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^  A  Study  of  the  causes  of  the  Civil  War  and 
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WATSON'S 

ji:ffi:rsonian  magazine 

Vol.  III.  SeptemlHT,  190J)  No.  9 


THK  HEATHKN  .\l*ri{K('l.\Ti:     A  SOFT  SNAT  _. Fronlispirre 

KIHTOHIALS— 

As  to  lUckiiison's  (iittysbiiiji  Addivss 657 

A  Lady  Mis'^ionaiy  Dt-fcnds  l»r»'seiit  System  _____________   659 

l)e«jidem-«'  of  Situtlicrii  Oratoiy __676 

In  tlu-  l)a>s  «)f  Slav»iy 678 

Kditorial  Small  Talk 679 

A  Sl'RVEY  OF  THE  WORLD Tom  Dolan 683 

FORGET  (A  Poem) James  W.  Phillips 698 

A  GLIMPSE  OF  XEWER  FRANCE Krncst  Caucroft 699 

TO  A  STILL  BORN  BABE   (A  Poem) Mna  TIUl  Ruhinson 706 

LETTERS  TO  AAROX  BIRR 707 

THE  DARK  CORNER Z'uh  MrChrr 711 

LIFE  AND  TLMES  OF  ANDHEW  .IA(  KSON 721 

A  NUTSHELL  NOVEL  FOR  A  MINIATURE 

MUDIE   (Verse) 7.  Afthlcy  Stcni/ 724 

EDUCATIONAL  DEPARTMENT 725 

THE  JUNIOR  JEFFS Ihuhl,/  Jiw 729 

IX  SICKNESS St  old!/  •*^'-  Fisher 731 

COMMUNICATIONS 73  2 

BOOK  REVIEWS 735 

MELANCHOLY *. ^fan/  Chupin  Smith 736 


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Watson's  Jeflersoiiiaii  Magazine 

Vol.111.  Seploinker,  190!)  No.  9 

EDITORIALS 

AS  TO   DICKINSON'S  GETTYS- 
BURG ADDRESS 

ECHOING  what  other  Northern  papers  have  said,  the  New  York 
Globe  asserts: 

"Tom  Watson  is  of  'Cracker'  extraction.     Wliat  has  given  him  the  oppor- 
portunity  to  arise  was  the  triumph  of  'Old  Glory'." 

This  rap  comes  to  me  because  of  my  repudiation  of  the  Gettysburg 
statement  of  Secretary  Dickinson,  that  the  South  turns  ''with  abhor- 
rence' from  any  suggestion  that  it  would  have  been  better  had  the  Con- 
federacy withstood  the  world-wide  assault  made  upon  it. 

Well,  the  Globe's  statement  contains  as  much  truth  as  Dickinson's. 
I  am  not  of  "cracker"  extraction  (but  would  not  be  ashamed  of  it,  if  I 
were),  and  I  owe  nothing  to  "Old  Glory"  that  I  could  not  more  easily 
have  obtained  under  the  "Stars  and  Bars". 

The  sweeping  away  of  our  hereditary  estate  by  the  Civil  War,  and 
the  misery  to  which  the  family  was  reduced  by  the  Panic  of  1873,  did 
not  contribute  nuiterially  to  my  accunudation  of  a  moderate  compe- 
tence. 

I  don't  see  why  it  should  cau.se  surpri.se  when  I  assert  ichat  the 
North  must  feel  to  be  true.  A  section  that  had  to  be  whipped  back  into 
the  Union,  could  not  humanly  be  expected  to  love  it.  Had  the  people 
of  the  South  been  dealt  with  kindly  after  the  war  was  over,  and  had 
national  legislation  been  just  to  us,  all  might  have  been  different.  But 
we  Avere  subjected  to  such  malignant  mistreatment  after  we  laid  down 
our  arms,  and  we  have  been  .so  unmercifidly  roi)bed  by  New  England 
tariffs,  and  we  have  been  kept  in  such  a  continual  ferment  of  dread  and 
irritation  because  of  the  eternal  negro — that  we  have  not  been  given 
the  chance  to  cultivate  affection  for  those  states  which,  with  invading 
and  destructive  legions,  celebrated  a  bloody  funeral  of  the  democratic 
principle  that  ''■all  free  (jovernment  rests  upon  the  consent  of  the  gor- 
e7med''\ 

I  love  my  country  and  would  fight  and  die  for  it,  as  my  ancestors 
have  done,  from  Revolutionary  times  down  to  the  Sixties:  but  I  don't 
love  the  Federal  Government,  and  I  don't    believe   that   anvbodv    else 


658  Watson's  Jeffersonian  Magazine 

does, — excepting  the  comparatively  few  who  are  running  it  in  their 
own  interest. 

What  has  the  North  done  to  win  our  love? 

They  imported  the  negroes,  sold  them  to  us,  and  then  took  them 
away  from  us  by  force  of  arms.  They  pinned  us  to  the  ground  with 
bayonets,  and  put  the  freed  negro  on  top  of  us.  They  did  their  level 
best  to  legislate  him  into  our  social  system,  as  our  full  social  equal, — 
this  poor,  ignorant,  half-barbarian  from  the  west  coast  of  the  dark 
Continent.  They  have  submerged  us  with  torrents  of  abuse,  and  have 
slandered  us  before  all  the  world  about  "Rebel  Prison  Pens" ;  they  who 
refused  to  come  and  take  away  their  sick  and  wounded  when  the  Con- 
federacy implored  them  to  do  it, — waiting  till  the  broiling  sun,  beating 
down  upon  unsheltered  heads  at  Anderson ville,  had  littered  the  ground 
with  the  dead :  they  who  coldly  refused  to  permit  British  sympathizers 
to  distribute  in  Northern  prisons  the  $75,000  fund  which  had  been 
raised  in  England  for  the  suffering  Confederate  soldiers. 

Love  you  ?  What  have  you  done  to  make  us  love  you  ?  Even  now, 
your  histories  of  the  Civil  War  reek  with  cruel  falsehoods  and  inju- 
rious suppressions  of  fact.  Even  now,  your  Ogden  educational  move- 
ment is  attempting  to  breach  the  wall  which  separates  the  races,  and 
preserves  Caucasian  civilization.  Even  now,  you  are  putting  into  exe- 
cution the  new  law,  framed  at  the  extra  session, — a  law  which,  after  the 
lobby-agent  of  the  New  England  spinners  had  said  they  had  "enough", 
enormously  increased  the  power  to  loot  which  the  Northern  manufac- 
turers enjoy  at  the  expense  of  Southern  cotton-fields. 

Love  you?  When  did  any  people  ever  love  their  oppressors,  their 
traducers,  their  traditional  and  inveterate  foes? 

It  is  a  superficial  student  of  our  national  history  who  does  not 
know  that  the  North  and  the  South  have  always  hated  each  other. 
Moor  and  Spaniard,  Saxon  and  Celt,  Turk  and  Armenian,  Jew  and 
Gentile,  do  not  more  instinctively  and  involuntaril}'  harbor  distrust  and 
dislike.  Does  the  North  love  the  South?  If  it  does,  it  has  a  mighty 
queer  waj^  of  showing  it. 

Only  a  few  years  ago,  Mr.  Joseph  Choate,  United  States  Ambassa- 
dor to  Great  Britain,  had  the  insolence  to  make  a  speech  in  Edinburgh 
in  which  he  went  out  of  his  way  to  malign  the  South.  Owing  to  his 
official  position,  his  address  circulated  throughout  Europe — discredit- 
ing our  ancestors  in  the  eyes  of  all  Christendom. 

Is  it  supposed  that  we  have  no  feelings  that  can  be  hurt  ?  No  indig- 
nation to  be  aroused?  No  resentments  to  be  provoked?  We  are  just 
human,  and  we  feel  keenly  the  insults  and  the  injustice  Avhich  take 
cowardly  advantage  of  our  helplessness. 

And  Avhen  one  of  our  own  men,  fattened  on  fees  paid  by  Northern 
corporations  and  imported  into  the  Cabinet  by  a  Northern  politician, 
goes  to  Gettysburg — of  all  places  in  the  world! — to  stigmatize  the 
memory  of  the  brave  soldiers  who  fought  and  died  for  the  sacred  prin- 
ciple of  Home  Rule,  our  natural  Avrath  is  intensified  and  embittered 
by  a  profound  sense  of  shame. 


A  LADY  MISSIONARY  DEFENDS 
THE  PRESENT  SYSTEM 


IT  18  not  customary  for  magazines  to  [)iiblisli  articles  in  reply  to 
editorials,  but  an  exception  is  cheerfully  made  in  the  case  of  a  West 
Virginia  lady  who  has  been  deeply  grieved  by  the  criticisms  which 
the  Jei'fehsontan  has  leveled  at  the  modern  missionary  methods. 
Miss  Janet  Hay  Houston  appears  for  the  defense.  She  herself  has 
been   a    missionary    for   twenty-five  years.      Her   father,   Rev.    S.   R. 


Houston,  D.  D.,  "gave  his  first  strength 
Other  members  of  her  family  have 
labored  as  evangels  of  Christ  in 
Africa,  Asia  and  Oceanica.  Conse- 
<luently,  Janet  Hay  Houston  has  good 
grounds  for  saying  that  she  knows 
whereof  she  speaks,  when  she  defends 
the  system  which  I  have  been  as- 
sailing. 

Her  letter  impresses  one  as  being 
thoroughly  honest  and  earnest.  It 
reveals  clearly  the  point  of  view  of 
missionary  enthusiasts,  and  discloses 
the  morbid  sentiment  Avhich  inspires 
so  much  of  this  foreign  effort.  It 
furnishes  striking  evidence  of  the 
tendency  which  undisciplined  relig- 
i()U<  zeal  has  ever  had  to  produce  the 
abnoimal  state  of  mind  and  the 
freakish  line  of  conduct.  The  monk 
who  gloried  in  his  hair-cloth  shirt 
and  Hlthy  person;  the  Simeon  Stylites 
roosting  day  and  night,  year  in  and 
year  out,  on  his  lofty  pillar;  the  fakir 
who  thinks  it  increases  his  holiness 
t<»  let  his  finger  nails  grow  a  foot 
long,  while  dirt  covers  his  body  with 
its  coat  of  mail ;  the  fanatic  who  sac- 
rifices his  own  child  upon  the  altar 
of  supposed  religious  duty;  —  these 
are  a  few  examples  of  what  happens 
to  poor,  weak  mortals  when  the  mind 
has  been  warped  out  of  sane,  healthy 
symmetry  by  the  cult  of  some  spe- 
cialty— tlic  hroodhiff  upon  one  idea. 
To  show  how  completely  Janet  Hay 


to  mission  work  in  the  Orient. 


A  TYPICAL   "LITTLE  MOTHER' 


G<^0  Watson's  Jeffersonian  Magazine 

Houston  and  some  of  her  friends  have  left  the  beaten  track  and  be- 
come extremists,  I  take  the  liberty  of  prefacing  her  article  with  the  let- 
ter in  which  she  requests  its  publication : 

"Deab  Mr.  Watson: — I  enclose  my  answer  to  some  of  your  views  on  Foreign 
Missions.  Please  print  it  entire  in  the  Magazine,  and  in  as  large  portions  as  possi- 
ble in  the  Weekly. 

"Some  of  your  warmest  friends,  politically,  are  beginning  to  hang  their  heads 
for  your  stand  on  Foreign  Missions.  One  good  Populist  sister  said  to  me  today: 
'Something  dreadful  will  happen  to  Mr.  Watson  for  the  things  he  is  saying.  He  will 
die  like  Herod — eaten  of  icorms.'    Sincerely,  Miss  Janet  Houston,  Monitor,  W.  Va." 

We  are  living  in  the  Twentieth  Century,  and  we  flatter  ourselves 
that  we  are  emancipated  from  ignorance  and  superstition ;  yet  here  are 
two  intelligent  American  ladies  who  seem  to  believe  that  I  shall  perish 
prematurel3%  and  terribly,  for  giving  expression  to  honest  convictions 
on  a  matter  ivhicli  affords  ample  room  for  differences  of  opinion. 

But  enough  of  preliminary :  let  us  now  read  what  Miss  Houston 
has  to  say  about 

FOREIGN   MISSIONS 

"The  cause  that  has  you,  Mr.  Watson,  for  itschampiou  ,  is  most  fortunate  And 
it  is  equally  true  that  the  cavise  that  has  your  disapprobation,  is  most  unfortunate, 
for  one  and  tlie  same  reason — you  are  not  only  fearless  but  you  are  honest. 

"It  has  been,  therefore,  with  considerable  distress  I  have  read  your  articles  on 
Foreign  Missions  extending  through  six  months  or  more  of  your  issues. 

"Belonging  to  a  family  whose  history  can  be  said  to  be  coincident  with  that  of 
Foreign  Missions  for  a  century,  I  claim  some  right  to  a  certain  knowledge  of  the  sub- 
ject. In  the  early  thirties  of  the  last  century  my  father,  Rev.  S.  R.  Houston,  D.  D., 
gave  his  first  strength  to  Foreign  Missions  in  Greece,  Asia  Minor,  Egypt  and  lands 
contiguous. 

"Rev.  M.  H.  Houston,  D.  D.,  later  gave  unusual  gifts  of  intellect  to  a  long  service 
in  China. 

"The  white  headstone  at  the  grave  of  young  Samuel  Lasley  on  the  banks  of  the 
Congo  did  its  great  share  in  the  opening  of  the  great  Congo  region  to  the  humanity 
of  missions.  Laying  its  hand  at  the  present  speaking  on  the  cruel,  iniquitous  work 
of  Leopold  of  Belgiimi  in  the  rubber  trade. 

"For  nearly  thirty  years  I  have  personally  been  in  connection  with  foreign  mis- 
sion work  in  botn  Mexico  and  Cuba,  not  to  mention  other  younger  and  stronger  spir- 
its of  our  family  who  are  actually  at  work  in  China,  Japan  and  Cuba.  For  these 
things  I  claim  a  right  to  speak  intelligently  on  the  subject. 

"Your  first  article  on  Foreign  Missions,  I  believe,  appeared  in  the  Weekly  of 
December  17,  1908,  under  tlie  heading,  'By  What  Right?'  In  it  you  ask  'By  what 
moral  right  do  we  educate  heathen  children,  when  our  own  little  ones  are  slaving  out 
their  lives  in  the  mill,  or  in  the  field  or  in  the  sweat-shop?'  'The  American  dollar 
that  goes  abroad  to  buy  food,  raiment,  fuel,  medicine  and  school  books  for  tlie  chil- 
dren of  heathen  peoples  is  a  dollar  that  is  misapplied,'  etc. 

"You  are  not  opposed  to  Foreign  ]\Iissions,  for  later  in  the  Magazine  of  April, 
1909,  you  say,  'We  hope  that  our  position  will  not  be  misunderstood  nor  misrepre- 
sented— loe  heartily  favor  Foreign  Missions'  But  you  want  it  'limited  to  preaching 
the  Gospel.' — Magazine  January,  1909. 

"It  may  be  gratifying  to  you  to  learn  that  for  the  last  decade  or  more  there  has 
been  a  steady  trend  against  indiscriminate  use  of  foreign  money  on  mission  ground. 
In  the  first  days  of  foreign  mission  work,  wlien  the  churcli  confronted  the  appalling 
helplessness  of  paganism,  it  was  most  natural  that  her  sjTnpathies  stretched  out  on 
every  line  of  help.  I  can  just  imagine  what  you  would  have  dqne,  Mr.  Watson, 
standing  amid  the  child-widows  of  India,  the  wailing  of  the  foot-bound  children  of 


1 


Defends  Present  System 


061 


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'^^^iiam 

iii 

^^^^H|HPtt9*"':C^- 

K  '^ ' '  iHEll^^Hl 

A  GLASS  FACTORY  AT  NIGHT 


China  or  looking  into  the  terrified  faces  of  African  women  as  they  faced  a  living 
grave.  Oli,  what  billions  of  money  such  a  big  heart  as  yours  would  have  wasted  on 
Foreign  Missions! 

"The  sjTnpathies  of  the  church  are  just  as  tender  today,  but  as  to  the  use  of  for- 
eign money  in  mission  fields,  there  is  a  united  effort  to  put  it  in  where  it  propagates 
self-help. 

"Why  schools?  Why  hospitals?  If  I  was  walking  by  a  river  and  saw  a  mob  of 
men  throw  a  man  bound  hand  and  foot  into  the  water,  and  contrived  to  rescue  him ; 
after  I  got  him  out  what  would  1  do  with  him  ?  Cut  his  bonds  and  leave  him  to  the 
mob  ?  You  say  preach  the  Gospel  and  there  the  church's  duty  ends.  Christ  preached 
the  Gospel  but  He  also  healed  and  fed. 

"To  know  the  real  spirit  of  boycotting  one  has  to  see  a  convert  to  Cliristianity 
among  pagans,  it  extends  to  every  function  of  his  being.  Tiie  Roman  Catholic 
apostate  when  excommunicated  is  cursed  in  the  entirety  of  that  church's  anathema. 
Every  organ  of  iiis  body  in  his  body  is  enumerated  in  the  gruesome  curses  pronounced 
by  the  priest  in  the  public  hearing  of  his  assembled  fellows.  In  pagan  lands  the 
same  thing  occur.s — converts  become  objects  of  hate  and  dread.  What  are  you  going 
to  do  with  these  helpless  objects  of  hate?  If  they  arc  sick,  you  must  care  for  them. 
If  hungry,  you  must  feed  them.  If  helpless,  you  must  equip  them  for  life's  battle. 
Hence  hospitals  and  schools,  especially  industrial  schools. 

"The  sine  qua  non  of  entrance  to  many  mission  sciiools  in  China  is  unbound 
feet.  That  alone  would  justify  their  existence.  Mr.  Watson,  you  would  not  need  to 
stand  but  half  an  hour  in  a  Chinese  community,  listening  to  the  wails  of  the  little 
girls  of  China  over  their  bound,  festering  feet,  to  convert  you  to  schools,  for  girls  at 
least,  there.  1  would  give  you  just  a  quarter  of  an  hour  for  a  similar  conversion  to 
the  necessity  of  schools  in  India  if  you  could  visit  professionally  with  a  woman  doc- 
tor among  the  child-v/idows  of   India,  whose  condition  only  devils  could  originate. 

"I  think  vou  have  lost  sight  of  the  fact  that  missions  and  mission  money  exist 
not  to  eiiricli  or  upbuild  heathen  nations  as  such,  but  FOR  TIIE  ESTAIiLIHUMENT 
OF  THE  KiyODOM  OF  CHIflKT,  of  which  eventually  some  part  of  'every  nation' 
shall   form  an  integral   part. — Rev..  o:j». 

"Yet  true  mission  work  does  not  expatriate  its  converts.  Rather  it  endeavors  to 
give  them  back,  regenerated,  to  each  several  people,  to  'leaven  the  whole  lump.' 

"You  base  your  claim  for  your  method  of  carrying  on  Foreign  Missions  o»  what 


GG2 


Watson's  Jeffersonian  Magazine 


Christ  said  to  His  disciples  before  His  ascension.  You  say  in  your  Magazine  for 
April,  1909,  'What  does  the  Bible  command  us  Christians  to  do?'  Jesus  issued  the 
order,  'Go  among  the  heathen  and  preach  to  them.'  'Carry  neither  scrip  nor  purse.' 
What  Christ  said  to  His  disciples  on  foreign  missions  just  before  His  ascension, 
which  you  quote  as  final,  was  a  mere  codicil  to  what  He  had  been  teacliing  them 
through  three  years.  He  had  told  in  their  hearing  the  parable  of  the  Good  Samari- 
tan— Luke,  10:25-37,  in  which  a  good  deal  of  Samaritan  money  and  hospital  work 
is  expended  on  the  Jew.  And  they  had  heard  Him  in  conclusion,  'GO  THOU  A^D 
DO  LIKEWISE.' 

"They,  too,  had  seen  their  ISIaster  three  years  'GOING  ABOUT  DOING  GOOD', 
stretching  out  the  same  loving  hand  to  feed  and  to  heal  as  well  as  to  save,  and  we 
find  that  they  learned  their  lesson  well.  Feeding,  healing  and  saving  seem  to  have 
l)een  the  genius  of  their  method.  And  its  necessity  was  later  recognized  by  St.  Paul, 
who  in  the  rigors  of  the  shipwreck  counseled  the  crew  to  eat,  and  later  reaching  the 
Island  of  Melita  healed  Publius  and  'others  also  which  had  diseases  in  the  island'. — 
Acts,  28:9. 

"He  who  said  at  one  time  'carry  neither  scrip  nor  purse'  also  said  to  the  same 
disciples  at  another,  'Now  he  that  hath  a  purse,  let  him  take  it,  and  likewise  his 
scrip',  etc.— Luke,  22:35-36. 

"The  parallel  you  run  for  the  church's  work  in  foreign  lands  with  the  mission 
work  of  St.  Paul  loses  its  force  when  the  character  of  the  two  fields  is  contrasted. 
St.  Paul's  mission  work  lay  in  Jewish  colonies  and  among  the  cultured  Greeks  and 
Romans  of  his  day,  all  of  which  were  already  possessed  of  just  such  secular  learn- 
ing as  Jerusalem  could  have  offered  them.  There  was  absolutely  no  call  for  schools  or 
other  environment  for  His  converts  than  were  already  in  their  reach.  Remember,  Mr. 
Watson,  the  mission  field  in  Paul's  day  icas  pagan,  hut  it  was  civilized.  Tlie  intel- 
lectual culture  in  some  places  was  in  some  respects  higher  than  that  of  the  Jewish. 
And  the  Jewish  colonies,  which  so  largely  predominate  in  Paiil's  mission  field,  were 
already  tj-ained  in  all  the  moral  teachings  of  the  Jctrs. 

"If  Paul  had  presumed  to  establish  secular  schools  in  Athens,  Rome  or  Corinth, 
it  would  have  been  'taking  coals  to  Newcastle'.  Possessed  of  learning,  what  they 
needed  was  the  simple  Gospel.  Compare  for  one  instant  the  Congo  tribes  witli  the 
Athenians,  or  the  Chinese  with  the  Corinthians,  and  you  will  see  as  a  parallel  for  our 
modern  mission  work  it  is  worth  nothing. 

"You  will  perhaps  be  surprised  to  know  that  those  individuals  and  churches  that 
are  wasting  most  Koney  on  Foreign  Missions  are  the  chief  supporters  of  Home  Mis- 
sion work.  This  is  a  fact  that  has  only  to  be  investigated  to  be  proved.  The  loudest 
anti-Foreign  Mission  talker  does  little  or  nothing  for  Home  Missions,  while  those 
interested  in  the  salvation  of  the  world  are  always  alive  to  the  needy  at  their  door. 
Many  a  church  that  has  thought  it  could  not  spare  anything  abroad,  after  being 
induced  to  give  to  Foreign  Missions,  has  found  out  it  has  more  for  home  calls.  This 
is  onl}'^  one  of  the  many  seeming  paradoxes  of  our  Christian  religion.  'There  is  that 
scattereth  and  yet  increaseth.' — Prov.,   11:24. 

"If  you  desire  Home  Missions  to  flourish,  beware  and  do  not  cut  tlie  tap  root  of 
Foreign  Missions  in  the  churches. 

"I  am  not  quite  sure,  Mr.  Watson,  of  your  sjonpatliy  in  any  degree  with  Foreign 
Missions.     Else  you  could  not  have  written  such  a  paragraph  as  tiiis: 

"  'To  teach  and  preach  abroad  is  about  the  same  now  as  teaching  and  preacliing 
here.  To  run  the  hospital  and  boss  the  commissarj^  is  no  more  fatiguing  in  Soutli 
America  and  the  Orient  tlian  it  is  in  Europe  or  America.  Dearly  beloved!  Don't 
wee])  any  more  over  the  hard  life  of  the  foreign  missionary.  The  cliances  are  that 
he  is  having  a  much  better  time  than  yourself.  He  wears  up-to-date  habiliments, 
lives  on  appetizing  viands,  has  comfortable  and  roomy  quarters,  smokes  good  cigars 
when  lie  wants  to,  and  has  a  corking  time  generally.'     May  Magazine.  lOOO. 

"If  you  were  in  possession  of  a  handful  of  facts  that  any  missiotiaiy  could  give 
you,  you  would  hlush  at  yovr  ignorance  and  weep  over  yovr  criirlly! 

"Missionaries  as  a  class  are  not  given  to  magnify  their  difliculties.  ^Most  of 
them,  like  Paul,  object  thus  'to  speak  as  a  fool'. 

"Hunt  up  a  book  called  'The  Bishop's  Conversion',  and  read  it.     It  will  answer 


Defends  Present  System  <^^':> 

you  better  tluui   1  laii.      \«u  <a\\   liiul  u  eojiy  in  tlie  library  of  Westminster   Presby- 
terian Church,  in  your  eily. 

'"1  am  not  siir|irise(l  you  have  readied  some  of  your  conclusions  when  your  in- 
formants supplied  you  with  such  statements  as  this:  'When  the  rations  to  the  con- 
verts were  cut  olV  the  converts  lost  interest  in  the  Christian  faith.'  Tiiis  'noble  nuvn', 
as  you  call  him.  slmuld  have  i)een  recalled  in  his  early  work  for  lending'  his  help  to 
such  unworthy  methods  of  work.  He  seems  €o  be  quite  'oiit  of  it'  and  lias  not  even 
by  the  hearin*;:  of  the  ear  participated  in  the  modern  chapters  of  mission  work  that 
have  furnished  sublime  martyr  heroism  in  native  converts  in  China,  India,  Mada- 
gascar. Africa,  Japan,  .Mexico  and  other  lands,  where  men  and  women  are  already 
enrolled  in  the  "glorious  comi>any  of  the  martyrs. 

"You  say  the  heroic  ajje  of  missions  is  past.  Is  it  a  grievance  to  you,  Mr.  Wat- 
son, tluit  our  missionaries  no  lont;er  cross  the  seas  in  ill-smelling  schooners?  And 
that  they  can  in  some  places  lengthen  life  and  save  church  money  by  getting  some 
of  the  comforts  of  life  in  food  and  houses?  Do  we  protestants  believe  there  is  virtue 
in  physical  suflering? 

"It  Avill  be  gratityini;  to  you  to  know  tluil  tli(  re  are  still  some  chances  for  the 
missionary  to  be  eaten  of  cannibals:  that  civili/ation  cannot  reduce  the  temperature 
of  India's  suns  or  greatly  lessen  the  probabilities  of  hematuric  fever  on  the  Congo. 
Fine  opportunities  still  exist  to  be  poisoned  in  several  fields  in  South  America  and 
Mexico,  to  say  nothing  of  the  joys  of  exjiatriation  spent  in  years  of  service  anif- 
where  in  Christless  knids.  In  an  environment  of  darkness,  mental,  moral  and  social, 
that  has  to  he  felt  to  he  iDidcrstood ;  one  week  of  whicli  would  revolutionize  your 
theories  of  missions  and  missionaries  and  convert  you  to  an  anient  crusade  just  the 
opposite  of  the  one  you  have  recently  come  out  on.     . 

"I  would  urge  you,  Mr.  Watson,  in  your  own  words,  to  'stir  the  (luestion!  h'X- 
AMlNi:  BOTH  SIDES: — April  Macjazink,  1909.  For  1  am  quite  sure  of  gaining  a 
red-hot  partisan  for  missions  as  thri/  me  noir  canied  on  by  experienced,  godly  men 
in  all  the  evangelical  churches. 

"Jankt  Hay  Hoi  .stox. 
"Missionary  to  Mexico  and   Cuba   tlmnigli  more  Hum   twenty-five  years,  and  still   in 

the  work." 

What  arc  Ave  to  think,  when  a  hidy  of  a  high  order  of  intelligence — 
a  lady  who  is  consecrating  her  life  to  the  moral  and  spiritual  better- 
ment of  her  fellow  creatures. — tells  us.  seriously  and  deliberately,  that 
the  work  of  abolishing  the  Chinese  custom  of  binding  the  feet  of  young 
girls  would  of  itself  justify  modern  missionary  methods? 

As  I  understand  it,  the  common  people  of  China  do  not  practice  the 
habit  of  compressing  the  feet  of  their  daughters.  The  rich  people  do 
that. — those  who  constitute  Society  and  who  go  in  for  style.  Why 
should  the  peoi)le  of  this  country  send  missionaries  to  China  to  change 
the  fashions  there?  (iood  heavens!  have  our  Society  folks  got  no  bad 
habits?  Did  Miss  Houston  read  the  testimony  of  Howard  Gould's 
wife  in  the  divorce  case,  and  reflect  ujx)!!  what  that  Society  queen  had 
to  say  about  high  life  among  our  fashi()nal)le  rich?  lias  Miss  Hous- 
ton no  concern  for  the  whiskey  drinking  and  gambling  that  have  be- 
come the  fashion  with  our  Smart  Set?  Or  for  evils  of  high-heeled 
shoes,  and  decollette  gowns?  Do  our  girls  never  compre.ss  f/wir  little 
tootsy-Avootsies?  Or  catch  the  cold  which  leads  to  pneumonia  or  con- 
sumption, by  going  to  social  functions  half-naked? 

The  artificial  production  of  small  feet  in  China  is  prescribed  by 
social  convention:  have  we  no  conventionalities,  unwritten  but  uni- 
versal and  inexorable,  that  do  our  girls  and  women  more  harm  than  is 


6G4 


Watson's  Jeffersonian  Magazine 


^M 


THE  MODERN  IDEAL 
I-ORM,"     FROM     AN 

ADVERTISEMENT 
-  Life  and  Health  Magazine 


done  Chinese  girls  by  compressing  their  feet?  Whether  we  have  or 
not,  it  is  certainly  a  queer  construction  of  Christ's  commands  as  to 
Foreign  Missions  to  say,  that  it  is  a  religious  duty  of  ours  to  go  abroad 
among  the  nations  that  vre  class  as  pagan,  and  take  their  feet  into  our 
prayers,  meditations,  contributions  and  pious  ministrations. 

There  are  no  vital  organs  in  the  foot,  and  the  abuse  of  it  by  tight 
shoes  or  cruel  bandages  does  not  entail  any  disastrous  consequences 
upon  the  children, — does  not  strike  at  the  future 
well-being  of  the  race.  But  with  us  Christians 
in  America,  the  unrelenting  laws  of  fashion  not 
only  victimize  the  women,  but  visit  their  evils 
upon  the  children. 

Fashion  demands  the  small  round  waist,  and 
our  stylish  ladies  do  their  level  best,  braving 
the  tortures  of  the  corset,  to  make  themselves  re- 
semble two-legged  hour-glasses.  Nature  never 
gave  a  well  made  woman  a  round  waist,  nor  a 
small  one.  God  intended  the  child-bearer  to 
have  room  for  the  vital  organs, — for  the  facile 
performance  of  her  sex-duty  of  perpetuating 
the  race.  The  Chinese  custom  which  excites 
so  much  horror  in  Miss  Houston,  does  not  in 
any  degree  interfere  with  the  functions  of  moth- 
erhood. But  the  European  custom  of  corset 
wearing  compresses  the  liver,  contracts  the  ribs, 

obstructs  healthy  respiration,  and  presses  the  stomach  down  on  the  in- 
testines.   As  stated  in  a  recent  number  of  the  most  excellent  magazine^ 

Life  and  Health,  "God  put  the  stom- 
ach between  the  ribs.  Women  have 
crowded  it  down  among  the  lower  ab- 
dominal viscera." 

Here  involved,  are  the  vital  organs 
upon  which  the  whole  future  of  our 
race  is  dependent, — yet  Miss  Houston 
expresses  no  concern  for  her  white 
sisters  who  are  the  victims  of  this 
murderous  social  convention,  but  is 
passionately  sympathetic  with  the  lit- 
tle yellow  damsels  whose  feet  are- 
being  squeezed,  in  conformity  with  a 
vicious  canon  of  Chinese  fashion !  Is^ 
it  not  astonishing  ?  Is  it  not  lamenta- 
ble ?  These  missionary  enthusiasts  can  discern  a  gnat  on  a  barndoor  in 
heathendom,  but  can't  see  the  barn  itself,  if  it  happens  to  be  located  in. 
Christendom. 

A  prominent  physician,  quoted  by  Health  and  Life,  says  that  the- 
manner  in  which  fashion  compels  ladies  to  dress,  "affects  injuriously 
the  health  of  fifty  or  sixty  millions  of  people,  physically,  mentally,  and. 
morallv"'. 


[.    NORMAL    FIGURE 
i.    CORSETED   FIGURE 
;.    DEFORMITY    PRODUCED   BY 
CORSET 

—  Life  and  Health  Magazine 


Defends  Present  System  CG5 

One  of  the  most  beautiful  women  I  ever  knew,  a  slave  to  fashion, 
died  in  child-birth,  from  no  other  cause  than  that  her  style  of  dress  had 
made  it  impossible  for  Nature  to  perform  its  oflice  at  the  crisis  of  her 
hfe.  How  many  such  tragedies  result  from  our  fashionable  customs? 
Let  Miss  Houston  have  a  confidential  talk  with  some  old  family  doc- 
tor: he  will  open  her  eyes. 

The  savage  woman,  who  has  worn  little  or  no  clothing,  bears  her 
child  with  about  as  much  ease  as  the  average  cow  calves.  She  pays  no 
awful  penalty  of  pain  for  perpetuating  her  species — for  doing  that 
which  God  formed  her  to  do.  No  Savage  nation  demands  of  its  women 
obedience  to  a  ^''StyW''  which  makes  motherhood  a  martyrdom.  No 
heathen  nation  does  it.  We  Christians  do  it,  persisting  in  the  frightful 
system  which  curses  both  mother  and  children — and  our  merciful  re- 
formers betake  themselves  to  heathen  lands  to  alter  usage  less  harmful 
than  some  which  they  leave  behind.  China  is  not 
threatened  with  Race  Suicide — nor  is  Japan,  Afri- 
ca, or  Hindustan.  It  is  Christendom  which  is 
menaced  by  that  peril,  if  any  part  of  the  world  is. 
And  why?  Because  the  women  of  our  fashionable 
classes  refuse  to  mother  large  families.  And  again, 
why?  Because  of  the  danger  to  the  lives  of  the 
women,  and  because  large  families  interfere  with 
social  dissipations.  It  is  the  poor  whites  of  Eu- 
rope and  America  that  are  proparjatinci  the  Cau- 
casian race.  If  that  duty  devolved  uj^on  the  rich 
and  the  fashionable  only,  there  would,  indeed,  he 
danger  of  Race  Suicide. 

Has  Miss  Houston  ever  given  any  attention  to 
Infant  mortality  in  this  Christian  land  of  ours? 
Let  me  suggest  that  she  read  up  on  that  subject. 
When  she  has  learned  of  the  almost  incredible 
number  of  inft.\nts,  our  hahies.  that  perish  for  lack  the  'straight  front- 

-»       1       -  J.  •,,         p-.ii-  ■■         i.  i    —Life  and  Health  Magazine 

of  rresh  air,  or  pure  milk,  or  intelligent  treatment, 
she  will  be  appalled.  Think  of  our  letting  more  than  500,000  of  the  in- 
fants annually  wilt  and  wither  and  die,  right  before  our  eyes,  suffo- 
cated by  the  heat,  frozen  by  the  cold,  poisoned  by  impure  air  and  food. 
Oh,  the  warped,  perverted  sense  of  Christian  duty  which  banishes  from 
among  us  such  noble  women  as  Janet  Houston,  when  humanity  cries 
for  them  so  piteously  in  every  American  city! 

The  bound,  festering  feet  are  very  painful,  no  doubt;  but  what  of 
the  festering  eyes  occasioned  as  the  direct  result  of  the  "social  eviP' 
liere?  Called  by  the  polite  name  of  opthahnia  neoiitomm,  but  in  real- 
ity, gonorrheal  infection,  thousands  of  babies  are  literally  blinded  at 
birth.  Some  of  these  are  saved  from  this  horrible  fate  by  medical 
science,  but  it  is  only  recently  that  this  has  been  done ;  and  the  record 
would  reach  into  millions  of  white-eyeballed,  sightless  wretches,  if  the 
further  awful  record  of  infant  mortality  did  not  keep  the  statistics  of 


(;(".(; 


Watson's  Jeffersonian  Magazine 


l)reventable  blindness  down.  That  is,  preventable  hj  wiping  out  pros- 
titution, which  is  the  greatest  curse  to  our  land  today.  Our  "red-light" 
districts  reek  with  loathsome  disease,  our  heedless  boj's  and  vicious  men 
become  infected  and,  in  turn,  infect  innocent  wives  and  damn  at  birth 
their  innocent  children. 

Does  Miss  Houston  know  the  gynecological  statistics  of  the  United 
States?  Does  she  know  the  invalids  and  the  surgical  butcheries  made 
necessary  because  the  innocent  woman  suffers,  along  with  the  prosti- 
tute, the  invasion  of  a  jDus-producing  germ  that  is  communicated 
through  the  sj^read  of  the  malignant  gonococci? 


Miss  Houston  commiserates  the  sad  lot  of  the  "'child-widows"  of 
India.  Here  we  have  another  National  custom.  Puberty  is  reached 
at  a  very  early  age  among  Hindus,^ — so  much  so  that  marriages  are  con- 

s  u  m  m  a  t  e  d     Avhen 

some  of  the  Avives 
appear  to  us  to  l^e 
nothing  more  than 
children.  But  in 
what  respect  is  the 
condition  of  a  Hin- 
du widow  peculiar- 
ly distressing?  The 
English  put  a  stop 
to  the  sacrifice  of 
her  life  at  the  fu- 
neral of  her  lord. 
But,  thus  far.  the 
English  have  been 
afraid  to  interfere 
with  the  Hindu  mar- 
r  i  a  g  e  customs. 
SWEAT-SHOP  LABOR  ON  POSTAL  UNIFORMS  American     w  o  m  e  n 

seem  to  be  more  concerned  about  them  than  anybody  else.  These 
well-meaning  ladies  might  easih^  find  all  the  home-employment  they 
need,  if  they  would  make  their  investigations  in  their  own  country. 
We  ourselves  have  child-wives  and  "child-widows".  Worse  yet,  we 
have  middle-aged  and  elderly  widows,  poor  and  friendless,  whose  lot 
is  so  dreadfully  hard  that  nothing  in  Hindustan  could  be  worse, — the 
sweat-shop  w'idow,  plying  the  needle  all  day  long,  every  daj'^  in  the 
year,  to  get  the  bread  to  fill  the  mouths  of  the  hungry  little  brood  of 
children ;  the  factory  widow,  whose  life  is  a  dull  round  of  hopeless  toil 
— herself  dragged  down  by  unmerciful  poverty,  and  her  children  sub- 
merged with  her. 

To  convince  Miss  Houston  that  there  are  child-widows  in  her  home- 
land whose  poverty  may  plunge  them  into  deeper  perdition  than  India 
knows,  I  take  an  extract  from  a  pamphlet  on  the  ^Vliite  Slave  traffic, 
prepared  by  Harry  A.  Parkin,  Assistant  District  Attorney,  Chicago: 


Defends  Present  System  GG7 

"A  very  few  days  ayo  tliis  pitiful  case  was,  in  an  ollifial  way,  brought  to  my  at- 
ttntion.  A  little  (Jernian  jjirl  in  JJulValo  married  a  man  who  deserted  her  about  tlie 
time  lier  ehild  was  born,  tier  baby  is  now  about  ei<,dit  months  old.  Almost  imme- 
diately after  her  iiusband  ran  away  she  formed  tiie  acquaintance  of  an  enf^aginj; 
young  man  wiio  claimed  to  take  deep  interest  in  her  welfare,  and  that  of  a  certiiin 
girl  friend  of  iiers.  lie  persuaded  them  both  tliat  if  they  would  accompany  him  to  Chi- 
cago he  would  immediately  jdace  them  in  employment  wliich  would  be  far  more  prof- 
itable than  anytliing  they  could  obtain  in  BulValo.  Supposing  that  the  work  await- 
ing her  was  entirely  legitimate  and  respectable,  the  little  mother  took  her  baby  and, 
in  company  with  the  young  man  and  her  friend,  came  to  Chicago.  The  next  task  of 
this  hunum  tiend  was  to  persuade  this  'child-widow'  that  it  would  be  nece.s.sary  for 
lier  to  i)lace  iier  baby  temporarily  in  a  foundling's  home  in  order  that  it  might  not. 
interfere  with  her  employmenl.  This  accomplished,  he  took  the  two  young  women  at. 
once  to  a  notorious  house  and  sold  them  into  white  slavery.  Thenceforth  this  fellow 
has  lived  in  luxury  upon  the  shameful  earnings  of  these  two  victims.  The  young; 
mother  has  attempted  by  every  means  imaginable  to  escape  from  his  clutches  and  at 
last  has  importuned  him  into  a  promise  to  release  his  hold  upon  her  on  the  payment 
of  $300.  She  is  still  'working  out'  the  price  of  her  release.  It  is  scarcely  too  much 
to  say  that  she  looks  twice  her  age." 

I  earnestly  beseech  Miss  Houston  to  write  for  information  to  The 
Wo?na7i''s  Wo)-hl  newspaper,  of  St.  Louis,  or  to  Edward  W.  Sims,  U.  S. 
District  Attorney,  Chicago.  If  the  facts  which  she  wnll  thus  have 
learned  do  not  cause  her  to  dedicate  the  remainder  of  her  beautiful  life 
to  the  rescue  of  her  Christian  sisters  from  the  hell-holes  of  our  Christ- 
ian cities,  it  will  be  a  marvel. 

AAHiile  Miss  Houston  and  others  inspired  by  similar  motives  have 
been  "saving  China  for  Christ",  and  worrying  about  the  usual  and  cus- 
tomary condition  of  the  Chinese  girls  of  high  degree,  it  has  remained 
for  the  civil  authorities  to  haul  up  sharply  the  "Mission  Homes"  wh;ch. 
in  America,  receive  the  young  immigrant  girls,  and  75  per  cent,  of 
whom,  according  to  the  published  statement  of  U.  S.  Commissioner 
AVilliams,  have  been  engaged  in  the  holy  practice  of  enveigling  these 
girls  from  the  espionage  of  the  officials,  under  plea  of  caring  for  them 
in  i)ious  surroundings,  and  then  selling  them  to  vile  dens  at  from  $10  to 
$15  apiece  !  How  can  !Miss  Houston  claim  that  these  missionaries  are  all 
fired  with  evangelical  motives,  when  the  condition  of  aifairs  in  the  mis- 
sions of  New  York  has  just  been  exposed  as  one  of  the  most  unnatural 
and  hideous  schemes  of  pandering  ever  invented? 

And,  while  young  girls  from  other  lands  are  bestialized  by  American 
brutes,  our  own  girls  are  sent  to  Panama  and  other  points  for  the  same 
purpose. 

Some  weeks  ago  a  negro  who  signed  himself  "John  Franklin"-'' 
wrote  me  from  Tifton,  Ga.,  a  letter  in  which  he  stated  that  he  had  a 
white  wife  whom  he  had  bought  out  of  a  group  of  twenty-five  that 
Avfere  offered  for  sale  in  Chicago,  and  that  she  was  the  third  white 
"wife"  that  he  had  purchased.  Upon  making  inquiry  of  prominent 
men  in  Chicago.  I  was  told  that  there  was  rea.son  to  believe  that  the 
negro  had  told  the  truth.  There  is  a  startling  corroboration  of  Frank- 
ling's  statement  furnished  by  Mrs.  Ophelia  Amigh,  Superintendent  Il- 
linois Training  School  for  Girls.    She  writes: 


Defends  Present  System  '•*»•> 

••Almost  at  tl.e  In-innin-  of  ...y  c-xporience  I  received  a  peneiled  note  wl.icli  1 
have  kept  on  my  desk  as  a  stimulus  to  my  euerjjies  and  my  watel.fulnoss  alon-  the 
line  of  checkmatinfj  the  wmk  of  the  white  slavers.  It  is  very  l.n-f  ami  U'r_^^^-^nM 
what  a  story  it  tells!     Here  is  a  copy  of    it-with    the    substitution    ol    a    L.titious 

name : 

••'Ellen  Holmes  has  Ik  en  sold   for  $50.00  to 

Madame  Hlank's  house  at .\niiour  avenue.' 

'•The  statement  was  true— and  the  man  who  .sold  her  and  the  woman  who  buu-ht 
her  were  both  sent  to  the  state  penitentiary  as  a  penalty  for  (he  tnuisiution ! 

Afraiii : 

'•Tiie  disfj^raeeful  facts  are  these: 

Some  05,000  clauohlcrs  of  Anuriran  l,n,n,.  and  15,000  alien  ;,irls  arc  the  prey 
each  year  of  procurers  in  this  traffic,  accordiny  to  authoritalive  estimates  hven 
marriage  is  used  as  one  of  the  diabolical  methods  of  eapluriuy  girlhood  and  young 
womanhood  and  'breaking  them  in'  to  a  life  of  shame. 

"They  are  hunted,  trapped  .in  a  thousand  nays;   (rapped,   uuiy -broken,  sold 
sold  for  less  than  hogs!— and  held  in  white  slavery  norse  than  death. 

"The  daughters  of  all  of  us,  our  sisters,  even  our  wives  are  looked  upon  as  prey 
for  the  white  slave  traffic." 

Inexperienced  country  girls,  lured  to  the  cities  by  promises  of  good 
positions;  heedless  and  impulsive  girls,  trapped  into  run-away  fake 
marriages;  trustful  citv  girls,  who  visit  ice-cream  parlors  and  unsus- 
l)ectingly  eat  or  drink  that  which  has  been  ''fixed''  for  their  ruin;  for- 
eio-n  crirls,  who  land  in  this  country  and  find  themselves  among  the 
ra^Aenrng  wolves  that  are  ever  on  the  prowl.— these  are  typical  victims 
of  the  white  slaver.  Once  decoyed  into  the  house  of  prostitution,  there 
is  no  escape. 

In  those  dens  of  horror  thev  are  sold  to  all  men  who  can  pay  the 
price— young  men  or  old,  clean  or  unclean,  healthy  and  diseased,  black 
or  white.  Hope  dies,  vouth  fades,  strength  departs,  cocaine  and  whis- 
kev  fold  the  once  lovelv  and  innocent  girl  in  their  tightening  coils,  and 
the  poor  hideous  hag,— no  longer  fit  for  the  business,— is  drugged,  and 
shoved  into  outer  darkness,  and  her  place  filled  with  another  trapped 
victim,  and  another  and  another ! 

How  our  noble  Christian  women  can  rest  in  peace  while  this  dia- 
bolical traffic  is  going  on;  how  it  is  that  they  can  go  gadding  about  the 
foreign  world,  ministering  to  black  women  in  Africa,  brown  women  in 
Hind'iistan  and  vellow  women  in  China,— when  there  is  so  much  of 
agonizing  tragedy  at  their  own  doors,  is  difficult  to  understand. 
^  It  is  a  horrible  thing  when  you  think  of  it— that  your  own  sister  or 
daughter,  going  to  pav  a  visit  to  some  friend  in  one  of  our  big  cities, 
might,  out  of  sheer  lack  of  experience  and  suspicion,  disappear  from 
i/our  life  forever,  or  l)e  re.scued  in  some  chance  police-raid  and  be  re- 
turned to  you  in  such  plight  that  you'd  rather  see  her  in  her  grave. 
Mrs.  Ophelia  Amigh  writes: 

"\9  one  whose  daily  duty  it   is  to  deal  with  wayward  and  fallen  girls,  as  one 
who  has  had  to  dig  down  into  the  sordi.l  and  revolting  details  of  thousands  of  these 


670  Watson's  Jeffersonian  Magazine 

sad  cases  (for  I  have  spent  the  best  part  of  my  life  in  this  line  of  work),  let  me  say 
to  such  mothers: 

"In  this  day  and  age  of  the  world  no  young  girl  is  safe!  And  all  young  gii'ls 
icho  are  not  surroitnded  by  the  alert,  constant  and  intelligent  protection  of  those  icho 
love  them  nnselfishly  are  in  imminent  and  deadly  peril.  And  the  more  beautiful  and 
attractive  they  are.  the  greater  is  their  peril!" 

Giving  the  history  of  a  tj'pical  case,  Hon.  E.  W.  Sims  writes: 

"Among  the  'white  slaves'  captured  in  raids  since  the  appearance  of  my  first  ar- 
ticle is  a  girl  who  is  now  about  eighteen  years  of  age.  Her  home  was  in  France, 
and  when  she  was  only  fourteen  years  old  she  was  approached  by  a  'white  slaver' 
who  promised  her  employment  in  America  as  a  lady's  maid  or  companion.  The  wage 
offered  was  far  beyond  what  she  could  expect  to  get  in  her  own  covmtry — but  far  more 
alluring  to  her  than  the  money  she  could  earn  was  the  picture  of  the  life  which 
would  be  hers  in  free  America.  Her  surroundings  would  be  luxurious;  she  would  be 
the  constant  recipient  of  gifts  of  dainty  clothing  from  her  mistress,  and  even  the 
hardest  work  she  would  be  called  upon  to  do  would  be  in  itself  a  pleasure  and  an 
excitement. 

"On  arriving  in  Chicago  she  was  taken  to  the  house  of  ill-fame  to  which  she  had 
been  sold  by  the  procurer.  There  this  child  of  fourteen  was  qviickly  and  unceremo- 
niously 'broken  in'  to  the  hideous  life  of  depravity  for  which  she  had  been  entrapped. 
The  white  slaver  who  sold  her  was  able  to  drive  a  most  profitable  bargain,  for  she 
was  rated  as  imcommonly  attractive.  In  fact,  he  made  her  life  of  shame  a  perpetual 
source  of  income,  and  when — not  long  ago — he  was  captured  and  indicted  for  the  im- 
portation of  other  girls,  this  girl  was  used  as  the  agency  of  providing  him  with 
$2,000  for  his  defense. 

"But  let  us  look  for  a  moment  at  the  mentionable  facts  of  this  cliild's  daily  rou- 
tine of  life  and  see  if  such  an  existence  justifies  the  use  of  the  term  'slavery'.  After 
she  had  furnished  a  night  of  servitude  to  the  brutal  passions  of  vile  frequenters  of 
the  place,  she  was  compelled  each  morning  to  put  off  her  tawdry  costume,  array 
herself  in  the  garb  of  a  scrub-woman  and,  on  her  hands  and  knees,  scrub  the  house 
from  top  to  bottom.  No  weariness,  no  exhaustion,  ever  excused  lied  from  this  drudg- 
ery, which  was  a  full  day's  work  for  a  strong  woman. 

"After  her  scrubbing  was  done  she  was  allowed  to  go  to  her  chamber  and  sleep — 
locked  in  her  room  to  prevent  her  possible  escape — until  the  orgies  of  the  next  day, 
•or  rather  night,  began.  She  was  allowed  no  liberties,  no  freedom,  and  in  the  two  and 
a  half  years  of  her  slavery  in  this  house  she  was  not  even  given  one  dollar  to  spend 
for  her  own  comfort  or  pleasure.  The  legal  evidence  collected  shows  that  during  this 
period  of  slavery  she  earned  for  those  who  owned  her  not  less  than  $8,000." 

For  the  purpose  of  arousing  the  authorities  in  Canada,  and  secur- 
ing their  co-operation  with  American  officials  and  organizations,  the 
evidence,  covering  "innumerable  cases",  was  formally  presented. 

I  select  these  as  fair  examples: 

"In  response  to  a  newspaper  advertisement  a  young  girl  from  Eastern  Ontario 
<5ame  to  work,  as  she  was  led  to  believe,  in  Mrs.  M.'s  millinery  store.  Her  family 
grew  anxious  about  her,  and  her  brother  came  to  the  town  where  she  was  supposed 
to  be,  inquiring  for  Mrs.  M.'s  millinery  store.  The  men  on  the  street  laughed  at  him, 
and  finally  a  person  out  of  pity  informed  the  young  man  that  Mrs.  M.'s  was  a  house 
of  prostitution.  The  young  man  learned  that  his  sister  had  died  from  that  house  and 
had  been  buried  some  weeks  before. 

"An  attractive  woman  agent  spent  some  time  at  a  leading  hotel  in  a  Canadian 
city.  She  professed  to  be  greatly  attracted  by  Canadian  girls  and  advertised  for  a 
nimiber  of  them  to  fill  positions  in  one  of  the  cities  of  the  United  States.  She  suc- 
ceeded in  inducing  four  young  women  to  go  with  her.     Three  of  them  have  not  been 


THE  LAST  STAGE-MENTAL.  PHYSICAL  AND  MORAL  KUIN 

heard  of  .since.  Tlie  otlu-r  was  found  in  a  den  (if  iniipiity.  ami  rcturiKMl  liomt-  l>rokcn 
in  health. 

"A  prailiiatc  of  Toronto  University  repliod  to  an  advertisfini-nt  for  a  traveling 
companion.  j{y  corresj)ondence  an  attractive  oiler  was  made  and  she  came  to  To- 
ronto under  arrangements  to  meet  her  employer.  Her  friends,  not  hearing  from  her. 
followed  her  to  the  city,  to  lind  that  the  address  given  in  the  letters  was  a  vacant 
lot.     The  young  lady  has  never  heen  heard  from  since. 

"A  young  woman  from  an  Ontario  town  came  to  Toronto  to  visit  her  aunt.  Hav- 
ing been  in  tlie  city  before  she  did  not  notify  her  aunt  of  her  coming.  Arriving  at 
the  house  she  found  lier  relatives  absent.  An  attractive  looking  wonum  a  few  doors 
away  nui<le  inquiry,  and  learning  the  young  woman's  disainjointnient  invited  her  into 
her  house  to  wait  until  her  aunt  returned.  She  jjressed  her  to  remain  for  tea  and  to 
stay  all  night.  In  this  case  again  the  young  woman  di.scovered  to  her  horror  that 
she  was  the  unsusj  ecting  victim  of  the  White  Slave  Tradic. 

rilK    i;i  NAWAV    M  AKKI.VCK   S(  IIK.MK 


'"The  runaway  marriage  is  one  of  the  favorite  devices  of  the  White  Slaver.  Two 
sisters  went  from  an  Ontario  village  to  the  city  of  Winnipeg.  A  young  man  began 
to  pay  attention  to  one  of  the  sisters,  fretjuently  taking  her  out  driving  and  to  public 


172 


Watson's  Jeffersonian  Magazine 


LITTLE  TENEMENT  TOILERS 
With  the  exceetion  of  the  infant  in  arms,  these  are  all  working  children 

gatherings  and  places  of  amusement.  By  his  devoted  and  continual  attention  their 
friendship  continued.  One  evening  the  sister  went  out  with  the  young  man  and  did 
not  return.  A  business  man,  possessed  of  means,  who  was  a  friend  of  the  young 
woman,  declared  he  would  find  her;  and,  going  to  Chicago,  he  went  from  house  to 
house  in  the  red  light  district  until  he  found  the  unfortunate  girl." 

This  magazine  could  be  filled  with  similar  cases,  and  even  then  the 
hideousness  of  the  devilish  traffic  would  not  be  laid  bare.  The  worst  of 
the  facts  cannot  be  printed. 

If  the  depravity  which  goes  to  the  extent  of  forcing  women  to  prac- 
tice unprintable  enormities  of  vice,  in  public,  in  the  big  cities,  is  too 
great  to  be  coped  vrith,  too  terrifying  to  be  mentioned,  then  the  mis- 
sionaries might  begin  with  smaller  places,  like  Atlanta,  for  instance, 
w^here  there  seems  to  be  a  tolerably  well  established  system  of  white 
slave  traffic  to  seize  upon  the  unsophisticated  young  girl  from  the  ru- 
ral districts.  Surely  Miss  Houston  knows  that  such  girls  are  sent  from 
place  to  place,  as  their  freshness  palls,  until  nothing  remains  but  the 
murkiest  resorts  of  the  slums.  If  but  a  few  of  these  hapless  girls  could 
be  saved,  no  doubt  the  Lord  would  not  withhold  the  crown  of  glory 
from  those  who  mterpo.sed  between  them  and  hell,  and  saved  society 
from  just  that  much  further  contamination. 

Oh,  Miss  Houston !  Your  generous  soul  expands  with  sorrow  for 
the  black  w^omen  of  Africa  who  are  buried  alive  at  the  funeral  of  some 
powerful  chief, — but  isn't  the  doom  of  the  white  girls,  sold  into  loath- 
some slavery  to  negro  brutes,  infinitely  worse?  To  those  African 
wom^n — only  a  few  at  that — death  comes  just  once,  and  then  all  is 
peace  and  rest.  But  to  your  white  sisters,  caged  in  the  vile  dens  of 
prostitution,  comes  every  day  something  more  horrible  than  death. 


Defends  Present  System 


(h:5 


Miss  Houston  I'luli'iivors  to  iliMiionstrato  that  liad  the  apostles  estab- 
lished secular  or  literary  schools  in  Home  or  Syria  or  (ireece,  it  would 
have  been  a  case  of  "Carrying;  coals  to  Newcastle".  Not  at  all.  Only 
the  upper  classes  in  the  Roman  empire  were  educated.  There  were 
millions  of  \inlettered  men  in  the  re<?i()ns  where  the  Apostles  pushed 
their  conquests.  In  fact,  it  was  amon<j;  the  poor  and  the  i<!jnorant,  the 
slaves  and  the  proletariat,  that  Christianity  first  <?ot  its  foothold.  This 
is  notoriously  true.  Why.  then,  did  the  early  missionaries  establish  no 
schools,  no  colle<;es,  no  hospitals,  no  dispensaries?  Because  there  was 
no  scriptural  authority  for  it. 

Does  not  Miss  Houston  recognize  it  as  a  "Case  of  carrying  coals  to 
Newcastle'',  when  we  send  missionaries  to  Europe  to  found  schools  and 
colleges?  Or  when  we  enter  Japan  to  compete  with  the  splendid  fa- 
cilities for  education  which  that  empire  offers  to  all  her  children?  Or 
when  we  establish  in  China  the  Missionary  school  to  compete  with  the 
Government  school?  Or  when  we  offer  an  absolutely  free  education  to 
Hindu  children  who  can  get  all  the  schooling  they  want  from  the  Eng- 
lish, whenever  the  pare'nts  of  the  children  show  a  willingness  to  co- 
operate with  the  English  and  bear  a  [)r()portion  of  the  expense? 

It  is  a  sin  and  a  shame — a  burning  wrong  and  disgrace — that  we 
should  be  forcing  these  Missionary  schools  upon  the  alleged  heathen 
when  we  need  them  so  badly  for  millions  of  our  own  boys  and  girls. 
Miss  Houston's  own  labors  have  been  principally  in  Cuba  and  Mexico, 
Christian  countries,  both.  For  hundreds  of  years  they  have  been 
Christian,  just  as  Europe  is  Christian,  and  just  as  Armenia  is  Christ- 
ian. It  is  certainly  a  phenomenal  state  of  affairs,  when  the  churches 
of  this  country  are  asked  to  put  up  the  cash  for  missionary  work  among 


Illefrally  employed,  they  ' 


NEW  YORK  CELLAR  PRISONERS 
c-re  r.fevtr  a'.lowel  togroout  of  doors,  their  only  recreation  being  taken 
dark,  filthy  cellar 


'■"-i  Watson's  Jeffersonian  Magazine 

peoples  Avho  have  been  Christianized  for  ages.  Armenia  was  'Svon  for 
Christ"  more  than  eighteen  hundred  years  ago,  and  yet  we  must  fur- 
nish money  for  missionary  preachers,  schools  and  colleges  in  Armenia ! 

"We  must  win  Mexico  for  Christ",  say  the  Protestants,  and  we  send 
missionaries  to  do  it.  "We  must  win  the  United  States  for  Christ !" 
say  the  Catholics,  and  they  send  missionaries  to  do  it. 

And  the  Protestants  are  not  Avinning  ^Mexico  nearly  so  fast  as  the 
Catholics  are  winning  the  United  States.  (It  must  be  a  sad  puzzle  to 
the  heathen  to  tell  which  Christian  sect  is  the  real  thing.) 

The  Christian  missionaries  claim  that  they  have  hundreds  of  thou- 
sands of  converts  in  heathendom.  If  this  be  true,  why  are  not  con- 
verts numerous  enough  to  spread  the  Gospel  among  their  own  people? 
Why  not  let  them  establish  the  endless  chain  system,  one  convert  work- 
ing to  make  another,  one  church  to  establish  another,  as  was  the  case  in 
the  pioneer  days  of  Christianity?  For  three  hundred  years  mission- 
aries have  been  at  work  in  China — isn't  China  ever  going  to  have 
enough  Chinese  converts  to  Christianize  China  ? 

How  does  it  happen  that  Chinaman,  Japanese,  Hindu  or  African, 
claiming  to  be  a  convert  to  Christ,  never  undertakes  to  do  for  his  native 
land  what  Patrick  did  for  Ireland,  Columba  for  Scotland,  and  the  Brit- 
ish disciples  won  by  Augustin  for  England? 

WHY  IS  IT  THAT  PRACTICALLY  EVERY  ORIENTAL 
"CONVERT'  WHO  HAS  MADE  ANY  EFFORT  TO  PROSE- 
LYTE HIS  OWN  PEOPLE  HAS  HAD  TO  BE  PAID  TO  DO  IT? 

This  fact  of  itself  is  enough  to  prove  to  every  unbiased  mind  that 
we  are  not  Christianizing  the  Chinese  and  the  Hindoos.  We  are  sim- 
phj  hrihing  them  to  act  the  hypocrite.  Ea'cu  their  children,  who  are 
glad  enough  to  get  the  education  we  give  them,  do  not  take  our  re- 
ligion. 


While  writing  this  editorial  a  friend  sent  me  a  newspaper  clipping 
which  throws  quite  a  cheerful  light  upon  Miss  Houston's  references  to 
missionary  hardships : 

"A  $15,000  boat  to  be  used  in  the  missionary  service  on  tlie  Kongo  River.  Africa, 
will  be  built  in  this  city.  The  contract  has  been  awarded  by  the  Foreign  Christian 
Missionary  Society,  of  Cincinnati,  from  James  Rees  &  Sons  Company.  It  is  expected 
tlie  craft  will  be  completed  in  time  to  be  placed  on  exliibition  during  the  centennial 
celebration  of  the  Disciples  in  this  city  next  October.  The  boat  will  be  named  the 
Oregon,  in  honor  of  the  Oregon  State  Missionary  Society,  which  pledged  to  raise  the 
money  to  pay  for  the  boat  after  listening  to  Dr.  Royal  J.  Dye,  o'f  the  Kongo  Mission, 
tell  of  his  needs  for  the  better  prosecution  of  his  work.  He  will  We  in  complete  charge 
of  the  boat,  which  will  be  the  first  craft  built  for  such  a  ]nirpose  in  the  United 
States.  The  boat  will  be  manned  by  a  crew  of  ten  ])ersons  and  will  liave  a  capacity 
for  one  imndred  passengers." 

That  sounds  like  "hardships"',  doesn't  it?  An  elegant,  up-to-date 
floating  palace,  for  the  missionaries  who  are  out  after  those  Congo  Nig- 
gers. Oh !  shades  of  Paul  and  Timothy  and  Augustin  and  Columba !" 
They  never  knew  the  joys  of  the  chase  of  the  benighted  heathen  in 
fifteen  tho  isand-dollar  houseboats. 


Defends  Present  System  ^'^^ 

Fifteen  thousaiul  dollars  for  one  inissionary  boat  on  the  distant 
Connfo.  and  the  yearly  expenditure  of  hundreds  of  dollars  to  operate 
it!  Were  the  same  amount  of  charitable  donations  invested  in  a  float- 
ing hospital  for  sick  children,  and  set  afloat  in  Lake  Michigan,  or  off 
New  York,  or  on  the  Potonuic,  how  many  thousands  of  precious  little 
lives  might  be  saved, — children  who  are  |)erishing  in  crowded,  stifling 
tenements  of  the  large  cities! 

Suppose  the  thousands  of  trained,  heroic  workers  in  the  foreign 
fields  were  sunnnoned  home;  suppose  that  the  golden  stream  now  flow- 
ing Eastward  were  devoted  to  the  removal  of  the  frightful  conditions 
Avhich,  in  our  own  land,  are  becoming  worse  every  day, — would  it  not 
be  a  saner  purpose,  as  holy  a  task,  productive  of  infinitely  greater  re- 
sults in  the  uplift  of  the  human  race? 


JUVENILE  TEXTILE  WORKERS  ON  STRIKE  LN    rHlLAI)KLl'HL\ 

The  G5,000  American  white  girls  who  are  being  sold  into  bawdy- 
house  slavery  are  of  greater  importance  to  the  future  of  Christian  civ- 
ilization than  every  negro  on  the  face  of  the  earth.  The  loss  to  our 
national  future  and  to  the  world's  aggregate  of  intelligent  manhood  of 
the  tens  of  thousands  of  white  children  who  are  filling  the  neglected 
garden  of  life  with  weeds  instead  of  flowers,  or  who  are  physically  and 
morally  wrecked  by  child  slavery, — are  of  more  consequence  to  our 
hereafter  than  all  the  feet-bound  maidens  of  China,  all  the  child- 
widows  of  India,  all  the  men,  women  and  children  of  Africa. 

In  the  name  of  common  sense,  enlightened  patriotism  and  whole- 
some Christianity,  will  we  never  so  regard  it? 

********** 

He  that  provideth  not  for  his  own  household  is  worse  than  an  in- 
fidel.   To  that  eft'ect  speaks  Holy  AVrit.    My  contention  is  that  in  the 


<>76  Watsons  Jeffersonian  Magazine 

matter  of  furnishing  food,  clothing,  books,  medicine,  secular  education, 
industrial  training,  orphan's  homes,  asylums  and  kindergartens,  we 
owe  our  first  duty  to  our  own  national  household. 

The  brotherhood  of  man  does  not  make  it  your  duty  to  feed  some- 
body else's  children  before  you  feed  your  own. 

First,  maintain  and  educate  the  boys  and  girls  that  you  caused  to  be 
brought  into  the  world.  First,,  you  are  responsible  for  them — not  for 
the  children  that  some  other  man  begot. 

Have  we  not  a  national,  as  well  as  an  individual  household?  So  I 
contend.  The  people  of  the  American  Kepublic  are  as  truly  your  na- 
tional household,  as  the  inmates  of  your  home  constitute  your  indi- 
vidual household.  That  being  indisputably  so,  why  is  it  not  good  doc- 
trine to  say  that  inasmuch  as  the  Bible  tells  us  to  provide  for  our  indi- 
vidual households  first,  it  is  analogous  that  we  should  fully  provide  for 
our  national  household,  before  carrying  anything  hut  the  Woixl  of  God 
to  the  heathen?  Just  as  it  is  our  natural  duty  to  provide  for  our  chil- 
dren before  furnishing  maintenance  and  support  to  the  children  of 
others,  so  it  is  our  patriotic  duty  to  carry  relief  to  the  needy  of  our 
own  country  before  making  foreigners  the  beneficiaries  of  our  bounty. 

(After  the  manuscript  of  this  article  had  been  sent  to  the  Managing  Editor,  the 
press  dispatches  announced  the  death  of  a  beautiful  young  lady,  of  Cincinnati,  Miss 
Elsie  Gasser,  whose  physician  attributed  her  failure  to  rally  from  an  operation  "to 
the  pernicious  effects  of  the  evil  custom"  of  tight  lacing. 

Asked  if  it  was  true  that  one  of  the  physicians  was  so  struck  with  the  injury 
that  the  girl  was  shown  to  have  done  herself  by  tight  lacing  that  he  contemplated  a 
pamphlet  against  it,  Dr.  Strohback  said: 

"What  good  would  a  pamphlet  do  ?  Girls  just  will  be  so  interested  in  style  that 
they  will  lace.     No  pamphlet  will  stop  them." 

Possibly  a  few  of  the  Chinese  girls  who  have  been  persuaded  by  American  mis- 
sionaries to  defy  the  fashion  which  demands  small  feet  for  Celestial  ladies,  might 
accomplish  good  results  if  they  would  come  over  and  endeavor  to  work  a  change  of 
American  style  in  the  matter  of  small,  round  waists  or  "tube  gowns".) 

W  »fe  ^ 

DECADENCE  OF  SOUTHERN 
ORATORY 

IN  THE  SHAPING  of  national  policies  and  legislation,  it  cannot  be 
said  that  Southern  orators  now  W'ield  any  considerable  influence. 
The  North  is  in  full  control.  The  Protective  System,  which  breeds 
millionaires  and  paupers,  is  built  w^th  particular  reference  to  New 
England  manufactures.  Pretty  nearly  everything  that  the  South  has 
to  buy  comes  higher  because  of  the  tariff :  pretty  nearly  all  that  she  sells 
must  be  sold  in  free  competition  with  the  w^hole  world. 

Our  financial  system  puts  the  producers  and  small  dealers  at  the 


Decadence  of  Southern  Oratory  <'»^''^ 

mercy  of  a  few  Northern  caphalisls,  hut  Southern  orators  either  do  not 
see  it,  or  care  nothing;  ahout  it. 

The  most  extravao;ant  fi^overnnient  on  earth  is  run  at  the  expense  of 
poverty,  not  of  weaUh;  hut  Southern  orators  content  themselves  with 
perfunctory  deliverances  in  Con<>ress.  instead  of  leading  an  organized 
crusade  against  the  wrong. 

Our  colonial  policy,  our  military  ex[)ansion,  our  class-legislation, 
our  monstrous  system  of  Special  Privilege,  are  all  hateful  to  the  South- 
ern people;  but  Southern  oratory  is  practically  dumb.  In  fact,  the 
South  is  a  negligible  quantity  in  the  framing  of  political  platforms,  in 
the  selection  of  national  tickets,  in  the  adoption  of  national  policies,  in 
the  shaping  of  national  legislation.  Our  public  men  are,  as  a  rule,  so 
crassly  ignorant  that  they  arc  unable  to  cope  with  the  disciplined  and 
cultivated  intellects  of  the  Northern  leaders.  They  are  constantly  over- 
reached, outgeneraled,  reduced  to  imi^otence. 

Occasionally,  a  Southern  Senator  or  Representative  displays  abil- 
ity,— and  then  some  railroad,  oil  company  or  lumber  trust  gob- 
bles him  up.  Under  the  desolating  influence  of  one-party  despotism, 
our  people  have  ceased  to  knoAV  or  care  anything  about  the  way  in 
which  national  legislation  is  manipulated.  A  pall  of  ignorance  ancl  in- 
difference has  settled  upon  us.  We  never  hear  but  one  side  of  any  ques- 
tion, and  therefore  w^e  never  know  the  truth  about  anything. 

And  we  are  content, — stupidly,  degenerately,  ignominiously  content. 

The  clarion  call  of  the  Southern  orator  is  no  longer  heard,  rousing 
the  masses  to  7nahe  a  fight  for  justice.  .We  no  longer  produce  Patrick 
Henrys  and  John  C.  Calhouns  who  inflame  men  with  a  holy  passion  for 
the  right,  until  they  are  reach/  to  die,  rather  than  tamely  submit  to 
wrong.  The  spur  of  Harr}''  Percy  is  cold :  the  sword  is  rust :  spiders 
weave  twixt  us  and  the  sun :  we  are  no  longer  the  men  of  177G,  nor  of 
1860. 

The  few^  who  would  have  led  our  peoi:)le  back  to  the  old  landmarks 
have  been  beaten  into  despair, — not  by  the  henchmen  of  Special  Priv- 
ilege, but  by  the  inert  masses  that  they  wished  to  serve. 

Oratory  is  not  in  the  orator  solely :  it  is  in  the  occasion,  in  the  au- 
dience, in  the  cause.  We  have  no  eloquence  now  in  the  South,  because 
not  even  Demosthenes  could  be  himself,  if  his  audiences  were  com- 
posed of  the  dead.  Politically,  the  South  has  no  life.  Commercially 
she  is  great,  intellcetually,  glorious, — but  politically,  she  is  a  corpse. 

Some  one  asked  Seargent  S.  Prentiss  how  it  was  that  he  could  so 
completely  magnetize  a  crowd,  and  he  answered: 

"It  is  they  who  magnetize  me." 

That  was  in  the  old  days,  w^hen  Southern  peoplo  were  alive  to  their 
interests  and  ideals. 

Have  you  forgotten  the  words  of  Ko.-,siuh  '. 

"They  say  that  /  inspired  the  people.  No!  A  thousand  times  no!  The  people 
inspired  me!" 


^78  Watson's  Jeffersonian  Magazine 

That  was  when  Hungarians  were  ready  to  fight  and  to  die  for  their 
rights,  their  liberties. 

The  time  may  yet  come  when  the  one-party  stagnation  will  give  way 
to  the  angel  that  puts  life  into  the  troubled  waters :  the  day  may  come 
when  Oratory,  reincarnated,  may  show  to  all  the  world  that  the  South 
^vas  not  dead,  but  sleeping. 


-^' 

^m^ 


IN  THE  DAYS  OF  SLAVERY 

DUKING  the  month  of  January.  1009.  the  U.  S.  Senate  had  be- 
fore it  a  bill  proposing,  among  other  things,  to  pay  to 
Plymouth  Frazier  the  sum  of  $120.  Plymouth  is  a  negro,  and 
was  a  slave.  It  seems  that  Plymouth,  the  slave,  had  accumu- 
lated property  to  the  value  of  $120,  and  that  the  Federal  army  took  it, 
or  destroyed  it,  during  the  Civil  "War.  The  Senate,  therefore,  was  de- 
bating in  January,  1909,  the  question  of  making  good  to  the  ex-slave 
the  damage  which  his  liberators  had  inflicted  upon  him. 

It  is  not  strange  that  the  Northern  Senators  looked  askance  at  the 
claim  of  Plymouth  Frazier  for  compensation.  A  slave,  holding  prop- 
erty in  the  South ! — such  a  thing  was  not  mentioned  in  "Uncle  Tom's 
Cabin",  nor  in  "The  Impending  Crisis'',  nor  in  any  of  the  Abolition 
screamers.  Yet  here  was  Plymouth,  a  visible,  undeniable,  odorous  ac- 
tuality, swearing  strenuously  that  as  a  slave  he  had  owned  property 
worth  $120,  and  that  the  victorious  invading  hosts  of  liberty  and  lib- 
eration had  deprived  him  of  it.  Xo  wonder  such  Senators  as  Hopkins 
of  Illinois  found  it  difficult  to  pin  their  faith  to  Plymouth.  He  jostled 
many  well-settled  notions,  conceptions  and  traditions,  and  none  of  us 
like  to  have  things  of  that  description  loosened  in  the  socket. 

Sympathizing  with  the  evident  embarrassment  of  the  Northern  del- 
egations. Senator  Bacon,  of  Georgia,  and  Senator  Money,  of  Missis- 
sippi, undertook  to  enlighten  their  colleagues,  by  explaining  that  it  was 
a  common  thing  for  Southern  slaves  to  own  property — such  as  a  cow, 
a  pig.  sometimes  a  horse,  and,  nearly  always,  poultry.  Besides,  when 
a  negro  slave  did  his  "task",  his  time  was  his  own,  and  he  could  dis- 
pose of  it  as  he  liked.  Most  of  them  would  use  it  for  recreation  and 
pleasure,  but  some  would  work  for  wages  during  the  time  that  was 
theirs. 

In  "Slavery  Days",  the  general  condition  of  the  negroes  was  in- 
finitely better  than  that  of  the  white  laborer  of  the  North  and  of 
Europe.  No  such  horrible  squalor,  suffering  ,and  degradation  could 
have  been  found  among  the  Southern  slaves  as  now  exists  among  the 
Avhite  wage-slaves  of  Boston,  New  York,  Chicago  and  Pittsburgh. 


EDITORIAL  SMALL  TALK 

In  McClure's  Mctf/azinc,  there  is  an  article  by  President  \A'illiiini 
Howard  Taft  in  Avliich  he  says: 

"Andrew  Jackson,  ]  belifvo.  did  serve  as  a  Judge  of  the  Siii)reme  Court  of  North 
Carolina." 

If  our  President  believes  that,  it  is  a  pity,  for  it  isn't  so, 
Andrew  Jackson  was  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Tennessee^ — 
at  a  time  when  the  back  part  of  AVebster's  old  blue  spelling  book  car- 
ried as  much  weight  in  that  primitive  state  as  Blackstone's  Connnen- 
taries.  In  that  era,  any  man  who  was  honest  and  gifted  with  horse 
sense,  made  a  good  judge.  Nowadays,  the  talented  creatures  who  pre- 
side over  our  Supreme  tribunals  rake  the  records  with  fine  tooth  combs 
to  discover  some  trifling  technicality  that  Avill  keep  rich  rascals  out 

of  jail. 

*         *         *         * 

Old  John  D.  lectured  to  a  Bible  class  of  sap-headed  supers  recently, 
and  unctiously  informed  them  that  the  best  paying  investment  in  this 
life  was  the  doing  of  good  to  others. 

Yes,  that  is  the  way  Pious  John  built  up  the  Standard  Oil  Com- 
pany. He  benignly  and  invariably  practiced  the  Golden  Rule.  He  did 
not  originate  the  deadly  rebate  which  put  his  rivals  out  of  business. 
He  never  said  to  a  railroad  company,  in  playful  reference  to  a  strug- 
gling competitor,  "Turn  another  screw"'.  He  did  not  distribute  oil 
gratuitously  in  a  rival's  territory  for  the  purpose  of  ruining  the  rival. 
He  never  hired  detectives  to  spy  upon  competitors,  nor  bribed  their  em- 
ployees to  adulterate  their  goods.  He  never  conspired  to  crush  an  in- 
dependent company  with  laAvsuits,  receiverships  and  injunctions;  he 
never  corrupted  a  juror,  a  judge,  a  legislator,  a  Congressman,  or  an 
editor.  When  he  subsidized  such  publications  as  the  Manufacturers^ 
Record  he  did  it  for  patriotic  reasons. 

"\Mien  he  sent  checks  to  such  Senators  as  Foraker  of  Ohio,  it  was 
unpolluted  benevolence. 

It  was  somebody  else  who  relentlessly  pursued  ^Matthews  of  New 
York  and  was  the  beneficiary  of  the  plot  to  blow  up  his  refinery.  It 
was  another  man,  not  Pious  John,  who  persecuted  and  robbed  that 
Cleveland  widow  and  her  orphan  children— compelling  her  to  sign  a 
bond  not  to  engage  in  the  oil  business,  and  wringing  from  her  soul  that 
cry  of  anguish  which  concluded  with  the  words : 

"I  cannot  tell  yo\i  the  sorrow  it  has  caused  me  to  have  one  of  those  in  whom  I 
liave  had  the  greatest  hopes  tell  me.  within  the  last  few  days,  that  it  teas  enough  to 
drive  honest  men  anaii  from  thr  rhurth  of  Cod  irhcn  profrs.tiiui  Christ  inns  do  as  t/ou 
have  done  by  me." 


680  Watson's  Jeffersonian  Magazine 

By  a  prolonged  career  of  crime,  John  D.  Eockefeller  amassed  a  for- 
tune of  a  thousand  million  dollars, — more  money  than  Croesus  had, 
more  than  any  king  of  ancient  or  modern  times  accumulated.  He  got 
it  by  the  pitiless  crushing  of  competition,  by  the  underhanded  control 
of  freight  rates,  by  subornation  of  perjury,  by  the  corruption  of 
courts,  newspapers  and  legislatures,  by  the  use  of  money  in  politics,  by 
unlawfully  inducing  transportation  companies  and  merchants'  asso- 
ciations to  refuse  to  handle  competitive  oil. 

Everybody  who  reads  at  all,  knows  this  to  be  true.  Yet  Pious  John 
is  popular.  The  newspapers  speak  well  of  John.  Certain  preachers 
toot  the  horn  of  praise  for  John.  For  look  you, — John  D.  is  a  great 
Baptist,  and  affects  mightily  the  company  and  companionship  of 
preachers.  Also,  publicly  fondles  children,  and  takes  carefully  chosen 
local  people  to  ride  with  him  in  his  Auto. 

*         *         *         * 

How  much  good  is  done  the  cause  of  religion  by  the  prominence  of 
John  D.  and  his  son  John  in  pious  circles?  Everybody  knows  that 
they  are  a  precious  pair  of  hypocrites, — does  the  manner  in  which  cer- 
tain clergymen  toady  to  them  advance  the  cause  of  Christ  ? 

The  edifying  spectacle  of  J.  P.  Morgan,  handing  round  the  plate  in 
the  Presbyterian  church  has  its  offset  in  Thomas  F.  JRyan's  conspicu- 
ousness  as  a  Catholic.  With  the  possible  exception  of  E.  H.  Harriman, 
J.  J.  Hill  and  Xelson  Aldrich,  the  three  men  named — Rockefeller,  Mor- 
gan and  Ryan — are  as  far  removed  from  the  model  of  Christ  as  any 
three  men  that  live.  Is  not  the  decaj^  of  the  true  religious  spirit  and 
life  largely  due  to  the  silent  disgust  of  the  common  people  at  the  con- 
trol of  the  churches  bv  the  rich? 


Some  5'ears  ago,  an  enterprising  Xew  York  man  secured  from  the 
Chinese  government  a  '"concession"  to  build  a  railroad  over  there. 
J.  P.  Morgan  heard  of  it,  and  his  mouth  watered.  Just  as  the  "\Miitney- 
Ryan  gang  got  after  old  Jake  Sharp  and  took  away  from  him  the 
Broadwaj^  Surface  franchise  which  bribed  Aldermen,  had  voted  to  Ja- 
cob, so  Morgan  got  after  the  man  who  had  the  Chinese  concession.  The 
man  had  to  drop  it,  of  course,  and  when  the  Celestials  woke  up  to  the 
portentious  fact  that  they  were  about  to  be  Morganized,  they  gave  that 
distinguished  Presbyterian  six  million  dollars  for  the  piece  of  paper 
which  authorized  the  construction  of  the  railroad. 

Recalling  this  luscious  occurrence,  Morgan  has  blocked  the  Chinese 
loan  which  European  bankers  had  already  signed  for,  and  has  de- 
manded that  his  name  be  put  in  the  pot.  He  has  actuall)^  had  the  pow- 
er to  get  his  personal  wishes  in  the  matter  backed  by  our  Government 
and  presented  to  China  as  the  demand  of  the  United  States ! 
*         *         *         * 

When  Mr.  Cleveland  was  President  it  was  J.  P.  Morgan  who  could 
do  as  he  would  with  our  national  finances.  That  midnight  transaction 
in  bonds  is  an  indelible  stain  upon  our  record.    With  President  Roose- 


Editorial  Small  Talk 


081 


volt  it  ^vas  the  same:  Mor«>:airs  word,  in  iiioiu-y  matters,  was  law,  and 
the  Wall  Street  hankers  i-ot  honds  ^Yhieh  cost  them  practieally  nothing 
and  the  Ahlrich-Vreehuul  l)ill,  which  is  an  unspeakahle  infamy.  Un- 
der Mr.  Taft,  the  Mor^^an  jrrip  on  the  linances  still  holds.  He  wants 
another  chance  at  poor  old  China,  and  although  the  loan  for  the  Han- 
kow Kailway  was  a  completed,  signeil-up-contract,  before  Morgan 
caught  on  to' it,  our  Government  has  told  China  that  the  deal  must  be 
opened  for  the  entrance  of  Morgan. 

*  *         *         * 

The  Washington  Post  declares  that  Congressman  Tickler  secured 
the  original  appropriation  for  the  R.  Y.  D.  service;  but  ever  since  the 
Post  editorially  stated  that  Marshall  Ney  taught  school  and  died  a  nat- 
ural death  in  North  Carolina,  we  never  know  when  its  assertions  are 
meant  to  be  taken  as  jokes. 

*  *         *         * 

The  new  tariff  bill  comes  as  near  being  the  "revision  downward" 
that  Mr.  Taft  promised  the  country,  as  Mr.  Cleveland's  tariff'  reform 
pledges  resembled  the  Wilson-Gorman  act.  In  the  one  case,  the  Presi- 
dent denounced  the  ''perfidy"  but  did  not  use  his  veto;  and  in  the  other, 
the  President  smiles  and  looks  around  for  congratulations  while  the  bill 
becomes  a  law.  In  both  cases,  the  people  were  duped  and  the  Trusts  got 
what  they  bargained  for  when  they  made  campaign  contributions. 

*  *         *         * 

Wonderful  is  the  pull  of  the  hosiery  mills.  A  few  years  ago  they 
knocked  out  the  Kasson  treaty  with  France,  which  would  have  opened 
markets  to  at  least  $20,000,000  of  cotton  seed  oil.  In  the  new  tariff  bill 
they  have  succeeded  in  advancmg  the  protective  duties,  and  the  mil- 
lions of  buyers  of  the  connnoner  kinds  of  socks  and  stockings  will  have 
to  pay  higher  prices  than  ever.  Mr.  Taft  is  a  good  hand-shaker  and 
ever-bearing  smiler,  but  he  will  have  the  task  of  his  life  to  explain  why 
he  did  not  make  more  vigorous  efforts  to  have  his  cami)aign  promises 

kept. 

*  *         *         * 

How  can  any  Republican  face  the  people  who  were  promised  a  sub- 
stantial downw^ard  revision,  a  revision  which  would  mean  reduced 
prices  on  the  necessaries  of  life,  when  the  Dingley  rate  on  sugar  has 
been  scaled  the  ridiculous  amount  of  one-twentieth  of  a  cent,  and  the 
duty  on  common  stockings  increased  forty  per  cent.  ? 

On  ten  pounds  of  sugar,  the  housewife  may  save  half-a-cent;  where- 
as, in  the  purchase  of  one  pair  of  stockings,  she  will  lose  not  less  than 
five  cents.  This  kind  of  sham  reform  pervades  the  whole  bill.  It  fairly 
reeks  with  dishonesty,  injustice,  favoritism  to  the  few  at  the  expense  of 

the  manv. 

*  *         *         * 

The  more  closely  the  new  tariff'  act  is  studied,  the  more  odious  it  be- 
comes. 


^»8-  Watson's  Jeffersonian  Magazine 

For  example,  the  Republicans  make  a  show  of  reducing  the  cost  of 
blacksmith  tools.  What  is  the  reduction?  One-eighth  of  a  cent  a 
2)ound.  They  lower  the  rate  on  dressed  lumber,  and  the  reduction  is 
seventy-five  cents  on  a  thousand  feet. 

From  the  tax  on  white  lead,  Avhich  affects  everj^body  who  has  any 
house-painting  done,  they  pare  off  one-eighth  of  a  cent  a  pound,  from 
horse-shoes  one-quarter  of  a  cent,  and  from  cotton  ties  two-tenths  of  a 
cent,  and  so  on  down  the  line  of  decreases.  But  they  put  an  increase 
of  G8  per  cent,  on  razors,  27  per  cent,  on  watch  movements,  75  per  cent, 
on  shingles,  20  per  cent,  upon  fountain  and  other  pens,  and  impose  a 
heavy  duty  on  barbed  wire,  and  upon  varnish  and  enamel  paints. 

Here  we  have  a  law  framed  by  the  powerful  beneficiaries  of  the 
tariff  system,  and  while  our  indignation  may  be  hot  our  surprise  can- 
not be  great  to  discover  that  it  taxes  the  hlankets  of  the  ]^oor  165  per 
•cent,  and  the  automobiles  of  the  rich  50  per  cent. 


The  people  who  were  promised  a  genuine  downward  revision  get  no 
reduction  whatever  on  woolens  and  worsteds,  and  will  have  to  pay  more 
for  cotton  goods.  By  the  time  each  family  has  consumed  a  year's  sup- 
plies, the  small  savings  made  on  the  goods  upon  which  the  tariff  has 
been  lowered  will  be  more  than  wiped  out  by  the  higher  prices  paid  for 
articles  on  which  the  tariff  has  been  raised. 
*         *         *         * 

The  Democrats  whose  votes  were  indispensable  to  Speaker  Cannon 
in  the  adoption  of  the  rules  which  make  him  the  autocrat  of  the  House, 
are  in  a  large  measure  responsible  for  the  disgraceful  Payne- Aldrich 
bill.  Thanks  to  the  power  Avhich  these  Democrats  put  in  his  hands. 
Speaker  Cannon  was  not  only  able  to  dragoon  the  measure  through  the 
House,  but  Avas  able  to  pack  the  Conference  Committee  with  stand-pat- 
ters of  the  rankest  tyj)e.  Without  the  aid  of  those  Democratic  desert- 
ers, the  Cannon-Aldrich  crowd  could  never  have  made  such  a  legisla- 
tive mockery  of  Mr.  Taft's  promise  of  honest  downward  revision. 

I  hope  that  the  constituencies  of  these  deserters  will  not  forget  the 
facts,  nor  fail  to  punish  the  guilty.    Their  names  are : 

JoHX  J.  Fitzgerald,  of  New  York;  Michael  F.  Conry,  of  New 
York;  Francis  B.  Harrison,  of  New  York;  Daniel  J.  Riordan,  of 
New  York ;  Henry  M.  Goldfogle,  of  New  York ;  Charles  V.  Fornes. 
of  New  York;  George  H.  Lindsay,  of  New  York;  Joseph  A.  Goulden. 
of  New  York;  William  G.  Brantley,  of  Georgia;  Charles  G.  Ed- 
wards, of  Georgia ;  James  M.  Griggs,  of  Georgia ;  William  M.  Ho\\- 
-^RD,  of  Georgia;  Gordon  Lee,  of  Georgia;  Leonidas  F.  Livingston,  of 
Georgia ;  Joseph  F.  O'Connell,  of  Massachusetts ;  Andrew  J.  Peters. 
of  Massachusetts;  John  A.  Keliher,  of  Massachusetts:  Stephen  M. 
Sparkman,  of  Florida;  Robert  F.  Broussard,  of  Louisiana;  Albert 
EsTOPiNAL,  of  Louisiana;  James  T.  McDermott,  of  Illinois;  John  A. 
Moon,  of  Tennessee ;  George  A.  Bartlett,  of  Nevada. 


A  SURVEY  OF  THE  WORLD 

By  TOM  DOLAN 


The  Tariff  Revised  With  a 
Vengeance 

THIS  i>  not  a  perfect  tarill"  bill,  nor  a 
coin])lete  compliance  with  the  prom- 
ises made,  strictly  interpreted,  but  a  ful- 
HIImeTit  free  from  criticism  in  respect  to 


Poor  Protection 

This  liistressecl  Kentlemen  represents  the  con- 
consumer.  He  is  worried  because  his  "Aldrich 
tariff  umbrella'"  affords  him  no  protection. 

-New  York  American 

a  subject  matter  involving  many  sched- 
ules and  thousands  of  articles  could  not 
be   expected. — President  Taft. 

Ao[)log:izincr   at    once   for   him- 
self niul  to  the  Aiiieririin  ]:>eople, 


Mr.  Taft  sij^ned  the  Paj'iie-Al- 
drich  tariff  hill,  the  making  of 
which  has  consumed  the  extra 
session  of  Congress  from  March 
ir)th  to  August  5th.  ^^^len  the 
sweeping  repudiation  of  his  own 
bill  is  so  glaringly  a  complete 
fraud  upon  the  public  and  a 
campaign  pledges  that  he  must 
sign  it  without  the  pretense  of  his 
own  approval,  Mr.  Taft  likewise 
signs  away  his  self-respect  as  a 
man,  and  as  an  executive  to  wdiom 
the  veto  power  has  been  given  for 
the  sake  of  preventing  just  such 
outrages  upon  the  American  peo- 
ple. 

There  are  two  reasons  why  the 
Payne-Aldrich  bill  as  completed 
is  a  document  of  sham  and  shame. 
First,  because  it  does  not  reduce 
those  things  in  which  the  great 
mass  of  wage-earners  are  vitally 
interested.  This  is  perceptible  at 
once  on  the  face  of  the  bill,  when 
a  summary  of  its  mo.st  important 
provisions  is  considered: 

Articles  Free: 

Radium:  As  there  isn't  an  ounce  of 
tins  marvelous  substance  yet  extracted, 
and  as  not  a  grain  of  it  has  ever  been 
nuide  in  America,  the  admission  free  is 
one  of  the  hugest  jokes  of  a  bill  abound- 
ing in  "jokers". 

Tlie  products  of  petroleum,  including 
kerosene,  benzine,  naphtha,  gasoline  and 
lul)rieating  oils.  As  the  Standard  Oil 
lias  no  competition  whatever,  the  con- 
sumer is  just  as  much  at  its  mercy  as  if 
a   protective  tariff  existed. 

Benzoic  acid,  crude  products  of  coal 
tar.  cottonseed  oil  and  croton  oil.     These 


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Watson's  Jeffersonian  Magazine 


reductions  benefit  the  manufacturer  only. 
The  ordinary  consumer  who  may  be 
driven  to  suicide  will  insist  upon  pure 
carbolic  acid,  instead  of  "the  crude  prod- 
uct of  coal  tar",  and  when  he  dresses  his 
salad  with  cottonseed  oil  he  will  have 
bought  it  as  the  pure  olive  oil,  anyhow. 

Hides.  This  also  benefits  the  manu- 
facturer to  a  far  greater  extent  than  the 
slight  reductions  in  leather  hurts. 

Works  of  art  and  antiquities  are  free. 
This  will  help  feed  and  clothe  the  90  per 
cent,  of  the  90,000,000  "ultimate  con- 
sumers". 

Wood  pulp. 

No  Special  Change  from  Dingley 
Rates: 

Wool  and  woolen  goods,  gloves,  sugar 
and  tobacco,  the  latter  two  to  be  ad- 
mitted free  from  the  Phillippines.  Su- 
gar is  one  of  the  most  important  of 
foods,  while  the  clothing  and  bedding 
which  the  "manufactured  woolens"  in- 
clude mean  that  nearly  every  article 
of  winter  comfort  is  to  bear  tue  terrible 
burden  of  taxation  as  heretofore,  in- 
creased already  because  the  manufacturer 
is  secure  in  his  power. 

Also  cliinaware  and  glass,  clocks  and 
watches,  nickel,  aluminum,  bronze,  pew- 
ter, platinum  and  all  metals  in  common 
use. 

Fruits,    fish,   nuts    and   other   eatables. 

Lace  curtains,  hats,  buttons,  gloves, 
and  what  one  might  term  "notions". 

Increases: 

Cotton  goods,  especially  of  the  sort  the 
poorer  people  must  buy,  particularly  ho- 
siery. Those  who  have  been  too  poor  to 
provide  proper  woolen  garments  in  win- 
ter, will  now  be  too  poor  to  even  supply 
themselves  and  their  children  with  suf- 
ficient coarse  cotton  clothing.  Perhaps 
the  strong  can  stand  it,  but  God  pity  the 
aged,  the  feeble  and  the  little,  half-clad 
babies ! 

Less  important,  but  still  indispensable 
in  ordinary  life,  plate  glass,  structural 
steel,  lithographic  prints  (the  pictures 
enjoyed  by  the  poor),  lead  pencils,  furs, 
lemons,  pineapples,  hops,  shingles,  cocoa 
(tlie  best  beverage  the  breakfast  table 
could  have),  jewelry:  opium  and  cocaine 
(tlie  most  beneficent  drugs  suflering  hu- 
manity knows),  tlie  more  expensive 
laces,     wines    and     rupiors.       Those    last 


three  only  miglit  be  termed  a  tax   upon 
luxuries. 

Reductions : 

Rough  lumber,  75  cents  per  1,000  feet, 
every  piece  of  dressed  lumber  to  bear  ex- 
tortionate rates,  and  all  furniture  or 
building  material  to  be  higher  than  ever. 
Nobouy  buys  rough  lumber  except  the 
manufacturer,  who  therefore  profits  in 
two  ways — getting  his  material  cheaper 
tlian  ever,  and  selling  it  at  even  greater 
cost.  This,  notwithstanding  the  fact  that 
improved  machine  methods  make  the 
dressing  of  lumber  less  expensive  than  it 
was  when  the  Dingley  rates  were  enacted. 

Iron  ore,  steel  rails,  pig  iron  and  scrap 
iron  reduced  in  varying  amounts.  Soft 
coal  slightly  reduced.  Agricultural  im- 
jilements,  a  5  per  cent,  reduction.  Print 
paper,  reduced  about  $2.00  per  ton, 
which  makes  it  bear  nearly  $4.00  per 
ton  burden  more  than  it  ought  to.  It  is, 
specifically,  a  tax  upon  intelligence. 
Oilcloth  and  linoleum  and  windowglass, 
slight  reductions. 

All  the  above  slight  reductions, 
are  virtually  of  the  most  tempo- 
rary nature,  for  the  second  reason 
why  the  Payne- Aldrich  bill  is  an 
outrage  is  that  it  provides  a 
''maximum  and  minimum"  scale, 
to  be  applied  in  the  discretion  of 
the  President  and  his  aides.  That 
is  to  say  that  under  the  aforesaid 
clause,  any  of  these  rates  may  be 
advanced  quietly,  without  the 
public  being  taken  into  confidence, 
on  the  pretext  that  we  are  not 
receiving  from  another  country 
the  same  treatment  that  country 
may  accord  "the  most  favored  na- 
tion" on  any  of  its  exported  com- 
modities. Instead  of  being  a  pe- 
nal clause  against  tariff  discrimi- 
nation against  us.  it  is  the- 
''joker"  of  the  bill  which  Avill  in- 
crease the  increases,  and  do  en- 
tirely away  with  the  reductions 
within  a  twelve-month. 

It  will  be  the  simplest  thing  in- 
the  world  for  any  powerful  inter- 
est to  get  the  maximum  I'ates  en- 


Survey  of  the  World 


085 


ioiwd  ill  its  favor.  What  are  his 
lawyers  and  Congressmen  and 
Senators  for?  What  is  Mr.  Taft 
for,  anyhow,  if  not  to  lend  a  will- 
ing ear  to  the  privileged^ 

The  i)0  per  cent,  of  the  90,000,000 
may  as  well  prepare  to  deliver 
over  the  fruits  of  their  toil  to  the 
10  per  cent,  who  in  effect  govern 
them  ruthlessly.  There  is  scarce- 
ly any  further  chance  to  lay  by 
something  for  the  rainy  day  or  old 
age,  or  for  a  just  competence. 
We  will  have  organized  charities, 
and  maybe  some  pensions  coming 
on,  to  mitigate  in  minute  part  the 
ills  of  misgovernment.  Not  im- 
mediately, but  the  trend  is  all 
that  way.  Decadence  has  already 
proceeded  to  the  point  that  the 
servile  masses  sit  supine  \vhile 
they  are  punished  and  plundered ; 
it  need  go  but  a  generation  or  two 
more  before  the  ''hooligan"  type 
will  replace  sturdy  citizenship 
and  where  the  head  of  a  miserable 
family  will  take  alms  as  grate- 
fully as  the  head  of  an  educa- 
tional institution  does  now. 
****** 
Yip-er  up  for  Prosperity!  We 
had  it  last  fall  in  the  last  laps  of 
the  Presidential  race.  Factories 
belched  black  smoke,  and  the  air 
was  vibrant  with  strong  indus- 
trial currents.  It  lasted  about  as 
long  as  one  of  the  furnace  fires. 

Such  a  cruel  winter  as  followed 
one  does  not  like  to  recall. 

Then  the  summer  brought  its 
certain  comfort.  People  at  least 
do  not  freeze  then,  and  park 
lodging  is  free,  and  a  hand-out 
sustains  life  which  is  never,  they 
say,  inseparable  from  hope,  de- 
spite the  increasing  numl)er  of 
rsuicides  to  disclaim  it. 

Now    with    the    advent    of    the 


new  tariil'  iniquity,  something 
must  be  done  to  content  the  down- 
trodden with  their  lot,  and  so  we 
hear  Prosperity  again.  The  tariff 
IS  settled  and  the  dear  ''business 
niterests"  can  breathe  freer,  they 
tell  us.  For  a  time  we  may  have 
increased  industrial  activity;  then 
''over-production",  panic  and  all 
the  rest.  How  long  will  the  peo- 
ple suffer  it?  Must  they  be 
dragged  into  the  very  slough  of 
des})ond  itself  before  they  can  be 
roused  ?  Some  are  h\ingry  enough, 
but  must  all  be  starving  before 
they  will  assert  themselves  and 
make  it  unsafe  for  tools  of  the 
trusts  to  despoil  them? 

Spain  in  Revolt 

T^HE  latter  part  of  July  wit- 
nessed  in  Spain  one  of  those 
political  upheavals  which  are  in- 
determinate between  riot  and  rev- 
olution. Concurrently  with  the 
statement  that  no  uncensored  dis- 
patches have  been  allowed  to  get 
by  the  authorities,  voluminous  ac- 
counts of  bloodshed  and  horrible 
tales  of  "nuns  being  butchered  at 
their  altars",  have  flown  fast 
across  the  earth.  Tinxt  the 
Church  has  been  an  object  of  fe- 
rocity is  true,  but  that  women 
have  been  wilfully  murdered  by 
the  Lilxn-alists  is  scarcely  conceiv- 
al)le.  The  government,  being  en- 
tirely clerical,  would  see  that  the 
reports  did  as  much  damage  to 
the  anti-clericals  as  possible  and 
all  such  wild  stories  may  safely  be 
discounted. 

The  outbreak  was  so  sudden 
that  it  apparently  caught  the 
world  by  surprise.  Yet  tlie  kettle 
has  been  on  the  ffre  these  many 
years  and  it  simply  boiled  over. 
Strenuous  efforts  to  put  the  cover 


080 


Watson's  Jeffersonian  Magazine 


on  have  been  made  with  some  suc- 
cess, but  the   same  pressure  will 
inevitably  blow  it  off  again. 
*     *     * 

Spain  has  been  sodden  with  su- 
perstition, and  ground  heavily 
under  the  heel  of  the  Church.  It 
has   been   misgoverned   almost   to 


sive,  but  the  former  minister  was 
not  persona  grata  to  the  Pope, 
and  his  successor,  Senor  Maura, 
is  that  combination  of  bom- 
bast and  bigotry  too  often  accred- 
ited to  the  Spanish  grandee.  He 
has  sought  to  crush  down  thd  dis- 
content  (which  had  its  hotbed  in 


The  Tables  Turned 


Grue  in  Louisville  Herald 


the  point  of  extinction,  so  far  as 
national  life  is  concerned.  But 
that  the  people  themselves  are 
awakening  from  their  long  stupe- 
faction is  amply  demonstrated. 
Under  the  enlightened  policies  of 
De  Armijo,  the  country  bade 
fair  to  become  peacefully  progres- 


Barcelona,  the  point  ^o  lateh' 
aflame)  without  success,  has  con- 
sistently upheld  the  Churchly 
prerogatives,  and  has  pushed  the 
Avar  in  Morocco  to  the  point  of 
disaster  to  Spain.  Under  the 
terms  of  the  Algeciras  treaty, 
Spain  was  to  police  Morocco  in 


Survey  of  the  World 


G87 


cDiijiinctictii  with  otluT  jjowits. 
Her  splu'iv  of  inlliUMicc  hapiu'iu'd 
to  inchuK'  valuable  iiiinin<!;  prop- 
erty in  the  hills  inhabited  by  the 
Kiff  tribesmen,  typical  untamed 
Moors.  Spanish  ca])italists  ob- 
tained the  usual  ''concessions"  and 
for  their  devek^pment  tried  to 
build  a  railroad  near  MeliUa.  It 
was  only  to  be  a  short  line,  it  is 
true,  but  the  astute  Moor  could 
see  his  country  bein<i-  delivered 
over  to  foreia'n  exj^loitation,  the 
police  powers  diverted  to  the  ends 
of  ])ersonal  graft,  and,  as  a  rail- 
road is  per  se  an  abomination,  the 
tribesmen  rallied  their  clans  un- 
der the  banner  of  a  holy  war 
upon  the  infidels.  Alfonso  and 
Maura  were  determined,  if  neces- 
sary, to  sacrifice  the  entire  army 
of  Spain  and  all  who  could  be 
drafted  into  it,  to  uphold  the  na- 
tional ''honor"  and,  incidentally, 
to  get  that  railroad  built  for  the 
government  pets.  Then  the  peo- 
j)le  rose  and  Spain,  if  not  literally 
baptized  in  blood,  was  very  thor- 
oughly sprinkled. 

*     *     * 

The  saddest  i)art  of  it  is  that 
the  internal  dissensions  and  weak- 
ness Avill  prevent  the  revolution- 
ists from  thoroughly  carrying  the 
day.  With  the  Church  and  the 
supporters  of  Alfonso  against 
them,  and  Don  Jaime,  the  Carlist 
pretender  and  his  sympathizers, 
ready  to  use  revolution  to  estab- 
lish another  and  a  worse  mon- 
archy, there  is  little  hope  how  of 
anything  but  a  sickening  list  of 
murders  in  the  name  of  the  King. 
Hundreds  of  revolutionists  have 
l)een  shot  down,  without  even  a 
court-martial,  and  hundreds  more 
are  b;nng  gathered  into  the  toils. 

Still.    Church    and    State   have 


lu'cn  gi\('ii  a  scare  suiricicnt  to 
send  (he  Queen  of  Spain  scurry- 
ing (t\('r  to  the  shelter  of  a  repub- 
lic^ where  she  may  ponder  ui)on 
the  situation  to  the  pi-ofit  of  her 
consort  and  his  people.  P^very- 
one  is  glad  she  and  her  babies  are 
safe,  and  noboTly  would  feel  much 
like  hurting  little  Alfonso.  They 
are  but  figureheads,  after  all. 
The  Jesuits  rule  Spain. 

Upon  the  government's  j)olicy 
now,  in  pursuing  the  Moroccan 
war,  and  more  particularly  in  the 
treatment  accorded  the  rioters, 
will  depend  its  existence.  The 
"iron-hand"  will  work  its  own  de- 
struction, Avhereas  clemency  and 
fair  dealing  will  win  Alfonso,  the 
unlucky  Thirteenth,  a  real  and 
probably  permanent  poj)ularity. 

China's  Railroad  Tangle 

pUSSIA,  Japan,  the  United 
^  States  and  most  of  Europe 
liave  dipped  their  fingers  in  Chi- 
na's railway  "zone"  pie.  The 
first  named  "does  not  recognize 
the  principle  contained  in  the 
notes  of  (ireat  Britain,  (Jermany, 
America  and  Austria,  making  ob- 
jection to  the  Russo-Chinese  pre- 
liminary and  other  agreements 
for  the  administration  of  the  Man- 
churian  railway  zone,"  and  has 
re-imposed  taxes  as  a  protest  at 
what  she  considers  a  violation  of 
the  treaty.  Japan,  in  defiance  of 
China's  protest,  has  begun  the  con- 
struction of  the  Antung-Mukden 
railroad,  acting  upon  the  support 
of  Kiigland.  I'his  railroad  is  of 
mihtary  importance  to  Japan  and 
of  little  other  present  use,  and 
naturally  China  doesn't  want  it 
built  as  a  further  inroad  for  Ja- 
panese domination.    And  the  Uni- 


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Watson's  Jeffersonian  Magazine 


ted  States,  which  ought  to  be  de- 
cent, has  virtually  told  China  that 
she  can  not  herself  build  her  own 
railroads  unless  she  borrows  of 
Pierpont  Morgan  as  well  as  Euro- 
pean financiers  I 

Imagine  the  predicament  of 
China  I  Her  merchants  taxed  by 
l^ussia  in  the  Harbin  district,  her 
protests  set   at    defiance    on    the 


D.  Straight,  consul  general  at 
JSIukden,  give  his  attention  to  the 
negotiation  of  a  loan  for  the 
American  "investors!" 

Favoritism  could  yield  nothing 
more  to  the  Plunderbund  when  it 
maintains  executives  in  foreign 
countries  to  promote  the  exploita- 
tion of  those  countries  by  private 
ffreed  !    The  ministers  of  war  who 


Was  hington,  D.  C.  Herald 


Mukden  line  and  her  Hankow- 
Szechuen  road  halted  until  our 
plutocrats  get  their  share  of  the 
loot !  She  can  not  fight  the  whole 
world,  and  must  submit  to  baiting 
on  every  hand. 

Mr.  Taft  has  actually,  through 
the  ambassadors,  Reid,  "White  and 
Hill,  notified  England,  Germany 
and  France  that  Mr.  Morgan  is  to 
be  consulted  first,  and  has  had  W. 


have  had  the  glory  of  their  own 
empires  burnea  into  their  brains 
had  at  least  the  merit  of  a  certain 
sort  of  patriotism,  misguided  and 
vicious  though  it  might  be,  but 
an  American  official  who  has  noth- 
ing to  do  but  be  the  office-boy  for 
Mr.  Morgan  reaches  about  the 
level  of  the  under-secretarv's  poo- 
dle. 
Chas.  R.  Crane,  newly  appoint- 


Survey  of  the  World 


689 


ed  minister  to  China,  \y1u)  will  as- 
sume his  duties  about  October 
first,  puts  the  loan  nuitter  nicely : 

In  effect,  he  says  that  our  bank- 
ers do  not  want  to  make  money, 
l)eyond  their  interest  on  the  loan. 
That  they  are  "patriotic"  and  de- 
sire the  prestige  of  their  country 
to  be  maintained. 

Sweet  Mr.  Crane, — dear,  genial 
minister,  how  lucky  Mr.  Taft 
foinid  you  for  this  emergency !  In 
order  that  the  patriotic  American 


a  I'lict.  and  it  is  notable  that  it 
is  the  attitude  of  the  Chancellor 
himself  toward  the  position,  far 
more  than  the  attitude  of  the 
Kaiser  toward  him,  that  is  the 
subject  of  connnent.  'J'he  distin- 
guished and  able  gentleman  has 
borne  for  years  the  thankless  and 
burdensome  function  of  being  gen- 
eral scapegoat.  A  stronger  man 
might  have  controlled  situations 
wherem  Von  Bulow  must  merely 
have   suffered.     Wholly   account- 


How  Long  Will  the  Tail  Continue  to  Wag  the  Dog? 

New  ErKland.  throunh  the  power  of  Senator  Aldrich.  is  said  to  dictate  the  leRislation  of  the  entire 

country.  Minneapolis  your/iu/ 


blinkers  may  participate  in  the 
loan,  it  must  be  increased.  That 
IS,  China  must  borrow  much  more 
than  she  intended,  bond  herself 
for  the  debt  the  payment  of  which 
will  be  ground  out  of  her  toiling 
millions,  to  help  no  one  on  earth 
but  a  handful  of  bankers. 

Von  Bulow  Abdicates 

T^lIE   oft   predicted   resignation 

*    of  Von  Bulow,  Chancellor  of 

the  German  Empire,  has  become 


able  to  the  Emperor,  he  was  no 
weak  sycophant ;  and  while  often 
anxious  to  co-ojierate  with  the 
Kcichstag,  there  was  the  insur- 
mountable barrier  created  by  his 
purely  appointive  status  which 
tended  to  discount  his  evidences  of 
sympathy  with  more  democratic 
tendencies,  while  laying  him  lialde 
to  ])ublic  indignation  if  he  failed 
to  fulfil  its  hopes.  P^lected  to  of- 
fice and  holding  an  avowed  leader- 
ship in  any  legislative  body,  the 
Chancellor  would  no  doubt  have 


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Watson's  Jeffersonian  Magazine 


displayed  marked  qualities  of 
statesmanship;  or  as  a  fawner 
upon  the  Kaiser,  he  would 
have  had  an  easier  time.  As 
it  is,  however,  he  found  it  im- 
possible, as  per  Biblical  warn- 
ing, to  serve  two  masters,  and 
to  steer  happily  through  all  the 
intricacies  of  German  politics.  The 
terrible  increase  in  indirect  taxa- 
tion has  created  profound  discon- 
tent throughout  the  Empire,  and 
the  fact  that  such  increases  are  the 
result  of  an  insane  military  and 
naval  policy,  render  them  abhor- 
rent to  the  Socialist  forces,  ably 
led  by  August  Bebel.  These  forces 
grow  stronger  and  less  inclined  to 
be  bulldozed  by  the  "me  unt  Gott" 
policies  of  an  egomaniac  like  Wil- 
helm.  Even  the  "Iron  Chancel- 
lor" would  find  his  ruthless  path 
beset  with  opposition  the  like  of 
which  was  hardly  dreamed  of  in 
his  day,  or  crushed  in  its  very  in- 
cipiency.  Altogether,  the' job  of 
Chancellor  under  the  thumb  of  the 
Emperor  and  the  heel  of  the  peo- 
ple is  one  that  Avould  be  offered  to 
the  peace-loving  or  thin-skinned 
citizen  in  vain,  and  Dr.  Theodore 
von  Bethmann-ITollweg,  the  pres- 
ent incumbent,  is  entitled  to  con- 
dolences. 

Clemenceau  Down,  But 
Hardly  Out 

I N  the  French  cabinet  crisis,  the 
denouement  was  quite  unexpect- 
ed. M.  Clemenceau  had  made  and 
unmade  many  others,  so  that  when 
the  Chamber  of  Deputies  suddenly 
jerked  the  chair  from  under  him 
just  when  he  was  about  to  sit  in 
glory  amid  hearty  approval  of  his 
policies,  there  was  a  certain  retri- 
bution about  it.     In  an  unfortu- 


nate moment,  M.  Clemenceau  al- 
luded to  M.  Delcasse  as  having 
been  responsible  for  the  humilia- 
tion suffered  by  France  in  Mo- 
rocco. France  and  England  had 
practically  agreed  to  occupy  that 
land,  some  five  years  ago,  when 
the  German  government  interpos- 
ed in  no  less  a  person  than  its  own 
Kaiser  Wilhelm,  who,  at  Tangier, 
unhooded  the  Black  Eagles  and 
sent  them  aloft,  screeching.  The 
result  was  the  Algeciras  confer- 
ence, wherein  France  was  made 
to  sing  small.  AA^ar  should  have 
been  declared,  forthwith,  but  the 
French  people  were  not  sufficiently 
wrought  up  over  it,  after  all,  to 
back  M.  Delcasse  in  any  demands 
he  might  have  made,  and  his 
downfall  followed. 

The  sarcastic  reference  by 
Clemenceau  to  Delcasse.  at  the 
height  of  a  heated  debate  upon 
French  naval  affairs,  produced  a 
revulsion  of  feeling  on  the  part  of 
the  deputies  toward  M.  Clemen- 
ceau, whose  resignation  immedi- 
ately followed. 

Auguste  Briand,  his  successor, 
has  pledged  himself  to  continue 
the  Clemenceau  policies.  Although 
a  Socialist.  Briand  has  been  a 
close  associate  and  understudy  of 
Clemenceau. 

Mexico  Not  Happy 

OERIOUS  earthquake  shocks 
•  and  much  rioting  have  been 
Mexico's  portion  during  the  past 
several  weeks.  Scientists  haven't 
decided  upon  the  cause  of  the 
firi^t,  but  the  latter  is  growing  tol- 
erably plain.  It  has  been  clever- 
ly dubbed  "Diazpotism",  Presi- 
dent Porfirio  Diaz  having  ruled 
his  country  for  a  quartei"  of  a  cen- 
turv  with  no  gentle  hand.     He  is 


Survey  of  the  World 


G91 


The  Troubles  of  the  Great  and  the  Near  Great 

—Baltimore  Sun 


692 


Watson's  Jeffersonian  Magazine 


now  making  his  eighth  race  for 
President,  and  will  doubtless  be 
re-elected.  The  contest  is,  how- 
ever, between  Vice-President  Cor- 
ral, supported  for  re-election  by 
Diaz  and  Gen.  Bernardo  Reyes. 
Corral  is  immensely  unpopular 
with  many  Mexicans,  and  is 
charged  with  having  been  lavish 
in  granting  of  special  favors  to 
American  capitalists.  Certain  it 
is  that  Diaz  has  long  pursued  a 
policy  designed  to  win  approval 
of  his  powerful  neighbor  on  the 
North.  And,  so  long  as  our  peo- 
ple and  their  vested  rights  are 
protected,  Diaz  is  sapient  enough 
to  realize  that  his  shortcomings 
as  to  his  own  people  will  be  over- 
looked, or  his  dynasty  upheld  in 
event  of  revolution. 

The  Daylight  Bill 

T^HERE  has  been  freak  legisla- 
tion a-plenty,  from  attempting 
to  regulate  the  width  of  "Merry 
Widow"  hats,  to  reimbursing 
anybody,  anywhere,  for  any  loss 
they  happened  to  sustain,  from 
funds  in  bank  to  dropping  a  glove 
or  mislaying  the  evening  paper; 
but  of  all  the  purely  ridiculous 
things,  the  English  Daylight  plan 
strikes  one  as  being  so  amusing  as 
to  stand  without  a  parallel.  For 
over  a  year  Mr.  William  Willett 
has  been  obsessed  with  the  idea 
that  by  tinkering  with  the  clock 
all  England's  troubles  would  van- 
ish and  even  the  Hooligans  would 
become  lusty,  six-foot  beef-eaters 
as  of  yore.  The  idea  is  to  set  the 
clock  ahead  one  hour  on  April 
20th  and  put  it  back  again  one 
hour  on  September  the  20th,  keep- 
ing ordinary  time  the  balance  of 
the  year.    This  is  not  to  fool  peo- 


ple so  much  as  to  induce  them  to 
fool  themselves,  which  after  all,- 
IS  not  so  very  hard  to  do.  The 
plan,  more  elegantly  stated  would 
be  to: 

"Promote  the  greater  use  of 
daylight  for  recreative  purposes. 

"Facilitate  the  training  of  Ter- 
ritorial forces. 

"Benefit  the  physique,  general 
health,  and  welfare  of  all  classes 
of  the  community. 

"Reduce  the  industrial,  com- 
mercial, and  domestic  expendi- 
ture on  artificial  light." 

There  are  those  who  still  cling 
to  the  ancient  fallacy  that  there 
is  some  peculiar  virtue  in  the 
morning  hours,  notwithstanding 
the  facts  of  existence  seem  to 
prove  that  those  who  lie  abed 
keep  their  youthful  freshness 
some  twenty  years  longer  than  the 
mortal  who  is  frantic  to  rise  with 
the  sun.  Be  that  as  it  may,  how- 
ever, Mr.  Willett  seems  to  forget 
that  artificial  light  is  not  much 
consumed  after  five  o'clock  in  the 
summer  mornings,  so  that  argu- 
ment is  futile;  and  he  likewise 
fails  to  take  into  account  that 
kind  of  greed  which  would  be 
glad  of  the  coercion  of  an  arbi- 
trary time-piece  to  get  employees 
to  work  an  hour  earlier,  but 
would  be  very  certain  to  consult 
the  sun  so  far  as  letting  them  off 
was  concerned. 

The  ludicrous  imitators  in 
America,  styling  themselves  the 
National  Daylight  Association  of 
Cincinnati,  would  do  well  to  agree 
among  themselves  to  get  up  be- 
fore day,  but  to  let  the  American 
public  have  its  breakfast  at  just 
about  the  same  time  it  has  been 
accustomed  to  for  some  several 
hundred  j^ears. 


Survey  of  the  World 


C93 


The  Congressman's  Homecoming 


-Baltimore  Sun 


Revolution  Rolls  South 

TTHE  turbulent  zone  recently 
moved  southward  from  Cen- 
tral America  and  Venezuela.  Co- 
lombia has  been  working  up  a 
revolution  against  Rafael  Reyes, 
sufficient  reason  seeming  to  ex- 
ist in  the  absence  of  Mr.  Reyes 
in  London.  According  to  the  un- 
written law  of  South  American 
Republics,  if  a  President  wants 
to  hold  his  job  he  must  sit  right 
on  the  lid  himself,  and  no  substi- 
tute may  be  trusted  to  hold  it 
down  while  he  is  awa}'.  General 
Jorge  Holguin  is  acting  Presi- 
dent and  has  declared  martial  law 
throughout  the  country.  The 
situation  is  said  to  be  grave.  It 
IS  difficult  to  get  accurate  reports. 
The  revolution,  however,  is  doubt- 
less the  outgrowth  of  tlie  discon- 
tent of  the  Colombians  over  the 
loss  of  Panama  and  dissatisfac- 
tion with  the  triple  treaty  between 


Panama,  the  United  States  and 
Colombia,  which  is  as  yet  unrati- 
fied by  the  latter  countr3\ 

Mr.  Reyes  is  said  to  have  de- 
clared his  intention  not  to  press 
his  claim  to  the  presidency,  which 
makes  for  tranquility. 

*  ***** 

Bolivia  and  Peru  are  having 
the  inevitable  trouble  that  arises 
from  the  misplacement  of  the  line 
fence.  Recently  Brazil  bought 
from  Bolivia  for  ten  million 
dollars  the  famous  Acre  district, 
the  title  to  which  was  then  in  dis- 
pute between  Peru  and  Bolivia. 
Left  to  the  arbitration  of  Presi- 
dent Alcorta  of  the  Argentine  Re- 
public, his  awanl  was  in  favor  of 
Bolivia  and,  therefore,  highly  un- 
satisfactory to  the  citizens  of 
Peru,  some  of  whom,  to  more  ade- 
quately^ express  their  displeasure, 
attacked  the  Argentine  Legation 
at  La   Paz.     Should   the  trouble 


694 


Watson's  Jeffersonian  Magazine 


result  m  real  hostilities  between 
the  two  countries  chiefly  at  inter- 
est, Brazil  would  inevitably  be 
drawn  into  the  melee,  but  it  is 
probable  that  neither  nation  is 
able  or  ready  to  go  to  actual  war. 
The  Acre  territory  has  been  a 
fruitful  cause  of  trouble  for  dec- 
ades, and  the  present  exacerba- 
tion appears  very  like  a  pre- 
arranged scheme  on  the  part  of 
the  two  larger  and  stronger  coun- 
tries, Peru  and  Argentina,  to  in- 
troduce some  European  territorial 
partition  plan.  What  influence  is 
inciting  the  mobs  in  Bolivia  to  at- 
tack the  foreign  residents  there  is 
shrewdly  suspected  to  be  not 
wdiolly  of  Bolivian  origin. 

War  on  the  Cotton  Grower 

T^HE  Southern  Soft  Yarn  Spin- 
ners' Association,  in  confer- 
ence assembled  at  Asheville,  N. 
C,  on  August  7th,  has  formulated 
the  plan  of  reducing  the  output 
and  private  instructions  will  be 
sent  to  each  member  of  the  asso- 
ciation shortly.  One  member  of 
this  patriotic  body  is  quoted  as 
saying : 

"Witli  cotton  at  present  prices,  there 
is  not  a  spinner  in  the  association  who 
can  produce  yarns  at  a  profit  unless  it 
happened  that  he  had  his  cotton  on 
hand.  Alany  mills  have  been  closed 
down,  and  reports  have  been. constantly 
coming  in  recently  of  others  that  will 
close.  This  condition,  however,  is  tem- 
porary, we  think." 

Notwithstanding  that  the  cotton 
manufacturer  got  especial,  tariff 
favors  and  notwithstanding  the 
price  of  cotton  goods,  especially 
the  coarse  cotton  hosiery  and  oth- 
er chea]xu-  cloth  used  by  the  mass- 
es, is  going  up,  the  mere  fact  that 


the  farmer  is  to  obtain  as  much 
as  12  cents  for  his  cotton  is 
enough  to  bring  on  the  cut-throat 
methods  of  these  industrial  brig- 
ands, whom  no  favors  can  satisfy 
and  no  considerations  of  humani- 
ty affect. 

No  Celestials  Need  Apply 

A    BILL  has  been  introduced  in 

the     Duma     providing     that 

measures  be  taken  against  the  in- 


What  Taxing  Corporations 
Will  Amount  to. 


-Webster  in  Des  Moines  News 


flux  of  Coreans  and  Chinese  and 
other  aliens  in  Amur  district. 
This,  to  us,  seems  a  very  remote 
cry  of  the  Yellow  Peril,  but  is 
only  the  voice  of  Eastern  Europe 
again  raised  in  protest  against  the 
invasion  of  the  Oriental  hordes. 

The  Income  Tax 

RATIFICATION    of    the    pro- 
vision    for    a    Constitutional 
amendment   enabling   the    United 


Survey  of  the  World 


695 


States  to  k'vv  an  iiicoiiii'  tax  is 
now  j?oin<j^  the  rounds  of  the  state 
legislatures,  Alal)ania  having  the 
honor  of  votinu:  allirniatively  and 
(Jeorgia  the  stigma  of  weakly  ta- 
bling the  question,  thus  delaying 
its  eonsideration  for  at  least  a 
year.  Other  states  will  act,  as 
their  legislatures  convene. 

Consideration  of  an  income  tax 
seemed  remote  during  the  earlier 
days  of  the  Cist  Congress,  but  by 
an  unexpected  coalition  between 
the  Bailey  and  Cummins  forces, 
the  measure  was  quickly  placed  in 
such  shape  before  both  Senate  and 
House  that  it  passed  by  a  large 
majority. 

Thirty-five  states  must  ratify 
the  amendment,  after  which  it 
must  run  the  gauntlet  of  the  Su- 
preme Court.  So  the  w^ay  of  the 
Income  Tax  is  seen  to  be  beset 
Avith  difficulties.  That  these  are 
all  specious,  selfish  and  distinctly 
artificial  the  briefest  considera- 
tion will  show.  The  justice  of  an 
Income  Tax  would  seem  to  be  be- 
yond question,  and  it  is  now  in 
practical  and  satisfactory  opera- 
tion in  Great  Britain,  wdiere 
equitable  distinction  is  drawn  in 
favor  of  earned  as  against  un- 
earned incomes;  in  France,  where 
all  incomes  are  taxed,  in  varying 
percentages;  in  Italy,  which  ex- 
•empts  the  very  poor;  in  Holland, 
Spain,  Denmark,  Norway  and 
Japan.  In  the  United  States,  an 
income  tax  is  in  operation  in 
many  states  and  w^as  at  one  time 
successfully  employed  by  the  Fed- 
•eral  (lovernment,  and  would  have 
been  for  many  years  since  were  it 
not  for  the  adverse  decision  by 
the  Supreme  Court,  made  possi- 
ble by  the  reversal  of  himself  by 
one  of  the  judges  thereof. 


It  is  virtually  concedeil  tiiat 
New  England  will  turn  down  the 
proposition.  One  coidd  expect 
nothing  but  rock-ribbed  and  im- 
pregnable jn'otection  of  swollen 
fortmies  by  that  section.  It  is 
hoi)ed  that  from  the  South  and 
AVest  will  come  sufficient  assent- 
ing voices  to  completely  ratify 
the  amendment. 

Hypocrisy  has  played  so  large 
a  part,  however,  that  it  scarcely 
occasions  surprise  to  hear  the 
Hon.  Elihu  H.  Root  saying,  be- 
fore an  Income  Tax  measure  was 
even  in  embryo: 

"I  tliink  the  United  States  ought  to 
liave  tlie  power  to  lay  and  collect  an  in- 
come tax,  because  I  want  my  country  to 
iiave  the  power  to  summon  every  dollar 
possible  to  its  relief  in  times  of  dis- 
tress!" 

And  then,  before  the  Senate, 
l)assioiiateIy  j)rotesting  against  it 
in  the  following  words: 

"llr.  President,  what  is  it  that  we  pro- 
pose to  do  with  the  Supreme  Court?  Is 
it  the  ordinary  case  of  a  suitor  asking 
for  a  rehearing?  No;  do  not  let  us  de- 
lude ourselves  about  that.  It  is  that  the 
Congress  of  the  United  States  shall  de- 
liberately pass,  and  tne  President  of  the 
United  States  shall  sign,  and  that  the 
legislative  and  executive  departments 
thus  conjointly  sliall  place  upon  the  stat- 
ute books  as  a  law  a  measure  which  the 
Supreme  Court  has  declared  to  be  uncon- 
stitutional and  void.  And  then,  Mr. 
President,  what  are  we  to  encounter?  A 
campaign  of  oratory  upon  the  stump,  of 
editorials  in  the  press,  of  demuu-iation 
and  imputation  designed  to  compel  that 
great  tribunal  to  yield  to  the  force  of 
the  opinion  «>f  the  executive  and  the 
legislative  branches.  If  they  yield,  what 
tiien  ?  Where  then  would  be  the  confi- 
dence ot  our  people  in  the  justice  of 
their  judgment?  If  they  refuse  to  yield, 
what  then  ?  A  breach  between  the  two 
parts  of  our  (Jovernment,  with  popular 
acclaim  behind  the  popular  branch,  all 
setting  against  the  indejwndence,  the 
dignity,    the    respect,    the    sacredness    of 


696 


Watson's  Jeffersonian  Magazine 


that  great  tribunal  whose  function  in 
our  system  of  government  has  made  us 
unlike  any  republic  that  ever  existed  in 
the  world,  whose  part  in  our  Govern- 
ment is  the  greatest  contribution  that 
America   has  made  to  political  science." 

Justice  Brewer,  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  passing  on  the  question  be 
fore  it  had  been  brought  before 
his  tribunal,  made  the  following 
queerly  illogical  remarks: 

"The  power  to  tax,  as  John  Marshall 
said,  is  tlie  power  to  destroy.  If  once 
you  give  the  power  to  the  nation  to  tax 
all  the  incomes,  you  give  them  the  power 
to  tax  the  States,  not  out  of  their  exist- 
ence, but  out  of  their  vitality." 

Of  course,  the  mere  necessity  of 
ratification  by  three-fourths  of 
the  States  abundantly  vindicates 
the  question  of  their  vitality. 

But  the  most  convincing  argu- 
ment that  could  be  brought 
against  the  measure  is  that  of 
Honest  John  D.  Kockefeller,  who 
protests  that: 

"When  a  man  has  accumulated  a  sum 
ot  money  within  the  law,  that  is  to  say, 
in  a  legally  honest  way,  the  people  no 
longer  have  any  right  to  share  in  the 
earnings  resulting  from  that  accumula- 
tion. The  man  has  respected  the  law  in 
accumulating  the  money.  Ex-post-facto 
laws  shoula  not  apply  to  property  rights. 
Man's  right  to  undivided  ownership  of 
his  property,  in  whatever  form,  cannot 
be  denied  liim  by  any  process  short  of 
confiscation." 

The  sonorous  "confiscation" 
will  sound  and  reverberate 
through  the  land  in  the  course  of 
legislative  debate.  But  it  has  lost 
a  little  of  its  ominous  effect.  We 
are  learning  that  where  unwise 
laws  have  made  possible  colossal 
injustice,  we  need  remedy;  and 
where  a  puny  rascal  has  depend- 
ed upon  society  to  protect  his 
property  accumulations  that,  left 
to  himself,  wouldn't  be  safe  over 
night,  society  has  a  right  to  be  re- 


paid for  the  service  in  any  form 
of  taxation  it  may  please. 

Any  method  will  be  fought 
that  looks  toward  relieving  the 
wealth  producer  from  bearing  the 
entire  burden,  but  it  should  go 
hard  with  any  legislator  who 
lines  up  with  the  plutocrats  who 
can  live  in  Europe,  contribute 
nothing  to  their  country,  and 
have  their  protected  incomes  sent 
them  intact, — the  rent  roll  ground 
out  of  the  poor,  the  dividends  on 
stock  and  bonds,  the  interest  on 
loans  and  mortgages.  Any  legis- 
lator who  cannot  see  this,  is  eith- 
er stupid  or  coerced. 

Sweden  on  a  Strike 

AS  we  go  to  press,  Sweden  is  in 
the  throes  of  a  general  labor 
strike,  the  United  Federation  of 
Trades  having  tied  up  nearly 
every  industry.  Stockholm  has 
been  the  chief  sufferer,  together 
with  the  other  larger  cities,  they 
being  unable  to  get  food-stuffs 
brought  m.  The  babies  have  suf- 
fered for  milk,  and  the  grave-dig- 
gers have  refused  in  many  in- 
stances to  fulfil  their  offices.  King 
Gustave  is  desirous  of  acting  as 
peacemaker,  but  the  Socialists  are 
using  the  opportunity,  so  far  as 
they  dare,  to  declare  a  strike 
against  the  king  and  things  mon- 
archial.  Much  help  is  being  sent 
the  strikers  from  their  fellow- 
tradesmen  in  other  countries,  and 
the  outcome  of  so  sudden,  general 
and  complete  cessation  of  labor 
will  be  awaited  with  interest. 


The  big  strike  at  McKees  Rocks 
plant,  near  Pittsburg,  drags  on 
with  all  the  savage  horror  of 
medieval    times;    troops    hurling 


Survey  of  the  World 


697 


ijrapesliot  into  strikers,  Avho  re- 
taliate as  best  they  can;  women 
beaten  down  by  the  constabulary; 
strike-breakers  brought  in  under 
false  pretenses,  and  held  in  peon- 
age at  the  point  of  ^uns;  pto- 
maine poisoning  among  these 
ha  If -starved  men  from  cheap 
canned  rations;  evictions  of  help- 
less families — the  list  is  one  long 
piteous  tale  of  blood  and  cruelty, 
all  because  blister  Hoffstot  "re- 
fuses to  arbitrate''  and  the  au- 
thorities back  him  up  in  his  in- 
solence. 

"Pinchotism"  That  Counts 

AT  THE  National  Irrigation 
Convention  at  Spokane,  Gif- 
ford  Pinchot  exj^ressed  himself  in 
no  uncertain  terms  as  to  the  con- 
trol of  the  waterways.  It  is  not 
possible  to  judge,  perhaps,  of  the 
relative  value  of  conservation  of 
the  forests  and  of  the  water-pow- 
er, but  one  would  be  inclined  to 
be  more  apprehensive  about  the 
loss  of  water  than  of  woods. 

Mr.  Pinchot  charges  that  there 
is  a  trust  forming  to  gain  control 
of  all  the  water  power  of  the  Uni- 
ted State.  It  is  not  very  difficult 
to  see  this  in  the  steady  "develop- 
ment" of  water  poAver  by  such 
concerns  as  the  Westinghouse 
liilectric    Company,    the    General 


Electric  Company  and  many  oth- 
ers. To  utilize  running  water  as 
the  basis  of  electrical  energy  will 
be  one  of  man's  greatest  achieve- 
ments. Herbert  Spencer  long  ago 
pointed  out  the  coincidence  of 
happy  invention  with  human 
need,  and,  as  we  see  the  fuel  di- 
minish in  the  forests  and  mines, 
it  is  only  a  question  of  getting 
heat,  light  and  power  from  some 
source  other  than  combustion.  Our 
Wall  Street  Captains  have  seen 
this,  and  are  laying  their  plans 
deeply  and  well.  At  point  after 
j)oint,  water  power  is  passing  into 
the  hands  of  trust  subsidiaries. 
The  result  will  be  the  most  com- 
plete and  abject  enslavement  of 
the  public  to  monopoly  the  world 
has  ever  known.  "The  time  for 
protest  is  very  short  and  the  water 
power  trust  will  show  very  little 
consideration  for  the  common  peo- 
ple, if  once  the  power  of  the  com- 
pany is  centralized.  In  power 
there  is  life^  and  tlie  'power  trust 
will  eventually  control  all  other 
trnstsy 

Mr.  Pinchot  has  sounded  a 
warning  that  every  legislature 
should  hear  and  every  court  heed 
whenever  a  corporation  comes  be- 
fore it  with  an  offer  of  purchase, 
or  plea  for  charter,  that  involves 
surrendering  any  public  advan- 
tages. 


Jlcatlt 


By  Jake  H.  Harrison 


AntitlTcsis  of  life  an^  Uiil|t, 
J^  toiltin0  anil  a  Bearing  hUtil|t, 
The  ^arkncss  of  ctrmal  night. 


%\]t  monster  Uijiom  the  liinnt\  Ijatc, 
(Df  case  anb  rest  i\\t  sister  mate, 
iThe  ken  titat  opens  lieaben's  pate. 


Watson's  Jeffersonian  Magazine 


Forget 

By  James  W.  Phillips 

Once,  when  the  day  was  weird, 
And  youthful  dream  was  seared, 
I  held  the  lexicon 
Of  love,  and  looked  upon 
Its  pages  one  by  one. 

Small  effort  brought  to  view 
'Remorse,"  "regret"  and  "rue" 

"Rembrance,"  "wrong,"  "forgive," 
With  each  derivative. 
Within  its  lids  did  live. 

But  long  I  sought  the  word 

Of  which  old  saints  have  heard. 

And  in  their  hearts  have  guessed 
The  meaning  of  the  rest 
That  in  their  lives  was  prest. 

But  on  no  page  I  met 

The  magic  word  "Forget," 

That  tome  so  dim  with  mold, 
So  amber  and  so  old. 
That  word  can  never  hold. 

And  so  I  closed  the  book. 
Weary  to  longer  look. 

Forgive?    That  seal  is  set ; 

But  death  must  first  be  met 

Before  I  can  forget ! 


A  GLIMPSE  OF  NEWER 
FRANCE 

By  EARNEST   CAWCROFT 


THE    Quebec   Ter-Ceiiteiiary 
has   ceased    to    be    a    news 
feature   and   it  has   passed 
within   the   circle   of   tho-e   more 
recent  events  awaiting  the  treat- 
ment    of     the     historian.      Soon 
a    year   will   have   rolled    around 
since  the  peoples  of  three  nations 
gathered  in  the  lanes  of  Quebec 
to    celebrate    the    Ter-Centenary, 
and    then    the    chronicle    of    this 
event  will   be   added  by   devoted 
pens  to  the  existing  vivid  chap- 
ters   in    the    lives    of    such    men 
as     Champlain,     Montcalm     and 
Wolfe.     We  must  view  this  cele- 
bration as  dealing,  as  finding  its 
setting  in   fact,  in  the  historical 
Quebec.     This  celebration  was  a 
tribute  to  the  triumphs  of  cour- 
age, rather  than  to   the  achieve- 
ments of  commerce;  it  served  to 
call  to  the  minds  of  the  people  of 
three  nations  the  part  Avhich  the 
French    played    in    entering    the 
then  unknown  waters  of  the  St. 
Lawrence    River,    traversing    the 
basin  of  the  Great  Lakes,  and  ex- 
ploring the  valley  of  the  Missis- 
sippi.     Thus    the    celebration    of 
the  Ter-Centenary  became  an  af- 
fair   of    the    heart    more    than    a 
studied  appreciation  of  the  head. 
The   immediate  consequence  of 
this  ensuing  portrayal  of  the  his- 
torical Quebec  has  found  expres- 
sion in  over-impressing  upon  the 
minds    of    the    people    of    North 
America   the   relative  importance 


of  the  events   of  the  seventeenth 
and  eighteenth  centuries  in  com-   , 
parison  with  the  incidents  of  the 
nnieteenth    century    development 
of  connnercial  Quebec.    This  does 
not  imply  that  the  explorers  and 
conquerors  sent  by  Old  France  to 
Xewer    France    have    been    given 
more    than    their    just    dues    as 
measured     by     historical     stand- 
ards; but  it  does  mean  that  the 
chronicle  of  the  men  who  made 
historical    Quebec   should   not   be 
reiterated  to  the  exclusion  of  the 
story   of  the  efforts  of   the   cap- 
tains of  commerce  who  combined 
to  create  a  living  Quebec.     Que- 
bec   has    been    and    will    remain 
while  the  Continent  lasts,  a  tour- 
ist   center;    but    the    mistake    is 
made   when   it   is   regarded   as   a 
mere  tomb  to  be   visited   by   the 
living  l)ent  upon  curious  or  wise 
appreciation  of  the  deeds  of  the 
dead.    Quebec  did  not  cease  to  be 
interesting    when    the    ships    of 
modern  commerce  took  the  place 
of   the   picture  boats  of  Champ- 
lain;  the  story  of  the  Trovince  is 
not  completed  from  an  American 
standjioint     when    the    deeds    of 
Wolfe  alone  are  re-told;  and  the 
Province   cannot   be   regarded   as 
the    historical    Concord    or    T^ex- 
mgton   of  the   Dominion,   center- 
ing around   the   figure   of  Mont- 
calm, when  it  is  entitled  to  con- 
sideration    as     a     live,     vigorous 
state    involving    in    its    problems 


700 


Watson's  Jeffersonian  Magazine 


principles  of  racial  and  interna- 
tional significance.  Then  when 
we  speak  of  historical  Quebec  the 
reading  tourist  may  be  right  in 
assuming  that  we  mean  the  cita- 
del city,  but  when  we  refer  to 
Quebec  in  this  modern  day  we 
imply  that  vast  territorial  domain 
rich  in  agricultural  and  commer- 
cial possibilities. 

Roosevelt  moved  to  his  inaugu- 
ration escorted  by  a  parade  in 
Vv'hich  the  surviving  Red  Men  of 
the  AVest  played  a  picturesque 
part,  but  the  apjjlauding  multi- 
tude spoke  the  P^nglish  tongue; 
the  King  of  Britain  rides  into  his 
capital  to  be  greeted  by  people 
who  speak  no  words  but  those  of 
the  Bard  of  Avon;  but  during 
the  Ter  -  Centenary  celebration 
the  Prince  of  Wales,  heir-appar- 
ent to  the  throne  of  France's  tra- 
ditional enemy,  entered  Quebec 
saluted  by  the  thunder  of  British 
guns  but  welcomed  by  the  huzzas 
of  French-speaking  peoples.  And 
this  strange  swinging  of  the  his- 
torical pendulum,  this  situation 
wherein  the  conquered  French 
had  the  satisfaction  of  welcom- 
ing the  conquerors  in  the  lan- 
guage of  the  former  as  the  ad- 
mittedly predominant  tongue  of 
the  Province,  contains  in  its  im- 
plications problems  of  immediate 
interest. 

This  celebration  served  to  re- 
call to  the  minds  of  thousands 
the  lessons  of  their  school  days  in 
which  the  junior  historian  pic- 
tured in  colorless  phrases  even 
the  picturesque  part  played  by 
the  French  in  the  settlement  of 
the  lands  bordering  on  the  North- 
erly line  of  the  St.  Lawrence 
River;  but  those  same  people  in 
manv    instances    have    failed    to 


comprehend  the  full  significance 
of  the  events  now  given  expres- 
sion in  the  French  development  of 
the  Province  of  Quebec.  Today 
the  singular  fact  is  presented  to 
the  world  of  a  conquered  j)rovince 
refusing  to  accept  the  benevolent 
assimilation  of  the  conquerors 
while  manifesting  no  hostile  in- 
clinations whatever.  In  other 
words,  the  French  people  are  con- 
tent to  maintain  their  racial  so- 
lidarity, under  the  protecting  in- 
fluence of  the  British  Govern- 
ment. These  facts  are  a  credit  to 
the  government  which  makes 
them  possible,  a  compliment  in- 
deed to  the  genius  of  the  French 
race  as  a  matter  of  fact.  This  re- 
fusal of  the  conquered  to  adopt 
the  tongue  of  the  conquerors  has 
not  been  fully  appreciated  by  the 
latter.  Perhaps  the  shadow  of 
the  British  throne,  coupled  with 
the  line  of  fortifications  along  the 
vSt.  Lawrence  flying  the  Union 
Jack,  have  caused  people  to  over- 
look the  acknowledged  fact  that 
Quebec  to  all  intents  is  a  Newer 
France,  and  that  Montreal  is  the 
commercial  capital  of  the  terri- 
tory while  Quebec  is  the  histori- 
cal and  political  cosmopolis. 
Thus  it  is  not  surprising  that  the 
stolid  English  tourist  may  be 
pained  by  participating  in  an  in- 
cident on  the  streets  of  Montreal 
in  which  he  asks  a  question  in  the 
tongue  of  Byron  and  receives  an 
answer  from  a  blue  coat  in  the 
tongue  of  Hugo.  The  complete 
meaning  of  this  fact  will  dawn 
upon  the  student  of  racial  ten- 
dencies when  it  is  recalled  that 
eighteen  hundred  thousand 
Frenchmen  live  in  the  Province 
and  out  of  that  number  and  the 
remaining    population,    only   five 


Glimpse  of  Newer  France 


:()! 


hundred  thousand  speak  the  Eng- 
lish tongue.  Nor  can  the  fact  be 
eliminated  from  this  discussion 
that  the  settlements  for  whose 
mastery  the  conquerors  fought 
have  developed  into  such  cities  as 
Quebec  and  Montreal  under 
French  c(mnnercial  guidance  and 
constructive  genius. 

And  what  is  the  area,  i)ivotal 
location   and   possibilities  of  this 
scene    of    the     triumph     of    the 
French   race    in    newer    France? 
Possessing  a   frontal   position   on 
the  (lulf  of  St.  Lawrence  and  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  bordered  by  the 
river    which    empties    the    Great 
Lakes  into  the  sea,  and  extending 
northerly  to  the  promising  shores 
of  Hudson  Bay,  the  original  four 
hundred  thousand  square  miles  of 
land  comprising  the  Province  of 
Quebec  have  been  enlarged  to  an 
area   of  eight  hundred   thousand 
through  the  operations  of  the  July 
l*arliament   annexing  IJngava   to 
the  existing  domain.    Within  this 
vast  domain  are  situated  thriving 
cities  and  substantial  villages  of 
assured    growth;    untouched  for- 
ests skirt  the    centers  of    popula- 
tion and  the  large  rivers  running 
from  the  tree  covered  regions  of 
the  North  to  the  Gulf  ports  of  the 
South  provide  a  swift  and  cheap 
means  of  moving  and  converting 
the  trees  into  timber  for  manufac- 
turing   purposes;    coal    has    been 
found,    and   substantial    iron    ore 
deposits  are  known  to  exist  in  the 
North.     While  the  Province  does 
not  claim  to  be  a  wheat  growing 
country,  and  although  it  has  no 
claim    to    distinctive    agricultural 
interests    in    the    sense    that  Al- 
berta    and     Saskatchewan     con- 
stitute    an     empire     of     wheat, 
it     is    admittedlv     a     domain    of 


mixed      and     profitable      general 
farming.     Maintaining    its  place 
as  the  historical  center  and  com- 
mercial  pivot  of    the   Dominion, 
the  fact  is  of  increasing  signifi- 
cance that  Quebec  is  becoming  one 
of  the  leading  agricultural  prov- 
inces of  the  Dominion.     An   ex- 
planation of  this  movement    iVoiii 
the  cities  to  the    farms    may    be 
found  in  considering  the  fact  that 
the  French  are  willing  to  forsake 
the  factories  for  the  farms  at  their 
first  opportunity.     Recent  statis- 
tics compiled  by  our  Department 
of  Commerce  and  Labor  show  that 
France  has  a   larger  wealth   per 
capita  than    any    other    civilized 
nation.    And  what  is  the  cause  of 
this  general  and  individual  accu- 
mulation of  wealth,  remembering 
that  in  rural  France  is  presented 
the  singular  condition  of  accumu- 
lated wealth  existing  without  the 
ensuing  reduction  of  the  farmers 
to   dire   poverty?      Plainly,   it   is 
due  to  the  intensive  methods  of 
farming    prevailing     in     France. 
The  Kepulilic,  having  caught  the 
scientific  methods  of  the  conquer- 
ing Germans,  and  applying  it  to 
the  farm  lands,  rendered  possible 
Ihe  payment  of  the  two  billion  in- 
demnity which  Bismarck  exacted 
as  a    condition    precedent  to  the 
withdrawal  of  the  Prussian  troops 
from  the  gates  of  Paris.  The  skill 
and    perseverance   thus   displayed 
by  the  people  who  were  and  are 
al>le  to  extract  such  vast  wealth 
even  from  a  soil  tilled  from  the 
time  of  the  Roman  emperors,  is 
certain  to  be  followed  by  marked 
results  when  applied  to  the  virgin 
lands  comprising  the  Province  of 
Quebec.      Thus   Ave   find   that  the 
French     peasants    take    a    direct 
steamship  from  Havre  and  other 


702 


Watson's  Jeffersonian  Magazine 


native  ports  for  the  St.  Lawrence 
river  cities,  and  then  forthwith 
entering  the  interior  to  seek  wealth 
by  tliOse  same  vigorous  methods 
as  they  utilized  in  the  old  coun- 
try, couj^led  with  the  added  stimu- 
lus and  advantage  of  a  virgin  soil 
possessing  in  al)undance  those  ele- 
ments of  nutrition  which  must 
have  existed  in  the  Mother  Coun- 
try in  the  days  of  the  Caesars. 

But  the  development  of  the 
farming  resources  of  Quebec  is  one 
of  the  assured  subjects  for  concrete 
study  in  the  future.  The  increas- 
ing number  of  French  peasants 
settling  in  Quebec,  and  the  zeal 
with  which  the  dutiful  children 
remain  upon  the  old  homestead, 
thereby  obviating  the  absentee  la- 
bor problem  prevalent  in  the  agri- 
cultural districts  of  the  United 
States,  are  the  combined  factors 
which  augur  well  for  the  future 
of  the  agricultural  portions  of 
Newer  France.  Indeed,  those  who 
have  visited  France  prior  to  tour- 
ing Quebec  are  struck  with  the  re- 
semblance between  the  cultivated 
rural  portions  of  the  Province  and 
that  section  of  the  Old  World 
country  adjoining  the  famous 
military  highways  converging  at* 
Amiens.  There  seems  to  be  that 
same  tint  of  grass,  a  similar  gleam 
to  the  atmosphere  on  a  summer 
afternoon,  and,  indeed,  a  like  at- 
tention given  to  the  very  details 
of  farming;  a  noticeable  resolve 
to  get  the  largest  production  out 
of  every  acre  without  sapping 
those  elements  of  soil  which  are 
the  basis  of  successful  tillage  in 
future  years. 

Further  consideration  of  rural 
Quebec  may  be  dismissed  when  it 
is  borne  in  mind  that  in  the  cities 
of     Quebec     and     Montreal     the 


French  genius  has  displayed  itself 
m  the  settlement  ana  development 
of  Newer  France.  Here  in  these 
growing  towns  the  French  vigor 
and  constructive  capacity  has  out- 
raced  the  conquering  Englishmen 
as  measured  by  those  peaceable 
standards  of  accumulating  wealth, 
evident  political  power  and  the 
continual  increase  of  the  already 
predominant  Gallic  population. 

The  experienced  tourist  who 
views  the  marks  of  European 
hands  upon  the  City  of  Quebec 
Avill  not  be  surprised  when  inform- 
ed that  the  solidarity  of  Newer 
France  shows  no  signs  of  weaken- 
ing. In  this  instance,  the  j^ower 
of  "benevolent  assimilation"  has 
l)8en  exercised  by  the  conquered, 
not  by  the  conquerors;  just  as  in 
the  South  the  hand  of  the  aristo- 
cratic w^hite  families  has  stayed 
the  power  of  the  triumphant 
blacks  backed  by  the  Federal  Gov- 
ernment. These  two  instances  on 
the  Continent  of  North  America 
are  the  most  remarkable  in  the 
world's  racial  history;  and  as  the 
Gallic  hold  on  the  Province  of 
Quebec  seems  to  become  stronger, 
while  the  negro  domination  of  the 
South  is  destined  to  disappear  by 
the  tacit  consent  of  the  Northern- 
ers, a  consideration  of  the  possi- 
bilities involved  in  the  former 
situation,  as  bearing  upon  the  po- 
litical map-changing  of  the  Conti- 
nent, includes  an  interesting  study 
of  the  salient  features  of  racial 
preservation. 

Were  a  European  transported 
by  flying  machine  during  the 
course  of  one  night  to  the  City  of 
Quebec,  he  would  arise  in  the 
morning  thinking  that  he  had 
merely  moved  to  another  part  of 
the  Continent.     From  the  cathe- 


Glimpse  of  Newer  France 


703 


dral-like  oinhaiiknuMit  lio  would 
look  down  iip<.)ii  the  ships  tlyiiiii: 
the  fla^s  of  all  nations.  wcK-oinod 
to  the  broad  port  ati'orded  by  tlu^ 
wiilenin*^  !>t.  Lawrence  nearin<^ 
the  Atlantic;  and  from  the  win- 
dows of  the  pictnresque  Chateau 
Frontenac  he  could  look  down  on 
the  business  blocks  and  residences 
possessinfj  every  evidence  of  Eu- 
ropean design  and  construction. 
Then  Quebec  is  a  city  of  spacious 
highways  and  alternating  lanes, 
each  leading  to  a  public  square  in 
the  center  of  which  memorial 
monuments  remind  one  of  the 
taste  displayed  in  Paris.  Thus  on 
every  hand,  the  citadel  on  one 
side  and  the  ships  on  the  other,  the 
dash  given  to  the  city  by  the  sol- 
diers, the  monuments  to  French 
explorers  and  generals,  the  uni- 
formly dressed  boys  and  girls  stud- 
ying under  the  direction  of  the 
religious  orders,  the  French  flags 
and  the  quaint  taverns,  combine 
to  retain  those  characteristics  of 
Old  AA'orld  life  which  are  the  fac- 
tors in  maintaining  the  solidarity 
of  the  French  in  Newer  France. 
This  proposition  is  plain  to  every 
reader  who  remembers  that  adult 
persons  seldom  change  within 
themselves,  but  only  as  they  enter 
a  new  country  where  the  dissimi- 
lar customs  and  wider  measure  of 
self-government  permit  of  altered 
expression. 

And  what  is  the  eii'ect  of  this 
admitted  condition  upon  the  Gal- 
lic predominance  in  Quebec  and 
the  consequent  political  develop- 
ments? It  is  plain  that  every 
force  is  working  to  preserve  the 
religious,  social  and  political  soli- 
darity of  the  French  in  Quebec. 
AMien  eighty  persons  out  of  a  hun- 
dred in  Quebec  speak  French  only, 


what  incentive  is  ati'orded  the 
peasant  to  learn  the  tongue  of  his 
King  Kdward,  except  for  the  pos- 
silth-  ])ur|)ose  of  catering  to  the 
crowd  of  one-tongued  tourists 
from  the  United  States?  WIkmi 
the  intrenched  and  wealthy  church 
provides  instruction  of  admitted 
merit  and  then  teaches  young  and 
old  alike  that  education  without 
religious  emphasis  is  futile,  can  it 
be  wondered  that  the  spread  of 
the  Enlish  tongue*  does  not  keep 
])ace  with  the  volume  of  the 
French  babble?  One  need  not  bs 
surprised,  then,  that  as  he  ap- 
proaches Quebec  by  way  of  Levis, 
the  clatter  of  French  tongues  and 
the  French  papers  offered  by  the 
boys  on  the  ferry,  serve  as  start- 
ling reminders  of  the  mastery 
which  the  citizens  of  the  Third 
Kepul)lic  continue  to  exercise  over 
the  largest  single  territorial  do- 
main on  the  Continent. 

Xor  is  there  any  indication  that 
this  mastery  wnll  suffer  dimuni- 
tion.  Eighteen  hundred  thousand 
persons,  sustained  by  religious  in- 
stitutions and  taking  a  just  pride 
in  their  political  triumph  over  the 
subjects  of  an  English  King  to 
whom  they  show  every  evidence 
of  loyalty,  are  not  likely  to  be  dis- 
lodged from  their  position  of 
IDOwer.  One  of  the  things  which 
an  intending  immigrant  considers 
in  his  native  land  is  the  matter 
of  selecting  a  place  for  work  in 
the  New  World  where  his  particu- 
lar trade  is  developed  and  where 
the  tongue  of  his  ancestors  is 
spoken,  if  possible.  The  Province 
of  Quebec  abounds  in  varied  tex- 
tile establishments,  and  thus  the 
Frenchman  knows  that  work  is  at 
hand  if  he  times  his  arrival  with 
that  of  a  period  of  national  pros- 


704 


Watson's  Jeffersonian  Magazine 


perity.  In  addition,  he  has  not 
failed  to  realize  that  the  predomi- 
nant French  population  and  reli- 
gions institutions  of  the  Province 
assure  him  a  new  and  larger  field 
for  effort  without  those  disturbing 
influences  of  New  World  life 
which  distress  the  ordinary  new- 
comer. Thus  he  is  convinced  that 
of  all  points  in  the  New  World 
the  Province  of  Quebec  to  a  larger 
degree  than  any  other  presents  an 
opportunity  to  commence  life 
anew  amidst  friends  and  familiar 
customs.  The  steamship  compa- 
nies have  ships  running  directly 
from  France  to  St.  Lawrence 
ports,  and  it  is  not  unnatural  that 
the  immigrants  are  the  marked 
factors  in  the  maintenance  of  the 
racial  predominance  in  this  his- 
torical province.  A  satisfied  set- 
tler, writing  to  his  relatives  in  the 
Old  World  that  they  may  secure 
larger  wages  and  enjoy  the  fa- 
miliar social  and  religious  cus- 
toms of  their  native  Eeath,  is  a 
more  influential  factor  in  turning 
the  tide  in  the  direction  of  Quebec 
than  a  score  of  government  colon- 
izing agents.  And,  indeed,  this  is 
just  the  relationship  which  the 
Gallic  population  of  Quebec  bears 
to  their  friends  in  the  Mother 
Country. 

But  the  birth  rate  sustained  by 
the  French  residents  is  the  real 
conservator  of  this  racial  predomi- 
nance. While  discussions  of  race 
suicide  in  the  United  States  have 
elicited  frequent  references  to  the 
sterility  of  the  French  nation,  this 
should  not  mislead  students  into 
inferring  that  the  French  resi- 
dents of  Quebec  suffer  from  either 
disinclination  or  disability.  Large 
families  are  the  rule  in  the  Prov- 
ince  and   a   couple   without  chil- 


dren are  the  subject  for  comment 
in  church  and  social  circles.  The 
Provincial  Government  approved 
of  this  tendency  to  rear  large 
families,  and  it  provides  that  an 
extensive  farm  shall  be  granted 
to  every  man  with  more  than 
twelve  children.  The  fact  that 
many  fathers  are  privileged  to 
claim  the  grant  from  the  Govern- 
ment is  as  promising  as  it  is  con- 
vincing. This  conclusion  seems  to 
be  the  more  striking  when  it  is  re- 
called that  in  many  countries  this 
offer  would  be  no  stimulus  to  the 
birth  rate,  because  the  modern 
Anglo-Saxon  family  never  ap- 
proaches that  number.  The  chil- 
dren of  these  families,  dressed  in 
the  school  regalia  of  the  Church 
when  mere  youths  and  reared 
amidst  the  monuments  and  ton- 
gue which  serve  as  reminders  of 
the  Mother  Countrj^,  are  not  to  be 
disintegrated  by  any  mere  social 
relationship  with  the  English- 
speaking  peoples.  It  is  true,  in- 
deed, and  a  matter  for  study,  that 
during  times  of  industrial  distress, 
an  increasing  number  of  French 
Canadians  seek  such  textile  cen- 
ters as  Fall  Kiver,  Haverhill,  LaAv- 
rence  and  New  Bedford,  and  there 
they  come  into  contact,  feel  the 
business  necessit}^  in  fact,  of  ob- 
taining a  working  knowledge  of 
the  English  tongue.  The  use  of  a 
language  other  than  their  own  is 
the  first  break  in  the  racial  soli- 
darity so  well  maintained  in  Que- 
bec; and  this  intermingling  of  the 
French  of  that  Province  with  the 
New  Englanders  may  be  the  key  to 
tlie  assimilation  of  the  Gallics  by 
the  nationalistic  spirit  of  the  Do- 
minion. 

Historical  associations  thus  fur- 
nish the  basis  for  this  solidarity 


Glimpse  of  Newer  France 


(05 


ill  the  City  of  Quebec,  but  a  walk 
throuirli  the  streets  and  alon*;  the 
extensive  docks  of  Montreal  shows 
that  this  condition  is  based  upon 
something    more    real    than   Old 
World     sentiment.     The     French 
have  thrived  in    Montreal;    they 
have  triunq^hed  from  a  commer- 
cial standpoint  over  the  English. 
despite  the  banking  and  steamship 
connections  of    the    latter;    they 
have  lived  in  the  Province  of  Que- 
bec   and    the    City    of    Montreal 
so     long    that     they     have     con- 
quered the  conqueror  by  the  mere 
force  of  numbers;  the  latter  finds 
striking  illustration  in  the  signs 
printed  in  French  showed  the  des- 
tined  streets  of  the  trolley   cars. 
Then  there  are  the  native  banks 
making     concessions     to     obvious 
sentiment  by   printing  their  cor- 
porate English  names  in  French 
on  their  business  windows;    and 
the  passing  newsboy  completes  the 
picture  of  the  Old  "World  in  the 
New  by  passing  out  his  extra  Gal- 
lic sheet  unless  he  is  prodded  to 
go  to  the  bottom  of  his  bag  for  a 
Yankee  edition  just  in  on  the  Bos- 
ton express  train. 

Montreal  has  tapped  the  wheat 
of  the  AVest  and  grown  rich  in  the 
tolls.  Montreal  is  the  grain  port, 
the  real  wheat  center  of  the  Do- 
minion, whatever  may  be  right- 
fully said  of  those  promising  Ca- 
nadian cities  at  the  head  of  Lake 
Superior.  New  York's  policy  of 
Erie  Canal  development  and  the 
proposed  improvement  of  the  Mis- 
sissi})pi  for  the  p\irposes  of  grain 
transportation,  may  deter  the 
movement  to  make  Montreal  the 
leading  grain  export  center  of  the 
Continent.  Yet  the  student  of 
commercial  problems,  who  sur- 
vevs  the  wharves  of  Montreal,  as 


elegant  as  those  of  Hamburg  and 
as  adequate  as  the  (piays  of  (ilas- 
gow,  is  convinced  that  Montreal, 
through  facilities  and  shipping 
lines,  has  obtained  a  commercial 
supremacy  which  can  not  be  over- 
thrown in  the  course  of  genera- 
tions. 

The    French    predominance    in 
Quebec,  then,  is  based  upon  some- 
thing   more    sensible    than  senti- 
ment; it  is  founded  upon  the  pos- 
session of  the  coin,  the  control  of 
the  banks,  the  ownership  of  steam- 
ships, and  these  backed  by  a  re- 
sistless tide  of  French  immigra- 
tion, coupled  with  a  rising  birth 
rate,  eliminates  all   doubts   as  to 
the  racial  future  of  the  Province. 
In  political  and  commercial  pos- 
session of  two  such  cities  as  Que- 
bec and  Montreal,  racial  pride  and 
self-interest     will     stimulate     the 
tendency  to  maintain    the    racial 
solidarity.     Newer    France     gave 
Laurier  to  the  Dominion  of  Cana- 
da   and   the   constructive   policies 
which  he  has    inaugurated    have 
won   the   approval    of   the   whole 
people  for  the  genius  of  this  man 
as  a  Premier.    Thus  the  French  in 
Quebec  are  making  good  from  the 
standpoint  of  quantity  and  qual- 
ity.    Did  not  Laurier  effect  that 
compromise  whereby  under  quasi- 
governmental       ownership      t  h  e 
Cirand   Tr\nik   Pacific  will   bring 
the  wheat  of  the  Yankee  settlers 
down  to  the  elevators  of  Montreal 
there  to  be  subjected  to  the  tolls 
of  the  French  exporters  before  be- 
ing received  aboard  the  European- 
bound    steamers?      And    did    not 
French  Quebec,  a  veritable  para- 
dox of  racial  problems,  furnish  the 
sagacious  Leinineux.  who  journey- 
ed to  Tokio  to  arrange  with  the 
Government   of  Japan   an   agree- 


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Watson's  Jeffersonian  Magazine 


ment  designed  to  protect  the  Eng- 
lish settlers  of  Alberta  and  British 
Columbia  from  the  contamination 
of  the  Oriental  influx? 

Need  we  remark,  in  passing,  that 
the  spirit  of  Canadian  nationalism 
is  abroad  in  the  land.  This  means 
no  disloyalty  to  England's  King, 
but  rather  intense  devotion  to  the 
principles  of  free  government.  A 
French  Prime  Minister,  backed 
by  the  Liberal  majorities  furnish- 
ed b}^  the  French  in  Quebec,  has 
entered  upon  the  policy  of  mak- 
ing commercial  agreements,  bor- 
dering indeed  upon  formal  trea- 
ties, with  foreign  powers  without 
consulting  with  Downing  street. 
Only  last  year  Laurier  demonstra- 
ted his  power  when  he  gave  a 
preferential  tariff  rate  to  France 
over  England.  All  these  senti- 
mental customs  and  historical 
monuments;  all  these  forces  based 
upon  the  convergence  of  the  self- 
interests  of  Canadians  in  Canada, 
mean  that  the  day  is  coming  when 
the  Dominion  will  step  forth  as 
one  of  the  nations  of  the  world. 
This  will  not  come  by  annexation 


to  the  United  States,  nor  by  Yan- 
kee assimilation  in  the  Western 
provinces,  notwithstanding  the 
continued  influx  from  the  Ameri- 
can West.  But  it  will  come  as  a 
necessary  step  in  the  evolution  of 
representative  government ;  it  will 
spring  forth  as  one  of  the  essen- 
tials in  commercial  development 
when  the  interests  of  the  Domin- 
ion too  largely  conflict  with  the 
Mother  Country.  And  thus,  with 
no  thought  of  imputing  disloyalty 
to  the  French  of  Newer  France,  is 
it  not  obvious  that  the  monuments, 
customs,  language  and  racial  pride 
which  assure  the  preservation  and 
development  of  this  Gallic  soli- 
darity will  be  effective  factors  for 
an  independent  government  when 
the  day  arrives  for  the  peaceable 
separation  of  the  bonds  which  tie 
the  Dominion  to  Old  England? 
Will  the  French  of  Newer  France 
long  mourn  when  the  scepter  taken 
from  their  ancestors  by  the  Eng- 
lish is  returned  to  their  possession 
as  sovereign  citizens,  not  as  sub- 
jects? 


To  a  Still-Born  Babe 

By  Nina  Hill  Robinson 


Thou  tiny  little  waif! 

How  strange  that  thou  hast  lived 

But  that  thy  faint  heart  beats  were 

stilled. 
Ere  yet  the  breath  of  life  thy  nostrils 

filled. 
On    Earth's    dark    brders    thou    didst 

fight, 
But   God,    for   thee,   a   heavenly   fate 

had  sealed 
And  called  thee  home,  ere  thou 
To  earth  didst  yield. 


:\Iy  tear  drops  wash  thy  cheek, 

'And  still,  my  heart  is  glad 

That  thou  art  all  of  good  and  none  of 

bad; 
That     only     heaven     thy     heart    has 

known; 
That  none  of  Earth's  dark  seed  were 

sown. 
I'm  glad  our  Father  lent  thee  for  a 

moment  here 
That  earth  might  seem  less  sweet 
And  heaven  more  dear. 


LETTERS  TO  AARON  BURR 


[DP:SCK1HING  THK  HORRORS  OF  ST.  DOMINGO  WHKN  THE  NEGROES 
DROVE  OUT  THE  FRENCH.  PUBLISHED  IN  1H(I«.  THE  LETTERS 
WERE  PROBABLY  WRITTEN  IN  1801-2.  AARON  BURR  WAS  AT 
THAT  TIME  VICE-PRESIDENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES.  THE 
NAME  OF  THE  LADY  WRITER  IS  NOT  GIVEN  IN  THE  BOOK] 


Letter  II. 

Cape  Francois. 

WHAT  a  change  has  taken 
phice  here  since  my  last 
letter  was  written !  I 
mentioned  that  there 
was  to  be  a  grand  review,  and  I 
also  mentioned  that  the  confi- 
dence General  LeClerc  placed  in 
the  negroes  was  highly  blamed, 
and  justly,  as  he  has  found  to  his 
cost. 

On  the  day  of  the  review,  when 
the  troops  of  the  line  and  the 
gnarde  nntionale  were  assembled 
in  the  field,  a  plot  was  discover- 
ed, which  had  been  formed  by  the 
negroes  in  the  town,  to  seize  the 
arsenal  and  to  point  the  cannon 
of  a  fort,  which  overlooked  the 
place  of  review,  on  the  troops; 
while  Clairvaux,  the  mulatto  gen- 
eral, who  commanded  the  ad- 
vance po.sts,  was  to  join  the  ne- 
groes of  the  plain,  overpower  the 
guards,  and  entering  the  town, 
complete  the  destruction  of  the 
white  inhabitants.  This  part  of 
the  plot  was  discovered  and  de- 
feated. But  Clairvaux  made  good 
his  escape,  and  in  the  evening  at- 
tacked the  post  General  LeClerc 
had  so  imprudently  confided  to 
him.  The  consternation  was  ter- 
rible. The  f/uardc  nationals 
composed  chiefly  of  Creoles,  did 
wonders.  The  American  captains 
and  sailors  volunteered  their  ser- 
vices;  they   fought  bravely,   and 


many  of  them  perished.  The  ne- 
groes were  repulsed;  but  if  they 
gained  no  ground  they  lost  none, 
and  they  occupy  at  present  the 
same  posts  as  before.  The  pu- 
sillanimous General  LeClerc, 
shrinking  from  danger  of  wdiich 
his  own  imprudence  has  been  the 
cause,  thought  only  of  saving 
himself.  He  sent  his  plated  and 
valuable  effects  on  board  the  ad- 
niiral's  vessel,  and  was  preparing 
to  embark  secretly  with  his  suite, 
but  the  brave  Admiral  LaTouche 
de  Treville  sent  him  word  that 
he  would  fire  with  more  pleasure 
on  those  who  abandoned  the 
town,  than  on  those  w^ho  at- 
tacked it. 

The  ensuing  morning  presented 
a  dreadful  spectacle.  Nothing 
was  heard  but  the  groans  of  the 
Avounded,  who  were  carried 
through  the  streets  to  their 
homes,  and  the  cries  of  the  wom- 
en for  their  friends  who  were 
slain. 

The  general  shut  up  in  his 
house,  would  see  nobody:  asham- 
ed of  the  weakness  which  had  led 
to  this  disastrous  event,  and  of 
the  want  of  courage  he  had  dis- 
played :  a  fever  seized  him  and  he 
died  in  three  days. 

Madame  I^Clerc,  who  had  not 
loved  him  whilst  living,  mourned 
his  death  like  the  Ephesian  ma- 
tron, cut  off  her  hair,  which  was 
very   l^eautiful,   to   put   it  in   his 


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Watson's  Jeffersonian  Magazine 


coffin;  refused  all  sustenance  and 
all  public  consolation. 

General  Rochambeau,  who  is  at 
Port  au  Prince,  has  been  sent  for 
by  the  inhabitants  to  take  the 
command.  Much  good  is  expect- 
ed from  the  change,  he  is  said  to 
be  a  brave  officer  and  an  excellent 
man. 

Monsieur  D'Or  is  in  the  in- 
terim Captain  General,  and  unites 
in  himself  the  three  principal 
places  in  the  government :  Prefect 
Colonial,  Ordonnateur,  and  Gen- 
eral in  Chief. 

All  this  bustle  would  be  de- 
lightful if  it  was  not  attended  by 
such  melancholy  consequences.  It 
keeps  us  from  petrifying,  of 
which  I  was  in  danger. 

I  have  become  acquainted  with 
some  Creole  ladies,  who,  having 
stayed  in  the  Island  during  the 
revolution,  relate  their  sufferings 
m  a  manner  which  harrows  up 
the  soul;  and  dwell  on  their  recol- 
lection of  their  long  lost  hapj^i- 
ness  with  melancholy  delight.  St. 
Domingo  Avas  formerly  a  garden. 
Every  inhabitant  lived  on  his  es- 
tate like  a  sovereign  ruling  his 
slave  with  despotic  sway,  enjoj^- 
mg  all  that  luxury  could  invent, 
or  fortune  procure. 

The  pleasures  of  the  table  were 
carried  to  the  last  degree  of  re- 
finement. Gaming  knew  no 
bounds,  and  libertinism,  called 
love,  was  without  restraint.  The 
Creole  is  generous,  hospitable, 
magnificent,  but  vain,  inconstant, 
and  capable  of  serious  applica- 
tion; and  in  this  abode  of  pleas- 
ure and  luxurious  ease  vices  have 
reigned  at  which  humanity  must 
shudder.  The  jealousy  of  the 
women  was  often  terrible  in  its 
consequences.   One  lady,  who  had 


a  beautiful  negro  girl  continually 
about  her  person,  thought  she  saw 
some  symptoms  of  tendresse  in 
the  eyes  of  her  husband,  and  all 
the  furies  of  jealousy  seized  her 
soul. 

She  ordered  one  of  her  slaves 
to  cut  off  the  head  of  the  unfor- 
tunate victim,  which  was  instant- 
ly done.  At  dinner  her  husband 
said  he  felt  no  disposition  to  eat, 
to  which  his  wife,  with  the  air  of 
a  demon,  replied,  perhaps  I  can 
give  you  something  that  will  ex- 
cite your  appetite;  it  has  at  least 
had  that  effect  before.  She  arose 
and  drew  from  a  closet  the  head 
of  Coomba.  The  husband,  shocked 
beyond  expression,  left  the  house 
and  sailed  immediately  for 
France,  in  order  never  again  to 
behold  such  a  monster. 

Many  similar  anecdotes  have 
been  related  by  my  Creole  friends, 
but  one  of  them,  after  having  ex- 
cited my  warmest  sj^mpathy, 
made  me  laugh  heartily  in  the 
midst  of  my  tears.  She  told  me 
that  her  husband  was  stabbed  in 
her  arms  bj"^  a  slave  whom  he  had 
always  treated  as  his  brother; 
that  she  had  seen  her  children 
killed,  and  her  house  burned,  but 
had  been  herself  preserved  by  a 
faithful  slave,  and  conducted, 
after  incredible  sufferings,  and 
through  innumerable  dangers  to 
the  Cape.  The  same  slave,  she 
added,  and  the  idea  seemed  to 
console  her  for  every  other  loss, 
saved  all  my  madras  handker- 
chiefs. 

The  Creole  ladies  have  an  air 
of  voluptuous  languor  which 
renders  them  extremely  interest- 
ing. Their  eyes,  their  teeth,  and 
their  hair  are  remarkably  beau- 
tiful, and  they  have  acquired 
from    the   habit   of   commanding: 


Letters  to  Aaron  Burr 


70» 


their  slaves,  an  air  of  dignity 
which  adds  to  their  charms.  Al- 
most too  indolent  to  pronounce 
their  words  they  speak  with  a 
drawling  accent  that  is  very 
agreeable:  but  since  they  have 
been  aroused  by  the  pressure  of 
misfortune  many  of  them  have 
displayed  talents  and  found  re- 
sources in  the  energy  of  their 
own  minds  which  it  Avould  have 
been  supposed  impossible  for 
them  to  possess. 

They  have  a  natural  taste  for 
music;  dance  with  a  lightness,  a 
grace,  an  elegance  peculiar  to 
themselves,  and  those,  who,  hav- 
ing been  educated  in  France, 
unite  the  French  vivacity  to  the 
Creole  sweetness,  are  the  most  ir- 
resistible creatures  that,  the  imag- 
ination can  conceive.  In  the  or- 
dinary intercourse  of  life  they 
are  delightful;  but  if  I  wanted  a 
friend  on  any  extraordinary  oc- 
casion I  would  not  venture  to  re- 
ly on  their  stability. 


Letter  III. 


Cape  Francois. 
The  so  much  desired  General 
Rochambeau  is  at  length  here. 
His  arrival  was  announced,  not 
by  the  ringing  of  bells,  for  they 
have  none,  but  by  the  firing  of 
cannon.  Everybody,  except  my- 
self, went  to  see  him  land,  and  I 
was  prevented,  not  by  want  of 
curiosity,  but  by  indisposition. 
Nothing  is  heard  of  but  the  pub- 
lic joy.  He  is  considered  as  the 
guardian,  as  the  savior  of  the  peo- 
ple. Every  proprietor  feels  him- 
self already  on  his  habitation, 
and  I  have  even  heard  some  of 
them  disputing  the  quality  of  the 
coffee  they  expect  soon  to  gather; 
perhaps    these    sanguine    Creoles 


may    find    that    they    have    reck- 
oned without  their  host. 

Ilowever,  en  attendant^  the 
(ieneral,  who  it  seems  bears 
pleasure  as  well  as  conquest  in 
his  train,  gives  a  grand  ball  on 
Thursday  next.  We  are  invited^ 
and  we  go. 

My  letter  shall  not  be  closed 
till  after  the  ball  of  which  I  sup- 
pose you  will  be  glad  to  have  a 
description. 

But  why  do  you  not  write  to 
me? 

I  am  ignorant  of  your  pursuits 
and  even  of  your  place  of  abode^ 
and  though  convinced  that  you 
cannot  forget  me,  I  am  afliicted 
if  I  do  not  receive  assurances  of 
your  friendship  by  every  vessel 
that  arrives. 

In  continuation. 

Well,  my  dear  friend,  the  ball 
IS  over — that  ball  of  which  I 
promised  you  a  description.  But 
who  can  describe  the  heat  or  suf- 
focating sensations  felt  in  a 
crowd  ? 

The  General  has  an  agreeable 
face,  a  sweet  mouth,  and  most  en- 
chanting smile;  but — "Like  the 
sun,  he  shone  on  all  alike",  and 
paid  no  particular  attention  to 
any  object.  His  uniform  was  a 
la  hussar,  and  very  brilliant;  he 
wore  red  boots: — but  his  person 
IS  bad,  he  is  too  short;  a  Bacchus- 
like figure,  which  accords  neither 
with  my  idea  of  a  great  general 
nor  a  great  man. 

But  you  know  one  of  my  faults 
is  to  create  objects  in  my  imagi- 
nation on  the  model  of  my  in- 
comparable friend,  and  then  to 
dislike  everything  that  I  meet  be- 
cause it  falls  short  of  my  expec- 
tations. 

Madame  LeClerc  has  sailed  for 
France  with  the  body  of  her  hus- 


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band,  which  was  embahned  here. 

The  place  is  tranquil.  The  ar- 
rival of  General  Rochambeau 
seems  to  have  spread  terror 
among  the  negroes.  I  wish  they 
were  reduced  to  order  that  I 
might  see  the  so  much  vaunted 
habitations  where  I  should  re- 
pose beneath  the  shade  of  orange 
trees;  walk  on  carjDets  of  rose 
leaves  and  frenchipone;  be 
fanned  to  sleep  by  silent  slaves, 
or  have  my  feet  tickled  into  ecs- 
tasy by  the  soft  hand  of  a  female 
attendant. 

Such  were  the  pleasures  of  the 
•Creole  ladies  whose  time  was  di- 
vided between  the  bath,  the  table, 
the  toilette  and  the  lover. 

Wliat  a  delightful  existence; 
Thus  to  pass  away  life  in  the 
arms  of  voluptuous  indolence;  to 
wander  over  fleecy  fields  of  un- 
lading verdure,  or  through  for- 
ests of  majestic  palm-trees,  sit  by 
a  fountain  bursting  from  a  sav- 
age rock  frequented  only  by  a 
cooing  dove,  and  indulge  in  these 
enchanting  solitudes  all  the  rev- 
eries of  an  exalted   imagination. 

But  the  moment  of  enjoying 
these  pleasures  is,  I  fear,  far  dis- 
tant. The  negroes  have  felt  dur- 
ing the  ten  years  the  blessings  of 
liberty,  for  a  blessing  it  certainly 
is,  however  acquired,  and  they 
wall  not  be  easily  deprived  of  it. 
They  have  fought  and  vanquished 
the  French  troops,  and  their 
strength  has  increased  from  a 
knowledge  of  the  weakness  of 
their    opposers,    and    the    climate 


itself  combats  for  them.  Inured 
to  a  savage  life  they  lay  in  the 
woods  without  being  injured  by 
the  sun,  the  dew  or  the  rain.  A 
negro  eats  plantain,  a  sour  or- 
ange, the  herbs  and  roots  of  the 
field,  and  requires  no  clothing, 
whilst  this  mode  of  living  is  fa- 
tal to  the  European  soldiers. 
The  sun  and  the  dew  are  equally 
fatal  to  them,  and  they  have  per- 
ished in  such  numbers  that,  if  re- 
inforcements do  not  arrive,  it  will 
soon  be  impossible  to  defend  the 
town. 

The  country  is  entirely  in  the 
hands  of  the  negroes  and  whilst 
their  camp  abounds  in  provi- 
sions, everything  in  town  is  ex- 
tremely scarce  and  enormously 
dear. 

Every  evening  several  old  Cre- 
oles, who  live  near  us,  assemble 
at  our  house,  and  talk  of  their 
affairs.  One  of  them,  whose  an- 
nual income  before  the  revolu- 
tion was  fifty  thousand  dollars, 
which  he  always  exceeded  in  his 
expenses,  now  lives  in  a  miserable 
hut  and  prolongs  with  the  great- 
est difficulty  his  wretched  exist- 
ence. Yet  he  still  hopes  for  bet- 
ter days,  in  which  hope  they  all 
join  him.  The  distress  they  feel 
has  not  deprived  them  of  their 
gaiety.  They  laugh,  they  sing, 
they  join  in  the  dance  with  the 
young  girls  of  the  neighborhood, 
and  seem  to  forget  their  cares  in 
the  prospect  of  having  them 
speedily  removed. 


THE  DARK  CORNER 

^j^  ZACK  McGHEE 


Chap 


Tir. 


"W 


'HAT  a  pity  old  man 
Adam  had  such  an 
amiable  disposition!" 
As  there  was  no  re- 
ply save  in  a  puzzled  look  in  the 
face  of  his  companion,  he  knit  his 
brows  and  went  on : 

"If  the  old  man  had  had  less  of 
an  eye  for  hair  and  eyes  and  lips, 
a  shapely  figure,  and  other  femi- 
nine deceptions  and  superficiali- 
ties, and  more  consideration  for 
what  went  into  his  stomach,  as 
sensible  men  of  all  ages  have  had, 
he  would  not  have  got  us  all  into 
this  trouble  by  eating  from  that 
miserable  dish  of  fruit  his  wife 
set  before  him.  which  has  caused 
the  world  to  suffer  from  a  horrible 
indigestion  ever  since,  and  you  and 
I  even  to  this  day  to  eat  bread  by 
the  sweat  of  our  faces."' 

To  the  continued  bewilderment 
of  the  young  lady,  who  from  the 
seriousness  of  his  manner  and  the 
ridiculousness  of  his  speech  did 
not  know  whether  to  sympathize 
or  to  laugh,  he  got  up  from  his 
seat  on  the  stej)s  of  the  porch  and 
began  pacing  back  and  forth  in 
front  of  her  in  an  earnest  and  agi- 
tated manner,  his  face  drawn,  his 
fists  clenched,  and  his  bosom  heav- 
ing, as  if  he  had  an  idea  of  imme- 
diately seeking  personal  i-edross  of 
Adam. 

This  young  man  of  twenty-two 
IS  introduced  as  Mr.  Thompson : 
the  next  time  vou  see  him  vou  call 


him  Thompson;  ever  after  that  it 
is  Jim.  Yet  he  kept  a  journal ; 
he  was  a  combination  fellow.  On  the 
fly-leaf  of  the  journal  was  writ- 
ten "James  Carlton  Thompson, 
Commonly  Known  as  Jim."  This 
pleasant  September  evening  he 
was  doing  something  unusual  with 
him;  he  was  talking  with  a  pretty 
young  woman  of  twenty,  and  out 
under  the  moon.  Since  we  saw 
him  doubled  up  at  the  big  secre- 
tary he  had  grown  into  a  tall, 
well-figured  young  man.  Hi& 
handsome  head,  covered  with  rich 
auburn  hair,  was  well  set  upon  a 
])air  of  broad,  square  shoulders. 
The  glow  of  youth  was  in  his 
cheeks,  the  joy  of  life  and  hope  in 
his  every  lineament  and  move- 
ment. Yet  he  had  the  student's 
stamp :  a  plainly-  marked  furrow 
cut  deep  between  his  light  eye- 
brows, and  still  a  certain  dreami- 
ness in  his  glistening  gray  eyes,  a 
dreaminess,  though,  which  often- 
gave  way  to  a  mischievous  twin- 
kle. He  was  talking  in  a  vein  of 
blended  seriousness  and  jest  quite 
characteristic  of  him,  but  which 
Aileen  Hall  had  not  yet  learned 
to  understand. 

This  Aileen  Hall  interested  him. 
She  interested  him  far  more  than 
most  young  women  had  interested 
him  before,  and  he  was  taking 
more  pains  to  interest  her  than  he 
had  been  accustomed  to  take  with 
the  young  women  it  had  been  his 
lot  to  meet  in  this  world.  And  he 
fonnd   himself  compelled  to  keep 


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Watson's  Jeffersonian  Magazine 


up  a  continuous  fight  within  him- 
self to  maintain  his  firm  belief 
that  it  was  not  the  brightness  of 
her  clear  blue  eyes,  nor  the  rich 
gold  of  her  hair,  nor  the  beautiful 
curves  of  her  delicately  tinted 
cheeks  which  made  her  interesting 
to  him  and  impelled  him  to  seek 
to  interest  her.  Jim  was  accus- 
tomed to  protest  that  he  was  not  a 
"ladies'  man."  He  despised  the 
term.  "I  like  to  converse  with  a 
sensible  person,"  his  journal  said, 
"be  he  man,  woman,  old  maid, 
grandfather,  or  little  boy.  But 
why  should  a  pretty  girl  interest 
me  just  because  she  is  pretty  any 
more  than  should  a  pretty  horse, 
for  the  same  reason?"  This  was 
written  during  his  college  days,  it 
IS  true,  but  that  period  in  the  stu- 
dent's life  when  he  makes  him- 
self believe  that  he  delights  only 
in  what  he  calls  "intellectuality" 
in  a  woman,  just  as  he  would  de- 
light equally  in  intellectuality  in 
a  man,  had  lasted  longer  with  him 
than  with  most  young  men.  And 
only  a  few  weeks  before  this  night, 
after  his  first  interview,  a  business 
interview,  you  may  recall,  with 
this  same  young  Woman,  he  had 
taken  out  the  book  which  was 
"strictly  private"  and  bantered 
thus  with  himself: 

"What  is  woman  that  I  should 
be  mindful  of  her?  If  she  have 
brains,  let  her  come  forth  and  I 
will  hold  discourse  with  her,  yea 
and  find  delight  in  her — possibly. 
But  if  she  have  only  bright  eyes 
and  rosy  lips  and  golden  hair,  and 
bloom  on  the  cheeks,  and  delicate- 
ly formed  ankles,'  and  things  of 
that  ilk — what  are  these  that  man, 
made  in  the  image  of  his  Maker, 
should  be  mindful  of,  and  waste 


his  time  withal,  and  his  substance, 
and  his  sleep?" 

None  the  less,  significant  or  not, 
scarcely  an  hour  had  passed  since 
that  first  interview  that  he  had 
not  been  mindful  of  her;  and  to- 
night, as  his  first  day  at  HoUis- 
ville  was  drawing  to  a  close,  he 
could  not  repel  the  consciousness 
that  in  her  he  had  discovered  the 
one  bright  redeeming  feature  of 
the  nine  months'  otherwise  gloomy 
prospect  which  lay  before  him. 
He  justified  his  inability  to  resist 
this  feeling  by  saying  to  himself 
that  she  was  the  "only  approach 
to  a  really  cultivated  person"  he 
had  found  or  hoped  to  find  in  the 
whole  place. 

Jim  had  arrived  that  morning. 
Hollisville  lay  lingering  and  swel- 
tering in  the  sand  and  in  the  sun. 
The  "business  portion"  of  the 
town  consisted  of  some  half  dozen 
stores  facing  the  railroad,  all  one- 
story  wooden  buildings  set  up  off 
the  ground.  The  keepers  were 
standing  in  the  doors,  some  alone, 
some  surrounded  by  one  or  more 
village  loafers,  all  busily  engaged 
in  the  useful  occupation  of  watch- 
ing the  train,  and  staring  curious- 
ly at  this  tall,  youthful-looking 
man  with  a  bicycle.  Sitting  un- 
der a  large  water-oak  tree  in  front 
of  one  of  the  stores,  were  two  men 
in  shirt  sleeves  chewing  tobacco 
and  playing  checkers.  Several 
men  were  standing  or  sitting  on 
boxes  near  by  watching  the  game 
and  expressing  their  opinions  as 
to  the  moves.  Out  in  the  sandy 
street  were  several  wagons  and 
buggies.  Some  lazy-looking  horses 
and  mules  were  hitched  to  the 
limbs  of  trees  and  to  a  hitch-rack 
made  of  a  many-pronged  cedar 
log  across  the  top  of  two  posts. 


The  Dark  Corner 


Ti;i 


Swarms  of  jrnats  ami  flies  per- 
formed the  oHice  of  kcepinji;  these 
animals  from  goinc  to  sleep.  A 
dozen  or  more  lazy-looking  ne- 
groes, of  all  ages  and  shades  of 
color,  were  sitting  around  on  the 
station  platform,  talking  and 
whittling,  or  just  sitting  still  and 
silently  watching  the  train  with 
as  much  wonder  as  if  they  had 
not  thus  watched  it  ever  since 
they  were  big  enough  to  walk  or 
crawl  out  where  they  could  see  it, 
and  as  if  to  watch  the  train  were 
not  their  chief  function  and  call- 
ing in  life.  Lounging  around 
among  the  negroes,  licking  them 
or  licking  themselves  and  snap- 
ping at  flies,  were  some  several 
dozen  dogs— "yaller  dawgs,"  an 
average  of  about  one  and  a  half 
''yaller  dawgs"  to  every  negro. 

This  was  Jim's  first  introduc- 
tion to  Hollisville.  No  wonder  he 
was  delighted  to  find  one  bright 
spot. 

Followed  by  half  a  dozen  ne- 
gro boys,  each  with  his  tongue 
hanging  out  and  his  eyes  stretch- 
ed, he  rolled  his  bicycle  to  where 
the  men  were  playing  checkers, 
and  inquired  the  way  to  Mr.  Til- 
son's. 

"'^^^^at  I  You  mean  Professor 
Tilson's?"  asked  three  or  four  in 
the  group.  While  one  of  the  men 
stepped  out  into  the  street  to  point 
the  way,  the  others  examined  the 
bicvcle,  which  was  a  novelty  in 
Hollisville. 

'"Have  you  come  to  school?" 
Jim  was  chagrined  at  this  ques- 
tion. He  had  tried  so  hard  to  look 
dignified  and  important,  and  here 
he  was  taken  for  a  schoolboy.  But 
he  smothered  his  feelings  and 
smoothed  his  face. 

"Well,  yes;  I  guess  you  can  call 


it    that,''    he    replied,    forcing    a 
smile. 

"That's  the  new  Professor,"  re- 
marked some  one  after  he  had 
gone. 

"What!  That  ar  kid  a  Perfes- 
sor?"  exclaimed  one  of  the  checker 
players,  whose  name  was  Ed  Old- 
ham. He  stared  after  the  bicycle 
and  added,  "Well,  if  he  comes 
along  here  ridin'  that  kind  o'  baby 
carriage,  the  boys  sho'll  do  him 
up.  Anyhow,  though,  he  looks 
like  he  got  mo'  sense  than  that  ar 
Tilson.    Hit's  yo'  move.  Bill." 

And  the  game  proceeded.  The 
crowd  would  have  been  horrified 
at  the  disrespectful  remark  about 
such  a  great  man  as  Professor  Til- 
son,  but  it  was  understood  that  Ed 
had  always  entertained  a  special 
aversion  t'o  the  H.  C.  M.  I.  and  its 
distinguished  President,  so  they 
passed  it  by,  especially  since  Bill 
just  then  made  a  move  on  the 
checker  board  which  seemed  to 
put  Ed's  forces  into  a  pretty  bad 
predicament. 

Jim  was  met  at  the  door  by  a 
middle-aged  lady  in  a  large  white 
apron  and  a  pair  of  large  rings  in 
her  ears.  This  was  Mrs.  Alston, 
the  Professor's  sister,  who  was 
called  the  "Matron." 

"Come  in,"  she  said,  when  Jim 
had  told  her  who  he  was,  "you  are 
the  new  Professor,  ain't  you?  The 
Professor  said  you  would  come  to- 
day. The  Professor  is  not  here 
right  now,  but  there's  Professor 
AValter,  the  Professor's  brother. 
We  call  the  Professor  Professor, 
and  Professor  Walter,  we  call  him 
Professor  Walter,  and  that's  the 
way  we  tell  them  apart.  I  mean 
when  we  talk  about  them,  you 
know.  When  they  are  both  here 
we     can     tell     them     apart    easy 


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Watson's  Jeffersonian  Magazine 


enough.  They  do  not  look  any- 
thing at  all  alike.  Aileen,  that's 
Miss  Hall,  you  know.  She  came 
yesterday.  She's  a  teacher,  too, 
hut  then  the  Professor  has  made 
lier  his  secretary.  He  has  done  a 
good  deal  for  her,  but  Lor !  he's 
always  doing  things  for  people. 
Have  you  seen  the  Professor  ?  He 
IS  very  busy,  as  the  Institute  will 
open  promptly  Monday  morning. 
That  is,  of  course,  if  it  doesn't 
rain.  I  don't  think  it  will  rain, 
•do  you?  Have  a  seat.  It's  a 
pleasant  day." 

All  this  she  said  in  one  breath, 
and  before  Jim  was  well  inside  the 
door.  "Professor  Walter"  was  sit- 
ting on  a  lounge  in  one  corner  of 
the  room,  discoursing  to  his  own 
great  delectation  upon  a  guitar. 
l^^lile  making  disagreeable  sounds 
on  the  guitar,  he  was  also  making 
disagreeable  smells  from  a  ciga-. 
rette  upon  which  he  was  drawing 
ravenously. 

In  the  middle  of  a  sentence — 
she  was  always  in  the  middle  of  a 
sentence;  her  sentences  had  onl}^ 
middles,  they  had  no  ends — Mrs. 
Alston  suddenly  stopped  and  told 
Walter  he  was  not  playing  that 
tune  right.  She  hummed  it  for 
him — it  was  "Little  Annie  Eoon- 
ey" — but  as  he  did  not  seem  to 
catch  it,  she  went  to  the  piano  and 
played  it  over  for  him.  Presently 
a  servant  called  her,  and  she  left 
the  room,  still  in  the  middle  of  a 
sentence. 

Professor  Walter  had  not  left 
the  lounge  or  in  any  way  noticed 
the  newcomer:  but  now,  as  the 
burden  of  entertainment  was 
thrown  upon  him,  he  stopped  his 
guitar  and  took  out  a  package  of 
cigarettes,  holding  out  the  box  to- 
Avard  Jim.     Jim   declined.     Pro- 


fessor Walter  asked  for  a  match 
and  lit  one. 

"I  smoke  too  many  myself,"  he 
observed  as  he  threw  the  match  out 
of  the  window,  and  picked  up  the 
guitar. 

"Do  you  play  on  the  guitar.  Pro- 
fessor?" 

No,  Jim  did  not  play  on  the 
guitar.  With  a  spirit  of  the  most 
heartless  cruelty.  Professor  Wal- 
ter proceeded  to  mortify  him  by 
playing  "The  Spanish  Fandango" 
m  his  most  artistic  manner.  "When 
he  had  played  about  a  minute  and 
a  half  a  string  popped.  The  per- 
former gritted  his  teeth,  in  which 
act  he  unwittingly  bit  off  the  end 
of  his  cigarette,  causing  him  to 
spit  violently  out  of  the  window 
near  by,  using  some  words  under 
his  breath  which  Jim  did  not  hear. 
Then  he  disentangled  the  broken 
string  and  proceeded  to  tie  a  knot 
in  it. 

"Don't  you  play  on  any  instru- 
ment. Professor?" 

"No,  I'm  sorry  to  say,  I  do  not," 
answered  Jim. 

"Well,"  observed  Professor 
AValter,  winding  up  his  guitar 
string,  "if  you  stay  in  this  town, 
you  will  have  to  learn  to  play  on 
some  instrument.  Everybody  here 
plays  on  one  or  more." 

Jim  felt  sorry  he  could  not  play, 
but  made  no  reply. 

"I  play  on  four,"  said  Professor 
Walter.  Then  he  took  a  long 
draw  from  his  cigarette,  inhaled 
the  great  volume  of  smoke,  held  it 
a  while,  and  let  it  escape  in 
streams  through  his  nose,  his 
mouth,  and,  apparently,  his  eyes, 
ears,  hair,  and  the  pores  of  his 
skin,  very  much  after  the  fashion 
of  a  charcoal  kiln.  After  this,  he 
laid   the   cigarette   down,   hoisted 


The  Dark  Corner 


15 


his  rifrht  foot  to  liis  left  knee,  i)ull- 
ed  up  both  of  his  sleeves,  and 
struck  up  "The  Carnival  of 
Venice." 

When  he  finished  this  tune, 
which  he  mana<2:ed  to  do  without 
stopping  more  than  four  times  to 
tune  his  guitar,  he  set  the  instru- 
ment upon  his  knee  and  looked  at 
his  audience,  waiting  for  some  ex- 
pression of  admiration.  Jim  had 
to  make  some  remark. 

"What  four  instruments  do  you 
play,  I'rofessor?"  he  ventured. 

Professor  Walter  counted  on 
his  fingers  as  he  enumerated  : 

••(luitar,  autoharp,  piano,  and 
harmonica." 

Then  leaving  his  audience  in 
that  state  of  wonder  and  awe  the 
presence  of  so  remarkable  and  ver- 
satile a  musical  genius  must  neces- 
sarily inspire,  he  tuned  his  guitar 
again  and  entered  with  his  wdiole 
soul  into  a  spirited  interpretation 
of  'X  Hot  Time  in  the  Old  Town 
Tonight." 

But  alas :  Jim's  enjoyment  of 
this,  and  Walter's  chief  enjoy- 
ment, which  was  the  impression 
he  was  making  on  Jim,  were  des- 
tined to  be  interfered  with,  al- 
though the  tune  itself  was  not  in- 
terrupted, by  the  entrance  of  no 
less  a  personage  than  the  President 
of  the  H.  C.  M.  I.  himself,  Profes- 
sor Jefferson  Marquinius  Tilson. 
Just  behind  him  was  Miss  Hall. 
Tilson  shook  hands  and  smiled 
most  benignantly;  and  Aileen 
beamed  such  a  welcome  that  the 
bad  impressions  made  upon  him 
by  his  surroundings  were  for  the 
moment  dispelled. 

And  they  stayed  dispelled,  too, 
for  the  rest  of  the  day.  Tilson 
soon  after  greeting  Jim  left  him  in 
Aileen's  charge,  and  when  we  see 


him  on  the  porch  with  her  after 
supper,  out  under  the  moon,  he 
had  left  her  but  the  brief  half  hour 
It  took  him  to  get  his  truiik  into 
his  room  and  change  his  dusty 
clothing  for  some  which  made  him 
feel  better  because  he  thought  they 
made  him  look  better.  He  had  not 
indeed  been  with  her  all  that  time 
alone;  not  even  out  there  on  the 
l)orch.  There  had  been  Mrs,  Als- 
ton, always  in  the  middle  of  a 
sentence,  and  Professor  Walter, 
who  i)layed  on  one  or  more  of  his 
four  instruments,  and  Miss  An- 
derson, another  teacher  in  the 
school,  and  Patterson,  who  sang, 
and  several  of  the  students  who 
had  come  in.  But  now  they  were 
all  happily  gone,  and  the  "new 
Professor"  was  left  alone  with  the 
"only  approach  to  a  really  culti- 
vated person"  in  Hollisville.  The 
two,  having  rapidly  advanced  to 
the  point  in  their  acquaintance  for 
interchanging  confidences  of  that 
nature,  had  been  describing  their 
respective  conceptions  of  the 
meaning  of  existence,  and  the  re- 
lation of  man  to  the  original  pur- 
poses of  creation.  For  illustra- 
tions, they  had  not  indeed  strayed 
^'ery  far  from  their  own  personal 
experiences  and  circumstances; 
the  jump  back  to  Adam's  domestic 
affairs  was  a  most  abrupt  per- 
formance. Aileen  did  not  laugh, 
for  the  young  man  was  almost 
tragically  serious.  Here  is  a  man, 
he  was  saying,  with  a  purpose  in 
life,  with  a  strength,  too,  as  well 
as  a  will  to  rise  above  low,  grovel- 
ing things  and  do  something  in 
the  world  to  justify  his  existence. 
Lo,  the  fields  of  opportunity  lie 
all  stretched  out  before  him,  but 
he  is  bound  hand  and  foot  by  the 
iron  chains  of  necessity.     Instead 


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Watson's  Jeffersonian  Magazine 


of  completing  his  law  course  and 
entering  at  once  upon  a  career  of 
honor  and  usefulness  to  his  peo- 
ple and  his  State,  here  he  is  com- 
pelled to  waste  precious  life  and 
energy  for,  perhaps,  two  or  three 
years,  and  in  such  a  place  as  this, 
in  order  to  get  enough  of  this  vile 
and  filthy  lucre  called  money  to 
defray  his  personal  expenses. 

"Why  do  you  teach?"  he  asked 
suddenly. 

"Oh,  I  love  it,"  she  relied.  "And 
while  I  suppose  I  am  teaching  be- 
cause I  have  to,  there  is  such  op- 
portunity to  do  good  in  the  world, 
especially  in  a  small  place  like 
this.  Besides,  Professor  Tilson  is 
such  a  practical  man,  one  can  so 
easily  see  the  result  of  one's  work 
upon  the  lives  of  others." 

Jim  had  been  pacing  back  and 
forth,  talking  in  a  semi-soliloquy, 
as  if  almost  unconscious  of  her 
presence.  She  felt  flattered  rather 
than  chagrined  at  this.  She  was 
young,  but  she  had  had  experience 
enough  to  know  that  one  way  a 
man  has  of  flattering  a  woman  is 
to  pretend  to  think  in  her  pres- 
ence. When  he  turned  suddenly 
and  asked  "Why  do  you  teach?" 
she  was  glad  of  the  opportunity  to 
let  him  know  that  she  too  had 
ideals,  but  that  she  was  realizing 
hers.  Her  answer  was  a  surprise 
to  him.  He  stopped  and  looked 
at  her  thoughtfully  for  a  moment, 
and  then,  changing  his  manner 
entirely,  sat  down  on  the  step  be- 
side her.  "V^Tiat,  after  all,  had  he 
to  complain  of?  Why  not  make 
the  most  of  the  situation?  True, 
he  was  forced  to  posti^one  enter- 
ing upon  his  career  as  a  lawyer, 
but  this  was  only  for  a  short  time. 
Meanwhile,  there  might  be  some 
compensating    circumstances :     he 


might,  for  instance,  do  something 
for  the  advancement  of  the  world 
even  as  a  teacher.  And  here  was 
one  who  was  to  be  associated  with 
him,  who  lived  and  labored  in  the 
world  with  a  purpose  in  view, 
with  whom  service  and  duty  and 
the  world's  advancement,  not 
mere  ease  and  pleasure,  seemed  to- 
be  guiding  principles.  She,  in- 
deed, had  ideals  similar  to  his 
own,  and  they  were  to  work  to- 
gether. She  was  sitting  just  above 
him,  but  a  few  feet  away,  her  head 
resting  against  the  railing  of  the 
steps  and  her  eyes  fixed  upon  him, 
a  radiant  smile  lighting  up  her 
face.  Jim  was  looking  into  these 
eyes,  and  whatever  he  thought  he 
Avas  thinking  about  guiding  prin- 
ciples and  that  sort  of  thing,  his 
journal  entry  describing  the  con- 
versation contained  this:  "A  pink 
rose  was  stuck  in  her  golden  hair,, 
which,  arranged  like  a  semi-cir- 
cular pompadour,  shone  like  the 
corona  around  the  sun;  and  the 
rays  from  her  two  big  bright  blue 
orbs,  shining  out  into  the  night, 
Avent  into  me  somewhere  and — and 
— lit  me  up  inside." 

Anyway,  Jim  began  to  take  a 
keen  interest  in  his  immediate  sur- 
roundings, and  the  two  young 
teachers  soon  fell  into  a  discussion 
of  the  school,  and  into  more  or 
less  elaborate  expositions  of  their 
respective  theories  of  education. 
For,  while  Jim  was  preparing 
himself  for  the  law  and  had  no- 
other  idea  of  teacliing  except  as  a 
stepping  stone  to  something  bet- 
ter, he  had  theories.  Indeed, 
while  at  college  he  had  studied 
pedagog.y  for  a  whole  half  a  term,, 
and  in  the  compan}^  of  the  Profes- 
sor of  Pedagogy,  had  gone  on 
three  or   four  expeditions  of  in- 


The  Dark  Corner 


717 


spectioii  of  the  city  schools.  Hence, 
very  ^vell  he  nii<rht  reasonably 
consider  that  he  knew  all  about 
it.  And  the  younfj  lady,  while 
two  years  younger  than  Jim,  had 
been  <jraduated  from  colle<re  at 
nineteen  and  had  had  a  year's  ex- 
perience under  no  less  distin<::uish- 
ed  a  ])receptor  than  Professor  J. 
Marqninius  T.  himself.  She  en- 
tered, therefore,  with  great  enthu- 
siasm into  the  instruction  of  the 
new  teacher  in  the  correct  ways  of 
teaching,  as  they  were  conceived 
and  executed  bv  the  President  of 
the  H.  C.  M.  I.' 

"How  many  teachers  have  you 
in  the  school?"  he  asked. 

•'7,"  was  the  prompt  reply.  And 
she  did  not  speak  in  the  word 
''seven,*"'  but  in  the  figure.  "'Yes," 
she  went  on,  seeing  that  Jim  was 
impressed,  "we  have  7  teachers, 
139  students,  representing  11 
counties  in  this  State,  besides  8 
counties  outside  the  State.  The 
teachers  board  in  the  same  house 
and  eat  at  the  same  table  with  the 
students,  so  that  they  have  pa- 
rental care  and  attention." 

Jim  thought  he  had  read  some- 
thing like  this  in  one  of  the  cir- 
culars inclosed  in  the  letter  he  had 
received  from  Hollisville,  but  he 
may  have  been  mistaken,  so  he 
made  no  reference  to  it.  and  the 
young  lady  continued. 

"When  Professor  came  here,  the 
school  was  hardly  anything.  Now 
it  has  grown  to  be  the  largest 
school  in  the  southeastern  section 
of  the  State.  It  has  grown  from 
70  students  to  139  and  from  one 
county  represented  to  14." 

Being  sufficiently  iiii|)r('-;sed 
with  these  mighty  figures,  Jim 
wanted  to  know  how  the  work 
went    on    in   the   school    room    I)v 


which  such  wonderful  results 
were  obtained. 

•"What  do  you  teach?"  he  asked. 

•"I  taught,  last  year,  let  me  see 
now — I  taught  French  and  Ger- 
man, physical  geograi)hy,  calis- 
thenics, botany,  English  litera- 
lur(»,  rhetoric,  zoology,  trigonome- 
try, elocution,  dictation,  and  mor- 
al philosophy.  Tiien  I  filled  out 
my  time  by  helping  with  the  girls. 
I  had  a  few  of  the  larger  girls 
who  were  under  my  especial  care. 
The}'  sat  in  my  room  at  school  and 
were  completely  under  my  con- 
trol. They  couldn't  speak,  not 
even  to  borrow  a  pencil  or  a  book, 
without  getting  permission  from 
me."  And  her  face  glowed  with 
particular  delight  as  she  told  of 
this.  But  she  added,  "Professor 
has  the  same  rule  in  all  the  rooms. 
He  has  an  Officer  of  the  Day  to  re- 
port all  the  students  who  misbe- 
have or  break  any  of  the  rules.  The 
Officer  of  the  Day  does  not  have 
any  recitations  liimself,  but  he 
puts  on  a  red  sash  and  keeps  his 
cap  on  all  the  time  and  sits  up  on 
the  stage  with  paper  and  pencil  to 
take  down  any  one's  name  who 
talks  or  misbehaves.  He  has  to 
hand  in  a  written  report  just  be- 
fore the  school  closes  every  day." 

AVhen  she  had  described  the 
character  and  duties  of  this  ex- 
traordinary functionary,  she  stop- 
ped, leaned  her  head  against  the 
post,  and  looked  at  Jim  to  see  if 
he  were  sufficiently  impressed.  He 
was  imin-essed,  but  not  with  that 
wonderful  Officer  of  the  Day.  She 
was  HO  in  earnest,  so  enthusiastic, 
so  filled  with  the  idea  of  the  per- 
fect wonder  of  it,  that  back  of 
those  luminous  blue  eyes  there  was 
something  which  seemed  to  him 
very  much  more  important. 


718 


Watsons  Jeffersonian  Magazine 


''What  system  of  punishment  do 
you  like?"  she  asked. 

Jim  racked  his  memory  in  vain 
for  something  his  pedagogy  books 
had  said  on  "sj^stems  of  punish- 
ment." Finally  in  humiliation  he 
had  to  confess  that  he  was  not  fa- 
miliar enough  with  the  various 
"systems"  to  express  a  preference. 

"We  have  the  extra  duty  sys- 
tem," she  observed.  "Are  you  fa- 
miliar with  thatl" 

His  blank  face  showed  her  that 
he  was  not,  and  she  started  with 
renewed  enthusiasm  into  a  some- 
what elaborate  exposition  of  it. 

"If  a  boy  laughs  out  loud  he 
has  to  walk  two  hours  of  extra 
duty,  and  he  has  to  walk  with  his 
hands  down  by  his  side,  his  shoul- 
ders erect,  and  his  gun  across  his 
shoulder.    If — " 

"Are  they  supplied  with  guns?" 
Jim  asked  in  surprise. 

"Just  at  present  they  are  using 
sticks  for  guns,"  she  replied,  "but 
Professor  is  going  to  get  real  guns 
for  them  very  soon." 

How  a  boy  could  accomplish  so 
wonderful  a  feat  as  holding  both 
his  hands  by  his  side  while  carry- 
ing his  gun  across  his  shoulder 
slightly  puzzled  Jim's  mind,  but 
lie  did  not  interrupt  to  ask.  So 
she  continued: 

"If  a  boy  is  seen  hitting  an- 
other boy,  or  tripping  him  up,  or 
tickling  him,  or  sticking  pins  into 
liim  or  making  faces,  or  shooting 
balls  of  paper,  or  playing  pranks 
of  any  kind  in  school,  he  walks  two 
hours  and  a  half  of  extra  duty. 
If  it  is  a  girl  who  laughs  out  loud 
or  does  any  thing  against  the 
rules,  she  has  to  write  2,000  words. 
It  depends  on  what  the  offense  is. 
There  is  a  printed  list  of  offenses, 
with     the     punishment     opposite 


each,  posted  up  in  each  room.  The 
boys  have  to  walk  extra  duty,  and 
the  girls  have  to  write  words, 
though  both  are  called  'Extra 
Duty.'  Sometimes  as  manj^  as 
seventy-five  students  are  on  extra 
duty  at  the  same  time." 

And  back  of  the  blue  eyes,  some- 
thing seemed  to  say  again,  this 
time  somewhat  louder  than  before, 
"Really,  now,  do  you  think  there 
has  been  anything  so  wonderful 
as  this,  ever?" 

Jim,  poor  fellow !  felt  dazed 
for  a  while;  and  it  was  not  alto- 
gether that  wonderful  "system'^ 
that  dazed  him.  But  presently^ 
he  ran  across,  in  his  memory,  some 
of  the  things  which  were  said  in 
Page's  Theory  and  Practice  of 
Teaching,  Parker's  Talks  on  Peda- 
gogics, or  the  Algemeine  Peda- 
gogik,  books  he  had  read  in  his 
course  in  pedagogy.  These  he 
spouted  out  in  as  impressive  a 
style  as  he  could,  feeling  a  strong 
inclination  to  swallow  every  now 
and  then. 

:Miss  Hall  told  Jim  all  about  the 
work  at  Hollisville  and  about  the- 
town,  highly  coloring  everything, 
though  unconsciously,  in  her  en- 
thusiasm. It  was  all  so  perfectly 
splendid.  She  did  not  brag  about, 
the  school ;  it  Avas  not  necessary ; 
she  just  told  the  facts  and  gave 
the  figures.  They  spoke  for  them- 
selves; anybody  with  a  grain  of 
sense  must  be  impressed;  they 
were  so  wonderful.  AVliile,  as  for 
"the  Professor,"  there  just  simply 
could  not  be  anj^thing  so  wonder- 
ful as  he. 

She  told  him  also  about  her 
Sunday-School  Class.  The  Pro- 
fessor was  a  Baptist,  and  so  were 
all  the  other  teachers,  except  her- 
self, who  was    an    Episcopalian. 


The  Dark  Corner 


"19 


'riuTi'  Wire  several  Kpiscopal 
<rirls  in  the  sehool,  so  (hat  she 
took  charfje  of  these  and  had  a 
Sunday-School  class  for  them. 
There  wore  some  E})iseoi)alians  in 
that  section  of  the  vState  and,  by 
tellin<;  them  about  her  bein<;  there, 
the  Professor  had  been  able  to  in- 
duce them  to  come  to  the  school. 

"In  a  larger  place,"  she  said, 
"the  people  do  not  have  the  same 
confidence  in  you,  do  not  seem  to 
fe:'l  the  same  dependence  in  you, 
as  they  do  in  a  little  place  like 
Ilollisville.  Somehow  in  a  place 
like  this,  you  ^ot  nearer  to  the 
peoi)le:  you  know — I  mean  in 
their  spiritual  lives.  Of  course, 
there  are  quite  a  number  of  peo- 
ple here,  and  many  of  the  pupils, 
who  are  beneath  you  in  the  social 
scale;  but  then,  somehow,  don't 
you  know,  you  lose  sight  of  that, 
to  a  certain  extent,  in  a  little 
town,  and  you  don't  mind  it  so 
much." 

•"You  know  I  jiave  never  been 
told  what  my  position  in  the 
school  is  to  be,"  Jim  observed  at  a 
later  stage  of  the  conversation. 

'*Oh,"  she  said  smiling,  "you 
are  to  be  Vice-President  and  Pro- 
fessor of  Latin,  {xreek.  and  Eng- 
lish Philolog}'." 

Now  do  not  get  excited;  Jim 
did  not  faint.  This  might  have 
sounded  formidable  to  one  who 
had  been  out  of  college  longer,  or 
to  one  who  had  been  in  college 
longer;  but  to  him,  who  liad  had  a 
four  years'  smattering,  a  mere 
taste  of  the  upper  crust  of  knowl- 
edge, why,  there  was  nothing  in 
his  general  estimation  of  himself 
which  precluded  the  idea  of  his 
l)eing  vice-president  ot  anything, 
or  president,  for  that  matter; 
while  as  for  his  being  Professor 


i)!' Latin,  (ireek,  and  Knglish  Phil- 
ology, although  he  had  studied 
Latin  oidy  six  montiis  in  his  whole 
life  and  scarcely  knew  the  (ireek 
alphabet,  and  the  word  "philolo- 
gy'' was  hardly  yet  in  his  vocabu- 
lary, this  was  turned  around  in 
his  head  with  as  much  ease  as  if 
it  had  been  that  of  b^'coming  coun- 
try mail  carrier  or  Secretary  of 
the  United  States  Treasury. 

AMien  Jim  reached  his  room, 
though,  it  was  not  the  very  won- 
derful school  nor  the  very  won- 
derful "Professor"  with  wliich  his 
mind  was  occupied;  nor  was  he 
wliolly  absorbed  with  the  con- 
sideration of  guiding  principles; 
nor  yet  did  he  lose  much  sleep  be- 
cause of  the  postponement  of  his 
life's  work.  But  he  was  more  than 
usually  thoughtful.  He  looked 
through  several  volumes  of  his 
joui'iial,  and  aftei-  turning  over 
many  pages,  he  paused  a  long 
time  before  a  page  on  whirli  thi^ 
was  written : 

"Our  preacher,  Mr.  Huml)ert, 
says  God  will  point  every  man  to 
the  right  one  for  his  wife.  I  don't 
know  how  He  is  going  to  i)oint. 
but  if  putting  two  people  in  the 
same  house  together,  one  a  little 
boy  and  the  other  a  little  girl,  and 
the  little  girl  a  ])retty  little  girl 
and  good  and  who  has  got  some 
sense,  and  the  little  l)oy  no  kin  to 
her.  is  pointing,  then  it  must  be 
/\iny.  and  that  would  suit  me  first 
rate.  Put  whoever  He  points  me 
to  I  don't  want  her  to  be  one  of 
these  girls  what  are  always  mak- 
ing out  they  don't  like  boys  when 
they  are  most  crazy  about  them. 
And  I  don't  care  much  about 
what  kind  of  eyes  and  mouth  she 
has  got,  l)ut  I  want  her  to  have  a 
good  heart  and  know  how  to  do 


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Watson's  Jeffersonian  Magazine 


when  company  comes  and  how  to 
not  langh  at  nothing.  And  I 
want  her  to  know  how  to  put  her 
clothes  on  right  and  not  be  always 
stopping  like  Jessie  Wilson  to  pull 
up  her  stocking.  I  don't  reckon  I 
have  ever  seen  her.  Lots  of  times, 
though,  I  have  looked  at  one  that 
I  thought  might  be  the  one,  and 
every  time  she  reminded  me  of 
Amy.  I  hope  God  if  He  is  going 
to  look  after  this  business  for  me 
will  make  whoever  is  the  one  look 
at  me  the  same  time  I  look  at  her, 
because  I  don't  want  to  be  running 
all  about  trying  to  get  a  look  at  a 
girl  wdio  has  got  her  eyes  on  some 
other  boy,  like  Joe  Rivers  runs 
after  Ellen  Kirk,  when  Ellen  is 
looking  at  another  boy,  but  I  won't 
say  who  the  other  boy  is  because 
it  might  not  be  so." 

This  was  written  when  he  was 
twelve  years  old.  After  reading 
it  over  several  times,  he  turned  on 
and  read  other  entries  of  a  similar 
nature.  It  was  among  the  entries 
made  during  a  summer  vacation 
from  college  that  he  found  an  ar- 
ticle entitled,  "The  Dream  of  Fair 
Women,  with  Apologies  to  Tenny- 
son— and  to  Each  of  the  Fair 
Women."  In  this  he  had  sketch- 
ed, with  varying  degrees  of  elabo- 
ration, according  to  the  imjDression 
each  had  made  on  his  mind — he 
would  not  say  his  heart — each 
girl,  "into  whose  qualifications  I 
haA'e  looked,"  Among  them  all, 
still  the  tenderest  feelings  seemed 
to  have  been  clustered  about  some 
vague  being,  whom  he  called  his 
"first  love;"  "scarcely  a  being  at 
all,"  it  read;  "just  a  sentiment, 
perhaps,  for  I  can  scarcely  remem- 
ber anything  except  fighting  for 
her  and  dreaming  about  her  and 
longing   for    her    when    she  was 


gone — and   kissing  her  twice  that 
da}^  she  left." 

It  all  came  back  to  him  now,  as 
it  had  come  back  to  him  many 
times  before,  that  morning  when 
the  tall,  pale-faced  man  drove  up 
m  front  of  the  gate  with  a  white 
horse  hitched  to  a  white-topped 
wagon.  His  mother's  eyes  were 
filled  with  tears  as  she  pressed  the 
little  girl  to  her  bosom  and  kissed 
her  good-bye.  Her  father  picked 
her  up  in  his  big  arms  and  set  her 
into  the  back  of  the  covered 
wagon.  And  he,  Jim,  a  little  boy 
ten  years  old,  stood  there  leaning 
against  the  gate,  with  a  far-away 
look  in  his  eyes,  a  strange  feeling 
in  his  young  heart,  and  a  red  rose 
hid  beneath  his  loose  blouse. 
While  the  tall,  pale-faced  man 
was  telling  his  mother  and  father 
good-bye,  he  climbed  into  the  back 
of  the  wagon,  took  out  the  rose 
which  he  had  picked  from  the 
bush  he  and  she  had  hid  under 
while  playing  "I  spy,"  and  stuck 
it  into  her  hair.  Then  he  leaned 
over  the  back  of  the  seat,  put  his 
hands  on  her  golden  curls,  looked 
into  her  bright  eyes  and  kissed 
her  on  her  red  lips.  Noticing  the 
red  scar  on  her  temple,  which  his 
mother  said  would  be  there  al- 
ways, he  reached  up  and  kissed  it. 
All  this  he  thought  of  that  night 
as  he  sat  with  the  book  on  his  lap 
and  looked  out  into  the  darkness. 

At  length  he  turned  to  a  fresh 
page  in  his  journal  and  Avrote: 

"I  remember  she  had  light  hair. 
We  called  her  Amy,  though  Moth- 
er once  told  nie  that  was  not  the 
name  she  bore  Avhen  she  came  to 
our  house.  What  the  other  name 
is  I  have  forgotten.  It  could  not 
have  been  Aileen — oh,  pshaw  ! 
What  nonsense!" 


(CONTINUED  IN  NEXT  MONTH'S  liSUE) 


THE  LIFE  AND  TIMES  OF 
ANDREW  JACKSON 

HOOX    II.  — (^HAI'lIK    VIII. 

THERE  are  to  be  foiiiul,  here  and  there,  in  the  annals  of  nations, 
some  very  remarkable  instanees  of  «>:reat  men  whose  fame  and 
power  rested  upon  the  support  of  an  unselfish  and  almost  un- 
known friend.  In  the  case  of  Lord  Thurlow,  to  whom  the  eom- 
paratively  obscure  Harorave  was  the  indispensable  prop,  the  sin«rular 
facts  live  in  immortal  liction,  for  Dickens  nuide  use  of  it  in  his  most 
perfect  novel,  "The  Tale  of  Two  Cities".  Sidney  Carton  and  the  bois- 
terous, self-assertive  Strivcr — the  one  sensitive,  retirinij;,  and  a  .slave  to 
drink,  the  other  bold,  brassy,  voluble  and  merely  absorbtive  mentally 
—were  portrayed  by  Dickens  as  the  jackal  and  tiie  lion:  and  the  char- 
acters .were  sugorpsted  to  him  by  the  relations  that  existed  between  the 
modest  London  hiwyer,  Har^jrave,  and  the  blustering,  brow-beating, 
superficial  Lord  Chancellor  Thurlow. 

•  It  may  not  be  true  that  the  almost  mythical  "grey  cardiiuir'  was  as 
much  to  Richelieu  as  has  been  pretended,  but  in  the  case  of  Mirabeau 
there  can  be  no  doubt  of  the  way  he  fed  on  the  fertile  brain  of  the 
Genevese  Dumont — a  man  who  shrank  from  notoriety  and  whose  un- 
.selfish  services  to  the  orator  and  tribune  were  known  only  to  the  few. 

A  yet  more  interesting  instance  is  that  of  the  Emperor  Napoleon 
III.  and  the  Duke  De  Morny.  If  you  have  a  book  with  the  necessary 
pictures  in  it,  compare  the  faces  of  Charles  Bonaparte  and  his  wife, 
Letitia,  with  those  of  all  the  Bonaparte  children,  and  then  with  that  of 
Napoleon's  son,  and  those  of  Prince  Napoleon, — "Plon  I*lon" — or  any 
other  Bonaparte  of  the  second  generation,  known  to  be  legithrnte, — 
and  you  will  immediately  recognize  the  facial  resemblance.  The  Bona- 
parte features  are  unmistakable.  But  study  the  face  of  Naj)oleon  TIL 
His  are  not  Bonaparte  features.  They  are  coarse,  heavy,  dull.  Some 
of  the  Bonaj)arte  faces  are  sensual  but  none  of  them  arc  coarse,  or 
heavy,  or  dull. 

The  countenance  of  the  third  Emperor  Napoleon  suggests  slowness 
of  mental  process,  phlegm  of  disposition  and  irresolution  of  purjjose. 
There  is  no  suggestion  of  reserved  power,  internal  fire,  intellectual 
vivacity.  His  face  looks  Dutch,— quite  properly,  for  his  father  was 
Admiral  Horn  of  Holland. 

But  his  mother.  Queen  Hortense,  brought  into  the  world  another 
son,  who  is  to  me  one  of  the  most  fascinating  men  of  hfstory.  His 
father  was  the  Duke  of  Flahaut,  a  gay  gallant, — one  of  the  l)raves  who 
galloped  with  the  last  of  the  great  Captain's  orders  at  Waterloo. 

De  Morny  was  addicted  to  pleasure,  els*-  he  would  have  left  a  nuirk 


722  Watson's  Jeffersonian  Magazine 

mi  Europe  deep  as  that  of  Richelieu,  He  was  quick  as  lightning,  pos- 
sessed unerring  sagacity,  was  bold  and  resourceful,  w^as  a  natural  poli- 
tician. It  was  his  hand  that  steered  his  halting,  blundreing,  half- 
brother  through  the  Coup  cVetat,  and  made  him  Emperor.  It  was  he 
w^ho  piloted  Napoleon  III.  through  all  sorts  of  difficulties.  Had  De 
Morny  lived,  Germans  would  not  have  caught  Frenchmen  unprepared. 

Exhausted  by  excesses  and  cut  down  in  the  prime  of  life,  De  Morny 
had  a  last  and  most  affecting  talk  with  his  half-brother,  and  as  the 
weeping  Emperor  was  leaving  the  room,  the  dying  man  called  him 
back  and  said,  once  more,  "/S'/re,  heicare  of  Prussia.'''' 

Napoleon  III.  did  not  know  how  to  profit  by  the  advice,  allowed 
his  bigoted  wife  to  push  him  into  a  war  for  which  France  was  not 
ready,  and,  in  the  effort  to  gratify  the  Pope  by  a  victor}^  over  Protest- 
ant Prussia,  the  Napoleonic  dynasty  was  swept  away,  and  France 
crushed  and  dismembered. 


As  long  as  human  records  are  kept  and  read,  the  name  of  Andrew 
Jackson  will  shine  among  the  fixed  stars.  He  won  his  way  by  indom- 
itable pluck,  fierce  determination  and  energy,  his  ambition  being  of  the 
loftiest  type  and  his  success  of  the  kind  that  dazzles.  No  matter  how 
much  we  may  feel  compelled  to  condemn  him  for  the  spots,  we  are 
forced  to  admit  that  it  is  a  blazing  sun  we  are  looking  at  and  quarrel- 
ing with, — not  a  fire-fly  or  even  a  comet. 

Yet  at  the  very  foundation  of  his  success,  lies  the  support  of  a  man 
w^hose  name  was  utterly  unknown  to  the  millions  who  shouted,  "Hur- 
rah for  Jackson  !"  This  unassuming  friend,  who  kept  himself  in  the 
background  always,  was  William  B.  Lewis. 

In  the  case  of  most  of  the  helpers  of  great  men, — the  jackals  who 
bring  food  to  the  lions — there  is  a  sharing  of  the  spoil.  Sometimes 
they  folloAv  from  afar  and  are  content  with  the  crumbs,  but  in  the  gen- 
erality of  instances,  the  aid  is  amply  rewarded.  So  far  as  I  know,  the 
devotion  of  AYilliam  B.  Lewis  to  Andrew  Jackson  is  unique,  in  that  he 
never  even  seemed  to  think  of  asking  anything  for  himself.  He  was 
a  fountain  of  friendship,  loyalty,  and  service  that  flowed  spontaneously, 
incessantly,  copiously,  gratuitously.  In  war  and  in  peace,  in  politics 
and  in  soldiering,  Lewis  was  always  ready,  willing,  capable,  indispen- 
sable. Advising  his  chief,  restraining  him,  writing  his  more  important 
letters,  proclamations,  and  public  manifestos  for  him,  electioneering 
for  him,  planning  for  him,  pulling  wires  for  him,  covering  up  ugly 
things  for  him,  telling  lies  for  him, — the  faithful  Lewis  balked  at  noth- 
ing. And  whenever  Lewis  could  get  to  Jackson  before  he  had  already 
formed  and  exjiressed  an  opinion,  he  could  wind  his  chief  around  his 
little  finger  without  the  doughty  old  warrior  susj^ecting  that  he  was 
being  jjut  on  the  spool. 

If  ever  the  General,  at  an  emergency,  blazed  away  on  his  own  hook, 
— he  was  pretty  ai)t  to  make  a  nice  hot  mess  of  it.  For  instance,  he 
flew  off  the  handle  because  General  Winfield  Scott  characterized  as  mu- 


The  Life  and  Times  of  Andrew  Jackson  '^'23 

tinoiis  ()iu>  of  .lackson's  ''(Jonoral  Ordors",  which  was  uncoiimionly 
mutinous,  and  ho  fiivil  an  iiuproptii  letter  at  Scott  which  carries  con- 
sternation to  JacUsonian  worshippers, — it  is  so  crude,  violent,  and  in- 
defensible. Lewis  had  not  "jot  the  chance  to  revise  and  recast  it,  you 
see.  Nor  was  Lewis  with  him  in  that  last  <5lorious  trip  to  Florida, 
when,  as  Governor,  he  <;»)t  everything  in  such  a  ridiculous  tangle. 

Determined  to  make  a  President  out  of  his  chief,  Col.  Lewis  set  to 
work  with  his  usual  shrewdness,  method,  energy  and  diplomacy. 
Knowing  that  the  Congressional  Caucus  would  never  listen  to  the  prop- 
osition to  nominate  Jackson,  the  obvious  tiling  to  do  was  to  attack  the 
caucus.  It  had  given  the  country  several  excellent  Presidents:  it  was 
about  to  name  another  candidate  who  possessed  every  qualification  for 
the  office:  no  breath  of  scandal  had  ever  blown  against  it;  no  hint  of 
corruption  had  ever  been  dropped  about  it, — but  it  had  to  go,  never- 
theless. It  was  in  Andrew  Jackson's  way;  and  whatever  was  in  the 
way  of  that  stern,  inflexible  man,  w^as  necessarily  bad,  unpatriotic,  and 
detrimental  to  the  country. 

In  a  very  slioj-t  while,  Col.  Lewis  got  busy  with  a  systematic  assault 
upon  the  wicked,  obstructive  caucus,  and  he  said  lots  of  hard  things 
about  it.  He  drew  dark  pictures  of  plottings  and  jugglings,  and  va- 
rious other  suspicious  parleyings  that  went  on,  behind  closed  doors,  in 
this  Congressional  Caucus.  The  men  who  made  up  this  disreputable  con- 
vention were  those  upon  whose  characters  the  people  themselves  had 
passed  in  electing  them  to  Congress.  In  the  event  of  their  choosing  an 
unfit  candidate  for  President,  they  not  only  ran  the  risk  of  having 
their  man  defeated,  but  of  being  beaten  themselves  by  their  resentful 
constituents  at  the  next  election.  Therefore,  you  might  almost  say  that 
kind  of  a  nominating  convention  w'as  under  bond  to  select  a  fit  and 
proper  candidate.  The  more  I  think  of  it,  the  greater  is  my  inclination 
to  have  a  good  opinion  of  the  old  Congressional  Caucus.  It  had  many 
advantages  over  our  present  system,  where  money  and  patronage  are 
used  to  secure  the  nomination,  as  well  as  to  carry  the  election. 

But,  the  nominating  convention  composed  of  statesmen  like  John 
Forsyth,  Thomas  II.  Benton,  Henry  Clay,  Daniel  Webster,  John  C. 
Calhoun,  George  McDuffie,  Nathaniel  Macon,  Thomas  W.  Cobb,  etc., 
etc.,  was  in  Andrew  Jackson's  way.  Of  course,  it  was  a  palpably  dan- 
gerous and  corrupt  thing,  and  had  to  die.  By  the  time  Lewis  had  ac- 
cused it  of  all  the  things  which  he  was  doing  and  the  caucus  wasn't,  it 
had  few  friends. 

When  it  finally  convened  to  nominate  Crawford,  which  it  did  al- 
most unanimously,  only  <)(')  men  attended  out  of  a  membership  of  '2VA. 
That  sort  of  nominating  convention  never  met  again.  "King  Caucus'' 
was  dead,  and  the  country  well  on  its  way  to  the  spoils  system  and  the 
modern  practice  of  buying  both  nomination  and  election. 

General  Jackson  was,  very  properly,  put  in  the  race  by  the  legis- 
lature of  Tennessee.  His  home  state  was  enthusiastic  for  him  and  no- 
bodv  doubted  that  he  would  receive  almost  every  vote  that  was  cast; 


'24 


Watson's  Jeffersonian   Magazine 


but  one  of  the  U.  S.  Senators  from  Tennessee  was  pledged  to  Craw- 
ford. Here  was  a  dilemma,  for  it  was  time  for  a  successor  to  this  Sen- 
ator to  be  chosen,  and  he  was  a  candidate  for  re-election.  It  would  not 
hurt  Jackson's  chances  in  Tennessee  to  have  the  legislature  which  put 
him  in  nomination  for  the  Presidency  elect  a  Crawford  man  to  the 
U.  S.  Senate,  but  what  would  the  effect  be  in  other  states  ? 

Col.  Lewis  and  Judge  Overton  decided  that  Senator  John  Williams 
must  be  defeated,  and  they  went  actively  to  work  at  Murfreesboro, 
Avhere  the  legislature  was  in  session,  to  do  it. 

To  their  dismay  they  found  that  there  wasn't  a  single  available 
candidate  who  could  muster  enough  votes.  The  fine  soldier  who  had 
gone  with  his  regiment  of  regulars  to  Jackson's  relief  at  the  most  crit- 
ical time  of  the  Creek  war,  and  who  had  contributed  so  largely  to  the 
success  of  the  campaign,  was  immensely  popular.  It  suddenly  dawned 
upon  the  astute  Lewis  that  there  was  only  one  man  in  Tennessee  who 
could  beat  John  Williams,  and  that  was  old  Hickory  himself!  Post- 
haste Judge  Overton  made  a  bee-line  for  the  Hermitage,  arriving  there 
at  breakfast  time.  The  situation  at  Murfreesboro  was  explained  to  the 
General ;  and  the  necessity  for  the  use  of  his  name  was  stated.  Quick 
as  a  flash  he  decided.  "Go  right  back  to  Murfreesboro  and  put  my 
name  in  nomination.  I  do  not  want  the  office,  but,  by  the  Eternal, 
John  Williams  shall  not  be  re-elected." 

Overton  hurried  back  to  the  legislature  immediartely :  Jackson  was 
nominated,  on  the  same  day,  and  Williams  defeated. 
(TO   BE   CONTINUED) 


^  JJutsljdl  ^0trd  iax  a  iltnktore  MnUt 


VOL.  I. 
^  toiniung  toile, 
^  sunny  smile, 

]K  fcatljcr: 
^  tinu  talk, 
^  pleasant  ttialk, 


By  J.  Ashby  Sterry 
[Boudoir  Ballads] 


VOL.  IL 
attic  boubt, 
playful  pout, 

d^apricious: 
merry  miss, 
stolen  kiss, 

Pelicious ! ! 


VOL.  IlL 
^ou  ask  mama, 
(Consult  papa, 

liUttlj  pleasure: 
^xih  botli  repent 
%\\\s  raal}  eUent, 

^t  leisure ! ! ! 


POOR  WHITES  AND  NEGROES 

Uhkmkn,  CtA.,  June  4,  1909. 

Dkak  Sik: — 1  notice  in  your  June 
magazine,  in  answer  to  1).  J.  Newell. 
A[.  1)..  that  you  say:  "If  the  Soutliern 
Confederacy  liail  not  been  invaded,  but 
alhnved  to  take  its  i)hice  among  the  otli- 
er  separate  and  independent  j^overnnients 
of  the  New  WorUi.  it  woukl  liave  been 
far  better  for  tlie  Soutli  and  for  the  re- 
mainder of  the  Union." 

You  liave  in  mind,  1  suppose,  tliat 
slavery  would  have  been  voluntarily 
abolislied. 

Now.  what,  in  your  opinion,  would 
have  been  tlu;  condition  with  tiie  poor-^r 
class  of  white  jieople  if  this  abolition  of 
slavery  had  not  taken  place? 

Very  truly.  J).  R.  Brock. 

(Route  1.) 

ANSWKR. 

The  poor  whites  would  have  been  in  no 
worse  condition  than  they  are  at  pres 
ent.  In  the  South  the  free  negro  com- 
petes with  white  labor  at  a  greater  num- 
ber of  points  than  under  slavery.  Bc- 
sitles,  the  competition  is  fiercer. 

The  average  standard  of  living  among 
the  slaves  was  maintained  by  the  mas- 
ters at  a  higiier  level  than  it  is  now; 
conse(|uently,  the  poor  whites  were  not 
pressed  to  tlie  wall  by  the  competition 
of  cheap  negro  labor.  If  you  look 
around  you  today,  you  will  see  black  car- 
l)enters,  brick- layers,  house-builders  and 
even  farm  hands  doing  the  work  for  less 
tnan  a  white  man  can  atlord  to  do  it.  for 
the  reason  tiiat  the  neyro  can  live  on 
less. 


(1)  Who  began  the  war? 

(2)  Where  does  the  responsibility  rest 
for  the  opening  of  hostilities? 

W.  A.  Woot). 


(  1  )  I  he  North  began  the  war  by  re- 
fusing to  treat  for  ])eace  with  the  Con- 
t ('derate  C'ommissioners,  and  by  stealth- 
ily endeavoring  to  throw  supplies  into 
Kort  Sumpter  after  Mr.  Seward  had  as- 
sured the  Confederate  Commissioners 
mat  tlie  status  (/uo  would  be  maintained. 

(2)  Upon  the  North,  because  of  the 
repudiation  of  constitutional  pledges,  the 
refusal  to  com|)romise  on  the  old  Mis- 
souri Compromise  line,  and  the  enact- 
nu'ut  of  state  laws  nullifying  a  clause  in 
tlie  Constitution  put  there  as  the  guar- 
anty of  security  to  the  South  if  she 
would  secede  from  the  Confederation  and 
join  the  Union. 


WHO   BEGAN  THE   CIVIL  WAR? 

Hklaisk,  Tknn.,  May  10,   1909. 
Please  answer  in  the  next  issue  of  the 
Jkkfkksomax  tlu'  following: 

In    the    light    of    actual    fact    and    the 
laws   of   nations,    which    side   was   guilty 
of   the   first   belligerent    act    in    the    War 
I'.etween   the  States?     The  truth  on  tin 
question  answers: 


JUSTUS  ELBERT'S  ERRORS 

In  a  little  book  of  88  pages  by  Justus 
!;i)ert  (a  Socialist)  entitled,  "American 
Industrial  Evolution",  on  pages  56  and 
.')? — in  specifying  tiie  parties  against  plu- 
t(!eracy  he  says: 

"First:  There  were  the  silver  mine 
owners. 

"Second:  The  indebted  farmers  and 
land  speculators  were  also  vitally  con- 
cerned. Success  in  depreciating  the 
money  standard  fifty  per  cent,  by  way  of 
free  and  unlimited  coinage  of  silver 
would  have  enabled  them  to  jiay  their 
mortgage  indebtedness  then  amounting 
to  the  enormous  sum  of  .$(i,01)0.()00,0()0 
in  a  (Irhnsrd  currency  worth  only 
.■i;:{.(l(i(),(t(»(i.(t(Mi.  This  certainly  was  an 
enormous  incentive  to  the  l»ankrui)t 
Jnrming  and  land-holding  class  gener- 
ally." 

f  would  be  awfully  pleased  if  you 
would  touch  this  uji  in  your  Magazine. 
Tlie  idea  of  jmtting  it  that  way, — "suc- 
cess in  depreciating  the  money  stand- 
lard",  and  then  calling  the  currency  a 
••(Ithas)il     viinciirii".     never     intimating 


r26 


Watson's  Jeffersonian  Magazine 


that  plutocracy  appreciated  tlie  currency 
for  the  purpose  of  stealing  (when  pay- 
day came)  twice  the  amount  of  his  wheat 
or  corn  or  cotton.  If  he  had  brought 
these  facts  out,  too,  I  would  not  object. 
But  with  the  implication  that  the  farm- 
ers wished  to  gain  an  undue  advantage, 
or  something  that  did  not  belong  to 
them,   is  abominable. 

If  you  would  enlarge  on  this,  I  think 
it  would  make  delightful  reading  for  a 
great  many  of  your  readers  who  agree 
with  you  on  the  money  question. 

H.  L.  Hutchinson. 

Cambridgeport,  Mass. 

ANSWER. 

Justus  Ebert  must  be  a  human  curio. 
In  a  collection  of  bifurcated  bric-a-brac, 
he  would  be  a  dazzling  attraction. 

Among  men  of  common  sense  and  com- 
mon honesty,  it  has  always  been  consid- 
ered legitimate  and  equitable  to  pay  a 
debt  in  the  money  of  the  contract.  That 
is  to  say,  if  we  give  to  the  creditor  as 
good  currency  as  we  got  from  him,  the 
obligation  is  fully  met,  in  morals  as  well 
as  law. 

In  our  own  dear  country,  the  principle 
has  been  reversed  and  against  the  debtor 
class. 

Debts  which  were  made  under  expan- 
sion, had  to  be  paid  under  contraction. 
Debts  that  were  incurred  when  the  legal 
tender  consisted  of  gold  and  silver  and 
paper,  were  increased  in  value  to  the 
creditor,  and  made  harder  to  pay  by  the 
debtor,  by  the  destruction  of  the  paper 
money.  The  creditor  got  from  the  debtor 
a  scarcer  and  dearer  currency  than  he 
had  loaned. 

Then  when  gold  and  silver  were  both 
coined  on  equal  terms  and  ranked  as 
monetary  partners  and  equals,  debts  were 
contracted  on  the  basis  of  bi-metalism. 
The  creditor  loaned  either  silver  or  gold 
at  his  option.  When  the  creditor  class 
changed  the  law,  made  gold  the  single, 
standard  of  value,  the  money  of  final 
payment  was  again  made  scarcer,  dearer, 
harder  to  get, — devouring  a  greater 
amount  of  labor  and  commodities  when 
pay-day  arrived. 

The  idea  that  the  farmers  wanted  to 
pay  debts  of  six  billion  dollars  with 
three  billions,  would  be  correctly  ex- 
pressed it  Justus  Ebert  had  said  they 
owed  six  billions  and  objected  to  paying 
more  than  six.  By  the  striking  down  of 
silver,  they  were  in  danger  of  having  to 
pay  nine  billions,  measured  in  commodi- 


ties. The  increase  of  the  supply  of  gold 
partially  warded  ofi"  the  contractionist 
blow. 


ST.   BARTHOLOMEW  AND  MISSIS- 
SIPPI SAW  MILLS 

SnELTON,  S.  C,  July  5,  1909. 

Dear  Sir: — Will  you  kindly  answer 
the  following  questions  in  your  maga- 
zine? 

First.  In  your  ^^'eekly  Jeffersonian 
some  time  ago  you  stated  in  the  editorial 
colimms  that  eleven  hundred  saw  mills 
in  the  State  of  Mississippi  failed  to  get 
special  privileges  under  Vardaman's  ad- 
ministration, and  retaliated  by  using 
tlieir  influence  to  defeat  Vardaman  for 
the  LTnited  States  Senate. 

Second.  Are  there  eleven  hundred  saw 
mills  in  Mississippi? 

Third.  Was  it  state  legislation  they 
asked  for?  If  so,  what  was  the  nature 
of  the  requests? 

Fourth.  What  is  the  amount  of  mon- 
ey tae  Steel  Trust  will  derive  from  the 
tariff  of  twcnty-tive  cents  per  ton  on  iron 
ore  as  adopted  or  incorporated  in  the 
pending  tariff  bill? 

Firth.  I  notice  in  your  April  number 
you  say  England  forced  the  slave  trade 
upon  her  colonies;  is  it  a  fact  that  the 
mother  country  was  the  first  to  engage 
in  the  importation  of  negroes  from  their 
native  country  and  sell  them  to  the  colo- 
nies? Please  write  more  fully  on  this- 
subiect. 

Sixth.  In  what  history  can  I  find  an 
account  of  the  terrible  massacre  of  St. 
Bartholomew  of  August  24,  1574?  It  is 
the  massacre  which  you  mention  in  your 
reply  to  Mr.  J.  F.  Arcenaux,  of  Brittany, 
Louisiana. 

I  have  Ridpath's  "History  of  the 
Worla",  but  have  not  been  able  to  find 
on  account  of  the  limited  time  I  have  to 
read.  I  shall  greatly  appreciate  your  an- 
swer to  the  questions  I  have  propounded. 
Yours  truly, 

RoBT.  R.  Jeffares. 


{ 1 )  No.  You  have  that  down  wrong. 
See  next  two  paragraphs. 

(2)  We  did  not  say  that  there  were 
1,100  saw  mills  in  Mississippi,  but  there 
are  probably  that  number.  One  of  the 
Southern  States  which  cuts  less  lumber 
than  Mississippi,  lias  1,100  mills. 

(3)  The  lumber  men  fought  Varda- 
man in  his  race  for  the  Senate  because 
he,  as  Governor,  checked  their  grabbing 
of  the  timber  supply  of  the  State.     He 


Educational 


727 


st'ciiroil  the  jidoption  of  a  law  which  lim- 
ited the  niiniber  of  acres  the  eor[)orati»>iis 
could  own. 

(4)  The  iiuiiiImt  of  tons  of  iron  ore 
produced  in  tliis  country  in  l!K)S  was 
51.700,000  tons.  Tlie  duty  will  add  25 
cents  to  tiie  cost  of  every  ton.  The  pro- 
posed tariJT  will,  therefore,  i)e  worth 
$1 2,925,000  to  the  steel  barons,  and  tlie 
Trust  will  pet  at  least  three-fourths 
of  it. 

(5)  The  slave  trade  is  practically  as 
old  as  the  human  race.  There  always 
have  been  slaves,  tliere  are  slaves  now. 
and  there  will  be  slaves  to  the  end  of 
time.  Queens  and  kin<^s  engan;ed  in  the 
slave  trade,  and  the  practice  continued 
to  a  very  late  day.  England  was  actively 
engaged  in  the  business  and  it  was  Eng- 
land that  literally  forced  the  system 
upon  the  colonies.  Queen  Elizabeth 
chartered  and  encouraged  it.  Virginia 
was  the  first  State  to  declare  against  it. 
Jefferson  led  the  movement  which  ])ut  a 
stop  to  the  importation  of  slaves. 

History  shows  that  Virginia,  Georgia 
and  other  Southern  states  protested  vig- 
orously  to   the   Mother   Country   against 


tiie  slave  trade,  i>ut  the  protests  were  not 
lieeded.  Twenty-three  ditlerent  times 
did  Virginia  remonstrate  with  England 
against  the  tratlic. 

(ti)  All  histories  of  France  and  every 
general  history,  excepting  those  doctor- 
ed by  ('atholic  priests.  The  following 
standard  works  contain  the  story  of  the 
St.  )?artholomew  massacre: 

CJuizot's  "History  of  France". 

Duruy's  "History  of  France". 

Bonnechosc's  "History  of  France". 

In  the  Memoirs  of  the  Duke  of  Sully, 
there  is  a  most  graphic  account  of  the 
massacre.  He  was  in  the  mid.st  of  it  and 
had  a  narrow  escape. 

]n  "The  Life  of  Coliguy",  by  Besant, 
will  be  found  a  good  description  of  the 
St.   Bartholomew. 

The  most  surprising  thing  about  it  is 
that  some  American  Catholics  have  been 
made  to  believe  that  religion  had  noth- 
ing to  do  with  the  butchery.  Every 
man,  woman  and  child  in  Paris  who  did 
not  wear  the  Catholic  badge  on  thai; 
night  and  day  of  doom  was  ruthlessly 
slaughtered  by  priest-incited  mobs. 


-Baltimore  Su« 
WHAT  HAPPENED  ON  JOHN  D.s  LAST  BIRTHDAY 


728 


Watson's  Jeffersonian  Magazine 


^ILL  OUR/1  AM 


THE  JUNIOR  JEFFS 

By  DADDY  JIM 


Nick  Engelbaum,  the  big  Bavarian, 
wlio  was  an  animal  trainer  for  Robin- 
son, and  aftorwartls  for  Fort'iiauj,'!),  onoe 
told  me  that  younj,'  animals  were  more 
sensitive  to  revvartls  than  to  punishment. 
"Und  children,"  he  said,  "it  is  candy  und 
kisses  you  should  <^if  dem;  not  vippens. 
If  (ley  don't  do  ri<,'ht,  cut  out  der  Civndy 
und  kisses,  but  don't  vip  dem."  Against 
that  is  King  Solomon's  saying:  "Spare 
tile  rod  and  spoil  the  child."  Now  it  is 
quite  plain  ttiat  we  cannot  follow  Solo- 
mons advice,  unless  we  had  a  rod  about 
a  thousand  miles  long;  and  we  don't  be- 
lieve the  Junior  Jt'lls  need  it;  so  we 
will  ofler  some  little  prizes  to  arouse  in- 
terest in  this  department  of  our  Mag- 
azine. 

For  the  best  letter  on  "What  I  Did  in 
tile  Holidays',  by  a  girl  or  boy  under 
15  years  of  age,  we  will  give  a  hand- 
some knife,  or  a  pearl  ring,  or  a  pin; 
for  the  next  best  letter,  50  post-cards, 
all  different;  and  for  the  third  letter,  15 
post-cards.  The  letter  must  be  written 
by  yourself,  without  help  from  anyone, 
and  all  letters  must  be  in  our  hands  by 
tlie  last  day  of  September.  Do  your 
best,  not  only  for  the  sake  of  winning 
the  prize,  but  to  interest  tTie  thousands 
of  people  who  will  read  your  letters  when 
they  are  printed. 


TWO  YOUNG  TKXANS 

These  two  young  Westerners  look  stur- 
dy and  capable  of  making  their  way  any- 
where in  the  world.  One  letter  con- 
tains a  touch  of  humor;  the  other,  a 
streak  of  poetry,  it's  not  a  bad  combi- 
nation.    Both  letters  are  good: 

I  am  a  boy  11  years  old.  I  will  send 
mine  and  Warren's  picture,  to  show  you 
how  mueii  wc  appreciate  "The  .Iiinior 
.lefTs".  I  am  on  the  left,  and  Warren 
on  the  right.  (No.  we  are  not  twins.) 
.Mr.  Watson,  you  come  over  to  Texas 
whenever  you  have  time,  and  make  us  a 
speech    here,    at    Hamilton,    for    instance. 


EDCAU  AN'i)  \vai:i:i;n  fkost 

Hamilton,  Texas 

Alanuna  would  go  with  us  to  hear  you. — 
I'^DGAU   Fkost,   Hamilton,  Texas. 

I  iuii  a  Ixiy  U)  years  old,  and  if  mj' 
dreams  eonie  true,  1  will  stiind  up  and 
speak  for  Wat-son  when  1  am  a  man. 
iou  won't  be  "too  old"  by  that  time, 
will  you.  Mr.  Watson?  If  you  are,  I 
will  stoo])  and  gather  soni"  of  t'le  roses 
wliieli  you  have  strewn  along  tlie  fiath- 
way  of  man.  to  aid  me  on  my  j«nirney 
through  life. — Wakukn  Fkost.  Hamil- 
ton. Texas. 


ANOTHKK   GIIIL   NA.Mi:s.\KK 

Hon.  Thomas  K.  Wat.son  : — .\s  I  have 
.seen  some  of  the  girls'  letters  in  your 
magazine,  who  are  named  for  you,  I 
could  not  stand  the  suspense  any  longer, 
so  1  took  this  opr»ortunity  to  write  to 
vou.  I  have  y<nir  full  name,  which  I  do 
appreciate.      1    am    called    "Tommie"    by 


rso 


Watson's  Jeffersonian  Magazine 


everyone,  except  mother;  she  calls  me 
"Thomas  E.",  and  sometimes  "Thomas 
E.  Watson".  I  am  15  years  old,  and 
am  in  the  eighth  grade.  I  go  to  school 
at  the  Banks  Stephens  Institute,  For- 
syth, Ga.  The  other  daj',  as  I  was  look- 
ing over  some  papers  which  father  had 
placed  awaj',  and  to  my  surprise  I  came 
across  your  photograph  in  the  Atlanta 
Weekly  Constitution;  its  date  was  July 
13,  1903.  I  was  very  proud  to  have  it, 
but  I  would  have  been  too  proud  to  have 
had  one  made  in  1909.  I  heard  you 
speak  here  in  Forsyth  last  November.  I 
had  the  pleasure  of  shaking  hands  wIl-i 
you,  but  as  the  people  were  in  such  a 
crowd  I  did  not  have  the  oportunity  to 
make  myself  known  to  you.  I  have  dark 
hair,  grey  eyes,  and  fair  complexion. 
Your  friend  and  namesake,  Little  Miss 
Thomas  th.  Watson  Thigpen,  Forsyth, 
Ga. 


FROM  BRITTANY,  LOUISIANA 

Here  comes  a  little  Louisiana  girl 
knocking  at  your  door.  Won't  you 
please  let  me  in?  I  wrote  to  another 
paper  four  times,  but  my  letters  were 
not  printed  at  all.  Now,  you  wouldn't 
treat  anyone  that  way,  would  you?  I 
would  send  you  my  picture,  but  I  am  so 
thin  that  I  know  you  wouldn't  want  it, 
imless  you  are  different  from  my  brother 
and  sister.  They  always  make  fun  of 
me,  and  call  me  a  pole.  Well,  I  guess 
that  is  enougn  about  that.  Beatrice 
Lackey,  my  name  is  Beatrice,  too.  Is 
Leila  Lackey  a  relative  of  yours?  Well, 
Daddy  Jim,  I  guess  you  are  tired  of 
reading  such  nonsense,  so  will  close, 
hoping  to  see  this  in  print. — Beatrtce 
Rice,  Brittany,  La. 


GLAD  TO  GET  THE  KNIFE 

Dear  Mr.  Watson: — I  will  write  you 
a  short  letter  to  let  you  know  that  I 
received  my  knife  all  0.  K.,  and  you 
can't  imagine  how  glad  I  was  to  get  it. 
i  think  the  photograph  of  you  is  really 
good.  I  am  going  to  work  to  see  if  I 
can't  get  you  some  more  subscribers, 
which  I  don't  think  will  be  hard  to  do. 
\''our  little  friend,  ToMMiE  Cooper,  Bos- 
ton, Ga. 


TWO  FLORIDA  BOYS 

Dear  Daddy  Jim: — I  go  to  school, 
and  study  nard  to  learn  my  lessons.  I 
like  history  most  of  all  my  studies.  I 
have  read  White's  Beginner's  History 
through  twice.  I  love  to  read  of  those 
great  men  who  made  our  country.  I 
have  grown  to  love  such  men  as  Thomas 
Jeflferson,  Samuel  Adams,  Jefferson  Da- 
vis, Robert  E.  Lee,  and  many  others  I 
read  abouc.  1  am  9  years  old.  Jennings 
and  I  send  our  picture. — Charles  L. 
Rehwinkel,  Rehwinkel,  Fla. 

I  am  a  little  boy  7  years  old.  My 
Papa    takes    both    your    .Jeffersonians, 


CHAS.  L.  AND  JENNINGS  A.  REHWINKLE 
Rehwinkle,  Florida. 

and  we  all  enjoy  reading  them.  When 
company  comes,  Papa  reads  them  what 
Mr.  Watson  has  to  say,  and  they  surely 
like  what  he  writes  on  Foreign  Missions. 
— Jennings  A.  Rehwinkel,  Rehwinkel, 
Fla. 


A  GEORGIA  JEFFERSONIAN 

Dear  Daddy  Jim: — I  reside  six  milea 
from  Crawfordville,  Ga.,  and  have  lived 
in  Walton  County  all  my  life  until  Jan- 


The  Junior  Jeffs 


731 


LOUIS    BURTON 
Crawfordville,  Ga. 

uary  15,  1909.  Mr.  Watson  has  many 
supporters  in  this  section.  I  received  my 
knife  all  O.  K.;  it's  a  beauty.  I  am 
sjiending  my  vacation  hoeing  cotton, 
bathing  and  tishing.     1  go  bathing  in  the 


I  (gecchte  Kivcr.  1  am  sending  you  my 
photograph;  am  15  years  of  age,  and  a 
whole-souled  Democrat  of  the  Jellerson- 
lan  tyjie.  —  Louis  Burton,  Crawford- 
vilh.  (la. 


'I'll 


Ik.V: 


OIR   IMCTIKKS 


s  montli  we  jireseiit  jticturcs  of 
from  three  dillerent  states,  and 
iiuy  arc  all  bright,  iiandsome  little  fel- 
lows. Why  don't  the  girls  .send  their 
pictures  along?  We  have  had  some 
charming  little  letters  from  girls,  and  we 
arc  sure  the  writers  are  just  as  charm- 
ing iis  their  letters.  One  young  lady 
spoke  about  the  freckles  on  her  nose,  as 
an  excuse  for  not  sending  her  picture. 
Why  can't  she  put  a  dab  of  powder  on 
it  V  Another  says  she  is  too  thin.  The 
noted  beauties  of  the  world  are  slender; 
lo  be  fat  is  to  be  out  of  the  fashion  to- 
day. We  don't  think  the  girls  are  treat- 
ing us  right  by  keeping  in  the  back- 
ground. Here  we  have  five  lonesome 
boys  in  this  number  of  the  Junior  Jefls. 
Won't  some  kind-hearted  young  lady, 
freckles  or  no  freckles,  com(f  to  the 
rescue  ? 


In  Sickness 

By  Stokely  S.  Fisher 

T\REAMING  of  you,  I  do  not  feel 
U  The  pain;  but  through  the  dim  room  steals 
The  scent  and  sound  of  summery  things; 
My  brow  is  cooled,  as  though  soft  wings 
Narcotic  calm  of  wafted  weal 
Shed  over  me.     It  seems  you  kneel 
Beside  me ;  and  I  know  the  real 
True  heart-warmth  of  the  hand  that  clings, — 
Dreaming  of  you  ! 


Such  visions  day  and  night  reveal: 
I  wonder  if  my  Soul's  appeal 

To  meyonr  answering  spirit  brings! 

I'm  soothed  by  tenderest  whisperings. 
Uplifting  ministries  that  heal, — 
Dreaming  of  you  ! 


Communications 


Now 

By  Jake  H.  Harrison 

rEERE  is  a  psychic  moment 
To  which  circumstances  bow, 
And  he  irho  sees  and  grasps  it, 
He  who  knoirs  the  vorfJi  of  now, 
Has  gods  to  do  his  bidding. 

Has  the  facts  at  his  command, 
Has  Fortune  as  his  hand-maid, 
And  groirs  famous  in  the  land. 

Though  he  11:01/  he  a  yokel, 

Knowing  nniight  of  learning's  worth, 
But  jusf  the  homelg  knowledge 

Of  the  tiller  of  the  earth, 
He  may,  like  Cincinnafus, 

Leave  the  handles  of  the  plow, 
To  guide  the  course  of  nations. 

If  he  Inows  the  worth  of  noiv. 

It  has  a  potent  meaning 

That  no  other  irords  express, 
A  force  of  execution, 

An  indelible  impress; 
Success  has  ever  ircrn  it. 

As  a  star  upon  her  brow. 
To  guide  her  on  to  fortune — 

Just  that  little  wordlet,  now. 

It  is  the  only  moment 

We  can  truly  call  our  own, 
The  future  is  uncertain. 

And  the  past  is  dead  and  gone — 
The  cabalistic  power 

Of  the  universe,  I  trow. 
Is  found  in  just  three  letters. 

And    thev    spell    THE    ONE    WORD. 
XOW! 


THE  POWER  BEHIND  THE  THRONE 
By  Jabran 

W|]    Altl".    prone   to   think    we   know 
soiiu'thiiiu.       We    come    into    the 
worhl  and  find  an  established  or- 
der of  tliinf,'s.  and  accept  it  all  as  true, 
simjjly  hoctviise  it  is  hoary  with  age,  and 
lias    tiad    the    endorsement    of 


divines,  prophets  and  seurs.  We  would 
not  kick  against  the  order  of  things  if 
we  could,  because  we  would  be  aubbed  a 
fool,  a  doubter  and  a  heretic.  So  we  ac- 
cept things  as  they  are,  and  pass  through 
life,  and  leave  all  mundane  affairs  about 
as  we  found  them.  The  struggle  for 
meat  and  bread  takes  up  our  time,  and 
we  have  but  little  opportunity  to  wan- 
der into  new  fields  of  thought  or  action. 
\\e  do  as  our  fathers  did,  accept  as  true 
the  ideas  and  doctrines  held  by  them,  and 
liowever  skeptical  we  may  be,  we  bury 
those  thoughts  in  the  deep  recesses  of 
our  souls  and  go  on  with  our  daily 
work.  We  don't  know  who,  or  in  what 
age  of  the  world,  set  up  for  us  a  fixed 
code  of  thougnt  and  ideas  on  things  po- 
litical and  religious  and  otherwise,  but 
we  submit  to  them  because  our  fathers 
did.  We  will  continue  to  submit  and 
take  our  medicine  according  to  the  old 
prescribed  forms. 

Oliver  Cromwell  cowed  and  conquered 
tiie  great  Ji,nglish  race,  and  made  himself 
Lord  Protector  amid  the  acclaims  of  all 
the  people,  and  wiiile  he  lived  received 
their  homage  and  respect.  When  he  died, 
tliose  same  people  dug  his  body  from  the 
grave  and  hustled  it  through  the  streets 
of  London.  Why  thej'  did  tlie  one  or  the 
other  they  could  give  no  sane  or  sensible 
reason.  In  both  instances  tliey  followe;l 
tlie  crowd.  That  is  what  we  do.  and 
what  we  will  continue  to  do. 

When  Roosevelt  suggested  Taft  as  his 
successor  the  people  said,  "He  is  the 
man."  -tney  had  not  seen  the  man.  or 
the  i)ower  behind  the  throne  who  was 
naming  tlie  ruler  of  eighty  millions  of 
people, — the  real  power  always  remains 
hidden.  When  it  does  show  itself,  it 
comes  forth  clotiied  in  jiurple,  with  the 
aalo  of  godline-ss  around  it,  the  power  of 
superstition  and  the  reverence  of  the 
iges.      In    tilings    ]>olitical    it    stalks    in 


.ji^: 


C'ommunications 


73H 


liiu'.i  jiliuv  -i  iiiul  banquets  with  kiiijjs  jiiul 
iiilcrs.  I  lu'  men  in  the  trenelies  or  tlie 
lulds  and  in  tlie  lowly  walks  of  life  are 
not  eon.snlted  ahont  the  policy  or  wis- 
tloni  of  contemplated  action,  because  the 
powers  that  be  know  that  class  will 
blindly  follow  where  directed.  They 
iiave  done  it  through  all  the  ages  anil 
will  continue  to  do  it — they  could  not 
break  the  spell  if  they  would. 

The  Hierarchy  understood  it.  When 
Taft  had  the  United  States  to  pay  over 
that  seven  millions  of  dollars  for  the 
Kriars'  lands,  that  we  had  already  bought 
and  ])aid  Spain  for.  an  open  or  uncon- 
scious coalition  was  formed  between 
lloosevelt  and  the  Pope  to  make  good 
with  iMr.  Taft. 

The  result  in  November  showed  where 
the  hearts  of  the  American  patriots 
were.  Wiien  New  York,  with  its  great 
(.'atholic  I'.opulation,  and  Chicago,  and 
the  Central  West,  with  its  large  Roman 
vote,  piled  high  the  majority  for  our 
good  and  great  President — the  reward 
had  been  j)aid.  Not  in  money,  but  by 
tne  suffrage  of  those  who  acknowledge 
and  yield  obedience  to  the  powers  that  be. 

Blind  obedience  and  allegiance  on  the 
part  of  the  ignorant  have  cursed  the 
world  in  the  ages  past.  The  peo])le  have 
fawned  before  kingcraft,  cowed  before 
priestcraft,  and  yielded  to  witchcraft, 
and  the  powers  behind  the  throne  will 
continue  their  rule  as  they  have  in  the 
past.  >.e  must  continue  to  pay  homage 
to  the  conquering  hero,  who  sits  upon  a 
throne  and  wields  his  .sceptre.  We  will 
continue  to  worship  at  the  shrine  of  the 
Holy  of  liolies.  We  will  still  believe  in 
superstition.  Probably  in  some  ni'W  era. 
seme  far  distant  time,  the  human  race 
may  come  into  its  own — with  every  man 
his  own  guide  and  ruler — but  that  de- 
voutly Doped  for  consvuiimation  is  in  the 
womb  of  the  future. 

ClllNKSl-:    "CONVKUTS"    AUK 
HYPOCRITES 

(Jkkkxfiki.i).  Ohio.  July  27,  1909. 

Dkak  .Mk.  \\.\t.sox:  —  1  enclose  clipping 
from  Cincinnati  Ijmjuircr  of  July  2U, 
190!). 

I  .sj-e  tiirough  your  magazine  and  pa- 
per that  a  lot  of  them  are  giving  it  to 
you  for  lotting  the  people  know  the  truth 
about  the  beloved  heathen.  You  have 
i<!V  heartiest  thanks. ' 


1  have  had  stviral  ministers  read  the 
articles,  and  thty  told  me  they  "hail 
never  looked  at  it  in  that  liglit".  I  have 
not  as  yei  had  anyone  to  denounce  or  se- 
verely criticise  them.  .\t  any  rate,  you 
are  doing  your  duty  ami  it  has  its  own 
reward. 

Yours  for  truth  and  Jellersonian  De- 
mocracy, J.    WeSLKY    IJlCKSON. 

The  following  is  the  clipping  sent: 

will.   i:i:  ••(■owianKi)"  o.m.y   whin   it   is 

TO     Ills     KI.NA.NCI.VL    G.\I.\ — .VCCKl'T 
O.NLY    EDUCATIO.N 

Sitrcial  Dispatch  to  The  Enquirer. 

CiiicAGO,  July  25. — "You  can't  convert 
a  Chinaman.  He  may  say  he  is  convert- 
ed when  it  is  to  his  linancial  advantage, 
but  really  he  is  not  converted.  One 
priest  who  iiad  been  in  Singapore  for 
vwenty  years  told  me  tliat  he  could  not 
conscientiously  say  that  he  had  ever  con- 
verted a  Chinaman." 

This  statement  was  made  ttulay  by 
-Mrs.  V.  F.  Smith,  of  Hong  Kong,  China, 
who  stopped  in  Chicago  on  her  way  to 
Lafayette,  Ind.,  to  visit  her  mother.  She 
is  the  wife  of  a  Hong  Kong  shipping 
merchant. 

Jlrs.  Smith  said  the  mi.ssionaries  are 
doing  good  work  in  an  educational  way, 
but  that  the  Chinaman  holds  his  religion 
as  good  as  any. 

THIS  KIN])  OF  ENCOURAGEMENT 
ENCOCRAGES 

DiCAR  Siu: — It  is  with  the  keenest  in- 
terest that  we  read  your  scathing  e.x- 
po.sures  of  corrujjtion  in  both  state  and 
church.  It  seems  as  though  the  people 
are  so  blinded  by  prejudice  that  they 
will  not  see  the  dangers  that  threaten, 
yea.  that  are  binding  us  and  our  children 
to  the  worst  form  of  slavery  that  the 
world  has  ever  known,  industrial  slavery, 
that  damnable  system  whereby  the  mas- 
ter is  enableil  to  use  the  slave  as  long  as 
he  is  u.seful  and  then  discards  him  for 
society  to  care  for  or  to  starve,  no  mat- 
ter to  him  which. 

When  we  look  back,  and  consider  the 
heroic  work  that  has  been  done  in  the 
past,  the  sacrilices  that  were  made  by 
that  old  set  of  reformers,  who  are  now 
mostly  gone  to  their  reward,  we  are  led 
to  wonder  if  the  people  will  ever  awaken 
to  their  true  condition,  or  if  we  will 
continue  until  we  follow  in  the  footsteps 
of  the  nations  of  the  past. 


'84 


Watson's  Jeffersonian   Magazire 


Enclosed  find  P.  O.  order  for  $7.00  to 
pay  for  the  enclosed  subscriptions. 
Yours  for  the  cause  of  reform. 

O.  K.  Seitz. 
Del  Rio,  Texas. 


AND  ANOTHER  OF  THE  SAME  KIND 

Deab  Sir: — Please  commence  my  sub- 
scription for  your  monthly  Jeffeeson- 
lAX,  beginning  with  the  July  number.  I 
liave  not  missed  a  copy  yet.  You  have  a 
few  supporters  here,  who  appreciate  the 
sacrifices  you  have  made  and  are  making 
to  enlighten  the  people.  Your  articles 
OH  the  Foreign  ]Mission  business  are  on 
the  right  line,  and  the  facts  ought  to  be 
broadcast,  so  that  the  people  who  are 
supporting  them  may  know  how  their 
money  is  used.  I  hope  to  be  able  to  soon 
own  all  your  published  work.  I  have 
read  "The  Life  and  Times  of  Jefferson", 
and  you  are  the  only  man  as  far  as  I 
have  read  who  has  the  moral  courage  to 
give  Thomas  Paine  his  true  place  in 
American  history.  I  admire  you  for 
that;  then  again,  you  are  one  of  the  few 
who  are  sounding  the  alarm  about  the 
Catholic  Hierarchy.  Maybe  the  people 
will  wake  up  before  it  is  too  late. 
Hoping  that  your  life  will  be  prolonged 


to   see   the   success    of    the    reforms   j-ou 
nave  advocated  so  long,  I  remain, 
Yours  sincerely, 

John  Mabston. 
IMerrillville,  Ga. 


TARIFF  TROUBLES 
P.  J.  Campbell. 

^^lyCE  the  Adriatic  Pirates 
^\        First  extracted  ten  per  cent. 
^^    For  prote<*tio7i  of  the  shipping, 

Folks  hare  wondered  ivhat  it  meant; 
But  the  magie  name  "Protection' 

Has  done  much  to  satisfy, 
And  the  people  have  been  ready 

At  the  polls  to  ratify 
Anything  that  sounded  generous, 

Or  colossal,  great  or  grand — 
And  they  have  not  always  questioned 

For  nhose  interest  it  would  stand. 

But  the  people  now  are  cautious, 

And  hare  notions  of  their  rights, 
And  the  Tariff  Troubles  only  are 

One  of  their  many  fights. 
Protecting  Infant  Industries, 

And  being  made  to  rue  it 
Has  made  the  people  rather  shy. 

For  fear  they'll  overdo  it. 
Protective  Tariffs  that  protect 

The  trusts  and  corporations. 
Are  more  expensive  for  ourselves. 

Than  to  the  other  nations. 


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r^BOOK  ^     REVIEWS^ 


"A  Southerner  in  Euroi'e",  by  Clarence 
H.  Poe,  JMutual  Publishing  Com- 
pany, llaleigh,  N.  C. 

It  was  time  for  a  new  book  of  "Trav- 
els in  Europe".  All  of  tlie  works  of  that 
kind  that  are  on  our  bookshelves  are 
out  of  (late.  What  we  wanted  was  a 
volume  wiiich  would  picture  to  us  the 
condition  of  things  now. 

Mr.  Poe  has  supplied  this  demand. 
Without  the  waste  of  a  page,  he  has 
furnished  a  view  of  the  European  world 
wiiicli  enables  one  to  see  the  English 
town  and  farm  of  today,  and  the  manner 
of  life,  the  diversity  of  work  and  the 
irend  of  things  as  tliey  are  at  this  very 
time. 

A  Madame  Le  \'ert  or  a  Mark  Twain, 
or  a  Reverend  Samuel  Iraeneus  Prime, 
touring  the  foreign  world,  sees  it  from 
different  points  of  view, — each  getting 
such  impressions  as  his  or  her  mental 
predilection  dictates.  "Josiali  Allen's 
Wife"  makes  the  same  trip,  and  beneath 
tne  tone  of  levity  and  the  language  of 
dialect  which  she  forced  herself,  unfor- 
tunately, to  adopt,  one  feels  the  throb 
of  a  great  big  heart  and  the  workings 
of  a  mind  that  has  pondered  upon  the 
tragedies  ot  our  existence. 

Mr.  Poe's  book  is  different  from  all 
these. — different  again  from  l.ee  Meri- 
wetiier's  descriptions  of  Euroi)ean  con- 
.litHuis.  vivid  and  enliglitining  as  they 
are.  In  a  series  of  letters,  our  North 
Carolina  friend  relates  how  he  went  and 
what  he  saw,  and  what  he  thought  al>out 
it.  Mr.  Poe  edits  The  I'rofjressirc 
Farmer,  a  first-class  agricultural  paper: 
lie  was  in  touch  with  the  great  Farmers' 
Alliance  movement:  he  lives  close  to  the 
wealtli-producers  of  the  Soiitliern  States: 


UK-  cry  of  luirest  which  ascends  forever 
and  ever  from  oppressed  humanity  in 
Liiis  country  falls  upon  no  unsympathetic 
ears  wlien  lieard  by  him :  hence  he  car- 
ried to  Kiirope  a  state  of  mind  peculiar- 
ly fitting  iiim  to  see  wiiat  the  average 
man  in  America  would  like  to  see,  and 
to  gather  those  impressions  which  make 
the  most  interesting  reading  for  such  a 
man. 

A  Soutliern  farmer  could  not  fail  to 
be  interested  in  Mr.  Poe's  comments 
upon  farming  in  England  and  Scotland, 
lie  could  not  but  be  surprised  at  the 
possibilities  of  one  acre  of  land.  He 
would  be  painfully  struck  by  a  sense  of 
contrast  between  our  methods  and  those 
of  Europe  when  he  learned  that  no  gul- 
lies, no  "galded"  places,  no  lean  cattle 
or  work  stock  are  to  be  seen  on  the 
farms  over  there.  He  will  not  be  sur- 
])rised,  perhajjs,  to  learn  that  his  cotton 
arrives  in  Liverpool  in  a  worse  condition 
than  that  of  the  bales  from  India  and 
Egypt. 

But  what  will  tlie  American  reader  of 
..ir.  Poe's  book  think  of  himself,  as  a 
sorcreifpi  rulinfj  himself  in  this  free  Re- 
public, when  he  learns  that  in  monarchi- 
cal England  one  can  step  into  the  post- 
oflice  and  .send  a  telegram  for  twelve 
cents,  and  that  R.  F.  I),  carriers  handle 
your  telegrams  as  well  as  your  letters? 
Mr.  Poe  copies  the  notice  which  is  stuck 
up  in  the  English  postofTice.     Here  it  is: 

"PostoflRce  for  Money  Orders,  Savings 
Bank,  Parcels  Post,  Telegrams.  Insur- 
ance, Annuity,  Internal  and  Revenue 
Stamps." 

Mr.  Poe  gives  the  rates  on  parcels 
sent  bv  mail.     Here  they  are: 


36 


Watson's   Jeffersonian  Magazine 


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Ten-pound  packages  go  for  20  cents, 
and  11  pounds,  for  22  cents. 

Don't  you  wish  that  you  had  a  post- 
office  system  like  that?  Why  haven't 
you  got  it?  The  Express  Companies  and 
Telegraph  Companies  don't  rule  you,  do 
they?      Why    don't    you,    your    Majesty, 


rise  up  and  give  yourself  what  you  would 
like  to  have? 

I  regret  that  we  have  not  sufficient 
space  to  go  more  tully  into  the  content* 
of  this  volume.  I  cannot  speak  too 
warmly  in  its  praise,  if  you  will  write 
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after  reading  it,  have  information  that 
you  wouldn't  part  with  for  any  moderate 
amount  of  money. 

The  price  is  $1.00. 


Melancholy 


By  Mary  Chapin  Smith 


r^AD,      darkened    ^pathicays,     faintly 
jj      traced, 

After  the  smi  of  joy  has  set, 
Thread  troubled  vistas,  interlaced 

With  tortuous  limbs  that  never  let 
The  light  of  hope  shine  through. 

Despoiled  of  foliage  that  once  graced 
Their  ravined  dying  boughs;  the  rue 
Of  bitterness  all  that  is  ever  seen, 
In  this  most  doleful  spot,  of  earth's 
rich  crown  of  green. 

Gray  shapes  of  sorroios  and  of  fears, 
Of  memories  and  of  burning  tears. 
Haunt  shadoioy  forests  dank  with  dew; 
Dim,      silent      forms      uncertainly      flit 

throug 
Between  the  saddened  cypresses  and  yew 
Planted  o'er  graves  of  visions  long  since 

fled; 
The  croak  of  the  night-raven  overhead 
And  crimson  drops  of  blood  below 
Expressed   from    the    heart's   juices,    tell 

the  icoe 
Of  those  icho  ever  this  lone  way  should 

go. 

Beyond  are  foul  miasms,  slimy,  creeping 

things. 
Harsh  flapping  of  great  wings 
From  shapeless,  songless  creatures  of  the 

air, 


Rank,  noxio^is  xceeds  of  hatred  and  de- 
spair; 
The  deadly  efflorescences  of  crime, 
The  poisonous  fungi  of  all  time; 
Deluding  marsh  lights  pale;  the  strange, 

icild  boom 
Of  some  lone  bird;  trhile  evermore 
A  sudden  deep  and  angry  roar. 
Or  fixea,  unwinking  glare  of  cruel  eyes 
With    following    look    from    out    the 
gloom, 
And  moans  and  sighs  and  echoing  cries 
Impel  the  icanderer  distraught  on  to 
his  tvaiting  doom. 

Down,  down  they  go,  sad  souls  icithout 
relief, 

Each  moving  on  alone  in  voiceless  grief. 

Alone    in    shadoio     of     their     woe,     too 
crushed  to  weep, 

Down  to  the  black  and  bottomless  pools 
of  the  still  deep. 

Its    sullen    surface    undisturbed    by    any 
breath, 

1  copied    by    formless,    moveless    life-in- 
death, 

Where  poignant  sorrow,  minished  happi- 
ness, 

Sioift,  fleeting  joy  and  all  calamities  ter- 
rene, in  the  last  stress 

Of  life  and  time,  obliterate  them- 
selves in  one  quick  leap 

Beneath  the  waters  of  oblivion  merciless.. 


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