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REYNOLDS HISTORICAL!
ENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLEN.CpUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY
, 3 1833 01740 4697
GENEALOGY
975.5
V82385
1916
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2010 with funding from
Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center
http://www.archive.org/details/virginiamagazine1916bruc
THE
VIRGINIA MAGAZINE
OF
HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY
Published Quarterly by
THE VIRGINIA HISTORICAL SOCIETY,
FOR THE
YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1916.
VOU. XXIV.
Richmond, Va.
HOUSE OF THE SOCIETY,
No. 707 East Franklin St.
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PUBLICATION COMMITTEE.
ARCHER ANDERSON,
C. V. MEREDITH,
E. V. VALENTINE. .
Editor of the Magazine.
WILLIAM G. STANARD.
MITCHELL & HOTCHKISS, PRINTERS, -V
RICHMOND, VA. "'■
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Baylor, John, Will (1772) 357
Book Reviews 104, 223 334 446
Byrd, William (1st), Letters of 225, 350
Council and General Court Minutes, 1622-1629 56, 142, 23S, 337
Council Papers 1698-1702 70, 151, 204,' 395
Genealogy: Blackwell 99 204 312
Fleming 94, 2O6, 327, 440
Gorsuch and Lovelace 81, 214, 317, 425
Harrison (Northern Va.) 97, 2II
Payne 221 315
Taylor (Southampton) 102, 213, 314
Todd _'_425
Yeardley 444
Illustrations: Ivlap of Virginia, 1702. By F. L. Michel. Frontispiece.
Walkern Church, Hertfordshire 80a
Gorsuch Arms .- gl
Tomb of Daniel and Alice Gorsuch 86a
Portraifof Mrs. Mary (Boiling) Fleming 94a
Wm. & Mary College 1702. By F. L. Michel 126a
Indians of Virginia, 1702. By F. L. Michel 130a
Fac-Simile of Signatures to Treaty of Fort Pitt
1778 168a
Church & houses in Williamsburg, 1702. By F. L.
Michel 274a
Dr. Graffenried's Map of Potomac River 302a
Portrait of Judge William Fleming 326a
Toddsbury , Gloucester Co 424a
King William County Records, Notes from 388
Michel, F. L., Journey to Virginia 1701-1702, (Translated by Dr. W J
Hinke.) 1_ 113^ 275
Notes and Querries 193, 305, 417
Pittsylvania County Tithables, 1767. Contributed by Mrs. N. E
Clement 180, 271
Virginia Frontier in History. By David I. Bushnell, Jr 44, 168
Virginia Gazette, 1752 and 1755, Extracts from .404
Virginia Gleanings in England. By Lathrop Withington and
LeoCullcnton 66, 158, 261, 379
Virginia in 1678 _ _ 77
Virginia in 1678-79 _163, 250, 361
Virginia Historical Society, List of Officers and Members, January
Magazine.
Virginia Historical Society, Proceedings of Annual Meeting, April
Magazine.
William & Mary Collegers. Frewen, Chancery Suit, 1702... ..374
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EDITOR X)F THE MAG AZINE,
K WILLIAM G. STANARD.
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CONTENTS.
' '-■'■'■^.'T^
'ir|'. The Journey of Francis Louis MicHelj.-^^^rV^r
- ^2/? Tlie^A^LTgima Frontier in History ' / - "
-cr
: 3. Minutes of the:Council and General Coiirt • >-
•^^iVirginia^'Gleamngs in England
];5S^ Council^^pS^, 1698-1701i^;^fc;; ;- .^-^ . -;
;-_^'6i?^Virginiainvi678^5^g^^5i5;^^^^^^^ ; *
.:-^7r? -Geneaiogy^^%* -^i^'l^i^-^U'-^^
and Lovelace, Fleming, Harrison (N
i.j. . Blackwell and Taylor (Southampton).
66 il
70-#
^77^
Gorsuch and Lovelace, Fleming, Harrisdri (Northern Virginiay,t^g»\
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S.:I Book Reviews v:-
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MICHEL'S MAP
(Reduced)
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THE "'■:.:■
Virginia Magazine
■ ' ' ""' OP ' ' ''\[
HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY.
Vol. XXIV. January, 1916. No. 1
Report of the Journey of Francis Louis Michel from
Berne, Switzerland, to Virginia, October 2,
1701-December 1, 1702.(1)
Translated and edited by Prof. Wm. J. Hinke, Ph. D,
[The attention of the translator (Prof. Hinke) was first drawn
to the reports and letters of Michel by Mr. Albert Cook Myers,
the well known Quaker historian of Pennsylvania. In his
researches, connected with the editing of the "Complete Works
of Wm. Penn," Mr. Myers had come across these valuable
documents, which had been printed in part in 1898 in a histori-
cal yearbook, published in Berne, Switzerland. It is entitled,
"Neues Bemer Taschenbuch auf das Jahr 1898," i. e., "New
Berne Pocket Book for the Year 1898." In this Year Book (pp.
59-144) Mr. J. H. Graf published a series of reports and letters of
Michel, from a Ms. in the city library of Berne, under the title:
"Francis Louis Michel of Berne and his first Travels to America,
1701-1704." As there were a number of omissions in this pub-
lication, a complete copy of the Ms. was secured through the
(l)-Tliis report of Michel is accompanied by a map, which he himself
drew of the entrance of the Chesapeake Bay. The reproduction in the
M.'VGAZiNE is a reduced copy of Micliel's map.
T. 1^
2i ; '.■■-:•■■ VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
>:• ". ''.\> kindness and courtesy of the Chief Librarian of the Berne
; . .1 library, Prof. Dr. Wolfgang F. von Miihnen. The whole Ms.
is now published for the first time in an English translation. (la)
. ' Francis Louis Michel, who is well known through his con-
nection with Baron Graffenried and the establishment of the
\,;,. . first Germ.an colony at New Berne, North Carolina, in the year
:; ' 1710, belonged to a prominent Berne family, Michel von
• . .,/, . Schwertschwendi. His father, David Michel, bom 1634, was
Lord of Ralligen, becam.e member of the Great Council of
■•;. ■ Berne in 1673 and prefect of Gottstatt in 1684. He died Feb-
•'■ ' r ruary 7, 1696. He had three children. His younger son, John
iJ: ,1 ! Louis, born April 6, 1684, became Lord of Aarau and revenue
ccmimiissioner in Yverdon. His older son, whose date of birth
scem.s to be unknown, led an adventurous life as traveler and
explorer in Am.erica. His daughter, Johanna Esther, was
married to Abraham Wild, prefect of Buchsee. In his early
life Francis Louis Michel had a military training. He probably
served as an officer in the French army. His whole later con-
..... V, duct, as well as his interest in military affairs, point in that
1 ... direction. After he had returned hom.e, Michel made two
1 lu- bui v)i journeys to Am.erica, between the years 1702-1704. His letters
f'...;-,",: I' and reports show that he aim.cd at setthng a Swiss colony in
? ill- ,..■ • ", Am:erica. In this he was not directly successful, but his letters
CaU'-.: :'v led to the organization of a joint-stock company, known as
firu' .1 V .; George Ritter and Co., under whose auspices Christopher von
'•• '■■■■ < Graffen-ried founded the Genr.an colony of New Berne, N. C,
■ 1..' .. ; in the year 1710, at the m.outh of the Trent and Neuse rivers.
,,.-,, ..: The more important documents of Francis Louis Michel,
i'.,. ■ ' ■ preserved at Berne, are in rcahty not the originals themselves,
.1 ' ri l.._ but copies, m.ade by his brother, John Louis Michel. They
consist of the following:
1 r ;■ a I A short report of his journey to America, October 2, 1701-
'■ December 1, 1702, accompanied by a series of sketches: (a) A
' ■ • ■ n-ap showing the entrance of the Chesapeake Bay; (b) a sketch
•■• ■■-'•■ ■ "•■' of the College at William.sburg; (c) a sketch of the State House,
(la)-ln the interpretation of difr'cult words, the translator had the
:: ' , assi.-tancc of Prof. A. B. Faust, of Cornell University, and of Prof. W. F.
;,,.• • .. von Miilinen, of the University cf Berne, Switzerland.
.1
\jt\ r 1 .! 'I.-/! 2i;'
THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. .• 6
begun 1702; (d) a sketch of the Church at Williamsburg; (e) a
sketch of a waterspout; (f) a sketch of three Indians and their
houses.
2. "Several letters, which arrived after the departure of my
brother, dated February 14, 1703, from London, and from
America."
3. A draft of a petition to the Queen of England, asking for a
concession, in order to found a colony there.]
Short Report of the American Journey, which was made
FROM the 2nd of October of Last Year to the First op
December of this Current Year 1702. , ,
On the Ship Nassau,
built for 700 tons and forty pieces [of cannon].
Account of my first travels.
Soli Deo Gloria. , . '
1701, October. After I had determined upon this ioumey,
I engaged passage on a ship going down the Rhine, at Basle, on
the Sth of October, and on the 30th of said month I arrived in
Rotterdam, where an English yacht lay ready, to convey
Milord Galloway to London. I made use of this opportunity.
On the evening of the 31st, we left the land and with the ebb
and a weak but good wind sailed for three hours, then anchored.
In the morning we made use of the tide and at ten o'clock
reached Bricl [Brielle](2), a city five hours distant from Rotter-
dam. As the wind was too weak Milord stayed there till the
following morning. In the forenoon we sailed with an east wind
out of the Rhine into the ocean, for about two hours, when we
were forced, Ijccause of the weak wind and the unfavorable tide,
to cast anchor. At evening the aforesaid wind increased and
we advanced during the night about 30 hours [90 miles]. At
noon we saw land, which looked as if it were encloc:d by high,
white walls, inasmuch as the largest part of England towards
the ocean lies upon white and high cliffs of chalk. At evening
(2)-Brielle lies at what is now the mouth of the New Meuse River, on
the island of Voorne.
4 ' VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE,
we anchored in the Terns [Thames]. In the morning we sailed
up the stream, covered with ships, through a beautiful and fer-
tile district, passing the town of Gravesend.
1701, November. To-night, namely the 4th of November,
we landed in London, not far from the Tower. But before we
landed we were carefully searched for the third time, whether
we had any dutiable goods. Even the trunks of Milord were
not spared. The dutiable goods consist among other things
of yam, laces, linen, that is unused, wine, whiskey, and other
foreign goods. As it was already dark and as I was unacquaint-
ed with English customs and the English language, I had great
difficulty in finding a lodging place for the night. But in the
morning a Frenchman showed me a room, in the so-called
Quarter Gracq, which was rented by the week, where I stayed
till my embarkation.
I shall not delay long in order to describe this great and mighty
city and the fertile country, because, as one of the most beautiful
and richest countries, it is sufficiently well known. In this great
metropolis the splendid St. Paul's cathedral is especially note-
worthy, whose size and costly workmanship excite attention,
since m.ore than thirty six years have been spent in its erection
and m.ore than ten years will still be necessary before it is com-
pletcd(3). It is built of large white hewn stone. To secure the
necessary mioney for it the burning of hard coal is taxed. Each
wagonload is taxed a crown, which yields an incredibly large
sum.
Not far from the city two royal castles arc located, together
with the adjoining pleasure and game parks, where the late
king William used to spend much time. One is called Kensing-
ton(4), the other Grenwitsch [Greenwich]. (5)
(.3)-According to Baedeker's Lon^/o?i, IGtii cd.. 1911, p 91, "the present
church, desig^ned by Cliristophcr Wren and bepun in 107.5. was opened for
divine service on Deceinljcr 2, 1G97, and completed in 1710. The greater
part of the cost of the construction, which may be estimated at about
850,000 1., wat^ defrayed by a ta.x on coal entering the jjort o'' London."
(4)-Kensin{,ton Palace was purchased from the second Earl of Nottinjr-
ham by Kinf^ William III. in 16S9. The present brick edifice was built
for William and Mary in lGSO-91. Sec Baedeker's London, p. 264.
(5)-Grecnwich Palace, l:uilt by Charles II. in 1667, was converted into
a Hospital for aged and disabled soldiers by William III. in 1G94. See
Baedeker's London, p. 393.
THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 5
In order to gain my purpose, I went out daily to inquire when
the West India ships would sail. After eight days I learned
that within four weeks, as usual, a large number of ships would
leave for that country, but especially the ship Nassau, upon
which it was possible at that time, because of the King's liberal-
ity, to travel free of charge. To that end I inquired of the
commissioner, appointed for that purpose, who at o.ice ap-
proved of my desire and informed me that the ship would sail
within four weeks. The stranger can find out daily, at the
Bourse, when and where the ships ready to sail leave, and also
the name of the captain and at what place and time he is to be
found; the size of the ship, the number of sailors and cannons
is also stated.
The ordinary fare is five pounds, sometimes six, for the jour-
ney across, but only half that amount for the return journey.
After I had made sure of the ship, I inquired what marketable
goods could be purchased. I bought, as far as I was able, SDme
of every kind, also what was necessary for the journey and my
stay there, namely: A mattress, linen, whiskey, ready-made
clothes, hats, stockings, shoes, rifles, all kinds of household
goods and implements, knives, scissors, shoe buekles, hair
powder, especially amber, all kinds of perfumes and laces; in
short everything that a man needs, except food. Tae ordinary
and lowest profit is fifty per cent. But there are goad^ on which
one can double and even treble his money. The largest profit
of the merchants is due to the fact that the inhabitants of the
West [Western World] have to order everything from England,
because through lack of artisans nothing can be made in that
country, although the materials for many things can be found
there. It is probable that the merchants in England make no
search for this [material], but rather discourage it, because they
would lose much in trade.
When I had finished my purchases and the appointed tims
had come, I went to the commissiDner, named Captain Jaco,
who resides in St. Anne street. (6) He informed me that tha
ship would soon be ready to leave and that it was lying at anchor
(6)-St. Anne St. is near Westminster Abbey, connecting Orchard St
and Great Peter St.
i.1
-r f,
yni tr.i. v
lir^i .c:li.'':L«i zcpK ^r'Vfit'
6 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
at Blackwahl [Blackwall](7), one hour from London. He gave
me a note to Captain Robert Trischen, to receive me and to
board me according to custom.
1701, December. On the 15th of December I went on board
of ship. I looked at once for a well located cabin and with some
effort made myself comfortable. There were 140 persons on
the sam.e deck. We stayed there without prospect [of depart-
ure] till January 14, 1702.
1702, January. The cause [of the delay] was the contrary
wind and also the fact that our ship, because of its size, was
Eubjcct to m;ilitary service. But Mr. William, the owner of the
ship, substituted another ship in its place. He was able to
secure this concession because he was a member of parliament
at that time. Fourteen ships are owned by him. The king
has knighted him. He has great wealth. In his youth he was
a ccm.m.on sailor.
During this tim.e m.erchandise and provisions were daily taken
on beard, and also scm.e poor English (*) people, or persons who
had been guilty of some crim.e, young and old, sold into servitude
for four years. Those who are not of age must serve, according
to law, till they have reached the 21st year, for food and clothes.
When they are sold in Virginia the ordinary price is from ten to
eighteen pounds. After they have gained their liberty, they
work for scm.e years, until they themselves can set up a planta-
tion or farm, as indeed mxst of the inhabitants of that land have
ccme in in such a m.anner and have settled there in that way.
In passing, I cannot emit to relate briefly what happened on
the 22nd at night, at ten o'clock, through those sold into servi-
tude. It should be known that there are people in England
and especially in London, who sell foreigners and simple-
mir.dcd people to go on West India ships. About fifty of these
deceived and liberty-loving people plotted together, supplied
thcm.selves secretly ^^ith sticks, to be used in case they would
meet opposition in their effort to seize the sloop by force and to
(7)-The Blackwall docks, near Blackwall tunnel, are at the east end of
London.
(*)-The original does not read"Armee Leutcn," as the printed edition
(Year Book, p. 67) gives it, but "armen Leuten," as Prof, von Mulinen
reads it.
.aKI\Ai')Ati.
nc
THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 7
return to the land. But they had to come up the stairway,
close to which I and four French famiUcs had settled. We
looked in upon the commotion for a while, not knowing of their
intention, until they all made a furious rush to seize the stair-
way. We thought their object was to attack us, hence four
of us seized swords and held the passage-way, until the ship's
owner, together with twelve sailors, who had heard the uproar
in their beds, came down in their shirts with their guns and
anchor bars, saw the tumult and knocked down everybody who
resisted and did not escape. Many were badly wounded and
beaten. They took twenty of the leaders, whom they laid,
during the whole cold night, backvv'ards across the cable and the
anchor-ropes. The noise was heard on shore and became known
in London. The captain came to hear what was the nature
of the tumuli. After he had heard of their plan, he ordered
twelve of the chief ringleaders and also two women, who had
incited the revolt, to be locked up in irons. They had to suffer
for it during the whole journey. The owner of the ship and
also the captain were very grateful, that so few of us had held
up the mob, and had taken the part of the ship's owner, in re-
turn for whirh we were well treated. Especially at our de-
parture, when the King refused to pay the passage money for
the fugitives from France [Huguenots], as the commissioner in-
formed us, wc had no other thought than that we would have
to pay, namicly six pounds sterling. But the rich owner asked
us to see him. We had to relate to him from beginning to end
how it all hr.d happened. He told us that, though there was
no hope that we be paid from the king's treasury as hitherto,
yet in consideration of our services and faithfulness, he wished
us good luck on our journey, but asked no money. Each one
also had to drink to his health.
After the above date we were fully ready for the journey and
we weighed anchor for the fifth time, in vain. On the 14th,
however, we had good sailing weather, hence we left in the fore-
noon and in the evening reached Gravesend, situated about 21
miles from London. It is provided with a stron g fort (8)^ on
(8)-"0n the Essex bank, opposite Gravesend, we observe the low
bastions of Tillniry Fort, originally constructed by Henry VIII. to defend
the mouth of the Thames, and since extended and strengthened;" see
Baedeker, London, p. 392.
1 'a.''
8 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
the other side of the water, where ships stop, sometimes be-
nt u ]• cause of stormy weather, at other times to get papers of clear-
ance and ammunilionO). The servants of the ship are also
paid here, if they have anything to demand.
\ , J We lay there till the 2-ith. As there was good wind then, we
f . ,, left in the forenoon and in the evening reached the mouth of the
,i: Terns [Thames] at Northpoint(lO). There we anchored. The
■ t.s"; • ■ battle ships of the first class pass the winter here. On the fol-
lowing day, with a weak wind, we advanced 88 miles. The
next day we passed a dangerous place over the covered sand-
' ■ . 'i banks(ll),which lie between Northpoint and Dunes [Downs](l2)
. .. The path of the ships is marked, as being 3, 4, 5 to 6 fathoms of
: I v.ater. The dangerous character of the place is shown by the
masts, which protrude out of the water at many places. These
lie not far from Marget [Margate]. On the 2Gth, in beautiful
weather, but with weak, contrary wind, we reached Dunes
• < ( ■ [Downs], where 64 large as well as small warships and mer-
.... chantmen of different nationalities were assembled. This
' ■ . harbor is guarded by two sea castles, between them lies an open
notable place (13), but the east wind is very dangerous to the
ships, which stay there, as five days before our arrival fifteen
; ! I . small and large ships, through the severe storm and the breaking
:. -i ; of anchor ropes or cables, were broken to pieces on the chalk
, , ; . cliffs, and partly were driven to and upon sandbanks where
.../.. m.ost of them suffered shipwreck.
' . .■ ' , 1702, February. We stayed there to the 6th of February, on
• ' ;■■ ' account of the contrary north-west wind. Two ships returned
cr. , from the sea badly used up through the rough weather. Inas-
"^.iii. ■ : ; much as the wind blew fro m the east in the evening, we, to-
■ ■ ^ (9)-The description of Baedeker aj^rees closely: "Vessels on their way
. ■. . , up the Thames here take pilots and customs house officer on board, and
outward hound vessels also usually touch here;" see London, p. 43"f.
'■• <'••'' ■■ (lO)-Northpoint is identical with the promontory North Foreland,
alaout half a mile from Margate. .
'' . ' ■ (ll)-These sandbanks are the dangerous quicksands, called Goodwin
' ' Sands; sec Baedeker, Crea; 5n'/(zjn, 3rd ed., 1S91, p. 2t. _
' ■■ ) . • . (12)-"The 'Downs,' between Goodwin Sands and the mainland form
■ •' • an excellent harbour of refuge in stormy weather;" see Baedeker, Great
' "• ■ " ■ ' Britain, p. 25.
' ■ (13)-This notable place is Deal, with Deal Castle to the north of the
town and Walmer Castle to the south of it; see Baedeker, Great Britain,
p. 25.
•J..:.••^. <.^A^ti.:l'^c^
■.;•,•» Jk..;.
iv.r.i; lr[> >.i
THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. U
gether with twelve other ships, weighed anchor, but we could
not leave this evening with the others, because the captain de-
layed too long on shore and we had to weigh two heavy anchors.
At dawn, on the 7th, we sailed by Douvres [Dover], six miles
from Dunes. Here the channel is only 21 miles wide, so that
Calais in France can well be recognized. The wind changed to
our disadvantage, hence we had to tack about, towards the
coast of Normandy. We saw some French fishermen together
with a large ship. It soon signalled by a flag that it was Eng-
lish. Finally wc were compelled to make for Spit heat [Spit-
head] (14), which Hes opposite the Isle of Wight. We had great
difficulty in veering about, because the wind was altogether
contrary. There is a strong fort which guards the harbor(15)
This is one of the best and securest sea ports of England. A
large number of warships were there, most of them ready to
sail. They were filled with men pressed into service. We
stayed there during the night. The next morning we sailed
about six miles, in storaiy weather, and cast anchor before Cow
[Cowes], a beautiful place in the island(16). There were 56
merchantmen there, waiting for east wind, which had not blown
for ten weeks, the northerly and westerly wind is especially
common. There was among others a large Dutch ship there,
destined for the East Indies, which had waited six weeks for
favorable wind. The ship's company was large and sickness
was among them, so that more than forty persons had died
since they were lying there. , , ■
We had to wait again for wind till the 18th. In the mean-
time the empty water barrels were filled in the beautiful and
fruitful Isle of Wight. It extends thirty miles in length and
six miles in width(17). Oysters are taken there in large quan-
tities. It looked as if the wind would not change soon, hence
the captain sent for his wife from London. It is only forty
(14)-The roadstead of Spithead is between Portsmouth and the Isle of
WiRht. , .
(l.j)-B]ockhouse Fort, opposite Point Battery in Portsmouth, is prob-
ably meant; sec Baedeker, Great Britain, map facing p. 55.
(iG)-West Cowes has the best harbor in the Isle of W ight, see Baedeker,
I.e., p. 74.
(17)-Baedekcr's Great Britain, p. 67, gives the extent of the island as
22 miles in length and 13 miles in width.
10 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
miles by land(18). She reached the ship Saturday evening.
Bui in the morning of the 18th, at dawn, it began to blow from
the east. At noon it was very good sailing weather, so that all
preparations for sailing were made. The captain's wife took
leave and was taken back on a sloop with two pieces of cannon.
At the same time our pilot, Mr. Bonnus, went on land, because
of his health, in his place Mr. Buller cam.e. At two o'clock all
the ships were under sail. They were saluted by the fort lo-
cated there, with many shots of cannon, to which the ships gave
many replies and thus they took leave. They sailed together
between the island and the mainland, passed the last fort(19),
which lies on the land near the place of exit, and then they
passed into the sea. Each ship showed by its flag its nation-
ality, namely English, Dutch, Swedish, Danish and those from
Hamburg. Most of them took their course southv.-ard. Our
ship alone turned westward. The condition of our ship was as
follows: We had only 18 pieces of cannon that could be used,
besides the captain, officers, sailors, passengers and merchants,
together with 130 persons that had been sold, in all 218 souls.
We were also sufficiently supplied with all kinds of provisions.
Food was henceforth distributed in the following manner : Five
passengers had to club together. They received daily four
pounds of biscuit, one quart of beer, two quarts of water, two
pieces of beaf and pork, weighing six pounds, in addition every
noon, which was mealtime and announced by the ringing of
bells, a dish full of large peas. On Sundays and Wednesdays
we received in place of the meat two pounds of flour and half
a pound of pork lard, out of which a thick paste is made, which
is put into a linen sack. It is cooked with the meat, but not as
long as the latter. Grape juice is often put into it, which is a
good dish, called boudin [pudding]. It happens often that in-
stead of meat fresh and large beans with butter are given out.
The food is often, on account of the heat and because it is not
salted sufficiently, like the water, of such bad taste that we
suffered considera bly, especially because the large number o f
(18)-The exact distance from London to Portsmouth is 44 miles; see
Baedeker, Crcal Britain, p. 55.
(19)-Probably Hearst Castle is meant, one of the cost defences ot
Henry VIII; see Baedeker, Creal Britain, p. 95.
.StVfi;
yrjivj
lirH \y.u: )
£ ;•: (1-)'.:
'I J; J
THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. '"'^- 11
inice spoiled our bread altogether. The captain and those
that cat at his table arc always supplied with fresh meat, nor do
they use wine and strono; beer sparingly. It costs ten pounds
for the journey outwards and six pounds for the return trip to
eat at his table, besides the transportation fare.
This night the ship began to rock. In the morning we saw
no land, but two ships came in sight. As the wind increased
the ship rocked more than before, so that almost all were seized
with sea sickness. With many others I was unable to cat any-
thing within four days. Even if one did eat something, it did
not stay, but the stomach had to surrender it again, which was
a great hardship to the people. Usually one cannot eat for
some time even that food, which one could cat before the sick-
ness. The meat was lying about in large quantities, because
the rations were cooked as usual, although during the first days
hardly anylody ate anything.
The cast wind continued constantly, so that we needed from
twelve to sixteen sails. On the 21st, we passed Sorlingen(20)
[Scilly islands], the extreme end of England, a dangerous cliff.
A French woman died to-day. She was a lively, sensible and
thoughtful woman, who left a husband together with two little
bo'j's. Three hours after her death a sack full of stones was
attached to her and thus she was consigned to the deep.
1702, March. The above mentioned wind continued blowing
strong to the 8th of March. We sailed every twenty four hours
between sixty and eighty m.iles. While doing it we were
troubled considerably by the violent motion of the ship. During
this time nothing remarkable occurred. On the 8th, at noon,
as on every day when the sun shines, the captain took the lati-
tude. He found that we were on the 45th degree, about 650
hours or 1950 m.iles from London. Day and night there was at
this point a difference of two and a half hours in time. The
more one turns west, the longer the day becomes, compared
w ith our country or Europe. The acute fever prevailed among
us very much, so that about forty men and women were sick,
and every \^'eek one or two were taken off. They were all
(20)-Sorlinpues is the French name of Scilly Islands, forty miles from
Land's End, the extreme south-west corner of England.
.. ■)
jinhuG
12 H K». VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
cL\ I thrown into the ocean as mentioned above. Hitherto I have
kept well, except getting sea-sick, but on the 11th I fell asleep
- : t on the stern of the ship, lying in the sun. The climate of this
region is said to be warm throughout the whole year. During
;■ : ;•, this time there died among others an English lady, of high
I I family and great wealth. As she had been guilty of some in-
; , discretion, her family was sending her to Virginia. The captain
•...:.. had a coffin made for her, in which were placed stones and
■■ l through which holes were bored, so that it might sink more
readily.
From the date mentioned last till Easter we advanced fairly
well. Inasmuch as a long journey was anticipated, the daily
rations were diminished, especially did we suffer for lack of
:., . • i water. On Easterday a driving storm blew from north-east,
1 ., ; mixed with rain and showers We could not cook to day, be-
\' ■ • cause the ship was repeatedly thrown from one side to the other.
I, I At noon the storm increased, so that not more than half a sail
; .'.: could be hoisted. A large rope, which was meant to steady the
J,:,! ',: mast, was torn.
• : 1702, April. We had again beautiful sailing weather, with
wind from the north-cast. The captain, with the owner of the
.. .i . ship, took the latitude. They found that we had passed the
31st degree. We saw, upon our left, about an hour's distance
i :j ■• [three miles] from us a waterspout(21), which are usually seen
at certain places, when good sailing weather is coming, but they
I \( are terrible and dangerous to the ships, if one cannot escape from
them, or break them up through cannon balls, which are shot off
at them. They appear like a cloud on the water and in the air.
From the lower cloud rises a stream of water like a serpent into
the upper cloud. Experience shows that when a ship comes
near and breaks up the waterspout, a mass of water falls down,
which, if it does not sink the ship, damages it seriously.
On the 2nd we had beautiful warm weather. We saw a ship
in the morning behind us, well provided with sails. It was ap-
proaching us. We made ready for a fight, if it had to be. To-
■ :■: wards evening we were still close together. We thought it was
(21)-This waterspout must have impressed Michel very much, for he
made a sketch of it, which forms part of the Ms.
.!■( : . i,i
-oT
THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 13
surely a pirate. Finally the captain hoisted the English flag.
It was answered by the same, which pleased us very much. We
did not feel much desire to fig;ht. Finally we came together
so closely that the captains could talk to each other through
the speaking trumpet and could drink to each other's health.
The ship was from Bristol and like ourselves on the journey to
Virginia. As this was the first company we had, the captains
would have liked to come together to celebrate, but the high sea
did not permit it. Upon our inquiry how far we were from land,
he answered, 250 miles. According to our count it was 300
miles. In order to find out how far a ship has sailed or gotten
away from land, on the one hand, the degrees of latitude are
taken, on the other hand the English have the custom to take
soundings every two hours, day and night, without interrup-
tion, by m.eans of a line, to which a little board in triangle shape
is attached. On the one side, namely below, it is covered with
lead. It [the triangular board] is attached with a cord at two
places. It remains perpendicular and almost immovable in one
place in the water. When the ship goes fast, much cord on the
ship is unrolled from a capstan. A sandglass of half a minute
is used at the same time and when the little board in the water
is ready, the glass is turned around, and the cord is let go. When
the glass is empty, the cord is held, which is marked, and it can
be seen easily how many fathoms the ship made in half a minute.
Then they figure out how many miles the ship makes in two
hours, which is recorded in the [log] book.
A large number of fish were encountered. From that time
I had more and more heat in my head, until I lost consciousness
on the 16th. The physician, a Saxon, who cared more for
eating and drinking than for his calling, gave me various
remedies, so that after a lapse of eight days I improved.
What was most troublesome was the fact that I could not cat
the ship's food, but we did not have any other. About this
time the favorable wind began to fail. The captain stated
that he had traveled westward nine times, but had never seen
this wind last so long, nor had traveled westward so far in so
little time. It should be known that on the journey across
north and west winds generally prevail.
8C
nu m «'ii!
tuon.
14 ! .^;-r'.' VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
I After the calm had lasted two days and we had traveled in
that time hardly thirty miles, the wind began to blow from the
. . north, which was not favorable for us. On the 19th, at day-
break, we discovered a ship on our right, about twelve miles from
) VIS. As the wind carried us towards it, it made every effort to
' approach. In this latitude pirates are commonly found. We
, ;. : saw that it approached u? and was sailing better than we, hence
't.. . . : we prepared our defence. The masts were fastened with chains,
• .. the cannons and firearms were loaded, the broad swords and
, -. V short pikes were laid out. All the men were assembled, the
women were locked in the hold. The sailors had to fix their
beds and hammocks on the quarter deck as a breastwork, so that
we might be safe against the small arms. Forty bottles of
whiskey were ready to fill the people with courage. Meanwhile
we approached closer. We saw through the fieldglasses that it
was not as large as ours, but we could not discover the nation-
r ,. ality or whether it was a pirate. Finally evening came and,
because of the darkness, we saw it no more. But we kept a good
•u lookout and changed our course, so that in the morning we had
lost sight of each other. In clear weather one can see from
; seven to ten hours [21-30 miles]. The wind was eight days
north north-west and often even west. We had to change our
course not only, but were even driven back about one hundred
' ,'''• miles. During this time we suffered very much through the
roughness of the sea, so that we could not lie down at night,
It*.'! much less could we rest. If we did not hold fast somewhere
. we were thrown from one side to the other. With great trouble
:.''%, and cost I had a pitcher of ptisan(22) cooked for me, which one
i.i.rr, night was hurled down from its place, because the ship was
- !. :i ' thrown on one side, and all was lost. We saw at different times
large and small fish. Once at evening during a violent rain-
. . storm, we saw a part of a broken ship, drifting close to us, in-
deed so near that it was difficult to turn away from it. The
... .. wind turned to south and often north-east, so that we had to go
'r <;i' with a quarter sail and even less, yet we made day after da y 28
0! (22)-Theformof the word used by Michel is "phtisana." It is a Greek
i ' word, plisanc, peeled barley, then also barley water. Webster defines
■' " ■ ptisan as "barley water with other ingredients." In Latin the form is
ptiiana, in French tisane, in English ptimn, pronounced tizan.
.aM;s
THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL, y^. ,(/. 15
to 36 hours. On the 22nd two large ships hove in sight, east of
us. It was stormy weather and dark, so that we were soon
unable to see them. On the 3rd of May it was beautiful
weather for sailing. The captain of a ship which had sailed
with us since yesterday came on board during the calm of to-
day. He was well received by our people and entertained till
evening.
1702, May. On the 4th, the wind came from the south-east,
which expedited our journey. We saw again two ships. The
one seemed to be a warship. But we made no efforts for our
defense as before, because we did not regard ourselves capable
of making a resistance, if they should attack. It also looked
like an English ship, but it could not approach us to-day. On
the morning of the next day it was an hour [three miles] away
from us. It made straight for us. We were rather afraid. But
we soon saw by the flag that it had an English emblem and
color, red with a white cross in a white field, at the upper corner
near the pole. As it was good sailing w^eather, the captains
came to our ship, where they were hospitably entertained. The
large ship, wliich we had taken for a warship, was one of the
most beautiful merchantmen, named "Indian King" or "Wild
King," because it had been built in Virginia. Three years ago
it fell into the hands of the pirates not far from land, but was
rescued after a hard battle by the governor(23). Sixty pirates
were taken prisoners, of all kinds of nations, nearly all of whom
were later hung in England. The joint reckoning of all the
captains agreed that we were not more than fifty miles from
land, because we had seen signs of land for four days, plants of
roses from the Bahamas, as also all kinds of land birds. The
water had already changed its former blue color into green.
To-day we saw a large fish [whale], which could swim very fast
and from time to time threw up much water archlike. The
"Wild King" sailed to-day close to us, as also the other ships,
because, as stated above, their captains were with us. The
crew of the above mentioned ship had a large fishing-hook, to
(23')-Robert Peverlcy in his History and l^resent State of Virgiiiia, Lou-
den, ITn.'i, Poole I, {). 1021" , shows at lengtli that it wasnot Governor Nich-
olson who dcicrved credit for the capture of the pirates, but Captain
Passenger, Commander of the Shoram, a fifth rate man of war.
16 ■• VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
which four pounds of meat were attached by a rope. In the
evening a hundred pound fish was hanging to it, which caused
great joy and rejoicing. Our cook, an Indian by birth, was sent
by the captain to that ship to get a piece [of the fish]. It was at
once prepared and distributed, but it was not good.
On the 6th we had still beautiful weather. We saw various
signs of land. We made a sounding for 200 fathoms, but con-
trary to expectation, did not strike bottom. To the rope an
oblong piece of lead is attached, to the bottom of which a piece
of tallow is pasted. If it strikes stony soil, the tallow frequently
stays down. By the soil that adheres those who are expert in it
can tell how far the land is and what region it is. On the 7th
another sounding was taken, but, to our surprise, we were again
unable to find bottom. The reckoning is perhaps sixty miles
wrong. At night bottom was struck to our great joy at 118
fathoms. The lead and the tallow were cut off and, according
to custom, were fastened to the small mast, the number of the
fathoms being added with chalk. White sand and small
oyster shells had adhered to the tallow. On the following day
bottom was found at 90, 78 and 52 fathoms and, as we did not
dare to sail at night, for fear of running upon the large sand-
banks, which lie before the bay, we anchored. At break of day
we heard from the mast the pleasant call: Land, land! Every
one appeared happy and thanked God. It is customary to give
a bottle of whiskey to the one who first sees the land.
The coast appears at first like a forest standing in water.
When we drew nearer, we could recognize out of the different
green colors the various kinds of trees, growing together. At
noon we sailed between Accomac and Quiqucdam into the
[Chesapeake] Bay, with four and five fathoms of water. Four-
teen miles further up we ran into the York river and on the same
night we reached Yorktown, where six ships were lying at
anchor. We were greeted with many salutes, to which wc
replied.
What has become known to me of this country and what I
have learned from my own experience and have heard from the
inhabitants. I shall now relate briefly:
It is well known that this fourth part [continent] of the world
■!j:i.': v:i.;u!
THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 17
was first discovered in the 15th century, about 1492, hy Jean
[Christopher] Colombo, an Italian of Genoa. The first island
which he saw towards the south he called Hispaniola. From
there they sailed to the kingdoms of Peru and Mexico, so rich
in gold and silver. Whole books have been written regarding
the things that happened on their further journeys and the in-
hum.an cruelty which they showed towards the poor natives.
After he had found such a great kingdom and fruitful coun-
try and it had become generally known, other nations sailed
forth to become acquainted with that country and, if possil^lc,
gain a foothold there. The first colony was planted in the
north, called New York (24), which is now the principal pro-
vince of the British empire. The capital in the west is called
Boston. It is governed like other lands and islands mled by the
king of England, without participation of Parliament. For
these lands are hereditary possessions of the English kings, who
caused them to be discovered and colonized by their own means.
They also protect them and, in the beginning, waged fierce wars
with the ancient inhabitants or savages.
Pennsylvania or New Netherland(25), adjoining New York,
was first settled by the Hollanders, as even today a large number
of them dwell there. In the treaty made in 1GG5 this country
was surrendered to England by way of exchange for the island
of Courshaw [Curacao] and Surinam, small but advantageously
located places for commerce, which is carried on with the
Spaniards. It [Surinam] lies not far from the Spanish islands
of the Amazon River.
The capital is called Philadelphia. According to the state-
ments of those who have visi ted it. it is described as a large,
(24)-Miche! evidently never heard of tho .\cw Enjibn] colonics and
thcu^ht Poster, was in Xe>.v York. There arc a number o'' other miutakcs
in the tollowir.'.^ paragraphs, introdurtory to his description of Virginia,
but it is not necessary to point out all of them in detail.
(25)-What Michel writes here about Pennsylvania applies to New'York.
It is an intcicstinp, point, generally overlookci!. that' the exchange men-
tioned by him took place. The article "Guiana" in the Emycl. Brit.,
11th cJ., Vol. XII, p. 67G. states: "Tliis colonv | Surinam i was however
formally ceded to the Netherlands in 1007 hv tho i)cace of Breda. Great
Britain takinfr New York. According to tlicrf/wirif^'f Modern Hislory,
Vo\. V, p 1121 it was agreed by the treaty of Breda that both England
and Holland should keep their conquests.
TI
lO'-i ir
T.il J
18 ,, ,,,, VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
ricli, commercial city, as also the country itself is said to be one
of ihe most fruitful countiiss which the English hold there in
their possession. It is especially rich in grain. Charles II,
for services rendered gave this province, together with the gov-
ernment and full religious liberty, to the Baptists(26), who live
there in large numbers. But the government was taken from
William Penn, the last governor, because he harbored sea-
robbers or pirates. Many towns and villages are found in it.
Then follows Maryland, adjoining the last mentioned coun-
try. It took its name from Queen Mary, becaiise it was dis-
co^'ercd and first settled in her reign. It is rich in tobacco,
which, however, cannot be compared to that of Virginia, nor
is it sold as dearly. It is mostly exported to Holland. It is the
snallcst province.
Then follows Virginia. As I have lived there, it is my purpose
to describe its characteristics m.ore at length.
Carolina borders on it in the south. It was discovered and
settled under a king Charles. An extensive wilderness lies
between Virginia and this country [Carolina], so that thus far
people have not been in the habit of traveling by land [from
one to the other].
Finally follows Florida, of which I do not know much to
report, except that it borders on the Spanish and French pos-
sessions. Although unknown to me, this country comprises
an incredibly large area, whose inhabitants are very numerous
and increase every year. All these are part of the American
continent. In the east they are bounded by the ocean, in the
north by Canada, which is inhabited by the French, but be-
cause of the great coldness very inconvenient, in the west by the
unknown wilderness and in the south by the Spanish country.
The m.any streams and large rivers, together with the innum-
erable smaller ones, which branch out into the country from the
larger on all sides, and their abundance of fish are indescribable.
Regarding the islands, which like the above mentioned coun-
tries are in English possession, it may be said that there is first
of all Barbados, very rich in sugar, of which mostly rum isdis-
{26)-Quakers shculd be substituted for Baptists. The story about
Penn harboring pirates is of course fictitious.
9d
atoh'.'/iiA SilJ U> )"r:.'j • ic o^oiit tlA .ifi'.>v
111 v.-:
THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. ' ' " '' 19
tilled, which is a kind of whiskey, the gallon or four quarter
ban-el is sold at the place for three shillings. Many ships stop
there every year and a considerable commerce is carried on with
that island. It lies about 100 miles from the main land.
Jamaica is another island, situated not far from the first(27),
also rich in sugar. Many negroes are brought from this island
and sold in Virginia. Besides all kinds of fruits arc raised there
and also much cattle.
St. Christopher was only half inhabited by the English. But
when they heard of the war this year, they took up arms and
drove out the French, who occupied the best part. They were
compelled to go to St. Dominique. It is very warm in that
island, but it is rich in money, which the privateers took from
the Spaniards. A terrible wi-nd is said to come there every
year, called hurricane, which causes great damage on land and
sea when its period arrives, which is November. Then the
water appears of a whitish color and rises higher than usual.
Indeed it often passes beyond its barriers and does damage.
When the ships see such signs, they seek the best possible safety.
As stated above we arrived here on April 8th [read May 8th].
I shall now state briefly what has become known to me.
Virginia (*) lies on the 37th degree of latitude, westward or to-
wards the setting sun. The differencp in time between London
and here is six hours, namely when it is noon in England, it is
six o'clock in the morning in this country.
The extent of the country is as follows: The width from
Maryland to Carolina, together with the wilderness between
the two countries, amounts to 500 milcs(28), the length extends
into the wilderness, which is not known to any one and the end
is impossible- to find.
(27)-The geographical knowledge of Michel is somewhat defective.
(2S)-This extent is of course much too large. It may be, however,
that Michel uses "Virginia" herein a wider and more original sense. Bev-
erly in his History, Book II, p. 2 says: "The least extent of Bounds in
any of the Grants made to Virginia, since it was settled, and which wa
find uoon Record there is Two Hundred Miles North from Point Comfort,
and Two Hundred Miles South."
(*)-In editing the latter part of Michel's report, the translator had
the able assistance of the editor of the Magazine Mr. Stanard, who
very kindly furnished notes 30, 33, 3G, 37, 40, 42 and 49.
♦>!
.■^ffl OJ »//Onii 5iYlO0;Xl fJF.Xl WOff il) )' ^
20 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
; 'Oil it. Among the navigable and principal waters the bay, which
^xr^VL. runs between Accomac and Quiquedam for more than 400
,,:. : '- n-iiles(29), must be mentioned first. It ends or rather begins
;, in Pennsylvania. The entrance or mouth is 25 miles wide, full
•. . of dangerous sandbanks, as shown by the fact that recently a
^ ■ .-. : royal ship suffered shipwreck on one of the banks, where a part
\ -.i.^ -. s i of the ship can still be seen. Ebb and tide control this water
'": > ■.»..^ like the ocean. Into this bay empty m:any large and small
•i.v./ (I, ■ rivers. I shall m.ention only the four principal rivers, which
',;. ,,,,. 1. pass through Virginia and are navigable for large ships for 80
• i : .' to 100 miles up stream. They have 3, 4 to 6 fathoms of water.
• ■, ■ : From these four m.ain rivers branch off an innum.erable number
■. of tributaries or smiall rivers, which are very convenient for the
' people, who seek to live near them, because of their convenience.
The first is called Jam.es or Jacob's river, whose mouth not far
from the ocean or Quiquedam (30), is a very broad and wide-
■ - , spread river. According to the testimony of the Indians its
■ ' end or rather its beginning has never been found. This river
abounds in fish till Falensgrig [Falling Creek], 80 miles up inland.
That far reaches the ebb and tide of the ocean. It cannot get
, M • farther, because the river falls there over high rocks, which
: causes miuch noise that can be heard far away. The salt water
also reaches as far as the falls, above them it is a smoothly flow-
ing, sweet water river, about half a miile wide. Twenty five
miiles farther up this river is a French colony, of which more
will be reported later on.
• , t The second is called York river. It empties sixteen miles
from the first into the bay. They are equally wide. It has
...■': .its full width till fifty miles farther up, where it bran?h25 at West
• (29)-It is only 200 miles.
(30)-Quiquedam is evidently intended for Kcckotan or Kickotan, the
' Indian name of the present town of HamtJton, \'a., on KamiJton Roads.
, .. There was an Indian villat'o here at the time of the first settlement; but
within a few vears the tribe was exterminated by the Powhatans. At
tlictimcof Michel's visit Ham.ptnn (or Kickotan) was a prosperous village
with a church and at least one inn. the Rose and Crown.
'■ Fallini:; Creek ilow>- into James River on the south side 6 miles below
. Richmond. Here, in 1620, the first iron furnace in .America was estab-
*" lished. It was destroyed and the workm.en killed by the Indians in the
- '' * Massacre of 1022. Lumps of ore (some with par11\- melted charcoal in
l\'-'' ■'- - them) are still found at the site of the furnace. Bcp, ore, found in shallow
' ' '•:■ pockets along the creek, was used.
THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 21
Point. The large ships, as well as ebb and tide, come up to this
point. Farther up the water is sweet. As stated, half of the
river branches off northwestward, for about thirty miles, called
Mattabaney river. The other branch runs sDJthwest a great
way into the wilderness. It is called PomDuquay river. It
runs quietly, like the other, with sweet water. It is two to three
fathoms deep and half a mile wide.
The third is the Rabahanock river. It runs into the bay
thirty miles from the last. It has the same width, as well as
ebb and t-ide, like the other two. It extends into the wilderness
through Straifort County. It is also plied by ships for sixty
miles up into the country. With sloops or other boats one can
go up still farther.
Th.c fourth and last is the Pattom'ae River, the broadest of all,
about eighteen miles wide at some places. It runs far up into
the country, v/ith ebb and tide like the others. It is much
vi.sitcd by merchantmen and divides Virginia and Maryland.
These four rivers come partly from the bay, but partly and even
mostly from the interior or the wilderness. When they meet,
that part v/hieh comes from the interior is sweet and runs con-
stanily, but the part that comes from the bay flows up and down,
like the ocean, and is salty.
Regarding religious services it may be said that they are held
according to the principles of the reformation, as in our [Swiss]
churches, although with some customs in the English language
not current among us, except at Manigkintown(ol), where the
French Huguenots dwell. There services are held in their own
language. I shall shortly report more about Manigkintown,
which is located on the James River.
Going to church means at some places a trip of more than
thirty miles, but, as can be seen from what follows, it is not a
great hardship, because people are well mounted there. Horses,
which are hardly used for anything else but riding, are half
of
I^Iuuul; uib ur i\i iii'jcuns, a Lriiju uivv;iys> uu-iluc lu luc i u wn iumo. m
imO they nun'jc'rel 33 bowmen or about 103 individuals; \)\it by 1700,
they had eTii:>rat2i or begone e.xtinct and their lands were given to the
Huguenot colony in Virginia.
m:xlJ •j;vm "io ahi f.
.C2 J^
22 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
"i , deers. They run always in a fast gallop. When services are
t ■ . -i I. ■ ■ '.,, held on Sundays or on other days none goes to church except on
;■.: I •■ ; t ■ horseback. The churches are not all built alike. Most of them
are of timber, without towers or bells. In every county there
are one, two or three churches, according to the population,
, ; ;. whether it is thickly settled or scattered. There are also stone
;i .,.M '. ■. churches, of which I have seen three, built of bricks, especially
li • at Jamestown (3 2), where the church has a tower and a bell.
: ', i;i The other [brick church] is at Williamsburg(33) and the third
',_ <.'... I ^ in Claster [Gloucester] County.
(32)-There is no mention elsewhere of any stone churches in Virginia;
■■''.'■' il* but it is obvious, from the context, that Michel means brick. There
( ^ . L , were more than three brick churches in Virginia at this time.
' ' ' ' ' •' After the first log churches in the fort at Jamestown, several frame
'" ' ones were erected. In 1617, a new church 50x20 feet was built. It was
• , , a fram.e building and probably stood on the site of the later brick church.
When the foundations of the brick church were excavated the walls were
•' '• ' ' found to be three feet thick and to have heavy buttresses. There was
; , , ^ also a tiled chancel unearthed. Within these foundations were discov-
' ; ercd fragments of a 9 inch brick wall, based on round cobble stones.
1 '■'•' Builders and architects who examined it stated that it would not have
sustained a brick wall, and was no doubt the brick under-pirning of a
frame church. This could have been only that of 1617. If this supposi-
''i"; ■ tion is correct, the first American legislature, the Virginia Assembly of
1019. met here. Between 16.39-45, a substantial brick church and tower
, were built. This was burnt by Bacon's men in 1676; but there is good
reason to believe that the low, thick walls did not fall, and that they
were used in the church which was rebuilt soon afterwards. The last
was the church Michel saw. After Jamestown was abandoned it grad-
ually fell to decay; but exactly when it was pulled down to the ground is
not known. There is so much moisture at Jamestown, in soil and atm.cs-
f)here, that any disinterred brickwork left open to the air rajiidly
.< crumbles away. To prevent this a brick structure which is a rem.arkable
' reproduction of the old church was built over the foundations, and by an
ingenious use of hidden concrete piers rnd steel beams, the new structure
■■■ •' though apparently resting on the old foundations does not really do so.
The earth has been cleared away from these foundations inside making
them visible. This building was a present to the Association for the
^ " Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (which owns the grounds at Jam.es-
' ';• town) from the National Society of Colonial Dames. Excavations within
the church showed three tiled chancels, one beneath another, evidently
belonging to the three successive churches.
./ (3.3)-There was a parish and church here in 1632 when the place was
' ■• • ' ' called Middle Plantation. Bruton parish was organized in 1074 and in
, ' 16S3 a brick church (that seen by Michel) was completed. It became
dilapidated and in 1715 a new church, the present one was completed.
Gloucester county had four parishes, Petsworth, Abingdon, Ware and
Kingston. The first three certainly had brick churches (two of them,
Abingdon and Ware, still standing and in regular use); but all were prob-
ably built in the 18th century. The particular church Michel refers to
cannot be identified.
THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 23
The clerical profession in that country is worth visiting, es-
pecially those who are well educated. They arc well respected
and well paid. There are congregations in which every sermon
costs one guinea. Ordinarily members, whether they are few
or many, must make up for the services yearly 16,000 pounds
of tolDacco(34). In addition certain fees are fixed in money for
marriages, baptisms and funerals(35). They have also their
residence and their glebe.
Mr. Blair (3 6) is Bishop in this country, and also president in
the Council or Parliament. He is a learned, sensible and well-
to-do man. Together with others I had some business with
him. He showed us much courtesy and kindness. Nor can
I pass by in silence the many kind acts I experienced from a
certain Mr. Foes(37), a Frenchman by birth. He has two
churches to take care of. He has lived for thirteen years in
this country as an English clergyman. Through a marriage
with a widow, who died soon afterwards, he has amassed large
means. There are also some Catholics, who can hold their
religious services in Maryland. But there are only a few of
them.
(31r)-This statement is supported by Jones, Present State of Virginia,
London 1721, p. 71: "The salary of the Minister is yearly 16000, and in
some parishes 20000 1. of Tobacco."
(35)-The fees, according to Jones, 1. c, p. 72, were: "20 s. for every
wedding by license, and 5 s. for every wedding by Banns, with 40 s. for
a funeral sermon, which most of the middling people will have."
(36)-Jam.e3 Blair, D. D., A. M., University of Edinburgh 1673, came to
Va. in 1685, v.'as minister of Henrico parisl^ for nine years, then reaioved
to Jamestown, where he was for some years the minister. In lOSO he
v/as appointed Commissary of the Bishop of London in V'a., end being
most influential in founding Wm. & Mary College was chosen its first
President in 1692. In 1710 he was appointed minister of Bruton parish,
was appointed m.ember of the Council of State of Va. 1GS9, was long
President of that body, and as such was acting governor Dec. 1740- July
25, 1741. He died April IS, 1743.
(37)-Rev. Stephen Fouace came to Virginia in 16S8, and was minister
of York-Hampton parish. In 1692 he was one of the first trustees of
Wm. & Mary College; but returned to England in 1702, and died at Bed-
font, Middlesex.
m
24. . . VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
Regarding the government(38). The governor, sent by the
English King for six years or even longer, is appointed as his
viceroy. He rules absolutely in the name of the king. A
Parliament has been associated with him, which serves him with
help and counsel. The members are selected from the most
respected men in the country. They are usually those who fill
the highest offices.
After this supreme authority follows the semi-annual Court
or Assembly. These are two chosen, honorable and able men,
from every county who remain usually from two to three weeks
with the governor. They decide those things that are not of the
highest importance. Each one receives one hundred pounds of
tobacco daily as long as he stays. The county must pay the
costs, just as in the case of the religious establishment.
Then follows lastly the monthly Court. Each county namely
has a court or house of assembly, where every householder is
obliged to appear at the specified time, in order to assist in
settling difficulties which one m.ay have with the other. But
if no settlement can be made in this assembly, it is submitted
to the semi-annual assembly, and if it cannot be settled there,
an ai^peal is taken to the parliament as the last court, from
whicli no further appeal is possible. But if it is an insignificant
dispute or accident there is in every county a justice of the peace.
But if the dispute cannot be settled by him, it is reported to the
above-named courts.
This country, as far as it is settled, is divided into twelve
parts, called counties(39). The first is call ed Cl a ster [Glou-
(3S)-The statements of Michel regarding the government of Virginia
are inadequate and inaccurate. The appointment of the governor ran
"during pleasure" ofthe Crown (Beverley, History, Book IV, p. 2). There
Vv'as associated with him the General Assembly, made up of the Upper
House consisting of the Governor and twelve Councillors, who had execu-
tive power, and of the Lower House of Burgesses, two delegates from
every county. The General Court consisted of the Governor and th.e
twelve councillors, which met twice a year, in April and October, for
eighteen days. The County Courts consisted of eight or more Justices
of the Peace in each countv. (See Beverley, History, Book IV, Chapter
VI). In civil cases an apo'eal from the General Court to the Queen and
Council in England was possible in certain instances, see Beverly, History,
Book IV. p. 21.
(39)-The number of counties in Virginia in 1702 was twenty-five. See
Beverley, //ii/orv, who gives a tabular list of all the counties for the year
1702, witli the acres of land, the number of souls, of titheablcs. of womicn
and children, of the militia, and the names of the parishes in each county.
According to him the total number of souls in 1702 was 00,003, the tithe-
ablcs 25,023, the m.ilitia 9,522 and 31 parishes.
.f.
THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. . .' . 25
cester] County, the second York, the third New Kent, the
fourth King and Queen, the fifth Stratfort, the sixth Charles,
the seventh City County, the other five have escaped my mem-
ory. These counties appear to be very large and populous,
t)ut although the number of people is unknown to me, it can be
estimated from three facts. In the first place, there are said
to be about 20,000 negroes or black people, of whom I shall re-
port more at another place. Secondly, I have traveled through
most of this country and have seen the large number of people.
And lastly at the Lime the Queen was proclaimed six counties
were called to muster, when about 2000 men responded. I .shall
soon relate how this proclamation was miade. The governor
made his residence at Jamestown(40), situated on the James
River. It is one of the largest and most beautiful places in the
country, although it does not have more than thirty-five houses.
Four years ago the late King William ordered at Middle Planta-
tion, v.'hi.ii i ; now called Williamisburg in his honor, a large
building, a so-called Collcgc(4r), together with a State House(42)
to be erected. He contributed 4000 guineas to it. The gover-
nor now resides there. It is, moreover, because of the con-
venient place or situation, and also because of the many
(-t'J)-The rest- aches of Mr. S. H. Vonge ("Site ot Old Jamestown"),
show tliat the e irliest s^overnors houses were east of the present church-
yard in what was called the "Newtown." Various houses were occupied,
but the site of the house in which the governor resided in Michel's time
is not known.
(tl)-The charter of Wm. & Mary College was dated Feb. 8, 1693. The
design for the building to be erected at Williamsburg contemplated a
rectangular structure two stories and a half high, 136 feet long and 40 feet
wide, with two wings, each 60x23 feet inside measurement. The build-
ing was completed about 1700 (when the first commencement was held),
and several sessions of the Assembly were held in it; but on Oct. 29, 17C5
it was burnt, only the sturdy walls remaining. It was soon rebuilt.
Michel saw the original building.
(42)-The capitol at Williamsburg was at the eastern end of Duke of
Gloucester street It consisted of two buildings, 75 feet long, inside
measurement, connected by a gallery with rooms above it. The whole
was of the shape of the letter H. The buildings were two stories and a
half high with a hip roof. One end of each building was semi-circular,
and at this end of each was a room, 50 feet long, on the first floor, for the
Burgesses ond Council. A detailed description may be found in "Will-
iamsburg The Old Colonial Capitol," by Dr. Lyon G. Tyler. The Capi-
tol was complet("<l in 1704; but was burnt in 1746, and another erected on
the same site which was completed in 1752. The foundations can still be
seen.
j.r'
rn ,21
2G ' VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
:■': • 'if ; • springs(43) which are there, a larj^e place, where a city is in-
;;• -.,.,! tended and staked out to be built. There are at present, be-
'; • ;•, sides the Church, College and State House, together with the
' • r .M residence of the Bishop, some stores and houses of gentlemen,
\ . and also eight ordinaries or inns, together with the maga-
,'..<:. \ . zinc(44). More dwellings will be built year after year. This
' : ; place lies between the James and the York rivers, six miles from
!,..., •- •; Jamestown and ten miles from Yorktown. The youth is in-
' i . structed in the higher branches in the College there. But, be-
j. ' ■'■ .] '■ < cause most of the people live far away, only the more well-to-
!'i i do parents, who have the means, can secure boarding for their
^ ; sons there, which costs yearly twenty guineas. There are about
forty students there now. Before this it was customary for
■ . ,, ■ .. wealthy parents, because of the lack of preceptors or teachers,
• to send their sons to England to study there. But experience
. , 1 , showed that not many of them came back. Most of them died
. , , of small-po:_\45), to which sickness the children in the West are
, ■, subject.
Regarding the military organization it may be said that the
,,, governor is the general. The present one is a distinguished
man and a good soldier(46). This he showed in person, as
stated, in the sea-battle four years ago with the pirates, not far
r from Quiquedam in the Bay, when he rescued the ship "Indian
King" after fierce resistance.
Then follow the colonels, of whom there are twelve in the
( , country. They are conspicuous, rich men, v/ho allow themselves
.- ; : , ^ , to be used for police as well as military duty. When they are in
•' service, they have a salary. At other times it is an honorary
, ,,. title, like that of major and captain, as it is in our country
..H-. 1 [Switzerland]. Thus the people are summoned when neces-
sary. No fort or soldiers are kept in the country, because the
V. •. • inhabitants protect themselves. They are on horseback most
• 1.. (43)-Jones in his Presettt Stale, p. 31, refers also to the "excellent
springs of good water" in Williamsburg.
' .--., ■ (44)-The "magazine" was a "large octagon tower," used as "a reposi-
„, , tory of arms and ammunition," cf. Jones, Present Stale, p. 31. It is still
standing.
', (15)-Jones, Present Slate, p. 46, corroborates tliis statement. More
I sons would be sent to England, he says, "were they not afraid of the
, Small-Pox, which rrost commonly proves fatal to them."
(4G)-The governor of Virginia in 1702 was Col. Francis Nicholson.
:u
THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL, 27
of the time, anned with carbines, pistols and swords. They are
divided into cavalry or dragoon squadrons, and also some in-
fantry. But they are very inexperienced in military training
or manoeuvers, which are unheard of in this country, much
less attended. There are indeed every year two and even three
musters, when the guns are examined and the most necessary
things are reviewed. At first there were fierce and numerous
battles with the aborigines, namely the wild Indians. In par-
ticular can I not pass by with silence how the country was first
settled by Christians in the reign of Queen Elizabeth(47).
This happened as follows: The captain of a ship, whose name
I have forgotten, sailed by this country. He made as careful
inquiries as possible, saw the many kinds of lofty trees, the
beautiful streams, the good soil and that there was an abundance
of game, birds and fish. After his return [to England] he re-
ported to the Queen that this was a very advantageous country
to settle. In consequence of his elaborate report, the command
was issued to gather together all the criminals, and who else
had come into the land, in the whole kingdom, whose number
was 400. They were taken on board of a ship, provided with
all kinds of provisions, necessary for life and war. The ship
left England in the year 1530 [15S5]. After the lapse of several
months they made a safe landing in this country. They took
along their provisions, arms and ammunition. They were
shown where they were to settle and build their cabins. They
were commanded to stay together there and to guard the place
with breastworks or pallisades, so that, if something should
happen, they could defend themselves better. They were
promised that they would be visited again within a year and the
additional promise was made that they could rely upon the
favor and assistance of the Queen. They were well satisfied
with that and began to build their cabins. Meanwhile the ship
returned to England, after the settlers had been provided with a
(47)-The following story of the three expeditions must be based on
oral statements, which Michel heard. It is too inaccurate to go back to
any printed history. It is an interesting instance of how tradition dis-
torts history. The story is an echo of the three colonies sent out under
Raleigh, 1585-1589. Sec Beverley, History, Book I, pp. 1-10; Winsor,
Crilical History,, Vol. Ill, pp. 105-120.
28 ■'' VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. '
physician, with the report that they [the settlers] had been safely
landed and that there was no apprehension that after a year's
time they would not be found alive and in good condition.
Meanwhile they gathered up in England all persons, who were
dangerous and burdensome to the country, about 800 of them,
who like the first were supplied with all kinds of provisions and
implements. With these they sailed, upon the order of the
Queen, in two ships, to strengthen the above meniioned 400,
and to make a beginning with a new colony. They had a long
and troublesome journey. But finally they landed, expecting
to encamp with the above-mentioned settlers, in order to learn
from them how they had fared thus far. To their great con-
sternation they found no one, not even a trace of their labors.
They were much surprized and fearful that there might be
Indians near by. They concluded to supply themselves with
provisions for several days and, following the river, to march
into the country, in the hope of finding a trace of their people.
But they were unable to find anything" except an immense quan-
tity of game of all kinds. Finally they saw from a mountain
smoke and thought they might find there what they were looking
for, namely their people. But when they reached the place
they found nothing but a large fire that had been made there,
around which they found game and other th'.igs. From these
and other indications they were able to conclude that the
Indians had been there. They then believed that their people
had been surprized by the Indians. In time they learned that
they had been killed by the InQians(48), for, when they fought
with them later, they found many things among the Indians
which had been taken from the four hundred.
Then the others withdrew after this discovery, hoping that
if they would attack them again, they could take vengeance for
their lost people. They enclosed their settlement at once with
pallisades. At the same time several small pieces of cannon
from the ship were left with them, which they placed in the most
favorable position. They also kept good watch. The ship,
(4S)-The first colony was taken back to England by .Sir Francis Drake,
but when Sir Walter Raleigh sent the ne.xt expedition which did not
find tliem, he thought they were all destroyed by the Indians. Beverly,
Hii,tory, Book I, p.' 9.
nojufi. J
THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 29
after leaving the people in a good position and after promising
to return in a little time with further assistance, left the land,
after commending them to the protection of the Most High.
They returned safely to England, and reported how they had
found matters. Meanwhile the Indians came again to surprize
the settlers at night, but they met such a reception that many
of them were left on the place. Afterwards they returned no
naore.
In England meanwhile a third expedition of volunteers and
others, men as well as women, was fitted out on four ships.
They all arived safely in this country among their people, which
caused rejoicing on both sides. They undertook at once an
expcdiiion against the Indians, whom they defeated several
times, althougli they were frequently the weaker party. Of
this I could write more at length, but I shall endeavor to be
brief. From that time on more people were imported yearly,
and tlicy also increase here. The country has expanded in such
a manner that it is surprizing. It will also continue to enlarge
every year, because there is no lack of land. The farther they
push inland, the better and more productive the soil is found
to be.
Regarding the military equipment it should be mentioned
that, since three years ago, warships lie at anchor not far from
Ouiqucdam. Whenever pirates are noticed they must, accord-
ing to miiiitar) orders, attend to their duty. They are usually
two to four in number.
Now as to the condition of the land. It consists of hills,
vaHcys and plains, which arc by nature covered with high trees,
whose kinds and names I shall soon mention. The soil is
mostly light and partly sandy, except at Manigkinton, where
it is black and heavy. The aborigines, namely the Indians,
had reason to choose this place for their settlement. Their
city, called Manikinton by them, stood there. To-day there
is a red, rough stone, standing four feet out of the ground, where
at certain times they held religious services, as they supposed.
What has become known to me of their religious beliefs, I shall
report, when I describe their arrival in Williamsburg. Beside
the above mentioned stone there are also mulberry and peach
■f3© . VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
'u^ 1' trees planted there. About thirty years ago they still dwelt
.-■\ '• there. But when they inflicted some injury upon the Christians,
"•■''••- ' Colonel Bomn(49), who is still alive and who was then living
on the frontier, namely at Falensgrig [Falling Creek], as soon
as he heard of this ravage, mounted at once his company (he was
then captain) and attacked the Indians boldly (who had prom-
•. . ised obedience but had not kept it) . He soon overcame them
after some resistance and put all of them to the sword, without
v; sparing any one. He also destroyed their settlement and what-
.. ever they owned. For this service the then king of England
granted him the whole district between his land and this place,
which extends twenty -five miles in length and eighteen miles in
width. Those Indians who were not at home or escaped, still
camp during the summer not far from their former home.
Regarding the fruitfulness of the country it may be said that
almost everything grows that is put into the ground. Es-
pecially tobacco is the principal article there, with which trade
is carried on. It passes for money, because gold and silver are
seldom seen there, especially among the common people. All
purchases or payments are made in tobacco. It is planted in
such quantities that this year 150 ships, large and small, but not
more than twenty small ones among them, left the country
laden with tobacco. Merchants pass up and down through the
country. They have their store houses or magazines filled with
all kinds of goods which are needed there. When the inhabi-
tants need something, they go to the nearest merchant, who gives
them what they want. It is recorded according to agreement.
When the tobacco is ripe, the merchant arrives to take what is
(49)-Prof. von Mulinen has very kindly verified the reading of this
nan-ie. The original, he says, has undoubtedly Bornn It is, however,
probable that Michel misunderstood the name or failed to remember
ot correctly. He describes an event that happened before his time.
• "Col. Born" is probably intended for Col. Wm. Byrd, who owned much
land on Falling Creek, though he lived at the site of the present Rich-
mond. He received no such grant as Michel describes; but in April IG79,
! ! I the General Assembly granted him a tract of land five miles long and three
miles wide lying on both sides of James River at the falls, on condition
that he kept 50 armed men there as settlers. It is possible, though not
, ■ at all probable, that Michel may refer to Col. Wm. Claiborne, who
thou'/h he neither owned land nor resided near Falling Creek, was a dis-
tinguished Indian fighter. There was a certificate of his valor, dated
March 17, 1G77, formerly on record at King William C. H.
.S;
0?'
THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 31
coming to birn. A hundred [pounds] are usually reckoned at
twenty shillings. When the rainy season comes, the tobacco
is packed .solidly, one leaf above the other, into a barrel which
holds or weighs from 700 to 1000 pounds. It is a laborious job,
demanding much care. Tobacco is planted after the soil has
been prepared. Then with a broad hoe the soil is loosened on
top and made into round little heaps, six feet apart. It is
planted in rainy weather. When it is fully grown it spreads
so much that all the plants touch each other. It grows best in
new il, but tlie land miust be very good if it is to bear tobacco
for L.vcnty years. However, it is not done. Hence the in-
habitants do not live close together and the country is not
settled in villages, because every twenty or thirty years new
ground must be broken. A settler who has a piece of land, di-
vides it into tbiree parts, the first for tobacco and com, the
second and third parts as meadows for his cattle and as forest,
if he needs wood. When the tobacco field does not want to
bear any more, he sows com in its place. After six or eight
years it does not yield com any more. Then he lets it lie fallow
and takes up the second part and so forth. A workman must
plant yearly from 15 to 2000 pounds of tobacco, besides six or
eight barrels of corn.
As to corn, the "Wirden"(50) or Turkish com is grown in
most cases. It is so productive that it yields fifty to a hundred
fold. It makes pretty good bread. It is also pounded and
cooked, called liumin [hominy]. Its flour is taken arid cooked
thick in water. Then it is put into milk. It is mostly the food
of servants. The flour is also frequently taken and a thick
dough is made out of it with water. Then, by means of a hot
fire and many coals, it is baked in a little while(51). When the
com is planted, a small hole is made and three or four grains are
put into it. Then they are covered with ground. Like the
tobacco they are always planted six feet apart. This grain is
(50)-This is the reading of the word, as confirmed by Prof, von Mulinen
after renewed examination. What it means is not known to the trans-
lator. Pie tlicught at first of "Welsh" com. Eut the original appar-
ently does not adm.it of that interpretation.
(51)-This corn bread was called pone or ponn, cf. Beverley, History,
Book IV. p. 55f; Falkner, Curieuse Aacl:ricf:t Von Pennsylvania, 1702, p. 28
(see Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Gcrm.an Society, Vol. XIV, p. 143).
ii
x.
18
32 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
!'• ''• '■ raised in great quantities and is used for people and cattle.
The stalks grow over ten and even fourteen feet high and are
■ v. very thick. They bear usually from two to four ears, while
there are three or four stalks to a hole. Throughout the sum-
mer the weeds must be removed from time to time, as in the
case of the tobacco. The ordinary price of this com is two
shillings a bushel, or about two measures as used here [in Swit-
zerland].
': ■ The other kind is wheat, which is planted by every family for
'"■' ' its use, in such places where the cattle have been penned in at
t'' night. After they have been in a field for three or four weeks,
'■>■' '' ■' they are moved to another field. In this way the soil is fer-
■ ' • tilized, for no other manure is used. This grain bears twenty-
>; ■ five fold. It is planted as in our country and it costs in ordinary
years three or four shillings per bushel.
Barley and oats are also planted and they turn out well
usually. The inhabitants pay little attention to garden plants,
except lettuce, although most everything grows here. But
fresh seeds must be imported every year from Europe, for, if
the seed of this country is planted, it turns into the wild kind
again.
The custom of the country, when the harvest is to be gathered
in, is to prepare a dinner, to which the neighbors are invited,
and for which two men have sufficient work to do. There are
often from thirty to fifty persons cutting grain, so that fre-
quently they have work for only two hours
This is one of the principal festivals or times of reioicing.
When I was unable to travel at one time, because of the rain,
I stayed at a house, where they intended to cut wheat that day.
When everything was ready to receive the guests at noon, it
looked in the morning as if the weather was going to be favor-
able. Ten persons had already arrived, when the weather
changed and turned into a violent rain, so that the hope to har-
vest in a few days came to nothing. Fresh m.eat cannot be
kept in summer longer than twenty-four hours, hence the good
pco]5le were compelled, if they did not want to let the sheep and
chicken, which they had prepared, spoil, to entertain us, which
lasted for a day and a half.
7"i(H.
THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 33
Fruit trees are growing in great abundance. I shall describe
them according to their several kinds. The apple trees are
very numerous, most of them not very large nor high, like pear
trees. But they are exceedingly fruitful. I was at many places
this year, where I could not estimate the large quantities which
were rotting. They are the nicest apples that can be seen.
There is a kind somewhat earlier than the others, they are called
Cattalines. They are pointed and of a sour taste. The sum-
mer cider is made of them. A later kind is valued more highly
and, like the first, cider is made of them, which keeps longer
than the other. The gallon or four quarts cost one bit or four
Batzen(52), according to our coin. It is drunk mostly during
the winter. As the common man does not have good cellars,
this drink cannot be kept during the summer, but it turns sour.
There are also pears of all kinds, but they are not as common as
the apples. There are several kinds of peaches, and in such
quantities that people cannot eat the fourth part of them. :. The
rest is fed to the pigs. It should be noted that this fruit ripens
in a few days. Cherries, especially the cultivated cherries, are
found in great abundance, where they are planted. Good wine
is made of them.
All kinds of berries grow in the wilderness and also on the
plantations, in such abundance that it cannot be estimated.
There are also many different kinds, namely of black and white
color. The best are brown, long and large. This berry is
largely eaten by pigs and birds. Whoever has a desire for
berries, does not need to buy them or ask for them, for the
abundance is so great that no one pays any attention to them,
nor are they used very much, because people do not want to
take the trouble to pick them, as they have enough other food.
There are also plums, but they are not common. Also many
other kinds of fruit, but they are not known to me. There is,
especially among the garden plants, a certain kind of beans,
not unlike the Turkish, which is planted with the Indian com (53)
It g rows up a long the stalks and is very productive. It is
(52)-A bit is worth 123^ cents, according to Webster, and a Batzen is
a Swiss nickel coin of the value of ten centimes or two cents.
(5.'5)-The bean planted with the com. "upon whose stalk it sustains it-
self," is also mentioned by Beverly, History, Book II, p. 29.
^
Tllil '-Ki fjUlR
«^d.t nt wo
i*.! )L
34 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
nourishing food. There is another kind which creeps on the
ground. There are also different kinds of peas, planted in the
gardens, but growing also outside of them. Besides, there are
potatoes in great quantities and many kinds of melons. Some
are cooked, others, like the water melons, are eaten raw, since
this fmit is very refreshing in the hot summer because' of its
cool, sweet juice. They are grown in great quantities and one
can get as many as he desires.
The water is no less prolific, because an indescribably large
number of big and little fish are found in the many creeks, as
well as in the large rivers. The abundance is so great and they
are so easily caught that I was much surprized. Many fish
are dried, especially those that are fat. Those who have a line
can catch as many as they please. Most of them are caught
with the hook or the spear, as I know from personal experience,
for when I went out several times with the line, I was surprized
that I could pull out one fish after another, and, through the
clear water I could see a large number of all kinds, whose names
are unknown to me. They cannot be compared with our fish,
except the herring, which is caught and dried in large numbers!
Thus the so-called catfish^is not unlike the large turbot. A very
good fish and one easily caught is the eel, also like those here
[in Switzerland]. There is also a kind like the pike. They
have a long and pointed mouth, with which they like to bite
into the hook. They are not wild, but it happens rarely that
one can keep them on the line, for they cut it in two with their
sharjj teeth. We always had our harpoons (54) and gims with
us \\ hen we went out fishing, and when the fish cam.e near we
shot at them or harpooned them. A good fish, which is com-
mon and found in large numbers, is the porpcise. They are so
large lliat by their unusual leaps, especially when the weather
changes, they make a great noise and often cause anxiety for
the small boats or canoes. Especially do they endanger those
that 1 athe. Once I cooled and amiused myself in the water
v.ith s\Nin-m.irg, rot knovii^g that there was any danger, but
(54)-Michel uses here the peculiar Swiss word "guerre." which
accord in^'to Prof, vcn A'ruhncn, is still used today, in the'form of "Gchr"
or Licer, for a harpoon or spear.
•V
• nn i :' ■ <{»
-v,] -n-
|V ■.>2^^4i
THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 35
my host infonned me that there was. This is only a small part
of what could be told about the fish there, but I could not learn
everything in the short time I was there. The [larger] waters
and especially the tributaries are filled with turtles. They
show themselves in large numbers when it is warm. Then they
come to the land or climb up on pieces of wood or trees lying
in the water. When one travels in a ship, their heads can be
seen everywhere coming out of the water. The abundance of
oysters in incredible. There are whole banks of them so that
the ships must avoid them. A sloop, which was to land us at
Kingscreek, struck an oyster bed, where we had to wait about
two hours for the tide. They surpass those in England by far
in size, indeed they are four times as large. I often cut them in
two, before I could put them into my mouth. The inhabitants
usually catch them on Saturday. It is not troublesome. A
pair of wooden tongs is needed. Below they are wide, tipped
with iron. At the time of the ebb they row to the beds and
with the long tongs they reach down to the bottom. They
pinch them together tightly and then pull or tear up that which
has been seized. They usually pull from six to ten times. In
summer they are not very good, but unhealthy and can cause
fever.
There are frogs in the water, which at night all together, make
a v^'onderful noise. Indeed, if one is not acquainted with it,
it soimds as if the noise or sound was made by people. In the
large waters of the wilderness there is a very large kind. When
they call, their voice can be compared to the bellowing of an ox.
It is not the same but as deep and audible as far. I saw one
on the other side of the water at Manigkinton, which was a foot
long, with an awful head or mouth(55). When he jumped into
the water there was a splash as if one had thrown a pretty large
stone into the water. There are also water snakes and all kinds
of costly animals, which live in the water, such as beavers,
(55)-This sounds incredible. But Beverley in his History, Book IV,
p. 613, tells of a similar story: "Last year I found one of these .bull-frogs
near a Stream of fresh water, of so prodigious a Magnitude, that when
I extended its Leggs, I found the distance betwixt them, to be seventeen
Inches and a half. I am confident six French-Men might have made a
comfortable Meal of its Carcase."
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36 . ,; VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
Otters and muskrats, which smell very agreeably. I left two in
England. The Indians shoot many of these animals. By
means of rum or other more insignificant things one can get
them from them. They can afterwards be sold advantageously
in London, especially the beavers, of which castors(56) are made
in part.
Now I shall again turn to the land and report what animals
are found there, first of all the tame animals. The horses, like
the English breed, are very lightfooted. They never ride them
in a walk, but always in a gallop, as if a deer was running. They
are very ccmm.on. It must be a poor man who cannot afford
one. Not many people can be seen traveling on foot, even if it
is only an hour's distance. They are seldom used to draw
wagons or the plow, because the nature of the country does not
demand it. They cost from three to eight pounds of sterling.
Horned cattle are found in large numbers, so that in summer
time much mulk is used. Butter is also made, as much as is
needed. But m.ost of the people know nothing of cheese.
There were a few who undertook to make it. It was good but
could not be ccmipared to ours. The common farmer has
usually frcm ten to forty heads of cattle. The gentlemen have
about a hundred. There is little trouble taken with cattle, be-
cause they are left the whole year on the meadows. Not even
a stable is built for them, but they are driven into pens, as stated
above, in order to fertilize the ground, where wheat is to be
planted. No hay is stored, for the wmter is not like ours, and
even if it snows a little or is cold, it passes away in a few days.
It is true the poor cattle are at times half frozen and starved, as
I have seen in spring by their bodies. But when the weather
is severe, they are given corn. The north wind is said to blow
very cold. But such weather does not last long, as soon as the
south wind ccmes it is warm again.
Pigs arc found there in such numbers that I was aston-
ishcd(57). Thcv arc not large, but increase s o rapidly that
(56)-Castors are hats made of beaver fur. The Latin word for beaver
is castor.
(,'37)-Bcverky {Hislcry. Book IV, p. SI) puts it more pieturesquely
when he says: "Hog,s swarm like vcrm.in upon the earth, insomuch tha't
when an inventory of a considerable Man's Estate is taken by the E.xecu-
tors, the Hogs arc left cut and not listed in the Appraiscm.ent."
ii
THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 37
their number becomes large in a short time. Their meat or
pork is considered by everybody as the best and most delicate.
Many are taken every year alive to England. As they are fed
with nuts, acorns, berries, apples and corn, they cannot be less
than the best. They must be better than those which are fed
with poorer food. This is shown by the Carolina ham, which
smells after fish, because the pigs there are fed with fish. The
pigs cause no care, as they are always left in the woods near the
house or not far away. They find their food throughout the
whole year. They often do not come home in eight weeks.
But many are lost when they run off into the wilderness. On
the frontiers the bears do some damage. Each farmer has his
mark, with v;liich he marks their ears.
Sheep are raised in constantly increasing numbers. They
thrive well. But, as the necessary workmen are wanting to
use the wool, they are kept only for their meat('58).
Turkeys, geese, ducks and chickens are very common. As to
the game, this land is a real zoological garden, filled to overflow-
ing with all kinds of animals. They might justly be called
half wild, because they do not fight shy of man.
In the first place, stags are very plentiful, deer also. Bears
are found in large numbers. They are not vicious, hence they
are shot without fear. Then there are wild boars and wild
horses; also raccoons, fierce animals like wild cats but larger; and
the "monac"(50), an animal, unknown in this country [Switzer-
land] and not much larger than a cat, but of a different kind.
We had one on our ship, on the return journey, but it died.
Foxes and hares are much smaller than in this country, fox-
squirrels are also numerous, but are more than four times larger
than here and not of the color found here, but grey; also another
kind of squirrel, like those above, but smaller. Furthermore,
ground-squirrels, but they are very small and of brown color,
more like mice. The fourth and last kind are bats, very small
(58)-This statement is corroborated by Beverley, History, Book IV,
p. 64. The deficiency was, however, soon supplied. In 1721 Jones men-
tions (Present Slate, p. 41) wool from Leominster being "near as good as
any."
(59)-The monac or moonack, is according to Webster, a word of Indian
oriL;in (cf. Delaware, monachgen). It is a dialectical word used for the
woodchuck or groundhog, the marmota monax.
38 . VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
and pretty, of brown color, but with white belly. They fly only
in the evening or at night. Instead of wings they have skin
over their toes which they spread when they fly.
The feathered game is very common and tame. The first is
properly the eagle. Then comes the turkey, whose number is
very great. It is a large bird, which weighs from twenty to
forty pounds. Many of them are shot because of the fine meat.
The first two which I met in the woods, I thought I could over-
take with running without shooting them. But when I came
near them, they ran so fast that I could not catch up with them.
Finally they flew away. Wild geese and ducks, together with
all kinds of snipes and waterfowl, are very numerous during the
winter season. They are unlike those here [in Switzerland] in
size and color. They are not wild. No hunter will shoot at
one or two of them, but they are hunted in uncounted numbers.
Patiidges are also numerous and tame. It is not an uncommon
sight to see them eating with the chickens. They are smaller,
but excel them in the fineness of their meat. I was surprized
to see them sitting on trees and hear them sing. I have shot
many of them for their good meat and because they are found
everywhere, but never only one of them. Regarding the others
I must confess that I do not know their names, because they
are not like the European birds. One species Is as large as a
finch, of scarlet color, another is blue, others green and others
have variegated colors, wonderfully mixed. Then there is a
little bird, somewhat larger than a hornet, which always hovers
over flowers(60). When one looks at its wonderful colors, one
cannot help being surprized. Another kind is also worthy of
observation, because it has aurora color mixed with red. The
noxious birds are like a species of blackbird, which do not a
little damage when the com is sown and cut. They come in
incredibly large numbers. At such times the fields must be
guarded. But that docs not help much. When they are
chased from one field they fly to another. They fear people
hardly at all. Hence it happens that fields must often be sown
three times. They even pick it out of the ground after it has
sprouted. The most valuable species, because of their song,
(60)-The humming bird is meant.
.,f.....T. .-'
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THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 39
are the "mocketbort" [mocking bird], which are sold in England
for two guineas and more. They can be compared to the
nightingale, because, they change their sweet song in many
different ways. They are not unlike a shrike (61). The "noise-
maker" comes to the houses in spring. He screams at night
with such a loud voice and so continuously that, if one is not
accustomed to it, one can hardly sleep. I could catch a sight
of many other species and still others I have forgotten.
Poisonous animals did not become known to me, except the
so-called rattle snakes, a species which is large and much feared.
They stay most generally at swampy places. When angry they
rattle with their tail as if it were a bell. When they bite any-
body he has to die. There is no help for him. Only the Indians
know the secret, but they don't want to make it known (62).
If one can come to them in time, they can cure him at once. At
one occasion I traveled with some others from Manigkinton on
a wet, rainy day. Seven miles from that place we came across
such a snake in the forest, l^ing on the road. We had not seen
any thus far. As we were looking at it, it rattled with the tail
as wiih a bell (63), and, since we had heard that such were of the
dangerous kind, we went back and intended to avoid it. Then it
rose partly on its tail and we thought that it would attack us
every moment. One man who was with me ran off. I had my
gun ready to fire, but, as there was only one bullet in it, I was
afraid to miss. Hence I turned slowly away. There is another
large snake, but it is not poisonous like the one just mentioned.
It is so delicate that one needs only to strike it gently on the
head with a slick to kill it instantly.
In the hottest part of summer it is troublesom.e to travel
because of vermin (64). Hence no one can lie or sleep on the
(61 )-Michel uses here the Swiss word "Dorn-Aegerste," which, accord-
ing to Prof, vcm Miilinen, is the great "shrike," the Lanius excubitor.
(62)-Beverlcy, History Book IV, p. 04, says on the contrary that "the
remedies are so well known that none of their servants are ignorant of
them." At another place (Book II, p. 23) he mentions Rattle-Snake-
Root, as effectually curing the bite of a rattle snake.
(63)-The peculiar Swiss word "Rollin" is here used by Michel, which,
according to Prof, von Miilinen, is a kind of a bell.
(64)-The san:e fact is expressed more strikingly by Beverly, History,
Book IV, p. 62:"'.A11 annoyances and inconveniences of the Country n'ay
fairly be summed up under these three Heads, Thunder, Heat and troub-
lesome Vermin."
40-;, .M. VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. • ;
'one ground, because so many vermin have crawled over the same,
since the creation, that it is poisoned so to speak, for experience
,' ... shows that those who work with bare feet in new soil are often
t . . poisoned all over.
',,,.. In summer the mosquitoes are very annoying. Rains are
usually warm and the sun has such power that, when something
is planted, it grows in a short time. It is astonishing to see a
. : , thing, half grown or half ripe one day, reaching ripeness in a
few days. The fruits are all ripe much earlier than in this
country [Switzerland]. But this year everything has been very
late compared with other years. The trees began to blossom in
April. Half of June, July and August were very hot, so that
one thought the air was on fire in some places and people were
parched with thirst. But the cool springs are very refreshing
at that time. Their water is not inferior to ours. If one desires
a drink at that time, half a vessel of cold water is taken, sugar
is put in with some vinegar and nutmeg, together with some
good glasses full of rum. At times they mix in some lemon.
It is a good drink. One could easily get drunk from it. It is
called Pons [punch]. A tanl<ard or half quart costs from four
to six "Batzen."
Thc-y have also severe thunderstorms, such as we saw this
year in June at Yorktown, when a ship, lying there at anchor,
was covered with waves, which broke over the deck. The car-
penter was in the sailor's cabin, the door was locked. There
were two loopholes in the wall. Against one he placed his
shoulder, which became black and burnt by the heat. At the
other hole lay his axe, whose head was melted by the heat,
which many people came to see(65).
: : TciTible winds, called hurricanes frequently come with such
violence and force that people often fear that houses and trees
will have to give way. But they are soon over. One can see
and hear them come. Corn and other grain is often blown ofT
. ■ the fields. The winter is not long nor cold. Not much snow
falls. The cattle, as stated before, can stay outside, on the
' ' _ meadows, all the time, because they do not make hay. The
north wind is said to be very cold in winter, but it does not last
(65)-This is of course a sailor's yam.
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OjIJ mo .:jf.l.i\> y<,(p jf
THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 41
long. As soon as the south wind blows it is warm again. One
can see trees split and bent through the cold. But it does not
stay so long. During that time they make huge fires in the big
fire places. There is as much wood as one desires at the
door(G6).
Regarding wild [forest] trees, it may be said justly that none
can be found which are superior to them. I rightly regai-d as
first the cedar tree, which is very common. The governor of
late fenced in a garden. The trees were all cedars, whose wood
is very durable. There is, furthermor, a kind of wood or spice,
of saffran color, whose name I have forgotten. This wood is cut
into chips. They are cooked afterwards and drunlc. Every
year much of it is exported to England. The tall, wild nut
trees [walnuts] are very useful for building purposes, if fine work
is desired. It is of brown color. This tree bears a fruit like
our beech trees, but larger. It cannot be opened without a
nail. The pigs usually eat them. There are chestnuts at some
places, but they are small. The most numerous and the largest
trees are the oaks. There are also very tall and straight red
pines. White pines I have not seen, and also only one beech
tree. The little boats, called canoes, are usually a trunk of a
tree hollowed out. From six to ten persons can ride in them
comfortably. Besides the trees mentioned there are many other
species unknown to me by name. They blossom beautifully.
Some of them are not like the trees here either in wood or in
foliage, nor are they difficult to cut. The branches do not start
way down the trunk, but far up. On one occasion a sloop or
canoe came from Carolina. It was made of one piece, its size
was astonishing. It had two sails and carried forty barrels of
pork. The forests are very convenient to ride or hunt in. The
trees are far apart, with no undergrowth on the ground, so that
one can ride anywhere on horseback. The game is easily dis-
covered, because of the openness of the forest. The hunting
of the Indians he lps not a little to clear the forests and pastures.
(60j-Almost the identical expression is used by Beverley, History, Book
II, p. 9: "Wood grows at every Man's Door."
(67)-This "fire hunting" of the Indians is described more at length
by Beverley, History, Book II, p. 39.
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42 * I "'""' VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
It takes place in October, in the following manner(67) : From
twenty to forty persons and often more gather and make a
circle, assigning to each a certain section in the circle. After-
wards each sets fire to the foliage and underbrush, which
through the heat is dried up. The flames devour everything
before them, until finally the area is much narrowed and the
game, fleeing before the fire and the smoke, is driven together
to a small space, around which the hunters stand, shooting down
everything. Then they take only the skins and as much of the
meat as they need. The rest they leave to decay. This is their
great hunt. They are good shots. They do not hold the rifle
as we do. Their left hand takes hold of the barrel as far for-
ward as possible. Thus they direct it mostly with the left hand.
I shall soon report more about them.
The wild horses are hunted (68) in April and May, at the time
of the year when, being famished after the winter, they fill
themselves with the fresh grass to such an extent that they be-
come lazy and are unable to run. The English place their
best horses for four or five weeks into the stable, feed them with
oats. Then they mount and ride their horses in companies
while they hunt them. They are soon found, because they run
about in large numbers. As soon as they are sighted, they are
chased. They can stand the running for some time, but are
finally overtaken by the horses that have been fed with oats.
They are then caught, kept for a time with the tame horses
and broken in. They develop great endurance. They are
grey, but not quite as tall as the others. Their meat is good to
eat. They are also caught in pits. When it is known v/hich
way they go to the water, a deep pit is dug, which is covered
slightly. When the horse passes over it, it falls down and can't
get out again, until it is bound with ropes and pulled out. There
are people who make their living by this practice.
Turtles of different kinds are found in the woods. They are
gathered and eaten by the negroes or slaves. The largest
which I have seen was like a small hat in circumference. They
(68)-The hunting of wild horses, "which young people take great de-
light in," is also described by Beverley, History, Book IV, p. 75f.
, f >' 'a
TioiL* •>• {T .iTin '>* :;!diinu oifi
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J . THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 43
are of various colors and very beautiful. There is especially
a small species, which is found in large numbers on roads,
mostly of a yellow color. They are most beautifully decorated.
I took one of them with me and used it on board of ship as a
drinking cup.
This is the small amount of information which I can give
about things in general. There are many other facts regarding
them unlcnown to me. \-':\' oy '^\..,\ ":,i
(To be Continued)
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44 . ., VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
THE VIRGINIA FRONTIER IN fflSTORY— 1778.
By David I. Bushnell, Jr.
IV. Events Leading to the Treaty of Fort Pitt
The winter of 1777-1778 was one of the darkest periods in the
history of the western frontiers of Virginia and Pennsylvania.
The death of Cornstalk on November 10 had caused his followers
to assume a more restive attitude, and thus endangered the
scattered settlements beyond the Blue Ridge. Northward, on
the border of Pennsylvania, small bands of hostile warriors
reached the settlements eastward from Fort Pitt and did great
damage: destroying property and killing the settlers. About
this time a letter was sent by Col. Lochry, Lieutenant of the
county of Westmoreland, to Thomas Wharton (1) setting forth
the grave perils surrounding the outlying posts. The original
letter is in the Library of Congress (Pennsylvania State Papers,
No. 09, Vol. 1, folio 437). The letter follows:
"Honoured Sir:
"The distressed situation of our country is such that we have
no prospect but desolation and destruction. The whole coun-
try on the north side of the road, from the allegany mountains,
is all kept close in forts, and can get no subsistance from their
plantations. — they have made application to us, requesting to
be put under pay and receive rations; and as we can see no other
way to keep the people from flying and letting the country be
evacuated, we were obliged to adopt their measures, requesting
your excellency to give the necessary orders to enable us to put
them in execution — if these very measures is not adopted I see
no other method that can secure the people from giving up the
country — these people, whilst they support t hese frontier posts,
1-Thomas Wharton was born in 1735, and died May 22, 1778. On
March 5, 1777 he was inaugurated as President of Pennsylvania and
held that office until his death.
.SM.-
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VIRGINIA FRONTIER IN HISTORY. 46
are certainly serving the publick, and certainly cannot continue
long so to do, unless supported by the publick. Lieutenant
Colonel Charles Campble and four other persons are made
prisoners on the waters of black legs creek, (2) four other men
killed and scalped near the same place, one man kil'd near
Wallaces(3) fort on conemaugh; eleven others person killed
and scalped at Palmers(4) fort and near Ligonier, amongst
which is Ensign Wood. At the place where Colo. Campble was
made prisoner four rascally proclamations was left by the
savages, by the Governor of detroit, requesting all persons to
come to him or any other of the governors occupied by his
majestys troops, and they should receive pay and lodgings as
they rank with us. Every private for encouragement to have
two hundred acres of land. In short there is very few days
there is not some Murder committed on some part of our
frontiers. If your excellency will please to adopt our meastires
and give the necessary orders for putting them in execution, I
hope with divine assistance, we shall be able to hold the country
till we are enabled by the more effectual measures ; that is carry-
ing on an expedition in their country. We have likewise ven-
tured to erect two Stockade forts at Ligonier and Hanna'stown
at the public expence, with a store house in each, to secure both
publick and prviate property in, and be a place of retreat for the
suffering frontiers in case of necessity; which I flatter myself
will meet with your excellencys approbation — and beg leave to
subscribe myself Your excellencys
"Westmoreland, 4*^^ Nov. 1777 most Obliged
To his excellency most humble servant
Thomas Wharton, jr. Pres. A. Lochry. Lieut"
2-ln The American Gazetteer, by Jedidiah Morse, Boston, 1797, is
the following brief note which may refer to this creek: "Black Lick,
lie? in Westmoreland co. Pennsylvania, about 3G miles E. of Pittsburg."
3-Wallace's Fort. "The Fort was erected on the farm of Richard
Wallace, who was one of the first settlers in that part of Derry township
in Westmoreland county, which lay between the old Forbe.'^ road and the
Conemaugh river. * * * This fort was the place of resort and refuge for the
inhabitants of the frontiers l.sing north of the Old Road and east of
Hannastown and Fort Hand al! through the Revolution; and particularly
for those who lived along the Conemaugh river and north of that as far
as settlements were made." Report of the Commissioners to locate
the site of the Frontier Forts of Pennsylvania, 1S9G. Vol. II, p. 344 ct seq.
4-P.nlmer's fort, or stockade, stood in Fairfield township, Westmore-
land countv.
^
■:'■ ,f: 'I.
oi byiuJ
46 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
In the same volume of manuscripts is a communication from
; , the Council of Safety to the Delegates in Congress, in which
reference is made to the receipt of the preceding letter. It is
dated from Lancaster, November 14, 1777, and from it the
following quotations are made:
"Sir:
, "This Council is applied to by the people of the County of
Westmoreland in this Commonwealth with the most alarming
Complaints of Indian Depredations. The letter of which the
inclosed is a copy will give you some Idea of their present situa-
tion. We are further informed by verbal accounts, that an
Extent of 60 Miles has been evacuated to the savages, full of
Stock, Com, Hoggs & Poultry, that they had attacked Palmer's
Fort about 7 miles distant from Fort Ligonier(5) without
success; and from the infonnation of White Eyes(6) and others
:, circumstances; it is feared Fort Ligonier has by this time been
attacked. There is likewise reason to fear the Savages will
, . extend to Bedford county and along the frontiers. We shall
order out the Militia of Bedford county and take such other
steps as may be immediately necessary for the relief of these
settlements, but we find they are greatly deficient in the article
of aiTns, and especially ammunition and flints. In fort Lig-
. . onier, when our informants left it, there was not more than forty
poimds of powder and fifteen pounds of lead, flints are sold at a
: , ^ dollar a piece. We know not the situation of Gen. Hand, (7)
^v . , his forces or his views; but we have reserv^ed the militias of Bed-
1 . , ford & Westmoreland, for the purpose of co-operating with him
., ,, ,;. in those parts of the states, & the neighbourhood."
The letter from the Council of Safety was refeiTcd to a com-
mittee in congress which reported six days later. A copy of the
report was imm ediately sent to Virginia. This copy of the
5-"Fort Ligonier lies on the road from Philadelphia to Pittsburg; 266
miles from the former and 54 from the latter, and 9 miles from the E.
' -^Z • side of Laurel Hill." (Morse, Jedidiah, op. cit.) A fort had been
1 erected here by the British during the French and Indian war.
6-White Eyes, a chief of the Delaware and friend of the Americans.
He was succeeded by Killbuck.
7-General Edward Hand was at this time in command of the Western
Department, with headquarters at Fort Pitt.
.aKi5f>
VIRGINIA FRONTIER IN HISTORY. '• ' "47
report, together with Governor Henry's letter transmitting it
to the General Assembly, are preserved in the Virginia State
Library, Riclimond, and are given below: - ." ■
"Dec'5*M777 -
"Sir.
"I beg Leave to communicate to the general Assembly, the
Resolutions of Congress & the letter from M"" Laurens, which
accompany this. I also enclose you a Letter from General
Washington & have the Honor to be
Sir "' ■ / - ■ ^ ■■
Your most obedient ' '
Servant
P. Henry"
On the back of the letter is the address: "The Hon'ble George
Wythe Esq'', Speaker of the House of Delegates," and the sub-
scription "Commissioners for indian affairs at Fort Pitt —
Detroit."
The document received from Congress is in a perfect state of
preservation, and is of great interest:
"In Congress: Nov^ 20: 1777 —
"The committee, to whom the letter of the 14 : from the coun-
cil of safety of Pennsylvania & the letters from fort Pitt were
refen-ed, report:
"That an inroad has been made on the Western frontiers of
Virginia & Pennsylvania, by some savage tribes of Indians,
wherein a number of helpless people have been cruelly mass-
acred, & the pcaceble inhabitants driven from their homes, &
reduced to great distress: That from a number of papers stiled
proclamations, under the hand and seal of Henry Hamilton,
lieut. gov' of fort Detroit, left by the Indians, where they com-
mitted their murders, & of which there is one, now in the pos-
session of the committee, as well as from other information &
circi-imstances, it appears, that these savages have been insti-
gated by the British agent and emissaries & particularly, by the
said Henry Hamilton to this barbarous & murderous war —
"The committee apprehend. That so long as that post con-
tinues to be garrisoned by British troops, who are restrained
\k
n: .-;(
'Pi
48 • - •■ VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
by no laws of humanity, from using every means to accomplish
their purpose of subjugating these States, those frontiers will
be incessantly exposed to the barbarous ravages of the Indian
tribes under their influence. —
"That by means of the said agents & emissaries, a dangerous
spirit of disaffection has been excited & formented, among some
worthless & evil disposed persons on the said frontiers, who lost
all sentiments of virtue, honor or regard for their country have
been induced to aid our remorseless enemy. —
"That the Shawanese & Delawares continue well affected &
disposed to preserve the league of peace & amity entered into
with us for which reason they are threatened with an attack by
their hostile neighbours, who have invaded us, & are at the same
time exposed to danger from the attempts of ill disposed, or ill
advised persons among ourselves. —
"Your committee therefore are of opinion. That for the safety
& security of the frontiers, as well as to preserve the public faith
of these United States plightes to our Indian allies, speedy &
effectual measures ought to be taken to suppress the spirit of
disaffection among our own deluded people — to repel & put a
stop to the hostile invasion of our enemies — to protect ourlndian
allies & confirm them in their good disposition & to remove, if
possible, the cause from whence all the evils in that quarter
arise : whereupon
"Resolved, That three commissioners be appointed to repair
without delay to fort Pitt. That they be instructed to inves-
tigate the rise, progress & extent of the disaffection in that
quarter, & take measures for suppressing the same & bringing
the deluded people to a sense of their duty.
"That the said commissioners be invested with full power to
suspend for misconduct any officers in the service of the United
States employed in that quarter & appoint others in their room,
& confine in safe custody all such officers, against whom they
shall have satisfactory proof of being offenders against the rights
Sc liberties of America.
"That the said commissioners be directed to cultivate the
fri(;ndship of the Shawanese & Delawares & prevent our people
from committing any outrages against them.
UIV
(VL
nc
VIRGINIA FRONTIER IN HISTORY. , 49
"That they be impowered to engage as many of the Delaware
& Shawanese warriors in the Service of the United States as
they judge convenient.
''That they be impowered & directed, for effectually checking
the progress of the enemy, to concert with brigadier general
Hand, a plan of carrying the war into the enemy's country, &
cause the same to be executed with all convenient dispatch.
"And in order to prevent such barbarous incursions for the
future, that the said commissioners be impowered to cause the
operations of ihe war to be extended against the British gar-
rison at Detroit & its dependencies, provided the reduction of
that fortress can in their opinion be effected at this season of the
year, & the whole can be accomplished by a force not exceeding
two thousand men, exclusive of Indian auxiliaries.
"That it be earnestly recommended to the legislative powers
of Virginia & Pensylvania, to invest the commissioners with
every necessary authority over their respective militias; to
impower them to arrest and commit for tryal, such of their
respective inhabitants on the Western frontiers as shall appear to
have been concerned in any conspiracy or plot, against the United
States, or otherwise to afford the said commissioners, such
assistance, as shall be necessary in consequence of these resolves—
"Resolved, That the case of colonel Geo. Morgan be included
in the business referred to the consideration of the commissioners
Vi-ho are to be appointed for various purposes on the Western
frontier, that in the mean while col. Morgan be restored to the
a|:ipointm-cnt of agent for Indian affairs, & that he be appointed
deputy-comm.issary-general of purchases in the Western district.
"Congress proceeded to the election of commissioners to pro-
ceed to fort Pitt, & the ballots being taken, Colo. Samuel Wash-
ington, Gabriel Jones Esq. & Col. Joseph reed were elected.
Extract from the Minutes Chas. Thomson Secy. "(8)
8-Col. Samuel Washington, of '"Harewood," l^crkcley Co., Va., 2d
sen of Augustine and Mary Washington, was born Nov. 14, 1734. He has
many descendants. .j
_Gabriel Jones, of Augusta and Rockingham Counties, bom May 17,
l/_'4, died O'.tober 1S06. He was long a distinguished lawyer, and was
frcciuently in the House of Burgesses. Sec Waddcll's "Annals of Augusta
County" 8I-S4. He married Mrs. Margaret (Strother) Mcrt-n and has
descendants
Col. Joseph Reed, born at Trenton, N. J., Aug. 27, 1741. died in Phila-
delphia, M;irch 5, 17^5. He was actively engaged during the Revolution
and was tne close friend and confidential secretary of Gen. Washin;:ton.
Chas. Tliomson, of Pennsylvania, Secretary of Congress, 1774-17S9.
9^
-oi ,
-u.f .II
60 ' ' VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
The following letter, the original being in the Library of
Congress, among the Papers of the Continental Congress (No.
56, folio 89), is self explanatory:
"Sir:
"His Excellency Patrick Henry Esq"" has been Pleased to
apoint Colo. Saml. McDowell & my self in the Room of Saml.
Washington & Gabriel Jones Esq"" who have Declined the
apointmcnt of your Honourable Body on the 20^'' Nov' Last.
The Inclemency of the Season has prevented us from Setting
out on our Journey, but should the weather Permitt we purpose
going on mxcnday the 23*^ Ins* & hope to be at Pitsburg in Ten
days after y* time, where we shall Expect to meet with the
other jxntlcmen who may be apointed from the State of Pen-
sylvarici — I have the Honour to be for Colo. McDowell & my
self— Sir
Your most obedient
& Most Humbl Servant
Samp. Mathews" (9)
Staunton 13*^ Febry 1778
Addrc.:std on back:
"To the Honourable Henry Laurance
President of Congress"
Pennsylvania appointed one comm.issioner, George Clymer,
a signer of the Declaration of Independence. He reached Fort
Pitt hefore the Virginian and on March 7, 1778 communicated
with Congress. The letter, dated from Pittsburg, is preser\^ed
in the name volum.e with the ] receding, it is in part:
"Ncitlicr of my Collegues having joined me from Virginia, Con-
gress has yet reaped little advantage in this Quarter from the Ap-
pcintn'cnt of Commissioners * * *. To repair this unhappy
9-Saraucl McDowell, bom in Pennsylvania Oct. 27, 1735, removed to
Va. in 1737, died near Danville, Kentucky, Oct. 25, 1S17. A member
of I.ewi'-'s company at Braddock's del'eat, and for many years a member
of the \ irj^inia Assembly. In 17S2 he was appointed a commissioner
to settle lar.d claims in Kentuck}-, and served in the Kentucky Legisla-
ture.
Sanijison Mathews, of Augusta County, Va., died in 1S07. He was long
a prominent citizen of the county, was commissary of Col. Charles Lewis'
Tcgimenl in the Point Pleasant ram[)aign and served in 17S1 as Colonel of
Augusta militia. (See Waddcll's "Annals of Augusta County.")
a:-
'i/:ti .c:afi':
^jY
^X\l ^o(ioi "^Zi ifOJiim:l3
„ ^
• - VIRGINIA FRONTIER IN HISTORY. >•' -^-i iN.'^ , 51
loss of time as much as lies in my power, I shall of my own
Authority send off a Messenger to the Delawares tomorrow,
to make known to them the friendly disposition of Congress,
to communicate the prosperous Situation of our Affairs, and
to invite their principal Men to Fort Pitt: confessing to you at
the same time my Doubts whether they will incline to put them-
selves in the power of our frontier people, whose indiscriminate
hatred of Indians, has been such as to make them shew, on
some occassions, little regard to the Laws of Protection or
Maxims of good policy * * *."
Mathews probably reached Fort Pitt about the middle of
March, being the only representative from Virginia, thus he
and Clymxr served as the commission by virtue of the resolu-
tions of Congress of November 20, 1777. A very interesting
letter, signed by them jointly, and addressed to the President
of Congress, is among the Papers of the Continental Congress,
(No. 78, folio 155) and is here quoted in full:
"Sir:
"In our Letter of the 31 March which we had the honor to
write you, v.e communicated the several steps pursued by us,
previcius to tlic elopement of McKce,(10) to cultivate the Friend-
ship of the Delawares : since when we have laboured assiduously
by messages, and letters to take off any bad impressions he,
and his associates, might have left on the Minds of these people.
By these Means, and Fixing on a new day, we have obtained
a visit from two of their Chiefs; but as a particular relation of
our Proceedings with them accompanies this, we shall only
obser^^e that 'tho these Indians appear well disposed to be in
friendship with us, we could not ventiu'e to make them any
proposition towards engaging a number of them in our service.
Congress will perceive the Expediency of appointing Com-
missioners to Conduct the Treaty proposed to be opened here
the twenty-third day of July next.
10-This refers to the escape of McKee and some followers, includirii?
members of the Thirteenth Virginia regiment, from Fort Pitt on the
nii^ht of March 28, 1778. They had remained loyal to the English and
appear to have made their way to Detroit.
to
:ii'
52 ^ ., VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
We have already endeavoured to give Congress some Idea
of the weak and disjointed state of the Frontier, against which
the VVyandots, and other Indians from the neighbourhood of
Lake Erie, continue to exercise their crueUies, and we have now
more possible Reasons to apprehend that so far from effectually
repelling the Indians the Inhabitants will rather retire to the
other side of the Mountains — an event perhaps to be deprecated,
less as temporary loss of country, than as it may produce in
many an aversion to the cause, an attachment to which has
occasioned their sufferings. And we may add, a political
change of this nature will not be thought improbably to take
place in minds ill-informed, and when consequently but little
steadiness of Principle is expected. This among other con-
siderations induces us to submit to Congress the propriety of
imn:ediately setting on foot an Expedition, whose object shall
be Detroit, the source of all the Calamity, in which if we are
fortunate, Peace and Security will undoubtedly succeed in this
Quarter. If the Idea is adopted by Congress, it is proposed to
cm.i;loy in it three thousand of the IMilitia, as we conceive a
smaller numiber would not effectually secure a march through
the Indian Country, but as an Assult may be found necessary,
they would be accompanied by at least four hundred regular
trcops, together with a small Artillery. The Dependence for
Militia we have supposed must be almost altogether on Vir-
ginia, frcm a presumption all the force, that of two most westerly
counties excepted, which the Government of Pennsylvania can
draw into the field must necessarily be employed this Campaign
within the State. The great Kenahwa is thought of as the
properest Rendezvous of those frcm the nearest Counties, to
consist of fifteen hundred men, and Fort Pitt for that of the
remainder, but a junction of the Divisions to be made at the
Great Kenahwa, from whence the whole should proceed to-
gether.
Scm.e Estim.ates, with a Calculation of the Sums that will be
required to be lodged in Virginia, to set fon\"ard the Division
to Kenahwa cc;n:e herewith for the View of Congress.
This attcmjpt heirg made with so powerful a Force, we are
not without hopes the Delawares generally, with the well dis-
.3HIJ(/
'"«9l>fM vf*©^!* «>Vpd "^^^^
;;,'(;.<«^ii. rtM '.'^ . jorr f/ rtB
.■•■•1 ");- » rlHw
•■•;V ...
; : ; 1 1
. -J
0;..>:! lO > iq
od liw ./. ii . ■;■;.•■ ' of!r .'w .
CJJ
mi: )/
VIRGINIA FRONTIER IN HISTORY. ■ ' j '53
posed Shawanocs, would engage more decisively in our favour,
as from what we learn, they are already greatly irritated by the
Threats, and Insults they have received from the enemy
Indians in passing through their Country to ours.
Nothing material remaining for us to do in this Question, we
propose this to finish the Business of our Commission, and shall
set out for home Tomorrow
We have the honor to be
with Sentiments of Regard, Sir
Your most obed* hum Serv'^
Pittsburgh Geo. Clymer"
April 27, 1778 Samp. Mathews."
The honorable Henry Laurens Esq'' President of Congress."
On the back of the letter is this note:
"Letter from Commissioners
at Fort Pitt, 27 April 1778
rcc'd 6 May ■ . . ,
referred to the board of war
who are directed to report
thereon. — "
Thus the commissioners m.ade two distinct suggestions to
Congress, first the desirability of an active campaign, with
Detroit as tl:e objective point, and second "the Expediency of
appointing Commissioners to Conduct the Treaty proposed to
be opened here [Fort Pitt] the twenty-third day of July next."
Both suggestions were accepted by Congress and the campaign,
as conducted by General Mcintosh, formed the subject of the
second article of this series. The question of the proposed
treaty was probably discussed by the Commissioners in an
earlier comimunication to Congress, as it was merely mentioned
in the above letter of April 27.
The letter was duly considered by the Board of War, and on
June 4 the following resolutions were entered in the Journal
of Congress :
"The Board of War having represented the expediency of
appointing commissioners to meet the Indians at Fort Pitt, and
to attend the treaty proposed by the late commissioners,
6fi
j^«"7ii/f:
54 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
Resolved, that three commissioners be appointed for the
,' ' purpose of holding a treaty with the Delawares, Shawanese,
and other Indians, who may assemble at Fort Pitt, on the
twenty third of July next.
Rcsohed, That the governor and council of the State of
Virginia he requested and authorized to appoint two gentlemen,
■ and the executive power of the State of Pennsylvania, to appoint
one gentlciran, of suitable characters, for the purpose aforesaid.
-' 1 Resolved, That Congress will make an adequate allowance
■* • for the services and expences of said commissioners."
And on June 20 the following entry was made in the Journal
of Congress:
"The Comimittee on Indian Affairs to whom was referred the
letter of Colonel G. Morgan, dated the 10'^ instant, brought
in a report: Whereupon,
Resolved, That the Comimittee of Commerce be directed to
prccr.re goods, and such other articles as are proper for presents
■ to the western Indian nations, to the amount of ten thousand
dollars, and transmit the sam.e to Fort Pitt, to the commission-
ers, who are to treat with the Indians there on the 23 day of
July next: and that the said com.missioners be also directed to
dispose of the said goods amongst the said Indians in such
manner as they shall judge will best conduce to conciliate their
affections and secure them in the interest of these states :
That the said commissioners be empowered to draw on the
military chest at Fort Pitt, for such sums as shall be necessary
to defray the contingent expenses of the said treaty."
The resolution of Congress of June 4, was acted upon by
Governor Henry of Virginia on June 18. On that day the
following was entered in the Journal of the Virginia Council, a
manuscript volume now in the State Library at Richmond:
1 "Agreeable to a Resolution of Congress, Andrew Lewis (11)
■ ' ll-Andrcw Lewis was born in Ireland about the year 1720. and died in
Bedford county, Virginia, September 27, 1781. He was closely assoc-
iated with Washington during the campains of 1754 and 1755. In 175(i
be led the Sandy Creek exi:edition. On March 1, 177G he was com-
missioned Brigadier General in the Continental army, but soon r-^signed
on account of failing health.
w''J VIRGINIA FRONTIER IN HISTORY. , 55
& John Walker(12) Esquires, are, by the Governor with the
advice of Council, appointed Commissioners for the purpose of
holding a Treaty with the Delaware, Shawanesse & other Indians
who may assemble at Fort Pitt on the twenty third day of July
next."
And again on July 4, the subject was mentioned in the Journal
of the Couticil :
"John Walker esquire having signified that it will be out of
his power to Act as a Commissioner at the Indian Treaty to be
held at Fort Pitt on accoimt of the Indisposition of his family,
Thomas Lewis(13) esquire of Augusta is appointed in his room;
And as there is a probability of Andrew Lewis Esquire his
refusing to Act on Account of the Indians having committed
Hostilities near his house, in that Case, Sampson Matthews
Esquire is appointed to act in his stead."
Pennsylvania failed to have a commissioner at the treaty
which was conducted by the two brothers, Thomas and Andrew
Lewis, on behalf of the United States, and the three Delaware
Chiefs, White Eyes, Pipe, and Killbuck as representatives of
their nation. On account of the delay in the arrival of conti-
nental tr.'jops at Fort Pitt, it became necessary to change date
of July 23, as originally set. Colonel Brodhead, with the
Eighth Pcnns^'lvania regiment, reached Fort Pitt on September
10, 1778. The Commissioners and Indians were gathered there,
and two days later, on September 12, they met in Council.
The events of the succeeding days, closing with the signing of
the treaty on September 17, will form the subject of the fifth
article of this series.
12-John Walker, eldest son of the well-known Dr. Thomas Walker,
of "Castle Hill," Albemarle Co., Va., was born Feb. 13, 174t, and died
Dec. 2, 180^. He was a member of the House of Burgesses, the Conven-
tions of 177.5, was an aide to Washington in the Revolution and U. S.
Senator from Virginia in 1790.
13-Thomas Lewis, the older brother of Andrew Lewis mentioned
above, was born in Ireland in 171S: died in 17P0. He was a member of
House of Burgesses and likewise a member of the State convention that
ratified the Federal constitution.
r. vj i.Tii. n
56 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
MINUTES OF THE COUNCIL AND GENERAL COURT
16221629*.
From the Originals in the Library of Congress.
(Continued.)
*A11 erasures in the originals are here printed in italics.
The practice, previously followed, of printing these records
line for line with the original will not be, hereafter, continued.
[150]
*(l)And with them they kept ye frigott wch they had first
taken and theire ov/ne And tooke A negro and A Frenchman
who came away with them willingly. And a Portugall to be
Their Pilott out of the AVest Indyes because they had longe gone
*(1) The depositions here and in XXIIT, 404-400, relate to one of
those halt privateering, half piratical cruises so common at the time.
The Dutch were willing to use any weapon in their desperate war with
Spain and privateering commissions were freely given by the States or
the Prince of Orange. In many instances, the operations of these priva-
teers were not confined to attacks on Spanish ships. The interest in this
case is that there should have been alioard the Black Bess two men who
had helped to lay the foundations for so much history. Capt. Powell
had cvMiimanded one of the ships which brought the first negroes to Va.
and his subordinate Capt. Jones had comrrianded the Mayflower in its
famous voyage to Plymouth. Both had been in the service of the Earl
of Warwick. Capt. John Powell had been sent out by the Somers Islands
Company in 1616, in a boat called the Hopewell; but had taken to piracy
and gotten that Company into much trouble at home. In IGIO, in "a
Dutcli man-of-war" he brought some of the first negroes to Virginia.
In \(V.:'-, the Va. Company was asked to allow him to trade to Virginia,
but refiLsed as they were "afraid Capt. Powell should go to the West
Indies," and there return to piracy.
Capt. Thomas Jones, in or prior to 1610, commanded in the East
Indies a ship, "the Lion," belon'j;ing to the Earl of Warwick, and after
his vovage with the Pilgrims in 1G20, continued in the service of the Vir-
ginia Company'. In 1622, in the Discovery, he made a voyage to explore
the neighborhood of Cape Cod and furnished the Plymouth people with
needed supplies. He died in Virginia soon after landing from the voyage
dcscriljod in these depositions. A frigate of the time here spoken of was
a small sailing vessel and not the war ship of later d.-^ys.
MINUTES OF THE COUNCIL AND GENERAL COURT. 57
upp and downe and could nott gett Clerre. After this they gott
cleere and came to ye cape of fflorida where they intended to
take in fresh water and to gett some provisions and soe came to
an anchor, and sent to the shore and gott in some Water and
Turtles but by extremitie of fowle weather they lost two
anchors and cables and theire boate Sunk at the Shipps stearne
so as they were forcte to leave two of their Company ashore and
were driven them selves out into the Current so yt they could
not putt in to gett theire men abourd nor could not putt ye
Portugall ashore as they intended at any place where his
coimtrymen were. And after this not beinge Sufficiently Victuled
to goe for England They resolved to shape their Course for
Virginia. Theire ship also beinge very leakey, And sayeth that
they landed at Cape Hatteras in a small boate wch they made
themselves abourd ye shipp wth parte of ye rowne house to gett
fresh Avater but could gett none And after yt ye next Daye They
gott in at ye Capes and ran into this river uppon Alondy the
eleventh of this month of January 1625
[151]
William Gundry of Feversam in Kent swome and Examined
Sa^eLh yt he was shipt at fflushing by Capt. Jonnes into ye
blacke Bess and yt he harde Capt Powell's Commission readd,
and 3't they having \-ictuled at the Isle of Wyght and taken in
Some miorc Company they putt to Sea & shaped theire course
for ye v/esLcrn Islands where they beate upp and Downe a few
days and after went for the West Indies and at the Granados
they builte them a shallopp, And they bay levinge ye shipp at
an Anchor They went in the shallope aboute 25 men and boarded
a Spanish frigott but the men v.'ere all ashore where they found
some small p'visione and certen Raw hides on the shore, And
they m.ande ye frigott and kept her in Consort with them, But
after Capt Powell cutting short theire allowance and requiringe
them to signe to Certen Articles, among wch one was yt thay
should fyght againste any whether they were Friend or Foe,
whereuppon they resolved to depart from him and to goe for
theire Country, and soe v/as Capt. Jounes for theire Capt and
mor who was willinge to com.e with them. And furnishinge
Ta
dwCJl •{
58 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
thcra with Some provisions and fresh water, They parted from
their Admirall and beatinge upp and Downe one nyght lying
at hull in the morninge the espied this frygott, and makinge
after her, The men hoysted out theire boate and went ashore,
when the went aboarde ye frygott and found never a man in her;
but 60 live Goattes and fower pecks of meale and some lynnen
and woollen Cloathes and some 5 or 6 hundred weight of
Tobacco and 2 peeces of ordynance and som.e other small
matters. Soe they man'd this frygott and carried her wth them
and after came to Cap Carebe
[152]
There they fownd another frigott wch ran under theire lee
they went w'th her to the v\-ateringe place And often they took
owt of this frigott Certen Raw hides and some Tobacco and a
frcnch nian and a negro who were very willinge to come wth
them and a Portugall to be theire pilott leavinge wth them the
frigott wch they had first taken and theyre owne, And after
they came to Cape Florida, and having sent ashore for water
and theire men caringe aboard wth water and some Turtles,
leaving two of their Company ashore for the fcatchinge of
Turtles, By fowle weather they lost two Cables and Anchors
and theire boate sunlce at the Shipps Stearne, and were forced
to sea by wch means they could not recover their men nor putt
the Portugall ashore, whom they were forced to take in to be a
Pilott for to bringe them out of the Islands, their victualls
being short and the shipp leaky they resolved to shape their
course for Virginia and arrived there on Mondye the eleventh
day of July 1625
[153]
Andrew Poe of Holte in Northfolke sworne and examined
Sayeth yt he was shipt in fflushinge by Capt. Powell and Capt
Jonnes in the Black Bess, and having victuled at Isle of Wight
they put owt to sea and went forth to ye western Islands, and
from thence to ye West Indies where they lighted on a f riggott,
but he, this Examint was not aboard her the shallopp yt took
her. Soe they mand the frigott and tooke her alonge wth them
MINUTES OF THE COUNCIL AND GENERAL COURT. 59
and after because they could Capt. Powell would not allow them
Sufficient water and victualls and required them to sett their
hands to Certen articles the Company grew Discontented and
soe Capt. Powell bid them that would goe for thcirc Country
to take the frigott and goe in her, Whereupon the Chose Capt
Powell Jonnes for their Capt and M'r and parted from him
intendinge to goe Immediatelie for their Country but their few
p'vysions and water being spent, they were forced to putt in for
relcefe, And having gott some pr'vysions they could nott gett,
findc the way owt of the Islands, the Capt bcinge unacquainted
in those ]jarLs, And after beating upp and Downe they lighted
uppon a ffrygott where they found 60 Turtles and some Tobacco
and meale and other small matters and takeing her wth them
afterwards lighted uppon a Spanish frigott wch came under
their lee and they gave them their first frygott taking out of her
some Raw liides and some Tobacco and a negro and a ffrench-
man who
[154]
were desirous to goe along wth them and a Portugall to be theire
Filott OWL of the Islands intendinge to sett him ashore uppon
Cape fflorida or thereabouts when bcinge ari\'ed there and after
they gott some fresh water and p 'visions ashore They left two
of theire C'ompany ashore and the weather growinge fowlc they
lost two cr;ijles and anchors and theire boate sunke at the ships
stenie, by means wherof they coulde not goe for tlieir men but
were driven out to sea, And after had no oportunitie to sett the
portugall ashore but came directly for Virginia, where they
Arrived one Mondye the Eleventh of July 1625
July the xxi being present Sir ff rancis Wyatt Knight, Governor
&c., Capt Francis West, Capt. Roger Smith, Capt Raphe Hanor,
Mr William Cley borne
Yt is ordered yt fourteene of those men wch came in wth Capt
Jones shalbe sent upp to James Cittie wth ye first. To be dis-
posed of by the Governor and Coimsel to such places in the
Colony as they shall thinlce fitt, wherof the Frenchman to be
one, And yt Capt Francis West make Choyse of such otheis
as he shall thinke fitt of.
«e .TJi;
■KlftTA'iTO
60 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
And ye Courte doth Consent to ye request of Capt. Francis
West that he may make use of the frygott and all the Tackell
Apparell Munitions masts saylcs sayle yardes &c., now to her
belonginge or appertayning, Provided that he shalbe account-
able for the valuable some of twelve hundred pounds weight of
Tobacco wch some Capt Jounes and the ships company hath
Demanded for her To any such to whom of right she shall
Appertaine uppon further Consideration
Yt is also ordered yt the Companie shalbe sent upp to ye
neck of lande unto Mr Luke Boyse, there to abide untill further
order
[156]
November 1624
Received of Doctoris Christmas and John Shepparde for the
use of Southampton Hundred fower barrels of come by the
appoynlmentt of I\Ir John Powntis
^ me John Utie
Mr Pciuntis receaved yt them when he v»'ent a trading for the
use of his Pynnace said baiTcll of Corne
Witnessed by Richard (x) Croker
Receaved the 9"^ of December 1623 for the use of Mr Pountis
in ptc of another some one hundred and fowre pounds of To-
bacco, I say receaved of John Shepparde the same above
Nathaniell Basse
1157]
A Courle held the xxii of August 1625
being pr'snte Sr francis Wyatt, Knight Governor &c, Capt.
Fra. West, Capt. Roger Smith, Capt. Raphe Hamor, Mr Wm.
Cleyborne.
Jolm Sou theme swome and Sayeth that Thomas Passmore*(2)
and Christopher Haule came unto him for to have him make
(2) Thomas Passmore was a carpenter who lived, with his wife Jane,
on James City Island. Christopher Hall appears from the Census of
1021-5, to have been a neij^hbor. The same l~ensus shows that John Hall
and Elizabeth, his wife, also lived near by. The name rendered Kcisie
in the text, should probably be Kerhtt. Thomas Kerntt, aged 24, in
1021-5, was one of Passmore's servants.
7.11
J. ■■ , i^yi;
MINUTES OF THE COUNCIL AND GENERAL COURT. 61
a payr of covenants betwixt them, the saide John Sutheme
demanded of them w't their bargain was, they said the cropp
was to be sett in seaven p'tes wherof Mr Passmoure was to have
fowre shares and Christopher Haule to have three, But Mr
Passmoure saide he would have a little peece of grounde to him
sclfe for his wife and his bcJy to plant and tend. Christopher
Haule said I will make no new bargaine and yt you will stand
to our first bargaine (so) otherwise will make no other bargaine
and so they departed. Thomas Bradfiel swome and Examined
Sayeth that he sitting in Company wth Passmoure and Christ-
opher Haule he heard Mr Passmoure saye that Christopher
Haule should have three shares of ye Cropp and yt he would
leave his men over to Christopher Haule and meddle not wth
them and this was spoken before this 'Examin't after they had
been wth Mr Southerne. Mr Passmoure called this Examt
to take notice wt the said
Yt is ordered that John Haule have his house and fowre acres
of land joyninge to the land of Thom.as Passmoure sytuate in
James Cyttie Island where he hath now built & seated
• [158]
Thomas Kersie swome and Examined sayeth That Christopher
Haule did woorke about ye Cropp sometymes two howers in a
D'ye and sometymes three houres and very seldome a whole
D'ye together.
John Buckmaster swome and Examined affirmeth as much as
Thomas Keisie hath formerly said.
It is agrecde by and wth the Consentt of Thomas Passmoure
and Christopher Haule (as followeth) that is to say yt ye Cropp
now in question between them Mr Passmoure shall have fower
shares thcrof & Christopher Haule to have three shares and
Thomas Passmoure to have the little hill now planted with pease
and pompions to him selfe, And if Christopher Haule shall
iieclect his lawfuU labour for ye good of ye Cropp, That then
he shall malcc allowance to Thomas Passmoure for the same.
2f
n't j.'i.w;v
I«^i]
ti. ri-Xin; aa lii
C2 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. . ,,?
Wkeras Mousyer Bomoimt*(^) Yt is ordered yt Mounseycr
Bomounte may seate him selfe and his people uppon any place
About ye Esteme Shore being five miles from any land actually
possessed by ye Company or any other man. And for any other
order the Courte cannot determine before they be farther in-
formed wth ye Certentie of ye bounds of ye lande wch he de-
sireth to have granted.
[159]
A Courte held the xxx*^ of August 1625, beinge present Sr
ffrancis Wyatt, Knight, Governor &c, Capt. Roger Smith,
Capt Raphe Hamor, Mr Wm Cleyboume.
Cadwallader Jonnes Sworne and Examined sayeth yt uppon
Tuesday nyght last he harde a Tumulte in Joseph Johnsone*(4)
his house betwixt the said Joseph [and his?] wiefe. And sayeth
yt Mr Bransbye his m'r caled to this Examint and other of his
fellows to come to him soe this Examinat and Robert Crew his
fellow servant went to Joseph Johnsones house where he and his
fellow servant found their M'r and Joseph Johnsone fallen fowle
together they being uppon the bed where they p'ted them, And
further sayeth yt Mr Bransbie caled Joseph Johnsone said this
I have for p'tinge a Newgate birde and Bridewell whore.
George Proust sworne and Examined Sayeth yt uppon
Thursday last Mr Bransbie his m'r after he came from Joseph
Johnsone's house sent this exam'nt to Johnsones house for his
hatt and hat band And Cominge away from ye house he heard
Mr Bransbie say to Joseph Johnsone yt yf he did beat and
abuse his wiefe any more he would beate him tyghtlie unless
ye Govcrno'' comanded ye contrary.
And further Cadwallader Jones sayeth yt about ye midst of
October 1G24, Joseoh Johnsone goinge abroad with his peice,
(3) It is singular that there is no mention of this Mons. G. Beaumont
in Hottcn, the Minutes of the Virginia Company, or in any other record
but this. Neill (Virginia Carolontm, p. 30) says that Giles IBeaumont. a
Frenchnian, arrived in 1G23 with some colonists, authorized to claim the
privile,^es of an English subject and establish a plantation.
(4) Joseph Johnson, his wife Margaret and Georgia Prouse, were living
at yVrchcrs Hope, 1021-5. At the same time Thomas Bransbie, with three
servanls, Nicholas GreenViill, Cadwallader Jones and Robert Crew, was
living at the same place. The account shows that Bransbie was command-
er of Archers Hope plantation.
iH'ii 'jnto'fJi' iamri'l ■j-yhy.u)
MINUTES OF THE COUNCIL AND GENERAL COURT. 63
very far from his house and in great danger of the Enemie,
Mr Bransbie being Comander of ye Plantation, hath often ad-
morjishcd him therof, And Mr Bransbie offering to disarme him
of his peece ye said Joseph bcinge gott into his house, pre-
sented his peece against Mr Bransbie, sayinge come if you will.
[160]
And further George Proust before swome and examined sayeth
that about Easter laste Joseph Johnsone, beating of his wiefe,
Mr Bi.p.isbie and others wth him Cominge upp towards John-
sones iiouse to pacifie them. The said Johnsone presented his
peece owt at his window and said To them wt have you to do
hecre, 3'ou were best kepe back or I will keepe make yo, stand
back
Yt is ordered at this Courte that Joseph Johnsone in regard
of his contempt against the Comande of the Plantacone as
also for ye Contynuall assaultinge of his wiefe, shall enter into
bonds of fortie pounds wth a sufficient securitie to be from
henceforth of good behaviour, as well towards our Souveragne
lord ye Kingc as other his liege subjects
[ink folio 161]
A Courte heldc the 12'-'' of September 1625 beinge present Sr:
Francis wyatt Knight, Gouenior, & Capt' Roger Smith Capt'
Samucll Mathewes M"" Abraham Peersey m"" Wm Clcy bourne
Yt is orckavd yt william Browne Boatswayne of the good
shi[jp called the Elizabeth, shall deliuer three hatts to m''
Thomas Allnut'^'(5), wch were sent him owt of Englandc, wch
the said Wm Browne sold at Kackowtan, At or before the xix'^
daye of this instant moncth of September beinge mondye next
M'' Jam.es Slogden minister swome and examined sayeth that
he by the Ai,03ntmcnt of m"" John Powntis did paye to m^
Edward Cage and m'' Tho: Edvsards two hundred and twenty
pov>nd waight of Tobacco for w"^^'' they gave y*^ said m'' Stogden
Accqviianc for y" receipt therof (w'^'' was lately burnt in his
hov>se liy Casraliie of fycr
(.0) 'i hoinas Alnutt, who came in the Gijte, and his wife who came in
the Mar\i!_oid, were living at James City at the census of 1624-5. Ed-
ward Caj^e, who came in the Marmaduke, lived near him.
i )
bii
64 ■• : VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
Doctoris Christmas being swome (Deposeth that he brought
the said Accqviittance from m"" Edwardes and DeHuered it to
m'' Stogden.
Further m'' Stogden deposeth y^ m'' John Powntis did accept
of a bill of dept for fower barrells and a halfe of Come, W^'' M''
Samuell Jorden had bounde him selfe to pay to m"" Tho. Dowse,
And in leu of the said bill, did discharge Dictoris Chrismas and
John Hassarde of fower barrells & halfe of come dev/ from them
to ye said m'' Jo. Powntis w^'' bill he said he was y" more wilUnge
to accept of for y' he was indepted to m'' Jurden.
[ink folio 162]
A Courte held the xix*^ daye of September 1625 beinge present
Sr. Francis wyatt, Knight, Gouemor, &c., Capt' Roger Smith,
Capt' Raph Ham.er, M*" Abraham Persey m'^ Wm Cleyboume
Walter Horsefoot swome and examined sayeth that the shipp
caled the Ehzabeth was acosted at Dover for the King service,
v/hervppon the purser of the shipp rid to London and brought
A Letter to the Livt' of Dover Castle. And soe the shipp was
discharged.
Further he sa3^eth y* John Hobbs a servant of Capt' Bickley
cam away from the shipp and after M" Page goingc w"' the
water baylie to y'' Capt' w'='' when Hobbs was had him del'vcd
agayne.
And further sayeth y' some of M'' Persey s men marched in
thcire armes, before m"" Page his face. And further sayeth y'^
one Hugh Symstcr A Carpenter offered m'' Page y' yf he wold
paye xx** and discharge his hoste he wold come alonge w'^' him
w''' Carpenter was one of m'' persyes men
Yt is ordered in Courte y^ m"" Pcersey shall have one of the boyes
named Burrows sold by the purser, or otherwise the purser to
Compound w"> m'' pcrsy for him M'' Persy desireth now to haue
Robert Burrows
Walter Horscfoote further sayeth y' m'' Page saidc that m''
Wake was to haue a boy of his named burrows.
Wm Webster purser Doth Consigne over to M*" Abraham Persy
Hugh Brooke, Wm Larancc and Jane Steckie, in lew of three
servantc w''' y" M^ and Company suffered to goc away from
them beinge three of m"" persie sevance
','-A'J:".'<^^ '/f?EO \o UiLn->p g
'in ;•.': j. .'y.
I'lW ,r: ji-'ij-] "rn i<- j-m
MINUTES OF THE COUNCIL AND GENERAL COURT. 65
[ink folio 163]
Received of m" Woollrige
one hogshed marked— T D ' ' ' '^ ■
one barrell marked — T D
one servante
William WB Browne
" his marke ' ' " ' ' ' ' '
Ytt ys ordered y* m' woolgrige shall haue a boye servante Caled
whiffle now remayninge w'^ Thomas Spillmas in satisfaction for
his servante, w^'' ye ships Company suffered to goe away.
Yt is Also ordered y' for a kilderkin and smale chest of Surgery
sent over by m^^ Woodall to Christopher beast, the Colony beinge
in great want of said surgery That not w^'standing of m'
woodalls desire of hauinge the same retomde, m-" wake Do leaue
the saide goods heere w**^ y^ Phisitions and Chirurgions y^ they
be furnished therw''', they puttinge in securitie to this Courte,
To pay to m' woodall in Englande so much redie money as it
Cost w'^ such resonable proffit as shalbe to his Content.
Y' is ordered y* the Purser of the Elizabeth shall pay to m'
Pcarle for G tonne of beere and 9 hundred of bred W^'' they spent
of his at sea the some of twelve hundred waight of good Mar-
chantable Tobacco at or before the last Dye of November next
enswinge, vppon payment wherof, M"- Pearle shall give the said
purser A Discharge for all the goodes shipt aboorde the Eliza-
beth by m'' Benet And for five servantes y' rann away in Eng-
lande at Dover, M^ Benett is to Receive satisfactione for them
in England.
(To be Continued.)
J{
fi&of) ic
rr.
(X
66 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
VIRGINIA GLEANINGS IN ENGLAND.
(Contributed by the late Lothrop Withington, London, Eng.)
Simon Aston, Citizen and Grocer of London. Will 2 August
1638; ])roved 15 August 1638. To wife Elizabeth Yi of goods
and executrix. Overseers: Brothers William Wheeler Esq.
and Robert Aston, Citizen and Grocer of London. Richard
Nelme £10 to make up accounts of Shopp. To poor of St.
Peters Cheap £4. To Mother £20 per annum. To eldest
son William Aston £50. Witnesses: James Smith, Thomas
Lavender, John Hope. Lee, 99. • ■ '' ■ ■*' i - * ■ '
Elizabeth Aston of London, widow. Will 12 April 1647;
proved 25 September 1647. I commit my body to the earth
to be buried in decent manner in the parish church of All Saints
Staining, London, as near to my later dear father, John Wheeler,
esq., deceased, as conveniently may be, but not with pomp and
solemnity or mourning, which I leave to the discretion of my
brother and executor to do therein as I have to him declared.
I gi\e to my sisters Ann Wynn and Mary Anesworth 40s apiece
to buy them rings. To my sister Lucilia Dodd £10 to remain
in the hands of my executor to her proper use. To my brother
John Wheeler 40s. for a ring to wear in remembrance of me.
To my sisters Agneta Moone and Clara van de Welde the like
sum apiece. To my sister Mrs. Elizabeth Wheeler a ring of 40s.
price- in testimony of my love and affection unto her. To my
cousin Mrs. Ehzabeth Aby 40s. To my cousin Mrs. Mary
Rucidiard, widow, a ring of 40s. price to wear in remembrance
of Tile. To my ser\'ant Elizabeth Comwell £5. To Marie
Buti, sometimes my sen'ant, 20s. To eight poor widows, at the
election of my executor, 10s. apiece. To the poor of St. Kath-
erine Coleman, London, and of all Saints Steyning, 40s. to
'rrr ,n.
•jf,: * ■ •y):iL^.'.\ni'yr.)i uj 'iftW. <^; gun £ lol .cOt
Vii: '>T 'vj.l '>. n U{n! J ,ni;-\>
C/r...!/". dl" ''-i 1! iirui)
jauvio
OJ .iiO^ .iidtn/jir; ,-.,nii; < Hi'. V)
VIRGINIA GLEANINGS IN ENGLAND. '" 67
either parish. To Master WilHam Engler 40s. To my three
sons, William, Simon, and Robert Aston, £200 apiece at their
several ages of 21. To my eldest daughter Anne Aston £300,
and to my youngest daughter Sarah Aston £200, at their
several ages of 18. I give also to my said daughters such of my
plate, linen, and woolen things, as I have set apart for them, and
parcelled out with my own hands and set their names thereon.
To my three sons, £5 apiece in old gold. I give unto my
executors, children, and servants mourning apparel only, and
desire that the rest of my friends will be contented with the
legacies only before mentioned and intended unto them. The
residue of my goods I give equally among my said five children.
I ordain my very loving brother William Wheeller, of West-
burie county, Wilts, esq., and my son William Aston my over-
seers. And to my said brother Master WiUia m Wheeller, for
his great care and pains to be taken therein, and for a remem-
brance of my love to him, I give £10 to buy him a piece of plate
at his discretion and pleasure. Codicil 24 July 1G47. I do
further declare that, in regard my sister Dod has shown great
love to me in the time of my long sickness, to the £10 formeriy
given to her £10 more be added; and likewise that £5 more
be distributed to poor widows. The mark of Elizabeth Aston
Witnesses: William Steedman, Thomas Coleman, servt. to
Thomas Bostocke, scr. Proved by William Wheeller, with
power reserved, etc. Fines, 188.
The Visitation of London, 1634, states that Walter Aston, of Long-
don, Staffordshire (grandson of Sir Walter Aston of Tixall), had issue- 1
Thomas, living at Kilbary, Ireland; 2. Simon, of London, Grocer who
married Elizabeth, daughter of John Wheeler, of London; 3. Walter,
' now in the West Indies;" 4. Robert, of London, grocer. As Virginia
was then frecjuently referred to as in the West Indies, it is very probable
that the Walter Aston referred to was the one whose tomb is at the site
of the old church at Westover. The epitaph is as follows:
"Here Lyeth interred the body of leftenant '
Colonoll Walter Aston who died the Cth
.' I Apr ill 1056. He was Aged •
49 years And
Lived in this country 28 yeares
Also here lyeth the Body of Walter Aston
the son of Leftenant CoUonel Walter Aston
who departed this life ye 29th of lanuari 1666
Aged 27 Yeares and 7 Monthes."
Walter Aston, Sr., came to Virginia in 1028, and settled in Charles City
County. He was a member of the House of Burgesses for Shirley Hundred
k)
1 i^i j:;iv1 i J- J '1' J •■!•;■ •<■
68 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. '''
Island 1629-30, Both Shirley Hundreds &c., 1631-32, Shirley Hundred
Maine and "Cawseys Care" Sept. 1632, and Feb. 1632-3, and Charles
City Co. 1642-3. He was also justice of the peace and lieutenant colonel
of militia. His first wife was named Warhoro, or Narbrow, and his
second (who survived him and married Col. Edward Hill) was Hannah.
On Aug. 2, 1646, Walter Aston patented 1040 acres in Charles City on
Kymages Creek, including 200 more on "Cawseys Care." Lt. Col. Aston
died in 1656 having issue: (1) Susannah, widow, in 1655, of Lieutenant
Col. Edwa-d Major; (2) Walter; (3) Mary, married Richard Cocke; (4)
Elizabeth, married Binns. The will of Walter Aston, Jr., was
dated Dec. 21, 1666, and proved Feb. 4, 1660-67. Legatees: to his
mother Hannah Hill, a parcel of land called "The Level:" to godson John
Cocke, son of Richard Cocke, deceased, 4000 lbs. tobacco; to godson
Edward Cocke, son of Richard Cocke, 6000 lbs. tobacco; the survivors
to have the whole'amount of 10,000 lbs. and if they were without issue
it is to go to the other children, sisters Mary Cocke and Elizabeth Binns
20 shillings each for a ring; a gun called Pollard to servant John Mitten
and a sow; to testators Irish boy Edward a sow, to Mr. George Harris,
merchant, all the dividend of land at Cawseys Care, the land at Canting
Point and rest of estate].
Henry Eltonhead of London Merchant bound for a voj^age
to the East Indies in the good ship called the Hound of London.
Will 23 November 1616; proved 12 February 1619-20. To my
brother Nicholas Eltonhead of Greenwich county Kent, gent
all my estate whatsoever and I m.ake him sole executor. William
Manley servant to Nicholas Reeve, scr., Edward Pierce ser-
vant to said scrivenor. Soame, 22.
The ancient family of Eltonhead, of Eltonhead, Lancashire, has
many descendants in Virginia. Sec Haydcn's Virginia Genealogies 228-
230. Henry Eltonhead, whose will is given here was evidently the
son of William Eltonhead. His name and that of his brother Nicholas
appear on the chart pedigree. Henry Eltonhead. whose will was dated
in 1665. was a brother of Richard Eltonhead, of Eltonhead, though not
named in the chart. This is evident as he mentions his brother Thomas
Meares ].
Henry Eltonhead late of London Esq deceased. Will 27
July 1665. These seuerall following I doc giue to my Brother
R. Eltonhead if I dye a single man. Moneys due to me in
Ireland by bond in Mr. John Doughty's hands in Dublin £100.
Mr. Thom.as Houghton is bound interest due 10 in hundred this
bond is in hands of Mr. Walter Scudamorc. In hands of Mr.
Timothy "GroUiers" in Dublin wherein Mr. James Buttcele
is bound at 10 in hundred. In my landlords hand Mr. Joseph
Stokers in Dublin £100 at his house in Castle Street Dublin,
interest to be paid by him by reason I lay two yeares in his
.nv
T
VIRGINIA GLEANINGS IN ENGLAND. 69
house and paid nothing for my chamber which I ought to pay
for after the rate of fiue pound ten shiUings a year. In my
brother Richard Barrys hands my salary due from the King as
Commissary for Munster £97. Two bonds of Mr. Edwd Rands
£90 some years ago. Two bonds of my brother Tho. Mearas
£6 in hands of Mr. Nathaniell Foulkes he Hves at the sign of the
Horseshoe in Castle Street Dublin. I owe Mr. William Rich-
ardson £2i. Mr. Clement Hog for two last terms Business
£8. Due from Mr. Denton £100. Due to my proctor Mr.
John Clements £10. Grant BoDk 1638-1G75 fo. 51. Letters
of Administration with will etc to Richard Eltonhead of Elton-
head in county Lancashire in England Esq of goods of Henry
Eltonhead late of London Esq deceased on 23 August 1670.
Prerogative Court of Ireland, Will BDok 1658-72, folio 165.
William Barlowe. Will 21 February 1617; proved 15 June
1625. If I die at Easton my body to the Chancell. G3d having
given me ability in my lifetime to provide for my wife and
children, I will now be the shorter. My daughter Anne having
as }'et very little of certainty I make her estate worth £303.
To my brother John Barlowe 103 marks. To my son Thomas
all my Loadstones and Mathematical books and instruments.
To the poor of Winchester 40s. To those of the scale 33s. To
poor of Easton 40s. To poor of Avington 23s. To my men
servants and maids half a years wages. My wife Julyan Bar-
lowe and my son William Barlow joynt exeeutors. My son
William Barlow shall have £40 to assist his mother but all
things to her direction. My daughters Mary and Katherine
portions may amount to £300 apiece. All such reversions of
the Church Coppihoulds as I shall have at my death unbar-
gained for and unsold I give to my son Barnaby Barlowe.
Clarke, 67.
About the middle of the Seventeenth century a Ralph Barlowe lived
in Northampton Co., Va. Various references in the records there show
that he was related to Robert Parker of that county, who, like William
Barlowe, whose will is given above, was a Hampshire man. On Oct.
28, 1653, Mr. George Parker sued Mr. John Elsey, executor of Mr.
Ralph Barlowe, and on June 28, 1658, Jone Elzey "of Old England"
petitioned Northampton Court that Mr. John Elzey executor of Mr.
Ralph Barlowe, should pay her 500 lbs. tobacco left her, in Ralph Bar-
lowe's willj.
'•]
\V qv
70 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
COUNCIL PAPERS, 1698-1701
(From the Original in the Virginia State Library.)
(Continued)
Thanksgiving Proclamation
Whitehall November ye 11*^ 1702
Sir
We send you here inclosed her Majestys proclamation direct-
ing a pubhck thanksgiving throughout England for the great
Successes of her Ma'tys Arms by Sea and land. And we do
hereby Signify to you her Majestys pleasure that a day of pub-
lick llianksgiving for those Successes be likewise solemnized
throughout all her plantacons in America; You are therefore to
take care that a day be accordingly set apart for that purpose
as soon as conveniently may be after your receipt hereof, And
that the same be obser\'ed throughout her Majestys Colony
and Dominion of Virginia under yo"" Government, with such
due Solemnities as are Suitable to so great an occasion. So we
bid you heartily farewell.
Yo"" very Loving Friends
:('' ;i. > . . 't ; 1 Rob. Cecill
■ i^ f < Ph. Meadows
. ■."•- I,' 1 'i ■ . r, t r, ,;,, Wm. Blathwajrt
„, .' 1 , John Pollexfen
Mat Prior.
i.n
Council of Virginia to the Queen Anne
To the Queen's most excell^ Maj*'^
May it please yo' Ma'ty
We the Council of yo"" Maty's Colony and Dominion of Vir-
ginia after due perusal and serious consideracon of Yo'' Maj"°*
AyiA .
COUNCIL PAPERS 71
gracious Letter signifying yo'' Royal pleasure concerning a
voluntary Contribution of men and money for New York laid
before Us by his Excellency Francis Nicholson Esq"" yo"" Majestys
Lieu' and Governor General of this Colony and Dominion,
being extremely concerned that oiir answer to the like demand
made b}'' Yo"" Matys Royal Brother William the third of blessed
memory contained in our petition of October ye P* 1701 did not
give your Maj*^"" the expected satisfaction, but that our manage-
ment of that affair was disallowed by the Lords of the Council
for Trade and plantacons Humbly beg leave in the most dutifull
manner to lay before Yo'' Majesty our answers to those partic-
ulars wherein by the advice of the said Lords, We find yo'
IMajesty disapproves our conduct in that petition, together
with an account of our late endeavors to comply with yo''
Ma''^^ commands in the said Letter as far as is within the reach
of our Station and province.
Whereas in the first place we are charged as having made
our application to yo"" ]\Ia*''=* Royal Brother in an irregular
manner by an Agent of our own without the consent of our
Governour We himibly offer to yo'' Ma''*^^ consideracon that
as we were altogether free from any ill design in this method,
so we Never heard before that any such Rule had been sett
limiting the Addresses of Subjects in the plantations to their
Soveraign to be m.ade only by the consent and through the
hands of their Governors, and in this particular case, our Gov-
ernor had signified so much of his disapprobation of the pro-
ceedings of the General Assembly on acco* of the said Address
that we judged it would have been improper to have desired
or expected his mediation or concurrence therein : But now that
we know yo'' Maj''''^ pleasure we shall take care in this, and all
other applications to yo'' Majesty to observe the said Rule as to
the manner of presenting our petitions.
In the next place it is observed of the said petition w"^** was
presented to Yo'' Maj*'° in the name of the Council and Bur-
gesses of Virginia that it was signed by no more than four of the
members of the said Council: But to this we humbly offer to
yo'' Maj'"^^ consideracon that it often happens by reason of
sickness, and the very remote and distant habitations of many
IT
t»." e^ ••i-.j.'l t.'i'-^ -J : I
EAW *'•
72 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
of the members of yo'' Council, the badness of weather, and the
unpassableness of great Rivers and Bays at certain Seasons that
we are obHged to act with very small numbers : and particularly
at that time there being but a thin Council before the late nom-
ination, and these reduced to m^any inconveniences by a tedious
absence from home during a very long Session of Assembly,
Several of them had repaired to their homes to look after their
business which Sufferred exceedingly by so long absence, by
which means it came to pass that there were no more of the
Council left, but those few who subscribed the said petition,
the rest who went away before it was finished having been con-
senting while they staid to the several Resolves that had been
made about it. So that it was really an unanimous consent of
the Council, tho' signed only by those four who gave their
attendance to the last.
Besides the objections against the manner of presenting the
said petition, the reasons for excusing ourselves from the afore-
said contribution are excepted against as insufficient. To
which all we have to offer is, that tho' we were then, and still
are of the opinion (with Submission to the better Judgements
of the Lords of Council for Trade and plantations) that the
Reasons laid down in the said petitioa were very Sufficient to
justify the proceedings of that Assembly with relacon to a Con-
tribution of men and money for New York; Yet so great is the
defercrice we have for yo'' Maj*'^^ recommendation of that
affair to the present General Assembly, that tho' the said
reasons seem to us to be still in full force, We have taken no
notice of them, but have used our best endeavors consistent
with the methods of Assembly to further the intent of Yo'
jyjg^tus gracious Letter with the House of Burgesses, and to take
some good method with the said House for Yo"" Ma''*"* satis-
faction.
And therefore we doubt not Yo' Majestys candid construc-
tion of our proceedings and endeavors, w"^*^ tho' ineffectual to
overcome the general dissatisfactions of the Country and their
Rcijresentatives in this affair of New York, Yet we think it our
duty to assure Yo'' Majesty that you reign entirely in the hearts
of Yo'' Virginia Subjects, and that there are none in all yo'
Jr. oJ b
oT
s». Jf!nrx::;i£ b-')qy;:^.y si*;
••'■I J ;?-
.{ biUj i.'b«'jT Tj
Slf; /J J cot; f';: jyY
oi! j; < •i-.j y.'jiji -j/V ,y'>rol !iui tu il;)J? sd OJ c
9As.J o^ b'-j; .K-y
; } f ,Air>( ■
COUNCIL PAPERS. 73
Dominions better affected to Yo"" Matys person and Govern-
ment than they are.
And upon this occasion we humbly take leave to congratulate
the wonderfull Success of Yo'' Ma''°^ Forces by Sea and land
in this last Summers expedition, and to pray to Almighty God
that the remaining part of yo'' auspicious Reign may answer
so glorious a begining, to yo' Maj*''^* immortal honour the terror
of yo"^ enemies, and the happiness of all yo'' Subjects and Allies
William Byrd E Jenings J Lightfoot
Benja Harrison Matthew Page James Blair
Robert Carter Phill. Ludwell jun' Wm Bassett
Jno. Custis -, . Hen. Duke.
Memorandum
April y^ 24"' 1703. His Excell'cy was pleased to appoint Major
Arthur Allen to be Naval Officer & Collector of the Virg'a
dutys in the Upper District of James River who thereupon took
the Oaths appointed by Act of parliam' to be taken in stead of
the Oaths of Allegiance & Supremacy Subscribed the Test &
took the Oath of Naval Officer, And entered into three sev'U
Bonds for the due execution of his Office with Henry Duke of
James City County Esq'' as his Security.
Money Furnished by Virginia to New York
Received of his Excellency Francis Nicholson Esq' her
Majestys Lieuten' and Governor Gen'll of her Colony and
Dominion of Virginia, three bills of Exchange all of the same
tenure & dale, upon Messieurs Micajah Perry Tho: Lane &
Rich'* Perry Merchants in London for the Sum of 900 lb. Sterl-
ing, which said Sum of 900 lb. Sterling is the Quota appointed
by his late Majestys Royal comands dated the 19'''' of January
1700-1 and by her present Majestys Royal commands dated the
day of to be furnished by her Matys s**
Colony of Virginia towards the ffortifications on the Frontiers
of New York ; but the Colony of Virginia having refused in the
er
u.. .
I <';rr'\
Jii
>u
74 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
Gen '11 Assembly to raise the s'' Sum of 900 lb. Sterling required
by the Crowii, & his s^ Excellency having given the s*^ three
Bills upon his own Credit, through the zeal he has for the
service of the Queen, I do hereby promise & engage that unless
the Queen shall be pleased to allow the s'^ bills to be paid out
of her Ma'tys Quitt rents of the Colony of Virginia the s'' bills
shall immediatly be cancelled & made void & of none effect
Witness my hand this 24''' day of May, 1703.
' ' ''' '^ ; ^ " ' - . Combury
Additional Instructions
Lurs Sigilli Anne R — to our Trusty and Welbeloved
Francis Nicholson Esq"" Our Lieut-
enant and Governor General of our
Colony and Dominion of Virginia.
Given at our Court at S* James's the
7'^ day of January 1702-3 in the first
year of our Reign.
Whereas it has been represented to us that Ships sailing from
our plantacons in America without Convoy during this time of
War are Subject to great hazards, and that diverse of them have
been taken by the Enemy to the great Loss and detriment of
our Loving Subjects: And whereas for the preventing the mis-
chiefs that may happen in that manner to the Trade of those
paaker Meeting records in which it is stated that Charles
wa.i theson of John and Anne Gorsuch, of the Kingdom of England, de-
ceased. The above evidence from the colonial records cited by him, led
the editor to the conclusion that John and Anne Gorsuch had four sons,
Richard, Robert, Charles and Lovelace, and three daughters, Katherine
W h i tty, Ruth Whitby and Anne Todd. Attenti on was further directed to
*As will be shown later, the correct reading of this name in the Lan-
caster records is Whitby not W/iiHy.
jThe reading Ru.'h Gorsuch is also an error in copying. The correct
reading in the original is Kalli Gorsuch. In modern terms she would
have been "Miss Kath Gorsuch."
GENEALOGY. " ' ' 83
the fact that the Gorsuch pedigree in the Visitation of London, 1633,
showed that the Rev. John Gorsuch, rector of Walkem, married Anne
Lovelace, sister of the poet Richard Lovelace and daughter of Sir William
Lovelace of Bethersden, Kent, and that in addition to the above, they
had three older sons, Daniel, John and William.
Recent researches by the writer in England and Maryland have added
very considerably to our knowledge of the Gorsuch and Lovelace fam-
ilies and their connections, and would seem to be of sufficient interest to
justify rewriting the Gorsuch pedigree with the new evidence upon which
the corrected pedigree is based, and also presenting a sketch of the Love-
lace family. Some of this new material has been obtained from English
wills and parish register records hitherto unpublished. Additional light
has also been thrown upon the subject by an examination of certain more
or less inaccessible printed publications. The Maryland records have
furnished much new information in regard to the Gorsuch family, while
the unpublished and recently published colonial records of New York
have cleared up many uncertain questions in regard to several members
of the Lovelace family. From the latter sources every doubt in regard
to the identity of Francis Lovelace, Governor of New York, has been
settled, so that it now is possible to give a more or less accurate sketch
of his life and to clear up the confusion which has so long existed in dis-
tinguishing between him and Francis Lovelace of Hurley. The photo-
graphs of the portraits and places of interest, so far as is known, have
never been previously published. Incidentally, in following the fortunes
of the various members of the Gorsuch family in their migration from
Virginia to Maryland, a fact of very great interest to students of Maryland
history has been established. This is that the first actual settlement
along the shores of the Patapsco, where the City of Baltimore now stands
and in its immediate neighborhood, was made about 1659 by a group of
settlers from Lancaster, County, Va. All the evidence points to the fact
that many if not all ul these settlers, were recent converts to Quakerism,
and that they left Virginia on account of religious persecution, just as a
decade before the Virginia Puritans had sought refuge in Maryland and
settled Providence, or as it was afterwards called Annapolis, and the
neighboring parts of Anne Arundel County.
Gorsuch Pedigree
In the Visitation of London 1033-5 (Ilarleian Society; Visitations Vol.
XV- [I. 327) there is to be found the pedigree of the Gorsuch family of
Bishopsgate Ward, London, recorded in 1633 by Daniel Gorsuch of Lon-
don, father of the Rev. John Gorsuch, who married Anne Lovelace. An
illustration and description of the Gorsuch arms accompanies the pedi-
gree.
I. "William Gor.such of London, Marchant, descended out of Lanca-
shire nigh Ormchurch." Married "Avice da. of Hillscn, brothers
daughter to Robert Hillson of London, Marchant." Issue.
S6
bu-.a
84 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. * '
•'*' II. "Danyell Gorsuch of London, Marchant, late Alderman's deputy of
•- ' Bishopsgate Ward living 1633." An illustration of the arms as borne by
■ ■•' ' Danyell Gorsuch (see illustration) is given and the statement is made
that they were by "Letters pattents dated L577 granted to Robert Hill-
son of London marchant by Clar. Cooke and continued to the descendants
of Gorsuch to bear as their paternal coate." Danyell Gorsuch is stated
to have married "Alice da of John Hall of London, marchant sometimes
one of the Bridge Maisters." Issue, 1 son and 1 daughter.
III. (l)"John Gorsuch, Rector of Walkhorne in Hertford, 1633."
Married "Anne da of Sir William Louelace of Kent, Kt., etc." and (2)
"Kalherin, wife of Thomas Haynes of Auborne Wiltshire." John and
Anne (Lovelace) Gorsuch had issue living 1633, 3 sons and 1 daughter.
IV. "Danyell Gorsuch aged about 4 yere ao 1633, John, William,
' ■ Catherine."
No efTort has been made by the writer to trace back the Gorsuch family
beyond William of Ormskirk (Ormchurch), Lancashire, but confirmation
of the Visitation pedigree and much additional data has been obtained
from independent sources. The will of Daniel Gorsuch, the father of the
Rev. John Gorsuch, has previously been published among Mr. Lathrop
Withington's Virginia Gleanings in England in The Virginia Magazine
(Vol. XVIT, p. 302-303). The will is quite lengthy and the reader is re-
ferred to the Magazine for its full details. Only a few points having a
' ' genealogical interest need be again referred to here. In this will dated
' • ■ October 0th, 1638 and proved November 24. 1638 in the Prerogative
■<" ' ■- Court of Canterbury, Daniel Gorsuch is de.-cribed as of Walkcrne, county
• '• Hertford, gent, late citizen and mercer of London. He refers to his wife
■'•' ' Alice and to "Mother Hall, deceased." He mentions his son John and
i"^' • the latter's wife Anne, and leaves to him sundry tracts of land, rents,
• • leases, etc., as well as horses and cattle about the parsonage grounds.
He leaves to his grandson John, son of his son John, certain freeholds in
Weston and settles certain other lands in Weston upon his son John's
five other children, Daniell, William, Kathcrine, Robert and Richard,
and upon any other children who may be bom to his son John. He also
makes a bequest of £500 to his daughter Katherine Haynes and leaves
to her husband Thomas Haynes £20 for mourning. To his daughter
'■' "'^ Ann Gorsuch (wife of John) he leaves £20. To his ^C£f50M Daniel Haynes
he leaves £.5. Reference is made to his brother-in-law Johnathah Browne,
Doctor of Civil Laws, his brother Richard Bcresford, his coscn Mar-
garet Browne, his coscn Barnard, and his coscn Edward Gorsuch in Lans.
To William Gorsuch he leaves his gold ring with W. G. engraved in it.
This will of Daniell Gorsuch is thus seen to confirm the Visitation pedi-
gree and moreover shows that there were two other children of his son,
John, viz. Robert and Richard, bom between the date of the Visitation
(1633) and the date of the will (October 6, 1638). The Visitation shows
that "my godson Daniel Haynes" of the will was in reality his grandson.
His brother-in-law Johnathan Browne, Doctor of Civil Laws, will be
GENEALOGY. '85
shown later to be the second husband of Anne Barne who, by her first
husband, Sir William Lovelace, was the mother of Anne Lovelace, who
had married the testator's son, John Gorsuch. The exact relationship
of the other persons mentioned in the will has not been determined.
An examination of the parish register of Ormskirk published bj- the
Lancashire Parish Register Society (Vol. XIII) shows numerous entries
under the name Gorsutch in the 16th and 17th centuries, although none
can be directly identified as of the immediate family of the Rev. John
Gorsuch. his father or grandfather, although Edw. Gorsuch, whose son
Edw. was buried July 1, 1611, may be "cosen Edward Gorsuch in Lans."
mentioned in the will.
The will of Alice Gorsuch. widow of the above mentioned Daniel Gor-
such, which the writer has recently been fortunate enough to locate and
to secure an abstract of, throws additional light upon the family. Alice
Gorsuch outlived her husband twenty-five years. Her will dated July
7, 1662, was proved February 3, 1662-3 in the Prerogative Court of
Canterbury.
Abstract of the will of Alice Gorsuch of Weston, co. Hertford, spinster,
dated 7 July, 1662. (Prerogative Court of Canterbury — Juxon. 17)
I give to my crandson Robert Gorsuch, £20
To my grandson Richard Gorsuch, £10-
To my granddaughter Elizabeth Powell, £10-
To my grandsons Charles and Lovelace Gorsuch, £10 apiece, all these
being children of my son John Gorsuch, D. D.
I\ly lease for about five years yet to come, of about £52 a year in the
parish of St. Olave, Southwark. payable by Frances Wilkinsonne and
Richard Daniell, shall be divided equally among six of my grandchildren,
viz. Johanna and Frances Gorsuch, daughters of my said son John, Ann
Gorsuch, daughter of my grandson Daniell Gorsuch, John Gorsuch, son
of my grandson William Gorsuch, and William and Elizabeth Whittby,
son and daughter of my granddaughter Katherine Whittby.
All the rest of my goods, leases, lands, etc. I give to my grandson
Daniell Gorsuch, gent., whom I make my executor.
(signed) Alice Gorsuch
Witnesses: Edmund Hinde, Dorothy Caesar, John Crouch
Proved 3 February 1662 (-3) by the executor named
The will shows that the widow at the time of her death was living in
Weston, a parish which adjoins Walkern, where her husband also owned
property. Mention is made of five grandchildren described as the chil-
dren of her son John Gorsuch, viz. Elizabeth Powell, Charles Gorsuch,
Lovelace Gor.such, Johanna Gorsuch and Frances Gorsuch, who were not
mentioned \n her husband's will and who therefore evidently were born
after the luLter's death in 163S, while the will shows that of the older
children of her son John at least three, viz. Daniel, Robert and Richard
86 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
Gorsuch were still living. The will leaves us uncertain as to whether
two other of her son John's older children viz. William Gorsuch and
Katherine Whittby, to whose children, however, bequests are made by
name, were still living. The term "spinster" as applied to the testatrix
in the probate was in common use, especially in Essex and thereabouts
even down to the early part of the ISth century, as the equivalent of
gentlewoman, whether married or single.
Cussan's History of Hertfordshire (Vol. II. Hundred of Broadwater,
p. 72-85), in a description of Walkern gives an interesting account of
Daniel Gorsuch and his son John Gorsuch, who became rector of this
parish. It appears that the living was at the disposal of the owner of the
rectory. After tracing the various owners through several centuries
it is stated that the rectory was "Purchased November 30, 1616, by Ed-
ward Beale of London, grocer, who sold it to Daniel Gorsuch of London,
merchant, who presented his son John Gorsuch D. D. as rector,
July 28, 1632, and built a new rectory for him." In the chancel of the
Walkern Church there is a handsome marble monument erected by Daniel
Gorsuch to his own memory and to that of his wife. The name Gorsuch
incised upon the monument is said to have been mutilated. This may
possibly have been done by some of the Puritan enemies of the rector
durmg the Civil Wars. Cussan, after commenting upon the error in the
inscription gives its reading as follows: "Daniel Gorsnor Citizen &
Mercer Of London In Ye Month of July 1638 Cavsed Ys Tombe To Be
Made For Himself & His Wife Alice By Whom He Had Three Children
lohn Katherine & Mary His Age Being Yn 69 Years 6 Monthes And Odd
Dayes, Who Died The Eighth Daye Of October Ao DO 1638." Cussan
in describing the monument says that it shows the arms of Gorsuch im-
paled with the arms of Hall. The writer has been fortunate in securing
a photograph of this monument. Cussan states that in the east window
of the Church there are four shields. One shield is charged viz. Sable;
two Bars engrailed between three Fleur-de-lys, or; Crest; Issuant from a
Ducal coronet a Lion rampant or, for Gorsuch. Another shield is
charged with the arms of The Mercers Company of which Daniel Gorsuch
was a member. The arms of Hall as impaled with Gorsuch on the monu-
ment are described viz. Argent; seme of Crosses— crosslct gules, three
Griffins heads erased sable. The Bishop's Transcripts of the Parish
Register of Walkern contain the entry that "Danyell Gorsuch of London,
merchant (was) buried Oct. 1638." The monumental inscription shows
that in addition to John and Katherine there was a daughter Mary who
apparently died young, as her name does not appear in the Visitation
among the children of Daniel and Alice Gorsuch, nor is she mentioned
in either her father's or mother's will.
An effort to obtain additional information in reference to the Gorsuch
family from the Parish Register of Walkern disclosed the fact that the
Register itself prior to IGSO was missing. Through the assistance of the
Registrar of the Lincoln Diocesan Registry, the writer was recently able
4
.SMIXAOAM ZiW ^^
n
li
TOMB OF DANIEL AND ALICE (HALL) GORSUCH
, , .. , South Side OF Chancel cfWalkekn Church,
r '. • : ABOVE THE SeDILIA
GENEALOGY. 87
to locate the "Bishop's Transcripts" of the Walkem Parish Register,
for a portion of the period which it was important to cover. For some
unexplained reason these Transcripts are not deposited in the Diocesan
Register, but from 1009 to 1813 with breaks from 1G42-1G60, and a few
others of shorter period, are now in the possession of Mr. W. O. Times of
Hawkins & Co., Hitchen, Hertfordshire. Mr. Times has kindly made
copies of the I7th century Gorsuch entries up to the break of 1G42.
Gorsuch Entries — Bishop's Transcripts of the Walkern Herts
Register
1G32 July 28 — John Gorsuch, Rector of Walkem, instituted.
1G33 November 26 — Katheren Gorsuch, daughter of John, baptised.
1G35 November 19 — Robert Gorsuch son of John and Anne his wife, bap-
tised.
1G37 April 19— Richard Gorsuch son of John and Anne his wife, baptised.
1G3S October 16— Danyell Gorsuch, London, merchant, buried.
1G38-9 March 13— Anna Gorsuch daughter of John and Anne his wife,
baptised.
1641 May 13— Elisabeth Gorsuch, daughter of John and Anne, baptised.
1642 August 25— -Charles Gorsuch, son of John and Anne, baptised.
1642 — John Gorsuch, rector of Walkem, ejected.
Among the marriages for 1639 is entered — 1639-40 March 15-Anna Gor-
such, daughter of John and Anna Gorsuch, baptised.
The Bishop's Transcripts are intact for the entire period of the Rev.
John Gorsuch's incumbency at Walkem. The Visitation (1G33) for-
tunately gives a list of the children born prior to the period covered by
the Walkem Transcripts (1632-1642). Daniel Gorsuch's will confirms
the Visitation and the Transcripts down to 1638, while from Alice Gor-
such's will (1G62) we are able to supply the names of several children
born after the eviction from Walkern, and are thus from various sources
enabled to construct what is probably a complete list of the children of
John and Anne Gorsuch. The only point of uncertainty is whether
Johanna Gorsuch mentioned in Alice Gorsuch's will is identical with
Anna of the Walkem Register or whether there were two daughters
Anna and Johanna.
The Rev. John Gorsuch appears to have been an aggressive Royalist.
In Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy, 1714 (part ii, page 251) there is an
account of the charges filed against John Gorsuch D. D. rector of Walk-
herne by the parliamentary party. As an example of the unrestrained
rancour of the times and as typical of the trumped up charges under
which hundreds of inoffensive clergymen of the established church were
persecuted and deprived of their livings, the charges are of sufficient in-
terest to publish, although some of the phrases employed are too coars^i
to reprint. The date here given is obviously incorrect and should read
T8
88 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ''''
1642 instead of 1652. The account in part is as follows: "In 1652. He
was the son of Daniel Gorsuch, of London, Mercer. The Charge against
him was the Hackney one of Drunkenness, as also Gaming, seldom
appearing in the pulpit, and observing the Orders of the Church. But
that which carrieth the greatest Vonom in it is that he had 'Endeavored
to hire one Jones to ride a Troop-Horse for Prince Rupert, to serve under
him against the Parliament, , and had pub-
lished a wicked Libel against the Parliament, that some of the Lords
who he named were Fools, Bastards and Cuckolds. And if this be not
enough to make him Scandalous and Malignant, I know not what is.'
He had been presented to the Living by his Father; who if I mistake not
had also built a new Parsonage-House from the Ground, before he gave
his son a Living." Cussan's History of Hertfordshire (idem) throws
additional light upon John Gorsuch's eviction. It quotes the following
order under date of October 26, 1647 contained in the Accounts of Plun-
dered Ministers (Add. Mss. 15671, fol. 253 Brit. Mus.) "Upon Com-
plaint made by Mr. Nath: Ward to whom ye Rectorie of Walkerne in ye
County of Harford is sequestered that Doctor Gorsuch from whom ye
same is secjuestered hath in com tempt of the sd. Sequestracon taken
awaie by force & detained from ye said Mr. Ward the corne of the gleab
of good value to the great p'iudice of the said Mr. Ward. It is therefore
ordered that the wife of the said Doctor Gorsuch doe shew cause before
this Comittce on the ISth day of November next whereof shee the said
Mrs. Gorsuch should not bee debarred of the 20 li a years granted her
in lieu of the 5th pt. for ye saide wronge & contempt & in case the said
Mr. Ward shall forbeare paymt of the said 20 li a yeare unto her in the
mean tyme. It is ordered that the said detainer shall not be accompted
a contempt of the said order of this Comittee." Cussan adds that the
Commissioners appointed by Parliament in 1650 reported that the
Walkern rectory was a "Rectory prcscntative of the value of £160 and
then held by Mr. Simon Smeath." It is also stated by Cussan that
there is a note made about 1740 by the Revd. Thomas Tipping,
Vicar of Ardeley in a copy of Chauncy's Historical Antiquities of
Hertfordshire which reads: "Dr. Gorsuch was smothered in a Hay-
mow. Fairclough of Weston acting Rascal! under Manchester, set a
body of rebels to Seize and eject Gorsuch for Smeath, Vicar of Weston.
Gorsuch betook himself to ye Haymow & there lost his life. He left a
very good name." It seems possible that Gorsuch dissatisfied with this
meagre allowance lost his life about 1647 in attempting to assert his legal
rights, if the story related by the Vicar of Ardley is really authentic.
On the other hand it is just possible that the story of his death was fabri-
cated to facilitate his escape, although certainly there is no authentic
record of him either in England or Virginia after this time. It is an
interesting fact that Smeath for whom he was ejected and who then
became rector of Walkern, was the vicar of Weston, the parish adjoining
Walkern. The Gorsuch family also owned property in Weston and lived
GENEALOGY. - . . . ■ gg
there after the eviction and prior to their emigration to Virginia. It is to
be noted that the Vicar of Ardley bears witness as to John Gorsuch's
good name, while as regards the motive for the charges made against
him we need not go further for an explanation than the desire of Smeath,
vicar of the adjoining parish of Weston to obtain the more lucrative
living at Wal kern and its new parsonage. An able assistant was found
in "Fairclough of Weston, acting Rascall under Manchester" who seems
to have brought to fruition the ambitions of the vicar of Weston.
The Gorsiicb family next reappear in Virginia. The Virginia Land
Office records show that a patent was issued February 22, 1G52 to Theo.
Hoane for 720 acres of land on the north side of the Rappahannock River,
for the transportation of fifteen persons into this colony. The names of
Elizabeth, Charles, Lovelace and Kath: Gorsuch head the list of "rights."
The fact that the patent to Theo. Hoane was issued at this date does not
mean that the individuals for whose transportation he received his land,
may not have been brought over by him some time previously. The
Virginia records do not show when or how Anne Gorsuch the mother
or lier children Robert, Richard and Anna came to the colony. It seems
probable thai they were the first to arrive and were followed later by
the three younger children, Elizabeth, Charles and Lovelace under the
charge of their oldest sister Katherine. That their mother had probably
come to Virginia as early as ICol is shown by the administration granted
upon her estate in England recently discovered by the writer. "Letters
of administration issued 2 June 1G.j2 to Daniel Gorsuch son of Anne Gor-
such, late of We.-:ton Co. Hertford, but deceased in parts beyond the
seas, widow" (Prerogative Court Canterbury; Admons. 1G52). While this
shows almoU conclusively that Anne, the widow of John Gorsuch, died
either in Virginia or at sea, it does not support the supposition bj' Bruce
(Institutional History of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century, Vol. I,
p. 17'J) and others, that her husband ever lived in Virginia. This assump-
tion would ajjpear to be based entirely upon the [petitions of 16o7 to the
Lancaster County, Virginia, court for the appointment of guardians for
some of the children of "John Gorsuch, professor in Divinity, dec'd."
Even if the story of John Gorsuch's death by sufTocalion in the hay mow
sometime about the year lGf7, be regarded with suspicion, this admin-
istration upon Anne Gorsuch's estate shows that she was a widow as
early as 1652. The explanation for the emigration of the widow Gorsuch
and her younger children to Virginia is probably to be found in her brother
Colonel Francis Lovelace's association with that colony. It will be re-
called that in 1G.>2 Francis Lovelace, who was then in Virginia, was en-
trusted by Berkeley, with the consent of the Parliamentary commission,
to carry to Charles the Second the news of the surrender to the repre-
sentatives of the Parliament of this colony (vid. Francis Lovelace).
The numerous connections between the Lovelace family and various
persons prominent in the early settlement of Virginia have already been
shown by the editor in the chart pedigree which accomp.anied the sketch
90 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
of the family in this Magazine, and seem sufficient to explain why Anne
Gorsuch selected Virginia as the place where her younger children should
cast their fortunes.
The Rev. John Gorsuch married Anne Lovelace, the daughter of Sir
William Lovelace, Knighl, of Bethersden, Kent, and his wife Anne Barne.
She was the sister of Richard Lovelace, the poet and cavalier, and of Col.
Francis Lovelace, Governor of New York. This marriage is proven not
only by the Gorsuch pedigree in the Visitation of London already re-
ferred to, but is confirmed by the will of her mother "Dame Anne Love-
lace," in 1632, which makes mention of "Anne Corsage, my daughter,"
to whom she bequeaths "my third suit of diaper which I made in the
Low Countries," and also refers to "Daniell Gorsage and his wife and my
son Gorsage." Under the will of her father, Sir William Lovelace,
dated 1622, his daughter Anne Lovelace was left by him "all my stock
and adventures in the East India Company with all the profits thereon
to be paid her at the age of twenty-one or marriage." Full abstracts
of these wills will appear later in an account of the Lovelace family. The
exact date of Anne (Lovelace) Gorsuch's birth is not known, but as her
eldest son was born in 1G2S or 1629, it would appear that she was married
not later than 1628. She was probably born about 1610. She died, as
has been stated, early in 1652 "in parts beyond the seas," doubtless in
Virginia.
The additional information which has come to light since the sketch of
the family by the editor, which appeared a few years ago in the Magazine,
was written, requires the correction of a few minor errors found there as re-
gards some of the children of John and Anne Gorsuch. In the sketch there
was published in full (page 28S) a letter dated December 6, 1669, from
Francis Lovelace, then Governor of New York, to Governor Berkeley
of Virginia, in which Lovelace refers to the appointment of "Mr. Tho.
Todd of Mockjack bay — Guardian to the will Whitbey's son by my niece
Mrs. Ruth Gorsuch." As no reference to a daughter of John and Anne
Gorsuch named Ruth has ever been found elsewhere, and as it is definitely
known from the will of John Gorsuch's mother, Alice Gorsuch, that the
eldest daughter Katherine married a man named Whittby and had by
him two children, William and Elizabeth, it has seemed advisable to
have the contemporary copy of the letter in question now in the Con-
gressional Library among the "Virginia Miscellaneous" of the Thomas
Jefferson Collection, reexamined to determine whether an error had not
been made in deciphering or copying the name in question. A tracing
of the name kindly made by one of the Library staff, very recently ob-
tained for me by the editor of the Magazine, who has assisted me in
every way in his power to straighten out these matters, shows that the
proper reading is Kalli Gorsuch, which makes the entire matter perfectly
clear, thus corroborating the will and establishing the fact that Kath-
erine Gorsuch married William Whitby, and that there was no daughter
named Ruth Gorsuch. An error which has also occurred in transcribing
.tWf
nv
ai ^c-'ij'M oi
<tiii.j 111 ' ji'i/i li'
GENEALOGY.
91
he Lancaster records, previously referred to in a footnote, by which
wtiur^ , H T'" '^""'' " "— -ly -ade to read Katherine
n fully anc] wh:ch gave rise to an erroneous conclusion that one of the
Gorsuch sisters married a Whitty and another sister a Whitby, would
seem to make it advisable to publish here in full the petitions and orders
of he Lancaster Court as very recently transcribed for the present
Robert & Charles Gorsuch. sonnes & Coheirs of John Gorsuch, professo;
of Divinity, dec'd^did by their petition presented to this Court noiate (?
that their sister Katheryn Whitby, widd. their guardian for such estate
as doth any ways belong to them in Englande. The Court taking the
question into consideration did accordingly admitt & approve of the s'd
Katheryn guardian according to the request of petitioners. At this
Court persona ly appearing Richard, Robert & Charles Gorsuch sonnes
& Coheirs of John Gorsuch, professor in Divinity, dec'd. did by their
pe 1 ion presented to this court noiate (?) that Francis Morrison Esc^
their guardian for such estate as doth any ways belong to them in Vir-
ginia, craving this court to admit thereof, of such request this Court
taking consideration did admitt & approve of the s^ Coll. Franc
Morrison according to the request of the petitioners. (Lanc'te
County Records Vol. 1656-LXVI p. 7). ancasier
A brief statement of ceriain facts known in regard to the twelve children
of John and Anne (Lovelace) Gorsuch, before considering each child sco"
t"e thfrd" W ;;'" '^ °^"^^"^^- ^^ ^^^-^^ ^^^ ^'^'-'-^' Daniel and
c\a d o T T """"^' •" ^"^'''^"^- Nothing is really known in
been thl T ''" "^"^^ "' '" ^'^^"^ '° ^'•^"^•^^' ^^o appears to have
been the youngest son; possibly neither of them reached maturity. Nor
fereCc tor''""^' '"°T '" "^^^' ^° J^^^""^ °^^- ^^an^ mere
possible t.tth" ^-"dmother's will. As already stated, it seems
known ; ?r ""'"? " ""''''''' " "^^'^'^'°" °f ^""''^' ^hose history is
known. I so the number of children is reduced to eleven. Seven of the
Char?" Ir :''■ ^'^'^""^' ^°'^^^^' ^-^-d- A"-' EH.abeth
se tlin^;'Tn T''<^' ''"' '° ^"^^'"'^^ "^°"' ^«^- ^' thereabouts
w- rd .o . h" ^°"'^' ^-ih.unc marrying in Virginia and aflerl
Im 1 h '"ir^o "^ ' "u""^ '" ^"2''''"^^' '^' °^'^- ^i- ^^-"-ving to Mary-
^e P uau o " "I''" ' '"^' ^^^" '^^^^' ^^■^^''"'' - ^'- -^^h side of
the I atapsco nvcr at or near where the city of Baltimore now stands
Anna, whose husband Captain Thomas Todd of Gloucester Countv*
K- ulednc "'^ ' "'"'^^ °" ^'^ ^^^^'^^^° ^ ^-^ y-- later, ad
cavl ' vi "n r^r^f ^;^°'^''''' ^'"^"^ ^° ^^^^ ^°th married before
AnnTfJ ' ; ''' ^^'■^"'^ ""^ '^^h^'^a^ T°dd and his wife
Anna remained as permanent settlers on the Patapsco Richard and
fo^a few "^^ ^"' ^'^ ^°^^^"^' ^''^^^ ---"-^^ '" Baltiitre Coun y
for a few years, later moved to Talbot County on the Eastern Shored
19
92 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
with which section they were afterwards identified. Robert Gorsuch
returned to England a few years after coming to Maryland, and does not
reappear in the colonies. Several of the Gorsuch brothers and sisters
who came to Maryland were Quakers. Whether they became converted
to Quakerism in Virginia and emigrated to Maryland on account of the
repressive measures exerted against this sect in Virginia at this time,
cannot be certainly determined, but seems very probable. It is certain
that Charles and Lovelace Gorsuch were Quakers, as their names figure
conspicuously in the Maryland Quaker records. The same may be said
of the Powell family. Nothing certain has been learned of the religious
afhliations of Richard or Robert Gorsuch, although a deed from Richard
Gorsuch to Thomas Powell dated "the 12th day of the 11th month called
February" has a distinct Quaker flavor. There is nothing to suggest
that Thomas Todd or his wife were Quakers.
The record of the establishment of this little colony stretched along
the north shore of the Patapsco and made up of various members of the
Gorsuch family would appear to begin with an entry in the Maryland
Land Oihce records which reads "July 16, 1659, Warrants granted the
undersigned conditionally that they enter Rights and seat their land
between this and the 25th of March next: Thomas Powell 700 acres;
Walter Dickinson 600 acres; Robert Gorsuch 300 acres; Richard Gorsuch
300 acres; Howell Powell 300 acres; William Ball 500 acres; William
Clapman jur. 500 acres; Richard Ball 500 acres; Thos. Humphry 600 acres;
Hugh Kcnsey 400 acres (Md. Patents Vol. IV, fol. 51). Most of these
names occur soon after in the Quaker records of the province, so that it
seems C[uite probable that they were a little group of Quaker colonists
who had come up from Virginia to take up the recently opened lands on
the Patapsco in Baltimore County, which appears to have been erected
into a county this same year. The Gorsuches, Powells, Claphams,
Dickensons, Balls, Kinseys (Kenseys) and Humphreys are known to have
come from Lancaster County, while the Todds, who came a year or two
later, were from Gloucester. That the conditions in regard to entering
their rights and seating their lands were complied with by the warrantees,
is shown by the subsequent entries in the records of the Land Ofhce of
certificates of survey, and finally by the issuance of patents to all whose
names appear in the warrant of 1659. July 28, 1659 a tract of 500 acres
called "Gorsuch" was surveyed for RoVjert Gorsuch, planter, on the north
side of the Patapsco river "respecting" (i. e. opposite) the land of Hugh
Kcnsey on the south side of the river (Md. Patents, Vol. IV, fol. 22S),
and a patent issued February 13, 1659-60 (Idem. fol. 322). July 29. 1659
a tract called "Richardson" of 500 acres was surveyed for Richard Gor-
such, planter, on the north side of the Patapsco east of Welshman's
Creek, and the patent issued February 14, 1659-60 (Idem. fol. 234 & 311).
Thomas Powell and Richard Gorsuch May 13, 16G1 entered rights for
transporting various members of the Powell and Gorsuch families into
Maryland (Idem. fol. 551). As will be shown later the Powells were from
Corotoman River, Lancaster County (see Elizabeth Gor.sucli)- Love-
lace Gorsuch, August 1, 1661, had surveyed for him "Cold Comfort" 50
J't.'
GENEALOGY. 93
acres on the north side of the middle branch of the Patapsco (Idem. Vol.
V, fol. 18). Charles Gorsuch, August 3, 1G61 had surveyed for him
"Whetstone Point" 50 acres, comprising that part of the present city
of Baltimore now occupied in part by Fort McHcnry. Among the others
who received lands on the Patapsco under the warrant of July IG, 1G59,
William(CIapman) Clapham, Jur. is referred to a few years later in a power
of attorney from Thomas Todd, dated 1G70, empowering Todd to transfer
lands which Clapham had taken up in Baltimore County, as "William
Clapham of Lancaster County, Va." (Baltimore Deeds I. R.:P. P. fol.
88). William Ball and Richard Ball, each of whom received warrants
for 500 acres (,f land under the warrant of 1G59 and became settlers on the
Patapsco, have been shown by Dr. Christoi^hcr Johnston to be the sons
of Colonel William Ball, of Lancaster County, the progenitor of the dis-
tinguished Virginia !"amily of that name (Virginia Mag. Vol. VII p. 440
and Vol. VIII p. SO). Hugh Kinsey and Thomas Humphrey have been
shown by Mr. Miles Wh.ite, in his Ancestry of Johns Hopkins, to have
also come from Lancaster County (Publications Southern Historical
Association.. Vols. IV. p. 395 and V, p. 300). Walter Dickenson, another
one of the warrantees w^ho patented land on the Patapsco is without
doul:it the individual of the same name who appears in 1654 among the
tithables of Lancaster County (Va. Mag. Vol. V, p. 158 el seq.) It seems
highly probable that an investigation of the headrights which these
settler.i from Lancaster brought into the province, would show that very
many of these were also from Lancaster.
That a vltv considerable proportion of the early settlers in Maryland
drifted v.p the Chesapeake from Virginia, has always been known. While
lands along the Patapsco had been patented by a few prominent residents
of Anne Arundel County as early as 1651, is also well known, but as Mr.
C. W. Bump has shown, all the evidence points to the fact that these men
were merely speculating in lands and did not become bona fide settlers
on the Patapsco (Md. Hist. Mag. Vol. Ill, p. 51-GO). Infact nopatentsup-
on the Patap'^co appear to have been issued between 1G51 and the date of
the issuance of the above mentioned warrant of July IG, 1G59. That the act-
Uv-.l settlement of the Patapsco and the foundation of what afterwards
became Baltimore City dates from the latter year has always been gen-
erally recognized. It is interesting to find however, that many if not all
of these first acual .settlers were probably a group of friends who came up
together from Lancaster County and that the probable motive of their
migration was religious persecution, as most of them arc known to have
been Quakers, and it was at this time that Virginia began to put into full
effect the various repressive measures against the numerous recent con.
verts to this sect, in order to drive them out of that colony.
To the very numerous descendants of certain of the children of the
Rev. John Gorsuch and his wife Anne Lovelace living in Virginia and
Maryland anrl elsewhere throughout the country, some account of thc-se
children and their descendants to the fourth generation, where it has
been possible to trace them, will doubtless be of interest.
(To be Continued)
94 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
The Ancestops and Descendants of John Rolfe with Notes
OF Some Connected Families.
The Fleming Family.
(Continued)
9. John^ Fleming; b. ; d. April 21, 1767, in Cumberland County;
m. ; Susanna .
John Fleming lived in Cumberland, doubtless at "Maiden's Adventure"
which had been left him by his father. He was a lawyer, and soon ob-
tained note at the bar, and an extensive practice. His fee book, covering
the period 1754-1766, has been preserved, and shows the extent of his
practice. In 1756, he was elected a member of the House of Burgesses
for Cumberland, and represented that county continuously for eleven
years, until his death in 1767 {Journals of the House of Burgesses). When
the political troubles with England began, he sided with the advanced
adherents of colonial rights, and became the warm friend of Patrick
Henry, and a supporter of the measures he advocated. Wirt and Henry,
in their lives of Henry, state that John Fleming of Cumberland, and
George Johnston of Fairfax, were the only members to whom Patrick
Henry showed his famous resolutions of 1765, before offering them in the
House. Edmund Randolph in his manuscript fragment on the history
of Virginia, says "The resolutions offered by Mr. Henry are understood
to have been written by Mr. John Fleming, a member for Cumberland
County, distinguished for his patriotism, and the strength of his under-
standing."
The Virginia Gazette, April 30, 1767, contains a notice of the death of
Col. Fleming: "On Tuesday, the 21st of this instant died, at his home in
Cumberland, Col. John Fleming, member of the Assembly for that
county, and an eminent practitioner in the law. He was a gentleman of
distinguished merit and abilities, which makes his death much lamented
by all who had the pleasure of his acquaintance, and may be considered
a public loss."
The following is an abstract of his will, dated April 7, 1763, and proved
in Cumberland April 27, 1767: "I John Fleming, of Cumberland Co.,
attorney at law. In compliance with will of deceased father John Flem-
ing, have given my brother Charles Fleming, land on Willis' Creek. To
wife Susanna my land at and adjoining Maiden's Adventure, including
100 acres I purchased of Wm. Dudley and 100 of Silvester Alford, for her
life, and at her death, to my son John. To my wife 3001 acres in Lunen-
burg Co., I purchased of Hugh Miller, and two lots in Gatesville [Ches-
terfield Co.] and also all my slaves and personal estate. Wife to provide
for the maintenance and education of the children. To son John the
violin I bought of Col. Hunter, and my case of razors. * * * Ap-
point my brothers Thomas, William, and Richard guardian of my son
John, and my daughters."
-13!
• ?•
1 V. •,. a I; MARY BULLING,
. I .>.' Wife OF Col. John Fleming, Sr.
Negative Property of
H. P. Cook, Photographer,
Richmond, Va.
> SU ill
GENEALOGY. -" " ' 95
Col. John^ and Susanna Fleming had issue.
t 17. John*; b. ; killed at the battle of Princeton, Jan. 3d, 1777;
never married.
t IS. Mary''; married (1) Warner Lewis, Jr., of "Severn Hall," Glou-
cester Co.; (2) Ellis; died without surviving issue, leaving Susan
Lewis, afterwards Mrs. Byrd, her chief legatee {Vouchers in Va. Land
Office).
t 19. Susanna*, married Addison Lewis of Gloucester Co. (See geneal-
ogies of Lewis and Byrd families).
There is on record in Goochland, a deed dated September, 1777, from
Mary Fleming daughter of John Fleming, deceased, attorney at law, con-
veying to Wm. Fleming, of Powhatan Co., attorney at law, and Charles
Fleming, Captain in the Seventh Virginia Battallion in the Army of the
United States of America; for love and affection to the said Wm. and
Charles, her uncles, one full moiety of a tract of land in Goochland, on
the north side of James River, and on both sides of Little Lickinghole
Creek, containing 750 acres, which tract v/as devised to Thomas Fleming,
uncle of said Mary, by the will of John Fleming deceased, dated Nov.
1756, and recorded in Cumberland, and was devised to John Fleming,
father of the said Mary, by the will of the said Thomas Fleming, dated
Goochland, Jul^' 1759, and also all the right of the said Mary in the slaves
and other per.sonal estate of the said Thos. Fleming, who made John,
father of the said Mary, his residuary legatee; said Wm. and Charles to
pay all debts due from the estate of her father, John Fleming, deceased.
There is also recorded in Goochland, a deed dated Nov. 11, 1777, from
Warner Lewis, Jr., of .Severn Hall, Gloucester Co., to John Page, of Rose-
well, conveying a tract of land in Goochland, called Dover, containing
700 acres, which had lately become vested in the said Mary and Susannah
Fleming her sister, as co-heirs of their brother John Fleming, deceased.
The two sisters, Mary and Susanna Fleming, appear to have lived
much in Williamsburg, and a letter written from that place has been pre-
served. . • .
Williamsburg April 16, 1777 ■ ;. ' :•
"My Dearest Uncle,
I received your favor acquainting me of your having been five days
under Inoculation, and have since had the pleasure to hear that you have
recover'd from the Small-Pox; ten thousand blessings on the kind old
woman that nursed you, Robinson I think is her name, I shall ever hold
it in high veneration for the tenderness she has shewn towards you; for
my sake, for the- sake of all the friends you have left behind, be as careful
of your Health as your situation will allow, let me not be depriv'd of all
that's dear; already have I lost too much in the best & most lov'd of
Brothers [Jno. F. killed at Princetoni — You also my Uncle know what
it is to have lost a Brother; [Col. Thos. F.J I thought of your situation
at the time of his Death, and believe me I sufTer'd more for the surviver,
29
96 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
than for Him whom I trust is supremely blest and out of the reach cf
those distresses we poor mortals are subject to, & no doubt looks down
with pity and compassion on thofc he has left behind him, & wor.d^rs
how they can be so short-sighted as to grieve for those who en-^ny the
blessings prepared for them who die in the Lord; they enjoy that hap[)i-
ness which no tongue can tell, no pen describe, nor has it enter'd into the
Heart of Man to Conceive.
I have the pleasure to tell you that my Uncle Wm. is much better
than you left him, and in a fair way of recovering entirely. I w/otc to
him respecting our living with Mr. Webb, but have received no ansv.er
yet.
I suppose you have receiv'd my poor dear Brother's things by this
time, if he shou'd have left any letters, shall be oblig'd to you to take
particular care of them. I wrote to Him by Colonel Bland but as he
did not get there before the Death of my Brother, shou'd be obliged to
my dear Uncle if he will enquire of Him what he did with the letter, and
if he has not destroy'd it get it and commit it to the flames. My sister
desires her love to you and will write by the next opportunity. Miss
Polly Clayton's best wishes attend you, & when you have accepted of
my love & duty conclude nie
Your most afTcct.
and faithful Niece
Mary Fleming"
Mr. and Mrs. Webb desire their love and best wishes to you.
M. F."
"Capt. Charles Fleming
of the 7th Virginia Reg."
Some time prior to 1777, a Williamsburg versifier, supposed to have
been St. George Tucker, or Dr. McClurg, wrote lines intitled "The
Belles of Williamsburg," describing the leading beauties and belles of
the capital city. An annotated copy was printed in the Richmond
Standard, of July 16, 18S1. The stanzas relating to the Fleming sisters
arc as follows;
"- ' ' IV
"Advance Then, each illustrious maid
In order bright, to our parade
With Beauty's ensigns gay;
And first, two nymphs, who, rural plains ^'>'T^t -
Forsook, disdaining rustic swains
No where exact their sway ' ^ a ' '
-ft "lUcY
/ol T:orf1
■<C7
GENEALOGY. ^ 97
V
Myrtilla's * beauty who can paint?
The well turned form and glowing tint
May deck a common creature
But who can make th' expressive soul
With lively sense inform the whole
And light up every feature?
VI
At church Myrtilla lowly kneels
No passion but devotion feels
No smiles her looks environ
But let her thoughts to pleasure fly
The basalisk is in her eye
And on her tongue the syren.
VII
Fond youth no longer gaze; beware!
Lest, once enslaved, the dangerous fair
Should leave you in the lurch
The god whom poets make their care
I supplicate that I may ne'er
Behold her but at church.
VIII
More rigorous beauty, fresher bloom
With tints from Nature's richest loom
In Sylvia's! features glow
Would she her sister's arts apply
And catch the magic of her eye
She'd rule the world below."
*Miss Fleming \Miss S. Fleming."
(.To be Continued)
Harrison of Northern Virginia.
^ ' ■' ' (Continued)
Before continuing the genealogy it is desirable to give some corrections
and additions derived from later information.
3. Thomas-' Harrison (XXIII, 215, 21G) had, in addition to the sons
named, a daughter Elizabeth who married in 1727, Benjamin Bullitt,
of Prince William Co., who died in 1757. She was the mother of Cuthbert
t9
IIV
.*/iJi HI Utiww 3iij
{b9fO'
:j-..>:o;ivo:>crr..- ^v ;;;j
1 T>rToV
98 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
Bullitt and other children. Thos.^ Harrison also had daughters Frances
who married Valentine Peyton (who died in 1751) and Ann Frances who
married John McMillan.
5. Burr'* Harrison (XXIII, 331, 332) had 15. Jane, who appears cer-
tainly to have married Triplett; 22. George, bom 1737, married
Elizaticth, daughter of Tavenner Beale and removed to Kentucky; 17.
Elizabeth, born 1741; married Linton; 21. Sarah, born 1740,
married Col. Lion Powell.
36. Sarah, wife of Rev. Thomas Harrison (XXIII, 444) died Dec. 16,
1842.
34. Frances Harrison married Wiley Short. '
18. BuRR^ Harrison (Burr*) of Prince William County, was born
June 16, 1734, and died Aug. 2, 1790. The Virginia Council Journal 1776-7,
p. 347, shows that he was colonel of the militia of his county. He was a
member of the House of Delegates 1778. He married, Sept. 1760, Mary
Ann, daughter of Matthew Barnes. His will was dated Feb. 5, and proved
in Prince William Feb. 7, 1701. His legatees were, his wife Mary Ann,
daughter Ann Catherine Harrison, son Matthew, son Cuthbert (to whom
he gave a military claim for 2000 acres in Kentucky &c), son Thomas (to
whom he gave land purchased from testators brother Cuthbert Harrison),
a daughter Mary Ann Harrison. Mrs. Mary Ann Harrison died Dec. 2,
1803. Her will was proved Jan. 2, 1804.
Issue: 56. Ann Catherine, born Oct. 23, 1761, died Dec. 6, 1839; married
April 5, 1793, by Rev. Thomas Harrison, Francis Hereford; 57. Matthew'^;
58. Jane, bom 1765; 59. Burr^, born 1767; 60. Cuthbert", born Dec. 28,
1768. died Sept. 26. 1795, unmarried; 61. Ann Barnes, born Feb. 20, 1771;
62. Thomas«, born May 22, 1774; 03. Mary Ann, born May 1, 1776.
20. Matthew'' Harrison (Burr"*) was born Oct. 7, 1738, and died .
He y.as a merchant at Dumfries. He married (I) Miss Slaughter, (2)
Miss Wood, sister of Governor James Wood; (3) Miss Webb; (4) Eleanor
Tyler.
Issue: (1st. m) 64. Matthew", went to Bermuda, married and died
there; (2d. m) 65. Daughter, married Obed. Waite of Winchester, Va.,
66. Daughter, married Col. Andrew Wood, of Romney, now W. Va.; 67.
Daughter, died unmarried; (3d. m.) 68. George", went to Kentucky; 69.
Fanny, married Mr. Jones and went to Kentucky; (4th. m.) 70. Charles,
went to sea in early life and was not heard of after 1S13; 71. Gustavus"; 72,
William Alexander"; 73. Eleanor, married Wm. P. Hale of Loudoun Co.,
and removed to Mason Co. in 1817; 74. Nancy, married Dr. Elias T.
S^fTord, of Gallipolis, Ohio, who removed to Parkersburg, now W. Va.;
75. Frederic Tyler", died unmarried.
23. Wii.i.iam'' Harrison (Thomas') married Jane . She married
secondly Mallory.
.av.
b^!-!-.
;l:^^
b''i!j Lrn L>nii.n;
GENEALOGY. ' . ^^
Issue (Harrison): "76. William", died unmarried in 1791, leaving his
estate to his brother Burr, and sister Lucy Mallory, late Lucy Harrison;
77. Burr*'; 87. Lucy, married Mallory.
37. John Pkyton'' Harrison (Thomas^), of Fauquier County, was bom
about 1718. He was appointed by the State of Virginia ensign in the
2d regiment, Sept. 21, 1775, and by Congress Jan. 23, 1776; 2d. lieutenant
June 177G, Captain May 4, 1777. He appears to have resigned Sept. 27,
1780, and on March 10, 1783, received from Virginia 3000 acres of land for
three years service. He was appointed a justice of Fauquier Co. in 1787.
He married (1) Jan. 12, 1779, Frances (born March 4, 1754, died April 6,
1795), daughter of John Peyton, and (2) in 179G, Elizabeth (born 1761,
died July 25, 1816), daughter of Yelverton Peyton (see Hayden's Virginia
Genealogies, 510, 511).
Issue: (1st. m.): 79. Robert Peyton'^, born Oct. 10, 1779, died without
issue at Dumfries; 80. Seth, bom March 18, 1781, married Mr. Atwell,
of Middleburg; 81. John Peyton^, born Oct. 6, 1782, died Aug. 4, 1786; 82.
Sarah Ann, born Oct. 31, 1784, married Short; 83. Frances, bom
June 4, 1787, died unmarried; 84. Elizabeth, bora April 24, 1789, died
April 27, 1862, married Gabriel Freeman; 85. Jane Linton, bom April 27,
1791, died in the District of Columbia Jan. 19, 1870, married Feb. 13, 1817,
Nelson Green, of Fauquier Co.; (2d m.) 86. Dr. DanieF, married Jane
Cecilia, daughter of Thos. Harrison and granddaughter of Rev. Thos.
Harrison (and had issue: a. Walter Peyton**; married 1st. ; 2d
Catherine S. Conway; 3d. Elizabeth W. Conway; b. Thomas^).
Dr. Daniel Harrison was not a son of Thomas^ Harrison as previously
stated.
(To be Continued)
The Blackw?ll Family.
(By Miss Stella Pickett Hardy, Batesville, Ark.)
(Continued)
5-1. Lucy Pickett, b. May 2, 1707; d. 1825; m. Sep. 13, 1787, Hon.
Charles Marshall, of Warrenton, Va., b. Jan. 31, 1767; d. 1805; son of
Col. Thomas & Mary Randolph (Keith) Marshall, of "Oak Plill,"
Fauquier Co., Va., and had issue.
6-2. Ann Pickett, b. 1770; m. cir. 1790, Francis Brooke, of Fauquier
Co., Va., Clerk of the County Court, 1793 to 1805. Son of Humphrey
& Ann (Whiting) Brooke, of Fauquier Co., Va., and had issue,
5-3. Judith Pickett, b. 1772; m. Stanton Slaughter, of Culpeper Co.,
Va., son of Col. Robert Slaughter, of "The Grange" Culpeper Co., Va.,
and his wife Miss Stanton; and had issue.
5-4. Mildred Pickett, b. June 1, 1777; d. Mar. 22, 1805; m. Jan. 9, 1794,
William Clurkson, of Fauquier Co., Va., son of Henry Clarkson of
Stafford Co., Va., and his wife Dorcas; and had issue.
QQ
.8
100 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ' '
5-5. Geor-ge Blackwell Pickett, of Madison Co., Ala., b. 1779 in Fau-
quier Co., Va.; d. 1820 in Huntsville, Ala , removed to Alabama, about
1S2G, and located in Madison Co.; m. in Richmond, Va., 1S18, Courtney
Heron, b. 1797 in Richmond, Va.; d. 1865 in Lexington, Ky.; daughter
of James & Sarah (Taylor) Heron, of Richmond, Va., and had issue.
5-6. Leticia Pickett, b. 1780; d. 1802; m. Hon Charles Johnston, of
Richmond, Va., son of Hon. Peter & Martha (Butler) Johnston, of
"Chiny Grove," Prince Edward Co., Va., and had issue. He married
second, Elizabeth Prentiss Steptoe, daughter of Hon. James & Frances
(Calloway) Steptoe, of "Federal Hall," Bedford Co., Va.
5-7. Elizabeth Pickett, b. 17SS; m. 1805, Judge John Scott, of Fauquier
Co., Va.. b. Feb. 3, 1781 :d. Jan. 17, 1850; son of Rev. John & Eli:.abeth
(Gordon) Scott, of "Gordondale," Fauquier Co., Va., and had issue.
5-S. Steptoe Pickett, of Limestone Co., Ala., b. at "Paradise," Fau-
quier Co., Va., June 22, 1790, d. in Limestone Co., Ala., Dec. 16, 1843;
removed to Alabama in 1821; m. in Westmoreland Co., Va., Jan. 10,
1811, Sarah Orrick Chilton, b. at "Currioman," Westmoreland Co.,
Va., Oct. 2, 1793; d. in Limestone Co., Ala., Feb. 19, 1865; daughter,
Orrick & Felicia (Corbin) Chilton, of "Currioman" Westmoreland
Co., Va., and had issue.
4-4. Lucy Blackwell, b. 1749; m. Sep. 24, 1773, William Stanton of,
Fauquier Co., Va., Issue, among others,
5-1. Joseph Blackwell Stanton, of Tennessee.
4-5. Leticia Blackwell, b. Oct. 3, 1750; m. Apr. 10, 1768, Capt. John
Chilton, of "Rock Spring," Fauquier Co., Va., b. Aug. 29, 1739, in
Westmoreland Co., Va., d. Sep. 11, 1777 on the Battlefield of Brandy-
wine; served in the Revolution, Captain of 3rd Virginia, Apr. 29, 1776,
(Hcitman's Historical Register, p. 154.) A number of most interesting
letters written by him, during his military career, are now in the
possession of his descendants, also a diary. Son of Thomas & Jemima
(Cooke) Chilton, of Westmoreland Co., Va., Issue,
5 1. Thomas Chilton, of Kanawah Co., Va., b. May 10, 1767; m. 1797,
Jane Corbin, b. Sep. 6, 1779; d. 1843; daughter of Hon. Gawin &
Joanna (Tucker) Corbin, of Middlesex Co., Va., no issue.
5-2. George Chilton, of Henry Co., Ky., b. July 5, 1770; d. 1852; m.
Mary Ellen Ball, b. 1771; d. 1855; and had issue.
5-3. Nancy Chilton, b. Oct. 8, 1771; m. Augustine Smith, b. Sep.
28, 1774; son of Thomas & Elizabeth (Adams) Smith, of Fauquier Co.,
Va., and had issue.
5-4. Lucy Chilton, b. Dec. 20, 1773; m. John Hansdell, of Fauquier
Co., Va., and removed to Henry Co., Ky., and had issue.
5 5. Joseph Chilton, of Fauquier Co., Va., b. Sep. 20, 1774; d. Nov.
10, 1841; m. Apr. 25, 1795, Ann Smith, b. June 20, 1775; d. 1820;
daughter of Capt. Thomas & Elizabeth (Adams) Sm.ith, of Fauquier
Co., Va., and had issue.
.aMRASAM JA'5t-»r- m: t-^v 001
,10 noir.
I ri!j.::H_ y^ .i.;r_>r
'^' GENEALOGY. -^- ''■'•'■ '- '^^^J^- fQl
4-G. Joseph Blackwell, of Fauquier Co., Va., bo. 1752; served in the
Revolutionary War, as Major in the Subsistence Department Vir-
ginia Line; received a large grant of land in Kentucky for his service.
He was a signer of the Westmoreland Protest of 177G; He was a staunch
Churchman, a Vestryman of Dettcngen Parish, Prince William Co.,
Va.; m. 1783, Mrs. Anne Eustace Hull, widow of Capt. Edwin Hull, of
15th Va.; killed Sep. 15, 1780; and daughter of Isaac & Agatha (Conway)
Eustace, of Staffonl Co., Va., Issue,
5-1. Ann Blackwell, b. 1786; d. 1873; m. 1802, John Hancock Gaskins,
b. 1781; d. 1851; son of John & Frances Sinah (Cole) Gaskins, and had
issue.
5-2. Joseph Blackwell, b. 1788; m. Elizabeth Blackwell Edmonds,
b. 1791; d. 18G0; Issue,
6-1. Octavia Edmonds Blackwell, m. 1832, John Chilton, and had
issue.
6-2. Elizabeth Miller Blackwell, m. 1835, James Edmonds.
6-3. Jane Blackwell, b. 1820; d. unm.,
6-4. Ann Blackwell, d. young.
6 5. Joseph Blackwell, d. young. ^ ,,
6 6. Elias Blackwell, d. young.
&-7. Frances Blackwell, d. young.
6-8. James DeRuyter Blackwell, C. S. A., b. 1828; m. 1851, Judith
Emma Edmonds, b. 1828; daughter of Capt. Elias Edmonds, of
Fauquier Co., Va., had issue 1. Frances Blackwell, b. 1852; 2.
Joseph Wildy Blackwell, b. 1854; 3. Elias Edmonds Blackwell, b.
1855; m. 1SS2, Fannie Grayson Blackwell, b. 1858; daughter of
Moore Carter & Sarah Alexander (Foote) Blackwell; 4. Edmonia
Blackwell, b. 1857; d. 1860; 5. Elizabeth Miller Blackwell; 6.
Adeline Blackwell; 7. Austin Edmondson Blackwell; 8. DeRuyter
Blackwell.
5-3. John Blackwell, b. 1791; d. 1866; m. (first) 1819, Rebecca Daven-
port, d. 1831; daughter of John & Ellen H. Davenport, of Frederick
Co., Va.; (second) 1832, Frances Cordelia Digges, d. 1860; daughter
of Edward & Ann (Eustace) Digges; (third) 1862, Catherine R.
Diddes; Issue by 1st m.
6-1. Joseph Blackwell, b. 1819; m. 1842, Lucy Blackwell Smith,
b. 1822; daughter of Col. William Rawley & Lucy (Blackwell)
Smith, Issue,
7-1. William Blackwell. 7-2. John Blackwell,
7-3. Joseph Blackwell, 7-4. Lucy Blackwell,
7-5. Edwin Smith Blackwell, b. 1849; m. 1878, Anna Leavell,
daughter of John Leavell, of Culpeper Co., Va., had issue 1.
Agnes Newton Blackwell, b. 1880; 2. Louise Steptoe Blackwell,
b. 1881; 3. Nannie Leavell, b. 1882. ^
7-6. Agnes Conway Blackwell, b. 1852; d. 1877.
fOI
v1 . '•
-i-v/uvl •..lv^r^ia k^rxi iJi>-!rn n tavt f-
n nr!:7'»(w.ij
.ST
ner b ...
102 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
;,i.il . ,• 7-7. James Blackwell.
. y. 6-2. Ellen Harris Blackwell, b. 1820; d. 1878; m. 1839, Richard M.
\ ,,,! ,,, Smith, son of Col. William Rawley & Lucy (Blackwell) Smith,
' - and had issue.
, 6-3. John Davenport Blackwell, D. D., b. 1822; d. 1887; an eminent
' . Methodist Divine, served in C. S. A., as Chaplain of 18th Va. Inf.;
m. (first) 18.53, Julia Anna Butts, d. 18G6; daughter of Francis P.
& Emma P. Butts, of Southampton Co., Va.; (second) 18G9, Fannie
Grayson Smith, daughter of Henry & Frances (Foote) Smith, of
Fauquier Co., Va., and had issue by 1st m.
(• J ,^ 7-1. Robert Eustace Blackwell, b. 1854; m. 1877, Effie Duncan,
1 I- .-..^ daughter of Rev. James A. Duncan, and had issue.
I ),..,, 1. Effie Blackwell, b. 1879.
, , , ,3, ' 7-2. Ellen Denegre Blackwell, b. 1856; d. 1857.
; 1. .;, : 7-3. Gertrude Blackwell, b. 1858; m. Lewis Milton.
[, l':,|r .' 7-4. John Francis Blackwell, b. 1861.
7-5. Anna Davenport Blackwell, b. 1863; m. Mr. Mosby.
7-6. James Denegre Blackwell, b. 1866; d. 1871.
Issue by 2nd m.
7-7. Henry Davenport Blackwell, b. 1871; d. 1871.
■..;,^ , 7-8. Irving Hall Blackwell, b. 1872.
.) • •. , (To be Continued)
Taylor of Southampton &c.
(Continued)
23. John* Taylor (Henry^) was bequeathed considerable property
by the will of his father in 1781. He lived in Southampton County and
died in 1799. His will, "John Taylor, Jr.," was dated Feb. 10, 1799,
and proved Dec. 19, 1799. Bequest to wife for her life. The estate
given her to be used also for support of children William, Henry, Eliza,
and Hannah until they are of age and then to be equally divided. All
lands to be equally divided between William and Henry. John Taylor
married, March 3, 1783, Martha Peterson (Southampton marriage re-
turns). Her will as Martha K. Taylor was dated May 19, 1808, and
proved in Southampton August, 1808. She gave her son William Taylor,
a negro, son Henry Taylor a negro, daughter Nancy Fitzhugh her riding
chair and a negro, daughter Eliza Peterson a negro &c., and appointed
her son William Taylor and friends John T. Richeson and Thomas Ridley
executors. There is in Southampton the record of a suit by Joshua Claud,
administrator, Henry Taylor, Ellis G. Blake and Polly his wife, William
Hall in right of his wife, William Taylor, Nancy Taylor, Elizabeth Tay-
lor, Hannah Taylor and Henry Taylor, children of John Taylor, deceased,
bf fl
O)
,' -.T '':
Vni,./.
GENEALOGY.
103
and Co-hdrs and representatives of Temperence Taylor, deceased fthe
rnother o John^ -Taylor .. Nicholas and Edward Fa' Icon, executor o
William Browne, deceased. ^^uuib oi
Issue: 30. William- 40. Henry^ 41. Polly, married Ellis G. Blake- 4^
Daughter, marned Wm. Hall; 43. Nancy, married Fitzhugh 44'
Elizabeth, married Peterson; 45. Hannah ^
An account with the estate of Hannah Taylor, deceased, by Thomas
Fitzhugh, executor, 1808, &c., includes a payment to William Taylor oi
the amount due him in the division of John Taylor's estate
24. Henrv^ T..YLOR (Henry^) of Southampton County. ' He was not
of age in 17SG, for on March 20th of that year. Etheldred Taylor leased
o Henrv t" f ^^"^f^""^^' ^r^'"-^- ^^ 250 acres adjoining belonging
o Henry Taylor infant son of Henry Taylor, deceased. He left no wilt
(a least in Southampton) and the date of his death is not known. The
only other Henry Taylor living in Southampton at this time was the son
of John Taylor, Jr., and was a child at the date of his father's will in 1799
A record preserved by a descendant states that 24. Henry* Taylor'
married Rebecca Tyson, and had only one child '
n,^!",- Km^'?'"p^ ^r """- -'• ''^'' ^''^ ^''^y ^'' 1831.. married
f M ' • I ^^°'' ^''°'" ^^y ^0' 1^71)' ''^ Southampton, but later
llmwT' n ^' d^^^^^-^^^'d in Southampton, and dated Jan. 6.
IS09, Wilham 1 aylor and Angelina his wife, of Southampton, conveyed to
Peter Blow of the same county, the interest of the said William Tavlor
m a tract of land, allotted as dower to Rebecca wife of Richard B.rham
and widow of Henry Taylor. Evidently this was land which, on the
death of Henry* Taylor without male issue, reverted to his brother
Jonn s heirs.
(To be Concluded)
I 'in A bnr.
(ifibiihno'J 3d oT)
104 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
BOOK REVIEWS.
The Hord Family of Virginia. A Supplement to the Genealogy op
THE Hord Family. Compiled by Rev. Arnold Harris Hord,
Registrar of the Diocese of Pennsylvania, Member of the Executive
Board of the Church Historical Society, Member of the Virginia
Historical Society. Anno Domini 1915 [Philadelphia! pp. 119,
with a number of illustrations and charts.
Dr. Hord is already, through his Genealogy of the Hord Family, wcll-
knowij as a genealogist. In this book, taking as a clue the fact that Alan
Hord came to Virginia as a head-right in a grant to Moore Fauntleroy,
and following this iip with a careful investigation of English genealogical
sources which show a relationship between the families of Hord and
Fauntleroy in England, he has worked out a very plausible theory of
descent from an old English family. The author does not claim that the
proof is positive; but the evidence is so strong that it is believed that it
may yet be confirmed, beyond doubt, by farther discoveries. Inci-
dentally he gave much information about the Fauntleroys. The latter
part of the volume contains much new matter in regard to the Hords of
Virginia. Dr. Hord has done a thorough and valuable piece of work.
The Jefferson-Lemen Comp.^ct. A Paper Read Before the Chicago
Historical Society, Feb. 16, 1915. By Willard C. MacNaul (with
an Appendix of Documents), University of Chicago Press 1915, pp.
59.
This address, to which is appended a number of documents, states the
claim that Jeflferson made a secret compact with James Lemen, a native
of the Valley of Virginia, to go to the Northwest Territory and oppose
the introduction of slavery there. This claim is supported by extracts
from two letters stated to have been written by Jefferson. The origi-
nals of these letters are not known to be in existence. In one of these,
addressed to Robert Lemen, a brother of James, Jefferson says, in ref-
erence to the latter "Among all my friends who are near, he is still a little
nearer. I discovered his worth when a child." Though copies are given
of letters from Lincoln and Douglas, and an account prepared by a Rev.
Mr. Peck in 1857, which refer to those letters, the whole thing has an air
of unreality. One would suppose that in the vast mass of Jefferson's
work.s and letters and the numerous lives, there would be frequent
mention of his dearest friend; but, strange to say, in not a single in-
stance is there such a reference.
.a;
BOOK REVIEWS. "i ■' ; . ' 106
To take another point of view. James Lemen was bom in 1760 in or near
Harper's Ferry, evidently the son of a small farmer. Anyone who knows
Virginia, knows that small farmers rarely in those days (or indeed at
present) went outside of their own counties. Jeflferson, of course, was
at Harpers Ferry prioi" to 1781, as the well-known passage in the "Notes"
shows, but there is not one jot or tittle of evidence to show that he was in
that section long enough to know anything of the child of an obscure
farmer. It would be difficult to convince any critical student that Jef-
ferson wrote such a letter unless the originals were produced.
Extracts from James Lemen diary which are quoted, seem equally
open to doubt. Under date "Near Yorktown Va., Sept. 26, 1781," he
says "My enlistment of two years expired sometime ago, but I joined
my regiment today and will serve the siege." The records of the War
Department show that James Lemen enlisted in the 4th Va. regiment
March 3, 1778, "to serve one year." J. B. Lemen adds that James Lemen
"had his term of enlistment extended for two years and was transferred to
another regiment." After his term expired 'he rejoined his old regiment
and served through the siege of Yorktown." Now the 4th Virginia regi-
ment, his "old regiment" was not at Yorktown. and may not have existed
as an organization at all as it was captured at Charleston. There was no
Virginia regiment at Yorktown which had been in existence in 1778-79,
and tlierefore, none which could have been called his "old regiment."
The only Virginia regulars at Yorktown were two newly organized regi-
ments under Colonels Gaskins and Dabney. Neither the Revolution-
ary records at Washington or Richmond contain any mention of Lemen's
second enlistment, though, of course, this is not positive proof that he
did not re-enlist.
In the diary he also says that he served under Lafayette in the assault
on the redoubt on October 14th. It is a well-known fact that there were
no Virginia troops engaged in this assault. Another discrepancy to be
accounted for.
The whole matter of this alleged "compact" needs thorough inves-
tigation before it can be accepted as history.
A Brief History of the First Harrisons of Virginia. Descendants
OK Cuthi:ert Harrison OF Ancaster, ENGLAND. From A. D.
1600 to A. D. 1915. By Henry Tazewell Harrison. April 2, 1915
[Leesburg, Va.l, pp. 36.
The title page of this handsome little book is misleading. This family
of Harrisons was not the first of that name in Virginia nor is there any
positive proof that they had anything to do with Ancaster. The sole
authority for their origin is the entry in the parish register of St. Mar-
garets, Westminster, showing that Burr, son of Cuthbert Harrison, was
born there in 1G37. And of course this old English register, written long
before there was any Harrison at Chappawamsic in Virginia, makes no
901
-«&vai
.1^ . / ,
>^ sQ A
106 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. )07
mention of Chappawamsic. It is simply a misunderstanding on the part
of the author of the book. Neither is there any evidence that Cuthbert
•- Harrison, father of Burr, ever came to Virginia. It is stated without
qualification that Burr Harrison the emigrant, was father of William
'i'liiT Harrison. This is probably true, but there is no absolute proof. With
these exceptions the genealogy seems to be very well done. The line of
descent from Burr Harrison through his son Mathew, who was the head
of the Lcesburg line is particularly full. Mr. Harrison does not attempt
to give many details nor to trace fully the other branches of the family.
This is being done as far as possible in the genealogy now in course of
publication in the Magazine, though we will not trench on Mr. Harri-
son's sjjecial province, the descendants of Mathew Harrison. He has
done that too well to need repetition.
'-:•:' BURFORD GENEALOGY SHOWING THE ANCESTORS AND DESCENDANTS OF
1 '; . Miles Washington Burford and Nancy Jane Burford. By
Wesley B. Burford. Privately Printed. Indianapolis, 1914, pp.
133. Illustrated.
This is a carefully prepared account of the descendants of Elijah Hast-
ings Burford, who was bom in the town of Burford, Oxfordshire, Feb. 9,
1682, who emigrated to America in 1713 and finally settled in Amherst
• '■ ■ County, Va., where he died in 1771. Descendants through female as well
:■■ ' .as male lines are fully given.
The Education of the Negro Prior to 1861. A History of the Edu-
cation of the Colored People of the United States from the
i Beginning of .Slavery to the Civil War. By C. G. Woodson,
«■ Ph. D. (Harvard). G. P. Putnams Sons, New York and London.
""■■ • 1915, pp. 454.
fen • This carefully studied and valuable book goes into every phase of the
•"■ education of the negro prior to 1861. There may be some things in which
i • we of the South differ with the author; but when it is considered
J. '''' . that this author is a negro, we find that the instances are rare. There is
nothing in the title to indicate that the author is a negro and the writer
of this notice has no other information in regard to him; but a negro he
'' certainly is; none but one of his race would write "Reverend Thomas,"
«■ "Reverend Taylor," "Reverend Whitmore" as he does. It is odd
that in spite of his Harvard Ph. D., this trait of negro writing should
Gs«. t remain. This is indeed only worth noting as a curious example of an
adhering race trait, and has nothing to do with the merits of an ex-
cellent book.
i
A List of Documentory Material Relating to State Constitutional
Conventions. Compiled for use in the Newberry Library by
Augustus Hunt Shearer, Ph. D. of the Library Staff. Bulletin
' of the Newberry Library No. 4, Chicago, 1915, pp. 37.
,)M i.f .." '.' rf"'. ',n . r.
,rT
':<■ BOOK REVIEWS. : •. > 107
The title of this valuable publication is the only needed description.
It should be in every library and in the hands of all students of Constitu-
tional history.
The Trezevant Family in the United States, from the arrival of Daniel
Trei:evant, Huguenot, at Charles Town, South Carolina, in 16S5,
to the {present date. By John Timothie Trezevant, Columbia,
S. C. The State Company 1914, pp. 122.
This is a very careful and complete account of one of the most distin-
guished of the old Huguenot families of South Carolina. Like otiier
American families it has now spread to other states, and has been well-
Icnown in Virginia. John Trezevant (1758-1816) removed to Virginia,
and served as a surgeon in the Virginia Continental Line. Lewis Cruger
Trezevant, a nephew of John also came to Virginia ; so the family has been
largely represented here. The book is an admirable example of gencal-
logical work. , .
The Preston and Virginia Papers of the Draper Collection of Man-
uscripts. Publications of the State Historical Society of Wis-
consin. Calendar Series, Vol. L, Madison Wis., 1915, pp. 357.
That the Wisconsin Historical Society is to publish a Calendar of the
Draper Manuscripts is good news to all students of American history.
Much most valuable material from this source has already been pub-
lished by the Society or by individual writers; but a full calendar has
always been greatly desired. In making a beginning the editors have
conformed to the original arrangement of the manuscripts and printed
first the Preston and the "Virginia" papers. The Prestons and their
relations and friends the Pattons, Buchanans and other well-known
Western Virginia people bore a leading part in the settlement and de-
fence of the frontier of the Colony of Virginia. The 146 pages of the
calendar containing these papers include much of great historical value.
The Virginia Manuscripts (pages 147-309) cover dates from 1742 to
1901, and these, also, relate chiefly to events or people in the western
portion of Virginia. There is, however, a great deal of matter relating
to Western Pa., Kings Mountain, &e. The volume is indispensable to
to anyone interested in early frontier history. It has an admirable
index.
George Washington, Farmer. Being An Account of His Home Life
and Agricultural Activities. By Paul Leland Haworth. Author
of The Path of Glory, Reconstruction and Union, America in Fer-
ment, &c. With Many Illustrations, Fac-Similes of Private Papers
and a Map of Washington's Estate Drawn by Himself. Indian-
apolis. The Botts-Merrill Company, Publishers [19151, pp. 33G.
This book is a curious mixture of knowledge and ignorance. When
the author is writing on the subjects indicated in his title (and this, of
.« iiy. ^iwi i4 .i(.:vj.-i«<.i
108 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
course, comprises the chief part of his book), he writes with full know-
ledge and does valuable and interesting work. . When he writes of con-
ditions in general in Virginia he shows great ignorance. The reason is
plain. In regard to Washington's home life and agricultural activities,
there is a great mass of evidence, which Dr. Haworth has carefully stud-
ied. There is also elsewhere a great amount, scattered it is true,
in regard to agricultural conditions in Virginia, but of this the author
knows practically nothing.
George Washington's life, aside from that portion of it devoted to
public service, was that of a great planter and he was always a most
devoted and painstaking student of agricultural problems. We all know
this is a general way; but no one who has not read this book can realize
how much of interest there is in the plantation side of Washington's life.
Dr. Haworth has made a careful investigation of this, and has brought
to light many hitherto unknown facts.
"He hnds that Washington was one of the great scientific farmers in
America, that he was one of the first to conserve the soil, that he per-
formed hundreds of interesting agricultural experiments, that he made
farming machinery with his own hands, that he was a pioneer in improving
the breeds of stock, that he was the first American to raise mules, that
he owned over sixty thousand acres of land and died the richest citizen
of the Republic.
He was one of the first American experimental agriculturists, always
alert for better methods, willing to take any amount of pains to find the
best fertilizer, the best way to avoid plant diseases, the best methods
of cuhivat-on, and he once declared that he had little patience witn tliose
content to tread the ruts their fathers trod. Tf he were alive to-day, we
may be sure that he would be an active worker in farmers' institutes, an
eager visitor to agricultural colleges, a reader of scientific reports and an
enthusiastic promoter of anything tending to better American farming
and farm life."
So far nothing but praise can be accorded to the book. But when the
author leaves what he has studied, and writes in a cock-sure way about
things of which he knows little or nothing, he goes far astray.
We A-ill consider only three subjects, horses, sheep and coaches. On
page 53, the author seems to think that Randolph's "Shakespere" was
an exceptional thmg in the way of high bred horses. He evidently does
not know that every writer who treats of Colonial Virginia speaks of the
quality of the horses. For an instance, J. F. D. Smyth, who v/as in
Virginia in 1772, says "Indeed nothing can be more elegant and beautiful
than the horses bred here, either for the turf, the field, the road or the
coach." Of course, Dr. Haworth does not know that between 1710 and
1775, the names of at least fifty stallions and thirty mares, of thoroughbred
(or "blooded" as was the frequently used term) stock imported to Vir-
ginia, are preserved. The whole thing is too obvious to waste time
in discussing farther.
0*^1
^ <' BOOK REVIEWS. 109
On page 55, he says "Sheep raising was not attempted to any great
extent." One of course does not know exactly what the author means
by "any great extent," but if he means that sheep were not common
in Virginia, he is again badly informed. Without asking him to go to
manuscript srmrces, it may be said that if, to any great extent, he had
examined the volumes of the Va. Magazine of History and Biography and
The William and Mary Quarterly he would have found sufficient mention
of sheep to show him that they were bred in Virginia to a considerable
extent. Such an examination shows the following persons owned sheep
(the references are chiefly to wills and inventories): George Menifee,
1645 (who bequeathes his "Sheep at Buckland" in Charles City County),
Giles Brent, 1G71, James Godwin, 1688 (had 33 sheep), Thomas Taberer,
1692, John Sandford, 1693 (had 24 sheep), George Brent, 1694, John Pitt,
1702, John Farnefold, 1702, Samuel Timson, 1704, Joseph Ball, 1711,
William Churchill, 1711 (had 118 sheep), Benjamin Harrison, 1711,
William Armistead, 1714, Thos. Ballard, 1711 (had 29 sheep), Edmond
Berkeley, 1718, James Burwell, 1718 (had 107 sheep), Robert Brent, 1719,
Samuel Selden, 1720, Thomas Chisman, 1722. Joseph Walker, 1723,
Ambrose Madison 1731 (had 19 sheep), Robert Carter, 17-32 (had 573),
William Stanard, 1733 (had 29), John Tayloe, 1747, Wm. Daingerfield,
1734 (had 300 sheep), Anthony Thornton, 1757, John Herbert, 1700,
Philip Ludwcll, 1767 (had 175), Benjamin Ward, 1770 (advertised for
sale at his plantation in Charlotte County, "GOO choice sheep"), Landon
Carter, 1776 (who had at "Sabine Hall" alone, 158 sheep "in addition
to the fatted sheep"), and Peter Presley Thornton, 1781 (who had 172
sheep).
Even at the end of the Seventeenth century sheep had become numer-
ous. Bruce {Economic History I, 481) says "In the last decade of the
century, the inventories reveal the fact that sheep formed a not unim-
portant part of many estates."
Dr. Haworth reaches, perhaps, his climax of ignorance when he quotes
Martha Washington (page 49) as saying that she remembered a time
when there was only one coach in Virginia. If she said this she was at the
moment in a state of mental debility of which there is no other record.
Coaches were not entirely unknown in Virginia even in the Seventeenth
Century and as early as 1701, William Fitzhugh bequeaths "both my
coaches." Mrs. Washington was born in 1732 and her first intelligent
knowledge of such things would have begun about 1747. In the middle
of the Eighteenth century it would be a most conservative estimate to
say that there were, at least, fifty coaches in Virginia. A systematic
examination of our county records (such as Mr. Bruce made for the pre-
ceding century) v/ould easily prove this; but in lieu of such research we
may consult the volumes of the Va. Magazine of History and Biography,
The William and Mary Quarterly, and a few printed genealogies which
contain wills. In a few cases, abstracts of unpublished wills and admin-
istrations, which were at hand, have been used. The following list has
ffii Heoc
&«i i»i;ii ij lY/i io»j ,iiOji'i\jn i (3l«">iS l-,»;'^ I I'ltrt ,\ «j3vii'. v*
'>n '-rf a?'"'/ 7»fif;"onsi io xmiTfo /.i
110 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
been compiled from these sources of men who owned coaches (or four or
six horse chariots, calashes, chaises and phaetons, which amount to the
same thing). These references* are mainly to wills and inventories, and
of course persons concerned had probably owned the vehicles for a num-
ber of years. The names are as follows: William Churchill, 1710, John
Custis 1714, Edmund Berkeley 1718, James Burwell 1718, Joseph Walker
1723, Robert Carter 1726, (2 coaches), T. W. Belfield 1730, Alexander
Spots wood 1732 (a coach and a chariot), Francis Eppes 1733, Sir John
Randolph 1733, William Byrd 2d 1732, Gawin Corbin 1739 (in will names
his white coachman), Moore Fauntleroy 1739, William Randolph 1742,
William Thornton 1743 ("a chair and a carriage"), Benjamin Harrison
1743, Thos. Nelson 1745, Richard Randolph 1747 (a coach and a chaise),
Henry Lee 1747, John Tayloe 1st, 1747 (chariot and six horses, and coach
and fdur horses), l^hilip Lii.;htfoot 1748, Thomas Bray 1751, John Dixon
1751, John Blair 1751, John Lightfoot 1751, William Montgomery 1752,
William Dawson 1752, James Steptoe 1755, Philip Grymes 175G, Philip
Rootcs 175G, William Beverley 1756, John Spotswood 175S, Nicholas
Meriwether 1758, Richard Kennon 1761, John Martin 1761, George Lee
1701, William Kennon 1761, Mrs. Mary Lee 17G2, Richard Eppes 1702,
John Tabb 1762, Clement Read 1763 (a chariot and a chair) Charles
Carter 1764, William Byrd 3d, 1765, Robert Page 1765, Philip Ludwell
1767, Willoughby Newton 1767, Peter Randolph 1707, John Wayles 1768,
Landon Carter 1770, William Nelson 1772, Wilson Gary 1772 (a coach and
a post chariot), John Tayloe 2d, 1773 (a coach and a chariot), William
Daingerfield 1774, Peyton Randolph 1774, John Nash 1776, Anthony
Walke 1776 ("my newest chariot and four horses"), Robert Burwell 1777,
Richard Bland 1777, Tarleton Fleming 1778, David Minge 1779.
Turning to other evidence on this subject; Hugh Jones ("Present State
of Virginia," 1722) says "most people of any note in Williamsburg have
a coach, chariot, Berlin or chaise." A traveller to America, whose
account was published in the London Magazine in 1746, states in regard
to Yorktown, "Almost every considerable man keeps an equipage, tho'
they have no concern about the different colours of their coach horses."
When the same traveller reached Williamsburg, he was struck by "the
prodigious Number of Coaches that crowd the deep, sandy Streets of
this little City." The Virginia Gazette states that on July 13, 1749 "This
day the Hon. John Robinson, Prcsid't. and the rest of the gent; of the
Council went all in Coaches to wait on the Gov'r."; and finally v.e quote
Francis Jerdone, a merchant of Yorktown, who in a letter dated Se[)t.
20, 1753, acknowledged the receipt of a second hand chariot which had
been ;;ent him from London for sale, and said "I now advise you that I
have sold the chariot you sent me by Capt. Paterson for forty pistoles
being £43 current to Col. ITolke Moseley, which was the most I could
make of it, and if that gentleman had not bought it, I believe it would
have been on hand at this time, second hand goods being no way saleable
here; for our Gentry have such proud spirits that nothing will go down.
;yi^
BOOK REVIEWS. Ill
but equipages of the nicest and newest fashions. You will not believe
it when I tell you that there are sundry chariots now in the country which
cost 200 guineas and one that cost 260."
•The fol'owing are the printed sources fnr the statements made above: Virginia Maga-
line of History and Biography. 11.278; III, 1 25 , 2tj3 . 391 ; IV. 06, 03; V, 145; VI. 4, 2()8, 3tl9; VII.
M.aOS; IX. 2,«l; X. ISII IWJ; XI, 424; XIV. 242. 328.421; XVI. 97. 98; XVII. 322. 370.372, 373-
X\n!. 911, 188. 44(i: XIX, 87; XXI, 2U4, 397, 405, 414; XXII. 278, 442; William and Mary
Quarterh: IX, l()7,21(i, 217; IV, Hi, 2(10; VI, 41, W, 143. \M; VII. 88. I8.S, 2.">3 3a». 312- VIH.
o\l. 40 41, 128, 130. 14(i; IX. 188; X. 110; XII, 150. ItO, 220. 2.55; XIII. 40, 205; XIV, 1^3 101.
180; XV, 223; XVII. 240; XIX. 270; XX, 10; XXI, 175; Pape's "Page Family." 1(;3; Waters'
•Gltaninf;';," 513; Lee's "Lee of Virginia," 134, 130, 143; "Writings of Wm. Byrd" (Bassett),
333, 370; Hayden's "Virginia Genealogies," 59; "Rootes of Rosewali," IS; Gri&th'a "De-
scendants of Nicholas Meriwether," 42. 43. 115,
Christopher Columrus. By Mildred Stapeley, New York. The Mac
Millan Company, 1915, pp. 240.
D.WY Crockett. By William C. Sprague. New York. TheMacMillan
Company, 1915, pp. 189.
RonERT Fulton. By Alice Gray Sutcliffe, Great-Granddaughter of
Robert Fulton. Author of "Robert Fulton and the Clermont,"
&c. New York. The MacMillan Company, 1915, pp. 195.
Nath.\n Hale. By Jean Christie Root. New York. The MacMillan
Company, 1915, pp. IGO.
Benjamin Franklin. By E. Lawrence Dudley, Author of "The Isle of
Whispers," "The Ghost Ship," &c. New York. TheMacMillan
Company, 1915, pp. 232. .•..•■.• ,i: ' i'. ,
WlLLL\M Penn. By Rupert V. Holland, Author of "Historic Boyhoods,"
"Knights of the Golden Spur," &c. New York. The MacMillan
Company, 1915, pp. 166.
The MacMill-.ms are doing a most excellent work in the publication of
"True Stories of Great Americans" — the general title of the scries. In
contrast to various "true" biographies published previously, and which
were frL-quently compounded of misinformation and trivial gossip, these
books are the result of real scholarly work. Though intended primarily
for younger readers, they will prove equally valuable to the great mass
of people who have no time nor inclination to read long biographies and
yet are anxious to have comijact interesting narratives of prominent
men, which can be gone through in a short time and which yet contain
the latest results of research in regard to the various subjects. To such
readers as well as to school boys and girls, these books can be highly
commended.
112 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
In the Footsteps of Napoleon. His Life and its Famous Scenes. By
James Morgrai, Author of "Abraham Lincoln, the Boy and Man"
&c. New York. The MacMillan Company, 1915, pp. 524, with 33
illustrations.
To those interested in Napoleon — and who is not? — this is a very in-
teresting and timely book. Just before the outbreak of the present
great war, the author made a journey of nearly twenty thousand miles
to visit the famous scenes of Napoleon's life and along the line of his
celebrated marches. This alone would qualify an intelligent student
of the great Emperor's life to give freshness and value to any new book
about him. The present great war adds intense interest to nearly every
phase of Napoleon's life. The author is of the opinion that, though some
of the parties to the old combat have changed, sides "in their mo-
tives and their strategy, the two wars are strangely alike, and I have
depicted the earlier as the forerunaer of this later conflict."
Some Emigrants to Virginia. Memoranda in Regard to Several Hun-
dred Emigrants to Virginia During the Colonial Period, Whose
Parentage is Shown or Former Residence Indicated by Authentic
Records, Compiled by W. G. Stanard. Second Edition Enlarged.
The Bell Book and Stationary Company Publishers, Richm.ond,
Va., 1916.
The first edition of this book was exhausted early in 1915, and
another, with considerable additions is published this month.
The Majors and their Marriages, By James Brach Cabell, with
Collateral Accounts of the Allied Families of Aston, Ballard,
Christian, Dancy, Hartwell, Macon, Marable, Massie, Patterson
Pressey, Seawell, Stephens, Waddill and others. The W. C. Hill
Printing Co., Richmond, Va. 11915i, pp. 188.
Through minute investigations in the records of Henrico, Chesterfield.
Charles City and York counties, and with the fortunate preservation of
some notes made from the records of Nansemond, Mr. Cabell has been
able to make a valuable addition to Virginia genealogy. Much of the
work is now presented for the first time. This is particularly so in regard
to the families of Major, Patteson and several others included.
The author has throughout printed confirming or illustrative docu-
ments from the records. The deductions seem to be carefully made
and are mainly, indisputable; but there does not appear to be any
very clear proof given that William Stephens of Warwick County was a
son of Capt. Richard Stephens.
Mr. Cabell's book covers a wide field and will interest great numbers
of Virginians and people of Virginia descent.
-.•^iV r-
OFFICERS AND MEMBERS
OF THE
Virginia Flistorical Society
JANUARY, 1916.
President.
W. Gordon McCabe, Richmond, Va.
Vice-Presidents.
Archer Anderson, Richmond, Va.
Edward V. Valentine, Richmond, Va.
Lyon G. Tyler, Williamsburg, Va.
Corresponding Secretary and Librarian.
WiLLL\M G. Stanard, Riclim.ond, Va.
Recording Secretary.
D. C. Richardson, Riclimond, Va.
Treasurer.
Robert A. Lancaster, Jr., Richmond, Va.
Executive Committee.
C. V. Meredith, Richmond, Va. \Vm. H. Palmer, Richmord, Va.
Chas. W. Kent, University of Va. Rt.Rcv.A.M.RANDOi I'H, Norfolk, Va.
J. Stewart Bryan, Richmond, Va. Daniel Gkinnax, Richmond, Va.
A. C. Gordon, Staunton, Va. J. P. McGltre, Jr., Richmond, Va.
S. S. P. Patteson, Richmond, Va. Wm. A. Anderso.v, Lexington, Va.
S. H. YoNCE, Richmond, Va. Morgan P. Rodinsox, Richmond, Va.
and ex-officio, the President, Vice-Presidents, Secretaries
and Treasurer.
~\'<^
r.
w \i ■ w. ^
The Annual Meeting of this Society
will be held early in 1916. The Pro-
ceedings of the Meeting will be pub-
lished in the April Magazine.
. 1- ..' 1 i
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VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
Richardson, D. C., Richmond, Va.
Rives, Hon. Geo. Lockhart, New York,
N. Y.
Robinson, Morgan P., Richmond, Va.
Scott, Frederick W., Richmond, Va.
Scott, Winfield, New York, N. Y.
Stevens. Mrs. Byam K., New York, N. Y.
Stires, Rev. Ernest, M. D. D., New York,
N. Y.
Stubbs, Wm. C.. New Orleans, La.
Swansoii, Hon. Claude A., Chatham, Va.
Sweet, Mrs. Edith M.. St. Albans, W. Va.
Talcott, Col. T. M. R., Bon Air, Va.
Waterman, W. H.. New Bedford. Mass.
Webb. W. Seward, New York, N. Y.
Wickham, Henry T., Richmond, Va.
Williams, A. D., Richmond. \'a.
Williams, Thomas C, Richmond, Va.
Winslow, H. M., Harriman, Tenn.
Woodson, Captain R. S., U. S. A., St. Louis,
Mo.
ANiNUAL MEMBERS.*
',hr
( .;!u
Abney, John R., Nev/ York, N. Y.
Adams. Samuel F., South Boston, Va.
Adams, Vi'alter, Framingham. Mass.
Addison, E. B., Richmond. Va.
Adkins. S B., Richmond, Va.
Aguilar de, Mrs. P. B., New York, N. Y.
Alexander, F. W., Oak Grove. Va.
Alexander, Dr. W. T., New York, N. Y.
Allen, E. W., Savannah. Ga.
Allen, Herbert F. M., Washington, D. C.
Ambler, Ben. Mason, Parkcrsburg, W. Va.
Ames, Mrs. Joseph S., Baltimore. Md.
Ancell, Rev. B. L., YanRchow, China.
Anderson. Col. Archer. Richmond, Va.
Anderson, B. P., M. D., Colorado Springs,
Col.
Anderson, Charles C, Richmond, Va.
Anderson, Davis C, Cincinnati. Ohio.
Anderson, Edward L., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Anderson, W. A., Lexington, Va.
Andrews, Prof. C. M., Yale University, New
Haven, Conn.
Antrim, Hugh. Richmond, Va.
Atkins. Mrs. G. W. E., New York, N. Y.
Atkinson, Thomas, Richmond. Va.
Austin-Leigh. Richard A.. London, Eng.
A.xtell, Decatur, Richmond, Va.
Bagby, Mrs. Parke C Richmond, Va.
Baker. C. C Azusa, Cal.
Baker, Mrs. Gibbs L., Washington, D. C.
Ballard, N. H., Brunswick, Ga.
Barbour, John S., Fairfax, Va.
Barham. Dr. W. B., Xewsoms, Va.
Barton, R. T.; Winchester, Va.
Baskcrvill, P. H., Richmond. Va.
Baync. Howard R., New York, N. Y.
Beatty, Mis. John. Blackwell. Oklahoma.
Beckett, John T.. New York, N. Y.
Bcckwith. Thomas S.. Sr., Petersburg, Va.
Beer. George Louis, New York, N. Y.
Beirne, Francis F., Baltimore. Md.
Bell, Landon C, Columbus. Ohio.
Bell. Robert O., Richmond, Va.
Belmont. August, New York, N. Y.
Belt, Mrs. Eliz. Talbot. Millen. Ga.
Bennett, Robert R-, Washington, D. C.
Best, Frank E.. Chicago, 111.
Beveridge, Hon. A. J., Indianapolis, Ind.
Blackstock, Ira B., Springfield. 111.
Blair, Miss Louisa Coleman, Richmond, Va.
Blow, A. A., Gloucester Co., Va.
Boatwright, Mrs. Gertrude F. H., Roanoke,
Va.
Boisscau, Sterling. Richmond, Va.
Boisscau, P. H., Danville. Va.
Boiling. Charles E.. Richmond, Va.
Boiling, Stanhope. Richmond. Va.
Bondurant, Dr. Eugene D., Mobile, Ala.
Booker, Mrs. Hunter R., Hampton, Va.
Boreman, R. J. A., Parkersburg. W. Va.
Bosher, Mrs. Robert S., Richmond, \'a.
Bourgeoisie. Mrs. A. C. St. Louis. Mo.
Bowles. Henry L., Denver, Col.
Bowling. Benjamin L., Urbanna, 111.
Boyle, Mrs. P. A.. Birmingham, Ala.
Boyle, Mrs. Virginia Frazier, Memphis,
Tenn.
Bradshaw, Mrs Rosena, Padecah, Ky.
Branch, John K., Richmond. Va.
Brodhead, Mrs. Lucas. Vers-nilles. Ky.
Brooke. George D.. Chillicothe, Ohio.
Brooke. Richard .\'.. Wa.shincton. D. C.
Brooke. Richard. Newark. Ohio.
Brooke. Robert T., Birmingham, Ala.
Brooke, S. S.. Roanoke, Va.
Brooke. Dr. T. V.. Suthcrlin, Va.
Brown, P.'of. W. G., Columbia, Mo.
•This list also includes subscribers to the Magazine.
..V r - :.--^ '-.'
^iool M. ..A :<i li . i
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.Y.w.);.
.<:;(*»'''jiiij r
.•4t^ ..
.V VI .X
r
.*■/ .!>..
-'?' , f >!T
LIST OF MEMBERS
Brov/n, J. Thompson, Richmond, Va.
Brown, Wallace F., Richmond, Va.
Bruce, Hon. C. M., Clarkton, Va.
Bruce. Philip Alexandfr, Norfolk. Va.
Bruce, Mrs. Mary Howard, Richmond, Va.
Bryan. George, Richmond. Va.
Bryan, Thomas P., Kichmond, Va.
Bryan, St. George T. C., Richmond, Va.
Budlong, Mrs. Milton J., New York, N. Y.
Bukey, Mrs. John Spencer, Vienna, Va.
Bullard, Mrs. B. F., Savannah, Ga.
Bullitt, VVm. Marshall, Louisville, Ky,
Burges, Richard F., El Paso, Texas.
Burruss, Mrs. Nathaniel, Norfolk, Va.
Burwell, D. S., Norfolk, Va.
Byrd, Samuel M., Kosciusko, Miss.
Callahan, G. C., Philadelphia. Pa.
Cameron, Col. Benthan, Stagville, N. C.
Cameron, Gcort;e. Petersburg, Va.
Campbell, Mrs. A. A., WytheviUe, Va.
Campbell. R. K. Washington, D. C.
Cannon, G. Randolph. Richmond, Va.
Capps. W. L., U. S. N., Washington, D. 0.
Cargill, Mrs. T. A., Houston, Te.xas.
Carpenter, Pay Director J. S., U. S. N., Bos-
ton, Mar>s.
Carr, Frank Overton. Wichita, Kansas.
Carter, Mill. Ashland, Va.
Cartwright, Mrs. S. .\. Brooke, Washing:ton,
D. C.
Cary, T. Archibald, Richmond, Va.
Catlctt, Mrs. Richard H.. Staunton, Va.
Chamberlayne, Churchill G., Richmond,
Va.
Chandler, Prof. J. A. C, Richmond, Va.
Chandler, R. G.. Chicago. 111.
Chandler, Walter T., Chicago, 111.
Chauncy, Mrs. Agnes C, Narberth, Pa.
Chilton, W. B., Washington, D. C.
Christian, Judge Geo. L., Richmond, Va.
Christian, Walter, Richmond, Va.
Claiborne, Dr. J. H., New York, N. Y.
Clark, W. Welch, Danville. Va.
Clark, Wm. Hancock, New York, N. Y.
Clarke, P. N.. Louisville, Ky.
Clayton, Joseph C, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Clement. Mrs. N. E., Chatham, Va.
Clyde, W. P., New York, N. Y.
Cobb, Win. H., Elkins, W. Va.
Coflin, Charles P., Brookline, Mass.
Coke, Captain John A., Richmond, Va.
Coleman, Charles W., Washington, D. C
Coles, Mrs. T. B., Brooklyn, N. Y. '
Colston, Edward, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Cook, Miss Mary E., Columbus, Ga.
Cooke, Mrs. James P., Concord, N'. C.
Coolidge, Archibald C, Cambridge, Mass.
Corbin, Richard Beverley, New York, N. Y.
Corbin, Richard W., Newport. R. I.
Corbett. Mrs. L. G., Greenville, S. C.
Courtney, Miss Emma, Louisville, Ky.
Co.\, General Wm. R.. Penelo. N. C.
Cram. Mrs. R. A., Boston, Mass.
Crenshaw, S. Dabney, Richmond, Va.
Cridlin, W. B.. Richmond, Va.
Crittenden, W. L., Stigler, Okla.
Croasdaile, Mrs. Richard, Canton, Ohio.
Crocker, .Major J. F., Portsmouth, Va.
Crockett, R. H.. Franklin, Tcnn.
Crump, Judge Beverley T., Richmond, Va.
CuUeton, Leo., London, Eng.
Outright, W. B., Buckhannon, W. Va.
Dabney, Dr. William M., Baltimore, Md.
Dabney, Prof. R. H., University of Va.
Daingerfield, Francis Lee, Alexandria, Va.
Dandridge, Miss Mary E., Cincinnati, O.
Darling, Mrs. Frank W., Hampton, Va.
Daughters, A. R., Washington, D. C.
Davenport, G. A., Richmond. Va.
Denham, Edward, New Bedford, Mass.
Denson, C. B., Raleigh N. C.
Dickey, Judge Lyle A., Lihue, H. T.
DooUttle, Mrs. Wm. W., Passadena, Cal.
Doran. J. J., Philadelphia, Pa.
Doremus, Mrs. C. A., New York, N. Y. ■,.
Downing, George C, Frankfort, Ky.
Dnscoll, Mis. Owen E., Charlottesville, Va.
Duke, Judge R. T. W., Jr., Charlottesville.
Dunn, John, M. D., Richmond, Va.
Dupont. Col. H. A., Winterthur, DeL
Duval, Miss Maria P., Charlestovvn, W. Va.
Dwight, Dr. E. W., Boston, Mass.
Easley, J. C, Richmond, Va.
East, John P., New York, N. Y.
Eaton, George G., Washington, D. C.
Eckenrode, Dr. H. J., Richmond, Va.
Ellis, Wade H.. Washington, D. C.
EUyson, Hon. J. Taylor, Richmond, Va.
Embrey, Judge Alvin T., Fredericksburg,
Va. . . .. .
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.OM
Sil: ...'. -d.
. '-5
VI
VIRGINIA HISTORICAL SOCIETY
Empie, Adam, Wilmineton, N. C.
English, Mrs. W. E., Indianapolis, Ind.
Eskridae, R. S., Seattle, Wash.
Eustace. Wm. Corcoran, Oatlands, Va.
Farragiit, Loyall, New York, N. Y.
Farrar, Edgar H., New Orleans, La.
Faulkner, C. J., Boydton, Va.
Feild, W. P., Little Rock. Ark.
Feldhauser, Mrs. Goode K., St. Paul, Minn.
Ferrell, Mrs. Chas. C, Anson, Te.x.
Fife. Prof. R. H.. Middletown, Conn.
Fitzhugh, Gen. Chas. L., Pittsburg, Pa.
Fitzhugh. E. H., Montreal, Can.
Flctnher, William Meade, Sperryville, Va.
Fontaine, W. W. Austin, Tex.
Fountain, General S. W., U. S. A., Devon,
Pa.
Fox, Fred. L., Sutton, W. Va.
Frances, Mrs. Charles E., Bedford, Ind.
Freeman, D. S., Richmond, Va.
French, Dr. Jno. Herndon, New York, N. Y.
Furlow, Floyd C, New York, N. Y.
Gaines, C. Carrington, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
Garland, Spotswood, Wilmington, Del.
Garner, J. W., Falls Church, Va.
Gibson, Rt. Rev. Robt. A., Richmond, Va.
Gilbert, Mrs. R. M., New York, N. Y.
Glover, Rolfe E., Richmond, Va.
Good. D. Saylor. Roanoke. Va.
Goodwin, Rev. E. L., Richmond. Va.
Goodwyn, Mrs. W. S.. Emporia, Va.
Gordon, Armistcad C, Staunton, Va.
Gray. Henry W.. Jr.. Hartford. Conn.
Gregory. George C, Rio Vista, Va.
Grinnan, Judge Daniel, Richmond, Va.
Grinnan, John C Norfolk, Va.
Groome, H. L., Warrenton, Va.
Guthrie, John W., Flagstaff, Arizona.
Hagan. John C, Richmond. Va.
Hairston. S. W.. Roanoke. Va.
Hamilton, .Alexander, Petersburg, Va.
Hamilton, Mrs. Amelia C, New York, N. Y.
Hardy, Miss Stella Pickett, Batcsville. Ark.
Harpel. Mrs. Almeda B.. Des Moines, Iowa.
Harris, A. B. B.. Chicago. III.
Harrington. Howard S.. New York, N. Y.
Harris Alfred T., Jr., Richmond, Va.
Harris, Graham H., Chicago. III.
Harris, John T., Jr., Harrisonburg. Va.
Harrison, Mrs. Carter H., Staunton, Ya.
Harrison, Hon. Francis Burton, Manila, P.I.
Harrison, Geo. T., M.D.. Charlottesville. Va.
Harrison. Robert L., New York. N. Y.
Harrison, W. Preston, Chicago, III.
Harvie, Miss Anne P., Richmond, Va.
Hawes, S. H., Richmond, Va.
Hays, Francis B., Oxford, N. C.
Heatwole, Prof. C. J., Harri.ionburg, Va.
Heath, James E., Norfolk, \'a.
Hempstone, W. D., Lcesburg, Va.
Herbert, Col. Arthur, Alexandria, Va.
Herbert. R. Beverley, Columbia. S. C.
Herndon. J. W,. Alexandria. Va.
Heyer, Mrs. Mary B.. Wilmington, N. C.
Higgins, Mrs. D. P., Joliet. 111.
Hill. W. M.. Richmond. Va.
Hine. Major Cha,les DcLano. Vienna, Va.
Hogg. Mrs. Clara H. D.. Cadiz. Ohio.
Holladay. A. Randolph, Richmond, Va.
Holmes. J. T.. Columbus. Ohio.
Holt. R. O., Washington, D. C.
Hord. Rev. A. H., Philadelphia, Pa.
Horsley, Dr. J. Shelton, Richmond, Va.
Howard, Mrs. Eleanor Washington, Wash-
ington, D. C.
Howard, Major McHenry, Baltimore, Md.
Hughes. A. S., Denver, Col.
Hunt, Gaillard, Washington, D. C.
Hunter. James W.. Norfolk. Va.
Hunton. Eppa. Jr., Richmond. Va.
Hurt, George P., Atlanta, Ga.
Hutcheson, H. F., Boydton. Va.
Hutcheson. Mrs. J. C. Houston. Tex.
Hutchins, W. S., Washington. D. C.
Hutchinson. Gary T.. New York. N. Y.
Hyde. Mrs. Charles R., Chattanooga, Tenn.
James, Mrs. J. O., Petersburg, Va.
Jameson, Mrs. S. W.. Roanoke, Va.
Jarman, Prof. J. L.. Farmville. Va.
Jcflress. T. F., Drewry's Bluff, Va.
Jenkins, Luther H., Richmond, Va.
Jewett. W. K.. Colorado Springs. Col.
Johnson, B. F., Washington, D. C.
Johnston, Dr. Geo. Ben., Richmond, Va.
Johnston, Miss Mary, Warm Springs, Va.
Jones, Fairfax C, Richmond, Va.
Jones, Judge L. H., Louisville, Ky.
Jones, W. Strother, Red Bank, N. J.
Junkin, Francis T. A., Chicago, 111.
Kable, Mrs. W. G., Staunton, Va.
Reach, Mrs. O. A., Wichita, Kan.
Keim, Mrs. Betty L., Philadelphia, Pa.
Kelly, Mrs. Effie Bowles Richmond, Va.
Kemper, Charles E., Washington, D. C.
Kent, Prof. C. W., University of Va.
Kimber, A. L., Chicago, 111.
D
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.ftAMilA
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LIST OF MEMBERS
VII
Lamb. E. T.. Norfolk, Va.
Lambert, Mrs. W. H., Germantown, Pa.
La Monte, Geo. M., Bound Brook, N. J.
Lancaster, R. A., Jr., Richmond, V
Lathrop, Bryan, Chicago, 111.
Lav/ton, Mrs. James M., New York, N. Y.
Leake, J. Jordan, Richmond, Va.
Lecky, Robert, Jr., Richmond, Va.
Ledbetter, Mrs. C. R.. Little Rock, Ark.
Lee, Blair. Washington, D. C.
Lee, R. E., Jr., Fairfax County, Va.
Le Grande, Mrs. J. H., Tyler, Tex.
Leigh, Egbert G., Jr., Richmond, Va.
Levy, Jefferson M., New York. N. Y.
Lev/is, Charles, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Lev/is, Herbert, L Wast Point, Va.
Lewis, Judge Lunsford L., Richmond, Va.
Lodge, Hon. H. C, Washington, D. C.
Lomax, E. L., San Francisco, Cal.
Long. E. McL., New York, N. Y.
Lorton. Heth, Garden City, L. L. N. Y.
Loyall, Captain B. P., Norfolk, Va.
Lukeman H. Augustus, New York, N. Y.
Maddox. E. L., Grand Rapids, Mich.
Mallory, Lt. C. K., U. S. N., Syracuse,
N. Y.
Mallory, Col. J. S., U. S. A., Culebra, Canal
Zone.
Maloncy, Mrs. Eva Grant, New Castle, Va.
Mangum, Mrs. Wm. W., New Orleans, La.
Markham, George D.. St. Louis, Mo.
Mnstin, Mrs. Geor-,e R., Lexington, Ky.
Matthews, Albert, Boston, Mass.
Maxwell, Mrs. AUi on, Indianapolis, Ind.
Mayo, E. C, Richmond, Va.
Mayo, Mrs. Etta Booth, Commerce, Tex.
Mayo, P. H., Richmond, Va.
Mercer, Mrs. William P., Elm City, N. C.
Meredith. Charles V., Richmond, Va.
Meredith, Philip T., Ilarrisburg, Pa.
Meriwether, Mrs. Minor, Shreveport, La.
Merrill. Mrs. Lida W., Terre Haute, Ind.
Meyer. Mrs. Augu;t R., Kansas City, Mo.
Miller, Rudolph P., New York, N. Y.
Minnigerode, Charles, Baltimore, Md.
Minor, Benj S., Washington, D. C.
Mitchell. Robert, Richmond, Va.
Mitchell, Kirkwood. Richmond, Va.
MofTett. Miss Edna V.. Wellesley, Mass.
Montague. Hill, Richmond, Va.
Moore, Warner, Richmond, Va.
Morehcad, C. R., El Paso, Texas.
Morgan, Dr. D. H., Amelia C. H., Va.
Munford, Mrs. Beverley B., Richmond. Va
Munford. R. B., Jr., Richmond, Va.
Myers, Barton, Norfolk. Va.
McAllister. A. S.. New York. N. Y.
McAllister, J. T., Hot Springs, Va.
McBryde, Dr. J. M., Blacksburg, Va.
McCabe, Capt. W. Gordon, Richmond. Va.
McCluer, W. B.. Chicago, 111.
McClung, C. M.. Kno^iville, Tenn.
McConnell, Prof. J. P., Radford, Va.
McCormick, R. Hall, Chicago, 111.
McCormick, Harold F., Chicago, 111.
McDonnel, Mrs. Eugene, Fort Howard. Md.
McFadden, Charles, Jr.. Philadelphia, Pa.
McGraw, John T., Grafton. W. Va.
McGuire. Dr. Edward, Richmond, Va.
McGuire, Mrs. Frank H., Richmond, Va,
McGuire, John Peyton, Jr., Richmond. Va.
McGuire, Murray M., Richmond, Va.
McKim, Rev. Randolph IL, Washington,
D. C.
Mcllwaine, Dr. H. R., Richmond, Va.
McIIwaine, W. B., Petersburg, Va.
Mcintosh, Charles P., Norfolk, Va.
McKenny. Miss Virginia Spotswood. Peters-
burg, Va.
McNeil, Mrs. Walter, Richmond, Va.
Nash, Dr. F. S., U. S. N.. Washington, D. C.
Neilson, Miss Lou, Oxford. Miss.
Nichols, Rt. Rev. W. F.. San Francisco,
Cal.
Nixon, Lewis. Metuchen, N. J.
Nor veil, Mrs. Lipscomb, Beaumont. Texas.
Osborne, W. L. H.. Glade. Oregon.
Outerbridge. Mrs. A. J., University, Va.
Owen, Thomas M.. Montgomery. Ala.
Padgitt, Mrs. J. Tom, Coleman, Texas.
Page, Mrs. Mann, Elizabeth, N. J.
Page. S. Davis, Philadelphia, Pa.
Page, Rosewell, Beaver Dam, Va.
Page, Hon. Thomas Nelson. American
Embassy, Rome, Ita^y.
Palmer, Mrs. Potter, Osprey, Fla.
Palmer, Col. William H., Richmond, Va.
Parker. Col. John, Brovvsholme Hall, Cle-
thiroe. Lancashire, Eng.
Parker, W. S. R., Beaumont, Texas.
Patteson, S. S. P., Richmond, Va.
Paxton, T. B., Jr.. Cincinnati, O.
Payne, John B., Chicago. 111.
Pegram, Lt. John C, U. S. A.. San Fran-
cisco, Cal.
Penn, Mrs. James G., Danville, Va.
Pcscud, Peter F., New Orleans, La.
Peterkin, Mrs. George W., Parkersburg,
W. Va. ■
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VIII
VIRGINIA HISTORICAL SOCIETY
Pettus. William J.. M. D., U. S. Marino
Hospilal Service, Charleston, S. C.
Phelps, Wni. B., Duluth. Minn.
Pinckarl, W. P., Birmingham, Ala.
Pinckncy, C. C, Richmond, Va.
Pleasants, Edwin, Richmond, Va.
Pleasants, Dr. J. Hall, Baltimore, Md.
Plummer, .Miss Lucy Dupuy, Chicago, 111.
Poindexter, Judge Miles, Spokane, Wash.
Poinde.xter, W. W'., Lynchburg, \'a.
Pollard, Henry R., Richmond, Va.
Powell, J. E., Washington, D. C.
Prentiss, Judge R. R., Suffolk, Va.
Purcell, Col. J. B., Richmond. Va.
Raines, Dr. Thomas H., Savannah, Ga.
Raine, T. C, New York, N. Y.
Ramey, Mrs. Alice Lewis, Brownwood, Tex.
Randolph, Rt. Rev. A. M.. D. D., Norfolk,
Va.
Randolph, Epes, Tucson, Ariz.
Randolph, .Mrs. Robert Lee. Alexandria, La.
Randolph, Tom, St. Louis, Mo.
Redman, Ray C, Vincennes, Ind.
Reed, P. L., Richmond, Va.
Richardson, Albert Levin, Baltimore, Md.
Richardson, Wm. D., Richmond, Va.
Ridgeley, Mrs. Jane M., Springfield, 111.
Rives, Mrs. W. C, Washington, D. C.
Rc'Bards, Col. John Lewis, Hannibal, Mo.
Robcrson, Mrs. J. Fall, Cropwell, Ala.
Roberts, Miss Sarah B., Dupree's, Va,
Roberts, Mrs. James W., .Marietta, Ohio.
Robertson, Frank S., Abingdon, Va.
Robertson, John C, Richmond, Va.
Robertson, Thos. B., Eastville, Va.
Robins, Dr. C. R.. Richmond, Va.
Robinson, i^lexander G., Louisville, Ky.
Robinson, Judge C. W., Newport News, Va.
Robinson, P. .M., Clarksburg, W. Va.
Rockwell, Mrs. Eckley, Washington, D. C.
Roller, Gen. John E., Harrisonburg, Va.
Rose, Mrs., Charles A., Richmond, Va.
Rose, Mrs. Robert L., New York, N. Y.
Rowland, Miss Kate Mason, Richmond, Va.
Rucker, Mrs. B. H., Rolla. Mo.
Ryan. Thos. P., Oak Ridge, Va.
Sampson, Henry A., Richmond, Va.
Sands, Alexander H., Richmond, Va.
Savage, N. R., Richmond, Va.
Scherr, Henry, Williamson, W. Va.
Schouler, Prof. James, Intervale, N. H.
Schuck, L. E.. St. Louis, Mo.
Schwartz, J. L., Washington. D. C.
Scott, Geor,'.c Cole, Richmond, Va.
Scott, Thomas B., Richmond, Va.
Scott, W. W., R chmond, Va.
Semmes, Raphael T., Savannah, Ga.
Shearer, W. B., .New Orleans, La.
Shepherd, Dr. Wm. A., Richmond, Va.
Shine, Dr. Francis Eppes, Bisbee, Ariz.
Shippen, Mrs. Rebecca Lloyd, Washington
D. C.
Sim, John R., New York. N. Y.
Sitterding, Fritz, Richmond, Va.
Slaughter, A. D., Chicago, 111.
Smith, Mrs. A!da L., Belton, S. C.
Smith, H. M., Jr., Richmond, Va.
Smith, Mrs. Rosa Wright, Fort Sill, Okla.
Smith, Willis B.. Petersburg, Va.
Smith, Captain, R. C. U. S. N., New York,
N. Y.
Smith, W. D. G., Castleton, Vt.
Smithwick, Mrs. Martha, C. D., Memphis,
Tenn.
Southgate, T. S., Norfolk, Va.
Southall, Rev. S. O., Dinwiddle. Va.
Spencer, Mrs. Samuel, Washington, D. 0.
Spencer, J. H., Martinsville, Va.
Spilman, Gen. B. W., Warrenton, Va.
Stanard, W. G., Richmond, Va.
Staton, Mrs. James G., Williamston, N. C.
Stearnes, Arthur L., New York, N. Y.
Steiger, E., New York, N. Y.
Stettinius, Mrs. E. R., Dongan Hill, Statea
Island, N. Y.
Stevens, B. F. and Brown, London, Eng.
Stevens, Prof. H. Morse, Berkeley. CaL
Stewart, Miss Annie C, Brook Hill, Va.
Stewart, Miss E. Hope, Brook Hill, Va.
Stewart, Miss Norma, Brook Hill, Va.
Stewart, Miss Lucy W., Brook Hill, Va.
Stewart, Rev. J. Calvin, Richmond, Va.
Stewart, J. A., Louisville, Ky.
Stiles, Mrs. Barnett, Winslow, Arizoria.
Stone, Miss Lucie, P., Hollins, Va.
Strother, Henry, Fort Smith, Ark.
Strother, James French, Welch, W. Va.
Strother, Hon. P. W., Pearisburg, Va.
Stuart, Hon. Henry C, Elk Garden, Va.
Symington, Miss Edith, Baltimore, Md.
Taliaferro, Mrs. Richard P., Ware Neck, Va.
Taylor, Dr. Fielding L., New York, N. Y.
Taylor, Jacquelin P., Richmond, Va.
Taylor. John M , Richmond, Va.
Taylor, Prof. T. U., Austin, Texas.
Taylor, \\. E., Norfolk, Va.
Terhune, Mrs. E. T., New York, N. Y.
Thomas, Douglas H., Baltimore, Md.
Thompson, Jliss Geor.re. Ft. Worth, Texas.
x> y.
V V
LIST OF MEMBERS
U> II
IX
Thompson, Mrs. Maurice, Chicago, III.
Thompson, Mrs. W. H., Lexington, Ky.
Thornton, Mrs. Chainpe F., Norfolk, Va.
Thornton, R. G., Richmond, Va.
Throckmorton, C. Wickliffe, Boeme, Texas.
ThruEton, R. C, Ballard, Louisville, Ky.
Tidball, Prof. Thomas A., Sewanee. Tenn.
Tiffany, Mrs. Louis McLane, Baltimore,
Md.
Torrencc, W. Clayton, Richmond, Va.
Trabtr, Mis. Herman, Muskogee, Oklahoma
Travers, S. \V., Richmond, Va.
Trippe, Mrs. M. W., New York, N. Y.
Tucker, H. St. George, Lexington, Va.
Tunstall, Richard B., Norfolk, Va.
Tunstall, Robert B., Norfolk, Va.
Turner, Rev. C. H. B., Waycross, Ga.
Turner, D. L., New York, N. Y.
Turner, Morton \V., Roanoke, Va.
Tyler, Dr. Lyon G., Williamsburg, Va.
Valentine, B. B., Richmond, Va.
Valentine, E. V., Richmond, Va.
V'alentine, G. G., Richmond, Va.
Valentine, M. S., Jr., Richmond, Va.
Victor, E. K., Richmond, Va.
Vincent, George A., Fairmount, \V. Va.
Waggenci , B. P., AtLl.iion, Kan.
Walker, G. A.. New York, N. Y.
Walker, J. G., Richmond, Va.
Walker, Norvell B., Richmond, Va.
Waller, E. P., Schenectady, N. Y.
Walling, Jilrs. Willoughby, Chicago, 111.
Ware, Mrs. L. C, Staunton, Va.
Watson. Mrs. A. M., Washington, D. C.
Washburne, Mrs. Mary M., Louisville, Ky.
Watts, Judge Legh R., Portsmouth, Va.
Wayland, Prof. J. W., Harrisonburg, Va.
Webster, Admiral Harrie, U. S. N., Rich-
mond, Va.
Wellford, B. Rand. Richmond, Va.
Wertenbaker, Prof. T. G., Princeton Uni-
versity, Princeton, N. J.
White, J. B., Kansas City. Mo.
White, Miles, Jr., Baltimore, Md.
White, William H., Richmond, Va.
Whitner, Charles F., Atlanta. Ga.
Whitridge, Mrs. Wm. H., Baltimore, Md.
Whitty, J. H., Richmond, Va.
Wight, Mrs. Agnes D., Cockeysville. Md.
Willard, Mrs. Joseph E., American Embassy,
Madrid, Spain.
Williams, E. Randolph, Richmond, Va.
Williams, Mrs. F. L., Bristol. R. I.
Williams, Langbourne M., Richmond, Va.
Williams, Mrs. S. W., Salem, Va.
Williamson, H. M.. Portland, Oregon.
Willson, Mrs. Howard T., Virden, III.
Wilson, Col. Eugene T., U. S. A., Cristo-
bal, Canal Zone.
Winston, James O., Kingston, N. Y.
Wise, Mrs. Barton, H., Richmond, Va.
Wise, Prof. Henry A., Norfolk. Va.
Wise, Col. Jennings C, Richmond, Va.
Wise, John C, M. D., U. S. N., Washington
D. C.
Wise, Rear-Admiral Wm. C, U. S. N.
Wise, Wm. H., Chicago. III.
Withers, Alfred D., Roane's, Va
Woodhull, Mrs. Oliver J., San Antonio, Tex,
Woodward, Dr. E. L., The Plains. Virginia
Worsham, John C, Henderjon, Ky.
Wortham, Coleman, Richmond, Va.
Wrenn, Rev. Virginius, Amelia C. H., Va.
Wright, E. E., New Orleans, La.
Wyatt, Wm. H., Jr., Richmond, Va.
Wynn., Mrs. James O., Atlanta. Ga.
Wynne, Miss Mae, S. M., Huntsville, Texas.
Wysor, Harry R., Muncie, Ind.
Yoakum, R. B., Leavenworth, Kan.
Yonge, Samuel H., Richmond, Va.
Zimmer, W. L., Petersburg, Va.
LIBRARIES— Annual Members.
American Geographical Society, New York,
N. Y.
Boston Public Library, Boston, Mass.
Brooklj'n Public Library, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Brown University Library, Providence, R. I.
Califorriia Society, S. A. R., Los Angeles,
Cal.
Carnegie Free Library, Alleghany, Pa.
Carnegie Free Library, Nashville, Tenn.
Carnegie Library, Atlanta, Ga.
Carnegie Library, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Chicago Public Library, Chicago, 111.
Chicago University Library, Chicago, IlL
Cincinnati Public Library, Cincinnati, O.
Cleveland, Ohio, Public Library.
Coast Artillery School Library, Fort Mon-
roe, Va.
XI
VIRGINIA HISTORICAL SOCIETY
IfT
Colonial Dames of State of New York, New
York, N. Y.
Cornell University Library, Ithaca, N. Y.
Cossitt Library, Memphis, Tenn.
Department of Archives and History, Jack-
son. Miss.
Detroit Public Library, Detroit, Mich.
Georgetown University Library, Washing-
ton, D. C.
Goodwin Institute Library, Memphis, Tenn.
Grosvenor Pub. Library, Buffalo, N. Y.
Hampden-Sidney College Library, Hamp-
den-Sidney, Va.
Hampton N. and A. Institute Library,
Hampton, Va.
Handlty Library, Winchester, Va.
Harvard University Library, Cambridge,
Mass.
Illinois State Historical Library, Spring-
field, 111.
Illinois Society S. A. R., Chicago, 111.
Indiana State Library, Indianapolis.
Indianapolis Public Library, Indianapolis,
Ind.
Iowa Historical Dept. of Des Moines, la.
Kansas City Public Library, Kansas City,
Mo.
Lexington. Ky., Public Library.
Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Long Island Historical Society Library,
Brooklyn, N. Y.
Los Angeles, Cal.. Public Library.
Louisville Free Public Library, Louisville.
Ky.
Lynn, Mass., Free Public Library.
Nebraska University Library, Lincoln, Neb.
Newberry Library, Chicago, 111.
New Hampshire State Library, Concord,
N. H.
Norfolk Public Library, Norfolk, Va.
Northwestern University Library, Evans-
ton. 111.
Oberlin College Library, Oberlin, Ohio.
Omaha Public Library, Omaha, Neb.
Ohio State Library, Columbus, Ohio.
Parliament Library, Ottawa, Canada.
Peabody College for Teachers Library,
Nashville, Tenn.
Peabody Institute, Baltimore, Md.
Pennsylvania State College, State College,
Pa.
Pennsylvania State Library, Harrisburg, Pa.
Peoria Public Library, Peoria, 111.
Pequot Library, Southport, Conn.
Philadelphia Institute Free Library, Chest-
nut and 18th Sts., Philadelphia, Pa.
Philadelphia Law Association Library,
Philadelphia. Pa.
Pratt Free Library, Baltimore, Md.
Princeton University Library, Princeton,
N.J.
Randolph-Macon College Library, Ash-
land, Va.
Randolph-Macon Womans College. Col-
lege Park, Va.
Theological Seminary,
Washington,
Southern Baptist
Louisville. Ky.
State Department Library,
D. C.
Stanford University Library, Cal.
St. Joseph, Mo., Public Library.
St. Louis Mercantile Library, St. Louis,
Mo.
St. Louis Public Library, St. Louis, Mo.
Syracuse Public Library, Syracuse, N.^Y.
Maine State Library, Augusta, Me.
Massachusetts State Library, Boston, Mass.
Mechanics Benevolent Association Library,
Petersburg, Va.
Michij^an State Library, Lansing, Mich.
Milwaukee Public Library, Milwaukee, Wis.
Minneapolis Athenaeum Library, Minne-
apolis, Minn.
Toronto Public Library, Toronto, Canada.
Union Theological Seminary Library, Rich-
mond. Va.
University Club Library, New York, N. Y,
University of California Library, Berkeley,
Cal.
University of Illinois Library, Urbanaa, 111.
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LIST OF MEMBERS
XI
University of Indiana Library, Blooming-
ton, Ind.
OaivcTsity of Michigan Library, Ann Ar-
bor, Mich.
University of Minnesota Library, Minne-
apolis, Minn.
University of North Carolina Library,
Chapel Hill, N. C.
University of Virginia Library, Charlottes-
ville, Va.
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gantown, W. Va.
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Tenn.
Virginia State Library, Richmond, Va.
Virginia Military Institute Library, Lex-
ington, Va.
Virginia Polytechnic Institute Library,
Blaeksburg, Va.
War Department Library, Washington,
D. C.
West Virginia Department of Archives and
History, Charleston, W. Va.
Wheeling Public Library, Wheeling, W. Va.
Wyoming Historical and Geological Soci-
ety, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.
Yale University Library, New Haven, Conn
LIBRARIES— Life Members.
Boston Athenaeum Library, Boston, Mass.
California State Library, Sacramento, Cal.
Columbia College Library, New York, N. Y.
Library Company, Philadelphia, Pa.
New York Public Library, New York, N. Y.
New York State Library, Albany, N. Y.
Richmond College Library, Richmond, Va.
Washington and Lee University Library
Lexington, Va.
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July 14— lyr
THE MAJORS AND THEIR MARRIAGES
By JAMES BRANCH CABELL
Embracing the most complete account existent of fifteen allied Virginian
families of the Peninsula; comprising Aslon, Ballard, Christian,
Dancy, Hartwell, Hubard, Macon, Major, Marable,
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Virginia Revolutionary and
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THE ARMISTEAD FAMILY,
1G35 1910.
By Mrs. VIRGINIA AR?.JISTEAD GARBER.
A book of 30;") pages, with index, containing the Armistead Arms In
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r . . V ; Oct-14-ly
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THE
Virginia Magazine
OF
HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY.
Vol. XXIV. April, 1916. • No. 2
Report of the Journey of Francis Louis Michel from
Berne, Switzerland, to Virginia, October 2,(1)
1701-December 1, 1702.
Part II
Translated and edited by Prof. Wm. J. Hinke, Ph. D.
Now I return again to York Town, where, as mentioned be-
fore, we arrived on April 8th. On one side lies York, opposite
Closter [Gloucester]. On the following day the captain de-
parted for Willemsburg, where the Governor resides, a dis-
tance of about 18 miles, to announce his arrival. At night he
returned again. On the 10th we went to him to learn whether
we could land. He replied, the Governor had been informed
(1) After the first part was in print, the translator noticed that he
had failed to render one sentence correctly. It is the last sentence on
page 37 of the Magazine, continued on page 38. It should read as fol-
lows: "The fourth and last kind are flying [squirrels), very small and
pretty, of t)rown color, but with a white belly. They lly only in the
evening or at night. Instead of wings they have loose skin along the
side of their body which they spread when they fly or jump."
On page 19, note *, a misprint was overlooked. It should read "Mr.
Stanard very kindly furnished notes 30-33, 36, 37, 40-42, and 49."
The editor of the Magazine, Mr. Stanard, very kindly contributes the
following: notes to this part: Nos. 2a, 3, 5, 7, 11, 12, 24, 25, 26, 27, 40, -13.
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114 VIKGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. . .,
of our arrival, (because of the four French families, with whom
I traveled) . He congratulated us on our arrival. We were also
allowed to go where we pleased. We asked him [the captain]
for peiToission to leave oiu' clothes and the rest of our goods in
the vessel until we had explored the land and had foimd a
suitable ]^lace for us to settle in. He consented to this. To-
getl.er with two Frenchmen (the name of the one was Peir, the
other Fal:)attier, (2) honest and good people) I had myself at
once brought to shore, on the Closter [Gloucester] side. It
gave us great pleasure when we could again step on land for the
firsi time. It was in the most beautiful season of the 3'ear,
the flo\Aers, trees, birds, their song and ever^'thing we saw bore
no compaiison to European things. The lovely fragrance of the
many trees that blossomed, their strange species and leaves de-
ligl'lcd us not a little.
After we had passed through the forest for several miles, we
sa^^' at our right and left plantations or farms (for as already
indicate'] peojjle do not live closel)^ together, but each one
selects a suitable place, where he finds good soil, pasture and
water.) Finally we became i arious to know how the houses
looked inside and what food people were eating. We entered
one which stood near the road, but no one was at hom.e, except
the maid servant, whom we asked for some water. She gave
us also some food, a species of small white beans, cooked with
bacon, which had been prepared for the overseers of the slaves.
It was good. The food prepared for the negroes that v/ork was
pounded Turkish maize, cooked in water, called hominy, a
healthy food. The bread was made of the above-mentioned
com, baked on the fire (2a). We did not like it very mv:ch
and could hardly eat it. The bread, baked in an oven, is better.
Bread is also made of wheat, but not for the slaves or servants.
Before I continue my journey I find it necessary to report a
good habit or custom which prevails there with regard to
strangers and travelers. Namely, it is possible to travel
through the whole coimtry without money, except when ferry-
(2) Pierre Sabattie occurs .several times as godfather in the baptismal
record of King William Parish.
(2a) This was the ash cake now almost as unfamiliar to Virginians
as to Michel.
THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. ' 115
ing across a river, which costs not less than 1 bitt or 4 Batzen.
In the first place, there is little money in the country, the little
that is found there consists mostly of Spanish coins, namely
dollars. Tobacco is the money with which payments are made.
There are also few ordinaries or inns. Moreover, it is not a
country in which much traveling is done, though the inhab-
itants visit one another. Even if one is willing to pay, they do
not accept anytliing, but they are rather angry, asking, whether
one did not know the custom of the country. At first we were
too modest to go into the houses to ask for food and lodging,
which the people often recognized, and they admonished us not
to be bashful, as this was the custom of rich and poor. We
soon became accustomed to it. Thus we continued our joumc}'.
It was our purpose to travel to ?\Iattabany(3), where Swiss
people were living, especially a man named Willion, known to
me from military service, another of the Pays de Vaux de
Bcxd), back of the bailiwick of Aehlen, who was lieutenant
captain under Saccona3^ After we had proceeded some dis-
tance, we saw the Closter [Gloucester] Church, (5) standing
solitary in the forest, which I have already mentioned as being
one of the most beautiful, built of bricks. From there we con-
tinued through the forest. We met a man on horseback (it is a
strange sight to see anyone traveling on foot) whom we asked
about the way. For the guidance of those not knowing the
way it is only necessary to watch the signs that are found on
trees along the great high road. Ever}' year white places are
cut into the trees with hatchets, by the removal of the bark.
There are so many ways that otherwise one could easily go
astray. There are many paths that lead to plantations,
others have been made by the cattle or the game. The man
on horseback just mentioned, asked us where we came from and
where we intended to go to. He told us that not far from that
place Swiss people were living. I was anxious to see them.
(3) Mattabany {Mattapony) — Willion, is he known? Possible Willeroy,
a name still found in King William County.
(4) Pays de Vaux de Bex is the Canton of Waadt in Switzerland,
called Pays de Vaux in French. Bex is a small town near the R^one
river. South-east of Aigle, to which Michel refers by the German name
Aehlen.
(5) Gloucester Church. From the statement that he soon reached
the Swiss peo!)le at Mattapony, this was probably Petsworth Church.
o.t
115 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
We reached the house in a short time. I expected to find
[French] Swiss, but met there the four sisters Lerber(G) fr^m
Berne. I do not want to stop to describe their condition.
It would be very desirable if they had someone, who could
manage their place and secure servants for them. Their
mother died shortly after their arrival. From there we con-
tinued our journey. In the evening we came to a kind-hearted
man, of whom we inquired about the way, but, as it was late,
he did not want us to proceed, but gave us good lodging. He
showed us an unoccupied farm, which he was willing to let us
have for a year without rent, but we did not like it. There
are many people who have plantations for rent. Two to five
pounds secures a good dwelling, and as much land as one can
work. Most of the wealth consists in sla\'es or negroes, for if
one has many workmen, much food-s.tuff and tobacco can be
produced. These negroes are brought annually in large num-
bers from Guine and Jamaica, (the latter of which belongs
to England) on English ships. They can be selected according
to pleasure, young and old, men and women. They are entirely
nalced when they arrive, having only corals of different colors
around their neck and arms. They usually cost from 18-30
pounds. They are life-long slaves and good workmen after
they have become acclimated. Many die on the journey or
in the beginning of their stay here, because they receive meagre
food and are kept very strictly. Both sexes are usually bought,
which increase afterwards. The children like the parents
must live in slavery. Even if they desire to become Christians,
it is only rarely permitted, because the English law jjrescribes
that after seven years' service they are [in that case] to be freed,
(b) The following note is found in the "Berne Year book," page 83f.
about these ladies. They were probably the daughters of Francis Lud-
wig Lerber, Secretary to the city treasurer of Berne, who had the fol-
lowing daughters: Anna Barbara, born 1675; Anna Magdalena, born
1070; Catharine, born 1078; Maria, born 1680; Johanna Margaretha, born
1082; and Barbara Elizabeth, born 1085. In the proceedings against
the Annabaptists at that time the "Lerber sisters" are mentioned. It
is, therefore, probable, though not certain that they left Switzerland,
because of their faith. In Brock's Huguenot Emigration to Virginia,
page 33, "Madame Iferbert and her four daughters," is mentioned as a
Swiss settler. Could they be identical with these ladies?
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THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 117
(7) in accordance with the Mosaic law. When a slave is bought
from the captain of a ship, he is not jjaid at once, but the slave so
bought usually plants tobacco, in order that the captain may be
paid with it. Lately, before my departure, I was over night on a
ship, which several days before had come from Guine* with
230 slaves. They get them there for a small sum, as also gold
and ivory, but a hundred of them died on the journey to Vir-
ginia. It is said to be a very unhealthy country. Half of
the sailors died also, including the brother of the captain,
who had sailed along as clerk. The others were sickly and
yellow in their faces. It often happens that the ships must be
left in Guine, because everybody dies of sickness. The cap-
tain, to whom I refer, was named Schmid. He almost shared
the same fate. I was surprized at the animal-like people,
The savages [Indians] are a far better breed. Among such peo-
ple food tastes so badly, that one can hardly stand it. The
negro fever is due to this, because it is their common sickness.
It clings to ],eople for a long time and emaciates them very
much.
To return lo my fonner journey, After five days we came to
my countrymen, who had arrived in this coiuitry two years
ago(S). We were sur])rized at the good condition they had
reached in so short a time. Especially one of them, born at
Neiienstatt(9), was well provided with house, cattle and grain.
The)' are the last settlers on the side of Mattabany. Mr.
Willon had not becom.e accustomed to such v/ork and did not
have the means at that time to buy slaves. Besides, his house
burnt dovnr once with all of its contents. They entertained
us according to their ability. We stayed with them for two
days. But their conditions [of settlement] which they had made
(7) Was there such a law? Under various Virginia laws servants
over 19 years of age, coming in without indentures were to serve five
years. In 16G7, the Assembly enacted that baptism of slaves did not
free them. As the parish registers show, the baptism of slaves soon
became common.
(*) This is French Guinea in West Africa, called Guinee by the French.
(8) This Swiss colony at Mattapony was probably a branch of the
Huguenot colony at Manakintown. Michel dates its establishment in
the year 1700.
(9) Neuenstatt, usually called by its French name Neuveville, lies
at the Lake Bicnne, in the Canton of Bcme, Switzerland.
Vii
118 ^ VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE ! '.*
with IV'kijor Borell(lO), did not suit us. They were to i>lant
and clear the land for fourteen years. Meanwhile he would
advanee to them whatever they needed. They in return were to
give him one-third of the cattle, together with several 100 pounds
of to])acco annually, repay the money loaned and at the end
of the above mentioned years he should be free to decide
whether he would allow them to stay there any longer or not.
This agreement did not suit us, although it [the settlement]
was located at a cheerful, healthy and good place. We bade
them farewell, hoping that we would find a more suitaljle
place. It is very important to make inquiries first l:;efore
settling. We traveled on the other side of tlie stream, between
two ri\ers for about 50 miles till we came to Westpoint,(ll)
where two rivers part, aS stated above. As the river is \-ery
broad and the ferryman lives on the other side, it is customar>' to
make a smoke. As soon as he notices it, he comes across.
Each person must pay one shilling as fare.
We had forty miles to travel to Willemsburg to greet the
Go\'ciT.or. Mr. Peir had a letter of recomniendation to give
to him, which is of miuch ^^^sistance in such places. We came
to see him one morning, when he had sent for us and had read
the letter. We had to go with him to prayers because it was
time for them. Afterwards he asked us what our desire was.
We told him, nam.ely, to settle at a favorable place and we asked
him to give us advice. He promised to remember us and told
his Secretary [Edmund Jenings] to take us to the Bishop,
who is also called President Blair, with instructions to inform
us what the custom and usage of the country was. Before
leaving he ordered dinner to be served to us, with command to
treat us well. The servants, however, are not on good terms
with the French and did not carry out the order right. They
gave us soup with fresh ham and some small beer. But the
butler took us into the cellar, filled with all sorts of strange
(lOj This was no doubt Major Lewis Burwell, of "Carter's Creek,'
Gloucester County, and "Kings Creek," York County. He was a mem-
ber of the Council itnd died Dec. 19, 1710.
(11) Westjwint, at the head of York River, where the Mattapony and
Pamuiikey meet, was on a large tract of land owned by Col. John West,
Jr., nephew of Lord Delaware. In 1691, a town was establi.shed here
whicli was named Delaware in 1705.
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' • *■' THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 119
driiiks. He gave us some English stout, very strong, after-
wards Rhine wine. The Governor drinlvs no wine nor sLrong
drinl-:. From there we went with the Secretary to jMr. Blair,
who recei\'cd us courteously and dranlv to our welcome from
silver vessels. After he had been informed of our desire, he
laid before us a number of points in the French language as
well as he could (for he could speak only a little French).
He told us that it depended upon us entirely, whether we would
take up some college land according to custom, as mucli as we
desired, and for three years without taxes. After that time v/e
would liave to pay the royal taxes, namely, every male jjerson
who had reached the 16th year, annually 100 pounds of tobacco
and about the same amount for the Church. These are all the
taxes. When this small amount is paid, one enjoys freedom
and protection in this country. This proposition suited us
much beitc-r than the first at ivlattabany. Nevertheless,
in view of the worship, my companions preferred to see Man-
igkinton tirst, for they have a preacher there paid by the King.
The soil there is also mueh better and more fertile than in most
places in Virginia. Besides, the settlers there have seven years
in which they pay nothing. We therefore postponed decision,
wishing neither to refuse nor to accept this offer, but we took
it under advisement. On the same day we went to Mr. Fo''s,
[Fouace] to whom I have already referred. He gave us liow-
ever a short answer. The reason was that he had done mueh
for the French but they had rewarded hira ill. He told us
that when twelve Frenclimen were together, ten of them wore
no good and not worth getting a lodging. We attempted to
excuse ourselves as well as we could, but it was of no avail.
He asked whether we had the mark [of our worth] on us, by
\\'hich we could be recognized. Later, when he heard from our
cajjtain how we had acted on the ship, he showed us much
kindness and love.
/\fter we had been away till the 20th of April, we returned to
our people, who were very anxious for tis and were afraid that
something had happened to us. In the morning the captain in-
formed us that he had to sail to Westpoint and he would like to
have ns remove our goods, which v/as agreeable to us. Wc had
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120 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
our boxes and barrels removed from our sloop to another. The
c-a])tain gave us two sailors to take us to Kinskrig [Kings-
creek] ( 12) not far from Willemsburg. Then we took leave of
him. He promised to be ready at all times to help us, except
one of us, an aged man, who had lost his wife on the journey,
named Savori. He would have to pay his passage, because he
had made the captain angry several times and had had many
quarrels with him. As soon as we had left the ship, they
weighed their anchors and sailed 40 miles farther up into the
country. We made only 5 miles tonight, then anchored.
On the following day, however, with good wind we sailed to
the abo\-e mentioned Kingscreek. We ran against an oyster-
hank and had to wait there for two hours, till the tide came.
At three o'clock we reached our destination, where we left the boat
lo look for a place in the nearest houses to store and get shelter
for our goods. There was on a hill a house next to our peoi)le,
I.L'if 'nging to a man Refhubert. All of us made a weekly agree-
nent with him for ten shillings. We unloaded the goods
a id l)rcught them on land that evening, but because there
was .so much of them and it was already late we could not get
tl-icni into the house. We intended to keep vratch with them.
Tovards midnight we went there all together with rifles to
\\'atch. We made a fire, but soon there came such a thunder-
storm and rain that our fire v/as quickly extinguished. We lay
down under a sack with covers and mantles, but we could hardly
siand it half an hour. Finally we got very wet and as no im-
I'rovcmtnt could be expected and as it rained still faster, we
k "i our post. We had the greatest trouble to get up the hill,
A\ i;ich v;as overgrown with trees, and find our way to the house,
r. ihe morning we found everything in good condition. We
carried our goods that day into the house and counselled about
taking :: new journey. Together with Sabattier I was a])-
ij>;)intcd to trax'cl to Manigkinton, which was about 75 miles
distant. On the 23rd we started on our journey, telling the
others to take good care of themselves. I had a map of the
country ^^•ilh me which was ver}' serviceable. I also took my
rifle and l^ayonet along, ]:)artly to shoot partridges, which we
(12) Kings Creek flows into York River.
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THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 121
had met on our last journey in large numbers, partly for the
sake of security, although there is not the least danger to travel
in lh:U country because of wicked people. But in case of travels
to and bej'ond the frontiers, none goes without a rifle because
of the savages.
After a three days' journey we came to Falensgrig [Falling
creek'] during which time nothing of note happened to us. We
found good lodging places everywhere and since the people
love strangers, we had a good time. During the day we shot
tiirtle-doves which are found there in large numbers, together
AA ith some partridges.' From there it is 25 miles to the [French]
ci>l(jny through the wilderness. On the way there were no
houses, hence we were concerned about going astray. We had
received the best possible instructions as to the situation of
the ] ilace. Hence we left the river on our right. Thus we could
noi go astray, as the place lies on the river. In the morning
VL started our journey. We met some countrymen armed,
who came from a plantation. We asked whether they came
from a hunt, they said no, but that it was not safe in this
region because of the savages. After we had followed till
nexrn a path, pointed out to us, over hills and valleys, Vv'e
finalh came to two roads and did not know which one to take.
Wc took the one on the right hand, which we followed till
eA ening. We saw no end and became impatient thinking
that Vv"e had missed the right way. The outlook was for a
tlanderstorm and night was approaching. We marched,
according to the best of our ability, till we saw a little house,
1) .1 found no sign that anybody lived there. We continued a
li tie farther, when we saw a number of huts. But they were
i'M abandoned. Finally we saw smoke, which gladdened us
vox a little. When we reached it, it was a small house with no
one in it, and as the rain began to fall, we went in and started a
fire. The house was in sad condition regarding beds and fur-
riiiure, nor v/as food there in abundance, only a piece of game
and a little bread. From there we came in half an hour to a
F.enehman, who was cutting down a tree. He told us that wo
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122 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
were near Manigkinton,(13) which we reached soon. I recog-
nized at once a man from Aargau,(14) who gave me lodging
and was very glad to meet a countryman. On the follov.ing
morning I visited two French Swiss, named Nicon and Detoit.(l5)
The first is lieutenant of the place. They are richh' provided
witli e\'erything. The governor dined with him recenth/.
The captain or head of the place is a surgeon by profession,
named Chaltin,(16) who had long resided at Ifferton [Yverdon,
Switzerland]. We vrent to the pastor, Air. Dujoux.(17) Since
his house burnt down recently he lodged in the church, which is
still very small, but £200 have been set aside to build a new
churcli. Conditions here differed in every respect from those
of other places. Things that are grown are there in such
abundance that many Englislimen come a distance of 30 miles
to get fruit, which they mostly exchange for cattle. Gardens
are filled there v/ith all kinds of fruit, especially the garden of
the man from Aargau. The cattle are fat because of the
abundant pasture. The soil is not sandy, as it is generally
in Virginia, but it is a heavy, rich soil. Each person takes 50
(13) Beverley in his History of Virginia, ed. 1725, part IV, page 45 1
describes the settlement of the Huguenots at Manakintown as follows:
"In the year 1G99, there went over about three hundred of these, and the
year following about two hundred more, and so on, till there arrived in
all, between seven and eight hundred men, women and children." They
were settled on a tract of 10,000 acres about twenty-five miles above the
falls of the James River, on the south side of the river, in what is now
Powliatan County. The district had formerly been occupied by the
Monacan tribe of Indians, after whom the settlement retained its name
Mon;'.c:m (Manakin)-town. A disagreement in the second year of their
settlement caused many to leave, so that in May 1701 there were about
250 settlers left. See Brock, Huguenot Emigration to Virginia.
(14) Aargan is a Canton in the northern part of Switzerland, adjoin-
ing the Canton of Basle.
(15) The nearest approach to Nicon is Abraham Nicod, who came to
Manakin-town as a member of the first colony, see Brock, 1. c, p. 45.
Pre. Dutoit is mentioned in a list of French Protestants in King William
Parish, of about the year 1714, They may be identical. See Brock, 1. c,
p. 74.
(,1G) Chaltin is probably ide.itical with Stephen (Etienne) Chastain,
who came with his wife Martha as a member of the first colony (Brock,
1. c, p. 45). They had four children (Brock, 1. c., p. 21), among whom
were probably Jean and Pierre Castain. They were prominent about
1714. Brock, 1. c, p. 74.
(17) Rev. Benjamin De Joux, formerly pastor of the Reformed Church
at Lyon, headed the second colony. He served as pastor till 1704. An
inventory of his estate is dated April 1, 1701, sec Brock, 1. c, pp. VIII,
13, 20.
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' ■.; THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 123
paces in width, the length extends as far as one cares to make it
or is willing to work it. (18) I have already mentioned that the
Indians had a town there and how it was destroyed. Since
that time trees have not grown very large, so that in a short
time and x\ith little effort a large place could be cleared for
building purposes. I have seen there the most awful ;vild
grapevirics, whose thickness and height are incredible. There
are several kinds of grapes, the best are as large as a small nut.
They make fairly good wine, a beginning has been made Lo
graft them, the prospects are fme.(19) It is much healthier
there than towards the ocean. The country is full of ^-arne and
fish. The Indians often visit there, bringing game, iimi and
oiher smaller things. There is a good opportunity to trade
wrch skms. They [the Indians] often bring pottery and when
desired fill it with com. There are more than CO fPrenrh]
families there. (20) They all live along the river.
Lately two wealthy gentlemien came and had buildings erected
there, because of its convenient location. In a word, we saw
that this place would be ver}- useful to us. To further our end
the nnmsler gave us a letter, signed by the officials of the place
and addressed to the Governor, requesting that we might en-
joy the same privileges(21) as they did, which was later granted
by the State Council. We left there much pleased and re-
turned to our people, where we made everything ready for our
journey thither. We rented a sloop which carried our bag-
gage till Falensgrig [Falling creek]. Thence with carts and horses
It was brought to the proper place, v/here we occupied our land
I handed mine over to Mr. Dutoit, who will manage it in my
absejice^Hnstructe d him to malce every preparation, so that,
1. ^c^\x ^T^ ^"""'''^ atlvi^kin-town was allowed 133 acres, see Brock,
(19) This is corroborated by Beverley, who writes: "The last vear
they began an Essay of Wine, which they made of Wild Grapes eathe^d
m the Woods; the effect of which was a Noble strong bS Claret of
a curious flavour." Ed. 1725, part IV p 46 'claret, ot
(20) On May 10, 1701, Col. Randolph, Capt. Eppes and Capt Webb
Brocl^ 1 c"t"4'^""' ""^^ '''"' '°""' '''''' "^°"' seventyTutrsee
wis crea^ted'^n^r'''' ^' V^^' ^^e French settlement at Manakintown
w^as created mto a separate parish, King William's Pari.sh, with their
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124 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE
When I rctuni, he can carry out my intention. I re-^etted not
a httle that was not sufficiently provided with m an'aTd
hence eornpelled to returti. About 400 dollars are ZtJ^
. n order to set up a man properly, namely to enable hta o
bu3 _t«-o slaves, with whom i„ two years a beautiful fam, can
be cleared, because the trees are far apart. Afterwar™ "
settler must be provided with cattle, a horse cost^.a
us^al price 4 lbs., a cow with calf 50 shilH g;, a n a e PI
h,lh„,,s, Funiiture and clothes, together wifh took and pr
to be"' >rr' ""'' ''^° ^ °" *'■'""' " - indeed posdbfc
pass by before one gets into a good condition. The one «*o
n,uTh Wore" if ™ 'T "-'''• '''"""'' ''^^ ™<^ --" -•«
much, before he can make progress by his work alone By
ear t^ he' " b' T" " '"' '"'° ^"^^ ^ -"*"- '^e firs
™h^ ewm! nV "" f'"' '"""'^y' "here it is possible
. ith sc UH means and so easily to make an honest livinJ and be
• ban o.r™f '"T- ^"^ '™ "™"'^ -" -'- - bigge C,
tub, "LT':; "" ^f"^'""-- incredibly fast fvithott
°e is ,;i merr '" '^■'>""'"''-'"™- When a tree or something
and bear fi^l sTd ' ■ '"f '° "= '' ^'°'^ "P » --
desires Th^ '' '" """ ^■'''"■''™' S''^^^ "''clever one
atsires. The cows are pasturing round about the house dur
n addition there is no lack of game and fish. Besides it is a
quiet land devoted to our religion, and he who wan sto n Iv
onest exercise finds' opportunities enough for it espechlh-
the 01,0 who loves field work or hunting. It ' he e o '
^_, possible to live an honest life, quietly and content dlyMui
'" u-^., '"SI- 'M''°f ^^^ '^"'^ aud gain a sufficient knowled-v of
. ade, so that, if the Lord will bring me back again safcl
here may be no doubt that I shall have the pleasure rf ^ '
io mo- h^ T "', ™"'' '° '''''' "P '■■••"l>"g "ceds no io
:.■.''■.', T^'^ ^'"■-' "-'*»'^'c for one who has c :
perience in it [iradel
SK
THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 125
Poor people, such namely as ask for alms, are not seen. If
one is disabled in means and strength, the county keeps him.
If one wants to hire out, as there are some who do so, he can
get annually from 4 to G pounds from merchants; the wealth-
iest gentlemen do not pay more than 10 pounds. In short,
provisions are there in abundance. It is a land for people,
who desire with small means to reach a coinfortable living
and do not care for society and luxury.
.After I had stayed in IManigkinton for several days, on my
second visit, and had received from my countrymen, as well as
from the others, much kindness, I took leave. With the hope
that I would soon see them again, I returned alone through the
wilderness and lost my way, because, when I reached a path,
I thought ii was the way, but it was only used by the game.
After several hours it suddenly ended, which dumbfounded
me not a little. After much trouble and walking about I
found the right road again. I saw much game. After travel-
ing four days I reached Kinskrig [Kingscreek] near Willems-
Inirg at our first lodging place, where I had left most of my
baggage, namely what I needed for the return journey and what
I wanted to sell. As the time had been fixed when the fleet
was to sail for England I sold all my merchandise, a part at
the house, Lmt most of it at Willemsburg. I was well pleased,
as I could dispose of nearly ever>^hing. One who has no ex-
perience makes many mistakes, especially when taking in
money, wliich consists mostly in Spanish piasters and is paid
by weight. I also made a mistake in not exchanging every-
thing for tobacco, but, as I shall soon report, I did not want to
return this year.
Meanwhile, about the middle of May, a small French frigate
arrived from Ireland, which announced the sad news of the
death of King William. A few days later four warships reached
Quiquedam which confirmed this report and brought a letter
from the English Government to the Governor, with the order
to announce the death of the late King (22) and to proclaim
Queen Anne, which caused general grief and consternation.
The Governor caused the order, which he had received, to
(22) King William III, had died March 19, 1702.
..SI
'r.vjityj^ '
126 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
be read from the pulpits of his province and he called out the
militia uf the six nearest counties to appear about the 18th of
IMay under aims before liis residence. Meanwhile he caused
everything to be in readiness, which was necessary for a me-
morial service of the King, as well as for the proclamation of
and rejoicing over the new Queen. He also asked the Indians
to be present, who appeared at the appointed time with two
queens together with forty of their most distinguished war-
riors and servants. Inquiry was made whether any one knew
how to set off fireworks. Several from the warships volunteered
v/ho with micagre knowledge made the preparations. Three
theatres [grand-stands] were erected before the college where the
fireworL's were to be set off. On the appointed day a large num-
ber of people appeared with as well as without arms. The
celebration began on a Thursday morning. The armed con-
tingents, on foot as well as on horse, were drawn up in line.
Two batteries were also mounted and a tent was pitched,
where the bishop delivered an oration on the King's death.
The anncd men were then drawn up before the college in a
threefold formation, in such a way that the college building
formed one side. Then there were soldiers on both sides and
also oi>posite, making three divisions, so that the calvary
and the dragoons were stationed on the two wings and the
infantry in the center. I have already given their number as
about 2000. As can be seen from the drawing, the college
has three balconies. On the uppermost were the buglers from
the warships, on the second, oboes and on the lowest vio-
linists, so that when the ones stopped the others began. Some-
times they all played together. When the proclamation of
the King's death was to be made they played very movingly
and mournfully. Then the constable appeared with the
scepter. It was like the English standards [flags], which v/cre
wovev with gold, covered with crape. Likewise those who
carried them were dressed in mourning. Then followed the
Governor in mourning, as also his white horse, whose harness
was draped with black. The death of King William was then
announced by the Secretary. Afterwards the Governor or-
dered the rifles reversed under the amis and with mournful
i:;.'"
or/
.<^.
11
.- ■ [v^ "^"^ Yr^^>:-n>^' ^vq r3' ^iM c-t- r^' ( ><?r ^^?^F?=i7t^l^>M' ;^^f ?
>• '<^^j: o/ ";. •7«.'fv///,/,'///w/*v- /^yA*.^f.-:v- ^ Saiiv/''ifuL.L^-^i^ .. ...:., ;I/^
THE COLLEGE STAXUING L\ WILLIAMSBURG IN WHICH THE G(A"ER.\()R
HAS HIS RESIDENCE, 1702"
(Michel's crude drawing shows the first college building which was burnt in 1705. It
had a high basement, with three stories and a half above.)
i
THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 127
music they marched with the clergy to the above named tent,
where a toi;ching oratii^n was dcHvered, which caused many
people to shed tears. After considerable marching and counter-
marc hing, the troops were ordered back to their former place [be-
fore the college] holding their rifles as is customary. It was now
noon. The musicians began to play a lively tune. Then the
constable appeared in a green suit, the scepter no longer draped.
The Governor, who had retired, api^cared in blue uniform, cov-
ered v.iih braid. He had also exchanged his horse. The Secre-
tary then read publicly, while heads were uncovered every-
where, the royal letter and edict, that the second daughter of
the departed and late. King James had been chosen and crowned
Queen, in accordance with royal decree and law, with this
added command to render her obedience and dutiful homage.
Then everybody shouted three times Hurrah! that is, may she
live. They Vv'a\'ed their hats in the air, gave three salutes
with the cannons as well as with the small arms. /\fter this
was done, the arms were stacked. Then the Governor caused
most of those present, i. e., the most prominent people, to be
entt-rtauied right royally, the ordinary persons received each
a glass of rum or brandy with sugar.
After the meal was finished, the troops were again drawn up
in line as before and marched to the State House which is rmder
constn:ction, ai a distance of about three rifle shots, where
the new Queen was proclaimed. Thence they marched to
another place, called Anna Land, where the same proclama-
tion was read as at the first place. Finally it began to grow
dark (it ought to be stated that in this country day and night,
in summer and winter are not more than one hour shorter or
longer). i\s tliere were not enough houses to lodge all the
people, they had to be content to camp under the open sky.
At night the Governor entertained again as at noon, the var-
ious toasts were repeatedly answered by cannons and buglers.
A master [of eeremonies], who was stationed on one of the
bridges, was considered the most expert and boasted of his
skill. But the result showed that he did not succeed in gain-
ing much honor. In order to presen.^e liis reputation he acted
as if the fire had fallen unintentionally into the fireworks,
iii
128 , VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
for he blew up everything at once in a great blaze and smoke.
As there were all kinds of fireworks, many and large rockets,
he like others had to run and he had his clothes burnt. Many
regretted the accident, but others saw clearly, that it had been
set on fire intentionally, in order that his false boasts and
clumsiness might not come to light. When the proper time had
come, the Governor mounted his horse to superintend the rest
of the fireworks himself. The college was full of the leading
people, to see them [the fireworks], as also a large number of
people outside; for such a performance had never been seen
nor held there there before, the windows were set with a double
row of candles, the musicians played as best they could, the
buglers were especially good. When it was to begin the Gov-
ernor asked if they were ready. They answered: yes. Then he
commanded them to set off the fireworks. This was done with a
reversed rocket, which was to pass along a string to an arbor,
where prominent ladies were seated, but it got stuck half
way and exploded. Two stars were to be made to revolve
through the fireworks, but they succeeded no better than with
the rockets. In short, nothing was successful, the rockets also
refused to fly up, but fell down archlike, so that it was not worth
while seeing. Most of the people, however, had never seen
such things and praised them highly. The one who had set
his part on fire carried oft" the highest praise, because they
thought he had done something extraordinary. The fire-
works were very expensive, but there was not much diversion
for one who had seen much more than these. I had taken my
place in the highest part of the tower on the [college] build-
ing, ^vhence the best outlook was to be had by day and night.
As it was eleven o 'clock at night and my lodging place was two
miles away, being also compelled to pass over a miserable,
misleading road, I stayed up there over night, although I was
afraid that, if somebody should find me there, it might be mis-
interpreted of me, being a stranger, but no one came. When
day dawned,. I left the building, without anybody noticing me.
On this day the troops were again drawn up in line. They
rendered the oath of allegiance and the Governor ordered some
military drills. After much marching and skirmishing noon
TSl
!)0 O^
128 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
for he blew up everything at once in a great blaze and smoke.
As there were all kinds of fireworks, many and large rockets,
he like others had to run and he had his clothes burnt. Many
regretted the accident, but others saw clearly, that it had been
set on fire intentionally, in order that his false boasts and
clumsiness might not come to light. When the proper time had
come, the Governor mounted his horse to superintend the rest
of the fireworks himself. The college was full of the leading
peoi)le, to see them [the fireworks], as also a large number of
people outside; for such a performance had never been seen
nor held there there before, the windows were set with a double
row of candles, the musicians played as best the}' could, the
buglers were especially good. When it was to begin the Gov-
ernor asked if they were ready. They answered : yes. Then he
commanded them to set off the fireworks. This was done with a
reversed rocket, which was to pass along a string to an arbor,
where prominent ladies were seated, but it got stuck half
way and exploded. Two stars were to be made to revolve
through the fireworks, but they succeeded no better than with
the rockets. In short, nothing was successful, the rockets also
refused to fiy up, but fell down archlike, so that it was not worth
while seeing. Most of the people, however, had never seen
such things and praised them highly. The one who had set
his jjart on fire carried off the highest praise, because they
thought he had done something extraordinary. The fire-
works were very expensive, but there was not much diversion
for one who had seen much more than these. I had taken my
place in the highest part of the tower on the [college] build-
ing, \vhence the best outlook was to be had by day and night.
As it was eleven o 'clock at night and my lodging place was two
miles away, being also compelled to pass over a miserable,
misleading road, I stayed up there over night, although I was
afraid that, if somebody should find me there, it might be mis-
interpreted of me, being a stranger, but no one came. When
day dawned,. I left the building, without anybody noticing me.
On this day the troops were again drawn up in line. They
rendered the oath of allegiance and the Governor ordered some
military drills. After much marching and skirmishing noon
,<1*IIJ ^ n.
ti /iJili
I ■ THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 129
t:ame, wlicn the dinner, as on the preceding day, began with
much poTnp and sumi^tuousncss. After it was over, the Gov-
ernor showed his HberaHty by arranging a rifle match. When
tlie soldiers had finished, no one was allowed to shoot excei:it
those born in the country and some Indians. The prizes con-
sisted of rifles, swords, saddles, bridles, boots, money and other
tilings. When most of the shooting was done, two Indians
were brought in, who shot with rifles and bows so as to sur-
jjrize us and put us to shame. I shall now relate of these
jHople as much as I was able to learn.
As mentioned above the representatives and principal men
of four different tribes, about forty in nrunber, appeared on
the appointed day. First of all, there is in this country,
pretty far up in the wilderness, a large people, governed by an
emperor. They have not come into the colony to inflict dam-
age, because for one thing they are afraid of English power,
but especially because they are unable to flee from the cavalry,
as they have but few wild horses of which they can make use.
If the English hear the least report, they mount their horses
and hunt them up in the wilderness, whoever falls into ihcir
hands is doomed to death. Then they also remember their
neighbors, most of whom were killed in the earlier wars. Some
years ago the emperor offered to the Governor several thousand
men, to use them together with the English troops in fighting
against the Indians in Canada, who at times tra\'el great
distances to inflict damage on the English and the Indians in
Virginia. But the Governor answered him, that he was neither
afraid of the Indians of Canada nor of others and he thanked
him for liis oft'er. Those who survived the recent wars, who
were at first regarded as one with them, are subject to the King
of England. They pay annually a certain number of beaver
and otter skins as tribute and as a sign of their submission.
Some years ago one of the subject chiefs was brought to Eng-
land, upon the order of the English King, where he received
more honor and attention than he had expected. He was sent
back well dressed and with presents.
130
VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINK.
Those who are still alive, are four different nations. (23)
In summer they stay in the forests here and there for the sake
of hunting, but the permanent homes of one of the nations are
at the Potomac (24) River, several hundred miles inland or
in the wilderness. Another nation dwells at the Rabahanac
River, (25) far up in the country% the third not far from Manig-
kinton,(26) the fourth along the ocean, between Virginia and
Carclina(27). Those who were present at the proclamation
brought with them as much as they could cany of all kinds of
v.'ild animal skins, prepared or fresh. They prepare them
entirely white. They also brought a large number of baskets,
carried on the arms, of different colors, made very artistically!
The material is a kind of root(28). They weave into them all
kinds of animals, flowers and other strange things, very beauti-
fully. Everything that they bring is bought to send it as a
present to England. They also make tobacco pipes, very
beautifully cut out and formed. Their hats are small, round
above and well closed, as the drawing shows.
They have no clothes, except what they get through trade with
the English (29). They wear them when they have to go the
Christians, which happens once a year, at the annual muster of
the troops, in order to show them the power [of the English].
Their loins and feet are then covered with a little piece of skin.
They arc well formed brown people, of ordinary size, but a
Htile smaller than we. They have small fierce eyes set deep
in their heads, black hair, hanging down upon their shoulders,
most of them, however, have it cut short, except the women!
who wear long, black hair. Wh en thejy^re summoned, their
1 7.^^^^ 7''^. fo ""^ statement is found in Jones, PresliU~State ofvit^Riida.
liZi, p. IS. But the tributary Indians, of which there are but four small
aflowed til ^''^-'"'^ °" ^^'^ ^'^'^ °^ ^^^ Mountains, Keep to the Bounds
(24) Indian settlement at Potomac, Rappahannock, &c. See "The
Powhatan Confederacy Past and Present," by James Mooney, in the
American Anthropologist, January-March 1907
(25)]
(26) \ For these notes see reference as under (24)
(27)J
(28) According to Beverley, History, 1725, Booklll, pn 7 62 the
Indians made their baskets of silk grass. ' '
(29) This does not a^ree with Beverley, History, 1725, Book III, pp
^-/, who describes at length the summer and winter clothes of the Indians.
•yfU Xti T
K
THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 131
t
king or queen, as also their princes and nobles (but with some
difference) wear crowns of bark, (30) a little more than a buckle
wide, round and open above, with wliite and brown stripes,
half an inch long, set in beautifully in spiral form, so that no
bark is visible. The women, especially the queen and her three
servants, were overhung with such things, strung on big and
small threads or something similar, in place of chains. (31) I
wondered what kind of material it was. I examined, therefore,
the fmery of one of the maids of the queen. I cannot compare
it to anytliing better than to strips of leather, hung over the
harness of horses in this country [Switzerland]. They had per-
haps three pounds of such material hanging around their neck
and arms. They are not unfriendly and ugly people, but their
language is very wonderful, so that I cannot describe how it
sounds and how they change their voice.
Regarding their religion, I have heard from reliable people,
who have had much intercourse with them that they fear Satan,
who torments them frequently (32). They also say that
water is stronger than fire, because fire can be extinguished by
water, hence water was to be feared and honored more. They
further believe that if they are disobedient to one of their
superiors or kill one of their people or live badly otherwise, that
after their death they will come into a land in the north, cold
and evil, but those who live honorably, according to their
(30) This crown-is also described by Beverley, ed. 172.5, part III, p. 2:
"The people of condition of both sexes wear a sort of coronet on their
Heads, from 4 to 6 inches broad, open at the top and composed of Peak
or Beads, or else both interwoven together, and worked into Figures,
made by a nice mixture of the Colours. Sometimes they wear a Wreath
of Dyed Furs." Plate 3 facing p. 5 of Beverley's account shows such a
coronet.
(31) Michel r Jers evidently to what Beverley, History, 1725. Ill, 58f.
calls "wampon peak." These, he says, "they wear instead of Medals
before or behind their Neck, and use the Peak, Runtees and Pipes for
Coronets, Bracelets, Belts or long Strings, hanging down before their
Breast, or else they lace their Garments with them."
(32) Devil V/orship by the Indians is also alluded to by Beverley
(ed. 1725, part III, p. 32). One of the Indians explained to him: "If they
did not pacify the Evil Spirit, and make him propitious, he would take
away, or spoil all those good things that God had given, and ruin their
Health, their Peace and their Plenty, by sending War, Plague and Fam-
ine among them."
rr?
>rmaJ i/.i/
132 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
opinion, will come into a land in the east, good and warm(33).
They like strong drink or nun beyond all ^measure. They
drink it without modesty till they are drunlv. Afterwards
they make wonderful faces and act as if they were angry and
wanted to strilce their enemy. There were at that time no
king but two queens among them. The older one got so drunk,
that she lay on the ground like an unreasonable brute. When
they, especially the men and unmarried fellows, want to mal<e
merry, they wet their heads and faces. Afterwards they smear
it over with a red paint, so that not the smallest place can be
seen that is not red.
There were also some who had a narrow spangle drawn through
their nose. Its meaning is unknowm to me. Some had also
a tuft of strange feathers under their ears, in some cases larger
than in others (34). I think it indicates those who are the best
hunters. They were ridiculously dressed. One had a shirt
on with a crown on his head, another a coat and neither trou-
sers, stockings nor shoes. Others had a skin or red cover
around them. In their homes they are naked, as I have seen
one at Manigkinton, who came back from hunting. He had
nothing but his rifle, knife and powder horn, except a linen
rag which covered his sexual parts a little, and a deer skin
[moccasin] protecting his feet, that the thorns might not hurt
him. He had also a tuft of feathers behind his ear. When
strangers come to them, they entertain them according to the
best of their ability, with roasted game, wild fruits, fish and a
kind of food, made of coarse and fresh meal. If one does not
\.-ant to eat what they place before him, they say he is sick
but if they notice that this is not the case, but that it is done
(33) Jones, Present State of Virginia, p. 16, describes the belief of the
Indians in a future life similarly: "They believe that they go to Mohomo-
ny that lives beyond the Sun, if they have not been wicked, nor like Dogs
nor Wolves, that is, not unchaste, then they believe that Mohoniony
sends them to a plentiful Country abounding with Fish, Flesh and Fowls,
the best of their kind, and easy to be caught; but if they have been
naughty, then he sends them to a poor barren Country, where be many
Wolves and Bears, with a few nimble Deer, swift Fish and Fowls, diffi-
cult to be taken; and when killed, being scarce anything but Skin and
Bones."
(34) Beverley {History, III, 4) speaks only of one feather stuck into
the knot of hair behind the ear.
XMIS;
■<j 1o y'^'
THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 133
through contempt, they are angry. I once saw one of them
eating this kind of meaL Then I also took some of ^it, raw as it
was, out of the sack, which he had carried around with him,
and I tried to eat the dry, coarse meal with a Httle stick of
wood or knife, but I could not eat it, because it was so bitter
and of unpleasant taste in the mouth (35). When they have
taken a mouthful, they do not open it again, until all has gone
down the throat. There was at one time much laughter over one
who was eating meal. He saw alongside of him a piece of a glass
bottle. He thought it would be handy to put the meal into
his mouth with it, he tried it, but he cut himself in two places,
so that it bled. Another stepped upon a piece of glass, Ijcing
barefoot. He also bled profusely and did not know what
caused it.
The most wonderful thing is their dancing (36) . The Governor
when he was sitting at the table in the evening, with the other
gentlemen, had the young queen come in, who was wearing
nice clothes of a French pattern. But they were not put on
right. One thing was too large, another too small, hence it
did not fic. She was covered all over with her ornaments,
consisting of large and small pieces, of all kinds of colors.
Her crown was like those of the others, but it v^^as much more
beautiful, set with stones more artistically. She was a nice
person, but timid and shy, like the others. When she entered
tiie hall, the gentlemen took off their hats, she, the queen, bowed
also. When the Indian king himself is present, the Governor
gives him the right hand. Then they began to play, but the
queen danced so wonderfully, yea barbarously, that everyone
was astonished and laughed. It has no similarity to dancing.
They make such wonderful movements with body, e>'es and
(35) This mciil is called "Rockahomonie," by Beverley (History, III,
18). "SonieLimesalso in their travels, each man takes with him a pint or
quart of Rockahomonie, that is, the finest Indian-Corn, parched, and
beaten to {)owder. When they find their Stomach empty (and cannot
ktay for the tedious Cookery of other thinj^s), they put about a spoonful
of this into their mouths, and drink a draught of water upon it, which
stay.s in their Stomachs, and enables them to pursue their journey with-
out delay."
(36) For Indian dancing see also Beverley, History, 1725, III, 22, 53f
Jones, Slate of Virginia, 1724, p. 8; and Lawson, History of Carolina, ed
1S60, pp. 6Sf,2S5.
jn'H4 (<.:..; ;, !
-w } V'M.
134 VIKGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ' ■■
moiuh, as if they were with the evil one. At one time they
rave a.s if they were angry, then they bite their arms or other
parts with their teeth, or they are entirely quiet. In short, it
is inijiossible to describe this mad and hididrous dance.
Tliey do not esteem silver or gold, and do not want to tal<e it.
Their money is like the material they hang around them,
but small, of white and pearly color, like small corals, strung
on a string (37). It is sold by the yard so to speak. They
measure from the index finger to the elbow, which length costs
half an English crown.
After the celebration was over, I endeavored to sell, as best I
could, whatever remained of my merchandise. I intended to
exchange with the Indians skins and baskets for powder and
knives. A deer skin would have cost me a dollar, a basket
half a dollar. But I refused to do it. ^. y nfle was valued at
twelve skins. I did wrong not to malie this bargain, for in Eng-
land a deerskin is valued at more than two dollars. A Frcnch-
m.an and I \\ ere astonished at the ba.skets and that two of them
could speak English. One of them looked at V:S and said in poor
English, whether we thought that if they had been taught like
we, they could not leani a thing just as well as we. I asked him,
where he had learned to speak English, he answered, they were
not so stupid, because they had to come every year, the}' could
hear us speak and leanit it that wa\'. It is certain that good
talents are found among them. When I \\'as looking at one
of the skins and found that it Vv'as full of holes because of the
shot, I pointed it out to him (because he knew about as much
English as I did) he asked, how one could get the animals
without shooting them. I said, shoot in the head. He then
asked \^'hether I could answer, whereupon he looked at me and
shook his head.
After several days had elapsed and I was almost thro^igh
sellii^g my goods, except those things for which there was no
market and which I did not want to give away with loss, one
(37) According to Beverley, History, 1725, III, p. 5S, "the Indians
had nothing which they reckoned riches, before the English went among
them, except Peak, Roenoke, and such like trifles made cut of Cunk
fConch] shell. The}' past with them instead of Gold and Silver, and
serv'd them both for Money, and Ornament."
.IK.
li.Ui
»Cf'! Jl. 'A
:!./•;, :.. •>•
THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 135
day a sloop passed by my lodging place to load lumber on a
pink, (38) belonging to Bristol, which was then lying at anchor
at Yorktown. Among the sailors who brought the sloop was
a Hollander and a Swede, who talked with me. They said
rhat next to their ship a large sloop was ready to sail to New
York. This pleased me very much, for I was in the country
to travel through it and, as I had heard many good reports
about that country, I had a desire to visit it. The cajjlain,
whose name was West, was with a merchant named Wacker,
[probably Joseph WaUcer of York Co. who died in 1723. His
will is in the Wm. & Mary Quarteriy VI, 150], not far from my
dwc]lin.t^^ place. I asked him to load my baggage on his sloop,
m order to take me to the above named place, which he granted.
Hence, (after taking leave of my host, who had provided me
with various victuals) we left at noon, and after much rowing
and pulling, because the wind was contrary, we arrived at his
ship at night. I asked at once whether the New York sloop
was still there. They said yes, its captain had beffli on their
ship during the evening. Hence I stayed over night on this
ship. Eariy in the morning I rose up to make an agreement
with the skipper if possible, but, to my consternation saw the
ship already under sails. Thus my plan had miscarried, as
such opportunities are rare. I was, therefore, compelled to
hunt a place in Yorktown, where I could stay till another
opportunity offered itself. I stayed there twelve days, but I
.saw that there was no opportunity and that I could not trade.
It was also expensive to Hve there, because at such a j^lace
where ships land, it is usually more expensive than elsewhere.
During that tiane I heard many good reports about Pennsyl-
vania and that some people from Virginia moved there. One of
them from France, who was captain there, named Mr. Chariere
de Cossonay, was known to me, who is said to have great wealth.
Many Germans and Hollanders live there and many othe*
advantages were related to me. As I intended to travel
another year before returning to England, I handed my trunlcs
overdo a trustworthy man, upon sufficient receipt and security
(38) A pink is a vessel with a narrow stern.
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136 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
and as that country [Pennsylvania] was only 700 miles (39) by
land, I went to Quiquedam to find there, if possible, a sloop
to talce me to Philadelphia. I reached it in one day as it is
only 25 miles from York. There I found ^ sloop, in accor-
dance with my desire, which had brought beer from Phila-
delphia. But it was stopped by the warships which were then
lying tliere and was compelled to make a trip to Carolina to
fetch salted pork from there for the ships. I met the master
of the sloop, who gave me a letter to his wife in Philadelphia,
together with instructions as to the route I should take. The
nearest way would have been to sail to Accomac, but there was
no opportunity. Hence I had to return to Yorktown. The
hot weather continued, so that it was pretty difficult for me to
travel. Nevertheless, I was ferried over the York River,
being well armed and provided with maps. Then I marched
all alone for four days when I crossed a swamp called the
"Dragon's Swamp" (40). There I lost my way. FinaUy I
saw a house, where I entered to inquire about the way. There
I met two men, who took me for an escaped servant. All my
explanations were in vain. They led me to a justice of the
peace, who lived not far away. He asked me for my passport.
I told him I had recently come into the country and that its
customs were unknown to me. He inquired about the ship
and the name of the captain as well as about other details.
I answered him as best I could, because the English language
was then barely known to me. He saw that they had done me
an injustice and he released me again. But he told me that I
could hardly proceed without a passport. Besides, he was
surprized that I undertook alone in such a hot season a long, un-
known journey. But I hated to return such a long way in order
to gel a passport from the Governor. Hence I made up my
mind firmly to go as far as possible. This man wanted to give
me food, however, I would not accept anything but a drink.
When he saw that he could not induce me to give up my plan,
(39) The distance is of course much overstated. The distance iipm
Richmond to Philadelphia is not over 250 miles.
(40) The Dragon Swamp extends from the head of the Pianketank
river uinvards between the counties of Gloucester and King and Queen
on the south, and Middlesex and Essex on the north.
.L..
THE JOURNEY QF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 137
he V. ished nie good luck for the journey. The two men, who had
arrested me, begged my pardon and asked mc to go with them,
offering to give me a dinner, but as they lived away from the
road, I declined their offer. In the evening of this day, it was
Saturday, I lodged with a Hollander, who received me very
kindly. I stayed with him the following day, because it is not
considered becoming there to travel on Sunday. He also told
me that I could hardly travel through Maryland without a pass-
port. I remembered that a certain Mr. Ladenin,(41) who upon
our amval visited us on board of ship and spoke with me and
the (jtliers, was the English minister at the Rabahanak River.
I inquired after him and heard v/ith pleasvire that he lived only
three miles away from there. On Monday I set out to hunt him
u]). But I came to a branch of the large river, whose water was
ver\' high and as there was no other way, I hardly knew what to
do. Finally I undressed and waded across, but the water
reached up to my neck. Thence I noticed a house, which proved
to be Landenin's dwelling. I asked for him. He came to
see what was my desire. I related to him about my journey
which I had contemplated, how I had been stopped aftd that
according to the statement of all the people I had seen, it was
not possible lo travel without a passport. I, therefore, asked
him to give me a recommendation to the nearest justice of the
peace, who would not have refused, in that case, to give me a
passport.
But he was unwilling to do it, because he did not know me
well, and although he had spoken with me, yet that was of no
consequence, hence he could not comply. But I showed him.
that there was no danger in granting my request and I asked
him to give me simply a statement that he had seen me on such
and such a ship, having come from England as a free passenger.
Finally he could not help himself, but had to testify to the truth.
He told me to go to a house, three miles from there, where a
justice of the peace lived. But he had ridden away when I
(41) This is the Rev. Louis Latane, who with his wife, child and ser-
vant arrived in Vir{:,inia in the year 1700 and was till his deatn in 173-5,
rector of the South Famhnm parish, in Essex County, f )n July 20, 1722,
he became joint patentee with seven other men of 24,000 acres of lanci in
Spotsylvania County, on the south side of the Rapidan. See Brock,
Huguenot Emigration, p. 29.
m
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138 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE ' '
arrived. Half an hour later Mr. Landenin also arrived there,
but when he heard that the justice was away, he was unwilling
to assist me further. On that day it was very hot and an
accident almost befell me. I traveled in the great heat with-
out food until noon. Then I found that my strength was giving
away and it was growing dark before my eyes. When I felt
this and could see no house, I hardly knew whether it would be
best to lie down behind a tree or not. But I determined to
walk on as long as I could. I soon saw a clearing through the
woods, also a house and people working in a cornfield. I
hastened to them, but I had to climb a fence, while I grew
constantly weaker. I placed my rifle on the other side of the
fence, but a black sack, wliich I was accustomed to carry on the
shoulder, in which was my linen, and especially a good part of
my money, I placed on the fence. Then I tried to climb over,
but I fell back. The third time I fell backwards on my back
and head, as I found out later. The jjeople, who were watching
me, thought that I was drunlc and laughed at me. But finally
they came to see who I was. I was lying there in a faint. As
they saw me in such a condition, they took me up and carried me
into the house, together with my rifle and bag. If they had
known what was in it, there is no telling what might have hap-
pened. After I had lain there for a while, I regained con-
sciousness. Then I took some of my balsam and orvietan
(42), which I always carried with me, in a little rum or brandy,
whicli strengthened me at once. I also ate something. Then
I looked for my money. I fovmd everything untouched, ex-
cejit my knife, which was of Aarau make, I could not find.
Afterwards v/hen I wanted to pay the people, they would not
take anything. On the same evening I traveled four miles
farther and at Pascataway(43), crossed a river. On the fol-
lowing day I continued my journey through large forests.
In that part the land is not closely settled, because it is at the
uppermost part of the Rabahanalc River in Stratford County.
(42) Orvicton is here some home remedy. In French it is used of
quack medicine, so named after a quack doctor from Orvicto, Italy.
(4o) Pascataway Creek in the present Essex County. Michel was
mistaken in thinking he had reached the upper part of StafTord on the
nc.xi ilay. In fact he had not crossed tlie Rappali.innock.
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THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 139
Phis diiy I missed the road. I traveled till noon without food
in great heat through the wilderness, but did not meet a single
person, the road becoming smaller and smaller, so that I feared
something imtoward might happen. In the middle of the road
I foimil a large sack, which was full and tiei shut. I wondered
what il might be. I stepped on it with my foot. What was
inside fell down and rose up again, so that the bag became
stretched tight and round. I stepped on it again and it fell
together as before. I could not regard is as something good.
As I was alone and lost in this wild place, I had all kinds of
anxious thoughts and concluded to let it alone, whatever
it might be. Thus I continued my journey with apprehensive
thoughts and hungry. I could see few signs that people v/ere
living near. (Otherwise it was my habit when I traveled
through the country, to inquire about the way and to mark all
the roads, which I was to meet, upon a paper. Then I added
how far I was away from such roads, in short I noted all the
accompanying circimistances and how the right wa^' could
be known.) I soon emerged from my cares, because I saw a
field that had been cut and then a house. When I entered it I
found good people, who showed me kindness and expressed
compassion with me that I had to travel on foot in such heat.
They told me that I had gone far astray. They showed me a
good road . I went on a little distance, until I came to an English-
man and a Frenchman, who were keeping house together.
Because of the heat I stayed a day and a half with them. I did
not feel well. They asked me to stay with them. They would
treat me as I desired. I thanked them for their offer and their
kindness. They took me across the Rabahanak River. I went
onward a day's journey when I lodged with an honest man,
who lived at the Pottomac River. When he heard of my in-
tention he dissuaded me from the journey with good reasons.
He was suprized that I had come alone thus far. He said,
if I passed this river, I would be in Maryland and the first man
who would get a sight of me had power to demand my passport.
He who does not have any, is jailed until a rej^ort has been re-
ceived from the place whence he came. Whoever in such
cases, he said, was strange and unknown and had none to in-
0€I .jaioi
140 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
quire after him, would lose his liberty and his money, for he
would have to pay half a crown a day. From this and other
warnings I had received I saw the impossibility of going any
farther. I thanlced him for his infonnation and turned back
im])atiently, having traveled half of the way in such great
heat in vain. I drank much water daily, which I had to sweat
out while walking.
I became so weak that I found it difficult to get back again.
The country is more fruitful and has a better soil that many
places in Virginia. Meanwhile rainy weather set in. Finally
I reached Yorktown after I had made such a long and trouble-
some journey in vain. I felt afterwards, day after day, as if
sleep would overcome me, which is a precursor of land-sickness.
People are much inclined to sleep in this country. I have
heard from people that they had seen men, overcome by the
death-sleep, who had been led and wanted to sleep while walking,
but nothing could keep them, until they finally passed away (44) .
To travel alone is not good and I do not want to undertake it
again, because one is subjected thereby to many dangers.
I was often made to sleep in outhouses, and when tired and
sleepy had to be apprehensive of some accident that might
happen to me, because I was often compelled to take lodging
in remote places where there was but a single house. If they
had committed an overt act against my life or property, who
could have made a complaint? Otherwise I lived better
while traveling than when not. I made good use of their hos-
pitality. One must, however, be surprized when lodging with
poor people, for better food is frequently met with there than
among the rich. At other places where I stayed I exchanged
merchandise for food, and thus supplied myself with provisions.
There is little opportunity to sell eatables, except in harbors
and in inns. At these places it is expensive, for a meal usually
costs a shilling.
(44) This is no doubt the well known sleeping sickness, which was first
known to exist on the west coast of Africa, and which later appeared in
some of our Southern States. It is caused by a protozoon, called try-
fonosonia, and is transmitted to both the animal and the human
species by the bite of a fly.
■xuiwanKi iu4l
THE JOURNEY OP FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 141
At York town I met again one of the Lerber sisters on board
of ship, because she had come into the country with the same
captain, who had shown them much kindness. He was also
the cause that she received help from his friends. She was
traveling back to England, besides other reasons, in order to
buy there clothes and other things. As soon as I came on board
of ship, the captain saw me. He asked me whether I had
letters to send off. I said no, but I^intended to return myself.
He said at once, if the ship was good enough for me, it was at my
service. 1 thanked him and accepted his offer. I ordered at
once my goods to be brought to the ship. I must report that,
if one does not have a passport to leave the country, and if his
name has not been read in church three weeks before and has
not been posted, the captain is not permitted under oath to
take him out of the country. But, inasmuch as this captain
had himself brought me into the country, he let it pass. No
stranger ^^'ould have accepted me, if he had known that I had
not comjJiL'd with these regulations.
(To be continued.)
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142 • VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
MINUTES OF THE COUNCIL AND GENERAL COURT
1622-1629*.
From the Originals in the Library of Congress.
1 —
(Continued.)
*A11 erasures in the originals are here printed in itaUcs.
(164.)
Y' is ordered that Capt. West shall deliver some Cloathes
to the Portugall out of Capt. Jones his clothes chest of Cloathes
for his present use w'ch is to be satisfied out of ye negroes
labour. Y' is ordered y' the negro y* cam in w'th Capt.
Jones shall remaine w'th y^ L'a. Yardley till further order be
taken for him and that he shalbe allowed by the Lady Yardley
monthly for his labor forty pound weigght of good merchant-
able tobacco for his labor and service so longe as he remaine
' with her. ... . i
i. ^r . .;,,.■ (165.) '<'n
A Copie of }1' John Woodall (1) His Letter M^ Richard Wake.
Y' so god have appoynted y' my servante Christopher Beste
be not living at your cominge into Virginia or that he before
your cominge bee come for Englande, then I pray you to take
into your Custodie on ban-ell of whet flower marked as in
■: the margent & (W. No. 8) also one Rundlett of six gallons of
aquavitac, and Al so one Rundlett of like (W. No. 2) quantitie
^ . ^^} J'^.^^" Woodall as a surgeon of London who made business ventures
,. in Virginia. Long afterwards he was suing to recover for other losses.
See this Magazine, XI, 175, 178, 285, 287. Christopher Best was living
at James City in 1023.
(2) At the Census of 1624-5, Robert Saben, aged 30, who came in
the Margaret and John in 1022, was living at Elizabeth City.
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MINUTES OF THE COUNXIL AND GENERAL COURT. 143
fillt'd with Taniarindos 3G li and to sell them for me to tlie best
advorjtage )'ou can and I will give unto you for your love
[r] tu me in selling of them as honest Just p'ffett, the Rundletts
are marked (W. No. 4) as in the margent, and for y" Kilderkni
(W. No. 5) and sm^ale cheaste marked as in the margent I
] ra\ you desire the m'r of the shipp to bring them back again
to me uiiop- (C. B. No. 2) ened and well Condiconed and I
will i-iaye him fraught as also all my letters I wrote to Chris-
topher Beste. I desire you to return them sealed unto me
and 1 jjray }'ou speak to him for them and soe God blesse
}'our Vioagc. In witness whereof I have hereunto sett my
hande the 5*'' of November 1624.
By me John Woodall,
To his lo\'ing friend M'
Wake, Chirurgeon
This
&
(166.)
A Courte held the thirde daye of October 1625, being present
S'r ffrancis Wyatt, Knight, Governor &c., Capt. Francis West,
Cajjt. Roger Smith, Capt. Raphe Hamer, Capt. Samuel Math-
ews, Mr. William Cleyboume.
Y* is ordered y' A warrant be sent for Robert Saben(2) and
William Pryor to appeare before the Govern "■ and Councill at
James Cyttie uppon monday next, and y' Pryor doe bringe up
his Covenant with him.
Y* is ordered ,y'' Walter Horsefort shall put in Sufficient
securitie betwixt this and monday next to the Purser and ships
Companie for such defi as shalbe dew unto them.
The Court hath ordered [word illegible] uppon the annext
peticone of Thomias Southemc, one of the Company's tenants
y^ he shall i)resently have his freedom, payinge his rent for the
year, And putting in bond with sufficient securitie in a hundred
pounds Ster. y* he shall pay for the residue of his tyme he is to
sen^e as an}- of the publique Tenants shall paye, whether he
live or dye. :..,t'.K. ^f :; ■ ■ '■■ ... : j. t
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144 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ■
Y* is ordered y' y^ master of the Elizabeth shall pay for a
hogg's [hogshead] of meale, a bushell of peas, one bushell and
a half of meale and one firkin of suet beinge the goodes of Jo.
Peckenell, Deaceased, one hundred & fyfteen pound of Tobacco.
(107.)
Y' is ordered y* Mr. David Sandys, (3) minister, dying about
the first of August laste, shall have the dewes paide for his
ininisterie as yf he had lived till the Cropp had been gathered,
And that all his p'rishoners do paye their tythes to the
Administrator or Executor of the said Mr. Sandys or theire
lav\"full Assignes.
Y' is ordered y^ accordinge to y^ great Charter of orders,
the Counsell shall receave for their moytie the moytie of the
rents of the publique Tenants, Allowing out of it to Mr. Wm.
Cleyboume for his means belonging to his office of Surve}'or
for this year fower hundred weight of Tobacco. And to Randall
Smallwood, (4), Provost IVIarshall two hundred pound of
Tobacco and three barrells of Come. And the other mo>i:ie
to remaine in the hands of S'r ffrancis Wyatt, Governor &c.,
a p'te Satisfaction of his meanes dew to him.
Y* is ordered y^ negro caled by the name of brase shall be-
long lo S'r ffrancis Wyatt, Governor &c.. As his servant, not-
w'thstandinge any sale by Capt. Jonnes to Capt. Bass, or any
other chaleng [?] by the ships company, And neither Capt.
Bass shalbe lyable to his bill to Capt. Jones, nor Capt. Jones
to his Covenant of making good the sale to Capt. Bass.
(168.)
The Oathes of Thomas Swyft (5) and William Bynks Taken
before the ryght Worp'U S'r ffrancis Wyatt, Knight, Governor
&c., the seventh day of October 1625.
(3) David Sandys, minister of James City, 1G24-5, came in the Bona-
venture in 1620.
(4) Randall Smallwood, who was for some years provost marsha
at Jamestown, was living there in 1023.
(5) Thomas Swift who came in the Tiger in 1622, was living on George
Sandys' plantation near Jamestown 1624-5. He seems to have succeeded
Capt. Norton at the Glass House. In 1623 he, John Burland and William
Bincks, were living at "the plantation over against Jamestown." VVm.
Bincks and Ann his wife came in the George.
V> imiKyj hjibiitifi ov/
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Ol
MINUTES OF THE COUNCIL AND GENERAL COURT. 145
Thomas Swyft, gent., uppon his oath deposeth that he
hath herde John Burland sundrie tymes demande of Mr. Therer
[Treasurer] satisfactione for certen Tobacco and three bar-
rells of Come w'ch Capt. Wilham Norton did owe him and
sayeth that Mr. Trear. did p'mise him payment as soone as
Capt. Norton's goodes were solde.
And further he sayeth y' he hath herde it often tymes re-
cited by divers p'sons that Thomas Wilson did worke a longe
time vv'ith Capt. Norton (but how longe he doth not certenly
know), and further sayeth that he hath herde Mr. Peirce Ber-
nardo who Hved in house with Capt. Norton saye that the
said Willson did never receave sattisfaction of Capt. Norton
for his worke.
Wilham Bynckes swome & deposeth that he knew that
the said John Burland did remain with Capt. Norton before
his death and after, A twelve month at the lest, but [what?]
wages he was to have he knoweth not.
And as Conceminge Thomas Willson he deposeth as Mr.
Swyft hath saide.
(169.) . . , ,
A Courte held the XVP*" of October 1625 beinge present
Sr ffrancis Wyatt, Knight, Governor &c., Capt. ffrancis West,
Capt. Roger vSmith, Capt. Raphe Hamor, Capt. Samuell
Mathews, Mr. William Cleyboume.
Y^ is ordered y* William Davis (5) shall pay to the Assignees
of Morris Thompson Imediately three hundred pounds weighs
of Tobacco w'ch was dew to the Morris Thompson by bonde
the fhrst of December last past as by y-' bond p'duced in Coiu-te
Appeareth, And by the said Wm. Davis Acknowledged in
Courte.
Yt is ordered y* the Provost Marshall shall receeve all such
depts and Tobacco as shalbe dew to Elizabeth ffox widdow
and to take the charge of sendinge the same to her to Eng-
land receaving a bill of lading for y'' same & to pay such depts
as ffox did o we in this Country.
(5) William Davis, aged 33, who came in the William and Thomas,
in 1618, was living on the Eastern Shore 1G24-5.
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146 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. -«•«•-» ' 'i^
It is ordered y* there be a warrant sent for Henry Geny
doe appear before the Governor & Councill at James Cyttie
within XXX days next after y'' sight of the warrant to answer
to his Contempt in goinge A Tradinge Contrary to the Act
of the generall Assembly.
(170.)
The deposition of John Tay>or (6) about the age of xxxviii
years taken before Abraham Persie, Esquire and Capt. Wm.
Tucker the xxiiii'^^ of June 1625.
The deponent sayeth y* Capt. George Thorpe came unto
him and demanded wh.[at?] were two of the best cowes be-
longing to S'r Thomas Dale biddinge of him for to api)oyntc
him unto two of the best Cowes for he was to have them, w'ch
this Examanant did do. The w'ch Cowes were deHvereci
unto Capt. Thorpe about six dayes after, but by whose ortler
he knoweth not, for at that Tyme Mr. Henry Watkins was
overseer of the La. Dales servantes and Cattle and had tlie
comand of them, This Examanants knowledge therof is That
Mr. Watkins p'mised him a rewarde to have a care of the
Cattle l^elonging to the La. Dale, And to this Examinants
knowledge S'r George Yardley, Knight, did never give order
for the lending of these two Cowes to Capt. Thorpe, for by
whose order he had those Cattle he knoweth [not?], yett
by all likely wise it was by order from Mr. Watkins, when
this Examinant saw Capt. Thorpe & the saide Henry Wat-
kins talke sundry tymes together about that tyme. And further
this Examinant Sayeth that the names of those Cowes were
to the "best of his remembrance called Bellowman and the
other Morgan, w'ch were also marked with S'r Thomas Dales
markc uppon the homes. And as this Exa't tliinketh was
about the tyme of our Lord 162 0, neither doth he know of any
(6) John Taylor, aged 34, who came in the Swan in 1610, was living
at Elizabeth City 1624-5. Rebecca Taylor, aged 22, who came in the
Margaret and John, 1623, appears next to John Taylor in the census and
was doubtless his wife. John Taylor, it is evident, had, previous to the
massacre, lived at Berkeley Hundred. Henry Watkins lived on the
Eastern Shore in Feb. 1623-4, and in March 1623-4, was a men^ber of the
House of Burgesses. He, too, seems to have lived at Berkeley before
the Massacre.
<l lor^Al
MINUTES OF THE COUNCIL AND GENERAL COURT. 147
Other Cattle or goates of the said S'r Thomas Dales that were
delivered to any other p'sone w'tsoever, He also affirmeth
that S'r George Yardley aforesaid never spoke to him or to any
other to his knowledge for the delivering of any cattle y' did
any way belong unto the Ladie Dale, And this is as much as
this Examinant can saye unto the firste and second Interroga-
tories p'duced by Charles Hamar in the behalfe of the La. Dale.
William. Tucker. The Marke of John X Taylor.
(171.)
Interrogatories to be imp'ted [?] to John Taylor of Elizabeth
Cyttie one the p'te and behalfe of the right Worp'l the Lady
Elizabeth Dale as followth
In primis. doe you know whether Capt. Thorpe late de-
ceased had in his possession Cattle of any kinde w'tsoever be-
longing of ryghte to the la. Dale aforesaide
• Did not S'r George Yardley Knight loan two Cowes of the
said La. Dales to the saide Capt. Thorpe, what were the names
and markcs of the said two Cowes, and how longe tyme were
they so lent unto y« saide Capt. Thorpe, do you know whether
any other p'sons were presente or pryvee to the delivery of
the s'd two Cowes or of any other Cowes or goates of the La
Dales to the saide Capt. Thorpe or his Servants by Sr George
Yardley his order, what are the names of the saide p'sons,
and how many are the saide Cattle or goates or eyther of them!
Declare the truth of your Knowledge according to your best
remembrance unto every poynte of this Interrogatorie.
Item, do you know whether S'r George Yardley himself or
any other p'son either deceased or now livinge in this land or
elsewhere hath at any tyme within your remembrance pos-
sessed and employed to his owne p'pr use any of the Cattle
or goates or the breede of them belonging of right to the saide
La Dale, w' are the names of such p'sones and how many are
those Cattle and goates or their breede that were so possessed
and used, how long it is since the saide p'sones had them, by
what order, and of whom had the saide p'sons those Cattle,
and their breede, declare ye truth of your knowledge to your
remembrance.
TW .Tatjoo JAJisvjTw avi.
iB8
r(A
148 '^ VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. '.'■*''•)
• '■ (172.) ■' ■■ • ■•■
Whereas John Southeme (7) of Titchfield in the Countie of
Southampton was divers years since sent over into Virginia
for the managinge the afifayrcs of Southampton Himdred but
by the Commandments of the Governor was sent upp to the
Iron Workes where he was in many places of his bodie greavously
wounded, To his ahnost utter Undoinge and growing now old
and weake havinge theere Wiefe & Children is willing to Come
for Englande, We whose names are hereunder written Adven-
turers for the Plantacone of the sfime Southampton Hundred,
havinge promised libertie to the saide Southeme before his
goinge hither that he Should retume at his pleasure. Doe
heereb}^ Desire the Governor and Counsell of Virginia for the
tyme beinge and in p'ticular S'r George Yardley to whom the
principall charge of the saide Hundred is Committed, to permitt
the said John Southeme to repayre Unto England whenever he
shalbe willinge soe to Doe w'ch reasonable request hoping you
will nott Deny, We take our Leaves and rest this ffirst of August
1624. from London, Your very lovinge friends,
H. Southampton (8)
Arthur Branfield, John Farrar.
Nicholas Farrar, Gab'l Barber.
(173.)
A Courte held the XXP*^ of November 1625, beinge present
S'r ffrancis Wyatt, Knight Govemor &c., Capt. ffrancis West,
Capt. Roger Smith, Capt. Raphe Hamor, Mr. WiUiam Cley-
boume.
Robert Newman (9) swome and examined sayeth y*
(7) John Southeme came in the George in 1G20, and lived at James
Cittie 1^)24-5. He was a Burgess in 1623 and 1029-30 for James City
Island, so that he must have returned from England. The "iron works"
were at Falling Creek. The Earl of Southampton had an estate at
Tichfield, and was buried there.
(8) Henry Wriothesly, 3d, Earl of Southampton, friend and patron
of Shakespeare and an eminent member of the Virginia Company. One
cannot help feeling regret that a document with signatures of such in-
terest (which was of course sent to Virginia) was not preserved.
(9) The "Muster" of William Gayne and Robert Newman at Eliza-
beth Cily in the Census of 1G24-5, included eight per.sons, among them,
Newman, himself, aged 25, who came in the Neptune in 1618 Edward
Nevell seems to have been agent or supercargo for Thos. Weston, mer-
chant, of London.
r I • ^ ir.ji
MINUTES OF THE COUNCIL AND GENERAL COURT. 149
M"" Crispe demanded his Tobacco of Mr. Nevell and Mr. Nevell
made his answere y' he wold not deliver Mr. Crispe to the
vallew of a pounde w'thout order from Mr. Weston or that Mr.
Weston did come himselfe, and saide let the Tobacco rott or
Spoyle he cared nott.
And further this deponent sayeth that Mr. Crispe did often
tymes demand his Tobacco of Mr. Nevell but he wold not de-
liver it to him.
Edward Nevell beinge examined sayeth y* Mr. Crispe did
divers Tymes demande his Tobacco of him & that he told
Mr. Crispe y* unles he would bring Mr. Wetheredge to enter
into bond y' Mr. Crispe should not Truck away this Tobacco
in y Countrey he would not deliver him any without Speciall
order from Mr. Weston. Mr. Weston gave the order not to
deliver Mr. Crispe any Tobacco unles Mr. Wetheredge would
enter into a bond for Mr. Crispe or some other M^ And fur-
ther he acknowledgeth y'' these denials were made before Mr.
Wetheredge went away.
(174.)
A CourLe held the 24 ^'^ of November 1625, beinge present
S'r ffrancis Wyatt, Knight, Governor &c., Capt. Roger Smith,
Capt. Samuel Mathews, Mr. William Cleyboume.
Y* is ordered y' Capt. Tucker shall deliver to Mr. Samuell
[Daniell] Gookins servants for there necessary use and Susten-
tatione Sujjport Apparell Wheat and Come for one whole yeere,
According to theire Covenants, And that the same be delivered
unto them presentlye, for that theire tyme of service is fully
expired. And in regard y* Capt. Tucker hath written to
Mr. Gookin Conceniinge the Covenante between Mr. Gookin
and these rnen now sett free, The Court conceaves it fitt that
these men may dispose of themselves for this next yeere untill
putting in securitie to Capt. Tucker to give Mr. Gookin such
Satisfactione as the law shall awarde.
Ul
/ ffav^K tnayfibd
. y£W£ aioinT ;ton jliioda sqi/
■jvoVI 'io '"I'S: t) inn') /,
J 50 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
And further it is ordered that John Curtis (10) shall have his
Pass to goe to Englande his brother Thomas Curtis goinge
bond to be answerable for such suits as by Mr. Gookin shalbe
comenced against him for one Conceminge any Covenant be-
twixt Mr. Gookin and him.
(10) Joltn Curtis, aged 22, who came in the Flyinge Hart, in 1621,
lived at Elizabeth City 1624-5. Thos. Curtis, aged 24, who also came
in the Flyinge Hart was then one of Daniel Gookin's servants at "Newports
Newes." Gookins men had evidently came over under "covenant" or
indenture to him.
(To be continued)
; r'-
•il
(11 ,1
f ,
COUNCIL PAPERS.
151
COUNCIL PAPERS 1698-1702
From the Originals in the Virginia State Library
(Continued)
Certificates in Regard to Rev. Samuel Gray
We the Subscribers Justices of the peace as well as Vestry-
men in and for the County of Middlesex & parish of Christ
church in Virginia, Do hereby Certify all & several whom these
presents may or shall concern, That among us hath lived sev-
eral years Samuel Gray, Clerk, a peacefull neighbour, upright
& fair in his dealings 8c of a good conversation. Given under
our hands this moneth of December in the year of our Lord God
1702 and in the first year of the Reign of our Soveraign Lady
Oueen Anne
Rob' Daniel
Wm. KHbee
Rich"^ Kemp
William Skipwith
Jno Grymes
Wm. ChurchhiU
Harry Beverley
Matth. Kemp
Francis Weeks
Henry Thacker
Edwin Thacker
G. Corbin
To his Excellency Francis Nicholson Esq'' her Ma'^^^ Lieu''
and Govern' General of Virginia - ■
May it please Yo'' Excell'=y
We the Subscribers Vestrymen of Copley parish in the
County of Westmorland being destitute of a Minister and hav-
ing the bearer Samuel Gray Clerk well recommended to us
by many v/orthy Gent of the County where he has lived sev-
eral years. Are v/illing with yo"" Excell'^y" Leave to entertain
him as our Min' for the erisuing year as hath been usual ever
since we were a parish.
Ul
YAxO aauMAS .va^ ot aaA03>T «r anTADWiraaD
1'- ej uni-i u,-i,-n rfiiwqiyl'lrnailfiW
uvi.i ""bI/ vA '[.«^ f)0?:lor{'-"^ •.;.r.,.,'^i i ,,jd ^-T
r't ;(• •: ;u;..j Y^'<i ■ >
1<-> rf.. .^
.•:i/i T -I'irr:.. a orrrJi**'
152 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ' ' .".
Yo' Ex^y^ most humble Servants
Jno Gerard Gerard Hutt Rich*^ Lee
James Wcstcomb Jno Bush wood Fra. Wright
Miclill Willington W. Allerton Jno Sturman
Rob' Barrett
At a Vestry held in & for
the s'' parish
March y 17'^ 1702-3. " . . •
Arms Sent to Virginia.
Her Majesty by her order in Council of the 6th of August
last having directed y^ sending of Arms & Ammunition for
y" service of her Matys Colony of Virginia which being laden
on board the ship Cuthbert and Spranger of London, Jno
Markham M"" bound for York River, and by bill of Lad-
ing consigned to be delivered to you or yo'' order in James
River or to the Governor or Com'^'^'' in chief for the time being,
We send you inclosed her Ma''^" letter with an accompt of the
Cost &: charges of the said Arms and ammunition Amounting
to three thousand three hundred eighty eight pounds three
shillings & four pence directing payment of y'^ said Sum for the
same out of her Ma''*^* Revenue of Quitt rents within that Col-
ony by transmitting Bills of that value to the Treas'' & paym'
of this office, and desire on receipt of y*" s'* arms & ammuni-
con you will transmitt bills for y® s*^ Siun of £3388. s3. d4
payable to the honbl^ Charles Bertie Esqr'' Treas'' & pay M''
for y^ time being, and give advice thereof to this board. We
are y^ humble servants
J. Musgrave ' " J. Granville Wm. Bridges
J. Pulteney
Office of Ordnance 1" Febmary 1702
Gov of Virginia.
Jj ^iU.
' ■ =ffj to
b:TU niW
^^ »•!
council papers -■ 153
■ Arms Sent to Virginia
Lord Nottingham TO THE Governor OF Virginia
Whitehall, Feb. 25^*' 1702-3
Sir
The Queen commands me to acquaint you that War
having been declared in the West Indies as well as in Eurojie
in pursuance of her Ma'''-'^ orders ag"' the Spaniards; Her
Ma'y would have you be very vigorous & severe in prevent-
ing any Amnumition or Stores of any kind from being carried
to them, and would have you use all proper methods that may
be most effectual for this purpose. I am
Yo' most humble Servant
Nottingham.
Whitehall, March 20*'^ 1702-3
Sir
Her Majesty having considered the ill practice of the
Merchants and planters in the West Indies during the last war
in corresponding with the French not only in trading with
them, but in carrying intelligence to 'em to the great prejudice
and hazard of the English plantacons. I am commanded to
acquaint you, that by all possible methods you must endeavor
to hinder all manner of Trade & correspondence with the French
whose strength in the West Indies gives very just apprehension
of the mischiefs that may ensue, if the utmost care be not taken
to prevent them. I am
. ••./ . , , Yo"' most humble Servant
Nottingham.
Both To Francis Nicholson Esq''
directed her Ma'''''^ Lieu' & Gov' .i ,, ,
Genl 8c Gov'' of Virginia,
&c. . . •
{;-L'0'
.UKUOy.lTt\t*
V
uijtjlA
•.)A
154 virginia historical magazine.
Account of William Byrd, Auditor General, 1702
Virginia es. William Byrd Auditor to her Ma'»®^ Revenue
of two shill^ p hh*^ for every hogsh** of Tobacco exported out
of this Colony 15^^ p Tunn for every Ship Lading here G*^ p poll
for every person imported also all Rights for land sold from
the 10''' of July to the 25'*' of October 1702 following is D^
hh*^^ Tuns, passeng"
To Ballance due her Maty £ O d ■
as p acco' sent July y" 10"'.. 3515. 10 .3}4
625. 405. 34.
To CoU'o Wm. Wilson
Naval Officer in thelow^
District of James River
his acco * of 2 'o p hh^'port
duty and head money 88. 13 . 3
18841 i. 424. 212.
To CoU'o Miles Cary
Naval Officer in York
River his hh''^ Tuns.
passeng" acco' of Ditto.... 218. 5 .
401. 50. 2890. 879. 246.
To M'' Hancock Custis
Naval officer on the
Eastern shore his acco'
of Ditto to y'' 25"^ of
October 43. 4.6
3865. I3T 0}i
No acco' from Potomack, Rappahan-
nock, the upper District of James River.
To Rights for Land Sold to this date £3892. 18 . ]4
Contra C''
To paid his Excel^'^ 3^ a year sallary, ending
y« 25'h Octo' by order of his Excell^>' 1000. .
By p"i his Excell'^^ }/2 a years house rent end-
ing y'= same time by ord"" as above 75. 0.0
By paid the Gentlemen of the Council }^'2 a
years Sallary ending y*^ same time by ord"" as
above .. 175. 0.
t, n "v
tf^tJ^V 4>'
>r^p/') ^y-iJ' .-''rr>3 f,'f
.SIS >S* .H*«ai
c 811
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yft
r^ 8J .i:«8^.j
.0*^
,'tih'fio
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,0 3TI .
COUNCIL PAPERS. ' ." '• --• 155
By paid William Blathwait Esq'' Yi a years Sal-
lary ending y*^ same time by ord' as above- 50. 0.0
By paid M'' Robertson Yi a years Sallary as
Clerk of the Council ending y** same time by
ord-- as before 25. 0.0
By paid the Sollicitor of Virginia affairs Yi a
years Sallary ending y^ same time by ord'' as
before. - 50. 0.0
By paid IVP Harrison as Attorney Genii Yi a-
years Sallary ending y'^ same time by ord' as
before _... 20. 0.0
By ]jaid A'P Robertson for so much paid the
Ministers for one Genii Court ._ 10. 0.0
By paid Edward Ross Gunner of James City
Yi a i'ears Sallary ending y^ same time 5. 0.0
By paid M'' Robertson for so much paid by him
for sevll charges about the Indians & other
Contingencies by order of his ExcelP^..... 89. 10 .
By paid y'' same for Messengers to New York,
Maryland, &c by order as above 94. 16 . 8
By the Collectors Sallary of £350. 2. 9 at 10
p C^ is 35. . 3
By the Auditors Sallary for £315 rec'' of the
Coll^ & for £27. 5 rec^ for Rights makes £342.
7. 6 at lYi P Cent 25. 13 . 61^
1655. . 534
So that there remains due to her Majesty from
this accomptant the sum of Two thousand two
hundred thirty seven pounds seventeen shill-
ings & seven pence Sterling 2237. 17 . 7
3892. 18 . Y^
William Byrd, Audi to' •■
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166 virginia historical magazine.
Virginia ss.
William Byrd Auditor of her Ma''" Revenue
of two shillings p hogshead for every hogshead
of Tobacco exported out of this Colony 15*^
p Tun for every Ship lading here, and six pence
p pole for every person imported, also for
Rights for Land sold since the 25 "^ of October
1702 till the 25^'' of April 1703 is D' £ O d
Hogs'^ Tuns. pass".
To Ballance due to her
Majesty by acco' 25'^ of
October past .__ _ 2237. 17 . 7
2148. 1115. 104.
To Coll'o Miles Gary Naval
Officer of York River District
his acco' of 2'o p hh<^ port
dutys, head money 288. 19 . 3
1539>^. 450. 34.
To Cap' Natll Harrison Naval
Officer in the Upper District of
James River his acco' of 2° p
hh'' port dutys &c 652. 501.
To Collo Wm Wilson Naval
Officer in the Lower District of .
James River his acco' of 2° p
hh'* and port dutys 96. 10 . 3
882. 435. 28.
To Coll 'o Gan.dn Corbin Naval
Officer of Rappahannock River
District his acco' of 2'o p hh"^
port dutys and head money 116. 1 . 9
898. 161.
. To Collo Rich<^ Lee JiJaval Offi-
cer of Potomack District his
acco' of 2'^ p hh'^ & port dutys 99. 18 . 3
3022. 5.7
To several Rights for Land sold amounting to 101 5^0
£31237l0 . 7
.SMTSAOA.V
b O 1
T . TI .?g2S
i; . «i «8S _
liW mW oH<0 oT
K . (il M 8\
.8K Ml' £88
(> . 1 WW . ^ ■ , ■
■ '*' ' COUNCIL PAPERS. i<it*.«;:, 157
Contra C''
By paid his Excellency 3^ years Sallary ending
yo 25tii April by order of his Excell'^^'.. ._ 1000. .
By paid his Excell'^y }^ years house rent
ending y" same time by order of his Excel^y 75. 0.0
By paid the Gentlemen of the Council }/2 year
Sallary ending y" same time by order as above.... 175. 0.0
By paid Wm Blathwayt Esq'' J^ a years Sal-
lary ending y'' same time by order as above 50. 0.0
By paid M^ Robertson }/2 ^ years Sallary as
Clerk of the Council ending &c 25. 0.0
By paid the Sollicitor of Virgima affairs 3^ a
years Sallary ending &c 50. 0.0 '
By paid M" Robertson for so much paid y
Ministers for one Court & Assembly 10. 0.0 •
By paid JM' Harrison as Attorney Genii 3^
years Sallary ending &c 20. 0.0
By paid Edward Ross Gunner of James City
}/-2 a years Sallary _ 5 0.0
B>- paid M'' Robertson for so much paid M"
John ffrecman for his Journey to New York ;
and back again by order as above 30. 0.0
By paid M'" Robertson for sevll messages
& other Contingencies by ord'' as above..... 98. 15 .
B}' paid the same for charges about Indians
& sevll extraordinary Expresses 87. 8.0
By the Collectors Sallary for £784. 8. at 10
P C' 78.16. 93^
By the Auditors Sallary for £806. 16. 23^ at
Iji P C' 6 0. 10 . 23^
£1765. 10 .
So that there remains due from this acco' to her
Majesty tlie sume of One thousand three'hun-
dred fifty eight pounds and seven pence to
B'lllance _ 1358. 0.7 '
£3123. 10 . 7
William Byrd Auditor
(To be continued.)
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158 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
ir .i V \ vViU 2<,'
VIRGINIA GLEANINGS IN ENGLAND.
(Contributed by Leo Culleton, 92 Piccadilly, London, W.,
and the late Lathrop Withington.)
(continued)
Sir Sampson Darell, Knight. Will 21 May 1635;
proved 1 July 1635. To each of my children £1000 each
except my eldest son. Sir John Parsons to have the order-
ing of my part in the Cole farm for my wife. Executors-
my wife and Sir John Parsons. Witnesses : Buchan Robert
Lesley, Barth: Cressener. Proved first by Elizabeth Dar-
rell, relict, and 14 June 1642 by Marmaduke Darrell son of
deceased on death of Elizabeth. Sadler, 84.
[Sir Sampson Darrell probably had descendants in Virginia as the name
Sampson was frequently borne by members of a Darrell family here.
See this Magazine XVII, 115.] ,,, ,,
Robert Filmer of East Sutton, county Kent, gentleman.
Will 11 April 1629; proved 4 M^y 1629. Body to upper
Chancel of Church of East Sutton. To the poor 40s. To
the lady Filmer my sister £10. To my brother Henry Fil-
mer my gold ring and three suites of apparel two of cloth and
one of pink sattin. Two hats and two pairs of silk stockings.
To my neece, Mrs. Mary Knatchbull, to Sir Robert Filmer,
Mr. Edward Filmer, Mr. John Filmer, Reynold Filmer and
Henry Filmer gent, my nephews 40s. apeece. To my neeces
Mrs. Elizabeth Faulkner, Mrs. Katherine Barram and Mrs.
Sarah Filmer 40s. each for rings. To Edward Filmer my
brother Anthonie's son £20 at 22 years. To his brother
Henry £10 at 23. To his sister Mrs. Francis Filmer my
neece £10. To my daughter in law Penelope Bellinger
her mother's wedding ring. To Mrs. Elizab. Faulkner
my neece a black taffeta gown. To my Lady Filmer my
sister a pair of gloves wrought with pearls. Residue to my
brother Sir Edward Filmer Knight, sole executor. Wit-
nesses: Laurence Foxe, Thos. Gateley. Ridley, 49.
.aM!«A«>iu
W .(zobno
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/r
VIRGINIA GLEANINGS IN ENGLAND. ; .*«. 159
Sir Edward Filmer of East Sutton, county Kent, Knight
(aged 63, 17th January last.) Will 20 October Vth Chas. I;
proved 5 December 1629. To my daughter Elizabeth wife
of William Faulkner Citizen and Draper of London, if she
survive her husband £500. If said husband survive said
Elizabeth then to her children £300 equally divided. If
she die without issue then to her husband £20. Executors
to find meat drink and apparel to said Elizabeth to the value
of £40 yearly. To my three sons Edward, John and Henry
Filrner £10 each. And because my son Reynald's estate
consists in trading beyond the seas I forgive him all debts
(£550). To said Reynold £50. To my son Henry if
he commence M. A. in University of Cambridge £40 and fur-
thur £100. To my daughters Mary KJnatchbull and Cath-
erine Barham £20 each. To Edward Knatchbull my god-
son £5. To his sister Mary £20. To his brother John £2.
To Edward Barham my godson. To Elizabeth Barham
my wive's goddaughter £5. To other grandchildren, Rob-
ert, Thomas, Charles, and Richard Barham 40s. each. To
Dame Ann wife of my son Sir Robert Fikner lb20 for a ring.
To my daughter Sara £1000 further £500 annuity of £10
to my brother Henry. To Dorothy daughter of my brother
Anthony Filmer £10. To Dame Elizabeth my wife £120
and all her chains and jewels and all my household stuff in
CoUedghouse in Maidstone, a third part of linen and silver.
My lease of Rectory of East Sutton towards payment of my
debts. The other two parts of linen, silver, etc., to my son
Sir Robert Filmer. My wife shall have the leases of cer-
tain houses in KJnightrider Street lately given me by my brother
Robert Filmer, esq.. Dame Elizabeth and Sir Robert my son
executors. Witnesses: Wm Davy, Wm Gregory, Richd
Clowgh. For disposing my land in county Kent and else-
where. Lands called Nicholls in Chartham, my lands in
Otterden and lands in Romney Marsh shall stand according to
Indentures made. To my son John £15 yearly out of houses
in Darrant. To said son John also my houses and lands in
Yalding and to his heirs. For default to my eldest son Sir
Robert and heirs. For default to Edward Filmer my second
Ov I
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160 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
son and heirs. For default to Reynold my fourth son and
heirs. For default to Henry my fifth son and heirs. To my
son Edward after my wife's decease all houses and lands
in Darrant. For default to Sir Robert my eldest son. For
default to John my third son. For default to Reynold.
For default to Henry. To Henry my oth son and heirs af-
ter my wife 's decease tenement and land in Warren Street par-
ish of Lenham and one in parish of Charing. For default
to Sir Robert. For default to Edward. For default
to John. For default to Reynold. To my wife Dame
Elizabeth for life all my houses and lands in Darrant, Lenham,
Charing and Sutton Valence, one tenement in parish of Borden.
After her decease the lands in Sutton Valence shall be sold by
Sir Robert if need be. If not needed lands to Sir Robert
and heirs. Witnesses: Wm. Gregory, Wm. Davy, Richd
Clough. Ridley, 110.
[Robert Filmer, whose will was proved in 1629, was a brother of Sir
Edward Filmer, whose will (also proved in 1629) follows. Sir Edward
was the father of Henry Filmer, who emigrated to Virginia. See this
Magazine, XV, 181, 182; XXI, 153, 154. Edward Filmer, grocer, was no
doubt a descendant of some younger son of the family. These wills add
considerably to the pedigree in Berry.]
Edward Fillmer of Cittingbome, county Kent, grocer
Will 3 March 1646 (-7); proved 1st July 1653. I give unto
the poor of the parish 40s., to be distributed among them at
the discretion of the churchwardens. To my cousin Thomas
Fillmer, son of my brother Robert Fillmer, in recompense of
the title which the said Thomas hath, or henceafter may claim,
in certain land in Ottenden, county Kent, now in my occupa-
tion, £60 at his age of 21, provided he then release aU such
right or title to my daughter Elizabeth Fillmer. To my
cousin Jane Fillmer, daughter to my said brother Robert £5
at 21. To my cousins John and Anne Fillmer, son and
daugliter of my brother WilHam Fillmer, £20 apiece at 21. To
my brothers Henry and William Fillmer, 20s. apiece to buy
them rings. To my apprentice Thomas Leshington, all the
wares in my shop and warehouse, and all debts due unto me
by my books, on condition he discharge all such debts as I
shall owe at the time of my decease in the city of London.
3A n
XUi oT
VIRGINIA GLEANINGS IN ENGLAND. 161
To my friend William Allen of Cittingbome, gent., £5. I
\vill thai the said Thomas Lessington shall during the term of
his life enjoy my shop, with the workhouse and warehouse,
and one half part of my dwelling house with the half of the
backside thereunto belonging, with the garden called the White
Heart garden, which is in my occupation, and also the house
and garden that Roger Pannell now dwelleth in in Cittingborne
aforesaid, on condition he pay to my daughter for rent of the
premises £20 a year. My wife Eleanor shall, during her
life, hold the other part of my said dwelling-house rent free;
and if she be not minded to continue her dwelling there, the
said Thomas Leshington shall have the whole of the said house,
paying yearly to my wife for her half part £4. I give to my
wife all the bed, bedding and furniture belonging to it, which
is in my best chamber; also (in lieu of her dower in all my free-
hold lands,) an annuity, of £20. I bequeath all my free-
hold lands and tenements where soever to my daughter Eliza-
beth Filhner and her heirs; for default of issue to her, I give
the house and land where Roger Pannell dwelleth to the said
Thomas Leshington, and my said cousins Thomas and John
Fillmer in bail successively, and for the rest, in case of my said
daughter dying without issue, I give them to the said Thomas
and John. All the residue of my goods I give to my daugh-
ter; and I make the said William Allen and Thomas Leshington
my executors, earnestly entreating them to be careful of my
daughter. (signed) Edward Fillmer. Witnesses: John
Wheately, scr., Willm Goddard. My will is that my execu-
cutors sliall deliver my estate to my daughter at her age of 2L
7 February 1G51 (-2) I, the said Edward Fillmer, of Sitting-
borne, mercer, will that my fonner will and testament shall
stand in fu]l force, except that whereas I appointed Mr. Wil-
liam Allen one of my executors, my mind now is that the said
William Allen shall not any ways intenneddle therein, but that
the other executor by me named shall by my sole executor;
and I give to the said William Allen 10s. To my brother
William I'illmer, an annuity of £5. My mind is that my
faithful servant Thomas Lushington shall have my cherry
garden commonly called Butts garden in Sittingbome, until
fdl
.1 iuyj^
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I..
Jrall ire ^r ,-:'m!'
162 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
my daughter Elizabeth accomplish her age of 19 years, and for
a term of 20 years after, if he will, at a rent of £20, payable
half to my wife Ellen, half to my daughter. And my wife,
and daughter shall yearly have delivered to them 3 bushels
of cherries of the choicest of the fruit, and shall have free
liberty with their friends to walk in the said ground, and take
and eat of the fruit upon the trees there growing at their will
and pleasures. I devise to my daughter my messuage or
inn called The Adam and Eve in Sittingbome, immediately
after she accomplishes her age of 19. (signed) Edward
Filhner. Witnesses: John Hurlstone his mark; Wilkn.
Bowell. Proved by Thomas Lesington the executor named.
Brent, 216.
■= ->.
^ ' .-f ;
'1"''' '. ^'- '- ' ■ .; ■ -..ah ■'■■/i::,-.' f* ■, ■ ,.■ '.,\\:, .Jf."| ■■ i
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VIRGINIA IN 1678. ■ 163
VIRGINIA IN 1678-1679.
(Abstracts by W. N. Sainsbury, and copies in the McDonald
and De Jamette Papers, Virginia State Library.)
■'■ (Continued) ' '
^''' '" . ' '"■ ' Whitehall, Dec. 17, 1678
The King to Thos. Lord Culpeper. Governor Herbert
Jeffreys, Lieut. Governor and the Council of Virginia. To
permit and suffer Ralph Williamson or his assigns to land
and dispose of fifty-two convicted persons of Scotland, sen-
tenced to be banished, and transported to our English Plan-
tations and such others as shall be convicted in Scotland and
sentenced to be transported and delivered into Williamson's
custody, without any hindrance or molestation, any law, or-
der or custom of Virginia to the contrary notwithstanding.
(Colonial Entry Bk. No. 95. p. 166.) . , ■„ ,..,,. ,
Whitehall, Dec. 20, 1678
Minutes of a Committee of Trade and Plantations.
In reference to a report to be presented to his Majesty upon the
several heads of Lord Culpeper 's paper about the establish-
ment in Virginia "it being a Colony of greater extent (than
Jamaica) and of more advantage in point of the customs and
yearly revenue to the Crown;" the Quitrents of Virginia; the
settlement of Towns upon each great River; the laws agreed to
be immediately transmitted to Virginia; the payment of sol-
diers; the patents granted to Lords Arlington & Culpeper an I
the departure of ships from Virginia. 3 pp. 'n':
(Colonial Entry Bk. No. 105. pp. 283-285.) ::iu. , ■
Whitehall, Dec. 20, 1678
Order of the King in Council for the Earl of Danby Lord
High Treasurer of England forthwith to take care that an es-
tablishment be made for the Lord Culpeper and others employ-
A/Tt.'-
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iTDclioH iCinyVL
oT "^ .....J 01,
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164 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
ed in the Gov* of Virginia as also for the two foot Companies
in the like manner and proportion as is already setled for
Jamaica and that his Lordship do provide a fund for the same.
(Colonial Entry Bk. No. 80. p. 263.)
Whitehall, Dec. 21, 1678
Minutes of a Committee of Trade and Plantations.
That Lord Culpeper propose to the Committee such heads as
he shall think fit to be inserted in his Commission and Instruc-
tions. And that in the meantime a draught of such Commis-
sion and Instructions be prepared for their Lordships view
and the Commission and Instructions formerly given to the
Governors of Virginia as also those to the Earl of Carlisle be
made use of as far as it is proper herein.
(Colonial Entry Bk. No. 105, p. 286-287.)
Petition of Lieutenant Edward Rous to the King.
Has long and faithfully served his Majesty and particularly
in Virginia where during the sickness of the late Colonel Jef-
freys (died Dec. 1678) and the disability of Sir William Berke-
ley, he had the chief care of the forces sent thither — but on his
return another was made (contrary to the usual practise)
Captain of the Company whereof he was Lieutenant. The
Captain of his present Company being dangerously ill, prays
for the command as soon as it shall become void.
(Colonial Papers, 1 p.)
1678.
Petition of Edward Rous to the King. Has served
ten years as Ensign in His Maj. own regiment of foot guards
and being amongst other Officers comjnanded to Virginia
to suppress the insurrection of Bacon, the greatest trouble of
that business devolved upon him thro' the continual indis-
disposition of Col. Jeffreys. Since his return a Captain's
place in said Regiment has been given from him, prays for the
company whereof Captain Langley was late Captain.
Whitehall, Jan. 24, 1678-9
Minutes of a Committee of Trade and Plantations.
.aVtlSKOAM
.MtH SflT OT
if '."'•*■ Ki'.ll .T'i
.8731
VIRGINIA IN 1678. 165
in reference to an examination (continued from 18 Dec. 1677)
of the Grievances presented to his Maj. late Commiss" by
the people of Virginia; report agreed to be presented to his
Maj. thereon. Draught of Commission for Lord Culpeper
to be Governor of Virginia read; several amendments agreed
upon; five to be a quorum of Councillors instead of three,
unless upon extraordinary occasions.
(Colonial Entry Bk. No. 105. pp. 192-194.)
Whitehall, Feb. 6, 1678-9
Minutes of a Committee of Trade and Plantations.
The first personal Grievance of Virginia, proved by oath before
his Maj. late Comm" is read, also letter from said Comm''*
to Sir W. Berkeley protesting against the illegal seizures made
by him; their Lordships think fit to report the injustice of the
seizure of the goods belonging to the petif Alex. Walker &
that restitution be made by Berkeley's executors if the same
were seized after 16 Jan. 1676-7 on the surrender of West Point
which put an end to the Rebellion. Draught of Instructions
to be delivered to Lord Culpeper who is to attend on Monday
next with his Proposals. The latter part of his Lordship's
paper presented 14 Dec. last is considered in reference to the
impost of tobacco, presents for the Indian Princes, a mace*
& sword for Virginia & furniture for a chapjjel, furniture for
200 Dragoons & 50 horse with tents, an Auditor and writs to be
issued in the King's name. On reading Order in Council of 30
Oct. last (which see) their Lordships looking upon this Declar-
ation to be seditious & even tending to Rebellion think fit that
(*) The mace seems not to have been sent at this time; but on Dec.
7, 1700, Governor Nicholson presented the House of Burgesses with a
mace, and John Chiles was appointed messenger and mace bearer.
The mace was doubtless used from the beginning as it is in the English
House of Commons; but there are no entries in the journals of the Bur-
gess as to this use until Feb. 1, 1727, when the house was organized and a
speaker chosen. Then "the mace was brought in and laid under the
table." When the Governor had confirmed the choice the mace was
no doubt placed on the table, though there is no entry in regard to this.
On August IG, 1736, Sir John Randolph was elected Speaker *and with the
members went to the Governor for his confirmation. When tliey re-
turned to their chamber "the mace was laid on the table." The mace
continued in use until the Revolution, and an account of how it was dis-
posed of by the fanatical legislators of that day and its later history can
be found in this Mi'.ga>;ine XIX, 3()-')-o0ii.
ddX
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166 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL .MAGAZINE.
Lord Culpeper at his arrival in Virginia do signify his Maj.
high resentment thereof & inquire, with the assistance of the
Council who were the authors & abettors of this presumption.
3 pp.
(Colonial Entry Bk. No. 105. pp. 298-301.)
Whitehall, Feb. 10, 1678-9.
Minutes of a Committee of Trade and Plantations.
On Order of Council of 20 July last (which see) on petition of
Morris, Pryn & Conset; that his Maj. grant them double the
sum expended by them in extraordinary charges & their names
lodged in the Admiralty as deserving persons to serve his Maj.
Answer of Sir John Berry & Col. Moryson concerning the
present Council j in Virginia read. Names of persons to be pro-
posed as fit to sei"ve his Maj. in that tru^. Of Col. Francis
Willis & Col. Jos. Bridger their Lord?'* will make further in-
quir)^ concerning their ability and deserts. Col. Ballard, Col.
Philip Ludwell and Col. Bray to be excluded out of the Coun-
cil; Major Robt. Beverley Sc Col. Edward Hill "of evil fame &
behaviour " to be put out of all employment & declared unfit
to serve his ]\'Iaj. Consideration of Grievances from several
Counties; also of petition of Elizabeth Dudley, her tobacco or
the value thereof forced from pef by Sir Wm. Berkeley for her
husband's pardon, to be restored to her. Agreed that all in-
juries committed since 16 Jan^'. 1676-7 be redressed & for those
complaints of injuries done by Sir Wm. Berkeley or his order
during the Rebellion unto such as continued loyal, their Lord-
ships will take them into consideration as they shall offer ; & will
recommend the case of Wm. Carver for restitution of his estate
unto Lord Culpeper. 3 pp.
(Colonial Entry Bk. No. 105. pp. 304-7.)
(t) Biographical sketches of all these Councellors have been pub-
lished in former volumes of this magazine.
.SV(lSA.OAI<:
evi'
-XTf
(.T'H>i;
i' vu^i. VIRGINIA IN 1677. 167
Council Chamber, Feb. 10, 1678-9
Draft of Report from (the Lords of Trade and Plan-
tations) to the King. On petition of Elizabeth Dudley relict
of Wm. Dudley, senior, late of Middlesex County, Virginia,
complaining of the seizure of Sir Wm. Berkeley of fifteen hogs-
heads of tobacco for the Governor's clemency to her deceased
husband in giving him his pardon. That such seizure was in
dervgation of his Maj. pardon, signified by Proclamation of
20 Oct. 1676 and therefore restitution sh*^ be made of the said
tobacco by the executors of said Berkeley so that petitioner be
not deprived of the full benefit of his Maj. pardon.
Draft unsigned, full of con-ections. , m .
(Colonial Papers. 3 pp.) ■,
(To be Continued)
TM
\S
168 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
THE VIRGINIA FRONTIER IN HISTORY— 1778
,r ,, By David I. Bushnell, Jr. •■ ,
V. The Treaty of Fort Pitt.
On September 10, 1778, Col. Daniel Brodhead with the
Eighth Pennsylvania regiment reached Fort Pitt. The Vir-
ginia Commissioners, Andrew and Thomas Lewis, and the three
Delaware chiefs, White Eyes, Captain Pipe, and John Killbuck,
were awaiting the arrival of the troops, and two days later,
Sei:)tember 12, met in council. The fort had, ever since the
winter of 1753, been the most important of the frontier posts.
Erected by the French, though begun by the Virginians, it was
named DuQuesne after the Governor of New France. Before
the close of the French and Indian war it had been taken by the
British, '^'hen its name was changed, later it was occupied by
troops of the United States. Here, within the inclosure of the
historic post, gathered the commissioners of the newly formed
government, and the Chiefs of the Delawares from beyond the
Ohio, for the purpose of formulating a treaty of peace and friend-
ship.
Preserved among the miscellaneous papers of the Continental
Congress, in the Library of Congress, is a document of the
greatest interest: an account of the conferences which resulted
in the making and signing of the treaty on September 17. The
document is here given in full:
Fort Pitt, Sept. 12th. 1778.
In Council present
The Honourable Andrew Lewis Esqrs Commissioners
and the United States
Thomas Lewis
White Eyes
Pipe Chiefs of the Delawares
John Killbuck
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VIRGINIA FRONTIER IN HISTORY. '■''.?•'■• {QQ
The Honourable Brigadier General Macintosh, Coins. Brod-
head, (jibson, Bayard, Crambray; Majors Macintosh, Vernon,
Amberson, Honoured the Council with their prcsence(l).
l-Referring briefly to the commissioners, and others mentioned, in
this document. Thomas and Andrew Lewis of Virginia, (see notes 13
and 11 of the preceding article of this series).
White Eyes, or Koquethagechton was a friend of the whites, and did
much to encourage the Moravians in their work among his people. In
the spring of 1778 he was presented a silver medal "in the name of Con-
gress." He died of smallpox at Fort Pitt in November 1778.
Pipe, or Hopocan ('tobacco pipe') was an hereditary chief of the Wolf
division of the Delawares, and was war chief of the tribe. At the close
of the French and Indian war he settled with his people on the upper
reaches of the Muskingum river, in the present state of Ohio. He was
ever influential among his people, and never firm in his friendship for the
whites.
Killbuck, or Celelemend ('leader'), was born about 1722, and on the
death of White Eyes was chosen acting chief to serve during the minority
of the heredity head of the Turtle, or Unami division of the tribe. He
showed great friendship for the whites and joined the Moravian settle-
ment, being baptized William Henry. He died in January, 1811.
Gen. Lachlan Maclntosli (see note 3 in the second article of this series,
July 1915).
Col. Daniel Brodhead, was appointed in command of the Eighth Penn-
sylvania regiment March 12, 1777. On October 27, 1779, he was voted the
thanks of Congress "for executing (under direction of General Washing-
ton) the important expedition against the Mingo and Munsey Indians,
and the part of the Senecas on the Allegheny River." Died November
15, 1809.
John Gibson, Lieutenant Colonel Thirteenth Virginia regiment Nov-
ember 12, 1776; Colonel Sixth Virginia regiment October 25, 1777. Trans-
ferred to the Ninth Virginia September 14, 177S, and to the Seventh Vir-
ginia February 12, 1781. Retired January 1, 1783. Died April 10, 1822.
Stephen Bayard, appointed Major in Eighth Pennsylvania regiment
March 12, 1777. Wounded at Brandywine, September 11, 1777, and
transferred to the Third Pennsylvania January 1, 1783. Died September
13, 1S15.
Chevalier du Crambray, arrived in America with de Carmichael during
the month of June 1778. Later he was commander of the artillery in the
Department of the West. At the close of the war he was appointed
Major in the provincial troops.
Lachlan Macintosh, Jr., son of Gen. Macintosh, was appointed first
Lieutenant in the First Georgia regiment January 7, 1776. October of
the same year he was made Brigade-Inspector.
Frederick Vernon, appointed Major in Eighth Pennsylvania regiment
June 7, 1777, and was transferred to the Fourth Pennsylvania January
17, 1871.
William Amberson, of the Eighth Pennsylvania regiment, was wounded
at Brandywine, September 11, 1777. He served as aid-de-camp to Gen-
eral Lafayette in 1778 and 1779.
joacne^oy :»•-.> j iij no i'iioiHi9t .mi vj
170 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
The Commissioners addressed the Chiefs as follows:
Brothers.
The Chief and Wise men of the Delaware Nation.
The Wise men of the United States have sent us to offer you
their friendship. You are a Wise people, Listen to what we
have to say to you, and that it may sink deep into your hearts,
and that you may do so with more attention, we present you
with this String.
■ A String of White Wampum(2).
Brothers.
You know as well as we, that many Treaties that have been
held at this and at many other places, with the Six Nations,
and Western Indians in order to engage their friendship and
peaceable Conduct. These Treaties, however Solemnly En-
tered into, were no sooner Concluded, but the Indians or some
of them Began to Break the peace by Stealing from and Rob-
bing our people. Killing our Women and Children and Com-
mitting other Outrageous Acts against the faith of the said
Stipulations. You alone of all the Western Indian^(3) seem
incHned to hold fast the Chain of friendship and even in this
instance it has Contracted some Rust, of a very Dangerous
Nature. The paths between us are grown up with Bushes, so
that they can scarce be seen. They are Bloody, your and our
peoples Bones are scattered thro' the Woods, our people Stum-
ble over them. Black Heavy Clouds hang over our heads.
•2-True Wampum (the abbreviated form of the New England Algon-
quian term 7vam pumpeak), ' v^as made for the most part from the shells
of the Venus mercenaria. The beads made of this shell were of two
colors, white and purple, the latter often shading from violet to almost
black. The beads were cylindrical in form, averaging about J inch in
diameter and 3/^ inch in length. These were formed into bands resemb-
ling belts, often with ligures represented in the contrasting color; again
they were strung on a single cord. When used ceremonially white ex-
pressed peace, friendship, and the like, while the dark beads signified
war, hatred, or sorrow. The most famous of all Wampum belts is that
which was presented by the Delawares to William Penn in 1082. It is
interesting to see how important was wampum in the treaty with the
same people nearly a century later. (For an account of Wampum see the
article in Handbook of American Indians, Bulletin 30, Bureau of American
Ethnology.)
3-The term Western Indians was used in referring to those who lived
b ond the Ohio.
.11, .
TUr
>! jT Iti ho^M s-JiV/ K
VIRGINIA FRONTIER IN HISTORY. 171
Under these unhappy Circumstances we Bid you Welcome to
this Council fire; and to Convince you on our parts how de-
sirous we are of Removing these from you and transferring to
your and our Enemies, We present you with this Belt of Wam-
pimi, by which we open the path between us, once more, and
wash away the Blood that has been Spilt on it, we Bury the
scattered Bones of our Deceased Relations, and Dispel the Black
Clovids, and wipe the tears from your Eyes, we remove all sor-
row from your hearts, that joy and the Bright Sun of friendship
may shine on you with greater Lustre than ever.
A Road Belt of White Wampum, with a Road and the
Thirteen United States and Delaware Nation, De-
cyphered on each side with Black Wampum. ' '
Brothers.
We told you before that the United States has sent us to you
to Offer you their friendship, if you accept the offer, they will
Consider you as their own people; they will give you hold of
that Bright and Extensive Chain that Unites them to the Great
and Powerful King of France, by whose friendship and assist-
ance we hope in a little time to trample all our Enemies uiider
our feet. In Entering into Engagements with the United
States nothing will be Required of you but what will be for
mutual Good and Happiness, on sucli principles that if faith-
fully adliered to, will secure our future peace whilst the Sun or
the Earth endures. Influertced by such Motives that the United
States stretch out their hands to you — Consider well the offer.
It is of great Importance, not only to yourselves. But to your
Children and Grand Children. Take time and give your
Answer like wise men. We have laid our hearts open to you
without Reserve. We expect you will Act with the like Can-
dour and openess of hearts and that you may do so, we present
you with this Belt of Wampum.
A Belt of White Wampum with the Thirteen United
States and the Delaware Nation lying hold of the same
with their hands Decyphered in Black Wampum.
Brothers.
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172 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
You may Remember that in our letters sent to your Tovvns(-lj
(which we presume was the means of the pleasure we now have
in Conversing and Consulting with you) we told you that we
were Extremely anxious to have such an Opportunity in order
to Establish a Mode in the prosecution of the present Expedi-
tion against our Common Enemy, as would prove the more
Effectual in securing and protecting our wise and good friends
amongst you, from the hostile Attempts of those who wish the
Destruction of you as well as us. You cannot forget the many
threats that have been thrown out against you. We are happy
in the present prospect we have not only of Checking, But
Chastising our heartless Enemies. In order to Effect this
Valuable purpose, evidently Calculated for your immediate
protection, Genl. Mcintosh, who has the Interest and good of
your Nation much at heart, Cannot Reach your and our Enemy,
otherwise than by marching his Army thro' your Country, to
which (when we consider you as our friends and Allies we pre-
sume you can have no Objection, But on the Contrary that
you will give him the most evident proofs of your great attach-
ment to our Mutual Interest and that he will not have it to say
that he and his men stood in the Gap of Danger, covering your
heads without some of you Being Witnesses of his Exertions
in Establishing peace and tranquility in this seat of Tyranny,
Murder and Rapine(5). We Beg you take under your most
serious Consideration this very important matter, and that
you will in a friendly, open, and Candid manner, without the
least Tincture of Artifice or Disguise give us your Sentiments
and that as soon as you can make it Convenient.
A Belt of White Wampimi.
Capt. White Eyes, Rose up and made the following Answer.
Brothers.
I am greatly Rejoiced to hear what you have now told the
few of your Brethren which you now see come for that purpose.
4-George Clymer wrote from Fort Pitt March 7, 1778, and said in part:
"I shall of my own Authority send off a Messenger to the Delawares
tomorrow, to make known to them the friendly disposition of Congre.ss,
to comnnmicate the prosperous Situation of our Affairs, and to invite
their principal Men to Fort Pitt * * *." (Sec the preceding section of
this series.)
5-This refers to the British Post at Detroit.
,([ uox ^0
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•>i
VIRGINIA FRONTIER IN HISTORY. I73
You may Depend on it we shall Consider well what you have
said to us and return you an [answer] this Afternoon, as we see
you are desirous of proceeding on the Intended Expedition
which we hope will be the means of our living in peace.
■' , . ,
Sept. 13th. ., „ .
In Council.
Capt. White Eyes infonned the Commissioners that the
Arrival of Nimwha, a Shawnese Chief(G), Capt. Wingeund(7)
and some other Delawares, had prevented them from attending
yesterday Agreeable to promise, But that they were now
Ready, he then addressed the Commissioners in the followint^
Words: ^
Brothers.
We are greatly Rejoiced to hear the many good things you
have said to us; we return you our hearty thanl.-s that you have
Renewed and Strengthened the Chain of Friendship which our
Wise Forefathers made. We also return you our thanlvs that
you have taken pity on us and have wiped the Tears from our
Eyes, that you have set our hearts at Ease, After having in a
Brotherly manner Buried the Bones of our Deceased Relations
and Removed the Cause of our Grief. Brothers, you desired
us to consider well what had been said to us. We now inform
you we have done so, as far as we are Capable of judging. But
as you are wiser, we hope you will Consider well for us. By so
doing it v.-iU be for the Advantage of us Both.
A Belt of White Wampum.
Brothers.
It is Customary, when Brethren who Consult the Mutual
Interests of their young men, their Women and Children do
undertake anything, t hat Both should join in the work. Yes-
6-The name of Nimwha does not appear on any treaty, nor can it be
Srown-by'^anSES'am^^^ '^^" ' "^^^ '' ""^°^^^"^^ ^"^ -- P^^ably
J^^^.^b Wingenund, a War Chief of the Delawares, signed the treaty
of Fort Mcintosh, January 21, 1785, as VVingemmi. His name was also
attached to the treaty of Fort Harmar. Jam.fry 9. 17,S<), wEen it appetrs
as Wingenoud He was a fnend of Col. Crawford, and when this officer
was abou to be burned at the stake he called fur the chief, but the latter
was unable to obtam his release.
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174 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. |' '
terday you informed us You intended to Clear the path Be-
tween us and you. We now inform you that we join you most
heartily in the work and nothing shall be wanting on our parts.
But should our young men fail in their Attempts we desire you
not to Blame us. We have not Concealed any thing from you.
The Bad people who have stopped the path Between us shall see
us Both hand in hand Repairing it.
A Belt of Wliite Wampum, with a Road
Dccyphcred in it with Black Wampum.
Brothers.
Yesterday you desired us to take fast hold and join in the
Chain of Friendship, which you informed us was Strengthened
by the King of France having joined it. Brothers we now
inform lyou] that we and our Grand Children, the Sha\\Tiese(8)
of the Maquegea tribe who are Settled with us and Become the
same people, have taken fast hold of it, and are determined
never to part the hold, tho' we should loose our Lives. We
hope while we keep fast hold of it, our Young Men, our Women
and Children, will be happy. We have now spoke the Senti-
ments of our hearts, without Deceit.
A Belt of White Wamjjvmi.
The Commissioners then informed the Chiefs that they
would Frame the Articles of Confederation, and as soon as they
were Ready they would Acquaint them.
Capt. White Eyes then Addressed the Commissioners.
We now are become one people, the Enemy Indians as soon
as they hear it will strike us, we desire that our Brethren
would Build some place for our Old Men, Women and Children
to Remain in Safety whilst our Warriors go with you.
8-The Delaware referred to the other Algonquian tribes as Grand-
children, while the Delaware, "By virtue of admitted priority of politi-
cal rank and of occupying the central home territory, from which most
of the cognate tribes had diverged, they were accorded by all the Algon-
quian tribes the respectful title of 'grandfather,' a recognition accorded
by courtesy also by the Huron. The Nanticoke, Conoy, Shawnee, and
Mahican claimed close connection with the Delawares and preserved
the tradition of a common origin." (Handbook of American Indians,
Bulletin 30, Bureau of American Ethnology.) "Maquegea tribe" refers
to one of the five general divisions of the Shawnee, usually designated
Mequachake ('red earth.' — Hewitt). Their villages stood on the head-
waters of Mad river, in the present Logan county, (^hio, and were de-
stroyed by United States troops in 1791.
•Mil
<irii» ,'int»»>
VIRGINIA FRONTIER IN HISTORY. ]75
14th. Sept. . ■ '.
The Coir.missioners and Chiefs met, when the Articles of
Confederation and Union were Read and Explained to them
the Commissioners desired them to Consider them ^^'ell if any
thing was wanting which they might think of, they xxonld Add
It and that when they were Ready they would Return an
Answer.
15th. Sept.
The Badness of the Weather prevented a meeting.
16th.
The Com.missioners and Chiefs met in Council when Capt
White Eyes addressed the Commissioners.
Brothers.
We have Considered well every thing mentioned in the Con-
federation, we like them well and we are Ready to join you in
every thing therein mentioned. We now inform you that as
many of our Wamors as can possibly be spared shall join you
and go with you. We are at a loss to express our thoughts
But we hope soon to Convince you by our acts of the Sincerity
of our hearts. We desire you not to think any of our people
will have any Objection to your Marching thro' our Country
on the Contrary they will Rejoice to see )-ou. We are well
pleased to hear that part which Relates to our foolish young
Men. in future doing any Mischief to one another. We heartily
join in It. and shall fully Comply with it, and should our own
bons ofTcnd we shall secure them to be Dealt with Agreeable
to the Confederation. We now desire that our Young Men
may be made Acquainted with one another and that there may
be no Distinction between them.
A String of White Wampum.
Brothers :
You desired us in the speech which you made to us yesterday
that If we could think of any thing that might be for the Advan-
tage of Both of us. that we would mention it. We now Re-
quest that our Wise Brethren in Congress may be informed that
It IS our particular Request that Colo. Jno. Gibson may be
Appointed to have the Charge of all Matters Between you and
us. We esteem him as one of ourselves, he has always acted
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170 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
an honest part by us and we are Convinced he will make our
Common good his chief vStudy, and not tliink only how he may
Get Rich. We desire also that he may have the Charge and
take care of the Warriors of our people who may join you on
the present Expedition. When we were last in Philadelphia
our Wise Brethren in Congress ma}'- Remember we desired them
to send Schoolmasters to our Towns to instruct our Children
as we think it will be for our Mutual Interest, we Request it
may be Comjjlied with.
A Belt of White Wampum.
17th.
The Commissioners and Chiefs met in Council when the
Articles of Confederation and Union were again Read and
Interpreted, when they were then Asked if they approved of
them, to which they Returned for i\.nswer they did and were
now come to sign them. A Triplicate then of the Articles of
Confederation and Union was signed by the Commissioners
and the Chiefs in presence of the Subscribing Evidences, one of
which copies was kept by the Commissioners to be sent to the
Honble. the Congress, another given to the Chiefs, and a third
given to Genl. Mcintosh.
The Commissioners then informed the Chiefs that they had
a present, which was sent by the Honble. Congress to them as a
Testimony of their Regard for them(9) which they should
Deliver the next Day to them.
Brigadier General Macintosh informed the Chiefs that as the
Articles of Confederation and Union were now signed by the
Commissioners and them he intended to Celebrate the Hajjpy
Occassion with a Feu de joye. The Troops would parade for
that purpose and that he should speak to them.
12 O'clock A. M.
The Troops prepared on the Common near the Fort and two
Field pieces were drawn out on the Occ asion, the Genl. and the
9-Congress had, on June 4, "Resolved That the Committee of Com-
merce be directed to procure goods, and such other articles as are proper
for presents to the western Indian nations, to the amount of ten thousand
dollars, and transmit the same to Fort Pitt, to the commissioners, who
are to treat with the Indians there on the 23 day of July next." (See
preceding article of this series.)
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VIRGINIA FRONTIER IN HISTORY. 17?
Commissioners, and the Indian Chieft^ on the Green near the
Fort, when Capt. White Eyes addressed the General.
Brothers :
I acquainted you some time ago, that the Bad people at De-
troit had sent me a Tomhawk desiring me to Strike you with it.
As soon as I received it I immediately Acquainted you of it and
have Wrapped it up, so that none of my Young Men or my
Counsellors have seen it. I now have Brought it here and you
may make what use you please of it.
He then threw dowai on the Groimd the two Belts, the one a
plain one, the other painted Red with a Tomhawk Decyphered
on it(lO). Genl. Macintosh then took up the Belts and in-
fomied the Chiefs that he should use them against their Com-
mon enemy. The Genl. then Addressed the Chiefs as follows;
Brothers :
I dont love many words, or long and formal talks. We have
been too often Cheated by them. The time is now come that
Actions alone must declare who are our Friends and who are
our Enemies. I have told you already our Fathers the Wise
Men of the United States in the great Council Assembled in
Congress, have sent me here to protect those whom I tind, and
will Shew themselves our true and real Friends; and punish
those that are our Enemies. And I will not be put off, or de-
ceived by their Offers, or pretences when they see just Ven-
geance ready to overwhelm them for their wickedness, unless
they give Substantial Satisfaction and proofs uf their Repent-
ance. We have great patience with those Red Men who were
bought like Slaves with a few paultry Goods by the English to
strike us. Still wishing them to become wiser; and earnestly
desiring that as we grew from the same Ground, so we might
be one people, without Regarding Colour. You are a small
people. Not a handfull, We wanted to take care of you; and
Nurse you, as Women nurse their Children; until you become a
great people as we are. You know we are in Nmnber like the
10-It is quite probable the painted belt was sent by the British, to-
gether with a tomahawk. The white belt was added by the Delaware
Chiefs to show they did not accept the former; that they were the friends
of the Americans and repudiated the mission from tlieir enemies. The
reference to the tomahawk having been wrapped up, is purely tiguralivc
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178 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
stones upon the Ground. And grow every Day more and more.
You have heard we have beat the Enghsh every where, and al-
most killed and drove them all off of our land which they wanted
to take from us. That the French and Spaniards have now
joined us, and beat them on the great Water also, so that they
are in Danger of losing their own little Island. Therefore every
wise man among you will see as Clear as the sun Shines; that
! . the English cannot keep Detroit, Niagara, and other little
i places they hold upon the Great Lakes long, nor supply you
i long with Goods. What then will become of these foolish
I people who have made us their Enemies without Cause?
j Brothers and fellow Warriors of Cochocking(Il).
We are at last Angery. You know we have great Reason
to be so. I am going soon to your Country with my Waniors.
I find your few Towns alone among all the Red people have been
wise. Now is the Time to Shew it, by talcing up this Hatchet
like men determined to be free with us, against all our Enemies
and your Enemies. And this Belt to Confirm it, expecting
when I go over this River your Warriors will join me, that we
may grow great together, and be as one people (as you have de-
clared this Day) Whilst the Sun and Moon Shines or the Waters
Run. And I cannot answer for the Conduct of my Warriors
towards any who Refuse it.
[End of the Document.]
Attached to the preceding docuinent is a copy of the treaty,
which, as stated, was signed in triplicate, one copy being sent
to Congress, the second remaining with General Mcintosh, and
the third being taken by the Delaware cliiefs. It is quite
evident the copy in question has always been attached to the
document, this is shown by many stains which penetrate all the
pages. These were probably the papers sent to Congress, and
mentioned in the Journal of Congress, October 6, 1778, as fol-
lows :
"A letter, of 24 September, from Andrew Lewis and
Thomas Lewis, Esqrs, commissioners at Fort Pitt, was
read, together with their proceedings at a treaty held with
11-Coshocton, on the site of the present Coshocton, Coshocton county,
Ohio, was the most important settlement of tlie Turtle tribe of the Dela-
wares. It was destroyed by the whites in 1781.
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.avtrsAD -T!
VIRGINIA FRONTIER IN HISTORY. 179
chiefs of the Delaware nation, and an agreement or con-
federation entered into between them and the said chiefs."
The signatures of the two commissioners, and of the witnesses,
likewise the marks of the three Delaware chiefs, as they appear
on the copy of the treaty now in the Library of Congress, are
shown in the accompanying plate (12). Another copy of the
treaty, probably the one retained by General Mcintosh, is now
preserved in the State Department, Washington. The copy in
the Library of Congress is written on both sides of several
sheets of paper, but the State Department copy is on one side of
large sheets which were joined together so as to present a single
surface for the writing. Attached to this copy are the signa-
tures of Joseph L. Finley and John Finley, both captains in the
Eighth Pemisylvania regiment who signed as witnesses. Their
names do not appear on the Library of Congress copy. The
text of the treaty has been given in several official publications,
and will not be quoted here.
12-The majority of the names have been included in note 1 of this
article, the others may be referred to here:
William Crawford was appointed Lieutenant Colonel of the Fifth Vir-
ginia regiment February 13, 1776. Colonel of the Seventh Virginia
regiment, August 14, 1776. Resigned March 22, 1777. Later he served
on the western frontier and commanded an expedition against the In-
dians. He was captured, and burned at the stake, in the present Wyan-
dotte county, Ohio, June 11, 1782. (see note 7 above.)
John Campbell, probably the second lieutenant in the Pennsylvania
Militia, who was killed in action with the Indians west of the Ohio, June
4, 1782.
John Stephenson, an influential citizen of western Pennsylvania.
Alexander Graham, appointed ensign in the Fifth Pennsylvania Bat-
talion, August 9, 1776. Second lieutenant in Eighth Pennsylvania regi-
ment, July 13, 1777.
Benjamin Mills, First lieutenant Eighth North Carolina regiment,
November 28, 1776, Resigned July 12, 1777. Recorded in the Journal
of Congress, June 27, 1778, is the recommendation of the Board of War,
to Congress, that Benjamin Mills, Lieutenant of the first troop, be
granted a commission "in the Corps of North Carolina Light Dragoons,"
to date from July 16, 1777. The following reference to North Carolina
troops at Fort Pitt, appearing in the Journal of Congress, December 5,
1778, is of interest in this connection: "The Board of War being applied
to by Captain Medici of the North Carolina dragoons, for direction for
his future government, beg leave to state the case of the said troops:
"That from an impracticability to provide for them, they have be-n
hitherto unemployed in the held, except about forty, who were lately
compleatly fitted out and sent to Brigadier MTnlosh under Captain
Ashe, in expectation that the men whose terms of service were near ex-
piring, would agree to stay two months beyond their time; but on or ^oon
after their arrival at Fort Pitt, their times being expired, all but 14
(|uitted the service and went home."
180 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
TITHABLES OF PITTSYLVANIA COUNTY, 1767.
(Contributed by Mrs. N. E. Clement, Chatham, Va.)
. I , . (Continued from p. 304.)
Tithes Land
Capt. John Wards (17) Tithes 17
John Cleveland, Thos. Hardy, Peter Lee,
Harry, Jack, Abram, Bess, Tom, Ben,
Nant, Jack, Dick, Matt, Tom, John,
Thomas & Nant 17
John Nichols l IQO
Samuel Smith, Jack, Tom, Will, Hannah, &
Bess, 6 150
Edward Policy, Jr., l
John Adams, John Adams, Jr., 2 894
Allan Adams...... l 200
Charles Beasley, l
William Pigg, 1 200
(17.) John Ward came to Pittsylvania from Albemarle about 1763.
(Book of Surveys, Pittsylvania Records). He built his home on the
north side of Staunton River, now Campbell, which he called the "Man-
sion," for its elegance in those pioneer days. It is standing to-day, a
quaint old homestead, with its corner fire places and cabinets either side
the mantel. There are three stories and the third story was the ball
room, covering the entire house, and here the daughters of the house
,vere married. John Ward married 1st Anne Chiles, daughter of Henry
Chiles of Amelia (Va. Mag. Hist. Vol. 20), by this marriage there was
issue:
1. William Ward, married Mildred Adams, daughter of Robert Adams
and Penelope Lynch.
2. Agatha Ward, married Col. Jolin Calloway.
3. Anne Ward, married Christopher Lynch, son of Major Chas. Lynch
and Sarah Clark Lyncla.
4. Thomas Ward married Mildred Walden.
5. Jeremiah Ward moved to Texas.
6. John Ward, settled "Sulphur Springs" home.
7. Henry Ward, born Ap. 5, 1751, died Ap. 12, 1823 (taken from tomb
at the "Mansion.") Married Martha Barbour.
John Ward married secondly Mrs Sarah Clark Lynch, widow of Major
Charles Lynch, Dec. 17, 17GG (Bedford County Records).
During the Revolutionary War, John Ward was appointed Major of
the Bedforil Militia. His will is recorded in Campbell County, 1S17.
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TITHABLES OF PITTSYLVANIA COUNTY, 1767 181
A List of Tithables Taken by John Hanley (18), Gent for year
1767.
Tithes Land
William Hinton, 2
John Panill,...- - 1
John Condaman, . 1
Wm. Huntsman,...- _ -. 1
James Lyon, _ 4 200
John Bollin,.. _ - 1
Wm. Bollin, 1
Wm. Stevens, 3
James Anderson, 1
Daniel Wells, 2
Joshua Bewclett, - 2
Jac. McPais (?)..._ 1
Abraham Brend, _ 1
William Brend, _ 1
Beni Sanders, 1
John Hall,.... 1
Nathan Bewclett, 3
Daniel Con,. 1
John McGown, 4
Bedford Jinkins, _ 1
Eliphes Shalton, _ 2
George Cowton, 4
Shelton _.._ 2
George Carrail, (?) 1
John Williams, — - 1
Ralph Shelton, Sen., 4 200
John Hanby,... 4
A List of Tythables Taken July 17, 1767 by Peter Copland (19)
Gent
John Kendricks,— _ 1
James Roberts, _ 1
(18.) John Hanbey was one of the first Justices of the Peace for
Pittsylvania County, and lived in that portion which later was known
as Patrick County. In 1775, was appointed Captain of the Militia.
(19.) Peter Copland, one of the tirst Justices of Peace for Pittsyl-
vania, and lived in that portion C)f the county which later became Henry.
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VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
Tithes. Land
Dauzwell Rogers, _
Thorn. Nunn,
Rich White,.
John Rowland, John Palfery, Jack & Pegg,.
Capt. WilHam Blevins, Dawl & Peter,..
Daniel Newman Jun,
Dennis Bryan,
Thomas Wright, __
John Rice,.
Neel Roberts, _
James Wallen,
Charles Scaggs
Edw'i Callaham,..
Do. Baker,
Harry Dillen, _
Wm. Young......
Wm. Baily Jun, _
Rich. Baker,
Little William Blevins,
Frederick D. 0. Daniel......
William Bailey, Sen^
Wm. Ashart,
David Shadwell & Bob,
John Handy,....
Jacob Cooger & son Henry,
James Filley,
Wm. Reed,
David Hailey,
Robt McVatta.....
Wm. McVatta
John Barker
Jeremiah Claimck, Jun
John Newman...
Kave Bailey..
Thomas Cooper, Sen...
Wm. Reeding
Thomas Shanam & David Cazey
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TITHABLES OF PITTSYLVANIA COUNTY, 1767 183
Tithes Land
Jessey Bound & Pompey 2
Enguim Nunn 1
Joseph Nunn & Nan 2
Thomas Gazaway _ 1
Joseph Wallen _ 1
EHsha Wallen Sen"- 1
Thomas Cooper, Jr., Terence Daniel, negroes
George & Winney... 4 300
William Bass 1
Elisha Harbour... 1 150
Elijah Harbour & negro Hannah 2 310
Fosyth Bradberry 1
James Merrydeth 1 '■■
Barclay Merrydeth.... 1
William Merrydeth, Constable... 1
Thomas Webb 1
John Wells...... 1
William Thomas, John Davis, Benj Davis &
Charles Mitchell 4 ■■ '■
Waters Dunn, Waters Dunn, Jr., Rich*^ Dunn,
Rich*^ Bradberry, negroes Tom, MoU & Lilly 7
Peter Copland, Rich*^ Copland, Dan'l Mc- '
Bride & negro Hannah 4
Ambrose Jones, negroes Dinah & Judy 3
Thomas Cooper, jr 1
Philip Ryan 1 ' .
John Talbot 1 765
James Calk 1
John Cox, Sr., John Cox, Jr., Neg^ Lucy.. 3
Nemian Prater, Nemiah Prater 2 .
Charles Semple 1
Matthew Small ._ 1
99
The above List of Tithables taken by me.
.^ -- Peter Copeland.
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Tithes Land
A List of Tithables & Land taken by Gordon,
Pittyslvania County, 1767. ,
John Wimbsih, James IVIitchell, negro Cyrus,
Orange, Sail, Pegg, in all _ 6 G27
John Martin, Joseph Cox._„ 2
William Candler, Arestripes Baghan, negro
Chester -..- 3
William Stanley, John Stanley, Wm. Stanley,
Jr- - - --- 3
William Pain - 1
Thomas Stone 1
John Stone, jun"" 1
James Stone. 1 100
Thomas Justice 1
Israel Justice. 1 300
Simeon Justice - 1
Samuel Gordon Tom
Archibald Gordon (20), negros Dick, Kildare,
Lucy, Sarah 5 (torn)
John Hickey (21) _ (torn)
A List of Tithables taken by Hamon Critz (22), Gent., for
the year 1767.
Thomas Walling _ 1 12^
(20.) Archibald Gordon, one of the first Justices of the Peace. Was
appointed Lieutenant of the Militia in 17G7. In 1774 was made Col. of
of the County. Elected Sheriff in 1771. "He was Scotch by birth,
and lived and died without marrying" (Va. Mag. Hist. Vol. 7).
(21.) John Hicky, very probably the Mr. Hikki mentioned in the
Moravian Diary, 1753. (Va. Mag. Hist. Vol. XIII). When passing
through what isnow Henry County, they say, "Mr. Hikki who lives half a
mile from here and keeps a store (which is nearest house at which we can
buy salt), came to us and showed himself very friendly. We had a
miserable road to his house. Here we bought some provisions." In
the earliest records of the county we find mention of "Hicky 's old
road. ' ' It traverses the county from Staunton River on the north straight
to the Court house, and then turns due west into Henry County, and this
same road is to-day called Hicky's road.
(22.) Hamon Critz, one of the first Justices of the County. He lived
in that part of the county later known as Patrick. At a meeting of^the
Vestry of Camden Parish at Pittsylvania Courthouse, July 22, 1709,
"a chappel of ease" was ordered to be built near Captain Hainan Crites
of a size 20 by 24 feet, Round loggs for the body, a claplxjard Roof and
Benches, & etc."
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TITHABLES OF PITTSYLVANIA COUNTY, 1767 185
Tithes Land
William Hays._ 2
Cillis Ratlift 1
Arch'l Hughes 1
Geo. Allan
Henry France
David Gowing._ 3 272
Nicholas Langford. 2
James Fee 1
Geo. Poor. 2
Rob* Crump, Jun''
Rob* Crump, Sen"'
Frederick Fulkerson
Alex'' Deputy
Adam Loving (23) 2
William Loving 1
Joseph Cameron.... 1 400
John Pluk 3
Zacheriah Cook 1
Thos. Harbour 4 790
David Witt 1
Paletiah Shelton... 1 144
Geo. Gibson 1
John Wildrich Bender..... 402
John Parr 2 400
William Denson 1
William Tirpin _ 1
Geo. Gray _ 1
William Harrald __ 1
John Jinings.. 1
Peter Rentfro 2
John Koger 1
John France 3
John Camron 1
(23.) Adam Loving is mentioned in the Moravian Diaries, 1753.
They were passing through what is now Henry County and write" we drove
four miles further and ate dinner at Adam Loving's plantation. They
were very friendly to us. The man showed us the ford aeross the first
brancli of Mayo River." (Va. Mag. Hist. Vol. 13.)
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186 ,, VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
Tithes Land
David Lyler 1
Miles Jinings 2 185
Lambath Dodson 1
Phillip Buzzard 1 ;. .
Thorn. MuiTy_ 1 ., •
Solomon Smith..... 1
John Spain.. 1
John Gooch 1
James Pritchard 2
Haman Critz 2 200
A List of Tithables taken for Pittsylvania in 1767 by John
Dix (24).
John Armstrong Annica. 2 210
Thomas Ayers 1
Daniel Ayers... 1
Moses Ayers..... 1
John Bynum 1 200
Arthur Bynum.. 1
Lawrence Barker 1
William Barker.. 1
Edward Burges. 1
John Bynam Jr 1
Moses Cornelius _ 1
Thomas Colley _ 1
William Cornelius 1
William Colley 1
John Chipman, Constable 1
James Collie 1
Thomas Dudley 1
Henry Dixon, Jas. Durough, Jas. Borough 3
John Dix, Ephraim Dismunkes, James Evalto,
Will, Joe, Minkes, Ben, Lett, Old Janney &
Janney and 1 chair, deduct 2 tithes being
ferrymen 10 307
(24.) John Dix, established a ferry across Dan River in 17G0, wliich
was used constantly in Southern Campaign of Revolution (see Pitts
Records). Was one of the first Justices of tlie County. Appointed
Captain of the Militia in 1775.
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TITHABLES OF PITTSYLVANIA COUNTY, 1767 187
Tithes Land
William Durrett, Peter 2
Edward Floyde -— 180
Lewis Green, William Green.... 2 100
John Hamilton - 100
Samuel Harris (25), Bob. Honeyball, York,
Pompey, Janney, Sally, Lucy 8 757
James Hogan, William Hogan 2 100
John Hensley - 1
Thomas Pistole - 1
Samuel Pruett - - --- 1 590
Hugh Mahone -- - - - 1 165
John McClane' - - 1
Thomas Merriwether, William Meriwether,
Jason Bowcock, Paul, Frank, Southsea
Betty, Nann, Hannah, Nann, Nedd, Sue,
Judy, Creshea, Joe, Paul, Jacob, Gate,
Peter & Judy... - 20 545
William McDaniel, Tom, Dick, Daniel,
Lovoney, Milley, Liddy & Janney 9 960
Daniel Ober 1
William Owen -- - 1 100
John Roberts, Jas. Roberts & Jas. Roberts, Jr.... 3 383
Gabriel Richards - 1 200
David Ross... - - 640
Geo. Southerland - 2 175
John Southerland - - 1
Jacob Stillwell -- 1
Philip Southerland 1 ,
(25.) Samuel Harris was a pioneer Baptist Minister of Virginia.
He was also an early settler of this county, having many surveys made
Ap. 2, 1748. An old book entitled "Pioneer Baptist Preachers of Vir-
ginia" says of him that "he was born 1724. in Hanover County. When
young he moved to the County of Pittsylvania. As he advanced ui age
he became a favorite of the people. He was appointed church warden,
sheriff, a justice of the peace, burgess for the county, Colonel of the
Militia, Captain of Mayo Fort, and Commissary for the Fort and Army.
On one of his visits to the fort in his official character he called at the
home of William and Joseph Murphy, dressed in his uniform ♦ * * *
Was converted and was baptized in 1758 by the Reverend Daniel Marshall
During the war when it was extremely difficult to procure salt, kept
two wagons running to Petersburg to bring up salt for his neighbors."
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188 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
Tithes Land
John Stamps '^
Timothy Stamps 1
James Terry 3065
William Travis..._ _ 1
William Thomas, Arthur & Janny 3 1005
William Tredvvell 1
William Wynne, Prince, Peter, Nedd, Cale &
Judy - 6 400
Thomas Wyrme & Lucy 2 165
Robert Wright _ - 1
William Wynne, jr., Saunders Southerland &
Prince - 3 500
John Worsham & Sirus. - 2
Joshua Worsham, Will, Frank, Abram, Lucy,
Judy & Pegg - 7 300
Robert Wynne 1
Thomas Wynne, jr - 1 400
John Wheler -- 1
Signed John Dix.
List of Tithables taken by Peter Perkins (26) for the year 1767.
White Blacks Acres Wheels
George Chadwell Land....._ 125 ac
Dutton Lain tith. Land 1 83 ac
David Terrill Land..._ 275
Edward Sweeton (?) tithe 1
John Morton tithe, land .- 1 450
James Burn ett tithe - 1
(26.) Peter Perkins was the son of Constant Perkins and owned a
large plantation "Oak Hill," in southern part of the county, on Dan
River. He took an active part in the life of the county, being one of the
first Justices of the Peace. Was a Vestryman, member of the County
Committee of Safety. & in 1775, appointed Captain of the Militia. Com-
manded a Pittsylvania Company of Minute Men in Cherokee Expedition
of 177(3. By the close of the Revolution, had been jjromoted to Colonel
and commanded a regiment m battle of Guilford (Pittsylvania Pension
Papers). In the spring of 1781, a Continental Hospital was established
at his home for three months, as the Book of Claims, for Pitlsylvania
shows.
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TITHABLES OF PITTSYLVANIA COUNTY, 1667
189
While Black Acres Wheels
Davie Fields tithe
George Russell Land
George Young, 1 negro woman, 1 Land . .
Christopher Bowlin, son William
Joseph Bowlin, 1 tithe.
James Bowlin, 1 tithe
Ephram McGoff
George Thompson
Richard Churchwell, tithe.--
John Rich tithe
Conoway, 1 tithe.
Archibald Thompson
Rodden Thompson
Randolph Gipson, tithe, negro Bomber.
Land
Thomas Calaway, sons Charles and
Richard's land
John Court & soninlaw Jas. Coursey
Peterson
John Frederick Richel, 1 tithe Land
William Rice Sadler
Patrick Stiel, 1 tithe
Thomas Smith, son Thomas, Land
Edward Smith, negro Will, Land..
John Fulton, 1 tithe Land
John Smith, negro Dinah Land _
Henry Lansford, negro Judy, Land—
Ralph Elkins Jun -
Richard Elkins, 1 tithe
Nathaniel Elkins, son Jessey
John Rukey, son Jarhes.
Thom. Gresham
Christopher Bowling Jun
Jolin Gresham son of Phil Gresham.
Edward Perogog, tithe
James Elkin on leather wood
Samuel Shields, Land
1
180
1 1 520
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1 100
3 100
2 - .
190
400
1 150
300
1 355
1 377
130
681 T
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190
VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
White Black Acres Wheels
John Gresham son of Thorn Gresham
Jesse Elkins, 1 tithe
John Cox
John Givins
William Shields...
George Button.....
Henry Burnett
Thorn. Cunningham Jun
James Shields, 1 tithe, Land
James Strong
B en j amine Croley, negro Peter, Land
Thomas Strong _
Charles Cloke, tithe.—.
Benjamine Croly, 1 tithe land
John Strong, Joseph Martin.....
Jeremiah Walker, negro
Joseph Cunningham 1 tithe land
Joseph Morton, 1 tithe, negro Dinah
Land
Abraham Passley 1 tithe
Martain Dunkin
John Scags
James Edwards 1 tithe land
Thom. Bullock
Richard Bullock
John Lankford 1 tithe Land.....
Joseph Cotton
James Presnall son James, negro Jane
George Hide 1 tithe
Owen Wait
Joel Certain 1 tithe
Shadrack Turner sons John & Josiah...„
Thomas Watson, 1 tithe land
John Watson Jun, Land
James Gravely Jun'r
John Watson, sen tithe & Land
John Warring
210
1 48
210
100
1
370
1 400
90
360
256
100
220
104
.«»n.
ois
Sk 1
0J£
001
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TITHABLES OF PITTSYLVANIA COUNTY, 1767
191
Whites Blacks Acres Wheels
Thorn. Gravely
James Gamer 1 tithe
Thomas Garner 1 tithe
Thomas Horgeth tithes
John Morton tithes Negroes dogery &
seftis.-
Arthur Fuller
Daniel Hankins negroes frank, Nan &
patt and Land..
Nicholas Perkins 1 tithe negro moll _...
Joseph Harris
David Harris
John Harris Constable
Benjamine Neal Constable
John Roach i tithe
John Oaks
John Rice
Henry Dunlop
John Gwin....
John Sams
William Bean & son Wm. Land..
John Harcliman son Thomas Land
Constant Perkins negro Jacob
John Chadvvell negro Farmer & Tiller,
Land
Zacheriah McCubbins
John Been Jun.
John Jones, 1 tithe Land
John Join Land
Wm. Edwards son Thom. Land
Robt Pcrriman
Thomas Billings
WilUam Murphy
Thom. Edwards, negro Andrew Land
William McCubbin
Henry Rice Land
Nathan Carter
3 1780
1
1083
100
1
2 748
200
525
293
1 91
200
IQl
08T1 «
I
8801
001
8i'Y i:
oos
oos
A yi
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192
VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
A List of Land & Tithes taken by Hugh Innes (27) for
Pittsylvania County Anno. Dom. 1767.
Tithes
1
Land
400
400
200
536
130
Samuel Collins.—
Rowland Judd & Nathaniel Judd
James Keith
Charles Atkinman
Morris Atkinson _
Abner Cochrvmi _.
John Law John Law jr. negroes Jeany & Keat
Henry Atkinson jr ._
Thomas Hall
William Hall & Lansford Hall
Jesse Hall...
William Hall jr _
William Hill
Isom Hall..
Thomas Dunkin Jr
Thomas Jones
Thomas Anderson & James Anderson
William Griffith
Joseph Clements, Gabriel Clements & Var-
diman Clements
Francis Easom & Wm Hungett, John Hungett
& Chas. Hungett.
Christopher Shot & Christopher Shot Jr
Benjamine Barten
John Ferguson & negro Dinah
John Savory Jr
William Bramby _.
Samuel Walker & negro Judd
William Davis
Joseph Bird
Reuben Kiefi
Ro bert Hill, vSwiniie ld Hill & Thomas Hill
(27.) Hugh Innes was a Justice of Peace, Vestryman & member of
County Committee of Safety. He, with John Donelson, represented
Pittsylvania in Convention of August 1774.
4
135
2
1
2
130
1
1
2
1
1
400
1
3
250
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NOTES AND QUERIES. ' 193
''■*■■' '"'• • '• ■■ ''■ ■ ' t",:i. ,':.,.■ ;
NOTES AND QUERIES.
(V. v
Captain Cuthbekt Harrison. ■
Cuthbert Harrison, who was Captain of Virginia Light Dragoons
the Revolution, is shown by the Virginia Revolutionary records not to be
of the family in which the name appears so often; but to be a Brunswick
Co. man. He was probably a descendant of William Harrison, an early
sheriff of Prince George Co.
The land bounty warrant is as follows: - '<,<'. ■ },:,:[
"No. GG60, 2000 acres; GG(J1, 2000 acres, . , .
In Council Nov. 20, 1824.
It is advised that Cuthbert Harrison be allowed Land bounty as a
Captain of Dragoons in the Continental Line for service during the War.
James Pleasants.
Two warrants for 2000 acres each, 6000 and 6661, issued on the 3d of
December 1824 to Cuthbert Harrison and delivered to S. H. Sanders,
attorney of Gabriel Harrison."
"Warrant 9SS3 additional land to the heirs of Cuthbert Harrison for
1 year, 6 months and 12 days, as Captain Continental Line."
"Exchange warrant 668, to Joel Hale, administrator de bonis non
with will anne.xed of Cuthbert Harrison, deceased. Captain of Dragoons,
Continental Line."
"Power of attorney from Gabriel Harrison, son and executor of the
estate of Cuthbert Harrison, deceased, of Brunswick Co., to S. H.
Sanders."
Certain Advantages of Book Lkarning. . ^
Why have there been three Randolphs governors of Virginia, and a
fourth acting governor for about a week? The explanation must be in
part that the Randolphs were well instructed in their youth, and it is of
interest to make certain who any of the teachers of the three governors
Randolph were, or for that matter who any of the teachers in their
fathers' families were.
The Dictionary of National Biography sub Sir John Leslie [1766-1832],
the celebrated physicist and mathematician, has the statement that
"the year 1789, Leslie spent in America as tutor to tAvo young Americans
eei .a
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^^^ VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
named Randolph. - In the eircumstances this is not at all precise But
who the two young Americans were is pretty clear by referenc to H '"
nas Men^o^rsofDr. Chalmers (New York. 1850) VoL I, p 4 5 ^^
tters are here quoted from the young Leslie to the yo^g Chalm rs
urri7^; T;,'"''r °:.'^^^°--J- ^^e one dated Edinburgh Fet
ruary 1788, and the other Richmond, Virginia, January 1789 Lesli^^
and Chalmers had been fellow students at St. Andrew's. In his fi
et ter Leshe says he is to sail for America in March, and is enthusias c
lA )" "T- '°""''''- "' ^""^^^^^ ^y^'"' '^ - -tizen of the worll-
ubt hbertas, ^b^ palnar The second letter runs-"My dear Tames Mv
At m> fir t arrival I was extremely struck with the peculiarities -^nd
had I written you at that time my letter would have been full of marks
The novelty is now over, and I am inclined to make cool reflectio^l I
must con ess that Virginia has fallen below my expectations re kon
Mr. Randolph s the best family, and Tuckahoe the best land AK re
pub lean notions are now completely sobered. If any person be d "
contented at home, let him be acquainted with other countries I am
afraid my schemes in America will not succeed " I eslio „• i ,
Edinburgh by February 5, 1790. ""' ^""'^ ^"
Hence it is very reasonable to affirm that Sir John Leslie was tutor for
parts of two years in the family of the Randolphs of "Tuckahoe And
n IS hkely that offer of the post was made by Thomas Mann Randolph
(later governor) when he was a student at Edinburgh in 17SS ^'''^°^^^'
rr-i TI7-,,- T^ ^, ^- J- Morrison.
Ri^dolph ™ fsOO r""'.r' '"^'^ '"^ ^'^ ^^""'^ °f David Meade
dolph tutors. J ' "' """''''' '"'"^"^ "^^" ^° the list of Ran-
AKDREVVs-On page 182 of the current volume of your Magazine in the
April number, there is a note in reference to Robert Andrews a one time
Professor in William & Mary College, in which it is statert'hatr mTr!
riea , and had issue, etc.
His wife's name was Elizabeth Ballard. The marriat/e i. rp^-n.^.^
in Norfolk County, date January 3, 1775. ^ ^'"^'^
B. L. Ancell.
• . Vangchow, China.
Notes on Roblnson Family, Eastern Shore.
The will of Elizabeth Robinson, of Shadwell in the parish of Steben
heath as Stepney, Middlesex, England, was dated Dec. 3 1067 and
proved June 29, 10G8 (recorded Accomac Co., Vol. 8. p. 66). She makes
bequests to her sons William. John and Benjamin Robinson, dL hte
ili'i
br
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.(1
NOTES AND QUERIES. 195
Ann Robinson, to grandson John Custis a red stone ring. Her daughter
Anna, executrix, and John and Alicia Custis proved the will (T. T.
Upshur stated that Major-General John Custis married, Alicia, daughter
of the testatrix. He did not marry Alicia until about 1657 and his eldest
son John was born in 1653, so there was a former wife).
It appears from the Accomac records (Vol. 15, Order Book 1710-16, p.
239) that Col. Tully Robinson heir-at-law of Benjamin Robinson, de-
ceased, whose widow was Elizabeth Robinson objected to the probate
of Benjamin Robinson's will because there were not three witnesses, and
in the will the decedant had willed him only a part of the land, while he
claimed to be entitled to all. The court decided that the part of the
will bequeathing the land was null and void; but ordered the will to be
probated March 20, 1715-16.
Col. Tully Robinson (born Oct. 31, 1658, died Nov. 30, 1723— tomb at
Onancock) made his will Nov. 21, 1723. It was proved August 8, 1724,
and includes bequests to his children Ann Robinson, Mary Robinson,
\Vm. Robinson, West Smith, Scarburgh Wise, Sarah Smith, Susan Mc-
Lanahan, Elizabeth wife of John Smith, grandson Wm. Robinson Smith,
youngest daughter Anna Robinson to be under her mother's care. I tern ;
"I give my daughter Scarburgh Wise six of my best silver spoons and the
oval table in the hall." Wife Sarah executrix. She qualified (Vol.
1715-29, pp. 7,8. (Sarah Robinson was the daughter of Lt. Col. John and
Matilda (Scarburgh) West).
Col. Tully Robinson was son of William Robinson.
Claiborne.
Letitia White Clark, daughter of Howson Clark of Pittsylvania County
was born Nov. 11, 1800, and married Dec. 5, 1818, Col. Leonard Clai-
borne of Danville, Va. and had i.ssue: 1. William, married Miss Haden.
He was a colonel in the Confederate army (Issue: Letitia, Richard,
William, Ella and John); 2. James, died of yellow fever in Galveston; 3.
David Augustine, married Elvira, daughter of Col.Wm. Clark, of Halifax
Co. (and had issue); 4. Mary Jane, married Sterling Edmunds, of Halifax
Co. (Issue: Lilly, Ethel, and Sterling); 5. John Ferdinand, of Danville,
Va., married Jane Augustine, daughter of Samuel Stone, and died Nov.
25, 1856, no issue; 6. Letitia, married John Smith; 7. Bettie, married Dr.
John Drury; 8. Thomas, Colonel C. S. A.; badly wounded in the leg and
died after amputation; 9. Grandy, served in C. S. A., married Miss Pal-
mer of Richmond, Va.; 10. Langston, married Miss Hairston, of Henry
Co., Va.; living in Winston, N. C; 11. Ellen, married Col. Carrington of
Louisville, Ky.; 12. Letitia White Clark, died in Danville, Va., May 12,
18GS.
Ji
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1.1
l;'7
196 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
., Wyatt.
Edmond Wyatt buys land of Morgan Jones, Westmoreland Co., Sept.
22, 1G73. This land Edmond Wyatt devises to his sons James and
William Wyatt and their heirs by his last will and testament in writing.
"James and William Wyatt of the Parish of Copely, in the county of
Westmoreland, planters of the one part," sell to Thomas Browning, two
hundred and six acres in the forest of Nominy, Feb. 23, 1707. Court
Certilicate on deed states "and Eliz. Moon wife of John Moon, and moth-
er of said Wyatts voluntarily relinquishes her right of dower" etc.
James Wyatt's inventory returned to Court in Westmoreland in 1734
by Kathrine his widow and adm'r.
William Wyatt died 1727 or 8, in Westmoreland. His wife Martha
was appointed adm'r. Wanted to know the connection between Edmond
Wyatt of Westmoreland and his sons William and James, and other early
Wyatts in Virginia. The records indicate that the descendants of the
above later lived in Stafford and Prince William. Correspondence
solicited by incjuirer who has much data about Wyatts.
. - : .- ,,, Mrs. A. E. W.,
• . , • 81 Peachtree Circle,
' ',. ' • ' '■ Atlanta, Ga.
BoLLiNG Hall, Bradford, England.
The people of England and of the United States are now interested in
the alliance of two families of North of England Stock — (See an article
in "the Yorkshire Observer Budget" published Oct. 30th, 1915, in Brad-
ford) thcCity has lately received a Deed of Boiling Hall the time honr'd
home of the Boilings & have employed the most skillful Architects to
restore & prepare it for use as an Historical Museum, they have torn
out partitions of brick-masonry-lath & plaster-removed paint of Oak
Panell, exposed & restored fine carved oak beams, old fire places &
their fixtures-the old ghost room, ancient furnishings, The old Norman
Tower of the time Scott writes of in "Ivanhoe," Elizabethian additions
& masonry up to the present time will undoubtedly be of great interest
to English & American people — Virginians particularly. After the
Boilings left for Virginia — & probably the Washingtons & others
left about the same time for they in those days had peculiar troubles &
cares, old feudal days passing away a new Era beginning as now — it was a
beautiful country well timbered which was cut down and & did service in
ships of war as Steel does today, after coal was found on the estate, then
iron. Then John Sturges founded the Bowling Iron Co. & the toughest
iron on earth was manufactured. Then James Watt perfected his con-
densing steam engine & the Bowling Iron Company constructed them
J-.'"
.avfisAOAX JA':>iii
h
rmrti i/*i.>inJ8no'j '<n/;(;ai»».J noii ;|n(iwo« '»nr sS tni^nit nn
NOTES AND QUERIES. ' 197
before he got his patent papers properly made out, he charged them with
piracy £2000., settled it. There has been no improoveinent to those en-
gines since except governers & Corlis valves. Tlie oldest steam boilers
in the world were there a few years ago. The Corlis Turbine is our
modern engine. The first two railroads were started to run coal & iron
from mines to foundry and coal to Bradford. Fixed engine and wire
cable was the motive power. The first locomotive tyres were manufac-
tured there and at Low Moor. Big guns for forts & navy in 1857.
Those guns were on fortress at Quebec, at entrance to Mersey, Liverpool
and at forts all over the globe, & the iron was in the sugar kettles of
Jamaica & Cuba, &'c. The second Naysmith steam vertical hammer.
& Joshua Pollard & John Burch & my father had a struggle with
Henry Bessmer as to who had the best right to manufacture steel. Mj'
father was an employe of the Bowling Iron Co. for 20 years & over. I
was born on that estate in 183G. I still am interested in the history of
the Boilings and would like to know more of their Virginia Estates and
their experiences. There are two president Harrisons from that stock
& two Mayor Harrisons of Chicago & the former mentioned Virginia
lady destined to be the first lady of our land. I think it is our duty to
try to bring about peace & good will all over the English speaking
world & Historical Societies are going to take a hand in it. I hope I
as one individual may be able to give & receive instruction.
Yours Sincerely
\Vm. L. Hill
November IGth, 1915. Central City, Iowa.
Edw.\rd Washington. , , • ^
Information is desired concerning the ancestry of Edward Washington
of Fairfax County. His will is on record at Fairfax C. H., as is that of
his son Edward. In the will of the second Edward he refers to his son
John. Both wills are printed in Welles "History of the Washington
Family." In the expense account his name is given as John A. Minnie
Washington, daughter of the last named, married William Alder, Jan.
25, 1865, and is still living. John Augustine Washington was fifteen years
of age when his guardian was appointed. Welles states that the first Ed-
ward was born in 1745. The Pohick Parish register shows that in 1737
Edward Washington was collector of levies. Later, in 17G5, he was a
vestryman of Pohick. Lund Washington, who wrote an account of his
own Washington family, says that he saw Edward Washington Sr., then
a very old man in 1788; but that they could trace no relationship.
C. J.
tf». Il-T^ I', f
iiwol . J .Blfll .rilfil iydms>vu>l
iii'Jgdii'
198 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. I '>' I
IiNDiAN Medal.
In XXIII, 197, I inserted a query in the "Virginia magazine of history
and biography" regarding a Virginia Indian medal now in possession of
the Bangor Historical Society, and apparently unknown to Virginia
historians and antiquarians.
This brought a reply from Mr. E. E. Wright of New Orleans who
called our attention to certain authorities where this medal is described:
"American journal of numismatics" April, 18G8 (vol. II, pages 110-111)
and same periodical April 1873 (vol. VII, pages 89-90), and "American
colonial history illustrated by contemporary medals" by C. W. Betts,
page 261-262.
In each of these citations allusion is made to another Indian medal,
evidently struck by New York in 1764; the reverse of each and the loop
for attaching at top, being practically identical. This latter medal is
also described on page 79 of vol. I of "Historical and statistical informa-
tion respecting the history, condition and prospects of the Indian tribes,"
by H. R. Schoolcraft (illustration in Plate 20).
No information is forthcoming in regard to the origin or history of the
medal. It would seem that some peace or treaty by Virginia with the
Indians was commemorated by it. Mr. Howland Wood of the American
Numismatic Society of New York writes usthat it is one of a number of
medals given to Indians in colonial times, regarding which ne.xt to noth-
ing is known.
Chas. A. Flagg
Bangor Public Library
, Bangor, Maine.
Notes from the Records of Sussex County.
Will of James Mason, dated Jan. 1784, proved March 1784. Legatees:
•wife Rebecca, sons John and George, daughter Jane Mason, Beth Hays
150 acres, William Adams 50 acres, Thomas Jones, sons John, Edmund
and Robert, father and mother still alive, "aged parents" John and
Elizabeth Mason, brothers William and John Mason.
Will of Elizabeth Wager, dated Sept. 1784, proved Dec. 1784. Lega-
tees: Rebecca Clack, Mary Mooring eldest daughter of Henry Smith,
Elizabeth Judkins daughter of George Cryer, Mary Smith daughter of
Samuel Magot, Nicholas Cryer, Rebecca daughter of William Waller,
Sally daughter of John Barnes, Elizabeth daughter of Ann Ross, Ben-
jamin Chapman, Samuel Cryer.
Will of Nathaniel (X) Harrison (in a low state of health), dated Feb.
17, 1782, proved May 26, 1785. Legatees: son Miles, wife Dolly, sons
Hubbard and William Batt. Peterson and brother Richard Harrison,
executors.
MA vlA'j;
tn /._ , ■';
.YTKooD xaaeuS jo adMO'jaJi hht
.iioiuvjiift
NOTES AND QUERIES. 199
Will of Mary Wynne, dated Dec. 1780, proved Oct. 1787. Legatees:
son Robert Powell, grandson, son of Edward Powell, deceased; grand-
daughter Mary wife of James Lee, grandson Isaac son of Thomas Collier,
granddaughter Tabitha Tuell Powell daughter of Edward Powell,
daughter iMary wife of Robert Powell, son John Powell, &c.
Will of Jacob (X) Lanier, dated Sept. 1788, proved Nov. 178S, Legatees:
brothers Thomas and Benjamin Lanier.
Will of William Batte, dated March 1789, proved April 1789. Legatees :
■wife, sons William, James, Lewis, and Alexander Watson Batte, daughter
Sarah Parham Batte, daughter Mary Batte, daughter Elizabeth Parham
Batte, daughter Frances Beverley Batte.
Will of Lewis Batte, dated June 1789, proved March 1790. Legatees:
Brother James Batte, mother Sarah Batte, sister Sarah Batte, sisters
Mary, Elizabeth Parham and Frances Beverley Batte, brother Alex-
ander W. Batte.
Will of Edward Goodrich, Sr., 1790, daughter Sarah Thornton, &c.
Will of Robert Rives, Sr., proved May 24, 1792.
Will of John Mason, dated April 1793, proved Aug. 1793. Legatees:
brother Edmunds Mason, all his slaves, uncle William Harrison, brother-
in-law Isaac [?] Maclin.
Will of James Maclin, proved Dec. 1794.
Notes from Goochland County Records.
Deed Oct. 8, 1734, from John Carter of Goochland to Thomas Carter,
of same, conveying 200 acres.
Will of John Peter Bondurant, dated Spt.e 21, 1734, proved Jan. 21,
1734 (5), son John, land where said John lives, sons Peter and Josej)h,
daughter Ann Ford, wife Ann. ,,
Deed March 18, 1734, to Thomas Ballew of Goochland.
Inventory of Joseph Watkins, deceased, March 1, 1734.
Deed from Arthur Hopkins of Goochland and Elizabeth his wife, May
16, 1735, to Charles Lewis, of Goochland, gent.
Deed, May 19, 1735, from John Cobb, of Goochland. Signed "John
Cobbs."
Deed from Thomas Carter to his son Edward, June 10, 1735.
Deed, June 17, 1735, from James Ncvill, of Goochland, to Michael
Thomas, conveying land patented by said Nevill in 1729.
Deed March 14, 1734, from Josias Payne to George Payne. Witnesses:
Robert Payne, George Payne, Jr., John Payne.
Deed June 10, 1735, from Thomas Carter and Susannah his wife.
Deed, 1735, from Henry Hudson of Henrico to his brother-in-law
Thomas Russell of Henrico.
QQi rem
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.TjJiaO c:*rnorfT vi hni,i[.-{x»oD lo TrjifiO n<\
I
id
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200 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
Deed, July 14, 1735, from Capt. James Holman of Goochland.
Inventory of estate of Judith Johns, dated July 15, 1735, 25 head of
cattle, &c., valued at £21. 10. 8.
Deed, Feb. 14, 1735, from John Woodson of Goochland to Stephen
Bedford, late of Gloucester Co., conveying 350 acres on James River and
Deep Creek.
Deed from John (X) Price and Hannah his wife of Henrico, conveying
800 acres in Goochland, April 5, 1736.
Deed from Richard Parker of Goochland, Nov. IS, 1735.
Deed (1735) from James Nevill of Goochland to James Daniel of
Middlesex, conveying land on the south side of Fluvanna River in Gooch-
land.
Payne Portraits.
In reference to my promise to furnish you, for publication, the descend-
ants of Archer Payne, of "New Market," Goochland, and his wife
Martha Dandridge [which will be printed later].
By the by, there are extant oil portraits of Archer Payne and his
wife and all of their children. They were painted by an artist, who was
said to have considerable talent as a painter, but it was hard to keep him
sober enough to do his work.
Archer Payne is depicted with one hand holding a sample of wheat
and the other resting on the handle of a plow.
His wife wears on her head what the ladies of the present day call a
"Crazy Jane." She has a waiter of peaches.
Their oldest son Archer (who died without issue & unmarried) has a
gun & dog & sc^uirrcl, which he has just killed.
Their oldest daughter Anne Spotswood (Mrs. Fleming) is dressed in
the fashion of the day and with a hooped skirt. She has a little dog.
Dorothea (Mrs. Edward Boiling) is quite beautiful in the picture.
She has a red bird perched on her finger and tied with a black cord.
Martha (Mrs. Strother) has a cat in her picture.
Jane — Mrs. Boiling and second Mrs. Ferguson — has a basket of fruit.
There is a large picture appearing — my grandfather dressed in the
fashion of the day — a boy of some 10 or 12 who has been out with his 1 'ow
and arrow and shot a woodpecker which he hands to his little brother
(John Robert Dandridge Payne) who is dressed in his shirt only, while
a negro nurse dressed in homemade clothes, cut very simple & with a
necklace of blue beads around her neck, is watching the little boy as he
reaches for the bird.
Then there is another large jncture of two little girls with baskets of
roses and two lambs with them. One of these little girls was Catharine,
who married Archibald Boiling, and tlie other died young.
.b;m(
.eru
4
9).
.":.'f! *; yuA 01 r-i*;.! t c ^M 1 iuA is' tTioq >j rijs
ft ll«3 vub V
lii/Tl 10 lo:;
' NOTES AND QUERIES. /Kii 201
Only three of these portraits are in my possession, but I think it would
be easy to have them all photographed.
As for the descendants of Philip Payne and Elizabeth Dandridge, I
will try to get that done by one of their descendants who will fill out
more completely, what I have already.
Jno. M. Payne.
; G.^RDEN OF Prince Edward County.
In the year 1773 died the Reverend James Garden, minister of St.
Patrick's parish in Prince Edward County. From Mr. Garden's will
[Pr. Edward W. B. I., 156] it appears that he left a very good estate-
four plantations (in Charlotte and Cumberland covmties) and twenty-
five negroes. His wife was named Sarah, and by her he had five chil-
dren: Alexander, James, John, Ann and Sarah. In his will Mr. Garden
was careful to direct his executors "that they narrowly look into the
education of my sons." He further specified— "as to my library my will
is that none of my books be sold, but kept for a present to be given to that
son of mine who inclines to be a minister of the Church of England, to be
directed in his studies by the Reverend Mr. James Craig." Executors
named in the will were the Rev. Mr. Craig and Mr. Robert Lawson, a
few years later General Lawson of the Virginia line. Bishop Meade
[Vol. I, p. 484] mentions Mr. Craig, who 'united the practice of medicine
with the duties of the ministry; his glebe was larger and better than most
of those in the state and he was a better manager. He had a mill of his
own, which Tarleton, knowing Mr. Craig to be a true American, took in
his route and destroyed.' Mr. Craig was minister of Cumberland par-
ish, Lunenlmrg County, and perhaps served for a time at Cornwall parish,
Charlotte County.
So far as is known, none of Mr. Garden's sons became a minister. It
was perhaps his son Alexander who was long a physician in Charlotte
county. There was a bias towards medicine in the family, if the local
tradition was according to the fact— that James Garden, minister of St.
Patrick's, was a brother or near relation of the celebrated physician and
botanist Alexander Garden of Charleston in South Carolina, who, born
in Scotland, was a royalist during the Revolution, left the country for
England, and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.
A descendant of the Rev. Mr. Garden married into the family of Wood-
son of Prince Edward County, who were skilled in the management of
land and in the care of fruit trees and vines. The Spring Hill Nurseries,
under the direction first of Woodsons and then of Gardens, were pretty
well known in this region before the Civil War, and even after the war.
A. J. Morrison,
, , Prince Edward County.
lo
202 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
European Tr.\vi;i,lers in Virginia 1769-1802. *
From November 1908 to January 1909, the undersigned ran a series of
twelve articles in the Sunday Ti>iies-Dispatch, under the caption "Travels
in Virginia in Revolutionary Times." The books, some account of the
Virginia chapters of which was given, were those by John F. D. Smyth
[1769-1776]; Thomas Anburey [1778-1779]; the Marquis of Chastellux
[1782]; Dr. Johann David Schoepf [1783]; Count Luigi Castiglioni [1786];
Dr. Thomas Coke, the great missionary [1785-1791]; Captain F. M.
Bayard, late of the French army [1791]; Isaac Weld, a clever Irishman
[1796]; the Duke of La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt [1796]; John Davis of
Salisbury, a man of letters professionally [1801-1802].
It may be as well to file a note regarding a few other travellers in Vir-
ginia of this period: — The Abbe Robin (translation by Philip Freneau,
Philadeljjhia 1783) was with the French troops, and gives some particu-
lars of the road from Klaryland to YorktowTi — Dr. Thomas Cooper's
Sone Information Respecting America [Dublin 1794] contains at p. 95 fif, a
list of j)rices current at Norfolk recorded by the Rev. Mr. Toulmin.
[This list has been published in part, Magazine XVII, 95.] — Brissot de
Warville (2nd ed. London 1794], was at Alexandria and Mount Vernon —
Henry Wansey [Journal of an Excursion the Summer of 1794, Salisbury
1796] was at the Federal City— Francis Bailey [London 1856] was at
Norfolk in 1796, finding prices there already higher than those listed by
Dr. Cooper. Bailey, a very young man (later an eminent astronomer)
went from Norfolk to Baltimore by packet boat, and thence to the
Mississippi country — Volney in his Tableau du Climat et dti Sol des
Etats-Unis (Paris 1803), mentions that he was at Richmond, Vol. I, p. 7,
and at Stalmton, Vol. II, p. 384. From the nature of his work Volney
gives little of the anecdotal or parochial. His attempt to interpret
West Virginia literally gives nomenclature, like Ouarm-Sprigne [Warm
Spring], Agrine-Braiar, Chinando [a further variant of Shenandoah).
Why Volney should call Washington, "Gen. Ouachinton," it is difficult
to imagine. Perhaps it was because the administration, as he hints, was
severe with him.
Somebody who has the money to spend could amuse himself very much
to the purpose by making a collection of all these extremely interesting
books, and then have published a thick volume made up of the Virginia
items set down by these observers from abroad.
Hampden- Sidney, Va. A. J. Morrison.
The King Family.
Airs. Edward Feldhauscr (Goode King Feldhauser) of St. Paul, Minne-
sota, is compiling a genealogy of the King family in general. Space will
be given to the Clifton, Grymes, Nicholas and Wiles families.
.EV?U
?6W ,2tnirt9rf
'W
III
NOTES AND QUERIES. ■" 203
Robert King (son of Francis King who came to Virginia headrights of
Giles Brent 1653) married Elizabeth Brooke, daughter of Robert Brooke,
of Maryland. Robert King owned land in Stafford county 1608. He had
many sons, among whom were, Robert, William, George, Joseph, Ben-
jamin and John.
William King (Robert Francis) married Judith Peyton. Issue: four
daughters. Sons: 1. Thomas; 2. William Alfred, who married Sophia
Burgess and had: Valentine; George; William; John; Walter; Cyrus;
Josiah; Elias; Daniel; Anne and Judith.
William King (Alfred, William, Robert), married Elizabeth Edwards
in Stafford co. 1738. Issue: John; Valentine, b. 1739, who died in Nelson
CO. Ky leaving a will; 3. William, born Stafford co. 1745, who married
Letitia Bland. He was a distinguished man in Nelson co. Ky. and was
the founder of a notable line in Kentucky and Louisiana; 4. Withers, who
married Sarah ? in Stafford county, and died in Nelson co. Ky.
leaving a will, and left a long line of descendants, one of whom was Yelvcr-
ton Peyton King, bom Nelson co. 1794. 5. Nimrod, of whom nothing is
known save that he fought in the Revolution. Information much de-
sired regarding him. 6. Elizabeth who married an Owens. 7. Judith,
who probably married a Brent. 8. John Edwards King, b. 1757, of whom
so much has been written. He fought in the Revolution, was a general
at Battle of the Thames, 1812. Married Sarah Clifton, daughter of
Burdette Clifton.
There were several Yelverton Peyton Kings, all bom between years
1794 and 1797, in Kentucky, Virginia, Alabama. Information desired
from descendants of each. Address Goode King Feldhauser, The Aber-
deen Hotel, St. Paul, Minnesota.
NORVELL.
1. William Norvell of James City County, Va. died 22nd of Novem-
ber, 1802, in the 77th year of his age. (Poulsons Advertiser (Phila.) 8th
of Dec. 1802.)
2. Captain William Norvell, Sr., marries Anne, dau. of Col. Juhn
Wyatt. (Sketches and Recollections of Lynchburg.)
What relation were the above to each other; and can any one give in-
formation as to the names of the parents of either or both? The first
above was a Member of the House of Burgesses 1775-1776. The second
William Norvell was from the County of Amherst and President of the
Bank of Virginia in Lynchburg.
<?r<./i. .l<0 to .»Hb
;o
/J
bn« ifei-ifi.-.'/v lu //
.a
204 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
GENEALOGY.
' The Black well Family.
(By Miss Stella Pickett Hardy, Batesville, Ark.)
(Continued)
7-9. Davenport Lee Blackwell, b. 1874.
7-10. Eleanor Foote Blackwell, b. 1875.
7-11. Edith Sumpter Blackwell, b. 1876.
7-12. Karl Sigismund Blackwell, b. 1879.
6-4. Benjamin Blackwell, b. 1825.
6-5. Ann Eustace Blackwell, b. 1826.
6-6. Rebecca Blackwell, b. 1828; d. 1832.
6-7. George William Blackwell, b. 1831; d. 1833.
5-4. Agatha Blackwell, b. 1792; m. Major Enoch Jeffries, of Fauquier
Co., Va., and had issue.
5-5. Lucy Blackwell, b. 1793; d. 1879; m. 1809, Col. William Rowley
Smith, of Fauciuier Co., b. 1781; d. 1857; son of William & Elizabeth
(Doniphan) Smith; Col. Smith commanded a Co. of Cav. in War of
1812: Col. of Fauquier Militia, 1815; Member of Virginia Legislature
three terms; had issue 19 children.
5-6. William Blackwell, b. 1800; m. 1819, Anne Spark Gordon, daughter
of Churchill & Anne (Sparke) Gorgon, of Culpeper Co., Va., Issue.
6-1. Ann Eliza Blackwell, b. 1822; d. 1854; m. 1837, John Marshall,
b. 1811; d. 1854; son of Thomas & Margaret (Lewis) Marshall, of
Fauquier Co., Va., and had issue.
6-2. Joseph Eustace Blackwell, b. 1824; m. Amanda Hudson, and had
issue,
7-1. Joseph Eustace Blackwell.
7-2. Anne Eliza Blackwell.
6-3. James Gordon Blackwell, b. 1826.
6-4. Harriet Eustace Blackwell, b. 1828; m. Dr. Douglas Moxley,
and had issue.
6-5. Lucy Harrison Gordon Blackwell, b. 1830; m. Dr. John Daniel
Payne, and had issue.
6-6. William Sparkes Blackwell, C. S. A., of Prince William Co., Va.,
b. 1832; m. 1855, Julia Travers Nutt, b. 1836; daughter of Moncure
Conway & Anne Eustace (Smith) Nutt; and had issue,
7-1. William Moncure Blackwell.
7-2. Ann Conway Blackwell, m. Rev. Robert B. White.
'A yS)
nn?,r
AS
all' <>/ a iTfiioA .v>«
I .^
.♦J-0
GENEALOGY. 205
7-3. Churchill Gordon Blackwell, m. Lucy Douglas Moxley, daugh-
ter of Dr. Douglas & Harriet Eustace (Blackwell) Moxley, and
had issue.
7-4. Leroy Moncure Blackwell. ,.•.■, ■.;■:,
7-5. Richard Smith Blackwell.
6-7. Sarah Agnes Blackwell, m. Isham Keith, C. S. A., of Faucjuier
Co., Va., son of Isham & Juliet (Chilton) Keith, of Fauquier Co.,
Va., and had issue.
5-7. James Blackwell, of "The Meadows" Fauquier Co., Va., b. ISOo;
d. 1864; m. 1831, Elizabeth Carter, b. 1808; d. 1884; daughter of Moore
Fauntleroy & Judith Lee (Edmonds) Carter, Issue.
6-1. Joseph Hancock Blackwell, b. 1832; d. 1005; m. (first) 1856,
Roberta Edmond, b. 1837; d. 1884; (second) Mollie Saunders, and
had issue by 1st m.
7-1. Helen Madge Blackwell, b. 1858; m. 1879, Charles Perry, and
had issue 1. Vivian Perry; 2. Maud Perry; 3. Edna Perry; 4. Mamie
Perry; 5. Edith Perry; 6. Charles Perry; 7. Ernest Perry.
7-2. Edward Claxton Blackwell, b. 1863.
7-3. Josephine Moore Blackwell, b. 1865; m. William Garth, and
had issue 1. Robert Garth; 2. Mary Garth; 3. William Garth; 4.
Lewis Garth; 5. Woods Garth; 6. Hugh Garth; 7. Daisy Garth.
7-4. Ernest Evor Blackwell, b. 1868;
Issue by 2nd m.
7-5. William Carter Blackwell, b. 1885.
7-6. Paulina Carter Blackwell, b. 1887.
6-2. Moore Carter Blackwell, C. S. A., of Fauquier Co., Va., b. 1833;
living; m. 1854, Sarah Alexander Foote, b. 1831; daughter of Richard
H. & Frances (Grayson) Foote, of Fauquier Co., Va., Issue,
7-1. James Eustace Blackwell, b. 1855; m. (first) 1880, Lula McLean
(second) Eleanor Riggs; Issue b}' 1st m.
8-1. Wilmer Carter Blackwell, b. 1880.
8-2. Fannie Grayson Blackwell, b. 1882.
Issue by 2nd m.
8-3. Lewis Riggs Blackwell, b. 1S92.
7-2. Elizabeth Moore Blackwell, b. 1857; unm.,
7-3. Fanny Grayson Blackwell, b. 1858; m. 1882, Elias Edmonds
Blackwell, b. 1852; son of James DeRughter & Judith Emma (Ed-
monds) Blackwell. Issue
8-1. Estell Foote Blackwell, b. 1883; m. 1903, Brooks Johnson,
and had issue 1. Brooks Johnson, Jr., b. 1905; 2. Virginia Black-
well Johnson, b. 1908. , , ,.<!!•.. ■ •
8-1. Elizabeth Blackwell, b. 1885. ' '• ' ' •
7-4. Mary James Blackwell, b. 1861 ; m. 1885, Dr. Thomas W. Smith,
son of Anderson Doniphan & vSusan (Norman) Smith, and had
issue. • , • .,'
,zm\ «i .kv . oO
I r. , , -i
j-sr
^hnonth5'
206 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. '"
7-5. Edward Maurice Blackwell, M. D., Surgeon U. S. Navy, b.
1865; Volunteered his services to the U. S., at the beginning of the
Spanish American War; was appointed Assistant Surgeon U. S.
Navy, Apr. 25, 1898; served through the war in the West Indies,
on the U. S. S. Vulcan; promoted 1908 to Surgeon, with rank of
Lieut. -Commander; m. 1897, Mary Bowen; no issue.
7-6. Lucian Alexander Blackwell, b. 1-866; unm.
- 7-7. Richardetta Henry Blackwell, b. 1868; m. 1898; Willis Carter.
■ 7-8. Eva Ashton Blackwell, b. 1872.
7-9. Mildred Chancellor Blackwell, b. 1874; m. 1897, William Stan-
ley Himtlan, and had issue.
6-3. Elizabeth Carter Blackwell, b. 1837; m. 1858, Maj. Albert Galla-
tin Smith, C. S. A., son of Col. William Rowley & Lucy (Blackwell)
Smith, of Fauquier Co., Va., and had issue.
6-4. Agnes Ettstace Blackwell, b. 1840; m. (first) 1866, Isaac Eustace
Smith, C. S. A., b. 1837; d. 1874; son of Col. William Rowley & Lucy
(Blackwell) Smith, (second) 1887, Washington Tazewell Capps, of
Lambert Point, Va., and had issue.
6-5. Lucy Steptoe Blackwell, b. 1845; m. 1879, Alexander Fontain
Rose, b. 1843; and had issue.
6-6. Mary James Blackwell, b. 1847; d. 1860.
5-8. Elizabeth Blackwell, b. 1807; d. young.
5-9. Samuel Blackwell, b. 1809; d. young.
4-7. George Steptoe Blackwell, of Fauquier Co., Va., b. 1753; d. after
1787; m. unknown, and had issue,
(To be Concluded)
The Ancestors and Descendants of John Rolfe with Notes on some
Connected Families.
The Fleming Family.
(Continued)
10. Thomas^ Fleming; b. , d. 1777; was never married. Thomas
Fleming, resided in Goochland County, where he owned two plantations,
"Dover," and another on Little Lickinghole Creek. He was commis-
sioned a lieutenant in the Virginia Regulars, May 26, 1757, and for sev-
eral years served in the French and Indian War. In June 1759, when his
will was written, he describes himself as "Captain in the frontier battal-
lion of Virginia forces." In August 1758, he was included in a return,
as a captain in Byrd's regiment, then stationed at Fort Cumberland
{Campbell's History of Va., 500). There are also on record in the \'ir-
ginia Land Office, several bounty warrants to men who were privates in
his company, in one instance described as "Captain Thomas Fleming's
Company, first Virginia regiment," and in another, as in Byrd's regiment.
1o
■At'
i»Jiii b ;«8TI .d ..f'.V ..oO
a»
jr fi.': IK r.ju: '.JfOttuasi i:ir
JIHT
GENEALOGY. M^<•^^>N*'
207
Captain Fleming doubtless served to the end of the War, and then re
- turned to Goochland; where he served as high sheriff in 1769. Like all
, of h . family he took an active part in favor of American rights a^^ains
S^fetvln 1?75 7w ' "7.'7 V""' ^°°^^^^^ ^^^^^ Committee
Safety m 1775 (Wm. and Mary Quarterly, V, 254) At the first call to
arms he re-entered the military service, and in July 1775 was in comn Ind
of a company of rnmute men from his county, statlned at VVniiamsTurg
(Document m Rd. Standard). Has record as an officer in the French
and Indian War must have been a good one, for on January 12th i?76
.he Virgmia Convention elected him Colonel of the Ninth Virginil re.i
uTGj""'"f f f---."'-")- His commission was dated A^ch 2d'
177G iJo:^rnal of Comnnttee of Safety). He had been assigned to the
4 r^r t. '/''"""' '° '^ ^'^^^^"^^ °" ^^- Eastern Shore for on Feb
14 luiy, the Committee had ordered that Col. Fleming, of the Eastern
Shore regiment, be called into duty immediately. Col. Fleminflt
once repaired to his post, and remained in comnLd in that section
through the remainder of the year. A return of his regimen dated Mav
31st was laid before Congress June 19, and on June 21. tLt body d 'ec td
powder to be sent to Col Thos. Fleming's regiment on the Eastern Shore
ot Virgmia {Forces Arclnves) John Page, President of the Virginia Coun!
cil. m a letter dated July 12. 1776, states that shortly before! there hTd
been an uprising of Tones on the Eastern Shore of Alaryland, and that
Col. Thomas Fleming had marched with a force of 120 men and sup
pressed .t {Force) On Dec. 6th, Col. Fleming issued an orde that the
officers and men of the 9th regiment who were absent on leave sLZl
return at once, or join on the march to Philadelphia, the regiment being
ordered to reinforce General Washington {Force). A letter i^ the vfr-
U™9th v""'' '^''''^^^''^' J^""^^y 2d. 1777. says "This we k
the 9th Virgmia regiment, Col. Thomas Fleming, arrived in the city."
Col. Fleming died not long after this, but whether in action, or of dis-
.Ta T ^nT 'T'' ^" ''^ ^- '■ ^^^^ Department, n^r the V r-
ginia Land Office show. Most probably, however, it was the latter
On March 16. 1784^ the State of Virginia granted the rcpreenativ of
Thomas Fleming, Esq., 6666f acres of land for his services as a colone
m the Continental Line. These representatives, as appears by a cert
ficate of their uncle Wm. Fleming, were AL.ry, wife of Warner Lewis Esa
and ^isanna, wife of Addison Lewis, Esq., only surviving dau^'efs of
John F eming deceased, eldest brother of the said Col. Thomas Flemng
{Records of Va. Land Office). ^
The will of Thomas Fleming, "Captain in the frontier Battalion of
]Zn^% TT. V 'k' ^r '^'' ''''' ^"^ P^°-d - Goochland
PI '^ JL ^ ^'' ^'■°*^''' ^^^'''^'" ^^00' ^-"^t money; brother
Richard £150 current; brother Charles £150 current. Gave £100 in
nist o purchase slaves for his sister Mary Bernard, and £100 In tni t
for he same purpose, for his sister CaroUne Deans. Brother John
residuary legatee. Brothers John and William, executors
•JO ."^j.-.ty Hi luti'rf.
?ii«i .T"~r
^ifU'j'nvi .i!u.
208 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ''
11. Charles^ Fleming; b. — ; d. about 1793 (dateof will), never married.
At the beginning of the Revolution, Charles Fleming commanded a
company of minute men raised in Cumberland County. On Feb. 5, 1776,
the Committee of Safety of that county elected him captain of the com-
pany of regulars to be raised in the county, and he is stated to have been
at the time of this election, captain of a minute compemy {Journal of
Climb. Committee). On March 4th, 1775, a return of his company was
received by the general Committee of Safety, and he had leave to sus-
pend the march of his company one week after his return from William.s-
burg to Cumberland, to give him time to furnish them with arms and
necessaries; at the same time warrants were issued for the pay of himself
and company, described as of the 7th regiment, and it was directed that
commissions should be issued to him and his subalterns, to be dated
Feb. 29, 1776. A statement of his services from the records of the U. S.
War Department is as follows "It is shown by the records that Charles
Fleming served as a captain in the 7th Virginia regiment of foot, com-
manded by Colonel Alexander McClenahan, and also by Lieutenant
Colonel Holt Richeson, Revolutionary War. His name appears on the
rolls of that regiment from June 1777, to May 1778. He is also borne as a
captain on the rolls of the 3d and 7th V^irginia regiments, commanded
by Lieutenant Colonel Heth, for the months of July and August, 1778.
He is reported as having been comissmoned February 29, 1776.
It is also shown by the records that Charles Fleming served as lieuten-
ant-colonel of the 8th Virginia regiment, commanded by Colonel
James Wood. His name appears on the rolls of that regiment to Septem-
ber 1779. The records shown him commissioned lieutenant-colonel
June 28, 1778, and resigned December 15, 1778."
Heitman states that he was major 4th Va.; Lieutenant-Colonel 3d, Va.
2Sth June, 1778, and transferred to 8th. Va., 14th Sept., 1778.
After he retired from the regular army Colonel Fleming was frequently
in service with the Virignia militia. Several letters, which have been
printed in Vol. I, Calendar of Virginia State Papers, show something
in regard to this service.
The letters are as follows: ,
{ . . "Chas. Fleming to the Governor"
j . ' "Tuckahoe, Jan. 1st. 1781.
!■ Sir
; I left the enemies lines at Westham yesterday evening a little before
j sunset. Their proceedings there you are no doubt well acquainted with.
i There will be a very considerable Body of Militia will be collected be-
tween this & Westham, in the course of the day — It appears to be wish of
all parties, that Colo. Nicholas & my self shall take command of them
as field officers & as I am informed by Mr. Webb, it is your determina-
tion with the advice of Council that the Militia, on the present alarming
occasion, will be officered as before, with respect to the field officers —
.fAisADAU dkomor-' -'oaiv BOS
^V .bZ i
-Ti
... n«
^ -tifi
GENEALOGY. .; , , 209
I am ready and will at all times Sir, to render any and every service
to my Country in my power. As I have no commission of any sort, dont
doubt but you will think with me, that it is necessary I should have a
commission, or some writing under your signature for my taking com-
mand with propriety. 1 am. Sir, Yr: most obt. lible Servt"
"Quarters near Manakin-town Ferry, January 8th, 1781, Colo. Chas.
Fleming to Col: Davies, at Briton's Ferry— sending the Governor's
letter to Genl. Steuben, with a wagon load of Ammunition from the other
side to be forwarded by Col: Davies — has just sent a load to Richmond
also for Genl. Nelson — has with him two hundred and twenty men, arm-
ing by companies, who will march to Westham in due order as soon as
ready."
"Manchester January lOth, 17S1. '■
Col: Charles Fleming to Col: Davies —
'We arrived here last night, & in conseciuence of the want of house-
room for the men, they had a very disagreeable night, seven of them
taken sick. I shall proceed on my march as soon as they are got com-
fortably dried, and get their breakfast.' Is much in want of wagons
and Camp Kettles. Concludes 'the Governor lodged on this side last
night, whom I have seen. He informs me the enemy were yesterday
lying still at & about Colo. Harrison's Mills, that they surprised &
routed abt. 100 foot & 25 horse, at Charles City, the night before— he
hadn't heard what loss they sustained. There is a report that they
are intrenching, but by no means authentick. Col: Nicholas is at Mr.
James Cocke's at Malburn Hills with between 3 &• 400 men.' He is
informed there are forty-five Beeves at Richmond, and a large quantity
of flour in Mayo's Mills in Manchester."
"Col. Chas. Fleming to Gov: Jefferson
Camp, Holts Forge, January 17, 1781.
Sir
I am now with the Troops under my Command at this place by order
of Genl. Nelson. I have to inform your Excellency, that there is not a
fourth part of the Regt. supplied with Ammunition & as I am ordered by
the Genl: to join the Baron & begin my march early tomorrow, unless
ammunition is sent me, or ordered to follow me, I shall find myself in
rather an awkward situation. Your Excellency will no doubt consider
this matter & inform me by Mr. Bates, who I have (iis[)atche(l with this,
& who will join me on my march. The situation of the Regt. being com-
posed of Goochland & Hanover Militia, it may not be amiss to acquaint
you with. The numerous applications for leave of absence are not un-
common; but when I reflect that there is scarce a man left in those
Counties, that a considerable number have just returned from their
tour of duty & many have now substitutes in actual service, that not
• IBTI ,TJ Yin»a«( .«a"«o'^ zJlolJ
(oD
1.3
1
210 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
more than half having been first called out, the rest were hurried precipi-
tately from home, totally unprovided for a Campaign of any continuance,
I cannot think their complaints entirely groundless. Your Excellency
may rest assured I do my utmost endeavors to silence their murmers &
to impress them with a sence of the necessity of their continuing in ser-
vice, but still I can by no means continue a Stranger to their complaints.
Might I have liberty to observe on this occasion, it should be, that I fear
the Militia of these two Counties, will, on any future emergency, be with
infinite diflficulty drawn out, unless (as they wish for) those who did their
tour of duty in the last invasion, might be discharged, as soon as the
situation of aftairs will admit & from what I can gather in Wmsburg,
there are nearly Militia enough to oppose the Enemies designs, already
in service, and more expected from the back countries.
Your Excellency will consider if it may not be necessary to give them
some kind of promise this on head. Every exertion, in my power, shall be
used to quiet their minds, & I hope I may stand excused in making you
acquainted with these circumstances.
I have the honour to be with very great respect.
Your Excellency's mo. Obt. svt.,
Chas. Fleming
Lt Colo. Commdg."
<»
These letters were written during Arnold's invasion of Virginia.
From the words "officered as before," included in the first letter it is
probable that Col. Fleming held command in the large force of militia
called out to resist the attack made in 17S0. Too little is known in regard
to the 7000 militia under General Nelson, who were at Yorktown, to
speak positively; but there can be but little doubt that Chas. Fleming
also commanded a regiment there.
During the latter part of his life Col. Fleming lived at "Summerville,"
Chesterfield County, the home of his brother. Judge Wm. Fleming.
His will, dated Oct. 8, 1793, was recorded in Chesterfield. He gave his
real estate in Kentucky to his brother Wm. Fleming, and nephews John
and Richard Bernard, in tnist, for his creditors and to pay legacies.
This real estate consisted of 18,000 acres in the county of Mason on the
waters of the Ohio River; another of 20,000 acres, in the same county
and on the same waters, and another of 10,191 acres in the same county,
at the mouth of Glen's Creek, about four miles from Frankfort. Only
one half of these tracts of land belonged to him, however. Of his share
he gave one fifth to his nieces Mary and Susanna Lewis; two fifths to the
same trustees for his sister Mary Bernard and her children and the re-
maining two fifths to his brother Wm. Fleming.
(To be Continued) '
awiSAdA
(ft ot
n
GENEALOGY. • ' ' '■? 211
The Harrison Family of Nortiilrn Virginia.
' • (Continued) • ' ,/ > •
Corrections and Additions.
Mr. H. T. Harrison, author of "A Brief History of the First Harri.sons
of Virginia" states in reference to tlie review published in January, that
his book does not claim that the descendants of Cuthbcrt Harrison were
the first Harrisons in Virginia and that the reference to the parish reg-
ister and Chappawamsic does not refer to the English register but to that
of Dettingen parish in Virginia.
We are indebted to Dr. H. J. Berkeley, Baltimore, for the following
additional entries in the register of the parish of St. Margarets, West-
minster: Jany 11th 1607, baptised Cuthbert son of Cuthbert Harrison,
and Alexander Harrison son of Cuthbert and Susan Harrison was bap-
tized at St. Margarets, Westminster 1644.
The first entry evidently gives the birth of the father of Cuthbert who
came to Virginia, and the last gives the birth of a younger brother of the
emigrant, and also (probably) the Christian name of his mother.
Dr. Berkely also states that Susanna, daughter of Thos. Harrison, Jr.,
of Chappawamsic, married (1) Moses Linton, gent., of Prince William
Co. and (2) John Berkely.
A lady writing from Florida states that she has a copy of an old record,
written by a granddaughter of Burr Harrison (named in the following
extract), which states that "Thomas Harrison from England [an error,
of course] settled in Fauquier Co., Va., and had the following children:
1. Thomas, moved to Ky. "and Harrison Co. was named for him, and
Cynthiana, the county seat for his two daughters." He had one son
Benjamin and probably other sons; 2. Benjamin; 3. William, who was
killed by his negroes in Virginia; 4. Burr, bom 1738, died 1822 in Chester
District, S. C, served in the Revolution under General La Fayette, at
Yorktown; married Elizabeth Dargan, of Sumter District, S. C; 5.
Nancy, married Mr. Quartie (?) of Va.; 6. Molly married Mr. Gillison
of Va.; 7. Susan married Mr. Gibson of Va.; 8. , married Mr. Faulke
[Fowke] of Va. This account, though containing some errors as tonanies,
confirms the conjecture that Burr Harrison, of South Carolina, was a son
of 6. Thomas^ Harrison (XXIII, 332).
From another lady in the South, the following (derived from the War
Department) as to the Revolutionary service of Burr Harrison; served as
a corporal in Capt. Richard Lee's company and in Capt. Francis Mercer's
company, 3d Va. Regiment, commanded at various times by Col. Thomas
Marshall and Lt.-Col. William Heth. He enlisted Feb. 15, 177G and his
name appears last on June 11, 1778, and from the same source a list of the
children of Burr and Elizabeth (Dargan) Harrison; 1. Burr, nuirried
Nancy Hart, and lived in Columbia, S. C; 2. Mary married Benjamin
May; 3. Jonathan married Sally Tyler; 4. Kate nuirricd Samuel Johnson;
iM'/f 9(il ni
i'.V 10
212 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
5. Elizabeth died single; C. Rebecca married Nathaniel Cocknell; 7.
Susan married William Head; 8. Sophy married Christopher Thompson;
9. Dorean married (1st) James Runnell and (2) Hartwell Macon; 10.
Narcissa, married James Ragsdale; 11. Mordecai married Susan Alston;
12. Anne, Mr. McLelland, of Charleston, S. C.
Corrections: P. 1)S, 1. 8, for "Lion" read "Leon"; p. 99, 1. 19, for "Free-
man" read "Green"; p. 97, 2d 1. from bottom, Elizabeth Harrison niar-
ried Benjamin Bullitt. Benjamin Bullitt (son of Joseph and Elizabeth
Brandt Bullitt) was born April 28, 1G93 (see record of births, Charles Co.,
Md., Liber P, No. 1, folio 212, in the Land Office at Annapolis, Md.) and
instead of dying in 1757, died in 1760, as is shown by the fact that his will
(See Fauquier Co., Va. Will Book I, 108, and Minute Book 17G4-68, p.
227) was dated May 3, 17G6, and proved Oct. 27, 17GG. Hischildren by
Elizabeth Harrison were: Joseph, Capt. Thom.as, Cuthbcrt, Seth (who
married Combs) and Benjamin, killed in the French and Indian War.
Mrs. Elizabeth (Harrison) Bullitt died in 1742. We are indebted to Mr.
William M. Bullitt, of Louisville, for the correction.
39. Rev. Tho.mas** Hakkison (Thomas^), was born Oct. 2, 1750, and
died June 21, 1814. He was ordained by the Bishop of London, Aug. 24,
1774, and licensed for Trinity Parish, Maryland. He was minister of
Bloomfield Parish, Culpejjcr Co., and Dcttingen Parish, Prince William
Co., in Va., and was appointed a Justice of Prince William. He married
Dec. 9, 1775, Sarah (born July 26, 1754, died Dec. 16, 1842) daughter of
Cuthbert Harrison.
Issue: 87. Cuthbert''; 88. Thomas^; 89. Frances, born March 12, 1779,
married Philip Alexander; 90. Phiup-'; 91. Ann Barnes, bom Feb. S, 1783,
died single; 92. Sythia (or Seth?) born April 9, 1785, died unmarried; 93.
BuRR^; 94. James"; 95. John^; 9G. Walter^; 97. Elizabeth, born A])ril
8, 1797, married Lawrence Alexander; 98. Sarah, bom Jan. 23, 1799, died
Dec. 20, 1870, married March 7, 1S2G, Gabriel D. Freeman.
57. Matthew^ Harrison (Burr'^), bom Sept. 19, 1763; married Cath-
erine Elzey. Member of the House of Delegates for Loudoun Co., 1840-
47. For descendants see "A Brief History of the First Harrisons of
Virginia," by H. T. Harrison.
71. GusTAVUs*^ Harrison (Matthew^) married Elizabeth, daughter
of Col. A. B. Magruder, of Georgetown, D. C, and died in 184^, aged
57 years.
Issue: 99. George William^; 100. Gusta\ais7; 101. Frederick Lloyd^;
102. Colin^; 103. Eleanor^; 104. Ann Matilda^; 105. Virginia'.
72. William Alexander^ (Matthew^), born Aug. 29, 1795, of Clarks-
burg (now West Va.), represented Harrison County in the House of Dele-
gates 1835-37, U. S. District .Attorney for the Western District of Vir-
ginia 1829, and afterwards a judge. He married, Nov. 19, 1828, Anna
Mayberry.
Issue: 106. Frederick", died young; 107. Thomas W.*. married Mary
Robertson of New York; 108. Matthew Waite**, married Eliza Hoffman,
'I./ol.l A
GENEALOGY. 213
of Lewis County; 109. Charles Tyler^ 110. Wuliam Gustavus-- lU
Mayberry«; 112. Sus:in Ellen; 113. Elizabeth; 114. .Ann Rebeeea' ll.j.
Llewellyn Cuthbert^.
(To be Continued)
Taylor of South.\.mi'ton &c.
(Concluded)
6i).
Bennett" Taylor (John'*), inherited considerable property from
his lather and his brother Charles. There is on record in Southampton
a deed dated Feb. 1810, from Bennett Taylor to Robert Adams, convey-
mg 130 acres called Seacock on Seacock Svvamp, which was purchased hv
litheldred Taylor from Matthew Revell, and by him devised to Ethel-
dred Taylor his son, and also a deed May 20, 1811 from Bennett Taylor
to John C. Gray conveying 230 acres called Howells, which had been
devised by Etheldred Taylor the elder to his son Etheldred. Bennett
faylor was educated at Wm. & Mary College 1790-95. He removed
first to the neighborhood of Berryville and later to Jefferson County
where he lived at his seat "Avon Hill," when he died in 1816 He
married Susan Beverley, daughter of Governor Edmund Randolph
Issue: 4/. Charlotte Randolph, married Feb. 2, 1835, Moncure Robinson,
of Richmond, afterwards of Philadelphia; 48. John Qiarles Randolph^^
39. \\illiam5 Taylor (John"). Of him the compiler has no further
information except that, about 1810, he, with Angelina his wife, made a
deed in Southampton, conveying to Thomas Fitzhugh, 320 acres which
were allotted to said William at the division of the lands of John Taylor
deceased.
40. Henry^ Taylor (John"), of Southampton Co.; born died
1815. His will was dated Aug. 22, 1814, and proved Jan. 1815. Legatees-
wife Jane W. Taylor, for life, 7 negroes <S:c &c; provision for unborn child"
to nephew VVm. Taylor, one negro; to nephew Henry Taylor, one negro'
to nephew Drury Fitzhugh, two negroes. Friend Thomas Fitzhu-di'
executor. " '
There are probably many descendants of this family of whom the com-
piler IS not informed and any additions will be welcome.
48. John Charles Randolph^ Taylor (Bennett") of Albemarle
Cx.unty; died Jan. 0. 1875, married, in 183S, Martha Jefferson, daughter
of Thomas Jefferson Randolph, of "Edgehill," Albemarle County.
Issue: 49. Bennett^, born Jefferson Co., Va., 1836, educated at Univer-
sity of Virgmia. Captain Co. F 19th Va. Infantry C. S. A.; wounded at
Williamsburg and Gettysburg, at Johnsons Island until 1865, promoted
to Lt. Colonel; married Lucy daughter of Edward Colston (and had six
children); 50. Jane Randolph; 51. Susan Beverley, married John Black-
.f.^^.^ii, » ^i..iM„ii iiiiii'i .f.vui«f,"i t^vri
214 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
burn; 52. Rev. Jefferson Randolph", C. S. A., iirivate in Southall's Artil.
lery and Ordnance Sergeant in Jackson's Corps; 53. Margaret Randolph'
5-1. Charlotte, died in infancy; 55. Stephen Mason*^, C. S. A., private
Rockbridge Artillery 1SG4-5; 56. Cornelia Jefferson; 57. Edmond Ran-
dolph", married Julia, daughter of Edmund Pendleton Kennedy; 58. (and
had issue: a. John Paca'', born Jan. 31, 1S94; b. Elizabeth Gray, bom
June 10, 1S95; c. Edmond Randolph", bom Oct. 8, 1S45; d. Margaret Bev-
erley, bom Jan. 190S); 58. John Charles Randolph"; 59. Sidney W."; 60.
Moncure R<jbinson".
The Gorsuch and Lovelace Families.
(Continued)
Children of the Rev. John^ Gorsuch (Daniel-, William^) and his wife,
Anne (Lovelace).
1. Daniel GoRSUCH4(John^, Daniel^, William'). Born in 1628 or
1629, as he was "aged four years" in 1633. Recorded in the Visitation.
There is no reason to believe that he ever went to the Colonies. He
and all of his brothers and sisters were left an interest in sundry lease-
holds in Weston, Herts., by their grandfather, Daniel Gorsuch". He was
living in England in 1652, when he was made administrator of his mother's
estate, and in 1662 when he was made residuary legatee and e.xecutor
under the will of his grandmother, Alice Gorsuch. He was m.arried
some time prior to 1662, as his grandmother leaves a legacy to his daugh-
ter Ann. Nothing further is known in regard to him or his descendants.
2. John Gorsuch^ (John^, Daniel^, William'). Born about 1630.
Recorded in the Visitation. His grandfather, Daniel Gorsuch", leaves
to him individually certain freeholds in Weston. No later mention of
him has been found in the English or Colonial Records, nor is it known
whether he went to Virginia with his mother.
3. WiLLL^M Gorsuch* (John^, Daniel-', William'). Born in 1631 or
1632. Recorded in the Visitation. There is no reason to believe that he
was ever in Virginia. He was. doubtless the "Wm. Gorsuch of Weston
Herts, Gent., Bach'r. ab't. 25 [who married] Catherine Morgan of St.
Margaret's Westminster, Sp'r. ab't. 25; at Marybone, Middx. — 12 ' )i-t.
1660." (Marriage Licenses, Westminster & Vicar General — Harleian
Society Vol. 26, p. 53). His grandmother Alice Gorsuch in 1662 leaves a
legacy to John, the son of her grandson, William Gorsuch. Mr. Wm.
Onslow Times of Hitchin, England, in a recent letter to the writer (1913),
states that he is a descendant of this William Gorsuch, and adds "William
who did not leave England, and who died in 1608, left a son Daniel, wliose
daughter Christiana Gorsuch, married a Sheppard, and was the mother
of my great grandmother, Mrs. Lawrence Times." No attcmjJt has been
made to trace the descendants of William Gorsuch .
GENEALOGY. ;, ■'■.'■ ^^^
4. Katherine Goksuch'' (John'*, Daniel'-', William'). Rcconknl in
the Visitation. Baptised at V.alkern Nov. 20, 1033. She is one of the
4 brothers and sisters for whose transportation land was granteii to Theo.
Hone, Feb. 22, 1052, on the Rappahannock. She married, in Virginia, it
would appear from the above, William Whitby, a prominent citizen of
Warwick County. The earliest reference to William Whitby is an extract
from the lost W^arwick County records, showing that he was a justice in
1047. He was speaker of the House of Burgesses in 1053. From an order
of the Virginia Assembly dated December 1st, 1C5G in a suit decided in
her favor, it appears that Mrs. Whitby, who had been a widow at least
since October 9th, 1055, was apparently then living in Virginia (Va. Mag.
Vol. XVII, p. 129-130). As previously stated, the Lancaster Co. Court
was petitioned April 1st, 1057 by Richard, Robert and Charles Gorsuch to
appoint their sister, Katherine Whitby, v.-idd. guardian for their estate
in England (see ante p. 91). It therefore seems certain that she had re-
turned to England with her children or was just about to return. The
will of her grandmother, Alice (jorsuch, 1002, mentions "William and
Elizabeth Whittby, son and daughter of my granddr ughter ?.'atherine
Whittby," but leaves us uncertain as to whether Katherine, the mother,
was then living. In the letter already referred to from her uncle. Gov-
ernor Francis Lovelace of New York, to Governor Berkeley of Virginia,
dated December 0th, 1009, Lovelace informs Berkeley that "Mr. Thos.
Todd of Mockjack bay" has been appointed "Guardian of will Whitbey's
son by my niece Mrs. Kath. Gorsuch," that this lad which he (Lovelace)
has brought over [from England] is "the recitable child and heare to
Mr. Wiiitby," and that "he is now an orphant." The letter goes on to
request Berkeley to do what he can for the boy's interests (Va.. Mag.
Vol. XVII, p. 288-9.) As has been already explained an error occurred
in the text of this letter as previously published, due to a mistake of the
copyist in deciphering the name Kath: Gorsuch, making it read Ruth
Gorsuch, thus confusing the Gorsuch pedigree, until the error was dis-
covered (see ante pp. 90-1). Mr. Tho. Todd referred to by the writer
was Captain Thomas Todd of Mobjack bay, Gloucester Co., Va., and
later of Baltimore Co., Maryland, who had married Anna Gorsuch,"
sister of Katherine Whitby, and who was another niece of Lovelace.
After his return to Virginia, William Whitby^, Jr., son of William and
Katherine Whitby, lived on the Pyanketank River, Middlesex Co., Va.,
and died unmarried. An abstract of his will dated July 15, 1070, and
proved July 20th, 1077, has been previously published (Va. Mag. Vol.
XVII pp. 290-1). Among several legacies left by him is one of £200
"out of rent due me out of Kent, in England" to "my brother Joseph
Summers," and a bequest to Thomas Todd. He leaves £100 to Major
Robert Beverley, and £100 to Mrs. Mary Kibble [Kccblcl. He leaves
land on Moratico Creek to John Cocking and John Wright, and land on
Potomac Creek to be divided between Joseph Summers and Mrs. Mary
216 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
Kibljle. From this will it would appear that Elizabeth Whitijy, the
testator's sister, may have married Jose[)h Summers. The editor of
the Magazine writes me that it appears from the Middlesex reeords that
Major Robert Beverley married first Mary, the widow of George Keeble,
and that Mks. Mary KirtBLE may actually have been Miss Mary Keeble,
a step-daughter of Beverley. Beverley's second wife was the widow of
Theophilus Hone. It will be recalled that it was Theo:Hone who Feb.
22, 1652, received land on the Rappahannock for transporting Katherine
Gorsuch and three of her younger brothers and sisters to Virginia (see
ante p. 89.) Hone lived at Jamestown, and was a man of prominence in
Virginia. It is by no means improbable that the Gorsuches were in some
way related to Theophilus Hone or his wife.
5. Ro-^-EHT GoKsucH-* (John-\ Daniel'-^, William' ) . Baptised Nov. 19'
1635, at Walkern. His name does not appear with the names of his two
younger brothers and his two sisters brought to Virginia by Theo. Hone.
It seems possible that he, his brother Richard, his sister Anna and his
mother, may have come to Virginia at a somewhat earlier date. He
joined his brothers Richard^ and Charles^ April 1st, 1657, in petitioning
the Lancaster County Court for the appointment of a guardian for their
interests in Virginia and England. This seems strange as Robert"*, ac-
cording to the above date of baptism, was then of age. At the December
term of the same court, 1057, however, we find an order appointing Rob-
ert Gorsuch guardian for his brother Charles Gorsuch, then aged 14. (Va.
Mag. Vol. Ill, I). 85). We next hear of him in Maryland when July 2s,
1659, a tract of 500 A. called "Gorsuch" was surveyed for "Robert Gi;r-
such, of this province, planter" on the north side of the Patapsco River
"respecting" the land of Hugh Kensey (i. e., opposite a tract called Kcn-
sey, situated on the south side of the river, aljout nine miles from its
niouth, surveyed the same date), and the patent for the tract was issued
Feb. 13th, 1059-00 (Md. Patents Vol. IV, fol. 228 8c 322). This tract
"Gorsuch" was located at what is now known as Canton, its water front
including Gorsuch Point or Lazaretto Point, a district now occujned
by some of Baltimore's most important industrial and shipping ac-
tivities. The little that is known in regard to Robert Gorsuch and
his heirs is learned in tracing the subsecjuent history of this tract.
Robert Gor.such married either before or soon after his arrival on
th.e Patapsco. His wife's name is not known, but we learn from
the early archives that she was murdered by the Indians April 11th,
1661. At a meeting of the Council of Maryland held at Spesutia,
Baltimore Co., May 13th, 1661, to incjuire into the sundry murders
by Mincjua or Sinego Indians on the Gunpowder and Patapsco River.s,
the following testimony Was given by Robert Gorsuch: "that upon
the Uth of Aprill there came to his howse some Indians in blew anil
some in red Matchcoates whoe killed his wife and plundered his howse"
etc. (Arch. Md. Vol. Ill, \). 413). It would seem from the will of his
GENEALOGY. , ' 217
brother-in-law, Thomas Todd, dated Feb. 21.st, 1C75-G that Robert
Gorsuch had left the province and was then living in England — "I like-
wise bequeath to my saj'd wife one hundred seavcntie six poundes ster-
ling being in the hands of Robert Gorsedge and my parsell of land lying
on old England which the said Robert Gorsedge is now possessed of."
(Baltimore County Wills Vol. I, fol. 1.) In the light of the following
facts the statement previously made (ante p. 92), that Robert Gor-
such did not reappear in the colonies, must be cjualified.
The name of a Robert Gorsuch does not again appear in the Maryland
records until twenty-five years later. The list of taxables of Baltimore
County for 1695 does not reveal anyone bearing this name then living in
the county. The Baltimore County Rent Roll bearing the date 1700,
but probably compiled a year or two earlier, shows that the tract "Goi-
such," 500 A. surveyed July 2Sth, 1059, for Robt. Gorsuch, was then
"possessed by Charles Gorsuch, on behalf of sd. Robert" (Balto. Co.
Rent Roll 1700, Md. Hist. Soc. small unbound MSS). This would seem
to indicate that Charles Gorsuch* held the land and paid the quit rent
for his brother Roberf* who was not at the time resident in Maryland, or
for the latter's successor of the same name who was either absent or a
minor. About this time a Robert Gorsuch, either the original patentee
or his heir of the same name, reappears in Baltimore County, for July
11th, 1700, a special warrant for the resurvey of this tract is filed in the
Land Office which reads that "Robert Gorsuch of Baltimore County,
by his hum.ble petition — has set forth that he is seized in fee simple — of a
tract of land called Gorsuch, originally laid out for 500 A. the 2Sth day of
July, 1059." The petition recjuests a resurvey on the ground that there
is some confusion in regard to one of the bounds and also for the purpose
of adding certain adjacent vacant land (Md. Land Office Warrants Liber
A. fol. 230). Under date of Nov. 22nd, 1700, a certificate of resurvey of
the tract "Gorsuch" under the name "Rockford," 500 acres, was issued
(Land Ofiice— Unpatented Certificates Balto. Co. No. 1400). A new
patent for this resurvey was never issued, a caveat apparently having
been entered by Benjamin Tasker, agent of Lord Baltimore, to prevent
t!ie inclusion of the adjacent vacant land, and Robert Gorsuch continued
to hold the tract under the original patent of 1059-00. A somewhat
later Rent Roll, covering the period from about 1700 to 1720, shows that
the tract "Gorsuch [which had been] possessed by Charles Gorsuch on
Ijehalf of the said Roliert [was] now possessed by Robert Gorsuch him-
self" (Annapolis— Balto. Co. Rent Roll Vol. II, No. 2). Although re-
ferred to in the petition for resurvey dated 1700, as of Baltimore County,
the name of Robert Gorsuch does nut appear among the taxables of Balti-
more County in the lists from 1099 to 1705, which are supposed to include
the names of all males 10 years and over. In the year 1700 however
his name appears on the list of the taxables of the North-Sitle
Patapsco Hundred, bracketed with John Gorsuch and Jonathan Mur-
218 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL SOCIETY.
thorritt, which probably indicates that the three were then living
on the same plantation (Balto. Co. Taxables 1699-170(3: Aid. Hist. Soc.
MSS). Aug. 3, 1709, he appears as the principal creditor of Tobias
Stansburj' of Baltimore County (Test. Proc. 29: 40S). Nov. 1710
he was appointed by the Court surveyor of highways from Hurst's
Falls to Back River (Court Proc. I. S. No. B.: 1S3). The will of
Robert Gorsuch'* of Baltimore County dated June 25, 1714, was probated
June 14, 1720. To his son Daniel he leaves 5 shillings; to his son Robert
he leaves the "pl<T-ntation whereon I now dwell containing 500 acres
[tract "Gorsuch"[, to him and his heirs," as well as a fourth part of his
personal estate. To his daughter Dorothy he leaves certain live stock
to be delivered to her at 16 years of age or at marriage. To his wife
Johanna he leaves the remainder of his estate and appoints her executrix.
The witnesses are Nicholas Rogers, John Thomas and Jon Gay. When
the will was probated, the widow renounced her rights as executrix in
favor of "my near kinsman John Gorsuch" (Annapolis Wills; 16; 2S).
The inventory tiled by John Gorsuch, Sept. 12, 1720, was signed not only
by the appraisers, but by Thomas Gorsuch, Chas. Gorsuch and Elizabeth
Gorsuch (Annap. Inv. & Accts. 4; 177). An account filed by John Gor-
such Aug. 4, 1721, shows that the stock to be given Dorothy at 16 years
or marriage had already been transferred to her (Annap. Accts. 3: 502).
The final account was not filed until May 22, 1728 (Test. Proc. 28; 213).
Tlie widow Johanna Gorsuch died in 1728 and her estate was administered
upon May 22, 1728, by Wm. Green, with Thomas Broad and John Miller
his sureties. The inventory of her estate, appraised by John Willmot
and John Moore at £40-6-2, dated Aug. 1, 1728, gives Geo. Walker, as
creditor and adds "no other creditor, nor no relations to deceased."
Her administrator in filing his account Mar. 6, 1730, adds "the oqjhans
at age this summer" (Annap. Inv. & Accts. 11: 8). Robert Gorsuch the
son and heir to the tract "Gorsuch" died Mar. 19, 1733 (St. Paul's Church
Balto. Register). His estate was administered upon Aug. 2, 1733, by
John Gorsuch with Wm*. Rogers and John Ensor sureties (Test. Proc.
2<J: 298). Administration de bonis non upon the same estate was issued
Sept. 10, 1733, to Thomas Gorsuch of Baltimore County with Wm. Rogers
and John Edwards sureties (idem. 29: 307), indicating that John Gorsuch
in the interval had probably died. The inventory dated Aug. 1, 1733,
was signed by Charles Gorsuch as principal creditor and by Lovelace
Gorsuch as next of kin (Balto. Inv. 3: 180). x\t the June Court 1737,
Thomas Gorsuch, the administrator d. b. n. was released from giving
further security because "the representative of the sd. Robert is at full
age." (Balto. Co. Court Proc. 1736-8; 43). Aljout two months after
Robert Gorsuch's death, a deed dated May 25, 1733, was recorded from
John Gorsuch of Baltimore Co., planter, to Waller Dallas conveying the
tract ["Gorsuch,"] oOOacres, for £100 sterling (Annap. Prov. Court Deeds
P. L. no. 8; 161). May 28, 1733, Dalhis con\cys the same tract to Ecn-
.VI i
.rraiooa jAt»i*fOT«t' " ' i^J*'
GENEALOGY. 219
jamin Tasker, Charles Carroll, Daniel Dulany and others, later known
as the Baltimore Company (Balto. Co. Deeds I. S. no. L; 373). In this
latter deed it is recited that "Robert Gorsuch late of Baltimore County,
dec'd. planter, by his will — devised to his son Robert, his heir, all that
tract and plantation whereon he dwelt containing 500 acres and there-
after died — and that Robert, the devisee entered into possession and died
intestate and without issue, whereby the said land descended unto John
Gorsuch, the cousen and heir at law of Robert the devisee," and that
John Gorsuch then conveyed the land to Walter Dallas etc.
All the data bearing upon this line of Robert Gorsuch"* has been given,
because the evidence would seem to be susceptablc of at least three diff-
erent interpretations. Robert Gorsuch who appears in Baltimore County
about 1700 in possession of "Gorsuch" may have been: (1) Identical
with Robert*, bom 1635 and the patentee of 1659-GO; (2) The son of
Roberf*, the patentee; (3) A nephew of the patentee Robert'*, and a son of
Charles* of Baltimore County. If the first hypothesis is correct Robert
Gorsuch who was bom in 1635, living in Baltimore County in 1661, and
living in England in 1675, returned to Baltimore County Vvhen 65 years
old, became the father of a daughter Dorothy when between 65 and 70
years of age, was appointed a road surveyor at 75, and died in 1725 at 85,
leaving a widow and three children, at least one of whom was under 16,
and two other children who were probably older. While this is all per-
fectly possible, the dates and ages throw some doubt upon its probability.
The second hypothesis assumes that Robert, who appears in Baltimore
County about 1700, had inherited the tract "Gorsuch" from his father,
the patentee of 1659-60, and dying in 1720, left "Gorsuch" to his mm
Robert, the third of this name. Neither of these two theories are sup-
ported by the inheritance of the land by John Gorsuch^, "cousen and heir
at law" of the younger Robert, who died intestate and without issue in
1733. As a matter of fact Robert Gorsuch* the patentee of 1659-60 had
three brothers Richard* , Charles* , and Lovelace* , v.ho lived in Maryk.nd.
All three were dead before 1733. Richard*, who was older than Charles*,
is believed to have had male descendants then living on the Eastern
Shore of Maryland (see Richard Gorsuch*, post), liut John Gorsuch'^,
the eldest son of one of the younger brothers, Charles*, inherited "Gor-
such" as the heir at law. This fact weakens the theory that Roljert who
died in 1733 was of the direct line of Robert the patentee. Yet if "cousen"
is given its modern meaning, and the words of the deed are to be taken at
their face value, no other exjjlanation seems possible, and for some reason
the heirs of the elder brother Richard"* were passed over. The third hypo-
thesis that Robert who possessed "Gorsuch" in 1700 v. as a son of Charles*
is only tenable if we assume that "cousen" in the deed means nncle, a
sense in which it was occasionally used. Jolin Gorsuch^ who inlierited
from Roljert, the younger, as "cousen and heir at law," was unfjuestion-
ably the eldest son of Charles* . There is no reason wh v Charles'* ir.av not
9tS .YW>c»*^ '
f
1 1
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1 r
220 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL SOCIETY.
have also had a son Robert, although there is no jjroof of the faet (see
Charles Gorsuch'', post). If so the latter may have inherited "Gorsuch"
under a will of his uncle Robert'* proved in England or elsewhere. There is
no deed on record in Maryland from Robert*, the patentee, to his nephew
or to anyone else, but the property may have been conveyed to hirn in
some less formal way. Certainly Charles Gorsuch* held the land "in be-
half of "Robert for some years, which means that he paid the cjuit rent
for him. There was certainly a very intimate connection between this
Robert and the family of Charles'. He was living in 1706 with John^, the
eldest son of CharlesT This John Gorsuch^ acted as his executor, ^d
John's wife Elizabeth , together with John's two younger brothers Thomas"'
and Charles-'' Gorsuch signed his inventory, apparently as relations.
John^ and Thomas^ Gorsuch later appear successively as administrators
in 1733 of the younger Robert Gorsuch's estate. It is interesting to note
that a Lovelace Gorsuch signs the younger Robert's inventory as next of
kin. ThisLovelace cannot becertainly placed; it is possible that Charles
had a son of this name; or he may have been Lovelace'', son of that
Thomas^ (Charles*) who became administrator d. b. n. of Robert in 1733,
although a.t Thomas^ was not married until Aug. 19, 1714, his son could
not have been of full age Mar. 6, 1734-5.
While it seems impossible to draw any absolutely definite conclusion
from the above evidence as to the paternity of Robert Gorsuch who had
three children living in 1714 and who died in 1720, certain definite facts
are known in regard to his descendants. The maiden name of his wife
Johanna is not known. That her estate was administered upon by
William Green in 1728 and not by any of her husband's relations may have
some significance. The statement in her inventory that there were "no
relations," of course does not necessarily refer to any minor children she
may have left, or to her husband's relations. While Robert Gorsuch had
three children, Daniel, Robert and Dorothy, living in 1714, it is not cer-
tain that any or all of these were the children of his wife Johanna, but the
statement of her administrator in 1730 "the orphans of age this summer"
rather indicates that she was probably the mother of at least two of the
children, that the youngest child was then of age, and that at least one
of the three children was born nearly as late as 1710. Of the three
children of Robert, Daniel, who was cut off with 5 shillings, disappears
from the records and probably died, or he would doubtless have appeared
as the heir of his brother Robert to "Gorsuch." Robert, we knov,-, died
intestate and without issue, March 19, 1733. It seems unlikely that he
married. Of Dorothy, who was living in 1721, and who was then over
IG years old or married, as she in that year received her portion, noth-
ing further is dehnitely known. That she did not inherit "Gorsuch"
from her brother Robert in 1733 does not indicate that she was then dead,
as the land folluwed the male line. It seems quite possible that she may
have married and left issue, for it has been shown that in June, 1737, there
GENEALOGY. 221
is a Court entry by the administrator of the personal property of Robert
Gorsuch (died 1733) that the "representative of the said Robert had tlien
come to full age." Whether this representative was of the line of Dor-
othy or of the line of John Gorsuch^ (Charles'*), the "cinisen" who in-
herited tlie land and who appears to have died soon after, is at present
a matter of uncertainty (see Charles Gorsuch', post). It seems cjuite
jjossible, however, that Dorothy, who may have dieil jjrior to receiving
her share of her brother Robert's personal property, left a child who
came of age 1737, and then became entitled to receive it. It is also
just possible that Dorothy had a younger sister born after her father
made his will in 1714, although this would appear to conflict with the
statement of Johanna Gorsuch's administrator in 1730, that the orphans
were then of age.
(To l>e Continued)
Descendants or Akchek Payne of "New Market."
(Contributed by Juhn !M. Payne.)
Goochland County, Virginia, and his wife Martha daughter of Na-
thanial West Dandridgc and Dorathea daughter of Governor Alexander
Spotswood.
Mr. Payne was born in 1748 and married in 17G9. He was a son of
Colonel John Payne of "White Hall" who represented Goochland in
the House of Burgesses from 1752 to 17GS.
Their children, omitting those who died in infancy, were:
2 Annie Spotswood Payne, born April 19, 1772, married Thos. Mann
Fleming;
3 Martha Payne, born Nov. S, 1773, married Jeremiah Strother;
Archer Payne, born Nov. 20, 1775, died unmarried;
4 Durathea Dandridgc Payne, born July 10, 1777, married Edward
Boiling;
5 Jane Payne, married 1st Robert Boiling; 2nd James B. Ferguson;
(3 Alexander Spotswood, born Oct. 20, 17S0, married Charlotte Bryce;
7 Catherine Payne, married Archibald Boiling;
8 John Robert Dandridgc, married Susan Bryce.
2
Anne Spotswood Payne, married Thomas Mann Fleming, son of
Tarlton Fleming, and Mary Randolph of Tuckahoe.
They had:
Tarleton Fleming, who married Rebecca, daughter of Walter Coles of
Albemarle.
The issue of Tarleton & Rebecca Coles Fleming were:
I Thos. Mann Fleming, married Virginia Hobson— issue.
II Elizabeth Anne Fleming, married Capt. Wm. Wel)b, C. S. Navy —
issue;
liJi:
(It'jii dim*') "1 • {';
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222 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
III Sarah Eleanor Fleming married Jesse Heath — Issue;
IV William Randolph Fleming, married Mrs Lelia Wynn, widow of
Robert E. Wynn and daughter of Wm. II. Shields of Yorktown — issue.
Martha Payne, married Jeremiah Strother and they had:
I Dr Strother, married died in Monroe Co.:
II Martha Strother, died unmarried.
Note-
Mrs Martha Payne Strother died and her husband married 2nd, a
Miss Clayton and were the parents of Sarah Strother who married
James Logan of Dungeness, Goochland.
Dorathea Dandridge Payne married Edward Boiling (see "Des-
cendants of Pocahontas" by Gov'r Robertson) and ided early leaving
one son.
I Powhatan Boiling who died unmarried.
Jane Payne married 1st Robert Boiling, no issue; 2nd James B. Fur-
guson. She died in 1806 leaving one daughter a few months old: to- wit;
Jane Elvira Ferguson, born April Gth, 1806, and married Peachy R. Grat-
tan in 1827. She died Sept. 8, 1988.
Mr. Grattan, the well known Reporter of the Court of Appeals of
Virginia, was born November 7th, 1801 and died September 8th, 1881.
The children of Mr. and Mrs Grattan, omitting those who died in in-
fancy, are:
I Elizabeth Gilmer, born April 11th, 1837, unmarried;
II Sally Gay, born Aug. 10, 1838, married Otho H. Kean and had
issue;
III Lucy Gilmer, born Aug. 10, 183S, married Mr Alexander and
died Oct. 14, 1899, leaving i.ssue;
IV James Ferguson, born July 11, 1840, married Miss
Morris, died in 1879 without issue;
V George Gilmer, born Oct. 12, 1844, killed at Battle of Seven Pines.
Alexander Spotswood Payne, born Oct. 20, 1780, married Sept. Gth,
1804 — Charlotte Bryce, daughter of Archibald Bryce and Mary Michel.
They inherited "New Market" in Goochland and lived there until 1840
when they removed to a farm on Ivy Creek near Lynchburg where they
lived the remainder of their lives, Air. Payne d}ing in 1859 and Mrs.
Payne in 1870.
(To be Continued)
.aMISAH''
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BOOK REVIEWS. 223
BOOK REVIEWS.
Empire and Armament, By Jennings C. Wise, New York and London,
1910. G. P. Putnam's Sons, pp. 365.
"It is a very valuable addition to our military historical literature and
indicates most intelligent and comprehensive research. It will be of
great use to all who wish to make a study of our past policy with a \iew
to forming an opinion as to what should be done in the way of prepared-
ness for national defence. The subject of preparation is approached in a
systematic and logical manner and the reader takes up this chapter of
the work with a very good understanding of the reasons for a most care-
ful consideration of this vital subject.
"The author's study of the subject of national defense must bring to
all who understand that tnie democracies are founded upon manhood
suffrage, an appreciation of the fact that with it goes, haml in hand, man-
hood obligation for service.
"There is not a dull sentence in the volume, so clear and simple is the
style, and so well arranged and thoroughly' digested is the matter. It i:,
reasoned out with the utmost clarity, and most logically and convincing-
ly. Nothing oould be more timely than this book, and I feel sure that it
will exercise a strong influence on public sentiment. It expresses the
soundest common sense, and breathes the most ardent, yet most rational,
patriotism."
A BiBLioGR-^PHV OF VIRGINIA, Part I. Containing the Titles of Books
in the Virginia State Library Which Relate to Virginia and Vir-
ginians, the Titles of Those Books Written by Virginians and of
Those Printed in Virginia. But not including the Titles of the
Official Editions of the Laws, of the Journals of the Legislative
Bodies, of the Reports of the Administrative C)fficers and r)thcr
Published Official Documents. By Earl G. Swem, Assistant
Librarian, Bulletin Va. State Library, April-October 1915, Ricli-
mond 1916, pp. 767.
It would be difficult to exaggerate the importance of this book to stu-
dents of any phase of Virginia life or history. The author states that i t is
not complete. This is a matter of course, but all interested will feel sure
that in the able hands of Dr. Mcllwaine the Lil)rarian, and of Mr. Swem,
it will ultimatel}' be brought to completion. The book covers meor
ground than ever its comprehensive title would indicate, for, in addition
to books, many magazine articles and several publications are catalogued.
In order to economize space, subject titles are, as a rule, shown only in
the index, the various works appearing under authors in the text.
m
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224 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
Journals oi" thk House of Burgessks ok Vik(.i\ia 1G19-1(j3S-50. Edited
by II. R. Mclhvaine, Va. State Lil)rary, Richmond, Va., MCMXV,
pp. 283.
This, the 13th volume, completes the most important historical pub-
lication ever begun in Virginia, the journals of the colonial House of Bur-
gesses so far as they remain. During the period covered by this volum-
the records of the Assembly are very defective, but Dr. ;Mclhvaine has
brought together all that remain and has added a number of valuable
illustrative documents. Dr. Mcllwaine's prefaces and notes are, as
usual, most valuable. This volume also contains a general index to the
whole thirteen.
A Man's Reach. By Sally Nelson Robins. Philadelphia and London,
J. B. Lippincott Co., 1916, pp. 333.
This departm.ent does not review works of fiction; but we acknowledge
the receipt of this story laid in Virginia; almost at the present time, by a
lady who was long the very effioitnt Assistant Librarian of this Society.
Some E.MUiRANTS to Virginia. Memoranda in regard to Several Hun-
dred Emigrants to Virginia During the Colonial Period whose
Parentage is shown or former Residence indicated by Authentic
Records. By W. G. Stanard, Second Edition Enlarged lOlo, Bell
Book Sz Stationery Company, Richmond, Va., p]). 94.
Kentucky in the War ok ISLJ. By A. C. Ouisenberry. Ky. Historical
Society, Frankfort 1915.
This valuable book gives in minute detail the services of Kentucku.ns
in the last war with England. Among the hundreds of names mentioned
and, of course, many natives of Virginia and sons of Virginians.
■i'.i' lRi*V9<i oJ Infis^i til nbninn:::i\' . t\ti ia'a ]' J iw
I -J' . ,UJ
li-jimV'nU .'('A .YTtnAri-yftufJ ,0 A (9 .Vi-' '-laH
PROCEEDINGS
Virginia Historical Society
AT ITS
ANNUAL MEETING
HELD IN THE
HOUSE OF THE SOCIETY
ON
March 20. 1916
MITCHELL ii: HOTCHKISS
PRINTERS TO THE SOCIETY
KICH>l()NU, VA.
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PROCEEDINGS
Virginia Historical Society
' ' ■ IN '
Annual Meeting Held March 20, 1916.
The Annual Meeting was held in the Society's House, 707
East Franldin Street, on March 20th, at 4 P. M., with Presi-
dent W. Gordon McCabe in the chair.
The first business was the reading of President McCabe 's
Annual Report as follows:
Annual Report of the President of the Virginia
Historical Society for 1915.
To THE Members of the Virginia Historical Society:
I have the honor to submit the following Report, giving
a summary of the work of the Society and presenting a detailed
statement of its finances, m.embership and proj^erty for the year
ending November 30th, 1915 — which Report has been duly
examined, minutely verified, and unanimously approved by
}'our Executive Committee.
While it is true that little of special significance has occun-ed
since our last Report, it is yet a source of no small satisfaction
to record that much solid achievement has marked the history
of the Society during this time and that our finances, notwith-
standing the increased expenditures incident to the broadening
of the scope of our work, were never in a sounder condition.
Despite the "hard times" which prevailed during the greater
portion of the year, we have more than held our own, adding,
indeed, no insignificant sum to our "Permanent Fund," which,
a MX *j
'^jsbo? BinigiiV
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YTiioori jy^OiHOT^iH AJMiOflrV yi!T TO 8fli:i(tMaM uht oT
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viub rjjuci 2Cii ftoq'jM rtjii'!//— oKM ,rit()S iodmo7f.tl^ i^nibrro
/yjjrr.'D'jo ^ic/i ooniioi'llrrj^h; ki'^t;'; "lo jlrMi jfufij -Mni 21 i\ -slijlV/
: . . ■ . I I<:i
tiiJ-vJi ,! ;"X);ti.fii) iij<j UiilJ f>n<: oniiJ ^ulJ ;:^fjhjib vJjrj<iri ^jrii lo
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IV VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
while still far below what our aims demand, is yet the largest
as to amount in the annals of the Society
Collections of annual dues have been far more i'atisfactory
than for the past two or three years, owing, no doubt, to the
drastic purging of our rolls by order of the Executive Com-
mittee. There are, however, still left some few of these de-
linquents, who turn a deaf ear to the "gentle reminders" of
our "collector," and others, who, like the debtors in King Henry
IV, "pay some and promise infinitely." If these members
could, in any way, be brought to realize to what extent their
failure to pay their just debts not seldom embairasses the
Society (which scrupulously pays its own), perhaps for very
shame's sake they would cease their cynical indifference or (to
employ a more euphemistic phrase) their inexcusable negli-
gence, and by prompt payment enable your Executi\'e Com-
mittee to broaden still further the scope of our Magazine.
Further appeal to the consciences of these delinquents seems
futile. To paraphrase Shakespeare a trifle, some men are born
honest, some achieve honesty (as a sort of "best policy"), but
our records prove beyond cavil that there are others who stub-
bornly refuse to have it even thrust upon them. We have
been not only considerate, but most indulgent, and now
"where the offense is, let the great axe fall."
In spite, however, of "hard times" and of these recalcitrant
debtors, who, from time to time, were dropped after repeated
warnings, our rolls show a mcmbershi]) of 757, an increase of
7 over last year.
That our finances continue in a thoroughly sound and sat-
isfactory condition, is evidenced by the subjoined
Treasurer's Report:
Balance in Bank December 1, 1914 S210.50
Receipts.
Annual Dues S2,939.05
Life Members 100.00
Sale of Magazines 291.90
Sale of Publications 37.50
Interest G37 .45
Advertising 44.50
Rent 150.00_ $4,200.40
§1,410.90
y -^
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PROCEEDINGS. ... :. V
Disbursements.
Salaries . SI, 521. 00
Wages 300.00 ... '
Books, Binding, etc 7!). 15
Sundry Bills 241.07
Postage and Express 121. l.S
Checks returned 15.10
Miscellaneous Printing 63.50
Repairs 43.43
Printing Magazines 1,340.47
To Permanent Fund 300.00
Insurance. 6.00
Di.scount .50 4,041.16
Balance in Bank November 30, 1015 -. 309.74
S4, 410.90
Permanent Fund. •
3% Savings Deposit $1,100.00
Mortgage 6% 1,000.00
Mortgage 6% 5,500.00
Twenty-live (25) Shares of Stock in the Citizen's Bank of
Norfolk, Va., paying lO^'o dividends, estimated value 5,000.00
$12,600.00
In accordance with an order of the Executive Committee, the Treasurer
presents the following tabulated statement showing the sources from
which the Permanent Fund is derived. What is termed the "Society's
Fund" comprises the amount the Committee has been able to save from
year to year out of the ordinary revenues of the Society.
The Virginia Sturdivant McCabe Fund, given by the Pres-
ident of the Society in loving memory of his grand-daugh- ■ <
ter Virginia Sturdivant McCabe, born February 1, 1900,
died August 11, 1909 $500.00
The Jane Pleasants Harrison Osborne McCabe Fund given
by the President of the Society in loving memory of his
wife, Jane Pleasants Harrison Osborne McCabe, who died
November 22, 1912 500.00
Daughters of the American Revolution Fund 100.00
Bvam K. Stevens Fund 650.00
Edward Wilson James Fund 4,500.00
Society's Fund 6,350.00
$12,600.00
It should be observed that while the report of current receipts and
disbursements is for the fiscal year ending November 30lh, the state-
ment of the amount of the Permanent Fund is brought up to the date of
the Annual Meeting.
Though our total receipts from regular sources are less by $25.24 than
last year (on account of the very unusual sale of sets of the magazine
during 1914) it is very gratifying to see that the receipts from annual
dues are $174.20 more than last year. E.xcluding the large expenditure
.b
OOOkll
UtilOt
iOOUt.l
.)ci
,;ij y...... l;>.rtit j;;. *i-j;.'L
VI VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
for repairs in 1914 (for which the means were derived from the Perma-
nent Fund) our expenditures this year arc less than last. The best in-
dication that we have had a prosperous year from the financial stand-
point is that though we have promptly met every obligation and con-
ducted the affairs of the Society with all necessary liberality, we have
this year a balance of $369.74 against $210.50 last year, and that, though
there have been no gifts to the Permanent Fund this year, we have been
able from our regular income to add $400.00 to it, making the amount
$200.00 more than it has ever been before. $100.00 of this addition was
made before the date of the last annual meeting, February 1915, so the
net increase of the Permanent Fund over the last report is $300.00. In
addition to these facts it may be stated that within a week after the
end of the fiscal year the Society did not owe a dollar.
Respectfully submitted,
. , ROBERT A. LANCASTER, Jr.,
Treasurer.
Additions to the Library.
The addition to the library in books and pamphlets total 840,
an increase of 235 over last year. Thedonors to whom is due
grateful acknowledgement are: Hon. Amiistead C. Gordon,
Col. Jennings C. Wise, Judge George L. Christian, Major
"William A. Anderson, Sir Gilbert Parker, Bart., Judge Norris
S. Barratt, W. Gordon McCabe, Douglas H. Thomas, R. A.
Lancaster, Jr., James Branch Cabell, Marshall D. Haywood,
J. G. Hankins, Auditor C. Lee Moore, Gideon I\L Harris,
Henry A. Sampson, M. A. Shiree, David L Bushnell, Jr., A. P.
Wilmer, W. K. Chisholm, R. H. North, W. W. Hamson, Frank
A. Owen, Lindsay Russell, H. T. Ezekicl, Albert Matthews,
A. W. Alderson, E. D. Millette, G. E. Dwelley, Fisk Kimball,
Edwin J. Sellers, Henry T. Harrison, John T. Trezvant, James
Sprunt, Robert B. Munford, Jr., Bauman L. Belder, E. F.
Pratt, Thos. B. Rowland, H. A. Statenbttrgh, Chas. G. Bosher,
Fred'k B. Hyde, H. E. Deats; Rev. A. H. Hord, D. D., Rev.
W. J. Hinke, D. D.; Professors Lyon G. Tyler, Charles A
Graves, J. W. Wayland, Ulrich B. Phillips, and A. J. Morrison;
Doctors J. B. Earnest, Emory Jordan, McGuire Newton, H.
L. E. Johnson; Mesdames Sally Nelson Robins, Lipscombe
Norvell, Chas. R. Hyde, James M. Lawton, John W. Holcombe,
Wells Thompson; Misses M. M. Pleasants, Jane S. Stanard,
E. L. Stanard ; Smithsonian Institution, Royal Society of Canada,
Carnegie Endowment for Universal Peace, Rockefeller Founda-
tion, Rockefeller Sanitary Commission, Library of Congress,
rnJ Ir
.YHAHai4 HMT OT aViOM ttUlA
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PROCEEDINGS. , ' VU
Virginia State Library, Yale University Library, Columbia
University Press, University of California, Apprentices Lib-
rary (Philadelphia), Newberry Library (Chicago), Indian
Rights Commission, Virginia Society of Colonial Dames, New
York Society of Colonial Dames, Ancient and Honorable
Artillery Company, the Paris (France) Chamber of Commerce,
Richmond (Va.) Chamber of Commerce, California Society
S. A. R., National Society S. A. R., Alliance Francaise, Amer-
ican Bar Association, Virginia Bar Association, Japan Society
of America, Hispania Society of America, Swedish Historical
Society, Georgia Historical Society, Trustees of Philadelphia
Museum, Adjutant-General of Kentucky, and Gettysburg
National Park Commission.
A very large number of newspapers, periodicals, and pam-
phlets (beyond the usual 8vo. size) have been substantially
bound, while our "binders" now number 351, containing about
three thousand five hundred pamphlets. We are also pre-
serving in "binders" numerous local imprints and clippings,
which cannot fail to prove most helpful to future historians
of Richmond.
Gifts and Bequests.
1. A full length portrait in oils of the late Joseph Bryan, so
long the beloved President and benefactor of this Society,
presented by his sons.
2. Five large photographs (framed, and almost of the same
size as the originals) of: (1) Robert Boiling (1G4G-17U9); (2)
Robert Boiling (1682-1749); (3) Robert BoUing (1730-1775);
(4) Robert Boiling (1759-1839— of "the Petersburg Boilings"
branch of the family); and (5) Colonel William Heth of the
"Continental Line" — all presented by their lineal descendant,
Heth Lorton, esq., formerly of Virginia, now of "^vlatoa,"
Garden City, Long Island.
3. The original official appointment (Dec. 6, 1752) of John
Maury as surveyor of lands in Prince William County, Vir-
ginia, signed by Colonel William Fairfax (cousin and agent of
Thomas Lord Fairfax), who was Lieutenant of the County of
.«T?! ••" " ' ' ' DtmO
Vm VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
Fairfax and President of the Virginia Council — given to Presi-
dent McCabe by the late Charles H. Conover of Chicago, well
known as an ardent "collector" and antiquarian, and presented
by the fomicr to the Society.
4. An old "whipping-strap," used in early Colonial days in
legal whippings at Gloucester, C. H., (Va.) — presented by W.
B. Cridlin, esq., of this city
5. (1) A copy of the famous correspondence that passed
between John Randolph of Roanoke and Mrs. Gouverneur
Morris (Anne Cary Randolph), in which that sprightly and sar-
castic dame got decidedl}^ the better of her acrid kinsman; (2)
a "broad-side" advertising Miss Hunneywell's gallery of cuts
and needlework; (3) a silhouette cut by Miss Hunney well-
presented by Miss Lucie P. Stone, Hollins, Virginia.
G. A framed photograph of the miniatiu^e of Patrick Henr}''
painted by Laurence Sully in 1793 — presented by the former
owner of the miniature, John Syme Fleming, esq., of Richmond,
together with various interesting documents relating to the
original.
7. A photogravure of Trumbull's portrait of Washington
(now in Yale University), presented by the Secretary, William
G. Stanard.
8. A steel engraving of Hon. Jefiferson Davis, when Secre-
tary of War of the United States — presented by Arthur L.
Steams, esq., of New York City.
9. A steel engraving (very rare) of General Robert E. Lee,
executed b}^ John Sartain — presented by Arthur L. Steams, esq. ,
of New York City.
10. An engraving of "Bathurst," a very ancient residence
in Essex County, Virginia — presented b}^ Judge L. H. Jones,
Louisville, Ky.
IL A large number of copies of "The National Intelligencer"
(Washington, D. C.) — presented by R. L. Peyton, Esq., The
Plains, Virginia.
Publications.
1. Volume XXIII of our (Quarterly) Magazine was puh-
lished during the year, and, it is needless to add. was conducted
.ah
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PROCEEDINGS. • ^^
on the same high plane that historical students at home and
abroad confidently look for in it, its accomplished editor stead-
ily adhering to his settled purpose of printing (save in very rare
instances) only original documents dealing with Virginia
Colonial history.
2. The ''Minnies oj the Council and General Court" {1622-
162"/), transcribed from the originals in the Library of Congress
1j_\' Mr. Lothrop Withington of London, have run through the
year, but the untimely death of this generous friend and keen
antiquarian (who perished in the dastardly and stupid destruc-
tion of the "Lusitania") rendered it necessary that provision
should be promptly made for the uninterrupted continuation
of this valuable series of documents, which, for the first time,
have given historical students a detailed account of the inti-
mate every-day life of the Colony. Under direction of the Presi-
dent of the Society, the Corresponding Secretary went to
Washington, and, through the courteous permission of the
Cliief Librarian, had "photostat" copies made of a large portion
of the original IMS. This he is now transcribing and annotating,
and the first instalment of his work is already in type for the
January (1916) number of the Magazine. We may repeat here,
without fear of successful contradiction, what was asserted in
our Report of two years ago — that no printed document what-
ever dealing with early Colonial industrial and social life is of
more solid and illumining value than these "Minutes."
3. The series of ''Abstracts," by the late W. N. Sainsbury, as
well as the "Complete Transcripts" from the originals in the
British "Public Records Office" (now in the Virginia State
Library and commonly known as the "Dejamette," "Winder,"
and "McDonald" Papers) have regularly appeared in each
number of the Magazine, covering the years 1677 and 167S.
These latter instalments, it may here be noted, offer minute
details of the very troublous period immediately following
"Bacon's Rebellion."
4. The "Council Papers" (i6g8-i'/oi), transcribed by our own
co|)yist from the rare and long-forgotten MS volume, so en-
titled, in the Virginia State Library (which bears on the fly-
leaf the inscription, "This Book begun by Mr. Benjamin Har-
ir//
X VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
rison, Clerk of ye Council in 1698") have also ran through the
year to the increasing delight of both the historical student
and the idlest general reader. These "Papers," never before
in print until published in our pages, constitute, in truth, a
veritable "human document," containing, as they do, not only
formal official communications, "instructions" and proclama-
tions, but a wealth of personal letters vividly portraying the
social and economic life of the Colonists.
5. We ha\'e also drawn largely during the year from the
manuscript treasures of our own collections:
As worthy of especial note among the papers so published, we
may mention: (1) Letters of Thomas Adams (brother of Col.
Richard Adams, some of whose letters we published last year
in our Magazine), which, dealing, as they do, with the trade
between Virginia and the mother-country in the years immedi-
ately preceding the Revolution (1708-1775), must prove of
distinct interest to economic students; (2) a series of "Letters
and other Papers," which embrace as wide a range in subject-
matter as they cover in time (1705-1829); chief among them
being the letters from Edward Athawes, London Merchant,
to "the Hon'ble John, Charles and Landon Carter, Esquires, in
Rappahannock River, Virginia," relating to the consignments
of tobacco, made to him from the estate of their nephew and
ward, Robert Carter of "Nominy," at that time a minor, who
was, later on, to Ijc known as that "Councillor Carter," who has
been so graphically portrayed for us by Philip Fithian in his
delightful "Diary." The s]Decial value of these Athawes
letters lies in the minute details they give as to the conditions
at that time (1735) of the Virginia tobacco trade, then (as for
many years before and after) the chief commercial business of
the Colony.- Tliese are followed by a number of letters of
considerable moment to Revolutionary students written to
Col. Theodorick Bland (commanding the regiment guarding
British prisoners in Albemarle Co., Va., 1779) by John Allen,
CajJtain and Quartermaster; then (going back chronologically)
a scries of letters from Nathaniel Blackiston (fonnerly a Gover-
nor of Maryland, but, at the time, "Agent of Virginia and
Maryland" in England) to Philiij Ludwell (Second) of "Green-
PROCEEDINGS. ' XI
Spring," James City County, Va. (the uncompromising enemy
of quarrelsome Governor Nicholson), mainly taken up with the
political gossip "at home." More attractive still to the general
reader, who finds his interest in social life and manners rather
than in poHtical or economic discussions, will prove the intimate
family letters of Mrs. Lucy Ambler of "Morven," Fauquier Co.,
to her cousin, Mrs. Sallie Massie of Nelson Co., which portray
in artless and lively fashion the busy life of the mistress of a
Virginia plantation in the early part of the last century, and
which, incidentally, give most abundant proof of the kindly,
nay, afifectionate, relations, that existed between master and
servants (they were never called "slaves" by gentle-folk) in
those brave old days. Their charm is no whit impaired by a
variegated, not to say picturesque, orthography, which the
most radical "Spelling Reformer" has never rivalled in his
most daring aberrations from the norm. Nor do these eccen-
tricities of orthography, even in a more exaggerated degree,
detract from our keen interest in the letters of Mistress Eliza-
beth Beverley of "Blandfield," Essex Co. (sister of the Revolu-
tionary statesman, Richard Bland of "Jordan's Point," Prince
George County), evidently a "Colonial Dame" of masterful
mind, who did not hesitate to score relentlessly her "grate
relations" for not succoring her "Sis'r JMunford" left in straitened
circumstances. Other letters under this general title, treating
of Colonial and Revolutionary matters, are equally readable.
6. Of special value is a series of papers entitled ''The Vir-
ginia Frontier in History, 1778", contributed by Mr. David I.
Bushnell, Jr. (a member of the Society), who has achieved high
reputation as an expert in Indian history in the "Bureau of
American Ethnology." It is the work of a trained specialist
and contains many highly important documents transcribed
by the writer from the archives of the Virginia State Library
and the Library of Congress, that deal with the history of our
frontier in 1778 and our relations with "the wily red-skins."
Three instalments of this most valuable paper have been pub-
lished (beginning with the April number of the Magazine) and
the series is to be continued. It is admirably annotated
throughout, and, when completed, should be j^resented in book
tx
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■U vfV
XU VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
form as constituting a solid contribution to tlie early history
of this commonwealth.
7. To the long list of historical "finds" that stand to our
credit during recent and past years, we have added yet another
of prime importance, vi'hich appeared in our July number under
the title "Acts, Orders and Resolutions of the General Assem-
bly oj Virginia, At Sessions of 1643-1646." These Acts and
other "proceedings" (not printed in Hening, it is to be noted)
are contained in a manuscript volume, which Mr. Charles F.
Mcintosh (an indefatigable antiquarian and member of this
Society) discovered a short time ago while making researches
in the Clerk's Office at Portsmouth, Virginia. Apprized of the
"find", Dr. Henry R. Mcllwaine, our alert and accomplished
State Librarian (who is as keen in running down an old Vir-
ginia manuscript as ever was Sir Francis Drake in his roving
quest of the treasure-ships of "Old Spain")went at once to Ports-
mouth in person, examined the precious, long-forgotten, vol-
ume and, having secured from the proper custodians pennission
to do so, brought back the book to Richmond, and had it copied
by one of the trained scribes of the Library Staff, with the view
of incorporating these "Acts" in any future collection of Vir-
ginia laws. But, as there seemed no prospect of publishing
such a collection for some time to come, he most generously
handed over his copy to our Editor for publication in the Mag-
azine.
The Acts of the Session of March 1643, deal especially with
the Second Indian War, an episode in our Colonial history of
which very little has been, heretofore, known. There are also
other "Acts" of no small importance, among them one (printed
it is true, in Hening, but erroneously dated) entitled, "A Dec-
laration concerning the Dutch War, 1647," which (pp. 244-246
of the Magazine) contains a very vigorous statement of Colonial
rights in the matter "granted unto us by ancient charter."
Your Committee takes this occasion to make grateful
knowlcdgement of Dr. Mcllwaine's courtesy, which affords
additional evidence of his constant readiness to serve the in-
terests of the Society, which in this instance are identical with
"the good of the State."
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PROCEEDINGS. . ..' Xlli
8. Of noteworthy value to determined historical students
may be also mentioned: (1) "Index to Bnmswick County
(Va.) Wills" (Letter H), wliich we owe to the industry of Air.
W. B. Cridlin of this city (a member of the Society) and which
is to be continued by that painstaking antiquarian; (2) the con-
tinuation of "Animadversions on a Paper Entitulated Virginia
Addresses, Printed in Philadelphia," a document prepared by
the House of Burgesses during their quarrel with Governor
Spotswood (1719), which we dealt with at length in our last
Report; (3) "County Court Proceedings in Virginia, 1734,"
which contains some very amusing reading to the "layman,"
whatever its worth to the legal profession; (4) "Lists of Tith-
ables of Pittsylvania County, year 17G7," for which we are
indebted to Mrs. N. E. Clement of Chatham, Virginia (a mem-
ber of the Society), for whose valuable contributions to our
Alagazine we have often had occasion to express profound
gratitude. These "Lists" give the number of acres of land
owned by each resident in the county together with the names
of the "tithables." It is greatly to be regretted that we have
not similar lists for all the counties in this commonwealth,
which, through close comparative study, would enable us to
solve not a few vexed problems of our economic history ;
(5) "Abstracts of Lists of Wills and Administrations from
British Probate Courts," which have been published in our
Magazine during the past twelve years (beginning January,
1903) under the title "Virginia Gleanings in England."
It would be idle for us to dwell again on the illumining side-
lights shed on the social and economic life of our early Col.
onial era by these "Gleanings," so generously "compiled and
presented" to the Society by our staunch friend, Mr. Lothrop
Withington, of London. Repeatedly, year after year, have we
made grateful acknowledgement to him of his unwearied labors.
This alphabetical reference list to the entire series (which will
prove a boon to all students of Virginia history) was also
"compiled and presented" by Mr. Withington, and alas! is to
be the last of the many kind services that he so ungrudingly
rendered the Society. Finis opus coronatl; (G) an artless, yet
shrewd, and, we doubt not, veracious, description of Virginia
mz
XIV VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE,
as it was in 1785, contained in a lengthy letter written by a
young Irishman, John Jo^'ce, to his uncle, the Rev. Robert
Dickson, of Narrow Water near Newry, County Armagh.
This most interesting letter was given to the vSociety many
years ago by Governor John Letcher (Virginia's "War Gover-
nor") and according to tradition was found in Norfolk, Vir-
ginia, during the war of 1812. From certain allusions in this
letter, Joyce was probably tutor in the family of Thomas
Lomax of "Portobago Bay," on the Rappahannock. The
letter has been admirably annotated by our Editor and fonns
most agreeable reading. It is amusing to see that the groans
of the farmers over "unjust taxes" were as deep and dismal in
1785 as they are now, and, no doubt, will continue to be till the
crack o'doom.
The Departments of "Notes and Queries," "Book-Reviews"
and "Genealogy," have been conducted on the usual high plane.
As regards the last-named department, it is pertinent to men-
tion here that the general reader, who may care little for gen-
ealogy in itself, will find, on even a cursory glance, that many
of these "genealogies" (comprising, as they do, wills, inven-
tories and domestic letters) throw unexpected light on the
social and economic history of the time, while affording most
delightful and instructive reading. It is gratifying to recall
that not a few men and women, who originally joined the
Society for only a single year in order to receive the Magazine
during the publication of some particular genealogy, have
gradually become deeply interested in general Virginia history
and are' now reckoned among our most dependable subscribers.
It seems, indeed, safe to say that a large i^roportion of our
present membership had this origin.
. 1916. • •
Our Editor has already mapped out a most attractive pro-
gramme for 1910.
The ''Minutes of the Council cuid General Court" will con-
tinue through the whole year, as will also the "Sainsbnry Ab-
stracts" and "Complete Transcripts" from the originals in the
ar«i
-o~
PROCEEDINGS. XV
British Public Records Ofilce, from 1077 on (known as the
"Dcjarnette," "Winder" and "McDonald" Papers.)
The "Council Papers" will be continued (and jfrobably
concluded) during the year.
Mr. David I. Bushnell, Jr., has kindly j^romised to contri-
bute at least two more instalments of his most valuable mono-
graph on "The Virginia Frontier in History, 177S," the previous
sections of which have already excited wide-spread interest
and commendation. Mrs. Clement's "Pittsylvania Tithables"
and Mr. W. B. Cridlin's "Index to Sussex County Wills" (the
last instalment of which appeared in 1913, Vol. XXI, pp. 2o9-
276) will, both, be resumed and carried through to com};letion.
Most of our readers, no doubt, still cherish delightful recol-
lections of the "Moravian Diaries of Travel through Vir-
ginia," translated from the Geraian originals in the archives
of the Moravian church at Bethlehem, Penn., by Rev. William
J. Hinke, Ph. D., assisted by Mr. Charies E. Kemper of Wash-
ington, D. C. These "Diaries," minutely annotated by these
two able scholars and acute antiquarians, of the brave and
pious Isloravian IVIissionaries, who came from Pennsylvania
to the Western portion of this Colony about the middle of the
eighteenth century (1748 on), contain vivid pictures of the rude
settlers among whom they labored, and, when presented to the
reading public in our pages (where they appeared for the first
time in English), were, ever>^vhere and at once, recognized as a
contribution of prime import to a more precise knowledge of
the influence of the Gemian element in the settlement of many
Virginia counties, notably in the settlement of "the Valley."
Dr. Hinke has now translated (from a copy of the original
in the "City Library" of Berne), the "Report of the Journey
of Francis Louis Michel from Berne, Switzeriand, to Virginia,
Oct. 2nd, 1701— Dec. 1st, 1792." This "Report," carefully
annotated by the translator, will appear for the first time in
English guise in the pages of our Magazine for the coming year.
The first instalment will be printed in our January (1910)
number, accompanied by a very curious map (on a reduced
scale) drawn by Michel himself. The traveller also left a
series of sketches of such ancient historic buildings as the first
vx
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XVI VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
College of William and Mary, the Virginia State House, Old
Bruton Church, of the Indians and their houses etc., all of
which will appear as illustrative of the text, as it api:ears in
successive instalments.
A close investigation recently made by our Corresponding
Secretary and Editor, disclosed the fact that only about twenty-
nine of the one hundred and forty letters contained in the
"Letter-Book" (1683-1G91) of Captain William Byrd (father
of the more celebrated Col. William Byrd of Westover) had
been printed in Maxwell's "Historical Register" (I, GO, 11-i;
n, 78, 203). Mr. Maxwell (nomen venerabile!) appears to have
selected at random those that he decided to print from the little
MS volume that has been for so many years in our possession.
However, some of the "curious" may recall that those that he
did print excited at the time very lively attention, and our
Editor, finding these unpublished ones no whit inferior in in-
terest to those already given to the public, has decided to print
(beginning, probably, with our April number) the entire col-
lection until completed.
While our lamented friend, Mr. Lothrop Withington, left
unfinished much of the work which he had proposed doing for
the Society in the matter of "Abstracts" from British Wills
relating to Virginia and Virginians, he yet left with us (on the
eve of his faring on his last fateful voyage) a very considerable
number of completed abstracts, wiiich will enable us to carry on
the scries of "Virginia Gleanings in England" for some time to
come. As repeatedly dwelt on by us in Report after Report
(and as touched upon above), these abstracts throw such light
(direct and indirect) on the character of Virginia immigrants
and on their social and industrial life, that it is earnestly to be
hoped that some enthusiastic antiquarian over seas may siill
be found to continue this part, at least, of Mr. Withington 's
manifold activities in furthering the aims of this Society.
The publication of letters and documents relating to our
Revolutionary soldiers and to Virginia matters during, and
immediately subsequent to, that momentous struggle, will be
continued. ., , .
Itl
PROCEEDINGS. XVll
The "Book-Reviews," "Notes and Queries" and "Genealogy"
will, of course, be earned on with the same conscientious care
as heretofore. For this last department, we have been for-
tunate enough to secure from Dr. J. Hall Pleasants of Balti-
more, Md. (a member of the Society) a series of contributions
that we are confident will be found of si)ecial historical value,
as well as of marked interest to the general reader. Taking as his
text (so to speak) the children (immigrants to Virginia) of the
Rev. John Gorsuch, an aggressive and fearless "Royalist" par-
son, and of Anne, his wife, daughter of Sir William Lovelace
and sister of Richard Lovelace, i)rince of "Ca\'alier Poets,"
Dr. Pleasants has through painstaking investigations, boih
here and in England, established kinship of these children with
a group of famous Kentish "Worthies," who exercised a com-
manding influence on early Virginia colonization. Licluded in
this group are names that still stir the blood of Virginians "to
the manner boni" — Sir Edwin Sandys, George Sandys, Sir
Francis Wyatt, and of an earlier date, Christopher Carlisle, Sir
Humphrey Gilbert, Sidney, Walsingham, and the Earl of Essux.
The inherent value of Dr. Pleasants' printed images vrill be still
further enhanced by the insertion in the text of a number of
illustrations — photographs of family portraits, old churches,
monuments etc. — which this delightful antiquarian secured
during his various pilgrimages to England.
It is pertinent to suggest here that a "General Index" to our
Magazine is greatly needed. The demand for it comes again
and again to us from busy historical students, but such an
imdertaking is at j^resent beyond the means of the Society.
If a sufficient number of subscribers to such a volume could
be secured beforehand, it would be feasible at the close of 1917
to publish a general index covering the twenty-five volumes
of our Magazine. Subscriptions may be sent to our Secretary.
Your Committee, while recording here, as is only just, its
high sense of the industry and fidelity of the whole working
staff of the Society, desires to mark in an especial manner its
deep appreciation of the unwearied labors of our Corresponding
Secretary, who by his learning, critical acumen and Hterary
skill has achieved for our Magazine an assured position among
IIVX
.ul
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XVni VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
the foremost of like historical publications at home and abroad —
steadily maintaining its prestige, as the years go by, until today
it is everywhere quoted as definitive "authority" by all students
who deal with Virginia history.
It is pleasant to record in this connection that the ancient
foundation of "William and Mary" has during the year, in rec-
ognition of his learning and devotion to letters, conferred upon
him her highest (and rarely accorded) degree of "Doctor of Laws."
Necrology.
Life Members.
Judge Theodore S. Garnett, Norfolk, Virginia.
Annual IMembers.
Major John P. Branch, Richmond, Virginia.
James N. Boyd, Richmond, Virginia.
Lucas Brodhead, Versailles, Kentucky.
Mrs. F. M. Boykin, Richmond, Virginia.
Commander M. B. Buford, U. S. N., Paris, France.
C. B. Bryant, Martin.svillc, Virginia.
Alexander Cameron, Richmond, Virginia.
Brig.-General C. C. C. Carr, U. S. A., Chicago, Illinois.
Hon. Holmes Conrad, Winchester, Virginia.
Jacob Hefflefinger, Hampton, Virginia.
Robert L. Parrish, Jr., Covington, \'irginia.
L. R. Warren, Richniond, Virginia.
Hon. Joseph E. Washington, Wessyngton, Tennessee.
Dr. John F. Winn, Riclmiond, Virginia.
LoTHROP Withington, LondoH, England.
This is next to the longest "Necrology" that we hav^e ever
had to record in the history of the Society.
Not a few of the names embraced in the sad roll are of those
who were not only men of distinction in their respective com-
munities and states, but conspicuous for their talents and high
personal and civic virtues throughout the whole country.
During recent years, it has been usual for the President to
sketch in outline the careers of our deceased members, but so
long is the present mournful roll that it is manifestly impossible,
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PROCEEDINGS. XIX
within the limits at his command, for him to do this in every
case for the current year. In not a few cases, indeed, lack of
intimate personal knowledge would alone forbid such an at-
tempt, for the mere conventional notice always rings false and
not only defeats its well-meant purpose, but, oftentimes, does
grave injustice to the dead.
Yet, surely, it is only becoming that in the "Minutes" of the
Society there should be some record, however halting, of those
who were not only knit to us by ties of long and intimate friend-
ship, but whose loyalty to this association never wavered when
our skies were not so bright as they are to-day
Foremost among these is Judge Theodore S. Gamett of Nor-
folk, the only name, indeed, stricken from the roll of Life Mem-
bership, yet a loss of such grievous import to the community
and commonwealth, to the jwofession and to the ancient com-
munion to which he belonged, as well as to a large circle of
kinsmen, comrades, and friends, that it is difficult to speak of
this daring soldier, learned jurist and humble-minded christian,
this n:ost lovable and most loyal of friends, save in terms
which to those who did not enjoy the privilege of his intimate
I friendship must savor of rhetorical extravagance.
But in this presence, at least, where so many of \^ou knew him
as he was, one need not fear that imputation. The misgiving
is, rather, that you will deem the outline blurred by excess of
caution and repression.
Living slightly beyond the Psalmist's limit of three score
years and ten, his career was a busy and beneficient one to the
end, and though, speaking with rigorous exactness, it was in
the main uneventful, yet not a few honors came to him as the
3^ears went by, and, as he himself loved most to remember, in
"the May of youth and bloom of lustihood" he had known many
a "crowded hour of glorious life," and had, on field of battle,
won the plaudits of grizzled veterans ere the down was on his
cheek. So strenuous indeed was his life from early boyhood,
that it is not possible to set down here more than a mere outline
of its varied activities. ,.,>„.: ■ ■, , > !
Briefly then, Theodore Stanford Garnett, Jr., was born in
Richmond, Virginia, on October 28th, 1844, son and namesake
JIOV/
XX VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGARINE.
of Theodore S. Gamett, an able civil engineer, and of his wife,
Florentina Isidora Moreno of Pensacola, daughter of Francisco
Moreno and grand-daughter of Fernando Moreno, of an ancient
Spanish family, who had migrated from Malaga to Florida, and
settled there, while as yet it was a province of "Old S]Dain."
As a lad of ten, his parents, at the time, living in the county of
Hanover, he entered the famous "EpiscoiJal High School" near
Alexandria (of which he was destined in after years to become
one of the "Trustees") and there remained until the outbreak
of the "War Between the States."
Virginia having seceded on April 17th, 18G1, young Gamett
(true to the instincts of his martial blood on both sides of his
house) hastened back to his coimtry home and at once enlisted
as a private soldier in the light battery that was then being
formed by that gallant old soldier, Captain (afterwards Colonel)
Wilham Nelson- — a battery that was destined in the impending
struggle to win great glory under the name of the "Hanover
Artillery."
The necessary quota of men was rapidly made up and the
comiJ^any, forthwith, marched to Richmond to be mustered in.
There the lad's military ardor met an unexpected check. He
was but sixteen and a half years old and looked much younger,
so, despite his almost passionate pleading, the enrolling officer
refused to accept him. In desjieration, and much aggrieved,
"The." (as he was always affectionately called by his intimates),
along with two other youthful companions who had been
similarly rejected, sought out General Robert E. Lee, who, as
"Military Adviser" to President Davis, was occupying at the
time as his head-quarters a small one-story building that had
been hastily constructed within the "Capitol Square " General
Lee, always kindly and accessible to young folk, and who, be-
sides, knew Gamett's "people", listened patiently to the boyish
trio, but proved as inexorable as the hard-hearted mustcring-
officer: "Go back to your homes, my boys, and wait a little.
We shall need you later on," was his answer to their eager
pleas — almost identical, as to words, with his firm refusal to his
own son, Robert (exactly a year older than "The."), who was
V(
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PROCEEDINGS. XXI
"wild" to enlist in the early days of '01. So, Garnett sadly
went his way, and, in default of anything better, accepted
gladly a clerkship in the "Navy Department," offered him by
the Hon. Stephen R. Mallory, who was Secretary of the Navy
in Mr. Davis's Cabinet and who had married a sister of "The.'s"
mother. With this he had to be content for over eighteen
months, but the longed-for chance was close at hand, and he
owed it to the fact that he wrote a fine and fast and flowing
hand. Stuart having asked the Secretary if he could recom-
mend to him as clerk at his headquarters some trustworthy
young man, who wrote a "rapid and distinct hand" (the latter
he especially insisted on), the kind uncle, who had watched the
lad fretting over "being in a bomb-proof" and who sympathized
with his longing to be with his brother and other near kinsmen
yonder at the front, recommended his nephew for the coveted
billet, and "The.," having promptly enlisted (in June, 1803)
in the "Essex Troop (Co. F, 9th Va. Cavalry), was straightway
detailed by Stuart as a clerk at his headquarters. At last he
had his heart's desire, nay, even more than that, for he had
never dreamed of such luck as serving under the immediate
eye of the great cavalry leader.
Stuart from the first took a great fancy to the handsome
youngster, who was modest and anxious to please, while his
penmanship, even at that early age, was distinguished for its
beauty and legibility, as one may see who cares to examine
the original of one of Stuart's "Official Reports" now on file
in the Archives of the "Confederate Museum" in this city,
which is entirely in Gamett's handwriting.
But better things were to come. In that vigorous campaign
of '03, the headquarters of the Cavalry Corps, except for rare
intervals, was "in the saddle," and Stuart who saw everything,
observing with an approving eye the eager valor of his young
scribe, who seemed to be quite as ready with sword as with pen
when occasion demanded, soon began to count on his alert in-
telligence and cool courage in carrying orders, and Garnett
speedily became one of his most trusted "couriers."
You will find his name in the small list of "couriers" men-
tioned for gallantry by Stuart in his "Official Report of the
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Gettysburg Campaign." This eager valor in the melee and
ready efficiency in office-work were, in no long time, to be still
further rewarded, for in February of 'G4, Stuart recommended
that he be commissioned lirst-lieutenant of cavalry, and on
March 11th announced him in "General Orders" as his personal
aide-de-camp.
From that time on, Garnett was always to be found riding
hard by the bridle-rein of our "Rupert of the South," whom it
is no exaggeration to declare he fairly worshipped with all the
intensity of his generous boyish heart.
But alas! he was not destined long so to ride, for exactl}^ sixty
days from the time when he had been officially announced as
his "A. D. C.," came that fateful May-evening yonder at
"Yellow Tavern," when Stuart received his mortal wound,
while barring the way to the Confederate capital with a mere
handful of his veteran horsemen, who, inspired, as it were, by
their youthful leader's splendid audacity, hurled back (though
the odds were easily four to one) the desperate onslaught of
Sheridan's bold troopers seeking to pierce the "inner lines" of
the "Richmond Defences."
The city was, indeed, saved, but at a cost second only to the
price paid for victory at "Chancellorsville," where (one year
before almost to the day) Jackson had fallen, and Stuart had
been chosen by Lee as fittest to tal-ce his place in the tumult
of the wavering combat.
As his aide-de-camp, Gamett was one of the three staff-
officers who bore their stricken chief to this city,, where he
quietly passed away the next evening.
To the day of his death, though fifty years and more had
passed, Gamett could never speak, without a sob in his voice,
of that last scene, when his brilliant young chief (he was but
thirty-one) breathed out his heroic soul The same was true
of Major Andrew Reid VenaVjle, another of the staff-officers
who bore him from the field, though Venable had stayed with
him but a few brief moments and had then galloped back to
the front.
It may interest some of you to know that this scene, so feel-
ingly portrayed by our Virginia novelist, John Esten Cooke,
io
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PROCEEDINGS. . xxiii
in his "Alohun," is based entirely on a long letter written to
Cooke (who was also on the Cavalry Head-quarter Staff, but
not present) by Gamett in 1868. Gamett's letter, the original
of which Cooke returned to him and which, later on, he gave to
his life-long friend, Joseph Bryan, President of this Society, is
even more touching in its boyish grief, than the page from the
"practiced" pen of the accomplished man-of-letters. "Every-
one of us," he ends, "was in tears. We had lost our father, our
brother, our friend, our beloved General."
On Stuart's death, Gamett's commission as "A. D. C."
lapsed, but he was immediately re-commissioned first-lieutenant
of cavalry in the "Provisional Army of the Confederate States"
and assigned to the staff of Major-Gen eral William H. F. Lee,
with whom he served during the rest of that wondrous cam-
paign of '64, reckoned by competent military critics as the
greatest that Lee ever waged.
Eariy in the brief, but tragic, campaign of '65, he was pro-
moted Captain and transfeiTed. as "Assistant-Adjutant-Gen-
eral," to the Staff of Brigadier William P. Roberts of North
Carolina, an enterprising and daring young cavalry officer,
under whom he served until the "Surrender" at Appomattox
C. H.
This ended his active career as a soldier, but a soldier in
heart and in outward bearing he remained to the end. His
martial port, his rather swarthy complexion, inherited, no
doubt, from his Spanish ancestry, his firm-set jaw, which not
even the heavy beard could conceal, his quick, decisive, tread
and ringing voice, all proclaimed him a veteran even to the
most careless eye. In truth, t'was in the blood. His mother's
Castilian ancestors had been soldiers in Spain, while on his
father's side his kinsmen had won distinction in every war
waged since the settlement of the Colony— in the French and
Indian wars, in the Revolution, in the War of 1812, and in
Mexico. Above all, he was proud to remember that in the
great struggle in which he himself had borne honorable part,
the name of these kinsmen had been legion— all capable and
valorous soldiers— not least among them, his close cousins.
General Robert Selden Garnett, who yielded up his life in the
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XXIV VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
very first year of the war at Carrick's Ford, and General Richard
Brooke Gamett, who fell at the head of his brigade in Pickett's
immortal charge on the third day at "Gettysburg."
Yet, however martial in outward seeming, Gamett himself
was, in reality, one of the gentlest, the most gracious, and most
lovable of men, and though God had given him the heart of a
lion, He had also given him the heart of a little child.
In the autumn of 18G5, scraping together such meagre funds
as liis immediate family could give him, he entered the Law
School of the University of Virginia. Sprung as well from a
long line of jurists and statesmen, as of soldiers, it was only
natural that he should turn to the law as a profession. But,
beyond that, it is certain that he was influenced in his choice
by the advice of his brother, between whom and himself there
existed a singularly deep devotion. This brother, James
IMcrcer Garnett, who had taken a brilliant M. A. degree at the
University, had at the outbreak of the war, enlisted as a private
soldier in the famous "Rockbridge Battery," and, rising to the
grade of Captain of Artillery in '62, had served gallantly as
Divisional Ordnance Officer on the staff of the lamented Rodes,
and, after the heroic death of that officer at Winchester in Sep-
tember 'G4, on the staft" of Alajor-General Bryan Grimes to the
end. James Garnett, in obedience to his scholarly instincts,
ha\'ing resolved in '05 to make teaching his life-work, had de-
cided to re-enter the University (in which, later on, he was
destined to become full professor) as a simple "Licentiate in
Ancient Languages," and we may be sure that this decision
had much to do with solving "The".'s knotty problem as to his
own future profession.
And, just here, it is not only pertinent, but, indeed, necessary,
even in so slight a sketch as this, that we should pause and con-
sider the unique conditions that existed at the Uni\'ersity dur-
ing the two sessions ('65-'66 and '66-'67), when Gamett was
attending lectures there in the Law School
To essay this may seem to some an irrelevant excursus, but
this is far from true We must know sometliing of his environ-
ment during those years that ushered in his fomial manhood,
if we would know the man himself.
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PROCEEDINGS. ' XXV
As the conditions that existed were unique, equally unique
was the "atmosphere" they created — an "atmosphere" which the
\'outhfuI student drank in with full lungs and which inspired
in him those lofty ideals as to the conduct of life that were to
iufonn well-nigh every act and utterance of his maturer 3'ears.
Ne\'er before and never since have there been two such sessions
in the history of the great institution, which is the pride of the
commonwealth and of the whole South. It was a veritable
era of "plain living and high thinking." The state, harried by
four years of devastating war, lay prostrate and could extend
ixit meagre help to "the child of Jefferson's old age." Every-
where were the outward signs of what is called "poverty," but
it was the "poverty," which the great Greek tragedian, in a
well-known fragment, calls "tlie stem parent who breeds the
more strenuous sons, better fitted for the strife of life." Beside
such "poverty"— the ''panperies nitida" of the Roman poet—
the smug luxury of the rich foundations of this commercial age
seems mean and tawdry.
Never was there gathered within "the well-remembered
gates of Alma Mater" such a band of determined students, a
very large proportion of them, though young in years, veterans
of Lee's arniy, who every day went to class in their faded old
uniforms, making merry over the silly order of the military
satrap who at the time reigned over "District No. 1" (as "the
Mother of Presidents" was then designated), requiring them
(and all other old soldiers) to cover carefull}^ the military but-
tons on their "fighting jackets." Richard Coeur de Lion was
still "in every bush!" No doubt, the "District Commander"
(they soliloquized) was an ass, to descend to such pettiness—
but let it go! — as for themselves, they had no time to give to him
and his covering of buttons.
The perils and privations they had undergone had sobered
them beyond their years, yet, withal, they were a cheerful set.
full of health and vigor (save in a few cases) and touched with
a natural exaltation at the thought that they had done their
duty as good soldiers (as was attested by the many honorable
wounds they could count among them), that they had stuck to
"Ole Mars' Robert" to the last and "seen the thing through;"
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XXvi . VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. '^ v U
and now here they were, safe and sound, with still a fighting
chance to retrieve, in some measure, the educational sacrifices
that they had cheerfully made for hearth and home and coun-
try.
Optimism disdained to "consider too curiously" the very
palpable "res angnsta." They wanted so little, that they felt
that they still had much. Even if things were ill to-day, it
should not be so to-morrow. Hadn't Horace said the identical,
thing nearly two thousand years ago?
* * * Non, si male nunc, et olim
Sic erit. '■'" ' •" ■'" -^
And, so, they buckled afresh to their tasks with hearts as
high as when they charged with vStuart at Aldie or went up the
slopes of "Cemetery Ridge."
Never before was the tie .so close between professors and
students, for it was the tie of comradeship, than which none on
earth is stronger. The professorial staff was^ indeed, small, but
it was of the first order. Many of its members had been
trained in the best universities at home and abroad, and, fired
by unselfish devotion to their state and a proper pride in their
calling, they gave without stint the best that was in them to
their pupils, quite content to share the common lack and to
labor for the most meagre stipend.
Some changes had, indeed, come about in the personnel of the
Faculty since the University had practically closed its doors in
'62 and been turned into a hospital, but they were not many.
Albert Taylor Bledsoe, Professor of Mathematics (who had
been at West Point with Jefferson Davis and been appointed
by him, at the outbreak of hostilities, Assistant Secretary of War)
had, it is true, resigned his chair and gone his way to Baltimore
to edit the "Southern Review" and to write his famous book,
"Is Davis a Traitor?," which carried consternation into the
ranks of Radical demagogues, who had been clamoring for
President Davis's blood, and which, by its inexorable logic and
wealth of constitutional learning, drove the reluctant law-ofticers
of the Government to advise the dismissal of the indictments
against the Confederate Executive. Mr. Davis was never
tried, because the Federal Government was afraid to try him.
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PROCEEDINGS. " XXVii
But Bledsoe's chair had been taken by Colonel Charles Scott
Venable, a brilliant mathematician trained in Germany, whose
martial face and figure were familiar on every battle-field to
old soldiers, who knew him as one of Lee's most alert and daring
staff-officers.
Lewis Minor Coleman, Professor of Latin (the gentle scholar,
whom some of us (the lingering few) still hold fast in our
"heart of heart") had fallen mortally wounded amid his black-
ened guns in the moment of victory on the snow-clad heights
of "Fredericksburg," lieutenant-colonel of the "First Virginia
Artillery" — but in his place came in '66 William E. Peters
(also trained in Germany), who, as colonel of the 21st Virginia
Cavalry, had fallen desperately wounded in the fierce cavalry
combat at "Moorefield" and been left for dead on that san-
guinary field.
Yet another there is of these "fighting professors," who
should find mention here — Basil L. Gildersleeve, now of the
"Johns Hopkins University," the greatest "Grecian" of our time
and one of the greatest scholars of any time — long since so
recognized both in Germany and in England — who, still limping
heavily from the grievous wound, received in "the Valley" while
serving on John B. Gordon's staff, might be seen daily mailing
his way to his lecture-room, where he expounded more brilliantly
than ever to his eager class, out of his own experiences in the
field, the varying fortunes of the Peloponnesian War, as set down
in the matchless pages of Thucydides, elucidating many a puz-
zling bit of strategy by apt illustrations drawn from the recent
contest, in which professor and pupils had alike borne honorable
part as tried comrades. Not seldom, too, would this great
scholar relax for a brief space his inexorable syntactical "grill-
ing" and enliven the close of the lecture-hour by reading aloud
(the reading punctured by tumultuous applause) his o^^^l ex-
quisite and inspiriting translations of the marching-songs of
Tyrtaeus, the rush of whose swift anapests recalled to his
delighted hearers the lilt of their own war-songs, which they had
sung it seemed but yesterday to the rhythmic beat of tramping
feet, as they swung down the "Valley Pike" under "Old Stone-
wall." ' ■ ■ . ■■ ' _-^'
XXVlll VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
Others among the instructors had also served their state in
aiTns, but we may not pause longer to make mention of them.
In the law-class with Garnett, what a bede-roll, had we but
time to call it !
John W. Daniel, still on his crutches (as he was to the last
day of his brilliant career) from the frightful wound he had re-
ceived at the "Wilderness" in '64, and Thomas S. Martin, who,
too young to enter the army until the last year of the war, had
yet seen active service in the Cadet Corps of the "Virginia
Military Institute," sat beside him on the rude wooden benches —
both of them destined to represent Virginia for many years in
the Senate of the United States. There too, of scarcely less
note in after years, sat the brilliant Upshur Dennis of Maryland,
Lunsford Lomax Lewis of Rockingham (afterwards on the
Bench of the Supreme Court of Virginia), and Edward Christian
Minor, who had lost his arm in a Cavalry skiiTnish at Luray in
"the Valley" — all destined to become judges of note, who did
honor to the ermine.
Other future judges there were among these class-mates
of Gamett's (who himself became judge), and, in addition, a
surprising number of men who in after years attained notable
distinction in their profession-among them— William H. White,
who, be it noted, had taken part as a "V. M. I." cadet in the
thrice-glorious battle of "Newmarket") and who became, later
on, Gamett's law-partner in a firm whose high reputation
extended far beyond the boundaries of their native state.
One cannot resist the temptation to set down here that his
most intimate friend (not however in the Law School) was the
late Joseph Bryan (so. long the beloved President of this So-
ciety), his old chum at the "Episcopal High School," who had
been twice wounded while serving as a simple trooper under the
dashing Mosby. Another of these intimates (also in the
"Academic Department") was the lovable and talented Frank
Preston of Lexington, who, like Minor, had lost an arm in
battle ("brave old Frank with the empty sleeve!") and who,
after a brilliant record for headlong valor in the field, and an
equally brilliant record for exquisite scholarship in the uni-
versities at home and in Germany, was struck down by fell
disease in the full flush of his young manhood.
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PROCEEDINGS. *•, ;.^.. ' XXIX
Was there ever a nobler, a more inspiring, chapter in the
educational history of any people! It is a chapter unwritten
before, so far as is known to us, and written here only in part.
But, such as it is, we hold that it finds a fitting place in the pro-
ceedings of this Society, whose aim and jjurpose it is to preserve
and transmit to posterity the veracious record of Virginia's
glory, not alone in Colonial and Revolutionary times, but down
through all the centuries, culminating in those heroic days of
'61-'65, when our Mother attained what future ages will haply
hold the supreme height of her great renown.
In 1867, Garnett took his B. L. degree and "offered for prac-
tice," as the saying used to be, in WaiTcnton, Virginia, mean-
while supporting himself, until the coveted clients should come,
by "fairing classes" in a private school. As nearly the whole
adult population of Warrenton, at the time, consisted of lawyers,
and as there was but a limited number of clients, Ganiett in
1869 left that changing town (which has preserved more of the
fine old distinctive traditions of ante-bellum days than any
place known to us) and moved to Norfolk, but in the same year
began practice in the near-by town of Suffolk. His praciice
was good and remunerative from the start, and his personal
popularity such, that in 1870 he was elected "County Judge"
of Nansemond. This office he held for three years, when he
voluntarily relinciuished it in 1873 and returned to Norfolk,
where he formed a jjai tnership with the brilliant William H. Whi te,
now "President of the Richmond, Fredricksburg & Potomac
Railroad." There he continued in acti\'e practice until his death.
Inadequate as is this sketch, it would be still more imperfect,
did we fail to make mention of the absorbing interest that he
took in all "Confederate activities." As is well known, the
prime puri^oses of these Confederate organizations were (and
are) to render substantial help to such old comrades as, in-
capacitated by disease or wounds, were unable to "make a
living;" next, to "keep the record straight" by driving out of
the public-schools the text-books dealing with the war, which
at that time were crammed with the most brazen perversions of
historical truth; and, lastly, to foster old ties of comradeship
by monthly meetings of the local "camps" (as they are called)
lo
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XXX VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
and by "Grand Reunions," annually, of a certain number of del-
egates from these local organizations.
To a man of his warm and generous temperament, who, in
addition, disdained to the last to be "reconstructed," these
activities appealed irresistibly, and he threw himself into them
with an ardor characteristic of the man. At all the great
"Reunions", both of the "Grand Camp of Virginia" and of the
"United Confederate Veterans," his was alwa3^s a prominent
figure. He especially delighted in the "Re-Unions of the Cav-
alry Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia," and would lay
aside his business and travel many miles to attend them. As a
staff-officer of Stuart's, he knew personally all the officers and
well-nigh all the men of that immortal band of "Rough Riders."
And if he delighted to come, his comrades of all arms of the
service were ten-fold more delighted to welcome him. He had
a gracious heartiness of manner, with never a touch of con-
descension to the humblest of them, that made them "swear by
him." He was always "Captain The.," or, oftencr, "Old The.",
to them, while his own affectionate greeting of these old com-
rades leapt from his eyes ere the lips could form the words.
Not only was he one of the simplest and most genial of men,
but he was possessed of a marvelous memory as to intimate
incidents of the past events in which they had all shared. Be-
sides, he was an admirable raconteur, modest as to the part that
he himself had played, but ever enthusiastic in his generous
praise of those — no matter whether otlncer or private — who had
proved themseh-es good soldiers in the brave old days the}- had
met to recall.
In the great organization, known as the "United Confederate
Veterans" (which, let us thank God, unlike certain other or-
ganizations elsewhere, has kept itself, thus far, uncontaminated
by politics), honor after honor came to him— unsolicited, we
need not say. In 1900, he was placed in command of the first
Brigade of the "Virginia Division," with the rank of Brigadier-
General; in 1906, he was promoted to the command of the
"Virginia Division," with the rank of Major-General; and in
1912, was still further promoted to command the "Department
of Virginia," with the rank of Lieutenant-General. It may have
PROCEEDINGS. , . ' XXXl
been, as some of us old soldiers have always thought, ill-advised
on the part of the organization to have created such high-
sounding military titles, but, in any event, that such posts of
dignity and responsibility should have been accorded him,
c\'idences the great regard and affection in which he was held
by these old comrades, who had seen him tested in the actual
dust and sweat of battle.
Other honors of a different kind also came to him as the
years went by. He w^as made Trustee (as we have seen) of his
old school, and also of the "Virginia Theological Seminary"; a
member of the (Virginia) "State Library Board," and v.^as
elected into the "Alpha Chapter" (at William and Mary Col-
lege) of "Phi Beta Kappa."
So busy was his life as a lawyer in active practice, that the
literary output he has left behind him is meagre, but he was an
eloquent and persuasive speaker and his oration pronounced
at the unveiling of the equestrian statue of his great chief at
Richmond was of very high order of inerit both from a military
and literary point of view. This was expanded later into a
more elaborate monograph and published in Nevv' York in 1C07.
He was, of course, a member of the "Virginia" and also of the
"American" "Bar Associations."
On A|3ril 27th, 1915, he passed away in the midst of his
family, who simply adored him, mourned in no common meas-
ure by liis community, his state that he loved so passionately,
and by countless friends and comrades throughout the whole
country.
By right of birth, he had inherited the highest and best
traditions of Virginia's "Golden Age," and he never once, from
youth to gracious old age, forgot the "noblesse oblige" of his
blood.
Three great influences shaped his career — his experiences in
the field— the high and heroic "atmosphere" of his college life,
and, above all, his unquestioning Christian faith. Of the first
two of these have we spoken. Of the third, abashed in spirit,
we dare not speak at all.
But fortunately there is one — his old comrade, his old pastor,
his loyal kinsman — who can on this point speak with"authority."
iXXX
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XXXn VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
In a notice of his death, which appeared anonymously in the
"Southern Churchman" of June 19, 1915, though known to be
written by his Hfe-long friend, Bishop Beveriey Dandridge
Tucker, of the Diocese of Southern Virginia — a notice of sin-
gular beauty and power — occur these closing words, which may
fitly foiTn the conclusion of this halting tribute to this noble
gentleman :
"Back of all that he was and all that he did was the strength
and the inspiration which com.e only from communion with God.
He served the Lx)rd Christ with the same simplicity and the same
w hole-heartedness with which he had served his State. He
walked humbly with God — and he is not (that is, not here on
earth), because God took him. His memory and the example
of his life abide, and are a i^art of the heritage which comes to
Virginia from a long line of true and chi\-alric sons."
Turning to the death-roll of our "Annual Members," those of
us who are- citizens of Richmond, cannot fail to mark with poig-
nant sorrow how many of our lowns-people, knit to us by ties
of long personal association, are included in the dread list — of
three of whom we can make but bare mention for lack of sfjccilic
information: Mrs. F. M. Bo\kin, a gracious woman of high
intelligence, ^^■ell-known both in society- and in the huml'ler
circle of the hapless jioor, wh.o will keenly miss the generous
largess of her silent benefactions; the amiable and engaging L.
R. Warren; and the learned and accomplished specialist. Dr.
John F. Winn.
Three others there are in the list, who to the very end of their
strenuous careers held so commanding a position in the finan-
cial, industrial, and social life of the city, and who were ever
such potent factors in its moral and economic develojjment,
that, even if no printed memorial were left of them, a great
tradition of their forceful personalities and of their splendid
services v.'ould be certain to endure long after most of us shall
resolve into a mere handful of dust'.
But, as you all know, such printed memorials do exist, and
that too in great volume, written by sympathetic and competent
hands, and it would be, indeed, like gilding refined gold or
painting the lily for us to attempt to add aught to the just
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PROCEEDINGS. .;■,•• ■ XXXlll
eulogies pronounced by them upon these dear friends in the
first poignancy of the city's grief.
Yet, passing over, as being thus familiar to most of you, the
details of their varied activities, it may, perhaps, be allowed us
to set down in these "Minutes" a few bald facts in their re-
spective careers and to add some not impertinent reminiscences
drawn from long and intimate friendshij) with these illustrious
citizens.
First, in order of their "passing," is our old friend. Major
John Patteson Branch.
He was bom in Petersburg, Virginia, December 9th, 1830,
son of Thomas Branch and of Sarah Pride Read, his wife, and
seventh in descent from Christopher Branch and Mary, his
wife, who migrated to Virginia in the good ship, "London Mer-
chant," in 1619-20. You will find the story of his thrifty,
God-fearing, forebears for well-nigh three centuries all set down
in the delightful pages of the volume entitled "Branchiana,"
compiled by his great-nephew, James Branch Cabell, who en-
joys the distinction, well-nigh unique in letters, of being at
once a brilliant novelist and an accurate, painstaking, genealo-
gist.
He received a sound education from a sound old schoolmaster
(who would have been horrified, if designated by the hideous
name of "educator"), but he had always been a delicate lad,
and, suffering a "break-down" just at the time when he should
have entered Randolph-Macon College (of which institution
he. was, in after years, to become a "Trustee," LL.D., and most
munificent benefactor), he entered the counting-house of his
father, who was both commission-merchant and banker, be-
sides being Mayor of the staunch little town on the Appomattox.
There he remained until the storm of war broke in April,
1861, when he at once enlisted in the "44th Virginia BattaHon"
of infantry, commanded by the gallant Fletcher Archer, who
had won laurels in Mexico as a valorous youth, and who was
again to prove himself an admirable soldier despite his years.
In this command, young Branch rose to be first-lieutenant,
but it was not long before his characteristic energy, native
shrewdness and fine administrative ability attracted the favor-
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able notice of his superiors, and he was soon transferred, with
added rank, to the Quarter-Master Department, where he ren-
dered most valuable and eflficient service to the end.
At the close of the war, he rejoined his father in business and
in banking in Petersburg, and in 1871 accomj^anied him to this
city, whither the elder Branch had determined to transfer his
rapidly expanding mercantile and banking interests. In that
year, Thomas Branch established here the "Merchants' National
Bank," and, on his death in 1881, the son succeeded him.
Of his commercial and financial successes, solid and brilliant
as they were, we do not propose to speak, nor yet of his religious
and philanthropic activities. As already indicated, these have
been set down at length elsewhere by those better equipped for
the pious task than we can pretend to be. They have told us
in specific detail of his splendid benefactions to the poor, to the
church, to education, and of his equally splendid achievements
in finance— and, as well, of his commanding energy and unerring
sagacity in shaping and guiding to full fruition numberless
activities looking to the social betterment of his fellow-men.
For ourselves, we love best to tliink of him (and, in the main,
to speak of him) simply as of an old friend, whom we knew long
and well, in days of sunshine and of storm — one who is forever
associated in heart and brain with others of his time, whose
forms and faces we shall see no more save in happy dreams.
Of the few personal recollections here offered, some of them,
perchance, may seem so trivial as to border on flippancy, but
they are none the less characteristic, and find their place in any
veracious picture of the man as he moved among us.
What struck one as especially distinctive of the man was his
immense capacity for mastering the details of any subject that
interested him. Like all "bom financiers," he possessed quick
imagination and, after mastering the details, he intuitively saw
the meaning hidden beneath the mass of minutiae, and acted
promptly, while other men, seeing nothing, dallied and doubled.
He not only had this capacity, but he had a distinct fondness
for details, and that, too, quite as much in matters of purely
l^ersonal import as in financial problems. He tliought with
Pope that "the proper study of mankind is man," and often
PROCEEDINGS. XXXV
in conversation he would propound about men and about in-
cidents innumerable questions that betokened, no doubt, to many
merely an idle curiosity. He was quite aware of what was thought.
Some of us, who knew him well enough to "chaff" him, would
sometimes laughingly say to him that his inquisitiveness was
as great as his acquisitiveness, and he would laugh back and
accept the friendly quip \\^th great good humor. But, in truth,
it was no idle curiosity. Oftener than not, he was weighing
in his mind whether some plausible appeal made to his gener-
osity was really a deserving one, and he was thus seeking by
what old Polonius calls "assays of bias" to resolve his doubt.
In matters of opinion he was one of the most tolerant of men.
Yet he held most decided views on all "burning questions"
that arose in community, state or nation, and had a most origi-
nal and incisive manner of stating what he held to be the truth
in the matter. Nor was he ever backward in giving utterance
to his convictions. He practiced with fearless vigor what
Archbishop Whately preached: "It is not enough to believe
what you maintain. You must maintain what you believe,
and maintain it because you believe it."
But opposition excited not a scintilla of resentment in his
bosom, and, if the arguments adduced by those who held dif-
ferent views seemed sound to him, he was never ashamed to
change his mind.
Yet, in the main, like most men who "do their own thinking,"
as the homely phrase hath it, he was tenacious of opinion. He
was absolutely independent of judgement in the bestowal of
his charities, great and small. He gave, not because other
people gave, or because other people thought that he ought to
give. He investigated personally the cases of his smaller
charities, whenever possible, and his munificent benefactions
were the result of most careful pondering. But it must be
added that, nine times out of ten, he decided that he ought to
give, and he gave, then, with a lavish hand.
Like most men of original mind, he cared little for "prece-
dent" or any so-called "authority" — always excc])ting in mat-
ters of religion. There, as has already been set down, he held
the Bible, from cover to cover, to be the inspired word of God
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XXXVi VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
and he accepted it, from first line to last, with the meek sub-
mission of a little child and a simple faith that knew no turning.
In social life, he was one of the most genial and kindly and
companionable of men. He belonged to all the clubs, but he
very rarely went to them. He was at his best in his own home,
where he constantly dispensed a gracious and profuse hos-
pitality. He was an admirable talker, his conversation being
marked by great shrewdness of obser\'ation dashed with humior.
He had travelled extensively in Europe at various times — his
family, indeed, lived in Paris for several years — and his original
observations on the life of the "old world" were both instructive
and amusing.
Of his domestic life, this is not the place to speak beyond the
barest allusion. In 1863, in the midst of the war, he had mar-
ried Miss Mary Louise Kerr in Petersburg. It was in all
respects an ideal union, and the death of this accomlished
woman in 1896, after thirty-three years of unclouded happiness
to both, was a blow from which he never altogether recovered.
It was in her memory that, in after 3'ears, he erected a mag-
nificent "donnitory" at Randolph-Macon College. Another one
he, later on, erected in memory of his father, whom he greatly
revered.
To his children he was the fondest, the most indulgent, of
fathers, and these children, in turn, encompassed him, in the
long widowed years, with such sweet previsions, bom of respon-
sive devotion, as made his old age an unusually bright and happy
one.
On the evening of February 2nd, 1915, surrounded by these
sorrowing children (all save one, who was far away overseas)
and by others of his immediate family, in the eighty-fifth year
of his age, yet with the fresh, unquestioning, faith of a little
child, he "crossed the bar" and, with no shadow of misgiving,
went to "meet his Pilot face to face."
On the evening following the death of Major Branch, Rich-
mond was again called upon to mourn the "passing" of a man,
whose exceptional abilities had long assured him high place
among the foremost of her "captains of industry," while his
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PROCEEDINGS. XXXVii
delightful personality had caused him to be universally regarded
as one of the chief ornaments of her society.
Like Major Branch, he had passed the hmit of four-score,
and, like him, he had preserved unimpaired, long after he had
passed that limit, the vigor of his intellect and a freshness of
feeling that we rarely associate with old age.
This man was Alexander Cameron, who died on the evening
of February 3rd, 1915, in the 83rd year of his age.
Of him, it is but seemly that some mention should be found
in the "Minutes" of this Society, prefacing that we shall, in the
main, speak only of his personal characteristics, touching but
in briefest fashion on the phenomenal industry, capacity and
boldness in business affairs, which enabled him, with no ad-
ventitious aids, to achieve a great fortune that ran into the
millions.
Briefly: ;■•;;'!,
Alexander Cameron, son of Alexander Cameron, was bom
November 1st, 1832, at Granton, a small Highland village of
Invemesshire, on the pleasant river Spey. All his life he was
proud of being "an Inverness man," and, had he lived but a few
months longer, he had been made prouder still, because of the
splendid exploits of the men of Inverness at Ypres and Loos.
On the death of his father, he, then but thirteen years of age,
came to Virginia with his mother, who settled in Petersburg.
After brief schooling, he began his business life with Mr. David
Dunlop; later on, securing a position with Mr. Edmund Har-
rison Osborne. These two, at the time, ranked chief among
the "tobacco magnates" of the "Cockade City," and under
them he acquired minute and thorough knowledge of the mys-
teries attending the manipulation of the "divine weed" before
it was ready for the marts of the old world.
Had either of these conservative old "manufacturers" been
told that their young assistant, always so pleasant-tempered,
alert, and dependable, would one day estabHsh (in conjunction
with his two brothers) a business destined to send its "output"
to the four quarters of the globe, and that, in time, he would
think in millions where they had tiiought in thousands, they
would have deemed the prophet daft. Yet that was just what
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fortune (who "truckles to the bold alone") had in store for these
three keen-eyed and quick-witted young "Inverness men," each
oneof whom was endowed with the "grit," enterprise and "hard
Scotch sense," so signally characteristic of the race from which
they spi-ung. It is pleasant to add that one of these old-fash-
ioned "magnates" Hved to sec it, and, without a scintilla of envy,
was tremendously proud of his impil's dazzling achievements.
From the very start, the business established by the three
brothers prospered, and, the war coming on, they, in addition,
engaged in "blockade-running" and there, too, scored an enor-
mous success. You must go to the voluminous notices, that
appeared in the press tlu-oughout the whole country at the time
of Alexander Cameron's death, if you care to follow the history
and titles of the firms established in various cities in this
country and in Australia by these brothers, as their business
expanded in magnitude.
For the present purpose, it is enough to say that in 18G8,
Alexander Cameron left Petersburg, came to Richmond (just
as Major Branch was to do three years later), and established
here branch factories, under the title of "Alexander Cameron
& Co." (All of these businesses were, some ten or twelve years
ago, sold to the "British-American Tobacco Company.")
He was then a little over five-and-thirty years old, and, as
some of you, no doubt, remember, a singularly handsome man,
as he was, indeed, to the day of his death. From the first, he
scored quite as marked a success in society, as he had done in
business. Small wonder, for he was possessed of all the quali-
ties that make a man popular alike with men and women.
He was young, handsome, rich, was absolutely "independent"
and despised a snob, while his whole face and bearing were
instinct with the "joie de vivre."
Then came the sudden crowning happiness of his life, which
gave society a distinct "sensation." Perhaps (we speak with
caution for obvious reasons), the "reigning belle" of Riclimond
at that time was Miss Mary Haxall, daughter of R. Barton
Haxall, esq., of this city. She had great beauty, high birth,
brilliant wit, and would some day have a comfortable fortune.
Suitors were many, but she seemed in no hun-y to choose.
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PROCEEDINGS. ' XXxix
Then, suddenly, in rode our handsome Scot, like another bold
"Young Lochinvar," and carried off the brilliant maid, while
many an amazed swain stood "dangling his bonnet and plume."
Later on, her equally brilliant and beautiful sister married Cap-
tain Robert E. Lee, youngest son of our great Confederate
chieftain.
It was a happy union, blessed with numerous children, and
their home here, to the day of his death (which preceeded hers
by but little over half a year), was a recognized social centre,
where the cleverest men and most accomplished women of the
day gathered around the witty hostess and hospitable master
of the house with delightful informality, everybody feeling sure
of hearty and gracious welcome.
One pauses, from time to time, to consider whether one is
merely a "temporis acti laudator," when he finds, or fancies
that he finds, lacking in the society of to-day the indefinable
charm that penneated that simple and kindly society of some
thirty or forty years ago. At any rate, if memory may be
counted on at all, the society that gathered so often in the
drawing-rooms of the Camerons at the time, and that kept
the ball flying to and fro with nimble wit and flashing repartee,
was in no wise akin to the "Society" satirized by Byron in
"Don Juan" as "a polished horde" composed of "bores and
bored."
In these gatherings, the brilliant hostess reigned supreme, and
we were all proud to acknowledge her undisputed sovereignty.
But there were other gatherings under that hospitable roof-
tree, when the master of the house was the central figure, as a
sort of "Epularum arbiter," and when all of us, for a single
night, at least, resolved ourselves into a band of "brither
Scots" and joined him, in song and in impromptu speech, in
celebrating the historic glories of the "Land o' Cakes."
We have already adverted to the fact that he was intensely
proud (always in his modest way) of being an "Inverness man."
He was equally proud that he belonged to the clan of which
"Lochiel" was the head, and a portrait of this chief (then
Colonel Donald Cameron of Achnacarry), Lieutenant-Colonel
of the "Cameron Highlanders," always hung in the hall of his
town-house.
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Devoted son as he was of the state of his adoption and ever
ready by purse and brain to further her interests, lil-ce Burns,
his "heart" was "in the Highlands," and he loved every inch
of "Auld Scotia's" bonnie heather "frae Maidenkirk to Johnie
Groat's."
Now, in the >'ears we are speaking of, some of his Scotch
friends never failed to send him annually a munificent present
of Scotch pheasants, and thus every year occurred what was
reckoned the social event of the season (so far as "mere man"
was concerned), known in society as "Cameron's Pheasant
Supper." The Governor, judges of the Supreme Court, law-
yers, doctors, bankers, business men, were all hospitably bidden,
and no man was ever known to decline.
Cameron, always the soul of hospitality, was in his element.
His genial temper that shone in his face and sounded in the
deepening burr of his voice (which distinctive mark of a Hie'-
lander, by the way, he never lost), his manifest eagerness to
make everyone happy— all combined to render these gather-
ings the delight of his guests.
The pheasants (which in good old Scotch fashion were always
brought in "in their feathers") were "high" and "a morsel fit
for the gods" while the "Wickham Madeira of '30" (which had
"doubled the Cape") was worthy accompaniment, and there was
great jollity and many a merry quip and much harmless laughter.
It was not so far back in the past, as men count time, and yet,
it sometimes seems a thousand years ago. It was, at any rate,
a time when gentlemen had not been reduced to the pass of
having their "daily walk" mapp-ed out for them by legislative
enactment and when such phrases as "moral uplift," "service,"
"self -consecration," and "a quickening of the public conscience"
("soiled with all ignoble use," as Tennyson sang of the "name
of gentleman") had not yet attained their rubricated pre-emi-
nence in the Liturgy of Cant.
Mark you, there was no sort of excess. Gentlemen simply
clung to their old-fashioned notions as to the liberty of the in-
dividual and did not think that a man was necessarily going
straight to perdition if he offered a gentleman a glass of wine
at his board— just as Washington and the Lees and John Mar-
PROCEEDINGS. ' ' xli
shall and all the other great Virginians had been wont to do,
when Virginia guided the destinies of the nation.
Even so slight a sketch as this would fall far short of truthful
delineation, if it did not emphasize the fearless candor, simplicity
and modesty of the man. He despised shams of every sort
and could be very direct of speech whenever they came into
evidence, no matter how plausible the guise. On the other
hand, his unaffected modesty touching his own achievements
was immensely attractive. He had started at the foot of the
ladder, and by sheer "grit," intelligence and industry had mount-
ed to the top, and when, in time, he had reached what to so man}''
others has proved a dizzy height that made them "lose their
heads," he lost neither head nor balance, but remained the same
quiet, kindly, unostentatious gentleman that he had ever been.
Still another trait that made him most lovable was his great
kindness to young men, who were striving to "make their way
in the world." This man, rich in experience, was never too
busy to listen to their troubles or perplexities, to give them
freely of his counsel, and, if needs be, of material help.
He and his wife were keen travellers — in Europe and in the
East — had, both, been "presented at Court" in England, and had
made many delightful friends all over the world. Even after
he was four-score, he preser\'ed, as has been hinted above, to a
most remarkable degree a fresh and eager interest in men and
in events, and his virile bearing and conversation no whit
suggested the veteran lagging superfluous on the stage.
But the lethal stroke was destined soon to fall.
In June of last year, at his beautiful country-place in Orange
County, "Cameron Lodge," whither he had gone, as usual, for
the summer months, he suffered his first stroke of paralysis.
He recovered somewhat and took up again, to a certain extent,
his interests in life. But, in reality, he was never the same man
again.
He was brought to his town-house in Richmond early in the
autumn, where he later suffered a second stroke, and his famil}'
gathered about him knew that the end was not far off. Yet so
vigorous was his constitution, that he lived on for several months.
In January of this year, he suffered the third and fatal stroke,
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Xlii VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
which rendered him an easy prey to pneumonia, which fell
disease carried him off on the evening of February 3rd. It is
no mean consolation to his old friends to know that the end
was absolutely free of pain.
In the contemplation of a life so rich in achievement, so
I manly, candid and modest, so rooted in the precepts of the
j "Golden Rule," and, withal, so kindly and beneficent to his
( fellows, one can surely say of him, as Carlyle said of Walter
j Scott, "When he departed, he took a Man's life with him."
[ Of this notable trio of "Captains of industry" and of finance —
: three of the greatest that have ever adorned the annals of
i Richmond — by far the youngest was James N. Boyd. Indeed,
i he was not yet bom when Branch and Cameron were young
' men, who had already begun their successful careers.
' As his most salient characteristic was innate sincerity, it is
I specially seemly that the events of his busy life should be set
down with like simplicity.
James Nalle Boyd, son of John W. Boyd and of his wife,
Virginia Nalle, also grandson of the Rev'd John H. Boyd, of
Scotch ancestry, was bom in this city. May 28th, 1850. He was,
thus, not quite eleven years old when the great "War Between
the States" began. Yet, his was the marvellous good fortune,
through an alert and daring spirit, to share, in some measure,
in the great events that constitute Virginia's paramount claim
to be counted among the heroic jjeoples of the earth.
In May, 1864, when Sheridan's enterprising horsemen sought
to force the inner line of fortifications of this city on the "Brook
Road," the high-spirited lad quietly sHpped away from home
and stood in the trenches, shoulder to shoulder, musket in
hand, with the local battalion that behaved with great finnness
under attack and finally balked the ambitious attcmijt of
Grant's alert chief of cavalry.
When Richmond was evacuated, April 2nd, 1865, not yet
fifteen years of age, he slipped away again, and, joining a
veteran infantry regiment, shared with it the hardships, and
participated in the actions in which it was engaged, during llie
tragic "Retreat," which culminated in "the Surrender" at
Appomattox C. H.
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PROCEEDINGS. xliii
It was foreign to his modest nature to be proud of anything,
but this was the one thing in his hfe of which he was unques-
tionably proud in his quiet fashion, and he remained an ardent
"Confederate" down to the day of his death.
When, after "the vSurrender," he made his toilsome way
(afoot and in casual freight-cars) back to Riclmiond, he found
the city (at least, the business portion of it) a mass of smoulder-
ing ashes and, at the same time, found himself, as most of us
did, without a single penny in his pocket.
But he was a sturdy, well-set-up, lad, older than his years,
with frank, open, manners (as he was to the last), had been well
grounded in "the rudiments" by a thorough school-master of
the fine, old-fashioned, type, and, above all, was endowed with
the traditional Scotch common-sense and indomitable "grit,"
which came to him by inheritance.
To all such, the wide world over, poverty is a stimulus and no
handicap.
He almost at once secured a subordinate position with the
famous firm of Thomas & Oliver, at that time the recognized
heads of the leaf-tobacco trade, and under them learned thor-
oughly the details of the business. In later years, thanks to
this training, it was said of him by men who were "experts"
themselves that he was the finest judge of leaf tobacco on "the
Exchange."
It is not our purpose to follow minutely the successive stages
of his wonderful business career. In the elaborate notices that
appeared in the public press at the time of his death, you will
find it all set out in detail— how, as this lad grew to manhood,
he became, in time, head of a great "leaf-tobacco" house-
President of one of the leading banks, not only of Richmond,
but of the whole South— President of a powerful Trust Com-
pany—President of the "Tobacco Exchange"— recognized
leader in the "Chamber of Conmierce"— Director in many
Corporations. All this, while a testimony to his thrift and
sagacity, will inevitably, in time, sink into oblivion.
But there is one great tradition of him that shall endure.
Richmond is by no means a big city, as cities are rated in this
twentieth century. Yet as Zaragossa (far smaller in popula-
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Xliv VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
tion than our own town) is reckoned "great" by lofty souls,
who count self-abnegation and constancy and antique valor
above multitudinous aggregations of brick and mortar, so, for
the same reason, is Richmond's place assured among the
"great" cities of the world. But her proud, defiant, port during
four 3'ears of war, when she stood girdled by steel and fire — the
antique patriotism that made her strong, at the last, to meet
with unshaken front the very stroke of fate — this, noble and
splendid as it is, is not her only claim to be reckoned "great."
When she fell well-nigh in throes of annihilation, another
tragic blow was yet to smite her.
At the "Evacuation," a devastating conflagration swept over
the proud capital and left the whole business section in hapless
desolation.
As poets and historians will continue to celebrate her glories
in war, so, we may rest sure, shall one day be told in all its
noble austerity the wondrous story of her rehabilitation — her
resurrection from the ashes of what seemed to the outside
world irretrievable disaster.
It was done, not in a day nor in a year, nor was it done by
any alien help. It took many days — nay, not a few years — •
but it was done, and supremely done, through the dogged in-
dustry and indomitable spirit of the very men who had hedged
her round with stubborn steel during the driving storm of war.
Whenever that story is written, 3'ou will find the name of
James Nalle Boyd conspicuous on every page.
This, we repeat, is the tradition of him that shall longest
abide. It is not too much to say that from that pinched be-
ginning until Richmond flowered out into a beauty and solid
opulence that eclipsed all her former material glories, there
was no undertaking, however large or small, looking to the
moral or material advancement of his native town, in which
this devoted son of hers did not do his full part in manly, wise
and generous fashion.
There is no need to dwell in this presence on his engaging
personality. Long shall we miss on our streets his handsome,
leonine, face, his hearty, gracious, greeting, the engaging sim-
plicity of his manner to gentle and simple alike. In all sorts
^ , VI PROCEEDINGS. K. ■ xlv
of charities and benevolent organizations, he ever took a most
active and intelHgent part. There was not one of them that did
not lean on his wise counsels, and all men recognized that his
was the open eye to discern clearly where aid should be promptly
rendered, the open heart to sympathize, the open hand to give.
Especially will he be long missed by the "Police" and the
"Firemen's" "Benevolent Associations," to both of which he
gave freely of his time and money.
He was equally generous and active in all Confederate or-
ganizations, and he literally fell "in harness" working for the
success of the "Grand Re-union of United Confederate Veter-
ans," that took place here last June. Night and day, though
the mortal disease already held him in its fell grip, he remained
at "Reunion Head-Quarters" arranging, as "Chairman of the
Finance Committee," countless details for the comfort and
entertainment of the coming veterans. But, alas! when the
longed-for gala days came, and his old comrades marched with
drum-corps and band and tattered, grimy, battle-flags within
a stone's throw of his house, the shadow of death was hovering
over him, and he could only send them (as he did) the blessing
of a soldier, who was slowly passing over the river to the great
bivouac "Beyond."
Of his religious life, we can only say simply that from boy-
hood on, through all the years of strenuous and varied activi-
ties, his whole being was saturated with unaffected piety. For
twenty-six years he was a Vestryman of "All Saints' Church,"
and the "Resolutions" passed at his death by his colleagues
portray with touching eloquence the beauty and steadfastness
of his Christian faith.
After several months of suffering, which he bore with serene
constancy and courage, came the fateful day, September 6th,
1915, when Death's bright angel placed within his dying hand
(as Milton finely says in "Comus")
That golden key,
That opes the palace of Eternity.
II'V.
'Tis a far cry, indeed, from the imperious activities of these
three great capitaHsts to the scholarly investigations of the
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xlvi VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
expert genealogist and antiquarian, Mr. Lothrop Withing-
TON, whose tragic fate will long be mourned, not alone by mem-
bers of this Society, but by many historical specialists both at
home and abroad.
As he had lived most of his life in London since reaching man -
hood, most people conversant with his work thought him an
Englishman; but such was not the fact. He was of pure, un-
hyphenated, American strain on both sides of his house and never
gave up his American citizenship, though, as years went by, his
devotion to his adopted home became well-nigh as intense as
that of any Londoner "bom within the sound of Bow bells."
Briefly, he was bom January 31st, 185G, in the little village
of Newbury, which Hes contiguous to the ancient "home of the
whalers," Newburyport, Massachusetts, and, as we have indi-
cated above, came of undiluted New England stock. The love
of letters was in his blood. His father, Nathan Noyes Withing-
ton, was a clever joumalist, well-known through New England
for his incisive editorials, while his grandfather, the Rev'd Leonard
Withington, D. D., a graduate of Yale in the early years of the
nineteenth century, was a scholarly divine of the old-fash-
ioned type, who, in his long span of ninety-six years, wrote not
a few books, chiefly polemic theology, which were, indeed,
highly praised in the pages of the ''North American Review."
though it may well be doubted whether his "unorthodox"
grandson ever found time to glance through any of them.
As a lad, young Withington went in and out of the offices of
the "Newburyport Herald" which his father edited, learned to
set type while still a school-boy, and, shortly after graduating
from the "Putnam High School," secured, to his great delight, a
position in the "Government Printing Oftice" at Washington.
Here he worked hard, thriftily saving his salary, while living
the life of a young Spartan, and was thus enabled, within a
twelve month, to realize his dream of seeing the wonders of
the Old World. He first went to Paris, where he seems to have
lived for a full year, revelling in the galleries, Hbraries and
theatres of that fascinating capital, meanwhile practicing his
"l)rentice hand" in writing trenchant criticisms of all that he
saw for the columns of the local paper in his native town.
\t) cTTJbrTOW
PROCEEDINGS. xlvii
From Paris, he, not unnaturally, drifted over to London, and
though, for a time, he came back to his New England home.
the world s capital-' (for so it is) had laid its nameless spell
upon him, and m the eariy '80's back he went to what was
practically his home to the last.
^ Apparently, the purpose had gradually been shaping itself
m lus mind to devote hiznself to specialistic historical study and
■ settling down m "Little Russell Street," under the very slLow
of the Bntish Museum, delving daily deeper and deeper into the
only-partially explored mines of its incomparable MS riches
TlTT"tT^.^""7l'^'''^' "^^ '' "^^y ^^ ''''^y s^id that.'
at last, he had "found himself." His industry was prodigious
his flatr m picking up obscure clues was almost unerring and
It was not long before he became known to a small band of
fellow-craftsmen as a man who "knew his business." From
speciahstic historical study to genealogy it is but a step-in-
deed, the two are often so closely interwoven as to blend-and
1. was finally as an expert genealogist that he achieved what is
likely to prove his most lasting claim to remembrance
The histoncal work that he did was, it is true, recoanized as
admirable of its kind-an edition of the "a.^^.c/..'- thaVgo
under the name of "HoUnsked-'-and one or two Elizabethan
monographs-but they were really never widely known anS
brought him no great reputation, and even less money, from
the outside world. y , ^ium
But, on the other hand, he had won an assured place among
the elect genealogists, who find their "happy huntir.^-
Kround in "the Museum" and "Public Records Office" and
Somerset House," and, as his reputation grew, there came to
him a numerous cUentele of well-to-do Americans of good
hx Mith definitive exactness the degree of their kinship to
md rj TT"' ""''''"'■ ^^^' ''-''''' ^^' '^ 1^- taste
and the tees highly remunerative.
Such was his position and the happy tenor of his life, when
some twelve 3'ears ago, happening on a copy of our Magazine
bv t'hV: ^\%^"^f ;^— or elsewhere, he was attracted
by the careful work done by our Editor, and at once wrote
<J ff.V
xlviii VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
offering to contribute to its pages. We could offer him no
remuneration, but, like the true scholar that he was, he cared
nothing for money, and from that time until his untimely end
there is scarcely a number of our Magazine that is not enriched
by some contribution from his generous pen.
Not only did he contribute during these years his delightful
"Gleanings from English Wills," which have proved so attrac-
tive to our readers, but he transcribed with laborious exactness
from the originals in the British Museum and elsewhere his-
torical documents of grave imjjort, of which some of the best-
known historians had previously possessed but imperfect
knowledge.
It would be idle for us to reiterate here what we have said
in Report after Report during the past ten or twelve years
touching the significant value of these "Gleanings." Not only
do they shed instructive side-lights on the social life and econo-
mic development of the Colony, but they abound in precise
biographical details that clear up many obscurities in the public
and private lives of some of our foremost "Worthies" of the
Seventeenth and Eighteenth centuries.
To recall to you but a few instances out of many — in the
cases of the Royal governors. Captain Francis West, Sir John
Harvey, Kemp, Digges, Nott and Dinwiddie — of "pious JMr.
Whitaker," and that staunch Royalist, Rev'd Philip Mallory,
"very diligent in the advancement of religion in this country"
(to quote from the resolutions of the Assembly of 1660-61) —
of the Virginia historical writers, William Strachey and William
Bullock — of the barely-known "Councillors," George Ivlinifie
and William Tucker — of the dauntless "Physician-General of
Virginia," Lawrence Bohune, whose dying utterances, as he
fell mortally wounded on the deck of Captain Chester's ship
in her action against two Spanish men-of-war in the Vv^est
Indies (March, 1621), are fit match for those of that valorous
old "sea-dog," Sir Richard Grenville of "the little Revenge,"
immortalized by Tennyson — of that "compleat sparkish
Gentleman" (as Mr. Commissary Blair sneeringly called him)
and dashing soldier, Colonel Daniel Parke, Jr., who for his
headlong valor at "Blenheim" was singled out by Marlborough
.av
PKOCELDIN-GS. ' ^j;^
on whose staff he was a volunteer) to bear tidings of the
tamons v.etory" to Her Majesty. Queen Anne, the latter in
reeog.,t,on of the joyful news, giviny h.m her portrait set "
d,amonds-,„ all of these instances (and we could muUp"
hem), we are enabled through the precise details given in the e
a.a«„„s - to fill-in with an assured hand much that was
vague or blurred m the traditional portraiture of these "VVor
h,es and >n not a few eases, to reconcile apparent eontrad^c-
tions m their respective careers. oniraaic
Of the -historical documents of grave import" which he
transcnbed for us, from time to time, and to wlrieh u" have
• R^orttrJh ?°^'% P-»aps. the most significant w^ the
Report of the Surrender of Virginia to the Parliamentary
Commissioners, March. IG51-52." Until it appeared in the
pages of our Magazine (Vol. XI. pp. 32-41), it had" t before
Ma> 0th, 1652), a contemporary news-sheet (now in the
Bntish Museum), which latter was evidently as unknown to
histonans as was the original in the State Paper Office The
eonsequence has been that they have written vague y when
the hi tory of the Colony. A careful reading of it proves
beyond peradventure, that not only has our own delilht^ul old
dftXoT h^s'°" M™''k"""*^=^ ''^^'>' - - i™ --
sIm el R r„ H "' 'l ^"' "'"' " *>'^«'''" 'han Beverley,
Samuel R. Gardiner, in his well-known ■'Commonwealth aid
Protectorate," has gone still further astray
„1i?ri-T''^'.'"'''^'^' ^"^ "' '° enumerate fully and fairly
ed trirnd'lrtr^ ^^^^ ^-^ °^™ '° "^-^ --• <"- -
ested fnend. But there is a special service of his which
hough mentKin of it has been made in previous krorts'
should agam be dwelt on in this slight memorial, as illustrit^ne
oflrma:'""' "^ "'"■■ ^^"''^^-^ '"^ ^'"-- ""'<•- ^--i ty
In 1911, he ascertained in some way that this .Society was
most amnions to have transcribed by an expert, with v iew Mo
General Cert of Virginia, the originals of which, as you afi
know, are in the "Congressional Library" at WashinTton
L... ,....-
ni 9onfino(irat omi
\..
liihft
ijio-vS
(V r
ff Jr. 'y-jiiiiii.I fc. >" udJ ni 9-aj
1 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. .
As some few of you also know, the crabbed hand-writing and
bewildering abbreviations employed by the various scribes
who recorded these "Minutes," render them almost unde-
cipherable except by a trained and liighly intelligent expert.
The employment of such an expert (as Mr. Withington well
knew) was far beyond the reach of the slender purse of our
association. At once, he volunteered to do the work himself,
expressly stipulating that he was to receive no sort of remunera-
tion. Nay, more than this did he do, later on. In the midst
of tliis "labor of love," his own imperious engagements in
London forbade his making his usual annual visit to America,
at which time it was his custom to work hard over his self-
imposed task. But not for a moment did he turn from his
voluntary promise. He at once caused "photostatic" copies
of large portions of the "Miniites" to be made at his own ex-
pense by experts in the "Congressional Library" and sent over
to him. These he found time to decipher and forthwith des-
patched them to our Secretary. Even for this outlay out of
his own pocket, he declined to be re-imbursed, laughingly
putting aside the insistence of our Secretary and pretending
with rare delicacy that it was a matter of trivial moment,
which we knew that it was not.
In order to appreciate the full extent of this large-hearted
generosity, you must bear in mind that he was, in the language
of his craft, a "high-priced man," who could readily transmute
every moment of his precious time into minted "coin of the
realm."
His generosity was, indeed, so ready and persistent, that our
Secretary, in a sort of comic dismay, was finally driven to con-
fess that he was afraid to mention to him any rare historical
document, of which he specially wished a copy, lest Withington
should at once insist on sending it to the Society.
There can be no doubt, in truth, that this enthusiastic anti-
quarian, whose whole soul was in his chosen field, entertained
a peculiar affection for the Society in whose behalf he had
labored so long and so unselfishly. In fact, he came, in time,
to consider himself a member of our regular staff.
-i.
,L
a.
Oi
Mixnm
PROCEEDINGS. ll
Whenever he ran across the seas to have a gUmpse of old
scenes and old friends and near kinsmen, he always came to Rich-
mond for a flying visit, spending nearly every moment of his
time at the "Society House," where he was ever sure of cordial
welcome. Small wonder, for he was a man of what our ances-
tors were wont to term "engaging manners," an "original"
and incisive talker, v/ho possessed the happy "Art of Putting
Things," and might, in consequence, count on welcome wher-
ever men of "light and leading" gathered for social converse.
He paid his last visit to us towards the end of April of this
year, and was never in better spirits nor more enthusiastic
as to his work (then in hand or already planned) for the coming
years. He was carrying back to London with him a large port-
folio of the "photostatic reproductions," already mentioned,
which he was to decipher and soon send back to us. Other
things of a like kind he characteristically proposed to do for
the Society.
At the beginning of the next month, he set sail for England
in the ill-fated "Lusitama," and on May 7th, he, along with
other non-combatants, with helpless women and still more
helpless children, was done to death by the stealthy hand of a
miscreant, "whom 'twere gross flattery to name a coward."
Whoever he may be, he and his fellow-miscreant, von Bissing,
who murdered Ediih Cavell, may for a few brief years flaunt
upon their breast the "Iron Cross," bestowed by an approving
Kaiser, but on the forehead of each stupid malefactor God
Himself has stamped the "mark of Cain."
The last seen of Withington (according to a letter written
by a fellow-passenger, Mr. Harold Boulton of London) was
that, not taking time to secure a life-belt for himself, he was
cheerily helping to put the women and children into the few
boats that could be lowered. To alter Hamlet but a trifle,
"Look here upon this picture, and on thaty
As men count years, Mr. Withington was not a young man,
and yet, when we contemplate his amazing physical vitality,
his intense alertness of mind, and the undimmed flame of his
enthusiasm for his chosen work, we cannot choose but think
of him as another "Lycidas" "dead ere his prime," whose un-
'.X J
111 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
toward fate, closely akin to Withington's own, has been com-
memorated in one of the noblest threnodies of our English
tongue. And while it is not vouchsafed to us to attain the lofty
note that has immortalized that more famous Lycidas, "floating
upon his watery bier, and weltering to the parching wind," it
may yet be allowed us to attest here in humblest fashion and
in homeliest sincerity, that, outside his im.mediate family and
the small circle of his intimates, Lothrop Withington will no-
where be mourned more deeply and unaffectedly in death than
in this "Old Dominion," for the perpetuation of whose historic
glories he had in the fulness of life wrought so long and well.
Although this Report has already far transcended in volume
the limits proposed, duty bids us pause to make mention, even
though it must be in briefest fashion, of one, who for more than
five-and-twenty 3'ears was an enthusiatic member of this
Society — the distinguished Kentuckian, Lucas Brodhead, who
was not only a "man of mark" in "the blue-grass region," but
widely known throughout the Eastern states as "the prince
of gentlemen horsemen . " . ■ ' • ■
He came of a long line of gallant men and high-bred women
and, had he so minded, could, of right, have taken as his own
the proud, yet homely, legend inscribed upon the family-vault
of the Lords of Colchester — "All the men were brave, and all
the women virtuous."
Lucas Brodhead, son of Lucas Brodhead and of his wife,
Mary CordeWiUiam was educated in England, and the
daughter Ursula or Nutty (as was his pet name for her, doubt-
less on account of her complection) was also sent to England.
226 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
On her return she married Robert Beverley, the historian.
The will of Thos. Grendon (referred to in se\'eral letters) is in
Waters' Gleanings, 420-431].
To Mr. North.
Vir-'a ffeb'ry the 25, 1688.
Yo""^ by Ruds & Wynne lately came to my hands with most
of the Goods you Sent mee by the latter, but have not yet
opened any, being but last night return 'd from Gloster where
I have been to wait on our new Govern'' & where Pate & my
Selfe did not forgett yo'''' & Dick Johnsons good health. I
wrote to you formerly by Paggen by whom I sent you fiftyHds.
Tobo. w:'' I hope ere this time is come Safe to your hands. I
have now nothing to adde, but could not misse this oppertunity
by So good a Conveyance as my Coz. Grendon by whom have
Sent a small token to be sj.ient amongst our friends. Yo'^ is
not yet come to hand, but care is taken for it, our onely mis-
fortune is my Coz. Tom will loose his vShare of it.
You shall hear farther by Wynne, who I believe (if any) will
get his Ladcing though at low rates, by him I shall send you
Some Tobacco & I hope other goods. Mine & my wives best
respects & Ser\'ice to yo"" Selfe & Lady from
S^
Yo'' hmiible Servant
Will. Byrd.
To M^ North p^ Culpcper.
•; ■■ To Mr. Coe.
Virg'a ffeb'ry the 25, 1683.
Dear S^
Yo'''' by Cap' Ruds & Wynne lately rec'^, as allso what things
sent to my wife w:'' I suppose shee hath given yo'' Lady an
acco' of Sc wee must e\'er acknowledge our Selves infinitely
oblidged to }'ou both, for your many favo'''* both to us & ours,
& wish it lay in my power any way to testify my acknowledge-
m*^ of yo'' kindnesses; this I hope will come Safe to you by my
Coz. Tom by whom I have Sent a Small token to bee Shared
' 'vjA ''oY
r M:\rn\UO v ' .1 oT
t /
LEITERS OF WILLIAM BYKD, FIRST. 227
amongst our friends. I give you ihanlvs for j'o" though not
yet come to hand, but care is taken for it, & though Coz'n
Grcndon will not fast it, wee shall not faile to drink yo'' & his
good health with it at Cap' Randolphs, where wee Order"^ it to
been put on Shoar. Pray gi\'e my best resi)ected & Service
to all where its due, Especially to yo'' Lady &: accept the Same
yo'' Selfe from Dear S^
Yo"" oblidg'd fe'^ & Servant
, . \V. 13.
To M"" Coe p"" Culpeper.
To Mr. Gower.
Virg'a ileb'ry 2lji'' 1(JS3.
S^
I rec' one froin you this year jj'' Caj^' Bradly, wherein you
promise mee I shall hear more at large by Wx'nne, & tell mee of
roots ev seeds, but Wunne being arrived, I cannot hear of so
much as a letter froin you w:'' would make mee doubt yo""
wellfare, did not others tell me that all our friends were well,
in w:'' catalogue, \'ou e\'er had our Esjieciall ])lace, in my Esteem
&. therefore I could not Ijut vSalute \'Ou with a line or two by so
good a friend as brings this, to assure you I shall ever acknow-
ledge the many favo'" I have So frequently rec"^ from you; Wee
Seldome meet but remember yo"" good health; & Shall Suddenly''
\A-hen wcQ dispose of yo"" kind token, w:'' I doubt not but you
have a share in. All our friends here in health & give you their
best respects & Service, pray present mine to all at yo'' House,
& elsewhere its due, assureing you I shall qv<jv remain
Yo' Oblidg's fr'' c^' Serv'.
W. B.
P. S. I wrote last year 2 letters to my bro. Robinson, Sister
Rich'*'' & Godmother but have not had one tittle from any of
y'm tliis year. , ,, .,, .,,,... . ■ -.
To AP Gower in y*^ Culpe]jer. ^ '■..'■'■ ■ ■ ■ ' '• ■ '■
a .//
•l-HllKllilO \] ooO ^U oT
n i
li\vo':f \'-j
c^. \vl 07M 71. ■ r:,!! i; (iji.v jh/v "!j(if;<^ JutI Jon blifo-:)
ii?ij;')f! JmoJi "o.
-..t/olt 'dy jg I}I! o) '>iUin Jno^oK] yi.vq ,OJf/rK-'/ :.''»
.11 r/
228 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ■ •'
■ To Perry and Lane. .
Virginia, ffeb'y 26^''. 1683.
Gen'.
I wrote to you yesterday p' the Culpeper & have little now
to adde, this Serveing only to accompany Cap' Bradly with 101
H'^'* Tobo. as p'^ bill of Ladeing & Invoice inclosed will appear
P the next I hope to Send you some fturres, shall not trouble
you farther at present, but take Leave
Gen'
Yo^ wall fr^' & Serv'
W. B.
To m' Perry & Lane P Bradly.
To Perry and Lane.
James City in Virga. Apr '11 y« 25"^ 1684. , ,
Gent
My last to you by the Culpeper & Bradly I hope ere this are
Safely come to yo' Hands with what I sent therewith, have
little now to adde onely acquaint you with our wellfare, I could
have w4shd you had been more particular in yo"' letters of y''
markett of furrs & Skins, I haeing ingaged for a considerable
quantity before my rec' of yo'' last at I fear too great a price.
You shall (god willing) receive some by Cap' Tibbett who Saith
hee shall Saile about the 20"' of next month. I have had many
complaints about my stockings this year as allso of Hats, threds
& Some of y'^ Linnen iron worke & nails y'' worst ever saw,
which I hope will hereafter bee mended.
Wee are in lilcelyhood of forward Crops this year, & dout
not God saying amen, to bee as forward as any of ye Mary-
landers. I have inclosed Sent for some additional things w:^
were bespoke Since my last, w ■}' pray lett mee have as soon as
may bee, & let mee not faile of all my Indian Tnicke betimes,
the want of Beads, or Some other trifles being oftentimes a
great prejudice, shall not trouljle >'ou farther, but acquaint
you I have charged bills of Ex«^ to mr Peter Perry on you for
J avi>. YM«a1 oT
.1 A A>
.....-.,: T ■■[-... •" " ■,.■ .,<^'!;n ■.'•M-.r
bftfjl
LETTERS OF WILLIAM BYRD, FIRST.
229
5G£.19s.02d., allso some others w:" please to pay aceordin^^ly
I mus confesse was Surprized to find my Selfe'So far bch nd
'r;:r"^s;:^/-^^^^^-^-^
Gent
,,„ Yo' rcall friend & Servant
^^ hat you wrote about English Servants I had anticipated by
he Culpeper & therefore shall say no more of it, for y' ne-ro's
W they come), I shall take some if ,hey pro^•e well
To m' Perry & Lane P Tailor.
To Mr. North.
James City in Vn-ga. Apr'il v 2U"' IGSt
RIy last to you was by my Coz. Grendon, sv:'' I hope with
re™ r.\"' r '; 'T' ?"n "■ ■ "^^'^ ""'<^ '" ^^^^' --'>'i "-
Sent ^ w »'^"'''" '^ ^'■™' ^"^" '•*" lh°^« gooJ.^ you
Sent mee by Wynne & can find no fault with them, onely I find
many tlungs as Duffeilds Cotton, Brandy, na.ls &c much
dearer than I paid p L, but the different Seasons they "■'
bought ,n may bee some reason for a. y french Hats I sent
or extraordmary for mj- Selfe, were worse than those 1 Td
Indian Goods, that yon may take the advantage of a more
\\ ynne, by whom & des.gne you about 90 Hds of Tobo & other
Goods, itee reckons to saile about the last of next Alo'teth
by whom I shall write more at large. My Service to all our
fnends, & accept the .Same yo' selfe from
S'
Vo' f}-iend & Servant
I have charged a bill of Exchange on you paj'able to [no
Herbert for 2oC. JGs.Od. & inclosed se.tt jou one of mv Coz'
Grendons for :i-l£.0s,0d.
To M' North P. Zach Tailor.
^•i-s
•oii^'i I ji.^,^. 2, jvij'i 4a oi'
.HTSioVl
nrtrf
bad 1 '.yoAj r. > loi
230 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. '/i,
To Thomas Byrd.
• ' •■:•. Virginia May 20 '84.
Dear Bro.
I was glad by yo"" letter to hear of yo'' wellfare as allso of all
our friends. My wife & little ones are very well & desire to bee
remembered to you, pray give my best respects to yo'' Master,
& remember mee to my Bro. & Sister Robinson & Sister Rich-
ards & tell them I take it very unkindly that (though Iwrote
twice to each of them last year) 1 have not reed one line from
Either of them this year. Pray remember mee to my Grand
]\Iother; I shall not doubt yo' diligence to improve yo' time.
Assuring you none more desires yo' benefit then
Yo' affectionate Bro
To T B p Wynne
To Perry and Lane.
Virginia May the 20^'' 1684.
Gen»
This accompany Cap' Wynne with four Hds of ffurres as p
bill of Ladeing & Invoice inclosed may appear. Cap* Tibbett
promised mee to fetch them, but I hear he designes to excuse it,
wherefore I was forced to i^ersuadc Wynne to take them in;
There is little of news the Assembly not yett broke up; great
likely hood of forward Crops being abundance of raine lately.
Wee are in great anxiety for y*^ Quaker Ketch, & very desirous
to hear where abt the market may bee, I hope the Dolphin got
well home, though here is a report of a very hard winter you
have had in England ; with a continued E wind for many weeks.
I shall not trouble you farther at prsent but with best respects
& Service take leave
Gent
'^ . • Yo* reaU friend & Servt
W. B.
Since my last to you I have charged 36£ to m'' Hartwell
Si'Os.Od. money to m' Place & 8 to Ben Harrison, pay pass
accordingly. "■ • ■ ■■■..'' ' '■'■"< •i, i'm
To m' P by Wynne. ' i i- - ., .:' , ; ,
.tJ
rnofl anil one fvMi Jon oviiii I (looy
•i^iH<I oT
' H'vD
r/^tyi A hnvh^ If;:'/: 'oY
,e 7/
LETTERS OF WILLIAM BYRD, FIRST. 231
To Perry and Lane. m^ . ■
'K Virga. Hb-- the 30"' 1784.
Gen'
I wrote to you lately by a Yorke Ship, &: hopec then Cap*
Hall would hav^e Vjeen ready to have Saild with this, & so might
have been, had others indeavor'd his dispatch as I have done,
haveing now 81 Hds on board, when Shee will vSailc I know
nott, but Shall Shi]) no more on board her this year, hope others
will make it up. Shee had a tedious jiassage heither, & by all
rejjort is no runner. Cap* Hall thinks if shee were lengthned, the
increase of her Burthen would soon answer the Charge, & shee
would Saile much better, but that shall leave wholly to yo'
discretion, I could have wished wee had bought or built a new
one, rather then to have been at so much charge with this w;*"
had like to have ruined us, Butt of this too much: What you
projxDse as touching the Cargoe sent P Dolj^hin, I am willing
to goe my jjart (of whatsoever on her Acco') proportionable
to my part of the ship; What you mentioned about the Pinke
for the Barbados have answered in my last & Shall expect her,
else shall provide other way's, Wee here desire not to be Con-
cern 'd w:'' too many, & therefore if wee find her Concem'd all
over the River, wee shall have nothing to doe w'^ her; for the
Cargoe P Hall, I find itt reasonably well, onely Cottons, w:^
you say are Cheajjer & better, I find much dearer, as fonnerly,
you sent y'm at IGJ^d. p Goad, you now Charge 20d. i>c not
oncly so but have (by mistake I su])pose) Charged mee just
ten pounds too much in that Article in yo"" Invoice Viz'.
422H Goads of Cotton Chargd— 451 :4s :()2d at 20d. P Goade
w :'' comes to but just 351:4s:02d
lUl:0s:00d
I am vSorry that Scarce once in a year I can recieve any Acco'
of the markett of ffurres or skins, by w:'' being in the darke, I
have been a Considerable looser within tliis twelfe moneth; for
the En-oe in the of Cok' plletting I shall keep them, since
'twill bee scarce worth while to send it to Cap' Hall for the bed
ticke you micntion I have it not mine being barely 41. as allso
' U*Ji J
V
•f OOf"''
\,<ni: I It-
232 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
Cap' Randolphs w:'' is the Same w**' mine, I must confesse I
am now under great dissatisfaction about tlie damage in the
Culijcper, Especialh' since by no indeavo''-' of mine I can learne
how faire I am concern'd therein, & tmely were not the year so
untoward that few Shijjcs {Sc tliem with difficulty) will get their
ladeing. I Could almost forever deny shijjping one U'^'' on
board her whilst I live, but Shall venture once more; I am under
an unhapp}' disapointment for want of Severall things I sent
for, Esijccialh' for the Rresse Wire, the Pattom wherof, I put
in the Letter w''' my owne Hands; Servants at the rates you
mention, at the latter Season of the year, Cannot bee v;orth
while, others had much Cheaper &' forward; Shijis will bee
generally very latter this year no Seasons, to Ship Tobo. ik the
planter who hath twice or thrice (it may bee) allready sold his
Tobacco is in no Hast to Strip itt, Shall not troul)le you farther
at present but tak k-axe
I am Gen'
Vi^^fr'^ & Serv'
\V. B.
If you send y Pinlce to Barbadoes on our acco' I would have
by her 5U0 Negros between 12 & 24 years old about 1000 Gall'ns
Rum 3024000 1. of Sug^ (nuiscox-ado) & abou 200 1. Ginger
To P p Booth.
To Mr. North.
Virga. XI)' the- 20"' 1084.
S'
I lately wrote to \-ou by way of Yorke, 1j_\' w ;'' I ga\'e xcni a
acco' of m}' Coz Grendons death, & design'd to ha\-e sent you
by this a Copy of his will & : but this shi]) Sailing vSooner then I
expected & the Badnesse of the \\cathcr pre\-ented mee, this I
hope will come Safe to yo' Hands b}' the Booth w"> 40 Hds of
Tobacco as P bill of Ladeing & invoice may a])])ear, if Scarcity
will ever make Tobo. a Commodity, it will l^ee this year, I am
Sure it Scrace 6c dear enough, i<: w"' worse generally \ery bad.
m"" Grendons death hath ])ut mee to Some trouble, that I can
avilSAa/.M JiCHHOTitlH AlMiaUiV
r. ■)
1 li
: II
. '/
A
•J/Ji'i ,ii;j )rf.J jil'JK'Jl'.l }(.
n ,/■
;■ id yd
: , I of
'8
I. :.'• ■. /v^ 1 . r' > '.-.'ii lij viiv/ ■. t; i'l..' oj •iit/i7/ vi-jiiii !
i 1:. ^ I ■■-, r; •;:([!;..< .f,'. ... (
J ^■»|i . J i, '-, i\ . .•■1-;., T *if,t;,;.' -Jii; 1^. •)
LETTERS OF WILLIAM BYKD, FIRST. • 233
Scarce give you any acco' of y*' Goods rec*^, onely one p'' lac'*^
ruffles you sent mee, I sui>i)ose the lace had been tramp''' in y°
kennell before it was made (the Wrist Bands not being Soild),
& are I fear not worth a farthing, st> y Saddle you Sent mee for
my Selfe, I find the Stirnip of a Side Saddle w:'' I su])]jose was
Sent instead of a Curb bitt, w:'' I find Wanting. You shall have
it again P Bradly. You shall hear farther ere long, in the
mean tinie accept of mine w^'' my wives best respects cv Service
to ycj"" Selfe & Lady, m"' Coe & his & all the rest of our friends
from
S'- Yo^ fri'd & Serv'
W. B.
To m^ North P Booth.
To Perky .\>:d Lane.
Virga. iTeb'ny the 2-' 1684.- '
Gen'
I wrote to you al)out a moneth eine P the Booth. Since w:*^
I ha\'e not reed one letter from you, nor can hear any certainty
of Winne or Tibbets, this (1 hope) Vvill come Safe to yo'' Hands
by Cap' Hall, w:'' 81 Hds of Tolxicco. Wee have left her to
yo"" discretion whether for London or Rotterdam.
There hath been now a good Season, most Tobacco is Strip 'd
& I'll assure you I never knew so little made in these parts in
my life, nor I think So bad; I ha\"e inclo.sed Sent for the iron
worke of a Saw Mill, w:'' I desire may bee Sent by the first Ship,
6 that the Cranke may bee made exactly according to y in-
closed patteme. If it is cast (wiihoui flaws) il may doe best;
the Racke & Nutt must fitt; I am told it may bee best & cheap-
est had out of Holland, but I thinke wrought iron is prohibited,
therefore must leave it to you, onel}' earnestly desire that great
care may bee taken (in y Cranke especially) that the iron
worke bee well & Exactly according to ye dimensions inelo-etl,
for I hope my timber worke will l)ee finished before }-'' End (jf
7 b"" next: Inclosed is allso a note for Some Indian Goods w:''
I allso desire by the first oppertunity. I had some complaints
of my Duffeilds & Cottons this year, by my next I shall givu you
iHb\ <i: -m'
..T
f. Ir„ r. ,;, .,1 ..f,,-
p.i !i \i ■>.
234 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
a fuller acco* my Clo: w'td Plains & Cottons very bad & indeed
all the Cottons very dear, D'' Bullard Sent mueh better both
Duffeilds & Cottons, w:'' are vSold as cheajj as possibly I can
afford mine, pray Speake to the Gun Smith that the Dogs of
all the Gun locks have good Hold otherwise the Indians will not
buy them; I shall tiot trouble you farther at present but with
best rcsj)ects '& Ser\'ice take lea\'e
Gen''
• Yo'' friend & Servant
W. B.
To m' Perry & Lane P Hall.
1\) \[.
Vu-ga. ITeb'ry 2^^ 1G84.
S^
I wrote to you about 5 weeks since by the Booth by whom
I sent you 40 H'^'^ of Tobo. w:'' I hope v/ill long ere this come
Safe to your Hands, have little now to adde, onely inclosed have
Sent our Invoice for some Indian trade, & hope you will mend
your Hand, the Duffeilds Herbert brought in much exceeds
yo" the cloth cold plains you Sent is not So good by a groat a
yard as some I had w:'' did not cost So much by 23/^d. a yde,
by Ruds Idesigne you Some Tobo. & other Goods & by him
Shall Send my Invoice for what Goods I designe, but would
willingly first See my Acco'' Pray give my best respects & Ser-
vice where its due, & accept the Same yo' Selfe from
S'
Yo' reall iV^ & Ser\^^
W. B.
To M. P Hall.
Speake to y^ Gunsmith that the Dogs of the Ix)cks have good
hold, otherwise the Indians will not buy them.
To His Brother and Sister Robinson.
' Virga. Mo. March 1G85 (4?).
Dear Bro : & Sister
Yo" of y* 29"' of July came Safe to hand, though y'= unhappy
1 /,
n/:!T q cjfijsa ^^. viv/I ^m oT
.1/. ..T
nJ i;i'.il>nf 'Jirroy lO^
;ua
cy-! t«c«.)'.s Ion i;Ff« '*:w bi.S I yfO'-g :<j-. l-ifV-i
>\ 77
IloII <I \i\ oT
•> f-i ^>Ia»J i)fij k) cyoCI -jiij Serf ' ' \: ot .^iuxi-^
j.r-M<; vikI Jon Ihv/ .-.r.,...-... -iJ ;)Hi7VTjrt;> .biorf
n,
yq'ludriL' *v fl;4iii>f1j ,FiJ:j;if oi ilit?. Ofn//.) <Iu(,'n> '.;^
LETTERS OF WILLIAM BYKI), FIRST. 235
Bearer dyed at vSea, I will assure you twas great Satisfaccon to
mee to hear of your wellfare, & notwithstanding the distance
of ])lace nothing can bee more to my Content then to hear of the
prosperity of my (So near) relations, therefore yoii will omitt
no oppertvmity to lett mee hear from you by letters, w^'' (Since
heaven hath placed us at that distance) is the onely way wee
have to communicate our thoughts, therefore hope I shall hear
from you oftener, IVIy little daughter Ursula comes herewith,
to whom I shall not doubt your l;indnesse, Pray give my kind
love to our Sister Mary & all our friends, & Accept of mine w**"
my wives to your selves heartily wishing us a men-y meeting
in England I remain
Yo'' affectionate Bro
W. B.
To Bro : Robinson P Culpeper
Virga. 31-^' March 1684
Dear Sister
Yo^-' of y*^ 29"' of July came to my Hands d' was glad to hear
from you, though Son-y to understand you were in So Sickly
a Condition Pray God if it bee his blessed Will restore you to
your former health w:'' would bee ver)' wellcome news to mee.
My poor Coz. Grendon dyed att Sea in Octob^ last, My wife
& little daughters are well. One of y'm (Ursula) comes here-
with pray God Send her a good Voyage. M}' wife gives you
her kind love & Service, Pray give mine to all where its due,
especially to my Sister Mary & accept y*" Same yo'' selfe w^*"
my pra)'crs to God for your health & wellfare I remain
Dear Sister
Yo"" ever loveing Bro:
W. B.
To Sister Rich^^ P Culpeper.
To Thomas Byrd.
Virga. Ulto. March 1684.
Dear Bro:
Yo" of y*" T**" of August came to my Hand, though my friend
by whom twas Sent dyed att Sea; I am heartily glad to hear of
your wellfare, & doubt not but you will So well improve yo"'
aiS .Tsaii A
i>i T3rf
(t
H .V/
.UHYrt 2AM<»mT oT
236 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
selfe that when you come to bee out of yo'' time, you will bee
able to manage yo"" buisinesse to y'' best advantage, wherein
I shall bee ever ready to assist you. One of my little Daugh-
ters comes herewith. M}' wife desires to be remembered to you.
Pray give my best respects to my Sister Mary & all where its
due & accept the same yo"" selfe from
Yo'' affectionate Bro: '"^^
W. B.
To Bro: Tom P Cul])eper .• .
• To His Brother Rand. ' ''-
Yirga March 31-^^ 1685
Dear vS' •
Yo""^ by Cap' Dell came Safe to my Hands & was heartily
Wellcome, bringing us the good news of your Wellfare & my
Sisters Safe delivery of a vSon, of whom I wish you both much
Joy. My wife & 2 Girls are I thanke God in health. Little
Nutty comes herewith, if vShee calls on you by the way, I doubt
not your kindnesse I should ha\'e been heartily glad to have
Seen you in England this year, had not my affairs here (most
of w:*^ I am Sure bring more trouble then profit or pleasure)
hindred mee, but it may not bee long first. My Coz Grendon
(in y*-" flower of his Age) dyed y^ 10 of 8 b"" last at Sea & the Old
Woman (not indureing to lye alone) Marryed abt y latter end
of Jan'ry to one m"" Edw'^ Brain a Stranger here. My best
respects & Ser\'ice to j'o'' selfe. Lady, Sister Dudly, m' Knowles,
w*^ all the rest of our friends in ^'o"" parts from
Dear S'
Yo'' affectionate Bro: (S: Serv^
W. B.
To Bro: Rand P Culpeijcr
99*-' '.-r vx.-' ~mi
ifj
•lOcisqlwO '■I rnoT :oifl oT
'{li'ifi:)^! 8ev/ 4I» sbnr.H vm oi aUr^ ynii;".* liaO ' Y
(• '^
J' >
f
LETTERS OF WILLIAM BYRD, FIRST. 237
To Daniel Horsmanden.
., r, s, ;,< ' Virga. March y'^ 3P' 1685 . , ,
Dear Bro;
Yo'''* of y° 6"^ of July last come to my Hands, by w:*' was glad
to hear of yo'' wellfare, for one letter a year is the most I have
reed from you, therefore wonder you should blame mee in that
who have allways doubled, & most comimonly trebled y*^ num-
ber. IMy wife & girls are in health, little Nutty comes here-
with, God Send her well to you, & I shall not doubt your kind-
nesse to her. Poor Coz Grendon dyed at Sea in Octob'' last
& y"' old woman finding itt not convenient to bee alone hath
man-yed one m"" Edw* Brain (a Stranger) in Jan'ry last. Cap'
Randolph & m'' Banister, present their Service to you, whom
wee allways remember when wee meet. Pray give my blessing
to my Children when you See them, w^'' best respects & Service
to all where its due, & accept y"^ Same yo'' selfe from
Dear Bro.
Yo'' affectionate Bro: & Servant
W. B.
To Bro: Dan '11 P Culpeper
(To be Continued)
■ •( v
i; I
rss
, ; ^JlfyTTTI
>7
.i "/ A
.);jLiz5
.... OJ
"tO'
(b'juaiiftoC) 3*] o'i ";
ii'rtnCi ;oi9 oT
238 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
MINUTES OF THE COUNCIL AND GENERAL COURT
1622-1629*.
From the Originals in the Library of Congress.
(Continued.)
''All erasures in the originals are here printed in italics.
(175.) ^. - ■•-. ■
Edward Nevell swome & examined sayeth yt Mr Crisi^e did
promise to give Mr. Weston (1) seat n tie yt he would he would
not Truck any of his Tobacco at Canada & yt before he had his
goodes ashore he wold putt him in good securitie not to Truck
away any of his Tobacco, excei)t some hundred weyght to buy
him apparell and some oth er necessaries.
T [l^_,.'^'^"''J"^a^ Weston, a London merchant, was one of the associates of
John Pierce, to whom a grant of land was made by the Virginia Company
Jan. 12 lOiy-20. He was closely associated with the emigration of the Pil-
grims; but later, diflerences arose between him and them. Weston owned
a number of slaps and was actively engaged in trading to America and in
tishing. He decided to attempt a settlement in x\'e\v England, and is the
summer of 1G22, his ships the Charity and S2oun. and, probably, the Spar-
row, brought hfly or si.xty men for a settlement at Wassagussel (now
Ueymouth). The Chanty also carried thirty passengers on to Virtnnia.
ihis settlement seems to have been very obiectionable to the Plvinnulh
peoi)le, who accused the new-comers, generally, of much bad cor.duct
though stealing corn is the worst specific charge. Roliert Cushman wrote
from hngland to his brother Pi]grims.in regard to Weston's men "I pray
you therctore signify to Squanto [the Indian interpreter] that they are a
distinct bt.dy from us, and we have nothing to do with them, nor must be
blamed for their faults, much less can warrant their fidelity " The
savage mmd could draw but one inference from this Christian 'message
and promptly made plans to e.xtiqjate the Weston colony. It is of
course, not intended to imply that Cushman mstigated an attack i,n the
new settlement; but he should have known the danger of .such a message
the Weston colony was soon abandoned, most of its members r<-lurning
to l^ngland while a few went to Plymouth and Virginia.
Weston continued for a number of years his trading and fishing ventures.
Alexander Brown states that later he owned land in Virginia and Mary-
land. He was for a lime a rcsi.lenl in Virginia and was a member of the
House of Burgesses m ](i2:S. h should be noted here that the present
Maine was then called Canada. Thomas Weston is said to have died m
Bristol during the Civil War.
T?)
MINUTES OF THE COUNCIL AND GENERAL COURT. 239
Yt is ordered yt Mr. Weston shall ])ay to Mr. Newman for ye
service of Arthur Avelince si.\ baiTcUs of shecld come and two
firkins of butter or ihe valcw therof in Comodities, as ye said
butter and Comodities cost in Englande.
And for the fraught of Certen goods purchased [ ?] at one town,
yt lie take for the fraught therof after ye rate of fower jx^wnde
to be paid in Tobacco at the rate of three shillings p. ])owrid
accordinge to the agreement.
Thomas Cr3^spe, gent., swome & examined sayeth that he
was witness to A Covenant when Edward Ne\^ell did Co^'enant
to deliver one hundred pound weight of Tobacco to Robert
Newman uppon theire arix^all at Canada, in consideracon yt
the said Edward Nevell had a bill signed [ ?] over to him by John
Warde (2) for the rejjayment of ye said hundred waight of
Tobacco at this Crojj]).
And fourther sa}-eth yt when they ari\'ed at Canada Robert
Newman demanded \'e Tobacco of Mr. Ne\'ell at damarells
Cove(3), and ]\lr. Nevell Answered peradventure it is at
Massicusis [?] yt you shall have, And sayeth yt after this Mr.
Newman made a second demand of it and he refused to \ydy it,
saying yt it was at hib choyse luhe for ther Jie wold jmy it or no
at Canada was noe day or place ai)])ointed for the pa>'ment
therof so it was paid in Canada.
(170.)
Yt is ordered yt Mr. Nevell shall paye to Robert Newman (4)
and John Warde ffyftie pownde waight of good merchantable
Tobacco, And to deliver upp to them one Bill v/herin they
(2) Captain John Ward, who made a number of voyages to Virginia
settled a plantation in the Colony at Ward's Creek, and with hi.s Lieut-
enant, John Gibbs, represented it in the Assembly of 1G19.
(3) 'i'he Damarells-Damaris-, Damarinscove Islands, are five or six
in number and lie off the coast of Maine, between the Kennebec and
Penotjscot. They were early resorted to by hshing ships and occupied
for fishing stages.
(4) The "iMuster" of William Gayne and Robert Newman, appears
in the Census of 1624-5. Robert Newman, aged 25, came in the Neptune
in 1018, and the "muster" also included Ji^hn Coker, aged 20, and .Arthur
Avelon, aged 2G, the latter having come in the Elizabeth in 1020.
Ct£
.r .'/, ? ■ I !•
i/>iT'«A^
(OTI.)
240 :■- " VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
stand bound to him for ye payment of one hundred pounds
\vai<,'ht of Tobacco
Yt is ordered yt Mr Weston shall ijay Robert Thresher one
hundred and fower score jx^wnd waight of good merchantable
Tobacco ]jresently, In consideracon of that Tobacco \\''ch he
laid owte of Robert Threshers at Canada for his owne comodities
And two hundred and ffiftie pound waight more for his not
bringing a servant for ye said Robert Thresher according to
agreement and twenty pounde of ye like Tobacco a weekx- for
John Coker his servant from ye fourteenth of June to the eigth
of October next JoUounng last jjast.
Killibett Hitchcock (5), gent., swome & examined sayeth
That he was over to Archers Hope with the wyddow Bush and
was present when she did make an absolute bargaine with Mr
Thomas Farley for the land he was then seated one, for six
y ceres, And that Air Farley did tender her payment of a hun-
dred waight at that present, but beinge late and the weather
doubtful she would not then take it \^'ith her but did defer the
payment therof until Mr Farlow had his leafe sold.
' ■• (177.)
John Elysone(G) swome & Examined sayeth, that he was
present when the widdow Bushe did grant a lease to Mr fl'arle}''
of the lande he was then seated one for six yeares. And that
Mr ffarley was to pay therin present a hundred waight of To-
bacco, And that she offered to have made Mr ffarley a lease
therof at that tyme yf there had been candle length in the house
and yt Mr ffarley was to paye to the widdow Bush sixtie pound
of Tobacco yearly rent for the place.
(5) Kilibett Hichcocke, was living at James City in 1023; but was out
of the county or omitted in the Census of 1024-5.
(0) John Ellyson who came in the Prosperous and his wife Ellin, who
came in the Charitie were living at Archers Hope 1024-5. At the same
time, Susan Bush aged 20, who came in the George, 1017, widow of John
Bush, who died in 1024, was living, together with Sarah Spence, aged four,
born in Virginia, and live servants, at Elizabeth City. Sarah Spence
was daughter of Ensign William Spence, who had been a burgess for
James City in the Assembly of 1019 and who, with his wife, was returned
in the list of dead Feb. 10, 1023, as "Lost," doubtless killed by the
Indians. Sarah Spence seems in some way to have been the heir of Susan
Bush, who must have died not long after the Census of 1024-5.
.av
H
.(IT 'J. 'mi Oi
MINUTES OF THE COUNCIL AND GENERAL COURT. 211
In regarde of the greatc charge yt. Thomas Bennett (7) hath
uppon his hands and other considerations The Court doth con-
descend yt he shall have two barrells of Come abated him of his
rent for this year.
Yt is orderd yt gardians of Sara Spence shall make satysfac-
tione to Thomas ffarley for the cost & charges he hath been at in
Clearinge and building uppon the lande he now is seated one,
w'ch he hath p'fonned since the widdow Bush made him grante
of a lease.
Yt is ordered w'th ye Consent of ye Governor yt six hundred
waight of Tobacco dew Mr Cleyboume as by a former order
apeareth and one hundred waight to Clarence Maye [?], one hun-
dred waight to Wm Julyan, And sixtie waight to John Powell,
being dew to them from the Company shalbe paid to them owt of
the Companys rent of their rent this yeeres rent, W'ch the Gov-
ernor was formcrlv ordered to receax'e in sattisfacon of this Deft.
(178.) ^ ' --:■': ■ -.-
k Courte held the xxviii"' of November 1625 beinge present
S'r flrancis Wyatt, Knight, Governor, Capt ffrancis West,
Capt Roger Smith, Capt Samuell Alathewes, I\Ir William Cley-
boume
Yt is ordered yt the p'vost marshall shall give a discharge
to the purser of the Elizabeth for the receipt of those goodes
w'ch he hath receaved of John ffox and John Pickemell who died
at sea. And to take the Charge of sendinge of the Tobacco made
of those goodes into England
Wlieras Thomas Thackthorpe [or Shackthorpe] and Robert
BuiTOws beinge brought over as servants for Richard Page,
m'r of the Elizabeth, who by order of C^^urt dated ye 19'^ of
September 1G25 weere delivered the one to Mr Abraham Persia
(7) In the muster of Thomas Bennett (at the census of 1624-5) at
Basses Choice, appear Thomas Bennett, aged 38, who came in the Neptune
in 1618, Mary Bennett, aged 18, came in the Southampton, 1622, Roger
Heford, and Benjamin Simes, aged 33. Tlie last was no doubt the Ben-
jamin Symes, later of Elizabeth City, who by his will in 1634, founded a
'chool in that county, still represented by the Syme.s-Eaton Academy
at Ham])ton, the oldest endowed school in the United States. Thomas
Bennett was probably a brother of Edward Bennett who had a great
plantation not far away at Warrosquoiacke.
iua'tj
) A
omuixi
242 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
and the other to Air John Woolrich for 2 servants of theirs who
went away after they were shipt by neekhj^^ence The Court
refers it to be tried in England betwixt the owner and the
wyddow Page who shall stand to the loss of those two Ser\^ants
Yt is ordered yt the purser of the Elizabeth shall pay to Caleb
Page for the use of the widdow of Richard Page late m'r of the
Elizabeth COO pounds waight of good merchantable Tobacco
and that the jjurscr shall ship the said Tobacco aboarde the
Elizabeth and give ye bill of lodinge for the same into this
Court to be recorded
And yt Caleb Page shall take the charge of receavinge ui)p
the rest of the Tobacco and other depts due to his brother
Richard Page, and to be accountable for the same to this Courte
to ye use of ye \A'3-dov/ Page v^-hen he shalbe therunto caled.
(179.)
Thomas Weekes swome and Examined sayeth yt A boye
shipt by Thomas Page aboarde the EHzabeth did doe all such
Busines and labour duringe the voiage as the Boatswain did
Comand him to Doe
Yt is ordered yt Caleb Page shall prefer in Court A trew and
iuste accoupt of all such depts and Tobacco as he shall receave
in Virginia for depts dew his Brother Thomas Page
Yt is ordered yt Capt Tucker shall deli\^er such goodes as he
hath in his handes of Mr Vincent Barber's unto Mr MaiTnaduke
Rayner(8), or otherwise that he appeare hcere before ye Go\'-
emo- and Councell at James Cyttie one mondye next come
sennight beinge the twelf d'ye of Decemiber next to show cause
too the Contraire
John Snode [?] swome and Examined sayeth deposeth that
the Inventorie by liim i)'duced in Court ^^■as A trewe Inventory
of the goodes of Thomas Clarke, deceased.
Yt is ordered yt a warrant be sent to Lt Bairy yt yi the Con-
troversie depending between him and Henry Geny cannot [be
(S) Marm;idul:e Rayncr was a member of llic Virijinia Comijany and
as mate and master made several voyages to Virginia. In the summer
of 1G20 he made an exploring expedition from Virginia to Roanoke.
IjliiOTc
t
c ■ It
0<;fi»»j Wt*;i/; UJ j/.'^n rji
V
MINUTES OF THE COUNCIL AND GENERAL COURT. 243
settled?] at ye Court at Elizabeth Cyttie yt then Lieut Barry
do appeare heere one this daye three weeks to answer to said
Henry Geny to his duitc.
Wheras John Utie, gent., deposeth in Courte yt certain
things Demanded in Courte by Mr Hanvood, were received by
him of Mr Harwood for the [use"'] of Southampton hundred
Company. A note of ye p'ticulars 19 i'hirtes, 8 payer of shewes,
18 payer of fish firkins [?], 4 felling Axes.
(180.)
John Utie, gent., deposeth yt the bond wheron John Shep-
pard(9), Doctoris Christmias, & Mr Jonas Stogden stand bound
to Mr John Pountis late Thresurer of Southampton Hundred
was for the discharge of said John Shepparde and Doctoris
Christmas from the servdce of Southampton Company
.; Yt is ordered yt John Shejjparde and Doctoris Christmas
havinge discharged their bonde to Mr Pountis shal have their
ffredom accordinge to agreement as other tenants have had.
Yt is ordered yt a warrant to Christopher Lee (10) to deliver
the fortie fower boushels of Come of the pursers now in his
hands of Mr Peirsie to any of the ships Comjiany or else to
ap]jeare here one Monday next to show cause to ye Contrary.
Yt is ordered yt notw'thstandinge the Covenant made be-
tweene Mr David Sandys, minister, and the ])arishoners of
IMartins Hundred, That they shall paye the full dews as other
jjarishes doe, nottw'thstandinge his not p'forming his covenant
by reason of his Death.
(181.)
A Courte held the 5*'' D'ye of December 1625, beinge present
Sr ffrancis Wyatt, Knight, Governor, Cajjt. ffrancis West,
Capt. Roger Smith, Mr Wm Cleybourne
(9) Doctoris and Elizabetli Chri.stmas were living at Elizabeth City
in 1()2.3, and he wa-i in Viri^inia in November 1G2.5; but is not included in
the Census of 1(324-5. It is evident that tiiis census is not complete. See
tliis A'laj^azine XIX, 085 for note on Doctoris Christmas. John Slieppard
was probably the "Lieutenant Shei)))ard," living at I^li/.alx'lh City in
1023; but not named in the Census of 1(121-5.
(10) In the Census of 1G21-5, Christopher Lee, aged 30, who came in
the Southampton in 1G23, appears as a servant of Abraham Persey at
James City.
£H .T«UO0 JA48KdO OMA Mbv
> i>Y oj -jkjjiLij woiW. '>; J
rfi J r
•rr- «'»«/;)
1 m)
i_:.,j ..,.-.ri„i.
244 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
Nicholas Roe(ll) swome and Examined sayeth yt he re-
membreth at Canada yt Mr Weston gave order to Mr Nevell
not to deHver Mr Crispe his Tobacco unless he brought Mr
Wetheridge to give securitie yt Mr Crisp should not Truck away
any of his Tobacco in ye Country, but wether Mr Weston did
absolutely demande Mr Wetheridge should give his bonde or
to deliver it uppon his word this deponent doth not well re-
member
And further he sayeth that being at Damerells Cove Jeffry
Coniish came abourde the ship caled the Swan and demanded
this deponent the cause of his brothers execution, sayinge yt
hath been told his brother was put to death wrongfully and that
he wold be revenged of them that were ye occasion of it.
And further sayeth yt whilst Jeffry Comish and this deponent
were in talke Mr Nevell cam in place and told ye said Jeffr>^ Cor-
nish yt he was at the triall of his brother and at his execution
and that he could say more conceminge his execution than this
deponent could doe, after w'ch this deponent was caled down
into ye hold, so yt wt other Conversation was betwixt them con-
ceminge that, he knoweth not The said Comish and Nevell re-
mayninge uppon the deck talkinge together, and further he
cannot depose.
John Giles swome and examined sayeth yt he heard Jeftry
Comish sware and sale that he w;old be the cause of the death
of those yt were ye cause of putting his brother to death, This
deponent beinge abourde their owne shipp caled the Swann,
And coming abourd another shipp riding hard by, but yt Ed-
ward Nevell or another told said deponent he was put to death
w-rongfuUy, he cannot say.
(182.)
Christopher Knollinge swome and examined sayeth that
being a shore at Damarells Cove in Canada JefTery Comish
cam unto him an d demanded of hi m w't he could say concer ning
""(TlWHcholas Rowe, who came in the Elizabeth in 1621, and Mary
Rowe who came in the London Merchant, 1020, were livmg at Elizabeth
City 1621-5.
•31
If J Jit>^ r.ii^ iiii J tv-iilUf \- }i
>n/1 hrtA
.IK
fsan
U-l'vt<r« Tit.^
MINUTES OF THE COUNCIL AND GENERAL COURT. 245
his brother being putt to death, sayinge that some of ye Swan
should tell him yt his brother was put to death wrongfully &
said yt he would spend his blood for his brother to be revenged
on them yt did it, but this deponent askinge him Deponent the
said Cornish who told him so, he refused to tell him. and more
he cannot say.
Nicholas Hodges swome and examined sayeth he herd Mr
Weston say to Nicholas Roe at Canada yt unles he would signe
a release unto him he would putt his two men ashore, and would
not bring them to Virginia
It is ordered yt A warrant be made to cause xMr Weston to
appeare [before] ye Governor and Councell at James Cyttie
one mond'ye the 12^^ ^f December and to bring up his pynnace
w'th him yf winde and weather will serve, yf not yt he do p'son-
ally apeare him self, and his pynnace to come upp after and yt
Mr Cnspe, Mr Newman, Mr Nevell, Thomas Godbie and all
others who have ought against or for Mr Weston do appear heere
the same D'ye Concerninge the business of 3'e Swan and yt Mr
Weston bring upp Mr Nevells goodes in ye barke
Yt is orderd yt Robert baring shall pay eight barrells of Corne
to Mr William Hanvood for ye Companyes dept w'ch is dew
unto him.
Yt is ordered yt Mr Procter shall paye to Mr Perry(12) in
recompense of his boat w'ch was splitt by Mr Procters meanes-
the some of fiftie pound weight of good merchantable tobacco,'
present payment.
Peter Busbey [or Bayley] swome and examined saith yt
commgedownin Mr Procters shallopp w'th passengers [and >]
Tobacco Edward ffysh [Fysher ?] espeied a duck ahead and spake
to ye Company to take her upp, and ye duck fiew away, but ye
shallop at that tyme sh ipt noe water
Th^^^L. ,^^'\'^^^'" P'--'"^y came to Virginia in 1611 and died Au?. 6. 1637 '
bore a sh^; Zvfrh "^"1'^ historian, who also states that the tomb
oore a shield with armorial bearings too worn to be identified Perrv
was appointed to the Council 1632-3: See this Magazine 11, 151 ^
240 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
(183.)
Caleb Page swome and examined sayeth ye he herde John
Pickcnell say 3't he did owe William Webster, purser of the
Elizabeth, fyftie pounds waight of Tobaeco, wherupon it is
ordered yt the purser shalbe paid tliis sum out of the Tobacco
w'ch Ijy order of Courte he is to i)ay to the provost marshall for
Peckem.ells goodes
And where it doth appear by Richard Page's books that he
doth owe William Brewere for five gallons of Aquavitae, and
tVvO barrells of grecne ginger yt is orderd yt Caleb Page shall
payc him for ye same, twenty-fower pounds of Tobacco
Yt is ordered that Thomas Dowethome(13) shall pay to
Sergeant John Harris for a dept of William Gantlett, deceased,
the quantitie of three ban-ells of Indyan Come presently, The
bill of Gauntletts p'duced in Court affirminge ye same to be
dew dept.
Yt is ordered yt Caleb Page shall receave the goodes of Thomas
Page his brother and to receave Tobacco for the sum, x\nd to
bring in a perfect Accoumpt therof unto this Courte, & shipping
3^e goodes. Tobacco for Englande deliver into ye Courte a bill
of ladinge for the samiC.
(184.)
A Courte lield the xii'' daye of December 1625, being present
Sr ffrancis W^'att, Knight, Governor &c, Capt Roger Smith,
Raphe Hamor, Mr William Cleyboume
At the humble desire of Captayne Thomas Willowby(14) ye
Courte hath assented he shall have two hundred acres of land
scituate aboute two myles w'thin the mouth of Pamunkey river
(13) The muster of Thomas Dunthonie, of Elizabeth City, at the
Census of 1624-5, included himself aged 27, who came in the Margaret &
John, 1620, Elizabeth Dunthorne, aged 38, who came in the TryalL. 1010,
and six servants. Dunthorne's wife v.as eleven years older than he, and
had been in the colony ten years longer; but marriage with an experi-
enced and thoroughly acclimated widow had its compensations.
John Harris owned 200 acres in Charles City in 1G26. William Gaunt-
let!, curiously, is entered in both the lists of living and dead in 1623;
but the latter was probably correct.
(14) Notices cf Thomas Willoughby, William Claiborne, Roger
Smith, and Ralph Hamor and their families have appeared in former
numbers of this Magazine. For a note on John Jefferson see XXIII,
19.
9r
(Mi)
.-../v/. ^ : ) y-.-l .-i.-i^ ..- ..-il L .^i
MJNUTES OF THE COl'NCIL AND GENERAL COURT. 247
and abuttingc westerlye on to Creeke and thence extendinji; one
hundred i^ole along ye banke of ye river and ye southedye side
of the said River, provided, that he plant and seate uppon the
saide lande, or some parte of the saide lande, v/'thin seaven }'ears
next after the date herof ensueinge or else ye s'd land to Vje free
any other to mal<;e choyse & yn[thenl ye saide Thomas
Willowbie to tal<e his said devident in some other playce.
Mr William Cleybounie, Counsellor of Estate, doth likewise
desireth of the Courte to have two himdred and ffyftie acres of
land granted unto him sytuate Aboute Archer's Hop^e and
abuttinge westerly uppon the lande of Joakin Androos & esterly
ui^^jjon the land of Lieut. John Jeffersone, vSoutherlie uppon the
maine river & northerly upi)on the maine lande unto w'ch his
request. The Courte doth willinglie consent Provided yt he
ymj^loy plant or seate uppon the said land w'thin seaven yeres
after the date therof
Capt Roger Smith Counsellor of estate doth likeu-ise desireth
of the Courte to have one hundred acres of lande for his own
p'sonall ad\'enture he beinge an old planter, fower Acres of the
said lande hteinge w'thin the jjrecincls of James Cyttie & the
other nyntie six sytuat uppon a Creeke w'thin the mouth of the
back river w'thin ye Corporalion of James Cyttie, deviding it
^^ 'esterly from the gleabe land, and thence extendinge along the
band: of the river fortie eight pole sutherly upi)on the mouth of
the said back river, and westcrl}' u]jpon ye maine land, unto
w'ch his request the Courte do willinglie consent he having
alreadie seated and planted u])on the said lande.
(1S5.)
Capt. Raphe Hamor Counsellor of estate doth like desireth
of the Courte to have five humired acres of land s^'tuate one
the northe side of Blunt poynt river, about three miles upp the
saide river & abuttinge northe westerlie upjjon A Creek deviding
it from the land of John Baynum(15), gent., &: thence extend-
(15) The Muster of Mr. John Banum and Robert Sweet, at Elizabeth
City, at the Censu- of 1524-5, includes John Banum a^ed 51, who came in
the Sivan in IGIG, Elizabeth Banum, at^n-d 43, who came in the Bona Nova
in 1G2(), Robert Sweet, aged 4J, who came in the Neptune in 1G18, and ^even
servants.
T« TJ.
b- ! V lii.f.f
it onfdrrc
OJ.'Uf J':;;;! ;!;•', if j/ fTo<|qt.f vh'Jia'iW !)i:tj; , i/>'ir ;!..i-i ftiiu: Ofli
^r'rv/.rf nl .'tr ' ' ■■■
248 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
inge Easterlie two hundred and ffyftie pole along the baiilce of
the said Blunt poynt river, sutherly uppon the maine lande,
unto w'ch his request the Courte doth willingly assent, provided
that the saide Capt. Hamor doth seat & plant uppon the said
lande or some parte of ye saide lande w'thin sea\'en }'eeres next
ensuinge after the date herof .
Randall Smallwood swome and examined sayeth that ffrarx'is
Michell(lO) did buye of Joseph Charde two houses iind six
Acres of land at Charles Hundred for a hundred and ffyftie
pound of tobacco and three bushells of Indyan Come w'ch
Tobacco and come was to be paid to the said Joseph Charde
when he did deliver ye writtings and the possessione of the said
houses and lande to the said ffrancis IMichell, And further saieth
That w'thin three or fower D'yes after The massacre happen-
inge, and the said Joseph Charde being in possession of the said
houses was forced by the Emcrgencie w'th others to cjuitt ye
saide hoiiscs, by reason wheras shortly after it was burnt by the
Indyans, And the said ffrancis Michell never ])ossest therof
The Courte findinge by \\iiness, and by the bill itsclfe yt the
said Tobacco was to be paid for the said houses and land wherof
he was never possest, do not conceave in equitie yt ffrancis
Michell should t)c compelled to paye the said Dept.
(18().)
John Sutheme swome and examined sayeth, That he was
p'fecting some Accompts for JMr Rowsley, (17) at w'ch tyme
he was very sicke, And among other writings Anthony West
his indenture cam to his hande, w'ch Indenture jMrs Rowsley
willed this deponent to give her, sayinge I will laye it by, for I
will give him his Indentures & sett him free
(IG) Francis Michell lived at Elizaljelh City Feb. 1G23, and Josuah
Chard, at^ed 36, who came in the Seaventine, May 1007, and Ann his wife,
aged 33, who came in the Bonny Bess, Auj^iist 1()23, were living at the
Neck of Land in Charles City 11)2-1-5.
(17) William and Eli.''.abeth Rowsley and a maid of theirs died at
James City between Feb. 1022 v.vd Feb. 1()23. Anthony West, who came
in the James, 1622, lived on the Treasurer's Plantation, jame^ City, U)24-5
a\
•.q '1.1 t
f J . ' » 'Jl 1 (^ I A- ^>ll/. < I-. 1 « |». i, I I I >1| . U'.J i>
MINUTES OF THE COUNCIL AND GENERAL COURT. 249
Henry Menefie [?], Marchant, swome and examined sayeth
yt he was in place at Mr Rovvsleys house with Capt. Sampson
Mr Rich. Bass when Mrs Rowsley did sett Anthony West free
and deHvered his Indentures to Capt Sampson to Gary into
England to his ffriends
Uppon the Testimonys above recorded the Courte doth order
that Anthony West shall have his ffrcedom, and his passe for
England.
(To be continued) '
c.i-, r
It;. ; > .■( ,.
Q*^S .TH'Jo
250 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
MRGINIA IN 1678-1679.
(Abstracts by W. N. Sainsbcry, and copies in the McDonald
and De Jamette Papers, Virginia vState Library.)
(Continued)
Whitehall Feb. 18, 1678-9.
Minutes of a Committee of Trade and Plantations.
Several heads of Instructions for Lord Culi)cper are read and
approved; such as relate unto the Church being put off 'till
Thursday next. To move his Maj. that some men of War be
appointed to cruize off the Channel to protect a considerable
fleet of homeward bound ships from the Algerines. On reading
petition of Col. Augustine Warner to except Capt. Bird(l), one
of the late rebels in Virginia out of the Act of Indemnity which
is preparing, by reason of jjctitioner having obtained a judg-
ment of £1000 against him, it is referred to the Attorney Gen-
eral.
(Colonial Entry Bk. No. 105. p. 311.)
Whitehall, Feb. 24, 1678-9.
Minutes of a Committee of Trade and Plantations.
Draught of an Act of Indemnity for Virginia being presented
to the Committee their Lordships think ft to refer it to M""
Attorney General. ■■
(Colonial Entry Bk. No. 103. p. 314.)
Feb. 26, 1678-9.
Lords of the Committee of Trade and Plantations.
to [the Attorney General?] For his report upon a Draught
of an Act of Indemnity for Virginia prepared by his Maj. Order
in Council, whether it be agreeable to same and in a legal form
and desiring him to make such alterations as he shall find nec-
essary. Draft. , , ' , .
(Colonial Papers.)
^ (T) WilUam Byrd the first of Henrico Co. and of "Westover."
.1 :■:'■ ■ ■•. 'J'.''
It;-r)
(.[le .q .501 .o'A
) A II'
(.M£ tj .W)l OH .Jia X;. :: ; .r ;
vip.GiNiA IN 1G78. ,, .. 251
Feb. 26, 1G78-9.
Detosition on Oath of Major Rcbeut Bristov/(2) late
of Virginia but nov/ of London, Merchant : that upon dcUvery
v\p of West's Point the ReL'iels laid down their arms and dis-
persed themselves— that Sir Wmx. Berkeley & his party then
came ashore and went to Green Spring, and afterwards caused
several persons estates to be seized including a parcel of to-
bacco belonging to Alexander Walker of Virginia.
(Colonial Papers, 1. p.)
Whitehall, Feb. 28, 1678-9.
Warrant by the King to the Attorney or Solicitor
General to j^repare a Bill for his Maj. signature containing a
Grant of the office of Secretary of Virginia to Nicholas Spencer(3)
from the date of the death of Thomas Ludwell late Secretary:
with povv'cr to execute the same by De]juty. >
(Colonial Pai:>ers. 1. p. see 12 May 1675.) , ,
WhiLchall, March 4, 1678-9.
Minutes of a Committee of Trade and Plantations.
Report prepared by order of the Committee for the disptach
of Lord Culpeper is read and approved, \Nhereupon the Earl of
Sunderland delivers a paj^er containing an Instruction to Lord
Culpeper for disposal of the Rex'cnue in Virginia a])j>ioveu by
his Majesty & to be added to his Lordshi[/s Insmictions.
Paper read from the Bishoi^ of London concerning the Church
in Virginia, Lord Culijeper to confer with the Bishop and to
agree upon heads fit to be inserted in his Instructions. Petition
of Robert Ayleway read touching his Patent of the Auditor's
Place of Virginia, to be jjostponed until Sec. Coventry be present.
(Colonial Entry Bk No. 105. pp. 317-318.)
(2) Robert Bristow, second son of R(jbert Brislow, Esg. of Ayot St.
Lawrence, Hertfordshire, was born in 1653, and settled in Virginia about
1060. He returned to England soon after Bacon's Rebellion and at his
death in 1707 was "of the parish of St. Gabriel Fenchurch, London, mer-
chant." He owned large landed estates in Virginia, which were pos-
sessed by his descendants (not residents in Virginia) for several genera-
tions. See this Magazine XIII, oD-dJ.
(3) Nicholas Spencer, 2d son of ,\'icholas Spencer, Esq. of Cople,
Bedfordshire, came to Virginia about 1659. He was a member of the
House of Burgesses. Secretary of State, President of the Council and
Acting Governor. See this Magazine I, 33, 31.
I5S
(, Vj .1 vTl^O } liifii' •♦uv.l
- • "/
( CTol vsl/. I'l y-/2 .■., i
0->uM > -•l-^-ji-.i"/
i orfJ ao»-|uo-; »;i /. .i/jv^n^qL bnn b
» fnc>.I "to
no.i kill o; L->( ;!.'/. -^d oJ yi vj?,j(£l./I 5tii
'.lu!.; /in )>:!■. I Huf ;[i !.)-jji-ii!ni oij
(.818-711: q.,
:»
252 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
Virginia March 10, 1G78-9
Mistress Susan Jeffreys(4j to Secretary CovExXTRY.
Her most deplorable condition caused by Col. Spencer, Lord
Culpeper's attorney, who lays claim against her for all per-
quisites since her hu.sband's arrival, notwithstanding the word-
ing of the King's letter. Has offered to give security, but that
will not satisfy therefore 'tis plain they seek her life in malice.
Begs his intercession with the King on her behalf.
' (Colonial Entry Bk. No. 80. pp. 305-300.) , . ,,
' •■ '" ' "' Whitehall, March 14, 1078-9
Order of the King in Council on Report of Committee
FOR Trade and Plantations of 18 February last touching
Lord Culpeper's Commission and Instructions as Governor of
Virginia, recommending that his Maj. revoke the Grants(5)
to the Earls of St. Alban and Arlington, Lord Culpeper & others
according to his gracious promise made to the Country satisfy-
ing the patentees for their interests: that the Quit rents be
applied to building one considerable Fort: that James Town
be speedily rebuilt and be the Metropolis of Virginia as the most
ancient & convenient place: that they cannot advise that dis-
placed Councillors should be incapable of being chosen into the
Assembly as in Jamaica: that all persons of what degree or
quality soever be obliged to take the Oath of Allegiance: that
furniture be sent for 200 Dragoons with tents to enable the
Gov to mount foot soldiers to prevent incursions from the
Indians: that after Lord Culpeper's departure a mace & a
sword be sent to Virginia with furniture for his L<3rdships'
chappel also that the presents to the Indian Princes be forth-
with delivered to his Lo'p: that all writs be issued in his Maj.
name only: that Sir Hen. Chicheley, Colonels Nath. Bacon,
Wm. Cole, Daniel Parks, Tho. Swann, Robt. Smith, Nich.
Spencer, Rowland Place, Ralph Wormley, Augustine Warner,
Jos. Bridger, Major Richard Lee, Major General Custis, and
Francis Leigh be continued in the Council : that Colonels Ballard
Bray and Philip Ludwe ll, for their unworthy behaviour and
(4) The widow of Governor Herbert Jeffreys.
(5) The grant for the Northern Neck of Virginia. •
oj
ve
■' VIRGINIA IN 1678. 253
demerits be dejirived of that honor & trust: and that Col. Robt.
BcAX'rley, Clerk of the Assembly and Col. Edward Hill, Presi-
dent of Charles City Count>" who "have appeared unto us
under a character of evil fame and behaviour in their respective
offices," be put out of all employment & not admitted to any
place of tioist until his IMaj. pleasure be further known: and
that Lord Culpej^er be ordered, on his amval in Virginia to
signify his Maj. high resentment of ihe disloyal and seditious
declaration of the Assembly about his Maj. Commiss" calling
for their Original Journals &c. and find out the authors & abet-
tors thereof that they may receive the marks of his Maj. dis-
pleasure for this their great presumption ; approving said Report
and that Lord Culpeper's Comn:ission and Instructions be
prepared accordingly and Henry Meere [Meesc] added to the
List of Councillors for Virginia. 7 pp.
(Colonial Entry Bk. No. SO. pp. 260-273.) V ''' /'
Whitehall, March 19, 1678-9
Order of the King in Council on Report of the Com-
mittee FOR Trade and Plantations of 10 February last [see
abstract! on petition of Elizabeth Dudle3^ widow, approving
same and directing Governor Lord Culpeper, on his arrival in
Virginia to cause restitution to be made to the i^etitioner or
her assigns of the fifteen hogsheads of tobacco or the true value
thereof.
(Colonial Entry Bk. No. 80. pp. 276-S.)
April 1, 1679
The King to the Council of Virginia. His Majesty has
received the ill news of the death of Herbert Jeffreys, Governor
of Virginia and has understood by their letter to Sec. Coventry
that they have received Sir Henry Chicheley as Deputy Gov-
ernor according to the King's Commission under privy seal
heretofore given to him. Well approves of this act of oedience.
Is resolved to send Thos. Lord Culpeper, Governor, by the first
ships and in the mean time his Maj : requires that all further
suits relating to the late Rebellion be superseded until his
arrival.
(Colonial Entry Bk. No. 80. p. 304.)
i,:^
(.>J-tiTi' x]<i OH .oVI
)Rcf6
lot' .q 08 oVl
1 .-)■
254 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. 2.^'.'
-■: .^^•.tu^„-,^ ; ,. ru nH.f .■ Whitehall, April 2, 1679
The King to Sir Henry Chichelev, Deputy Governor
OF Virginia. Apj^roves of hi.s taking u])on himself the com-
mand of the Colon}' as Deputy Governor since the death of
Lieut. Gov. Herbert Jeffreys — Intends disjmtching Thos. Lord
Culpeper, Governor, by the next ships with full instructions
to settle matters there and requires that in the mean time all
further suits relating to the late Rebellion there be superseded
till his arrival.
(Colonial Papers. L p.) see 12 May 1675.
Whitehall, April 14, 1679
Minutes of a Committee of Trade and Plantations.
Lord Culpeper 's Commission prepared by the Committee is
read, but being doubted whether the same being only during
pleasure might not prejudice his Lord'p's former grant of the
Government w^hich is during life, Ordered that M'' Attorney
General prepare such clauses and provisoes as may secure his
Lordship's right. Ix)rd Cul])eper's Instructions read and
approved. Their Lordships taking notice of the Complaints
made in Virginia of the heaviness of taxes raised by poll order
an Instruction to be prepared that his Lordship recommend to
the Assembly the finding out a more equal and easy way for
levying money — Sec. Coventry acquaints the Committee in
reference to Robt. Ayleway's petition that the place of Auditor
of Virginia had been foiTnerly possessed by Col. Nath. Bacon
& confinned to him under his Maj. Sign Manual in 1675 & that
Ayleway's Patent ought to be void as obtained without a know-
ledge of the right already vested in Bacon.
(Colonial Entry Bk. No. 105. pp. 325-6.)
'■■ ' Whitehall, April 16, 1679
Minutes of a Committee of Trade and Plantations.
Acts of Oblivion, of Naturalization, and for raising a public
revenue in Virginia read and approved. Several Laws made
by Sir Wm. Berkeley on 20 Feb'y 1676-7 to be repealed accord-
ing to an Instmction given to Lord Culpeper, viz. — Acts of
Free Pardon, of Attainder, inflicting Pains, Penalties and Fines
)
MtaD
■ \X
T L
-J,
•
)
. , VIRGINIA IN 1G78. '•* ' • • 255
upon great offendors, for the relief of loyal persons who have
suffered loss by the late Rebels, limiting times of receipt and
payment of public tobaccos, regulating Ordinaries and the
prices of Liquors, disposing Amerciaments upon past actions,
concerning servants who were out in Rebellion, & for laying of
Parish levies: as also two Acts passed at Middle Plantation 10
Oct. 1677 viz: — for dehvery of stray horses' &c. and for signing
executions on judgments.
Their Lordships having thus finished Lord Culpeper's Com-
mission and Instructions & the Acts before mentioned agree to
report that same be transmitted to Sec. Coventry to be dis-
patched with all speed: also that the Master of the Ordnance
take care to change the powder now in Virginia. All which is
ordered same day in Council & the papers delivered to Sec.
Coventry on 20**' Inst.
(Col. Entry Bk. No. 105. pp. 327-328.) ' -'" • '' ". '
Whitehall, April 16, 1679
Order of the King in Council. That Lord Culpeper's
Commission and Instructions and the Acts of Oblivion and
Naturalization be transmitted to Secretary Coventry to be
dispatched with all convenient speed.
(Colonial Entry Bk. No. 80. p. 312.) ■"'■■^ ' •'• ' ' "'
,. " '•■'■".■ ' ■■''■'•■■'■■■'■■" * ■■ ■'
May 1, 1679
Memorandum of Receipt by Ja: Kenvin of papers from
William Blathwayt relating to the case of the Widow Dudley
of Virginia, including her petitions to the King, Sir Wm.
Berkele}' and the Commissioners of Virginia — together six
papers.
(Colonial PapcxS.) :',;■. a- . .. ■ -■
I '-'.
(.L
iiVoi ,r vr.M
(.a'iO»;if^
250 virginia historical magazine.
• ■, Sir Henry Chicheley to Secretary Coventry.
;■ : . ■ . (Copy) ■ •■ ' ';; '- .
; Read in Council July 25, 1679. ' " '" • '
,:, ;, , Virginia, May 20, 1 079.
Right Hon'blc
The Inclosed is a Letter from the General Assembly of Vir-
ginia to His most Sacred Ma'^', being a compendious Narrative
of this Countrys sufferings and our humble su])plications for
such relief as to His Ma*'*-'^ wisdom shall seem meet. Upon
wliich I beg leave to enlarge in this Address to your worthy Self.
To w^hose promice the affairs of this place do properly belong
and of v/hose Justice and favour to Our low and calamitous
condition myself and the whole Colony are \\el\ assured by
many past instances. The present Sessions the Assembly re-
ceived complaints from the Countys Isle Wight, Nanzemond,
York and James City in relation to the quartering of His INla*'''^
Soldiers. The two first named by virtue of a Warrant from the
late Lieuten' Governor having received command to quarter
and provide for Major Mutlows Company from the 14"' July
1677 till the 16'^ January following for which they are still in-
debted to the said Inhabitants the full and just sum of two
hundred and forty nine pounds six shillings and three pence as
by account under the hand of John Tong Lieutenant of that
Company dated the 26"' January 1677-8 exhibited by their
Burgesses doth appear. The t\\'o last mentioned have Yet had
no satisfaction for twelve months Quarters and provisions
allowed to His Ma""'' Soldiers now under the Command of
Captain William Morris whose pay for no part of that time is
yet anived. So that His Ma''"^ subjects and Soldiers of, and
in, this Country are equally distressed; To this may be added
that our late troubles and distractions with the frequent in-
cursions of Indians for three years last past and recent murther
of our frontier people hath so much impaired our Stocks that
the remnant of them will barely give assistance for defence of
the Country and support of our familys : I therefore humbly beg
Your Honor that in consideration of the vast charge the In-
habitants of this Country ha\'e been and daily are at, for pre-
.av
Xii b. ' Acii:
».
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71 ■
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?
vrsM VIRGINIA IN 1G78. '*'"'• 257
servation of this weak and depopulated place you would be
pleased to further our humble motion to his Ma'^ for release
of all Arrears of Quit Rents which having been so long due and
amounting to so vast a vSum, would otherwise fall heavy upon
all and especially the ix)orest, with this addition that, for such
time as may be agreeable to His Ma'^'=' Royal Compassion the
Money growing due from the same may be appropriated to de-
fray part of the Expence necessary for our safety. For these
and all other Favours past and future I have nothing to offer
but constant gratitude and assurance that in what I shall be
capable will ever be ready to own the Honor I now assume by
siibscribing
Right Hon'ble
Your most [humble] servant
' Hen'y Chicheley
To the Right Hon'ble
AI'' Sec'y Coventry
Princi]3al Sec'''-''*
of State. ' ' ' ' ' ,.
' ' A true Copy teste
' W. Davis. * ■'
Sir Henry Chicheley to the King.
(Copy)
Read in Council July 25, 1679.
May it please Your most Excellent Ma'^
The late intestine divisions of this Your Ma""^^ Colony of
Virginia together with the Charge of a tedious War with the
Indians who daily make Incursions and sometimes murthers
upon us have reduced us to a poor and distressed Estate and
enforced us to interrupt Your Ma''^" most mighty affairs with
this our humble supplication in behalf of Y M Soldiers
and ourselves. The first of which we have out of the small
remnants of our S xxx funiisht with what is necessary for a
twelve month past and as in duty Ijound shall continue our care
towards them till Your Ma'^ shall be pleased to commiserate
•l-.ji "imO oui^ A
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,UT»J .cS yl>
258 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
both our conditions and in regard of the great losses we have of
late sustained We hope that Your Royal Goodness will pardon
us our request for remission of all Arrears of Quit Rents due to
Your Sacred IMa'^ and for the supply of the excessive charge
we must necessarily undergo in defense of our Frontiers that
for such time as Your Royal Wisdom shall allow the same be
to that use a])propriated.
That Your Ma'^ may be protected by the King of Kings
from all Temix)ral and Spiritual Enemies and Rcigne long in
peace and prosperity are the incessant prayers of
Your Ma"''^ most himible and most obedient subjects and
servants
Hen: Chicheley
Mathcw Kemp Speaker
A true Co]}y teste
W. Davis.
At the Court at Whitehall the 25"' July 1679.
Upon reading this day at the Board a Letter from S"" Hen:
Chicheley and the Speaker of the Assembly of Virginia to His
Ma'ty together with a Letter from S"" H. Chicheley to the
Right Hon'ble M' Sec. Coventry. It is ordered that the same
be referred unto the Right Hon'ble the Lords of the Committee
for Trade and Plantations to take care therein.
John Nicholas.
A true Copy teste
Wm. Davis.
At the Council Chamber at Whitehall the sixth of
August 1679
Present
Lord Archbishop of Canterbury Earl of Halifax
Lord President Earl of Radnor
Earl of Bridgewater M' Sec. Coventry"-
Earl of Essex M^ Chanc' of the Excheq""
M' Powle
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10
VIRGINIA IN 1678. 259
The Right Hon'ble the I^ords of His Ma^'®" most Hon'ble
Privy Council having penised a Letter from S'' H. Coventry
[Chicheleyl Lieuten' Governor of Virginia to the Right Hon'ble
M'' Sec'y Coventry dated the 20'*" May last as also our Address
to His Ma'ty from the Great Assembly of Virginia in behalf
of themselves and His Ma'''"" soldiers for the payment of the
Arrears due unto the Country and them and for remission of all
Arrears of Quit Rents due unto His Ma'ty as likewise for the
Appropriation of such as shall hereafter become due during
such tenn as His Ma'ty shall think fit for the defence of the
Colony and their Lordships understanding that the Lords
Commissioners of his Ma""'* Treasury had taken care to provide
for their full pay until the first day of Jul. last exclusively think
fit to desire the Right Hcm'ble M' Sec'y Coventry to prepare a
Letter for the Royal Signature unto the Right Hon'ble the Lord
Culjjcper His M. Governor of Virginia dircK^ting His Lord-
shi]j to acquaint the As.sembly upon his arrival in Virginia with
the care His Ma'ty had taken at the instance of the Lord Cul-
peper, before the receij^t of their Address for payment of their
Arrears due unto the Soldiers unto the time above mentioned
and for the continuance of the same for the future without any
charge or other trouble unto the Colony than only to giv^e crcHilit
for their Quarters at two shillings per week each until Money
for their discharge can be from time to time remitted. And
as for the Quit Rents that His Ma'ty on the Representation of
the Lord Culpejjcr hath also had that matter long before the
receipt of that Address under His Royal consideration and will
shortly give such Orders as shall consist with His service and
ease of the people.
And lastly, to acquaint them that he hath sent some laws to
thein and given the Lord Culpeper Instructions to signify His
further pleasure and Command to them, to which he expects
a cheerful and ready com])liance assuring them on all occasions
of his particular care and Kindness for that His Ma""^ Colony.
And whereas it is convenient for His Ma'"'^ sen'ice that the
Lord Culpepers Additional Ct)mmission dated the
oas
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260 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE,
be not published until some time after His Lordships arrival the
Right Hon'ble M"" Sec'y Coventry is likewise desired to prepare
an Instruction to the L^ Culpeper whereby his Lordship may
be directed to forbear the publication of the said Additional
Commission for the space of six Months after his arrival in Vir-
ginia if his Lorship shall so think fit.
A true Cojjy teste
W. Davis.
(To be Continued)
IV
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2t>2
VIRGINIA GLEANINGS IN ENGLAND. 261
VIRGINIA GLEANING IN ENGLAND.
t. . • i > ■
Thomas Atkins of Chard, county Somerset, being aged but
of good and perfect memory. Will 10 August 1641; proved 20
July 1653. I give my body to be buried in the churchyard of
Chard according to the discretion of my friends. All such im-
plements and household stuff as my wife Elizabeth had before
I married her, I wholly bequeath and redeliver to her again.
Out of my own proper goods I bequeath unto Anna Sell wood,
my daughter, my bedstead now standing in the parlour, with
the truckle bedstead under him. To Mathew Sellwood, my
grandchild and godson, my small square table board standing
in the hall. To Sarah Sellwood, my grandchild, my small
chest. All the rest of my own proper goods I bequeath to
Thomas Sellwood and Abraham Sellwood, whom I ordain my
executors, provided that all the goods and chattels that were
bequeathed to me by Elizabeth Atkins, my aunt deceased, shall
remain to the use of my wife, to use with her ov^ti, as formerly
she hath done, without any voluntary spoil thereof, for such
time as she doth remain my widow. I do appoint to be my
overseers in trust for the benefit of my executors, my brother
William Atkins and my cousin William Atkins the younger,
desiring them of their loves, as much as in them lies, that this
my will may be performed according to my true intent and
meaning. Per me Thomas Atkins. Witnesses: John Boyle,
Amfusten Walker. Proved by Thomas Sellwood one of the
executors named, with power reserved to grant a like com-
mission to the abovesaid Abraham Sellwood Brent, 166. ,, ;
John Atkins, of Chard, Somerset, merchant, died in 1636. His will,
published in this Magazine XI, 150, shows that he had a grandson, John
Atkins, then living in Virginia. The will also names a brother Thomas
Atkins, probably the testator above.]
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262 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
William Bedell, of greate Catworth in the Countie of Hunt.,
Gent., Dated 27 May 1612. Proved 6 July 1012. My bodie
to bee buried in the Chauncell of great Catworth aforesaid And
as conceminge the disposition of my landes, Tenements, and
Hereditaments. I doe devise as followeth: All the Ferme
called the Brooke end Ferme in Catsworth with all landes,
Tenemts, and hereditamts. thereunto belonging, nowe in the
tenure of Silvester Bedell my sonne, and all those twoe Cottages
in the tenure of Michaell Smith and Edward Kinge, to my sonne
George Bedell. To hold the same during the life of Ehzabeth
my wyfe And after her decease the same to Henry Bedell my
sonne and to the heires males of his body, and for want of such
issue to George Bedell my sonne and to the heires males of his
body, and for want of such yssue to Francis Bedell my sonne
and the heires males of his body, and for want of such yssue to
Silvester Bedell, my eldest sonne and the heires males of his
body, and for want of such yssue to the right heires of mee the
said William Bedell for ever. All the residue of my messuages,
houses, landes, and Hereditaments, in the Towne parish and
Feildes of great Catworth aforesd. in the Counties of Hunt,
and Northampton to my wife Elizabeth during her l^de and
after her decease the same to my said sonne Geoige Bedell and
to the heires males of his body. And for default of such yssue
then to Henry Bedell my sonne, and to the heires males of his
body And for default of such yssue then to Francis Bedell my
sonne and to the heires males of his body. And for default of
such yssue then to Silvester Bedell my sonne and to the heires
males of his body. And for default of such yssue to the right
heires of mee forever. All that my wood and woodgrounds in
the parish of Ellington and my meadowe and meadowe grounde
in Waybridge meadowe in the parish of Awconburyc and my
Closes in the parish of Brington in the Countie of Hunt, to my
said wife Elizabeth during her lyfe, and after her decease to my
said Sonne George Bedell and to the heires males of his body.
And for want of such yssue to Henry Bedell my sonne and to the
heires males of his body. And for want of such yssue to Francis
BedeU my sonne and to the heires males of his body. And for
want of such yssue then to Silvester Bedell my sonne and to the
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VIRGINIA GLEANINGS IN ENGLAND. 263
heires males of his body. And for default of such yssue then to
the use of the right heires of nriee for ever. Also to my said wife
Elizabeth, my two Cottages with the landes thereunto belonging
in Bythome in the said County of Hunt, during her lyfe, and
after her decease to my grandchild Willm Bedell sonne of my
said Sonne Sylvester Bedell and to the heires males of his body.
And whereas I have reserved certain pastures and inclosed
groundes called IVIoldesworth olde als Moldesworth wolde in
Moldesworth in the County of Hunt, for the terme of my lyfe
and twelve yeares after my decease, as appeareth in the con-
veyance betweene my brother in lawe Mr James Pickering and
me, my will is that all my stocke of Cattell going upon the said
groundes shalbe sould towards the jjayment of my debts. And
that the groundes and Closes shalbe given to Elizabeth my wife.
To my daughters Dorothy and Jane Bedell, one hundred
poundes a peece. I will that all my Writings conceminge my
landes in Kymbolton shalbe kept by my wife unto the use of
my Executors And my said landes, Tenements, and
Hereditaments, in the towne and parish of Kymbolton, afore-
said, in the County of Hunt, to my Executors and their heires
to be sold by them for the payinge of my debtes, (except that
Messuage wherein widdow Carter now dwelleth, which I give
to said Sonne Francis Bedell and to his heires for ever upon
Condicon that hee paye the some of one hundred poundes
towardes the pa>4nge of my debtes). And to my said wife
Elizabeth that Tenement in Moldesworth olde wherein-Petiver
nowe dwelleth and the Close there called Petivers Yarde con-
taining by estimacon eight acres and also that other Close there
called Horse Close containing by estimacon xxiiij acres.
To my Cosen Bate and his wyfe, Tenn shillings apeece.
To such Children as my sonne in lawe Mr Henry Godfrey
hath by my daughter Ann, deceased, twenty marks, to be equally
de\'ided amongst them. And to my said sonne in lawe Henry
Godfrey his wife that nowe is, tenne shillings. And to their
lytle sonne Henry Godfrey tenn shillings.
To my daughter Bedell, the wife of my sonne Silvester
Bedell, Tenn shillings. "And to my grandchild Willm Bedell,
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264 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
twentie shillings and to the rest of their Children, tenne shill-
ings apeece."
To my daughter Elizabeth Robinson twentie shillings.
To my Sonne in lawe Richard Dixey and Bridgeli his w>^e,
my daughter Twenty shillings apeece, and to every one of their
Children, tenne shillings apeece.
To my twoe sonnes Gabriell Bedell and John Bedell, Five
poundes a peece.
"To Sr Thomas Bedell xxvs. and to my Nephew Capell
Bedell his sonne, tenne shillings. And to every of the Children
of my brother Sr John Bedell tenn shillings a peece other then
to the said Sr Thomas Bedell."
My will is that George Bedell my sonne shall remaine with
m)' wyfe and have his meate and drinlce and lodgeinge free,
"to the end hee may loke to her husbandry and bee a good
husband for her profitt." I have in m}^ yron Chest in great
Cattworth thirty poundes and also a gold ringe having my seale
of Amies u]jpon it, which was my fathers. I give thereof to my
said wife one peece of gold beinge a "portigne," to my said sonne
Silvester one other "jiortagne". and also the said gold ringe.
To my sonne Petitt and my daughter Petitt, twenty shillings
apeece, And to every of the Children of my said daughter Petitt,
tenne shillings a peece. And to every of the Children of my
said daughter Pettitt tenne shillings a peece.
To my sonne Hawes and Mary my daughter his wife, twenty
shillings apeece, and to my other Children George, Henry,
Dorothy and Jane, twent}' shillings apeece.
To my Cosen Mr Gabriell Clarke, tenn shillings. To Mr
Mosley and his w}^e. Five shillings a peece. To the Towne of
Hamton for the use of the poore. Five poundes. And to the
towne of greate Catworth other Five poundes to the use of the
poore. And to the towne of Moldesworth other Five j^oundes
to the use of the i)oore. To the townes of Brington, Laighton,
Stowe, Tilbroke, lytle Catworth and Covington to the uses of
the poore. Five shillings apec^ce to every of the said townes. To
my godchildren xijd a peece (other then to Willm Mosley) my
godsonne to whom I give Twenty shillings. To ever_\' of my
servants, Five shillings ajjeece. To the poore of great Cat-
9^
',!■■»•
VIRGINIA GLEANINGS IN ENGLAND. 265
worth, Twenty shillings to be distributed amongst them on the
daye of my buriall.
Executors, my said wife Elizabeth Bedell and my sonnes George
Bedell and Francis Bedell.
Overseers. Sr John Bedell, my brother, and my brother in
la we, Mr Thomas Wightman and my said sonne in la we Mr
Henry Godfrey.
Residuary Legatees, my said Executors. . . ,
Thomas Whitman, Thomas Emery, Gabriell Clarke, Brude-
nell Mosley: Witnesses.
Proved 6 July 1612 by the Executors named. 64 Fenner.
[Dorothy, daughter (;f William Bedell, the testator, who, in the Hunt-
tingtonshire Visitation of 1013, is styled "of Moldsworth," married first,
Edward Burwell, of Harlington, Bedfordshire (and was mother of Lewis
Burwell, emigrant to Virginia) and secondly Roger Wingate, Esq. of
Bedfordshire, who was Treasurer of Virginia 1639-1641. The sons
Gabriel and John were probably in Virginia. Gabriel and John Beadle
(a frequently used spelling of Bedell) came m the Secf)nd Supply in 1608,
and Captain Smith, who soon afterwards took Gabriel on an expedition,
called him "a gallant" and "a proper gentleman." John and (iabriel
Bedell were members of the Virginia Company. Sr John Bedell
whose will follows, was brother of William Bedell, above, antl Sir John
was a son of Sir John. See also Keith's Ancestry of Benjamin Harrison,
pp. 34, 35.]
Sr John Bedell of Hamerton in the Countie of Hunt,
knight. Dated 25 Feb. 1612-13. Proved 23 Apr. 1613. To
my sonne Henr}' Bedell, All those my Messuages, Fermes,
Cottages, Closes, landes. Tenements medowes and heredita-
ments in Steple Giddinge in the Countie of Hunt, to the said
Henry Bedell and to his heires for ever. And upon Condicon
that he shall not Convaie the same to any person or persons,
one Annuytie of Twentie poundes to be taken out of my Mannor
of Wolley wth thapptirtenances in the Countie of Htmt.
To John Bedell, my sonne. All that my Mannor of Wolley,
and all my messuages, Fermes, Cottages, laandes, tenements,
and hereditaments in Wolley aforesaid. And all my meadowes,
landes. Tenements, and hereditaments in Anconburie in the
said Countie of Htmt, And the Donation, free disfKJsicon and
right of pronage of the Rectorie, pi.she Churche, and psonage
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206 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
of Wolley. And the donation of the Rectorie, parish Church,
and parsonage of Thuming in the said Countie of Hunt. The
said Annuytie of Twentie poundes given to my said sonne Henry
out of the Mannor. of Wolley accepted. To the said John
Bedell and to his heires for ever.
And whereas I have jjurchased of my sonne Sr Thomas
Bedell certen landes in Cottesbroke conteyninge f3^ftene acres
more or lesse. In Condicon my said sonne be pleased to accept
the same in satisfaccon of his porcon of my goods I doe give
unto him all the said fiftene acres, to hold to him and his heires
for ever. To Capell Bedell, sonne of my said sonne Sr Thomas
Bedell, my Bason and Ewer of Silver
To my daughter Francis Bedell, the some of foure hundred
poundes, and all my howsehold stuffe in my house in Hamerlon
aforesaid. And whereas there is Due to me by my sonne in lawe
Mr George Catesbie upon a statute the some of Threescore
poundes. I doe forgive the said Debt, and will that my Eexec-
utor vshall deliver unto him the said statute to be cancelled.
And upon Condicon that my saide sonne Catesbie doe not molest
or troble my Executor I doe give unto everie of the Children of
my said sonne and daughter Catesbie nowe livinge wch shall
accomjjlish the age of one and Twentie yeres. Twentie poundes
a peece, to be paid unto them as they accomplish their severall
ages of one and Twentie y cares.
To every of the Children of my sonne in lawe Sr Seymor
Knightley and my Daughter Dorothie his wife nowe livinge
wch shall accomplish the age of one and twentie yeares, Twentie
poundes a peece to be paide unto them severall when they shall
accomplish the ages of one and Twentie yeares.
Towardes the repaire of the Church of Hamerton, Five
poundes, To the poore people in Hamerton, aforesaid, fourtie
shillings. To the poore people of Buckworth, Laighton, Old-
weston, Steple Gidding and Coppingford, To each Townshipp,
Twentie shillings a peece, to be distributed wth the adivce of
my *"Tennt (sic), *[Tenant?] Phillipp Hustwhatt of Wolley
aforesaid.
To every one of my yeoman servants, that have dwelt with
me two yeares, Fortie shillings a peece And to everie one of my
VIRGINIA GLEANINGS IN ENGLAND. 267
maide servants wch have dwelt with me one yeare. Five shill-
ings a peece.
Residuary Legatee and vSole Executor, my said sonne John
Bedell. Supervisor, my said sonne Henrie Bedell.
RO: STEVENS ) Witness.
Proved 23 April 1613 by the Sole Executor named. 28 Capell.
Sir Thomas Bedell, Knighte, *of Hammerton, Hunts.
Dated 5 Jul> 1613. Administration 21 July 1613.
*Pro Act Book.
To be interred in Hammerton in the Countie of Huntingdon
in the churche there at the feete of my Fathers Interment.
I commend the Tuition and guardianshipp of my sonne
Capell Bedell, during his minority to Sir Arthur Capell, Knighte,
his grandfather. I will that all the debtes which I owe be dulye
payed; to Mr Woodrooffe at the Golden Bell in Cheapeside,
twelve poundes.
To my brother Henrye Beadle, threescore poundes. "To
my brother John Bedell, the debts (sic) touching which I re-
ferre my selfe to my specialties sealed to hym." I have in the
handes of my cosin William Smithe a bond for the satisfying
of twoe thousand poundes with the Interest which is due to me
from the Compan3^e of the Adventurers to East India.
All my goods Cattells, moveable and unmoveable reall or
personall of what nature soever, to my said sonne Capell Bedell.
And for the ymploying and disposing of all my sayed goods to
the best benefitt of my sayd sonne during his minority, I doe
appointe Sir Arthur Capell to take the Chardge. Out of which
sayd goods I doe except suche parte as I shall hereafter dispose
of vizt :
To my Cozen Silvester Bedell, one guilt bowle with a Cover.
To my brother Harry Bedell, one hundred poundes. To my
brother John Bedell, twoe hundred poundes and twoe gueld-
inges which I nowe have in the Citie of London. To my Sister
Bridget Catesbye, one hundred i_)Ounds. To my Sister Dame
Dorothie Knighteley, one hundred poundes. To my Sister
Francis Bedell, one hundred poundes. To Sr Arthur Capell
Knighte, one Bason and an Ewer of Silver, twoe Salts of Silver,
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268 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZHSTE.
three Silver Bolles, twelve silver spoones, and One hundred
poundes. To my Cosin Mr Henry Smithe, Doctor of phisicke,
Twelve peeces of gould of twentie and twoe shillings the peece.
To Mr John Bignett, Minister at Hamerton, f>^e poundes. To
John Baker, tenne poundes. To Thomas Else, my servant,
tenne poundes. To my servant John Hill, fower poundes. To
John Tall, of Woolley in Huntingdonshire, a Sorrell nagg which
I have at Hammerton. To Moncke and Woodall, my twoe
Sheppards at Hammerton, fyve poundes a peece. To my ser-
vant Richard Allen, fortie shillings. To my servant, Thomas
Brilston, fyve poundes, whome I doe entreate Sr Arthur CapeJI
to receyve into his service. To John Frier, my servant, fortye
shillings. To my servant, Thomas Pitman, fower poundes.
To my servant, Solomon Johnson, tenne poundes. To every
of Sr Arthur Capells Children a peece of gould of twoe and
twentie shillings. To my brother in lawe Mr Arthur Capell,
a blacke Cloathe cloake lyned with plush. To the poore In-
habitants of Hammerton, fyve poundes. And to the poore
Inhabitants uppon my parte of the Land in Cottesbrooke, tenne
poundes. To the Reparacon and use of the Parish Churche
of Hammerton, fyve poundes. To the Reparacon of the parishe
churche of Cottesbroke, fyve pound To the children of
both my Sisters the Ladye Knighteley and my Sister Catesbye.
to every of them a peece of gould of twoe and twentie shillings.
To Sr Francis Canlton [Caulton], Knighte, fyve poundes.
Sole Executor, my said sonne Capell Bedell.
Thomas Cannon, Henry Smithe, Maurice Canon, Solomon
Johnson, Johane Bayhe, Witnesses.
21 July 1613. Administration of the goods etc. of the late
Sr Thomas Bedell Knight, granted to Sr Arthur Capell, Knight,
during the minority of Capell Bedell the Exor named. 87
Capell.
John Belfield of Paignton in the Countie of Devon, gent.
Dated 24 Feb. 14 Jas. Proved 4 July 1617.
My bodie to be buried in the Church of Paington.
To the poore of the parish of Paington, the some of fower
poundes, to bee disposed by the discreacon of David Davies,
vicker of Paington and Allen Belfeilde my .sonne.
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VIRGINIA GLEANINGS IN ENGLAND. 269
To Allen Belfcild, my sonne and Amies Bickford, daughter of
Gregory- Bickford of Rattery whome the said Allen intendeth
to take to wife, all those cloases of land called or knowne by the
name of the North Kill parke. And alsoe one other Cloase of
land called the plaine Close before Huckwill "Yeat" [?Yeat:
that] with all and singuler thappurtenaunces "which before this
tyme unto the said two Closes of land were allotted and laid
out and were parcell of Goodrington parke" all wch premisses
doc cuntaine *[yt: it] by estimacon threescore and six acres of
land be *yt more or lesse and are seituate within the parish of
Paington aforesaid, to have and to hold unto the said Allen
Belfcild and Ames Bickford and their assignes duringe the lives
of John Belfcild the younger, Richard Belfcild and Suzan Bel-
fcild Children of the said John Belfeild thelder and every of them
longest livinge the said Allen Belfeild and Ames Bickford paye-
inge therefore all such Rentes and agreementes as the said John
Belfeild and his assignes or any of them are bounde to pay and
performe for the same during the said term.
I will that my sonne Allen Belfeild shall demise and lease unto
Jolm Belfeild the younger, my sonne, "Flatchers bargaine" and
"Fosses Browne Parkes," for tcrme of two lives in revercon of
the lives alreadie in possession by deed suilficiente in the lawe
of which twoe lives the said John to be one. My sonne Allen
shall lykewise lease unto Richard Belfield, my sonne, two lives
in one Tenemente called Brownswill otherwise Browneswill
lying in Holberton.in revertion of the state alreadie in the same
graunted by deede sufhciente in the lawe of which two lives the
said Richard to be one.
To Catherin, my daughter, the some of five poundes.
To Margaret Belfeild, my daughter, one hundred poundes.
To my daughter Joane Belfcild, the some of one hundred
poundes to be paide to each of them at their marriage dales.
To each of the Children of my daughters, vizt. Marie, Cath-
erine, and Cicellie, fower Ewes and foure lambes.
To my daughter Suzan, her childe, yf she be with child, fower
Ewes and fower lambes.
Residuary Legatee and Sole Executrix, Margarett my wife.
270 I ; • 1 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
Davide Davies "Vicario de Paington," Edward Sweatland
and Allen Belfeild, Jacob Emott, Witnesses.
Proved 4 July 1617 by the Sole Executrix named. 74 Weldon.
[In a note to Worthy's Devonshire Wills, there is reference to a Toljy
Belfield, clothier, who was a witness to the will of Wm Adam of Paignton,
16SS. Worthy states that subsequently the Belfields acquired property
at Paignton, known as "Primley" by marriage with Finney and the
manor of Leworth in the parish of Hcatheringtun. In Paignton Church
is a memorial inscription to Allan Belfield, 1800. The latter endowed a
school at Paignton with the sum of £1000. John Finney Belfield, son
of Rev. Finney Belfield, succeeded to Primley and other piroperty at
Paignton in 1858. The will proved here gives much earlier information
in regard to the family. The index to Devonshire wills, administrations
and estate accounts in the Consistory Court of the Bishop of Exeter (Har-
lein Society, Vol. II) contains references to the following: Alane Belfield,
of Mauldon, 1548; Allan Belfield, Paignton, 1715; Allen Belfield (reference
top. 23. but not there); Elizabeth Belfield, Paignton, 1G40; John Belfield,
Paignton, 1507; Margaret Belfield, Paignton, 1G39; Richard Belfield,
Paignton, 1589; Richard Belfield, Paignton, 1604; Thomas Belfield,
Chardleigh, 1669; Tobias Belfield, Paignton, 1707; Tobias Belfield, Paign-
ton, 1748; Tobye Belfield, Paignton, 1020; William Belfield, Paignton,
1593, and William Belfield, Paignton, 1060. The will of Thomas Belffylde
or Belfield, Paignton, 1573 is also noted. Dr. Joseph Belfield emigrated
from England and settled in Richmond County, Va., prior to 1707. His
grandson John Belfield, born 1725, left a short account of the family in
which he stated that Dr. Joseph Belfield was son of John Belfield of
England. This John Belfield would have been born about 1035. Dr.
Belfield was the ancestor of a well-known Virginia family. It would
seem from the information here given that any one especially interested
might with the aid of a competent English genealogist, probably trace
the ancestry of the emigrant.]
TITHABLES OF PITTSYLVANIA COUNTY, 1767
271
TITHABLES OF PITTSYLVANIA COUNTY, 1767.
(Contributed by Mrs. N. E. Clement, Chatham, Va.)
(Concluded from p. 192.)
Tithes Land
Swinheld Hill __ _
Austin Shot
Thomas Shoat
John Vanbibber _
Henson McDonal ...._
Francis McGuier
John McGuier....
Thomas Carter
John McGuier Jr
Merry McGuier
Paul Henson
John Henson
William Henson.
James Standeford
William Murphy
Miller Dogget
Richard Hough
Joshua Barton
David Barton
Isaac Barton
William Ferguson
Thomas Miller & William Sumers
Francis Bird
Andrew Ferguson
Joseph Rentfro. _
Robert Jones, Thomas Jones & Henry Jones ....
John Jones
150
400
113
107
240
280
520
400
ITS
oei
oa^
liiAi
SH
//
TOI
01-:
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.'7
CX>f
2'jno^ nnoH J6 ao«o|, e«i!
272
VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
Robert Jones Jr.....
Philip Smith
William Cook
John Fushon...
James Rentfro jr
James Rentfro Sen, Joseph Rentfro & Peter
Rentfro 3
Veath Dilingham & negro Jeany 2
Peter Vanbibber, jr _ 1
Isaac Vanbibber... 1
Mack Foster Sen _. 1
Richard Pearis's tithes are, William Lowry,
negroes: Jack, Harry, Jeany, Hannah tS:
Silviah. 6
Anthony Li tie
Christopher Lackenair....
John Meadly
John Dilingham _
James Lamb
William Webb
John Ramsey
Joshua Weaver & Isaac Weaver
Holden McGee
Edward Richards.
William Dilingham & Joshua Dilingham
Amos Richardson Sz negro Moll
Benj. Jenl<:ins
Robert Tormet
John Hall :
Francis Farley..
Wm. Heard, George Heard & Wm. Beans
Thomas Bird
Richard Shoat
Jeremiah Muray
John Stevenson.
John Callaway, negroes Flemen, Asher, Nan
& Nell 5
Abraham Motley & negro Peter._ 2
220
150
GIO
225
600
100
200
170
200
230
140
93
150
300
200
400
526
500
t' 'A 'liirn'Si
i6
TJt
xn&ol ,sj
T3Vlil-7/ .-JXUi&I ^^i
.^nj/>H invY 'Ji {'i£.!m j
Y^
IbH :ft
rjJ'/I o^2■^n •'h y mIioM
TITHABLES OF PITTSYLVANIA COUNTY, 1767. 273
Stephen Heard & Jesse Heard... 2 460
Hu<^4i Innes, James Parberry, negroes Juba,
Keat & Peat 5 1245
John Heard 1 165
Stephen Heard jr.. 1 247
Lewes Jenkins & negro Jack 2 1250
John Justice Constable..... 100
Wilham Henson 1
Vvilham Witcher (28) & negro Sawney 2 100
William Keeny 1 190
James Wade ....- -... 1
Daniel McKenzie - 1
William Atkinson & Owen Atkinson 2 200
John Good jr 1 600
Joseph Deal 1
Richard Shockley - 1 50
Daniel Witcher. _.._ - 1 191
David Dalton&Benj. Dalton :.... 2 (ioO
Samuel Paterson 1 1687
John Wilcher. 1 190
Robt Dalton, John Dalton & Robt Dalton jr.... 3 30
John Dalton 45
Richard Walding, John Walding 6c negroes
Jed, Jeffry, Greace, Phoebe & Luc}^. 7 500
Richard Adkinson 1 50
William Lawson 1 76
William Hodges & Thomas Neville — .. 2
John Hensley _ 1
David Polly 150
James Dalton 1 65
Henry Atkinson. 1
Jacob Seartin 1
James Stewart & James Stewart jr 2
Arch Graham & negro Robin 2 750
(2S.) William Witcher took the oath of Vestryman 1768. Was mem-
ber of County Committee of Safety. Appointed Captain of Militia in
1775. Cc)mmanded a Company of Alilitia in Indian E.xjjedition of 1770.
When the Regiment under Col. Christian jjushed on into Tenn., a force
of 200 men were left under the command of Capt. Witcher to guard Fort
Pcitrick Henry. (Pittsylvania Pension Papers).
' ,{ '
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ft''
(l.",r
ffC-
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7 Mi J-;:
; Jii
rroflj-Ci crjd;
274
VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
George Philige, Thorn. Lawrence, John Blackes-
ley, negroes Tobias, Robin, Tom, Madey,
Betty -
John Hunsman
Richard Remington....
John Heard
Wilham Beams
WiiHam Graham
Nicholas Alley.
John Willis
Benjamine Griffith
Jonathan Davis
Jacob Adkinson
Edward Wade & negro Pegg ..-
David Wade
William Tyrie
Jacob Stober
Jeremiah Stober
William Hodges
Sherwood Adkins
Thomas Potter...
John Simons
Bragan Pnmty & Robt Prunty
Benj Dunkin...
John Anderson
Richard Perryman & negro Billiak
John Alitlleton
Nathaniel Evans
Hezekiah Pigg.... -
Adam Stilts
. ■ ,' Signed
298
635
130
200
326
400
150
315
Hugh Innes.
(.20.) John Wimbisli, a justice of peace & vestryman for Pittsylvania
County. There is an order Calendar of State Papers that "the enemy
(British) havin^; returned from Dan River, Mr. \Vm. McCaw is appointed
to that station, and to keeiJ his princijjal post at Wimbish's stores at
Peytonsburg."
Jian
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Wll I lAMSBURG FROM MICHEL'S DRAWINGS.
(.X) The Nt w Courcil H.^use Nvhich ihcy 1 e^-an 1 uildrnK this year 17r2: IM, Home ot
Merchant; (c) Fcurdation (Kionr.d plan) of Slatehouse; (.<) 1-arnur s l.nu^c ,
(Kl 'riie rliurili whirli stands at W dl lamsl .urK-
■^•. '.•..'
^
THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 275
Report of the Journey of Francis Louis Michel from
Berne, Switzerland, to Virginia, October 2,
1701-December 1, 1702.
Part III
Translated and edited by Prof. Wm. J. Hinkc, Ph. D.
After v/e had stayed there eight days in order to complete
all our preparations, and Imd also taken water on board (namely
twenty-two tons), we weighed anchor on a Sunday, at noon,
while the weather was beautiful and a good but weak wind pre-
vailed. We sailed that day a few miles down the Bay. At
evening the sky was co^'cred with \'ery dark clouds towards
tl:e north. There was hardly time to take in the sails and drop
the anchor. It is a dangerous ])lace, because of a sand-bank
which extends \^ery far. There were only four fathoms of water
where we were lying. The clouds scattered after a short rain,
no dangerous storm having developed. On the following morn-
ing we came in time to the place of assembly, where we foimd
most of the fleet together and ready to sail. We were almost
the last. On our arnval we shot off six cannons, which was
answered by the commander with one. It was a pleasure to see
the large number of ships, namely 154 in number. After we
had lain there a day and a half (about this time the wheat har-
\'est as well as the sirmmer fruit and peaches were past) the time
api^jointed for the ships to assemble at Quiquedam had come,
when most of the ships were riding at anchor at the mouth of
the Bay. The ship Nassau, together with others, was still uj)
the river, but one Sunday it appeared and cast anchor before
York town.
As the time was up and I saw no possibility of tra\-eling far-
ther by land or water, because of the heat, and, as I also felt
weak because of the many fatigues and thought the fever was
•MOi'SJ ;i)f;'.;iu iAi'
.ij iij <>fi v/i:;'.
276 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
coming upon me, I concluded, as I was compelled to return, not
to let this opportunity slip by. I had myself, therefore, first of
all taken to Captain Schmid's ship, who had come back from
Guine and was an honest man. He offered to take me to Eng-
land free of charge, if I would agree to do guard duty like the
others, who are relieved every four hours. But I was so weak
that I could not accept this. He then said, if I would give him
40 shillings I would not be compelled to \^'o^k, the ordinary
charge is GO shiUings. However, I did not accept, because it
was a little ship, having every place filled with tobacco to such
an extent, that there was no place of shelter in case of rain.
Moreover, I rather preferred to go to my old captain [of the
Nassau], who showed me much kindness at all times and all of
whose sailors I knew. Besides, the doctor, a Saxon, was my
friend and the ship was better sup]jlied with provisions than
any other shij) in the fieet. Experience confirmed this, because
the other ships frequently sent for provisions from ours. In
addition to the abo\'e mentioned reasons, I was induced to
take passage on the ship Nassau, because Mr. Foes,(l) who sev-
eral times show ed me kindness in his home, was also a passenger,
intending to take a jouniey to England. Hence I thought, if
sickness should overtake me, I would be among people who
would render me assistance.
When a good wind arose, the signal was given [to start] with
a cannon shot and a blue flag, divided to the middle and running
out into two points, which was fastened to a yard of the small
mast. Before the ships could hoist their sails fully, the wind
subsided again, hence they had to ride at anclior till the following
moniing, the 2nd of July, when they left with a good but weak
wind. But the wind fell again, so that we with many other
ships had to drop anchor. Before we had lain there an hour,
the wind started once more from south-west. 'We hoisted our
sails and commenced to advance rapidly. Thus far the Go\-er-
nor had accompanied us on a warship, which is ordered to stay
in that country. To make my story short, we sailed success-
fully many a day until we struck a calm which lasted two days,
while it was \'ery hot. Then we had good wind again, but we
(1) For Rev. Stephen Fouace see MAGAZINE, XXIV, 23, Note 37.
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il':/' (riiijr^ o;] /I.J Jill ..-j.ir li ii'jil'iJ
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tj.'t'i ' :>j!i i/ii ;<j>J'i' /Llxij/ji yoncvbj.
THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 277
ran too far south and lost it again by and by, for the farther
north one gets, the more wind is met. On the return journey
[to Europe] there is mostly good wind, so that the trip is com-
monly made within eight to ten weeks. During that time I had
several attacks of fe\x'r, but it developed only twice. Mean-
while we sailed very successfully with beautiful weather. How-
ever, a Captain West, who commanded the ship Bristol, died.
He had been on our ship four days before, because he was a good
friend of our captain. It is customary when a captain dies to
lower the flag at half-mast and to fire off two shots, a minute
apart. The carj^enter came to fetch a box from our ship in
order to make a coffin. On the following day he was lowered
into the ocean. The flags were hoisted as usual [at half mast].
All the captains who knew him ga\'e each a salute of four shots,
ever}' minute a shot. After a large number of shots had thus
been fired, the pilot, who took over the command in the cap-
tain's absence, expressed his thanks by firing all his cannons
slowly in succession.
We had always beautiful sailing weather, so that the prin-
cipal men visited each other almost daily. At such times they
are treated lavishly and they spare neither wine nor strong
drink, especially not punch, which I have already described.
Englishmen pay much attention to good eating and drinking,
but especially to meat. Our captain had fresh meat every day.
There were about 45 pigs, small and large, on board of ship,
one calf, three sheep, more than 2U turkeys and turkey hens,
14 geese and more than 100 roosters and chickens, nearly all of
which were a present to him, except what Mr. Foes, the preacher,
brought with him, who had taken along many fowls and much
strong drink, of which many of us had a share. They slaughter-
ed daily, but the meat could not be kept more than 24 hours,
and had to be thrown into the sea frequently. On the return
trip the common people had only water to drink, but it was good
and of sufficient quantity. The food was very poor, because
the heat spoiled that which had been salted and was more than a
year old, and made it taste badly. In addition, our biscuit was
full of worms, so that the smallest particle could not be broken
VTS
278 ' ' VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. --•'*
off without finding them in it. This caused a general and great
longing for the land.
It happened once at night that a great noise arose. Shots of
distress were heard and fire signals were seen. Then the fleet
was ordered to stop, which order is given from the admiral's
or con-in.ander's ship by firing off a certain number of shots and
by fire signals. Whatever v/ind may prevail (unless a storm is
raging) the ships are turned against the wind, catching the wind
with one sail and holding up the ship W'ith anothei . As a result
the ship hardly leaves its ])lace. The ship often yields to such
an extent that it rolls to and fro on its sides, as we did almost
daily towards evening, when we waited for those in the rear.
This is the most disagreeable thing about a fleet, because some
of the ships are not well provided with sails, or otherwise sail
poorly, hence there is constant waiting for them, and often the
best time is lost.
Now to return to the noise. There was no ship which did not
fire off several shots to signal to others. This continued through-
out the night. They thought pirates had fallen upon the fleet.
The war ships sailed back at once to the place of the fire signals,
but they found that two ships had merely stuck to each other,
being entangled in their ropes. The bowsprit, which extends
forward, had become entangled, and through the action of the
waves, the shi])s bumped together, so that they would have
done great damage to each other, if others had not come to their
rescue. Especially when a strong wind blows and when it is
dark and stormy, there is great danger in a fleet, because the
ships often come so close to each other that they frequently
pass less than four feet from each other and thus cause great
anxiety. Each ship has indeed from one to four lanterns, in
each of which there are four or more lights. One of them they
hung way up on the mast, which could be seen afar off. But
the watch is often kept so poorly, that the ships run one against
the other. Otherwise, during good sailing weather, none is
allowed to give fire signals except the commander of tJie fleet,
which is done every night at eight o'clock, with the firing off
of a cannon. Whereupon all the bells are rung, which is pleas-
ant to hear in cjuiet weather. By means of the fire the ship of
ij iud
THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 279
the commander can always be distinguished and the other ships
can take their course accordingly. But if a ship tries to i^ass
him, he orders a solid shot to be sent across its bow to make it
stay back. These shots must be paid for as a fine. They are
very expensive. But if the weather is gloomy, so that the light
cannot be seen, the commander fires off a shot every minute.
This could be cleariy recognized by a broad, red flag, hung from
the main mast, it being the highest. But if a long, blue flag
could be seen, it meant to hoist more sails. Often as many as
three different flags flew at the same time, each had its own
meaning. The commander had a war ship of 70 pieces of
cannon and wonderful sails, for he often sailed faster with half
a sail than we with eight.
After we were about 1500 miles away from land, the water
looked as blue and clear as the sky, so that we could often see
things moving in the depth. Experienced seamen said, they
were fish at a depth of periiaps a mile. In this region we amused
ourseh-es with fishing. There are in that neighborhood a large
number of flying fish which follow the ships. They have an
enemy, named dolphin by the English. It is one of the best
fish, often twenty pounds in \\eight. These fish do not swim
deep in the water, but on to]). When the flying fish notices
that his enem}' is after him, he flies up from the water, often a
distance of two gun shots. This he repeats, when he does not
feel secure. They often fly in shoals. It happened once that
one flew against our sail and fell down on the ship. We took
him and put him in vinegar and thus kept him a long time. It
is a fish like a herring, with two long, pointed wings, not of
feathers, but like the tail and side fins. When one throws out
a line and hook, the doljjhin is at once there and swallows the
bait. All the ships caught many of these fish for two weeks.
Most of them were speared with harpoons. These were seven
foot poles, below with five hooklike jxiints, above balanced with
lead and tied to a rope. The fish swim on the surface of the
water, close to the ships, so that they can be hit easily. They
are like salmon, blue on toj). We were surprized at some land
birds, which had doubtless gone astray. They came to rest
on the masts, following the ships for a great distance. Pigeons
QTS
Jl'.
vi>rfT
280 _ VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ,,,
had been taken along on the ocean. They were let go and often
flew away to a great distance, but they did not fail to return to
their cote. Much weed, coming up from the bottom, was
swimming there on the water. We saw also a large turtle h'ing
asleep on the water, but, as the sea was stormy, we could not
take it. Thus far we sailed successfully, but did not see a single
strange ship, except one that came from Barbados, laden with
sugar.
We reached safely the 4'7th degree, where we had a fa\'oral:)le
wind again for several days. But there were many signs of a
storm. Towards midnight the sky turned all yellow and red.
There were also sufhcient signs in the air for the seamen. But
especially the porpoises showed themseh'cs, which were regarded
as an infallible storm sign. On the 2nd of September we saw
a dull sky and the wind began to blow from the south with such
force that only the foresails could be used. But all this was
nothing compared with what happened on the 3rd of September,
old style. I cannot possibly describe our condition and the
terror of death at that time. When day was breaking, the wind
increased to such an extent that we all feared a disaster. The
fleet at once scattered, that we might not be hurled against each
other to our destruction. The weather was dreary and black.
The wind took the water and drove it along like clouds and fog.
The waves rose to such a height and broke down upon us with
such a roar that it was terrifying to behold. The wind also
howled awfully through the masts and sails. That, however,
was like nothing. But when the storm tore the sail away and
the helm or rudder refused to work, so that the ship was laid
over on one .side, and was thrown about from one side to the
other, then such a quantity of water dashed over and into the
ship that, when the\' tried to luimj) it out and wanted to work,
it was impossible to stand upright, and they had to hold fast
to the ropes, that the water and wind might not sweep them out.
The greatest terror was caused by the fact that, when they
measured how much water was in the ship, they fcjund that there
were already five feet in the tobacco room, as the color of the
water soon showed, for when it was pum]>ed out it was all
n»:"!i) bni.
i '3
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THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 281
yellow from the tobacco. In addition, the conncr(2) announced
the bad news that there was a hole in the ship ! Truly, hope for
our rescue was small at that time, even among the most exjjer-
ienced. Death was depicted upon the faces. Everyone moaned
so that it was pityful to hear. Whatever was not well tied or
nailed down, was partly thrown into the ocean, partly broken
to pieces, for nothing of such things was safe. The greatest
damage was done when one of the highest waves broke down
upon the ship from behind, injured the stem and knocked out
the windows above and below. It dashed over the upper part
of the ship, knocked down the captain and the physician, who
were on the quarter dcK;k, then it covered us on the main deck
to such an extent that we could hardly bear the weight of the
water and thought nothing else but that we were all drowned.
At the same time the cry was raised that we should run to the
cannons, fire off two shots, hoist our flag at half mast and thus
signal our distress. But we saw none to help us, nor would it
have been possible at such a time. When the storm had raged
for four hours, it began to clear a little. The sun came out and
the merciless wind subsided slightly. But then the waves be-
gan to rise still higher, that one's hair stood on end, so to speak.
However, we succeeded so far that we were able to hoist half
of another sail, in order to let the ship rtm before the wind.
We also made every effort to pump out the water as best we
could. We succeeded so far that it did not increase, and then
we began to have some hope. The captain and Mr. Foes dis-
tributed brandy and strong ale to encourage the people. It
heljx'd not a little. We all w^orked till evening to hoist up the
tobacco and to let down pumps with chains, which was our sal-
vation. Afterv\'ards four pumps could be used. Before night
a ship came near to offer assistance, which we needed much.
On account of the high seas we could not approach each other.
But they promised through the sj^eaking trumpet to keep us
company during the night, which made us happy. During the
night we had a fairly good rest, except the work of pumping
out the water, as the ship was leaking very much. In the
(2) A Conner, spelled "coner" in tlie ori):jinal, is one who j^ives steer-
ing directions to the hehnsman of a shij).
ll(tt-^
282 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. .;
mominj.^ of the 4lh [of Septembei] we saw no fleet [at first], but
soon there was a call from the mast that about 9U ships were in
sight.
Shortly afterwards the fleet was seen, but not as strong as
before. More than twenty shijDs were missing. We did not
know what had become of them or whether they had been lost.
At one time we saw much woodwork and many barrels floating
on the water. We learned that we were not the only ones that
had suffered damage, for there were four other ships ready to
sink. Our captain had himself at once taken to the commander
to make known his distress and ask for help. He told him that
others had been with him for the same reason and that he had
given tip everybody whom he could spare. But he sent his
carpenter along. He nailed lead, prepared for that purpose,
over the hole. Nevertheless, we had to work day and night
to pump out the water. Double rations were distributed from
nov,' on till we reached England, because we had to jDump so
hard and incessantly day and night. This fear did us more
harm than death itself, for it was a slow death and we felt it for
some time afterwards. At that time every one would have
given all he had if he could have been on land, and I thought
I would never venture into such danger again, but I soon forgot
it.
After the storm was over, we were yet 900 miles from land.
But following it we had for two weeks good weather till about
the 18th, when we struck ground at 89 fathoms, which made us
glad. After another day of sailing we met again very boister-
ous, stormy weather. W^e were not a little afraid at that time,
because we were not far from land and the condition of our ship
was very poor. We could not leave the pumps nor dry our-
selves. We met also another ship, and passes! each other so
closely that we threw up our hands in fear, but we did not touch.
Whoever has not experienced the terror of the water, can hardly
believe what the feelings are. But finally we saw land, which
was the Isle of Wight.
In this last storm one ship lost its mast. But a warship, four
of which were with us, took this damaged ship in tow, but kept
a great distance between them. It was towed to the land.
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THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 283
When we came into the Channel, we saw tweh-e sails or ships.
We soon noticed that they were Dutch. They jjassed the
island. The same day we aiTi\'ed at Dimes [Downs], where
we learned from a Diitch ]3ri\'ateer that there was war between
England, Holland and France. (3) It was said that Cadix [in
Spain] was talcen,(4) about which they rejoiced in vain. From
there we came to Margate, and on the following day across the
dangerous sandbanlcs, where the \\-ater was only 18 fathoms
deep and the ship touched, so that the water becam.e muddy.
The captain was in fear, for if a ship strikes such a bank, the
sand yields and in a short time the ship sinl<s. On the next
day we came to Gravesend, whence I traveled by land to Pop-
lar, (5) in order to deliver a letter to the wife of the captain. I
cannot omit to make mention of the kindness which the captain
showed me. He made known to me, through Air. Foes and the
physician, that, if I wanted to go to sea with him and keep book
for him, he would give me daily half an English crown. I con-
sented finally, but the constant traveling on the ocean did not
suit me. Hence I thanked him and paid him, but he gave me
back two crowns, because I had worked during the stonns. At
last he invited me to dinner and told me that he did not doubt
but that I could travel safely. After I had stayed in London
for several days, I handed over certain things to a Swiss, named
Boraas, who was manied to a woman by the name of A\'alther,
to keep them for me till my return.
From there I went to Starwit [Hanvich](ti) by land, a distance
of 06 miles, where I had to wait for a mail boat. I went to the
commissioner, who gave me a passport, so that I could cross
[the Channel] for nothing, except paying two shillings, one for
the clerk, the other as a head tax. Otherwise one has to pay
14 shilling^dtn-ing_ war time s. Those known to him can cross
(3) It was the war of the Spanish Succession.
(4)^ In 1702 a futile attack was made upon Cadiz by the British under
Sir Ueorge Rooke and the Duke of Ormonde, but oii October r> 170'?
a combined French-Spanish Heet was destroyed by the British at' Vigo.'
(o) ioplar, lymg between Gravesend and London, can only be the
metroijohtan borough of London, bearing that name, three miles E bv
S. of St. Paul's. ■ ^
(G) Starwit is no doubt a misprint in the Berne Yearbook for Harwit
by which Harwich is intended, the well-known English seaport in the
County of Essex, 70 miles northeast of Londtm.
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284 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
free of charge. In Briel is another commissioner, who gives
passports to those who want to go to England. The Queen of
England maintains six of these mail boats, which sail twice
every week. The}^ are built lightly and armed with only four
to six cannons, but they are so well equipjjcd with sails, that it
is not easy to capture them.
October. We left with good wind, but when we wished to
pass from the harbor into the ocean, we met the boat coming
from Holland, which reported that there were enemies. Hence
we stayed at a certain place till night. We were much troubled
by the waves, because the ship was so small. I became sick,
contrary to my expectations. We sailed very fast during the
night, so that we saw land in the morning, and about ten o'clock
we reached the Rhine, where we landed. The passengers and
the mail were taken on land. We came to Briel, where I took
some refreshments. On the same day, the 10th of October,
we reached Rotterdam. From there I traveled with a French-
man, named Jonget, whom I met at Harwitz [Harwich], to Nim-
wegen, hoping that we would find an opportunity there to con-
tinue our journey. We had to go by land, because the wind
was too strong. We lodged on the other side of the river. We
crossed over the jtontoon-bridge, but we did not know how to
get into the city. We tried the sentry, who asked whence we
came. We answered, that we resided in the city. They let us
pass. We went then to a Mr. Du R.ang, a French minister,
whom we asked for a certificate, which he did not refuse. We
thought it was better than nothing. We then set out on the
road to Wesel and from there to Duysburg. We were allowed
to pass Wesel, but at the latter place we were led to the com-
mandant. He remarked that we had no extra fine passport,
but he allowed us to go on. A few days before, Rynberg
[Rheinberg], which can be seen from here, had been bombarded
by the Brandenburgers, but, according to their own statement,
they had lost about a hundred men. Thence we proceeded to
Dusseldorf. On the way, we met two Frenchmen, whom we
asked whence they came. They said, they had intended to
travel to Switzerland, but they had been stopped above Cologne.
They had taken away their rifles and everyone wanted to harm
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THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 285
them, because they were not able to speak with the people. I
tried to strengthen our company, hence I encouraged them to
come with us, which they did. On the way to Cologne nothing
happened to us, except that a soldier asked for our passports.
I asked him to show us his authority for m.aking such a demand.
Pie final]}' withdrew. When we wanted to cross the Rhine at
Mellen [iMuelhcim],(7) we had to wait there for a while. I went
to an oflicer of the guard, who was stationed there. He told
me of the double and even thieefold danger of traveling, as
daily unfortunate accidents were reported, on the one hand
fiom the French, who make strong raids from Bonn, on the
other hand the farmers in Bavaria and in the Spessart forest
were very dangerous. Whenever they met a person, they
wuuld take his clgthes and often hi:, life. He counselled me
esijcciall)- noL to travel with the Frenchmen, who were now
much hated in that neighborhood, because during the past
summer this district had been plundered b}- tlie French. This
niade me think. While wc tluis spoke together, there came
twenty Switzcrs, among whom \\'ere se\'enil Gennans from
Lcuk, of the Schartreuw(8). They had a passport from the
English General Cut (9), as people who had left the service of
the enemy. They also inquired about the way to Switzerland,
which jjleased me so much, that I made their acquaintance.
Two of them were from the Canton of Berne. We stayed there
overnight. During the night a part)' came into the house with
great noise. We thought they were Frenclimen, but they were
Hollanders. In the morning wu set out on our way. It was
very cold. AVe wanted to go to Bruggen [Bmeck], a village
about two hours [six miles] distant. Fortunately we lost our
way. We met a driver who told us that a p arty was on guard
(7) In spite of the dissimilarity of the names, Muehlheim must be
mtended by Mellen. It is the only city between Cologne and Bonn
which resembles Mellen in sound. Michel evidently spells the names
phonetically.
(S) Leuk is probably Leukerbad, a famous watering place in the
Canton of Valais, vSwitzerland, on the right bank of the Rhone. Schart-
reuw is probably the French word Chartreu.se, the name of a Carthu-.ian
monastery.
(9) This is Baron John Cutis of Gowran, Ireland, 1GGI-17U7, who
accompanied Marlborough to Holland in 1701 and tool: part in the war
of the Spanish Succession as lieutenant-general.
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VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
not far from Bruggen, on the great highroad. We thought we
were betrayed, and turned, therefore, to the left into the forest.
We wandered about till evening, when we met a farmers' guard
of twenty men, provided with loaded rifles. They took us for
an opposing party, aimed their rifles and waited for our arrival.
We showed our i)assport. The)- demanded a sword from us,
but we refused to give it. They did not dare to take it.
Then we came to Syberg [SiegburgI, where an allied garrison,
containing also Swiss, was stationed. The Governor did not
want to allow us to stay overnight in the towTi. Hence we had
to lodge in an inn before the gate. This place is about two hours
distance from Bonn. We feared that night that they would
come to take us p^risoners. Some days before they had taken
away a wagon with a horse at this same place. On the following
day we continued our journey. We heard that four French
companies were keeping guard on the great high-road in tlie
forest. This was unwelcome news to us. We inquired ^^^hether
we could not take a roundabout route. Yes, if we would make
a detour of three days. The company was fearful that it would
cost their life, if they should fall into the hands of the French.
Hence we were shown the detour and we tra\'eled through wild
regions, already covered with sno^^■, to Hagen, Siegen, Dillen-
burg, Wetzlar, where the imperial chamber meets. Thence to
Freybuig, in the Breissgau(lO), finally to Frank-fort, where we
were strictly examined. However, they did not ask for all our
passports, but one was sufficient for us. The Gennans sta3-ed
there and we were also olTercd jiosiiions. From there the rest
of us, twelve in all, traveled safely to Tiibingen, in Wirtemberg,
where we had to ]:)ass through between the French and the
Bavarians. In the center were the dragoons. Everybody
told us how unsafe it was to travel and that some people had lost
everything. We told them that wolves do not bite each other.
We were soldiers too, who had swords and pistcjls. We ar-
rived safely at SchaflTiausen.
God be i)raised for ever! Amen.
(10) The Breisgau is now a fjart of the Grandduchy of Baden com-
prising the valley of Freiburg and the southern part of the Black Forest.
In the Middle .\ges it was one of the largest districts of the Allc-manni
1 he writer ouglit to have reversed the order of hVeiburg and Franldort
as Preiburg is inueh nearer the Swiss l^order tlian I'>anl-J\irl.
.a>si.
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THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 287
In conclusion. I report some things which may not be known:
A guinea is 4 Enghsh crowns or 18 stueber.
An English crown is 5 shillings.
A shilling is 12 stueber.
A stueber is a little more than half a batzen.
A pound sterling is 4 crowns, a shilling and a half less than a
guinea .
Three English miles make an hour.
N. B. I must add that I forgot something at certain places.
Thus I placed New York at the Canadian boundary, while
New Jersey and New I^^ngland are the most extreme [prov-
inces]. (11)
Likewise with regard to the diseases, I wish to add that they
consist mostly of the negro fever, which often stays with a person
for a long time, especially those who live near the ocean shore.
Open legs full of sores are to found with most people. The
principal cause is the fever, which finds an outlet there. Another
cause is because most people \\'ork without shoes and stockings
in the soil, so that, esi)ecially in the new soil, the legs are all
swollen and full of white pimples. It seems as if the ground was
poisoned by the snakes. Doctors and surgeons are well-to-do
and have a large income.
Mechanics are generally scarce and expensi\'e. The best
trades, among others, are carpenters, joiners, coopers, ship-
builders, masons, smiths, locksmiths, tailors and glassblowers.
Skilled workmen are much esteemed and w ell ] ^aid. I have seen
a common journeyman paid annually 30 lbs. sterling, including
his board. But I ha\'e heard of master workmen, who rccei\'ed
above a guinea daily. Moreover, a skilful artisan or workman
can reach America with little expense, by means of an instruction
from Holland to England, issued In- the commissioner at Briel,
so that neither the i)assage nor the meals cost anything, because
the Queen maintains such mail-boats. In London such an
artisan can go to a Virginian captain, none of whom will lefuse
to tal:e him along, if not for the labor on the ship, at least for the
payment promised on landing. For, when such a ship annves,
the inhabitants come in large numbers to buy or hire serwants.
(.11) Tliis correction needs lo be corrected again.
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288 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. "V >
Everyone would be willing to pay the passage money. The
debtor then belongs to the ereditor till he pays it ofl. The wages
are fixed, namely, according to law each workman must jjay his
master for his boaid and lodging annually 400 lbs. of tobacco
and three barrels of com. Whatever he can raise above that
amount, he can sell, so that within a short time he can pay
liis passage money. Then he can hire out as a freeman or he can
continue to work in the above manner until he has saved some-
thing and can himself set up an establishment.
I also forgot to refer to the allspice, which is a certain medicine
planted l)y the Indians and is sold by them. This plant has
such strength and jjroperties that it can be used in place of every
other spice, as is also imi)lied by the nam.e. There also grows
a sort of red shells, like crab's claws, in which seeds are found
AN'hich are \'ery strong.
There are also a large number of glow-worms [fire-flies], which
fly at riiglit through the trees in large numbers, as if they were
full of fire and light.
There is another kind of bugs or worms which are very harm-
ful to the finest trees of the forest and cause the destruction of
a great many of them.
In conclusion, he who will take the trouble to read this im-
perfect essay, will find that I have not been diligent to observ^e
order, nor did I make a clean copy, hence it is difficult to read,
full of disorder and \\ithout orthogra])]iy. As I was requested
to inalvc a short rei-iort, I have drawn it up hastily, hoping that
if the reader will find some mistakes, he will coiTCCt them him-
self; the rest will be found to be titie.
.aVIlJlA^AM ja:
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THE JOIkXEV OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 289
Letters Regarding the Second Journev of Michel to
America, February 14, 1703, to January 1G,
1704, AND his stay in America till 1708.
[After Francis Louis Michel had reached Benie, on December
1, 1702, lie started on his second journey to America on Feb-
ruar)' 14, 1703, about which the fohowin*^ letters ^ive us some
information. Michel had of course related his experiences in
\''irginia to his friends in Beme, amonj^ whom were John Rudolf
Ochs and George Ritter. With them he had conceived the plan
of settling a Swiss colony in America. As the next letter shows,
negotiations had been begiui with William Penn, in order to
locate this Swiss colony, if jjussil^le, in Pennsylvania].
DIFFERENT LETTERS
which, since the departure of my brother from Berne, on Feb-
ruary 14, 1703, have been sent fnjni London and America, ad-
dressed to Mr. Ochs(12), his coiTes]jondent. The first letter
was dated London, May 6TG, 1703.
I ask that you will not take the delay of my letter ill of me.
Already in Rotterdam I have had a package read\', in wltich was
enclosed a thorough rejjort, together with a map of Philadelphia,
from which detailed infoniiation can be gathered, in short it is a
complete guide for those wIkj want to tra\'el there. Aleanwhile
I secured two other [printed] reports, but, since the post in
Holland would not accept this except at a very high rate, I
foimd it advisable to retain it until I have received an oral re-
]jort and confirmation from Mr. William Penn, and can send
it together with a complete report through Mr. Gaudot. Thus
far I have been unable to secure an audience with him [Penn],
(12) John Rudolf Ochs, son of Samuel Ochs and Esther Koch, was
bajjlized Septeml)er 2, 1()73. He was a seal and stone engraver; went
to Pennsylvania in 170o, returned to England and settled in London,
where he became a Quaker. He was married to Catharine Lerljer,
daughter of David Lerljcr and his wife Catharine Schmaltz, widow of
the Rev. Niklaus of AlToltem. She had six children, five sons and a
daughter, born 1702-1715. Ochs is the author of a book, entitled "Amer-
ikanischer Wegweiser" i. e., ".'\merican Guide," Beme 1711, pp. 102.
See Berner Taschenbuch, 1898, p. 127f, note.
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290 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. , .
but I have been requested to appear to-morrow morning. (13)
I have handed in a memorial, in which the case has been pre-
sented in the best possible fonn. I am now waiting with eager-
ness for the outcome. I have made inquiries about that coun-
try to my satisfaction and have concluded to leave here with a
Pennsylvania ship, which will sail within two months. I re-
gretted that I had to see the fleet leave here for America, 12
days ago, and was not able to go along. But I am much sur-
prized about the process begoin here against the above named
Governor Penn, which was legall>- instituted here. (14) I have
already gotten some yjrinted tracts, which expose him and his
officials in Pennsylvania most severely and shamefully, and in
which he and his ])eople are accused of many and disgraceful
actions, in the civil government as well as in church matters.
Many think the so-called Quakers, together with the Governor,
stand in danger of losing the freedom they enjoyed so long. I
shall have to give you a sufficient report before my departure
from here about one thing or another. Two weeks ago I ad-
dressed a letter to Mr. Gaudot, but he informed me yesterday
that the mail-boat of the 16th, upon which the letter was, had
unfortunately been taken near Harwitz [Harwich]. I here-
with desire to send you a few words, otherwise, if I had the
necessary time, I would make a longer and more detailed rei^ort,
hoping that you will pardon the liberty I thus take. I cannot
omit to mal.'e mention of what has happened on the journey
from Holland hither, and how this short trip turned out to be
so full of dangers and accidents.
Many must wait ten weeks for a suital^le wind, I w^as com-
pelled to stay three weeks in Rotterdam and Briel. Finally on
Sunday the 15th, n. s. lne\N' style] there was such stormy weather
that many ships lying before Bricl had to go back to Rotterdam,
because they wove torn from their anchor. Such a drifting ship
ran against our shnj_wiai_^h_\aolen^
^OsT'Accordmg't^he French Diary of Gr^Henned (German -^"'^rican
Annals XII, 106) Penn appointerl Michel Director General of a 1 the
mines in l>eun.sylvania. He also made a delimte cotnpaci ,;^,ith t^/^
society whieli Michel represented. See also S. G. l-isher. flie True
Willi'im Penn, p. 380. , , r i, .^
(1 i) About the trials and persecutionb ot Penn at tins tune .-.ee f ibUer,
The True Wni. Penn, pp. :5(H-37G.
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THE JOURN-EY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 291
mast was toni down. In the evening we saw the distressed
Enj^^Hsh fleet, consisting of about 80 ships, laden mostly with
com and cloth, being driven by the strong wind back from the
sea into the Meus(i river. There, 22 ships, which could not
reach the mouth of the river, ran in part on the land, others
stuck on the sandbanks, some were at once broken to pieces, so
that the IMcuse, in a few hours, was full of com and boxes of
bread and parts of ships which drifted about. On the 18th,
we had some good wind and we sailed with 60 merchantmen,
two convoys and a transport, into the sea. On the 20th, in the
morning, the fleet from London to Rotterdam met us, abcjut
80 ships in number. But, in the afternoon, u'hen we were ten
hours [30 miles] from land, we discox'cred sc\'en ships, which
were earned by the wind towards us and came with full sails.
We saw at once that they were French, which alanned us con-
siderably. Our two convo}'s sailed ahead of the fleet, to wait
for them. Finally they were so near that our ships realized
that they were not strong enough for them, because they were
four large ships and three privateers. Hence they sailed as
best as they could right through the French fleet, all the rest
followed. Half of the fleet was cut off.
The front part, in which I was, continued its course to Norwit
[Norwich], (15) the rear ran hither and thither. The privateers
took eight or ten of them. The warships also met together.
They shot very rapidly upon our commander Salisbury. After
a considerable battle he surrendered, and also the transport,
with 30 ineces of cannon. As the weather was rainy and gloomy
we did not see them any longer, but we reached England before
night. Thus on this short trip more unpleasant things hap-
I)encd to me than lately on my whole journey. Mr. Gaudot
shows ine much kindness because of his respect for you and your
recommendation. In return I would like to show him coires-
ponding gratitude. He asked me for [certain] stones, for he
knew that you had given them to me to talvc along. Howe\'er,
I did not have full confidence in the matter. As soon as there
will be an opportunity I shall send one thing or another through
(15) By Norwit the writer evidently meant Norwich (cf. Harwit=
Ilarwicli) a c;iLy in the county of Norfolk, OS miles N. X. K. of London.
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292 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
Mr. Gaudot, as the tobacco mentioned by you. I make every
possible prej^aration for what will contriljute to good progress.
I buy all kinds of goods which I regard as useful. Meanwhile
I shall not forget you, but will make arrangements to receive
you there as best I may, the sooner the better. With the next
opportunity 1 shall report more. Conmiending you to the
Divine providence, I remain,
Yours read}' for service
^ ' ' , . . , « . L. Michel. , : ,
Now^ follows the second letter, sent from Annidel County,
Maryland, to Mr. Ochs, dated May 20 '30, 1704.
'' Very Worthy vSir and Friend: —
I send you this with my friendly greeting and the hope that
you will receive it in good condition as a small token of our
unchangeable acquaintance and friendship.
The great distance between us does not hinder us to renew
at times our old oneness of mind. Especially, since I entertain
the hope that I shall soon be able to receive such a dear friend
in my calnn, quickly erected, not indeed according to new
fashions, but in the old simjjlicity. It is not my intention to
write at length, although the material is not wanting, because
I am still at work to fulfil my promise to send, God willing,
next year an elaborate report and guide, of which I have made
a good beginning. I do it with the hope that those who are
willing or intend to visit this country, for the sal-ce of profit,
curiosity or settlement, will not suffer harm. It was not possible
in this short time, alongside of my private business and jour-
neys, to investigate everything thoroughly. Besides I am now
equipped to imdertake a new journey of discovery. I shall,
therefore, as briefly as possible, give a summary of what hajj-
pened to me hitherto, fearing that, if I should pass it by en-
tirely with silence until my undertaking is completed, }'OU
would not receive it well, and believe that I had no regard for
our agreement.
Regarding the journey from England, I may say that it was
very unpleasant, partly because of the inconvenient winter
.y.
w.-
THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 293
time. On August 20th of last year, I went on board of the
"Hopewell" at Gravesend. Contrary winds kept us at Dunes
[Downs], Portsmouth and other places till the beginning of
October. On the 4th of that month, we lost sight of the land.
For a time we had a great heat and calm, because we were
so far south, namely on the 27th degree. We spent a long time
making but little progress, until we came farther north, where
we had such unusually long drawn-out winds for five weeks,
with the exception of a few days, that the ships could not keep
company together. Such distressing weather scattered our
fleet in such a way that even now ships are still arriving, which,
because of lack of water, loss of masts, sickness and other acci-
dents were compelled to seek land at the Bermudas, Barbados,
Carolina and other places. More than enough has already been
reported about the loss of the ships. The governor of this
province was on board of the commander's ship, which arrived
here only four weeks ago. We were 100 sails strong, among
\\'hich were four warships, but several left us and sailed to
Guinea. As to our ship, it was one of the best, namely the
second to reach land, on January the 16th. Such a long and
dangerous passage is unusual. My daily Journal, containing
all the details, will follow with the next opportunity. (16) We
found such unusual cold here, even five da}'s ago, as I have
never experienced. Most of the rivers were frozen and hence
I had to postpone my trip to Pennsylvania till si)ring and had
to take a house. As my long stay in Holland and England gave
me an opportunity to buy all kinds of necessaries of life, the
inhabitants soon learned of it. Besides, European goods and
wares are very expensive in war times, but especially this year.
They compelled me almost to exhibit them. Contrar}' to ex-
pectation they were taken with a rush and with good profit,
and the statement was made that so many useful things had
never been seen here before. What kind of goods should be
brought here and what other things are necessary, will be re-
ported as stated above.
(16) This Journal of Michel has not been preserved. At least it is
not in the city library of Berne.
&es
iinS
■=XO V)
294 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
After 1 had sold most of my wares, I traveled with the rest to
Pennsylvania, about 60 hours [180 miles] distant from here.
With the exception of 8 English miles it is possible to go there
by water. After my arrival I sold the rest of my merchandise
even more advantageously than in Maryland. Nothing is sold
under 50 per cent profit, most goods bring more than 100 ]jercent.
How easily, then, can one, who knows business here, make
money I
I-'hiladelphia is a city twenty-two years old, whose growth and
fame is to be preferred to most English-American cities. I was
astonished to see the diilerence, compared \\ith other cities of
this country, with regard to her size, splendid edifices, daily
construction of new houses and ships, the regularity of the
streets, the abundance of provisions, at a much cheaper price
than in the neighboring cities. But the strongest reason, why
there is such an influx of people from other provinces is i)artly
due to the liberty which all strangers enjoy in commerce, belief
and settlement, as each one understands it, and also because
the money has 50 per cent more value. Six miles from there
lies a large village, a mile long, named Germantown, where
almost all the inhabitants are Germans. A Frankfort company
bought 30,000 acres of land with this object, that, when they
and their people should be compelled through war, religion or
other accidents to leave their homes and country, they might
there find a certain and secure dwelling jjlacc.
Among other acquaintances I met there the prefect IMatheys
of Heimbhausen ( 1 7) and the sons of the gunsmith Bondeli , ( 1 8) w ho
(17) According to information, kindly furnished by Prof, von Miilinen,
the full name of this man was Hans Conrad Matthey, who from 1674-lOSO
was bailiff of Wanton. He owned an estate at Heim (en) hausen, not
far from Berne, which his son-in-law, Hans Jacob Lerber, inherited
in 1703. With this information at hand, it is possible to identify this
man. He is the well known Conrad Matthaei, the last leader of the
Hermits on the Wissahickon. They had erected a Monastery on the
Ridge now within the city limits of Philadelphia. Matthaei himself
lived as a recluse in a rude hut till his death in August 174S See Sachse,
German Pietis of Pe}insylvania, Vol. I, pp. 388-401.
(18) Prof, von Miilinen gives the following information about the
family of the gunsmith Bondeli (or Bundeli): "John Bundeli was bailiff
of Aarwangen, his son Abraham B., a gunsmith, born 1G17; his son, David,
B, a gunsmith, who lived about lf)80, married to Elisa Dick. They had
a son who died in Pennsylvania." It is the last to whom Michel refers
in his letter.
THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 295
arrived here some time ago from New England. As they have
been rather inexperienced in their undertaking, they have had
but Httle profit thus far, but they entertain, nevertheless, good
hope and they have brought their newl}'-bought farm of 100
acres (which they bought for the sum of 20 doubloons) into
fairly good condition. I found the place very convenient,
partly because it is so near to the city, partly because it is just
like living in Germany. Three large tracts of land of equal
size, were for sale for a small sum, adjoining each other. I found
this place so convenient, that I fixed my designs on it, awaiting
a better opportvmity, with the jjurpose of living in the neighbor-
hood of the aforesaid estates. The reason why I have gone to
Maryland is to collect my outstanding debts completely. But
especially because of my joumc)', which is about to begin to the
rather unknown western regions, of which the Indians here have
wonders to tell, on account of their high mountains, wann
waters, rich minerals, fruitftil lands, large streams and abundance
of game which is found there. To that end I associated myself
wiih eight well experienced Englishmen and four Indians, taking
along eight horses, two of which are to carry skins at my o\mi
expense. Although we are talcing provisions for only six days,
we do not expect to return before four weeks. The game is so
abundant that daily more can be caught than we can use.
Some of the company, including myself, have the intention to
take uj) land, if it is feasible, some go to hunt, some to discover
mines, I for my part to satisfy my old curiosity, to seek out un-
known things and to collect the wonders of nature, as I have al-
ready a large number of pieces, which cannot be examined with-
out astonishment. Last e\'ening I shot two ragun [raccoons]
on a tree. I have also a live bossoon [opossum]. It carries its
young in an open pocket, which it opens and closes at will.
I am altogether of the opinion that the government [of Berne]
as well as private persons will most of them in time get a better
knowledge of this country. How praiseworthy and easy would
it be to send out a colony lilce other nations, which would be a
greater glory and jjraise for our country than to send a large
number, for the sake of money, to slaughter in battle. We
think that it is an honor. Other nations, however, speak of it
28&
■.ijdii
296 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
differently. What else can be the intention of Hollanders,
Swedes, Finns, Germans and other nations, which send people
to this country, than to make use of such places in case of nec-
essity. I have already had opportunity to remark sufificiently,
how \\dllingly the English government \\'ould consent to this.
Who has more reason to look for expansion and places of re-
treat than our country r I cannot think othen\'ise than that the
government acts culpably in not assisting in this matter with
w^ord and deed the many em].)ty hands and hungry mouths.
It would be easy to present a memorial to the English cro\\'n,
the answer would soon show whether it is feasible or not. It is
a great pity that such a large country, suitable for all kinds of
fruits, remains unsettled. But it is necessary that people
should not be deceived by some who came to this country, not
knowing ^^'hy they came and who had empty and lazy hands.
Such people are an injury and obstacle to many others. But
how do those get along, of whom a considerable number are to
be found here, who not only bring nothing into the country,
but are even bound out for a certain time to serve, and yet in a
few years acquire more than would be possible to do in tl'ic l)est
countries ?
There is absolutely no hunger among the peojjle, Ijut the
cattle suffered much want this spring, yet only among those
who owned too large a niunber of them, and who had no sufficient
supply of fodder for the long winter. One man who o\\ned 103
heads of cattle lost 102 heads, the last he gave away tor nothing.
I must close, commending it to your discretion to do in this
matter as your sound judgment will decide. I ask you to
assure Messrs. Gaudard, Ritter, Noblemen von Graviset and
the other good friends and acquaintances of niy respect and
willingness to ser\'e. I intended to write a niiml;)er of letters,
but the near departure of the ships and m\' own journey pre-
vented me. In future I shall have more material to write.
I am at a very inconvenient place, regarding ])aper and ink,
which I secured with difhcvilty. (The ink was made altogether
of gun powder). I hope to receive a letter from you during
the next spring sent to the enclosed address. Meanwhile I
assure My Lord of m>' service and friendship and remain,
Yours ready for ser\ice,
L. Michel.
THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 297
[In this letter the thought of sending a Swiss colony to Amer-
ica is clearly expressed. Alichcl also mentions for the first time
George Ritter, a councillor of the city of Berne. The latter
proceeded to carry out the suggestion of IMichel and undertook
to organize a Swiss colony for America. On March 19, 1705,
he submitted the following petition to the Council of Berne]:
Respectful Petition to the Mayor and Council, made by
George Ritter, Druggist, of Benie: —
Your Lordship's obedient citizen, George Ritter(19), druggist,
begs to submit herewith in all humility that he plans to trans-
port himself with a colony of four to five hundred persons from
here to Pennsylvania, in America, under the English crown and
to settle there, if it will be acceptable to and please her Royal
Majesty in England to concede and grant most graciously to
him and to his comjjanions the enclosed articles of agreement.
Now, in order that your petitioner and his companions may all
the more surely and certainly gain their intended puq)Ose, he
requests your Lordships in his and in all his associates' name
that you will be pleased to grant them graciously not only the
necessary permission of the government, but also aid them that
the enclosed articles, proposed by them (which we meanwhile
submit to your most wise correction and appro\'al), will be sent
to the English envoy, now residing in the Cantons, to transmit
them to his government; and that at the same time they may
be accompanied with your strong and weighty recommendation,
so that we may all the better secure their acceptance. For this
favor, granted by you, your petitioner and his associates will
implore the Highest, that your noble Lordshii^s in all >our
blessed undertakings may continue to flourish forever.
[This petition was accompanied by the following ])roi)osals,
written in French, which Mr. Ritter sent to the Marquis Du
Quesnes at Gene\'a. The proposals, translated into English,
read as follows] :
(19) George Ritter, son of Jacob Ritter and Magdalena Gouttes,
was baptized August S, 1007. He was a druggist by profession. He is
said to have been twice in America. He was married to Elizalicth
Gaudard, daughter of Commissioner Samuel Gaudard. He died without
issue. See Berner Taschenbucli, IS'.IS, p. MS.
res
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298 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
TO THE QUEEN.
George Ritter, citizen of the city of Berne, submits with pro-
found respect, wliich is due to }'our Majesty, that the Noble
Francis Louis Michel, citizen of the said city, having settled at
a favorable opportunity in Pennsylvania, has induced your
petitioner to solicit a number of persons of the laudable Canton
of Benie, to go and settle near him in America, and having a
desire for this, after having obtained the permission of the
noble Lordships of the laudable Canton; said Ritter has been
charged, in the name of all, to entreat most himibly your
Majesty to give your consent to the establishment which is
proposed to be made of a Swiss colony and which is intended
to be formed, in order to settle some land located either in
Pennsylvania or on the frontiers of Virginia, with the Divine
assistance and the royal and powerful protection of your
Majesty. This colony may number at first from four to five
hundred Swi.ss i)crsons. Reformed Protestants, as many mer-
chants and manufacturers as agriculturists. In whose behalf
the said Ritter, who acts for them, petitions your Majesty most
htunbly to grant them, if it is your pleasure,
THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS:
1. That they be treated and regarded as the true subjects of
your Majesty.
2. That to this colony be granted a district of land, well
situated as regards climate, soil and water; near some river,
navigable for commerce.
3. That to each person be given 100 acres of land in the said
settlement, which shall be named Berne.
4. That materials for building be conveyed to the place
which will be convenient.
5. That there be full liberty to trade, as the natives of the
country, as well as other subjects of your Alajesty have.
G. That they be exempted from all taxes during the first six
years of their settlement, after that, that they shall pay them
as the other subjects of your Alajesty. ■
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THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 299
7. That they shall have liberty to choose ministers of the
Gos])el, officers of justice and the ])olice, at all times under the
direction of the Governor, whom your Majesty will have ap-
pointed in that country.
8. That, after having prayed publicly for your Majesty, they
be permitted to pray also for their noble Lordships of the Re-
public of Berne, who have the honor to be allied with your
Majesty.
9. That the same favors and privileges will be accorded later
also to all those who in future will come from Switzerland, to
enlarge their colony, notably those from the Canton of Berne.
10. And as this colony will not be able to pay the expenses
of their voyage to America, your Majesty is most humbly
petitioned to have the goochiess to give orders that said colony
be conducted thither with every possible safety, in such a way
that it may embark at Rotterdam in Holland and that it be
transported, at the expense of your Majesty, to the place ap-
pointed for their settlement. To that end, said Ritter, being
advised in time, will betake himself, with the help of God, with
said colony to Rotterdam, at the time which shall be appointed
for him.
Meanwhile said Ritter and his associates i^ray God most
fervently for the happy and long presei-\-ation of the sacred
person of your Majesty, for the prosperity of your flourishing
kingdoms and for the glory of }'our \ictorious anns.
[These proposals were examined by Du Quesne, corrcK;ted
by him in some unessential details and sent back to Berne.
Then a "clean copy" was made of them, which was sent to
England to be submitted to the Coimcillors of the Queen.
The Council of Berne addressed Mr. William Agliomby, the
English envoy at Zurich, on March 19, 1705. His answer was
received on April 3, 1705. There is also presented a letter of
Agliomby, dated London, September 1 1 , 1705 ; further a memoir,
presented to the EngHsh envoy, Mr. Stanian, dated August 25,
1706, a letter addressed to Mr. George Ritter, merchant at
Berne from Wrest in Bedfordshire, dated March 15, 1707. The
writer, Mr. Gaudot, mentions in it Mr. Oks. Finally in a letter
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300 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
of George Ritter to Mr. Stanian, the suggestion is made that,
if ParUament be unwilHng to naturaHze the whole colony, the
directors of the colony, namely Francis Louis Michel, John
Rudolf Ochs and George Ritter, be naturalized. This letter
is followed in the original Ms. by another plan of an agreement
without date and signature, addressed to the English govern-
ment, in which a petition is made to appoint a commission.
This petition may have led to the instruction or commission
referred to in the following letter of Mr. Michel to George
Ritter;]
To Mr. George Ritter, Merchant at Benie.
Virginia, the 24th of September 1708.
This present letter is only to advise you that I have carried
out satisfactorily the commission which was given to me by our
gentlemen at Berne, and wheras, I have not had any payment
from you since I have anived in America, I have drawn on you
to-day for two hundred pounds sterling, payable to the order
of Mr. Jean Monbeaux in London, to whom I pray }'ou to do me
the honor of referring me upon my arrival in London(20), in
order to inform you of all my progress. Awaiting yours I am
Luys Michel.
[A further report of Mr. Michel to George Ritter is dated
America, December 14 — 25, 1708, of which the following sum-
mary has been preserved:]
A Report of Mr. Michel from America,
dated December 14 — 25, 1708, to Mr. George Ritter, merchant
in Berne, in which, in addition to the publications already sent
over, others are transmitted. He urges that the business of the
colony be conducted with zeal now, when the most favorable
moment has come and many members of the government and
of parliament are at Court, during the winter season. He makes
the suggestion that the articles of agreement, fonnerly drawn
up, be not presented, but that properly qualified commissioners
(20) This sentence shows that Michel intended to return to England,
which intention he carried out in the year 1708.
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l' J THE JOURNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 301
be sent and that full authority be j^nven them to carry on the
negotiations i^ersonally and to remove every obstacle as may
be found necessary, for plans may be sent from a distance, but
they cannot be carried out at a distance as well as near at hand.
He then mentions, in connection with other statements, that
Mr. Robert Collie fCallie] of Aldemiary Church Yard, himself
as well as other distinguished friends and acquaintances, was
not a little inclined to promote the project. He advises that
he [Ritter] send him a letter, outlining the project, since he
could, without doubt, accomplish much, and that in future letters
be sent to him [Michel] through this patron instead of through
Monsieur Mondant, whose large business was already causing
him a heavy correspondence.
(The story of Michel is continued in the Journals of Christ-
opher Graffenried, of ^^'hich the original German and French
texts (21) were recently ijublished by Prof. Faust of Cornell
University in the "German American Annals," Vol. XI, (1013),
pp. 210-312 (German text); and Vol. XII (1914) pp. 04-190
(French text). According to the German version of Graffenried 's
journal, Michel returned to Berne in 1708, where he met
Graffenried, to whom he related with evident enthusiasm his
American experiences. Graffenried states with regard to this
interview: "Of late I received a more accurate report of the
American countries from a citizen of this city, who had been in
America for five or six years. He infomied me what a glorious
country it is, how cheap, what liberty, what large growth, good
business, rich mines and other good things it has. He told
me especially what beautifvd silver mines he has found and dis-
(21) Four copies of the journals of Graffenried, describing the found-
ing of New Berne, are in existence. The first, in French, is in the public
library of Yverdun, Switzerland. A literal English translation appeared
in the Colonial Records of North Carolijia, Vol. I (1S8G), pp. 905-9S5. The
second, in German, is in the possession of Prof. W. F. von Mulinen, city
librarian of Berne. The German text was published by Prof. Faust.
The third, in French, the m.ost complete of all, in the handwriting of
Graffenried himself, is also in the possession of Prof, von Miilinen of
Berne. It was also published by Prof. Faust. The fourth, in French,
is a copy of a letter, written by GrafTenried on January 4, 1712, to Gov-
ernor Hyde of North Carolina. It includes also the copy of a treaty
made between Graffenried and the Tuscarora Indians in October 1711,
and the copy of a letter written by Governor Spottswood, on October 8,
1711, to the Indians, who held Graffenried captive.
302 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
covered." As Graff enried was deep in debt and saw no opF>or-
tunity to improve his condition in Switzerland, the prospect
of opening up silver mines seemed to him exceedingly attractive.
It is, therefore, not surprizing that he accepted "the beautiful
propositions of the above-named citizen." As later events
clearly showed, these propositions were to the effect that Graff en-
ried should conduct a Swiss colony to the banks of the Potomac
river, where Michel claimed to have taken up land. A map,
drawn by Graffenried, is still in existence, which illustrates
this colonization scheme. Two settlements were contemplated
along the Potomac, one below the falls of the Potomac, in the
triangle formed by the Potomac and the Gold Creek. The
other settlement was to be near the Indian village Canavest,
along the upper banks of the Potomac river (22). jMorcover,
a correspondence was begun with German miners, and, on the
way back to Holland, Michel had an interview with the head-
miner, who was authorized to procure all the necessary tools
and implements for mining. To carry out this scheme Graffen-
ried left Switzerland in 1708, and went to England. There he
met influential friends who encouraged him in his colonization
scheme. Two events happened about this time which turned
the enterprize into a different direction. A Swiss colonization
society, a stock company, called Ritter & Co., had been formed,
which Graffenried was persuaded to join and to which the pro-
prietaries of Carolina made very favorable offers (23), ^in order
(22) See the French Diary of Graffenried in German American Annals,
Vol. XII, p. 166.
(23) GratTenried concludes the third of the Journals, menlioned in
the last note, with the following sentence: "It is true, that, besides the
beautiful promises of [Surveyor General] Lawson, the Vjeautiful promises
of the Lord Proprietors [of North Carolina] were the cause which in-
duced us to establish the colony first of all in North Carolina." In
1708 Lawson was in England, where he met Michel. He refers to him in
his History: "My ingenious friend, Mr. Francis Louis Mitchell, of Bern
in Switzerland, has been for several years, very indefatigable and strict
in his discoveries amongst those vast ledges of mountains and spaciou.-i
tracts of land, lying towards the heads of the great bays and rivers of
Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania, where he has discovered a spacious
country inhabited by none but the savages, and not many of them, who
yet are of a very friendly nature to the Christians. This gentleman has
been employed by the Canton of Bern to find out a tract of land in the
English America, where that republic might settle some of their jjeople,
which proposal, I believe, is now in a fair way towards a conclusion be-
tween lier Majesty of Great Britain and that cantun, which niu-^t needs
be of great advantage to both." See Lawson, History of Carolina, cd.
Raleigh ISGO, p. 334.
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THE JORNEY OF FRANCIS LOUIS MICHEL. 303
to induce the Swiss colonists to settle in Carolina. About this
same time, in the spring of 1709, a large immigration of Ger-
mans into England took place, variously estimated from 10,000-
15,000. Of these Graffcnried was permitted to select GOO i)er-
sons, to which later 50 more were added. These were sent to
North Carolina, where they were settled at the confluence of the
Trent and Neuse rivers, and the settlement was called New
Benie.(24) Graffenried and Michel were not with this first colony
They came with the second contingent, consisting of about 120
Swiss emigrants, who left England in July 1710 and reached
Carolina in September of that year. The mining scheme of
Michel and Graffenried never materialized, but the miners
whom they engaged actually came to Virginia in the spring of
1714 and were settled by Governor Spotwsood, at Germanna,
to work the Governor's iron mine there.]
Additions and Corrections.
Page 30, note 49. For the };roi)osed identification of Col.
Bornn with Col. Wm. Byrd, the following passage of Beverly's
History may be quoted: "This gentleman has for a long time
been extremely respected, and fear'd by all the Indians round
about, who without knowing the name of any Governor, have
ever been kept in order by him." Beverly, History, 1705,111,36.
Page 37, 1. 30. In connection with the four kinds of squir-
rels mentioned by Michel, it may be noted that Lawson, in
his History of Carolina, ed. 18G0, p. 204, mentions also four
kinds: fox squirrels, English squinx4s, ground squiiTcls and
frying squirrels.
Page 122, note 13. Of Beverly's History of Virginia, the
edition of 1705 has been used throughout, not 1725, as given by
mistal-:e.
Page 122, note 14. Read Aargau instead of Aargan.
Page 12b, I. 22, read cavalry instead of calvary.
Page 138, note 42, read Orvieton instead of Orvicton and
Orvieto instead of Orvicto.
L. 140, note 44, read trypano.soma instead of tryfonosonia.
(■-4) For the history of the Nt-w Nerne Col(jny see Prof, von Miilinen's
authoritative account, based entirely on Mss. sources: Christoph von
Graffenried ; Landgraf von Carolina, Cr under von Neu-Beni, Born 1806.
Based on it is Prof. Vincent It. Todd's monograph Christoph von Graffen-
ried and the Founding of Neiu Bern, N. C, published in Vol. XII (1(112)
pj). l-lL':! of the yearbook of the Gernicui-Anierican Historical Socii-ty
of Illinois.
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304 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
COUNCIL PAPERS 1698-1702
From Ori^'inal Volume in Virginia State Library
(Continued)
Virginia: William Byrd Audito"^ to His Alaj*^^ Revenue of
two Shill^ for every lih'' of To]:)acco exported out of this Colony
of Virginia, & 15"^ p tunn for every Shipp tradeing here & Six
pence p'' pole for every p son imported into this Colony, & the
forfeiture here due to lii.s Maj'^ for One Yeare Ending y-' 17"'
Aug«» 1G98:
To Ralph Wormeley Esq' Collector of Rappa- is D""
hannock District his Acco^ of two Shilb p hh*^ to £ s d
this day.. - -- 70S. 8. 00
To his Acco* of Port Duties & head money.. 180. 13. 00
To Collo. Edmund Jenings Collector of Yorke
District— his Acco* of two Shill^phlA.-. 706. 15. 01
To his Acco' of Port Duties and head money 195. 04. 03
To Collo. Edward Hill Collecto' of y'^ Upper Dis-
trict of James River his Acco* of two Shill^ p hh'^ 601. 12. 07
TohisAcco^ of port Duties and head money 103. 14. 3
To Collo. Xtopher Wormeley (by ]\P Griffin his
Deputy) Collecto'' of the lower District of Poto-
mackhisAcco^of twoShilPphh'i 165. 02. 00
To his Acco^ of port Duties..... 66. 15. 73^2
To Collo. Richard Lee Collecto'of the Upper Dis-
trict of Potomack his Acco' of 2=* p hh'' 287. 3. 8
To his Acco^ of Port Duties and head money 56. 10. 9
To M"" Peter Heyman Collecto"' of the Lower Dis-
trict of James River his Acco^ of 2« p hh'^ 261. 02. 04
To his Acco' of Port Duties and head money 89. 08. 03
To Cap* William Randolph Ex' of M' Hugh Davis
late Deputy CoUecto' of y'- Lower district of
James River his Acco* of 2^ p hh^ 68. 09. 09
To his Acco' of Port Duties 18. 04. 09
To Coll'o Charies Scarbrough Collect' of the
Easteme Shore District his Acco^ of 2' p hh'^.. 152. 12. 00
To his Acco' of Port Duties and head money ^50._12^ 06
(To be Continued) 3712. 08.09i^
3
JMV
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NOTES AND QUERIES. ' - ' 305
NOTES AND QUERIES.
Greensville Co. AI.arriage Binds.
Compiled by Mrs. J. O. James, Peter.sburg, Va.
John Heath & Lucy Young, Feb. 13th, 171S7.
Nathaniel Heath & Sarah Collier, Mar. 12th, 17S2.
Absalom Harris & Clara Jeter, Dec. 1-lth, 1785.
Edward Harrison & Frances Wilburn, July 10th, 17S7.
James Hinton & Winny Rives, Dec. l(jth, 17SG.
Reuben Harris & Mary Rawlings, Oct. IDlh, 17S5.
Meshack Hitchcock & Elizabeth Jones, Dec. 2o, 1789.
Howell Heathcock & Mary Woodall, Jan. 30, 17Sli. ;
Richard Harrison & Dolly Harrison, Aug. 23, 1789.
\Vm. Holt & Frances Mabry, July 26, 1786.
Dudley Hargrove & Polly Coalman, Jan. 19, 1791.
Peyton Harwell & Sarah P. Batte, Feb. 5, 1790.
Joel Heathcock & Nancy Heathcock, Dec. 24, 1795.
John Harrison & Rebecca Dillshay, Sept. 21, 1793.
Reuben Heathcock & Mary Jones, Aug. 6, 1793.
John Hunt & Agnes Sills, Nov. 18, 1790.
Colley Heathcock & Grief Jeffrie, July 24, 1794.
John Harwell & Ann Spencer! July 24, 1794.
Richard Hall & Martha House, May 4, 1799.
John Hall & Elizabeth Jordan, Oct. 1, 1802.
John Heath & Wihnuth Richards, Dec. 27, 1800.
Robert Harris & Ann Lancaster, Dec. 7, 1789.
Joseph Harrison & Elizabeth Ferguson, Aug. 31, 1786.
Jess Hart & Lucy Cato, Dec. 17, 1787.
Wm. Harwel & Oney Smith.
Edwin Howard & Nancy Goodwyn, Dec. 26, 1794.
Sterling Harris & Patsy Woodruff.
Wm. Harris & Francis Bran.scomb, Feb. 4, 1793.
Simon Harris & Rebecca Davis, Mar. 22, 1791.
James Hailey & Anne Person, Mar. 22, 1790.
Hugh Hall & Amey Tyus, Apr. 13, 1797.
James Harrison & Susanna Jones, Dec. 4, 1801.
I
Abel Israel & Sarah Whitehoni, Mar. 3, 1786. -' ,
.J] M
.d^l ,t
(A
306 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
Lattna Jones & Lucretia Night, Nov. 10, 1788.
Archilles Jeffie & Mary Wall, Mar. 15, 1783.
Drury Jeffrie & Silvia Scott, Jan. 28, 1790.
Nathan Jeffrie & Clary Jeffrie, June 23, 1791.
Benjamin Jordan & Eliza Clark, Aug. 27, 1801.
Benjamin Johnson & Polly Foster, Mar. 16, 1802.
Wm. Jones & Martha Loftin, Mar. 11, 1797.
Ben. Jones & Martha Rivers, Oct. 1, 1783.
Edmund Jeter & Rebecca Rives, Jan. 13, 1791.
John Johnson & Lucy Sissons, Dec. 39, 1790.
Wm. Jordan & Elizabeth Goodrich, Dec. 39, 1799.
Upsham Jordan & Patsy Rives, Jan. 23, 1800.
John Jones & Patsy Dean, Feb. 12, 1801.
Lewis Jefferson & Polly Hill, Jan. 10, 1792.
John Lundy & Elizabeth Nelson, Aug. 20, 1786.
Joseph Long & Annis Lawrence, Sept. 8, 1786.
Edwin Lundy & Lucy Peterson, Feb. 3, 1789.
John Lifsay & Hollan Allen, Mar. 31, 1789.
Littleberry Lee & Lucy Cook, Jan. 19, 1792.
Edmund Lucas & Betsy Hobbs, Dec. 11, 1784.
Alexander Lowe &: Rebecca Vincent, June 20, 1787.
James Lee & Mary Collier, April 27, 1786.
Nathaniel Lucas & Sarah Rivers, April 10, 1783.
Simon Lane & Nelly Jones, May 27, 1790.
Peyton Lundy & Dorothy Harris, Oct. 5, 1790.
Isham Lundy & Dolly H. Rives, Jan. 27, 1796.
John Lundy & Dorcas Took, Feb. 6, 1703.
Wid. Dempsey Took
Thomas Yates Lundie & Elizabeth Maclin, June 9, 1800.
James Lockhart & Clara Morriss, Sept. 2, 1807.
Joshua C. Lundy & Polly Tyus, Sept. 8, 1794.
Edwin Lanier & Amy W. Goodrich, Oct. 27, 1803.
Alex. Fergusson Lundie & Susanna Maclin, Dec. 17, 1804.
Charles Locke & Mary Batte, July 15, 1790.
Edmund Lawrence & Sarah Lanier, Feb. 5, 1794.
Jonathan Lawrence; Mary Hazelwood, May 10, 1802.
Lyson Lewellening; Sally Hart, May 27, 1790.
M
James Mitchell & Sally Lewellyn, June 7, 1787.
Banks Meacham & Elizabeth Person, Dec. 6, 1785.
.T8T1 ,VL
»a«i , .
M
NOTES AND QUERIES. ' 307
William Waclin & Winnie Wyche, Sep. 20, 1781.
William Morris & Winnie Wilkinson, Aug. 19, 1796.
John Mason & Lucy Cardail, Nov. 8, 1780.
Jabez Morris & Elizabeth Bland Lundie, .Vug. 19, 1783.
Richard Mabry & Amy Grigg, Feb. 23, 1793.
Alex. Madilland & Martha Wall, Nov. G, 1792.
James McKennee & Martha Wilkinson, Dec. 27, 1792.
William Massey & Fanny Goodrich, Feb. 25, 179G.
Jeremiah Mangum Sc Nancy Jackson, Dec. 20, 1798.
John Massey & Anna Shelborn, Oct. 12, 1799.
Benjamin Montgomery &. Betty Tatem, Dec. 13, 1802.
Richard Mason & Mary Woodford (wid), Jan. 14, 1799.
John Mason & Mary Maclin, Oct. 23, 1788.
Robert Mabry & Rebecca Mason, Sep. 22, 17S7.
Henry Mason & Rebecca Jeter, Nov. 11, 1790.
David Mitchell .V Elizabeth Scott, Mar. 22, 1794. ' '
Joshua Mays & Hannah DuprcL-, Jan. 2S, 1790.
Joseph Mitchell & Molly Emory, May 22, 1793.
Chislon Morris & Tabitha New, Dec. 30, 1794.
John Murrel & Charlotte Jones, May 19, 179.5.
Joseph Malone &: Sarah Malone, Apl. 21. 1795.
Nathaniel Morris & Angelina Adams, Sep. 17, 179G.
Bannister Mitchell & Celia Mitchell, Feb. 12, 1795.
James Moore & Permelia Payne, May 10, 1802.
Henry Mitchell & Polly Mitchell, Feb. 2, 1797.
Richard Mabry & Polly Braxton Mabry, Aug. 19, 1799.
William Mason & Tabitha Tuell (or Suell), Sep. 10, 1798.
William Mason & Rebecca Richardson, Aug. 9, 1800.
Hartwell Mosely & Patsy Wrenn, Dec. 10, 1800.
Henry Mangimi, Jr. & Nancy Harrison, Feb. 9, ISOl.
Isham Mangum & Patsy Allen, Dec. 1, 1800.
William Moss & Elizabeth Collier, Oct. 4, 1783.
Henry Morris & Selah Clarke, Jul. 21, 1787.
Le Neve oe Virginia.
The Clerk of Prince Edward County, from its setting off in 1754 until
1783, was John Lk Nevk. The statement is made that Mr. Le Neve was
drowned in a fresh cjf 1783. Wood's careful map of Prince Edward
County, 1820, gives the name Le Neve's Creek to a small stream entering
Buflalo in the northern part of the county. It is possible Mr. Le Neve
lived in that neighborhood; it is possible that the name was given merely
from the circumstance of his death there. He had a son christened
Ludwell, which plainly connects him with the Williamsburg country.
Mr. Le Neve had married a daughter of Samuel Cobbs, first clerk of
T08
.it.;-
Mv.iaaiV V
308 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
Amelia Counly, 1734-1757. It would be logical if Mr. Le Neve had l)een
deputy to Mr. Cobbs.
Was John Le Neve, Clerk of Prince Edward, a son or near kinsman of
the Rev. William Le Neve, who 'arrived in Virginia from England on
St. Mark's day 1722,' and was minister of James City and Mulberry
Island in 1724, fulfilling also the duties of a lectureship at Williamsburg —
£20 a year for Sunday evening lectures? In 1723 William Le Neve was
appointed, on his own petition, chaplain to the House of Burgesses, to
attend for reading prayers every morning at ten a clock, at a salary of
£20. He was still continued in this office in 172G, and was living in 1737
when he advertised in the Virginia Gazette the loss of an "'old Pocket
Book tied with a blew string."
And were John Le Neve and the Rev. William Le Neve, of Virginia,
kinsmen of John Le Neve, Peter Le Neve, and Sir William Le Neve, those
well known English anticiuaries from KiOO to 1711? It is an engaging
guess that John Le Neve, Clerk of Prince Edward, was son of William Le
Ne\cof England and James City; and that William Le Neve of James City
was one of the eight children of John Le Neve, rector of Thornton-le-
Moor, Lincolnshire, all of whose anticjuarian works 'were unsuccessful
from a pecuniary point of view.'
We need to be precise about our early Clerks, for through them was
brought in how much of the lore of Old England.
ROUINSON OK THE EASTERN SHOKE.
Further information is desired regarding the family of Mrs. Elizabeth
Robinson, whose will appears in the Virginia Magazine for April 1916,
page 194. She was the grandmother of Col. Tully Robinson, son of
Wm. and Col. John Custis, only child of Major General Jolin Custis and
her deceased daughter Elizabeth. Maj. Gen. John Custis and his second
wife, Alicia, widow of Capt. Peter Walker witnessed the will of the widow
Elizabeth Robinson, which was probated June 29, IOCS, Accomac Co.,
Vol. 8, p. GO.
The name, age of the husband of the above Elizabeth? When he
arrived in this country and where he originally settled. When he died
and when and where was the will probated. Also who did Ann the
executrix of her mother, Elizabeth, marry? The family were financially
comfortable as well as officially prominent.
It is claimed they were the same family as Christopher Robinson and
used the same crest. Any data referring to the families will be grate-
fully appreciated through the Magazine.
J''.«\»H J U.-' Itu l^.
.(.-; /v Mr^A:! ..'HI lO
,oI«^l In .A J..
,,,^ NOTES AND QUERIES. \ J; ' "' 309
CoRRItCTlONS IN BroOKE GENEALOGY.
Vol. XVI, July 190S, p. lOii. Should be "Ben Arnold a German married
and died in this country and left," etc.
Vol. XVI, Oct. 190S, p. 213. Should be "Col. Humphrey Hill stood
father," etc. (not God-isiiher).
Vol. XX, Oct. 1912, p. 435. The oldest son of Francis E. Brooke of
St. Julien should be Francis Taliaferro (named for his grandfather) and
not Francis E. Same error on p. 436.
Vol. XIX, p. 320. Samuel C. Bockius, not Boskins.
L.\ws OK Virginia 1643-46 — A Correction.
It was stated in the last annual report of the President of this Society
that the manuscript laws of the dates named were first discovered by
Mr. Mcintosh of Norfolk. Since the publication of the President's
report, attention has been called to the fact that these laws were referred
to and quoted by Mr. P. A. Bruce in his Ecconomic and Institutional
histories. The only excuse that Mr. Mcintosh, Dr. Mcllwaine, Presi-
dent McCabe and the editor of this Magazine can make is that Mr.
Bruce's books are such vast mines of original information that it is im-
possible to remember all that he has published.
Roy ALL and Royster.
Richard Royall died in Pittsylvania County; will proved 1819. He
came from Mecklenburg Co. where he had married Elizabeth Miniard
Royster. By this marriage there were sons John and Nathaniel, and
daughter Susannah, Elizabeth, Mary Royall Morrison, Judith Royall
Stone, mother of Governor J. M. Stone of Mississippi, Sarah, Nancy and
Caroline.
Any information concerning the Royall ahd Royster families will be
gratefully received.
Mrs. N. E. Clement,
' ■ > Ciuitham, Va.
A Description of Jeiferson.
[The following communication was received a number of years agoi
Dr. Samuel J. Bumstead living at No. 268 W. Eldorado Street, De-
catur, 111., has a small bound volume of copies of letters (in manuscript),
006
.v.*-^n ■ '- l-fll nvrr- •"
310 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
written by his father, Rev. vS. A. Bumstead, in Aug. 1822, to his sisters,
mother and aunt, giving a description of a journey from Goshen, Md., to
Harper's Ferry and thence up the Shenandoah Valley, via Staunton to
Hot Springs and from there via Staunton, Charlottesville and Richmond
to Brookville, Md. This little manuscript volume has the appearance
of being very old. The paper is yellow with age. These copies of letters
are in the hand-writing of the author himself. Rev. Mr. Bumstead was
at the time a school teacher at Brookville Academy, Md , and he seems
to have taken the journey he describes to learn something of tht s/in !;< ru
country and southern manners. A map of his travels accompanied the
letters and is bound with them. Among these letters there is one dated
Aug. 23, 1822 and is written to his Aunt Lilly from "Fluvanna Co.,"
which contains a vivid description of Jefferson's personality and which
is new so far as I know. In this letter Mr. Bumstead, after describing
his travels from Staunton over the Blue Ridge by way of Fisher's Gap,
his visit to the Virginia University; his breakfasting at Charlottesville
and noting his disappointment at not finding Mr. JefTerson at home and
his disappointment at having to leave Monticello without meeting him,
he goes on to say:
"After I got about 3 miles from his house and was about entering the
Richmond road, I saw a man on horse-back at a distance off; it was diffi-
cult to conceive what the matter was or whether he wanted anything
of me by his making toward me with so much speed — as he advanced
within plain sight I was v;ell aware by the cut of his jib who it was. His
costume was very singular — his coat was checked gingham, manufactured
in Virginia I suppose. The buttons on it were of white metal and nearly
the size of a dollar. His pantaloons were of the same fabric. He was
mounted on an elegant bay horse going with speed — and he had no hat on
but a lady's parasol, stuck in his coat behind, spread its canopy over his
head, which was very white — his hair is quite thick — his complexion sandy
— and his eye, the eye of an eagle — his features regular and resembling
very much the portrait you have in your parlor — He cast his very pene-
trating eye at me and gave a polite nod of his head as he passed. This
was Thomas Jefferson — and as you may naturally expect quite gratifying
to me in having my curiosity answered. Had he not have appeared in
such a hurry I should have stopt and entered into conversation with him.
I intended to have inquired the road that leads into the Richmond road
of the first person that I met — but as soon as I saw him I forgot all about
it — such a great man in such a plain and singular garb so struck me that
I had not another thought about me but the request you made of me — I
should have complied with your recjuest if he had not appeared so much
in haste — but I am told it is his usual gait. He does not appear as old as
he really is — He is in his 84th yea;- — He was remarkably erect and had
every appearance of anticjuity about him. I am told he always rides in
this manner during the summer without any hat — often times many miles-
it was very warm when I met him to-day and I thought he looked pretty
DJOll ?
irii
NOTES AND QUERIES. 311
well heated. Thus much of this extraordinary man of whom, the world
has heard so much— whose writings have made somuch bustk. I think I
can never forget his looks— indeed they are pretty well fixed in my minds'
eye. I am now at a public house in Fluvanna Co— there is no village
here. I shall expect to reach a place called Beaver Dam tomorrow.
With affection
Your nephew S. A. Bumstead."
' Hob SON.
In the Land Patent Books of Richmond there is a grant of 400 acres
in Spottsylvania County, patented by Thomas and Adcock Hobson of
"St. George's Parish in the same county," dated June 20, 1733.
Later, I find Adcock Hobson living in Cumberland County, having,
in 1741, married Joanna Lawson, daughter of Christopher Lawson.
They had children John, Winnefred, bom 1744, Thomas, \Vm. Caleb,
bom 1750, Lawson, Edward, Lucy and Elizabeth.
Caleb Hobson married in 1774 Phoebe Brackett and left many descen-
dants in Cumberland Co.
Winnefred married Thomas Carter in 17G6, and in 1783 moved from
Cumberland to Pittsylvania County. I am anxious to find Adcock
Hobson's father. I presume Thomas was his brother.
Did John Hobson of the Royal Council have descendants?
Any information concerning the Hobson and Lawson families will be
gratefully received.
Mrs. N. E. Clements,
■■ ■' ■ • Chatham, Va.
XIC . . ,., wv «tTOM
flK'il bs'/om WTI .'■ '. 1 ■'■'■"1 nf t->: '"' ./; ;;
312 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
GENEALOGY.
The Blackwell Family.
(By Miss Stella Pickett Hardy, Batesvijle, Ark.)
(Concluded)
5-1. Lucy Steptoe Blackwell.
5-2. William Blackwell, m. 1822 Mary Anne Bronaugh, daughter of
William and Mary Catherine Pope (Peyton) Bronaugh, and had
issue.
5-3. There were other children, but I have been unable to secure
their names.
4-8. John Blackwell, of Fauquier Co., Va., b. 1755; d. 1808. He served
with distinction in the Revolutionary War, 1st. Lieut. 3rd Va., Apr. 29,
1776; wounded at Brandywine, Sep. 11, 1777; captain Sep. 15, 1777; was
taken prisoner at Charleston, May 12, 1780; prisoner on parole to close
of war; Bevet Major, Sep. 30, 1783; (Heitman's Historical Register,
p. 105). Was High Sheriff of Fauquier Co., from 1783 to 1785; and
County Lieutenant, and General of Va. Militia, 1794 (Fauquier County-
Records and Manuscripts in Virginia State Library). He received
5,1663^ acres of land on May 16, 1783 for his services as Captain in Re-
volution (Hayden's Virginia Genealogies, p. 265). Hem. (first) 1779,
Agatha Arm Eustace, b. 1765; d. after 1795; daughter of Issaac and
Agatha (Conway) Eustace, of Stafford Co., Va.; (second) about 1797,
Mrs. Judith Lee Pierce Peachy, a widow; b. about 1770; d. about 1805;
daughter of Kendall and Betty (Heale) Lee, of Northumberland Co.,
Va.; (third) Nov. 28, 1804, Frances Parker, b. about 1765; daughter of
Judge Richard and Mary (Beale) Parker, of Westmoreland Co., Va.,
Issue by 1st m.
5-1. Lucy Steptoe Blackwell, b. 1785; d. 1817; m. (first) 1805, Hugh
B. Campbell; (second) 1816, Rawleigh William Downman, of
"Belle Isle," son of Rawleigh and Frances (Ball) Downman of
Lancaster Co., Va.
5-2. Steptoe Blackwell, b. 1786; d. unm.
5-3. Agatha Conway Blackwell, b. 1788; m. Charles Bell, of Ohio
and had issue.
5-4. Eloise Blackwell, b. 1790; m. Mark Anthony Chilton, of Mo.,
son of Col. Charles and Elizabeth (Blackwell) Chilton, of Fau-
quier Co., Va., and had ibsue.
5-5. John Eustace Blackwell, b. 1793; m. Ricey Morris, and had
issue.
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"^ ' ' •• ' GENEALOGY. -' -' ' i:*'i ' 313
5-6. William Blackwell, of Kanawha Co., Va. (now \V. Va.), b.
1795; d. unm.
Issue by 2nd m.,
5-7. Emma Blackwell, b. 1798; m. about 1815, George William
Downman, b. 1794: d. 1845; son of Joseph Ball and Olivia (Payne)
Downman, of Lancaster Co., Va.
5-8. Ann Eliza Blackwell, b. 1800; d. 1847; m. 1817, Dr. James
Kendall Ball, of "Edgewood," Lancaster Co., Va., b. 1790; d.
1S3G; son of CdI. James and Frances (Downman) Ball, of "Bewd-
Icy," and had issue.
4-9. Judith Blackwell, b. 1759; d. 1867; m. May 23, 1775, Capt. Thomas
Keith, of Fauquier Co., Va., who served with distinction in the Revo-
lutionary War, commissioned Lieut, of Fauquier Militia, Mar. 24, 1778;
serving under Capt. Turner Morehead (McAllister's Virginia Militia
p. 201). He was later commissioned Captain (Manuscripts in Virginia,
State Library). He was a staunch and liberal churchman; son of Rev.
James and Mary Isham (Randolph) Keith, of Fauquier Co., Va., I-;sue.
5-1. John Marshall Keith, m. Elizabeth Jones, and had issue.
5-2. Harriet Keith, m. Mr. Skinker, and had issue, their descend-
ants removed to Missouri. -.■■'•
5-3. Mary Isham Keith. i •iv.iv
5-4. James Keith. . '.^
5-5. Susan Keith, m. Davis James, and had issue.
5-6. Peter Grant Keith, of Tenn., m. unknown and had issue.
5-7. Tarleton Fleming Keith, m. unknown and had issue.
5-8. Isham Keith, of Fauquier Co., Va., b. 179-; d. Apr. 25, 1887;
m. 1822, Judith Chilton, h. 1800; daughter of Joseph and Ann
(Smith) Chilton, of Fauquier, Issue
6-1. Isham Keith, C. S. A., of Fauquier Co., Va., m. Sarah
Agness Blackwell, daughter of William and .\nne Sparks (Gor-
don) Blackwell, and had issue.
6-2. James Keith, C. S. A., of Richmond, Va., b. 1S39; living, a
distinguished lawyer and judge; m. (first) 1S75, Lilias Morson,
b. 1848; d. 1877; (second) 1SS7, his sister-in-law, Frances Barkes-
dale Morson, b. 1855; d. 1908; daughters of Hon. Arthur Alex-
ander and Maria Martin (Scott) Morson, of Richmond, Va., and
had issue.
(Authority for the foregoing line of descendants of Hon. Joseph Black-
well and Lucy Steptoe, are as given in parenthesis, also Fauquier County
Records, Manuscripts in Virginia State Library, Old Family Papers,
Family Bibles, Letters, etc., Hayden's Virginia Genealogies, p. 265 and
266, Hardy's Colonial Families of the Southern States of America, p. 58
to 70. For a fuller line of the lineage of Blackwells, Downings, Steptoes,
Chiltons, Cookes, Colliers, Slaughters, Picketts, Bouldins, Marshalls,
Keiths, Clarksons, Taylors, Scotts, Johnstons, Corbins, Balls, Lees,
Smiths, Footes, etc., see Hardy's Colonial Families of the Southern
States of America).
>: I y
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314 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
Till-: Hakkison Family ok Nokthkrn Virginia.
(Concluded) •' " ''
(XXIIl, p. 332) 24. Thomas^ Harrison (Thomas^) bom 1726, died
1727, married , and removed to Kentucky.
Issue- a. Benjamin''; 1). Thomas Grayson^; c. Anne; d. Aiicie; e. Eliza-
beth- f William Butler<\ born . died Feb. 2S, 1835; was a Cornet m
Lee's Le-ion from 1779 to the close (;f the war. After the Revolution
he was a resident of Loudoun Co., Va., and drew a pension to the time of
his death. ,r, \
(XXIV 211) 1. Burr (error, should be) Benjamin Harrison (Burr)
married Nancy Hart and had issue: 1. Betsey married Dunwoody;
2. Benjamin, married Elizabeth Russell; 3. Dernel married Nancy Ana-
barett; 4. William married Rohb.
(XXIV, 211). Jon.\than Harrison (Burr) married Sally '1 yler and
had issuel 1. Burr, married Kato; 2. Mary, married — Robb; 3.
Cuthbert, married ; 4. Elizabeth married Ashford.
(XXIV 212)- MORDECAI Harrison (Burr), married Sarah Alston and
had issue: 1. Burr, married Liddle; 2. Jonathan, married Caroline
Ragsdale; 3. Elizabeth married Mitchell; 4. Rebecca, married —
Cole; 5. Lucinda married Noidite; 6. Benjamin, died single; 7. Will-
iam, died single; 8. Thomas, married Mrs. Sykes.
The children and descendants of Burr, Jonathan and Thomas Harrison
lived in the South.
87. CuTHUKRT^ Harrison (ThomasS), born Jan. 26, 1777, died May
20, 1837, married , and had issue: Thomas«, and Edward\
88. Thomas^ Harrison (Thomas^), born Jan. 26, 1777, died ,
married Elizabeth Fitzhugh, and had issue: Anne, married John Carter
Armistead; Jane Cecilie married Dr. Daniel Harrison, and Frances
Barnes married Dr. William W. Taliaferro.
90. Philip' Harrison (Thomas"), born May 31, 1781. died Jan. 1,
1852; a distinguished lawyer of Richmond, Va.; married, 1810, Maria,
daughter of John Lawson (born Feb. 22, 1754. died Aug. 6. 1823) of I nnce
William County and his wife Mary M. daughter of Charles Tyler, of
Prince William.
Issue- 116. Lucy Erskine, born Feb. 10, 1812, died 1814; 117. Anna
Maria, born Nov. 13, 1815, died Jan. 19, 1880, married Oct. 3, 1838 Dr.
James Bolton; 118. Napoleon«, born 1815, died 1816; 119. Cora, born Nov.
13 1812 married Frederick Anderson; 120. John Henry«, born April 15
1819, died unmarried; 121. Thomas Botts«, born Oct. 17, 1821, married
Steptoe Freeman and had a son Bolton'-* Harrison; 122. Walter ; U3.
Philip", bom Dec. 28, 1829, died unmarried; 124. Elizabeth bom June
28, 1831, married Austin Smith.
93 Burr- Harrison (Thomas'*), bom Aug. 26, 1787, died Dec. 12, 1832,
married Mary, widow of Mann Page, and daughter of Alexander Lithgow.
.aMIXAOAM
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GENEALOGY. =• 315
Issvie: 124. William Lilhgow**, burn at Fredericksljurg, Va., July 21,
1816, married ; 125. Sarah, bom at Georgetown, D. C, July 21, 1819,
married Dean; 126. Mary, married Henry Robinson.
94. James" Harrison (Thomas^), born April 29, 17S9, married Ann
Short and had issue: Byrd", Sarah, and Elizabeth.
95. John'' Harrison (Thomas C) born Feb. 11, 1793, married Susan
Sweeney, and is slated to have had twenty-one children.
96. Walter'^ Harrison (Thomas") born April 3, 1795, died Feb. 5,
1826, married Anne Lawson (sister of his brother's wife) and had Walter^
who tlied in infancy.
122. Waltkk Hamilton'** Harrison (Philip?), of Richmond, Va., bom
May 29, 1827, died Jan. 5, 1871; Lt. Colonel C. S. A.; A. A. G. and Chief
of Staff Pickett's Division, author of "Pickett and his Men," and other
productions; married Helen Elizabeth, daughter of James Brown Mac-
murdo, of Richmond, Va.
Issue: 125. Walter Hamilton'', married Mackie Worthington; 126.
Philips, married Anne Lee Ansley; 127. Frank Bolton*^, died young; 128.
Marie Helene, married 1890, Linn B. Enslow, of Richmond, Va.
There are a number of members of the family whose descendants we
have no means of tracing and should be obliged for any additional in-
formation in regard to such descendants of the name Harrison. Space
will not permit publicatitjn of lines of descent through daughters.
Descenuants oi- Archer Payne, of "New Market."
Contributed by John M. Payne.
(Concluded)
8. John Robert Dandridge Payne, married Susan Bryce, daughter of
Archibald Bryce and sister to Mrs. Spotswood Payne. He lived in
Lynchburg and was one of the Mayors of that city and then removed to
Richmond where he died. They had only one child, to wit: Mary Jane
Payne, married Colonel James Turner. She died early, leaving one son,
William S. Turner, who married Miss Holt of Alabama.
Note. — Colonel Turner removed to Alabama and married there.
9. Robert Spotswood Payne, born in Goochland January 15, 1809,
was a prominent physician in Lynchburg until his death September 28,
1884. He was married, January 30, 1840 to Frances Ann Russell Meem,
daughter of John G. Meem and Eliza Campbell Russell, daughter of
Andrew Russell of Abingdon, Va. Their children were: 1. John Meem
Payne, Captain S. C. A., bom November 11, 1840, married December 2,
1863, Elizabeth Allen Langhorae daughter of John Archer Langhome
and Margaret Kent. Captain Payne and his wife celebrated their golden
wedding in 1913 and are the oldest representatives of the Archer Payne
family. They have issue.
dl£
316 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
2. Alexander Spotswood Payne, V. i\I. I. Cadet at Battle of New Mar-
ket, born July 9, 18i5, married Elizabeth B. Burks, daughter uf Judge E.
C. Burks and Elizabeth daughter of Capt. Pascal Buford of Bedford
County. He died Oct. 2, 1910, leaving one daughter.
3. Eliza Russell Payne, born March 3, 1848 and died in Lynchburg
Dec. 23, 1900 unmarried.
10. George Woodson Payne, born in Goochland Dec. 29, ISIO, married
Ann Dabney, sister of Rev. Ro. L. Dabney, D. D. They lived in Louisa
County on the South Anna river. He died in 1869. His wife survived
him for many years. They had no issue.
11. David Bryce Payne, bom in Goochland August 10, 1812, married
Helen James, daughter of Doctor James and his second wife Lillias
daughter of Archibald Bryce. Mr. David Payne was a book merchant
of Lynchburg for many years until his death in 1888. Their children
were: 1. Ella Grattan Payne, mar. Dr. Geo. K. Turner; left issue. 2.
Robert S. Payne, mar. Meta Eskridge of Augusta Co. and have issue; 3.
David B. Payne, Jr., mar. Ellen Scott and have issue; 4. Richard J.
Payne, died unmarried; 5. Mary C. Payne, unmarried; 6. George A. W.
Payne, mar. Louise B. Mitchell and have issue; 7. Helen Stockton, mar.
Edward T. Page and has issue.
12. James Ferguson Payne, born in Goochland September 10, 1814,
married Frances Dudley, daughter of Capt. Peter Dudley and Davis.
Was a well known and respected citizen of Lynchburg until his death.
They had no issue.
13. Martha Dandridge Payne, born in Goochland Apr. 25, 1820,
married Isaac Vandeventer of Loudoun County. They left two children,
to-wit: Robert Vandeventer, mar. ; died without issue; Helen
Vandeventer, mar. N. S. Purcell and died without issue.
14. Ann Bryce Payne, married May 3, 1849, Rev. Henry R. Smith of
Otsego, New York. She died in Abingdon Dec. 12, 1907, leaving: 1;
Lillias Payne, born Sept. 17, 1852, mar. Late Salmon M. Withers and has
issue; 2. Eliza Bell, born Sept. 18, 1853, mar. Jas. Isaac Hutton of Kansas
City and has issue; 3. Nansie Bryce, bom Jan. 14, 1857, mar. John Emil
Roberts of New York and has issue; 4. Addison Melvin, born July 3, 1859.
unmarried.
15. William M. Payne, born in Goochland Feb. 15, 1828, married Dec.
2, 1852 Frances Mitchell, daughter of Rev. Jacob Duche Mitchell, D. D.
and his wife Harriet Morford. Wm. M. Payne served throughout the
Civil War and was Major and Quartermaster of General Walker's Divi-
sion at Appomattox. He died in Kinston, N. C, October 31, 1898.
Their children are: 1. James Mitchell, born Sept. 8, 1855, mar. Margaret
Belville and died Aug. 19, 1913, leaving issue; 2. William Spotswood,
born May 16, 1858, mar. Mary Norvcll and died July 9, 1907, without
issue; 3. Ida M., born April 30, 1860, died Mar. 26, 1880 unmarried; 4.
Josephine M., bora Nov. 20, 1861, married Dr. R. W. Wooton of Kinston,
N. C. and has issue; 5. J. Duche, horn July 7, 1867, mar. Minnie Kobe, no
GENEALUUy. 317
issue; G. Alexander S., born July 31, 1869, mar. \'ora VanLear Huddleson
and has issue; 7. Franees Dandridge, born Sept. 14, LS71, mar. Rev. E. D.
Brown and has issue.
16. Charlotte E. Payne, born in Gooehland Jan. 9, 1829, married Dec.
21, 1848, John H. Winston of Louisa County. She died in Bristol, Oct.
27, 19L"). Children: 1. Charlotte P., mar. (first) SamuelRead; (second)
Alexander West and has issue by both marriages; 2. Sarah Alctha, mar.
John Brown, died leaving issue; 3. Harriet, mar. Mr. Gwathmey and has
issue; 4. Frank, mar. ; 5. Mary Lee, unmarried; G. John, mar. Miss
Taylor and died leaving issue.
17. Harriet J. Payne, born in Goochland Feb. 11, 1831, married Capt.
Wm. Steptoe in 1867 and died in 1876 without issue. Capt. Steptoe served
in the 2nd Virginia Cavalry during the Civil War and was a grandson of
James Steptoe the well l:nown Clerk of Bedford Co.
18. Dr. Archibald Boiling married Ann E. Wigginton. daughter of
Benjamin Wigginton of Bedford County. He practiced medicine in
Bedford County until his death during the war. His family then moved
to Wytheville. They had three children: 1. Judge William Holcombe,
married Sept. 1860, Sallie Wliite; 2. Harriet, mar. Mr. Waddell of .Miss-
issippi, has issue; 3. Mary Jefferson, mar. Mr. Teusler and has issue.
The late Judge William H. Boiling left his widow and nine children, of
whom Edith married (first) Norman Gait of Washington and (second)
Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States. ^ ,,
IFor additional Payne genealogy, see this Magazine Vol. VI, number
3 and 4; VII, 1, 2; XIX, 2.)
The Gokslch and Lom-x.xce F.amii.ik.s.
(Continued)
Children of the Rev. John-* Gorsuch (DanieH, William') and his wife
Anne (Lovelacej, Richard Gorsuch'*, of Talbot County, Maryland.
6. RiCH.\kD Gorsuch' (John •*, Daniel-, William' j. Baptized April
19, 1637 at Walkem, Herts. He was one of the four younger children
for whose transportation Theo. Hoane received land on the Rappahan-
nock February 22, 1652 (see ante p. 89). He joined in the petition to the
Lancaster Court April 1, 1657, asking for the appointment of guardians
(see ante p. 91). With Thomas Powell July 16, 1659 he entered rights
for 300 acres of land for Powell and himself in Baltimore County (Mary-
land Patents; 4; 54). The tract "Richardson" on the north shore
of the Patapsco on the east side of Welshman's Creek was surveyed
for him July 30, 1659 and patented February 14, 1659-60 (Idem.;
4; 234 and 341). May 13, 1661 he entered rights for transport-
ing six persons, among them an Elizabeth Gorsuch, into the province
:\r, I !>
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318 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
fidem • 1- 551). Richard Gor.such (no wife mentioned in the deed)
''14th of 1st month, IGtil" assigns to Thomas Powell the tract (unnamed)
300 acres on the north side of the Patapsco surveyed tor h.m m 1 ...J
(Balto Co. Deeds R. M.: H. S: 5); and again 'Tith ot 11th month WA-
5 ■■ Richard Gorsuch and his wife Elizaheth convey to Thoma. 1 owcl,
bV what seems to be a confirmatory deed, 300 acres of land, apparently
this same tract, but here called "Walnutt Neck"*, on the east side of
February" lGfyl-5, when his wife Elizabeth joins him m transfcrnng
Welshman's Creek (Idem. I. R: P. P: Wi). If the Elizabeth Gor.uch
mentioned above for whose transportation he claimed rights was hi.
wife Elizabeth, it seems probable that he married her before coming to
Baltimore County, although it is just possible that this Elizabeth was
his sister who, about that time, married a Powell. It i. certain tha
Richard Gorsuch married prior to the "12th day llth month caled
"Walnutt Neck" [or "Richardson"). He probably removed to lalbot
County soon after disposing of this tract, for his name as well as that ot
his brother Lovelace and of the Powell family soon appear on the records
of this county. Richard Gorsuch and his brother Lovelace appear as
executors of the will of Thomas Powell of Talbot County, dated January
17 1669-70 and proved April 11, 1670. Soon after this time Richard
Gorsuch appears to have wandered into the Province of New York where
his uncle. Col. Francis Lovelace was then Governor, as there can be litt e
question that the following reference applies to him: "Richard Gorsuch,
conveyed his right to a patent for a tract of land on the west side of Dela-
ware River to Governor Lovelace. It is described as bounded on ye
North by a Creek called ye Indyans Quiackkitkunck Creek als N.cam-
banack Creek '-General Entries, vol. 4, p. 189; dated in an order re-
lating thereto, August 12, 1672" (New York Executive Council Mmutes;
1668-1073, Administration of Francis Lovelace; Albany, UIO, \ol. J,
p 167) In the Minutes of the Executive Council of the Province of the
New York Jan'ry 28th, 1672, there is an entry "relatmg ye Miscarriage
of a Packett from his Ma'tie [Majesty], w'ch Mr. Gorsuch was to give Ac-
cot of, but his Letter IS not Arrived." (Idem) The editor o the recently
published Minutes of the Executive Council, identUies Mr. Gorsuch
the bearer of the Packett as Richard Gorsuch the patentee ot the tract
on the Delaware, but on what grounds he does not state. It seems
possible, however, that his brother Robert Gorsuch. whose whereabouts
at this time is not known, might well have been in New York.
Richard Gorsuch^ , Oct. 3. 1603, before he finally left Baltimore County,
purchased from Edward Lloyd 200 acres on the north west side ot Divid-
ing Creek on the north side of the Choptank River, part ol a large tract
*In later deeds this tract is referred to as "Richardson" vulgarly
known as "Walnutt Neck'.'-see deed from James lodd to Mark bwift
(Balto. Deeds; H. W.: No. 2, 153).
818
.■n> 'vvl
GENEALGOY. 319
of 3050 acres patented by Lloyd and known as "Hier Dicr Lloyd" (Talbot
Co. Deeds 1; G), where Richard Gorsuch and his descendants appear to
have afterwards lived. Tliere is an acknowledgment from Thomas
Powell, dated March 21, 1GG5-G to Ricliard Gorsuch, which recites ihat
a tract of land at the head of the norih west branch of the Great Ghop-
tank ["Old Town"] containing hOO acres, had been surveyed for Thomas
Powell and Richard Gorsuch, but as the patent had been issued to Powell,
he wishes to acknowledge that half of this land belongs to Gorsuch (Tal-
bot Co. Deeds A. No. 1; 1G9). With it is hied a letter from Edward Roe
certifying that he was a witness to this acknowledgment. This tract
was afterwards resurveyed by his son, Richard Gorsuch'', under a special
warrant issued March 3, 1G95-G. (Annap. Warrents Liber A; 7G). Henry
Parnam of Talbot, Jan. 20, 1671 deeded his personal property and all of
his landa by deed of gift to Richard Gorsuch, the latter agreeing to sujjply
Parnam "with sufficient food and rement honestly performed as becometh
a man and nourished in sickness or in health — during this my naturall
life" (idem; 34). It was doubtless in this way that Richard Gorsuch
acquired "Rigby's Marsh," 300 acres, afterwards sold by his son, Rich-
ard Gorsuch-''' March 11, 1703-4 to Howell Powell (Talbot Deeds 9; 307).
This tract lying on the Cabin Branch of the Choptank had been sold
"3d 10th month 1665" by James Rigby and his wife Catherine Rfingold]
Rigby to Henry Parnam (Talbot Deeds A No. 1; 23).
The Annapolis Testamentary Proceedings show that Richard (}or-
such^ acted as Deputy Commissary for Talbot County in 1674, 1675 and
1676. "Mr. Richard Gorsuch," Jan. 20th, 1673-4 was a Commissioner
of Talbot County (Talbot Co. Deeds I No. A; 273). Richard Gorsuch
was appointed March 2, 1675-6 one of the "Gent. Justices" of Talbot
(Archiv. Md. 15; 71). It is uncertain whether Richard Gorsuch became
a Quaker, as his brothers Charles and Lovelace and his sister Elizabeth
Powell are known to have done. It is of course possible that the pur-
chaser, Thomas Powell, was responsible for the Quaker phraseology of
the two deeds already referred to, by which Richard Gorsuch transferred
land on the Patapsco to Powell.
Under the will of lidward Roe of Talbot Co. dated March 4, 1675 and
proved July 3, 1676, Thomas Duncan, the son of the testator's wife, re-
ceived the tract "Bachelor's Plantation," while the remainder of the
land was left to his wife Mary and to his daughter Elizabeth. He left
10,000 pounds of tobacco to Anne Gorsuch, the daughter of Richard
Gorsuch and an additional 10,000 pounds to be divided among the rest
of Richard Gorsuch's children. The widow, Mary Roe, Capt. Philamon
Lloyd, Capt. Peter Sayer and Richd. Gorsuch were appointed executors.
(Annap. Wills 5; 59). Richard Gorsuch died intestate and his estate
was administered upon Apr. 2, 1G77 by his widow Elizabeth (Annap.
Test. Proc. 9, 23). The inventory filed June 23, 1677 showed a personal
estate of 36,624 pounds of tobacco appraised by Thos. Alexander and
Richard Girling (Annap. Invs. & Accts. 4; 1S7). A petition was tiled in
prr
A WKI ,f .AJjjf
320 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
the Prerogative Cuurt Mareh 12, 1().S2 by Samuel Hatlon and his wife
Elizabeth, relict of Richard Gori^uch, in which it was recited that Edward
Roe left a legacy of 10,000 pounds of tobacco to Ann, daughter of Richard
Gorsuch and a like amount to be divided among Gorsuch's other children.
It is further recited that Ann Gorr^uch died unmarried and that Richard
Gorsuch at the time of the death of Edward Roe had four cliildrLU then
living, viz., Mary, Richard, Elizabeth, and Sarah, one of v.hom, Mary,
had since married Richard Keene. The Court ordered the two executors,
William Combs and his wife Mary, the daughter of Richard Roe (the
other executors ajjpointed under the will of Edward Roe having renounced)
to make distribution of the legacies (Annnp. Test. Proc. I'.i; 13). En-
tered at the end of Liber II of the Talbot County Court Proceedings are
to lie found a number of seventeenth century records of births. Among
these entries are the follov.-ing: Richard Gorsuch, the sonn of Ricliard
Gorsuch was born Feb., 1(372: Charles Gorsuch, the sonn cjf Rieiiard
Gorsuch born Feb., KiTO. These are both unquestionably the sons
fjf Richard Gorsuch'. The date of Charles Gorsuch's birth being really
Feb., 107G-7 explains why he did not share with his brother and si.-iers
the legacy of Edward Roe who had died before his birth.
From the above evidence Richard Gorsuch^ appears to have married
prior to May 13, 16G1, probably before coming into Maryland. The
surname of his wife Elizabeth is not knovv-n. It would appear that there
may be a relationship between her and Henry Parnam who deeded his
property to Richard Gorsuch in 1(371. It is also possible that there may
have been a connection between her and Edward Roe who left legacies
to the Gorsuch children. It is known from the petition of March 12
1(382 that she married secondly Samuel Hatton of Talbot County. She
appears to have married him prior to Sept. 23, 1078, when Samuel Hatton,
Gentleman, and his wife Elizabeth convey their moiety in the tract
"Hatton" to Geo. Conoley (Talbot Co. Deeds 3; 215). Samuel Hatton in
a deed dated Jan. 20, 1073-4 conveys a tract called "Chairpinham" in St.
Michael's River to Abraham Bishopp, in which Hatton describes him-
self as of the City of Bristol, England, merchant, (idem A. No. 1;2S7-S).
There was evidently a close relationship between this Samuel Hatton
and a "Thomas Hatton of Tewkesbury in the county of Glouster in the
Kingdom of England, brother and heir of John Hatton formerly of
London," as all three are mentioned in a Maryland Chancery .suit about
1608-71 (Annap. Chan. Proc. CD; 87-91). In this suit a tract "Persimmon
Point," 4.00 acres in Baltimore County on Rumley Creek purchased by
John Hatton is one of the tracts involved. Samuel Hatton and his wife
Elizabeth March 11, 167S-9 gave a power of attorney to Charles Gorsuch
and James Phillips to convey this tract to Miles Gibson describing it:
"which land has come into the hands of Samuel Hatton" (Balto.
Deeds IR; PP. 32-33). Samuel Hatton probably died in 1087-8 as his
estate was administered upon by Elizabeth Hatton Mar. 8, 1087-8 (Test.
Proc. 9; 474). Whether Samuel and Elizabeth Hatton had issue is not
GENEALGOY. '" 321
known. The widow married very promptly a third husband, as Herman
fToakc's and Elizabeth his wife soon afterwards file an account (Test.
Proc. 10; 184). Nothing further has been learned in regard to this last
marriage.
From the petition in regard to the distribution of the estate of Edward
Roe it has been seen that Richard Gur.'uch' and his wife Elizabeth had
live children bom prior to July 3, 1G7G viz., Anne, Mary, Richard, Eliza-
beth, and Sarah, while from the old Talbot register of births not only
the date of the birth of the eldest son Richard is learned, but the fact
that there was another son, Charles, born Feb., 1076-7. Down to this
point we are on comparatively solid ground. When an attempt is made
however to trace the descendants of the two sons, Richard"* and Charles'',
difliculties are at once encountered in establishing identities. It will be
recalled that Richard Gorsuch'' and his younger brother Lovelace^ were
the only two of the four Gorsuch brothers who came to Maryland, who
settled permanently upon the Eastern Shore, the former establishing
himself in Talbot and the latter in Dorchester, the adjoining County.
Fortunately the line of Lovelace Gorsuch-* (see post) can be thoroughly
worked out by wills, deeds and the Tred Avon Quaker Meeting records.
There remain however a considerable number of individuals bearing the
name Gorsuch found recorded in the registers of the established church
of Talbot County, and among the other county records, during the first
half of the eighteenth century, definitely known not to be of the line of
Lovelace Gorsuch*, who not only by exclusion but by various indirect
evidence, would certainly appear to be descendants of Richard^ and
Charles^, sons of Richard Gorsuch'*. In view of the impossibility of
drawing positive conclusions from the insufficient data now in hand, it
seems best at this point to give all the Gorsuch entries in the Register*
of old St. Peter's Parish, Talbot County, and to construct therefrom,
and from the few other Gorsuch references of this period available, what
must be a more or less tentative pedigree of these latter lines. It is
hoped that the publication oi this pedigree may be the means of bringing
to light additional evidence from sources not available to the writer.
The writer wishes to take this opportunity of thanking Miss Harriet
P. Marine, of Baltimore, for the invaluable assistance she has rendered
by her researches among the Talbot Covmty Court records, and for the
interesting data which she has unearthed.
Richard Gossutch and Elizath. Martin, married Dec. 3, 1696
Charles Gorsuch and Sarah his wife married 12th day June, 1700 by Mr.
Nobbs, minister
Charles Gorsuch, son Charles & Sarah Gorsuch, bom Sept. 25, 1703
Thomas Bowdle & Sarah Gorsuch married Dec. 6, 1709
William Ridgway & Sarah Gorsuch married Nov. 19, 1724
*Gorsuch Entries — St. Peter's Parish Register Talbot County
I^Z
* iviu .a£ V -, »T rtuL
>:0T1 fii '.({li^ rr "'
322 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
Charles Gorsuch married Mary Comich Dec. 2, 172.5
Sarah Gorsuch, daughter of Charles & Mary, born June l.S, 172,S
Elizabeth Gorsuch, daughter Charles & Mary, born April 10, 1730
John Gorsuch, son Charles & Mary, bom March 14, 1731
Hannah Gorsuch, daughter of Charles He Mary, born Feb. 20, 1733
Richard Gorsuch & Elizabeth Eason married June 5, 1732
Richard Gorsuch & Mary Wheeler married May 29, 1730
Daniel Gossage, son of Charles Gossage & Eve Hopkins his wife, bom
Feb. 2S, 1760 married Nov. 28, 1783 to Elizabeth Hopkins.
St. Luke's Register, Queen Anne County:
Rachel Gossage married John Starkey, June 20, 175S by license.
Talbot County Marriage Licenses:
Charles Gorsuch married Mary Dodson, Oct. IS, 174G by license.
Children of Richard"* (john^, Daniel^, William i) and Elizabeth
Gorsuch:
1. Anne Gorsuch^ (Richard^, John'^, Daniel-, William*). Died un-
married prior to March 12, 1GS2.
2. Mary Gorsuch^ (Richard*, John^, Daniel-, William*). Married
prior to March 12, 1682, Richard Keene. Line not traced.
3. Richard Gorsuch^ (Richard*, John^, DanieF, William*). He was
bom February 4, 1672 (Talbot Co. Court Proc. Liber II). There
is no c^uestion that he was the Richard Cossutch*, who Dec. 3,
1696 married Elizabeth Martin (St. Peter's Reg.). Her identity
has not been determined with certainty. She was probably the
daughter of Thomas Martin, who appears to have lived on the
plantation, also a part of the tract "Hier Dier Lloyd," adjoining
the land of Richard Gorsuch on Dividing Creek branch of the
Choptank Rixer, and who Feb. 8, 1693-4 petitioned the Coiuicil of
Maryland to order a resurvey of the bounds between his plantation
and that of Richard Gorsuch (Archiv. Md. 26; 38-9). This Thomas
Martin in his will dated August 27, 1690, proved August 2, 1705,
names his sons, vSamuel, Thomas, William, Henry, and Robert
Martin, and his wife Jane, but only makes reference to a daughter
Hannah (Annap. Wills; 3; 067). That he had at least one other
daughter seems certain from the will of his son, Thomas Martin, Jr.,
of Talbot, dated Jan. 5, 1715, proved June 14, 1741 in which he men-
tions his sister, Mary Lyon (Annap. Wills 1741). There seems
every likelihood therefore that Thomas Martin, Sr. had other
daughters provided for during his life and therefore not mentioned
in his will, one of whom apparantly married Richard Gorsuch^.
There is a tomlistone in the old Martin graveyard at "Hampden,"
*The name is spelt Cossutch in the original register; in the Md. Hist.
Soc. transcript it has been incorrectly copied Gossuloh.
Oi
f^riojjfl
•tw bo«c 1
S
GENEALOGY. ' 323
Talbot, Countyof "Elizabeth Martin ye daughter of Thomas Mar-
tin"died lG7G(Ridi,'ley's Historic Graves of Maryland; 219). It was
probably another daughter of the same name, born shortly after-
wards, who married Richard Gorsuch-"'. The Martins of Talbot
have been an intiuential family for generations. Richard Gorsuch
July 17, 1700, leased to Alexander Boyess [Boyce] a tract, unnamed
and of unstated acreage, upon which Boyess was then living, lying
on the north side of Divitling Creek adjoining the plantation of
Thomas Martin, during the life of Alexander Boyess and his wife
Sarah (Talbot Co. Deeds; 11; 20). Richard Gorsuch, Dec. 27,
1703 conveys to Nicholas Goldsborough his one-third interest in
the tract "Old Town," SOO acres (Talbot Co. Deeds 9, 2G2). This
was the same tract which had been sur\'eyed originally for his
father Richard Gorsuch"* and Thomas Powell. Richard Gorsucii^
March 11, 1703 conveyed to Howell Powell a tract of 300 acres
called "Rigby's Marsh" on Cabin Branch of the Choptank River
(Talbot Deeds; 9; 307). It has already been shown that this
tract had been acquired by his father, Richard Gorsuch* from
Henry Parnam. Richard Gorsuch^ died in 1705, as his widow,
Elizabeth Gorsuch, exhibited her administration bond, with John
MuUikin and John Lyon her securities in £200, Oct. 7, 1705 (Test.
Proc. 19B; S9). The inventory of Richard Gorsuch of Talbot
County showing personal property valued at £103:10:10 was tileii
Ajjr. 17, 1700; and the administration account by Elizabeth Gor-
such, the widow, filed July 19, 1706, showed a total personal
estate of £438:8:10 (Annap. Inv. & Accts. 25; 371 & 42).
The Talbot County Rent Roll for 1707 (Md. Hist. Soc.
MSS.), shows that Richard Gorsuch's widow was then in
possession of 200 acres, a part of "Hier Dier Lloyd,"
bought by his father in 10G3. As corroborative evidence of the
identity of Elizabeth iMartin, the wife of Richard Gorsuchs, it
should be noted that one of her sureties for the administration of
her husband's estate was John Lyon. It will be recalled that
Thomas IMartin, Jr. had a sister Mary Lyon. This supports the
theory that Elizabeth Martin, who married Richard Gorsuch^,
was probably a sister of Thomas Martin, Jr. Furthermore ihe
lease executed in 1751 by Thomas Martin to Richard Gorsuch'", at a
nominal rent, of "Hier Dier Lloyd" for the remainder of Richard's
life may indicate that Martin wished to render assistance to a
hard-up relation. The widow of Richard Gorsuch^ was living in
1733, when she appears in the Annapolis Debt Book as charged
with the quit rent of "Hier Dier Lloyd." Richard Gorsuch, who
appears in a transaction involving the Gorsuch tract, part of "Hier
Dier Lloyd," in 1724 was certainly the son of Richard^ and Eliza-
beth (Martin). It is mot known whether there were other childrcm.
£SZ
324 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ['^n,
Issue of Richard'^ and Elizabeth (Martin) Gorsuch:
(l) Richard" Gorsuch (Richard^, Richard-*, John'', Daniel-,
William^). Born prior to 1706. The marriage of Richard
Gorsuch and Elizabeth Eason took place June 5, 1732 (St.
Peter's Register). Again May 29, 1739 the marriage of
Richard Gorsuch and Mary Wheeler is recorded (idem).
What little else is known in regard to Richard Gorsuch^ is
learned through a rather remarkable series of transactions
in which the Gorsuch portion of the tract, "Hier Dier Lloyd,"
figures. Richard Gorsuch Sept. 7, 1724 leases all this tract
of 200 acres to Loftus Bowdle for the life of Loftus and the
latter's son Thomas, With this lease was filed the bond of
• Loftus Bowdle under which he binds himself in return to pro-
vide for Richard Gorsuch during the remainder of Gorsuch's
, V life. This bond is of considerable interest as it gives a pic-
t ■ turesque view of the every-day life of the times, and would
seem to be a not unusual form of agreement existing in Talbot
County in early times, and if carried out in spirit, was not
altogether an unsatisfactory method of assuring a comfortable
old age to a broken-down relation or friend. Bowdle under-
takes "to keep and maintain Richard Gorsuch in good and
sufficient drink, washing, lodging and wearing apparell of
. ( every kind with all other necessarys suitable to the following
• 1 stuffs or chattels, to be worn by the said Gorsuch according
to the season of the year, that is in summer sogathy, duroy,
or camblet, in the winter English kersey, or for want of these,
some other like price service and decency, and also to keep
or provide saddles and bridles for the said Richard Gorsuch
his use, farther the said Loftus hath undertaken for the said
Richard to free & exempt him from all manner of public tax
or pole money whatsoever, and from all labor, and also to pay
unto the said Richard Gorsuch three gallons of rum or brandy,
[a year] and two barrels of maze or Indian com with good and
sufficient pasturage for one horse— during the whole term of the
natural life of the said Richard and no longer — and to maintain
i and keep or cause to be maintained or kept in the dwelling-
". house of him the said Loftus and his heirs with good and suf-
ficient meat, drink, and all other things necessary — so that the
before mentioned Richard be handsomely and neatly kept and
maintained — (signed) Loftus Bowdle." (Talbot Deeds 13; 135-
145). Thomas Bowdle, the son of Loftus, and his wife Mary,
Sept. 22, 1741 sold to Thomas Martin what would seem to be
their leasehold interest in a part of the Gorsuch tract (idem
15; 92), and July 22, 1746 the remainder of the tract to Martin.
There was some difficulty about the title for it would appear
from the deed that Martin had brought suit against Bowdle
IV
IS
oi
GENEALOGY. 325
in the Provincial Court Apr. 1740, and that the Court had
ordered Richard Gor.such and Thomas Bowdle to execute
confirmatory deeds (idem 16; 294, 297, 311). Apparently to
perfect the title, Thomas Martin July 16, 1751 leases part of
this same tract to Richard Gorsuch for the latter's life, and
immediately thereafter Richard Gorsuch assigns his lease to
Loftus Bowdle (idem 17; 524). It will be recalled that there
was a connection between the Gorsuch and Bowdle families,
Thomas Bowdle having married Sarah Gorsuch Dec. 6, 1709.
It is supposed that this Sarah Gorsuch was the aunt of Rich-
ard^. No further trace of Richard Gorsuch has been found
in the records, nor is it known whether he left descendants.
4. Elizabeth Gorsuch^ (Richard'*, John^, Daniel-, William^- Living
and unmarried in 16S2. Not traced.
5. Sarah Gorsuch^ (Richard-*, John•^ DanieF, William'). Living and
unmarried in 1GS2. It was probably this Sarah Gorsuch who
Dec. 6, 1709 married Thomas Bowdle (St. Peter's Register). The
Register records the birth of Joseph son of Tho. and Sarah Bowdle
30th 8th mo 1710, and also records the death of Sarah Bowdle
May 12, 1724. This Bowdle line has not been worked out.
6. Charles Gorsuch^ (Richard •',John^, Daniel-, William')- He was
bom Feb. 1670-7 (Talbot Co. Court Proc. liber II). The St. Peter's
Register records the marriage June 12, 1701 of "Charles Gorsuch
and Sarah his wife" and the birth of Charles, son of Charles
and Sarah Gorsuch, Sept. 25, 1703. The birth of no other child
of this marriage is recorded. The Sarah Gorsuch whose marriage
Nov. 19, 1724 to William Ridgway is recorded in the St. Peter's
Register may be another child of Charles^ or she may be a child
of his brother Richard'^. The name Sarah rather suggests the
first possibility. The date of Charles Gorsuch^ death is not
known, neither has his v/ill nor administration been found. The
will of John Burnyeyat (Barnyeat) of Talbot County dated Apr.
26, 1726 and proved Aug. 3, 1720, mentions his kinsman Charles
Gorsuch (Annap. Wills 19;1). This may refer however either to
this Charles^ or to his son Charles".
Issue of Charles^ and Sarah Gorsuch:
(1) Charles Gorsuch*' (Charles-\ Richard^ John-', DanieF, Will-
iami). Born Sept. 25, 1703 (St. Peter's Register). This is
unquestionably the Charles Gorsuch whose marriage to Mary
Comich Dec. 2, 1725 is recorded (St. Peter's Register). A
Talbot County deposition gives the age of Charles Gorsuch
as 35 or 30 in 1741 (Dr. Christopher Johnston's Depositions
MSS. ) . Nothing further has been learned in regard to Charles
Gorsuch'' except the record of the births [)etween 1728-1733,
of four children of Charles and Mary Gor.such in the St. Peter's
Register viz., Sarah, Elizabeth, John and Hannah. There is
SSf.
.:o
i .♦
) .8
i"l'j-. vefii r'ut 1
»Jrl
ti ■-..:.{ ih.
326 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
no Register record of the birth of a son Charles, although there
is every likelihood that the Charles Gorsuch who married
Eve Hopkins prior to 1700, was another son. There may also
have been another son Robert (see foot note*). Whether the
Charles Gorsuch who married Mary Dodson 1740 is Charles^
making a second marriage or a son Charles'' is uncertain.
Issue of Charles** and Mary (Cornich) Gorsuch:
i.? Charles Gorsuch^? {Charles", Charles^, Richard*, John^,
Daniel-, William'). As stated before there was a Charles
Gorsuch living in Talbot during the middle of the eighteenth
century, who for the following reasons would seem to belong
here. A Talbot County marriage license to Charles Gorsuch
and Mary Dodson was issued Oct. IS, 1746. The St. Peter's
Register records the birth of Daniel son of Charles Gossage
and Eve Hopkins his wife Feb. 28, 1760. It seems probable
that the latter record alone refers to Charles Gorsuch''' . The
writer has seen a deposition made by Mrs. Elizabeth (Gorsuch)
West a granddaughter of Charles Gorsuch the husband of Eve
Hopkins, dated June 4, ISSO, she being then 74 years old, in
which she declares that her grandfather who is buried in White
Marsh Church (St. Peter's Parish) near Oxford, Talbot
County.was a son of Charles Gorsuch of Talbot. The affidavit
gives the children of her grandfather Charles Gorsuch as
Daniel, Peter, Solomon, James, Joshua, Samuel, Elizabeth
and Nancy, the deponent being a daughter of Peter. The
statements contained in this deposition are confirmed by an
entry in the St. Peter's Register: "Daniel Gossage, son of
Charles Gossage & Eve Hopkins his wife, born Feb. 28, 1700
married Nov. 28, 1783 to Elizabeth Hopkins." If the order
of birth of the children as given in the deposition is correct,
is it probable that they were all the children of Charles and
Eve (Hopkins) Gorsuch. It also seems probable that the
Gorsuch family of Talbot, which until comparatively recently
was rather numerous in that county, were all descended from
this Charles, many of them adopting the spelling Gossage*
later. These lines are not carried down here.
*In "Heads of Families— Maryland, 1790," under Talbot County
are to be found the following "heads": Charles Gossage, with 1 free
male under 16, and 2 free white females; Robert Gossage, with 4 free
white males under 16, and 2 free White females; Daniel Gossage, with
2 free white males under 16, and 2 free white females; John Gossage,
with one other free white male over 16, and 3 free white females;
Greenberry Gossage, with 4 free white females, In the lists the first
two names immediately follow each other, as do the last three. All
are doubtless of this same line, although some cannot be placed. No
other individuals bearing the name Gossage or Gorsuch are found in
the lists of any of the other Eastern Shore counties.
.^u.^-;
IrUGK Willi AM Fl.lCMING
Negative Property of
H. P. Cook. Photographer,
Richmond, Va.
.^ .^.' fa-ifrV.IW .
GENEALOGY. ' ' 327
ii. Sarah Gorsuch" (Charles^, Charles^, Richard*, John '^, DanieP,
Williami). Born June 13, 1728 (St. Peter's Reg.),
lii. Elizabeth Gorsuch^ (Charles^. Charles-'', Richard'*, John^,
Daniel-. William^). Born Apr. 16, 1730 (St. Peter's Reg.).
iv. John Gorsuch^ (Charles", Charles^, Richard"*, John^, Daniel^,
Williami). Born March 14, 1731 (St. Peter's Reg.).
V. Hannah Gorsuch" (Charles'% Charles^, Richard*, John^,
Daniel^, Williami). Born Feb. 20, 1733 (St. Peter's Reg.).
(2) ? Sarah Gorsuch'' ? (Charles^ , Richard"* , John-' , Daniel2 , Williami ) . ?
It seems probable that the Sarah Gorsuch whose marriage Nov.
19, 1724 to William Ridgway is recorded in the St. Peter's Register
belongs here. This line has not been traced.
The Ancesioks and I.'Escendants of Jok.v Roue with Notes on some
Connected F.xmieiks. v,r
The Fi.EMiNfi Family. . :> i-
(Continued) ' ' '
13. WiLLi.AM^ Fleminc;, "fourth son and si.xth child was born at Mt.
Pleasant in the county of Goochland (now Powhatan) on the 6th day of
July 1736, and married Bettie Champe, the 6th and youngest daughter
of Col. John Champe, late of the county of Kmg George (merchant) on
the fifth day of Oct. 1766 and had issue four daughters who lived to be
women, and one son. He died at Summerville, February 15, 1824."
{Family Bible).
William Fleming was educated at 'William and Mary College, and
while there was the collegemate and friend of Jefferson, and others, who
became leaders in the Revolution, and with whom he remained on inti-
mate terms in after life. On completing his College course he studied
for the bar, aq^d commenced the practice of law in Cumberland and the
neighboring counties. Not long before the Revolution he entered public
life, taking his seat as a member of the House of Burgesses for Cumber-
land in February, 1772, and was reelected to the sessions of March 1773,
May 1774, August 1774, and June 1775. Like all his family, Wm. Fleming
was an active supporter of American rights, and in Feb. 1775 was a mem-
ber of the county committee of safety of Cumberland. He was recom-
mended by the committee for appointment as Colonel of the militia of
the coiuity, and qualified in this office by taking the oath Oct. 23d, 1775.
On Nov. 26, 1775, when a new election was held to choose members of the
committee, he received next to the highest vote, and on October 28, 1776 '
was again re-elected, he and George Carrington receiving the same vote,
\^K
:U2)
/. auT
io?; V
J'Jl- CJI ' D; iJ
^:i'
) 'I ' ■. : III ! ^t
328 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ■ •
more than was cast for any other (Journal of Committee). He was a
member of the Conventions of Marcli 1775, July 1775, December 1775,
and of that which met May 0, 1770, and declared the independence of
Virginia, and in the last named he was a inemljcr of the "independence
committee." {Jourtiuls of Conventions). -After the establishment of
the state government he continued a member of the House of Delegates,
representing Cumberland in Oct. 177G, Dec. 1770, May 1777, and Oct.
1777, and Powhatan (which had been formed from Cumberland) in the
sessions of May and October 1778, Dec. 1779, and Chesterfield in May and
Nov. 1780. During the sessions of 1780, he was Chairman of the com-
mittee of the whole. On Dec. 10th, 1778 the Virginia As.senibly elected
him a member of Congress, in the room of John Banister resigned, to
serve until August 11, 1778. {Journals of House of Delegates). lie ap-
pears not to have taken his seat in the latter bcjdy until April 28, ]77»>,
for on that date the Journals of Congress record that he attended and
presented his credentials. On Xm'. 20, 1780 the Virginia Legislature
again honored hmi by electing him a judge of the General Court, and
some years later promoted him to the bench of the newly formed Ci)urt
of Appeals. His commission to the latter position, dated Dec. 31, 17SS,
and signed by Gov. Beverley Randolph, is preserved.
Nor was it only in a civil capacity that Wm. Fleming rendered service
during the Revolution. When the county of Powhatan was formed from
Cumberland he was appointed county lieutenant, his commission, signed
by Gov. Henry, bearing the date July 31st, 1777. He probably held this
office for several years, and as documents remaining show, rendered
useful service. Among the few of his papers which remain is a subscrip-
tion list taken in Powhatan county, for the purpo.se of paying bounties to
recruits and preventing a draught of the militia. It is as follows, the
number after the names indicating the number of dollars subscribed:
"We the subscribers hereby oblige ourselves to pay on demand, to the
commander of the militia of Powhatan, the several sums of money set
against our names respectively, to be by him equally distributed amongst
such able bodied men as will engage to serve in one of the Virginia regi-
ments on continental establishment, for one year, in order to prevent a
draught of the militia for completing the sd regiments; provided that not
more than 200 dollars, besides the public bounty, be paid to any one
person so enlisting.
"Wm. Fleming 40, Cha. Fleming 30, Wm. Mayo 30, Jas. Bagbey 10,
Samuel Hobson 10, Thomas Moseley 10, Robt. Hatcher 10, Wm. Tucker
Jur. 10, Jos. Mayo 10, Thos. Harris 20, Robt. Smith 10, John Moseley 10,
Littleberry Mosby 40, David Hughes 10, Joseph Thomson 10, Wm.
Pointer 3, Pete Wilkinson 3, Jas. Wilkinson 5, Absalom Toler 4, Saml.
White 3, Patrick Fitzsimmons 4, Danl. Hi.x 3, Rd. Cnimp 30, Robt.
Richardson 10, John Moss, D. Creek 6, Chas. Rice 4, Saml. Woodson 0,
John Porter 10, John Steuart Senr. 5, Geo. Mosl)y S, Kdv.-ard Mumfcjrd
20, James Pleasants 10, S. Hyde Saunders 10, Jas. Drake 10, Henry Bagby
.8
GENEALOGY.
329
Jr. 6, W. Watson Sr. 3, Sam. Webster 4, John Wilkinson 4, Ananias Han-
cock 3, W. Goode 5, T. Wilkinson 2, P. F. Turpin 20, Capt. Binns 2, Wm.
Karr 3, Thos. Epperson 3, Jesse Winfree 7, Jas. Toler 2, John Wilkinson
10, John Perkins 4, Jos. Baker 3, Peter Crawford 10, Jas. Kerr 2, AIj.
Stovall 2, Egbert Woodfin 2, John Gilbies 0, Otey Prosser 4, Wm. Scott
3, Danl. Bagby 3, Bennett Goode 10, Edwd. Cox 20, Wm. Bagby 0, John
Cannifax 5, John French 2, John Carter 10, Jacob Moseley 4, John Hurt
3, J. P. Bondurant 4, John Welburn 4, Saml. Morgan 4, Wm. Moss 4,
Wm. Hules 9, Jos. Vaughan, Frank Stegar 10, Sandy Cousins 3, John
Bryant 1, Wm. Bennet 1, Wm. Howard 2, Jos. Salle 2, Jas. Scott 3, Wm.
Cooper 10, Wm. Forsie 10, John Sublit 0, John Depp 4, John Harris 4,
John Sandefar 4, Wm. Burner S, Wm. Street 5, John Short 5, Fell Leseur
3, C. Forsie 10, Robt. Cardin 5, Peter Lookado 10, Jos. Clark 3, David
Flournoy 2, Shadrach Roper 12, Lewis Chadoin 8, Henry Holman 10,
Danl. Branch 5, Noel T>acy 3, John Deans 30, Robt. Moseley 5, John Har-
ris 20, Martin Leseur o, Anth'y Martin 20, Geo. Stov. Smith 10, Wm.
Burton 5, John Howard 20, John Moss 3, Dutoy Branch 2, Wm. Gay 40,
John Moss, 5, David Lync 5, John Bernard 2o, Danl. Scott, John King,
Jas. Bedford.
"Rec'd of Vincent Markham 12th Feby 177S, £23. 3. 9, or 77 dollars and
1. 9d. W. Fleming.
"Besides wch Jno. Baugh pd. 20 and T. Dawson 10 dollars. W. F. p'd
at the G. muster 100 dollars to Vine. xMarkham, wlio gave 30 of them to
Rd. Crump.
"Collected by V. Markham and W. Mayo at Gen. Muster 207 Dollars."
From 1788 until his death, thirty six years, Wm. Fleming remauied
a judge of the Court of Appeals, and from 1810, was President of the court.
While not a man of brilliant talents Judge Fleming was an able lawyer,
and an efficient and useful judge.
In the series of biographical sketches of Virginia judges given in Coil's
Reports (IV, XIX) it is .said: "He had good sense, was an ardent patriot,
and a very upright judge. Indulging in no theories or suljtilties, his
opinions were on the honest side of the cause; and always aiming to de-
cide rightly, he generally attained his object."
Another writer says: "Roane could give more reasons for his oi)inion;
but Fleming was most apt to be right."
The Richmond Encjuirer of Feb. 19, 1824, prints a brief obituary: "We
pay the melencholy duty we owe to a pure, revolutionary patriot, a
most venerable citizen, an upright judge, in recording the death of
William Fleming, esquire, Presiding Judge of the Court of Ajjpeals of
Virginia, fte has descended to the tomb full of years and accompanied
by the universal resiject of his fellow citizens. The life of such a man
calls for something more than a hasty paragraph in a newspaper. We
should feel obliged to the pen which will furnish us witli a biographical
sketch of the deceased patriot, who has served his country near GO
years."
«»«} T SifiO<:
330 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
In the House of Delegates of Virginia, on Feb. inih, "On motion of Mr.
Braneh the following resolution was adopted.
"Resolved unanimously, That this House from a grateful sense of the
long and faithful public services of the late William Fleming, one of the
Judges of the Supreme Court of Appeals, feel the deepest sympathy on
account of his death.
In offering this resolution, Mr. Branch made a few handsome and
appropriate remarks, in eulogy of the merits and virtues of that venerable
and beloved citizen. His faithful and gallant services during the whole
of the Revolution, both in the armies and the councils of the nation; his
able and upright services for more than half a century, without the inter-
mission of a day, in the various public stations, to which the admiration
and confidence of his fellow citizens had called him, were all referred to
by Mr. Branch as giving him a just claim to this tribute of respect and
gratitude. But, Mr. Branch said, his amiable and gentlemanly deport-
ment, his merits as a man; as a patriot, and as a friend and servant of his
country, were too well known to recjuire of him the least illustration."
Judge Fleming was throughout life a careful and systematic man in
matters of business, and at his death left a large quantity of papers, and
letters, neatly filed, filling several barrels. In addition to his own
papers covering a public life of fifty years or more, there were many which
had belonged to his father, and brothers, to all of whom he was surviving
executor. This very valuable collection (which included his diary for
many years) was almost entirely lost through the carelessness of his
executor, and the latter' s representatives.
In the Southern Literary Messenger for 1837, pp. 304-30G, are printed
several letters from Jefferson to William Fleming, and one from Fleming
to Washington. The first letter is without date; but was evidently
written shortly before the second, in 1704. These letters were found
among Judge Fleming's papers. The second letter is endorsed by the
recipient "Tom Jefferson's letter 20th March, 1764." The third letter,
not represented here, is a request that Fleming take charge of the busi-
ness of the Clients of Dabney Carr, who had just died, and the fourth and
fifth (neither reprinted here) are on political subjects. The first two are
given as illustrations of the life of the time and of the intimacy between
Fleming and Jefferson.
"Ri xxxx
"Dear Will,
From a crowd of disagreeable coinpcinions, among whom I have spent
three or four of the most tedious hours of my life, I retire into Gunn's
bedchamber to converse in black and white with an absent friend. I
heartily wish your were here that I might converse with a Christian once
more before I die: for die I must this night unless I should be relieved
by the arrival of some sociable fellow, but I will now endeavor to forget
my present sufferings and think of what is more agreeable to both of us.
•• """^--"-■=1 <•
"' ' GENEALOGY. »..Lt>Ju' 331
last Saturday 1 leit Ned Carters ["Blenheim," Albemarlel where I had
been happy in other good company, but particularly that of Miss Jenny
Taliaferro and though I can view the beauties of this world with the
most philosophical indifference, I could not but be sensible of the justice
of the character you had given me of her. she has in my opinion a great
resemblance of Nancy Wilton, [Ann Randolph of "Wilton"] but prettier.
I was vastly pleased with her playing on the spinnette and singing, and
could not help calling to mind those sublime verses of the Cumberland
genius.
"Oh! how I was charmed to see
\ Orpheus' music all in thee."
When you see Patsy Dandridge, tell 'god bless her.' I do not like the
ups and downs of a country life; today you are frolicking with a fine girl
and tomorrow 3'ou are moping by yourself. Thank god I I shall shortly be
where my happiness will be less interrupted. I shall salute all the girls be-
low in your name, particularly S — y P — r. dear Will 1 have thought of the
cleverest plan of life that can be imagined, you exchange your land for
Edgehill, or I mine for Fairfields, you marry S — y P — r, I marry R- — a
B — 1 [Rebecca Burwell, his "Belinda"], join and get a pole chair and a
pair of keen horses, practise the law in the same courts, and drive about
to all the dances in the country together. How do you like it? well I
am sorry you are at such a distance I cannot hear your answer, however,
you must let me know it by the first opporttmity, and all the other news
in the world which you imagine will affect me, I am dear Will
Yours affectionately
Th: Jefferson."
"Wms.burg. March 20. 17G4. 11 o'clock at night.
Dear Will
As the messenger who delivered me your letter, informs me that your
boy is to leave town tomorrow morning I will endeavor to answer it as
circumstantially as the hour of the night, and a violent headach, with
which 1 have been afflicted these two days, will permit. With regard
to the scheme which I proposed to you some time since, I am sorry to
tell you it is totally frustrated by Miss R. B's marriage with Jacrjuelin
Ambler which the people here tell me they daily expect. I say, the
people here tell me so, for (can you believe it?) I have been so abominably
indolent as not to have seen her since last October, wherefore I cannot
aflfirm that I know it from herself, though am as well satisfied that it is
true as if she had told me. well the lord bless her I say! But S — y
P — r is still left for you. I have given her a description of the gentleman
who, as I told her intended to make her an offer of his hand, and asked
whether or not he might expect it would be accepted. She would not
determine till she saw him or his picture . Now Will, as you are a piece
of a limner I desire that you will seat yourself immediately before your
looking glass and draw such a picture of yourself, as you think proper.
Jdyin ii. H'Mh'o ii M^l .u£: i^
law TBiQ
• I • ' . '. J
I ^li' ,'. Mil
332 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. '^-'^
and if it should be defective, blame yourself. (Mind that I mentioned
no name to her), you say you are determined to be married as soon as
possible, and advise me to do the same. No, thank ye; I will consider
of it first. Many and great are the comforts of a single state, and neither
of the reasons you urge can have any influence with an inhabitant and a
young inhabitant too of Wms.burg. who told you that I reported you
was courting Miss Dandridge and Misi; Dangerfield? it might be worth
your while to ask whether they were in earnest or not so far was I from
it that I frequently bantered Miss J — y T — o about you, and told her how
feelingly you spoke of her. There is scarcely any thing now going on
here. You have heard I suppose that J. Page is courting Fanny Burwell.
W. Bland, and Betsy Yates are to be married thursday sinnight. The
Secretary's son is expected in shortly. Willis has left town intirely so
that your commands to him cannot be executed immediately, but those
to the ladies I shall do myself the pleasure of delivering tomorrow night
at the ball. Tom Randolph of Tuckahoe has a suit of Mecklenburg silk
which he offered me for a suit of broadcloth, tell him that if they can
be altered to fit me, I will be glad to take them on them terms, and if
they cannot, I make no doubt but I can dispose of them here to his ad-
vantage. Perhaps you will have room to bring them in your portman-
teau, or can contrive them down by some other opportunity. Let him
know this immediately. My headachs, my candle is just going out, and
my boy asleep, so must bid you adieu.
William Fleming to George Washington. .
Dear Sir,
This will be handed you by my friend Mr. William Claiborne junr. who
is at present a judge of the superior court of the state of Tennissee, and
w'ho aspires to the office of District judge in that state, where I spent
several days in a late tour through the western country. Mr. Claiborne
has much the respect and confidence of his fellow citizens in that quarter,
among whom he has been a very successful practitioner of the law for
several years; indeed his superior talents, great sobriety, and intense
application to business, distinguish him from the generality of young
gentlemen of his age; and I am persuaded, should he be so fortunate as
to succeed in his application you will never have cause to regret the
appointment.
I hope sir, you will pardon the trouble I have given you on this occasion;
and whilst the pen is yet in my hand, and you are about to retire to the
enjoyment of domestick tranquility, permit me to express my entire
approbation, and admiration of the wisdom, ability, and firmness with
which you have discharged the arduous duties of the most important
office in the United States, at a time when party prejudice, interested
views, and (perhaps) resentment for supposed injuries combined are ever
yni
GENEALGOY. ' 333
active in misrepresentations to the people, and in unremitting endeavours
to thwart a wise and just administration of one of the best governments
in the universe.
With the highest veneration for your publick and private virtues, and
most fervent prayers for your presents and future happiness, I have the
honor to be &c — .
Judge Fleming's portrait and that of his mother Mary (Boiling) Flem-
ing were in the possession of Mr. Wm. Fleming Eggleston, deceased,
Birmingham, Ala.
William and Elizabeth (Champe) Fleming had issue: 20. Son, died
young; 21. Lucy Champe, married Jan. 9, 1794, John Markham; 22. ;
23. Mary Boiling was married to Beverley Chew Stanard, of Spotsy-
lvania County on the 8th day of February 1799. She died at Summer-
ville, Chesterfield County, on 22d day of Jan. 1812. in the 34th year of
her age. {Family Bible).
(To be Continued) ... .
8£€
334 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
BOOK REVIEWS.
The Mastering of Mexico. Told After One of the Conquistadores and
various of his Inteq^reters. By Kate Stephens, author of "The
Greek Spirit," "Workfellows in Social Progression," etc. [Illus-
trated]. New York, The Macmillan Company. 1916, pp. XI, 335.
The descriptive printing on the "jacket" of the book does it an in-
justice as it would be inferred that, to some extent, it was a work of fiction
This is not the fact as it is a very readable condensed translation of the
narrative of Bemal Diaz del Castillo, the companion of Cortez. No
fiction is needed to enhance the thrilling interest of this account of the
conquest of Mexico by one who was an active participant. Its statements
are facts, yet it reads like some romance of almost incredible adventure.
Such a book would find a large audience at any time, but it comes at a
particularly apt moment.
The Great Revival in the West, 1797-1805. By Catharine C. Cleve-
land. University of Chicago Press 191G, pp. VI, 215.
We cannot do better in treating of this valuable book than use Dr.
Dodd's words in his introduction: "In this story of the Great Revival
in the West, Miss Cleveland has shown clearly the religious 'destitution'
of the frontier, the craving of men for excitement, and the effect of power-
ful emotional appeals upon the minds of simple folk far removed from the
main currents of contemporary civilization. The author certainly pre-
sents in the following pages, the best, and I believe, the only scientific
account of this important movement. The result is a distinct and posi-
tive contribution to our knowledge of the social and moral conditions of
primitive life in America."
This great revival, with its strange accompanying phenomena, and its
great effect on the spiritual condition and the morals and habits of the
people is well worth the attention of every student of American history.
A good bibliography adds to the value of the book.
Nation.'VLITY in Modern History, By J. Holland Rose, L. H. D., Fellow
of Christ's College, Cambridge [&c. &c.] New York. The Mac-
millan Company 191G, pp. XI, 202.
"The varied manifestations of nationality among the chief European
nations are studied in this book. The author, one of the ablest of mod-
ern historians, has supplied, in eft'ect, the background of the conflict in
V/>li, .|.
'i.tto
I. lbil_>.i <<■ ^.i!!! i^l
O' ' "* »J*'>'T>ni/
.•■ 11
,:, BOOK REVIEWS. 335
Europe, contributing largely to a clearer understanding of those factors
which made for war. Beginning with a discussion of the dawn of the
national idea, he takes up in turn the growth of that idea in France,
Germany, Spain, Italy and the Slavic Kingdoms, concluding with a con-
sideration of The German Theory of the State, Nationality and Mili-
tarism, Nationality since 1855 and Internationalism."
A History of the National Capital from its Foundation through the
Period of the Adoption of the Organic Act. By Wilhelmus Bo-
gart Bryan. Vol. II, 1S15-1S78. New York, The Macmillan Com-
pany 1916, pp. XVI, 707.
The second volume of this valuable work maintains the high standard
of the first.
Richmond College Historical Papers. Vol. I, No. 2, June 1916, Vir-
ginia Loyalists 1775-1783 and Essays on the Presidential Election
of 1850 in Virginia, Andrew Stevenson, and the Campaign of 1855
in Virginia and the Fall of the Know-Nothing Party with Important
Historical Documents. Edited by D. R. Anderson, Ph. D. Head
of the Department of History and Political Science. Published
annually. Price SI. 00. For copies address the Editor, Richmond
College, Va., Richmond, Va., 1910, pp. 182.
Richmond College (and it should be added, Randolph-Macon) is doing
a most valuable work in studying the Revolutionary and post Revolution-
ary history of Virginia. These studies were begun not long ago and have
already produced results of importance. In the present instalment the
papers, as they appear, are by John A. George, M. A., a young man of
marked talent whose death is much lamented; Margaret K. Monteteiro,
B. A.; Eugene N. Gardner, M. A., and Constance M. Gay, B. A. It is a
pleasant thing for believers in the higher education of women to see what
serious and scholarly work the young ladies of Westhampton College are
doing. At the end of the historical studies is published a collection of
petitions and letters to the Virginia Conventions and Legislatures 1775-
1783 asking redress for various grievances.
As has been said all the papers are valuable; but our space will admit
detailed notice, even brifly, of only one. Mr. George's paper on the
Virginia Loyalists 1775-83 presents the recent view of the subject in
opposition to that formerly held, as a mere matter of belief without
much investigation, that they were few in number. In his carefully
studied and very interesting paper the author certainly shows the pres-
ence of a considerable Loyalist element; but in such things numbers are
not all. One cannot help feeling that the large Loyalist element in Vir-
ginia (like some other historical discoveries) is a historian's party rather
than a real vital fact. Theoretically the Loyalists should have been
of considerable importance — really they mattered but little. There
were two classes of Loyalists whose position was creditable. People
ist
336 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
like Beverley, Corbin, Wormeley and some others had been educated at
English universities and had so many associations with England that it
was a bitter wrench to break the ties. Some of these men entered the
English army; but others, like Lord Falkland in the great Civil War, saw
so much reason on each side that it was difificult for them to support one
or the other. The other class composed of British merchants, factors
and clerks, were really not Virginians at all and were entirely right in
their support of the home government. The remainder of Loyalists
in the East were an obscure leader less mob, some of whom drifted from
side to side as fear actuated, and others were in gangs held together by
"cohesion of public plunder." The Tories of the West were equally
unimportant. It is absurd to suppose that a set of illiterate and half
barbarous mountaineers should be actuated by convictions on constitu-
tional matters or patriotic devotion to England. Like the Union men
in the mountains during our Civil War they were simply "agin' the gov-
ernment" which was nearest. They disliked the taxes and the draft
as their descendants did.
Reviews of Dr. H. J. Eckenrode's The Revolution in Virginia, and Col.
J. C. Wise's The Long Arm of Lee, are unavoidably postponed until the
next number.
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history and biography.
Vol. XXIV. October, 1916. No. 4
MINUTES OF THE COUNCIL AND GENERAL COURT
1622-1629*.
From the Originals in the Library of Congress.
(Continued.)
"All erasures in the originals are here printed in italics.
(187.)
John Parsons (1) swome and Examined sayeth y* Phillip
Kytely made an agreement w'th Zacharie Cripse, Edward
White and Mathew Hayman beinge then in [their] howse
& beinge w'th him to have for his labor a Share and to beare
the share of such provis'con as was brought into the howse.
Anthony West swome and examined sayeth y* he made an
agreement w'th Zacharie Crips, and Edward White, to have
(1) John Parsons, who came in the Mary gold, 1619, was living at the
Treasurers Plantation, James City, 1624-5. Philip Kithly, who came in
the Furtherance, 1622, was living at the same place 1624-5, as were Zach-
ary Cripps, who came in the Margaret and John, 1621, Edward White in the
Bona Nova, 1620, Mathew Hamon in the Southampton, 1622, and Anthony
West in the James, 1622. Planting on shares seems to have been common
at the time.
338 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
fyfteen hundred plants and after, he intending to goe for Eng-
land, he quitted that agreement, and after, purposing to stave
about planting tyme, Zacharie Crips promised to give the said
deponent content for his labor, and so he stayede and Con-
tynued in worke w'th him till the cropp was in. And further
sayeth y' after Mathew Hayman was dead Phillip Kyteley did
wish y^ divers t}Tnes/z(; had ?nore hayides to Zacharie Crips and
Edward White would gett more handes to help for\\'ard ye
Cropp.
Thomas Willson (2) swome and Examined sayeth y'' Phillip
Kyteley did often tymes wysh y' they hadd more handes to
help him onward w'th the cropp and y' after plantinge tyme
when Mr. Blaynies men were sick, ye said Kyteley spoke words
to y^ effect.
The Court doth order y' ye said Phillip Kyteley should have
but a sixt parte of ye Cropp, another beinge dew to Zacharie
Cripps, another to Edward White, another for Thomas Willson
who workinge abroade uppon his trade had three d'yes work for
two, Another for two men hired of Mr. Blayney, and a seasoned
man putt in their roome after they died, & another for Anthony
West. Consideringe also y^ the howse and ground belonged to
the said Zacharye Cripps and Edward White, They havinge
a shorte lease thereof.
(188.)
Nicholas Thompson (3) swome and Examined sayeth that
one frydye the second of December about eight of the clock at
night Zachary Cripps came to Mr Swifte beinge sent for by Mr
Swifte, And when Zacharie Cripps came into the room where
Mr Swifte laye, he asked Mr Swyft whether he did know him,
and Mr Swyfte answered I know you well enuff. Then Zach-
(2) Thomas Wilson, aged 27 in 1624-5, who came in the Abigaile, 1620,
was one of Dr. Potts' servants in 1625.
(3) Nicholas Thompson, who came in the George, 1621 was a servant
of George Sandys' 1624-5. "Mr. Swift" was living at "The Plantation
over against James City." in Feb. 1623. He was probably Ensign
James Swift, who was with the party wrecked on the Bermudas, which
reached Virginia in 1610. In 1620 he was with Dr. Bohun and others
granted land in Va. on condition of the transportation of 300 people to
the colony. Elias Long lived at West and Shirley Hundred Feb. 1623.
s\
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■ m.iil .wjiH '.^■iLr.^.i \:,'r.u.: '.-..,. '.r^.. -i. i-..4,i y^tAi ^hii-ii
MINUTES OF THE COUNCIL AND GENERAL COURT. 339
ary Cripps said to him Mr Swyftc you said the other d'ye y' you
would dispose of your Tobacco and other your goodes, and to
have it sent into England, w't is your will, and how doe you
intend to dispose therof now. To whom M'' Swyfte said, I will
have yourselfc and Edward White to take the charge therof
and to send my tobacco and w't shalbe made of my other goodes
into Englande to my Brother-in-law Robert Lee at Graves End
for the use of his children.
David Mansell Swome and Examined Sayeth he was sent
by Mr Swyfte for Zachary Cripps and was in place and hearde
Mr Swyfte saye the same words to Zachary Crij^ps as Nicholas
Thompson hath foiTnerly saide.
Elias Longe sworn and Examined sayeth y' he was in place
when Mr Swyfte spake the same wordes to Zacharie Cripps and
Nicholas Thompson and David Mansell fonnerly delivered.
The Courte doth order Zacharie Cripps and Edwarde White
shall have a letter of Administration wherby to Administer
Mr Swyfte's goodes.
(189.)
Capt. Marten alledgeth y' he hath paid Mr Rastell three
hundred and ff>'ftie pownde of Tobacco for w'ch he hath Mr
Rastell's receipt And two hundred more by Capt. Epps, and
fowr score by Mr Weston, And two hundred weight of Elizabeth
Jones w'ch was to goe for 1501 And two hundred weight of
Robert Thresher w'ch Capt Tucker accepted for payment.
Thomas Weston, merchant, swome and examined sayeth y'
IVIr Rastell desired him to make an agreement between him and
Capt. Martin and sayeth y* he drew them to an end, and y'
this deponent paid Mr Rastell 80 pownd of Tobacco for Capt.
Martin, And that Mr Rastell was contented to accept of 200 li.
of Tobacco y* Elizabeth Jones did owe to Capt. Martin, w'ch
200 li. Mr Rastell was to have for 150 li. in regarde he stode to
the Adventurers of the receavinge of ye same And for the rest
of Capt. Martin's Dept Mr Rastell was Contented to take Capt.
Martin's bond to pay him next Cropp, And y' Mr RasteU was
after willed by order from Capt. Martin to come and see ye
bond seald.
340 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
George Grave (4) and Elias I^onge do undertake that Robert
Wright shall appear before the Governor and Counsell of estate
at James Cyttie one Mondye fortnight next after Christmas
being the 14*'' of January to answere to the suit of Capt Wm
Tucker. _l j
(190.)
William ffoster swome and Examined sayeth, that he this
deponent demanded of Mr Nevell at Canada beinge abord the
Swann, wherfor IVIr Comishe was hunge, unto whom Nevell
answered he was hung for a rascally boye wrongfully, And that
he hath heard Mr Nevell say so divers tymes.
(191.)
A courte held the xix*** of December 1625 being present
S'r ffrancis Wyatt, Knight, Governor &c, Capt ffrancis West,
Capt. Smith, Capt. Mathews, Capt Hamor, Mr Abraham
Peersie, Mr William Cleybourne.
Y' is ordered y' a warrant be sent for Mr Wm Bentley to
(4) George Grave, who came in the Seaventure, his wife Elinor, who
came in the Susan, and their son Jolin, aged ten, were living at James
City 1624-5. Robert Wright, aged 45, who came in the Swan, 160S, and
Jane Wright, and two children bom in Virginia, were living at Anthony
Bonall's plantation 1624-5. So many of the early settlers of Virginia
died intestate after a short illness, that the administrations granted in
the Prerogative Court of Canterbury should give a good deal of informa-
tion in regard to them.
(5) William Bentley, aged 36, who came in the Jacob, 1624, was living
at Farrar Flinton's plantation 1624-5. In 1626 he owned 50 acres below
Blunt Point. On Dec. 1, 1624, he was granted, as his first dividend, 50
acres between Newport News and Blunt Point. He is described as "a
new planter who came over into this country at his own charges." He
was a Burgess for Nutmeg Quarter, October 1629. "Lieutenant Giles
Aldington of Kiccoughtan in the Corporation of Elizabeth City, gentle-
man, an ancient planter," was granted, as his first dividend, 100 acres
between Newport News and Blimt Point Dec. 1, 1624. He was a mem-
ber of the Va. Company in 1620, and probably was of the family of AUiug-
ton, of Horseheath, Cambridgeshire, in the name Giles was frequent
in that family. The Census of 1624-5 shows that the "Muster" of Farrar
(frequently spelt Pharaoh) Flinton at Elizabeth City, included himself
aged 36, who came in the Elizabeth, in 1612, Joane Flinton aged 38, who
came at the same time, Wm. Bently, and four servants. On Dec. 1, 1624,
as "Pharaoh Flinton, gentleman, an ancient planter," he was granted
150 acres between Newport News and Blunt Point.
23frr^;
MINUTES OF THE COUNCIL AND GENERAL COURT. 341
Testifie his knowledge between Mr Allington and Mr fflinton,
to be heere one mondye the 14"' of January now next ensewinge.
Robert Thresher swome and examined sayeth that, Thomas
North came over in ye shipp w'th Capt. Nuce, but that he is
ffree this deponent knoweth nott
Y* is ordered y*- Thomas North (6) shall serve owt his seven
yeeres Prentishipp, And then to have his ffreedome
Edward Baker swome and examined sayeth that he did
wame Arthur AveHnge to be at the Courte and handed him the
warrant, and sayeth that Mr Newman his m'r said he should
come upp, and his m'r did read the v/arrant to him.
Robert Saben swome and examined sayeth that one Thurs-
dayc last was sen 'night he caled to Richard Ewens and asked
him whether his man Arthur Avelinge should not goe upp to
James Cyttie to the Courte, and y' said Ewens answered and
said y'his man had no business to do there, And there deponent
replied why he is in the warrant, and Ewans answered I have
other business for him to Doe, he shall not goe upp, This de-
])onent again replyed you doc mean as you saye, w'ch Ewans
rej^lyed yes by my troth do I.
(192.)
Thomas Cripps [Crispe], gent., swome and Examined sayeth
that on Thursday mominge beinge the viii"' of December
Capt Tucker and his Sergent Richard Evans (7) were goinge
to Newports News to serve A warrant one Mr Weston and as
they were specking of the warrant Capt. Tucker told this de-
ponent that he must be at James Cyttie and told Rich. Evans
that Arthur Avelinge must be there also, and Evans made
Answere y* he could not, unles Mr Weston would give Se-
curitie to bringe him dowm againe
(G) Thomas North lived at Elizabeth City Feb. 1623,
(7) Richard Evans lived at Basses Choice Feb. 1623. His is another
name omitted from the Census of 1G24-5.
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\.'l(Ji)
342 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
John Weayne (8) swome and Examined sayeth y* one Thurs-
dye last was sennight Capt Tucker and his Sargent Evans were
goinge to Newports News, and beinge at this deponents howse,
Capt. Tucker told Evans that liis man Arthur Avelinge who
was there p'sent must be at James Cyttie at Court on Mondye
foUowinge, And Evans replied, y' he had been abourd Mr
Weston's shipp the d'ye before to demand securitie y' Mr West-
on should bringe downe Arthur Avehnge againe and y' Mr
Weston refused to give securitie and therefore he should not
goe upp. To w'ch Capt Tucker replied, that is no matter he
must goe upp, And charged ye said Arthur to goe upp.
Robert Saben sworn and Examined sayeth y* that Mr Weston
and Robert Newman were at this deponent's house, And Mr
Weston demanded of Mr Newman w't comodities he would
bringe from Canada, Mr Newman replied y* the choicest things
that he wotdd bringe should be two or three servants & asked
Mr Weston w't he must give for the transportinge 8 men from
Canada, Mr Weston said y* the said Newman must provide
the men him selfe and give xx li, for ye transport of 8 men and
find them provisions.
: (193.)
Thomas Cryspe, gent., by the oath he hath formerly taken,
sayeth y* Mr Newman demanded of Mr Weston at Canada
for to bringe A servant man to Virginia. Mr Weston replied,
he wolde bringe, none yf he wolde give him a hundred pounds
Mr Newman asked him why, And Mr Weston replied y' New-
man's mate was not able to keepe them but would star\'e them.
And ye said Mr Weston further said y' servants were sold theere
upp & downe like horses and therefore he held it not law^ull to
carie any
George Menefie, merchant, swome and examined sayeth
y* Mr Pountis at his departure for E ngland, appoynted this
(8) The Muster of John Waine at Elizabeth City 1624-5 included
himself, aged 30, who came in the Neptune, 1618, Amity e Waine, aged 30,
who came in the Swan, 1610, George Ackland, aged 7, and .Mary Ackland,
aged 4, born in Va. (probably her children by a former marriage] and
three other persons.
(mi)
.u:i.~'. i. ju
MINUTES OF THE COUNCIL AND GENERAL COURT. 343
deponent and Mr Blaynie to sattisfie Mr Sandys about a dept
w'ch Mr Pountis was indepted for Southamj^ton Hundred, and
y'' A dept of 322 li. Tobacco dew to Mr Langley was rebated to
Mr Sandys.
Capt. Raphe Hamor, Esquire, Counsellor of State, affirmeth
y'' when it was ordered in Court y' Mr Pountis should pay Mr
David Sandys 2000 weight of Tobacco for Southampton hund-
red, That then Mr Pountis alleged y^ Mr Sandys did owe to Mr
Pountis b}^ a debt of Mr Langley's to whom he was executor
300 weight or therabouts of Tobacco w'ch Tobacco Mr Sandys
did accept of as p'te of y' 2000 weight of Tobacco w'ch Mr
Pountis should have paide him, and at ye same tyme Mr Sandys
demanded a xxii s. peice [?] for a sermon at ye buriall of Mr
Langley (9), And Mr Pountis answered he would allow him
such Tobacco as should valewe ye peece, but Mr Sandys wold
not accept therof but wold have a peece of xxii s.
(194.)
Edward Barker swome and examined Sayeth that ye Swan
was maide at Dambrells Cove in Canada, where she laye safe
and owt of danger. And after beinge left in charge w'th Mr
Nevell he removed her awaye to A stage head where she hung
and tooke hurte and w'thin 2 or 3 d'yes after she became leaky.
Robert Newman swome and examined Testified in open
Court y' the Certificate under the m'rs handes & his owne
WTitten at Canada is A trew Certificate.
It is ordered y' Mr Weston shall pay to Mr Crispe for the
damage of his Tobacco five hundred and three score pounds
weight of good merchantable Tobacco, And Mr Crispe not to
pay for his Transporte from Canada to Virginia.
Y' is ordered y' Mr Weston shall pay to Mr Crispe w'thin
these fowerteene d'yes xxx li. in money. And fowerteen pound
of good sweete and holesome English byskett or els to deliver
the green ginger to Mr Crispe and xxx li. in money.
(.9) "Mr. Langley out of the Margarett and John," died between Apri 1
1622 and Feb. 1623.
(.m.)
344 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
Nicholas Roe sworn and Examined saycth y* when Mr Nevell
did move the shipp shee lay agrounde at A low water.
Y' is ordered y' Mr Nevell shall pay the one half of the
damages done to Mr Crispc, Vizt; three hundred and thirtie
pounde weight of Tobacco., W'ch Tobacco shalbe paid by
Mr Weston and Mr Nevell by the xx^'' d'ye of January at James
Cittie, And Mr Weston to can-ye it to Kickotan gratis for Mr
Crispe.
^:r- -;V.. • ; (195.)
Y' is ordered y* Nicholas Roe shall quietly enioye Those two
men he now hath for his wages and the Business & Covenant
granted [?] between Mr Weston and him.
° Y' is ordered y* Mr Weston shall satisfie Robert Thresher
for Accordinge to the former order of the vi'*^ d'ye of January
next ensuing.
Thomas Crispe, gent., by the oath he hath formerly taken
afhrmeth y' Jefferey Cornishe did say y' Edward Nevell should
tell him y* his brother suffered death wrongfully, and the said
Thomas Crispe wyshed the said JeiTery Cornishe to take hcede
w't he saide for sure the Governor would do no wronge or in-
iustice to any man, for y' he shalbe anserable for w't he doth.
Thei-uppon the said Jcffcry Coniishe did vow y' he would be
the death of the Governor yf ever he came for England.
Y' is ordered y' a warrant be sent for Richard Evans and
Arthvir Avelinge to appeare here at James Cyttie one mondye
next come sennight.
(196.)
Whcras the" Company under their scale did grante assign and
sett over unto the Governor the whole term of yeers w'ch xx
Tenants and xii boys, were by theire severall Covenants to
serve, and in and by the saide Comistione it may Appear, Vv-'ch
grant & Assignment was after confirmed under the handes of
the Lordcs of his Maties most hon'all prince Cornwcll, The
Courtc doth Conceave it to be righte .^ equilic that the Gov-
ernor should enioy the said grant & assignment According to
(Ml)
MINUTES OF THE COUNCIL AND GENERAL COURT. 345
the trew intent & meaning therof, And dyspose of the said
Tenants and boys to his best advantage & benefitt.
Uppon the request of Capt. Samuell Mathewes ye Counsel
hath assented he shall have leave to take upp his Divident of
lande at Blunt poynt when he is already seated.
Lawrence Poole swome and examined the xxx^^ d'ye of
December 1625 by the Right worp'll S'r ffrancis Wyatt, Knight,
Governor &c, sayeth y' about August last past was three ycere
Robert Leyter Cominge downe from James Cyttie, This de-
ponent hard the said Leyter saye y' Capt. Tucker had given him
very harsh wordes w'ch grie\^ed him very much and said y* he
would be revenged of Capt. Tucker yf he lived.
(197.)
A courte held the third day of January 1G25, being present
S'r ffrancis Wyatt, Knight, Governor &c, Ciipt. ffrancis West,
Capt. Roger Smith, Capt. Raphe Hamor, Mr Abraham Peirsie,
Mr Wm Cley bourne.
Clement Dilke (10), gent., swome and examined sayeth, that
uppon the weighing over of my La. Yeardley's Tobacco at
Hog Islande he founde the Tobacco to be Cx)ntrary to my lady's
Com 'and and directions given to Maximilian Stone (11) for y'
it was mixed the most p'te w'th ill condicioned leaves, soe y* as
this deponent conceaves she had been better to have lost four
or five hundred weight of Tobacco, for it was so mixed ye good
and bad together, And said this deponent Thinkelh y' she had
Transix>rLed the said Tobacco for England soe condicioned it
would have been a \^ery great loss and preiudice to her in the
sale therof and further sayeth y'' uppon the weighinge and re-
ceaving the Tobacco w''='' Mr William Peirce understood
that this deponent meant to inform m}' La. of the truth in w't
Condicion he found it the said Stone desired this deponent to
make the best of it t o my La. to whom this deponent did answere,
(10) Clement Dilke and Mrs. Dilke were living at James City Feb.
1623, but are omitted in the Census of 1024-5. vSee note on him th.^'
Magazine I, 443.
(11) In 1624-5, Maxmilian Stone, aged 30, whocame in the Temperance,
1620, appears at the head of the list of "Sir George Yeardly's men" at
Hog Island. Elizabelli his wife, who eame in the same ship, and Max-
imilian his son, aged 9 months, are also in the list.
a^s
OllJ Xiv
,i<n r^.'w iti
346 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ,j,j ;
y' he would neither make it better or worse, but would inform
her trewly how he found it.
Lieut. Peppet (12) swonie & examined affirmeth as much as
Mr Delke hath said, save in the late clause y' Maximilian
Stone requested Mr Delke to make the best of itt to my La.
w'ch he heard nott.
' ' ■ (198.)
Y' is ordered y' Maximilian Stone shall loose the hundred
and fyfteen pound of Tobacco dew to him by his Covenants
• and shall serve my La. Yardley as her sen'ant untill the last
d'ye of ffebniary now next ensewinge.
''' Mrs. Isabel Perry swome and examined sayeth that Mr
' ' Robert Langley having been longe sick in her howse and think-
inge himself somewhat recovered, intended to goe downe to
Kickotan, but went no further than Hog Island, and cominge
back againe found himself very sicke and came to this deix)nent's
*> ■ howse where he found himself very sick, And told this deponent
that he did exjject to make Mr Pountis and this deponent's hus-
band overseers of his estate, but said he Avould do nothinge till
his fitt was past, and in that fitt he dyed, makinge no other
order in his concerns, And this deponent was by him from that
tyme to the tj^me of his death.
Wheras Mr Robert Tokeles [f] by his letter of attorney as
Administrator to Mr Robert Langley, hath given Authoritie
to Mr Abraham Pearsie to Receive [ ?] upp all such depts as are
dew to the said Robert Langley in this Country of Virginia,
But the said Robert Tokeles hath not sent over any testimony
or proff to this Country that letters of Administration of ye
said Robert Langley 's goodes were granted to him in England,
The Courte doth require the said Robert Tokeley to send over
(12) Gilbert Peppelt lived at Flowerdew Hundred Feb. 1G23, and
owned 50 acres at Blunt Point in 1G2(3. On Aug. 18, 1627, he was granted
250 acres on the south side of Warnock River, 50 acres of which was in
right of his wife Alice who came in the Jonathan, in 1020 "for whose pas-
sage Sir George Yeardley is satisfied," and 50 for Richard Evans (see
above) who came from Newfoundland in the Temperance in 1G19. Pep-
pett was a member of the convention held in 1G25. He does not ap-
pear in the Census.
her
MINUTES OF THE COUNCIL AND GENERAL COURT. 347
Testimony therof, And in the mean tyme do order that the
deptors of the said Robert Langley do putt in Sufficient se-
curitie to Mr Abrahan:i Persie for ye sattisfaction of those depts
to the right Administrator of the said Robert Langley ^^•hen
sufficient proof shalbc brought into the Courte.
(197.)
Wheras Mattahias Fenton (13) died intestate and his goodes
being praysed Amounted to five score pownde of Tobacco, And
there beinge two billes of dept p'duced in Cotirte, the one for
265 pound of Tobacco and the other for fortie two pound e of
Tobacco, y' is ordered y' Mr Emersone shall pay to Mr Steph-
ens [?] 60 li., And to Capt. West 20 li. And that there havinge
been noe other bills of dept produced in Court and no more of
Mr ffienton's left to pay any depts y'' Mr Emersone shall nor
any other shalbe further troubled for any of his depts in re-
spect of his goods left behinde him, but be sattisfied as they
may by his freendes in England.
William Carter swome and examined sayeth that he did
hold the breech of the Peece ^^'hilst John Jeffersone (14) did
cutt it and lenthen it, and further sayeth that John Jefferson
did carry the peece so mended home to Ca])t. vSmith's howse.
Rychard Allforde swome and examined sayeth that John
Jeffersone him selfe did bringe the peece home to Capt Smith's
howse, y' did hurte Henry Booth, and deliver ye peece to ye
hands of this de]3onent (see Johnson's oath).
Y' is ordered y* John Jefferson shall pay Doctor Pott for the
cominge of Henry Booth's Eye, And to give the said Henry
Booth sixteen pound weight of good merchantable Tobacco
towards his mayne't, The Court doth ye rather mittigate ye
Crime because ye strive [?j in ye peece in the barrel was faultie,
and him self being a poore man and A Tenant to the Company
(13) Probably the "Mr. Fenton, minister," who was buried at Eliza-
beth City, Sept. 5, 1624.
(14) Whether John Jefferson, the blacksmith, left descendants is not
known. The other John Jefferson, London merchant, was probably not
at this time in the colony.
TK
,bitBi]
348 . VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ' ;.; ; ^
[200.]
Y4s ordered y » the Prentises sent over at the Cytties( 15) charges
shall Accordmge to the condicions sent over by the Company
(Vidlt) for the Tearme of seaven years or more so as theire
apprentishipp may expier at their severall ages of xxi yeares or
uppwards, And after their app'tship is passed, To serve seven
yeares more as Tenants for halfes, The Company furnishing
them w'th such things as their Agreement w'th the Cyttie was
Richard Evans swome and examined sayeth y^ he did wame
Wm. Geney the xxvi^*^ of December 1621 [5?] eyther to agree
w'th Capt. Tucker for a Dept dew to Mr Rastell, or else to
appear at James Cyttie the next Courte D'ye Following, to w'ch
Mr Geney made this deponent Answere y' he would eyther
agree w'th Capt Tucker or-els appear at James Cyttie accord-
inge to the d'ye of waminge.
Y* is ordered y' a Spec3\ill warrant be sent for Wm Geney
to Appeare at James Cyttie one mondy cum fortnight beinge
ye xxiii*'^ d'ye of January there to answere his contempt, as to
answer to Capt Tucker's suite
Y^ is ordered y* yf Mr Humphrey Rastell come nott in by the
last of this month, to deliver Capt Bass a boye that this Capt
Tucker shall pay to Capt Bass or his assigne five hundred jx^wnd
weight of good merchantable Tobacco owt of Mr Rastell's
goods yf Capt Tucker ca n recove r upp so much depts.
[20L]
Capt Tucker sworne and examined sayeth that Mr Rastell
did acknowledge to owe to Capt Bass Fyfteen bushells of Come
or therabouts, ye w'ch ye said Rastell prayed tliis Deponent
to p'cure for Capt. Bass either in Come or other P'viz'one.
Y^ is ordered y* in regarde of the loss and hindrance Capt.
Bass sustayned by want of his Come, That IMr Rastell or Capt.
Tucker for him of his goodes shall pay Capt. Bass one hundred
and twelve pownd of ye best merchantable Tobacco.
Y* is ordered y^ Capt Tucker shall pay Thomas Jones for the
dept of Mr Rastell one hundred and f >-ftie pounds weight of the
best merchantable Tobacco, or furnish such good Com'odities
as it shall come unto. ^ ^
^15) On UecT 28, 1619, the Common Council of London agreed in
response to a petition of the Virginia Company, to send 100 more children
to Virginia.
m-
n->
V:
o*
U-ylr-^. ,!/ %; f: ^-
'"1
.:..:: J
291
)1 10 .t
ai
MINUTES OP THE COUNCIL AND GENERAL COURT.
349
Anthony BuiTows,(lG)gent, swome and examined Sayeth that
when Capt. Tucker came aboarde the Fleeinge harte he found
John Geney aboarde the shipp Contrary to the Governor's
express com'ands And Capt Tucker Chided him for his soe
doinge, And Tucker sentenced [?] servant [r] to by neck and
heeles for his offence, And when Capt. Tucker was gone the
said Geney said that Capt. Tucker would be the death of him
as he was of Robert Leyster.
George Thompson swome and examined sayeth, That he
heard John Gqney say that Capt Tucker by some woordes he
used was the death of Robt Leyster and that the said Glyney
said he would certifie it before the Governor & Counsell.
(16) At the Census of 1624-5, Anthony Burrows, aged 44, who came
in the George, in 1617, lived at Elizabeth City. He owned land near
Blunt Point in 162S. The ship referred to, the Flying Hart, of Flushing,
made frequent voyages to Virginia.
(To be continued)
350 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
LETTERS OF WILLIAM BYRD, FIRST.
(From his letter book in the Collection of the Virginia Historical
Society)
'"'_ . '■ ' " (Continued) ' '" ' '■'•'•
'; " ■ To Mr. Gower.
. . Virg'a. March y^ 3PM685
S^ ■..'.-•. ^:.,
Yours of the 8"' of August last come Safe to my Hands,
though y'' poor Gen* that was to bring itt, dyed att Sea the
10^'' of Sb"" much lamented by all his friends, y'^ Old Gentle-
woman Seemed mighty disconsolate Some short time, however
was marry 'd again abt y'' latter End of Jan'ry & is now mighty
earnest to gett all y'^ Estate injto Ijer hands, & I daily expc<;t a
Writt against Cap* Randolph & my Selfe (Ex" here) for her
bond of 1900 1. w^'' I fear will in a manner carry away all the
Estate here.
I am Sorry I could recieve but one letter from you this year,
but hope to hear oftner hereafter. I retume you hearty thanks
for your token, w*'' w^*' wee remembred all your Good healths
& shall Suddenly Send you Some Small retume. My wife &
Girls are well, & y*^ biggest (Ursula (1) ) comes herewith. My
wife Salutes you, Pray give my Sei-vice to all where its due, &
accept the Same most heartily from ' ' ' '
Yo"" oblidged friend & Servant
Wm. Byrd
Pray Send mee Some Savoy
Cabbage Seed • ...
To m' Gower ^ Culpeper
(1) Ursula Byrd, known in her family (doubtless from her complec-
tion) as "Little Nutty" was bom about 1681. She returned to Virginia,
married Robert Beverley, the historian, and died before she was seven-
teen, leaving one child, William Beverley, afterwards of "Blandfield."
Her tomb with Byrd and Beverley arms impaled, was formerly at James-
town. See this Magazine XII, 317, for copy of epitaph, and a drawing
of part of the tomb containing the arms.
,1/5^
H HI iirw I'
ifUS/IO''^
•cl
•WWo *oY
X<M
*
■)A
; 1 1 1. ' u .1
I - n' ;; '
Letters of William Byrd. First, ,»■• 351
To
Virg'a. March y*^ 29"' 1685.
Gen'
This Serves to accompany Cap* Bradly with Sixty one H'*^
of Tobacco & 6 of Skins, w'*' I hope will come Safe to hand.
Since my last, I reC' your acco* via Maryland, truely I belie\'e
y^ Wm & Mary a very hard pen>'worth, I wish shee gets well
home, for shee is a very dull Sailer by all report. I am Sorry
the losse of Sugars keeps mee So far behind hand, & Hall comeing
in So late, y" Tob'o was generally bought up, before his arriveall,
that I fear I shall make a bad x x [illegible] of it this year, hope
shall Send enough to clear all [illegible] I have sent for. I have
rec'd great complaints of m}'- DufTeilds, the colour is too light,
a Darker blew pleases better plentifuUy Supplyed & if I
have not as good [illegible] not expect to Sell them to any Ad-
vantage, [illegible] oiler'* for Tob'o next year, & y<^ planter
(if [illegible]) a great Crop, & hath prepared accordingly.
Paggens concern [illegible] certain intelligence of a negro ship
w'^^ will be here by [illegible] of May, if no extrorardinary acci-
dent inten'cne, they offer for the trade. I believe To-
bacco may doc well another year, but am Sure, they that are not
early Supplyed here, can expect little, & I am halfe out of heart
with Hall, to expect liim a first ship, unlesse he comes out a
month or two before any other. M"" Brain (who hath marry 'd
M'^ Grendon) pretends great matters though I cannot conceive
w*^ incouragement they have found this year, comeing into the
Country in Sep^ w*"^ 30 Servants & 1000 or 12001. worth of Goods,
& could not (notwithstanding they tooke 100 H'*'' fraight) dis-
patch a Small ship of ab* 350 or 360 H'*^ If your designe by
barbados fails, wee shall bee fouly disappointed for without
Sen^ants or slaves, no great crop is now to bee purchased, by
Cap* Morgan (w^ho designs to Saile with or before this) I shall
Send my Invoice, & by him write whats farther necessary. I
hope to hear from you by all oppertunitys, & shall not trouble
you farther at present but with my best respects & Service take
leave
Gen*
I have charged a bill of Ex^'* on yo Yo'' reall iv^ 8c Serv*
to Cap* Bradly for 8 1 10s St'g w<='' W B
please to pay accordingly
iU
■J on'i icl •rVBo
^yU
rxa ju ri
..:>
352 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL xMAGAZINE.
To Mr North
, ..•,,:,.. I . , ,, . y-j-g..^ March y^ 29'^ 1685.
M}' last to 3'-ou by Hall, by whom I sent an Invoice for my
Indian trade, w'^'' I hope may come in timely to Satisfaction
this onely Ser\^es to Salute you & our friends l^y Bradly I shall
. . write more largely by Ruds who Sails w*-'' or before this, by
,' whom have Sent you ab* 89 H^' Tob'o & Six of furres, as allso
my Invoice for English Goods; I had no occasion for those Guns
m'' Dyose Sent mee, they now ly by & I have writ him word that
if hee will take (P') cost for them (w;'' is 51. 15s) I would desire
you to pay him, otherwise shall deliver them to his Order. Yo''
DufTeilds much complain 'd of both y'' goodnesse & color a
darker blew pleases the Indians best. Cap*' Bradly tells mee
hee expects his ship will bee Sold when hee comes home, & y'
"X hee may buy her & Sett her out to Sea under 10001. St'g. If
So I promised him if you would come in (& mony will hold out)
to hold T8, Cap*^ Randolph & Some others here have promised
the like; I looke on him to bee an industrious & succesfull man
& imagine it can bee no hard bargain if (as hee Saith) y^ ship
bee well found ; Pray remember mee to all our friends & accept
of mine & my wives best respects & Service to yo'"selfe & Lady
from '■'!.'
' S^
Yo' friend & Serv*
W B , . , .
Yo'' blew plains were y best onely Something too dear
To m' North ^ Bradly
^ . To Charles Dyose
Virginia Aprill y^ P* 1685.
S' '■■ ■'•■■,
Yo" by Cap* Bradly came to my Hands w*'' Eight Guns (as
I suppose) in a Case not yett open'd, I have at this time about
'3
Letters op William Bvrd, First. 353
100 of my owne, & cannot expect to Sell them this year, I have
offcr'd y'm to m^ Harrison on your Acco« but hce told mee hee
had no occasion for y'm nor an}' Order ab^ them, the Countr>'
at this time is much over Stocked with tradeing Goods, of all
Sorts. I am Sorry I could not Sen'e 3'Ou in this; if you will take
y' V cost (w:'' is 5. 15) for y'm, I will write to m^ North to pay
it you, othenvise order whom you please to receive them, & they
shall bee deliver^^; My best respects & Service to your selfe ^'
Lady from
Yo"" friend & Serv^
To m' Charls Dyose \y b
To
, 'j'^^
Virg'a P'o Aprill IttS5
I wrote to you 2 days Since p^ Bradly who is not yet gone,
this will (I hope) come Safe to your Hands, by Cap^ Ruddes
w"' 8 H'l' of Tob'o & 6 of furres & skins. I have now allso
Sent my Invoice for English Goods, & I fear drawne it a little
too largely, but if mony will not hold out you may abate Some-
things for I doe not care to bee in debt. Pray Send my Goods
in a first Ship but not where m" Perry & Lane ship my other
Cargo. If the Booth will take them Send by her. My Little
Daughter Ursula comes in the Culpeper pray if shee wants
anytliing lett her bee Supplyed. I shall not doubt yo^ kindnesse.
I suppose my father Horsmonden (2) will take care for her w'n
hee hears of her Arriveall. Cap* Rudds is now with mee &
tells mee hee hath but 83 h^^ of Tobacco on board, though there
?^_ 84 mention^ in my Invoice, (his men as hee Saith) haveing
• ^"? ''Father Horsmanden,'"' was'Warham HorTsmandcn, who h^^em-
igrated to Virginia during the Civil Wars an.l had been a member of the
House of Burgesses and Council. He returned to England at the Restora-
tion and lived first at Lenham, Kent., and later at Purleigh, Essex where
he was patron of the rectory. He was son of Rev. Daniel Horsmanden,
Rector of Llcombe, Kent and his wife Ur.sula, daughter of Sir Warham
St I^eger. of Ulcombe He d>cd in 1691. aged 04. His son Daniel (the
,Sn t""' ^''"''''^ °^ ^}'^ ^y""^ letters), M. A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford
1070, became rector of Purleigh 16S0. See this Magazine XV 314-317'
[i 7
,T.'t>I
13
a
J <(0 f :
354 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. '*"
left one behind. However hee promiseth if the H*^" bee foun :
on board, itt shall bee deliver'^ you. I guesse it may bee No
299 but am not certain; I shall not trouble you faither att
present, but vvdth best respects & Service to yC selfe, Lady &
all our friends, take leave
S^
Yo' friend & Servant
• Wm B
To M p Ruds ^
•' . , To
Virg'a Aprill the first 1685.
Gen« . ^ "
I wrote to you 2 days Since p'' Cap^ Bradly, w"'' I hope w*^
w' Goods I sent will come Safe to Hand, as allso this p the
Culpeper w"" the Tobacco & fun'es as p bill of Ladeing & invoice
inclosed, allso a little daughter of mine (w"' her maid) who is
designed to my father Horsmonden in Essex. I hope you'l
please to bee kind to y° Child, & assist her on her way. In-
closed is my invoice for Goods which I hope may come in timely.
Cap' Morgan is now with m.ce & tells mee hee cannot give mee
bills, yett not knowing whether all is on board or not I suppose
there is no mistake, & if I have not opertunity m*" P' Perry
will Send you a bill of Ladeing. If you could help mee to a
likely Youth that might bee tmsty, & was capable of buisinesse,
it would doe mee a Kindnesse, hee should bee put to no hard
worke, his chief buisinesse would bee in the Store, the boy I
have now is allmost free & I cannot bee without one. I hope
you will bee carefuU in my Indian Tioicke y'' nothing bee want-
ing, but Buffeilds, Cottons & plains to bee good in their kinds
& of a Darker blew then formerly, there is on board this ship
5 H''* of Tob'o (as p inclosed invoice) ship'' by order of m' P'
Perry for a Servant boy (belonging to y'= Wm & Mary) Sold to
John Willson. By Cap* Tibbets you shall hear farther My
best respects & Service to all where Due & please to accept
the Same your selves from
Gen' • ■■■ ' • '
Yo' reall frd & Serv'
W B
ebuH q M oT
oT
tSdi itnh 9rfi JCnqA /j'^iiV
•rtf*0
ivis
Letters of William Byrd, First. 355
My humble Service to my Lady Berkeley (3) if not come away.
If my Datitrhter wants an^ahing lett her bee Supplyed.
To
Virg'a Ap'll y^ 1"' 1685 ,.
Dear S^
I am Sorry I was So imhappy as to receive but one letter from
you this year & that gave mee an ace* you were indisposed, &
truely I should liave fear'' youj- liealth, had not m'' North, often
writt mee word all our friends were Well of w'm you Ime Sure
ever deservedly hath y first place in ray thoughts, & truely if
kindnesse to any one in a Suj^erlative degree bee a demonstra-
tion of friendship, I have ever found it from you beyond ex-
pression, Vv'''*' I shall never bee able Sufficiently to acknowledge.
I am Son-y our poor friend that should have brought yo"" letf
dyed att Sea, So vintimely before hee had past y° meridian of his
age, the good old wom : (that shee might loose no time) marry^
again in Jan'ry to a Stranger, wee lately dranke your token
att Cap* Randolphs amongst a great deale of good company
& retunie our hearty thanlcs for the Sa,me. We dranke all yo''
Good healths & designe you shall hear farther from us Suddenly.
I have a little daughter comes home in this ship & have no
reason in the least to Suspect yo'' kindnesse to her, nor Assistance
one her way into Essex. Pray present Cap* Morgan w'^ a
p* of plate ab* 6 or 1.7 price. My best respects & Service to all
where due, & in a more p'ticular manner to yo'' selfe & Lady
from
^ ,,. D' S^
Yo^ Oblidged fr^^ & Serv* ;-.,..,
^ Vf B
(3) "My Lady Berkeley," widow of Sir William. It is probable that
not long after her return to Virginia she married Col. Pliillipp Ludweli,
of "Rich Neck." She was a Kentish Culpeper (a first cousin, it seems
to Governor Lord Culpeper) and was probably related to Byrd's wife.
On Oct. 5, 1G80, Lord Culpeper wrote to his sister in England "My Lady
Berkeley is married to Mr. LudwcU and thinkes no more of our world."
.^fter the English fashion she retained her higher title, and at Jamestown
a fragment of stone with the letters "Frances, La." is all that rt-malns
of her tomb
ids
.>ii 10 J. .1 ^y, vcfct£ii(
'■^ i/j i-'jiiiwiltt
ilii 1)107/ -^m 1.'/
iH^t t'.tit ,0
356 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
To Daniel Horsmonden
Virginia June y'^ 5*'' 1685
Dear Bro.
Least you should have just occasion to blame mee, for not
giveing you an acco' of our Condition here, I send this to ac-
quaint you of our wellfare, though allmost x x x x ab'' 5 weeks
Since, by a mighty fiood w"'' came v/'*" great Violence do\N'ne
the river & raised it upward of 20 foot above y*" common, &
hath done mee & my neighbo" much damage. My wife is fair
for another little one; little Molly is well, & I hope little Nutty
by this is well with you. Cap* Randolph, m'^ Banister in
health & give you their best respects &: Sei^vice. Pray give
mine to all our friends & my blessing to my Child'n and accept
of my most unstained love & Service yo*" selfe from
Yo'' loveing bro & Serv'
W B
To Bro. Dan'll
To
Virg'a June 6*^ 1685
Gen*
Since my last I reC' one from you via Barbados, w^ keeps us
still in hopes of the Pinke, you fonncrly menconed : & wee now
daily expect if it should faile twould bee an unhappy dis-appoint-
ment haveing neglected all other ways of Supplying our Selves
w*^ those commodityes. the 26 Sz 27"" of Ap'U last here a
mighty fresh came downe this river, itt rise ab' 3 foot higher
then ever any knowne before, cany'd away all our fences, de-
stroy'd all our Tob'o plants, w**' much more mischief. Since
which hath been such a drought, that I feel wee (hereabouts)
shall Scarce make any Come or Tob'o either: I hope what
Goods Sent you by Hall, Bradly Sc Culpeper got Safe, this by
Cap' Tibbet w"' x x x x H*^^ of Tob'o & five of fuiTes I hope will
doe the like. Should have been glad by my last to have had
our Acco' of y*^ market of furres & as well as others, but its
possible was forgotten: Pray Send some better paper p next,
.,\nt\OkH J
dd&
VI?
' T
ra
tt W
- c,T
mn qT
W(3
Letters of William Byrd, First. 357
for this is not fitt for vvriteing as you ma}' easily perceive. I
have Sent iDy Cap' Tibl^et a patteme of a Saw for a Saw mill
& would desire you to Send mee a do of Saws according to that
paterae, onely would have them G inches Longer, the Bever Sent
herewith (I thinkc) is generally good though a great part of it
hath been Wctt w'^'^' makes it show rough, yett being well dryed
I conceive its nere the worse, w' y'' Tob'o is I know not but
Col'o Powell promised it should bee as good as their parts did
afford. I shall not trouble you farther at psent, but w^'' re-
s])( cts & Service take Leave
Gen<
Yo^ fr^ & Serv'
W B
To Rand(4) '
Virg'a June 8"' 1685
Dear S'
I wrote to you last by the Culpeper by whom I sent my little
daughter Nutty & hope ere this is Safely arrived, my wile is
fair for another, because shec will not bee behind her Sister;
ab' the latter end of Aprill here hapen'd the greatest flood was
ever knowne, ore floweing all our Lands came into my dwelling
house (5), & did us infinite mischief, should bee glad to hear
(4) This "Brother" Rand, appears to have married a Horsmanden, a
sister of Mrs. Byrd. This conjecture is confirmed by some entries
in a Purleigh register. Susanna, daughter of Daniel Horsmanden had
in 1G91 for one of her godfathers "Nordest Rand Esq.," while in 1692,
line of the sponsors for Ursula, another daughter, was "Mrs. Ursula Rand,
her aunt."
(5) Byrd's dwelling house into which the Hood came could not, of
course, have been on the present Belvidere Street or anywhere else on Ore-
gon Hill in Richmond. The residence on this height must have been built
later. Probably this freshet induced the removal to the hill. This
reference seems to render it very, unlikely that William Byrd, the founder
of Richmond, who was bom in 1674, had as his birthplace either of the
known sites on the hill. It is more probable that he was bom at this
house accessible to the water, near the river bank. Thomas Stegg from
whom the elder Byrd inherited much land near the Falls of James River
had a stone house in the low grounds on the south side of the river oppo-
site the present Chesapeake Sc Ohio wharves. This may have been
Bvrd's residence in UiSO.
T
a w
5^1 "^g snul *'«iiV
•8 leaO
riaiaiR 7m{ bm
358 VIRGINIA Historical magazine.
oftner from you, how all our friends doe, & what news, of w^''
you have often the Speediest way of Sending the ships Some-
times lyeing long att Deale. All friends here in he^ilth & p.ivo
you their Service. Pray give mine v/here due; especially to
Sister Betty, Dudly, m"" Knowlcs, & most unfeigned to yo"^
selfe & Lady from
Dear S'
Yo"" affectionate Bro. & Sei'v'
W B
To Bro. Rand
To Mr Gower
Virg'a June 8'"^ 1685 ,
S-^
I wrote to you formeily by the Culpepcr & gave you then an
acco* of the losse of our good friend Coz Grendon, I hope his
Estate in England will Satisfy his ingagements there for here
will not bee any thing to bee had, the old Gentlev/o. ha\'cing a
very firme bond for 1900 1. St'g. w"^^'^ Vv'ill talce preheminence Sc
Sweep av;ay all the Virg'a Estate, I wish wee could have served
our friends that way. Wee dranke your health memly \v'''
yo"" token, & by Col'o Hill have Sent a retume. Yo"" Bro.^o)
& all y° friends here in health, onely allm^ost drowned lately
by a mighty flood w'^^ raised our river upward of 20 foot above
an Ordinary tide. Pray give my best respects to all our friends
at Edmonton, & where else you know its due, & accept the Same
yo"" selfe, w^'' hearty thanlcs for all yo"" favo"^^ from
Yo"^ reall fr*^ & Servant
W B
To m'' Gower
,. To P
, Virg'a Nob^y^S^^' 1685
Gen*
This Serves oncly to cover the iriclosed bill of Ladeing & In-
voice, hope to have time to inlarge, if I can gett a convcniency
to Send m.v letters downe
Yo' fr-i & Serv*
To P p Wy ii W B ^_
(G) "Your brother" was Alel Cower ol Henrico County, in regard
to whom see this magazine XVII, 400, 401. The person addressed was
Thomas Cower, of Edmonton, England.
'T VC!
"■•v/ .^(y^ A
a w
Letteks op William Byrd, First. 359
To Mr North ' . ' ' '
Virg'a Nob^ y« S'^ 1685 ■
S'
This Serves onely to cover the inclosed Invoice & bill of
Ladeing for 20 I-P' of Tobacco, this ship saileing sooner then
expected have not time to adde any thing but respects to all
our friends from
Yo' fr'* & Serv' - '
W B ■
To m' North p y«= Booth
To
Virg'a Xb^ y'' 8"' 1685
Gen*
Its about three weeks since I wrote to you by Wynne who
(I hope) is, by this prety well on his Voyage. Last weeke I
hear the Booth Sail*^, I had not notice thereof So could n
write. I hope this p Hall will not bee long after, herewith I
have Sent 36 h^^ Tob'o & foiu' of furs & Skins, w'^'' Cap' Hall
would not let mee put on board w^^ out leaving 4 H^^ of Tob'o
of y® 80 hce promised mee though hee could fetch Tob'o from
m'' Cainfields. Its possible hee may bee glad of them another
year. Yo"" Goods sent p him I hope prove well, I hear few com-
plaints as yet, for Indian Goods none as yet Sold. Hereafter
shall give you Acco^ how they prove. I wonder you should
Send mee 2 Close stools (w'^'' to mee or any else I tliinke are
uselesse) without pans. I suppose they might bee forgo It, as
allso womens Stockings of w^** I rec'^ one doz. though had none
charged mee. I want one Reame of paper 2 being charged but
1 come to Hand, these I thinke are the most materiall Errors,
if I find more shall hereafter acquaint you with them. Hope
Tob'o may doe well this year. All agi-ee its generally better
y'n hath been of late years. The proposition ab' negro's I hope
will bee comply'd w*'' & Wynne dispatched, for Pa ggens (7)
(7) Petter Paggen & Co. of London, did a large trade with Virginia
about this period.
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VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
Concernc may justly glory in the trade of this River haveing
been mighty Successfull these two last years. No News as
yet of our Salt from Ortou, Roger Newliam hath lately prom-
ised us to Send it up. Ime Sure I want it. Ships here will find
a ready dispatch, Newham & Bradly will Saile within a month
if Weather p'mits. Wee are in daily expectation of y^ Culpeper,
fraight yet wanting. All our friends well. Pray pay any
charge my father Horsmonden shall desire you, or shall bee
any otherwise due, for my Child"' maintenance & Schooling
in England, its but 8 days Since yours Via barbados & p Dept-
ford ketch came to Hand, w'^ an Acco^ of y*^ HoU'^ Venditia I
wish it proves no worse this year, shall not enlarge att present,
but w*'' best respects take Leave G*
. ' . Yo' reall fr-^ & Serv^ ' •
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' ' ■' •• ' (To be continued) <■•«.■■ .
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VIRGINIA IN 1078. 361
VIRGINIA IN 1678-1679.
(Abstracts by W. N. Sainsbury, and copies in the McDonald
and De Jamette Papers, Virginia State Library.)
(Continued)
May 20. 1679
Petition of Bartholomew Price, Guardian to John
Jeffreys a Minor son to Col. Herbert Jeffreys, to the King.
For payment of £300, granted by his Maj. to Col. Jeffreys,
still in the hands of Alderman John Jeffreys and an'ears of his
salary from 25 March 1678 for the relief of the poor widow now
in prison & the maintenance of her poor orphan and to grant
an order for her release. "Delivered to the Committee by M""
Secretary Coventr^^ 20^i> of Ivlay 1679."
(Col. Entry Bk. No. 80. p. 304.)
Letter Mrs. Jeffreys to Secretary Coventry.
Sir
I presume so much upon Your kno\vn Justice and Charity
to represent to You my sad condition here which now is more
deplorable than anybodys was. I paid or gave Bail to all
Debts that came to me and when I thought I had satisfied the
most strictest Laws in the World and was ready to come home
in Captain Morris ship, Coll. Spencer, my Lord Culpepers
Attorney, lays in a claim against me for all perquisits since my
husband came into this Colony notwithstanding that the words
of the Kings Letter is that all perquisils, and Airears not actuall}'
received by You, shall remain in custody for the said Lord Cul-
peper and I have offered to give Security to pay all that can be
found my husband has received since the 25*** March 1678 but
that will not satisfy, therefore 'tis plain they seek my life in
malice to my husband though none of them can tax him of
doing any injustice therefore Sir, May most humble Petition
IK
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: 362 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ,^,.
■ ■ to you is thai you will be pleased to take the cause of so miser-
; able a poor Yvidow into Your Prc/iectioii and make it accent-
able to His rvia"-^ by your ivi-e.-^enling of it for I cannot hoi>e
to outlive this persecution but I most Irombly beseech you to
intercede for me to Kis Ma'^^ that my child may not be ruined
since his father lost his life in most faithfully performing his
duty to His Ma}^. I do not doubt that if my enemys here
would give me leave to come and cast myself at the Kings feet
but His Ma^y would be graciously pleased to extend his accus-
tomed goodness to me and my poor fatherless Child and give
him a comfortable subsistence in this world.
But I am most unjustly kept here therefore do most humbly
■ beg of you to take the cause of the poor fatherless child into
your protection and whilst I breath you shall never want the
prayers of Sir, .,
Your humble and obedient , .
■ , Ser. Jeffreys.
: Sir
j I beseech you to pardon all faults here, for so great a load of
' afflictions distract me.
I . ., . A true Copy teste
' ' \V. Davis.
Whitehall, May 20, 1579
Minutes of a Committee of Trade and Plantations.
Inforaiation of Capt. Rudge, Master of the Hopewell, lately
come from Virginia, summoned by Order in Council of IQ^^
inst. in reference to the great disorders committed by the
Indians who had lately made peace with the English, in kilHng
several of the people & totally ruining Col. Place's plantation,
who is now in England; the great tcn-or caused by a body of 8
or 10,000 Indians assembled about Blackwater upon the North-
em borders of Carolina; the people not reconciled to one anotlier
since the Rebellion wliich has a deal of ill blood. Sir Henry
Cliicheley the present CIO^^emor very old, sickly and crazv (1).
(1) At this time "crazy" referred to bodily, not mental, weakness.
No serious attacks by the Indians followed the great gathering of the
tribes referred to. It may have boon nothing but a baseless rumor.
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VIRGINIA IN 1678. 363
Information of Capts. Grantham & Rider that at York liver
there was a reix)rt of a great incursion of Indians about Rappa-
hannock River, that many people had left their plantations
thro fear. Concerning a Convoy for the next fleet to Virginia.
Petition of Bartholomew Price, Guardian to John Jeffreys
son to Col. Herbert Jeffreys late Governor of Virginia, com-
plaining of ill usage to Mrs. Jeffreys, Widow, by reason of a
pretended debt of Col. Spencer, Attorney to Lord Culpeper for
perquisites received since her husband came into the Countr>-.
Lord Culpeper's answer to the same. 4 pp.
(Col. Entry Bk. No. 106, pp. 5-8.)
Whitehall, May 21, 1679
Order of the King in Council on Report of Comliiti-ee
FOR Trade and Plantations on Petition of Bartholomew Price,
Guardian to Col. Jeffrey's son directing that Sir Henry Chiche-
ley, Governor of Virginia inform himself of the differences de-
pending between Lord Culpeper or his Agents and Mistress
Jeffreys who is to be pemiitted to come to England to settle
her deceased husband's debts; and that vSecretary Coventr}''
take sufficient security on the part of Lord Culpeper as of said
Mrs. Jeffreys that all things be duly perfomied jjursuant to lus
Maj. letter of 27 Dcx:. 1677. (which see) 3 pp.
(Col. Entry Bk. No. 80. pp. 309-311.)
Council Chamber June 27, 1679
Mem'dm. The Lord President is Desired by the Lords
OF Trade and I^lantations to report to his Alaj. in Council
That upon a motion made by the Earl of Essex from the Lords
of the Treasury, their Lordships are of opinion that it will Lest
consist with his Maj. sei"\4ce and tlie ease of the Treasury that
all allowances made by his Maj. inito the Governors and other
Officers of the Plantations as also for the Companies maintained
there may be paid by the pay-master of his Maj. forces upon
the general cstabUslmient settled for that sei-\"ice. ,,
(Col. Entry Bk. No. 97, p. 63.)
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•^*^4 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ■•'
Whitehall June 27, 17G9
Order of the King in Council on report of Lords of Trade
and Plantations on the present allowances for support of the
Government of his Maj. Colonies in America; that the following
Allowances & Establishments shall be continued & no others
viz.; ^ :- '
For Virginia (among others)
To the Governor per ann. v .
To the Lt. Gov. per ann. •■::.
To the Maj. Gen. per ann. ,.
For maintenance of forts , ..
For two Companies of 100 each 3327 n g
To the Chimrgeon per ann. 92 5 q'
Tt the Chaplane per ann. \ . • ,• 12113 4
1000
600
300
600
6040.10.0.
Besides an allowance to an Engineer to be retained
for some time longer in case the Country proceed to
build a Fort after the rate of 10s. per diem for him-
self & 4s.p^ diem for one serv* p' ann. 219
As also to a Gun.smith & two mates to be cont<i some
time longer at 8s. 4d. per diem— per ann. 152
Total £6371.10.0.
To be paid as they become due by the Paymaster of his Maj
Forces upon a General Establishment to be settled for that
service uhich the Lords of the Treasury are hereby directed
to see done accordingly— The two foot Companies of Virginia
to be continued for one year and until further order.
(Col. Kntrv Bk. No. 97, pp. 63-66.)
Whitehall, July 25, 1679
Order of the Privy Council, refening to the Committee
ot Plantations a letter from Sir Henry Chicheley and the Spealcer
ot the Assembly of Virginia to the King together with a letter
from Sir Henry Chicheley to Sec. Coventry, see 20 May 1679
(Col. Entry Bk. No. 80, p. 362.)
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VIRGINIA IN 1678. -, 3()5
Whitehall Aug. 6, 1679
Order of the Privy Council. That an Act of Assembly
begun at James City 25 April last entitled An Act (2) enabling
Major Lawrence Smith and CaT)t. Wm. Bird to seat certain
Lands at the head of Rappahannoc-k River and James River be
forthwith suspended until his Maj. further pleasure be signified
and that no Assembly be called in Virginia before 1*" Januar>-
next of all which Sec. Coventry is to give intimation to Sir
Henry Chicheley Deputy Governor of that Colon>- — also t(^
signify that his Maj. has received the Address concerning the
pay of the soldiers there and the arrears of Quit Rents.
(Col. Entry Bk. No. 80, p. 359.)
Whitehall, Aug. 6, 1679
Order of the Privy Council on letter from Sir Henry
Chicheley of 20 May last and Address of the Assembly of Vir-
ginia inclosed (which see). That a letter be prepared for the
King's signature to Lord Culpeper to acquaint the Assembly
on his aiTival that his Maj. before the receipt of their address,
had taken care for payment of the arrears due to the soldiers
& for the continuance of the same for the future ; and that as to
the Quit rents, his Maj. had long had that matter under con-
sideration & will shortly give orders therein for his own service
& the ease of the people. Also that he has sent some laws to
them to which he expects a cheerful & ready compHance. assur-
ing them of his particular care and kindness for that his Colony.
That an Instruction to Lord Culpeper be prepared to forbear
the publication of his additional Commission for six months
after his arrival if he thinl-: fit.
(Col. Entry Bk. No. 80, pp. 363-4.) ■ :
Aug. 9, 1679, Whitehall
Sec. Coventry to Sir Henry Chicheley, Deputy Governor
(2) This act of the Assembly of April 1G79, appears in Hening II, 448-
454. It was intended as a cheap provision for the defense of the heads
of James and Rappahamiock Rivers. Major Lawrence Smith, of Glou-
cester, was granted a tract at the falls of Rappahannock f(nir and a half
by four miles, and Wm. Byrd of Henrico, a tract five by three miler. at thv
falls of James. Each was to keep fifty armed men constantly on their
grants and was given some local jurisdiction.
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300 VIR(JIN1A HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. : \;
of Virginia. Is commanded by the King to signify to him that
an Act enabling Major Lawrence Smith & Capt. Wm. Bird to
seat certain lands at the head of Rappahannock River and James
River be forthwith suspended so that no proceedings may be
had thereupon until his Maj. shall signify his further pleasure —
that no Assembly be called or held in Virginia before 1 January-
next — and that having received an Address concerning the pay
of the soldiers there and the aiTcars of Quit rents such order
will be taken therein upon the arrival of Lord Culpeper as shall
be for the good of his Maj. subjects there.
(Col. Entry Bk. No. 95, p. 175.)
WhitehaU. Aug. 9, 1679
Secretary Co\entry to Sir Henry Chtcheley, Deputy
Governor of Yirgania. Has received his letter of 20''' May last
wherein he enlarges upon the matter of the Address from him-
self and the Assembly concerning the paj^ of the soldiers there
and the arrears of the Quit rents to wliich his Majesty has
ordered his answer. Shall endeavour to deser\'e his good
opinion by showing his heaity inclinations for the welfare of
Virginia, and also to his own particular.
(Col. Entry Bk. No. 95, p. 175.) ,
Whitehall, Sept. 10. 1079
The King to Thos. Lord Culpeper.
At his earnest and reiterated instances and in contemplation
of the condition of affairs in Virginia where his presence is
highly necessary his Maj. has condescended to his speedy rejjair
thither notwithstanding the great and urgent occasions the
King has of his ser\'ices here. He is hereby granted full power
to repair back to the King's presence as soon as in his discretion
the state of affairs in Virginia will in any sort permit his absence,
as well in person to give an exact account of the same and con-
tinue his services to his Maj. here, as for some short tune to
take care of his own private concerns, which his constant
attendance on the King has hitherto liindered him from suffi-
ciently providing for — After which the King will give orders
for his speedy return thither again to perfect the settlement
and welfare of that Colony.
(Col. Entry Bk. No. 80, pp. 380-1.)
(To be continued)
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Will of John Baylot. -'567
THE WILL OF JOHN BAYLOR OF iNEW MARKET.
■ Made 19th Febmary, 1770. Proved 16th May, 1772. ,,
In the name of God, Amen. —
I, John Baylor of New Market, in the County of Caroline,
being of sound mind and disposing memory do make this my
last will and testament for settling my temporal concerns after
recommending my soul to my blessed Saviour and Redeemer,
trusting not in my own merits but in His mercy for Salvation
and my body to the earth to be buried at the discretion of my
dear v.ife and friends.
Imprimis. — I give to my well beloved wife, Frances Baylor,
in lieu of dower and claim out of my estate the use of all that
part of the tract of land whereon I now live, within the follow-
ing bounds, that is to say — Beginning at the end of Peridleton
Hill road opposite to my house and running thence to the branch
which nms between miy dv/elling house and that wherein ray
stewards have lived — thence down tlie said branch to v/here it
em.pties itself into the Great IMeadow Swam.p — thence along
the said swamp to a dam formerh'- made across the same —
thence a straight line to the river at a ford called Swift Water,
down the river to Todd's line, along that line to the main road
and along the road to the beginning. Also the following slaves,
to wit:
Carpenter, Tom, Old Guilbert, Ben and Tom in the house,
Michael, Joe, Sam. Ismael, Peler, Lewis, Ralph, Kicky, Robin,
Pompey, Young v'^arnson. Old Sarah, Beck, Caroline and her
four children, Grace and Clara, Judy, Sam, Gabriel and Beck,
Scilla and her six children, C^aleb, Lewis, Amiistead.Beniard,
Agga and Scilla, Old Hannah, Isbell, Sail, Milly, Betty, Jenny,
Thone and her two children Fannie and Bick, Christian and
her two children Bird and Polly, Old Malade, Nan, Hannah,
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308 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
Scylvia, Daphney, Esther and Humphrey, with their increase
from the date of my will during her natural life and after her
death, I give the said lands to my son John for such estate and
subject to the like limitations and remainders as her-in-after
mentioned in the devise to him of the residue of my home tract,
and the said slaves with their increase to be equally divided
between my four sons, John, George, Robert and Wallcer Bay-
lor, or the sundving heirs in case either of them should die before
their marriage without issue. I give to my said Vvife as her
absolute property one half of my stocks of black cattle, sheep,
and hogs, half the grain of all sorts and plantation tools, all
plows, horses and wheel carriages which shall be at m.y home
plantation and Goose Pond Oviarters at my death, also my
charriot and .seven horses now used to draw it, my riding chair,
with one half of my household and kitchen furniture, spinning
wheels and looms, and their lackle, to her Executors, Admini-
strators or assigns forever. And the estate given my said wife
to be exempt from the pa>Tnent of debts and legacies.
Item — I give and devise to my oldest son Jolin Baylor the
residue of the tract of land whereon I now live and the several
parcels purchased thereto adjoining on the north side of Matta-
pony river, with my Mill and Mill Quarter lands to my son John
and the heirs of his body, and in default of such heirs I give the
same with the lands lent my wife to my son George and the
heirs of his body, and in default of such heirs to my son Robert
and the heirs of his body, and in default of such heirs to my son
Walker and the heirs of his body forever. I also give to my
said son John all the lands I hold in the County of Orange with
the slaves thereon, being eighty in number, and their future
increase, also all stock of horses, cattle, sheep, and hogs, grain
of all sorts, pots and pans, and plantation tools upon the said
lands, also the following slaves, to-wit: Sawney a carpenter
Gabriel and Ben (Smiths), two Martins (wheelwrights), Gilbert
(miller), Lunny, Peg, Carter, Tom, Miles, Gabriel, Patty, Dol-
phin at home, and Old Jamie, Young Jamie, Austin, Dick, Lott,
Penn, Grace, Zachary, Neil, Nan, rvlice, Lott, Sarah and her
children, at the Mill with their future increase, also all grain
at the Mill, and all grain. Stocks of black cattle, sheep, and hogs
■ ^ Will op John Baylor. ' •' ''• 359
and plow horses, pots, pans, and plantation tools of all sorts
on the Mill Quarter plantation — half of my stock of black cattle,
sheep and hogs at my home and Goose Pond Quarter plantation,
my English horse Feamaught, and these mares, namely: Old
Jenny. Dismal, English, Gray Steady, Sally and Lovely, and
all my books, all of which I give to my said son John and his
heirs, forever — upon this express condition, that he shall pay
unto my son Walker Baylor six htmdred pounds, when the said
Walker shall become of the age of twenty-one. At the same
time deliver to him two young male, Virginia bond tithable
slaves to be his absolute property, and also a good young riding
horse, and shall pay to him and each of his brothers George and
Robert the sum of twenty-five pounds sterling to assist in a
library which I higlily recommend to be yearly added to, sub-
ject also to the charges here-in-after laid on my son John, but
if my son John shall die before he arrives at the age of twenty-
one years then the said slaves and stock devised to him shall
be equally divided between my other three sons George, Robert,
and Walker, or the survivors of them, subject, however, to the
charges aforesaid.
Item — I give my lower Pole Cat tract of land in this county
containing about three hundred acres to my son George Baylor
and the heirs of his body forever, and in default of such issue,
to my son John and the heirs of his body, and on failure of such
heirs to my son Robert and the heirs of his body, and in default
of such to my son Walker and the heirs of his body forever — I
also give to my said son George all the grain, stocks of black
cattle, sheep, and hogs, plow horses, pots and pans, and planta-
tion tools upon the said lands, his own riding mare, Jenny, Dis-
mal's colt, Godoplhin — his young mare Sprightly at the old
house, and the young brown English begotten mare Ballad
Stella, with their future increase, together with the following
slaves, to-wit: Bet, Jenny, Lawney, Goose Pond Nat, Shoe-
maker Nat, Phil, Lee's Tom, Jack, Henry, Daniel, Kickey,
Ambrose, Lewis, Jemmy, Ned, Hannibal, Peter, Will, Annibal,
York, Dick, Adam, Solomon, Reuben, Eve, Pallas, Gate, Nan,
Dice, Jenny, Christian, Rose, Hannah, vSimon, Pleasant, Sarah,
Evans, Flemming, Avy, Eve, Ester, Grace, Jerry, Isbell, Jack,
t»S
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370 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
Michael, Jack, Nan, Ned, Will, Grace, and Stephee, and their
future increase, all of which I give to my said son George, and
his heirs forever, upon this express condition, that he pay unto
my said son Walker the sum of two hundied and fifty pounds
when the said Walker arrives to the age of twenty-one or
marries, and then deliver him for his own use three good young
Virginia bom tithable slaves and twelve head of black cattle,
subject to the charges here-in-after laid upon my said son
George, but if my said son George shall die before he arrives at
the age of twenty-one or marries, the slaves and stock devised
to him shall be equally divided between my sons John, Robert,
and Walker, or the sur\'ivors of them in case either of them
should be dead without leaving issue, subject nevertheless to
the charges aforesaid.
Item— I give my old house tract of land to my son Robert
Baylor, and the heirs of his body, and in default of such heirs
to my son John, for such estate and subject to the like limita-
tions and remainders as are m.entioned in the devise of my Caro-
line lands to him.— I also give to my said son Robert Baylor,
all the grain, stocks of black cattle, sheep, and hogs,^ plows,
horses, pots and pans, and plantation tools upon the said land,
and his riding horse, a mare Lucinda, and her colt Sally. Steady,
Fan, Rachel, with their future increase, together with the fol-
lo^^ing slaves, to-wit: Hannibal a carpenter, Johnny, Bob and
Sampson, Sawyer, Isaac, Judy, three children Charlotte, God-
frey and Bob, Ezekiel, I\lartin, a boy, Anny Cocker^^'s daughter
Judy, Joe, Han-y, Kickey, Randall, Moses, Ezekiel, Ambrose,
Larpedor.'jack, Dick, George, Frank, Molly, Gate Cockeney's
Anthony, Amy, Sawney, George, Cloe, Jack, Charies, Esther,
Dinah, Hannah, Stephen, Nancy, Dill and Ephram, Sarah and
Lucy, ' Sally, Judy, Betty, Amy and Patty's Ester, and their
future increase, all which I give to my son Robert Baylor and
his heirs upon this express condition, that he pay unto my son
Walker when he shall arrive to the age of twenty-one years, or
marries, the sum of two hundred and fifty pounds and deliver
him three young good Virginia bom titheable slaves and eight
head of black cattle to his own use, subject also to the charges
here-in-after laid on my said son Robert, but if my said son
OHIT
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.iii
' Will of John Baylor. ' "'' 371
Robert shall die before he arrives to the age of twenty-one
years, or marries, the slaves and stock devised to my said son
shall be equally divided between my three sons, John, George,
and Walker, or the survivors of them in case either of them shall
be dead without leaving issue, subject to, however, the charges
aforesaid.
Item — I give my upper Pole Cat tract of land containing be-
tween two and three thousand acres, and all of my lots of land
in the town of Port Royal, purchased of Oliver Towles, to my
son Walker Baylor and the heirs of his body forever, and in
default of such heirs to my son John for such estate and subject
to like Hmitations and remainders as mentioned in the devise
of m}'' Caroline lands to my said son John. I also give to my
son WaUcer a negro named Hylliard to his own use.
Item — I give to my daughter Lucy Armistead all my South
River tract of land with the land of Bohannon thereto adjoin-
ing to her and her heirs forever, also the following slaves, to-wit:
Simon, Davy, Jeoffrey, Peach, Betty and her children Patty
and John Wilkes, Milly, Esther and Judy.
Item — I give to my daxighter Fanny Baylor her negro girl
Sally and future increase and six himdred pounds current
money to be paid her when she arrives to the age of twenty-one
years or marries, but if she dies before she becomes of age or
marries the said money is not to be raised, but be sunk for the
benefit of my sons.
Item — I give to my daughter Courtney Baylor her negro girl
Phebbe and six hundred poimds current money to be raised and
paid at the time and upon the same conditions as Fanny's.
Item — I give to my daughter Betty Baylor her negro girl
Angella and six hundred pounds to be raised and paid in manner
and upon the same conditions, my meaning that my .two last
named daughters' fortunes shall be payable when they respec-
tively become of age or marry, and are severally to be sunk for
the benefit of my sons in case of their death before the)' come
of age or mairy.
Item — I give my granddaughter Fanny Annistead one himd-
red pounds and a negro Rachel called hers.
Item — I give imto my grandson John Baylor Armistead a
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I
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I
372 VIRGINIA HISTOPICAL MAGAZINE.
negro boy named Jemy called his, and a good colt at the dis-
cretion of my executors.
Item — I do hereby direct that the remaining half of my house-
hold and kitchen furniture, with all my horses, mares, and colts
not before devised, be sold by my executors and the money
applied to the payment of my debts and legacies, and my out-
standing debts collected and applied to the same uses.
Item — My desire is that my whole estate except what is given
and lent to my wife and daughter Lucy, be kept together and
the profit applied to the common maintenance of my children
iinmamed and the payment of debts and legacies, until my
son John arrives at the age of twenty-one years and comes to
Virginia or sends to demand his part, at which time an account
mxist be stated of the above sales, outstanding debts, and pro-
fits and what this shall be deficient in paying my debts and
raising the fortunes devised to my three youngest daughters and
granddaughter shall be supplied and paid one moiety by my
son John and the other moiety by my sons George and Robert
equally between them, and in the like proportion shall my sons
contribute hereafter to the education and maintenance of my
son Walker and three daughters Fanny, Courtney, and Betty
tmtil they respectively arrive to the age of twenty-one years or
marry, and subject these charges as well as the condition ex-
pressed in each devise. My will is, that the bequeaths to my
said sons John, George and Robert shall then take place and
vest in them respectively. But if my son John shall die under
age then such devision and settlement shall not tal<e place until
my son George shall arrive to the age of twenty-one years, or
marries, and then shall tal<e place in the manner aforesaid.
Item — I empower my executors out of the profits of my estate,
if they find it convenient, to purchase land and slaves for all
or any of my sons, charging same to such sons to be settled in
the account on equal distribution of profits.
Item — My earnest desire is that in any division to be made of
my slaves, particular care be taken to avoid a separation of
families of slaves as much as possible.
Item — All the rest and remainder of my estate and interest
therein not fully disposed of I give to my son John and his heirs
forever. . ■ ■ ■ ,v ,
;>jiiv
£V€
i>: .►':i'':ii; ;ti:
) v:.;
■ • ' ^ Will of John Baylor. 373
Lastly: I constitute and desire my son John Baylor, my son-
in-law Mr. John Armistead and my friends Gregory Baylor,
Nathaniel BunvcU, Edmund Pendleton, Anthony Thornton,
Erasmus Taylor, James Madison, James Taylor, Jr. and John
Semple, Gentlemen, to be my executors of this my last will and
testament, and the five first named to be guardians of my
children during their minority.
In witness whereof I have signed my name to the first sheet
of this, my will, and to this last have set my hand and seal, this
19th day of February, 1770.
Signed and published by the testator. ,
SEAL J. Baylor.
The words "and daughter Lucy" in this sheet first interlined
in presence of us who subscribed the same in his presence.
'Maury Dudley. John Fitzhugh.
Henry Turner. Christ. Blackburn.
' At a court held for Caroline County the IGth day of May,
1773, this will was proved by the oath of Maury Dudley and
Christopher Blackburn and admitted to record on the motion of
Nathaniel Bunvell and John Armistead, Gentlemen, who having
taken the oath prescribed by law, certificates for obtaining a
probate thereof is granted them.
Bond acknowledged and ordered to be recorded.
Teste —
William Nelson, Clerk.
Recopy Teste — - '
John Pendleton— D. CO.
We are indebted to Dr. T. V. Brooke, Sutherlin, Va., for the copy of
this wilh Col. John Baylor was bom May 12, 1705 at Walkerton, King
and Queen Co. and was educated at Putney Grammar School and Caius
College, Cambridge. He was County Lieutenant of Orange County
(where he owned a great landed estate), and was a member of the House
of Burgesses for Caroline 1742-1765, inclusive. He was greatly interested
in thoroughbred horses, and imported many from England, including;
Sober John, and Feamaught. At his death nearly a hundred "blooded"
horses were sold by his executors. He died April 6, 1772, leaving a very
large, but greatly involved estate. He married Jan. 2, 1744, Frances
daughter of Jacob Walker of Va., and had issue: 1. Courtney, educated
like her sisters, at Croydon, Kent., married Jasper Clayton, of Gloucester
Co., Va.; 2. Lucy married John Armistead; 3. Frances, married •
Nicholson; 4. Elizabeth, died luimarricd; 5. John, also educated at Putney
Grammar School and Caius College, inherited his father's estate of
"Newmarket," Caroline County; G. George, Lt. Colonel in the Revolu-
tion; 7. Walker, Lieutenant in the Revolution; 8. Robert.
J^
iUMtu^U>^"i
374 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ?'
ABSTRACT OF CHANCERY SUIT*(1), PRESIDENT AND
MASTERS OF THE COLLEGE OF WILLUM
AND MARY i;. FREWEN.
Contributed by Leo Culleton, 92 Piccadilly, London, Eng.
Chanc. Proc. Reynardson No. 169-6.
14 Nov. 1702. To the Right Hon'ble Sr. Nathan Wright,
Knight, Lord Keeper of the great Seale of England.
Humbly Complaineing sheweth unto yo' Lordshipp yo'
orato^ S' Edward Northey Kn* her Majestyes Attorney generall
att the relacon of the President and Masters of the Colledge of
William and Mary in Virginia, and the Mayor Comonalty and
Citizens of London.
That in p'suance of severall Orders and Decrees made in a
Cause formerly depending in this Hon'ble Court wherein S'
Thomas Trevor, Kn* his late Maj'tys Attorney gen'all, Dame
Elizabeth Gerrard, widdow and Thomas Owen Esq' were
plaintiffs, ag* y^ R* Hon'ble Rich'*, late Earle of Burlington, S^
Henry Ashurst Kn^ and Barr*. and Jo hn Warr, gent. Exec" of
(1) Hon. Robert Boyle (Tan. 26, 1626-1691) a younger son of Richard,
first Earl of Cork, was noted for his scientific attainments Ihe
nature of his bequest is seen from the bill of the President and Mas-
ters of Wm. & Mary. The suit was a friendly one to authorize the sa e
of the mansion house of Brafl-crton Hall, which would be an unprofitable
burden on the trust. It will also be seen that the fund was not charged
with the payment of £90 to Harvard, as has been stated; but only tor
■ £45 which was to be expended by that college in the payment of ministers
salaries. The portrait of Rcbt. Boyle is in the 'brary of W m. & Mary
Colleee He was friendly to Wm. Byrd (2d) when the latter
was a yoimg man in England and quite intimate^ relations continued be-
tween Eyrd and members of the Boyle family. I" T^^e Orrery Paper,
are a number of letters from Byrd to Charles 4th Earl ot Olney now
chiefly rcm.embered by Macauley's account of his contest with Bentley),
and to his sen Hon. John Boyle, afterwards 5th Ear . It is a curious
editorial slip where the editor of the "Orrery Papers states in his pre-
face, that Earl Charles died in 1737, which the letters prove that he died
in 1731.
-T-N-ril'^V ..T -Cr"^ OIT-VIO
•'^' Abstract of Chancery Suit. -• 375
y Hon'ble Rob^ Boyle Esq'. deC*, deftes. y* said defts were
Decreed to lay out for the purchase of the MannC" <>f Brafferton
ill the County of York the sume of Five thousand four hundred
pounds (out of y" p sonall estate of the said Robert Boyle) v/'=''
when purchased was to be conveyed to the May"^ Comonalty
and Cittizens of London (subject to a rent charge of ninety
pounds a ycare clear of taxes for ever issueing thereout to the
Company for p'pogateing the Gospell in New England and the
parts adjacent in America one Moyety whereof Viz* forty five
pounds a yeare y* said Company was yearely to remitt for the
Sallary of two preaching Ministers to instruct the Natives in or
near y^ Colonyes of his late Maj'^y" and Successors in New
England in y' Christian Religion and the other Moyety of y'
said Ninety pounds a yeare y^ said Company and their Suc-
cessors were yearly to transmitt to the President and Fellowes
of Har\^ard Colledge in Cambridge in New England to be by
them employed and bestowed for the Sallary of two other
preaching Ministers to teach y** said Natives in or neare y* said
CoUonyes in the Christian Religion upon trust that the yearly
rents issues and p'fitts thereof (after the said ninety poimds a
yeare should be deducted) should be transmitted to the said
P'^sident and Ma's of the Colledge of William and Mary in
Virginia and their Successors in trust in the first place to expend
so much as should be necessary towards fitting and furnishing
lodgings and Rooms for such Indian Children as should be
brought into y° said Colledge and afterwards to keep soe many
Iridian Children in sicknesse and health in meat drink washing
and lodging Cloaths Medicines books and Educacon from y*
first beginning of letters till they should be ready to receave
Ord's at ye rate of fourteen pounds a yeare for every child
as y" yearly p'fitts of y^ said Manno*" would amoimt to
And yo' Oraf further sheweth that in p'suance of y® s'* Orders,
y*-* purchase of the said Manno' was made, y" said rent charge
of ninety pound a yeare was granted thereout to y^ said Com-
I'any for p'pogating y* Gospell in New England in America in
trust for y« purposes aforesaid Yo' Oraf further sheweth
y' y* said Manno' of Braficrton consisting of a Capitall Mess-
uage called Brafi:erton Hall and severall Farmes belonging
dVS
376 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
thereto all of ab'' y'' yearly vallue of two hundred and seaventy
pounds and by y° Acco** yearly transmitted to y^ said p'sident
and Ma''s of y^ said Colledge in Virginia by their Agent here in
London of y** rents & p'fitts of y^ said Manno^ there has been
alwayes a demand for five or six pounds a yeare for expences
and charges for repayers laid out on y* said Messuage and with-
out any p'fitt or advantage for y° same and y^ said President
and Ma's of y^ said Colledge in Virginia upon inquiry found that
y^ same would be alwayes a charge to y^ Charity and without
any prospect of profitt they did propose to sell y" same and
accordingly did by their Agent in England treat with one Laton
Frewen of y" Citty of York, gent, for y sale of the said Messuage
or Manno"" house called BralTerton Hall and at length y^
said President and Ma's of y" said Colledge at Virginia by the
Agent did come to a full agreem' with y^ said Laton Frewen for
the sale thereof and for which he was to pay two hundred and
seaventy pounds which said sume was agreed to be laid out in
the purchase of Lands as near y° Manno' as can be had and
settled to y*' same uses and subjected to y® same trusts
whereby y"^ said Charity would be improved as much as such
purchase shall amount to and an yearly expence saved besides
wliich was apprehended would be rather an Inducement then
otherwise for y** said Laton Frewen to go on with the purchase.
Butt now the said Laton Frewen "flyes of" from his said Agreem^
and refuses to go on with the said purchase pretending that he
caimot with safety purchase y*^ same it being settled as aforesaid
for a charitable use, which objeccon is not sufficient to acquitt
him of the said purchase for y' though y* said Capitall Messuage
agreed to be sold be settled as aforesaid for a Charitable intent,
yet if it shall be found that by y^ sale thereof that the charitye
will be improved thereby Yo' Oraf questions not but tliis
Court will Decree the said Laton Frewen to go on with the
purchase And to that end yo' Oraf prayes that the said
Laton Frewen may be compelled to execute his said Agreement
by payment of the purchase money May it therefore
please yo' Lordshipp to grant unto yo' Oraf his Majestyes
mojt gratious Writt of sup'na to be directed to the said Laton
Frewen. comanding at a ccrtaine day and under a certaine
■J(l Oj
Abstract of Chancery Suit. S77
paine therein to be limitted to be and appeare before yo' Lord-
shipp in her Majestyes most high & Hon'ble Court of Chancery
and then and there to Answ' to all and singular the premisses.
And yo' Orat' shall ever pray &c. . ; •
Edw Northey.
Ric Turner.
The Answer of Laton Frewen, gent., deft to the Bill of Com-
plaint or Infomiacon of S"" Edward Northey, Knt. her Maj'tyes
Attorney Generall at the Relacon of the President and Masters
of the Colledge of William and Mary in Virginia and others
Complainants.
The said Defend* Reserving to himself e now and att all times
hereafter all manner of benefitt and advantage of Excepcons
that can or may be taken to the many fold Errors incertaintyes
and insufficiencyes in the Complain*' said Bill of Complaint
contained for Answ"" thereunto. Answereth that it may be true
that the Manno' of Brafferton Hall in the County of York
might be purchased and settled in pursuance of severall orders
and Decrees of this Court for the Charitable uses and purposes
in the bill menconed to which for more certainty this Defend*
referrs And he hath been informed that the Messuage or Manno'
House aforesaid hath been hitherto a charge to the Charity
And he confesseth that hearing that the said President and
Masters of the said Colledge of William and Mar>^ in Virginia
would sell the said Messuage did treat with IVI^ Myers and M'
Musgrove for the purchase thereof and did agree to pay for the
same the strnie of t^vo hundred and scaventy pounds v/hich sume
was agreed to be laid out in the purchase of Lands of Inheritance
as near Brafferton as conveniently can be had and settled to the
same uses and trusts of trusts of the former Charitye which
this Defend* is ready to pay soe as the same be laid out as afore-
said and soe as this Honoble Court will Decree a good Con-
veyance of the fee s>Tnple of the said Messuage or Manno"^
House to him this Defendant and his Heires freed and dis-
cFiarged from the former Charityes "without that that any other
matter or thing in the Complainants said (sic) Bill of Complaint
7T«
edi
878 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. '' ''
contained materiall or effectuall in the Law for him this Deft
(as he is advised) to make Answ' unto as not herein and hereby
sufficiently Answ''ed unto confessed and avoided or Denyed
is true to the knowledge of this Defend'." All which matters
and things this Defend' is ready to Justifye and mainteyne.
And therefore prayes to be dismissed with his reasonable Costs
and charges.
Tho. Pengelly.
Mills.
:.;. 'A
iiA
VIRGINIA GLEANINGS IN ENGLAND S79
VIRGINIA GLEANINGS IN ENGLAND.
(Contributed by Leo Culleton, 92 Piccadilly, London, W, and
the late Lothrop Witliington.)
■ • (Continued)
John Benskyn, Citizen and Vintener of London.
Dated 15 Nov. 1617 Proved 28 Nov. 1617.
My bodie to be btuied within the parish Church of St. Magnus
the martir, London whereof I am a parishioner. To the poore
of the said parish of St Magnus the martir, neere London Bridge,
Forty shillings. To my Brother Thomas Benskyn of Sallowe
in the Countie of Nott, yeoman, Tenne poundes. To my
Brother Raph Benskyn, F}^teene pounds. To my sister
Margaret Pick, wief of William Pick of great Dawlby in the
Coimty of Leic, husbondman, Fyve pounds. To her daughter
Hanna, Forty shillings. To my sister Sara Wyatt, wief of
Thomas Wyatt of Thrummiston [? Thurmaston] in the said
County of Leic, husbondman, Tenne poundes. And to her
three Children Forty shillings a pecce. To every one of the
Eight Children of my said Brother Thom.as Benskyn, Forty
shillings a peece. To my sister Martha Hoden, wief of Robert
Hodcn, Citizen and Dyer of London, Tenne poundes. To my
Father in lawe, Nicholas Oesley, Fyve pounds. To my sister
in lawe, Ellen Oesley, Tenne pounds. To Judith Smyth,
Widdowe, whoe nurseth my Child, Twenty shillings. To my
Cosen Sibbell Pye, wyfe of Henry Pye, Fortie shillings. To
my freinds Mr Richard Sleigh, Citizen and Vintner of London,
to Mr Frances Benbowc, to my Aunt Menick, to my Cosen
Anne Poole and unto her mother Mary Overton, Forty shillings
.■IIO«IV
Ivui .V/ ,rt bokwJhiitoO)
■MD;M -: ; ,ii;:>}M
^j ru . 1" to iU;\i^ a/jnioxir
■ - - ')
y^joU
1 V)il oil'', 'J I
380 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
a peece to make them Ringes. To my scn'^ants, Edward John-
son, John Mills and Alice Tewks, Fortie shillings a peece. To
my Child Frances [Francis?! Benskyn, the sume of two hundred
and Fiftie pounds. And unto the Child wherewith my wife
nowe goeth, the like sume of two hundred and Fifty poimdes.
And if my said wife shall nowe goe with more than one Child
then the same twoe porcons of two hundred and Fifty poundes
shalbe and remayne equally amongst my said Children. And
the said legacies to be paide unto them at the age or ages of one
and twentie yeares of my sonne or sonnes, and at the age or
ages of one and Twentie yeares or Dayes of marriages, first
happening, of my Daughter or Daughters. And whereas I am
seised of certen lands and hereditamts in Suyston als Seston
als Sytheston, in the Countie of Leic. my will is that my Execu-
trix and Overseers hereafter named shall make sale thereof to
the most benefytt they can, For and towardes the paionent of
such Debts and simimes of money as I owe.
Residuaiy Legatee and Sole Executrix, my wife, Katherin
Benskyn. Overseers: my Unckle Sr Jno Merricke of London,
Knight, and Jno Poole, Citizen and Ivlercer of London.
James Goodyer, Scr., John Bludworth and Christopher Fanell,
(servt to the said James Goodyer, Scr.) Witnesses.
Proved 28 Nov. 1617 by Catherine Benskyn, the relict and
Sole Executrix named.
P. C. C. 102 Weldon.
(The wills of Francis Benskin, Esq. of St. Martins in the Fields, proved
Jan. 2. 1691, and of his son Henry Benskin, "lately arrived in England
from the plantation of Virginia." proved Oct. 19, 1692, are in Waters'
Gleanings. The latter had two daughters, Mary wife of William Har-
man of New Kent Co. and Frances wife of William Marston of James City
County. Benskin appeared later as a Christian name among the Mar-
stons and their descendants. It is possible that John Benskin, the testa-
tor above was father of Francis Benskin.]
Hbnry Bushrode of Craford in the Countie of Dorset, yeoman.
Dated 10 Sept. 1612. Proved 12 July 1614.
To be buried in the Churchyarde of this same parish. To the
Churche of the same parish, sixe shillings eight pence. To the
bot
Jl'
.£l8i
VIRGINIA GLEANINGS IN ENGLAND. 881
poore of the same parish, Five poundes. To the poore of little
Craford, Twentie shillings. To the poore of Kcniston, Twentie
shillings. To Henry Bnishrode, the sonne of Robert Bushrode
of Shirebome late deceased, Thirtie poundes, to be paid him
at the age of one and Twentie Yeares. To his other two sonnes,
Twentie pounds, a pecce, to be paid at the age of one and twentie
yeares. To the youngest of my brother John Bushrods daugh-
ters, of Tawnton, late deceased, Twentie poundes. To Mary
Bushrode, my kinswoman. Ten poundes. To my Cosen
William Bushrode, Tenne poundes. To the Children of Robert
Rapsham of Shirebome, Fortie shillings a peece. To Henry
Roberts, Fortie shillings. To George Schovell, the sonne of
George Schovell, six poundes, and two heyfers which are nowe
at pasture with William Hughes. To the Children of Jolin
Bushrode, late of Shirebome, Five poundes a peece, to be paid
at the age of twentie and one yeares. Residuary Legatee and
Sole Executor. Richard Bushrode* of Dorchester.
Thomas Frampton and George Batt, Witnesses.
To my brother William Bushrode, Five poundes. To my
godchildren, two sheepe a peece.
Proved 12 July 1614. by the Sole Executor *named.
*lNo relationship given].
n ^^u ^?^' ]^-^^^h ^^' ^^'^ magazine, was printed the will of Samuel
tltl^'f' ^^ the County of Dorset, clothier!^ proved June 1, 1647 who
seems to have been brother of Richard and Thomas Bushrod the erni-
grants to Virgmm. This Henry Bushrod was evidently nearly relltTd
to bamuel. in each will is mention of members of the Scovell family.)
Mr. Martin Jefferson an Enlish man merchant adven-
turer living in Rotterdam. Will 1 October 1050; proved 28
October 1651. Appears before John Froost notary public
admitted by the Court of Holland and left all his property and
the guardianship of his children to his wife Weyntge Jefferson
Witnesses: William Ende Jongh and Martine Alma my clerks'
A. Sommetradt Not: Pub: 1651 & H. de Custer Not: Pub: 1651
swear that John Frost is a notary and that instruments affcx^ted
before him are legal and attesting the translation appears Josua
188
382 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
Mainet not: pub: 1651. Proved by Wentgen Jefferson the
relict. Grey, 188.
[This abstract and the one following have been printed to preserve
possible clues for tracing the Jefferson family. The John Jefferson,
whose will follows, may have been the one who was a member of the Va.
House of Burgesses in 1619.,
John Jefferson the elder of the parish of St. Peter ad Vin-
cula within the Tower of London, citizen and bow>'er of London.
Will 26 December 1645; proved 30 October 16-47. I give to my
son John Jeflerson my livery gown and all my wearing apparel
whatsoever, and all my bows, bowstaves, working tools, and
other implements of archery, together with my seal ring. To
Ivlary Jefferson, my said son's daughter, my Cyprus desk. To
my daughter Elizabeth Tyrer my ring set with a blue stone and
other stones. To my daughter Dorothy Watkins my gold
ring that was my Wife's wedding ring. All other my rings I
give to my son Nathaniell Jeflerson. To each of my aforesaid
four children, a silver spoon apiece. I will that all my beds,
bedding, and household stuff shall be duly and justly appraised,
and indifferently shared into four equal parts, one part whereof
I give to my said son John, one other part equally amongst my
grandchildren, children of my said son Nathaniel, one other
part amongst the children of my daughter Elizabeth, and the
other amongst the children of my daughter Dorothy. The
parts given to all the children shall remain in the custody of my
son Nathaniel, and shalbe by him kept or sold to the best profit
he can for the benefit of the said children at their respective
ages of 21 or marriage. All the rest of my goods I give amongst
all my said grandchildren, viz., the children of my said two sons
and two daughters, to be divided amongst them at their ages
of 21 or marriage. I appoint my son Nathaniel Jefferson to be
my full executor, (signed) Jolm Jefferson. Witnesses: Joseph
Alfort scr., Johes Aurelius, not. pub., Oliver Obery, servant to
the said scrivener. Proved by the executor named. Fines.
.annr
5(&
VIRGINIA GLEANINGS IN ENGLAND. 383
Elizabeth Braxton of the parish of St. Gregory, London,
widow. Will 8 April 1652; proved 30 April 1653. I give to
my cousin Elizabeth Wilson, and to her brothers John Watson
and William Watson, and to my cousins Elizabeth and John
Watson, son and daughter of John Watson deceased, 12d. each.
To Margaret Guy 10s. to make her a ring. To Mr. Thomas
Bruise, junior, a little gold purse and an enammelled ring with a
death's head on it. To my maidser\'ant Chiistian Lucas my
best wearing apparel, and to my maidservant Sara Underwood
my ordinary wearing apparel. To my sister Joanne Dawson,
my wedding ring. To John Dawson and Ellen, son and daugh-
ter of William and Joane Dawson, my two gilt bowls. I make
my brother William Dawson, cook, my sole executor; and if
any of my kindred (by me not now remembered) shall happen
to disturb my executor in the performance of this my will, I
give to each of them that shall come in 12d, which legacies I
give not unto them to cut them off from what is their due, but
to ascertain my executor (as in all conscience I am boimd) that
he shall not be endangered by any engagements that be upon
him concerning vne, and to enable him the better to pay my
debts, he being very well known to, and better respected amongst
my creditors than any other friend that at this time I could
make use of . (Signed) Elizabeth Braxton. Witnesses: Rich-
ard Hodgekinson, Robt. Gebbins. Proved by the executor
named. Brent, 298.
(As the name Braxton, or Brexton (the same name) appears so rarely
in English rerords, and as absolutely nothing is known of the English
ancestry of the Virginia family, it has been thought worth while to pre-
serve these two wills as possible aids to investigation.]
William Brexton of St. Martin in the Fields, county Middle-
sex, gent. Will 1 August 1634; proved 28 August 1634. Body
to Church of Holy Trinity in Winton. To repair of said church
£10. To my brother Richard Brexton £1000 remaining in the
custody of Sir Richard Titchboume Baronett as by Bond in my
Custody. Said £1000 to remain in the hands of said Sir Rich-
ard for three years after my death and in the meantime if mine
executor be so minded to renew the same but not to call it in.
888
Yin
^{^a
.g<:
I • . I ,; I'
384 VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.
In token of my love to Sir Richard and for many curtesies I
have received I give to him £30. To my Lord Weston £30
humbly desiring him to accept the same. To my father and
mother and the longest liver of them the lease of a house in the
city of Wiston which I bought of Mrs Savage together with the
wine licence which I took from Mr. Diggens of the wine office.
To my said brother Richard Brexton the sums of money which
may accrue upon a Privy Seale made by assignment of Mr.
Melvill with Captain Milwoode and Mr. Bedingfield of Gray's
Inn. To my said brother the residue of the term of said howse
as shall be unexpired after the death of said father and mother.
To my sister Ellen Zouche a diamond ring of about £20. To
my three brothers Thomas, Cornelius and Francis £40 apiece
I release my cousin Mr. Thomas Travers of £13 and all arrears.
My said brother Richard sole executor. Mr. Edward Bettes
and Mr. William Longland the elder Overseers. To each of
them 6s. 8d. Witnesses: Tho. Travers, Hen. Crosse, Thos.
Stockton. Seager, 78.
William Corderoy of Chuet county Wilts esqre. Will 15
June 1621; proved 4 November 1023. Body to my Chappell
in Chuet church. To Lady Church of Sarum 40s. To poor
of Chuet 40s. and 10s. to church. To my daughter Annah
£400. To my daughter Ellenor £400. ^My brother Edward
Godderde esq my cosen William Sotwell esq and my cosen
William Stanton esq to raise money for 12 years on my land,
and pay to my son William Corderoy £50 yearly. To my said
son all my lands in Chuet Conholt, Langley Mowse, Upham
and Wilton for ever. In default then to my son Edward and
for default to my son John. My son William sole executor.
To my wife and her maid beds bedding etc. and their diet. To
my three daughters £20 yearly, i. e. £6. 13s. 4d. apeece. Wit-
nesses: Wm. Corderoy, Andrew Kingsmill, Jasper Mompesson,
Edwd Flower. Memorandum. The legacy of £400 (there is
no mention of it in body of Will) given by testator to said
Bridget Corderoy was stricken out by testator in presence of
witnesses 6th January 1622, Wm. Stanton, Ann Arnold, Kinges-
mill Long, Constance Browne. Swann, 109.
.^yi i.^
I'H!
VIRGINIA GLEANINGS IN ENGLAND. 385
[Chester's Marriage Licenses shows thai "Richard Bernard, of Petsoe,
Bucks, widower, aged 20," was granted a license, Nov. 24, 1634, to marry
"Anne Cordcroy, aged 2G, daughter of Corderoy Esq.," at St.
Andrews-in-the Wardrobe, London. The}' came afterwards to Va., and
in a grant of land to Mrs. Anna Bernard July 2, 1G52, appear the names of ' ^"'
Ellinor, /William and Edward Corderoy, lieadrights. From the names
in the will and the headrights it looks very much as if this William Cor-
deroy was the father of Mrs. Bernard. There are other things which
seem to prove that this was indeed the fact. Among the other head- j ,,,,
rights to the Bernard grant, which has been referred to, were William,
Francis and Elizabeth Ironmonger (or Iremonger). In the Salisbury
mari-iage licenses, now in course of publication in the (English) Gen-
ealogist, it appears that on July 23, 1028 a license was issued for the
marriage of Samuel Iremonger of Bennington (Donnington?), Ber 
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