636;  of  William  Thornton,  who  was  in  the 
colony  in  1646,  and  who  now  has  descendants  in  nearly  every  county 
in  Virginia  and  every  State  and  Territory  in  the  Union ;  of  Col.  George 
Reade  of  the  Council,  who  was  brother  of  Robert  Reade.  private  secre- 
tary to  Windebanke,  Secretary  of  State  temp ,  Charles  I,  and  who  was 
an  ancestor  of  George  Washington ;  of  James  Whiting,  whose  son 
(as  is  believed),  Henry  was  member  of  the  Council  and  treasurer,  and 
so  many  of  whose  descendants  have  filled  important  ofiices  in  the 
county,  and  in  the  Assembly ;  of  the  ministers  Emanuel  Jones,  Robert 
Yates,  Robert  Read,  Fontaine,  &c. ;  of  John  Smith,  of  "  Purton,*'  a 
branch  of  whose  descendants  settled  at "  Shooters  Hill,"  Middlesex,  and 
afterwards  in  Frederick  county  and  elsewhere;  of  Col.  Lawrence 
Smith,  one  of  whose  sons  lived  in  York  (from  christian  names  and 
other  stronger  evidences  it  seems  probable  that  from  these  two  early 
settlers  John  and  Lawrence  Smith,  descended  a  numerous  progeny  in 
Gloucester,  York,  Middlesex,  Essex,  Caroline,  Spotsylvania,  Northum- 
berland, and  other  counties,  whose  representatives  are  now  scattered 
throughout  the  whole  country);  of  John  Buckner,  whose  descendants 
are  now  widespread ;  of  Mordecai  Cooke,  who  had  a  grant  of  1,174 
acres  in  Mobjack  bay  in  1650.  and  many  generations  of  whose  descend- 


BOOK   REVIEWS.  481 

ants  lived  at  '^  Warham;"  of  Richard  Bernard,  who  had,  also,  it  is 
believed,  descendants  in  the  Northern  Neck;  of  Col.  Richard  and 
William  Dudley,  who  were  in  the  county  before  1660,  and  who  had 
descendants  both  there  and  in  Middlesex  (and  if  anything  can  be 
judged  from  the  constant  recurrence  of  the  name  Ambrose — Col. 
Richard  Dudley  had  a  son  of  the  name — descendants  also  in  King  and 
Queen,  Spotsylvania,  and  Kentucky);  there  were  likewise  the  Throck- 
mortons,  whose  descent  can  be  traced  to  the  family  of  that  name  at 
Ellington,  Huntingdonshire;  the  Thrustons,  whgse  ancestor  was  Cham- 
berlain, of  Bristol,  early  in  the  17th  century,  and  of  whom  was  Charles 
Morgan  Thruston,  the  **  fighting  parson;"  the  families  of  Taliaferro, 
which,  through  their  immigrant  ancestor  Robert  Taliaferro,  settled  first 
in  Gloucester,  came  from  King  and  Queen;  Alexander,  Hubard, 
Booker,  Elliott,  Roane,  Catlett  (the  maternal  ancestors  of  bur  authoress), 
Dabney,  Digges,  Roy,  Rootes,  Jones,  Booth,  Sinclair,  Porteus  (the 
family  of  Bishop  Porteus),  Pratt,  Tompkins,  Baytop,  Garland,  Hughes, 
Ranson,  Billop,  and  others.  Some  of  these  names  are  of  comparatively 
recent  immigration  from  other  counties,  and  full  accounts  of  the 
families  in  general  might  be  left  to  those  who  treat  of  the  counties 
from  which  they  came.  Such  are,  in  a  crude  way,  some  of  our  notions 
on  a  county  history. 

And  now  to  return  to  the  little  book,  whose  excellence  has  suggested 
the  idea  of  what  a  large  history  should  be,  we  again  extend  to  Mrs. 
Robins  our  congratulations  on  the  success  of  her  work,  and  our  thanks 
for  the  pleasure  and  profit  derived  from  it. 

We  suggest  that  she  do  not  abandon  the  field  in  which  she  has  made 
so  good  an  essay,  but  continue  to  cultivate  it.  With  the  materials  we 
have  no  doubt  she  has,  or  can  obtain,  there  must  be  subjects  in  abun- 
dance ;  but  especially  biographical  ones,  which  it  is  to  be  hoped  she 
will  make  use  of. 

Peter  Francisco,  Soldier   of  the  Revolution. — By  Miss  N.  B. 
Winston.     Richmond,  Va.,  West,  Johnston  &  Co.,  1893. 

This  little  volume  in  paper  contains  a  sketch,  which  was  prepared  for 
the  Old  Dominion  Chapter  of  the  Daughters  of  the  American  Revolu- 
tion, of  Peter  Francisco,  one  of  the  most  distinguished  of  the  minor 
characters  of  Virginia,  who  took  part  in  the  Revolutionary  War.  Miss 
Winston  has  put  together  in  a  very  interesting  form  all  the  information 
which  was  to  be  obtained  about  this  local  hero,  and  has  succeeded  in 
making  a  valuable  contribution  to  history.  Much  of  the  matter  is 
entirely  new.  The  excellence  of  this  sketch  suggests  how  admirable 
a  field  for  the  biographical  writer  the  history  of  Virginia  is.  What 
an  interesting  series  of  short  biographies  might  be  written  of  her 
prominent  characters,  who  troop  across  the  historical  stage,  representing 
a  most  astonishing  variety  of  greatness  in  action.     No  community  in 


482  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

the  same  length  of  time  ever  produced  more  men  of  action  of  that 
stamp  in  which  Plutarch  delighted  so  much. 

The  Oriental  Republic  of  Uruguay  at  the  World's  Colum- 
bian Exhibition,  Chicago,  1893— Montevideo,  1893. 

This  account  ot  the  climate,  geographical  features,  and  resources 
of  the  Republic  of  Uruguay  was  prepared  for  the  Columbian  Exhibi- 
tion, and  contains  a  great  variety  of  information  which  is  highly  inter- 
esting to  the  student  and  general  reader.  Accompanying  it,  is  an 
excellent  map  of  the  Republic.  We  are  indebted  to  Mr.  George  A. 
Barksdale,  the  vice-consul  of  Uruguay,  for  Richmond,  for  a  copy  of 
this  valuable  pamphlet. 


PUBLICATIONS    RECEIVED.  483 


Publications  Received 

New  England  Historical  and  Genealogical  Register,  January,  1894. 

Fragments  of  Revolutionary  History,  by  Gaillard  Hunt,  Washing- 
ton, D.  C. 

Archives  of  Maryland,  Journal  and  Correspondence  of  the  Council 
of  Safety,  July  7-Deceniber  31,  1776.  Edited  by  Prof.  Wm.  H.  Browne, 
of  the  Maryland  Historical  Society,  Baltimore,  1893. 

Buck  Family,  of  Bucks  County,  Pa.,  edited  byWm.  J.  Buck.  Printed 
for  the  Family,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  1893. 

By-Laws  of  the  Colonial  Society  of  Massachusetts,  1893.  Printed  for 
the  Society,  Boston,  1893. 

Diplomatic  Correspondence  of  the  American  Revolution,  6  Vols. 
Edited  under  direction  of  Congress,  by  Francis  Wharton,  Washington, 
D.  C. 

Collections  and  Proceedings  of  the  Maine  Historical  Society.  Part 
No.  I,  January,  1894,  Portland,  Maine. 

Johns  Hopkins  University  Series.  12th  Series  I,  II.  Cincinnati 
Southern  Railway:  A  study  in  Municipial  Activity, by  S.  H.  Hollander, 
Baltimore,  J893. 

Publications  of  the  Rhode  Island  Historical  Scociety,  New  Series. 
Published  by  the  Society,  1894,  Providence,  R.  I. 

Schools  and  Colleges  in  Massachusetts,  by  Rev.  John  S.  Lindsay, 
D.  D.  Reprinted  from  Protestant  Episcopal  Review,  January,  1894, 
Richmond,  Va. 

National  Magazine  for  November,  1893,  December,  1893,  and  January, 
1894,  New  York  City,  N.  Y. 

Scottish  Antiquary,  published  quarterly.  Vol.  VIII.  Edited  by  A. 
W.  C.  Hallen,  Edinburg,  1893. 

Peabody  Educational  Fund.   Proceedings  of  Trustees,   October  6, 

1893. 
Iowa  Historical  Record.    Published  quarterly  by  the  State  Society, 

January,  1894,  Iowa  City,  Iowa. 

American  Folk-Lore  Society.  Officers,  By-laws,  Branches  and  Publi- 
cations, 1894. 

Colonel  Thomas  Gilbert,  Leader  of  the  New  England  Tories,  by 
Jno.  C.  Crane,  Worcester,  Mass.,  1893. 

Bulletin  of  American  Geographical  Society,  Vol.  XXV,  No.  4,  part  I, 
December  31,  1893.    Printed  for  the  Society,  New  York  City,  N.  Y. 

Address  of  Hon.  J.  L.  M.  Curry  before  the  Legislature  of  Georgia, 
October  31, 1893,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

Last  Days  of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia.  An  address  delivered 
by  Gov.  J.  G.  Jones,  of  Alabama,  before  the  Virginia  Division  of  the 


484  VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Association  of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  at  the  annual  meeting, 
Richmond,  Va.,  October  12,  1893. 

Bulletin  of  Essex  Institute.     Vol.  XXV,  Nos.  7,  8,  9 

Filson  Club  Publications,    Nos.  7  and  8,  Louisville,  Ky. 

Record  of  the  Ancestry  and  Kindred  of  the  children  of  Edward 
Tompkins,  Sr.    Printed  for  the  compiler,  Oakland,  Cal.,  1893. 

Journal  of  the  Franklin  Institute.  Vol.  CXXXVIII,  No.  818,  Phila- 
delphia, Pa. 

American  Antiquarian  Society.  Proceedings,  etc.,  October  21,  1893, 
Worcester,  Mass. 

Colonial  Virginia  and  World's  Fair  Letters,  by  Miss  Mary  Mann  Page 
Newton.    For  sale  by  West,  Johnston  &  Co.,  Richmond,  Va. 

Literature  and  Life.  Lecture  delivered  by  Prof.  Charles  W.  Kent 
upon  the  inauguration  of  the  work  of  the  Linden  Kent  Memorial 
School  of  English  Literature  in  the  University  of  Virginia,  Charlottes- 
ville, Va. 

Letter  on  the  Oyster  Question  of  Virginia,  by  Wm.  Ellinger,  of  Fox 
Island,  Va.    Baltimore,  Md. 

Pennyslvania  Magazine  of  History  and  Biography,  No.  4  of  Vol. 
XVII,  January,  1894,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

North  Caroline  Society  of  the  Cincinnati,  by  Edward  Graham  Daves. 

Frenches  of  Scotland,  by  A.  D.  Weld  French.  Boston,  Mass. 
Privately  printed. 

History  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Patterson,  N.  J.,  by 
William  Nelson,  Newark,  N.  J. 

Unveiling  of  Memorial  Monument  to  Chicago  Massacre,  1812. 
Speeches,  etc.,  Chicago,  1893.     Printed  for  Chicago  Historical  Society. 

Address  of  Wm.  H.  English,  at  the  Annual  Meeting  and  Banquet  of 
the  Indiana  Society  of  the  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution,  February 
26,  1894,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

New  York  Historical  Society  Collections,  1888.  Deane's  Papers, 
Vol.  Ill,  1778-1779,  New  York.    Printed  for  the  Society. 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Abbott's  Creek,  14. 

Abbott,  Samuel,  421. 

Abell,  John,  326. 

Abigail,  ship.  310. 

Aboriginal  Remains,  360. 

Abstracts  of  Virginia  Land  Patents, 
82,  187,  310,  436. 

Accomac  County,  55,  61,  89,  93, 
231,  242,  244,  252,  312,  314, 
443,  444  et  seg. 

Account  Book  of  William  Massie, 
July  Magazine,  v. 

Acker,  William,  95. 

Acquia  Church,  124,  352. 

Act  of  Navigation,  Virginia  and 
the,  141. 

Adams,  Richard,  255. 

Addams,  Dr.  William,  200. 

Admiralty  Court,  363. 

Africa,  141,  142. 

Albemarle  County,  127,  458,  460; 
Daughters  of  American  Revo- 
lution, July  Magazine,  v. 

Ale,  124. 

Alexandria  City,  33,  July  Magazine, 
vi;  Gazette,  219;  Seminary  at, 
January  Magazine,  vii. 

Alexander  Family,  481. 

Alexander,  William,  335. 

Allan,  Arthur,  177.  315. 

Allan,  John.  198. 

Allerton,  Isaac,  27,  31,  119,  199, 
200,  2or,  245,  456. 

Allerton,  Elizabeth,  199. 

Allington,  Giles,  191. 

Allison  Family  History,  360. 

Alliance,  ship,  186. 

Almanack,  408. 

Alsop,  455. 

Alston,  Sarah,  J.,  438. 

Ambergris,  93. 

Amelia  County.  464. 

America,  North,  11,  85,  100,  102, 
i59f  360;  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence, 5 ;  Revolution  in, 
55,  64;  Plantations  in,  78; 
Settlement  at  Jamestown.  82; 
First  Legislative  Assembly, 
85;  First  Peach  Trees,  87; 
First  Poetry  written  in,  90; 
Navigation  Act,  141,  142;  Col- 
onies, 142. 


America,  South,  216. 

Amherst  County,  336,  437. 

Amherst  College,  341. 

Amsterdam,  142. 

Anderson,  Archer,  July  Magazine, 
ii,  iii.  iv;  January  Magazine, 
xiv;  April  Magazine,  i. 

Anderson  Family,  320. 

Anderson,  James,  95. 

Anderson,  John,  422. 

Andirons,  271. 

Andover,  341. 

Andrews,  Rev.  W.  G.,  94. 

Andros,  Sir  Edmund,  226,  245. 

Andros,  Sir  Samuel,  360. 

Annapolis,  87,  88,  213,  346. 

Anne,  Cape,  180. 

Anne,  ship,  09,  312. 

Anne  Arundel  County,  197. 

Anthony,  Joseph,  334. 

Appeals,  Court  of,  359. 

Appellate  Court  Decisions,  July 
Magazine,  v. 

Apple,  87.  395. 

Appleton's  Cyclopaedia,  131. 

Appomattox,  7,  13,  200,  222,  441. 

Appomattox,  Queen  of,  57. 

Arber,  Edward,  Edition  of  Smith's 
General  History,  475. 

Archer,  Hannah  and  William,  442. 

Archer,  Gabriel,  91. 

Archer's  Hope,  90,  91,  316. 

Archer's  Hope  Creek,  90,  91. 

Argall,  Sir  Samuel,  158,  289,  297 
et  seg,  474. 

Argyleshire,  316. 

Armistead  Family,  Members  of, 
115,  200.220.  353. 

Arnold,  William,  92. 

Artillery,  Horse,  197. 

Arundell  Family,  Members  of,  310. 

Ashes,  Pearl,  99. 

Ashton  Family,  Members  of,  39, 
124,  456. 

Assembly,  46,  49,  100,  102;  Army 
for  Indian  Wars,  59;  Ratifies 
Commission,  61 ;  Declaration 
0^*63,  75;  First  Assembly  in 
America,  85;  Letter  to  Clark, 
129;  in  Bacon's  Rebellion, 
167-187;  Clerk  of,  200;  Acts 
of,  213. 


IV 


VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


Asia,  141,  142. 

Asnaguin  River,  8. 

Assurance,  ship,  442. 

Athenaeum  Library,  January  Mag- 
azine, iv. 

Attaint,  Law  of,  23. 

Attorney,  Power  of.  200. 

Attorney-General,  Commission  of, 
258. 

Attorneys  in  1680,  252. 

Auditor-General,  441. 

Augusta  County,  5,  6,  460  et  seq. 

Autograph  Letters,  July  Magazine, 

V. 

Awborne,  Richard,  457. 
Aylett  Family,  424. 
Ayres,  Ann,  87. 
Ayres,  William,  197. 

Back  Creek,  462. 

Bacon's  Castle,  320. 

Bacon,  Josiah.  432. 

Bacon,  Nathaniel,  Sr.,  254,  317. 

Bacon,  Nathaniel,  109,  118,  119,254, 
312,  478;  Proclamations  of,  55, 
61 ;  T.  M's  account  of  the  Re-  ; 
bellion.  92;  Sarah  Grindon  aids  ' 
the  Rebellion,  90;  Sherwood 
and  LudwelPs  accounts.  167-  ! 
186;  Thos.  Bacon's  Letter,  430; 
Smith   and  Ludwell's  Propo-  \ 

sals.  432-435-  ' 

Bacon,  Thos..  Letter  of,  430.  ,  | 

Bailey,  200 

Balathier,  Count  de,  324. 
Baldridge,  Thomas,  456. 
Ball,  John,  242.  1 

Ballard,  Thomas,  60,  176. 
Ballard,  William,  459. 
Balls,  466. 

Balthorpe,  William,  39. 
Baltimore  City,  124. 
Baltimore,  Lord,  124.  223,  254,  315. 

344- 
Bancroft,  Archbishop,  112. 

Bannerman,  Mark.  470. 

Banning,  Henry,  88. 

Bankes, William,  39,  45,46, 114,115, 

116. 

Banks  Family,  473. 

Barbadoes,  75,  117,  121, 189,  202. 

Barbour,  James,  130. 

Barley,  91. 

Barksdale,  George  A.,  482. 

Barnet.  John,  459. 

Bartholomew,  Captain,  8,  14. 

Bartie,  William,  334. 


Bam  Elms,  255. 

Barney,  Dr.  C.  G.,  January  Maga- 
zine, iv,  V,  X. 

Bamy,  Hidels,  14. 

Bamsfield.  219. 

Barons  of  Potomack  and  Rappa- 
hannock, 213,  326. 

Barron,  Commodore,  332. 

Barthurst,  320. 

Bartley,  Major,  15. 

Barton,  England,  314. 

Barton,  Thomas,  18,  24,  25. 

Basey.  200. 

Bassett,  5,  437. 

Bassett,  Burwell,  323,  324. 

Bassett,  William,  45,  456. 

Bassett,  G.  W.,  453. 

Bassett,  Mary  C  ,  322. 

Bath  County,  463  et  seq. 

Batte,  John,  326. 

Battles  and  Leaders  of  the  Civil 
War.  352. 

Bay  top  Family.  463,  481. 

Baynham,  Dr.  William,  92. 

Bean,  459. 

Beans.  98 

Beaver  Trade,  58,  59. 

Beckingham,  Robert,  471. 

Bedell  Family,  479. 

Bedford  County,  220,  436. 

Bedford  Thomas,  334. 

Beeswax,  98. 

Beef,  91.  98,  148,  186 

Beer,  98,  267. 

Belfast,  126,  437. 

Belfield,  223. 

Belhaven,  331. 

Belle  Isle,  Lancaster  County,  225. 

Bellingham,  Sir  Allan,  313. 

Bennett.  Widow,  25. 

Benson,  Elizabeth.  88. 

Bentley  Family,  Members  of,  97, 
191. 

Bermondsea,  312. 

Berkeley,  Edmond,  255. 

Berkeley,  Lady  Frances,  83, 84, 178. 

Berkeley,  Jane.  175. 

Berkeley,  Sarah,  221. 

Berkeley  Springs.  354. 

Berkeley,  Sir  William.  59,  60,  6r, 
62.  63.  83,  154,  168,  175.  453; 
Speech  of,  75;  Robert  Bever- 
ley wins  favor  of,  109 ;  In  Ba- 
con's Rebellion,  167,  186,  434, 

467- 
Bermudas,  92,  93,  446,  474. 

Bernard  Family,  178,  481. 


Index. 


Berry,  Taylor,  437. 

Bertram,  255. 

Betsy,  ship,  99. 

Beverley,  Henry,  216,  348. 

Beverley,  Peter,  333. 

Beverley,  Robert,  19,  21,  37,  38,45, 
46,  48,  50,  51,  54,  60.  109.  113, 
126.  175.  176,  222,  363,432  434. 

Beverley,  William,  January  Maga- 
zine, vi. 

Big  Bethel,  Battle  of,  340. 

Bills  of  Exchange,  See  Exchange. 

Bills  of  Loading,  35. 

Billop  Family,  481. 

Bill  of  Adventure,  311. 

Binford,  Elizabeth,  436. 

Birchett,  Richard,  310. 

Birkenhead's  Plot,  478. 

Bishop,  John,  451. 

Bisshe,  448. 

Blackbeard,  222,  356. 

Blackburn,  William,  95. 

Black,  Ann  Dent,  437. 

Blackstone,  40.  269. 

Bladen,  224,  357. 

Blagg,  116. 

Blair,  115. 

Blair,  Adolphus,  Obituary  Notice 

of,  339. 
Blair  Family,  339. 
Blair,  John,  64. 
Blair,  James,  214,  239. 
Blaithwaite,  121. 
Bland,  Giles,  119,  175,  178. 
Bland    Autograph    Letters,     July 

Magazine,  v. 
Bland,  Peregrine,  198. 
Bland,  John.  118,  142,  155. 
Bland,  Sarah,  49,  50,  107,  118,  121. 
Bland,  Theodorick,  119. 
Bland,  Thomas,  198. 
Blandfield,  214,  222. 
Blaney,  Edward,  313,  451. 
Blaton,  49,  119,  120. 
Blenheim,  120. 
Blissland  Parish,  243. 
Blow,  John,  84. 
Blunt  Point,  83,  190,  220,  316. 
Board  of  Traoe,  224,  244. 
Board  Navy,  64. 
Bolthorp,  83. 
Booth,  218,  436,  481. 
Booth  Family,  218. 
Borough,  Roger,  432. 
Bouldin  Family.  Members  of,  310. 
Boulton,  Richard,  193. 
Boiling  Family,  Members  of,  446. 


Bona  Nova,  190,  195. 

Bonhomme  Richard,  186. 

Bonds,  38,  39. 

Bond.  Captain,  14. 

Bonman,  212. 

Bonny  Bess,  192,  195. 

Booker  Family,  481. 

Borrough,  223. 

Boston,  Mass.,  201,  342. 

Boteler,  John,  316. 

Botetourt  County,  436. 

Bottoms,  Bridge,  8,  13. 

Bounty  Land,  203. 

Bowtracy  Parish,  203. 

Bourchier.  Sir  John,  295. 

Bowden,  John,  177. 

Bowles,  Nfiss,  221. 

Bowyer,  Sir  William,  462,  464,  480. 

Boyce,  George,  51. 

Boyle,  Richard,  196. 

Boxley,  220 

Bracton,  Fleta  and  Brittan,  20. 

Braehead,  343. 

Braddock's  Defeat,  203,  465. 

Bradford,  John,  445. 

Bradley,  Ann,  436. 

Bradley,  Henry,  95. 

Bradshaw,  Edward,  254. 

Braine.  Edward,  11. 

Branch  Family,  212. 

Branchester,  270. 

Brandon,  222,  356,  432. 

Brandy,  January  Magazine,  vi,  351. 

Brandywine.  45. 

Branham,  Vincent,  322,  342. 

Braxton,  Carter,  321. 

Bray,  Thomas,  317. 

Bray,  Sarah,  317. 

Breeden,  Thomas,  95. 

Brent,  George,  21,  24,  37,  44,  48, 

49,  50,  51.  53.  "9. 120,  123,  124, 

125. 
Brent  Family,  123.  124. 
Brent,  Giles,  25,  40,  123,  124. 
Brent,  John  Carroll,  219. 
Brenton,  274. 
Brentville,  274. 
Brereton,  Thomas,  317,  466 
Brewster,  Richard,  89. 
Brewster,  William,  199. 
Bricks,  86.  395. 
Bricklayers,  in. 
Bridger,  Joseph,  60. 
Brine,  Philip,  437. 
Brinkley,  17,  463. 
Bristol,  City  of,  32,  398,  404,  406, 

481. 


VI 


VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


Bristol  Parish,  319.  320. 

British  Navy,  214. 

British  State  Paper  Office,  July 
Magazine,  vii.  55,  118,  142,  155, 
168.  177,  189,  254. 

Broady,  Alexander,  42,  51. 

Brocas,  William,  421. 

Brocas,  Family,  421,  422. 

Brock,  R.  A.,  January  Magazine, 
vi. 

Brockenbrough,  Austin,  222,  355. 

Brodhurst,  Walter,  456. 

Brooke  Family.  331. 

Brooke  George,  321 

Brooke,  Robert  T.,  July  Magazine, 
ii,  iii,  January  iii,  xiit,  xiv. 

Brooke,  William,  445. 

Brooks,  Cuthbert.  312. 

Brown,  Sir  A.,  439. 

Brown,  Alexander,   310,  474  ei  seq. 

Brown,  David  S.,  88 

Brown,  Thomas,  95. 

Brown,  University,  342. 

Brown,  William,  447,  457. 

Brown,  Prof.  William  G.,  467. 

Browne,  William  Burnet,  436. 

Browne,  William  H.,  316. 

Browner,  Henry,  95. 

Brownlow,  262. 

Broughton  Family,  201,  472. 

Bruce,  Philip  A.,  July  Magazine,  ii, 
iii,  iv;  January  Magazine,  iii, 
xi,  xiv,  April  Magazine,  ii. 

Brunswick  County,  13,  320,  322,438. 

Bruton  Church,  420. 

Bruton  England,  174,  175. 

Bruton  Parish,  243. 

Bryan.  Joseph,  July  Magazine,  ii, 
iii;  January  Magazine,  iii,  xiii, 
xiv  ;  April  Magazine,  i. 

Buckingham  County,  254,  343. 

Buckner,  John,  44,  45,  50,  54.  363. 
406. 

Buckner,  General  Simon  B.,  437. 

Buckner,  William,  245. 

Brickland,  198.  451. 

Buck  Roe.  310,  311. 

Bull  Run,  Battle  of,  339. 

Bunberry,  Thomas,  46. 

Bunett's  Ordmary,  4 

Burbridge.  123. 

Burgess,  Charles,  451,  470. 

Burgesses,  House  of,  78  82,  84,  86, 
87,  91,   loi,  102,  115,  168,  175 
177.  179.  ^83,  187,  190,  191,192, 
193.  195.  I97»  199.  201,  219,  223 
255,   274.  310  et  seq,  314,  353, 


364  et  seq^  423,  428,  440  et  seq, 

454,  466. 
Burgoyne,  Ballads,  360. 
Burk's  History  of  Virginia,  276. 
Burk's  Peerage,  443 
Burnett,  Bishop  Gilbert,  321,  439. 
Burnett,  William,  321. 
Burnham  Family,33.  37.91,  95,  256, 

257,  258. 
Burnell,  439. 
Burr,  H.,  24. 
Burrage,  48, 49,  107. 
Burrows,  John,  471. 
Burt,  William,  90. 
Burton,  James,  458. 
Burton,  Hutchins,  329. 
Burton,  William,  444 
'  Burwell  Family,  218,  479. 
Burwell,  Francis.  317,  319. 
Burwell,  Lewis,  91,  178,  254. 
Push  Family,  194,  195. 
Bushnel,  Rebecca,  200. 
Bush  rod,  John,  333. 
Bushrod,  Hannah,  473. 
Bush  House,  4. 
Butler,  5,  163. 
Butler,  lane,  316. 
Butler,  William,  244. 
Butler,  Captain,  294  et  seq. 
Butts,  Daniel  G.,  437. 
By-Laws,    July   Magazine,  iii,    of 

the  Colonial  Dames  of  America 

and  Virginia.  360 
Byrd,  William,    Letter  Books  of, 

July  Magazine,  v,  236,  239. 
!  Byrd's  Ordinary,  5,  6,  12. 

Cabell,  Nicholas,  343. 

Cabell,  H.  Coalter,  437. 

Cabell,  William,  330. 

Cabot,  328. 

Cap^hey.  Daniel,  443. 

Cain.  Neil,  461. 

Caldwell  County,  469. 

Calendar  of  Virginia  State  Papers, 

177,  323. 
Calvert.  315,  316. 

Calvert,  Samuel,  421. 

Camlet  Coat,  28. 

Campbell,  Charles,   175,   176,  317, 

477. 
Campbell,  Douglas.  100. 

Campbell,  Ferdinand  S.,  255. 

Campbell,  Sir  John.  316. 

Campbell,  William,  451. 

Canada,  27, 197;  Records  of  Science 

of,  360;  Chews  in,  197. 


Index. 


Vll 


Canaries,  The,  93. 

Candale,  313. 

Candiac,  313. 

Candles,  98. 

Cannon,  Edward  Y.,  342. 

Cannon  Family,  469. 

Canterbury,  England,  196. 

Canterberry,  J.,  459. 

Cape  Charles,  332. 

Cape  Merchant,  181,  187. 

Capitol  at  Richmond,  95,  97. 

Capon,  354, 

Capps,  William,  313. 

Caraway,  212. 

Carlise,  England,  466. 

Carlile,  464,  465. 

Caroline  County,  223,  355. 

Carpenters,  36,  89,  107,  187. 

Carpets,  126. 

Carr.  Robert,  243. 

Carroll,  Charles,  88 

Carroll,  John  Lee,  88. 

Carroll,  William,  95. 

Carrington   Family,  Members  of, 

95.  96  343.  438. 
Carson,  Captain,  462  et  seq. 

Cart  Wheels,  33. 
Carter  Charles,  64,  333,  439,  470. 
Carters  of  Shirley,  217. 
Carter,  John,  321.  422. 
Carter,  Josiah,  334,  335. 
Carter,  Christopher,  92,  93. 
Carter,  Henry,  312. 
Carter's  Creek,  178,  254. 
Cary,  Miles,  2.^9,  241. 
Caswell,  C.  H.,  13,  14. 
Catalogue  Virginia  Historical  So- 
ciety, July  Magazine,  v. 
Catawba  Indians,  14. 
Catawba  River,  15. 
Cates,  W.,  212 
Catlin,  Henry,  327. 
Catlett  Family,  481. 
Cattle,  14,  88, 146,  148, 157,  I59'257. 

395. 

Cavaliers  of  Virginia,  215;  Mean- 
ing of  the  Word,  347. 

Cedar  Island,  312,  440. 

Cedar  Plains.  444. 

Census,  Colonial,  of  1624-25,  196, 
441,  444. 

Chairs,  126 

Chamberlain,  107. 

Chanco,  452. 

Chaplin's  Choice,  190. 

Chapman,  Francis,  451,  452. 

Chard,  92,  93. 


Charles  City  County,  6,  9,  90,  198, 
419.  438,  441,  442.  451;  Public 
Officers  of.  225,  234,  241. 

Charles  The  First,  77,  175,  480. 

Charles  The  Second,  81,  102,  142, 

175,  ^90.  454.  467- 
Charles,  ship.  195. 

Charleston,  W.  Va.,  45,  331. 

Charleston,  S.  C,  203,  467. 

Charleston  and  Savannah   R.   R., 

16. 
Charlotte,  N  C,  15. 
Chatsworth.  213. 
Cheatham  Farm.  7. 
Cheeseman   Family.  Members  of, 

311.  312,315,316. 
Chelsea,  220,  319. 
Cherry,  87. 

Cherry  Point,  42,  43,  52,  202,  472. 
Cherrystone    444. 
Chesapeake  Bay.  84,  312,  447. 
Chester.  Pa.,  i,  94,  336. 
Chesterfield,  C  H.,  7. 
Chesterfield,  Church,  7. 
Chesterfield  County,  7, 13,  222,  320, 

356.  437.  464. 
Chestnut  Grove.  321. 
Chew  Family,  Members  of,  87,  88, 

197.  432. 
Chickeley,  Sir  Henry,  60,  115,  173, 

185,  422,  453- 

Chickahominy  Church,  5. 

Chickahominy  River.  312. 

Chickahominy  Indians,  85, 174,  455. 

Chickamuxen,  331. 

Chiseldine,  Kenline,  40,  41. 

Chiswell,  John,  255. 

Chilton,  Foliot,  91. 

Chilton's,  Hartwell,  Blair  and,  Pre- 
sent State  of  Virginia,  115,214. 

Chippook  Creek,  90,  440. 

Choptank,  243. 

Christ  Church  Parish,  243.  244. 

Christian,  John  T.,  444. 

Chronicle,  Virginia  Independent, 
186 

Chuckatuck.  243. 

Churchill,  William,  168. 

Churchill's  Voyages,  454. 

Cider,  98. 

Cincinnati,  Society  of,  339,  342. 

City  College  at  Williamsburg,  9. 

City  Point,  Va.,  338. 

Cheshunt,  188. 

Claiborne  Arms,  467. 

Claiborne  Family,  Genealogy  of, 
li^etseq. 


vin 


VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


Claiborne,  Wm.,  60,  91,  456. 

Clapham,  2. 

Clare.  471. 

Claret,  39. 

Clarke  County,  438. 

Clark,  Colin,  217. 

Clark.  George  Rogers,  127,  129  et 

seq. 
Clark,  243. 

Clark,  William  and  H,  437. 
Clarksburg.  461. 
Clay,  Francis,  456. 
Clay,  Alice,  438 
Clay.  Henry,  469. 
Clay,  Joseph,  335. 
Clay,  Clement,  320. 
Clayton.  38. 
Clayton  Family,  399,  403.  404,  407, 

480. 
Clayton,  Thomas,  22. 
demons,  Elizabeth,  86 
demons.  Jane  and  Alexander,  95. 
Clergy,  Episcopal,  221. 
Clerk's  Commission.  229,  236. 
Clerks  of  Court,  229,  236,  364,  of 

House  of  Commons,  77,  78. 
Clermont,  343. 

Cleve,  Home  of  the  Carters,  333. 
Clifford  Family.  275. 
Clinton,  Sir  Henry,  12. 
Cliveden.  88; 
Cough,  John,  242. 
Cloverlick,  48,  461  et  seq, 
Cluverius,  Parson,  346. 
Coal,  98 

Coast  Survey,  U.  S.,  338. 
Coat,  Camlet  28. 
Cocke  Genealogy,  64.  415,  469. 
Cocke,  Richard,  320. 
Cocke,  Bowler,  329. 
Cocke,  James.  212 
Codd,  119,  120,  456. 
Coddle  Creek,  14. 
Cohoake  Creek.  316. 
Coggs,  John,  451. 
Coggins  Point,  338. 
Coke,  Sir  Edward,  24,  25,  112. 
Cole,  William,  172. 
Colclough,  George,  200,  456. 
Cole,  Richard,  460. 
Cole,  William.  60,  62. 
Coleman,  Robert,  437. 
Coleman,  Sally  and  Henry,  438. 
Collier.  William,  10. 
Colburn,  J.,  360. 
Coleman.  Samuel,  95,  97. 
Collector's,  115.  244. 


Colonies,  New  England,  100;  Amer- 
ican, 142 ;  English,  83,  84,  87. 
Colonial  Records  of  Virginia,  loi, 

157. 
Colonial  History  of  Virginia,  July 

Mag>*zine,  vii. 
Columbia  College,  340. 
Columbian  Exposition,  482. 
Commerce.  43,  57,  58,  147. 
Commissioners  to  Virginia  in  1624, 

187. 
Commissioners.  1651,  141- 
Committee,  Standing,  Library,  Fi- 
nance, etc.,  July  Magazine,  lii, 

ix. 
Commons,  House  of,  189. 
Concord,  ship,  109. 
Colston,  Travers,  225. 
Colston  Island,  312. 
Confederate  Army,  July  Magazine 

iv. 
Confederate  Capitol,  etc.,  January 

Magazine  v,  xi. 
Confederate  Steamer  Georgia,  July 

Magazine,  v. 
Congress  of  United  States,  255, 256. 
Connecticut,  102,  197, 200,  337. 
Continental  Line,  4,  450. 
Conveyances,  38. 
Convention  of  1788,  220 
Conway,  Edwin,  422. 
Conway,  Moncure  D.;    Reply  to 

his  critic,  213,  326,  328,345,358. 
Coo,  Robert  442. 
Cooke  Family,  Members  of,  217. 

480. 
Cooke.  John  E.,  129,  313. 
Cooper,  John,  33.  35,  37,  105,  116, 

121.  126,399,405,  406. 
Cooper,  Joseph.  334. 
Copeland  Family,  244. 
Corbin,  Gawin,  246,  432. 
Corbin.  George,  444. 
Corbin.  John  Tayloe,  221,  355. 
Corbin,  Henry,  254,  257. 
Cormorant  Mares,  323. 
Cornwall  is,  Earl  of,  6,   12,  461   et 

seq. 
Corker.  William,  77,  81,  446. 
Corn,  Indian,  18.  98,  146,  148,  157, 

186,  212,  396. 
Corning,  John  H.,  January  Maga- 
zine, xiv. 
Coroners,  364  et  seq, 
Corsellis,  Nicholas,  189. 
Cottington  Family,  175. 
Cotton  Exports,  97. 


Index. 


IX 


Cottrell,  O.  L.,  July  Magazine,  ii, 

iv. 
Council  of  Virginia,  24,  25,  42,  43, 

431. 
Court,  Ordinance  of,  42;  County 

and  General,  49 ;  Courts  Mar- 
tial, 175;  Officers,  July  Maga- 
zine, vi ;  Records,  July  Maga- 
zine, vii ;  Courts  in  Virginia, 
19.  21,  22,  34,  42. 

Courtenay,  467. 

Cows,  91. 

Cowpens,  Battle  of,  322, 

Cox's  Mill,  8. 

Craig,  Adam,  323. 

Craig,  Col.  N  ,  204. 

Craig,  T.,  204. 

Cralle,  John,  202. 

Cranberries,  99. 

Cranfield,  See  Middlesex, 

Crashaw.  Captain  Joseph,  84,  424 

Crashaw,  Rawleigh.  84. 

Crashaw.  Richard,  84. 

Crashaw,  Rev.  William,  84. 

Critic,  Richmond,  198,  200. 

Crockett's  Regiment,  131-141. 

Crogan,  William,  134. 

Crompton,  Thomas,  202. 

Cromwell,  141,  189,  196. 

Crook.  Allen«  95. 

Crump,  W.  W.,  January  Magazine, 

Crute,  John  L.,  96. 

Cudge,  99. 

Culpeper,  Alexander,  83. 

Culpeper,  Baron,  83,  261,  275,  276. 

Culpeper  County,  3,  270. 

Culpeper,  Francis,  83. 

Culpeper,  Miss,  83. 

Cumberlend  County,  313,  339,  343. 

Cumberland  Fort,  465. 

Cummings,  Rev.  Archibald,  94. 

Cundale.  See  Candale. 

Cunliffe  Foster,  470. 

Curry,  J  L.  M.,  July  Magazine,  ii, 

January  Magazine,   xiv,  April 

1,  n. 
Curtains.  36. 
Curwen,  Thomas,  313. 
Custis,  63,  109.  J12. 
Custis,  Edmond,  454. 
Custis,  John.  85. 
Custis  Sarah,  85. 
Cutt,  Mrs.  Eleanor,  108. 


Dabbs,  330. 


Dabney's  Legion,  July  Magazine,  v. 
Dabney,  Col  Charles,  460  et  seq. 
Dabney.  R.  H.,  July  Magazine,  ii, 

iti,  iv;  January  Magazine,  xiv; 

April  Magazine,  i,  ii. 
Dabney  Family,  Members  of,  481. 
Dairy.  395. 

Dale,  General  Samuel,  438. 
Dale,  Sir  Thomas,  85, 158, 311,  440, 

446,  474. 

Dallas,  George  M.  88. 

Dallowell.  See  Philip  Ludwell. 

Dan  by.  83. 

Dancing  Point,  440,  441. 

Dandridge,  4. 

Dandridge,  Bartholomew,  64. 
i  Dandridge  Family.  Members    of, 

321,  424. 
'  Daniel,  J.  R.  V.,  January  Magazine, 
xni. 

Danville,  339;  College,  340;  Dan- 
ville Grays,  437. 

D'Armstadt,  353 

Daughters  of  American   Revolu- 
tion. July  Magazine,  v. 

Davis.  Captain  John,  i  et  seq^  122, 

459- 
Davis,  Lewis,  459. 

Davis,  John  Staige,  339. 

Davis,  William,  95. 

Deal,  151. 

Deaxler,  Thomas,  192. 

Be  Bows'  Review,   115,    124,   217, 

274  350. 
Decease,  Law  of,  40. 
Decisions,  Appellate   Court,  July 

Magazine,  v. 
Declaration  of  Independence,  55, 

208,  355. 
Declaration  of  the  People,  Bacon's, 

55-59. 
Deer  Skins,  186. 

Degman.  John,  95. 

Delaware.  Lord,  24,  188,  423,  474. 

Delegates,  House  of,  65,  221,  255, 

270,  272,  276,  372. 
Deliverance,  ship,  191. 
Denbeigh,   Home   of  the  Digges 

Family,  445. 
Denerell,  George,  445. 
Denison,  16. 
Derbyshire,  432  470. 
Descent,  Law  of,  21,  22. 
Dettingen,  Battle  of,  480. 
Detroit,  127. 
DeWitt.  John  E.,  Obituary  Notice 

of,  336. 


VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


Diary,   Rose,    July    Magazine,   v; 

Davis,  1-16;  Thornton,  83. 
Dickinson,  Peter,  311. 
Digges,  Dudley,  64,  168. 
Digges  Family,  481. 
Digges,  William   190,  406. 
Diggin,  William,  95. 
Dilke,  Clement,  443. 
Dilke,  Fisher,  443. 
Dilke,  Sir  Thomas,  443. 
Dimmock,  Blanche,  359,  477. 
Dinwiddle,    Official    Records    of 

Governor,  July  Magazine,  v. 
Dinwiddle  Courthouse,  13 
Dinwiddle  County,  7  319,  320. 
Discourse  of  the  Old  Company, 

289,  309. 
Dispatch,  Richmond,  352. 
Dytchly,  220. 
Dividends  of  Land,  158,  160,  311, 

312,  408. 
Divorce.  Law  of,  40 
Dixon,  See  Pardie  dr*  Dixon. 
Dixon   Family,  Members  of,  440, 

479 
Dixon,  Holderby,  321. 

Dixon,  John.  335 

Documents,  Historical,  July  Maga- 
zine, vii. 

Doddington,  123. 

Dolphenby,  451.  452. 

Dooley,  Mrs.  Tames  H.,  July  Mag- 
azine, v;  January  Magazine, x. 

Doomsday  Book,  313. 

Dorsetshire,  87. 

Dovecote,  395. 

Dover,  151. 

Dower.  Law  of,  40,  101. 

Downman,  Elizabeth,  195. 

Downs.  151. 

Draper,  Lyman  C,  131. 

Drayton.  418. 

Drewry,  Dr.  S.  D.,  438. 

Driver,  John,  99 

Drowned  Lands  in  Indiana,  128. 

Drummond,  182. 

Dry  Goods,  98. 

Dublin  Library,  Trinity  College,  75. 

Dudley  Family,  218,  481. 

Duels.  216,  347. 

Duke,  Henry,  236. 

Dullon,  Thomas,  26  27. 

Dunbar,  Martha,  438. 

Dunham.  Massey,  218. 

Dunkirk,  141,  4546. 

Dunmore,  Lord,  222,  355,  449,  450, 
458. 


Dunn,  Wm..  334. 

Duquesne,  Fort,  197. 

Dutch,  Relieve  the  Colony,  77; 
Low  Countries,  80,  85;  Their 
Influence,  100;  Navigation  Act 
and  Bland  Protest.  141,  155; 
Walloons,  160;  Nails,  268; 
Trade  with.  686. 

Duties,  145. 

Duvall,  Philip,  319. 

Dyer,  22. 

Dyer,  Sarah,  326. 

Earl,  Henry,  442. 

East,  Edmondson,  13. 

East  India  Company,  190. 

East  Indies,  87,  164. 

Eastern  Shore,  175,  238,  245    246, 

312.  332.  443.  453.  457- 
East,  Smithfleld,  28. 
Eaton  Free  School,  216,  326,  348, 

349- 
Eastward,  Edward,  91. 

Eden  River,  313. 

Edisto  River,  13. 

Edmunds  Stirling  E. ,  438. 

Edwards,  John.  311. 

Eight,  Pieces  of.  467. 

Elenor,  ship,  447. 

Elizabeth  City  County,  92,  93,  99, 
190-196,  216,  247,  310  et  seqt 
349  et  seq,  374,  440  et  seq. 

Elizabeth  River,  458. 

Elizabeth,  ship,  191.  311. 

Elkington,  Ann,  444. 

Ellington,  481. 

Elliot  Family,  344,  481. 

Ellis,  Thomas  H.,  January  Maga- 
zine, X. 

Ellyson,  J.  Taylor,  January  Maga- 
zine, xiv. 

Elsing,  Green,  321,  439. 

Eltham,  219,  224,  353,  456. 

Eltonhead,  Agatha,  115. 

Eltonhead.  Alice,  257;  Richard, 
257  ;  Eleanor,  Martha.  422. 

Elzey,  Arnold  and  Lucretia,  93. 

England,  78,  80,  85.  86,  87,  89,  92, 

93.  I74»  177.  188,  196,  257,  290, 

307.  351.  423.  427- 
England,  Its  Laws,  20,  22.  23,  32, 

46,63,79,  177, 193,  J02,  217,  221, 

255- 
English  Army,  59. 

English  Bar,  17. 

English  Church,  326. 

English  Colonies,  83. 


Index. 


XI 


English  Puritans.  loo. 

English  Nation,  26 

English  Navigation  Act;   Bland's 

Protest,  141  155. 
English  State  Paper  Oftice,  85. 
English,  Wiliiam,  425. 
Epes,  William,  312. 
Episcopal  (Protestant)  Clergy,  222, 

345- 
Episcopal  Seminary  at  Alexandria, 

January  Magazine,  vi. 

Epsom,  Home  of  the  Chews.  88. 

Erondelle,  310. 

Escheat,  Law  of,  26,  27,  238. 

Escheators,  364  et  seq. 

Eskridge,  George  and  Sarah.  270. 

Essex  County,  115.  222,  230;  Pa- 
rish, 374.  441 

Estate  of  Inheritance,  26. 

Estate,  Personal,  32,  33,  34. 

Eubank.  Nannie.  438. 

Evans,  Richard,  313. 

Eveling,  455 

Everard,  Thomas,  64. 

Europe,  90. 

Ewell,  Benjamin,  336. 

Exchange,  Bills  of,  28,  29,  31,  32, 
35,  39.  5i»54.  107,  117,  118,  121, 
122,  153,  407. 

Exeter  Lodge,  201. 


Faile,  John,  212. 
Fairfax,  Baron,  223,  354. 
Fairfax  County,  333. 
Fairfax,  Ferdinando,  274. 
Fairfax,  Pedigree,  224,  357. 
Fairfaxes  of  Stenton,  224. 
Fairfax,  William,  224. 
Fairfield,  244. 
Falconer.  James,  350. 
Falling  Creek,  159. 
Farguson,  James,  459. 
Farnefold,  Rev.  John,  216,  239,  240, 

244. 
Famham  244. 
Farrar,  See  Ferrer. 
Farrell,  Hubbard,  60 
Fauntleroy,  Betsy,  215. 
Fauntleroy   Family,  Members  of, 

51,52,223  472. 
Fauntleroy  House,  215,  346. 
Fauntleroy,   Moore,   214,  224,  333, 

346. 
Fauntleroy,  Colonel  Willliam,  215, 

256,  347-  • 

Fauquier  County,  3,  343. 


Febinger,  General,  463. 

Federal  Convention  of  1788;  H. 
B.  Grigsby,  July  Magazine,  v. 

Ferries,  204. 

Feather  Bed  36. 

Fee  Simple,  20. 

Ferrer  Family,  419. 

Ferrer,  John,  86. 

Ferrer,  Nicholas.  301,  419. 

Ferrer,  Wm..  425. 

Field,  Peter,  211 

Fielding,  Ambrose.  456. 

Filson  Club,  278. 

Finch,  Charles,  334. 

Fire  Arms,  57,  84. 

Fish,  98,  189. 

Fish,  Hamilton,  341. 

Fisher,  Anne,  443. 

Fisher,  Sir  Clement,  443. 

Fisher,  Richard,  95. 

Fitzhugh,  Biography  of,  17;  Let- 
ters, 17-55.  105-126,  253-277, 
391-410. 

Fitzhugh,  George,  217. 

Fitzhugh,  Henry,  217. 

Fitzhughs  of  King  George,  220. 

Flax,  30. 

Flemming,  Tarlelon.  328. 

Fleta,  Bracton  and  Brittun,  20. 

Fletcher.  George.  95,  456. 

Fleur  de  Hundred,  188. 

Fleury,  Colonel.  463. 

Flint,  Thomas,  444. 

Flinton,  Jane,  191. 

Flinton,  Pharoah,  190,  191. 

Flournoy  Family.  469. 

Flower,  98.  186. 

Floyd,  Nathaniel,  312.  313. 

Fluvanna  County,  339. 

Flying  Hart,  ship,  191,  192,  311. 

Folioil,  Edward,  243,  346. 

Fontaine  Family,  346,  480. 

Foote,  Richard,  274. 

Force's  Tracts,  158. 

Ford,  Jane,  468. 

Ford,  Louisa,  337. 

Ford.  Worthinglon  C,  January 
Magazine,  vi. 

Fordyce,  458. 

Forge,  Holt's.  6. 

Fortification,  157,  168,  186.  317. 

Fouace,  Stephen.  239,  240,  346. 

Four  Mile  Tree,  220. 

Fourth  Virginia  Regiment  in  the 
Revolution,  202. 

Fowler,  Captain,  30. 

Fowler,  Bartholomew,  237,  238. 


Xll 


VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL    MAGAZINE. 


Fox  Family,  Members  of,  47,  424, 

480. 
Fox,  Henry,  318.  319. 
Fox,  Richard.  453  et  seq, 
Foxcroft,  Isaac,  457. 
France,  160, 186 ;  Fleet  in  America, 

9,  10;  Army,  10,  11;  Influence 

in  Virg:inia,  216. 
Francisco,  Peter,  481. 
Frank,  Frederick,  436. 
Frankfort  Kentucky,  202. 
Franklin,  Benjamin,  355. 
Franklin  County,  339,  436. 
Fredericksburg.  3. 
Frederick  Town,  480. 
Frederick  County,  221. 
Freight  Charges  on  Tobacco,  121. 
Freedom  of  the  Colonies.  342. 
Freedom  of  the  Press,  103. 
French  Horn,  99. 
Frontiers,  60. 
Fruits,  87. 

Fuller,  Thomas,  311. 
Fuller,  William.  426 
Fultz,  Mrs.  A.  H.,  i. 
Furniture,  36. 
Fustian,  142. 


Gaines,  Richard  H.,  July  Maga- 
zine, ii.  iii,  iv  ;  January  Maga- 
zine, xiv  ;  April  Magazine,  i. 

Galear,  John,  327. 

Gallery  of  Pictures  of  Virginia  His- 
torical Society,  July  Magazine, 
vii 

Galloway  Family,  88,  312. 

Ganble,  Robert,  96,  97. 

Garden,  82,  86,  395. 

Gardner,  Captain.  172,  173. 

Garland  Family,  481. 

Garland,  Nathaniel,  42,  123. 

Garrett  Henry  A.,  438. 

Garter,  Tames,  200. 

Gates,  Armv  of  General,  15. 

Gates.  Sir  Thomas,  89,  92,  474. 

Gatliffe,  255. 

General  Court  Records,  120,  124. 

Genesis  of  the  United  States  Alex- 
ander Brown's,  474. 

Gentleman's  Magazine,  454,  477. 

Gentry,  English,  218. 

George,  J.  Z.,  336. 

George,  ship,    190,   193.    195,   196, 

313.  442. 
Georgia,  i,  16,  319.  344. 

Georgia,     Confederate     Steamer; 


See      Confederate      Steamer 

Georgia. 
Germans  16. 
German  Settlement,  14. 
Germanna.  213.  214.  346. 
Germantown,  Pa..  88. 
Germantown,  Battle  of,  i. 
Gerrard,  John  and  Rose,  269. 
Gettysburg,  Battle  of,  339. 
Gibault,  127. 
Gibson,  Andrew.  39,  55. 
Gibson,  Bishop,  74. 
Gibson,  Richard  51,  54,  55,  270. 
Gidding.  Little,  86,  374,  419. 
Gift,  ship.  194. 
Giles,  Thomas,  January  Magazine, 

x. 
Giles,  Wm.  B.,  July  Mggazine,  vi. 
Gill,  Samuel,  202-207. 
Ginger,  14. 
Ginseng,  98,  186. 
Gissing,  Hall,  218. 
Gist,  Colonel,  463. 
Glasgow,  Scotland,  99. 
Glasscock,  Robert,  327. 
Glenn,  Mary,  321. 
Gloucester  County,  92,   106.   113, 

116,  217.  406,  421,  463,  471. 
Gloucester    County,    History   of, 

359- 
Gloucester  Families,  218. 

Gloucester  County,  Public  Officers, 

234,  241,  243  249. 

Gloucestershire.  86  217,  351. 

Glover,  Richard,  454- 

Goats,  159. 

Godby,  Anna,  326. 

Godbie,  Thomas,  191. 

Godbie,  Joan.  191. 

Goddard.  Vincent,  31. 

Godwin,  472. 

Godwin,  Samuel.  256. 

Golden  Fortune,  274 

Gondomar,  Count.  298. 

Gooch,  William,  317,  328. 

Goochland  County,  328,  436,  465. 

Goodall,  John,  458. 

Goodall,  James,  459. 

Goodall,  William.  459. 

Goode,  John,  322. 

Goode.  Williem  O.,  322. 

Goode's  Bridge,  7. 

Gookin,  John,  86. 

Gookin.  Sarah,  86. 

Goose  Hill,  Jamestown  Island,  89. 

Gotley,  3f,  3^.  121. 

Gough  Family,  318. 


Index. 


xni 


Gower,  Thomas,  442. 

Gower,  William,  312. 

Grammar,  Mrs.,  320. 

Grant,  General  U.  S.,  342. 

Grapes,  159. 

Grape  Shot,  6. 

Grasse,  Admiral  de,  10. 

Gravesend  Church,  446. 

Graves,  Thomas,  443. 

Graw,  Robert,  212. 

Gray's  Inn,  223. 

Great  Bridge,  Battle  of,  458. 

Great  Britain,  88,  129. 

Green  Bag,  359 

Green,  B.  W.,  July  Magazine,  ii,  iii, 

iv ;  January  Magazine,  xiii,xiv, 

April  Magazine,  i. 
Green,  George,  89. 
Green,  Nicholas,  456. 
Green,  T.  M  ,  352. 
Green,  William,  124. 
Greenhelge,  399. 
Greene,  Army  of  General,  15. 
Greene,  Catharine  and    William, 

326. 
Green  Spring,  1,2,6,9,83,  113,116, 

176,  178,  325,  420. 
Greenville  County,  13. 
Gregory  Family.  320  et  seq^ 
Gregory,  John,  243. 
Gregory,  Richard.  439. 
Grieffs,  Colonel,  See  Gist. 
Griffin,  33,  47,  January  Magazine, 

xiv,  218,  226,  254,  255.  256,  471, 

472. 
Griffin,  Lady  Christina,  467. 
Griffin,  Leroy,  91. 
Grigg.  Thomas,  242. 
Grindon,  Edward,  89,  90,  187,441. 
Grindon,  Sarah,  441. 
Grindon,  Thomas,  442. 
Grinnan,  Dr.  A.  G.,  466,  469. 
Grinnan,   Daniel,   January   Maga- 
zine, xiv. 
Grolier  Club,  213. 
Grymes,  Rev.  Charles,  346,  480. 
Grymesby,  480. 

Grymes  Family,  7, 222,  355, 356, 480 
Grymes,  John  Randolph,  355,  356. 
Grymes.  Lowry,  95,  96. 
Guilford,  Connecticut,  94. 
Guilford  County.  74. 
Guilford  Courthouse,  14,  200. 
Gunnery,  John,  313. 
Guns,  II. 
Guy,  Jackson,  January  Magazine, 

XIV. 


Gwyn's  Island,  332. 
Gwynne,  218. 
Gwynne,  David,  256,  472. 
Gwynne,  John,  243. 

Habeas  Corpus,  iii. 

Habersham,  J.,  334. 

Hagar,  William,  459. 

Hairston,  George,  334. 

Hairston,  Jane  A.,  437. 

Hale.  G.  W.  B.,  436. 

Halifax  County,  324,  437. 

Hall,  Cassidy,  437. 

Hall,  Hugh,  191. 

Halloway,  John,  456. 

Ham,  98. 

Hammond.  M.,  453  et  seq. 

Hall.  Dr.,  126. 

Hampden-Sidney  College,  July 
Magazine,  iii. 

Hamilton,  Governor,  127,  128,  129. 

Hamilton,  Major,  16. 

Hamor,  Ralph,  86.  443,  446. 

Hamor,  Thomas,  86. 

Hampshire,  346. 

Hampton,  84,463. 

Hampton,  Home  of  the  Ridge- 
leys,  of  Maryland,  88. 

Hampton  Roads,  449. 

Hand,  Thomas,  194. 

Hanging  Rock,  15. 

Hankford,  17. 

Hanover  County,  3.  356.  437,  438. 

Hanover  Town,  8. 

Hansbury,  John,  47. 

Hansford,  Charles,  453,  457. 

Hardidge,  William,  35,  39,  40. 

Harding,  John,  442. 

Harley,  Earl  of  Oxford,  201. 

Harmanson,  Elisha,  444. 

Harop,  89,  440. 

Harriat,  David,  95. 

Harris,  Captain,  117. 

Harris,  Mary,  212. 

Harris,  W.,  313,  459. 

Harris  Genealogy,  359. 

Harrisburg,  N.  C.,  13. 

Harrison,  Benjamin,  64.   178,   188, 

239.  457,461. 
Harrison,  Burr,  24-26. 
Harrison,  Charles,  321. 
Harrison,  Mrs  Burton.  357. 
Harrison,  George,  83. 
Harrison,  Hannah,  178. 
Harrison,  Nathaniel,  244,  363. 
Harrison,  Thomas.  327. 
Harsnett,  John.  188. 


XIV 


VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


Harsnett.  Elizabeth.  i88. 

Harriot,  David,  95. 

Hartford,  Connecticut,  200,  337. 

Hartwell,  Henry,  38,39  115,  119. 

Hartwell,  Chilton  and  Blair*s  Pre- 
sent Stale  of  Virginia,  214. 

Harvard  College,  199,  342. 

Harvard  College,  Library  of,  17. 

Harvey,  Catharine,  188. 

Harvey,  James,  459. 

Harvey,  Sir  John,  83,  87,  181,  188, 
193.  416  et  seq. 

Harvey,  Sir  Sebastian,  92. 

Harwood,  Thomas,  89. 

Haverton,  5r,  52. 

Haw  River.  13. 

Hawkins,  60,  104. 

Hawks,  177 

Hawley.  Governor,  87. 

Hawley,  James,  456. 

Hayden,  Elizabeth,  195. 

Hayden.  Rev.  Horace  E.,  116 

Hayes.  James,  437 

Hayes,  John.  194. 

Haynes,  William,  89. 

Hayseed,  30. 

Haywood  Family,  274,  323,  404. 

Haywood,  Anthony.  201. 

Haywood,  Nicholas,  277,  402,  408, 
410. 

Haywood,  Samuel,  408,  410. 

Heacham,  445. 

Headrights,  82  83,  89.  00,  91,  92 

Heitman's  Officers  of  the  Conti- 
nental Army,  203. 

Hemp,  98. 

Heninglon,  87. 

Henneman,  Prof.  J.  B.,  July  Mag- 
azine, ii.  iii. 

Henrico  County,  July  Magazine, 
iv.  4.  8.  170,  177,  208,  212,  225, 
241,  242,  332,  442,  444  etseq, 

Henrico  Parish,  374,  419. 

Henry,  Patrick,  July  Magazine,  vi, 

64.  1-27,  334  335- 
Henry,  Mrs.  Patrick,  323. 

Henry,  Wm.  Wirt.  325,  326, 476. 

Henry,  Mrs.  William  Wirt,  July 
Magazine,  v;  January  Maga- 
zine, X. 

Herbert,  Duller,  320. 

Herbert,  John,  321. 

Herbert,  Margaret,  449. 

Herriat,  See  Harriatt 

Hertfordshire,  188. 

Hesse,  220. 

Heth,  William,  97. 


Hewitt  Family.  256.  472. 

Heyl.  Colonel  E.  M.,  333,  470. 

Heyman,  Peter,  244. 

Hickey,  Mary,  334. 

Hicklin,  Thomas.  W.,  462  et  seq^ 

Hickman,  Thomas  and  Mary,  201. 

Hickman,  George,  442. 

Hide,  Catharine,  201. 

Higginson,  Robert,  .178. 

Highgate,  479. 

Hill  Family.  Members  of,  188,  321^ 

333.  363. 
Hill,  Swinefield,  334. 

Hill,  William,  321. 

Hinkle's  Fort,  461. 

Hinton,  Sir  Thomas,  91. 

Historical  Commission  of  England, 

Royal,  July  Magazine,  vii. 
Historical  Societies  of  the  States 

of  the  United  States,  January 

Magazine,  viii,  ix,  x,  360. 
Hite.  Josiah,  357. 
Hobart  College,  344. 
Hobbs,  John   256,  471,  472. 
Hobbs,  Richard,  471,  472. 
Hobson,  Thomas,  229. 
Hoe,  257. 
Hodgbins,  91. 
Hodgson,   Rev.  Telfair,  Obituary 

Notice  of,  344. 
Hoggatt,  Anthony,  328. 
Hog  Island.  87,  90,  187,  441. 
Hogs,  91,  159,  257,  417. 
Hogeland,  Richard,  95. 
Holbein,  439. 
Holland,  36.  38,  80,  85,   104,   143, 

144.   145,    149.    153.    189,   452; 
Effect  of  Navigation  Acts  on,  141- 

155 ;  Fruits  of,  87. 
Holland,  Gabriel  and    Mary,  89, 

442. 
Holly  Camp,  462. 
Hollywood  Cemetery,  344. 
Holman,  James,  328. 
Holmes,    Thomas    and    Margery^ 

244.  257. 
Holt,  Colonel,  171. 
Holt's  Forge,  Mill  and  Iron  Works, 

6,  8,  10. 
Honeyman,  John  C,  January  Mag- 
azine} vi. 
Honey  wood,  Philip,  453  et  seq. 
Hooe  Family,  219,  433. 
Hoops,  98. 

Hopkins,  Thomas,  456. 
Hopkins,  P.,  91. 
Hopkins  University,  Studies,  360. 


Index. 


XV 


Hops,  98. 

Horn,  99. 

Horse,  33. 

Horsehealh,  Cambridgeshire,  191 

Horseshoe  Plain.  128. 

Horsman,  Jeremiah  95. 

Horsmandene,  124. 

Horton,  Wm.,  216. 

Hose,  165. 

Hoskins,  Bartholomew,  310.  311. 

Hospital,  6. 

Hothersoll,  Thomas  and  John,  83. 

Hot  Water,  Battle  of,  460. 

Housden,  William.  242,  243. 

Household  Articles,  208,  212. 

Houtershealt.  Philip,  95. 

Howard,  Colonel  John  Eager,  88. 

Howard,  Lord  Effingham,  126, 176. 

Howard.  Allen,  328. 

Howell,  Thomas,  312. 

Howes,  John,  312. 

Howitzers  of  Richmond,  Virginia. 
340. 

Howson.  Leonard.  42. 

Howson,  Lewis,  456. 

Hubart  Family,  481. 

Hubberd,  Robert.  64,  81. 

Hughes,  Robert  M.,  July  Maga- 
zine, ii,  iii;  April  Magazine, 
I,  n. 

Hughes  Family;  4»r. 

Huguenot,  469. 

Huguenot  Emigration,  July  Mag- 
azine, V. 

Hull,  England,  99,  269 

Hull  Family,  Members  of,  51. 

Hull,  Peter,  464. 

Humphrey,  James,  4. 

Hungers,  244. 

Hungers  Parish.  444. 

Hunt,  Gaillard,  January  Magazine, 
xiv. 

Huntingdonshire,  419,  479,  481. 

Hunter,  Jr.,  Major  John,  January 
Magazine,  xiv. 

Hutchins,  Anthony,  324. 

Hutchins,  Colonel,  10. 

Hutchins,  History  of  Dorset,  215. 

Hutchings,  Jqhn  64. 

Hutchinson,  Joseph,  95. 

Hutton,  Sir  Timothy,  314. 

Hulzler,  Henry  S.,  January  Maga- 
zine, xiv. 

Hyland,  James  and  Eliza,  93. 

Illinois  Regiment  and  Northwest- 
ern Territory,  127- 141. 


Independence  of  America,  5. 
Indiana,  129,  256. 

Indians,  57,  58.  77.  84,  85,  86.  155, 
156,  158,  167,  182,  190,  223,  254, 

324.  342,  346,  363.  423.  430.  433. 
443.  455.  461 ;  Machoatick,  199; 
Monocan,  181 ;  Nansemond, 
93 ;  Potomac,  196 ;  In  Time  of 
Company.  1607-1624,  180.  i8r ; 
Indian  Warfare,  84;  Wars, 
278;  Indian  Village,  84;  In 
Bacon's  Rebellion,  168-186. 

Indiantown.  317. 

Indies,  East.  87,  164. 

Indies,  West,  161,  216,  316. 

Indigo,  142. 

Infantry.  11,  13. 

Ingersoll,  Joseph,  88. 

Inlet  Plantation,  84. 

Innes,  Henry,  335. 

Innes,  James,  January  Magazine, 
vi. 

Inverary,  Scotland,  316. 

Ireland,  75,  142.  189,  265,  307,  313, 

407»  452. 
Iron,  305. 

Iron  Works.  Holts,  6,  Exports,  98 ; 

Falling  Creek,  159 ;   Backs  of 

Chimneys,  271. 
Irving  Joseph,  437. 
Ileham,  220. 
Isle    of    Wight,    Public    Officers, 

1680,  246;  1699,  235;  Parishes, 

374- 
Isle  of  Wight  County,  361 . 
Isle  of  Wight,  England,  456. 
Istan,  193. 


Jackson,  Captain,  108. 
Jackson,  John,  422. 
Tacksonborough,  i,  16. 
acob,  ship,  191. 
amaica,  West  Indies,  316. 
ames  City,  See  Jamestown, 
James  City  County,  198,  361,  450; 
Public  Officers,  1680,  226,  241 ; 
Parishes,   242 ;  Justices,  Sher- 
iffs. 233. 
ames  City  Parish,  374. 
iameson,  John,  96. 
ames,  Edward  W.,  326,  458. 
lames  River,  6.  8.  85,  97,  338,  460 

et  seq. 
James    River,   Lower  and  Upper 

Districts,  244. 
James,  ship,  312. 


XVI 


VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


Jamestown,  2,  23.  39,  53,  82,  83.  84, 
85,  86,  88,  89,  90,  102,  155,  168, 
170,  182,  187,  233,  275,  312.  313. 
314.  317.  427,  434,  440  et  seq, 
447  et  seq,  453  et  seq,  460  et  seq. 

Jamestown  Island.  89,  187,  188. 

"arrett.  Rev  Devereux,  319. 
efferson  and  Fry's  Map,  347. 
efferson  County,  W.  Va.,  197. 

^efferson,  Martha,  210,  211. 

Jefferson,  Thomas,  July  Magazine, 

vi,  325- 
Jefferson,  Thomas,  Sr.,    Personal 
Estate,  208-211. 

Jeffreys,  Commissioner,  175,  176. 
effreys,  Jeffrey,  168. 
effries,  George,  108,  109. 
Jener,  Joanna,  442. 
Jenkins,   Rear-Admiral  Thornton 

Am  Obituary  Notice,  338. 
ennings,  Cabet,  459. 
ennings,  Edmund,  238,  245,  362. 
ennings,  Thomas,  442. 
ennings,  Peter,  115. 
Jew,  467. 

Jonathan,  ship,  313. 
John  and  Francis,  ship,  190.  195,444 
Johnson,  Alderman,  157,  2S^etseq. 
Johnson,  John,  90,  442. 
Johnson,  Thomas,  340. 
Johnston,  Andrew,  January  Maga- 
zine, iv. 
Jones.  Churchill,  95,  97. 
Jones,  Cadwallader,  254. 
Jones,  Colonel,  268.  271. 
Jones.  Elizabeth,  447,  467. 
Jones  Family,  Members  of.  276,322, 

343.  481- 
Jones,  Frederick,  320,  322. 

Jones,  Giles.  447. 

Jones,  Mrs.  Herbert.  445. 

Jones,  John  Paul,  186. 

Jones,  Richard,  467. 

Jones,  Robert,  456. 

Jones,  Roger,  115, 116,  126. 

Jones,  William,  54,  89. 

Jordan,  242. 

Jordan's  Journey,  190. 

Jordan's  Point,  220. 

Journals,  Legislative,  109. 

Jude's  Ferry,  469. 

Jugs,  122. 

Julian,  William,  194,  327. 

Jupiter,  James,  212. 

Jury,  22,  23,  31. 

Justices  of  the  Peace,  92,  227,  230, 

236,  364  et  seq. 


Kamper,  104. 

Kaskaskia,  127. 

Keene  Family,  Members   of,   95, 

333.  472,  473- 

Keene,  William.  201,  333. 

Keith's  Creek,  445. 

Keith,  C.  P..  456,  479. 

Kelly,  M..  334. 

Kemp,  Edmond,  421,  480. 
I  Kemp  Family,  480. 

Kemp's  Landing,  458. 

Kemp,  Mathew,  60,  109,  426  et  seq. 

Kemp,  Richard.  313, 420,  432. 
'  Kemp,  Robert,  421,  480. 

Kemp,  William,  194. 

Kelland,  Thomas,  201. 

Kelway  Reports,  22. 

Kendall,  John,  444. 

Kendall,  William.  198. 

Kenna  Family  433. 

Kennon,  44. 

Kennon,  Beverly,  373. 

Kennor,  Richard,  269. 

Kennor,  Rodham,  229. 

Kenyon,  Abraham,  257. 

Kenyon,  George.  439. 

Kent  County,  England,  90. 

Kent  County,  448. 

Kent  Courthouse,  8. 

Kent,  Humphrey,  310. 

Kent  Island,  315.  424,  425. 

Kenting,  36. 

Kentucky,  127, 278,  336,  481 ;  Gene- 
ral .Scott  removes  to,  203; 
Louisville,  278;  Militia,  203. 

Kerr,  Rev.  R.  P.,  D.  D.,  January 
Magazine,  xii. 

Keyser,  William,  463. 

Kiccotan  84.  91-95,  190,  192,  311. 

Kidd,  Daniel,  95. 

Kidd,  Norman,  459. 

King  and  Queen  County,  255,  481; 
Parishes.  375;  Public  Officers, 
234.  241. 

King's  Creek,  312. 

King  George  County,  220, 274,  352, 

439- 
King,  Daniel,  95. 

Kingsmill,  Richard,  1.88. 

Kingston,  John  Withers  of,  320. 

Kingston  Parish,  92,  99. 

Kingston-Upon-Hull,  269. 

King  William    County,    220,   317, 

319  et  seq,  424,  459. 

King  William  Parishes,  375, 

Kippax,  447. 

Kiquotan,  See  Kiccotan. 


Index. 


xvu 


Kirkbryde.  Richard,  313. 
Kirkpatrick.  Captain,  8- 
Kiskiack,  187,  353,  423.  425. 
Kitchen,  395. 

Knickerbocker  Family,  341. 
Knickerbocker  Magazine,  342. 
Knight,  Richard,  200. 
Knowles,  Thomas,  91. 

Lading,  Bills  of.  See  Loading 

Lafayette,  July  Magazine,  vi,  6,  12. 

Lamb,  George,  334 

Lambert,  Thomas,  327. 

Lancashire,  422. 

Lancaster  County,  222,  254,  311, 
355  468;  Justices,  sheriffs  and 
clerks,  230;  Parish,  244,  375; 
People  of,  356,  397,  421.  422. 

Land  Dividends,  See  Dividends, 

Land  Office,  450. 

Land  Office,  Register  of,  82. 

Land  Patents,  Abstracts  of,82, 187, 
310.  436. 

Lane,  John,  459. 

Langbourn,  439. 

Langhorne,  William,  323. 

Langston,  Anthony,  452. 

Lard.  98. 

Larkin,  87. 

Lauzun.  Due  de,  11. 

Laward,  424. 

Lawd,  William,  28. 

Lawmont,  99 

Lawnes  Creek,  242. 

Lawrence,  John,  243. 

Lawrence,  Richard,  182,  326. 

Laws,  New,  18;  Common,  19;  Mu- 
nicipal, 19;  Imprisonment,  1 10; 
Order  of  Court,  42;  Descent, 
20;  England,  22 ;  Martial  Law, 
158;  Wills.  259;  How  far  Eng- 
lish Laws  applicable  to  Vir- 
ginia, 260. 

Lay cock,  Joseph, 269. 

Layton,  Sir  William,  124. 

Lead,  99 

Lear  John,  239. 

Lecon field,  Lord,473. 

LeConte.  15. 

Lee,  Arthur,  July  Magazine,  vi. 

Lee,  Charles  Carter,  July  Maga- 
zine, V. 

Lee,  Elizabeth,  473. 

Lee  Family.  July  Magazine,  vi. 

Lee,  Ferdinand,  321. 

Lee,  Cassius  F.,  Jr.,  July  Magazine, 
vi,  178. 


Lee,  F.  L.,  178. 

Lqe,  Francis,  456. 

Lee,  General,  Henry,  336. 

Lee,  Hugh,  456. 

Lee  Residence,  July  Magazine,  iii. 

Lee,  Richard,  18,  41.  60,  123,  126, 

200.  245,  270  313,  363,  421,  456. 
Lee,  Richard  Henry,  178. 
Lee,  Robert  (Intended  for  Richard), 

60. 
Lee,  Robert  E.,  July  Magazine,  iv, 

vi,  217,  218.  336. 
Lee,  Sallie,  270. 
Lee,  William,  41,  52,  53,  174. 
Leesburg,  2,  3,  203. 
Lefebeer,  Captain  Peter,  199. 
Leftidge.  51,  52.  53. 
Leigh.  William,  52,  174,  363. 
Lennox.  Duke  of,  420. 
Leopoldus,  ship,  141. 
Leslie,  Captain,  449. 
Leslie,  William,  458. 
Letter  Books  of  William  Byrd  and 

Wm.  Fitzhugh,  July  Magazine, 

V. 

Levin,  Earl  of,  458. 

Levy,  103,  455. 

Lewis   Family,   217,  219,  220,  228, 

256,  351 »  354.479. 
Lewis.  James,  256. 

Lews.  Joseph,  95, 

Lexington,  Battle  of,  331. 

Lexington,  Kentucky,  469. 

Lexington,  Mississippi,  336. 

Liberty  Hall,  320. 

Liberty  Sloop,  331. 

Library  of  Virginia  Historical  So- 
ciety, July  Magazine,  iv,  v; 
January  Magazine  vii;  April 
Magazine,  ii ;  of  Harvard  Col- 
lege. 17;  Trinity  College,  Dub- 
lin, 75 ;  Virginia  State  Libra- 
ry, 75.83- 

Libscoe.  200. 

Lightfoot   Family,    223,    238,    244, 

257. 
Lignum  Vitae,  98. 

Lincolne,  39,  52. 

Linen,  36. 

Littleton  Family,  93. 

Littleton,  Nathaniel,  444. 

Littleton,    Residence    of    George 

Menifie,  40,  63,  86. 

Linden,  270 

Liverpool,  99,  392,  404,  406,  407. 

Lloyd,  Cornelius,  327. 

Locke,  John,  311. 


XVlll 


VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL    MAGAZINE. 


Lock  ridge,  Captain  Andrew,  461 
et  seg. 

Lockslocks,  98. 

Locust  Tree,  395. 

Logwood.  99. 

Lomax,  John,  115. 

London,  26,  28,  35,  49,  78.  86,  188, 
268.  275,  276,  320,  434,  442,  447; 
Merchants  of,  28,  35,  195,  406; 
Lord  Mayor  of,  92 ;  Virginia 
Company  of,  86,  155.  193*  196, 
202,  287,  309. 419,  423 ;  Charter 
of  Virginia  Company  of,  155, 
161,  167,  310,  311,  314;  Bishop 
of,  94,  275;  Exchange  in.  396. 

Long  Creek,  443. 

Long,  Gifford,  274. 

Long,  William,  460. 

Lord  Family,  200. 

Lords  of  Trade  and  Plantations, 
176,  177. 

Lossing,  Benjamin,  Jr.,  347. 

Lotteries,  161. 

Loudoun  County,  3,  98,  272. 

Louisa  County,  3.  325,  343. 

Louisiana,  197,  254 

Louisville,  Kentucky,  130,  437. 

Lowry,  John, 363. 

Lowry,  William,  241. 

Lowther,  Richard,  313. 

Lucas,    Ambrose   and    Zachariah, 

459- 
Lucum,  John,  35.  36. 

Ludlow,  Edmund,  426. 

Ludlow  George,  426. 

Ludwell,  60. 

Ludwell.  Jane.  178. 

Ludwell  Papers,  424. 

Ludwell,   Colonel    Philip,  Life  of, 

174-178;    Account   of  Bacon's 

Rebellion.  178-186 
Ludwell,  Philip,  Jr.,  178. 
Ludwell,  Thomas.  432. 
Luke,  George.  363. 
Lunenburg  County,  321. 
Lunsford  Family.  115. 
Lunsford.SirThomas,  421,432,  453. 
Lupo  Family,  194.  195. 
Lutherans,  346. 
Lyme,  Regis,  87. 
Lymes,  36,  48. 
Lyne.  Henry,  334. 
Lynnhaven  Parish,  243,  311,  326. 
Lyons,  James;  335,  342. 
Lyons.  Peter,  320. 
Lyddale,  George,  317. 
Lvtle,  Peter,  2. 


Machoatick  Indians,  199. 
Machoatick  River.  199. 
Mackinny.  Alexander,  460. 
i  Macon.   Mrs.    Norah   L..   January 

Magazine,  vi 
Macon,  W.  H.,  323. 
Macy.  Robert,  95. 
Madden,  John.  95. 
Madison,  Ambrose,  458  et  seq, 
Madison,  Connecticut,  94. 
Madison.  Francis,  453 
Madison,    James,    197,    458,    July 

Magazine,  vi. 
Madison  Henry.  318. 
Madison  Mills,  Virginia^  466,  489. 
Magoth}  Bay,  89. 
Mahogany,  98. 
Mame  State  of,  336. 
Magazine  of  Supplies,  158.  301 
Magazine    of   American   History, 

314.  315. 

Magazine  of  Virginia  Historical 
Society,  See  yirginia  Maga- 
zine of  History  and  Biogra- 
phy. 

Magna  Carta,  23,  24.  25,  48. 

Malcolm,  313. 

Malvern  Hill,  9 

Manchester,  Virginia,  321. 

Mandeville,  Marigiiy,  324. 

Manhattan,  200. 

Mangum  Family.  469. 

Manigault  Family,  470. 

Mann,  Bernard,  438. 

Mann,  Thomas,  445. 

Manuscripts,  July  Magazine,  v,  vi; 
Sainsbury,  83 

Maps,  Jefferson  and  Fry.  347. 

Marines  of  Virginia  Navy,  64. 

Maritime  Law,  202. 

Marjoram.  87. 

Margaret  and  John,  ship.  191.440. 

Marlborough,  220. 

Marshall.  W.  P.,  January  Maga- 
zine, vi. 

Marshall.  Humphrey.  278. 

Marshall,  John,  July  Magazine,  vi, 

399  404. 
Martial  Law,  158 

Martin.  John,  440. 

Maryland.  2  13,30.  87,  100, 143, 198. 
202,  254.  268,  315.  341,  349  406, 
417,  424.  426.  429.  435;  Naviga- 
tion Act  in.  141-155;  Council, 
86.  87,  197  ;  Archives.  448;  Sol- 
diers, 13;  Senate,  93;  Trade, 
145.  146.  147.  148.  153. 


Index. 


XIX 


Mary  and  James,  ship,  193. 

Mary's  Mount.  192. 

Mary  Providence,  ship,  192. 

Martian,  Nicholas,  425  et  seg. 

Martin's  Hundred,  90,  198,  243. 

Mason,  Colonel,  39,  124. 

Mason,  Dorothea,  445. 

Mason,  Peter,  445. 

Mason,  Frank,  327. 

Mason,  James  M.,  88. 

Mason,  Lemuel,  449. 

Massacre  of  1622,  79,  80,  84,  85.  86, 
162,  193,  237,  309. 

Massie  Account  Book,  July  Maga- 
zine, V. 

Masts.  98. 

Matchotux  River,  245. 

Mathew,  Thomas,  42,  43,  456. 

Mathews  Family,  91,  92,  201,  202. 

Mathews.  John.  480. 

Mathews,  Samuel,  24.  25,  52,  87, 
91,  92,  201,  255-8,  416  ei  seg, 
480. 

Mathews,  Colonel  Sampson,  461, 
462  et  seg. 

Mattapony.  201,  317.  355,  423. 

Mattox,  441. 

Maule,  Thomas,  126. 

Maury,  William  A.,  January  Maga- 
zine, xii. 

Maxtoke  Castle,  443. 

Maxwell,  Captain,  332. 

Maycox.in  Prince  George  County, 
220. 

Mayer,  John,  445. 

Mayflower,  ship,  199. 

Mayo,  Lucy,  339. 

Mayo,  William,  100,  loi. 

Meade,  David,  93. 

Meade,  Bishop  William,  174,  213, 

346,  355.  446. 

Meade  Family,  473. 

Meadows,  Battle  of,  278. 

Meare,  Thomas,  328,  330. 

Mediterranean  Sea,  338. 

Mechanics,  30,  36,  91. 

Mechanics  Institute,  Richmond, 
Virginia,  January  Magazine,  v. 

Mecklenburg  County,  North  Caro- 
lina, 13,  14. 

Mecklenburg  County,  Virginia, 
January  Magazine,  vi. 

Mehair,  Thomas,  95. 

Mellerson,  Samuel,  95. 

Mellowes,  Captain  Elisha,  117. 

Meminger,  Hon.  C.  G.,  January 
Magazine,  v. 


Menifie,  George,  86,  87,  198,  419 

etseg.^Si,  460. 
Mercer  Family,  Members  of,  256, 

451- 
Merchants,    80,    of    London,    17 ; 

Cape,  181,  187. 

Meredith,  Rev.  Mr.,  352. 

Meredith,  Charles  V.,  July  Maga- 
zine, ii,  iii ;  January  Magazine, 
xiv  ;  April  Magazine,  i. 

Meredith,  Wyndham  R.,  January 
Magazine,  xiii. 

Meriwether  Order  Book,  July  Mag- 
azine, V,  vii. 

Merriman,  Richard,  201. 

Metcalf,  473. 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  337. 

Mexican  War,  338  360. 

Michael,  Mary,  432. 

Michigan,  129. 

Micou.  James  Roy,  92. 

Middlesex  County,  England,  177, 

451- 

Middlesex  County,  Virginia,  106, 
109.  116,  126.  168,  221,  255,356, 
420  e/seg,  432,  470  ei  seg;  Pub- 
lic Officers,  235,  249,  404 ;  Re- 
cords, 115. 

Middlesex,  Earl  of,  157,  t6o,  290 
e/  seg. 

Middleton,  Basil,  45,  96. 

Midway,  465. 

Miles,  Daniel,  318. 

Milford,  Pennsylvania,  336. 

Militia.  12.  169,  197,  203,  254,  255, 
256,  272,  316,  322,  324. 

Military  Officers,  225,  226,  246,  252; 
Stores.  15. 

Miller,  P.  G.,  328. 

Mills,  4,  6.  7,  8,  9, 10,  12,  15,  16, 159, 

2^»  395- 
Milner,  Thomas,  241. 

Milton's  Water,  8. 

Minge,  49,  119,  241. 

Ministers  in  1680.  242-244. 

Minkin.  Jeremiah,  95. 

Minnesota,  State  of,  341. 

Minor,   B.   B.,  January   Magazine, 

iv. 
Minor  Family.  Members  of,  272. 
Minot,  Thomas,  95. 
Minson,  Henry,  99. 
Mississippi,  State  of,  439. 
Missouri  Compromise,  342. 
Missouri.  State  of,  436. 
Mobile  Bay,  338. 
Mobjack  Bay,  4i8o 


XX 


VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL    MAGAZINE. 


Molassest  99. 

Molly,  ship,  99. 

Monmoutb.  Battle  of.  i,  463. 

Monroe.  James,  Portrait  of,  July 
Magazine,  vi. 

Monroe,  John,  95. 

Monocan  Indians,  See  Indians, 
Montague.  222. 

Montague,  William.  355,  356. 

Montevideo,  Uruguay,  338. 

Montgomery,  Fort,  463. 

Montgomery,  James,  90. 

Montgomery,  John,  131. 

Moore,  Bernard  319. 

Moore,  Bishop  Channing,  346. 

Moore  House,  12,  426. 

Moore,  W.,  418 

Moraviantown,  14. 

Morgan,  Robert,  311. 

Morodock  269. 

Morothico  Creek,  397. 

Morris,  Nicholas,  456. 

Morris,  Mildred  436. 

Morris,  William,  313. 

Morrison,  454. 

Morse,  See  Muse. 

Moryson,  Governor,  175. 

Morse  Family,  465,  468. 

Morse's  Neck,  465. 

Morson,  A.  A.,  January  Magazine,x. 

Morton.  John,  i. 

Mortars,  ir. 

Mosby  Farm,  469. 

Mosely,  Edward  326 

Moseley,  William,  96,  97,  242. 

Mott.  John,  91. 

Mottrom,  200. 

Mottrom,  John  456. 

Mulberry  island,  89,  243. 

Munford,  B.  B ,  July  Magazine,  ii, 
iii;  January  Magazine,  xiv, 
April.  I. 

Muse  or  Morse.  279. 

Mutiny  in  Virginia,  1635,  416. 

Myers,  Gustavus  A.,  January  Maga- 
zine, X. 

McAllister,  J.  T.,  460. 

McClintic,  William.  463. 

McCoy,  John,  462. 

McClung.  464. 

McRae,  Sherwin,  439. 

McCreary,  John,  464. 

McDaniel,  Arthur,  95. 

McDonnell,  Isaac,  324. 

McDonough,  Philip,  95. 

McGery,  Captain,  461. 

McGloughlin,  John,  460. 


McGuinness.  James.  459. 

McGuire,  F.  H.,  July  Magazine,  ii, 
iii ;  January  Magazine,  xiii, 
xiv ;  April  Magazine,  i. 

McGuire,  Rev.  John.  437. 

McGuire,  Zachariah,  324. 

McKenzie,  Robert,  380  et  seq. 

Mcllwaine.  William  B.,  438 

McLane,  Richard,  95- 

McLaughlin,  John,  324. 

Nancy's  Shop,  Battle  of.  337. 

Nansemond  County,  85,  197 ;  In- 
dians, 93 ;  Public  Officers.  232, 
24  r,  243.  247;  Parishes,  376. 

Napoleon   Emperor,  343. 

Nash,  Marvell,  334. 

Nash,  William,  456. 

Nashville,  Tennessee,  436. 

Natchez  Mississippi,  438* 

Nation  Journal,  274., 

National  Intelligencer,  January 
Magazine,  vi. 

Naval  Officers.  Accomac,  93 ;  Rap- 
pahannock, 115. 

Navigable  Rivers,  Creeks,  etc.,  of 
Virginia,  362 

Navigation,  Acts  of,  75,  118,  141  et 
seq,  19^.  202. 

Navy,  Virginia  Navy  in  the  Revo- 
lution, 64,  331. 

Navy  Board.  65;  Virginia  Navy 
and  Naval  Officers  in  Revolu- 
tion, 65. 

Naylor's  Hole,  215. 

Neale,  Christopher,  228,  229. 

Neck  of  Land,  83  89. 

Needham,  John.  91 

Neill.  Rev.  E.  D.,  86.  i88,  416,  440, 
473  et  seq. 

Nelson  County,  343. 

Nelson,  Jr.,  Governor  Thomas. 
His  Letters,  etc.,  July  Maga- 
zine, v;  at  Yorklown,  11,  426, 
470. 

Negroes,  Negro  Quarter,  2  ;  Slave 
Ships.  37  ;  Purchases  of.  31,44, 
51.  52;  Dumb  Negro,  45; 
Negro  Market,  45;  Negro  Arm 
Road.  222,  356;  Negro  Head 
Run,  222,  356;  Musical  Slave, 
99;  Captain  Tucker's,  193; 
Captain  Pott's,  198;  Thomas 
Jefferson,  Sr's,  208;  Burn- 
ham's.  257 ;  Dismemberment 
of,  328 ;  Martian's,  426 ;  Slaves 
Freed, 439 


Index. 


XXI 


Neine,  William,  243. 

Neptune,  ship,  194,  312. 

Netherland,  100,  104. 

Neuce,  Captain,  194 

New,  325. 

Newell,  Letitia,  318. 

Newson,  Thomas,  445. 

New  England,  100,  108,  200-202, 
300. 

New  England  Historical  and  Gene- 
alogical Register,  85,  178,  189, 
200,  315,  442. 

New  England  Historical  and  Gene- 
alogical Society,  195. 

Newfoundland,  313. 

New  Haven,  Connecticut,  197. 

New  London,  201. 

New  Market,  85- 

New  Orleans,  Louisiana,  324,  328, 

438- 
New  Jersey,  86,  3*^4.  458. 

New  Hampshire,  441. 

New  Kent  County,  4,  8,  12,  13,  53, 
174.  235,  241,  248,  317,  324,  376, 
425,  436,  444,  450,  454,  456. 

New  Point  Comfort,  84. 

Newport,  England,  456. 

Newport.  Captain  Christopher,  190, 

443 
Newport's  News,  190,  424. 

Newport,  R.  L.  99. 

Newton  Family,  40,  41, 47,  269,  270, 
449. 

Newton,  Virginius,  January  Maga- 
zine, xiv;  April  Magazine,  i 

Newton,  Thomas,  473. 

New  York,  100,  103,  186,  197,  336, 
341,  342.  454. 

New  York  City,  438,  440. 

Nibley,  86 

Nicholson.  Governor  Francis,  200. 
216,  226,  228.  236,  238,  249,  254. 

Noland.  George,  95. 

Nolting,  E.  O.,  Obituary  Notice  of, 

343- 
Nomany.  40,  47.  52. 

Norfolk.  94.  95.  321;  Committee  of 

Safety  for.  439. 
Norfolk  County,  232,  326,  439.  448. 

453.  458;  Lower  Norfolk,  86. 
Norfolk,  England,  445. 
Norler,  William.  90. 
Norman  Family,  Members  of,  404, 

407. 
Normandy^,  310. 
Norringtort,  Captain,   33,  36,  105, 

117,  118,  121.  123.  270 


Norris  Family,  468. 

North,  Arthur,  442. 

Northampton  County,  84,  86,  93, 
198,230,  242,  251,  376;  Sheriff, 
85,  86;  Records.  315,  317. 

Northamptonshire,  223. 

North  Carolina,  13.  177,  276,  325, 
470. 

Northern  Neck,  23,  124    201,  222, 

223.  357,  481. 
Northumberland  County,  199,  200, 

201,  224,  229.  242.  244,  245,  250, 

255  256,315.316,  376.456. 

Northwest  Territory.  129. 

Notes,  Tobacco,  401. 

Nottinghamshire,  276 

Nottoway  Bridge,  13. 

Nottoway  County,  437 

Norwood,  Henry,  453  et  seq. 

Nova  Venture,  ship,  313 

Nuthall,  197,  198. 

Nutmeg  Quarter,  191. 

Nutt.  William,  199,  456. 

Oath  of  Allegiance  and  Supremacy, 

79,  80,  229. 
Oats.  98,  186. 
Ocean  weechees,  180. 
Ohio  River.  129 
Ohio,  State  of,  127,  129 
Officers  Virginia  Historical  Society, 

July     Magazine,    ii;     January 

Magazine,  xix. 
Officers  of  Virginia  Navy,  63. 
Officers,  Public  in   Virginia,  1680, 

225,  226,  230. 
Old  Churches  and  Families  of  Vir- 
ginia, by  Meade.  174. 
Old  Company,  Discourse  of,  155, 

287. 
Old    Dominion    Chapter    of    the 

Daughters  of  the  Revolution, 

July  Magazine,  v.  481. 
Old  Point  Comfort,  84,  89. 
Olives,  271. 
O'Neill.  Grace,  93. 
Onions,  98. 
Opechancanough,  84,  193, 196,  443, 

446. 
Orangeburg,  15,  16. 
Orange    Countv,  3.    i97»  222,  356, 

458.  465. 
Orchard,  87,  396. 
Ordinaries,  4.  5,  6,  12,  13. 
Oriel  College,  Oxford.  115. 
Orinoko  Tobacco,  33,  106.  268 
Oswald,  Elizabeth,  88. 


I 


xxn 


VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


Otey,  James,  436. 
Ould,  Robert,  340. 
Ovid's  Metamorphoses,  90. 
Oxen,  75. 
Oxford,  90. 
Oxford  Tract,  474. 
Owen,  Nicholas,  456. 
Owsley  Appeal,  21. 
Owsley's  Attorneys,  21. 
Owsley,  Thomas,  254. 

Pace's  Paines,  83,  190.  451,  452. 

Pace,  Richard,  451,  452. 

Pace,  George,  452. 

Packington,  443. 

Page  Family,  218.479. 

Page,  Herbert  W.,438. 

Page,  John,  64. 

Page,  Joseph  (Intended  for  John), 

60. 
Page,  Legh  R.,  Obituary  Notice  of, 

336. 

Page,  Mathew,  239. 

Page,  Captain  Richard,  125,  126. 

Page»  Rosewell,  April  Magazine,  i. 

Paine,  Captain,  30. 

Pains'  Ordinary,  13. 

Paintings,  Historical,  July  Maga- 
zine, iv. 

Palmer,  Daniel,  195. 

Palmer,  Elizabeth,  437. 

Palmer,  William  P.,  July  Magazine, 
ii,  iii.  iv :  January  Magazine,  iv; 
April  Magazine,  i 

Pamunkey  River,  314  316, 365.477. 

Paper,  30. 

Parbury,  James.  335. 

Parke,  4.  8,  176,  178. 

Parker,  4. 

Parker,  William.  194. 

Parishes  and  Rectors.  242;  Sus- 
sex July  Magazine,  v;  Parishes 
of  Virginia,  1702,  374;  Bris- 
tol, 319;  Levies,  213;  Cople, 
270;  Lynnhaven,  311;  Eliza- 
beth City,  350;  St.  Mary  Mag- 
dalen, England,  312;  Petworth, 
86;  See  also  Names  of  Coun- 
ties. 

Parkman,  Francis,  Obituary  Notice 
of,  342. 

Parks,  Henry,  244. 

Parliament,  Act  of.  78,  80,  141,  184, 
265. 

Parliament,  Rump,  141. 

Parry,  Edward,  312. 

Parsons,  General,  13. 


Partis,  Captain  Francis,  28,  29,  31, 

34.39- 
Partis,  Captam  Charles,  34,  39. 

Pashbebay,  or  Paspaheigh,  83, 198, 
440. 

Passmore,  Thomas,  442. 

Pate  Family,  479. 

Patents,  Land.  25,  82,  187,  310,  436. 

Patterson,  Mary,  324. 

Patteson,  S.  S.  P.,  January  Maga- 
zine, xiv,  359. 

Patuxent  River,  198. 

Payne,  George,  328. 

Payne,  Mrs.  NI.  S.,  351. 

Pay  Roll.  204,  206. 

Peace.  Justices  of,  230-236. 

Peach,  187. 

Pear,  87. 

Pearl  Ashes,  99. 

Peas,  98. 

Peasley,  Henry,  216,  349. 

Peckatown,  199. 

Peirce,  William,  423,  445.  446,  447. 

Peirce,  Joan  and  Jane,  447. 

Peirpont,  William  442. 

Pell,  Clarence,  438. 

Pembroke,  Earl  of,  420. 

Pendleton,  Edmund.  Portrait  of, 
July  Magazine  vi. 

Penn,  Abraham,  334. 

Pennsylvania,  State  of,  409. 

Pennsylvania  Line,  4,  5,  16. 

Peppett,  Gilbert,  312,  440. 

Peppett,  Alice,  313. 

Pepys,  Samuel,  215. 

Percy,  George,  90,  473. 

Perrott.  201. 

Perry,  Elizabeth,  473,  475  ei  seq. 

Perry,  Isabel,  451. 

Perry,  Lucy.  437. 

Perry,  William,  425,  451- 

Persey,  Abraham.  See  Persey 
Family. 

Persey  Family,  83,  92,  187, 188, 201, 
216,  423. 

Persey's  Hundred,  188. 

Persey  Plantation,  310. 

Persicles,  180.  182. 

Petersburg  City,  322,  437.  438,  464. 

Peterson,  John,  320. 

Peters,  Hugh,  189. 

Petition,  26 

Petsworth  Parish,  86,  479. 

Petworth  House.  473. 

Peyster,  January  Magazine,  vi. 

Peyton  Family,  29,  51,  52,  123,  218, 

333. 479- 


Index. 


XXIU 


Peyton,  Sir  John,  123,  480. 
Phelps,  Edward,  442. 
Phi  Beta  Kappa,  July  Magazine,  v. 
Philadelphia,     Pennsylvania,     88, 

338,  341- 

Phillips  Family,  445,  468. 

Phillips  Farm,  8. 

Phillips,  Genera],  319. 

Philpot,  Thomas,  269. 

Piankatank,  317,  355.  356. 

Picks,  86. 

Pickett,  See  Pricketl,  193. 

Pictures,  Historical,  July  Maga- 
zine, vi. 

Piersey's  Hundred,  See  Persey's 
Hundred. 

Piles,  Henry,  95. 

Pilot,  93.  363. 

Pindeabank,  423. 

Pinett,  126. 

Pioneer  Reminiscences  of  Colonel 
Redd,  July  Magazine,  v. 

Pioneers,  English,  360. 

Pipe  Creek,  2.  84. 

Pipe  Staves.  35,  39,47.  9^1  io7>  122. 

Pipps,  313. 

Piracies.  63,  93. 

Piscataqua,  441. 

Piscatoway,  108. 

Pitch,  98. 

Pittsylvania  County,  339,  437. 

Plank,  98. 107. 

Plantation  Creek,  84. 

Plantation  Inlet,  84. 

Plantation.  Middle,  83. 

Plant  Cutting  Conspiracy,  106. 

Ploughs,  75. 

Plymouth,  New  England,  199. 

Plymouth,  England,  446. 

Poage.  George,  462. 

Poaley,  Grevill,  188 

Pocahontas.  July  Magazine,  v,  196, 

446.  478. 
Poindexter,  Charles,  75.  359. 
Point  Comfort,  84,  429,  447. 
Pollock,  Thomas.  99. 
Poole  Family,   Members   of,   196, 

312,440  445- 
Pooley.  See  Poaley. 
Poor  Laws,  102. 
Pope,  Alexander,  90. 
Pope's  Creek  220. 
Population  of  the  Colony,  159, 162. 
Poquoson,  New,  192,  418 
Pork,  148.  186. 
Porter  Family,  41,  326,  449. 
Porterfield,  Robert,  96. 


Port  Hudson,  338. 

Portland,  Maine,  336. 

Potomac  River,  2,  13,  84,  87,  107, 

196,  245,  277,  338.  354,  408,  441, 

461. 
Porteus  Family,  397,  456,  481. 
Port  Royal.  438. 
Portugese,  93. 
Portsmouth,  Virginia,  95,  197,  460 

et  seq. 
Pory,  John.  85. 
Pott  Family,  88,  198,  426,  440. 
Potts,  Richard.  474. 
Poultry.  91,  157. 
Pounds,  Sterling,  29,  31,  36,  48,  50, 

52»  53- 
Powder,  163,  165,  209,  303. 
Powell  Family,  Members  of,   95, 

192,  451. 
Power,  James.  319. 
Powhatan  County,  222,  356,  469. 
Powhatan,  King,  443. 
Powisb,  445. 

Poythress,  Frances,  318,  446. 
Poythress,  Peter,  270. 
Prerogative,  59. 
Prescott   201. 
Prescott's  Petition,  26. 
Presbyterians.  341,  346. 
Pressly,  Peter,  255. 
Pressly,  William,  322. 
Press,  Freedom  of,  104. 
Prestwouid,  420. 
Price,  Current,  186. 
Prickett,  Miles,  193,  447. 
Prince  George  County,  270. 
Princess  Anne  County,  326,  458; 

Parishes,    376 ;    Justices   and 

Sheriffs,  232,  241. 
Prince  William  County,  3,  89. 
Printing,  99,  406. 
Privy  Council,  89,  187. 
Prize  Money,  186. 
Proas,  William,  313. 
Proclamation  of  Nathaniel  Bacon, 

55. 
Provence,  Roses  of,  87. 

Pryor,  John,  96,  97. 

Publications    Received,    100,  213, 

359.  484. 
Public  Lands,  82. 

Public  Officers    in  Virginia,    225, 

226,  246.  247.  252,  328,  333,  364, 

365.  366,  367.  368,  370,  371- 
Public  Works,  59. 
Pulaski,  Tennessee,  469. 
PuUipeui  Richard,  311. 


XXIV 


VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


Purchase,  Samuel,  474. 
Purdy  and  Dixon,  99. 
Purfry,  417,  418. 
Puritan  in  Holland,  100. 
Puritanical  Laws  of  Massachusetts, 
100. 

Quakers,  14.  326,  346. 

Queen's  Creek,  91, 220. 

Quinn,  Richard,  459. 

Quirk,  Thomas,  131. 

Quitman,  General  John,  438. 

Quitrents,    January   Magazine,  vi, 

114,  125,  223.  454 
Quorum,  1680,  229,  236. 

Rabbits,  107,  268. 

Rabenninj^,  Rebecca,  192. 

Raccoon  Ford,  270,  460. 

Raine,  George,  328. 

Rainslipp,  451. 

Randall's  Life  of  Jefferson,  325. 

Randolph,  Edmund,  64,  July  Mag- 
azine, V. 

Randolph  Family,  Members  of, 
July  Magazine,  vi 

Randolph,  George  W.,  January 
Magazine,  x. 

Randolph,  Isham,  328. 

Randolph  Reports,  104 

Randolph,  Richard,  447. 

Randolph,  William,  212,  238,  239, 

442. 
Ranger  General.  124. 
Ranson  Family,  481. 
Rappahannock  County,  38, 109, 124, 

221,  223.  246,  249,  254.  356.41^- 
Rappahannock  River,  3,  109,  221, 

238,  246,  311,  317. 
Ratcliffe,  196. 
Rattlesnakes,  80. 
Ravenscroft,  318. 
Raymond,  193. 
Raynbeard,  Nicholas,  312. 
Rea,  James,  334. 
Read  Family,  Members  of,  60,  125, 

351- 
Read,  George,  353,  426. 

Receiver-General,  124,  223. 

Receiver  of  Tobacco,  48 

Recording  Secretary,  July  Maga- 
zine, ii. 

Records,  Colonial,  loi. 

Records  of  General  Court,  120, 
124,  t68,  421. 

Records  Engl  ish  State  Paper  Office, 

177. 


Records  of  Counties:  Spotsylvania, 
197;  Northumberland,  199; 
Elizabeth  City,35o;  Westmore- 
land, 200;  Northampton,  315; 
Lancaster,  421 ;  York,  422. 

Redd,  Eugene,  438. 

Red  House,  3. 

Reeder,  Samuel,  95. 

Reeve,  Richard,  312. 

Regiment,  5th  Virginia,  94;  3rd 
Virginia  Cavalry,  337;  6th  Vir- 
ginia, 339. 

Register  of  Land  Office,  82. 

Registered  Bonds,  January  Maga- 
zine, xi. 

Religion,  Liberty  of,  103,  104; 
Worship,  103;  Established 
Church,  103. 

Reminiscences  of  Col.  Redd,  July 
Magazine,  v. 

Rentals  of  Land.  124,  125. 

Reprisal.  Letters  of,  81. 

Restoration,  English,  189,  432. 

Return,  ship,  312. 

Revolution,  American,  i,  102; 
Captain  John  Davis  in,  i ; 
Wrongs  Preceding,  55 ;  Conti- 
nental Line,  129;  War,  129, 
130 ;  Fourth  Virginia  Regi- 
ment, 202 ;  Pay  of  Soldiers, 
204-206 ;  Disloyal  Virginians, 
221 ;  Daughters  of,  481,  July 
Magazine,  v. 

Reynold's  Mills,  15. 

Rhedom,  Mathew,  456. 

Riding  Coat,  28. 

Rice,  98. 

Rice,  Richard,  201. 

Rich,  Nathaniel,  300. 

Richard  The  Second,  of  England, 

17- 
Richards,  Richard,  451,  452. 

Richardson,  D.  C,  July  Magazine, 
ii ;  January  Magazine,  xi,  xiv  ; 
April  Magazine,  i. 

Richmond  City,  4,  8,  10,  82,  95,  97, 
276,  436  et  seg,  445.  460  et  seq, 
480;  Library,  January  Maga- 
zine, iv ;  Academy,  January 
Magazine,  iv ;  Map  of.  January 
Magazine  iv. 

Richmond  College,  342,  359. 

Richmond  County,  Justices  and 
Clerks.  220,  224,  231,  255,  256, 
322  ;  Parishes,  376;  Surveyors, 
242. 

Richmond  Critic,  448. 


Index. 


XXV 


Richmond  Enquirer.  256. 

Richmond  Dispatch,  352. 

Richmond,  Silvester,  403-407. 

Richmond  Standard,  448. 

Rich  Neck,  83. 

Rider,  Captain,  124. 

Ridle,  Garrard,  95. 

Ridgeley,  Charles,  88. 

Riflemen,  6. 

Right,  Starke,  460. 

Right,  William.  89. 

Rivers,  Flournoy,  469. 

Rivetts,  Jonas,  126. 

Roach,  Absalom,  459. 

Roach,  David,  459. 

Roach,  Jonathan,  459. 

Roach,  Reuben,  460. 

Roane  County,  14. 

Roane  Family,  41,  438,  481. 

Roane,  Charles,  41. 

Roanoke,  13. 

Robins  Family,   Members  of,  95, 

218,312.  444. 
Robinson,  51,  109,  239,  255,  323  et 

seg,  439.  47 1- 

Robinson,  Conway,  January  Mag- 
azine, ix,  124, 168,  423. 

Robinson,  Mrs.  J.  E  ,  January  Mag- 
azine, vi. 

Robinson,  Moncure,  352. 

Robertson,  Moses,  449. 

Rockingham  County,  460  et  seg, 

Rockbridge  County,  96. 

Rochester,  448. 

Rocky  River,  14. 

Rocky  Mount,  342. 

Rogers,  43.312,  456. 

Rolfe  Family,  444-447. 

Rolling  House,  400. 

Rooker,  Miss  H.  R.,  331,  333. 

Rootes  Family,  481. 

Roscoe  Family,  84. 

Roses,  87. 

Rose  Diary,  July  Magazine,  v. 

Rose,  Charles.  437. 

Rose,  Rev.  Robert,  437. 

Rose*  Thomas,  95. 

Rosegill,  115,  214,  221,  353,422. 

Rosemary  Library,  87. 

Rosewell.  214,  351.  353. 

Rowen,  Henry.  445. 

Rowland,  Michael,  334. 

Roy  Family,  197,  426,  481. 

Royal  Historical  Commission  of 
England,  July  Magazine,  vii. 

Rugs,  257. 

Rum,  98. 


Russia,  88. 

Rush  worth's     Historical     Collec- 
tions, 54. 
Russell,  DeLionel,  188. 
Russell,  Willoughby,  95. 
Rutherford,  456. 
Ryan,  William,  335. 
Ryland,  178. 

Sabines  American  Loyalists,  222. 

Safety,  ship,  311. 

Saffin,  John,  201. 

Sagleson,  7. 

Sailors  and  Marines  in  Virginia 
Navy  in  American  Revolu- 
tion, 63. 

Sainsbury  Abstracts,  83,  115,  178, 
188,  193.  200  441,  448,  451. 

Salem,  Massachusetts,  321,  431. 

Salford  Family,  190,  193. 

Salford  Creek,  188,  193. 

Salisbury,  N.  C  14. 

Salisbury,  E.,  200. 

Sandown,  454. 

Sand  Hills,  South  Carolina.  15. 

Sandys,  George,  89,  90,  91. 

Sandis  or  Sandys,  Sir  Edwin,  159, 
289  ei  seg. 

Sandford,  Samuel,  216. 

Sandford  Family,  473. 

Sandy  Point,  223,  441,  462. 

Saunders,  Peter,  335. 

Sarsaparilla,  186. 

Sassafras,  159. 

Savage  Family,  443  ei  seg. 

Savage's  Farm,  8, 9. 

Sawver,  Thomas,  327. 

Saw  Mill  River  Bridge,  463. 

Saw  Mills,  16. 

Saxe  Memingen,  Prince  of,  223. 

Scarborough,  239,  242,  246,  363, 
426. 

Scarlet,  30,  123. 

Schools,  Free,  326,  348. 

School,  Eaton,  216. 

Schuman,  Elizabeth,  223. 

Scotland.  255. 

Scott,  Brigadier-General  Charles, 
204-207. 

Scott,  Edward,  328. 

Scott,  John  B.,  95. 

Scranton  Family,  94. 

Scrimmingion,  244. 

Seaburne,  42,  43. 

Sea  Flower,  443,  444. 

Seaton,  George,  479. 

Seawell  Family,  480. 


! 


XXVI 


VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


Secession,  Ordinance  of,  340. 

Secretary,  Recording,  July  Maga- 
zine, ii. 

Secretary,  Corresponding,  July 
Magazine,  ii. 

Seeds,  98. 

Sellick,  William,  243. 

Senneth,  John,  87. 

Sergeants  of  the  King,  17. 

Servants,  21;  Domestic.  30;  Trans- 
portation of,  82;  Of  George 
Sandys,  89,  91 ;  John  Utie,  90 ; 
John  Cheeseman,  311 ;  William 
Epes,  312;  William  Brocas, 
422. 

Seven  Pines,  Battle  of,  339. 

Sewanee,  344. 

Sevtrell,  Henry,  124,  327. 

Seventeenth  Century,  July  Maga- 
zine, V. 

Severne.  John,  199. 

Shakspeare,  159. 

Shapleigh,  Philip,  456. 

Sharp,  John,  465. 

Sheep,  395. 

Sheffield,  Virginia,  226. 

Shelton,335. 

Shenandoah  Valley,  221,  354 

Shenton  Parish,  England,  442. 

Shepherd,  Thomas,  220. 

Sheppard,  Captain,  34. 

Sheppard,  John,  243 

Sheppard,  Robert,  192. 

Sherborne,  Jane,  202. 

Sherman,  Michael,  363. 

Sherrifs,  39,  46.  200,  212,  229,  236, 
275 ;  Commissions,  236. 

Shingles,  98. 

Ships,  33,  99,  157, 159,  163,  164, 167, 
170,  171 ;  Sales  of,  99. 

Shirley,  190. 

Shirwood,  William,  Account  of 
Bacon's  Rebellion,  24,  25,  60, 
167-174,  258,456. 

Shoes,  165. 

Shooter's  Hill,  480. 

Shore,  Hugh,  447. 

Shovely,  271. 

Sibsey,  John,  311,  327. 

Silk,  159.  305. 

Simcoe,  Colonel,  5,  222. 

Sime,  Marmaduke,  445. 

Simm's  Mills,  4. 

Sims,  See  Synttns. 

Sinclair  Family,  481. 

Skelton,  James,  328. 

Skins,  98. 


Skinquarter,  222,  356. 

Skipwith  220,421,432. 

Slaughter,  John,  194,  320. 

Slaughter,  Philip.  321,  351. 

Slaves,  See  Negroes. 

Slave  Ship,  440. 

Sleepy  Holes  460. 

Smith,  Abigail,  254. 

Smith's  Fort,  446. 

Smith's   History  of   Virginia,  84, 

446.  473. 
Smith's  History  of  Virginia,  Arber's 

Edition,  83,  162. 
Smith,  Elizabeth,  421. 
Smith,  John,  1680,  239. 
Smith,  John.  ^51. 
Smith,  Captain  John,  84,  162,  183, 

359.  446,  474  et  seq. 
Smith,  John  H.,<65. 
Smith,  John  Redd,^^. 
Smith,  Larkin.  95,  97,  323. 
Smith,  Mary  G.,  343. 
Smith,  Minor,  94,  95. 
Smith's  Mount,  441. 
Smith,  Philip,  445. 
Smith,  Ralph,  397,  407. 
Smith,  Robert,  421,  432 
Smith,  Roger,  86,  121. 
Smith,  Samuel,  456. 
Smith,  Thomas,"  ^,  j>8,  >a^. 
Smith  or  Smythe,  Sir  Thomas,  157, 

162,  289,  407. 
Smith.  William,  461. 
Smithson.  Judith,  188. 
Smithy  Ellen,  322 
Snake  Root,  98. 
Snow,  John,  359. 
Soane,  241,  442. 
Soldiers,  2. 

Somer  Isles,  See  Summer  Isies. 
Somers,  Sir  George,  92. 
Somerset  House,  218,  472. 
Somersetshire,  124, 174, 175,  354. 
Somerville,  Alexander,  92. 
Sorrell,  John,  95. 
Southampton,  159,  289  et  seq,  313; 

River,  310;  Ship,  311. 
South  Carolina,  i,  15, 16,  323,  436; 

Records,  466. 
Southern  Literary  Messenger,  221, 

447- 
Southern  States,  lo- 
Southvtrark,  189,  242. 
Spain,  80. 

Spaniards.  216,  348. 
Spades,  86. 
Specific  Taxes,  334,  335. 


Index. 


xxvu 


Speke,  Thomas,  456. 

Spence,  Alexander,  242. 

Spence,  Sarah,  194. 

Spencer,  James,  335. 

Spencer,  Nicholas    26,  27,  46,  48, 

60,  89,  172,  245,  263,  274. 
Spencer,  Robert,  457. 
Spencer,  William,  89. 
Spicer,  Arthur,  168,  259. 
Spilman  Family,  195,  196. 
Spots  wood.   Records  and  Letters 

of  Lieutenant-Governor,  July 

Magazine,  v,  213,  216,  217. 
Spotsylvania  County,  222,  470,  481. 
Sprigg,  Catharine   256. 
Stafford  County,  25,  123,  126,  202, 

231,  243,  246,  251.- 274, 319,  377. 
Stafford  Parish,  243. 
Stafford,  Lord,  442. 
Stallinge,  Captain,  312. 
Stanard,  W.  G..  82,  187,  310,  439. 
Stanard  Family,  432.  * 
Standard,  Richmond,  320,  323,  350. 
Stanefer,  Luke,  335. 
Stanley  Hundred,  445. 
Starke,  See  Storke. 
Starke,  M.  C,  444. 
Staunton,  Virginia,  i,  2. 

Stegge,  90,  421.  44  N  455- 
Stephens,  Adam,  279. 
Stephens  Family,  82,  83. 
Stepney,  England,  276. 
Stevens,  Richard,  137,  188,  196. 
Stevenson,  Allan,  99. 
Stewart,  James,  464. 
Stewart,  Mrs.  John,  fuly  Magazine, 

iv;  January  Magazine,  iv,  xiv. 
Stith,  320. 
Stith,  John,  96. 
Stobo,  Captain  Robert,  452. 
Stokes,  Rector,  189. 
Stockbridge.  314. 
Stockings,  165. 
Stone,  91,  195.  3i5»  437- 
Stoner,  Daniel,  328. 
Stony  Point,  i,  463. 
Stores,  Army,  2. 
Starke,  52. 
Stratford,  Home  of  the  Lees,  214. 

220. 
Stratford,  England,  177. 
Stratford,  Earl  of,  54. 
Stratton  Major  Parrish,  243. 
Streeter,  Rev.  S.  F.,  315. 
Stringer,  63,  444 
Stuart,  Christina,  255. 
Stuart,  Edward,  462. 


Stukeley,  Sir  Lewis,  446. 

Stuyvesant,  Peter.  142 

St.  Albans,  100.  no. 

St.  Ann's  Parish,  92. 

St.  Clair,  General,  203. 

St.  Dunstan's  Church,  202,  203. 

St.  Louis,  Missouri,  436. 

St.    Margaret's    Parish,    England, 

202. 
St.  Mary's  Parish,  465. 
St.  Martin's,  277. 
St.  Peter's  Paiish,  243. 
St.  Simons,  General,  9,  10,  11. 
St.  Stephen's  Parish,  202,  243,  449. 
Suffolk,  Virginia,  99,  462. 
Suffrage,  102. 
Sugar,  39,  99. 

Sugget  Family,  Members  of,  473. 
Sully,  Thomas,  89 
Summer  Isles,  89,  91.  157,  163.  293 

et  seq. 
Surry  County,  9,  10,  90,  168,  235, 

242,  320,397.441,446,457- 
Surveyor-General,  83. 
Surveyors,  122,  177,  240,  241,  314, 

364  et  seQy  466 
Susan, ship,  187. 
Sussex   County    Parish    Register, 

320,  324,  436,  July   Magazine, 

V. 

Sutherlin,  W.  T.,  Obituary  Notice 

of,  339. 
Sulherne  Family,  442. 
Swallowe,  ship,  192. 
Swan,  ship,  312. 
Swann,  Thomas,  241,  457. 
Swann,  Samuel,  177. 
Sweet  Hall,  318  et  seq,  439. 
Sweet  Scented  Tobacco,  268. 
Swine,  157. 
Sydenburn,  243. 
Symms,  Benjamin,  216,  349. 

Tabasco,  338. 

Tabb  Family,  218,450. 

Taliaferro  Family,  218,  436,  481. 

Tallow,  98. 

Taney  town,  2. 

Tangier.  454  et  seq. 

Tanks,  Madoquine,  316 

Tannery,  91. 

Tapestry,  121. 

Tapley,  William,  192. 

Tappahannock,  440. 

Tar.  08. 

Tarpfey,  255. 

Tarieton,  Colonel,  5,  ii,  322,  464. 


XXVlll 


VIRGINIA   HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 


Tarry,   G.   P.,  January  Magazine, 

vi. 
Taxes,  59,  334 
Tayloe,  John,  64. 
Tayloe,  William,  472. 
Taylor,  14 

Taylor,  Archibald,  351. 
Taylor,  Daniel.  457. 
Taylor,  Fanny,  323. 
Taylor,  Fielding  Lewis,  351. 
Taylor,  Francis,  458. 
Taylor,  Henry,  325. 
Taylor,  General  James,  465. 
Taylor,  John,  192. 
Taylor,  John,  of  Caroline,  325. 
Taylor,  P.  Fall,  202.  203. 
Taylor,  Thomas.  243,  323. 
Taylor,  William,  256. 
Teagle,  Thomas,  244. 
Teddington,  223. 
Telsoe,  243. 

Temperance,  ship,  313,  345. 
Temple  Farm,  426. 
Tennessee,  State  of,  436,  438,  469. 
Terrell,  Captain,  95. 
Terrell,  Courtney,  324. 
Thacker,  Chicheley  Corbin,  237 
Thacker,  Edwin.  242. 
Thacker.  Henry  471. 
Thanet  Island   England,  441. 
Thomas  Family.  Members  of,  445. 
Thomas,  John  G.,  437. 
Thomas,  William,  95.  456. 
Thompson  Family,  Members  of,  21, 

188-193,  317.  32r,  343.  439.  448 

Thompson,  Philip  M.,  Obituary 
Notice.  343. 

Thorne,  George,  39. 

Thorning,  Sir  William.  17. 

Thornton  Family,  Members  of,  83, 
218,  466.  480. 

Thoroughgood,  Adam.  86. 

Throckmorton  Family,  218,  479, 
481. 

Thruston  Family,  481. 

Thurlow  State  Papers,  86. 

Thyme,  87. 

Tiger,  ship,  313. 

Tilghman  Colonel,  88. 

Tilghman,  Samuel,  274. 

Tinsley,  William,  459. 

Tinlley,  Adam,  15. 

Tithables,  364  et  seq. 

Titles,  19  82. 

Titles  by  Patent,  25. 

Tobacco,  21,  30-36,  143,  155;  In- 
voices, 32,  105.   116,   117,  121, 


160 ;  Effect  of  Navigation  Act 
on  Production  of,  in  Virginia 
and  Maryland.  141-155;  Royal 
Revenue  from,  156;  Sales  of, 
33.  47.  48.  97,  98,  99  ;  Orinoko, 
33.  143.  145^  149.  150;  Sweet 
scented,  268;  Tobacco  in  Time 
of  London  Company,  156-167, 
293;  High  Price  of,  273,  287, 
309;  Exports  of,  97;  Notes, 
117;  Planting  in  England  and 
Ireland,  307;  Royal  Contract 
for,  428  et  seq;  Cheapness  of, 
107,  108;  Spanish,  294. 

Todd  Family,  218,  334. 

Tongs,  271. 

Towles,    W.  B.,  Obituary   Notice 

of.  334- 

Towns,  30. 

Trabue,  John,  95. 

Trade,  30,  56,  57. 

Trade  and  Plantations.  Board  of, 
155,  244. 

Transport,  ship,  194. 

Traquair.  Earl  of,  255,  467. 

Travis,  Champion,  64. 

Traylor,  Robert  Lee,  January  Mag- 
azine, xiv  ;  April  Magazine,  i, 
ii. 

Treason,  56. 

Treasurer  of  Virginia  Historical 
Society,  July  Magazine,  ii;  of 
Virginia  Colony,  89,  90;  Wil- 
liam Claiborne,  314. 

Trespassers,  19,  39. 

Trees,  15,  87. 

Tree,  Richard  and  Goodman,  187. 

Trinity  College  Library,  Dublin,75. 

Trussell,  John,  457. 

Tuckahoe,  44. 

Tucker, Wife  of  William  Fitzhugh, 
17;  Reference  to  Mr.  Tucker 
in  Filzhugh  Letters,  48. 

Tucker,  Elizabeth,  19.^. 

Tucker  Family,  269 

Tucker,  George,  325 

Tucker's  Hole,  442. 

Tucker,  Mary,  192. 

Tucker,  Captain  William,  190-193, 

3".  447. 
Tunstall.  William,  334. 

Turkey  Island,  220. 

Turner,  Martha,  91. 

Turpentine,  98. 

Turpin,  Philip,  212. 

Tuspan,  338. 

Twelve  Mile  Creek,  15. 


Index. 


XXIX 


Tygart's  Valley.  461. 

Tyler,  Prof.  Lyon  G.,  350,  426,  457; 
July  Magazine,  ii,  iii.  iv;  Janu- 
ary Magazine,  vii,  xiv  ;  April 
Magazine,  i. 

United  States  of  America.  88,  129, 
419,  460  et  seq ;  Navy,  88. 

University  of  Virginia,  339;  July 
Magazine,  iii,  viii. 

University  of  the  South,  334. 

Urbanna,  470. 

Uruguay,  48. 

Utie,  John,  90,  359,  423  et  seq. 

Vallens,  36. 

Valentine,  E.  V.,  July  Magazine, 
ii,  iii,  iv;  January  Magazine, 
xiv;  April  Magazine,  i. 

Valley  Forge,  i,  203,  463. 

Vance's  Fort,  462. 

Vance,  Samuel,  462 

Vandevvall,  Marks,  96,  97. 

VanVoast,  Mrs.  James,  359. 

Varina  Parish,  242.  447;  County 
Seat  of  Henrico,  208. 

Vawler,  David.  459. 

Vermilye,  John,  or. 

Vernon,  Admiral,  216,  348. 

Vestry,  92,  326. 

Vice  Admiral,  86. 

Vice-Presidents  of  Virginia  His- 
torical Society,  July  Magazine, 
ii;  January  Magazine,  xix. 

Vigneroons,  159,  ^10  ei  seq. 

Vincennes,  Indiana,  128,  129. 

Vines,  159. 

Viominel,  Gent.,  12. 

Virginia,  Public  Officers  in,  1680, 
1699,  225,  1702,  1704,  361  ; 
Navigable  Rivers,  etc.,  362; 
History  of,  July  Magazine,  v, 
vii;  Constitution  and  Bill  of 
Rights,  103,  104 ;  County  Court 
Records  of.July  Magazine,  vii; 
Colonial  Records  of,  loi ; 
Courts,  2[ ;  Commons,  59,  61 ; 
State  Library,  75,  83,  219,  345, 
352,  353.  357;  State  Librarian, 
75;  Capes,  81 ;  Calendar  of 
State  Papers,  83;  Treasurer, 
89,  90,  314;  Maps  of,  January 
Magazine,  vi;  Attorneys,  1680, 
252  ;  Laws  made  in,  260;  Con- 
vention of  1788,  276 ;  Legisla- 
ture, 131;  In  time  of  London 
Company,  156-167;  Currency, 


186;    Cavaliers,    215;    French 

Influence    in,    216;    Families, 

218;  Tories,  222. 
Virginia  Company  of  London,  See 

London,  Virginia  Company  of. 
Virginia  Carolorum  and  Virginia 

Vetusta,  NeiU's,  86. 
Virginia  Colony  from  1606  to  1624, 

155-167- 
Virginia  Gazette,  64,  99,  190,  320, 

437.  450- 
Virginia,  Governor  of,  85. 

Virginia  Historical  Register,  319. 

Virginia  Historical  Society,  193, 
342,  July  Magazine,  iii,  iv,  vi; 
Members,  Officers  and  Consti- 
tution. January  Magazine,  x, 
XX,  xvi ;  Paintings  and  Engra- 
vings, July  Magazine,  iv,  vi.  vii; 
Catalogue,  Publications  and 
Books,  July  Magazine,  V  ;  Man- 
uscripts, July  Magazine, V, vii; 
Relics,  July  Magazine,  vi,  vii ; 
Life  Membership,  July  Maga- 
zine, viii;  History  of  Library, 
January  Magazine,  iv,  vii ;  Ad- 
dress of  Library  Committee, 
April  Magazine,  ii. 

Virginia  Land  Patents,  See  Patents 
and  Land  Patents. 

Virginia  Magazine  of  History  and 
Biography,  July  Magazine,  vi; 
January  Magazine,  199,  201, 
203.  278. 

Virginia,  Mutiny  in  1635,416  etseq. 

Virginia  Navy  in  American  Revo- 
lution, 64  ;  Officers,  65,  66,  67, 
68;  Pilots,  68;  Coxwains,  69; 
Masters,  etc.,  70;  Non-Com- 
missioned  Officers  and  List  of 
Seamen,  71. 

Virginia  Tobacco,  See  Tobacco. 

Virginia  Troops  in  French  and 
Indian  Wars,  278-287,  378 
et  seq. 

Virginia,  University  of.  See  Uni- 
versity of  Virginia. 

Virginia  Walk  in  London,  277. 

Wabash,   127. 
Wacacommico  Parish,  244. 
Wachusett,  338. 
Waddell,  Joseph  A ,  2,  16. 
Wakefield,  178,  216,  347. 
Waldrom,  Henry,  421. 
Wales,  220. 
Walke,  Anthony,  326. 


XXX 


VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL    MAGAZINE. 


Walker,  John,  276,  337,  471. 

Walker,  Dorothy,  276. 

Walker,  George,  99 

Walker,  Thomas,  330. 

Walker,  Mary,  333. 

Wallace's  Historical  Monthly,  215, 
224. 

Wallace,  William  B  .  96. 

Wallaton,  448. 

Waller,  Benjamin,  i86. 

Waller,  John,  318. 

Waller,  Pag:e,  336. 

Waller,  Robert,  256. 

Walker  Family,  337,  470. 

Wallingford,  Wilmington,  242. 

Walloons,  160. 

Walnut  Plank,  52,  107. 

Walton,  Robert,  201. 

Wanghope,  Elizabeth,  473. 

Warham,  481. 

Ward  Family,  220. 

Warden.  Thomas,  312. 

Warm  Springs,  Virginia.  460. 

Warner  Family,  218,  219,  426,  479. 

Warner  Hall,  217,  218. 

Warner,  Augustine,  353. 

Warrant,  Special,  54. 

Warren,  126. 

Warren,  Thomas,  446. 

Warren,  William,  426 

Warwick  County,  83,  92,  161,  190, 
232.  241,  243.  247,  377. 

Warwick,  Earl  of,  161. 

Warwick,  Jacob,  461. 

Warwick  Kiver,  312,  445. 

Warwick,  ship,  195,  311 

Warwickshire,  443. 

Warwick,  William.  321. 

Washington  Academy,  96,  97. 

Washington,  City  of,  162;  Con- 
gressional Library,  January 
Magazine,  vii ;  War  and  State 
Departments,  278. 

Washington,  Edward,  47. 

Washington,  Mrs.  Ella  B.,  453 

Washington,   George,   10,  25,  215, 

244.  279.  333  355  426.  465.480; 
At  Williamsburg,  10;  Connec- 
tion with  Fauntleroy  Family, 
215;  Lowland  Beauty,  223; 
Crossing  Delaware.  94;  In 
French  and  Indian  Wars,  278, 
378;  His  Opinion  of  Commo- 
dore Brooke.  333  ;  Portrait  of, 
July  Magazine,  vi. 

Washington,  John,  199,  274,  474. 

Washington,  Martha,  219,  221,  465. 


Washington,  Lawrence.  25,274, 354, 

426. 
Waterloo.  220. 
Watermelons,  8. 
Wateree  River,  15. 
Waters  Creek,  197. 
Waters  Family,  92,  93. 
Watkins,  David.  310. 
Watson,  Anne  L.,  438. 
Watson,  W.  E.  322. 
Watson.  Wakelin,  418. 
Watts,  John.  96. 
Watts,  Stephen.  32. 
Waugh,  John,  321. 
Waxaw's  Creek.  15. 
Wayne,  General  Anthony,  i  et  seq, 

203,  460  ei  seq. 
Wayt,  John,  459. 
Weavers,  91. 
Webb,  George,  64. 
Webb,  Winnie,  468. 
Webster,  Joseph.  324. 
Weeks,  S.  B.,  470. 
Wellington,  Duke  of,  343. 
Weldon,  Mary  E.,437. 
West  Family,  188.423  et  seq. 
West,  Francis,  443  etseq^  447  etseq. 
West,  John,  60,  318,  319, 423  et  seq. 
West,  John  Montgomery,  Obituary 

Notice  of,  340. 
Westham,  8,  464. 
West  Indies,  i6i,-2i6,  297.  302,-3i6, 

338. 

Westminster,  75.  79,  202,  215,  239. 

Westmoreland  Club  House,  July 
Magazine,  iv;  January  Maga- 
zine, iii. 

Westmoreland  County,  17,  39,  47, 
126,  196.  199,  200,  230,  242.  244, 
250,  269,  270,  271,  313,  377. 

West  Point,  Virginia,  314. 

Westover,  9,  90,  190,  142,  214,  441. 

451- 
West  Virginia*  197. 

Weyanoke,  85.  188,  242,  451. 

Weyre,  John,  242, 

Wheat,  91,  98,  109. 

Wheeler,  General,  344. 

Wheeler,  Hester,  195. 

Whig  Party,  341. 

Whipping  Post,  329. 

Whitaker,  Richard,  60,  64. 

White,  Alexander,  460. 

White.  Ambrose,  459. 

White  Chapel,  168. 

White,  John,  96,  97. 

White  Hall,  455,  474. 


Index. 


XXXI 


Whitehead,  George,  445. 

Whitehead,  Philip,  319. 

Whitehead,  Richard,  241. 

White  House  on  the  Pamunkey,2i9 

White  River,  127. 

Whiting,  218,  331,  480. 

Whitlock,  R.  H.,  Obituary  Notice 

of,  337. 

Wicklow,  Ireland,  453. 

Wilcox,  Alexander,  88. 

Wilcox,  Thomas,  438. 

William  the  Third,  of  England, 
129,  192    228,  239. 

William  and  Mary  College,  July 
Magazine,  iii,  v,  ix,  115,  214, 
216,  219,  255.  323,  343,  349, 350, 
.  ^53.  426  ei  seq,  457. 

William  and  Mary  College  Quar- 
terly, 175. 

Williams,  James,  96. 

Williams,  T.  C,  Jr.,  July  Maga- 
zine, ii  iii. 

Williams.  William,  243. 

Williamsburg,  5,  9,  10,   13,  89.  90. 

J30. 343. 361 ,  362, 44o»  460  elseq. 

Williamson,  Ann,  445. 

Williamson.  Secretary,  167, 168, 178. 

Wills'  Creek,  278. 

Willis,  21 8.  278. 

W^illoughby  Family,  200,  448,  449. 

Wilmington  Parish,  447. 

Wilson,  Captain,  4. 

Wilson,  JameS,  436. 

Wilson,  John,  462. 

Wilson,  William,  244,  363. 

Wilson,  Willis,  96. 

Winchester,  Kentucky,  276;  Vir- 
ginia, 462  et  seq. 

Windebank,  Secretary,  428,  480. 

Winder,  Thomas,  228. 

Winder  Papers,  430. 

Windsor,  320. 

Windsor  Forest,  445. 

Wine,  10,  12,  98,  121,  159.  305. 

Winston.  Miss  N.  B,  481. 

Wisconsin,  State  of  129. 

Withers,  John,  47.  50    52,  320,  321. 

Wolstenholme,  Sir  John,  429,  430. 

Wood,  Admiral,  10. 

Wood,  Henry,  91. 

Wood,  William,  470. 

Woodbridgre,  Elizabeth,  473. 

Wood  Bridge.  Skirmish  of,  94. 

Woodford,  Colonel.  458. 

Woodstock,  123,  274. 

Wool,  142. 

Worcestershire,  123,  124. 


Workington  Hall,  313. 

Wormley  Family,  60.  109,  115,  116, 

214,  221,  226,  236,  237,  240,  354, 

422. 
Wormley,  Ralph,  26,  32,  34,  38,  44, 

47.  55»  91,   115.   124,  126,  226, 

317,  453- 
Worsham,  John,  212. 

Worsley,  175. 

Wray,  John,  313. 

Wright,  Thomas,  462. 

Wright,  Robert,  441. 

Wright,  James,  96. 

Wrote,  292,  300. 

Wyatt,    Case    of   Commonwealth 

against,  104. 

Wyatt,  Edward.  423. 

Wyatt  Family,  Reference  to,  220, 

473»  474- 
Wyatt,  Sir  Francis,   157,  190,  193, 

310,  311.  312. 
Wyatt,  Rev.  Hawte.  42^. 
Wye  Hall,  88. 

Yadkin  River,  14. 

Yards  of  Ships,  08. 

Yeardley,  Argall,  85,  198. 

Yeardley,  Francis.  86,  158. 

Yeardley.  Sir  George,  84,  86.  188, 
199.312.313,440. 

Yeardley,  Ralph,  86. 

Yeardley.Robert  and  Elizabeth,  86. 

Yeardley,  Lady  Temperance,  102, 
103. 

Yates,  Rev.  Bartholomew,  470. 

Yates,  Richard,  326,  327. 

Yates,  Robert,  480. 

Yates,  Sarah,  471. 

York,  Pa.,  i,  2. 

York  County.  87,  91,  191,  192,  198, 
233.  241.  254,  312,  314,  317.  318, 
323.  377,  421,  424.  426,  457,  467. 

York-Hampton  Parish,  346. 

York  Records.  196  346,  478. 

York  River,  5, 91,  185,  245,  316, 317, 
406,  453, 

York,  ship.  109. 

Yorkshire,  83,  269,  313,  353. 

Yorktown,9, 11,37,  84.87,  118,255; 
Captain  Davis  at.  i ;  Free 
School  at,  349;  Original  owner- 
ship. 426;  Battle  of,  460. 

Youle,  Thomas,  107. 

Young,  Thomas,  459. 

Zouch,  Sir  Jfohn.  416. 
Zyperius,  ^lichael,  243. 


XXXll  VIRGINIA    HISTORICAL   MAGAZINE. 

Note. — This  index  does  not  include  the  names  under  the  titles,  **  Vir- 
ginia Navy  in  the  American  Revolution,"  p.  64;  "  Illinois  Regiment  and 
the  Northwestern  Territory,*'  p.  127;  "  Public  Officers  in  Virginia,  1680, 
1702, 17 14,"  pp.  225,  362 ;  *•  Virginia  Troops  in  French  and  Indian  wars," 
pp.  278,378;  ''Fourth  Virginia  Regiment  in  the  Revolution,'*  p.  20^. 
"  Fitzhugh  Family  in  England,"  p.  411. 


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