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WATSON'S 

MAGAZINE 

Vol.  XXI :  No.  5.  SEPTEMBER,  1915.  Price,  Ten  Cents. 


THOS.  E.  WATSON,  EDITOR 


ARTICLES  BY  THE  EDITOR  IN 
THIS  NUMBER 


THE  OFFICIAL  RECORD  IN  THE  CASE  OF 
LEO  FRANK,  A  JEW  PERVERT 


THE  DARK   AGES,   THE   EXTINCTION   OF 
LEARNING 

THE  RENAISSANCE  AND  THE  BEGINNING  OF  MOD- 
ERN INTELLECTUAL  INDEPENDENCE 

(CONCLUSION) 


THE  JEFFERSONIAN  PUBLISHING  COMPANY 

THOMSON,  GEORGIA 


The  Story  of  France 


By  THOS.  E,   WJiTSOni 

TWO  yOLVMES—S3.50 
REVISED  EDITION 


CONTAINS: 


THE  ROMAN  CONQUEST:  The  Gauls,  the  Druids,  the 
Minstrels,  etc. 

THE  PRANKISH  CONQUEST:  Clovis,  the  Triumph  of 
Christianity,  Defeat  of  Saracens,  etc. 

CHARLEMAGNE  AND  HIS  TIMES. 

THE  DARK  AGES:  Feudalism,  Superstition,  Papal  Power 
and  Tyranny,  Religious  Persecutions. 

THE  INSTITUTION  OF  CHIVALRY. 

THE  CRUSADES. 

THE  HUNDRED  YEARS'  WAR. 

JOAN  OF  ARC  :  Her  pure  girlhood;  heroic  nfission;  saves 
France  ;  burnt  to  death  by  priests  of  Rome;  then  cano- 
nized as  a  saint. 

THE  ALBIGENSIAN  CRUSADE:  The  Massacre  of  St. 
Bartholomew. 

THE  OLD   REGIME:     What  it  was  in  Church  and  State. 

The  Rule  of  the  Harlots,  both  in  Church  and  State. 

Revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes.    The  Dragonnades. 
THE  REFORMATION. 
COMPLETE    HISTORY    OF    THE    FRENCH    REVOLUTION: 

Rise  of  Napoleon  Bonaparte,  and   reorganization    of 

both  Church  and  State. 


In  the  preparation  of  this  work,  the  author  exhausted  all 
the  known  sources  of  information,  and  no  work  on  the  subject 
has  superseded  his.    It  is  standard,  and  will  remain  so. 

Mr.  Watson  bought  out  his  publishers,  the  MacMillans, 
and  he  now  owns  plates,  copyright  and  all. 

THE  SOLE  PUBLISHERS  ARE: 

The  Jeffetsonian  Publishing  Co. 

July,  1914         Thomson,     -     Georgia 


Watson's  Magazine 


tncered  as  second-ciass  matter  January  4,   1911,  at  the  Post  Office  at  Thomson,  Georgia, 
Under  the  e/lct  of  March  3.   1879. 

ONE  DOLLAR  PER  YEAR  —  TEN  CENTS'PER  COPY 


Vol.  XXL  SEPTEMBER,  1915  No,  5 


CONTENTS 


FRONTISPIECE— Thos.  E.   Watson 


SPECIAL  e/IRTieLES  AND  EDITORIALS-Thos.  E.  Watson  : 

THE  DARK  AGES,  THE  EXTINCTION  OF  LEARNING    (Concluded) 239 


THE  OFFICIAL  RECORD  IN  THE  CASE  OF  LEO  FRANK, 

A   JEW  PERVERT 251 


Published  Monthly  by  THE  JEFFERSONIAN  PUBLISHING  COMPANY,  Thomson.  Ga. 


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Thos.  E.  Watson 

August,  1915 


Watson's  Magazine 


THOS.  E.  WATSON,  Editor 


TKe  Dark  Ages;   TTie  Extinction  of  Learning 

TRe  Renaissance  and  the  Beginning  of  Modern  Intellectual 

Independence 


rHE  Eenaissance,  the  Revival  of 
Learning,  is  itself  a  tremendous 
indictment  of  Popery,  Why 
should  there  have  been  in  Europe  such 
a  night  of  ignorance  and  superstition, 
that  the  old  Pagan  hooks  had  to  he 
called  upon  to  sound  the  trump  of 
Resurrection? 

Is  it  not  the  utmost  condemnation 
of  what  the  Roman  Catholic  hierarchy 
had  done  for  Europe,  that  the  literary 
genius  of  Paganism  had  to  be  invoked 
to  revive  learning  and  civilization? 

Blessed  be  the  Revival:  accursed  be 
they  who  made  such  a  re-birth  of 
Letters  necessary. 

Who  were  the  men,  and  what  was 
the  influence  which  had  put  out  the 
light  of  learning,  brought  on  the 
Dark  Ages,  and  made  the  Renaissance 
an  era  in  historj^? 

It  was  a  pope  that  had  the  vast 
imperial  libraries  of  Rome  hurned! 
The  name  of  this  foe  to  learning  was 
Gregory  the  Great.  It  was  he  who 
proclaimed  that  ins^Diring  and  char- 
acteristic papal  dogma,  '"'Ignorance  is 
the  mother  of  devotion  P'' 

In  the  destruction  of  the  Palatine 
collection  of  manuscripts,  disappeared 
forever  some  of  the  richest  treasures 
of  the  ancient  world. 

Among    those    lost    treasures    were 

not  only  the  missing  books  of  Livy, 

.over  which   scholars  so  much  mourn. 


but  also  the  20-volume  history  of  the 
Etrurian  people  which  the  Emperor 
Claudius  had  caused  the  Roman  sages 
to  carefully  compile. 

(See  Old  Etruria  and  Modem  Tus- 
cany, p.  10,  by  M.  L.  Cameron. 
Methuen  &  Co.,  London.  Publishers, 
1909.) 

The  Emperor  Justinian  was  the 
Catholic  bigot  who  shut  up  the  classic 
schools,  and  dispersed  the  teachers. 

How  can  the  modern  student  doubt 
the  causes  of  the  mental  decadence  of 
Europe,  when  he  learns  that  the 
Roman  priests  burnt  the  vast  accumu- 
lations of  books  at  Alexandria  and  at 
Rome,  and  that  they  influenced  the 
emperors  to  abolish  the  schools? 

What  can  the  human  race  do,  when 
the  religious  caste  gains  such  power 
over  the  governmental  machiner}'^,  that 
it  can  compel  the  destruction  of  liter- 
ature? 

How  can  the  multitude  learn,  when 
there  is  nobody  to  teach? 

If  the  Roman  Catholic  Church  calls 
Gregory  the  Great,  because  that  pre- 
late gains  such  control  over  the  State, 
as  to  forbid  school-teaching,  burn  the 
Emperor's  priceless  libraries,  and 
annihilate  culture,  why  should  the 
defenders  of  that  church  deny  the 
natural   consequences  ? 

If    men    can    become    educated    and 


240 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


enlightened,  without  books  and  with- 
out teachers,  tell  us  how/ 

The  pope  whom  the  Catholics  calk'd 
"Great,"  gloried  in  his  temporary 
obliteration  of  existing  literature,  and 
he  established  the  maxim  that,  '"ignor- 
ance is  the  mother  of  devotion." 

That  being  done,  the  Dark  Ages  fell 
upon  Europe,  and  mankind  groped  in 


Instead  of  Homer,  Sophocles,  Euri- 
pides, Virgil,  Horace,  and  Juvenal, 
the  little  band  of  Europeans  who 
could  read,  bent  their  dutiful  heads 
over  manuscripts  which  told  of  how 
the  Devil  appeared  here,  and  how 
the  Virgin  Mary  appeared  yonder, 
and  how  the  mo.st  holy  bones  of  some 
most     blessed     Martyr    had     wrought 


m 


''■M 


ANCIENT  LIBRARY  IN  ROMAN  CATHOLIC  ENGLAND.  SHOWING  BOOKS  CHAINED. 


.  ■      i  1 


midnight  gloom  for  a  thousand  years. 
Civilization  disappeared. 

Instead  of  the  histories  of  Livy, 
Tacitus,  Suetonius,  Thucidydes,  Hero- 
dotus, and  Xenophon,  those  Euro- 
peans who  could  read  at  all,  had  to 
swallow  such  gruel  as  the  ludicrous 
writings  of  (iregory  of  Tours. 

Instead  of  Plutarch,  Plato,  Seneca, 
Marcus,  Aurelius,  and  Epictetus,  few 
Christians  who  could  gain  access  to 
books  had  to  debauch  their  common 
sense  with  most  blessed,  most  miracu- 
lous, and  most  childish  "Lives  of  the 
Saints." 


marvels  for  them  that  truly  believed. 

In  Ha  Ham's  Middle  Ages,  in 
Buckle's  History  of  Civilization,  in 
Draper's  Intellectual  Progress  of 
Europe,  and  in  many  other  standard 
works,  you  may  find  samples  of  the 
mental  hog-wash  that  the  Roman 
Catholic  Church  doted  on,  during 
those  Dark  Ages  she  brought  upon 
the  world. 

In  many  of  the  books  on  subjects 
hitherto  neglected,  we  find  references 
to  the  contents  of  the  libraries  belong- 
ing to  kings,  colleges,  and  universi- 
ties. 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


241 


Information  of  this  sort  throws  a 
flood  of  Wght  on  the  mental  culture  of 
the  Dark  Ages. 

"Wlien  we  find  that  a  great  univer- 
sit}'  owns  almost  no  books  at  all,  ex- 
cepting Roman  Catholic  "devotionals," 
we  need  no  further  evidence  to  con- 
vince us  that  the  people  had  no  litera- 
ture whatever. 

"Old  English  Libraries,"  is  the  title 
of  a  volume  issued  in  1912  by  A.  C. 
McClurg,  Chicago:  the  author  is 
Ernest  A,  Savage. 

The  book  is  exceedingly  valuable 
because  of  what  it  reveals  concerning 
the  attitude  of  the  Church  toward 
Learning.  One  is  amazed  to  find 
that  metallic  chains  were  used  to 
fasten  each  Hymnal  and  Breviary, 
and  Selections  from  the  Bible  to  the 
walls;  and  we  cannot  understand  why 
it  was  necessary  to  chain  these  books 
from  the  seizure  of  the  reading 
monks,  until  we  read  the  following 
passage  from  St.  Jerome — 

"Books  are  clothed  with  precious 
stones,  whilst  Christ's  poor  die  at  the 
door." 

We  are  told  that  the  very  few 
copies  of  devotional  works  possessed 
by  the  Catholic  churches,  were  richly 
adorned  with  gold,  silver,  and  gems; 
one  of  these — The  Gospels  of  Lindau 
— bearing  nearly  500  gems  encrusted 
in  gold. 

Obviously,  they  had  to  chain  the 
book,  to  keep  some  larcenous  monk 
from  making  off  with  the  gems.  (See 
page  108,  Old  English  Libraries.) 

The  Exeter  Cathedral  Library  had 
amassed  a  hoard  of  sixty  devotional 
books. 

In  the  Corpus  Christi  College,  Cam- 
bridge, there  were,  in  1327,  a  collec- 
tion of  230  volumes,  the  harvest  of 
200  years  of  accumulation. 

In  the  Salisbury  Cathedral,  there 
were,  in  the  fifteenth  century,  nearly 
200  manuscripts,  mostly  devotional. 

In   St.   Paul's   Cathedral,   1245,   the 


inventory  of  the  library  showed  thir- 
ty-five volumes. 

Tlie  University  of  Oxford  had  the 
finest  literar}^  collection  in  England. 
Kings,  lords  ,and  bishops  made  dona- 
tions to  it,  until,  in  1440,  the  volumes 
numbered  about  400. 

The  next  best  collection  was  at 
Peterhouse,  where  they  gloated  over 
380  volumes — all  securely  chained,  to 
prevent  the  "religious"  from  stealing 
the  be-jeweled  covers. 

So  exceptional  was  it  for  a  mere 
clerk  (a  parish  priest)  to  own  a  book 
of  any  sort,  that  the  poet  Chaucer 
mentions,  as  a  distinguished  fact,  that 
the  fifth  husband  of  the  Wife  of  Bath, 
an  Oxford  priest,  "hadde  a  book." 

Apparently,  her  other  husbands  had 
never  possessed  so  rare  a  treasure. 

Yet  the  Papist  writers  of  1915  are 
endeavoring  to  convince  mankind  that 
there  was  never  such  a  period  as  the 
Dark  Ages,  and  that  literaiy  culture 
was  more  excellent  and  universal  in 
the  Middle  Ages  than  at  present — 
even  though  it  was  an  age  when  hogs, 
cattle,  and  outlaws  ran  loose,  while 
the  pitiful  little  array  of  books  was 
chained  to  the  walls  inside  the  cathe- 
drals,  and  the  universities! 

In  1910,  a  Boston  publishing  house 
brought  out  a  work  entitled,  "Royal 
Palaces  and  Parks  of  France." 

On  page  83,  we  are  told  that  King 
John  the  Good  of  France,  who  reigned 
in  the  middle  of  the  fourteenth  cen- 
tury, had  a  royal  library  consisting 
of  eleven  volumes,  four  of  these  books 
being  "devotional."  When  a  crowned 
head  of  such  a  progressive  nation  as 
the  French  possessed  only  seven  books 
of  any  value,  what  must  have  been 
the  utter  lack  of  literature  among  the 
common  people ! 

The  successor  of  John  the  Good, 
made  great  efl'orts  to  collect  a  library ; 
and,  after  all  his  exertions,  his  cata- 
logue, made  in  1373,  showed  only  910 
volumes,  considered  "an  immense 
number  for  those  times." 


242 


WATSON  'S  MAGAZINE. 


The  historians  say  that  the  Renais- 
sance Ix'gan  with  "the  lieretics,"  such 
as  Abehird.  and  the  Arabian,  Aver- 
roes,  and  his  great  patron,  Frederick 
II.,  "the  arch-heretic."  They  men- 
tion Roger  Bacon,  the  pioneer  in 
physical  science,  whom  the  Church 
iiuprisoned  for  fourten  years,  because 
of  his  independence  of  research. 
Petrarch,  they  call  the  "almost,  first 
collector  and  loving  studewt  of  Latin 
Utanuscripts,  the  Christian  who  adored 
the  pagan   thinkers." 

If  such  a  patrician,  poet  and  scholar 
as  Petrarch  was  under  the  necessity 
of  searching,  here  and  there,  in 
obscure  corners  and  cup-boards,  to 
■find  a  hidden  classic,  what  must  have 
been  the  ignorance  of  the  common 
plebians ! 

No  complete  copy  of  Virgil  could 
he  found  until  the  year  1469.  Greg- 
ory the  Great  had  burnt  every  Roman 
classic  he  could  lay  his  fanatical 
hands  on ! 

At  that  very  time,  the  splendid 
schools  of  the  Mohammedan  Caliphs 
were  malring  Bagdad  and  Alexandria 
seats  of  learning;  the  manuscripts 
that  had  escaped  Time  and  the 
fanatics  were  being  industriously  col- 
lected; and  scribes  were  kept  busy 
making  copies  for  general  use.  In 
Spain,  the  Moors  had  established  such 
magnificent  colleges  that  students 
from  all  over  Europe  eagerly  sought 
among  the  disciples  of  Mahomet,  the 
learning  which  was  a  forbidden,  im- 
possible thing  in  the  realm  of  the 
popes. 

(See  Sismondi's  History  Literature 
of  Southern  Europe,  Vol.  I.) 

Another  great  forerunner  of  the 
Revival  of  Learning,  was  the  French 
skeptic,  Montaigne,  who  lived  within 
the  Church — which  he  laughed  at — 
and  kissed  the  foot  of  the  pope,  whose 
monstrous  imposture  he  punctured 
with  his  pen. 

As  a  conventional  Catholic,  he 
resembled      Rabelais,     Abelard,     and 


Erasmus  in  doing  enormous  harm  to 
the  hierarchy  which  sought,  in  Ciirist's 
name,  to  rule  the  world  through  fear, 
Ignorance,   and  superstition. 

lie  rejected  all  pojiish  stories  of 
marvels  and  mirncles.  used  iiis  shrewd 
common  sense  in  the  study  of  all  ques- 
tions, was  a  devoted  student  of  the 
pagan  classics,  and  held  the  Roman 
Catholic  literature  in  deepest  con- 
tempt. 

The  supreme  work  of  the  Renais- 
sance (at  least  of  that  of  Italy),  is 
by  John  Addington  Symonds,  a 
shorter  version  of  which  was  prepared 
by  Alfred  Pearson,  in  1893. 

(Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  New  York, 
published  an  edition  of  it ;  and  this, 
I  am  using.) 

On  page  136,  is  the  statement: 

"We  are,  however,  justified  in  hail- 
ing Petrarch  as  the  Columbus  of  a 
neAv  spiritual  hemisphere,  the  discov- 
erer of  modern  culture.     .     .     . 

"From  him  the  inspiration  needed 
to  quicken  curiosity  and  stimulate 
zeal   for   knowledge  proceeded. 

"But  for  his  intervention  in  tiie 
fourteenth  century,  it  is  possible  that 
the  Revival  of  Learning,  and  all  that 
it  implies,  might  have  heen  delayed 
too  late.     (Italics  mine.) 

"The  vast  influence  he  immediately 
exercised"  (because  of  his  school  of 
disciples  in  Florence)  "while  Dante 
remained  comparatively 
inoperative,  proves  that  the  age  was 
specially  prepared  to  receive  his  in- 
spiration^'' 

Petrarch  died  in  1453.  It  was  in 
1478,  twenty-five  years  later,  that 
Pope  Sixtus  IV.  set  up  the  devilish 
Inquisition  in  Spain,  and  began  to 
burn  Jews,  Moors  and  Spaniards  who 
were  tainted  with  mental  indepen- 
dence. 

During  the  next  four  years,  two 
thousand  human  beings  were  burnt 
alive,  in  the  single  province  of  Cas- 
tile. Andalusia  became  a  shambles; 
m  some  places,  a  desert. 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


243 


In  1492,  Torqiiemada  appeared  be- 
fore Ferdinand  and  Isabella,  raised 
his  crucifix,  and  cried,  "Judas  sold 
Christ  for  thirty  pieces  of  silver;  sell 
ye  him  for  a  larger  sum,  and  account 
tor  the  same  to  God." 

It  was  enough.  In  those  days,  when 
a  pope,  or  a  priest,  declared  God's 
pleasure,  no  man  dared  say  that  the 
pope  knew  no  more  what  God's  pleas- 
ure was  than  any  one  else.  The 
priest's  will,  is  God's  will,  and  if  you 
oppose  a  priest,  vou  are  an  enemy  of 
God. 

That  is  literally  the  priest's  point 
of  view,  and  to  the  extent  that  he  can 
impress  it  upon  others,  he  usurps 
God''s  place  in  this  world,  and  the 
next. 

And  I  fear  that  all  organized  priest- 
hoods are  dreadfuly  alike,  in  that 
respect. 

As  fast  as  they  could  flee  the  mur- 
derous rage  of  the  Roman  Catholic 
priests  of  Spain,  800,000  Jews  got  out 
of  the  blighted  land,  leaving  houses 
and  chattels,  gold  and  silver,  glad  to 
escape  with  their  lives. 

It  was  this  lustful  and  savage  beast, 
Pope  Sixtus,  whose  name  is  yet  borne 
by  the  Sistine  chapel,  at  the  Vatican, 
where  other  popes,  no  better  at  heart, 
carry  on  their  pagan  rites. 

(Symonds'  Short  History  of  the 
Renaissance,  pages  67,  8  and  9.) 

It  was  on  June  1,  1501,  Alexander 
VI.,  the  father  of  Caesar  and  Lucretia 
Borgia,  the  pope  who  caused  Savo- 
narola to  be  burned,  the  pope  who 
murdered  many,  and  who  finally  pois- 
oned himself  in  his  effort  to  poison 
Cardinal  Corneto — it  was  just  a  few 
years  after  Columbus  landed  in  the 
Bahama  Islands,  that  Pope  Alexander 
VI.  endeavored  to  shackle  the  free 
thoughts  and  pens  of  scholars,  hy 
estahlishing  the  Index  of  prohibited 
hool's. 

By  this  Brief,  the  worst  pope  that 
had  reigned  at  Kome  since  the  days 
of  Pope  John,  the  Sodomist,  created 


a  censorship  of  the  press,  requiring 
that  a  papal  license  be  obtained  before 
any  book  should  be  issued. 

In  the  list  of  authors  condemned  by 
this  papal  Brief,  and  placed  on  the 
Index,  from  time  to  time,  appear  the 
names  of  Dante,  Arisoto,  Francis 
Bacon,  Boccaccio,  Bruno,  Bishop  Bur- 
nett (who  wrote  the  standard  His- 
tory of  the  Reformation  in  England), 
John  Calvin,  Chambers  (on  account 
of  his  Encyclopedia),  Bayle  (on  ac- 
count of  his  celebrated  Historical  Dic- 
tionary,) COPERNICUS  (on  account 
of  his  work  on  Astronomy,  which  is 
now  the  accepted  theory  of  all  the 
world),  John  Burchard  (on  account 
of  the  Diary  which  revealed  the 
shameful  private  life  in  the  Vatican), 
ERASMUS  (on  account  of  his  Praise 
of  Folly,  Familiar  Colloquies,  Insti- 
tution of  Christian  Marriages,  «S;c.,), 
MONTAIGNE  (on  account  of  his 
Essays),  MILTON,  on  account  of  his 
Paradise  Lost,  as  well  as  his  defense 
of  free  printing  popular  government. 

But  what  had  been,  for  a  thousand 
years,  the  attitude  and  the  policy  of 
the  Roman  Catholic  Church  toward 
classic  culture'^  What  had  been  her 
principle  and  her  practise,  in  regard 
to  the  very  masterpieces  of  ancient 
learning  and  genius  which  are  now 
the  text-books  in  all  academies,  and 
the  treasures  of  all  libraries? 

On  page  132  of  Symond's  History, 
we  read: 

"The  Church,  while  battling  with 
paganism,  recognized  her  deadliest  foe 
in  literature^ 

Therefore,  the  classic  literature  must 
be  destroyed.  And  so  thoroughly  was 
the  fatal  work  done  in  the  pope's 
kingdoms,  that  when  Poggio  acci- 
dentally discovered  a  hidden  copy  of 
Quintilian,  his  lucky  find  was  the  sen- 
sation of  the  day ! 

There  were  European  enthusiasts 
who  devoted  their  lives  to  the  diligent 
search  for  the  exceedingly  few  ancient 
manuscripts    that    had    been    hidden 


244 


WATSON'S  IMAGAZINE. 


awa}',  and  thus  saved  from  the  de- 
vouring fanaticism  of  Papal  Kome. 

When  Ciriaeo  di  Ancona  was  asked 
the  purpose  of  his  continual  wander- 
ing in  search  of  manuscripts,  he 
nobly  answered,  "/  go  to  awake  the 
deadr 

(See  Hudson's  Renaissance^  page 
38.) 

The  pagans  had  to  be  called  back  to 
life  in  order  that  learning  and  civ- 
ilization might  once  more  bless  man- 
kind. 

In  the  time  of  Petrarch  and  Boc- 
caccia,  there  was  no  grammar  and  no 
dictionary  in  existence,  throughout 
Italy:  and  the  student  had  to  depend 
on  oral  instruction.  (Hudson,  page 
41.) 

Not  only  did  Europe  have  to  rely 
upon  the  Mohammedans  and  the 
Greek  Catholics  for  teachers,  but  for 
books,  also;  and  without  these  Arab 
and  Greek  teachers,  it  is  impossible 
to  see  how  Koman  Catholic  Europe 
would  ever  have  emerged  from  dark- 
ness. 

After  the  pioneer  teachers  had 
kindled  enthusiasm  for  the  pagan 
classics,  the  great  Medici  family  im- 
ported literature  by  the  ship-load 
from  the  East,  and  even  the  popes 
became  purchasers  of  what  their  pre- 
decessors had  anathematized. 

Nicholas  V.  paid  500  ducats  for  a 
copy  of  Polybius,  1,000  florins  for 
Strabo,  and  is  said  to  have  collected 
5,000  of  the  old  pagan  works.  (Hud- 
son, p.  44.) 

Lorenzo  de  Medici  (the  Magnifi- 
cent) sent  the  Greek  scholar,  Lascaris, 
on  two  journeys  to  the  East,  in  quest 
of  the  precious  books  whose  European 
versions  and  copies  had  all  been  de- 
stroyed by  the  Roman  Catholic 
Church.  These  treasures  which  the 
Greek  Catholics  had  preserved,  were 
brought  to  Florence,  and  from  thence 
copies  travelled  over  Europe.  It  is 
curious  to  note,  that  Lascaris  obtained 
200  of  these  ancient  classics  from  the 


Greek  Catholic  monastery  at  Mount 
Athos,  on  the  Sinaitic  peninsula,  the 
same  monastery  which  was  in  posses- 
sion of  an  older  Bible  than  that  whicii 
was  kept  under  lock  and  key  at 
Rome.  (Hudson's  Renaissance^  page 
46.) 

Says  Hudson,  on  page  38,  "A  bar- 
rier of  ignorance  and  misunderstand- 
ing had  been  reared  hy  theology,, 
between  the  mind  of  the  mediaeval 
man  and  that  of  the  classic  ages." 

Why  not  confess  the  whole  truth, 
in  the  words  of  naked  candor:  the 
Roman  Catholic  prelates  realized  that 
they  could  not  impose  their  system,  on 
the  human  race,  UNLESS  CLASSIC 
LITERATURE  WAS  DE- 
STROYED! 

It  would  have  been  futile,  to  forbid 
men  to  think,  and  at  the  same  time 
permit  them  to  read  the  books  which 
supplied  them  with  ideas. 

The  absolute  fact  is,  that  the  almost 
complete  destruction  of  ancient  litera- 
ture was  a  necessary  part  of  the 
Roman  system  to  enslave  the  European 
w^orld. 

We  owe  our  emancipation,  and  our 
salvation,  to  the  Greek  Catholics,  to 
the  Arab  scholars,  to  the  dauntless 
skeptics,  and  to  such  martyrs  as 
Arnold  of  Brescia,  Jerome  of  Prague, 
John  Huss,  Tyndale  and  Wyclitie,  an< 
the  invincible  ex-monk,  Martin  Lu- 
ther. 

The  man  and  the  occasion  met, 
when  Martin  Luther  threw  off  the 
yoke  of  Rome,  appealed  to  the  Bible, 
and  defied  the  Powers  of  earth ! 

Since  then,  the  world  has  gone  for- 
ward, wherever  the  pope  has  been 
scorned  and  defied,  as  Luther  scorned 
and  defied  him. 

Learning  heard  a  Gabriel's  trump, 
and  came  forth  in  radiant  Resurrec- 
tion. 

Men  breathed  again,  and  the  un- 
shackled human  brain  started  the  loom 
of  Modernism,   from   which   has  been 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


245 


woven  such  a  wondrous  garment  for 
the  re-clothing  of  old  earth. 

For  more  than  ten  hundred  years, 
Europe  had  hardly  advanced  a  step. 
It  was  a  deadly  sin  to  inquire.  It 
was  heresy  to  advance. 

The  tortured  Galileo  found  it  so: 
Corpenicus  found  it  so:  Roger  Bacon 
found  it  so:  Wyclitfe  found  it  so: 
Bruno  found  it  so:  Abelard  found 
it  so. 

The  popes  ruled  by  direct  succession 
from  Jesus  Christ:  the  kings  ruled  by 
Divine  Eight,  as  ascertained  by  the 
popes:  the  people  were  nothing. 

It  was  theirs  to  obey,  to  toil  and 
moil,  to  be  thankfully  content  with 
the  condition  in  which  they  found 
themselves.  It  was  theirs  to  support 
Sir  Pope,  Sir  Priest,  Sir  King,  and 
Sir  Noble. 

The  dogma  that  sovereignty  is 
vested  in  the  people,  and  that  all  just 
government  is  based  on  the  consent  of 
the  governed,  was  a  damnable  heresy, 
a  deadly  sin. 

In  the  eyes  of  popes,  there  was  no 
legality,  or  permissibility  in  democra- 
cies and  republics.  Monarchies,  alone, 
were  lawful,  and  pleasing  in  the  sight 
of  the  Lora. 

For,  look  you !  did  not  the  pope 
appoint  the  cardinals,  and  did  not  the 
cardinals  appoint  the  pope? 

Yea,  verily.  The  laity  and  the 
lower  clergy  had  no  voice  in  the  mat- 
ter. From  generation  to  generation, 
popes  named  cardinals^  and  cardinals 
named  popes. 

A  closer  corporation  was  never 
known.  It  was  self-elective,  self-per- 
petuating, absolute  in  authority,  and 
beyond  the  reach  of  any  Recall. 

"What  the  popes  had  at  length  made 
of  the  Church,  they  wanted  the  State 
to  be. 

And  they  had  it  so  in  the  Dark 
Ages.  They  had  it  so,  even  in  the 
Middle  Ages.  They  had  it  so,  in 
some  countries,  a  dozen  years  ago. 

In   some   parts   of    South   America, 


and  of  Europe,  they  have  it  so,  right 
now.  (Peru,  Austria,  and — to  a  lesser 
degree — Spain.) 

To  forever  escape  the  paralyzing 
clutches  of  Idngs,  popes,  and  priest- 
hoods, our  forefathers  fled  to  the 
North  American  wilderness,  and 
founded  this  republic  upon  anti-papal 
principles. 

No  truthful  student  will  contradict 
this  statement,  without  contradicting 
our  Declaration  of  Independence,  our 
Constitution,  and  our  Bill  of  Rights. 
Unless  we  are  cravenly  false  to  the 
principles  of  our  ancestors,  and  totally 
unworthy  of  the  bloody  sacrifices  with 
which  they  wrested  our  civil  rights 
and  religious  liberties  from  popes  and 
kings,  the  stealthy  and  sinister  en- 
croachments of  the  Italian  hierarchy 
will  be  met  at  all  points,  by  Ameri- 
cans who  are  ready  to  fight  and  to 
die  for  our  inheritance,  as  our  fore- 
fathers were  to  win  it. 

So  far  as  the  religions  of  Christen- 
dom are  concerned,  popery  is  the  only 
system  which  has  reduced  the  layman 
to  a  cipher,  voiceless,  voteless,  and 
impotent.  He  luxuriates  in  one  priv- 
ilege only,  that  of  taking  orders  from 
the  priesthood,  and  paying  all  the  ex- 
penses. The  Roman  church  kindly 
allows  the  laj'man  to  dip  his  fingers 
into  the  holy  water,  and  into  his  own 
pockets.  The  priest  furnishes  the 
water,  and  the  layman  furnishes 
everything  else. 

Even  the  candles  have  no  virtues, 
until  the  priests  have  blessed  the 
beeswax.  When  the  laymen  buy  the 
tapers,  the  clerical  middleman  enjoys 
his  unctions  laugh  at  the  expense  of 
industrious  laborers  on  each  side  of 
him — the  busy  bee  that  made  the  wax, 
and  the  busy  biped  who  sweated  for 
the  coin  which  paid  for  the  candle. 

A  "religion"  which  closes  the  mouth 
and  mind  of  the  layman,  while  it 
exercises  unlimited  sovereignty  over 
his  pocketbook  and  his  filial  obedi- 
ence, is  most  assuredly  a  sort  of  Tro- 


246 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


jan  horse  entering  the  citadels  of 
modern  enlightenment. 

Nothing  is  more  puzzling  to  the 
average  non-Catholic  than  the  mental 
despotism  Avhich  a  low-class,  ignorant 
priest  can  establish  over  educated  and 
really  intellectual  laymen. 

We  cannot  grow  accustomed  to  the 
phenomena  of  this  utter  prostration 
of  Reason.  We  never  get  used  to  see- 
ing brave  citizens — manly,  intelligent, 
and  progressive  in  all  other  respects — 
quail  before  a  threatened  denial  of 
"absolution,"  cringe  before  a  hint  of 
excommunication,  and  fall  on  their 
knees  when  a  flat  little  cake  of  bread 
passes  by,  escorted  by  frock-wearing 
men  who  say  that  they  have  turned 
the  wafer  into  Jesus  Christ. 

In  every  realm  where  facts  can  be 
ascertained  by  research,  and  weighed 
with  an  intelligent  sense  of  propor- 
tion, the  human  mind  has  achieved 
marvellously;  but  in  those  mysterious 
regions,  where  nothing  can  be  laiown, 
nothing  seen,  nothing  proven,  we  sur- 
render as  tamely,  as  completely,  as 
pussillanimously,  as  the  negroes  of 
San  Domingo  capitulate  to  the  sav- 
age, unkempt,  utterly  ignorant  Papa- 
loi  and  Mamaloi  of  Vaudroux. 

It  is  the  most  astounding,  appall- 
ing, and  insoluble  phenomena  of  the 
twentieth  century.  That  the  poor 
black  man  should  fall  down  and  wor- 
ship a  god  of  his  own  making,  is  a 
wonder  m  itself:  that  brown  men  and 
yellow  men  should  do  it,  excites  our 
derision  and  abhorrence:  but  that  the 
Caucasian  should  do  it — the  Caucasian 
of  the  academy  and  of  the  exclusive 
circles  of  high  society,  as  well  as  the 
Caucasian  who  does  not  know  the 
alphabet — is  absolutely  the  most  be- 
wildering, stupifying  and  benumbing 
miracle  of  the  ages. 

In  Christendom,  you  will  find  shops 
where  idols  are  made  for  the  heathen; 
and  these  images  are  shipped  abroad 
m  the  ordinary  course  of  trade,  just 
as    though    they    were    hats,     shoes, 


cigars,  and  rum.  But  the  same  shops 
also  manufacture  Madonnas,  Saints, 
and  Crucifixes  for  the  Christians;  and 
these  images  are  sold  throughout  the 
lands  of  Roman  Catholicism,  to  be 
worshipped  with  exactly  the  same  out- 
ward manifestations  that  the  heathen 
display. 

The  Romanist  priest  is  quick  to 
explain  that  his  devotees  worship,  not 
the  idol,  but  the  idea  bodied  forth  by 
the  image.  The  heathen  priest  tells 
us  the  same  story. 

Whom  shall  we  believe? 

To  our  dispassionate  eyes,  there  is 
no  discernible  difference  between  the 
heathen  kneeling  before  his  man-made 
images,  and  the  Christians  prostrate 
before  man-made  Virgin  and  Saint. 

How  can  we  know  there  is  a  differ- 
ence? Particularly,  when  we  see  that 
the  Roman  Catholics  exercise  a 
decided  preference  for  some  idols  over 
others,  and  are  ready  to  murder  the 
scoffer  who  breaks,  or  defiles,  one  of 
those  gods  made  out  of  wood  and 
stone  ? 

In  the  years  when  our  forefathers 
were  slowly  drifting  into  the  Revolu- 
tionary War  or  1T76,  the  Roman  Cath- 
olics of  France  seized,  imprisoned, 
tortured,  and  beheaded  a  young 
Frenchman  who  failed  to  take  off  his 
hat,  as  the  priests  carried  the  bread 
and  the  idols  through  the  streets.  His 
name  was  Chevalier  De  la  Barre. 
Before  killing  him,  they  tore  out  his 
tongue  by  the  roots,  and  chopped  off' 
his  right  hand.  After  chopping  his 
head  from  his  shoulders,  they  burned 
his  body.  All  this  was  done  in  the 
presence  of  the  Bishop  La  Motte.  It 
was  July  1,  1766. 

The  clergy  of  non-Catholic  Chris- 
tian sects  do  not  claim  any  peculiar 
powers.  They  do  not  pretend  to  work 
miracles,  forgive  sins,  and  carry  the 
keys  of  an  imaginary  place  called  pur- 
gatory. They  do  not  claim  that  their 
ownership  of  the  disciple  should  ex- 
tend from  the  cradle  in  which  he  is 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


247 


born,  to  the  bed  in  which  he  lies  with 
his  wife,  and  to  the  cemetery  in  which 
his  bones  shall  decay.  They  do  not 
arrogate  to  themselves  the  right  to 
forbid  civil  marriage,  dictate  educa- 
tion, and  to  say  that  no  sinner  shall 
approach  his  bavior  excepting  througli 
the  priest — thus  making  a  mediator 
to  the  Mediator! 

Much  less  do  the  non-Catholic  clergy 
usurp  the  right  of  the  layman  in  the 
matter  of  reading  books,  shutting  him 
otf  from  the  inestimable  privilege  of 
seeking  the  Truth  in  his  own  way, 
with  his  own  intelligence. 

Pardon  me  for  illustrating  by  a 
recent  example  how  this  popish  policy 
cuts  the  Catholic  laj^man  otf  from  the 
historic  events  which  everybody  else 
knows.  I  quote  from  a  newspaper 
item  which  recently  went  the  rounds 
of  the  press: 

London. — A  curious  little  story  is  told 
about  King  Alfonso  of  Spain.  He  recently 
visited  Bayonne  and  inspected  the  local 
museum,  which  contained,  among  other 
treasures,  a  realistic  picture  of  the  death 
of  Henry  IV.  of  France. 

After  looking  intently  at  the  picture, 
King  Alfonso  suddenly  exclaimed: 

"But  Henry  is  not  dying  a  natural 
death!" 

"Of  course,"  remarked  one  of  his 
French  guides,  diplomatically,  "your  maj- 
esty remembers  that  Henry  was  assas- 
sinated." 

But  King  Alfonso  did  not  remember. 

"By  whom  was  he  killed,  then?"  he 
asked. 

"He  was  killed  by  a  monk  named 
Ravaillac,"  said  the  guide. 

Then  the  king  appeared  to  comprehend, 
for  he  exclaimed: 

"A  king  killed  by  a  monk!  Now  I 
understand  why  the  story  was  never  told 
me." 

If  a  king  could  be  kept  in  absolute 
ijrnorance  of  how  another  king,  in  the 
adjoining  Kingdom^,  came  to  his  death 
by  the  hand  of  a  fanatical  agent  of 
the  Romanist  priests,  how  can  you  be 
surprised  that  the  peasants  of  Spain, 
and    other    pope-ruled    countries,    are 


the  most  illiterate  and  superstitious 
people  on  earths 

Let  us  try  to  understand  clearly  and 
fully  what  it  is  that  the  Roman  Cath- 
olic priest  claims  for  himself.  Let  us 
bear  in  mind  that  every  priest  must 
necessarily  be  the  equal  of  every  other. 
If  one  of  them  possesses  supernatural 
power,  by  virtue  of  the  sacerdotal 
office,  all  the  others  possess  it.  If  one 
is  incapable  of  sin,  can  pardon  sin, 
and  compel  Christ  to  leave  Heaven 
and  come  down  upon  the  altar — to  be 
broken  and  eaten  by  the  laity — then 
the  others  are  of  the  same  supernat- 
ural character,  whether  they  be  Celt 
or  Saxon,  Jew  or  Gentile,  Latin  or 
Cossack,  black  or  white. 

The  proposition  is  stupendous,  but 
Romanist  logic  must  face  its  inevitable 
conclusions. 

What  are  the  supernatural  qualities 
of  a  popish  priest? 

Let  Romanist  priests  be  heard  to 
answer. 

Cardinal  Bernard  Vaughan,  of  Eng- 
land, said,  in  The  Foreign  Church 
Chronicle.,  March  1,  1898,  that  the 
priestly  power  enables  a  man  "by 
means  of  the  word  of  consecration,  to 
cause  the  Body  and  Blood  of  Christ 
to  become  present  under  the  appear- 
ance of  bread  and  wine,  and  to  offer 
them  up  sacrifically. 

He  (the  priest)  is  a  priest  solely 
because  he  has  the  office  and  power  of 
effecting  the  real  objective  Presence 
on  ail  altar  of  the  true  Blood  and 
Body  of  Jesus  Christ,  and  thereby 
offering  Him  up  in  sacrifice." 

The  French  priests  say,  in  Le 
Manrez  du  Prefre — 

"What  is  the  priest?  He  is  at  once 
God  and  man.'''' 

Addressing  the  priesthood,  it  says, 
"Your  creation,  your  daily  creation, 
IS  no  less  than  the  Word  Himself  made 
flesh. 

'T  do  not  flatter  you  with  pious 
hyperboles  when  I  call  you  gods. 

"You    are    creators,    as    Mary    was. 


248 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


when  she  co-operated  in  the  Incarna- 
tion. 

^^God  can  make  other  universes,  hut 
lie  cannot  make  under  the  sun  a 
greater  nation  than  your  sacrifice. 

"Jesus  dwells  under  your  lock  and 
key;  his  audiences  are  opened  and 
closed  by  you.  He  does  not  move 
without  your  permission:  He  does  not 
bless  without  your  concurrence.  He 
gives  only  by  your  hands,  and  this 
dependence  is  so  dear  to  Him  that, 
in  more  than  1,800  years,  He  has  not 
for  one  moment  escaped  jrom  the 
Church  to  return  to  His  Father'^s 
glory.^'' 

The  Bible  says  otherwise,  but 
wherever  the  Bible  conflicts  with  the 
pope,  it  is  a  bad  time  for  the  Bible. 

The  German  Cathoilc  priests  ex- 
press it,  this  way — 

"Go  to  make  confession  to  an  angel. 
or  to  the  Virgin  Mary.  Will  they 
absolve  j'ou?  No.  The  Virgin  can- 
not transform  the  Host  into  ne^ 
Divine  Son.  If  there  were  200  angei?^ 
liere,  they  could  not  absolve  you.  A 
priest,  poor  as  he  may  he,  can  do  xo. 
lie  can  say,  'Go  in  peace,  I  pardon 
you  !'' 

"Look  at  the  power  of  the  priest; 
the  word  of  a  priest  makes  a  God  of 
a  piece  of  bread.  That  is  more  than 
creating  the  world." 

What  do  you  think  must  happen  to 
society,  to  the  human  famih%  Avhen 
that  sort  of  horrible  blasphemy  be- 
comes the  accepted  creed,  and  ichen 
negro  priests  become  as  plentiful  in 
the  Southern  States  as  the  friars  and 
m,onks  became  in  Portugal,  Spain, 
Italy,  Poland,  Catholic  Ireland,  and 
the  Philippines? 

It  IS  frightful  to  contemplate  the 
possibilities  of  such  a  catastrophe. 

In  1904,  there  came  from  The  Union 
Press,  of  Phdadelphia,  a  book  whose 
name  is,  "Roads  from  Rome,  a  Series 
of  Personal  Narratives,"  compiled  by 
the   Cambridge  scholar,  Rev.   (^harles 


5.  Isaacson,    with    a    Preface    by    the 
Uishop  of  Durham. 

The  \()hime  contains  the  stories  of 
about  forty  Irishmen,  Englishmen, 
Italians,  Spaniards,  Frenchmen,  and 
Germans,  who  had  been  born  and 
reared  in  popery,  but  who  had  recently 
left  it.  No  venomous  American  priest 
has  dared  to  take  notice  of  this  dyn- 
amic book,  much  less  assail  the  char- 
acter of  the  men  and  the  women 
whose  reasons  are  therein  given  for 
abandoning  the  church  of  the  Italian 
coterie,  who  call  themselves  the  only 
true  church. 

Abbe  Vicar  Charbonnel,  a  French 
priest  under  the  Archbishop  of  Paris, 
wrote  to  his  superior,  October  14, 
1897,  a  letter  quoted  on  pages  225  and 

6,  of  "Roads  from  Rome" — 

"Your  eminence,  when  I  gave  my 
life  to  the  Church,  I  desired,  with  all 
the  ardent  sincerity  of  youth,  to  give 
my  whole  life  to  God. 

"Long  and  sad  experiences  have 
convinced  me,  that  to  serve  the  Church 
and  those  who  profess  to  rule  it,  is 
not  to  serve  God. 

"I  cannot  in  future,  without  bitter 
self-reproach,  keep  up  an  appearance 
of  union  with  an  ecclesiastical  organ- 
ization which  makes  religion  an  engine 
of  administration,  a  domineering 
power,  a  m^eans  of  intellectual  and 
social  oppression,  and  a  system,  of  in- 
tolerance, and  which  fails  to  recogniz'^ 
that  its  (religion's)  true  character 
consists  in  prayer,  the  lifting  up  of 
the  heart  of  God,  a  searching  into  the 
Divine  ideal,  and  the  exercise  of 
Christian  love  and  brotherly  kindness, 
but  which  has  adopted  a  miserable 
human  policy,  instead  of  the  ennobling 
faith  of  the  Gospel." 

With  this  declaration,  manfully 
made  to  the  Archbishop  of  Paris, 
Victor  Charbonnel  withdrew  from  the 
priesthood,  and  from  the  Roman  fold. 

What  will  be  the  etiect  upon  our 
civilization    and    social    status,    when 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


249 


negro  priests  have  hecoine  numerous^ 
blind  tools  of  this  ^^domineenng 
power^''  and  this  '"''system  of  intoler- 
ance^^'' whose  priests  are  not  allowed 
to  marry,  but  are  given  the  unresisted 
and  irresistible  freedom  of  using  the 
imprisoned  women  of  the  cloistered 
convent  ? 

Those  who  know  the  black  man,  as 
a  sensuUst,  must  feel  horrified  at  the 
\QTy  thought  of  what  popery  would 
mean  to  the  white  people,  if  the 
Romanist  propaganda  among  the 
blacks  continues  to  be  pushed. 

On  page  109  of  "Eoads  from  Rome," 
we  read : 

"That  the  priests  do  interfere  in 
family  aliairs,  1  most  positively  assert. 
I  know  from  my  own  experience  of 
husband  and  wife  being  set  at  vari- 
ance, of  improper  questions  put  i 
children  in  the  confessional,  and  I 
learnt  that,  if  a  husband  or  wife  be 
unfaithful,  although  the  priest  must 
be  told  in  the  confessional,  the  wife 
or  husband  need  not  be  acquainted 
with  the  sin,  so  that  the  priest  claims 
to  knoio  more  aoout  the  loife  than  the 
hushand  himself.'''' 

What  will  be  the  consequences  to 
our  social  and  religious  system,  when 
young  negro  men,  who  have  no  wives, 
sit  in  the  privacy  of  the  confessional 
and  listen  to  the  avowals  of  sexual 
weakness  made  bj^  passionate  young 
women  ? 

What  may  we  naturally  expect  to 
be  the  results,  when  lustful  black 
priests  inquire  of  women  about  the 
details  of  marital  intercourse  in  the 
nuptial  bed?  and  when  the  bachelor 
buck  of  a  negro,  because  he  is  a  priest, 
knows  more  about  the  wife  than  her 
husband  knows? 

When  such  an  embodiment  of  lust 
as  the  typical  African,  can  learn  at 
the  confessional  which  ones  among 
the  women  have  been  unfaithful  to 
their  husbands,  who  is  to  curb  him. 
when  he  lusts  after  those  frail  wives? 


It  is  awful  to  think  of  what  popery 
may  do  against  the  whites  of  the 
United  States,  in  their  furiously  sor- 
did ambition  to  "make  America  Cath- 
olic." In  some  States,  the  blacks  are 
in  the  majority.  Give  them  as  many 
priests  as  the  Portuguese  of  Lisbon 
had.  and  in  less  than  100  years  it 
would  take  an  expert  to  tell  a  Por- 
tugee  from  a  Niggergee. 

Don't  flatter  yourself  that  these 
black  priests  will  confine  their  func- 
tions to  black  people.  No,  indeed! 
Gods  are  Gods;  and  if  the  white 
frocks  are  divine,  the  black  frocks  are: 
and  the  natural  inclination  of  Sambo 
is  to  assert  his  "rights." 

Teach  him  that  he  is  a  God,  and 
he'll  act  the  part,  just  as  he  sees  the 
Avhite  God  do  it.  He  will  be  like  the 
colored  brother  at  a  Republican  con- 
vention :  his  voice  will  be  heard  to 
say,  with  raucous  vehemence — "I'm  a 
Catholic,  but  they  must  treat  me  right, 
or  I'll  raise  h — 11." 

All  of  us  Iniow  what  the  politicians 
did  for  the  country,  when  they  lifted 
Sambo  into  the  electorate,  and  put 
the  ballot  in  his  hand.  All  of  us 
know  what  tlie  Days  of  Reconstruc- 
tion were. 

But  infinitely  more  threatening  to 
Caucasian  civilization,  is  the  aggres- 
sive movement  of  the  Latin  church  to 
capture  the  black  hosts  of  this  Union. 

Wherever  popery  has  been  carried 
by  the  Italians,  Spaniards,  and  Portu- 
guese— into  contact  with  Negroes,  and 
Indians,  the  people  have  been  moa- 
grelized,  debased,  pillaged,  and  en- 
slaved. 

It  was  so  in  South  America,  in  Cen- 
tral America,  in  Mexico,  in  Cuba,  and 
in  Portugal. 

The  Latins  have  not  the  racial 
aversion  to  amalgamation  that  we 
Caucasians  have  always  had. 

Therefore,  the  Italian  secret  socie- 
ties which  rule  Roman  Catholicism 
with  a  rod  of  iron,  have  no  concep- 
tion of  the  abhorrence  with  which  we 


250 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


regard  the  social  equality  of  the 
blacks,  political  equality  with  them, 
and  intermarriage  with  them. 

In  the  eyes  of  the  Italian  cardinals 
who  domineer  over  the  Roman  Cath- 
olics of  the  whole  world,  the  negro  is 
as  good  as  you.  In  the  eyes  of  the 
negro^  he  is  as  good  as  you. 

Now,  when  these  black  men  are 
taught  by  white  priests  that  they  are 
your  equals;  and  that,  in  being  re- 
ceived into  the  priesthood,  they  are 
better  than  you,  what  are  to  be  the 
ultimate  consequences? 

I  do  not  address  this  vital  question 
to  non-Catholics  only:  I  most  earn- 
estly implore  the  Catholics  themselves 
to  consider  it. 

When  you  realize  that  everybody, 
in  the  Dark  Ages,  had  to  believe  as 
Rome  commanded,  or  he  burnt  alive, 
and  that  millions  of  the  pope's  slaves 
believe  in  the  same  stuff,  even  now, 
you  may  feel,  as  I  do,  the  profoundly 
depressing  tear  of  another  cycle  of 
Dark  Ages. 

This  Roman  Church  is  the  same  at 


heart  that  it  ever  was.  It  is  craftily 
growing  in  power,  and  is  gradually 
compelling  the  acceptance  of  the  Cath- 
olic censorship  of  news,  books,  plays, 
newspapers,  magazines,  and  every 
other  medium  of  publicity.  If  it  can 
(Hctate  what  the  people  may  read,  it 
will  in  time  mould  opinion,  destroy 
independent  and  dissenting  propa- 
ganda, crib  the  mind  within  the  rigid 
limits  of  a  priest-ruled  orthodoxy, 
close  all  schools  but  its  own,  burn  all 
books  but  its  own,  proclaim  again 
that,  '■'■  I gnorance  is  the  mother  of  de- 
votionf*  and  build  the  scati'old,  dig 
the  dungeon,  and  pile  the  faggot  for 
the  fearless  souls  that  will  not  bow 
to  Rome. 

What  has  been  done,  once,  can  be 
done,  again. 

When  Cardinal  Newman  could 
bring  himself  to  believe  that  marble 
images  wept,  you  cannot  wonder,  if 
the  illiterate  layman  believes  that  he 
eats  his  Redeemer,  at  the  same  time 
that  the  priest  drinks  Him. 
(concluded.) 


Speed 


Ralph  M.   Thomson 

Speed  is  a  Jack-o'-lantern  in  the  night — 

A  lambent  flame  whose  mission  is  to  guide 
Th  eventuresome,  by  its  uncertain  light. 

To  stagnant  fens,  where  lurking  dangers  hide. 
An  evanescent  but  a  beckoning  spark, 

It  leads  the  foolish  far  from  fragrant  lea, 
And,  in  a  trice,  when  all  about  is  dark. 

Leaves  them  to  sink  in  sloughs  of  vanity. 

Lured  by  the  wily  Ignis  Fatuus, 

To  grope  for  fame,  for  gold,  for  caste,  for  ease. 
For  every  tawdry  thing  the  frivolous 

of  earth,  deaf  to  Discretion's  pleas 
And  blind  to  safety,  hail,  and  with  each  breath. 

As  benedictions, — often  in  accord, 
It  is  the  way  of  men  to  challenge  Death, 

Then  charge  disaster  to  a  blameless  Lord! 


TKe   Official    Record    in    the   Case   of    Leo 
Frank,  a  Jew  Pervert. 


Copyriflhted.    All  Rights  Reserved. 


IN  New  York,  there  lived  a  fashion- 
able architect,  whose  work  com- 
manded high  prices.  He  was 
robust,  full  of  manly  vigor,  and  so 
erotic  that  he  neglected  a  liandsome 
and  refined  young  wife  to  run  after 
little  girls. 

As  reported  in  the  papers  of  Wil- 
liam R.  Hearst,  Joseph  Pulitzer,  and 
Adolph  Ochs,  the  libertine  architect 
had  three  luxurious  suites  of  rooms 
fitted  up  for  the  use  of  himself,  a  con- 
genial company  of  young  rakes,  and 
the  young  women  whom  they  lured 
into  these  elegant  dens  of  vice. 

Stanford  White's  principal  place, 
however,  was  in  the  tower-apartments 
of  Madison  Square  Garden.  Tn  this 
building,  his  preparations  for  sensual 
and  sexual  enjoyment  were  as  care- 
fully elaborated  and  as  expensi'.'cly 
perfected,  as  though  wine,  women  and 
song  were  the  chief  end  of  man's 
existence.  The  excavations  at  Pompeii 
have  revealed  no  Rose- door  voluptous- 
ness  more  Oriental  than  that  of  Stan- 
ford White.  Like  the  Roman  sensual- 
ist who  stimulated  his  amorous  pas- 
sions by  surroundings  that  promoted 
desire  and  prolonged  the  pleasure, 
White  was  artistic  in  his  vices;  and 
it  was  the  nude  girl,  of  perfect 
symmetry  and  beautiful  face,  that  he 
bore  into  his  seraglio,  where  rich  and 
splendid  appointments,  soft  lights, 
hidden  musical  instruments,  fragrant 
flowers,  and  choice  wines  intoxicated 
every  sense  to  the  highest  pitch  of 
epicurian  ecstasy. 

Into  this  golden  harem,  he  took  the 
young,  lovely  and  unmoral  Evelyn 
Nesbit:  and,  according  to  her  state- 
ment, she  was  brutally  used.  A 
shocking  fact  in  the  case  is,  that 
White  seems  to  have  given  money  to 


the  girl's  mother,  and  that  the  mother 
had,  in  effect,  surrendered  the  maid 
to  the  man — knowing  why  he  wanted 
hei'. 

Whatever  the  girl  felt  as  to  the 
manner  in  which  White  had  ac- 
complished his  purpose,  she  soon 
afterwards  returned  to  him,  and  their 
relations  continued  for  some  months. 
Then  Harry  Thaw  happened  to  see 
her,  fell  in  love  with  her,  and  desired 
so  ardently  to  possess  her,  that  he 
married  her. 

They  went  to  Europe,  and  during 
the  tour,  the  wife  told  the  young  hus- 
band her  terrible  story.  On  their 
return  to  New  York,  the  architect  had 
the  insane  folly  to  again  enter  into 
correspondence  with  Evelyn  —  this 
time  knowing  that  he  had  an  excitable 
young  man  to  encounter — a  husband 
who  might  be  supposed  to  have 
learned  his  wife's  secret.  All  the 
world  knows  how  Thaw  was  inflamed 
beyond  bounds,  by  seeing  White  sit- 
ting in  the  eating-room,  at  the  Gar- 
den; and  how  the  young  husband 
immediately  shot  the  satyr  who  had 
doped  and  rumed  his  wife. 

The  great  legal  battle  that  Thaw's 
devoted  mother  has  waged  in  her  boy's 
behalf,  is  a  part  of  the  history  of  the 
times.  For  nine  long  years,  that  fine 
old  woman  has  borne  her  cross,  and 
made  her  fight,  her  son  behind  the 
bars,  all  those  bitter  years. 

At  last,  after  nine  years  of  impris- 
onment, Harry  Thaw  is  a  free  man — 
for  the  court  which  tried  him  for 
murder,  pronounced  him  insane;  and 
the  jury  which  recently  tried  him  for 
insanity,  said  that  he  is  sane. 

At  least  one  of  these  verdicts  was 
correct,  and  hoth  may  have  been;  but 
the  jurors  in  the  last  trial  have  since 


252 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


declared  that  Thaw  ought  to  have 
killed  White,  anyway;  and  about 
three-fourths  of  the  red-blooded  men 
and  women  of  the  country  are  of  the 
samo  opinion. 

But  the  Jew-owned  papers,  and  the 
Jev,'-kired  papers,  and  the  Hearst 
papers  take  a  dilFerent  view.  They 
are  outraged.  Their  feelings  are 
deeply  hurt.  They  lament  the  fail- 
ure of  the  Law  to  hang  this  hot-tem- 
pered boy  who  shot  the  man  that  had 
virtually  bought  Evelyn  from  her 
monstrous  mother,  and  had  then 
drugged  and  forced  her.  In  their 
wrathful  eyes,  nine  years'  imprison- 
ment is  no  punishment  at  all.  They 
rail  at  the  influence  of  Money,  and 
deplore  the  disgrace  which  has  fallen 
upon  New  York — the  righteous  town 
where  Jacob  Schiff,  the  banker,  could 
give  a  forty-3'ear  sentence  to  an  hum- 
ble Jew,  for  entering  clandestinely  the 
dwelling  of  a  Jewish  millionaire;  the 
righteous  town  wherein  the  Roman 
priests  could  have  the  Mayor  assassi- 
nated without  provoking  hostile  com- 
ment from  the  Hearst  papers,  the 
Jew-owned  papers,  or  the  Jew-hired 
papers;  the  righteous  town  where  the 
priest,  Hans  Schmidt,  can  cut  his  con- 
cubine's throat,  dismember  her  body, 
fling  the  pieces  in  the  river,  and  still 
escape  punishment  I 

Let  us  regale  our  minds  by  reading 
what  the  Hearst  papers  say  about  the 
case  of  Harry  Thaw : 

It  is  quite  true  that  but  for  the  lavish 
outpouring  of  the  family  fortune,  Thaw 
might  have  been  electrocuted,  or  would 
still  be  confined  in  a  madhouse.  It  is 
equally  true  that  but  for  the  contributions 
of  other  rich  young  men,  whose  mone' 
cursed  them,  bis  fight  for  liberty  would 
not  have  been  so  prolonged  or  so  costly. 

Many  will  moralize  over  the  powej-  of 
money  as  manifested  in  the  escape  of 
Thaw  from  paying  tlie  extreme  penalty 
for  the  mur(^er  of  Stanford  White. 

Fewer  will  stop  to  think  of  the  malign 
power  of  money  that  pressed  this  rich 
young  man  along  the  primrose  path  that 
snded  in  the  murder  on  the  roof  garden, 


his  prolonged  imprisonment,  and  the 
ineradicable  disgrace  which  rests  upon  his 
name. 

As  it  is,  about  the  most  the  public  can 
say  of  him  Is  to  express  the  hope  that  the 
public  mind  shall  no  longr  be  assailed  by 
the  fulminations  of  spectacular  lawyers, 
the  imaginings  of  alienists,  and  the  bathos 
of  hired  pamphleteers.  The  world  is  weary 
of  Thaw. 

The  world  is  not  weary  of  Hearst, 
fortunately:  and  if  he  can  explain  his 
prolonged  hostility  to  Thaw,  and 
reconcile  it  with  his  determined  cham- 
pionship of  Frank,  the  world  will 
peruse  his  statement  with  interest. 

Let  us  now  read  what  another  New 
York  paper — Jew-owned  or  Jew-hired 
— published  about  the  two  cases, 
Frank's  and  Thaw's.  Concerning 
Thaw,  the  yew  Repuhlic  says: 

In  the  case  of  Harry  K.  Thaw,  it  looks 
as  if  the  State  of  New  York  had  thoroughly 
well  got  its  leg  pulled.  The  State  deserved 
it  richly,  for  it  asked  a  .iudge  and  a  jury  to 
decide  a  question  which  they  are  simply 
incapable  of  deciding.  Those  laj-men  could 
no  more  pass  on  Thaw's  sanity  than  upon 
the  condition  of  his  liver.  Thus  a  man 
may  be  highly  educated,  courteous,  genial 
in  every  relation  of  life,  and  still  bear 
within  him  a  murderous  disposition, 
which  breaks  out  only  on  special  occa- 
sions. The  voluble  juryman  who  has 
been  so  much  interviewed  came  pretty 
close  to  the  truth  when  he  said  that 
Thaw  would  never  kUl  except  when  a 
woman  was  involved. 

What  freed  Thaw  was  in  reality  a  com- 
bination of  prejudices.  He  behaved  well 
in  court.  The  State's  alienists  behaved 
badly  in  court.  Thaw  fought  a  long  fight, 
and  men  admire  persistence.  He  had  mur- 
dered Stanford  White,  a  man  who  hap- 
pened to  be  a  genius,  but  whose  genius  was 
forgotten  in  the  deep  moral  prejudice 
against  him.  The  brutal  fact  is  that  an 
American  jury  is  very  ready  to  flirt  with 
the  idea  that  there  are  un^^Titten  laws  to 
justify  the  killing  of  men  who  seduce  young 
girls. 

Concerning  the  Frank  case,  the 
same  New  York  paper  says: 

It  is  often  foolish  to  indict  a  whole  peo- 
Dle.     But  in  this  instance  the  guilt  of  the 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


253 


people  is  clear.  They  wrecked  the  only 
trial  Frank  has  had,  they  believed  every 
lie  about  him,  they  terrorized  their  pub- 
lic officials.  Tliey  Iiave  made  democracy 
liideous — they,  tlie  men  and  women  of  the 
State.  There  was  a  minority  that  knew 
better,  a  minority  that  did  not  wish  to 
make  the  courts  of  the  State  a  vile  spec- 
tacle to  the  whole  nation.  But  of  that 
minority  many  were  too  cowardly  to  speak 
out.  They  allowed  the  mob  to  stamp  its 
own  imprint  upon  the  public  character  of 
the  State.  The  Governor  who  acted,  and 
the  opinion  which  supported  him,  were 
not  enouf>l»  to  save  Georgia  from  its  degra- 
dation. 

A  people  which  cannot  preserve  its  legal 
fabric  from  violence  is  unfit  for  self-gov- 
ernment. It  belongs  in  the  category  of 
communities  like  Haiti,  co'^^munities 
which  have  to  be  supervised  and  protected 
by  more  civilized  powers.  Georgia  is  in 
that  humiliating  position  today.  If  the 
Frank  case  is  evic'^^nce  of  Georgia's  polit- 
ical development,  then  Georgia  deservs  to 
be  known  as  the  black  sheep  of  the  Amer- 
ican Union. 

It  is  a  disagreeable  discoverv  of  the 
New  Republic,  that  American  juries 
harbor  a  perverse  sympathy  for 
fathers  and  brothers  who  kill  the 
seducers  of  young  girls,  and  thus  rid 
the  earth  of  the  most  dangerous  vipers 
that  crawl.  The  New  Republic  says 
that  it  is  not  only  a  fact  that  juries  do 
sympathise  with  the  men  who  give 
shot-gun  protection  to  womanhood, 
but  that  this  fact  is  hrutal. 

When  the  human  race  ceases  to  be 
capable  of  brutality  of  that  sort,  civil- 
ization will  be  the  soup-kettle  of 
molly-coddles;  and  literature  will 
degenerate  into  a  milk-sop  effeminac}^ 
that  won't  be  worth  hell's  room. 

Coming  to  the  Frank  case,  The  New 
Republic  condemns,  not  only  the  jury 
and  the  judges,  but  the  whole  State 
in  which  the  horrible  crime  was  com- 
mitted. 'Tt  is  often  foolish  to  indict 
a  whole  people,"  says  this  magazine. 
Edmund  Burke  said  it  was  always 
foolish  to  do  so. 

The  State  of  Georgia,  as  a  whole, 
is  pronounced  guilty.  It  has  .'-^.ad  no 
evidence   aarainst   Frank:    it   has   been 


possessed  of  a  Devil  of  blind  hatred: 
it  has  relentlessly  persecuted:  it  has 
tried  to  lynch  an  innocent  man,  uader 
legal  forms.  Its  mobs  terrified  the 
witnesses;  terrified  the  jurors;  terri- 
fied the  trial  judge;  terrified  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Georgia  in  both  ot 
its  decisions,  the  last  of  which  was 
unanimous.  Finally,  the  (Georgia  mobs 
terrified  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
Ignited  States.  Avhich,  under  duress, 
decided  that  Frank's  lawyers — after 
having  had  all  the  time,  money,  and 
opportunity  needed — had  utterly  failed 
to  show  that  Georgia  had  not  given 
to  Leo  Frank  every  right  to  which  he 
was  entitled. 

What  do  such  editors  care  for  the 
calm  decision  of  the  highest  court  on 
earth?     Nothing. 

"The  guilt   of  the  people  is  clear." 
"They   have   made  democracy   hide- 
ous."   AVhere?    When?    And  how? 

AMien  justice  was  mocked  in  San 
Francisco,  some  years  ago,  and  Wil- 
liam T.  Sherman  (afterwards  the  great 
General)  led  the  "mob,"  did  the  riotous 
tumults  of  an  indignant  democracy 
make  it  hideous?  When  justice  was 
derided  and  defied  in  NeAv  Orleans, 
and  the  outraged  democracy  flamed 
into  a  vengeful  conflagration,  did  it 
become  hideous? 

\Mien  our  Revolutionary  Fathers 
lynched  Tories,  and  drove  traitors  into 
hasty  flight,  did  they  make  democracy 
hideous? 

"\Mien  the  Commons  of  old  England 
rose  in  bloody  riots  against  the  Lords 
of  Church  and  State,  during  the 
Epoch  of  Reform,  did  these  insurrec- 
tionary Englishmen,  battling  for 
human  rights,  make  democracy  hid- 
eous ? 

"Wlien  the  Athenians  of  old  furi- 
ously fell  upon  and  killed  the  Greek 
who  advised  that  Grecian  freedom  be 
surrendered  to  the  Persian  King,  did 
those  rioters  make  democracy  hideous? 
Away  with  milk-sops  and  molly- 
coddles!     Whenever   the   human    race 


254 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


degenerates  to  the  point  where  intense 
indignation  is  not  aroused  by  enormi- 
ties of  crime,  then  mankind  will  be 
ready  for  the  last  Fire:  and  the 
sooner  this  scroll  is  given  to  the 
Flames,  as  the  trump  of  doom  sounds 
the  requiem  of  a  dying  world,  the  less 
will  be  the  sum  total  of  human  de- 
pravity. 

In  Georgia,  there  was  never  a  mob 
collected  while  the  Frank  case  was 
on  trial;  never  a  scene  of  tumult, 
never  a  disorder  in  the  court  room. 
It  was  not  until  after  the  State 
had  patiently  waited  for  two  years, 
whilo  tho  unlimited  Money  back 
of  Frank  w^as  interposing  every 
obstacle  to  the  Law,  travelling  from 
court  to  court,  on  first  one  pretext 
and  then  another;  ottering  new  affida- 
vits which  soon  appeared,  confessedly, 
to  have  been  falsehoods,  paid  for  with 
money;  resorting  to  every  criminal 
method  to  corrupt  some  of  the  State's 
witnesses,  and  to  frighten  others  into 
changing  their  testimony:  it  was  not 
until  the  people  of  Georgia  had 
waited  so  long,  and  seen  Frank's  law- 
yers defeated  at  every  point,  by  the 
sheer  strength  of  the  State's  case 
against  a  most  abominable  criminal :  it 
was  not  until,  after  all  this,  when  one 
of  Leo  Frank^s  own  launjers  basely 
betrayed  the  State,  upset  all  the  courts, 
and  violated  our  highest  law;  it  was 
not  until  John  M.  Slaton,  the  partner 
of  Leo  Frank's  leading  lawyers,  cor- 
ruptly used  the  pardoning  power  to 
save  his  own  guilty  client — it  was  not 
until  then  that  the  people  broke  into 
a  tumult  of  righteous  wrath  against 
the  infamous  Governor  who  had  put 
upon   our   State    this   indelible    stain. 

And  because  our  indignation  took 
the  same  direction  as  that  of  our 
Fathers,  in  the  days  of  '76:  the  same 
direction  as  that  of  the  Frenchmen 
who  stormed  the  Bastille;  the  same  as 
that  of  the  Englishmen  who  sacked 
the  Bishop's  palace,  and  the  nobleman's 
castle;  the  same  as  that  of  the  Vien- 


nese who  rose  in  fury  against  the  Em- 
peror and  his  Metternich,  forcing  that 
crafty  and  coldly  ferocious  old  democ- 
racy-hater to  flee  for  his  life — because 
of  the  fact  that  we  Georgians  are  just 
human,  we  must  be  relegated  to  a  Sai> 
Domingo  basis,  and  treated  by  other 
States  as  though  we  were  woolly- 
headed  worshippers  of  Vaudoux  I 

HOW  ABOUT  BECKER  AND  NEW  YORK?- 

The  Becker  case  created  a  pro- 
found and  painful  impression  every- 
where, because  of  its  contrast  to  the 
case  of  Leo  Frank.  The  Hearst  pa- 
pers, the  Jew-owned,  and  Jew-hired 
papers,  have  found  this  contrast  em- 
barrassing to  them,  and  they  are 
endeavoring  to  "distinguish  the  cases." 

For  example,  the  New  Orleans- 
Daily  States  says: 

A  patient  perusal  of  all  the  mass  of  evi- 
dence, considered  in  the  light  of  the  clash- 
ing interests  of  those  involved,  directly 
and  indirectly,  in  the  Rosenthal  tragedy, 
has  left  us  unconvinced  that  the  law's 
reasonable  doubt  of  Becker's  guilt  was 
remoTed.  That  Becker  was  a  police  tyrant 
and  grafter,  was  amply  proved.  The  fact 
that  he  was  more  or  less  endangered  by 
Rosenthal's  promised  revelations  of  police 
corruption  furnished  a  motive  which  made 
it  easy  for  others  who  confessed  they  were 
in  the  murder  plot  to  fasten  the  crime  on 
him.  But  there  will  always  be  ^ound  for 
the  suspicion  that  the  Rose-Webber  crowd 
"frame<r'  Becker  to  insure  their  o>vn  im- 
munity. 

But  whereas  Frank  was  denied  the  safe- 
guards and  privileges  which  the  State 
pledges  any  person  accused  of  a  capital 
crime,  and  was  convicted  in  a  community 
rank  with  prejudice  and  mob  spirit,  on 
the  testimony  of  a  vicious  negro  criminal, 
Becker  was  robbed  of  no  technical  right 
the  law  guaranteed  him. 

Few  more  deliberate  and  cold-bloded 
murders  have  been  committed  in  New  York.. 
than  the  assassination  of  Rosenthal,  and 
public  sentiment  was  powe  fully  exercised 
against  Becker  in  the  face  of  clear  evi- 
dence that  he  was  a  grafter  with  a  motive 
for  sealing  Rosenthal's  lips.  But  it  would 
be  absurd  to  liken  the  atmosphere  in  New 
York  during  the  Becker  trial  to  that  in 
Atlanta  during  the  Frank  trial,  or  to  find 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


255 


:any  points  of  resemblance  between  the 
-orderly  conviction  of  Becker  and  the 
utterly  disorderly  trial  of  Prank. 

So!  Another  case  of  my  bull  and 
•your  ox.  Do  we  not  all  remember  that 
when  Bourke  Cockran  moved  for  a 
continuance  in  the  Becker  case,  and 
Judge  Samuel  Seabury  refused  it,  the 
great  lawyer  threw  up  his  briefj  and 
passionately  exclaimed,  '"''This  is  not  a 
ti'tal;  it  is  an  assassination?'''' 

Xo  lawyer  said  that  to  Judge  Roan, 
''trying  Frank;  and  there  never  was 
the  slightest  evidence  that  Frank's 
trial  was  "disorderly." 

The  Daily  States  asserts  that 
"Becker  was  robbecl  of  no  technical 
right  the  law  guaranteed  him." 

Dees  the  States  know  that  the  U. 
S.  Supreme  Court  used  those  very 
words  in  the  case  of  Frank — used 
'them  in  a  well-considered  decision. 
•which  is  the  amplest  vindication  of  the 
Georgia  courts? 

When  the  highest  court  in  the  world 
judiciaJly  affirms  that  the  State  which 
'tried  and  convicted  Frank  accorded 
him  every  right  guaranteed  to  him 
under  the  highest  law,  ought  not  the 
•decision  to  be  respected? 

Before  the  United  States  Supreme 
Court  vindicated  Georgia,  the  agencies 
working  for  Frank  expressed  the  most 
exultant  confidence  in  the  outcome  of 
the  appeal;  and  declared  that,  at  last, 
the  case  had  reached  a  tribunal  which 
would  not  be  influenced  by  "mob 
•frenzy,  psychic  intoxication,  jungle 
fury,"  and  the  rest  of  it. 

After  the  United  States  Supreme 
Court  patiently  heard  Frank's  law- 
yers, and  solemnly  assured  "mankind" 
that  the  State  of  Georgia  had  not  been 
-shown  to  have  denied  Frank  any  legal 
right,  was  "mankind"  satisfied?  By  no 
means.  "Mankind"  gasped  in  silence 
•a  few  days,  and  then  broke  out  into  a 
•more  furious  roar  than  ever,  just  as 
though  the  highest  of  courts  had  not 
•  decided  the  case  in  our  favor. 


It  must  have  cost  '"'' mankind''''  mil- 
lions of  dollars  to  lynch  the  Georgia 
courts.)  with  outside  mobs. 

Frank  "was  convicted  on  the  evi- 
dence of  a  vicious  negro  criminal." 
So  says  the  Daily  States,  saying  it,  not 
because  it  is  true,  but  because  all  the 
other  Frankites  say  it.  Without  the 
negro,  James  Marshall,  Becker  could 
not  have  been  convicted,  and  the  high- 
est New  York  court  so  held.  Whether 
James  Marshall  is  a  criminal,  I  do  not 
know;  but  the  official  record  in  the 
Frank  case  shows  that  Jim  Conley  was 
never  a  criminal  until  he  became  the 
accomplice  of  his  master,  Leo  Frank. 

May  I  ask  the  Daily  States  to  take 
my  word  for  it,  that  the  laiv  of  Geor- 
gia does  not  allow  any  man  to  he  con- 
victed on  the  testimony  of  an  accom- 
plice? 

The  so-called  vicious  negro  criminal 
was  confessedly  the  accomplice  of  Leo 
Frank;  and  therefore  the  laio  made 
it  necessary  for  Solicitor  Dorsey  to 
practically  make  out  the  whole  case 
against  Frank.,  without  relying  at  all 
upon  the  negro''s  evidence. 

When  that  miserable  little  Jew  jack- 
ass, Clarence  Shearn,  of  the  New  York 
Supreme  Court,  was  sent  by  his  owner, 
Mr.  Hearst,  to  review  the  record  in 
the  Frank  case ;  and  when  he  wrote  an 
opinion  in  which  he  stated  that  there 
was  no  evidence  against  Frank,  save 
that  of  the  accomplice,  he  virtually 
charged  our  Supreme  Court — as  well 
as  Judge  Roan — with  having  violated 
their  oaths  of  office. 

Little  Shearn  does  not  know  enough 
of  Georgia  law  to  be  aware  of  the  fact 
that  nobody  can  be  convicted  on  the 
evidence  of  an  accomplice;  and  that, 
under  our  Supreme  Court  decisions, 
such  evidence  is  almost  valueless.  The 
case  must  he  made  out  independently 
of  the  accomplice^  to  well-nigh  the 
same  extent  as  though  he  had  not  tes- 
tified. 

This  being  the  law  in  Georgia,  how 
can  editors  who  wish  to  tell  the  truth. 


256 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


continue  to  say  that  Frank  was  con- 
victed by  his  accomplice? 

Assuming  that  the  great  majority  of 
tlie  American  people  want  to  know  the 
truth,  and  want  the  law  enforced 
wherever  crime  is  proved,  I  invite 
everj'  fair-minded  reader  to  come  with 
me  as  I  go  into  the  olficial  record — a 
summary  of  the  sworn  testimony, 
agreed  on  by  the  lawyers  for  both 
sides,  and  sanctioned  by  the  trial 
judge. 

But  before  turning  to  the  dry  leaves 
of  the  Brief  of  Evidence,  let  me  ask 
you  to  look  upon  the  girl  herself,  as 
she  appeared  in  life  to  one  who  seems 
to  have  known  her  well.  Writing  to 
The  Christian  Standard,  in  protest 
against  an  editorial  in  the  Chri^tmn- 
Evangelist^  A.  M.  Beatty  says : 

Mary  Phagan  was  a  member  of  the 
Adrial  class  of  the  First  Christian  Bible 
School,  and  the  last  act  she  did  on  earth 
was  to  iron  with  her  own  hands  her  white 
dress  that  she  might  be  present  the  next 
day  and  help  in  winning  a  contest.  The 
Sunday  she  expected  to  be  at  Bible  School 
she  was  lying  on  a  slab  in  an  undertaker's 
in  the  same  block  as  the  First  Church  is 
located,  having  met  death  in  a  horrible 
manner. 

It  is  very  complete — that  little  pic- 
ture, drawn  in  two  sentences.  Mary 
Phagan,  not  quite  14  years  old,  iron- 
ing the  white  dress  she  meant  to  wear 
to  the  Bible  school,  next  day.  The 
First  Christian  Church  stands  near 
the  morgue,  and  as  she  day-dreamed 
of  the  morrow,  and  the  contest  in  her 
class,  she  saw  the  temple,  and  the 
wliite-dressed  girls  who  would  be  her 
companions:  she  did  not  see  the 
morgue. 

The  pity  of  it !  The  garment  which 
she  washed  and  ironed  became  her 
shroud,  after  she  had  been  to  the 
morgue,  instead  of  to  the  church ! 
Surely,  fate  has  seldom  been  more 
cruel  to  a  perfectly  innocent  child. 

Mrs.   J.   W.   Coleman   was  the   first 


witness  for  the  State.  She  testified: 
"I  am  Mary  Phagan's  mother.  I 
last  saw  her  alive,  on  April  26th,  1913. 
She  was  getting  ready  to  go  to  the 
pencil  factory  to  get  her  pay  envelope. 
About  11:30  she  ate  some  cabbage  and 
bread.  She  left  home  at  a  quarter  to 
twelve.  She  would  have  been  fourteen 
years  old  on  the  first  day  of  June. 
Was  fair  complected,  heavy  set,  very 
pretty,  and  was  extra  large  for  her 
age.  She  had  dimples  on  her  cheeks." 
(Witness  described  how  her  daugh- 
ter was  dressed,  and  identified  as 
Mary's,  the  articles  of  clothing  shown 
her — clothing  taken  from  the  corpse.) 
George  Epps,  a  white  boy,  was  the 
next  witness.  He  A-as  fourteen  years 
old,  and  was  neighbor  to  Mary's  fam- 
ily. He  rode  on  the  street  car  with 
MaiT  as  she  came  into  the  city.  She 
told  him  she  was  going  to  the  pencil 
factory  to  get  her  money,  and  would 
then  go  to  the  Elkin-Watson  place  to 
see  the  Veterans'  parade  at  2  o'clock. 
•"She  never  showed  up.  I  stayed 
around  there  until  4  o'clock,  and  then 
went  to  the  ball  game. 

"AVlien  I  left  her  at  the  corner  of 
Forsyth  and  Marietta  Streets  .  .  . 
slie  went  over  the  bridge  to  the  pencil 
factory,  about  two  blocks  down  For- 
syth Street." 

The  boy  put  the  time  of  his  separa- 
tion from  the  girl  at  12:07,  but  on 
cross-  examination,  he  said,  first,  that 
he  knew  it  by  Bryant  Keheley's  clock, 
and  then,  by  the  sun. 

(The  immateriality  of  the  variations 
in  time,  except  on  Leo  Frankh  own 
clock,  will  be  shown  directly.) 

The  next  witness  for  the  State  was 
Newt  Lee,  the  negro  night-watch  at 
the  factory.  He  had  been  working 
there  only  about  three  weeks.  Leo 
Frank  had  taken  him  over  the  build- 
ing, and  instructed  him  in  his  duties. 
On  every  day,  except  Saturdays,  he 
was  to  go  on  duty  at  6  o'clocck  p.  m. 
On  Saturdays,  at  5  o'clock. 
On  Friday,  the  2oth  of  April,  Frank 


WATSON'S  ]\IAGAZINE. 


257 


said  to  Newt,  "Tomorrow  is  holiday, 
and  I  want  you  to  come  back  at  4 
o'clock,  I  want  to  get  off  a  little  earlier 
than  usual." 

Newt  then  went  on  to  say  that  he 
got  to  the  factory  on  Saturday  about 
three  or  four  minutes  before  four. 
The  front  door  was  not  locked;  he  had 
never  found  it  locked  on  Saturday 
evenings.  But  there  are  double  doors 
half  way  up  the  steps,  which  he  had 
always  found  unlocked  before,  but 
which,  this  Saturday  evening,  he 
found  locked. 

He  took  his  keys  and  unlocked  this 
stair-way  door,  and  went  on  up-stairs 
to  the  second  floor,  where  Frank's 
office  was. 

Newt  announced  his  arrival,  as  he 
had  always  done,  by  calling  out,  "All 
right.  Mr.  Frank!" 

"And  he  come  bustling  out  of  his 
office,  .  .  .  and  says,  'Newt,  I  am 
sorry  I  had  you  come  so  soon:  you 
could  have  been  at  home  sleeping.  I 
tell  you  what  you  do:  you  go  out  in 
town  and  have  a  good  time.' " 

Newt  stated  that  always  before 
when  Frank  had  anything  to  say  to 
him,  he  would  say,  "Step  here  a  min- 
ute. Newt." 

This  time,  Frank  came  bustling 
toward  the  negro,  rubbing  his 
hands;  and  when  Newt  asked  to  be 
allowed  to  go  into  the  shipping  room 
to  get  some  sleep,  Frank  answered, 
"You  need  to  have  a  good  time.  You 
go  downtown,  stay  an  hour  and  a 
half,  and  come  back  your  usual  time 
at  6  o'clock.  Be  sure  to  come  back  at 
G  o'clock." 

Newt  did  as  he  was  told,  returned 
to  the  factory  at  two  minutes  before 
six,  and  found  the  stair  doors  un- 
locked. Frank  took  the  slip  out  of 
the  time-clock  and  put  in  a  new  one. 

"It  took  him  twice  as  long  this  time 
as  it  did  the  other  times  I  saw  him 
fix  it.  He  fumbled,  putting  it  in." 
After  the  slip  had  been  put  in,  Newt 


punched  his  time,  and  went  on  down 
stairs. 

Mr.  J.  M.  Gantt  came  to  the  front 
door  and  asked  Newt  for  permission 
to  go  up  stairs  after  an  old  pair  of 
shoes  he  had  left  there,  some  time 
before,  when  be  was  employed  at  the 
factory.  Newt  answered  that  he  was 
not  allowed  to  let  anyone  inside  after 
six  o'clock. 

"About  that  time  Mr.  Frank  came 
bustling  out  of  the  door,  and  ran  into 
Gantt  unexpected,  and  he  jumped 
back  frightened." 

Gantt  asked  Frank  if  he  had  any 
objection  to  his  going  up  stairs  after 
his  old  shoes. 

Frank  answered,  "I  don't  think  they 
are  up  there.  I  think  I  saw  a  boy 
sweep  some  up  in  the  trash  the  other 
day." 

Gantt  asked  what  sort  of  shoes  he 
saw  the  boy  sweep  out,  and  Frank 
said  they  were  "tans." 

Gantt  replied,  "Well,  I  had  a  pair 
of  black  ones,  too." 

"Frank  says,  'Well,  I  don't  know,' 
and  dropped  his  head  down,  just  so" 
— illustrating. 

"Then,  he  raised  his  head,  and  says, 
'Newt,  go  with  him  and  stay  with 
him,  and  help  him  find  them,"  And 
I  went  up  there  with  Mr.  Gantt,  and 
found  them  in  the  shipping  room, 
two  pair,  the  tans  and  the  black  ones, 
too." 

That  night,  after  seven  o'clock, 
Frank  telephoned  to  Newt,  and  asked, 
"How's  everything?" 

That  was  the  first  time  he  had  ever 
phoned  tlie  night  watch  on  a  Satur- 
day night.  He  did  not  ask  about 
Gantt. 

There  is  a  gas  jet  in  the  basement 
at  the  foot  of  the  ladder,  and  Frank 
had  told  Newt  to  keep  it  burning  all 
the  time. 

"I  left  it  Saturday  morning  burn- 
ing bright.  When  I  got  there,  on 
making  my  rounds  at  7  o'clock  p.  m. 


258 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


on  the  26th  of  April,  it  was  burning 
just  as  low  as  you  could  turn  it,  like 
a  light  ning  Inig.  AVhen  3  o'clock 
came"  (after  midniffht.  of  course,)  "I 
went  down  to  the  basement.  ...  I 
went  down  to  the  toilet,  and  when  I 
got  through  I  looked  at  the  dust  bin 
back  to  the  door"  (the  back  door 
opening  on  the  alley)  "to  see  how  the 
door  was.  and  it  being  dark,  I  picked 
up  my  lantern  and  went  there,  and  I 
saw  something  laying  there,  which  I 
thought  some  of  the  boys  had  put 
there  to  scare  me:  then  I  walked  a 
little  piece  towards  it,  and  I  saw 
what  it  was,  and  I  got  out  of  there. 

"I  got  up  the  ladder,  and  called  the 
police  station:  it  was  after  3  o'clock. 

"/  tried  to  get  Mr.  Frank,  and  was 
still  trying  when  the  (police)  officers 
came.  I  guess  I  was  trying  (to  get 
Frank  to  answer  the  telephone)  about 
eight  minutes. 

"I  saw  Mr.  Frank  Sunday  morn- 
ing (the  same  morning),  at  about  7 
or  8  o'clock.  He  was  coming  in  the 
office.  He  looked  down  on  the  floor, 
and  never  spoke  to  me.  He  dropped 
his  head  down,  right  this  way" — 
illustrating. 

"Boots  Rogers,  Chief  Lanford, 
Darley,  Frank  and  I  were  there  when 
they  opened  the  clock.  Mr.  Frank 
opened  the  clock,  and  saw  the  punches 
were  all  right.  I  punched  every  half 
hour  from  6  o'clock  p.  m.  to  3  o'clock 
a.  m. 

"On  Tuesday  night,  April  29th,  at 
about  10  o'clock,  I  had  a  conversation 
at  the  station  house  with  Mr.  Frank. 
They  handcuffed  me  to  a  chair. 

"They  went  and  got  Mr.  Frank  and 
brought  him  in,  and  he  sat  down  next 
to  the  door.  He  dropped  his  head 
and  looked  doAvn.  We  were  all  alone. 
I  said,  'Mr.  Frank,  it's  mighty  hard 
on  me  to  be  handculi'ed  here  for 
something  that  I  don't  know  anything 
about.' 

"He    said,    'What's    the    difference  ? 


They  have  got  me  locked  up,  and  a 
man  guarding  me.' 

"I  said,  'Mr.  Frank,  do  you  believe 
I  committed  this  crime?' 

"He  said,  'No,  Newt,  I  know  you 
didn't;  hut  I  believe  you  know  some- 
thing ahout  it.'' 

'T  said,  'Mr.  Frank,  I  don't  know 
a  thing  about  it,  more  tlian  finding 
the  body.' 

"He  said,  'We  are  not  talking  about 
that  now:  we  will  let  that  go.  //  you 
keep  that  up,  we  will  both  go  to  hell.'' 

"Then  the  officers  came  in.  When 
Mr.  Frank  came  out  of  his  office  that 
Saturday  (evening)  he  was  looking 
down,  and  rubbing  his  hands.  I  had 
never  seen  him  rub  his  hands  that 
way  before." 

Newt  stated,  on  cross-examination, 
that  he  would  not  have  gone  so  far 
back  in  the  basement,  and  would  not 
have  seen  the  body,  if  a  call  of  nature 
down  there  had  not  caused  him  to 
use  the  toilet  which  was  near  the 
corpse. 

"When  I  got  through,  I  picked  up 
my  lantern;  I  walked  a  few  steps 
that  way ;  I  seed  something  over  there, 
about  that  much  of  the  lady's  leg 
and  dress" — illustrating. 

"I  think  I  reported  to  the  police 
that  it  was  a  white  woman.  When  I 
first  got  there,  I  didn't  think  it  was 
a  white  woman,  because  her  face  was 
so  dirty,  and  her  hair  crinkled. 

"When  I  was  in  the  basement  (the 
morning  the  body  was  found),  one 
of  the  policemen  read  the  note  that 
they  found.  They  read  these  words. 
'The  tall,  black,  slim  negro  did  this, 
he  will  try  to  lay  it  on  the  nigh*  '  and 
when  they  got  to  the  word  'night,'  I 
said,  ''They  must  he  trying  to  put  it 
off  on  me.'' " 

(Note  that  the  negro  is  corrobor- 
ated on  this  point  by  Sergeant  Dobbs. 
the  next  witness;  and  bear  it  in  mind 
because  of  its  extreme  importance — as 
you  will  soon  see.) 

Sergeant  L.  S.  Dobbs  testified  that 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


259 


a  call  came  to  the  police  headquarters 
at  about  3 :25,  on  the  morning  of 
April  27th,  and  he  went  to  the  pen- 
cil factory,  descended  to  the  basement 
by  means  of  the  trap-door  and  ladder. 
The  negro  led  the  officers  back  to  the 
body,  about  150  feet. 

"The  girl  was  lying  on  her  face^  not 
directly  lying  on  her  stomach,  with 
the  left  side  up  just  a  little.  We 
couldn't  tell  hy  looking  at  her  whether 
she  was  while  or  black,  only  by  her 
golden  hair.  They  turned  her  over. 
and  her  face  was  full  of  dirt  and 
dust.  They  took  a  piece  of  paper 
and  rubbed  the  dirt  off  her  face,  and 
we  could  tell  then  that  it  was  a  white 
girl.  I  pulled  up  her  clothes,  and 
could  tell  by  the  skin  of  the  laiee  that 
it  was  a  white  girl.  Her  face  was 
punctured,  full  of  holes,  and  swollen 
and  hlack.  She  had  a  cut  on  the  left 
side  of  her  head,  as  if  she  had  been 
struck,  and  there  was  a  little  blood 
there.  The  cord  was  around  her  neck, 
sunk  into  the  flesh.  She  also  had  a 
piece  of  her  underclothing  around 
her  neck.  The  cord  was  still  tight 
around  her  neck.  The  tongue  was 
protruding  just  the  least  bit.  The 
cord  was  pulled  tight,  and  had  cut 
into  the  flesh,  and  tied  just  as  tight 
as  it  could  be.  The  underclothing 
around  the  neck  was  not  tight. 

"There  wasn't  much  blood  on  her 
head.  It  was  dry  on  the  outside.  I 
stuck  my  finger  under  the  hair,  and 
it  was  a  little  moist. 

"This  scratch  pad  was  lying  on  the 
ground,  close  to  the  body.  I  found 
the  notes  under  the  sawdust,  lying 
near  the  head.  The  pad  was  lying 
near  the  notes.  They  were  all  right 
close  together. 

'''Newt  Lee  told  us  it  was  a  white 
woman. 

"There  was  a  trash  pile  near  the 
boiler,  where  this  hat  was  found,  and 
paper  and  pencils  down  there,  too. 
The  hat  and  shoe  were  on  the  trash 


pile.  Everything  was  gone  off  it, 
ribbons  and  all. 

"/^  looked  like  she  had  been 
dragged  on  her  face  hy  her  feet.  I 
thought  the  places  on  her  face  had 
been  made  by  dragging.  That  was  a 
dirt  floor,  with  cinders  on  it,  scattered 
over  the  dirt. 

"The  place  where  I  thought  I  saw 
some  one  dragged  was  right  in  front 
of  the  elevator.,  directly  back.  The 
little  trail  where  I  thought  showed 
the  body  was  dragged,  went  straight 
071  down  (from  in  front  of  the  ele- 
vator) where  the  girl  was  found.  It 
was  a  continuous  trail. 

"The  body  was  cold  and  stiflF. 
Hands  folded  across  the  breast. 

"/  didn't  find  any  blood  on  the 
ground.,  or  on  the  saw  dust.,  around 
where  we  found  the  body. 

"The  sign  of  dragging  .  .  .  started 
east  of  the  ladder.  A  man  going 
down  the  ladder  to  the  rear  of  the 
basement,  would  not  go  in  front  of 
the  elevator  where  the  dragging  was. 

"A  man  couldnH  get  down  that  lad- 
der loith  another  person.  It  is  diffi- 
cult for  one  person  to  get  through 
that  scuttle  hole.  The  back  door  was 
shut:  staple  had  been  pulled." 

''''The  lock  was  locked  still.  It  was 
a  sliding  door,  with  a  bar  across  the 
door,  but  the  bar  had  been  taken 
down.  It  looked  like  the  staple  had 
been  recently  drawn. 

"I  was  reading  one  of  the  notes  to 
Lee,  with  the  following  words,  ''A  tall., 
black  negro  did  this;  he  will  try  to 
lay  it  on  the  nighty''  and  when  I  got 
to  the  word  'night,'  Lee  says,  ''That 
means  the  night  watchman!' 

"I  found  the  handkerchief  on  a 
sawdust  pile,  about  ten  feet  from  the 
body.    It  was  bloody,  just  as  it  is  now. 

"The  trap-door  leading  up  from  the 
basement  was  closed  when  we  got 
there." 

City  Officer  John  N.  Starnes  was 
the  State's  next  witness.  Ho  testified 
to  reaching  the  factory  between  5  and 


260 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


6  o'clock  that  Sunday  morning.  He 
called  up  Leo  Frank,  and  asked  him 
to  come,  right  away. 

"He  said  he  hadn't  had  any  break- 
fast. He  asked  where  the  night 
watchman  was.  I  told  him  it  was 
very  necessary  for  him  to  come,  and 
if  he  would  come,  T  would  send  an 
automobile  for  him. 

"/  didn't  tell  him  what  had  hap- 
pened^ and  he  didn't  ask  me. 

"When  Frank  arrived  at  the  fac- 
tory, a  few  minutes  later,  he  appeared 
to  be  nervous;  he  teas  in  a  trembling 
co7idition.     Leo  was  composed. 

"It  takes  not  over  three  minutes  to 
walk  from  Marietta  Street,  at  the 
corner  of  Forsyth,  across  the  viaduct, 
and  through  Forsyth  Street,  down  to 
tho  factory. 

"I  chipped  two  places  off  the  back 
door,  tchich  looked,  like  they  had 
blood]/  finger  prints.'''' 

(Let  me  here  remind  the  reader, 
that  Jim  Conle3\  a  State's  witness, 
could  have  been  required  by  Leo 
Frank's  lawyers  to  make  the  imprint 
of  his  fingers  while  he  was  on  the 
stand,  and  if  these  finger  marks  had 
resembled  those  made  on  the  back  door, 
Frank  woidd  have  gone  free,  and  the 
negro  would,  have  swung.  The  State, 
however,  could  not  ask  Leo  Frank  to 
make  his  finger-prints,  for  to  have 
done  so,  would  have  been  requiring 
him  to  furnish  evidence  against  him- 
self. 

My  information  is  that  Conley's 
lawyer,  W.  M.  Smith,  after  he  had 
agreed  with  the  Burns  Agency  to  help 
them  fix  the  crime  on  his  client,  went 
to  the  convict  camp,  where  Conley 
was  working  out  his  sentence,  a7id  got 
his  firiger-prints,  twice. 

Be  this  as  it  may,  Franl-^s  attorneys 
dared,  not  ask  the  negro  to  make  the 
prints,  when  they  had  him  on  the 
stand. 

You  can  draw  your  own  conclu- 
sions. 

Burns  and  Lehon  do  not  amount  to 


anything  much  as  detectives;  but  even 
these  amateurs  know  something  of 
the  Bertillon  system;  and  if  those 
finger-prints  on  the  back  door  had  not 
been  Leo  Frank^s,  Burns  and  Lehon 
would  most  certainly  have  proven 
that  much,  by  actual  demonstration^ 
and  thus  put  the  crime  on  Jim  Con- 
ley,  or  upon  some  other  person  than 
their  client,  Frank.) 

The  next  witness  was  W.  W.  Rog- 
ers. He  and  John  Black  went  after 
Frank,  following  Starnes'  telephone 
communication.  Mrs  Frank  opened 
the  door,  and  was  asked  if  Frank  was 
in.  He  came  forward,  partly  dressed, 
and  asked  if  anything  had  happened 
at  the  factory.  No  answer  being 
returned,  he  inquired,  "Did  the  night- 
watchman  call  up  and  report  any- 
thing to  you?" 

Mr.  Black  asked  him  to  finish  dress- 
ing, and  accompany  them  to  the  fac- 
tory, and  see  what  had  happened. 

"Frank  said  that  he  thought  he 
dreamt  in  the  morning,  about  3 
o'clock,  about  hearing  the  telephone 
ring." 

Witness  said  Frank  appeared  ex- 
tremely nervous,  and  called  for  a  cup 
(;f  coffee.  He  was  rubbing  his  hands. 
When  they  had  taken  seats  in  the 
automobile,  one  of  the  officers  asked 
him  if  he  knew  a  little  girl  named 
Mary  Phagan. 

Frank  answered,  "Does  she  work  at 
the  factory?" 

Rogers  said,  "I  think  she  does": 
and  Frank  added,  "I  cannot  tell 
whether  she  works  there  or  not,  until 
I  look  at  my  pay-roll  book.  I  know 
very  few  of  the  girls  that  work  there. 
I  pay  them  ofl',  but  I  very  seldom  go 
back  in  the  factory." 

The  witness  spoke  of  Frank's  con- 
duct at  the  morgue,  and  although  the 
purpose  of  taking  him  there  was  to 
have  him  view  the  corpse,  the  witness 
never  saw  Frank  look  at  it,  but  did 
see  him  step  away  into  a  side  room. 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


261 


From  tlie  luoigue,  the  party  went 
to  the  pencil  factory,  where  Frank 
opened  the  safe,  took  out  his  time- 
book,  consulted  it,  and  said:  "Yes, 
Mary  Phagan  worked  here.  She  was 
here  yesterday  to  get  her  pay." 

He  said :  "/  iciJl  tell  you  about  the 
exact  time  she  left  here.  My  stenog- 
rapher left  about  12  o'clock,  and  a 
few  minutes  after  she  left,  the  office 
boy  left,  and  Mary  came  in  and  got 
her  pay  and  lefty 

(Note,  later  on.  that  other  girls 
were  at  Frank's  office,  the  same  Sat- 
urday morning,  and  that  he  never- 
theless fixed  the  exact  time  of  the 
arrival  of  the  girl  he  did  not  know. 
And  he  fixed  it  right.) 

"He  then  wanted  to  see  where  the 
girl  was  found.  Mr.  Frank  went 
around  to  the  elevator,  where  there 
was  a  switch  box  on  the  wall,  and  put 
the  switch  in.  The  box  was  not 
locked.  As  to  what  Mr.  Frank  ^aid 
about  the  murder,  I  don't  know  that  I 
heard  him  express  himself,  except 
down  in  the  basement. 

The  officers  showed  him  where  the 
body  was  found,  and  he  made  the 
remark* that  it  was  too  bad,  or  some- 
thing like  that." 

(Frank  was  not  under  arrest  at  this 
time,  and  Newt  Lee  was.  Nothing,  as 
yet,  had  been  said  about  Conley.) 

On  cross-examination,  the  witness 
stated  that  "we  didn't  know  it  was  a 
white  girl  or  not  until  we  rubbed 
the  dirt  from  the  child's  face,  and 
pulled  down  her  stocking  a  little 
piece.  The  tongue  was  not  sticking 
out :  it  was  wedged  between  her  teeth. 
She  had  dirt  in  her  eye  and  mouth. 
The  cord  around  her  neck  was  drawn 
so  tight  it  was  sunk  m  her  flesh,  and 
the  piece  of  underskirt  was  loose  over 
her  hair. 

"'She  was  lying  on  her  face,  icifh 
her  hands  folded  up.  One  of  her  eyes 
was  blackened.  There  were  several 
littel  scratches  on   her  face.    A  bruise 


on  the  left  side  of  her  head,  some  dry 
blood  in  her  hair. 

"There  was  some  excrement  in  the 
elevator  shaft.  When  we  went  down 
on  the  elevator,  the  elevator  mashed 
it.     You  could  smell  it  all  around. 

"No  one  could  have  seen  the  body 
at  the  morgue  unless  he  was  some- 
where near  me.  I  was  inside,  and  Mr. 
Frank  never  came  into  that  little 
room,  where  the  corpse  lay.  When  the 
face  was  turned  toward  me,  Mr.  Frank 
stepped  out  of  my  vision  in  the  direc- 
tion of  Mr.  Gheesling's  (the  under- 
taker's)  sleeping  room." 

Miss  Grace  Hicks  testified  that  she 
worked  on  the  second  floor  at  the  fac- 
tory, Mary  Phagan's  machine  was 
riffht  next  to  the  dreesing  room,  and 
in  going  to  the  closet,  the  men  who 
worked  on  that  floor  passed  within 
two  or  three  feet  of  Mary.  Between 
the  closet  of  the  men  and  of  the 
women,  there  was  "just   a  partition." 

The  witness  had  identified  the  body 
at  the  morgue  early  Sunday  morn- 
ing, April  2Tth.  "I  Iniew  her  by  her 
hair.  She  was  fair-skinned,  had  light 
hair,  blue  eyes,  and  was  heavy  built, 
well  developed  for  her  age.  She 
weighed  about  115  pounds.  Magnolia 
Kennedy''s  hair  is  nearly  the  color  of 
Mary  Phagan''s\" 

John  R.  Black,  the  next  witness  for 
the  State,  testified  that  he  went  with 
Rogers  to  Frank's  house.  "Mrs.  Frank 
came  to  the  door:  she  had  on  a  bath- 
robe. I  stated  that  I  would  like  to 
see  Mr.  Frank,  and  about  that  time 
Mr.  Frank  stepped  out  from  behind 
a  curtain.  His  voice  was  hoarse  and 
trembling  and  nervous  and  excited. 
He  looked  to  me  like  he  was  pale. 
He  seemed  nervous  in  handling  his 
collar:  he  could  not  get  his  tie  tied, 
and  talked  very  rapid  in  asking 
what  had  happened.  He  kept  on  in- 
sisting for  a  cup  of  coffee. 

"When  we  got  into  the  automobile. 
Mr.  Frank  wanted  to  know  what  had 


262 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


happened  at  the  factory,  and  /  asked 
him  if  he  knew  Mary  Phagan,  and 
told  him  she  had  been  found  dead  in 
the  hasement.  Mr.  Frank  said  he  did. 
not  know  any  girl  hy  the  name  of 
Mary  P  hag  an,  that  he  knew  very  few 
of  the  emploj'ees. 

"In  the  iinaertaking  establishment, 
Mr.  Frank  looked  at  her:  he  gave  a 
casual  glance  at  her,  and  stepped 
aside:  I  couldn't  say  whether  he  saw 
the  face  of  the  girl  or  not.  There 
was  a  curtain  hanging  near  the  room, 
and  Mr.  Frank  stepped  behind  the 
curtain. 

"Mr.  Frank  stated,  as  we  left  the 
undertaker's,  that  he  didn't  know  the 
girl,  but  he  believed  he  had  paid  her 
off  on  Saturday.  Fie  thought  he  rec- 
ognized her  being  at  the  factory  Sat- 
urday by  the  dress  that  she  wore. 

At  the  factory,  Mr.  Frank  took  the 
slip  out  (of  the  time  clock),  looked 
over  it,  and  said  it  had  been  punched 
correctly.  (That  is,  the  slip  showed 
that  Newt  Lee  had  punched  every 
half-hour  during  the  night  before.) 

"On  Monday  and  Tuesday  follow- 
ing, jSfr.  Frank  stated  that  the  clock 
had  been  mispunched  three  times. 

"I  saw  Frank  take  it  out  of  the 
clock,  and  went  with  it  back  toicard 
his  office. 

"When  Mr.  Frank  was  down  at  the 
police  station,  on  Monday  morning 
(the  next  after  the  corpse  was  found). 
Mr.  Rosser  and  Mr.  Haas  were  there. 
Mr.  Haas  stated,  in  Frank's  presence, 
that  he  was  Franks  attorney.  This 
was  about  8,  or  8:30  Monday  morn- 
ing. Thafs  the  first  time  he  had 
counsel  with  him^.'''' 

(Observe  that  the  Jews  employed 
the  best  legal  talent,  before  the  Gen- 
tiles had  even  suspected  Frank''s  guilt. 

Why  did  his  rich  Jewish  connec- 
tions feel  so  sure  of  his  need  of  emi- 
nent lawyers,  that  they  employed 
Eosser,  evidently  on  Sunday,  since 
city  lawyers  do  not  open  their  offices 
before  8  o^clock.) 


"Mr.  Frank  was  nervous  Monday: 
after  his  release,  he  seemed  very 
jovial. 

"On  Tuesday  night,  Frank  said,  at 
the  station  house,  that  there  was  no- 
body at  the  factory  at  6  o'clock  but 
Newt  Lee,  and  that  Newt  Lee  ought 
to  know  more  about  it,  as  it  was  his 
duty  to  look  over  the  factory  every 
thirty  minutes." 

(Note  Frank's  deliberate  direction 
of  suspicion  to  the  "tall,  slim  night- 
watch,"  upon  whom  the  notes  place 
the  crime.  Frank  was  virtually  tell- 
ing the  police  the  same  thing  that  the 
notes  told,  viz.,  that  Newt  Lee  com- 
mitted the  crime.) 

"On  Tuesday  night,  Mr.  Scott  and 
myself  suggested  to  Mr.  Frank  to  talk 
to  Newt  Lee.  They  went  in  a  room, 
and  stayed  about  five  or  ten  minutes, 
alone.  I  couldn't  hear  enough  to 
swear  that  I  understood  what  was 
said. '  Mr.  Frank  said  that  Newt  stuck 
to  the  story  that  he  knew  notlilng 
about  it. 

"Mr.  Frank  stated  that  Mr.  Gantt 
Avas  there  on  Saturday  evening,  and 
that  he  told  Lee  to  let  him  get  the 
shoes,  but  to  watch  him,  as  he  knew 
the  surroundings  of  the  office. 

''''After  this  conversation  Gantt  was 
arrested.'''' 

(Observe  that  Frank's  allusion  to 
Gantt  could  have  had  no  other  pur- 
pose than  to  direct  suspicion  toward 
him;  and  that,  while  Frank  was  seek- 
ing to  involve  two  innocent  men,  he 
did  not  breathe  a  suspicion  of  Jim 
Conley,  whom  he  knew  to  have  been 
in  the  factory  when  Mary  Phagan 
came  for  her  pay.) 

After  the  visit  to  the  morgue,  the 
party  went  to  the  factory,  where 
Frank  got  the  book,  ran  his  finger 
down  until  he  came  to  the  name  of 
Mary  Phagan,  and  said:  "Yes,  this 
little  girl  worked  here,  and  I  paid  her 
$1.20  yesterday." 

"We  went  all  over  the  factory.     No- 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


263 


body  saw  that  blood  spot  that  morn- 
ing," 

Mr.  Haas,  as  Frank's  attorney,  had 
told  witness  to  go  out  to  Frank's 
house,  and  search  for  the  clothes  he 
had  worn  the  week  before,  and  the 
laundry,  too. 

Frank  went  with  them,  and  showed 
them  the  dirty  linen. 

"I  examined  Newt  Lee's  house.  I 
found  a  bloody  shirt  at  the  bottom  of 
a  clothes  barrel  there,  on  Tuesday 
morning,  about  9  o'clock." 

On  re-direct  examination,  the  wit- 
ness stated  that  Frank  said,  after 
looking  over  the  time  sheet,  and  see- 
ing that  it  had  not  been  punched  cor- 
rectly, that  it  would  have  given  Lee 
an  hour  to  have  gone  out  to  his 
house  and  hacky 

(Evidently,  Frank  knew  where  this 
negro  lived,  and  how  long  it  required 
for  him  to  go  home  that  Saturday 
night,  and  return  to  the  factory  where 
the  girl's  body  lay.  This  new  time- 
slip  gave  Newt  an  hour  unaccounted 
for;  and,  in  connection  with  the 
l3loody  shirt,  the  new  time-slip  began 
to  make  the  case  look  ugly  for  Newt, 
"the  tall,  slim  night-watch,"  whom 
the  writer  of  the  notes  accused.) 

J.  M.  Gantt  was  next  put  up  by 
the  State,  and  his  evidence,  in  sub- 
stance, was: 

That  he  had  been  shipping  clerk 
and  time-keeper  at  the  pencil  fac- 
tory, and  that  Frank  had  discharged 
him  on  April  7th,  for  an  alleged 
shortage  of  $2  in  the  pay-roll. 

He  had  known  Mary  Phagan  since 
she  was  a  little  girl,  and  that  Frank 
knew  her.,  too. 

One  Saturday  afternoon,  she  came 
in  the  office  to  have  her  time  cor- 
rected, by  Gantt,  and  after  Gantt  had 
gotten  through  with  her,  Mr.  Frank 
came  in  and  said:  ^''You  seem  to 
know  Mary  pretty  well.'''' 

After  Gantt  was  discharged,  he 
went  back  to  the  factory  on  two  occa- 
sions,   "il/r.  Frank  saiv  me  both  times. 


He  made  no  objections   to  my  going 
there."" 

One  girl  used  to  get  the  pay  en- 
velope for  another,  with  Frank's 
knowledge.  Gantt  swore'  he  knew 
nothing  of  how  the  $2  shortage  in  the 
pay  roll  occurred.  Frank  discharged 
him  because  Gantt  refused  to  make  it 
good. 

Gantt  described  how  Frank  had 
behaved  at  6  o'clock  Saturday  eve- 
ning when  he,  Gantt,  went  for  his 
shoes.  Standing  at  the  front  door, 
Gantt  saw  Frank  coming  down  the 
stairs,  and  when  Frank  saw  Gantt, 
"he  kind  of  stepped  back,  like  he  was 
going  to  go  back,  but  when  he  looked 
up  and  saw  I  was  looking  at  him,  he 
came  on  out,  and  I  said,  'Howdy,  Mr. 
Frank,'  and  he  sorter  jumped  again." 
Then  Gantt  asked  permission  to  go 
up  for  his  shoes,  and  Frank  hesitated, 
studied  a  little,  inquired  the  kind  of 
shoes,  was  told  they  were  tans,  and 
stated  that  he  thought  he  had  seen  a 
negro  sweep  them  out.  But  when 
Gantt  said  he  had  left  a  black  pair, 
also,  Frank  "studied"  a  little  bit,  and 
told  Newt  to  go  with  Gantt,  and  stay 
with  him  till  he  got  his  shoes.  Gantt 
went  up,  and  found  both  pair,  right 
where  he  had  left  them. 

"Mr..  Frank  looked  pale,  hung  his 
head,  and  kind  of  hesitated  and  stut- 
tered, like  he  didn't  like  me  in  there, 
somehow  or  other." 

(On  the  strength  of  what  Frank 
insinuated  against  Gantt,  he  was  ar- 
rested before  Frank  was,  and  not 
released  until  Thursday  night.) 

:Mrs.  J.  A.  ^^^lite,  sworn  for  the 
State,  said  that  she  went  to  the  fac- 
tory to  see  her  husband,  who  was  at 
work  there,  on  April  26th.  She  went 
at  11:30,  and  stayed  till  11:50,  when 
she  left.  She  returned  about  12:30, 
and  saw  Frank  standing  before  the 
safe,  in  his  outer  office.  "I  asked  him 
if  Mr.  White  had  gone  back  to  work; 
he  jumped,  like  I  surprised  him,  and 
turned  and  said,  'Yes.' " 


264 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


She  went  up  stairs  to  see  her  hus- 
band, and  while  she  was  np  there, 
about  1  o'clock.  Frank  came  up  and 
told  Mr.  White  that  if  she  wanted  to 
get  out  before  3  o'clock,  she  had  bet- 
ter come  doAvn.  as  lie  ws  going  to 
leave,  and  lock  the  door,  and  that  she 
had  better  he  ready  hy  the  time  he 
covld  get  his  coat  and  hat. 

Mrs.  White  testified  to  this  tre- 
mendously important  fact : 

"As  I  was  going  on  down  the  steps, 
/  saw  a  negro  sitting  on  a  box.,  close 
to  the  stairway  on  the  first   floor. 

"Mr.  Frank  did  not  have  his  coat  or 
hat  on  when  I  passed  out." 

On  cross-examination,  this  lady 
swore:  "I  saw  a  negro  sitting  be- 
tween the  stairway  and  the  door^ 
about  five  or  six  feet  fom  the  foot  of 
the  stairway." 

While  Mrs.  White  was  talking  to 
her  husband,  between  11 :30  and  11 :50. 
she  saw  Miss  Corinthia  Rail  and  Mrs. 
Emma  Freeman  there,  and  they  left 
before  she  did. 

(Mrs.  White  did  not  work  at  the 
factory,  and  did  not  know  Jim  Con- 
ley.  The  place  where  she  saw  a 
negro  sitting,  was  where  Jim  sat  when 
he  had  nothing  else  to  do.  Picture  to 
yourself  the  interior  of  the  factory,  as 
Mrs.  White  departs  at  about  1  o'clock 
that  fatal  Saturday. 

Two  carpenters  are  at  work  on  the 
fourth  floor,  tearing  out  a  partition 
and  putting  up  a  new  one.  and  they 
are  40  feet  bach  from  the  elevator. 

Frank  is  sitting  on  the  second  floor. 
near  the  head  of  the  stairs;  and  Jim 
Conley  is  seated  at  the  foot  of  the 
same  stairs,  on  the  floor  below,  not 
more  than  thirty  feet  from  his  white 
boss. 

The  lady  passes  on  out.  leaving 
these  two  men  practically  together. 
According  to  his  own  statemen  to  the 
police  officers,  Frank  has  already  had 
Mary  Phagan,  in  his  office.,  in  his 
possession,  between  the  first  departure 


of  Mrs.  White  at  11 :50  and  her  second 
coming  at  12:30! 

Frank's  own  admission  put  the  girl 
alone  with  him  in  his  private  office, 
shortly  after  the  noon  hour;  and  when 
Mrs.  White  returns  at  30  minutes 
after  the  noon  hour,  the  girl  is  no- 
where to  be  seen. 

AAHio  can  account  for  Mary  between 
these  times?  And  who  can  account 
for  Frank? 

Here  is  the  tragedy,  hemmed  within 
the  first  departure  and  the  second 
arrival  of  Mrs.  White — a  space  which 
could  not  be  filled  by  any  two  human 
beings,  excepting  Jim  Conley  and  Leo 
Frank. 

We  will  see,  later,  how  each  of  the 
two  filled  it.) 

Harry  Scott,  the  State's  next  wit- 
ness, was  Superintendent  of  the  local 
branch  of  the  Pinkerton  Detective 
Agency.  He  was  employed  by  Frank 
for  the  pencil  factory. 

In  Frank's  private  office,  Monday 
afternoon,  April  28th.  the  detective 
heard  Frank's  detailed  account  of  hia 
movements  the  Saturday  before.  Frank 
told  of  his  going  to  Montag's.  and  of 
the  coming  of  Mrs.  White. 

"He  then  stated  that  Mary  Phagan 
came  into  the  factory  at  12:10  p.  m., 
to  draw  her  pay;  that  she  had  been 
laid  otf  the  Monday  previous,  and  she 
was  paid  $1.20,  and  that  he  paid  her 
off  in  his  inside  office.,  where  he  was 
at  his  desk,  and  when  she  left  his 
office  and  went  into  the  outer  office 
she  had  reached  the  outer  office  door, 
leading  into  the  hall,  and  turned 
around  to  Mr.  Frank,  and  asked  if  the 
metal  had  come  yet.  Mr.  Frank  re- 
plied that  he  didn't  know,  and  that 
Mary  Phagan,  he  thought,  reached  the 
stairway,  and  he  heard  voices,  but  he 
couldn't  distinguish  whether  they 
were  men  or  girls  talldng." 

Later,  witness  stated  that  it  was 
before  !Mary  came  that  Frank  said  he 
heard  the  voices — before  12  o'clock. 


WATSON'S  I^IAGAZINE. 


265 


(Let  me  explain  that  Mary  worked 
on  P^rank's  floor,  some  distance  back 
of  his  office,  and  that  she  placed  metal 
tips  on  the  pencils.  The  supply  of 
this  metal  gave  out,  and  more  was 
ordered,  but  in  the  meantime  Mary 
was  unemployed.  Her  question,  "Has 
the  metal  come?"  was  therefore  equiv- 
alent to,  "AVill  there  be  work  tor  me 
next  Monday?" 

Note  particularly  that  in  his  private 
conference  with  his  own  detective,  he 
did  not  pretend  that  he  had  not 
knoicn  Mary  Phagan.  On  the  con- 
trary, see  what  Scott  says  further  on.) 

"He  (Frank)  also  stated,  during 
our  conversation,  that  Gantt  knew 
Mary  Phagan  very  well,  and  that  he 
was  familiar,  and  intimate  with  her. 
He  seemed  to  lay  special  stress  on  it. 
at  the  time.  He  said  that  Gantt  paid 
a  good  deal  of  attention  to  her." 

(The  morning  before,  he  did  not 
know  her,  and  had  to  consult  his  book ! 
Although  he  had  passed  within  three 
feet  of  her,  every  day  when  he  went  to 
the  toilet,  and  had  paid  her  off  every 
week,  for  about  a  year,  he  did  not 
know  any  girl  of  that  name!) 

Mr.  Herbert  J.  Haas  (later  the 
Chairman  of  the  Frank  Finance  Com- 
mittee) told  the  detective  to  report  to 
him.  first,  before  letting  the  public 
know  "what  evidence  we  had  gathered. 
We  told  him  we  would  withdraw 
from  the  case  before  ice  would  adopt 
any  practice  of  that  sort.'''' 

Scott  asked  Frank  to  use  his  influ- 
ence as  employer  with  Newt  Lee,  and 
to  try  to  get  him  to  tell  what  he  Imew, 
Frank  consented,  and  the  two  were 
put  in  a  private  room,  in  order  that 
Frank  might  get  something  out  of 
the  "tall,  slim  night-watch." 

"When  about  ten  minutes  was  up, 
Mr.  Black  and  I  entered  the  room, 
and  Lee  hadn't  finished  his  conversa- 
tion with  Frank,  and  was  saying: 
*Mr.  Frank,  it  is  awful  hard  for  me 
to  remain  handcuffed  to  this  chair. 
and  Frank   hung   his   head  the  entire 


time  the  negro  was  talking  to  him, 
and  finally,  in  about  thirty  seconds, 
he  said,  'Well,  they  have  got  me,  too.' 
After  that,  we  asked  Mr.  Frank  if  he 
had  gotten  anything  out  of  the  negro, 
and  he  said,  ''No,  Lee  still  sticks  to  his 
original  story.'' 

"Mr.  Frank  was  extremely  nervous 
at  that  time.  He  was  very  squirmy  in 
his  chair,  crossing  one  leg  after  the 
other,  and  didnH  know  where  to  put 
his  hands;  he  was  moving  them  up 
and  down  his  face,  and  he  hung  his 
head  a  great  deal  of  the  time  while 
the  negro  was  talking  to  him.  He 
hreathed  very  heavily,  and  took  deep 
sivalloirs,  and  hesitated  somewhat.  His 
eyes  were  about  the  same  as  they  are 
now. 

"That  interview  between  Lee  and 
Frank  took  place  shortly  after  mid- 
night, Wednesday,  April  30.  On  Mon- 
day afternoon,  Frank  said  to  me  that 
the  first  punch  on  Newt  Lee's  slip 
was  6:33  p.  m.,  and  his  last  punch 
was  3  a.  m.  Sunday.  He  didn't  say 
anything  at  that  time  about  there 
being  any  error  in  Lee''s  punches.  Mr. 
Black  and  I  took  Mr.  Frank  into  cus- 
tody about  11:30  a.  m..  Tuesday. 
April  29th. 

^''His  hands  were  quivering  very 
much,  he  was  very  pale.  On  Sunday, 
May  3,  I  went  to  Frank's  cell  at  the 
jail  with  Black,  and  /  asked  Mr. 
Frank  if,  from  the  time  he  arrived  at 
the  factory  from  Montag  Bros.\  up 
until  12:50  p.  m.,  the  time  he  went 
upstairs  to  the  fourth  floor,  was  he 
inside  of  his  office  the  entire  time,  and 
he  stated,  'Yes: 

•'Then  I  asked  him  if  he  was  inside 
his  office  every  minute  from  1%  o'' clock 
until  12:30,  and  he  said,  'Yes.'' 

"I  made  a  very  thorough  search  of 
the  area  around  the  elevator  and 
radiator,  and  back  in  there.  I  made 
a  surface  search;  I  found  nothing  at 
all.  I  found  no  ribbon  or  purse,  or 
pay  envelope,  or  bludgeon  or  stick.  I 
spent  a  great  deal  of  time  around  the 


266 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


trap  dooi\  and  I  remember  running 
the  light  around  the  doorway^  right 
close  to  the  elevator^  looking  for 
splotches  of  hlood^  hut  I  found  noth- 
ing.'''' 

(No  effort  was  made  to  impeach 
Harry  Scott,  and  the  whole  brunt  of 
Rosser's  cross-examination  was  to  com- 
pel the  witness  to  admit  that  Frank 
answered  the  girl's  question  about  the 
metal,  by  saying,  "iVc,"  instead  of,  "/ 
donH  hnowP 

If  Frank  answered,  "TVc*,"  her  in- 
quiry ended  right  there,  and  there  was 
nothing  for  the  girl  to  linger  for:  she 
would  go  on  down  stairs.  But  if  her 
question,  "Has  the  metal  come?"  was 
answered  by,  "I  don't  know,"  the  girl 
herself  would  want  to  learn^  for  cer- 
tain^ ichether  there  loould  he  any  need 
for  her  to  return  Monday  morning. 
As  the  next  day  was  Sunday,  there 
would  be  no  work  for  her  on  Monday, 
unless  the  metal  were  already  on  hand. 
because,  if  it  reached  Atlanta  Sunday, 
it  would  not  be  delivered  at  the  fac- 
tory until  some  time  after  the  work 
hours  began  on  Monday. 

Therefore,  when  Frank  told  his  own 
detective,  in  their  first  confidential 
talk,  that  he  gave  the  girl's  question 
a  reply  which  necessarily  left  her  in 
doubt,  he  stated  a  fact  that  leads  to 
the  reasonable,  if  not  inevitable  con- 
clusion, that  either  he  or  she  proposed 
that  one  or  the  other — or  both — go  to 
the  metal  room,  and  see! 

To  make  certain  whether  the  new 
metal  had  come,  she  would  go  to  the 
room  where  she  worked,  and  look.  If 
the  metal  had  come,  and  was  ready 
for  use  next  week,  it  was  there! 

Now,  when  you  examine  page  25  of 
the  official  Brief  of  Evidence,  and 
find  that  Eosser's  assault  on  the  wit- 
ness was  directed  chiefly  to  this  point, 
you  naturally  ask,  Why  did  it  make 
such  a  difference?  Why  did  Frank's 
lawyer  so  strenuously  endeavor  to 
make  it  appear  that  the  girl's  inquirj^ 


was    answered,    "No,"    instead    of,    "I' 
don't  know?" 

If  she  was  murdered  below,  on  the 
first  floor,  or  in  the  basement,  what 
did  it  matter^  whether  or  not  she 
went  to  the  metal  room^  on  the  second 
floor? 

If  Jim  Conley,  sitting  at  the  foot  of 
the  stairway,  assaulted  the  girl  as  she 
was  passing  out,  and  either  killed  her 
there,  or  threw  her  down  into  the 
basement,  where  he  afterwards  killed 
her,  what  difference  did  it  make,  if 
the  white  man,  at  the  head  of  the 
stairway.,  told  the  girl  he  didn't  know 
whether  the  metal  had  come? 

If  the  evidence  places  the  crime  on« 
any  other  floor  than  Frank's  own,  why 
battle  with  the  witness  as  to  what 
was  said  and  done  on  Frank's  floor? 

There  is  but  one  answer:  the  physi- 
cal indications  were  on  Frank's  floor, 
partly  in  the  metal  room,  and  partly 
in  the  next,  on  the  way  to  the  ele- 
vator. Rosser  umnted  to  keep  Frank 
and  Mary  arc  ay  from,  that  metal  roomy 
where  a  tress  of  her  hair  hung  on  the 
projecting  crank  of  a  bench-lathe,  and 
where  some  of  her  blood  had  stained 
the  floor. 

Rosser  dared  not  leave  unassailed 
the  answer  of  Frank  to  Mary,  which 
opened  the  way  naturally  for  a  visit 
to  the  metal  room,  at  the  back  end  of 
the  building,  where  he  could  close  the 
door,  and  have  her  securely  entrapped. 

Let  us  now  take  the  next  witness, 
Monteen  Stover — a  girl  of  about  the 
same  age  as  Mary — and  who  also 
worked  at  the  facto^5^  She.  too.  came 
for  her  wages  on  Memorial  Day,  April 
2Gth.    She  testified : 

"I  was  at  the  factory  at  5  minutes 
after  12  o'clock  that  day.  I  stayed 
there  5  minutes  and  left  at  10  minutes 
after  12.  I  went  there  to  get  my 
money. 

"I  went  in  Mr.  Frank's  office:  he- 
was  not  there.  I  didn't  see  or  hear 
anj'bod}''  in  the  building. 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


267 


^'The  door  to  the  metal  room  ivas 
olosed. 

''I  looked  at  the  clock  on  my  way 
up. 

"/  icent  through  the  first  office  into 
the  second  office.''^ 

Pray  note  that  the  crucial  minutes 
in  this  terrible  case  are  fixed  by 
Frank'' s  own  clock.  The  witnesses  are 
in  full  view  of  it,  as  they  go  up  and 
■down  the  stairs.  Newt  Lee,  Mrs.  J. 
A.  White,  Miss  Monteen  Stover,  and 
all  the  others  who  testify  as  to  what 
happens  in  the  factory,  that  Satur- 
day, go  by  this  clock.  Presumably. 
Frank  himself  does  so,  in  telling  his 
detective  about  his  movements  that 
morning. 

The  gubernatorial  Benedict  Arnold 
who  betrayed  his  people  and  became 
the  national  hero  of  rich  Jews,  de- 
clared to  the  world  that  Leo  Frank 
must  haA'e  been  in  his  inner  office 
when  ]Monteen  Stover  called.  I  men- 
tion the  fact,  because  it  proves  that 
John  M.  Slaton  must  be  morally  cer- 
tain where  his  client  and  his  clienfs 
victim  were^  while  Monteen  tvas  wait- 
ing in  the  vacant  offices.  Nothing 
but  the  closed  door  of  that  metal  room 
kept  Monteen  from  catching  Slaton's 
guilty  client  in  the  very  act! 

While  the  one  girl  was  waiting  in 
the  empty  and  silent  offices,  the  other 
was  in  the  metal  room,  unconscious, 
and  soon  to  be  dead. 

Slaton  ravished  the  official  record, 
by  telling  an  easily  duped  public  that 
Leo  Frank  was  in  his  second  office  at 
from  12:05  to  12:10.  This  corrupt 
traitor  knows  that  unless  Frank  can 
be  stationed  in  his  office,  at  that  iden- 
tical time,  he  assaulted  and  murdered 
the  girl.  Consequentl3^  Slaton  rapes 
the  record,  and  puts  his  client  where 
he  was  not,  in  order  that  the  Avorld 
may  not  know  where  he  teas;  namely, 
behind  the  closed  door  of  the  metal 
room.  Avhere  the  crime  was  being  com- 
mitted, as  Monteen  Stover  waited  for 
(the  missinj;  Frank. 


On  page  243  of  the  official  record 
appears  a  statement  made  by  Frank 
to  N.  A.  Lanford,  Chief  of  Detectives, 
on  Monday  morning,  April  28th, 
1913: 

"The  office  boy  and  stenographer 
were  with  me  in  the  office  mitil  noon. 
They  left  about  12,  or  a  little  after." 
(This  was  true.)  After  they  left,  "this 
little  girl,  Mary  Phagan,  came  in,  but 
at  the  time  I  did  not  know  that  was 
her  name. 

"She  came  in  between  12:05  and 
12:10,  maybe  12:07,  to  get  her  pay- 
envelope,  her  salar3^  I  paid  her,  and 
she  went  out  of  the  office.  ...  It  was 
my  impression  that  she  just  walked 
away." 

This  statement,  which  Frank  knew 
was  being  reduced  to  writing,  accords 
with  what  he  told  the  officers  who 
went  to  his  house  Sunday  morning. 
He  was  accurate  in  fixing  the  time 
when  his  stenographer  left  (as  you 
will  see  later),  and  he  was  also  accu- 
rate in  fixing  the  time  of  Mary  Pha- 
gan's  arrival. 

He  did  not  then  know  that  Monteen 
Stover  had  followed  so  closely  upon 
the  heels  of  Mary,  and  was  in  his 
office  at  the  very  time  when  ■  an  inno- 
cent Leo  Frank  would  have  been  there. 

Slaton  knew  that  Frank  had  to  be 
in  his  office  from  12:05  to  12:10,  else 
he  lolled  the  girl;  and  of  course 
Frank  knew  it,  too. 

Therefore,  the  murderer  tells  his 
detective,  and  the  city  officers,  that  he 
was  in  his  office,  at  the  crucial  time; 
and  when  an  unexpected,  and  unim- 
peachable, witness  turns  up,  and 
swears  that  he  was  not  in  his  office,  at 
the  crucial  time,  one  of  his  attorneys 
issues  a  gubernatorial  proclamation 
which  obliterates  Monteen  Stover^s 
testimony,  and  restores  his  guilty 
client  to  the  place  of  innocence  which 
the  murderer  took  for  himself,  before 
he  knew  of  Monteen'' s  being  in  his 
office  while  he  was  committing  the 
crime  in  the  metal  room. 


268 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


After  an  intelligent  white  girl — of 
flawless  character,  and  Mith  no  con- 
ceivable motive  for  perjiHT — swears 
positively  that  she  went  to  Frank';* 
office  to  get  her  money,  and  that  she 
looked  fgr  him  in  both  rooms — the 
outer  and  the  inner  offices — Governor 
John  M.  Slat  on  argued  to  the  public 
that  his  client  was  in  the  second 
office,  during  the  whole  -five  minutes 
that  the  girl  was  looking  and  tcaiting 
for  h im  ! 

Could  there  be  moral  turpitude 
blacker  than  that  of  a  Governor  who 
prostitutes  his  office  to  protect  blood- 
guilt,  and  who  endeavors  to  hide  his 
own  baseness  by  falsifying  the  oflScial 
records  of  his  State? 

Slaton  did,  Avith  a  spurt  of  his  pen. 
that  which  Burns,  Rabbi  Marx, 
Frank's  wife,  and  Samuel  Boornstein 
were  unable  to  do  by  persuasion  or 
by  threat — he  got  rid  of  the  evidence 
which  convicts  Leo  Frank  of  the  mur- 
der of  Mary  Phagan.  The  most  per- 
sistent, unprecedented,  and  illegal 
methods  were  used  by  the  Burns  De- 
tective Agency,  and  by  Rabbi  Marx 
to  induce  this  honest  young  woman, 
Monteen  Stover,  to  perjure  herself; 
but  these  outrageous  efforts  were 
foiled  by  the  old-fashioned  honesty  of 
this  poor  daughter  of  the  ivorking 
class. 

It  was  the  snob  Governor,  of  high 
society,  gilded  club-life,  and  palatial 
environment,  that  proved  to  be  the 
rotten  pippin  in  our  barrel.  Rich 
Jews  could  not  buy  the  work-people 
whose  daily  bread  is  earned  by  the 
toil  of  their  hands.  Rich  Jews  were 
never  able  to  move  a  single  member 
of  the  juiy  which  listened  for  weeks 
to  this  damning  testimony.  Neither 
could  Judge  Roan,  or  our  Supreme 
Court  be  moved.  With  splendid  in- 
tegrity, our  whole  system  withstood 
the  attacks  of  Big  Money,  until,  at 
length,  nothing  was  left  but  the  per- 
fidy of  a  Governor  who,  in  the  inter- 
est of  his  client,  betrayed  a  high 
office,  and  a  great  people. 


R.  P.  Bariett  was  the  next  witness 
for  the  State. 

He  testified  that  he  was  the  machin- 
ist at  the  pencil  factor}-,  and  that  on 
Monday  morning,  April  2Sth,  he 
"found  an  unusual  spot  that  I  had 
never  seen  before,  at  the  west  end  of 
the  dressing  room,  on  the  second  floor. 
That  spot  was  not  there  Friday.  It 
was  blood.  The  spot  was  four  or  five 
inches  in  diameter,  and  little  spots 
behind  these  from  the  rear — six  or 
eight  in  number.  I  discovered  these 
between  6:30  and  7  o'clock.  White 
stuff  (potash  or  haskoline)  was 
smeared  over  the  spots. 

"I  found  some  hair  on  the  handle 
of  a  bench  lathe.  The  handle  was 
in  the  shape  of  an  L.  The  hair  was 
hanging  on  the  handle,  swinging 
down.  The  hair  was  not  there  Fri- 
day. It  was  my  machine.  I  know 
the  hair  was  not  there  Friday,  because 
I  had  used  that  machine  up  to  quit- 
ting time,  Friday,  5:30. 

"I  could  tell  it  was  blood  by  look- 
ing at  it.  I  found  the  hair  some  few 
minutes  afterward — about  six  or  eight 
strands,  pretty  long.  When  I  left  my 
machine  Friday,  I  left  a  piece  of 
work  in  it.  AVhen  I  got  back,  the 
piece  of  work  was  still  there.  It  had 
not  been  disturbed." 

(Bear  in  mind,  that  all  of  this  was 
early  Monday  morning,  when  no  Gen- 
tile had  accused  Leo  Frank,  for  whom 
rich  Jews  had  already,  in  secret,  em- 
ployed the  best  lawyers.  When  the 
rascally  Burns  got  into  the  case,  an 
effort  was  made  to  bribe  this  machin- 
ist, but  he  refused  to  sell  out,) 

The  State's  next  witness,  Mell  Stan- 
ford, had  been  working  for  Frank 
two  years.  He  testified  that  he  swept 
up  the  whole  floor  in  the  metal  room 
Friday,  April  25th.  "I  moved  every- 
thing, and  swept  everything.  I  swept 
under  Mary's  and  Barrett's  machines. 
On  Monday  thereafter,  I  found  a  spot 
that  had  some  white  haskoline  over  it, 
on  second  floor,  near  dressing  room, 
that     wasn't     there    Friday     when     1 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


269 


swept.  The  spot  looked  to  me  like  it 
was  blood,  w'ith  dark  spots  scattered 
around." 

The  extreme  importance  of  the  evi- 
dence of  Barrett  and  Stanford  is, 
that  the  hair  and  the  spots  were  not 
there  on  Friday.  As  Barrett's  hands 
had  been  turning  his  machine  handle, 
at  5:30  Friday  evening,  the  tress  of 
woman's  hair  could  not  have  been  on 
ii  then.  How  came  it  there  after  the 
men  and  girls  quit  work  Fridaj?^?  And 
whose  was  it.  if  not  Mary  Phagan's? 

As  Stanford  swept  the  floor  Friday, 
the  blood  spots  could  not  have  been 
there  then,  for  his  small  hroom  icould 
certainly  have  swept  the  white  pow- 
der. Whether  paint  or  blood,  how 
came  the  spots,  and  the  white  powder 
on  the  floor,  after  Stanford  swept  up, 
Friday  ? 

Mrs.  George  W.  Jefferson  testified 
that  she  worked  at  the  pencil  factory, 
and  that  on  Monday,  "u'e  saw  hlood 
on  the  second  floor,  in  front  of  the 
girls'  dressing  room.  It  was  about 
05  hig  as  a  fan^  and  something  white 
was  over  it.  I  didn't  see  it  there  Fri- 
day. I  have  been  working  there  f.ve 
years.  The  spot  I  saw  was  not  one  of 
the  paints.  The  white  stuff  did  not 
hide  the  red.  You  could  see  it 
plainly.'' 

R.  B.  Haslett  testified  that  on  Mon- 
day morning  he  and  ]\Ir.  Black  went 
out  to  Frank's  house,  to  request  him 
to  appear  at  the  station-house. 

"I  saw  Mr.  Rosser  and  Mr.  Haas 
at  the  station-house  about  8 :30  or  9 
o'clock.  Mr.  Frank  was  at  the  sta- 
tion-house two  or  three  hours." 

E.  F.  Holloway,  sworn  for  the 
State:  Was  day  watchman  at  fac- 
tory. Forgot  to  lock  the  elevator  on 
Saturday,  when  he  left  the  factory  at 
11 :45,  Witness  admitted  that  he  had 
previously  sworn  twice  that  he  left 
the  elevator  locked;  once,  in  the  affi- 


davit   he    gave    to    Solicitor    Dorsey 
and,  again,  at  the  coroner's  inquest. 

(In  other  words,  Holloway  en- 
trapped the  State,  which  had  his 
sworn  testimony,  twice  given,  that  he 
had  left  the  elevator  locked  at  11 :45 
Saturday  morning.  He  had  not  noti- 
fied them  of  his  change.,  otherwise  the 
State  would  not  have  put  him  up.) 

On  cross-examination,  Holloway 
stated  that  Frank  got  back  from  Mon- 
tag's  at  about  11  o'clock.  That  Frank 
was  working  on  his  books  in  the  office. 
That  Corinthia  Ilall^  and  Emma 
Clark  were  coming  toward  the  factory 
(at  11:1^5).,  when  he.,  Holloway.,  was 
leaving. 

(Remember  this:  its  importance 
was  not  apparent  to  the  witness  when 
he  swore  it.,  and  he  was  doing  what 
he  could  to  help  his  employer.) 

He  had  often  seen  blood  spots  on 
the  floor,  but  didn't  remember  having 
seen  those  Barrett  found. 

Witness  had  never  seen  Frank 
speak  to  Mary  Phagan,  Cords  like 
that  found  on  Mary's  neck  are  all 
over  the  place.  They  come  on  the 
bundles  of  slats  that  are  tied  around 
the  pencils.  Barrett  found  the  blood, 
hair,  and  pay-envelope. 

Witness'  explanation  of  the  differ- 
ence between  his  former  testimony 
about  the  elevator,  and  that  which  he 
was  giving  at  the  trial,  is  quite  sim- 
ple and  satisfactory:  he  says  that  he 
sawed  a  plank  for  the  two  carpenters 
on  the  fourth  floor,  and  forgot  about 
it;  and,  as  soon  as  he  remembered 
that  he  had  sawed  the  plank,  he  recol- 
lected that  he  had  forgotten  to  lock 
the  elevator.  Thus  doth  the  little 
busy  bee  improve  each  shining  hour; 
and,  by  association  of  ideas,  remember 
that  forget  fulness  as  to  sawing  one 
plank,  revives  the  memory  to  the 
extent  that  one  can  recall  what  it  was 
he  forgot. 

N.  X.  Darley  was  Manager  of  a 
branch  of  the  pencil  factory.  He  tes- 
tified: 


270 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


"Mr.  Sig  Montag  is  my  superior, 
Mr.  Frank  and  I  are  of  equal  dignity 
in  the  factory. 

^'I  was  there  Sunday  morning 
(April  27),  about  8:20.  *I  saw  Mr. 
Frank  that  morning.  When  I  first 
saw  him,  I  observed  nothing  unusual. 
When  we  started  to  the  basement,  1 
noticed  that  his  hands  were  trembling . 
I  observed  that  he  seemed  still  nerv- 
ous when  he  went  to  nail  up  the  back 
door.  Frank  explained  why  he  was 
nervous  by  saying  he  hadn't  had 
breakfast,  and  that  the  sight  at  the 
morgue  had  unnerved  him. 

"T'Ae  elevator  was  unlocked. 

''''Mr.  Frank  told  me  in  the  hase- 
ment  that  he  helieved  the  murder  had 
been  committed  in  the  basement. 

"When  we  started  down  the  ele- 
vator, he  was  shaking  all  over.  He 
looked  pale.  When  riding  down  to 
the  police  station,  Mr.  Frank  was  on 
my  knee:  he  was  trembling.  "\Vhen 
my  attention  was  called  to  it,  I  no- 
ticed something  that  looked  like  blood, 
with  something  white  over  it,  at  the 
ladies'  dressing  room,  Monday  morn- 
ing. 

^''Barrett  showed  me  some  hair  on 
the  lever  of  a  lathe:  six  or  eight 
strands,  at  the  outside. 

"Pay-envelopes  are  found  scattered 
all  around. 

"The  factory  is  supposed  to  be 
locked  and  unoccupied  by  any  person 
on  Sundays. 

"Frank  usually  started  on  his  bal- 
ance sheet  in  the  afternoon. 

"Frank  is  a  small,  thin  man,  about 
125,  or  130  pounds.  Is  easily  upset, 
and  nervous.  Eubs  his  hands.  Sig 
Montag  had  a  fuss  with  Frank  on 
fourth  floor,  and  Montag  hollered  at 
him  considerably,  and  he  was  very 
nervous  the  balance  of  the  evening; 
he  shook  and  trembled.  He  says,  'Mr. 
Darley,  I  just  can't  work,'  and  some 
of  the  boys  told  me  he  took  spirits  of 
ammonia  for  his  nerves. 


"Scratch  pads  are  scattered  all  over 
the  building. 

"Mr.  Frank  told  me  that  the  slip 
he  took  out  of  the  clock  Sunday 
morning  had  been  punched  regularly. 
/  made  the  some  mistake.'''^ 

(Darley,  like  Frank,  wanted  to  give 
an  innocent  negro  an  hour  of  the 
night,  so  that  he  might  have  time  to 
go  home  and  back.) 

W.  F.  Anderson,  sworn  for  the 
State,  said  that  when  the  call  came 
from  the  night-watchman  at  the  fac- 
tory, Lee  phoned  that  a  woman  was 
dead  at  the  factory. 

"I  asked  him  if  it  was  a  white 
woman  or  a  negro  woman.  He  said 
it  vjas  a  white  woman.''"' 

Anderson  went  to  the  factory,  used 
the  ladder  to  reach  the  basement,  and 
at  about  3 :30  he  began  to  use  the  tele- 
phone trying  to  get  Leo  Frank.  "I 
heard  the  telephone  rattling  and  buz- 
zing: I  continued  to  call  for  fve  min- 
utes: got  no  answer. 

"/  called  Mr.  Tlaas^  and  Mr.  Mon- 
tag, too;  I  got  a  response  from  both. 
I  tried  to  get  Frank  again  at  4  o'clock. 
Central  said  she  rang,  and  couldn't 
get  him. 

"There  are  plenty  of  pencils  and 
trash  in  the  basement.  The  trash  was 
all  uj)  next  to  the  boiler.'''' 

H.  L.  Parry,  and  G.  C.  February, 
stenographers,  swore  to  their  reports 
of  Frank's  statements  to  Chief  Lan- 
ford,  and  to  the  coroner's  jury. 

Albert  McKnight,  a  negro,  testified 
that  his  wife,  Minola,  cooks  for  Mrs. 
Selig.  with  whom  Frank  and  wife 
lived :  on  Saturda}^  April  2Gth,  he 
wos  at  the  home  of  Frank  to  see 
Minola.  He  saw  Frank  when  he  came 
home,  "close  to  1:30.  He  did  not  eat 
any  dinner.  He  came  in,  went  to  the 
sideboard  of  the  dining  room,  stayed 
there  a  few  minutes,  and  then  he  goes 
out,  and  catches  a  car.  Stayed  there 
about  five  or  ten  minutes. 

"I    certainlv    saw    Mr.    Frank    that 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


271 


day,   from   the  kitchen,  where  I   waa 
sitting." 

Cross-examination  failed  to  shake 
the  negro,  and  he  was  corroborated 
later  by  white  men  who  said  he  had 
made  the  same  statements  to  them, 
soon   after  the  murder. 

Miss  Helen  Ferguson  testified  that 
she  worked  at  the  pencil  factory. 

"I  saw  Mr.  Frank  on  Friday,  April 
25,  about  7  o'clock  in  the  evening,  and 
asked  for  Mary  Phagan's  money.  Mr. 
Frank  said,  'I  can't  let  you  have  it.'  " 

Witness  had  got  Mary's  money  be- 
fore, but  not  from  Frank. 

R.  L.  Waggoner  swore  to  seeing 
Frank  on  Tuesday  morning,  walk  to 
the  window  of  the  pencil  factory,  a 
dozen  times  in  half  an  hour,  look 
down  on  the  sidewalk,  and  twist  his 
hands.  In  the  automobile,  after  his 
arrest,  Frank's  leg  was  shaking. 

J.  L.  Beavers,  Chief  of  Police, 
swore:  "Saw  what  I  took  to  be  a 
splotch  of  blood  on  the  floor,  near  the 
dressing  room  door.  It  looked  like 
blood." 

R.  M.  Lassiter  swore  that  he  found 
a  parasol  in  the  bottom  of  the  elevator 
shaft,  Sunday  morning;  also  a  ball  of 
small  wrapping  twine;  also  a  person's 
stool. 

"/  noticed  evidenec  of  dragging 
from  the  elevator  in  the  basement . 
The  umbrella  was  not  crushed.  There 
is  a  whole  lot  of  trash  at  the  bottom" 
of  the  elevator  shaft. 

W.  H.  Gheesling,  funeral  director 
and  embalmer,  testified : 

"I  moved  the  body  of  Mary  Phagan 
(from  the  factory)  at  10  minutes  to 
4  o'clock,  in  the  morning,  April  27th. 
This  cord  was  around  her  neck. 
There  was  an  impress  of  an  eighth  af 
an  inch  on  her  neck.  The  rag  was 
around  her  head,  and  over  her  face. 
The  tongue  was  an  inch  and  a  quarter 
out  of  her  mouth,  sticking  out.  The 
body  was  rigid  ...  in  my  opinion,  she 
had   been   dead   ten   or   fifteen   hours. 


probably  longer.  The  blood  was  very 
much  congested.  The  blood  had  set- 
tled in  her  face,  because  she  was  lying 
on  her  face. 

"I  found  some  dirt  and  dust  under 
the  nails.  Some  urine  and  dry  blood 
splotches  on  the  underclothes.  The 
right  leg  of  the  drawers  was  split 
with  a  Imife,  or  ripped  right  up  the 
seam. 

"/7er  right  eye  was  very  dark^  and 
very  much  swollen^  like  it  was  hit 
before  death.  If  it  had  been  after 
death,  there  wouldn't  have  been  any 
swelling. 

"I  found  a  wound  2^/4  inches  on  the 
back  of  the  head.  It  was  made  before 
death,  because  it  bled  a  great  deal. 
The  hair  was  matted  with  hlood^  and 
very  dry.  There  is  no  circulation 
after  death.  /  dldnH  notice  any 
scratches  on  her  nose.  I  don't  think 
the  little  girl  lost  much  blood." 

Dr.  Claude  Smith  testified  that  on 
one  of  the  chips  brought  him,  he 
found  three,  four,  or  five  corpuscles 
of  blood.  Couldn't  say  it  was  human 
blood.  A  drop,  or  half  a  drop,  or 
even  less,  would  have  caused  it.  Ex- 
amined the  bloody  shirt  found  at 
Newt  Lee's.  It  was  smeared  inside 
and  out.  "I  got  no  odor  from  the 
armpits  that  it  had  been  worn.  The 
blood  was  high  up  about  the  waist- 
line." 

Dr.  J.  W.  Hurt,  County  Physician, 
testified  to  the  wounds,  one  back  of 
the  head,  and  the  other  on  the  eye. 
"Black,  contused  eye.  A  number  of 
small  minor  scratches  on  the  face. 
Tongue  protruding.  Cord  around  the 
neck.  She  died  of  strangulation. 
There  was  swelling  on  the  neck.  The 
wound  on  back  of  head,  made  by  blunt 
instrument,  and  the  blow  from  down 
upward.  It  was  calculated  to  produce 
unconsciousness.  Scratches  on  face 
made  after  death.  Hymen  not  intact. 
Blood  on  the  parts.  Vagina  a  little 
large  for  her  age:  enlargement  could 
have  been  made  by  penetration  before 


272 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


death.  Normal  virgin  uterus.  She 
was  not  pregnant. 

"T^Ae  body  looked  as  if  it  had  been 
dragged  through  the  dirt  and  cinders. 
It  was  my  impression  that  she  was 
dragged  face  forward." 

Dr.  H.  F.  Harris,  a  practising  phy- 
sician, testified: 

"I  made  an  examination  of  the  body 
of   Mary    Pliagan    on   May   5th.      On 


DR.  H.  F.   HARRIS,    CHIEF   STATES    WITNESS  AS 
TO  CONDITION  OF  MARY'S  BODY. 

removing  skull,  found  a  little  hem- 
orrhage under  the  skull,  correspond- 
ing with  point  where  blow  was  re- 
ceived. Blow  hard  enough  to  render 
person  unconscious.  Injury  to  eye 
and  scalp  made  before  death.  Strang- 
ulation by  cord,  the  cause  of  death. 
Examined  vagina.  No  spermatazoa. 
On  walls  of  vagina,  evidence  of  vio- 
lence of  some  kind.  Epithelium  pulled 
loose,  completely  detached  in  places, 
blood  vessels  dilated  immediately  be- 
neath surface,  and  a  great  deal  of 
hemorrhage  in  surrounding  tissues. 
"Indications  were  that  violence  had 


been  done  to  vagina  some  little  time 
before  death.  Perhaps  ten  or  fifteen 
minutes. 

"'There  was  evidence  of  violence  in 
the  neighborhood  of  the  hymen.  This 
violence  to  the  hymen  had  evidently 
been  done  just  before  death. 

"Menses  could  not  have  caused  any 
dilation  of  blood  vessels,  and  discol- 
oration of  walls. 

"Contents  of  stomach  showed  that 
very  little  alteration,  if  any,  had 
taken  place  in  the  cabbage  and  biscuit 
eaten  for  dinner.  She  died  in  half- 
an-hour,  or  three-quarters  afterwards. 
"The  violence  to  the  private  parts 
might  have  been  produced  by  the 
finger  or  other  means,  but  I  found 
evidence  of  violence.'''' 

C.  B.  Dalton,  sworn  for  the  State, 
said  that  he  knew  Leo  Frank,  Daisy 
Hopkins,  and  Jim  Conley.  He  had 
been  to  the  pencil  factory  several 
times.     Had  been  in  the  basement. 

"Daisy  Hopkins  introduced  me  to 
Frank.  When  I  went  down  the  lad- 
der (into  the  basement)  Daisy  Hop- 
kins went  with  me.  We  went  back  to 
a  trash  pile  in  the  basement.  I  saw 
an  old  cot,  and  a  stretcher. 

"Frank  had  Coco-Cola,  lemon  and 
lime,  and  bee)\  in  his  office.  I  never 
saw  the  women  in  his  office  doing  any 
writing.  The  first  time  I  went  to 
Frank's  office,  it  was  Saturday  eve- 
ning. I  went  in  there  with  Daisy 
Hopkins.  There  were  women  in  the 
office.  I  have  been  in  there  several 
times.  Conley  was  sitting  at  the  front 
door." 

S.  L.  Rosser:  "I  am  city  police- 
man. On  May  th  or  7th,  I  Imew  that 
Mrs.  White  claimed  she  saw  a  negro 
at  the  factory  on  Saturday  morning, 
April  26th. 

"Mrs.    White    volunteered    the    in- 
formation about  seeing  the  negro." 
Harry  Scott,  recalled: 
"I    knew    on    Monday     (April    28), 
that   Mrs.    White   claimed   she   saw   a 
darkey  at  the  pencil  factory.     I  gave 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


273 


the  information  to  the  police  depart- 
ment. 


HARRY  SCOTT. 

"il/r.  Frank  gave  me  the  informa- 
tion when  I  first  talked  to  him.'''' 

(Pray  observe  that  Frank  not  only 
told  the  detective  whom  he  employed.^ 
that  he  knew  Mary  Phagan,  and  that 
he  knew  J.  M.  Gantt  was  paying  con- 
siderable attention  to  her,  but  that  he 
knew  Jim  Conley  was  in  the  factory 
on  the  day  of  the  crime. 

Yet  he  was  directing  the  police  to  a 
negro  Avho  was  not  there  until  night- 
fall, and  to  a  white  man  who  merely 
went  in  to  get  some  old  shoes!) 

"I  got  information  as  to  Conley 
•writing,  through  my  operations  while 
I  was  out  of  town.  Personally,  /  did 
not  get  the  information  from;  the  pen- 
cil factory,  I  got  it  from  outside 
sources,  wholly  disconnected  with  the 
pencil  company." 

Misses  Myrtice  Cato  and  Maggie 
Grifiin,  both  swore  that  they  had  seen 


Frank  and  Rebecca  Carson  repeatedly 
go  into  the  ladies'  private  room,  on 
the  fourth  floor,  and  remain  fifteen  or 
twenty  minutes.  This  was  during 
work  hours.  Rebecca  Carson  carried 
the  key  to  this  room. 

Let  us  now  give  the  gist  of  the  evi- 
dence of  Jim  Conley,  the  accomplice, 
whose  confession  blocked  Leo  Frank's 
deliberate  scheme  to  hang  the  innocent 
negro,  Newt  Lee. 

Jim  told  how  Frank  would  have 
private  meetings  with  women  in  the 
factory,  while  he,  Jim,  kept  a  watch- 
out.  He  told  of  how  another  young 
man  (Dalton)  visited  the  factory,  and 
how  there  would  be  "a  lady  for  him, 
and  one  for  Mr.  Frank." 


J.  M.  GANTT,    ARRESTED    FOR  CRIME  ON  AC- 
COUNT OF  FRANK'S  STATEMENTS. 


He  told  of  how  Frank  would  signal 
to  him,  by  "stomping"  on  the  floor, 
when  a  woman  was  alone  with  Frank, 
and  how  he,  Jim,  was  then  to  lock  the 
door.     When  Frank  got  through  with 


274 


WATSON'S  ]\IAGAZINE. 


his  woman,  he  would  whistle,  and  Jim 
would  unlock  the  door. 

Conley  told  of  meeting  Frank  near 
Montag"s,  that  Saturday  morning,  and 
of  their  talk:  on  this  point  of  the 
meeting,  and  an  apparently  confiden- 
tial talk,  the  negro  was  corroborated 
by  Mrs.  Hattie  Waites. 

Tlie  negro  told  of  how  the  Jew 
instructed  him  where  to  sit,  and  what 
to  do,  when  they  reached  the  factoi-y 
after  Frank  got  back  from  Montag's. 
Mary  Phagan  was  expected;  and 
Frank  was  planning  to  prevent  inter- 
ruption, while  he  was  alone  with  her. 

The  negro  then  told  of  how  he  sat 
where  Frank  told  him  to,  and  he 
named  the  several  visitors  that  came 
to  the  factory  during  the  morning. 

At  length,  he  reaches  the  doomed 
girl,  and  he  said — 

"The  next  person  I  saw.  was  the 
lady  that  is  dead. 

"After  I  went  upstairs.  I  heard  her 
footsteps  going  towards  the  office;  and 
after  she  went  in  the  office,  I  heard 
two  people  walking  out  of  the  office, 
and  going  like  they  were  coming 
down  the  steps;  but  they  didn't  come 
down  the  steps;  they  went  hack 
toicard  the  metal  department.'^'' 

("Has  the  metal  come?  Will  there 
be  work  for  me,  next  week?" 

No  more  work  for  you,  Mary  Pha- 
gan! 

You  can  die  in  defense  of  3^ our  vir- 
tue, but  never  more  will  you  turn 
the  dull  wheel  of  Labor!) 

"'After  they  went  back  there,  I 
heard  the  lady  scream,  but  I  didn't 
hear  no  more;  and  the  next  person 
that  came  was  Miss  Monteen  Stover. 
She  sta^'ed  there  a  pretty  good  while 
— it  wasn't  so  very  long,  either — she 
came  back  down  the  steps,   and  left. 

"After  she  came  back  down  the 
steps,  and  left,  I  heard  somebody  from 
the  metal  department  come  running 
back  there  upstairs,  on  their  tip-toes : 
then  I  heard  somebody  tip-toeing  back 
to  the  metal  department." 


Next,  he  heard  the  "stomp,"  and  the 
whistle,  and  went  upstairs. 

"]\fr.  Frank  was  standing  there  at 
the  top  of  the  etairs,  shivering  and 
trembling,  and  rubbing  his  hands,  like 
this" — illustrating. 

"Pie  had  a  little  rope  in  his  hands — 
a  long,  wide  piece  of  cord. 

"liis  eyes  looked  funny.  His  face 
was  red. 

"After  I  got  to  the  top  of  the 
stairs,  he  asked  me: 

"  'Did  you  see  that  little  girl  that 
passed  here  just  a  while  ago?' 

"I  told  him  I  saw  one  come  along 
there,  and  she  come  back  again,  and 
then  I  saw  another  one  come  along 
there,  and  she  hasn't  come  back  down. 

"And  he  says,  'Well,  the  one  you 
say  didn't  come  back  down,  she  came 
into  my  office,  and  I  went  back  there 
to  see  if  her  work  had  come,  and  I 
wanted  to  be  with  the  little  girl,  and 
she  refused  me,  and  I  struck  her,  and 
I  guess  I  struck  her  too  hard,  and  she 
fell  and  hit  her  head  against  some- 
thing^ and  I  don't  know  how  bad  she 
got  hurt." 

At  the  time  Jim  made  this  state- 
ment first  to  the  officers,  he  did  not 
Imow  that  there  was  a  wound  in  the 
back  of  the  girl's  head ;  and,  of  course, 
he  did  not  know  it  rangea  "from  down 
upward." 

He  did  not  know  that  her  eye  was 
black  and  swollen,  and  that  scientific 
testimony  would  prove  the  two  wounds 
to  have  been  given  at  practically  the 
same  time. 

Without  Jim's  story  of  the  blow  in 
her  face,  and  her  fall  against  some- 
thing, it  would  be  impossible  to  take 
the  official  record  and  explain  those 
two  wounds — front  and  rear. 

One  man  could  not  have  made  the 
two  wounds,  simultaneously :  the  fall 
against  the  handle  of  the  machine 
made  the  rear  wound,  and  explains 
its  peculiar  range. 

Had  Jim  been  making  up  a  story, 
he    would   have    said    that    she    fell 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


275 


against    the    crank,,    or    against    some 
sharp  corner,  naming  it. 

In  the  excitement  of  the  moment, 
Frank  himself  did  not  know  ichat  it 
was  that  the  girl  had  struck  in  fall- 
ing,, else  he  would  have  removed  her 
tress  of  hair  from  the  crank. 

Is  it  not  an  evidence  of  the  veracity 
of  the  negro's  story,  that  he  repre- 
sents Frank  as  saying  he  had  hit  the 
girl  too  hard,  and  in  falling  she  had 
hit  something,,  and  he  did  not  know 
how  bad  she  was  hurt? 

The  fact  is.  Frank  expected  to  over- 
come the  girl's  resistance  without  any 
more  violence  than  rakes  usually  exert 
on  modest  girls  who  stoutly  resist, 
and  even  cry  out,  at  first. 

Her  determined  fight  enraged  him; 
and,  knowing  that  he  had  but  a  few 
minutes  in  which  to  accomplish  his 
purpose,  he  struck  her,  believing  she 
would  then  yield,  through  fear. 
.  When  she  fell  on  the  floor,  he  may 
have  thought  she  was  shamming  un- 
consciousness ;  and  he  therefore  ripped 
her  drawer-leg,  clear  up,  and  did  the 
violence  to  the  vagina.  HOW?  Not 
in  the  natural  way. 

Then,  his  passion  cooled,  he  saw 
that  the  girl  was  badly  hurt ;  and  that 
if  he  allowed  her  to  leave,  in  her 
pitiable  condition,  she  would  go  out 
into  the  streets,  and  make  the  city 
ring  with  what  she  could  tell,,  and 
what  she  could  show. 

Having  gone  that  far — it  was  death 
anyway — he  ran  for  the  cord,  tied  it 
around  her  neck,  as  tight  as  he  could 
tie  it;  and  left  her,  to  call  for  help 
from  Jim,  his  confidential  man,  in 
such  matters. 

The  strip  from  her  underskirt  was 
probably  torn  off,  and  wadded  under 
the  girl's  head,  when  he  pushed  up 
her  clothes,  and  ripped  the  leg  of  her 
drawers. 

Conley  continued  his  testimony,  as 
to  what  Frank  said  to  him: 

"  'Of  course  you  know  /  ain't  huilt 
like  other  men.'' " 


Note,  farther  on,  that  Miss  Nellie 
Woods  swore  that  Frank  used  these 
identical  words  to  her,  when  he  had 
her  in  his  office,  and  was  trying  to  get 
his  hands  under  her  clothes. 

Of  course,  Jim  Conley  did  not  know 
that  Frank  had  ever  used  those  words 
to  a  white  girl,  and  the  corroboration 
IS  powerful. 

The  negro  continued: 
"The  reason  he  said  that  was,  I  had 
seen  him  in  a  position  I  haven't  seen 
any  other  man,"  etc. 

The  language  is  set  forth  in  the 
opinion  of  the  two  Justices  of  the 
Georgia  Supreme  Court,  who  dis- 
sented from  the  majority.  They  con- 
sidered the  evidence  improper,  and 
their  dissent  was  based  upon  this,  and 
upon  other  evidence  of  Frank's  vices. 
What  Jim  described,  was  the  crime 
of  Sodom. 

"He  asked  me  if  I  wouldn't  go  back 
there,  and  bring  her  up,  so  that  he 
could  put  her  somewhere;  and  he  said 
to  hurry !  that  there  would  be  mone}'' 
in  it  for  me. 

"When  I  came  back  there,  I  found 
the  lady  lying  flat  of  her  back,  with  a 
rope  around  her  neck.  The  cloth  was 
also  tied  around  her  neck,  and  part  of 
it  was  under  her  head,  like  to  catch 
blood.  She  was  dead  when  I  went  back 
there,  and  I  came  back  and  told  Mr. 
Frank  the  girl  was  dead,  and  he  said, 
'Sh,  sh.'  He  told  me  to  go  back  there 
by  the  cotton  box.  get  a  piece  of  cloth, 
put  it  around  her,  and  bring  her  up. 
I  didn't  hear  what  Mr.  Frank  said, 
and  I  came  on  up  there  to  hear  what 
he  said.  He  was  standing  on  the  top 
of  the  steps,  like  he  was  going  down 
the  steps,  and  while  I  was  back  in  the 
metal  department.  I  didn't  under- 
stand what  he  said,  and  I  came  on 
back  there  to  understand  what  he  did 
say,  and  he  said  to  go  and  get  a  piece 
of  cloth  to  put  around  her,  and  I  went 
and  looked  around  the  cotton  box,  and 
got  a  piece  of  cloth  and  went  back 
there. 


276 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


The  girl  was  lying  flat  on  her 
hack',  and  her  hands  were  out  this 
way.  I  j)ut  hoth  of  her  hands  down 
easily,  and  rolled  her  up  in  the  cloth, 
and  taken  the  cloth  and  tied  her  up. 
and  started  to  pick  her  up,  and  I 
looked  back  a  little  distance  and  saw 
her  hat  and  piece  of  ribbon  laying 
down,  and  her  slippers,  and  I  taken 
them  and  put  them  all  in  the  cloth, 
and  I  ran  my  right  arm  through  the 
cloth  and  tried  to  bring  it  up  on  my 
shoulder.  The  cloth  was  tied  just  like 
a  person  that  was  going  to  give  out 
clothes  on  Monday;  they  get  the 
clothes  and  put  them  on  the  inside  of 
a  sheet  and  take  each  corner  and  tie 
the  four  corners,  and  I  run  my  right 
arm  through  the  cloth  after  I  tied  it 
that  way  and  went  to  put  it  on  my 
shoulder  and  I  found  I  couldn't  get  it 
on  my  shoulder;  it  was  heavy,  and  I 
carried  it  on  my  arm  the  best  I  could, 
and  when  I  got  away  from  the  little 
dressing  room  that  was  in  the  metal 
department,  I  let  her  fall,  and  I  was 
scared  and  kind  of  jumped,  and  I  said, 
'Mr.  Frank,  you  will  have  to  help  me 
with  this  girl,  she  is  heavy,'  and  he 
come  and  caught  her  by  the  feet,  and 
I  laid  hold  of  her  by  the  shoulders, 
and  when  we  got  her  that  way  I  was 
backing  and  Mr.  Frank  had  her  by 
the  feet,  and  Mr.  Frank  kind  of  put 
her  on  me;  he  was  nervous  and  trem- 
bling, and  after  we  got  up  a  piece 
from  where  we  got  her  at,  he  let  her 
feet  drop,  and  then  he  picked  her  up. 
and  we  went  on  to  the  elevator,  and 
he  pulled  down  on  one  of  the  cords 
and  the  elevator  wouldn't  go,  and  he 
said,  '■Wait,  let  me  go  in  the  office,  and 
get  the  key;  and  he  went  in  the  of  ice 
and  got  the  key  and  come  hack  and 
unlocked  the  sicitchhoard,  and  the  ele- 
vator went  down  to  the  basement,  and 
we  carried  her  out,  and  /  opened  tli 
cloth  and  rolled  her  out  there  on  the 
floor,  and  Mr.  Frank  turned  around 
and  went  on  up  the  ladder,  and  I  no- 
ticed her  hat  and  slipper  and  piece  of 


ribbon,  and  I  said,  'Mr.  Frank,  what 
am  I  going  to  do  with  these  things?' 
and  he  said.  'Just  leave  them  right 
there,*  and  I  taken  the  things  and 
jiitched  them  over  in  front  of  the 
boiler,  and  after  Mr.  Frank  had  left, 
I  goes  over  to  the  elevator,  and  he 
said,  'Come  on  up  and  I  will  catch 
you  on  the  first  floor,'  and  I  got  on 
the  elevator  and  started  it  to  the  first 
floor,  and  Mr.  Frank  was  running  up 
there.  lie  didnH  give  me  time  to  stop 
the  elevator,  he  icas  so  nervous  and 
tremhly,  and  before  the  elevator  got 
to  the  top  of  the  first  floor,  Mr.  Frank 
made  the  first  step  onto  the  eleva'or, 
and  by  the  elevator  being  a  little 
down,  like  that,  he  stepped  down  on 
it  and  hit  me  quite  a  blow  right  over 
about  my  chest,  and  that  jammed  me 
up  against  the  elevator,  and  when  we 
got  near  the  second  floor  he  tried  to 
step  off  hefore  it  got  to  the  floor,  and 
his  foot  caught  on  the  second  floor  as 
he  was  stepping  ofl",  and  that  made 
him  stumble  and  he  fell  back  sort  of 
against  me,  and  he  goes  on  and  takes 
the  key  hack  to  his  of  ice  and  leaves 
the  hox  unlocked. 

"I  was  willing  to  do  anj'thing  to 
help  Mr.  Frank  because  he  was  a 
white  man  and  my  superintendent, 
and  he  sat  down  and  I  sat  down  at 
the  table,  and  Mr.  Frank  dictated  the 
notes  to  me.  Whatever  it  was,  it 
didn't  seem  to  suit  him,  and  he  told 
me  to  turn  over  and  write  again,  and 
I  turned  the  paper  and  wrote  again, 
and  when  I  done  that  he  told  me  to 
turn  over  again,  and  I  turned  over 
again  and  I  wrote  ont  he  next  page 
there,  and  he  looked  at  that  and  kind 
of  liked  it  .and  he  said  that  was  all 
right.  Then  he  reached  over  and  got 
another  piece  of  paper,  a  green  piece, 
and  told  me  what  to  write.  He  took 
it  and  laid  it  on  his  desk,  and  looked 
at  me  smiling  and  rubbing  his  hands, 
and  then  he  pulled  out  a  nice  little 
roll  of  greenbacks,  and  he  said,  'Here 
is  $200,'  and  I  taken  the  money  and 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


277 


looked  at  it  a  little  bit,  and  I  said, 
*Mr.  Frank,  don't  you  pay  another 
dollar  for  that  watchman,  because  I 
will  pay  him  myself,'  and  he  said,  'All 
right,  I  don't  see  what  you  want  to 
buy  a  watch  for,  either;  that  big,  fat 
wife  of  mine  wanted  me  to  buy  an 
automobile,  and  I  wouldn't  do  it.' 
And  after  a  while  Mr.  Frank  looked 
at  me  and  said,  'You  go  down  there 
in  the  basement  and  you  take  a  lot  of 
trash  and  burn  that  package  that's  in 
front  of  the  furnace,'  and  I  told  him 
all  right.  But  I  ivas  afraid  to  go  down 
there  hy  myself^  and  Mr.  Frank 
wouldnH  go  down  there  with  me.  He 
said,  'There's  no  need  of  my  going 
down  there,'  and  I  said,  'Mr.  Prank, 
you  are  a  white  man,  and  you  done 
it,  and  I  am  not  going  down  there  and 
burn  that  myself.'  He  looked  at  me 
then  kind,  of  fnghtened.^  and  he  said., 
*Let  me  see  that  money^  and  he  took 
the  Tnoney  hack  and  put  it  back  in  his 
pocket,  and  I  said,  'Is  this  the  way 
jou  do  things?'  And  he  said,  'You 
keep  your  mouth  shut,  that  is  all 
right.'  And  Mr.  Frank  turned  round 
in  his  chair  and  looked  at  the  money, 
and  he  looked  back  at  me  and  folded 
"his  hands  and  looked  up  and  said, 
^Why  should  I  hang?  I  have  wealthy 
people  in  Brooklyn^  and  he  looked 
down  when  he  said  that,  and  I  looked 
up  at  him,  and  he  was  looking  up  at 
the  ceiling,  and  I  said,  'Mr.  Frank, 
what  about  me?'  And  he  said.  'That's 
all  right,  don't  you  worry  about  this 
thing;  you  just  come  back  to  work 
Monday,  like  you  don't  know  any- 
thing, and  keep  your  mouth  shut;  if 
you  get  caught,  I  will  ^(^i  you  out  on 
bond  and  send  you  away,'  and  he  said. 
•'Can  you  come  back  this  evening  and 
do  it?'  And  I  said,  'Yes,'  that  I  was 
coming  to  get  my  monej'.  He  said, 
'Well,  I  am  going  home  to  get  dinner, 
and  you  come  bqck  here  in  about 
forty  minutes  and  I  will  fix  the 
money,  and  I  said.  'How  will  I  get 
in?'     And  he   said,  'There  will    be   a 


place  for  you  to  get  in  all  right,  but 
if  you  are  not  coming  back,  let  me 
know,  and  I  will  take  those  things 
and  put  them  down  with  the  body,' 
and  I  said,  'All  right,  I  will  be  back 
in  about  forty  minutes.'  Then  I  went 
down  over  to  the  beer  saloon  across 
the  street,  and  I  took  the  cigarettes 
out  of  the  box  and  there  was  some 
money  in  there  and  I  took  that  out, 
and  there  was  two  paper  dollars  in 
there  and  tw^o  silver  quarters,  and  I 
took  a  drink,  and  then  I  bought  me  a 
double-header  and  drank  it,  and  I 
looked  around  at  another  colored  fel- 
low standing  there,  and  I  asked  him 
did  he  want  a  glass  of  beer,  and  he 
said  no,  and  i  looked  at  the  clock  and 
it  said  twenty  minutes  to  two,  and  the 
man  in  there  asked  me  was  I  going 
home,  and  I  said,  'Yes,'  and  I  w^alked 
south  on  Forsyth  Street  to  Mitchell 
and  JNIitchell  to  Davis,  and  I  said  to 
the  fellow  that  was  with  me,  'I  am 
going  back  to  Peters  Street,'  and  a 
Jew  across  the  street  that  I  owed  a 
dime  to  called  me  and  asked  me  about 
it  and  I  paid  him  that  dime.  Then  I 
went  on  over  to  Peters  Street  and 
staid  there  a  while.  Then  I  went 
home  and  I  taken  fifteen  cents  out  of 
my  pocket  and  gave  it  to  a  little  girl 
to  go  and  get  some  sausage,  and  then 
I  gave  her  a  dime  to  go  and  get  some 
wood,  and  she  staid  so  long  that 
when  she  came  back  I  said,  'I  will 
cook  this  sausage  and  eat  it  and  go 
back  to  Mr.  Frank,'  and  I  laid  down 
across  the  bed  and  went  to  sleep,  and 
I  didn't  get  up  any  more  until  half- 
past  six  o'clock  that  night. 

That's  the  last  I  saw  of  Mr.  Frank 
that  Saturday.  I  saw  him  next  time  on 
Tuesday,  on  the  4th  floor,  when  I  was 
sweeping.  He  walked  up  and  he  said, 
''Now.,  remember^  keep  your  mouth 
shvt,^  and  I  said,  'All  right,'  and  he 
said,  '//  you'd  come,  hack  on  Saturday 
and  done  what  I  told  you  to  do  with 
it  doxim.  there.,  there  icould  have  heen 
no   trouble!'     This   conversation    took 


278 


WATSON'S  IStAGAZINE. 


place  between  ten  and  eleven  o'clock 
Tuesday.  ^Mr.  Frank  knew  I  could 
write  a  little  bit,  because  he  always 
gave  me  tablets  up  there  at  the  office 
so  I  could  write  down  what  kind  of 
boxes  we  had,  and  I  would  give  that 
to  Mr.  Fi'ank  down  at  his  office,  and 
that's  the  way  he  knew  I  could  write." 

On  cross-examination — it  lasted  8 
hours — the  negro  stated  that  he  was 
•27  years  old:  that  before  he  went  to 
the  pencil  factory,  he  worked  a  year 
and  a  half  for  Dr.  Palmer;  that  he 
had  worked  for  the  Orr  Stationery 
Company,  and  for  S.  S.  Gordon.  Be- 
for  that,  for  Adams  Woodword  and 
Dr.  Howell.  Got  his  first  job  with 
S.  M.  Truitt.  Next  with  W.  S.  Coates. 
Went  to  school  one  year.  Can  write 
a  little.  Worked  for  Truitt  two  years. 
For  Coates,  five  years. 

He  admitted  he  had  stooled  in  the 
elevator  shaft,  Friday  evening. 

"/  have  never  seen  the  night  watch- 
man^ Newt  Lee.'''' 

(Notice  that  Lee  had  only  been 
there  three  weeks,  and  that  Conley 
had  never  seen  him;  and  therefore  it 
was  Franl\  not  Conley,  who  knew 
that  the  night-watch  was  a  '■'■tall.,  slim, 
black  negro.'''' 

Therefore,  it  was  Frank.,  not  Con- 
ley, Avho  was  able  to  accurately  de- 
scrihe  Lee,  in  the  notes,  where  he  is 
twice  described  I 

This  immensely  important  detail  has 
heretofore  been  overlooked.) 

''T  heard  them  say  there  was  a  negro 
night  watchman,  but  I  did  not  know 
he  was  a  negro. 

"The  lady  that  I  saw  with  Mr. 
Frank  was  Miss  Daisy  Hopkins.  It 
would  alwaj's  be  between  3  and  3:30 
(o'clock  p.  m.).  I  was  sweeping  the 
second  floor;  (Frank's  office  floor). 
Mr.  Frank  called  me  into  his  office. 
Miss  Daisy  was  with  him." 

Then  Jim  told  of  how  Dalton  and 
another  woman  came';  how  Dalton 
and  his  went  down  into  the  basement, 
and  how  Frank  and  his,  remained  to- 


gether; and  how,  after  the  two  men 
got  through,  each  paid  him  25  cents 
for  watching  while  they  were  with 
the  women. 

Then  Jim  told  of  the  Avoman  who 
came  down  from  the  fourth  floor,  to 
be  with  Frank  in  his  office,  while  the 
negi'o  watched. 

(The  manner  of  Frank  with  these 
women  is  set  forth  in  Volume  141  of 
the  Georgia  Reports,  page  287.  Any- 
one can  obtain  a  copy  by  writing  to 
the  State  Librarian,  Atlanta.) 

"I  never  was  drunk  at  the  factory. 
Yes,  I  sometimes  drank  beer  in  the 
basement  with  Snowball" — another 
negro  employee. 

Jim  admitted  that  he  had  told  lies 
about  the  case,  until  he  decided  to 
confess. 

''Mr.  Quinn  came  in,  and  then  went 
away  before  Mary  Phagan  came.  Mr. 
Quinn  had  already  gone  out  of  the 
factory  when  Mary  Phagan  came  in. 
I  didn't  see  Mr.  Barrett,  nor  Miss 
Corinthia  Hall,  or  Hattie  Hall,  or 
Alonzo  Mann,  or  Emma  Clarke. 

"/  never  was  in  jail  until  April, 
1913.  I  have  been  down  at  police  bar- 
racks several  times.  I  was  arrested 
for  fighting  black  boj^s.  I  have  never 
fought  a  white  man,  or  woman. 

"While  I  was  writing  the  notes, 
Mr.  Frank  took  the  pencil  out  of  my 
hand,  and  told  me-  to  rub  out  that  'a' 
in  'negro.' 

"I  saw  Mary  Phagan's  mesh-bag, 
or  pocketbook,  in  Mr.  Frank's  office, 
after  he  got  back  from  the  basement. 
It  was  lying  on  his  desk.  He  taken 
it  and  put  it  in  the  safe.'''' 

"Mr.  Frank  told  me  he  would  send 
me  away  from  here  if  they  caught 
me.  He  would  get  me  out  on  bond, 
and  send  me  away. 

"I  had  orders  from  Mr.  Frank  to 
write  down  how  many  boxes  we 
needed. 

"il/n  Frank  knew  for  a  whole  year 
that  I  could  write.  I  used  to  write 
for  him,  the  name  of  the  pencils  we 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


279 


made,  'Luxury,'  'George  Washington,' 
'Thomas  Jefferson,'  'Magnolia,'  and 
'Uncle  Remus.' 

"Yes,  /  wrote  him  orders  to  take 
money  out  of  my  wages^ 

(See  the  importance  of  this — un- 
known to  the  negro:  Frank,  familiar 
with  his  writing,  sees  two  specimens 
of  it  in  the  basement,  Sunday  morn- 
ing, soon  after  the  corpse  is  found, 
and  yet  never  says  a  word  about  the 
''''hand-write''''  being  Conley'^s^  nor 
about  his,  Frank's,  knowing  that 
Conley  could  write.) 

"The  pocket-book  was  a  white-look- 
ing pocket-book,  with  a  chain  to  it. 
You  could  take  it  and  fold  it  up  and 
hold  it  in  one  hand." 

(Mary's  mother  referred  to  it  as  a 
silver   mesh-bag.) 

Ivie  Jones  testified  that  he  met  Jim 
Conley  on  the  street,  between  1  and 
2  o'clock,  Saturday  afternoon,  of 
April  26th;  and  that  they  walked  on 
together  toward  Conley 's  home. 

The  State  here  "rested"  its  case. 
It  had  traced  Mary  into  Frank's  pos- 
session, and  had  thrown  upon  him 
the  burden  of  explaining  what  became 
of  her,  for  she  was  found  dead,  in  his 
possession  (in  law),  and  the  condi- 
tion of  her  stomach  and  limbs  proved 
that  she  was  murdered  at  about  the 
time  he  got  possession  of  her. 

In  the  effort  to  save  his  life,  he  pre- 
tended that  she  had  gone  into  Newt 
Lee's  possession,  after  nightfall;  but 
he  was  foiled  in  his  purpose  to  hang 
the  innocent  negro,  by  unforeseen  cir- 
cumstances : 

(1.)  The  inabilit}^  of  his  friends 
to  prove  that  anybody  saw  Mary 
alive,  after  she  had  been  traced  almost 
to  the  factory  door: 

(2.)  The  providential  visit  of 
Monteen  Stover  to  Frank's  office,  at 
the  time  when  he  told  Harry  Scott — 
and  swore  at  the  inquest — that  Mary 
was  in  his  office,  and  that  he  himself 
never  left  it: 


(3.)  The  call  of  nature,  3  o'clock 
after  midnight,  that  same  night, 
which  providentially  caused  the  en- 
dangered Newt  Lee  to  discover  the 
corpse — which  Frank  had  intended  to 
either  drag  out  into  the  alley  behind, 
or  bury  in  the  dirt  floor,  or  burn  in 
the  furnace,  when  the  fires  were 
started  again,  Monday. 

(4.)  The  break-down  and  confes- 
sion of  Jim  Conley. 

Thus  the  circumstances  forged  a 
pei-fect  chain  around  l"'rank. 

Like  a  shuttle  in  a  weaver's  loom, 
the  girl  was  on  the  stairs,  between 
Conley  and  Frank:  both  knew  she 
was  there;  each  man  knew  the  other 
was  there;  and  each  man  knew  that 
if  he  did  not  kill  the  child,  the  other 
did! 

If  she  had  left  the  hands  of  Frank, 
she  was  flung  towards  the  hands  of 
Conley,  at  the  foot  of  the  stairs;  and, 
as  Frank  knew  Conley  was  there,  he 
knew  the  negro  assaulted  and  mur- 
dered the  girl,  if  he  himself  did  not 
do  so. 

There  isn't  a  law^yer  living  who  can 
get  over  this  point,  and  explain 
Frank's  screening  of  Conley,  save 
upon  the  idea  of  their  joint  guilt. 

The  Jew^  never  hinted  a  suspicion 
of  the  negro,  until  after  the  negro 
exonerated  Newt  Lee,  and  put  the 
awful  crime  where  it  belonged. 

And,  without  the  negro's  evidence, 
no  man  can  possibly  explain  that  hair 
and  blood  on  Frank's  floor;  the  ab- 
sence of  blood  or  signs  of  struggle, 
elsewhere;  the  loose  cloth  around  the 
head,  which  soaked  up  the  blood;  the 
hands  folded  across  the  breast,  and 
so  frozen  into  position  that,  when  the 
fiendish  Jcav  dragged  her  by  the  heels, 
over  a  cinder-strewn  and  gritty  dirt 
floor,  those  little  fingers  remained  in 
position  across  the  bosom,  which  was 
never  to  pillow  a  husband's  head,  or 
nourish  an  honest  man's  babe. 

"I    put    both    of   her    hands    down, 


280 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


easy;"  and,  as  the  negro  had  seen 
people  cross  the  hands  of  the  dead, 
he  crossed  hers  upon  her  breast :  and 
so  they  found  them,  next  morning. 

Everlasting  honor  to  the  race  which 
produces  girls  of  this  heroic  mold — 
girls  who  will  not  live,  unless  they 
can  live  purely  I 

Everlasting  honor  to  the  work  peo- 
ple, and  the  common  people,  who 
have  fought  so  grandly,  for  two  long 
years,  to  avenge  that  innocent  blood  I 

xVnd  honor  forever  to  the  brave  men 
of  Cobb  County  who  carried  out  the 
legal  sentence  of  the  courts,  after 
one  of  Frank's  own  lawyers  had 
contemptuously  upset  the  legal  ma- 
chinery which  had  judicially  ascer- 
tained Leo  Frank's  terrible  guilt. 

THE  CASE  OF  THE  DEFENSE. 

The  first  two  witnesses,  Matthews 
and  Hollis,  merely  swore  to  street- 
car schedules,  and  the  time  Mary 
Phagan  rode  into  the  city. 

Herbert  SchitF,  Assistant  Superin- 
tendent of  the  factory,  testified  to  the 
system  of  business,  manner  of  paying 
off,  how  pencils  are  made,  etc. 

He  saw  the  blood  spots,  and  the 
hair.  His  most  important  statement 
was  made  on  cross-examination: 

"/  knew  on  Monday  that  Mrs. 
White  claimed  she  saw  a  negro  there^ 

Then,  ISIr.  Schiff,  why  didn't  you 
go  after  that  negro,  instead  of  Newt 
Lee,  who  was  at  home,  asleep? 

Answer  the  question^  NOW^  Mr. 
Eerhert  Schifff 

You  knew,  on  Monday,  that  the 
negro  whom  Mrs.  White  saw,  must 
have  been  Jim  Conley ;  and  you  swore 
that  you  saw  Conley  in  the  shipping 
room  of  the  factory  on  Monday,  and 
on  Tuesday,  following:  you  did  not 
ask  Conley  a  single  question  about 
the  crime;  and  yet  you  knew  he  must 
be  the  guilty  man,  if  Frank  wasn't. 

How  do  you  explain  your  failure 
to  catechise  Jim  Conley? 


Explain  it,  NOW,  Mr.  Schifff 
A    detail    of    Mr.    Schitf's   evidence 
was,    that    '"''empty   sacks    are   usually 
m.oved    a    few    hours    after    they    are 
taken  off  the  cotton^ 

Frank's  gubernatorial  attorney 
argued  that  there  was  no  use  for 
cloth,  or  sacks,  at  a  pencil  factory. 

Miss  Hattie  Hall,  stenographer, 
swore  she  finished  her  work,  carried 
it  to  Frank,  and  left  at  12:02,  Satur- 
day, punching  tlie  clock  as  she  went 
away. 

She  said  Frank  did  not  make  up 
his  financial  sheet  that  morning,  but 
admitted  she  had  testified  differently 
at  the  inquest. 

Miss  Corinthia  Hall,  sworn  for  the 
defense,  stated  she  was  forelady  at 
the  factory.  Got  there  Saturday  about 
25  minutes  to  12  o'clock.  Mrs.  P^mma 
Clark  Freeman  was  with  her.  They 
left  at  about  15  minutes  to  12.  Frank 
was  in  his  office. 

On  cross-examination,  witness  stated 
that  she  and  Mrs.  Freeman  met 
Lemmie  Quinn  a  few  minutes  later  at 
the  Greek  Cafe,  and  Quinn  told  them 
he  had  just  been  up  to  see  Mr.  Frank. 

Mrs.  Freeman's  evidence  was  to  the 
same  effect. 

Miss  Eula  May  Flowers  merely  tes- 
itfied  that  she  gave  Schiff  the  data 
for  financial   reports. 

Miss  Magnolia  Kennedy  swore  that 
Helen  Ferguson  did  not  ask  for  Mary 
Phagan's  pay  envelope. 

On  cross-examination,  she  said: 

"Barrett  called  my  attention  to  the 
hair.  It  looked  like  Marys.  My 
machine  was  right  next  to  Mary's." 

She  had  never  before  seen  the  spots 
on  the  floor,  but  on  Monday  could  see 
them  ten  or  twelve  feet  away. 

Wade  Campbell,  another  employee: 

His    sister,   Mrs.    White,    told    him, 

Monday,  that  she  had  seen  the  negro 

Saturday.   "I  saw  the  spots  they  claim 

was  blood.     Have   never  seen   Frank 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


281 


talk  to  Mary  Phagan.     I   knew   that 
Conley  could  write." 

(Tlien,  Mr.  Campbell,  why  didn't 
you  suspect  Conley,  whom  yon  knew 
to  be  the  negro  your  sister  saw  there, 
and  whom  you  knew  could  write?) 
Lemmie  Quinn  came  next: 
He  is  foreman  of  the  metal  depart- 
ment. About  100  women  work  at  fac- 
tory. Couldn't  tell  color  of  hair  Bar- 
rett found.  Noticed  the  blood  spots. 
"I  was  in  the  office,  and  saw  Frank 
between  12:20  and   12:25." 

He  "reckoned"  the  time,  and  did 
not  go  by  any  clock  or  watch.  He 
admitted  that  he  met  Miss  Hall,  and 
Mrs.  Freeman  after  he  had  been  to 
see  Frank. 

(This  was  the  only  attempt  at  alibi : 
and  tioo  of  FranJvS  own  loitnesses 
smashed  if,  hy  FranJc's  own  clock. 

Note  how  they  were  corroborated 
by  Mrs.  White  and  Holloway,  both  of 
whom  swore  that  the  ladies,  Miss  Hall 
and  Mrs.  Freeman,  were  at  the  fac- 
tory some  10  to  20  minutes  before 
noon. 

The  attem'pt  to  place  Quinn  in 
Frank's  office  at  12 :20,  shows  how  they 
needed  help,  there  and  then:  its 
break-down,  left  them  without  a  leg 
to  stand  on.) 

Harr}^  Denham,  one  of  the  carpen- 
ters at  work  on  the  fourth  floor,  tes- 
tified to  the  hammering,  forty  feet 
from  the  elevator.  Was  pretty  sure 
elevator  did  not  run  that  day.  He 
could  have  seen  wheels  moving,  and 
heard  the  noise.  Finished  and  left 
about  3  p.  m.  Frank  was  there. 
Minola  McKnight: 
Testified  to  Frank's  natural  and 
regular  conduct  on  Saturday  and  Sun- 
day. Swore  her  husband  bulldozed 
her  into  making  that  affidavit  about 
Frank  getting  drunk  Saturday  night, 
confessing  to  murder,  and  wanting  to 
kill   himself. 

"My  husband  tried  to  get  me  to  tell 
lies,"  she  said.  "All  that  affidavit  is 
a  lie." 


Emil  Selig,  father-in-law  to  Frank, 
testified  to  his  natural  conduct,  and 
conversation  on  Saturday.  Flatly 
contradicted   Albert  McKnight. 

Miss  Helen  Kerns  swore  she  saw 
Frank  on  the  street,  that  Saturday, 
10  minutes  after  1  p.  m.,  on  Alabama 
Street. 

Mrs.  A.  P.  Levy:  Saw  Frank  get 
off  car  near  his  home,  between  1  and 
2  p.  m.,  that  Saturday.  Was  looking 
at  the  clock,  and  knows  it  was  1 :20. 

Mrs.  M.  G.  Michael,  of  Athens,  tes- 
tified that  Mrs.  Frank  is  her  neice. 
She  saw  Frank  at  about  2  o'clock 
Saturday.  He  greeted  her.  She  saw 
nothing  unusual  about  him. 

Jerome  Michael,  of  Athens,  swore 
that  he  had  his  watch  in  his  hand 
Saturday,  and  saw  Frank  that  day 
between  1  and  2  o'clock.  Saw  noth- 
ing unusual  about  him. 

"I  practise  law.  I  had  my  watch 
in  my  hand  when  I  saw  Frank." 

Mrs.  Hennie  Wolfsheimer  swore  to. 
about  the  same  thing.  She  was 
Frank's  aunt.  She  was  corroborated 
by  Julian  Loeb,  cousin  to  Mrs.  Frank; 
Cohen  Loeb,  and  H.  J.  Hinchey. 

Miss  Eebecca  Carson  testified  that 
she  was  foreladj^  at  the  pencil  fac- 
tory; that  the  elevator  is  noisy  when 
running,  and  that  Jim  Conley  told 
her,  on  Monday,  he  was  so  drunk  the 
previous  Saturday  he  did  not  know 
where  he  was  or  what  he  did.  She 
also  heard  Jim  say  that  Frank  was 
as  innocent  as  an  angel. 

Mrs.  E.  M.  Carson  testified  that 
Conley  said  that  Frank  was  innocent. 
She  has  seen  blood  spots  on  floor. 
Girls  would  hurt  their  fingers. 

On  cross-examination,  she  admitted 
she  had  seen  Frank  and  Conley,  on 
fourth  floor,  at  the  same  time,  the 
Tuesday  after  the  murder. 

(This  was  an  important  corrobora- 
tion of  Conley 's  evidence.) 

Miss  Mary  Pirk,  another  forelady 
at  the  factory,  swore  that  on  Monday 
she  accused  Jim  of  the  murder,  and 


282 


WATSON'S  MAGA"7IXK. 


that  "he  took  his  broom  and  walked 
right  out  of  the  office."  Miss  Mary 
swore  she  wouldn't  believe  Jim  on 
oath.  She  did  not  report  to  Frank 
that  she  suspected  Jim.  "I  accused 
Jim  before  I  saw  the  blood  at  the 
ladies'  dressing  room." 

Miss  Dora  Small  testified  that  she 
worked  at  the  factory:  saw  Jim  Con- 
ley  on  fourth  floor  Tuesda3\  Didn't 
see  Frank  talk  to  Jim.  "I  have  never 
seen  him  talk  to  that  nigger  in  my 
life."  Miss  Dora  said  that  Jim  worried 
her  for  money  to  buy  newspapers, 
and  that  she  wouldn't  believe  him  on 
oath.  P^very  time  he  heard  a  newsboy 
yell  "Extra!"  Jim  would  go  to  Miss 
Dora  and  beg  to  see  it,  before  she  had 
finished  with  it. 

Miss  Julia  Fuss,  who  also  worked 
there,  testified  that  Jim  said,  on  Wed- 
nesday, after  the  murder,  that  Frank 
was  as  innocent  as  the  angels  in 
heaven;  she  added  that  Jim  "was 
never  known  to  tell  the  truth." 

She  testified  that  Frank  came  up 
stairs  where  Conley  was,  that  Tues- 
day moiviing,  but  she  did  not  see 
them  in  conversation. 

Annie  Hixon,  a  lady  of  color,  testi- 
fied that  Frank  called  up  the  Ursen- 
bach  home,  about  half-past  one,  April 
26,  and  told  them  he  would  not  be 
able  to  keep  his  engagement  to  go  to 
the  ball  game. 

Alonzo  Mann,  office  boy  at  the  fac- 
tory, swore  he  left  at  about  11:30  on 
Saturday.  Had  never  seen  Frank 
have  any  women  there.  Had  never 
seen  Dalton  there. 

Mr.  M.  O.  Xix  identified  the  finan- 
cial sheets  as  being  in  Frank's  hand- 
writing. 

Harry  Gottheimer  travels  for  the 
pencil  factory.  Saw  Frank  at  Mon- 
tag's  that  Saturday  morning.  Said 
Frank  invited  him  to  call  at  the  fac- 
tory that  afternoon. 

Mrs.  Rae  Frank,  mother  of  defen- 
dant, identified  some  writing,  especi- 
ally'   a   letter    written   by   him   to   his 


uncle,  Moses  Frank,  who  "is  supposed 
to  be  very  wealthy." 

Oscar  Pappenheimer,  stockholder  in 
tlie  pencil  factfjr}',  swore  to  receiving 
i-oport  ^Monday,  April  28th. 

C.  F.  Ursenbach,  brother-in-law  of 
Frank,  said  he  had  an  engagement 
for  the  ball  game  with  Frank,  for 
Saturday  afternoon,  and  Frank  called 
it  ort';  saw  Frank,  Sunday:  seemed 
all  right. 

I.  Straus  swore  he  was  at  Frank's 
home,  Saturday  night,  and  while 
others  played  cards,  Frank  sat  in  the 
hall,  reading. 

Mrs.  P^mil  Selig  testified  that  the 
contents  of  the  Minola  McKnight  affi- 
davit were  false. 

Sig.  Montag,  Treasurer  of  the  fac- 
tory, testified  to  Frank's  coming  to 
his  house,  Sunday  morning,  after  the 
crime :  looked  all  right :  witness  went 
to  the  factory  that  morning:  sent  for 
Haas  and  Rosser,  Monday:  made  no 
trade  about  fees.  Don't  know  who  is 
paying  Frank's  lawyers. 

Many  witnesses  for  the  defense 
either  confined  themselves  to  the  good 
character  of  Frank,  or  to  the  bad 
character  of  Conley,  and  to  contra- 
dictory statements  made  by  him;  and 
not  one  of  these  witnesses  swore  to 
any  fact  of  real  importance. 

The  defendant's  lawyers  carried  the 
character  business  too  far,  by  putting 
up  Miss  Irene  Jackson,  who,  after 
saying  that  Frank's  "character  was 
very  well,"  swore  that  he  had  a  habit 
of  leering  at  the  girls  in  their  private 
room,  while  they  were  partly  un- 
dressed. 

jNIiss  Bessie  Fleming  testified  that 
Frank  made  out  his  financial  sheets 
on  Saturday  mornings. 

Then    came    defendant's    statement: 
It  covers  forty-five  pages  of  printed 
matter,    and    less    than    five    of    these 
touch  the  merits  of  the  case. 

He  stated  that  after  Hattie  Hall 
left    (12:02),   Mary    Phagan    (he   did 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


285 


not  know  her  name,  he  said)  came 
into  his  office,  ten  or  fifteen  minutes 
later,  and  that  he  did  not  know  where 
she  went  after  he  gave  her  the  pay 
envelope. 

He  stated  that  Quinn  came  in,  after- 
wards, and  that  if  he  (Frank)  left 
his  office,  after  12  o'clock,  before  he 
went  upstairs  at  12:45,  he  must  have 
"unconsciously^"  gone  back  to  the 
toilet ! 

(This  toilet  is  back  of  the  metal 
room,  and  he  had  to  go  to  the  metal 
room,  and,  if  he  went  to  it,  then^  he 
had  to  go  to  the  metal  room  where 
Mary  Phagan's  hair  was,  and  over 
the  very  spot  where  her  blood  stained 
the  floor ! ) 

Almost  the  entire  statement  of  the 
defendant,  as  shown  in  the  record,  was 
taken  up  with  a  tedious  and  pro- 
longed explanation  of  his  manner  of 
doing  his  work  at  the  factory. 

One  thing  Frank  did  try  to  do : 
he  attempted  to  explain  why  his  wife 
would  not  come  to  see  him  at  the  jail. 
He  said  he  did  not  want  her  in  that 
crowd  of  reporters,  detectives,  and 
snap-shotters ! 

(Three  of  Frank's  male  relatives 
had  virtually  dragged  her  to  the 
police  headquarters;  but  she  would 
go  no  further;  and  when  she  went 
away,  she  stayed  away  three  wee'ks. 

In  the  Atlanta  papers,  Eabbi  Marx 
explained  this  by  saying,  she  was  ex- 
pecting every  day  that  Frank  would 
be  released,  although  the  '  fact  was 
universally  known  that  he  had  been 
bound  OA'er  for  trial,  and  could  not 
be  bailed  out. 

In  rebuttal,  the  State  proved  that 
Frank's  character  for  lasciviousness 
was  bad.  The  witnesses  who  swore 
it,  were  M^^rtie  Cato,  Maggie  Griffin. 
Mrs.  C.  D.  Donegan,  Mrs.  H.  R. 
Johnson,  Marie  Karst,  Nellie  Pettis, 
Mary  Davis,  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Wallace, 
Estelle  Winkle,  and  Carrie  Smith. 
These  white  ladies  had  worked  for 
Frank,  and  not  one  of  them  was  im- 


peached, or  cross  examined^  by  his 
lawyers. 

By  Ruth  Robinson,  Dewey  He  well, 
and  W.  E.  Turner  (white),  it  was 
proved  that  Frank  not  only  Imew 
Mary  Phagan,  but  talked  to  her  by 
name,  had  his  hand  on  her  shoulder, 
tried  to  push  his  attentions  on  her; 
and  that  she  was  holding  him  off, 
repulsing  his   advances. 

George  Eppes  made  affidavit  that 
Mary  told  him,  the  Saturday  morning 
he  saw  her  last,  alive,  that  Frank  had 
been  trying  to  flirt  with  her. 

\ 

One  of  the  notes  found  near  the 
corpse  read: 

"He  said  he  would  love  me,  laid 
down  play  like  night  witch  did  it 
but  that  long  tall  black  negro  did 
boy  hisself." 

The  other  read: 

"Mam  that  negro  fire  down  here  did 
this  i  went  to  make  water  and  he 
push  me  down  a  hole  a  long  tall 
negro  black  that  had  it  wase  long 
sleam  tall  negro  i  wright  while  play 
with  me." 

Note,  that  unnatural  sexual  inter- 
course seems  to  be  suggested;  and 
that  Newt  Lee  is  designated  by  occu- 
pation once,  and  by  personal  descrip- 
tion, twice;  and  that  the  place  of  tlie 
crime  is  placed  on  the  floor  above — ■ 
not  in  the  basement  itself. 

Excepting  a  mass  of  immateriMl 
evidence,  as  to  how  long  cabbage  lies 
in  the  stomach  undigested,  and  as  to 
whether  the  girl's  privates  had  been 
violated,  the  defendant  had  nothing 
except  what  I  have  stated. 

How  could  he  have? 

The  case  hinged  on  the  few  minutes 
after  Hattie  Hall  left  at  12:02,  and 
before  Mrs.  White's  return  at  12:30; 
and  the  disappearance  of  Frank  and 
his  victim,  during  the  time  that  Mon- 
teen  Stover  waited  for  him  in  his 
office,  could  never  be  explained. 

His  conviction  rested  upon  undeni- 
able physical  facts,  and  his  own  state- 


284 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


ments,   made    hefore    he   learned   how 
Monteen  could  disprove  them. 

The  lawyers  for  the  defense  took 
three  lines,  and  three  only — each  of 
them  leading  into  what  the  French 
call  a  cul  de  sac.  we  Americans  call 
it,  a  blind  alley. 

A  number  of  witnesses,  following 
one  of  these  paths  that  didn't  go  any- 
where, testified  to  a  time  or  times 
when  they  had  seen  varnish  and  paint 
spilled,  or  when  they  had  seen  some- 
body hurt  at  a  machine,  and  bleeding 
on  the  floor.  None  of  these  witnesses 
made  the  slightest  effort  to  explain 
away  the  spots  of  red,  with  white 
powder  over  them,  which  were  not 
on  the  floor  when  it  was  swept  Fri- 
day, but  was  seen  there  th-e  first  thing 
Monday  morning. 

Consequenth',  this  line  of  evidence 
stopped  in  a  cul  de  sac. 

Another  lot  of  witnesses  were  put 
up,  to  prove  that  Frank  had  never 
been  seen  by  them  to  have  had  a 
woman,  or  women,  in  the  factory  on 
Saturday  afternoons. 

Even  a  layman  will  perceive,  that 
no  matter  how  strong  this  point  was 
made,  it  did  nothing  more  than  con- 
tradict Conley,  as  to  one  detail  of  his 
testimony.  The  evidence  of  these 
witnesses  was  consistent  with  the 
idea,  that  Frank  was  too  sly  in  his 
secret  vices  to  be  caught  up  with  by 
the  ordinary  employees  of  the  place. 
Jim  was  his  confidential  man,  and 
Jim  was  just  the  sort  of  negro  to 
keep  the  secret,  and  to  care  nothing 
about  the  sexual  practices  of  his  white 
boss. 

So  you  see  that  this  path  of  the 
defense  also  led  to  nothing:  it  did 
not  tend  to  clear  up  the  mysterj'  of 
Mary  Phagan's  death,  in  Frank's 
house.,  shortly  after  she  went  into  his 
possession. 

The  third  line  of  the  defense  con- 
sisted of  scientific  testimony  as  to  the 


cabbage  in  the  girl's  stomach,'  and  the 
blood  on  her  person. 

An  incredible  amount. of  time  was 
devoted  to  this  point ;  and  the  law- 
yers of  Frank  really  appeared  to  at- 
tach tremendous  importance  to  it. 

Doctor  after  doctor  gave  the  most 
learned  and  exhaustive  dissertations 
on  the  digesti])ility  of  cabbage:  and 
doctor  after  doctor  uttered  wisdom, 
on  the  possibility  of  ascertaining,  from 
the  examination  of  a  woman's  corpse, 
whether  she  had  suft'ered  sexual  vio- 
lence before  she  died. 

Can  you  not  see  at  a  ghmce  how 
futile  all  this  sort  of  tiling  was? 
There  was  no  dispute  about  the  girPs 
going  into  Frank's  possession,  soon 
after  she  ate  her  dinner;  there  was 
no  dispute  that  somebody  murdered 
her,  in  Frank's  own  house,  almost  im- 
mediately after  she  entered  it ;  and 
nobody  was  being  prosecuted  for  any 
other  crime  than  murder! 

Frank  was  not  being  tried  for 
rape,  nor  sodomy,  nor  adultery.  He 
was  being  tried  for  THE  MURDER 
OF  MARY  P  HAG  AN,  who  was  found 
dead,  hij  violence,  IN  HIS  HOUSE, 
shortly  following  her  coming  into  his 
possession. 

He  admitted  the  possession;  fixed 
the  time  by  his  own  clock:  and  made 
false  statements  as  to  his  then  where- 
abouts; consequently  the  scientific  tes- 
timony concerning  the  contents  of  the 
girVs  stomach,  and  the  condition  of 
her  vagina,  was  almost  ludicrously 
unimportant. 

That  laborious  path  led  nowhere, 
for  the  simple  reason  that  it  threw  no 
light  on  the  question  in  the  case — that 
question  being,  "TFAo  fastened  the 
cruel  cord  around  the  child's  neck, 
and  choked  her  to  death  f 

The  astounding  fact  to  be  learned 
from  this  official  Brief  of  Evidence 
is,  it  fails  to  show  that  defendant'^s 
lawyers  had  any  consistent  theory 
as  to  who  committed  the  crime.  AND 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


285 


WHERE.  I  never  saw  such  an  in- 
stance of  water-muddying,  and  beat- 
ing about  the  bush.  At  no  pivotal 
point  (lid  Frank's  attorneys  grapple 
with  the  facts.  You  search  in  vain  to 
find  how  they  expected  to  show  the 
jury  that  Mary  Phagan  came  out  of 
Frank's  possession  safely,  after  she 
came  in,  next  to  Hattie  Hall,  and  was 
followed  so  closely  by  Monteen  Stover. 
The  jury  could  see — as  you  do — that, 
had  she  gone  on  down  stairs,  as  Frank 
said  she  did,  "at  12:05,  or  12:10,  or 
maybe  12:07,"  she  would  have  met 
Monteen;  and  that  the  negro,  at  the 
foot  of  the  stairs,  could  not  have  done 
what  icas  done  to  her,  without  being 
ta/icn  in  the  act,  hy  the  other  white 
girl. 

When  Frank  told  the  jury  he  must 
have  been  at  the  toilet  during  the 
five  minutes  that  Monteen  waited,  the 
jury  must  have  felt  the  cold  chills 
run  up  their  spines,  for  the  jury  knew 
that  Mary  had  not  "unconsciously" 
gone  to  the  toilet,  at  the  same  time 
Frank  did! 

What  the  doomed  man,  and  his 
bewildered  lawyers  failed  to  see  was 
this: 

It  was  just  as  necessary  for  him  to 
explain  WHERE  MARY  WAS,  while 
Monteen  waited,  as  to  explain  HIS 
OWN  DISAPPEARANCE,  at  that 
fatal  time. 

Frank's  repeated  statements  en- 
trapped him  beyond  escape.  He  said, 
again  and  again,  that  Mary  came  next 
to  Hattie  Hall,  and  he  did  not  mention 
Monteenh  coming  at  all.  This  proved 
to  the  jury  that  he  did  not  know  of 
Monteen's  coming.  And  he  would 
have  known  it,  had  he  been  in  his 
office,  when  he  said  he  was.  Now, 
as  he  had  (in  ignorance  of  Monteen's 
visit)  placed  both  Mary  and  himself 
in  his  office — while  Monteen  waited — 
he  had  deliberately  and  repeatedly 
lied  as  to  Mary's  whereabouts,  as  well 
as  his  own.     He  might  have  "uncon- 


sciously" gone  to  the  toilet.  Very 
well;  hut  where  did  Mary  go? 

Her  hair,  and  her  blood,  and  the 
only  possible  explanation  of  the 
wounds— the  swollen  eye  in  front,  and 
the  scalp  cut  on  the  back  of  the  head, 
ranging  from  down  upward — were 
all  back  there  at  the  metal  depart- 
ment, where  the  toilet  was. 

Infatuated  young  degenerate!  To 
escape  Monteen's  evidence,  and  to 
explain  his  absence  from  his  office,  he 
supposed  himself  to  have  gone,  "un- 
consciously," to  the  only  place  in  his 
house  where  there  were  damning  evi- 
dences of  the  crime. 

Ask  the  finest  criminal  lawyer  of 
your  acquaintance,  if  he  ever  knew  of 
a  great  case  of  circumstantial  evidence, 
where  the  defendant  was  not  con- 
victed hy  something  which  HE  said, 
or  did.  It  happens  so,  almost  invari- 
ably. Guilt  cannot  talk,  or  be  mute; 
move,  or  stand  still,  without  revealing 
the  difference  between  the  slush  and 
the  snow;  the  crystal  fount,  and  the 
turbid  stream.  God  so  made  the 
world   that  truths  p:   lies   never   do. 

No  innocent  man  ever  pretended 
not  to  know  a  murdered  person  with 
whom  he  had  been  in  daily  contact, 
for  a  year;  with  whom  he  had 
familiarly  conversed,  and  upon  whom 
he  had  put  his  hands:  and  no  guilty 
man  ever  took  hold  of  the  upraised 
arms  of  his  victim,  crossed  them 
decently  over  her  bosom,  and  then 
bore  her  away  from  the  scene  of  the 
crime. 

When  the  defendant  made  his  ex- 
traordinary motion  for  a  new  trial 
(the  Supreme  Court  having  unani- 
mously refused  to  grant  a  re-hearing 
on  his  regular  motion  for  a  new  trial) 
there  was  developed  the  most  amaz- 
ing series  of  operations,  conducted  by 
the  W.  J.  Burns  Agency,  and  by  C. 
AV.  Burke,  private  detective  of  Gov- 
ernor Slaton's  law-firm. 

Practically  all  of  the  employees  of 


286 


WATSON'S  ]\IAGAZINE. 


the  pencil  factory,  whose  testimony 
had  made  out  the  State's  case,  were 
either  threatened,  or  ottered  money, 
to  change  their  evidence. 

Much  of  this  foul  work  was  done  in 
the  private  office  of  Governor  Slaton. 
His  detective,  l^nrke,  using  the  assumed 
name  of  Kelley,  tampered  with  George 
Eppes,  and  took  him  to  Birmingham. 
Albert  McKnight  was  tempted  with 
money,  and  with  otters  of  employ- 
ment at  high  wages.  Burns  tried  to 
get  him  to  swear,  that  some  injuries 
he  had  received  in  a  railroad  accident 
were  caused  by  a  beating  given  Albert 
by  the  Atlanta  detectives. 

The  work-girls  were  oti'ered  money 
to  make  affidavits  contradicting  the 
evidence  given  at  the  trial. 

Carrie  Smith  was  threatened  by 
Burke  with  the  exposure  of  alleged 
misconduct,  if  she  did  not  come  across, 
and  make  the  statement  Burke  de- 
sired. The  girl,  being  innocent,  defed 
Governor  Slaton'' s  detective! 

Burns  kept  an  Atlanta  negro,  Aaron 
Allen,  several  days  in  Chicago,  talk- 
ing to  him  daily,  and  having  Burns' 
underlings  talk  to  him;  and  they  were 
assisted  by  Jacob  Jacobs.  They 
wanted  the  negro  to  swear  that  Con- 
ley  had  confessed  that  he  alone  com- 
mitted the  murder.  One  day,  in  Chi- 
cago, Allen  was  ushered  into  a  room 
of  the  Burns  suite  of  offices;  where 
somehody  had  left  on  the  table  a 
large  pile  of  money^  golci?  silver,  and 
greenbacks.  The  negro  was  too  wary 
to  touch  it. 

Marie  Karst  testified  that  Burke 
and  Lemmie  Quinn  came  out  to  her 
home,  and  "Lemmie  set  up  to  drinks," 
and  Burke  talked  to  her.  Wanted  her 
to  come  to  the  office  of  Kosser,  Bran- 
don, Slaton  &  Phillips.  "I  didn't  go." 
Then  Burke  met  her  on  the  street, 
and  offered  to  employ  her  to  work 
for  him.  Gave  her  $2  a  day  for  work- 
ing in  the  afternoons.  "Burke  wanted 
me  to  go  around  and  see  the  girls  who 
had  sworn  for  the  State  in  the  Frank 


trial  .  .  .  and  see  if  they  would  not 
change   their  evidence. 

"He  told  me  that  what  I  swore  to 
did  not  bind  me,  because  I  was  not 
cross-examined,  and  said  it  was  not 
recorded. 

"I  saw  several  of  the  girls,  and  they 
told  mo  they  would  not  change  their 
evidence,  because  what  they  swore  to 
was  true. 

"Burke  wanted  me  to  see  Monteen 
Stover,  and  talk  with  her,  and  see  if 
I  couldn't  get  her  to  change  her  evi- 
dence. 

"Ho  wantea  me  to  go  down  and 
live  with  Monteen,  and  'pick'  her.  My 
mother  refused  to  let  me  do  it,  aiid" 
Avould  not  let  me  work  for  Burke  any 
more. 

"/  met  Burke.,  and  talked  with  him,. 
in  THE  PRIVATE  OFFICE  OF 
VOVERNOR  JOHN  M.  SLATOX:' 

Mrs.  Cora  Falta  testified  that  she 
had  been  working  at  the  factory  five- 
years. 

"On  Monday,  April  26,  1913,  we 
were  all  at  work,  and  Magnolia  Ken- 
nedy came  running  into  the  room,  and' 
said:  'TFe  have  found  some  of  Mary''s 
hair  on  the  lathe  machine!''  We  all' 
quit  work,  and  went  there  and  looked' 
at  it." 

(Remember,  that  no  one,  at  this 
time,  suspected  Leo  Frank.) 

R.  L.  Craven  swore  that  he  heard 
J.  N.  Starnes  urge  Minola  McKnight 
to  tell  something  favorable  to  Frank,. 
if  she  could,  because  they  would  rather 
learn  something  in  his  favor  than 
something  against  him;  and,  in  the 
presence  of  Minola's  husband,  and' 
her  lawyer,  Starnes  told  the  woman 
not  to  swear  to  her  statement  unless- 
it  was  true. 

This  statement  of  Minola  was  in 
reference  to  Frank'^s  heing  di^nk  dur- 
ing the  night  after  the  crime;  his 
wife  sleeping  on  the  rug  on  the  floor; 
and  his  calling  for  his  pistol  to  kill 
himself.    After  these  exhortations,  the- 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


287 


■woman  swore  to  the  statement,  and 
signed  it. 

Mrs.  Carrie  Smith  swore  that  she 
was  offered  $20  to  sign  an  affidavit 
favorable  to  Frank.  She  had  worked 
three  A^ears  at  the  factory,  and  knew 
Frank's  character  was  bad.  The  man, 
Maddox,  who  wanted  lier  to  change 
her  evidence,  was  in  Governor  Slaton's 
private  office,  in  the  Grant  building, 
when  she  went  there  to  see  Marie 
Karst. 

Mrs.  ]\Iaggie  Nash  (formerly  Grif- 
fin) swore  to  the  efforts  of  Burns  to 
(jet  he)'  to  change  her  evidence  as  to 
Frank^s  had  character,  and  Frank'' s 
going  into  the  private  room,  on  the 
fourth  floor,  with  a  forelady.  She 
told  Burns  he  might  try  one  hundred 
years  to  change  her  evidence,  but  she 
would  never  do  it,  because  it  was  the 
truth. 

Ruth  Robinson  swore  that  she  had 
known  Mary  Phagan  as  a  little  girl, 
in  Cobb  County;  and  that  she  had 
seen  Frank  at  Mary''s  7nachine,  several 
times  a  day,  talking  to  her,  and  call- 
ing her  ''''Mary,''''  when  it  was  not 
necessary  from  any  business  reason. 
"Mary  had  worked  there  a  good,  long 
time,    and    understood    her    business." 

"Sometimes  Frank  would  remain  at 
Mary's  machine  fifteen  or  twenty  min- 
utes. I  never  saw  him  show  that 
much  attention  to  the  work  of  the 
other  girls  on  that  floor.  I  have  seen 
Frank,  in  showing  Mary  about  her 
work,  take  hold  of  her  hands,  and 
hold  them.  Frank's  visits  to  Mary, 
and  talks  with  her,  and  assistance 
given  her,  hecame  more  and  more  fre- 
quent. 

"The  very  last  day  I  worked  there, 
T  saw  Frank  talking  to  Mary.  / 
heard  him  call  her  'Mary.'' 

"The  said  Leo  Frank  undertook  to 
give  me  seven  dollars,  when  he  knew 
I  was  not  entitled  to  the  money,  and 
he  endeavored  to  have  an  assignation 
with  me,  some  time  the  next  week. 
This  occurred  in  his  office." 


Miss  Nellie  Pettis  made  affidavit 
to  the  ell'orts  of  Frank's  detectives, 
and  lawyers,  to  change  her  evidence; 
but  she  reiterated  with  emphasis  that 
Frank  had  insulted  her  in  his  office, 
by  making  an  indecent  proposition 
which  she  indignantly  rejected — fol^ 
lowing  which  she  left  his  office  and 
employment. 

Mrs.  Mamie  Edmunds  (formerly 
Kitchens)  swore  that  when  Frank, 
without  knocking,  would  open  the 
door  of  the  ladies'  private  dressing 
room,  and  see  girls  in  there  partly 
dressed,  she  thought  it  would  have 
been  as  little  as  he  could  have  done  to 
say,  "Excuse  me,  ladies,"  and  go 
away.  But  instead  of  doing  so,  "he 
would  stand  m  the  door,  and  laughed 
or  grinned.  I  don't  know  when  a 
Jew  is  laughing,  or  when  he  is  grin- 
ning; but  he  stood  there,  and  made 
no  ert'ort  to  move." 

"Miss  Jackson  exclaimed,  'We  are 
dressing,  blame  it!'  and  then  he  shut 
the  door  and  disappeared." 

C.  W.  Burke  tried  to  persuade  wit- 
ness that  1^'rank's  conduct  was  all 
right,  and  urged  her  to  sign  a  paper 
to  that  effect. 

"I  took  Burke's  word  for  what  tlie 
papers  contained.  I  did  not  tell 
Burke  anything  different  from  what  1 
have  sworn  before." 

C.  B.  Dalton  swore  that  Burke 
offered  him  $100  to  sign  a  paper,  "to 
be  used  before  the  Pardon  Board,  to 
keep  Frank  from  hanging."  He  said 
he  went  to  Dublin,  Ga.,  to  do  some 
work  for  a  bank,  and  two  Jews  came 
to  h'lm  and  offered  him  $400  to  leave 
the  State.  They  came  to  him  several 
times,  and  renewed  the  offer,  stating 
that  they  meant  to  get  Frank  a  new 
tried. 

"I  have,  on  several  visits  to  Frank's 
(  ffice.  seen  girls  there.  Have  seen  him 
play  with  them,  hug  them,  kiss  them, 
iind  pinch  them.  I  saw  him,  on  sev- 
eral occasions,  take  a  girl  and  go  back 
of  the  room  where  the  dressing  room 


288 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


is.  On  one  occasion,  Frank  had  six 
bottles  of  beer,  and  I  caried  three 
more  to  his  ofiice.  Frank  told  Dalton 
he  needn't  rent  a  room;  to  take  Daisy 
Hopkins  to  the  basement,  where  there 
was  a  cot.  ''I  used  this  cot  with 
Daisy  Hopkins  half  a  dozen  times." 

Helen  Ferguson  swore  that  Jimmie 
Wren,  who  worked  for  C.  W.  Burke, 
offered  her  $100,  if  she  would  leave 
Atlayita.  Frank  was  going  to  get  a 
new  trial,  and  her  hoard  and  all  ex- 
penses would  be  paid  while  she  was 
out  of  the  State.  She  said  that  Wrenn 
made  violent  love  to  her,  and  tried  to 
persuade  her  to  marry  him!  He  took 
her  up  to  the  Grant  building,  and  in- 
troduced her  to  his  "father." 

"Jimmie  made  love  to  me,  and  said 
he  wanted  to  marry  me,  hut  wanted 
me  to  sign  an  affidavit  first.'''' 

They  were  worlring  on  the  girl  to 
get  her  to  repudiate  her  statement, 
that  Frank  had  refused  to  give  her 
Mary's  pay  envelope. 

It  was  this  refusal,  on  Friday  eve- 
ning, to  give  Helen  the  $1.20  due  to 
Mary,  that  compelled  the  girl  to  go 
to  Frank  herself  for  it,  next  day. 

Burns,  Burke,  and  Wrenn  were 
working  desperately,  us'ing  John  M. 
Slaton/s  private  office,  to  get  out  of 
their  way  the  evidence  which  tended 
to  show  that  Frank  deliberately  laid 
a  trap  for  Mary  Phagan. 

It  was  not  until  several  weeks  after 
Jimmy  Wrenn  introduced  Helen  Fer- 
guson to  his  "father,"  in  Governor 
Slaton''s  private  office.,  that  she  dis- 
covered that  Jimmy^s  '"'' father''''  was 
the  unscrupulous  scoundrel,  C.  W. 
Burke,  who  was  worlring  for  the  firm 
of  Rosser,  Brandon,  Slaton  &  Phil- 
lips, and  trying,  in  the  interest  of  this 
law-firm,  to  criminally  defeat  Law 
and  Justice. 

Miss  Nellie  Wood  gave  testimony 
which  corroborated  Conley  in  a  most 
remarkable  manner.     She  said: 

"I  told  the  Solicitor  before  he  put 
me  on  the  stand,  that  I   was  in  the 


office  of  Leo  Frank  on  one  occasion, 
when  the  said  Frank  made  an  indecent 
proposal  to  me.  My  experience  as  a 
trained  nurse  enahled  me  to  fully  un- 
derstand and  know  what  Frank  in- 
tended. 

••He  said,  'You  know,  /  am  not  like 
other  people.''  and.  drawing  his  chair 
closer  up  to  me,  says,  'I  don't  think 
j^ou  understand  me,'  and  put  his  hands 
on  me:  and  I  resisted,  and  got  up  and 
opened  the  door,"  etc. 

Frank's  detectives  endeavored  to 
secure  from  this  witness  a  statement 
that  would  negative  her  former  evi- 
dence; but,  as  in  every  other  instance, 
they  fell  short  of  success. 

Two  white  men — (iraham  and  Til- 
lander — made  affidavit  that  they  went 
to  the  pencil  factory,  Saturday.  April 
26th,  between  11  and  12  o'clock;  and 
that  they  saw  a  negro  seated  near  the 
foot  of  the  stairs.  Being  unacquainted 
with  the  interior  of  the  building,  each 
of  these  men  asked  the  negro  where 
the  office  was  located,  and  he  directed 
them  to  it.  If  the  negro  was  drunk, 
these  men  didn't  notice  it. 

Mrs.  Hattie  Waites  made  an  affi- 
davit to  the  fact  that,  on  Saturday 
morning.  April  26th.  between  10  and 
11  o'clock,  she  saw  a  white  man  and 
a  negro  talking  together  on  the  street, 
near  Montag's  place  of  business.  She 
afterwards  recognized  Frank  as  the 
white  man,  and  Conley  as  the  negro. 

The  most  abominable  a'ttempt  to 
manufacture  evidence  was  made  while 
Conley  was  in  jail,  awaiting  trial.  A 
white  convict,  George  Wrenn — who 
had  stolen  $30,000  worth  of  diamonds, 
but  who  was  nevertheless  a  "trusty" 
in  the  prison — was  the  instrument 
used  by  the  Frank  detectives. 

He.  in  turn,  employed  a  negro 
woman,  Annie  Maud  Carter,  a  notori- 
ously low  character.  Wrenn  coached 
this  black  strumpet,  and  put  her  into 
Conley 's  cell,  to  entice  him  into  com- 
mitting  the   unnatural   act   with   her. 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


289 


They  wanted  to  show  that  it  was 
Conley  who  was  the  sodomist. 

"Mr.  Gillem  (a  prison  oificial)  told 
me  he  would  give  me  $2.00  if  I  would 
go  in  there  and  see  Jim  Conley. 
George  Wrenn  wrote  a  letter,  and 
gave  it  to  me,  and  he  said,  'Yon  give 
it  to  Jim  Conley,  and  tell  him  it  just 
came  in  through  the  mail.' 

"Gillem    said    to    me,    that    Conley 

was  a  (a  most  nasty  term  for 

sodomite)  and  said,  *I  just  want  to 
see  if  he  will  fool  with  you  with  his 
—  (the  rest  is  too  obscene  to  print).  I 
have  asked  Conley,  and  he  said  he 
would  never  do  a  thing  like  that;  said 

he   had   never   done  except   in 

the  natural  way. 

"The  first  Sunday  in  December,  a 
Jew  came  up — Mr.  Pappenheim  was  _ 
there,  too" — and  the  woman  went  on 
to  tell  how  the  Jew  told  her  she  could 
make  a  pot  of  money,  and  get  rich 
quick,  if  she  would  put  something  in 
Jim  Conley's  victuals ! 

The  Jew  said  to  the  negress — 

"I  want  you  to  take  this  little  vial, 
and  put  a  drop  in  his  food,  and  give 
it  to  him." 

When  the  negress  recoiled  from  the 
Jew's  offer,  he  said  to  her,  "You're  a 
d — d  fool,"  and  walked  off. 

"I  don't  Ivnow  his  name,  but  he 
comes  up  here"  (where  Frank  and 
Conley  were  imprisoned)  '"''with  the 
Klein  hoys.  He  has  black  hair,  and 
his  hair  stands  up,  and  his  hat  is 
pulled  to  one  side." 

The  detectives  not  only  tried  to  get 
the  Carter  woman  to  inveigle  Conley 
into  the  unnatural  vice  of  which 
Frank  was  accused,  but  endeavored  to 
get  up  a  marriage  between  the  two ! 

Conley  and  the  woman  both  swore 
that  their  letters  had  been  changed, 
and  that  the  unprintable  filth  put  in 
them,  had  been  forged. 

Forged  time-slips  against  Newt  Lee ! 
Forged  bloody  shirt  against  Lee ! 
Forged  affidavits  against  the  girls ! 
Forced     letter     of     the     dead     Judge 


Roan !  Forged  letters  of  a  couple  of 
negroes ! 

The  Avhole  case  of  the  defense 
reeked  with  fraud,  bribery,  perjury, 
and  forgery. 

Never  in  the  world  was  there  a 
more  infamous  episode  than  which 
followed  the  organization  of  the 
Haas  Finance  Committee,  after  the 
legitimate  litigation  in  this  case  had 
ended. 

Having  lost  at  every  point  in  the 
legal  contest,  the  Haas  Finance  Com- 
mittee was  appointed  for  no  other 
purpose  than  to  defeat  Law  and  Jus- 
tice, hy  unparalleled  and  illegitimate 
means. 

It  is  almost  miraculous  that  the  in- 
domitable Solicitor,  Hugh  Dorsey, 
was  able  to  defeat  the  Haas  Commit- 
tee, defeat  the  detectives  of  Governor 
Slaton's  firm,  and  defeat  the  criminals 
of  the  Burns  "Detective"  Agency — a 
villainous  gang  whose  work  consists  of 
just  such  attempts  to  bribe  witnesses, 
as  was  seen  in  their  manipulations  of 
the  Frank  case. 

With  the  following,  clipped  from 
current  news  reports  in  Atlanta,  I 
close  the  review  of  the  corrupt  prac- 
tices used  in  the  extraordinary  mo- 
tion for  new  trial: 

Atlanta,  Ga.,  Jan.  28. — The  Rev.  C.  B. 
Ragsdale,  formerly  pastor  of  a  local 
church,  today  testified  he  was  paid  $200 
for  signing  a  false  affidavit  in  connection 
with  the  Leo  M.  Frank  case.  Mr.  Ragsdale 
was  the  first  witness  in  the  trial  of  Dan  S. 
Lehon,  soutiiern  manager  of  the  William 
J.  Burns  National  Detective  Agency;  Ar- 
thur Thurman,  a  lawyer,  and  C.  C.  Ted- 
der, a  former  policeman,  who  are  charged 
with  subordination  of  perjury.  It  is 
alleged  they  procured  false  affidavits  from 
Ragsdale  and  R.  L.  Barber  shortly  after 
Frank's  extraordinary  motion  for  a  new 
trial  was  filed. 

In  the  affidavits  Ragsdale  and  Barber 
declared  they  overhard  James  Cor  ley,  a 
negro,  tell  another  negro  that  he  had 
killed  a  girl  in  the  factory  where  Mary 
Phagan  was  murdered. 

The  former  pastor  still  was  on  the  wit- 
ness stand  when  court  adjourned  for  the 


290 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


day.  He  testified  to  alleged  meetings  with 
the  defendants  when  he  said  the  affidavit 
was  discussed,  describing  the  signing  of 
the  document  in  the  office  of  Luther  Z. 
Rosser,  who  was  one  of  Frank's  principal 
counsel,  and  told  of  the  alleged  payment 
of  the  money  later.  He  added  that  the 
night  he  received  the  money  "a  man  rode 
up  to  my  house  on  a  motorcycle  and  told 
my  sons  to  tell  their  father  not  to  say  any- 
thing to  anybody  unless  it  was  a  Burns 
man." 

By  the  skin  of  his  teeth,  Lehon 
escaped  conviction,  because  the  State 
was  not  able  to  trace  the  payment  of 
the  $200  cUreethj  to  him,  beyond  a 
reasonable  doubt.  At  least,  that  is 
the  most  charitable  view  to  take  of 
the  verdict.  Some  man,  or  men,  on 
the  panel  may  have  suspected  that  the 
$200  fell  out  of  the  moon,  and  just 
accidentally  dropped  into  Ragsdale's 
pocket. 

But  you  Avill  have  no  doubts  as  to 
who  hired,  and  paid,  Ragsdale  to 
swear  that  he  had  overheard  Conley 
confess,  because  you  have  already  seen 
how  Burns  had  vainly  tried  to  bribe 
Aaron  Allen,  in  Chicago;  and  how 
they  had  tried  to  bribe  the  white  girls, 
and  how  they  tried  to  bribe  R.  P. 
Barrett,  and  Albert  McKnight:  and 
how  they  tried  to  use  Annie  Maud 
Carter. 

Decidedly,  it  is  the  blackest  record 
of  systematic  effort  to  save  the  guilty, 
destroy  the  innocent,  debauch  wit- 
nesses, manufacture  evidence,  and 
create  a  public  sentiment  in  favor  of 
a  fictitious  case,  AGAINST  THE 
REAL  ONE,  that  ever  has  been 
known  in  the  New  World. 

The  Appellate  Court  of  New  York 
— the  highest  tribunal  in  that  State — 
said,  in  the  Becker  case : 

Extensive  as  is  the  power  of  review 
vested  in  this  court  on  a  judgment  ot 
death,  the  law  does  not  intend  to  substi- 
tute the  cncUisions  of  fact,  wliich  mny 
be  fliawn  by  seven  jud'-es.  frr  the  conclu- 
sions of  the  fact  wliich  have  been  drawn 


from     the     evidence     by     twelve     jurors, 

unless  we  are  clear  that  the  view  of  the 
facts  taken  by  the  jury  is  wrong.  It  is 
our  duty  to  affirm,  if  the  trial  was  fair 
and  without  legal  error,  and  the  verdict 
was  not  u^ainst  the  weight  of  evidence. 
We  are  to  see  to  it  that  the  trial  was 
fair  and  that  there  was  suA'icieut  evi- 
dence witli  recofoiized  rules  of  law  to 
support  the  verdict.  This  done,  the  re- 
.si>on.sibility  for  the  result  rests  with  the 
jurors. 

Tiiat  is  good  law — good  wherever 
the  system  of  jury-trial  prevails. 

Our  Supreme  Court  reviewed  the 
evidence  in  the  Frank  case,  and  found 
it  "sufficient  to  support  the  verdict." 
(See  page  284,  141  Georgia  Reports.) 

The  Court  held  unanimously  that 
the  new^  evidence,  pretended  to  have 
been  discovered  after  the  verdict  had 
been  affirmed,  was  not  of  such  a  char- 
acter as  to  warrant  another  trial. 

The  United  States  Supreme  Court 
decided  that  Frank's  lawyers  had  not 
been  able  to  show  that  he  had  been 
denied  a  fair  trial,  or  deprived  of  any 
legal  right. 

Surely,  a  case  should  come  to  an 
end,  some  time.  Surely,  Frank's  case 
ought  to  have  ended  when  the  highest 
court  on  earth  said  the  verdict  must 
stand.  Surely,  his  own  lawyer,  Gov- 
ernor John  M.  Slaton,  had  no  legal 
right  to  annul  the  solemn  adjudica- 
tions of  the  supreme  heads  of  our 
judicial  system.  Surely,  the  Law 
never  meant  that  a  defendant'' s  own 
attorney  should  become  his  jury,  his  ' 
trial  judge,  and  his  reviewing  court. 

When  Slaton  comnnited  the  sen- 
tence of  his  client,  his  act  was  null 
and  void.     Time  could  not  validate  it. 

Frank  was  legally  under  sentence 
of  death  when  the  Vigilance  Commit- 
tee took  him  out,  and  hanged  him  by 
the  neck  until  he  was  dead. 

All  power  is  in  the  people.  Courts, 
juries,  sherili's,  governors  draw  their 
authority  from  this  original  source: 
when    the    constituted    authorities    are 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


291 


unable,  or  unwilling  to  protect  life, 
liberty,  and  property,  the  People 
must  assert  their  inherent  right  to 
do  so. 

Womanhood  must  not  be  left  at  the 
mercy  of  the  libertine:  the  Rich  must 
not  trample  upon  the  children  of  the 
Poor:  the  Jew  must  learn  to  distin- 
guish between  the  Midianite  and  the 
American. 

Prison  Commissions  and  Governors 
must  learn  that  it  is  dangerous  to 
usurp  power,  and  to  undo  the  official 
work,  done  legally  by  the  Judicial 
Department. 

In  Frank's  case,  all  legal  tribunals 
were  appealed  to,  by  the  best  of  law- 
yers; and  every  decision  was  against 
him.  They  had  to  be:  there  was  no 
escape  from  it. 

His  own  lawj'er  then  commuted  his 
sentence,  and  fled  the  State. 

The  Vigilance  Committee  took  the 
condemned  man  out  of  the  State 
Farm,  carried  him  almost  to  the  grav  •, 
of  his  little  victim,  and  hanged  him, 
in  accordance  with  the  sentence  which 
had  three  times  been  pronounced  from 
the  bench. 

It  was  a  long,  hard  fight,  and  the 
Law  won,  over  Big  Money. 

There  are  some  legal  trials  that  are 
more  than  mere  hiAV  cases. 

There  are  some  that  involve  a 
dynasty,  test  a  system,  and  throw 
light  upon  national  conditions. 

There  are  some  that  change  the 
course  of  events,  and  leave  their  effect, 
for  weal  or  woe,  upon  the  era  in 
which  they  are  tried. 

A  court-house  case,  in  France,  drag- 
ging into  it  a  king's  wife,  a  pope's 
cardinal,  and  a  corrupt  judicial  sys- 
tem, led  the  way  to  the  overthrow  of 
an  ancient  monarchy. 

A  court-house  case,  in  Virginia,  fol- 
lowed by  another,  in  Massachusetts, 
set  in  motion  the  ball  which  never 
ceased  to  roll  until  Thirteen  Colonies 
had     become     Thirteen     Independent 


States  —  the  eloquence  of  Patrick 
Henry,  and  of  James  Otis,  rather 
than  the  musket  in  the  Ohio  wilder- 
ness, being  the  shot  that  was  heard 
around  the  world. 

A  law-case  in  England,  rocked  the 
throne,  and  tested,  with  a  supreme 
severity,  the  strength  of  England's 
judicial  fabric. 

The  fabric  stood  the  test:  and  the 
vindicated  system,  which  would  not 
bend,  even  though  the  king  sought  to 
hend  it.,  filled  Englishmen  with  honest 
pride. 

It  was  the  great  case  where  George 
IV.  brought  to  bear  all  the  powers  of 
a  monarch  and  a  bad  mad,  to  crush 
one  friendless  woman  —  AND 
FAILED! 

Not  all  the  patronage  of  the  crown, 
not  all  the  money  of  the  Secret  Ser- 
vice, not  all  the  clamor  of  place- 
holders, place-seekers,  time-servers, 
court  sycophants,  and  unscrupulous 
politicians,  could  hend  the  Law  of 
Great  Britain. 

Personally  weak  and  without 
friends,  the  foreign  princess  who  had 
married  the  king,  saw  a  host  of  de- 
termined supporters  come  to  her  re- 
lief, when  English  ministers  sought 
to  use  the  LaAV,  as  the  instrument  of 
a  had  man. 

When  the  long  legal  combat  drew 
toward  its  close,  and  Lord  Brougham 
had  brought  to  shame  and  defeat  the 
crowned  libertine,  we  are  told  that  a 
scene  of  indescribable  excitement  took 
place  in  the  House  of  Lords — the  high 
court  which  had  tried  the  case. 

The  Prime  Minister  rose  to  "with- 
draw the  bill,"  equivalent  to  quashing 
the  indictment  against  the  persecuted 
woman. 

"Cheers  loud  and  long  rose  from 
the  opposiiton  benches" — where  sat 
the  champions  of  the  Law. 

"But  the  House  hushed  to  silence, 
when  the  venerable  Erskme  arose, 
with  eyes  aflame" — Erskine.  the  in- 
domitable lawyer  who  had  fought  so 


292 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


hard,   so   long,   and   so   triumphantly, 
to  vindicate  the  jury  system, 

"My  lords,"  he  said,  and  his  voice 
rang  out  with  the  clear  tone  that  had 
entranced  the  tribunals  of  thirty  years 
before — • 

"My  lords,  I  am  an  old  man,  and 
my  life,  for  good  or  evil,  has  been 
passed  under  the  sacred  rule  of  the 
law. 

"In  this  moment,  I  feel  my  strength 
renovated  and  repaired  by  that  rule 
being  restored — the  accursed  change 
wherewithal  we  have  been  menaced, 
has  passed  over  our  heads — there  is 
an  end  of  that  horrid  and  portentious 
excressence  of  a  new  law,  retrosf-ec- 
tive,  and  iniquitous — a)id  the  consti- 
tution and  scheme  of  our  polity  is 
once  more  safe. 

"My  heart  is  too  full  of  the  escape 
we  have  just  had,  to  let  me  do  more 
than  praise  the  blessings  of  the  sys- 
tem we  have  regained,"  a  system  of 
which  Hooker,  in  his  great  work  on 
Ecclesiastical  Polity,  said — 

"Of  Law  there  can  be  no  less 
acknowledged  than  that  her  seat  is 
the  bosom  of  God:  her  voice  is  the 
harmony  of  the  world;  all  things  in 
heaven  and  on  earth  do  her  homage. 
the  very  least  as  feeling  her  care, 
and  the  greatest  as  not  exempt  from 
her  power. 

"Both  angels  and  men,  and  crea- 
tures of  what  condition  soever  .  .  . 
admiring  her  as  the  mother  of  their 
peace  and  joy.'  " 

"There  was  silence  as  the  silvery 
voice  ceased.  It  was  as  if  men  wished 
to  hear  the  last  echo  of  those  won- 
drous accents.  Then  broke  out  a  cheer, 
•such  as  was  never  before  heard  in 
that  august  assembly." 

The  Law  had  won!  against  the 
licentious  king;  against  the  truckling 
ministers;  against  the  servile  aristo- 
crats; against  the  detectives  of  the 
secret  service,  and  the  hirelings  of  the 
reptile  press: 

Yea,  by  the  living   God!   the  Law 


had  won !  and  all  men  in  England, 
all  women  in  England,  all  children  in 
England,  ^VP:RE  SAFER  FROM 
THAT  HOUR,  when  the  grand  old 
lawyer  rose,  with  full  heart  and 
flashing  eyes,  to  quote  the  words  of 
the  grand  old  preacher,  whose  tribute 
to  Law,  is  a  tribute  to  the  God  that 
inspired  the  Law. 

Have  the  children  of  Moses  the 
right  to  break  the  Sinai  tables? 

Do  they  deserve  death  when  they 
slay  Hebrews,  only? 

Is  there  some  unwritten  law,  which 
absolves  them,  when  their  victim  is  a 
Gentile? 

They  are  taught  in  their  Talmud 
that,  "As  man  is  superior  to  other 
animals,  so  are  the  Jews  superior  to 
all  other  men." 

Do  the  Hebrews  of  today  hold  to 
that,  in  their  heart  of  hearts? 

They  are  taught  by  their  great 
teacher,  Rabbana  Ashi,  that  "Those 
who  are  not  Jews,  are  dogs  and 
asses." 

Are  the  Hebrews  true  to  Talmud, 
and  to  their  learned  Rabbana? 

Was  Mary  Phagan — the  Irish  girl 
— legitimate  spoil  for  the  descendant 
of  those  who  divided  among  them- 
selves the  daughters  of  the  Midian- 
ite? 

Is  there  a  secret  tenet  of  tlieir  re- 
ligion, which  compels  the  entire  race 
to  combine  to  save  the  neck  of  sucli  n 
loathsome   degenerate   as  Leo   Frank? 

They  did  not  waste  a  dollar,  nor  a 
day,  on  the  Jews  who  were  electro- 
cuted for  shooting  Rosenthal:  was  it 
because  Rosenthal  was  a  Jew? 

If  the  victim  in  that  case  had  been 
an  Irishman,  would  there  have  been  a 
Haas  Finance  Committee?  a  nation- 
wide distribution  of  lying  circulars? 
a  flying  column  of  mendacious  detec- 
tives? a  constantly  increasing  supply 
of  political  lawyers?  the  muzzling  of 
daily  papers?  an  attempt  to  enlist  the 
jSTorthern    school-children.    Peace    So- 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


293 


cieties,    and    Anti -Capital-Punishment 
leagues? 

Money  talks;  and  m  this  Frank- 
case,  money  talked  as  loudly,  and  as 
resourcefully,  as  though  Baron 
Hirsch's  $45,000,000  Hebrew  Fund 
had  been  copiously  poured  into  the 
campaign. 

Like  Thomas  Erskine,  I  am  noth- 
ing but  an  old  lawyer,  no  longer  in- 
clined to  the  hot  combat  of  the  arena 
where  I  once  loved  to  light;  but  I'm 
not  too  old  to  make  a  stand  for  the 
Law ;  for  the  integi'it}^  of  the  system 
which  our  fathers  handed  down  to 
us;  and  for  the  inflexible  Justice,  in 
whose  scales  the  murder  of  one  little 
factory  girl  weighs  as  heavily,  as 
though  she  had  been  the  daughter  of 
Rothschild. 

Let  the  Jews  of  Georgia,  and  else- 
where, look  to  it. 

They  are  putting  themselves  on 
trial;  and,  if  they  continue  the  malig- 
nant crusade  which  they  have  been 
waging,  by  libels  and  cartoons, 
against  a  State  which  has  never  done 
injustice  to  a  single  Jew,  they  will 
reap  the  whirlwind. 

//  Mary  Phagan  had  heen  a  rich 
man'^s  daughter,  and  Frank,  a  poor 
man's  son,  his  neck  would  have 
cracked,  a  year  ago! 

This  case  is  more  than  a  law  case. 
This  case  involves  the  honor  of  a 
State!  This  case  drags  the  judicial 
ermine  into  the  ditch.  This  case  is 
an  indictment  against  jury  trial.  This 
case  is  an  attack  upon  the  fortress 
of  the  Law.  This  case  pollutes  the 
holy  temple  of  Justice. 

There  never  were  such  foul  meth- 
ods used  to  besmirch  honest  men, 
mock  the  truthful  evidence,  gull  a 
generous  public,  and  defeat  the  very 
purposes  of  the  criminal  code. 

There  never  were  such  prodigious 
energies  put  forth  to  conceal  the 
Truth,  and  to  put  Falsehood  in  its 
place. 


In  the  whole  scope  of  American 
history,  no  such  campaign  of  abuse, 
of  misrepresentation,  of  deliberate 
fabrications,  and  systematic  elforts  to 
humbug  outsiders,  to  close  the  mouths 
of  editors,  to  corrupt  or  intimidate 
officials;  and  to  ^''get  axoay  with  it,^'' 
in  defiance  of  the  record,  the  verdict, 
and  the  decisions  of  the  courts. 

They  have  never  darned  TO  PUB- 
LISH  THE  EVIDENCE! 

It  is  a  peculiar  and  portentious 
thing,  that  one  race  of  men — and  one, 
only — should  be  able  to  convulse  the 
world,  by  a  system  of  newspaper  agi- 
tation and  suppression,  when  a  mem- 
ber of  that  race  is  convicted  of  a  tap- 
ital  crime  against  another  race. 

Does  anybody  in  this  country  know 
what  was  the  truth  about  Dreyfus, 
the  French  officer  who  was  convicted 
of  treason,  and,  at  first,  sentenced  to 
death  ? 

Nobody  does.  All  we  know  is,  what 
the  newspapers  told  us;  and  it  leaked 
out,  long  afterwards,  that  the  wife 
of  Dreyfus  abandoned  him,  as  soon  as 
he  was  turned  loose. 

Presumably,  she  was  a  Jewess;  but, 
like  the  other  Hebrew  champions  of 
Dreyfus,  she  dropped  him,  as  soon  as 
she  had  accomplished  her  purpose. 

One  of  the  Eothschild  banking 
houses  exerts  a  powerful  influence 
over  French  finances;  another  in 
Frankfort,  another  in  Vienna,  and 
another  in  London,  have  often  stood 
together  to  control  the  policies  of 
European  governments:  if  they  in- 
sisted upon  the  liberation  of  Dreyfus, 
the  French  Republic — beset  by  royal- 
ists, socialists,  and  clericals — was  in 
no  condition  to  resist  the  demand. 

The  peculiar  thing,  and  the  sinister 
thing,  is,  that  some  secret  organiza- 
tion existed  which  could  permeate  the 
whole  European  world,  and  the 
United  States,  also,  with  the  litera- 
ture which  clamored  for  Dreyfus. 

The     father     of     Dreyfus    was     an 


294 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


Alsatian  banker — a  Jew,  of  course — 
and  a  sijl)ject  of  the  Kaiser.  He  was 
a  cog  in  the  wheel  of  the  German  spy- 
system;  and  he  used  his  son,  the 
French  officer,  to  secure  for  the  Ber- 
lin Government,  the  military  secrets 
of  the  French  War  Office. 

France  had  not  then  formed  her 
defensive  alliance  with  Great  Britain, 
and  was  not  strong  enough  to  fully 
expose  Dreyfus,  and  the  Kaiser — thus 
precipitating  a  war.  The  French 
officer,  Ricard,  who  was  the  stanch 
champion  of  Dreyfus  in  every  one  of 
the  investigations,  turned  against  the 
Jew,  after  he  himself  was  given  a 
position  in  the  War  Office  and  learned 
the*  truth,  from  indubitable  docu- 
mentary evidence. 

The  Beiliss  case,  in  Russia,  was 
equally  remarkable,  in  its  progress 
and  its  end. 

A  Gentile  boy  was  found  dead,  with 
more  than  forty  small  incisions  in  his 
veins  and  arteries,  from  which  prac- 
tically every  drop  of  his  blood  hnf^ 
been  drawn — and  the  hlood  had  left 
no  marks,  any ic here. 

That  much  triclded  through  the 
newspapers  to  the  American  people, 
and  they  realized,  of  course,  that  here 
was  a  novelty  in  deliberate  and  atroci- 
ous crime. 

Beiliss,  a  Russian  Jew,  was  accused 
of  kidnapping  the  little  boy,  and 
emptying  his  blood-vessels  of  their 
contents,  in  order  that  it  might  be 
used  in  "a  religious  sacrifice." 

The  Russian  court  found  Beiliss 
guilty;  but,  apparently,  the  same 
mighty  engine  of  agitation,  and  sup- 
pression, that  had  worked  for  Drey- 
fus, was  put  in  motion  for  Beiliss. 

Mankind  was  told,  that  there  was 
no  such  thing  as  "blood  sacrifice'" 
among  Russian  Jews;  and  that  Beiliss 
was  the  victim  of  jungle  fury,  race 
hatred,  lynch  law,  &c.,  &c. 

In  the  meanwhile,  the  hysterical 
public  lost  sight  of  the  pallid  corpse 


of  the  Gentile  boy,  whose  veins  pre- 
sented the  pale  lips  of  forty- five  cuts, 
made  hy  a  sharp  instrument. 

Somebody  had  killed  the  lad — most 
deliberately,  most  cruelly — and  the 
Russian  courts,  in  full  possession  of 
the  facts,  declared  that  Beiliss  had 
done  it. 

But  the  American  people — not  know- 
ing the  facts,  and  totally  in  the  dark 
as  to  who  did  get  the  blood  out  of  the 
boy's  veins — were  excitedly  certain 
that  Beiliss  didn't. 

Consequently,  a  pressure  of  the 
same  peculiar  and  irresistible  sort  that 
had  saved  Dreyfus,  caused  Russia  to 
stay  her  uplifted  hand,  and  spare 
Beiliss. 

To  this  day,  the  Americans  who 
blindly,  hysterically  helped  to  put  thq 
pressure  on  the  Czar's  Government, 
have  no  idea  who  made  the  forty-five 
slits  in  the  blood-vessels  of  the  little 
boy;  and,  what's  more,  they  don't 
care. 

They  accomplished  their  emotional 
purpose,  blew  off  their  psychological 
steam,  and  then  forgot  all  about 
Beiliss,  and  the  boy. 

Is  there  such  a  thing  as  "blood  sac- 
rifice" in  Russia?  We  don't  know. 
Nobody  can  dogmatize  on  such  a  sub- 
ject. 

Even  in  our  own  country,  there  is  a 
blood  sacrifice,  practised  in  the  re- 
moter wilds  of  Arizona.  The  Indians 
who  practised  it,  welded  Christianity 
to  some  ancient  tribal  rite,  and 
adopted  the  custom  of  crucifying  an 
Indian,  as  Christ  was  crucified. 

When  I  see  Abraham  with  his 
knife  uplifted  over  the  breast  of  his 
boy;  and  when  I  see  Agamemnon 
covering  his  face  to  shut  out  the  sight 
of  the  priest  and  his  knife — about  to 
slay  the  Greek  king's  daughter;  and 
when  I  see  the  sacrifice  of  the  idolized 
girl  who  ran  out,  radiant  with  joy,  to 
greet  Jeptha  on  his  return  from  bat- 
tle— I  feel  myself  lost  in  doubt  as 
to  ichat  a   Russian  fanatic  might  do. 


Hidden  Factors  of  Service 


Records  kept  like^  this  are  practically 
useless  for  the  itianagement  of  a  busi- 
ness. Efficiency  is  impossible  and  funds 
for  improvement  cannot  be  obtained. 


Records,  statistics  and  accounts  kept 
like  this  are  available  for  a  complete 
knowledge  of  the  cost  and  efficiency  of 
each  department  of  the  business. 


y^-  J 


Such  methods  result  in  a  telephone  line 
which  can  give  only  poor  service. 


The  result  of  such  records  is  a  telephone 
'line  like  this,  which  gives  good  service. 


The  subscriber  knows  the  difference!     He  demands 
a  well-informed,  intelligent  business  management. 

^%,  American  Telephone  and  Telegraph  Company 

And  Associated   Companies 

One  Policy  One  System  Universal  Service 


296 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE. 


Let  all  this  be  as  it  may,  the  other 
races  of  men  must  "sit  up  and  take 
notice,"  if  the  repeated  campaigns  of 
this  Invisible  Power  seem  to  mean, 
that  Jews  are  to  be  exempt  from  pun- 
ishment for  capital  crimes,  when  the 
victim  is  a  Gentile. 

If  the  work  of  this  Invisible  Power 
has  been  substantially  the  same  in  a 
third  case,  as  in  the  other  two;  and 
this  third  case  is  that  of  Leo  Frank, 
then  the  Frank  case  assumes  a  nev 
aspect,  of  new  importance,  and  of 
formidable  portent. 

America  is  big  enough  to  be  "the 
melting  pot"  of  the  Old  World,  pro- 
vided the  metals  melt — otherwise,  it 
isn't. 

If  the  Jew  is  not  to  amalgamate 
and  be  assimilated;  if  all  the  very 
numerous  foreign  nationalities  that 
are  being  moved  over  into  this  coun- 
try are  to  retain  their  several  lan- 
guages, customs,  flags,  holidays,  ideas 
of  law,  education,  government,  etc., 
then  the  melting  pot  will  fail  to  fuse 
into  ore  another,  these  conflicting  ele- 
ments. 

In  such  a  case,  the  melting  pot  be- 
comes a  huge  bomb,  loaded  witli 
deadly  explosives. 

Has  the  menace  of  secret  organiza- 
tion,  of  an  Invisible  Power,  and  of 
cynical  defiance  of  law,  revealed  itself, 
in  the  Frank  case? 

Reflect  upon  it! 

Reflect  upon  it,  Avith  especial  refer- 
ence to  recent  announcements,  in 
metropolitan  dailies,  that  the  Jews 
mean  to  use  the  Baron  Hirsch 
Fund  of  $45,000,000  to  carve  out  a 
new  Zion  in  this  country.  From  all 
over  the  world,  the  Children  of  Israel 
are  flocking  to  this  country,  and  plans 
are  on  foot  to  move  them  from  Europe 
en  masse.  Poland,  Hungary,  Kussia. 
and  Germany  are  to  empty  upon  our 
shores  the  very  scum  and  dregs  of  the 
Parasite  Race. 

The  papers  state  that  the-  heads  of 
the    vast    Hebrew    societies    of    this 


Union  will  soon  "submit  a  proposition 
to  the  United  States  Government." 

AVhat?  The  subject  treat  with  the 
Sovereign  ? 

This  is  what  comes  of  unrestricted 
Immigration,  just  as  90  per  cent  of 
our  crimes  come  from  it. 

What  a  fine  illustration  of  Jewish 
arrogance  it  will  be,  if  such  Amer- 
ican citizens  as  Rabbi  Wise,  Nathan 
Straus,  Adolph  Ochs,  Joseph  Pulitzer, 
et  al.,  make  a  proposition  to  our  Gov- 
ernment, for  an  American  Zion,  the 
Jew  millionaires  negotiating  with  the 
Government  as  its  equals ! 

In  1813,  the  rich  Jews  compelled 
Congress  to  abrogate  the  Russian 
treaty,  as  a  rebuke  to  Russia,  for  her 
treatment  of  her  own  subjects. 

They  naturalized  a  German  Jew, 
Paul  Warburg,  and  placed  him  at 
the  head  of  our  new  Jew-made  finan- 
cial system. 

Meditate  upon  these  points: 

(1.)  Never  before  was  a  Jewish 
or  Gentile  Finance  Committee  organ- 
ized, and  funds  raised,  to  fight  a  case 
which  had  already  been  thrice  ad- 
judged by  a  State  Supreme  Court : 

(2.)  Never  before,  was  unlimited 
money  spent  in  publishing  lies  about 
an  official  record  which  was  accessible 
to  everybody,  and  which  itself  could 
have  been  laid  before  the  public  for 
less  money  than  the  lies  cost: 

(3.)  Never  before,  did  a  murder 
case,  tried  in  Georgia,  secure  an  ap- 
peal to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States: 

(4.)  Never  before,  did  any  defen- 
dant employ  so  many  lawyers,  in  so 
many  different  cities,  as  were  em- 
ployed for  this  degenerate  Jew: 

(5.)  Never  before,  were  the  At- 
lanta papers,  the  Hearst  papers,  and 
the  Jew  papers  so  doggedly  deter- 
mined that  the  public  should  not  have 
a  chance  to  learn  what  was  the  evi- 
dence, upon  which  the  Jew  had  been 
legally  convicted. 

(6.)     Never  before  did  a  criminal's 


WATSON'S  MAGAZINE.                                   297 

own  liiwver,  holding  tlie  office  of  Gov-  Supreme    Court    of    the    Union    said 

ernor,  defy  and  reverse  all  the  courts,  must  die,   ana  whom   Superior   Court 

and  virtually  pardon  his  own  client.  judges  had,   three   times,  sentenced   to 

(7.)      Never    before    did    the    Jew  bo  hanged, 

papers,   and    the    Hearst    papers,    so  When    the    Jews,    and    the    Hearst 

provoke  a  State,  as  to  insolently  de-  papers,  are  especially    and    peculiarly 

raand,  from  day  to  day,  that  the  legal  Avrought  up  over  this  land  of  a  "lynch- 

sentence   on   Frank   be   annulled,   and  ing,'   you    may    feel    quite   sure    that 

that  he  he  set  at  liberty.  their   unwritten   law   exempts   a  Jew, 

(8.)     Never  before  did  a  Vigilance  when  his  victim  is  a  Gentile. 

Committee   execute   a   criminal   whom  r:r:rrrrrr=:^^r=^^rr=rrrr=:=^ 

a   iury  had  convicted,  whom  the  Su-  i--«               ^i    •      ^  for  the  prospector. 

J        'I                                            >  %^  -  :.  .^-^m.^ -■^^m.-m -mj^  j^     v-^"' cholce  of  4  locatinff 


Everything  Ku 


preme  Court  of  Georgia  had  declared      J-/VCry  llllll^   instrumentaj^frecK^  si^- 
was  properly  found  guilty,  whom  the     gj'g^lfo" ut c^t^^i^fm^^'^^  novelty  co.,  Dept.  e." 


THE  HOUSE  OF  HAPSBURG 


BY  THOS.  E.  WATSON 


The  Latest  of  Mr.  Watson's  Historical  Works 
States  Cause  of  Present  European  War 


Shows  the  Origin  of  the  Present  House  of  Hapsburg; 
the  Growth  of  the  Papal  Power  of  Rome. 

John  Huss,  John  Wydiffe,  Martin  Luther,  the  Thirty 
Years  War  and  the  Reformation. 


ILLUSTRATED — 96   RAGES. 


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About  Socialism 

In  this  work,  Mr.  Watson  takes  up,  one  by 
one,  each  of  the  propositions  of  Karl  Marx,  and 
discusses  them  fully  and  fairly. 

He  also  analyses  the  great  book  of  Herr 
Rebel,  the  world-leader  of  Socialism,  "Woman 
Under  Socialism." 

Mr.  Watson  cites  standard  historical  works  to 
prove  that  Bebel,  Marx  and  other  Socialist  lead- 
ers are  altogether  wrong  about, 

The  Origin  of  Property, 

The  rise  of  the  Marital  relation. 

The  Cause  of  the  inequality  of  Wealth,  etc, 

Mr.  Watson  demonstrates  that  Socialism — as 
taught  by  Marx,  Bebel,  LaSalle,  Engel,  etc. — 
would  annihilate 

Individuality  and  personal  liberty. 

Home-life,  as  we  now  know  it. 

The  White  Mans  Supremacy  over  the  infe- 
rior races. 

The  Marital  relation,  with  its  protection  to 
women,  and  finally 

RELIGION  OF  ALL  KINDS. 

Mr.  Watson  proves  that  SPECIAL  PRIVI- 
LEGE, intrenched  in  law  and  in  government,  is 
now,  and  always  has  been,  the  Great  Enemy  of 
the  Human  race. 


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