THE
WELSH VOCABULARY
OF THE
BANGOR DISTRICT
BY
O. H. FYNES-CLINTON, M.A.
PROFESSOR OF FRENCH AND ROMANCE PHILOLOGY AT THE
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NORTH WALES, BANGOR
HUMPHREY MILFORD
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
LONDON, EDINBURGH, GLASGOW
NEW YORK, TORONTO, 'MELBOURNE, BOMBAY
OXFORD : HORACE HART M.A.
PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY
I/iA- j
PREFACE
MY aim in the present book has been to make an accurate
record of the words in colloquial use in one clearly defined
district in Wales. In a language like Welsh, which at
present has no recognized spoken standard, no hard and
fast line can be drawn in the spoken language between
literary words and those which belong purely to the domain
of dialect ; and there are probably few words which in their
form, use, or pronunciation could be said to be precisely
identical in all parts of the country. Hence my design has
been not to compile a glossary of a particular dialect but
rather a vocabulary of spoken Welsh as represented by the
usage in a particular district. It appeared to me that such
a compilation, however imperfect and incomplete, could
scarcely fail to be of service for comparative purposes to
workers in other dialects as well as to those who desire to
obtain a knowledge of colloquial Welsh, and at the same
time might possibly be the means of preserving some words
and expressions which are now rapidly becoming obsolete
and are known only to the older inhabitants. I have spared
no pains to make the work as accurate as possible, but it
would be vain to pretend to any hope that I have always
succeeded. The number of words still in use might probably
be largely extended but I am unwilling to delay further the
publication of a work which has already occupied me for
nine years.
Like all compilers of dictionaries I have been frequently
beset with difficulties as to which words to omit and which
to include. On the one hand are literary or book words —
such, for instance, as have obtained a kind of semi-colloquial
standing through their frequent use in the Bible or by their
ii Preface
common occurrence in newspapers ; and on the other hand
are English words with which some speakers, especially the
younger, plentifully interlard their conversation. The
general criterion I have employed in such matters is the
usage of older speakers. Among words which might be
described as literary, I have included all such as are in
frequent and indispensable use, especially those which offer
any point of interest with regard to meaning or pronuncia-
tion, but omitting, as a rule, long compounds. As to English
words, I have included those which differ in a marked way
as to pronunciation or meaning from present English
standard usage, such as grdt ' grate ', stowt ' plucky ' ; those
which have demonstrably formed part of the language for
several centuries and those of very common and indispen-
sable use. If I appear sometimes to have acted arbitrarily
or inconsistently, I must plead as an excuse the extreme
difficulty of deciding in many such cases.
In marking out the boundaries of the district I have
chosen, I was chiefly guided by convenience, but they are
also, in the main, geographical. The district extends from
Bangoralong the coast eastwards to the point where Penmaen-
mawr meets the sea, thence along the northern slopes of the
hills past Llanfairfechan, Aber, and Llanllechid to Bethesda,
Rhiwlas, and the village of Pentir. From Pentir to Bangor
an arbitrary line had to be drawn somewhere and I have
adopted roughly the road between the two places, which
runs almost due north.
The symbols I have employed are, with a few exceptions,
those of the Association Phonetique. In the alphabetical
arrangement I have placed e with e, and o and 0 with o in
order to facilitate reference, since e\ o and 0 are, almost
without exception, merely the first elements of diphthongs.
In all matters connected with the sounds of the language
I have continually referred to Sweet's article on Spoken
North Welsh in the ' Philological Society's Transactions ' for
1882-4 (reprinted in 'Collected Papers of Henry Sweet',
Oxford, 1913). In all cases in which I have arrived at
Preface \\\
a different conclusion, it has only been after the most careful
consideration. I regret that I was only able to make use of
Professor Morris Jones's grammar at the latter end of the
book.
I deemed it desirable, wherever possible, to give the
orthography of each word according to some recorded
instance previous to the nineteenth century. To obtain as
much uniformity as possible I give the form employed in
Davies's Welsh-Latin and Latin-Welsh Dictionary (1632).
If the word does not occur here I have had recourse to the
Bible (ed. 1620) or, failing this, to various other books
especially of the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries, and to the unfinished dictionary of Silvan Evans.
Failing these again I have used Richards's, and finally Owen
Pughe's dictionary. It is beyond the scope of the work to
give the forms occurring in older literature, except where
any analogy occurs with modern colloquial usage. As
regards words of English origin, which are usually omitted
in dictionaries, I give a greater number of examples of
their occurrence, particularly if they are words of long
standing in the language. The nature of the subject has,
I need hardly mention, necessitated references to books of
very varying authority. The whole of this part of my
work would require a much greater expenditure of time
than I have had at my disposal to bring it to anything like
completion.
I will now mention the names of my principal informants,
to all of whom I am deeply indebted for their patient
and ready help. The groundwork of the book represents
the speech of the following, in the order in which I made
their acquaintance. I refer to them under their initials in
the course of the work, wherever this seemed desirable.
My late landlady, Miss Elizabeth Jones (E.J.), of
Cooldaragh, Bangor, born at Pentir on Oct. 25, 1859, whose
obiter dicta form a not inconsiderable part of the volume.
She has also given me much valuable information as to the
meaning of some of the more unusual words.
iv Preface
Mr. John William Jones (JJ.) of Tan 'r Allt, Aber, born at
Aber on June 8, 1839. He had received no education and
was unable to speak English, but was a self-taught man
who had read a considerable amount of Welsh literature.
He also had a very wide knowledge of the place-names of
his district. During my frequent visits I obtained from him
a large amount of information, particularly as regards terms
used in farming and in slate-quarries, he having worked
many years in the latter at Bethesda. He took the greatest
pains in supplying all the details I sought until a short
time before his death, which occurred on August 18, 1909.
Mr. Owen Hughes (O.H.), who lived in a small two-roomed
cottage at Blaen Nant Isaf, Nant y Felin, Llanfairfechan,
born at Llanfairfechan on January 6, 1835. I made his
acquaintance late in 1909 at the recommendation of Mr. J. W.
Jones. He was entirely ignorant of English. During my
weekly visits of four hours extending over the greater part
of three years he imparted to me an extraordinary amount
of information of every kind and in particular terms con-
nected with farming and the sea. His knowledge of place-
names was also very extensive. I attach especial im-
portance to the information obtained from him, as he was
the oldest of my informants, was the least affected by
literary influences, and I had had more than five years'
experience with the dialect when I made his acquaintance.
He died after a very short illness on November 3, 1912, in
full possession of his mental and physical powers, only ten
days after my last visit to him, and when the present work
was already in the press.
I must also add the name of Mr. Richard Jones, 48 Foun-
tain Street, Bangor, who supplied me with most of the
names of fish.
My sincerest thanks are also due to my father-in-law, the
Rev. W. Hughes (W.H.), Vicar of Llanuwchllyn, who
supplied me with many words and phrases and grammatical
minutiae ; to Mr. and Mrs. H. O. Hughes of Bangor, who
have always been most ready to clear up any doubtful
Preface v
point during the reading of the proofs and have given much
further information ; it is to them that the word ' (Bangor) '
usually refers in the text ; to Professor T. Hudson-Williams,
who has read all the proofs from page 193 onwards, and by
his frequent references to Carnarvon usage enabled me to
make some important additions, whenever this coincided
with that of Bangor ; and especially to Mr. Ifor Williams
(I.W.), Assistant Lecturer in Welsh at the University
College of North Wales — a native of Tregarth near
Bangor — for his indispensable aid in supplying me at the
beginning with a large number of words which formed the
nucleus of the rest, for clearing up many difficulties during
the course of the work, for reading the greater part of my
MS. and the whole of the proofs also. I have also received
much valuable aid and advice from Professor J. Morris
Jones. Lastly, I have pleasure in expressing my debt in
various ways to Miss Grace Ellis, Mr. J. E. Griffith, Mr. W.
Hopkins Jones, Mr. W. J. Parry of Bethesda, the Rev. T.
Shankland, Professor P. J. White, and Dr. J. Lloyd
Williams.
O. H. FYNES-CLINTON.
Sept. 22, 1913.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND BOOKS
CONSULTED
A. A collection of ballads, songs, etc., of the eighteenth century by
various writers, at the Library of the University College, Bangor, bound
together in one volume, in a somewhat imperfect state. It is impossible
to give exact references.
Anwyl. A Welsh Grammar for Schools by E. Anwyl, M.A. . . .
Third Edition. London. 1907.
B. A collection of ballads, songs, etc., of the eighteenth century at
the Library of the University College, Bangor, of the same character as
A, but in a more imperfect state.
B.B.C. The Black Book of Carmarthen, reproduced and edited by
J. Gwenogvryn Evans. Pwllheli. 1906.
B.C. Gweledigaetheu y Bardd Cwsc (by Ellis Wynne). Llundain-
1703. Reprint ed. by J. Morris Jones, Bangor. 1898.
B.H. Bown o Hamtwn, edited from the Hengwrt MSS. by the
Rev. Robert Williams, M.A. London. 1878.
Bible. References in all cases are to the edition of 1620.
C. A collection of ballads, songs, etc., of the eighteenth century at
the Library of the University College, Bangor, of the same character
as A and B.
C.C. (Canwyll y Cymry) Y Pedwarydd Ran o waith Mr. Rees
Prichard Gynt Ficcer Llanddyfri yn Shir Gaerfyrddyn. Y nawr gynta
yn Brintiedig . . . Llundain . . . 1672.
C.Ch. Campeu Charlymaen, edited from the Hengwrt MSS. in the
Peniarth Library by the Rev. Robert Williams, M.A. London. 1878.
(Date of MS. 1336.)
C.C.M. The Cefn Coch MSS. Two MSS. of Welsh Poetry,
written principally during the eighteenth century. Edited by the
Rev. J. Fisher, B.D. Liverpool. 1899.
C.F. Cymru Fydd (Periodical printed and published by E. W. Evans,
Dolgelley) : Llafar Gwlad Llanfair Pwll Gwyngyll by J. M. Jones, B.A.,
1889, pp. 438-440 ; Llafar Gwlad Bethesda by J.Owen Jones, Bala, 1889,
pp. 676-679 ; Llafar Gwlad Niwbwrch, Mon., by the Rev. Robert
Hughes, 1890, pp. 331-334.
C.L.C. Cymdeithas Lien Cymru. I. Carolau : gan Richard Hughes.
Caerdydd. 1900 [c. 1590-1638]. II. Hen Gerddi Gwleidyddol.
Caerdydd. 1901 [1588-1660]. III. Casgliad o Hen Ganiadau
Serch. Caerdydd. 1902 [MSS. date from 1599 to 1638]. IV.
viii List of Abbreviations and Books Consulted
Casgliad o Hanes-gerddi Cymraeg. Caerdydd. 1903 [seventeenth
and eighteenth century]. V, VI. Caniadau yn y Mesurau Rhyddion.
Caerdydd. 1905 [1450-1700].
D. Antiquae Linguae Britannicae, Nunc vulgo dictae Cambro-Britannicae
. . et Lingvae Latinae Dictionarium Duplex . . . Londini, Impensis
Joan. Davies SS. Th. D. An. Dom. 1632. [References to the Botanology
are indicated by (Bot), to the List of Proverbs by (Prov.).]
D.F. Deffyniad Ffydd Eglwys Loegr (Jewel's Apology) . . . Wedi
ei gyfieuthu o Ladin, yn Gymraeg, drwy waith M. Kyffin . . . Llunden.
1595. Reprint ed. by Wm. Prichard Williams. Bangor. 1908.
D.G. Barddoniaeth Dafydd ab Gwilym o grynhoad Owen Jones
a William Owen. Llundain. 1789.
D.P.O. Drych y Prif Oesoedd gan Theophilus Evans. [2nd ed.
Shrewsbury. 1740.] Reprint ed. by Samuel J. Evans, M.A. Bangor
and London. 1902.
F.N. Y Flodeugerdd Newydd. Casgliad o gywyddau'r bedwaredd
ganrif ar ddeg, y bymthegfed a'r unfed ar bymtheg. Wedi eu golygu
gyda nodiadau gan W. J. Gruffydd, M.A. Caerdydd. 1909.
Forrest. The Vertebrate Fauna of North Wales by H. E. Forrest.
London. 1907.
G.C. The History of Gruffydd ap Cynan. The Welsh Text with
Translation, Introduction and Notes, by Arthur Jones, M.A. Man-
chester. 1910. [Date, middle thirteenth century.]
G.I. Detholiad o waith Gruffydd ab leuan ab Llewelyn Fychan,
edited by the Rev. J. C. Morrice, M.A. Bangor Welsh MSS. Society.
1910. (fl. 1500-1525.)
G.O. The Poetical Works of the Rev. Goronwy Owen . . . edited
... by the Rev. Robert Jones, B.A. ... in two volumes. London.
1876. (Vol. I contains the Poems; vol. II contains Life and Corre-
spondence.)— b. 1723, d. 1769.
G.R. A Welsh Grammar and other Tracts by Griffith Roberts.
A Fac-simile Reprint Published as a Supplement to the Revue Celtique,
1870-1883. Paris. — Contains among other matter: Dosparth Byrr ar y
rhann gyntaf i ramadeg cymraeg . . . [Milan.] 1567. (Griffith
Roberts employs ' d ', '!', and 'u' with a diacritical mark under them
for the usual * dd ', ' 11 ', and ' w '. For purposes of convenience I have
employed the usual orthography in these cases. The numbers in
brackets refer to the pages of the introduction.)
Griffith. The Flora of Anglesey and Carnarvonshire by John E.
Griffith, F.L.S., F.R.A.S. Bangor. (No date.)
H.D. Welsh Botanology ; . . . a Systematic Catalogue of the Native
Plants of the Isle of Anglesey, in Latin, Welsh, and English ... by
Hugh Davies, F.L.S. London. 1813.
H.S. Gwaith Barddonol Howel Swrdwal a'i fab leuan— edited by
List of Abbreviations and Books Consulted ix
the Rev. J. C. Morrice, M.A. Bangor Welsh MSS. Society. 1908.
(fl. 1430-1460.)
I.D. Casgliad o waith leuan Deulwyn — edited by Ifor Williams,
M.A. Bangor Welsh MSS. Society. 1909.
I.G. Gweithiau lolo Goch gyda nodiadau hanesyddol a beirniadol
gan Charles Ashton. Croesoswallt. 1896.
lolo MSS. : lolo Manuscripts. A Selection of Ancient Welsh
Manuscripts, in prose and verse, from the collection made by the late
Edward Williams . . . Llandovery. 1848.
J.M.J. A Welsh Grammar ... by J. Morris Jones, M.A. Oxford.
K.H. (Kyfreithau Howel Da). The Laws of Howel Dda, edited by
Timothy Lewis, M.A. London. 1912.
L.A. The Elucidarium and other tracts in Welsh from Llyvyr
Agkyr Llanddewivrevi, A.D. 1346, ed. by J. Morris Jones, M.A., and
John Rhys, M.A. Oxford. 1894.
L.G.C. The poetical works of Lewis Glyn Cothi, edited by the
Rev. Walter Davies . . . and the Rev. John Jones, M.A. . . . Oxford.
1837.
M.A. The Myvyrian Archaiology of Wales ... 3 vols. London.
1801-1807.
Medd. An. Y Meddyg Anifeiliaid : yn cynnwysachosion, arwyddion
a thriniaeth afiechyd sydd ar wartheg, ceffylau a defaid. Wrexham.
No date.
M.F. Myrddin Fardd (J. Jones). Gwerin-eiriau Sir Gaernarfon : eu
hystyr a'u hanes. Pwllheli. 1907.
M.LI. Gweithiau Morgan Llwyd o Wynedd. Vol. I, ed. by Thomas
E. Ellis. Bangor and London. 1899 ; vol. II, ed. by John H. Davies.
Bangor and London. 1908. — b. 1619, d. 1659.
N.E.D. A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles, edited
by James A. H. Murray, LL.D. Oxford. 1888-
O.P. A Dictionary of the Welsh Language by W. Owen Pughe,
D.G.L., F.A.S. 2nd ed. Denbigh. 1832.
Pedersen. Vergleichende Grammatik der Keltischen Sprachen von
Holger Pedersen. Gottingen. 1908-
P.G.G. Pattrwm y Gvvir-Gristion neu Ddilyniad lesu Grist . . .
Wedi ei droi yn Gymraeg Gan W.M. A.B. Argraffwyd yn' Ghaerlleon
. . . 1723. Reprint ed. by H. Elvet Lewis. Bangor. 1908.
P.P. Promptorium Parvulorum [1440]. Early English Text Society.
1908.
R. Antiquae Linguae Britannicae Thesaurus being a British, or
Welsh-English Dictionary ... by Thomas Richards, Curate of
Coychurch. Bristol. 1753.
R.B. (Red Book). Y Llyvyr Coch o Hergest. Vol. I (The
x List of Abbreviations and Books Consulted
Mabinogion). Edited by John Rhys, M.A., and J. Gwenogvryn Evans.
Oxford. 1887.
R.B. II. Do., Vol. II. The Text of the Bruts from the Red Book
of Hergest. Edited by John Rhys, M.A., and J. Gwenogvryn Evans.
Oxford. 1890.
Rhys. Celtic Folklore Welsh and Manx, by John Rhys, M.A.,
D.Litt. Oxford. 1901. (In two volumes.)
Rowland : A Grammar of the Welsh Language ... by Thomas
Rowland . . . Fourth edition. Wrexham (1876).
S. Strachan : An Introduction to Early Welsh. By the late John
Strachan. Manchester. 1909.
S.E. A Dictionary of the Welsh Language by D. Silvan Evans,
Carmarthen. 1893-1896. A to Ennyd. [An asterisk denotes that a
quotation is given indicating the use of the word at least as early as the
seventeenth century.] —Also An English- Welsh Dictionary by D. Silvan
Evans. Denbigh. 1852.
S.G. Y Seint Greal . . . Edited . . . from the copy preserved
among the Hengwrt MSS. . . . by the Rev. Robert Williams, M.A. . . .
London. 1874.
S.J.E. Studies in Welsh Phonology by Samuel J. Evans. London
and Newport. 1909.
Sweet. Spoken North Welsh in the Transactions of the Philological
Society, 1882-4. (Pt. III.) pp. 409-484.
T.G.G. Transactions of the Guild of Graduates (of the University
of Wales). Cardiff.
T.N. Gwaith Thomas Edwards (T\vm o'r Nant). Liverpool.
1874.— b. 1735, d. 1810.
Welsh Orthography. The Report of the Orthographical Com-
mittee of the Society for utilizing the Welsh Language. [Reprint.]
Carnarvon. 1905.
W.LI. Barddoniaeth William Llyn a'i Eirlyfr, ed. by the Rev. J. C.
Morrice, M.A. Bangor. 1908. — b. 1535, d. 1580.
W.M.M. A Glossary of the Demetian Dialect of North Pembroke-
shire (with Special Reference to the Gwaun Valley) by the Rev. W.
Meredith Morris, B.A. Tonypandy. 1910.
W.S. A Dictionary in Englyshe and Welshe by Wyllyam Salesbury.
[1547.] (Reprint by the Cymmrodorion Society, 1877.)
Yny Ihyvyr hwnn. Yny Ihyvyr hwnn a Ban o gyfreith Howel.
Dan olygiaeth John H. Davies, M.A. Bangor and London. 1903.
(The original title-page of the first tract reads : Yny Ihyvyr hwnn y
traethir. Gwyddor kymraeg. Kalandyr. Y gredo, ney bynkeu yr ffydd
gatholig ... 15^6.)
All words from English dialects have been taken from Wright's
English Dialect Dictionary, except when otherwise stated, and, needless
to say, I have also constantly referred to Murray's Dictionary.
INTRODUCTION
THE signs I have employed are the following :—
Mgn
Usually
written
As in
Sign
Usually
written
As in
a
a
rhan
y
ng
sang
b
b
bara
y
ng
ngenau
d
d
da
y
ng(h)
nghof
8
dd
lladd
y
ng(h)
nghefn
e
e
pen
0
0
lion
e
e
gwneud
0
o
coeden
f
if
ffa
0
a, y
mawnen,
g
g
gardd
cywarch
g
g
genau
p
P
pen
h
h
haf
r
r
garw
i
i
dim
r
r(h)
rhaw
1
i
iawn
s
S
saith
f
i
hiaith
/
si
siarad
k
c
coll
ff
si
trwsio
H
c
ci
t
t
tad
X
ch
llwch
e
th
nyth
I
1
malu
u
w
pwll
I
1
clo
V
f
barf
i
11
lie
w
w
gwyn
m
rn
mam
w
w(h)
whatch
m
0
m(h)
mhen
y
u,y
dull, llyn
n
n
nyth
9
y
dynion
n
n(h)
nhad
g
z,s
Eng. azure
pleasure
: indicates that the preceding vowel is long, e. g. ta:d, tad.
• before a syllable indicates that that syllable is stressed, e. g.
hm'ra.'ig, Cymraeg. This sign is not used when the stress is
regular, i. e. on the penultimate.
_ below a consonant, i. e. /, r, indicates that that consonant is
long, e. g. kahn, calon ; tori, torri.
xii Introduction
GENERAL REMARKS.
Welsh in this district is spoken on a higher key than English.
The syllable following the stress often has a tendency to rise, and
is pronounced with much greater force than in English. The
organs of speech are slightly tenser than in English, but not nearly
so much so as in French. The soft palate is pressed back so that
nasalization is extremely slight. It is in fact possible to close the
passage of the nostrils without causing any appreciable effect on
the sounds, except, of course, those of the nasal consonants.
THE VOWELS.
Vowels in monosyllables may be long or short. In stressed
penultimates, vowels are appreciably longer before a single voiced
consonant than before voiceless or double consonants.
We take the vowels in the following order : —
Back vowels : a, o, u.
Mixed vowels : y, e, o, 3, 0.
Front vowels : /, e.
Back Vowels.
a. Sweet's mid-back-wide-outer. Slightly more forward than
English ' a ' in ' father ', but not so much as French ' a ' in ' rage '.
In unstressed syllables a often tends towards the obscure sound of
9 as in gaveyloft, gafaelodd, * he took hold '.
a: is the same sound lengthened. This sound often represents
' ae ' in monosyllables, as la:6 beside la:yB, llaeth, ' milk '. This,
however, is not the case when ' ae ' form the last letters in the
word, except in ma:, sometimes for may, mae, ' is '.
o is the rounded form of a, nearly the same as Eng. ' o ' in
' boy ', or French ' o ' in ' note '.
o: is the same sound lengthened, but somewhat closer. The
difference, however, is only slight, and not nearly so appreciable as
I have heard it from some speakers from South Wales. Intermediate
between o and o:, both as regards length and closeness, is o before
a single voiced consonant in a stressed penultimate, e. g. dona,
bonau, ' stumps '. I have used only one sign to represent these
1 o ' sounds, because the difference between them is slight, and is
Introduction xiii
always governed by fixed rules, o: often represents ' oe' (= o:y)
in monosyllables, as 0:8 beside o.yd, oedd, ' was '. This, however,
is not the case when the letters ' oe ' are final, as in noy, noe, ' a
dish used in making butter '.
u. Sweet's high-back-narrow-round, like French ' ou ' in ' tout ',
but less rounded. This sound often represents * wy ' in final
syllables, as eglus beside egluys, eglwys, ' church ' ; annul beside
annuyl, anwyl, 'dear*. This is sometimes the case even when
' wy ' is final, e. g. eyru, aerwy, ' a cow-house yoke ' ; 'deydsonu,
1 dywedasant hwy, ' they said '.
u: is the same sound lengthened. This sound occasionally
represents ' wy ' in monosyllables, e. g. du:n beside du:yn, dvvyn,
* to steal '*. This is never the case when ' wy ' is final except in
.'j hwynthwy, ' they '.
Mixed Vowels.
y. Sweet's high-mixed-narrow, i.e. the middle of the tongue
comes into close contact with the palate. The lips are in the i
position.
y: is the same sound lengthened. A slightly lowered and rounded
form of this sound is sometimes heard in the exclamation dy:!t
a euphemism for dyut Duw, ' God '.
e. Sweet's mid-mixed-narrow. The middle of the tongue is
lowered from the y position. This sound only occurs in the
diphthongs e'i and ey. [See diphthongs.]
o. Sweet's mid-mixed-narrow-round. This is a rounded form
of e. It occurs, properly speaking, only in the diphthongs oit by,
but sometimes it represents o in stressed penultimates, especially
before syllables containing o or u, as doduy, dodwy, ' to lay (eggs) '.
It also sometimes represents * oe ' in the stressed penultimates of
compound words, as trodva§> troedfedd, ' foot ' (measure) ; kosnoQ,
coesnoeth, ' bare-legged '.
3. Sweet's low-mixed-narrow. This is the short form of the
vowel sound in Eng. ' sir ', and quite distinct from Eng. * u ' in
' but '. For the sake of convenience I have used the same sign to
express the so-called irrational vowel which occurs so frequently in
unstressed antepenultimates, e. g. hfila, ceffylau, ' horses ', as it is
difficult to analyse these very short unstressed vowel sounds. The
in Eng.
xiv Introduction
' better ', but slightly more advanced. Sweet (' Spoken North
Welsh ') often omits the vowel in these cases, but, though such
pronunciations do no doubt sometimes occur in quick speech, they
are not, in my opinion, characteristic of this district, except in
certain combinations of letters, e. g. Igada, ' eyes '.
0. I use this sign to express two very similar ' o ' sounds. The
first is a rounded form of 9 (Sweet's low-mixed-narrow-round),
which represents ' y ' before a consonantal ' w ' in stressed pen-
ultimates, e. g. I0wyd, bywyd, ' life '. Otherwise it only occurs in
diphthongs. The other sound may be described as a rounded
form of the first element in the diphthong ' ow ' in Eng. ' how '
(Sweet's low-mixed-wide-round). This sound represents ' aw * in
stressed penultimates. [See diphthongs.]
Front Vowels.
z". Sweet's high-front-narrow, like French ' i ' in ' dit ', but
slightly lower (more open).
i: is the same sound lengthened.
c. Sweet's mid-front-wide, very slightly lower (more open) than
Eng. ' e ' in ' pen ', as hef, ' hat ', meQy, methu, ' to fail '. Before
a single voiced consonant in stressed penultimates the sound is
slightly higher (more closed) than English ' e ' in ' pen ', as gweny,
gwenu, ' to smile ', meSul, meddwl, ' to think '. As in the case of
o I have used only one sign to represent the sounds, because the
difference is very slight and is always governed by fixed rules.
e: is the lengthened form of the second of the above-mentioned
sounds, but perhaps slightly more closed.
THE DIPHTHONGS.
The diphthongs are ai\ a:i, an, a:u, ay, a:y, eu, e:u, ez, ey, iu, i:u,
oi, oy, o:y, oi, oy, 011, m] u:i, uy, u:y, yu, y:u.
ai represents ' ai ' in monosyllables, e. g. taid, ' grandfather '.
It occurs also in a few final syllables, as in arwain, ' to lead '.
Final ' ai ' usually becomes a.
a:i represents ' ae ' before ' g ', as in fo?n'ra:ig, Cymraeg, ' Welsh '.
au represents ' aw ' in monosyllables ending in a consonant,
e. g. maur, mawr, 'great'. It also occurs in a few final syllables,
as darlau, darllaw, ' to brew ' ; distau, distaw, * silent '. It some-
times represents ' ow ', as in taur, towr, ' thatcher ' ; traur, trowr?
Introduction xv
' ploughman '. It does not generally occur in stressed penultimates
except before /, e. g. kaujo, bancawio, ' to fasten (a fish-hook) to
the gut '. It is heard, however, in tauson, and some other forms
from tewi, ' to be silent '.
a:u represents ' aw ', when final, in monosyllables, e. g. la:u,
Haw, ' hand '. It occurs also in nosta:ux, nosdawch, ' good night '.
ay represents * au ' in monosyllables, e. g. hayl, haul, ' sun ' ;
and in final stressed syllables as ka'say, cashau, ' to hate'. It
represents ' ai ' in bayx, baich, ' burden ', and brayx, braich, ' arm '.
a:y represents ' ae ' in monosyllables, e. g. hay I, hael, ' generous ' ;
* au ' in a few cases as pa:yn, paun, ' peacock ' ; and sometimes Eng.
1 a, ai ', as payn, ' pane ' ; playn, ' plain ' ; pa:ynt, ' paint '.
eu represents ' ew ' in monosyllables, except when final, and in
stressed penultimates followed by a consonant, as teux, tewch, ' be
silent * ; teudur, tewdwr, ' thickness '. It occurs in a final syllable
in fatten, ' stiff ' (of liquids) ; pendeu, pendew, ' thick-headed, dull '.
e:u represents 'ew' when final in monosyllables, as te:ut tew,
' fat '.
ei represents ' ei ' in stressed penultimates, as Ke'mjog, ceiniog,
< penny ' ; ' ae, eu ' in stressed penultimates when followed by a
consonant -f i or J, as gwe'tdi, gwaeddi, ' to cry out ' ; deigjan,
deugain, ' forty ' ; ' ai ' in a few monosyllables, zsrhet, rhai, * some ' ;
ne'td, naid, ' leap ' ; and Eng. ' i ' as preivat, ' private '. In mono-
syllables the <? element is very distinct, but in stressed penultimates
the i is generally predominant. Thus gw'e'Mjo, peidjo often sound
to an unaccustomed ear like gwi:Bjo, pi:djo. Sometimes the e'
undoubtedly disappears, as in ista, eistedd, * to sit ' ; iffo, eisieu,
' want ' ; tri:ot treio, ' to ebb ', ' to try '.
ey represents ' ae ', ' eu ' and ' ey ' in stressed penultimates (but
see under ei), as eylod, aelod, ' member ' ; beydy, beudy, ' cow-shed ' ;
deydt dweyd, dy wedyd, ' to say '. It occurs also in a few mono-
syllables, as gwey, gweu, ' to weave ' ; hey beside hay, hau, ' to sow '.
In monosyllables the e element is very distinct, but in stressed
penultimates the y is predominant. Sometimes the e disappears,
as mfry.'O) ' to quarrel ' (Eng. ' fray ', ' arTray ').
iu represents ' iw ' and ' y w ' and Eng. * u ' and ' ew '. The
existence of the sound iu in Welsh (though contrary to the opinion
of Sweet, 'Spoken North Welsh/ p. 417) is sufficiently proved
by the literary word * gwiw ', which is undoubtedly pronounced
xvi Introduction
gwi'u, and could scarcely be pronounced otherwise. This sound
may be distinctly heard when it occurs initially as in ms,
' use ' ; iuf'o, ' to use ' (but jurx, iwrch, ' roebuck '). Other
examples are niul (which Sweet writes njuul, i. e. nju:l)t niwl,
* mist ' ; liu, lliw, ' colour '. This diphthong has replaced yu in
a great number of words, as //'«, lly w, ' helm ' ; rhiu, rhyw, ' some '.
m also occurs in diujol, duwiol, ' godly '. Cf. also ?di, ydyw, ' is '.
The literary 'yw', 'is', is always pronounced iu. — On the other
hand we have said njurnod, saith niwrnod, ' seven days '.
i:n occurs in /ri;ux, triwch, ' try ' ; gwm':ux, ' sew ', etc.
oi represents ' oi ' in monosyllables, as /roi, troi, ' to turn '; and
in stressed final syllables as para'toi, paratoi, ' to prepare '.
oy occurs very rarely as representing ' oe ' in final syllables in
compound words, e. g. in kraxgoyd^ crachgoed, ' the shoots which
grow out of the stump of a tree which has been sawn off'. Even
in such cases oy more often tends to become o or oy.
o:y represents ' oe ' in monosyllables, as ko.yd, coed, ' wood '.
The consciousness of incorrectness in substituting o: for o:y (see
under o:), e. g. kro:n for kroyn, croen, ' skin ', sometimes leads to
the opposite process of substituting o:y foro:. Thusfo.ys is a very
common pronunciation of fo:s. I have also heard bo:yn for &o:n,
bon, 'stump, stem' (J.J.).
oi represents ' oi ' in stressed penultimates, as lota, lloi, ' calves ',
and ' oe ' in stressed penultimates followed by a consonant or
consonants 4- i or/ as koidjo, coedio, ' to timber '.
oy represents ' oe (oy) ' in stressed penultimates (but cf. bi\ as
koydant coeden, ' tree ' ; kdysa, coesau, ' legs '. This is the pre-
vailing pronunciation of the district, but uy is sometimes heard
instead, thus kuydan, kuysa (O.H. had uy very frequently). The
forms moyBa and muyBa appear also in literature, viz. ' moethau '
and ' mwythau '. On the other hand oy is occasionally heard for
uy, as hoylys for huylys, ' convenient '. Before ' u ', oy tends to
become ey^ as gleyu beside gloyu, gloy w, ' bright ' ; kreyu beside
kroyu, croyw, ' clear '.
0u. For the two varieties of this diphthong cf. under er. The
first variety where 0 is a rounded form of ^ (Sweet's low-mixed-
narrow-round) represents 'yw; in a stressed penultimate before
a consonant, as bmjog, by wiog, ' lively ' ; rherujog, rhy wiog, ' kindly '.
The second variety where 0 is approximately a rounded form of
Introduction xvii
the first element of the Eng. diphthong ' ow ' in ' how ' (Sweet's
low-mixed-wide-round) represents (i) 'ow' in monosyllables, as
d#ux, dowch for deuwch, ' come ' ; rh0ud> rhowyd for rhoddwyd,
pret. pass, of rhoddi, 'to give*. (2) 'aw' followed by more than
one consonant in mmrd, Mawrth, ' March ', and dy:§ merurQ, dydd
Mawrth, ' Tuesday '. (3) It is heard also in k0uk, ' one of the
turned down ends of a horse-shoe ', and rhmik, ' a rut '. (4) It
generally represents ' aw ' in stressed penultimates, as merunan,
mawnen, ' a piece of peat '. (5) Eng. ' ou ', as stout, ' plucky '.
ui represents vocal 'w'+'y' before a consonant + i or/, as
rhutdi, rhwydi, ' nets' ; luidjon, pi. of luyd, llwyd, 'brown'.
n:i represents ' ywi ' in klu:is, clywais, ' I heard '.
uy represents vocal 'w' + 'y' in all positions except in mono-
syllables and the cases mentioned above under ui. Final ' wy '
followed by a consonant, however, often becomes u (see under 11).
'Ydwyf always becomes (i)du. The change from uy into u
sometimes, by a contrary process, produces a change from u into
uy (cf. under o:y\ e.g. manuyl, manwl, ' careful, detailed '.
u:y represents vocal 'w' + 'y' in monosyllables, as du:y, dwy,
'two'. u:y occasionally becomes u: (except when final) or u:
followed by a glide. An instance of the contrary process is hwynl,
hwnt, ' beyond '.
yu represents 'uw' and 'yw'. Cf., however, under iu the
large number of cases in which ' yw ' is represented by iu. A
slightly lowered form ofjy is often heard in dyu, Duw, ' God '. Cases
otyu representing ' yw ' are byu, byw, ' to live ' ; klyu, klytix, clyw,
clywch, 'hear;.
y:u occurs in dy:u\, duwch, ' blackness '.
THE CONSONANTS.
Preliminary remarks. The voiced consonants are more complete
in their vocality, especially when initial, than their English equiva-
lents, and approach very nearly the corresponding French sounds.
(Cf., as regards d, Rousselot, 'Principes de Phon&ique expeVt-
mentale ', vol. i, pp. 500-1.) For exceptions to this general rule
see below, especially as regards sbt sg, and final b, d, g in mono-
syllables after a short vowel. Final consonants in monosyllables
after a short vowel are long.
xviii Introduction
We deal with the consonants in the following order : —
(a) h, j\ f, w, w.
(b) the liquids and nasals, /, /, /,* n, n, r, r, m, m, y, y, oy, cy.
(c) the spirants, 8, 6, /, v, X, s, /, f, g-
(d) the labial, dental, and guttural stops, />, b, /, d, k, K, g, g.
h does not differ materially from the Eng. ' h ', but is pronounced
rather more forcibly in monosyllables, whether initially or after m,
n, y, cy, and r. When enclitic, as in hi after a noun, the h is very
slight, and often disappears. ' H ' following b, d, g, and sometimes
v, causes these letters to become voiceless, and the * h ' itself, when
not stressed, disappears. Thus we have i mha:p 2] ' her son ' ;
i 6a:i i, ' her father ' ; i \e:k z, ' her mouth ' (or, more correctly,
/ mha: pi, etc.) ; grieyt hyn, ' to do this ' ; drakftin, from ' drwg '
and ' hin ', ' bad weather ' ; f hy:n, fy hun, ' myself ; kr?f-hay,
cryfhau, ' to strengthen '. When i follows h the tongue is so close
to the palate that friction is set up.
/ is the consonant corresponding to ?", and differs from Eng. ' y '
only in the greater tenseness of the tongue (' narrow ' instead of
' wide ').
f is the voiceless sound corresponding to j. It undoubtedly
occurs sometimes, as in i hfaiO, ei hiaith, ' her language ', but it
appears to be rather an individual peculiarity than the general
rule, and the ear is satisfied whether j or f is used. Instances
where the sound may occur are, moreover, very rare.
w is the consonant corresponding to u. It differs from English
k w ' only in the tongue being tenser and the lips more rounded.
For the pronunciation of^w before a consonant see^.
w is the voiceless form of w, like the sound sometimes heard in
Eng. ' what ', but it is always followed by a distinct h sound. This
sound is very rare, and only occurs in the mutation of words
beginning with w derived from English, as i what/, ' her watch '.
The liquids and nasals, /, /, I,1 n, n, r, r, m, m, y, y, y, y.
It should be stated that when a voiced consonant stands after a
stressed syllable between two vowels the preceding vowel is slightly
lengthened, and the consonant, which opens the next syllable, is
naturally short (except in the case of m, which is always doubled
1 / is really a spirant, but it will be more convenient to treat it with the
other / sounds.
Introduction xix
in this position and the preceding vowel short). But among voiced
consonants / and r have the peculiarity that they may be either
long, preceded by a short vowel, or short, preceded by a slightly
lengthened vowel. Hence, in the case of these two consonants it
is necessary to mark the length when it occurs (/, r). n, on the
other hand, may be either single, preceded by a slightly lengthened
vowel, or double, preceded by a short vowel.
/ differs little from Eng. f 1 '. The back of the tongue is raised,
producing (but in a lesser degree) the " dull " sound of the letter
as heard in English, but the tip of the tongue is nearer the upper
teeth than in the English sound, and is more spread out. Long /
occurs in only a few words, as kalon, calon, * heart ' ; kalyn, canlyn,
' to follow ' ; kolyn, colyn, ' sting ' ; kula, cwla, ' poorly ' ; lolyn,
fern, lolan, ' a foolish talker'; talax, comp. of lal, 'tall'; dali6t
3, s. fut. of dal, ' to hold '. It is also distinctly heard after a short
vowel at the end of monosyllables before the enclitic pronouns
i and o, as i nali, i 8alo, ' to hold me, hold him '. A variety of /
occurs after 5 and 6, the point of contact being the surface of the
tongue a short distance from the tip instead of the actual tip, e. g.
ftilon, ffyddlon, ' faithful ' ; meySlon, maethlon, ' nutritious'.
/ is the voiceless sound corresponding to /, resembling the sound
used by some French speakers in such words as ' peuple ', ' cycle '.
This sound occurs after k, p, /, mh, nh, yh, as kly:st, clust, ' ear ' ;
ply:, phi, 'feathers'; tlaudy tlawd, 'poor'; 9 mlhi:6, ymhlith,
' among ' ; 9 nlhodi, fy nhlodi, ' my poverty ' ; 9 glhy.st, ' my ear '.
The h in these latter instances, it will be observed, follows the /.
/ is a voiceless ' 1 ' sound with no corresponding voiced sound.
The tip of the tongue is in the same position as for /, but the back
of the tongue is not raised. The lips are in the i position. The
sides of the tongue come into contact with the upper teeth, and the
air is emitted through the teeth on one side, generally on the right,
but in the case of some speakers, on the left.
n is the same as English ' n ' except that the tip of the tongue is
nearer the teeth, n is completely voiced after k and />, as in knaud,
cnawd, ' flesh ' ; pnaun, prydnawn, ' afternoon '. The use of nn
corresponds very closely with older literary usage, except that the
doubled letter only occurs after a stressed syllable, nn is also
distinctly heard when n occurs at the end of a monosyllable after
a short vowel, and is followed by one of the enclitic pronouns i or
C 2
XX
Introduction
o, as P mhcnm, fy mhen i, * my head ' ; i benno, ei ben o, ' his head *.
As in most languages n normally becomes m before p and £ and y
before /& and g, especially in very common connections, as 9m &ra:v,
yn braf, ' fine ' ; Kiyglettad, cyn caleted, ' as hard '. Even hem bobol,
hen bobl, ' old people ' ; hogam ba:x, hogen bach, ' little girl '
(with a very short ui) are occasionally heard. Before d and 6 the
point of contact is the surface instead of the tip of the tongue, as
in hogan da:, hogen dda, ' good girl '.
n is the voiceless sound corresponding to n. It is always followed
by a full, distinctly enunciated //, as (.?) nha:d, fy nhad, ' my father '.
nh however does not always correspond to Welsh ' nh ', e. g.
brenhmob, brenhinoedd, ' kings '. n is not affected when it precedes
the verbal termination -'hay, as tmhay, tynnhau, D., 'to tighten';
nor by the stressed prefix an-, as 'arrhuylys, anhwylus, ' incon-
venient '. Even when an- is followed by an etymological ' nh ' no
n is heard (except possibly in the case of unusual emphasis), as
•aivheilum, annhcilwng, 'unworthy' — unless the second element
consists of a monosyllable, as •an'nhe.-g, annheg, ' unfair '. Nor
does nh occur in an unstressed syllable in the body of a word,
e. g. inanoll, manhollt, in ky:n manolt, ' a fine-splitting chisel '. Cf.
also a/ii-d, ' difficult ', from ' an- ' and ' hawdd '. ' Nhr ' is pro-
nounced nrh, as .' nrhoyd, fy nhroed, ' my foot '. Occasionally the
;; is not heard in such cases, and we have 9 rhoyd.
r is the sound of Eng. ' r ' in ' parallel ', but the point of contact
with the tongue is slightly further back, r represents a long or
trilled r. Its use corresponds very closely to the 'rr' of older
literary usage.
r is the voiceless sound corresponding to r. It occurs after
/', />, and /, as kro:yn, croen, ' skin ' ; print prin, * scarce ' ; tro:yd^
troed, 'foot7. Otherwise r only occurs at the beginning of a
word or stressed syllable (or after initial m or «), where it is always
followed by a full, distinctly enunciated h. The verbal termina-
tion -'hay does not affect r, e. g. forhqy, byrhau, ' to shorten '.
m resembles very closely Eng. ' m '. After a stressed syllable
between two vowels m is always doubled, except after a diphthong.
A variety of m sometimes occurs in which the lower lip comes into
contact with the upper teeth (instead of with the upper lip) as
frequently in German in such words as Kampf, fiinf. etc. (cf.
Jesrersen, { Lehrbuch der Phonetik ', p. 19). This sound may be
Introduction xxi
not unfrequently heard when n precedes v, as in di:ol\ m vaur,
diolch yn fawr, ' thank you very much '.
m is the voiceless sound corresponding to m, and is always
followed by a full, distinctly enunciated h. It occurs only initially
as the mutated form of/, and in a few aphetic forms such as
mhary, amharu, ' to injure ' ; mheyQyn, amheuthun, ' dainty ' ;
and sometimes in mharan, maharen, ' ram '. When followed by n
or r the h follows these sounds, as 9 mnhelin^ fy mhenelin, ' my
elbow'; 3 mrhe:s, fy mhres, 'my money'. When unstressed m
sometimes takes the place of mh. O.H. had tm mulhdi, ym
Mhwllheli, < in Pwllheli '.
y is the sound corresponding to ' ng ' in Eng. ' rang ', but the
point of contact between the back of the tongue and the palate is
somewhat further back.
y is formed in the same way as the above but much further
forward, the middle of the tongue coming into contact with the
middle of the hard palate. It is followed by a slight /-like sound.
y occurs only before the vowels e, e\ and /, and before a in the
mutation of words derived from English beginning with g, as
yamjo from gamjo, ' to make fun ' = Eng. ' game '.
g is the voiceless sound corresponding to y, and represents
' ngh ', but only occurs initially as the mutated form of /', as
y whalon^ fy nghalon, ' my heart ' ; but "ayhovjo, anghofio, ' to
forget ' ; •ayrfredin, anghyffredin, ' uncommon '. y is always
followed by a full, distinctly enunciated //, but when followed by
n or r, the h follows these sounds, as 9 gnhaud, fy nghnawd,
4 my flesh ' ; 9 vrhy.s, fy nghrys, ' my shirt '.
q is the voiceless sound corresponding to y, and occurs only
before e, e\ and z', and sometimes before a in certain words derived
from English, as the mutated form of £ Like y, oy is always
followed by h.
The spirants, d, 6, /, v, x, s, /, /', g-
8 is a sound resembling the Eng. ' th ' in ' the ', but the tip of
the tongue touches the back of the lower teeth while the surface of
the tongue comes in contact with the points of the upper teeth.
The contact, however, is slight, hence its tendency when final
to disappear, as in ista^ eistedd, ' to sit ' ; gar beside garb,
gardd, ' garden ' ; for beside ford, ffordd, ' road '. Final dv,
XX11
Introduction
which occurs in the semi-literary words dedv, deddf, 'law, ordi-
nance', and Ie8vt lleddf, 'flat' (in music), is pronounced with
gradually falling breath, and does not in the remotest degree
suggest two syllables.
6 is the voiceless sound corresponding to 5, but is pronounced
with more force. It resembles the sound of Eng. ' th ' in ' thin '.
/ is the same sound as Eng. <f ', but pronounced with slightly
greater force.
v is the same sound voiced, but the contact between the upper
teeth and lower lip is very slight. When final and not preceded
by a consonant it generally disappears. It remains, however, as
a rule in the first pers. pres. sing. fut. when standing alone or
following na:(g) in answering a question, as neuxi fanny hun?
Ziia:v, ' will you buy this ? Yes '. It remains also in a few other
words, as bra:v, braf, ; fine ' ; do:v, dof, ' tame ' ; gwi.-v, gwif, ' lever ' ;
rhuyv, rhwyf, ' oar '. In final vnt vr, as in Kevn, lyvr, the sound
gradually dies away, and the two letters do not in the slightest degree
produce the impression of forming two syllables. This is, however,
not the case with 71/, as in gwevl. Here the v and / have practically
equal stress, as in the Eng. ' level '.
X is the voiceless guttural spirant like the German ' ch ', formed
with the back of the tongue against the soft palate. The friction
is very strong. In the combination \w the w is pronounced quite
separately.
s. In this sound the tip of the tongue is close behind the upper
teeth, and the breath passes along the centre of the blade of the
tongue and between the upper teeth. It has a much " softer " or
less hissing sound than Eng. ' s ', and is slightly aspirated. In
the treatment of s followed by a labial, guttural, or dental stop
I have followed the recommendation of Professor J. Morris Jones,
•Welsh Orthography', pp. 26, 27, and write sb, sg, but st. In
sb and sg the b and g. instead of having the usual full vocality,
have a voiceless on-glide like that heard in English ' b ' and
' g ', especially when initial. In st the / is entirely voiceless,
but it loses its strong aspiration and resembles French ' t '. When
the order is inverted I write bs, ks, and ds. In these cases b and
d have a voiceless off-glide, while k retains its voiceless character
like / as stated above, but without its usual strong aspiration.
/,/'. These sounds are in a state of transition. They are of
Introduction xxiii
late introduction, and individuals are still occasionally to be met
with who are unable to pronounce them, and substitute s or sf.
The prevailing pronunciation of f resembles very closely that of
Eng. 'sh', but the point of contact is slightly further forward, i.e.
on the arched rim instead of behind it. Before a, o, and u in final
syllables the tongue is slightly more arched, producing the palatalized
soundy7. Other speakers seem to pronounce f exactly like Eng.
'sh', and these make no distinction between f andy7. After the
borrowed sound ^/appears never to be palatalized.
g is the voiced sound corresponding toy^ but it is never palata-
lized. This sound occurs only in the combination dg, as in
The labial, guttural, and dental stops, p, b, /, d, /', #, g, g.
Note. When Old and Middle Welsh ' p '. ' t ', ' c ' form com-
binations with one another in the body of a word, the first letter
remains voiceless (losing, however, its strong aspiration) ; but the
second becomes voiced with a voiceless on-glide. But when ' t '
forms the second element, though it remains voiceless, it loses its
strong aspiration and resembles French ' t'. I write, therefore,//,
pg, tb, tg, kb, kt.
When the tenues follow voiceless spirants (including /) the same
phenomenon takes place, except that after 6 we have d preceded by
a voiceless on-glide instead of /. Thus we have lb} Ig, U ; 6b, 0g,
&d ; /by fg, ft ; x&, Xg, Xt ; sb, sg, st (cf. Morris Jones, ' Welsh
Orthography', pp. 25, 26). See also under s.
When final b, d, g come before a word beginning with the same
letter respectively, both letters frequently become voiceless, especially
among old speakers (cf. the well-known rule in cynghanedd), e.g.
po:p pluyfyn (O.K.); ne:p pyQ (O.K.); gubot tim (J.J.) ; n to:P,
onid do? (J.J.); dim mt tu:ry dim ond dwr (O.K.) ; wat tu:r
(O.K.); sslryt tru:g (O.H.) ; klu:at tim (O.H.) ; nmivat ty$ (O.K.) ;
deyt tawinjaQ (O.H.) ; tebik Kin t, tebyg genyf, ' I suppose '. g also
becomes k in rhak kwitib /, rhag cywilydd !, ' for shame ! '
p is like Eng. < p ', but the lips are more tightly compressed and
the emission of breath is much greater, and the consequent
breath-glide (except in the cases mentioned above) is much more
marked, and renders completely voiceless a succeeding / or r. This
xxiv Introduction
strong emission of breath does not, however, produce the impression
of ' h '. as in Irish. At the end of a stressed syllable, between
two vowels (except after a diphthong), / is always doubled.
b is the same sound voiced, but the strong aspiration is, of course,
absent. When final after a short vowel, b is very short, and has
a voiceless off-glide, e.g. heb, ' without '. In final bl the two letters
are sounded with practically equal stress, e.g. nobl, Eng. c noble '.
The same is the case with the semi-literary gwobrt ' reward, prize '.
/ is pronounced by contact of the tip of the tongue with the
upper teeth. As regards breath, all that has been said with regard
to/ applies equally to /. Even when final, a strong breath-glide
is heard after it. This is one of the most noticeable points to an
English ear in Welsh speakers of English.
d is the same sound voiced, but the strong aspiration is, of course,
absent. According to Rousselot, ' Principes de Phone'tique experi-
mentale ', p. 596, d is pronounced with greater lingual energy than
/. When final after a short vowel d is very short and has a voiceless
off-glide, e. g. sad, ' firm '. In final dl the two letters are sounded
with practically equal stress, e.g. anadl, 'breath', banadl, 'broom'.
k. In this sound the contact of the back of the tongue with the
palate is slightly further back than in English, but not so far back
as in Irish. As regards breath all that has been said about p and /
applies equally to k, and like them it is doubled at the end of a
stressed syllable, between two vowels, except after a diphthong.
K is the same sound as /', but the contact of the tongue and the
palate is much further forward than in English, and is followed by
a /-like glide (not to be confused with kj). % occurs only before
the vowels e, e\ and /, and before a in certain words derived from
English. The glide above mentioned is always noticeable before
i', e, and z, but before a it varies considerably in different speakers.
In kj the k seems to occupy an intermediate position as to the
palate between the ordinary k and K ', and the same may be said
when k is preceded by e or i and is followed by He or Hi as in
pikHin.
g is the same sound as /', but voiced, and without its strong
aspiration. When g is final, in a monosyllable, after a short vowel,
it is very short, and has a voiceless off-glide. Final g after s is
whispered (cf. Sweet, 'Spoken North Welsh', p. 420). In gw
before a consonant the g is pronounced with the lips in the w
Introduction xxv
position. After i a very slight glide may be heard before g in
deliberate pronunciation, as e.g. in Ki:g.
g is the same sound as #, but voiced, and it occurs in the same
positions.
NOTE AS TO DOUBLE LETTERS.
There can be no reasonable doubt that /£, p, t, and m are doubled
at the end of a stressed syllable before a vowel, and that the
doubling of these letters in general written usage until recently
represents an actual fact. The use of nn also coincides very
closely with the older spelling. The difference between n and nn
is marked by a difference in the preceding vowel also. Before nn,
as already stated, the vowel is very short ; before n the vowel is
half-long, and in the case of e and o, closer than before the doubled
letter. Any native with an ear for sound can distinguish between
n and nn without hesitation. At the same time the distinctness of
these double letters is not nearly so great as e. g. in Italian, because
the first element is shorter. It is certainly not the case, as Sweet
implies ('.A Primer of Phonetics ', § 159), that the doubling of the
/ sound, e. g. in etfo, is merely apparent — the effect produced upon
the ear by a fresh stress or a new impulse beginning on the
consonant. The stress on the e and the second / is, it is quite
true, nearly equal, but the other / before the latter is as distinctly
heard as e. g. in Eng. ' a right to '. Thus the Welsh pronunciation of
the Eng-. ' pretty ' is certainly pritti. In ' cadw ' (kadu\ the instance
of " open stress " mentioned by Sweet, the case is quite different.
The k and d here also have almost equal stress, but the a is half
long, and there is nothing which suggests doubling of the consonant,
whereas in etto the first vowel is extremely short.
In the case of /, r (after short consonants), and the voiceless
spirants, the matter is not so easy to decide, as length and doubling
in these sounds are more difficult to distinguish. In old usage ' s '
was generally doubled, but there were obvious reasons against
doubling such digraphs as ' ch ', *ff', '11', and *thf. My own
conclusion is that these letters are long (not doubled) in the stressed
position, but that owing to the relatively strong stress with which final
syllables are pronounced, they are occasionally doubled in cases of
unusual emphasis ; and the same may be said of k, p, t,f, when
preceding a liquid or/, as byttra, Kikkjo, for bytra and Hikjo.
xxvi Introduction
THE VERB.
gweld, gwelad, ' to see '.
Present and Future.
Sing.
i.
gwela(v)
2.
gwelt
3-
gweliB, gu
PL
i.
gwelan, gi
2.
gwelux
3*
gwclan
Imperfect.
Sing.
i.
gwelun
2.
gwelat
3-
gwela
PI.
i.
gwelan
2.
giuelax
3*
gwclan
Preterite.
Sing.
i.
gwelis l
2.
gwehst
3-
gweloti
PI.
I.
gwelson
2.
gwdsox
3-
gwelson
Pluperfect.2
Sing.
i.
gwelsun
2.
gwelsat
3-
gwelsa
PI.
i.
gwelsan
2.
gwclsax
3-
gwelsan
1 Very rare instances of -as occur as ksdjas, tomtiutas.
- I retain this name for purposes of convenience, but the tense is used only
in a conditional or past conditional sense.
Introduction xxvii
Pres. Subjunctive.
Sing. i.
[gnelo(v)\ from gneyd
2.
—
3-
[gnelo]
PI. i.
[gnelon]
2.
[gnelox]
3-
[gnelon]
Imperative.
Sing. i.
—
2.
gwe:l, gwela
3-
gwelad
PI. i.
gwelun
2.
gwelux
3-
gwelan
Passive.
Present
gwelir
Imperfect
\klu:id{\vm klu:a</ \\\\.\\ pret. meaning]
Preterite
gweluyd
Pluperfect 1 [lesid from
1 I retain this name for purposes of convenience, but the tense is used only
In a conditional or past conditional sense.
a
a, conj. and prep., ag before vowels, the letter j, may, mi
(particle), nid, r (particle— yr), vel, ve/y, and sometimes wedi and
wedyn. [a \wedi, a xwedyn are also still often heard among old
people. Cf. also a x^no vo by the side of a gmo vo = a ganddo fo.]
The radical is often heard after a instead of the spirant mutation.
I. 'and', written 'a' and generally 'ac' at all periods, but
sometimes 'ag': gwi:r a xeluyft, 'truth and falsehood'; klo: a
xlikjad, ' lock and latch '; trol a xtfyl, 'cart and horse '; day a Qair,
'two (shillings) and three(pence) ' ; bara kaus (xaus\ 'bread and
cheese'; a fe:6 aral, 'and what is more'. Occasionally a:, a:g
when emphatic: i vjaun a:g alan, 'inside and outside'. (2) in a
verbless clause, the whole having a relative or adjectival force,
' and, with ' : dy:n a Qavod de:u (te:u) gzno vo, ' a thick-tongued man '
(i.e. a man who speaks thickly) ; het a Oolk zni hi, 'a dented hat';
mi 8o:0 o adra ag ifo bu:yd arno vo, ' he came home hungry ' ; kmtlad
ba:x a i gwasgy n dyn (den], ' a small armful, pressed well together '.
(3) 'when, while, though, on condition of*, considering that' : r o:d
?y gwiliS 180 vo beidjo taly a gmo vo gimmint o arjan, ' it was a shame
for him not to pay considering that he had so much money ' ; pu:y
vasa n medul 2 va:Q be:B a vmta mor wastadf, ' who would have
thought such a thing, considering that he is such a steady-going
individual ? ' ; xtmmun i lawar a tri:o i axyb o, ' I would not try and
save him for a great deal ' ; a minna y govyn 280 vo am beidjo bo:d
m hi:r heb alu etto, ' though I asked him to call again soon ' ; a i
gzmmyd o i gi:dt ' taking it all together '.
II. ' as ', generally written ' ag ' before vowels in Mod. Welsh.
(a) before nouns, infinitives, or pronouns after Kin, mor, 'as', ry:n,
' the same ', etc. : Kinluyttada kalxan (xalxan), ' as pale as a sheet '
(lit. piece of lime) ; mor haub a tinny la:u hydd gwynab, ' as easy as
winking ; ; (gan mod i] mor hy: a govyn, ' if I may make so bold
as to ask'; r y: va:6 a vi: (mi:, vinna, minna], 'the same as I' ;
daxi ' gistal hmro a vinna, 'you are as good a Welshman as I am '.
(b) before finite verbs. (Here a stands for ac + a, relative. Cf. W.B.
col. 22. 20. kymeint ac a ercheist) : dim n agos Kimmint a v^da,
' not nearly as many as there used to be ' ; kmtad a 'v&uxi m barod,
' as soon as you are ready '. (c) before a clause : / 9di r ta:n Sim ?y
fonna ksstal a pen vy:d 2 du:yb 3n sy:x, ' the fire does not light so well
as when the weather is dry '.
1432 B
2 a — abuyd
III. 'with'. In Old and Mid. Welsh 'a', fac'; in Mod. Welsh
generally ' a ', ' ag '. (a) expressing instrumentality : tori a fladyr,
' to cut with a scythe ' ; /foro sgidja a saim, ' to grease boots ' ; — after
gneyd: — be daxi wedi neyd a vo: (hevo vo}P, 'what have you done with
it ? ' (b) ' in company with, together with ', used with verbs of motion
to express bringing or taking : d0ux a vo: ilaur, ' bring it down ; ; mi
a: i a vo: n i o:l, ' I will take it back ' ; do:s a vo: le Keisti o, l take it
back where you found it ' ; Kerux a glo: i vmy d grif'a, ' take some
coal upstairs '. (c) in phrases Tike ifur a vo:, ' away he went ' ; adra
a vo:, etc. (d) with certain verbs as kwarvod, ' to meet ' ; kayl
madal, ' to get rid (of) '; meQy, ' to fail ' ; peidjo, ( to cease ', aspeidjux
a kaboli (x^boli], 'do not talk nonsense'; daxi ' wedi kal madal
a x annuyd?, 'have you got rid of your cold?'; mi veQis a xa-'I,
1 1 failed to get '. (e) with certain adverbs as Iron, digon, dgest,
gwastad, kuderbyn (kdverbyn), etc., q.v. Cf. also gid a.
a, relative, a, D., ' who, which '. Scarcely used in popular speech,
except in proverbs and a few other stereotyped expressions. It
usually, however, leaves its trace in the mutation of the verb as
hmny na:6 i, ' (it is) this (which) she did '. When the omitted
words are 'a'i' (i.e. relative + ' ei ' — ' his ', 'her', { it ') there is
no mutation, e.g. hmny kodob o, '(it is) this (which) caused it'.
Where literary ' a'i ' or ' a'u ' would occur before a verb beginning
with a vowel, h is prefixed to the verb, as rvo: horftrob hi,
' (it is) he (who) ordered it '. — Examples of a are : bed bsnnag a
neuxi (= bed bdnnag neuxi}, 'whatever you do'; m0ur& a la:b,
ebril a vliy (prov.), ' March slays, April flays ' ; r he:n a u:yr a r
ivayk a dsbja (prov.), ' the old man knows, and the young man
thinks (he knows) ' ; dy:n a i helpo /, ' God help him ! ' ; dy:n a i
stir jo /, ' poor fellow ! ' (lit. ' may God consider him ').
<2, inter]., ah, D., s.v. ' ehem ' ; ' ah ! '
abal, adj., abyl, W.S. ; abl, D. ; cf. D.G. ccxxxix. 10; 'able':
dy.n abal, 'able man' ( — galy:og}] dim 3n abal i mnil i tammad,
' not able to earn their living '.
abar, s., aber, D., 'confluence'. Except in place-names this
word is only used by fishermen, etc., when referring to the mouth
of the river Saint at Carnarvon, e. g. krotsi r abar.
abuyd, s.m., abwyd, D. (i) 'a bait for catching fish or setting
a trap ' ; may o wedi mynd a r abuyd i gi:d, ' it (the fish) has
carried off the whole bait ' ; gosod abuyd i Sal luynog, ' to set a trap
for a fox'. (2) ' lug-worms' (Arenicola piscatoria). Two varieties
are distinguished, abuyd dy: and abuyd lu:yd, the difference in colour
depending on the nature of the shore ; abuyd melys, ' large worms
found in the sand of the sea-shore and used as bait' (Eunice
sanguinea). (3) ' shred, particle, vestige ' : / o:s na 8i'm abud o hono
vo, may o wedi mynd, ' there is not a trace of him, he has gone ' ; mi
gdmmis i §u:y valwan dy: a cbmma vi n dgobjo nu nes o:d na dim
a:d — adra 3
aluyd o 'honynu (O.H.), ' I took two slugs and squashed them (in
my hands) until there was not a whole particle of them left' (as
a remedy for warts). — Cf. T.N. 169. 37.
a:d (I.W.; O.K.), aid (E.].),ja:d (J.J.; W.H.), s.m., iad, D.,
* the vault of the head '.
adag, s.f., pi. adega, adeg, D., ' time, a stated time or season '; r y:n
adag daxi y kzmmyd brekwasl vory ?, ' will you have breakfast at the
same time to-morrow ?' ; adag Kinjo, adag te:} 'dinner time, tea time' ;
mi 80:6 o r y:n adag a \i:, ' he came the same time as you ' ; / oy^un
i dim 9y gubod pa: adag o.y8 2, na le: r oybun T\ na dim by:d, ' I didn't
know what time it was, nor where I was, nor anything ' ; r adag ma
vory, ' this time to-morrow ' ; daxi wedi penny r adag ?, ' have you
settled the time ? ' ; ar 9r adag honno, ( at that time ' ; daxi y gweld
9r adag m hi:r ?, ' does the time seem long to you ? ' ; ma r adag
9m pa/'o y gynt u6 i mi 8u:ad i 8eyd streyon, ' the time passes
quicker when I come and tell stories ' ; adag 'a'nivir jaun ar 9
vluybyn, ' a very unpleasant time of year ' ; may m burn ar adega,
4 it is raining at intervals '.
adan, s.f., adain, D., but aden, s.v. ' ala' — pi. adenyS : (i) 'wing'
(but asgal is commoner) ; adenj'd plug, ( the feathers of a plug '
(in slate-quarrying, etc.). (2) 'fin'. (3) •= stilan t>rt:8, 'mould-
board of a plough '. (4) pi. edyn, hedyn, ' spoke '. (O. H. always
uses this word, but sboksan is more generally employed.)
adar, s.pl., sing, deryn, m., adar, D., f birds ' : adar (/] to:,
' sparrows ' ; adar (zr) eira, ' fieldfares (Turdus pilaris) ' ; deryn
korf= d2j[y:an, 'owl'; deryn buy, 'aderyn y bwnj 'bittern' (but
remembered only as in use long ago as a term of reproach. O.H.);
adar pefiwaig, applied to terns of all species = gwenoljad 9 mo:r ;
deryn sgbv'e'yBys, ' bird of prey ' ; adar di:ar&, ' migratory birds ' ;
deryn an sevyl ar 9 vn'gan, ' a bird sitting on the branch ' ; mm
deryn., expletive ; gwel y:n deryn meun Ja:u na day meun lu:yn
(prov.), * a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush ' ; la:8 day
Seryn ag y:n ergid (prov.), ' to kill two birds with one stone ' ;
ma na adar dy:on 9m mho:b taluyQ (prov.), ' there are black sheep
in every family '.
adeiljad, s.m., adeilad, D., s.v. ' aedificium ' ; ' building ' (semi-
literary = bildiri).
adeiljady, v., adeiladu, D., s.v. ' aedifico ' ; 'to build ' (semi-
literary = bildjo).
adtoS, s.m., adladd, D., ' aftermath '.
adnod, s.f., pi. adnoda, adnod, D., ' verse of the Bible ' : pbgy
r adnod i r drevn, ' to twist a verse of the Bible to make it fit the
system '.
adra, adv., adref, D., ' home ; at home ' : mynd adra, ' to go
B 2
4 aduy — agor
home ' ; tdi o adra ?, ' is he at home ? ' ; taly r exuyn adra, ' to
retaliate ' = taly r pu.yO m o:L
aduy, s.f., pi. aduya, aduy on, adwy, D., 'gap ', e.g. for a way to
pass through ; aduy i lidjart, ' a gap for a gate ' ; tori aduy i vildjo
ty:, ' to take down a piece of wall or hedge to build a house ' ; kay
aduy boljon, gneyd aduy wry:sg, ' to close a gap by means of fixing
stakes in the ground and twining branches between them '. Fig.
may o 9m mho:b aduy, ' he is to be depended upon in any
emergency '. Cf. bulx.
aduyQ, s.m., adwyth, D., ' hurt, disease ' : ma: riu aduyd arno
vo j may o wedi had riu aduy 6.
adyn, s.m., adyn, D., 'a poor wretch, a pitiable creature ' : wedi
kay I i adal zny.n adyn ar i ben i hy:n ; adyn tryenys.
aba, Adda, ' Adam '. aba g eva (i.e. ' Adam and Eve '), a plant-
name (O.H.). I am informed that this term is applied here to
'monkshood' (Aconitum Napellus), but in Anglesey it is applied
to the ' cuckoo-pint ' (Arum maculatum), and in S. Carnarvonshire
to the ' early purple orchis ' (Orchis mascula) ; maip ada, ' the
roots of the black bryony ' (Tamus communis) ; dagra ada,
' Sedum sieboldi '.
abewid, s.f., addewid, D., ' promise ' : tori, kadu adewi'd, ' to
break, keep a promise '. Cf. gafto.
abod, addod, D. — u:y abod, 'nest egg' (I.W.).
aboli, v., addoli, D., ' adore, admire highly ' : du i n leikjo ka:l
v aboli, ' I like to be admired '.
abuvn, adj., addfwyn, D. ; addwyn, W.LI. liv. 89, 'gentle':
abityn vel o:yn.
abvad, adj., comp. abveitaXi addfed, D., ' ripe '.
abvedy, v., addfedu, D., 'to ripen '.
afiiu ; wafliu (O.H. frequently), s., afHiw, S.E., ' shred, particle':
du i wedi losgi vo i gi:d, t o:s na bi??i afliu o hono vo, ' I have burnt it
all, there is not a shred of it left' ; tori rulaQ m afliu ; — dim afliu
o ivynt, ' not a breath of wind ' ; / o:d o bim 9771 brivo r y:n afliu^
' it did not hurt in the slightest ' ; / 0:8 na bim afliu o hono vo,
' there were no signs of him (he had absolutely disappeared) '.
agan^ s.f., pi. agenna, agen, D., 'a natural cleft, e.g. in a rock or
in the earth ' : may o wedi tori agan ar i la:u, ' he has cut his hand
open '. Also hagan (O.H.).
agor, agoryd, v., agori, D., but egoryd, agor, s.v. ' aperio '.
Fut. S. i.gora, 2. gori, 3. goriB. PL \.goran, 2. gorux, 3- goran.
Fret, gon's (no pi.). Imperative, agor; gorux, 'to open (in all
senses) '. agor dru:s, fenast, boks, ' to open a door, window,
box ' ; agor Ki:l dru:s, ' to put a door ajar ' ; agor tfe:g, ' to gape ' ;
agor — akkar 5
loy wedi agor truibi, ' a ship completely split open ' ; toy wedi agor
in buy, ' a ship split in two ' ; mi goroft 3 pot m 8qy, ' the pot came
in two '.
agor, s.m., pi. agoryS, (in slate quarries) ' the opening of a
bargain ' : y:n medrys o r agor i r kar, * a workman who is skilled
in all the operations of a slate quarry (from the opening of a
bargain to the tipping of the rubbish) '.
agor ad, gorad, adj., agored, D., 'open': wel i \i beidjo gadal
dfenast dn agorad, ' you had better not leave the window open ' ;
loft agorad, ' loft open to the air ' ; gadux 9 dru:s ay gi:l gorad,
' leave the door ajar ' ; bdan gorad, ' wide open ' ; hu:x gorad =
hu:x vagy, ' brood sow '.
agos, adv., comp. (a)gosax, agos, D., ' near, close ; nearly ' : ista,
mynd, m agos i r ta:n, ' to sit, go, near the fire ' ; mi vasa hmny
n agosax i r gwi:r,~ ' that would be nearer the truth ' ; m agos
i bymp, ' nearly five (o'clock) ' ; er s n agos i $u:y vhna§, ' since
nearly two years ' ; planny n rhy: agos, ' to plant too close ' ; dim
n agos kdstalfort o weiBjurs, i not nearly such good workmen '.
ai, ai, D. (i) interrogative particle. Very often used in the
expression ai ye/, 'really!', 'you don't mean it!', e.g. du i n
mynd vory. Ans. ai ye ! Sometimes occurs also before nouns and
adjectives as : ai kany may of, 'is he singing ? ' ; ai ko:\ di o P,
' is it red ? ', to express emphasis instead of the ordinary 9di o y
kany, etc. It is, however, far more often omitted in such cases.
(2) in dependent questions, 'whether', in sentences of the form:
on i Sim dy gubod ai rvo: o:y§ o, ' I did not know whether it was
he '. (3) conj. representing the second ' ai ' in ' naill ai . . . ai ',
Lat. ' an ', used only with peidjo to express * or not ' after ' whether ' :
wj'8a hi dim 0:8 o dmma ai peidjo (feidjo), * she did not know
whether he was here or not '.
ail, adj., ail, D., ' second ' : ail u:r, ail wraig, ' second husband,
second wife ' ; bo:b m ail, ' alternately ' (Anglo- Welsh, ' every
other'); bo:b 3n ail durnod, 'every other day'. Prefixed to verbs
to express repetition of an action, e. g. -ail 'dri:o, ' to try again ' ;
'ail'dummo, ' to warm up again ' ; 'ail'neyd, ' to make again ', etc.,
e. g. wedi ail i neyd, ' made over again ' ; rhaid i mi -ail'neydo vory,
1 1 must cook it again to-morrow ' ; wedi 'ail'ga:l annuyd, ' to have
caught cold again ' ; wedi ail i ga:l o, ' to have caught it again '.
l, v., ' to change one's mind '.
ais, s.pl.. sing, eisan, f., ais, D., ' laths, esp. those to which slates
are attached on a roof, and which themselves are attached to the
sbaraitf!
akkar, s.m.f., pi. aKeri, acr, T.N. 9. 39, ' acre ' : akkar o di:r, ' an
acre of land ' ; akkar o wair (di:r gwair), ' an acre of hay '.
akku — axyb
akku, when enclitic aku, dku, ku, adv. accw, D., ' there, yonder ' :
ty: akku daxi n ve§ul ?, ' is it that house you mean ? ' ; vluxi * 'ty:
aku ?, ' do you see that house ? ' ; akku 3m maygor, ' over in Bangor ' ;
d ru:m i vdny ku, ' the room upstairs there ' ; be sy -gin ti ku ?,
' what have you got there ? ' Often equivalent to ' at home ' : syt
ma: r t'eyly aku ?, e how are you all at home ? '
ak'seis, s., ' exercise '.
akseifo, v. (i) 'to exercise, drill'. (2) ' to challenge, incite by
throwing the arms about ', etc. : akseif'o dy:n i gufjo, ' to incite a
man to fight '.
aksis, s., acsus, G.O. ii. 194. 2 i, Eng. (Dial.) access. Cf. Fr. acces.
Only in the exp. krsnny r aksis, ' a fit of the ague '. Cf. kry:d.
a:x, s., pi. a\a ; ja:x, \&-jax& (O.H.) ach, D. ; iach C.C.M. 90. 24 ;
385.26; G.R. 9. 10, generally used in the plural: 'origin, ante-
cedents'. "tasaxi y gubod i haxa 'vasaxi §im zn troi n i my.sg, 'if
you knew their antecedents you would not associate with them ' ;
holi axa vo, ' to inquire about his antecedents '.
ax, interjection implying disgust : ax (?) boxi! (used in speaking
to children).
axan, sometimes for vaxgan, 'my lad'.
a\lod, s.f., achlod, T.N. 322. 15, only in the interjection r axlod
vaur ! implying surprise = nearly, di:ar annul I
axfyst, s., achlust, R., ' report, vague rumour ' : ka:l axlyst = ka:l
riii 0ugrym, riu grap.
axos, s.m.; pi. axtf'on, achos, D., 'cause': hcb raid nag axos 280
neyd o, * without any cause or necessity for him to do so '; / o:s dim
axos i x* gwyno am mo:d i n hu:yr heno, ' you have no cause for
complaint because I am late to-night ' ; — also in religious sense :
gwe'3i:o am luibjant ar dr axos, ' to pray for success for the cause '.
Conj., ' because ' : may y:n o r sgoljon wedi xay axos bo:d d vre:x
go:x ogumpas, 'one of the schools has been closed because there
are measles about ' ; axos bod nu y kay gweiQjo, ' because they won't
work'. Cf. R.B. 114. 14; L.A. 158. 4.
axost, v., achosi, S.E., ' to cause '.
axuyn, v.7 achwyn, D., s.v. ' queritor '. Pret. xuinis, xunis, ' to
tell tales ' : ma: r plant m axuyn 9 nail ar ^ lal, ' the children tell
tales about one another ' ; kail bara me:l am axuyn, ' to get bread
and honey for telling tales ' ; peidjux axuyn arno vo, ' don't split on
him'.
axyb, v., achub, D. Pret. S. (i) xibis, (2) \ibist , (3) xybob. PI. 3
xybson. Imperatively^, (i) 'to seize': axyb 2 hvleystra, 'to
seize the opportunity'; axyb d bla:yn, 'to anticipate, forestall';
bla:yn 9 rheuja, ' to forestall the frost ' ; axyb i gam, ' to defend
alar\ — am 7
oneself ne:s i axyb 3 gham hevo vo, 'I defended myself from him
(e.g. by striking first)'. (2) 'to save': axyb i V0wyd, 'to save his
life'.
) s.m., pi. elyrx, alarch, D., * swan '.
ali, s., alei, W.S. [alley] ' passage between seats in a chapel '.
aljokar, s., 'yellow-ochre'.
altrad, s.m., 'alteration'.
altro, v., altro, C.C. 88. 15; T.N. 187. 27, 'to alter, change'
(either for good or bad) : may r d0wy§ wedi altro heibju — am la:u,
' the weather has changed to-day — for rain ' ; may o wedi altro n
aru, ' he has changed very much ' ; altro i su:n, ' to change its
sound '.
alan, adv., allan, D., ' out ' : mynd alan, ' to go out ' ; may o
a Ian, ' he is out ' ; 0:8 alan, ' on the outside ' ; alan o le:, ' out of
place, wrong', e.g. ma na rubaQ alan o le: \ — alan o r going, 'out
of sight ' ; ty: ^wiQig a!an, 'wrong side out'.
a:lt [ga:lt\.
altidio, v., alldudiaw, C.Ch. 46. 5 ; alltudo, D., 'in exilium pellere '.
Used as a threat with no definite meaning attached : mi altidja i di
os griei di o (O.H.).
am, prep., am. With pronouns : S. i. am dana (i\ 2. am 'danat(f),
3. am dano (vo}, am dani (hi). PI. i. am 'danon(i},a?n 'danan(i],
2. am 'danox(i)-, am 'danax(i\ 3' am 'danyn(u)t Followed by the
vocalic mutation, except in am byQ.
i . ' around, round ' : kbmmy am, ' to twist round (of a creep-
ing plant) ' ; tmny 9 kro:yn 0:8 am rubaQ, ' to take the skin or peel
off something ' ; mi ro:Q o bappyr am d lyvr, ' he put paper round
the book '. — Esp. with regard to articles of clothing : may hi tj
gwisgo am dani, ' she is getting dressed ' ; rhaid i ni ivisgo am
danan, ' we must get dressed ' ; rhoid sgidja am 9 nrhayd, ' to
put boots on'; rh0u\ ?x kap am vxpen, 'put your cap on' ; tznny
yho:t o:d am dana, ' to take my coat off ' ; mi dmnis i golar 0:8
am t u8u vo, ' I took his collar off'.
2. ' on the other side of : may o m byu am d parad a vi:, ' he
lives next door to me ' ; am 3 for a ni:, ' on the other side of
the road to us '.
3. ' about, concerning, of : 'glu:soxi so:n am dano vo /, ' have
you heard (speak) of him ? ' ; deyd d gwi:r am dano vo, i to tell the
truth about him '.
4. ' with regard to ' : may o n lukkys am waiB, ' he is lucky with
regard to (getting) work'; r 0:8 znle: dajaun amy:n pe:6, 'it was
a very good place for one thing '. Cf. also the adjectives 'ano'beidjol
am, ' in despair at ' ; garu am, ' fond of, great at ' ; ha.yl am,
8 am
' generous with ' ; da: am, ' good at ' ; wayQ am dano vo, ' never
mind '.
5. ' at (of time) ' : am bay (o r glo:\), * at two (o'clock) ' ; am
vaint o r glo:x 'gwimuxi de: .?, ' at what time will you have tea ? '
6. 'lor, for the space of (referring to time)': am dridja, 'for
three days ' ; gweitjux am vynyd, ' wait a minute ' ; am vaint (f) pariQ
o etto .p, ' how much longer will it last ? ' ; am byQ, k for ever '.
7. 'for, for the distance of: mi auni am viltir etto, l we will
go (for) another mile '. Cf. mynd am dro:, ' to go for a walk'.
8. ' for ' (of a number of times) : am d fro: kmta.
9. ' for ' (of price) : be daxi y godi am d rhei n ?, ' how much do
you charge for these ? '
10. 'for, in exchange for, instead of: ga: i §ay yivc:x am
su:llP} 'may I have two sixpences for a shilling?'; ka:l bar a me:l
am axuyn, ' to get bread and honey for telling tales ' ; be di r fottrra:ig
am . . . ?, ' what is the Welsh for . . . ?'
11. 'for' (indicating direction): mynd am i garfra, 'to make
for home ' ; troi i vmy am y w/a:d, ' to turn up (out of a high road),
to get into the country ' ; mynd am vaygor, ' to make for Bangor '.
12. without a verb of motion, implying a desire of getting
something or of going somewhere, expressed sometimes in English
by ' for ', as ' are you for London ? ' = daxi am lyndan ? ; daxi am
<ghtys, am gappalP, 'are you going to church, to chapel?'; vcl
ka:B am levn'O, ' like a cat after milk ' ; daxi am xwanag .p, ' are you
going to have some more ? ' (lit., ' are you for more ').
13. followed by a verb, 'about to': may hi am vuru, 'it is
going to rain ' ; daxi am vynd ahm ?, ' are you going out ? ' ; daxi
am dmig heibju />, ' are you off anywhere to-day ? ' ; / o:yd ne:b am
vcntro, ' no one would venture '.
14. without a verb expressed, implying an occurrence im-
pending, especially in connexion with the weather : may hi am la:u,
' there's rain coming ' ; may hi am xwanag o eira, ' there's more
snow coming ' ; may hi am §urnod po:y6, ' it's going to be a hot day '.
15. ' for, for the purpose of : pe:6 garu ddi darlan am godi if'o
kysgy, ' reading is a dreadful thing for making one sleepy ' ; mido:6
o am vcnBig hla6, ' he came to borrow a knife ' ; am 9 gora, ' in
emulation' (Fr. 'a qui mieux mieux ', Anglo-Welsh, 'for the best '),
e. g. rhedag mo am d gora, ' to see who can get there first ' ; mynd
am or a ra:s hevo mi, ' to run a race with me ' ; so also : — gweibi
am dr yxa, ' to shout in emulation ; to see who can shout the
loudest ' ; xwara am 9 sala, ' to play a rotten game '.
1 6. 'for, as far as concerns': ta iva.yO am fanny, 'for the
matter of that ' ; ' if that is anything ' (lit. if it were worse as concerns
that) ; am un i, ' as far as I know, for (what) I know '.
17. 'at the risk of : kovja am d3 v0wyd! ' mind you remember'
(i.e. if you value your life).
1 8. ' because of : am (i) mo:d inmeSul, ' because I thought ' ; —
am — 'am'hosi'bilruyb 9
also used as a conjunction before na(d) — am na vedrun du:ad zy
gynt, ' because I could not come sooner '.
19. with ben, 'over ; at' : r o:d hi n tavly du:r am 9 mhenni,
1 she was pouring water over me ' ; x^^rBin am i benno, ' to laugh at
him ' ; gneyd sbort, ka:l hu:yl am i benno, ' to make fun of him '.
20. after certain nouns as di:olx am, 'thanks for'; ovn am,
1 fear for ', etc.
21. after certain verbs difficult to classify, as -ayhovjo am, * to
forget about ' ; deyd uB nu:in am . . ., ' to tell somebody to . . , ' ;
disgul am, ' to wait for ' ; edrax am, ' to see (some one), to call upon,
to look for ' ; galu am, ' to call for ' ; gobeiQjo am, ' to hope for ' ;
govaly am, 'to take care of; govyn am, 'to ask for '; govyn i ru:in
am . . . , ' to ask some one to . . .'; gwe-§i:o am, ' to pray for ' ; gweld
bat am, ' to blame for ' ; gweld 9 werdon am, ' to wait long for, to
long for ' ; hireyQy am, ' to long for ' ; kovjo am, ' to remember
about ' ; xwiljo <*M, ' to look for ' ; morol am, ' to bear in mind to ' ;
medul am, 'to think of, etc.
ambal, adj. and adv., ambell, D., s.v. 'rarus'; 'now and then,
occasionally ' (but always with a substantive) : ambal i 8y:n, ' here
and there a man ' ; ambal (z) dro:, ' occasionally ' ; ambal y:n,
' an occasional one ' ; may hi m bra:v a?nbal i fturnod, ' it is fine on
occasional days ' ; may hi n wel ambal i usnos na i gili§, ' it is
better some weeks than others'; may hi y gneyd ambal i gavod,
' there is a shower now and then ' .
amdo, s.f., amdo, D., ' shroud '.
amdifin, v., amddiffyn, D. Fut. am&fma, ( to defend': ambifin
i blaid, ' to stick up for his party '.
amfttvad, adj., amddifad, D., s.v. 'orphanus'; 'destitute' (fol-
lowed by the preposition o) : plenlyn amdivad, * orphan '.
amdivady, v., amddifadu, D., s.v. ' orbo ' ; ' to deprive ' : amftivady
o jexid, venyyd.
amgorn, s.m., amgarn, D., ' a ring of metal round the handle of
a scythe or knife where the blade meets it ; round the end of the
handle of a hammer ; round the tip of a cow's horn ', etc. ; also
' ferrule ' : amgorn ar vla:ynfon.
am-heyaQ, s.m., ammheuaeth, D., s.v. ' dubitatio ' ; ' doubt ' : / o:s
na dim am'heyaB am dano vo, ' there is no doubt about it ' ; meun
amheyaQ, ' in doubt '.
am'heys, adj., ammheus D., s.v. 'dubitosus'; 'doubtful': may
o n am'heys o hona i, ' he is doubtful of me ' ; r 0:8 o n §istau, ve/y
r 0:8 o n am'heys 'gmonu, ' he was quiet, so they did not know what
to make of him '.
-am-hosib, adj., ammhosibl, D., s.v. * impossibilis ' ; ' impossible '.
•am'hosi-bilruyft, s.m., ' impossibility '.
i o amkan — ammuys
amkan, s.m. ; pi. amkanjon, amcan, D., (i) ' purpose, object ':
ma: gin i riu amkan i vynd, ' 1 have some object in going ' ; be
o:d 9\ amkan u6 vynd />, ' what was your object in going ? ' ; mynd
dno dan ar amkan o i weld o, ' to go there with the object of seeing
him ' ; may o wedi drzsy dn i amkanjon bidol, ' his affairs have
become embarrassed ' ; wedi medy i amkan, ' to have failed in one s
object '. (2) ' conjecture, guess, inkling ' : ma: gin i riu amkan puy
sy wedi dry o, ' I have some idea who sent it ' ; 'wyboxi amkan le
may o?, 'have you any conjecture as to where it is?'. (3) 'con-
jecturing faculty ' : amkan 9 Iraur ddi i bgad o, c the conjecturing
faculty of the ploughman is in his eye ' ; so also amkan go: ; 9 go:
9y gweiQjo u8 i amkan} amkan bgad.
amkanys, adj., amcanus, M.A. ii, 255. 39, ' resourceful, deft ':
may o n reit amkanys, ' he has a very good idea how to set about
things', said e.g. of a beginner = sgilgar.
amlug, adj., amlwg, D. (i) ' clear, evident': may n amlug jaun
heiftju, ' it is very clear to-day ' (of an object) ; gweld 9n amlug, ' to
see clearly ' ; may n amlug ( = eglyr) i mi, ' it is clear to me ' :
klu:ad m amlug, ' to hear clearly '. (2) ' exposed ' : le: amlug • le:
amlug i r gwynt. Cf. G.R. 3. 12.
ambgy, v., amlygu, D. (i) 'to explain, make plain': 'vedru\i
ambgy vi ? (for 'i mi'), 'can you enlighten me?' (2) 'to dis-
close ' : paid ti ambgy dim am 3 pe:Q du i n i §eyd.
amma, v., ammau, D., s.v. ' dubito '. Pret. amheyis. (i)'to
doubt ' : / zdu i dim dn amma na neiQ i gh'rfo, ' I don't doubt it will
clear up ' ; / 9du i Sim m amma na grieyd m jaun §ary o, ' I don't
doubt he did right ' ; / ddu i dim an amma na rieiQ o m ono vo, ' I
don't doubt he will not do it '. — With a person as direct object :
may o ?i v amma z', 'he doubts me'. (2) 'to suspect, expect,
imagine ' : r zdu i n amma, ' I dare say it is ', 'I expect it is '.
animal, adv., ami, D., comp. amlax, ' often ' : may hi n digu§
m ammal vely, ' it often happens so ' ; dma be glu:\i ami a, ' that's
what you hear most often ', ' that is the expression generally used ' ;
rhan amla, * for the most part '.
atnmod, s.f., ammod, D. (i) 'agreement, covenant, condition':
gneyd ammod i neyd rubad, ' to make an agreement to do some-
thing ' : ar sr ammod o du:ad (280 vo 8u:ad) m o:l am u:yO, ' on
condition of his coming back at eight ' ; ammod prjodas, ' promise
of marriage ' ; tori ammod prjodas, ' breach of promise '. (2) used
of a cow expected to calve : ammod byu\ i du:ad a lo:\ — pry:d may
ihammoti?, 'when is she expected to calve?'; may hi bron ar
ben i hammod. Cf. D.G. ex. 5.
ammuys, adj., amwys, D., 'ambiguous, equivocal ': riu air
ammuys ddi o, ' it is an ambiguous expression ', e. g. it need not
necessarily be taken in a bad sense. Also of persons : dy:n
ammyd — anduyo 1 1
ammuys jaun adi o, distau, ar i ben i hy:n, 'he is a man you can
make nothing of, quiet, keeping to himself.
ammyd, s., amyd, D., ' far, frumentum ' ; only in bara ammyd, ex-
plained by JJ. as bread made of wheat or barley as distinguished
from that made of oats or rye.
amrant, s.f., pi. amranta, amrant, D., ' eyelid '.
amriu, amryw, D., ' several ' : amriu o eirja.
amsar, s.m. (but r amsar hunnu, honno, or hmny], pi. amsera,
amserod, amser, D., ' time ' : na i Parian o pey ga: i amsar, ' I will
read it when I have time' ; ^ mhen amsar, 'after a certain time';
ma: r amsar dgest i ben, ' the time is just up ' ; may amsar garu,
' there is plenty of time ' ; vaint o amsar rieiQ o bara ?, ' how long
will it last ? ' ; amsar Kinjo, ' dinner time ' ; ar o:l i amsar, ' late ' ;
o vla:yn i amsar, 'early'; i r amsar, 'punctual', e.g. da\i i r
amsar hetiju, ' you are punctual to-day ' ; mi do:6 m bgad i amsar,
'he came at the nick of time'; bo:b amsar, 'always', e.g. may
r vre:x go:x zy gadal rubaQ ar i hod bo:b amsar, ' measles always
leave some effect behind them '.
an-, an- : a negative prefix always bearing full stress. Before
another ' n ' the ' n ' is doubled when the word is pronounced with
unusual emphasis, as 'an'nivir, — otherwise 'a'nivir.
ana, s.m., anaf, D., 'deformity': 'vtianu y hmmyd ne:b a riu
ana no vo, ' they take no one who has any deformity ' ; may ana
arno vo er i enedigaQ, ' he is deformed from birth '.
anadl, s.f., anadl, D., ' breath ' (more often expressed by gwynf).
anadly, v., anadlu, D., ' to breathe '.
anair, s.m., anair, D., * calumny' : rhoid anair i ru:in, ' to calum-
niate some one, to blacken some one's character '.
'an-ammal, adv., anaml, D., s.v. 'raro'; 'seldom': dm by:r
'an'ammal, ' very seldom '.
•ana-tirjol, adj., annaturiol, C.C.M. 157. 31, 'unnatural'.
anavys, adj., anafus, D., 'painful': ma nu n anavysjaun; 3di o
n anavys jaun gin ti? Cf. navod, navy.
andros, s., andras, D.G. ccxx. 42, mild equivalent of djaul,
' deuce ' : mynd vel zr andros, ' to go like the deuce ' ; ywara r
andros, ' to play the deuce ' ; ma r andros m i gor§i o, ' the devil is
in him '.
anduyo, v., amdwyo, M.LI. i. 5. i ; andwyo, C.C. 148. 15; T.N.
47. 28 ; 138. 16 (Eng. ' undo '), ' to spoil, injure ' : ma: r gwynto:yr
ma wedi handuyo nu, 'this cold wind has spoilt them' (e.g. the
flowers) ; anduyo plentyn, ' to spoil a child ' = dveQa plentyn hevo
moyQa.
1 2 anduyol — 'a'nidig
anduyol, adj., andwyol, S.E., 'harmful, injurious': ma na day
be:6 m anduyol i r y:d.
•a-neduvd, -a'nzduyb, adj., annedwydd, D., 'unpleasant, disagree-
able', in the old saying tri: fe:6 -a'niduyb — ty: mdglyd, devni, gwraig
rinktyd (O.H.), 'three disagreeable things — a smoky house, drops,
and a scolding woman'. Cf. Prov. xxvii. 15; M.A. iii. 259 a. 31.
'an'esmuyQ, adj., anesmwyth, W.B. col. 59. 23. (i) 'uneasy,
anxious ' : 'an'esmuyQ dn v? mebul ; mynd 9n 'an'esmuyQ ar 9 vh0unt i.
(2) 'uncomfortable': kry:s 'awesmuyQ.
'ane'smuyQo, v., anesmwytho, R., ' to become uneasy, anxious '.
'a-neSa, adj., annethe, T. N. 4. 16 ; 73. 16 ; 405. 23; anneheu,
D., s.v. ' sinister ' ; ' bungling ' = LyuxwiB, x^^og-
'an'favrjol, adj., anffafriol, S.E. ; anffafrol, C.C. 454. 31,
' unfavourable '.
'anfortynys, adj., anffortunus, S.E.*, ' unfortunate '. Seldom
used — 'an'lukkys.
'an-happy 's, adj., anhappus, 2 Esd. xv. 59. Cf. D.G. cli. 15,
' unhappy '.
•an'hebig) adj., annhebyg, D., s.v. * dissimilis' ; ' unlike '.
•an'hcilum, 'an-heihnj, adj., annheilwng, D., s.v. ' indignus '.
(i) 'dishonest': mynd an • aw he Hum a pc:6. (2) 'gained by dis-
honest means ' : Keinjog 'awheilum eiQ a du:y a hi: (prov.), ' a
penny dishonestly gained will take away two with it ', i. e. ' honesty
is the best policy '.
•an'h0usfar} s.m., anhawsder, D., ' difficulty '.
•airhuyldab, s.m., anhwyldeb, S.E. (i) 'a derangement of the
functions of the body or mind ' : riu 'an'hiiyldab 081 vjaun ido vo;
'an'huyldab ar gefyL (2) 'unpleasantness', e.g. such as might
arise though a dispute : pobol ay grieyd 'an'huyldab dn 3 gwaiB.
'an'huylys, 'an'hoylys, adj., anhwylus, D. (i) ' difficult to manage
or deal with ' : dy:n, Kefyl 'an'huylys. (2) said of tools, etc., which
work badly: gwciBjo n 'an'huylys. (3) 'inconvenient': may n
'an'huylys jaun i mi vynd. Cf. 'ayrvleys.
•an'hwryd, adj., anhyfryd, D., s.v. ' insuavis ' ; ' unpleasant'.
' a' nib an ^ adj., anniben, D., 'slow, dilatory' : Kerftad dn 'a'niban,
'a'niban m ddsgy, 'a'niban i vynd i r kappal, gweiQjo n 'a'niban ;
— mendjo n 'a'niban, ' to improve slowly (in health) '.
'a'niban, adj., anniddan, D., s.v. ' illaetabilis ' ; ' dull, not enter-
taining ' : dy:n
•a-ntfag, adj., anniddig, R., ' cross, bad-tempered, crabbed', esp.
of children.
•a'niujol — annuyl 1 3
-a-niujol, adj., annuwiol, D., s.v. ' impius ' ; ' ungodly, profane '.
Used also facetiously as an intensifying adverb as bli:n 'a-niujol,
1 terribly peevish '.
anival, nival, s.m., pi. aniveiljad, niveiljad, anifail, D., ' animal ' :
may o vel nival, ' he is a brutish man '.
• a'nivir ) adj., anifyrr, D., s.v. ' iniucundus '. (i) ' nasty, un-
pleasant ' : le 'a'nivir ar i ben i hy:n, ' an unpleasant lonely place ' ;
durnod smit 'a'nivir, ' an unpleasant rainy day ' ; dy:n 'a'nivir, ' an
unpleasant man'; = dy:n ka:s, dy:n bli:n. (2) 'uncomfortable
(in mind) ' : o:n i n teimlo n 'a'nivir jaun, 1 1 was feeling very
uncomfortable '.
anjal, adj., anial, D., ' deserted, lonely ' : le: anjal.
anjalux, s.m., anialwch, D., 'wilderness', e.g. a place overgrown
with trees in their wild state: dim ond anjalux a drssni; ko:yd ag
anjaiux- (Perhaps a scriptural reminiscence, but frequently used
by O.H. Cf., however, the true popular form njalux-)
•anjo'bevol, adj., annioddefol, S.E., 'unbearable'.
•a'njolxgar, adj., anniolchgar, D., s.v. ' ingratus ' ; ' ungrateful '.
'an'luk, s.f., anlwcc, C.C.M. 43. 33, ^bad luck, mishap':
o.
•an-lukkys, adj., anlwccus, C.C.M. 451. 20, ' unlucky '.
•awbgys, adj., anolygus, D., s.v. ' indecens ' ; ' unsightly ' : bar a
'di:'olug, 'an'bgys ; dy:n 'an'hgys dn debig i vugan brain, 'an ugly
fellow like a scarecrow '.
'an'nhe:g, adj., annheg, M.A. i. 490 a. 28, ' unfair '.
annos, hannos, v., annos, D. (i) 'to set on': annos Hi:. As
compared with fofo, hannos Hi: is to make a dog drive the sheep
on (m i bleynd] or away from some place, hyfo is to make him catch
hold of them (ga:l 280 vo gsdjad -ynynu). In the first case the dog
barks, in the second he does not (O.H.). Cf. also koidi. (2)
Also used of the act of driving, e. g. hannos nu alan o r ti:r pori,
' to drive them (by means of a dog) out of the pasture '.
'an'nrhevn, s., annhrefn, D., ' disorder '.
anrniyd, s.m., annwyt, W.B. col. 6. 21; anwyd, D. (i) 'a
cold ' : du i wedi ka:l annuyd (sometimes r annttyd), ' I have caught
cold ' ; may o wedi ka:l annuyd dn o: drum, ' he has caught rather a
bad cold'; annuyd dn i dru.yn, 'a cold in his nose'. (2) 'cold
(generally) ' : krmny gin annuyd, ' to shiver with cold ' ; o:s nax*
annuyd?, ' are you cold ? '
annuyl, adj., anwyl, D. (i) 'dear'. (2) 'pleasant, delightful,
e. g. of weather'. (3) ' lovable, lovely ' : ma: na rubaB annuyl jaun
dn iforS o, ' there is something very lovable in his ways ' ; gwynab
annuyl, ' a lovely face '. (4) with variations of the word dyu as an
1 4 "an 'obaiQ — antirjo
exclamation of surprise (cf. du lieber Gott !), dyu annul!, dyuks
annul /, di:ar annul /, pobol (bobol] annul /, ta:d annul /, taid annul /,
' good gracious ! ' (The form in u occurs especially often in the last-
named expressions.)
-an-obaiQ, s.m., anobaith, D., ' despair ' : r oybun i wedi mynd
i -atrobaiQ am -danoxi, ' I had begun to despair about you '.
•ano'leityO) v., anobeithio, D., 'to despair'.
•ano'leiQjol, adj., anobeithiol, D., ' hopeless ' : wedi mynd dn
•ano'beiBjol (of a sick person), ' beyond hope of recovery '.
flw0&, hanob, adj., comp. anos, 'an'h0u§ax, sup. 'an'h0u§a,
-an'h0usa, anhawdd and anodd, D. (cf. anawd, L.A. 90. 26),
' difficult ' : may kdm'ra:ig dn anos na fo:b jaiQ aral, ' Welsh is
more difficult than any other language ' ; ma: n anod kodi sn 9 bora,
' it is difficult to get up in the morning ' ; du i n ano8 9 mhlef'o,
1 1 am difficult to please ' ; anoft tdnny kast o he:n gefyl (prov.), ' it
is difficult to cure an old horse of tricks ' ; anod tmny dy:n o:d ar
i ddluyQ (prov.), ' what is bred in the bone will come out in the
flesh '.
•an'rhevnyS) adj., annhrefnus, D., ' disorderly ; in disorder '.
•awrheyBol, adj.. annhraethol, D., s.v. ' inenarrabilis ' ; 'inex-
pressible ' : 'an-rheydol o dry:d, ' excessively dear '.
ansad, adj., ansad, S.E., ' unsteady ' (e. g. of a vase) : ansad
i vebul, l wavering of mind '.
•ansa'Bredtg, adj., ansathredig, S.E., geirja 'ansa'Bredig, ' out-of-
the-way words '.
•an'sbar&ys, adj., annosparthus, D. (i) 'turbulent ' (of persons).
(2) of something done in a rough, awkward, haphazard fashion :
tynnu gwla:n o:§ ar davad sn 'an'sbardys.
•anse'v?dlog, adj., ansefydlog, D., s.v. ' inconstans ' ; ' unsteady,
unsettled ' : ma: r dvwyft m 'anse'wdlog, ' the weather is unsettled ' =
'an'wadal.
•an'st0walj, adj., anystywallt, D. ; cf. also D., s.v. 'ferox',
' infraenus ' ; ' churlish, unmanageable ' : dy:n •aivstewalt = anob
i dri:n.
•an'stirjaQ, s.m., anystyriaeth, B.C. 141. 4; 'thoughtlessness,
heedlessness, inconsiderateness '.
•atvshrjol, adj., anystyriol, D., s.v. ' inconsiderans ' ; ' thoughtless,
heedless, inconsiderate '. (Fr. dtourdi.)
antirjaQ, s.f., anturiaeth, D., s.v. 'temeritas'; 'enterprise,
venturesomeness, speculation ' : antirjaQ i ventro pre:s, ' venture-
someness in risking money '.
antirjo, v., anturio, D., 'to venture ' = menlro : antirjo i wla:d
aral, ' to go abroad as a speculation '.
antyr — anmad 1 5
aniyr, s., antur, D., ' venture ' in the phrase ar antyr, ' as
a venture '.
anuydog, adj., anwydog, D., ' sensitive to cold '.
anuydys, anwydus, S.E., ' sensitive to cold '.
•an-vanias, s.f., anfantais, S.E. ; anfontais, D.P.O. 30. 4,
' disadvantage '.
-anvan'ieif'ol, adj., anfanteisiol, S.E., ' disadvantageous '.
anvarQ, anvaB, adj., sup. verQa, anferth, D., s.v. ' mon strum ';
' monstrous, enormous, terrible ' : pentur anvaB, gwynt a gla:u
anvarti, karag vaur anvarO ; — r hu:yl verQa welis i ri'o:yd, ' the
greatest fun I ever saw ' ; helynt verQa vyu, ' a terrible row '.
•an-vodlon, adj., anfoddlawn, D., but anfodlon, s.v. ' offensus ' ;
{ discontented '.
anvod, s., anfodd, D., ' unwillingness ' in phrase o i anvob,
' against one's will '.
anvon, v., anfon, D., s.v. 'mitto'. Pret. S. anvom's, etc. No
plural. Plup. anvonsun. Imperative S. 2. anvon. (i) 'to send'
(more often gny). (2) 'to take, accompany' (Anglo- Welsh 'to
send ') : anvon ru:in i r stef'on, ' to take some one to the station '.
•awwadal, adj., anwadal, D., 'inconstant, changeable': tu:y§
'an'wadal gwy:lt, ( stormy, unsettled weather'; dy:n 'an'wadal an
i waiQ.
'an-warad, adj., anwaraidd, S.E., ' savage, uncivilized ; wild
(e. g. of untrained horses) ; brutal (e. g. of one who illtreats
animals)'. (J.J., O.K., frequently.)
'an-wedig, adj., enwedig, D., s.v. ' praesertim ' ; anwedig, H.S.
25. 4 j G.R. (3). 5 ; 57. 3 : *« -an-wedig, 'especially'.
•arrwiraft, s.m., anwiredd, D., s.v. ' iniquitas ' ; * falsehood, lie ' :
deyd 'an'wirad = deyd Keluyft.
•anwybodaQ) s.f., anwybodaeth, D., s.v. ' inscitia ' ; * ignorance '.
'anwybodol, adj., ? anymwybodol, S.E. ; ' unconscious ' : mi a:6 o
n 'anwybodol o hono i hy:n, * he became unconscious '.
•anwybodys, adj., anwybodus, R.B. II. 392. 20, 'ignorant'.
•anwybzfys, adj., anwybyddus, S.E., ' unconscious ' : 'anwybsbys
o hono i hy:n (O.H.).
•anyyyft, adj., anufudd, D., s.v. ' inobsequens ' ; 'disobedient'.
-anrmynol, adj., annymunol, S.E., ' unpleasant ', esp. of persons ;
dy:n 'anz'mynol — dy:n ka:s.
anmad, adj., anynad, D., ' peevish, morose, crabbed ' (under-
stood, but seldom used).
1 6 ay a — ayo
aya, s.m., angau, D., ' death '. As distinguished from marwolaO,
aya is generally death more or less personified, but not always,
e. g. mi do:Q 2 aya 3n szdynjaun. Cf. marwolad.
ayal, s.m., pi. ayrtjon, angel, D., ' angel '.
ay an, s.m., angen, D. (i) ' need, necessity ' : may n ay an rhoid
zdi hi, may hi n djoBa iffo, 'it is a necessity to give to her, she is
suffering from want ' ; meun gwi:r ayan am dano, ' in real want of
it '. (2) ' want ' : lugy o ayan, ' to be dying from want '.
ayanrheidjol, adj., angenrheidiol, D., s.v. ' necessarius ' ;
' necessary '.
aygar, s.m., ager and agerdd, D., ' steam, vapour, exhalation ' '
pen ma nu y grieyd h: i gadu gwair, ma nu y gneyd riu fnestri ba:x,
ga:l i r ay gar vynd alan, ' when they make a place to keep hay in,
they make some small windows to let out the vapour ' ; ma: na riu
aygar o:yr ay kodi 081 ar varig ne avon, ' there is a sort of cold
vapour rising from hoar-frost or a river ' ; po:by:nm z aygar i hy:n,
' every one " stewing in his own juice " ' ; so, aygar 9 bobol.
-ayhafal, s.m., anghaffael, S.E.*, ' difficulty, hindrance, e.g. such
as would prevent the carrying out of an engagement ' ; os na da:u
riu -ayhafal, ' if no difficulty arises ' ; o:ys na riu 'ayhafal arno vo
ru:an S, ' is he in some difficulty now ? ' Cf. T.N. 305. 18.
•ayhenyS) ayhennys, adj., anghenus, D., ' needy '.
•ctyhoiljo, v., anghoelio, D., s.v. 'dubito'; 'to disbelieve': da\i
n 'ayhoiljo i)i ?
•ayhovjo, v., anghofio, D., s.v. ' obliviscor '. Pret. S. i. 'ayhovis,
3. 'ayhovjoft. Imperative 'ayhovja; 'ayhovjux, 'to forget':
'gu:soxi r sgidja P na: do: wi:r, reit bni:g, dary mi 'ayhovjo n la:n.
mi a: i vory, reitfu:r, ' did you get the boots ? ' ' No, indeed, I am
very sorry : I entirely forgot. I will be sure to go to-morrow ' ;
du i wedi 'ayhovjo am 9 lu:y, ' I have forgotten the spoon ' ;
'ayhovjo §ary mi roi glo: arno vo, ' I forgot to put coal on it '.
•aylminas, adj., anghynnes, D., s.v. 'frigidus'; 'repulsive,
loathsome '. Cf. P.G.G. 71. 22.
•ayhysbal, adj., anghysbell, D., ' out-of-the-way, remote ' : le:
•ayfosbal.
•ayfosyr, s.m., anghyssur, D., s.v. ' deinissio ' ; ' discomfort '.
aylod, s.m., anglod, D., s.v. ' ignominia ' ; ' disgrace ' : / 0:8 hi dim
9n anlod 180 vo, ' it was no disgrace to him '. Emphasized : y:n
9y ka:l klo:d a r lal dy ka:l 'aynlho.'d.
•aynhesol, adj., anghynhesol, S.E., ' repulsive '.
ayo, s., angof, D., s.v. 'obliuio'; in phrase gulun ayo (i.e.
gollwng yn angof), ' to forget '.
ay or — ar 17
ayor, s.m., pi. ayorjon, angor, D., ' anchor '.
ayori, v., angori, S.E.*, ' to anchor '.
•ayrhedy, v., anghredu, D., ' to disbelieve ' : daxi n 'ayrhedy vi?t
' do you disbelieve me ? '
•ayrhjadys, adj., anghariadus, D., (Prov.) ' uncharitable '.
-ayrfredin, adj., anghyffredin, D., s.v. 'rarus'; 'uncommon,
extraordinary*. Often used adverbially to intensify an adjective,
e. g. ay glu:s 'ayrfredin, ' uncommonly pretty '. [Occasionally pro-
nounced 'ayfredm, with strongly breathed voiceless glide between
y and _/".]
•ay9'f»rtys> adj., anghyffyrddus ; cf. angonffordd, W.S. [Discon-
fort], ' uncomfortable '. [For pronunciation cf. above.]
ayzlas, s.f., angyles, G.I. xxiv. 53, 'angel* (as term applied to
a woman).
'ayrsyrys, adj., anghyssurus, M.LI. i. 115. 7, 'uncomfortable':
le: -ayrsyrys.
•ayrvTeyS) adj., anghyfleus, Acts xxvii. 12, ' inconvenient ': ty:
•ayrvleys, ' an inconvenient house, e. g. as to position ' (but ty:
•an'huylys, 'inconvenient as to internal arrangements', etc.); may
n 'anrvleys i mi vynd, ' it is inconvenient for me to go ' (as to
circumstances). Here 'an'huylys would imply, rather, bad com-
munication.
appad [at fab].
ar, prep. ar. With pronouns. S. i. arna (i), 2. 'arnat(f),
3. arno .(vo), ami (hi). PI. i. 'arnon(t), 2. marnox(t), 'arnax(f),
3. "arnyn(u). Emphasized : arna i:, etc. PI. 2. arno'xi:, arna'xi:, 3.
arnynhu:. Shortened enclitic forms: S. i. na i, 2. nati, ant(i),
3. no vo, ni hi. PI. i. nam, 2. nox(i], nax(i), axi, 3. nynu. (For the
use of these see belowr, i (b).) Followed by the vocalic mutation ;
but tgjan, ' twenty ', takes h as day ar higjan.
i , ' on '. (a) ' on ' (of rest or motion) : sevyl ar 9 graig, ' to
stand on the rock ' ; kodi ar i dra.yd, ' to stand up ' ; ar ben,
' on the top ', as ar ben r a:lt, ' on the top of the hill ' ; ar 9 &v, ' on
the right ' ; ar 9 ywi:Q, ' on the left '. — Where English usage requires
* in ', as ar i helu, ' in his possession ' ; ar i we8i, ' in his prayer ' ;
ar i bregad, ' in his sermon ' ; rhoi du:r ar 9 levriQ, ' to put water
in the milk'. — Where English usage requires 'by': vain/ i o r
glo:x ar s\ waif xi- ?, ' what time is it by your watch '. (b) after
nouns expressing want, desire, hunger, thirst, fear, etc. : be s axi
if'o ?, be s naxi ifo ?, be sy nox if'o .p, i. e. beth sydd arnoch chwi ei
eisieu ?, ' what do you want ? ' ; ma na i ifo, ' I want ' ; alan sy no
vo if'o mynd, ' he wants to go out ' ; os noxi if'o rubaB ?, ' do you
1432 C
1 8 ar
want something ? ' ; ma na i if'o bu:yd, di:od, ' I am hungry,
thirsty ' ; ma na i ovn, ' I am afraid ' ; ma na i vly:s o, ' I have
a great desire for it'; o:s anti annuydP, 'are you cold?' (c)
after nouns expressing colour, shape, taste, smell, etc. : may gwaur
la:s ar ar awyr, ' the sky has a blue tinge ' ; / o:s na dim ly:n arno
vo, ' it has no shape ' ; ma na vla:s halan arno vo, ' it tastes of
salt ' ; ma na hogla dru:g arno vo, ' it has a bad smell '. (d) after
nouns expressing character, disposition, humour, state, etc. : syt
hu:yl sy -arnoxi heno ?, ' how do you feel to-night ? ' ; similarly :
dymma syt d may arna i:, ' that is how / am situated '. (e) after
nouns expressing appearance : may golug eira ami hi, ' it looks like
snow ' ; faf'un olug 0:8 arno vo ?, ' how did he look ? ' ; similarly :
"casim i dim m ??ie$ul hmny ami hi, ' I should not have thought that
by the look of her '. (f) after nouns expressing fault or blame : rhoi
lai ar, ' to blame ' ; arno'xi: ma r bai, ' it v$>your fault '. (g) after
nouns expressing hurt, illness, disease, defect, etc. : be s anti i*} 'what
is the matter with you ? '; / o:d dim by:d arno vo, 'there was nothing
the matter with him ' ; may attal deyd arno vo, ' he stammers '.
(h) after nouns expressing name, reputation, etc. : / o:ys dim enu
ami hi, ' it has no name ' ; enu dru:? ar dmas, ' a disparaging term
ior a woman', (i) after nouns expressing duty, care, etc. : govol
9 ru:m o:y8 ami hi, ' she had to look after the room '. (j) after
a verbal noun whether of transitive or intransitive force. In the
iormer case this usage is restricted to negative clauses of the form
/ o:ys na bim Iroi arno vo, ' he is a resolute man ' (lit. ' there is no
turning him ') ; / o:ys na dim tusy na Bagy arno vo, ' he is impos-
sible to deal with ' (lit. ' there is no leading him nor choking him').
An example of the latter is may mu:y o vynd -arnynu, ' there is
more demand for them ' (lit. ' go on them ').
2. with nouns expressing time or wreather, considered in
their relation to a person : may hi wedi bo:d m hi:r jaun llm de\ra
r ha: 'arjwni, i the summer has been a long time coming ' ; mi ei&
m no:s arno vo Kin do vo §u:ad, ' it will be night before he comes ' ;
ddmma hi n niul arna i, ( I was caught in the mist '.
3. with certain adjectives : may n bru:g ar i rhieni, ' it is hard
on their parents ' ; may n wel arno'xi: nag arnynhu:, ' you are
better off than they are ' ; ka:s jaun 'arnoxi, ' very nasty for you ' ;
ma n vain jaun arno vo, ' he is in very straitened circumstances ' ;
may n wel arno vo ru:an nag o.yd hi ri'oyd, ' he is better off
now than he ever was'; may hsnny n o le:u arna i, 'I am all
right as far as that is concerned '. — Somewhat similar is the expres-
sion may hi wedi darvod arno vo, ' he is done for '.
4. 'on the point of: du i -ar 'darvod ru:an, 'I am just
finishing now ' ; pen o:n i 'ar 'ritiyt hdnny, ' when I was on the
point of doing that '.
5. with an infinitive expressing potentiality : dma le: vasa
(basa) vo ar ga:l, ' that is where it would be likely to be found '.
ar 19
6. expressing an object for which a thing is intended: ar osod,
1 to be let ' ; ar werQ, ' to be sold '.
7. expressing the means for the attainment of an end : ford
ar i hagor nu, ' a way to open them '.
8. expressing debt : vaint sy arna i?, ' how much do I owe ?';
may arna i buy geinjog i \i:, ' I owe you twopence '.
9. of time or weather, 'on, at, in' : ar ar y:n adag, ' at the
same time ' ; ar dy ly:n, ' on a Monday ' ; ar dnvyd po:y&, ' in hot
weather '.
10. ' on, of, concerning, about ' : farad ar, l to speak about ' ;
gneyd ka:n ar, ' to make a song about '.
11. t for, as far as concerns ' : wa:y& bo\ti wedi kodi am u:y&
ar 8im r u:ti wedi neyd, 'you might just as well have got up at
eight for anything you have done '.
12. in numerals before de:g, pzmQag and igjan, as tri ar de:g,
pedwar ar famQag, pymp ar higjan ; or takes the place of ar in
y:n or de:g, ' eleven '.
13. sometimes ar expresses the relation of a part to the
whole : r adag amma ar 9 vluyftyn, * this time of year ' ; zn ista
? 'van ma ar 9 bur§, ' sitting at this part of the table '.
14. where in English the direct object is followed by an
adverb of quantity, etc., the latter is expressed by a substantive
followed by ar, as berux dippin arno vo, ' boil it a little ' ; na i if'o
kobljo tippin ar 9 sgidja, ' 1 want to cobble my boots a bit '. The
order may also be reversed, e. g. berwi arno vo dippin. Similarly :
da\i dim wedi bytta lawar arno vo, 'you have not eaten much
of it'. Cf. L.A. 51. i.
15. in conjunction with nouns, forming prepositions or ad-
verbs (or, their equivalents), e.g. ar i ben i hy:n, ' alone ' ; ar vry:s,
'in a hurry'; ar draus, ( across'; ar dsd, 'on the point of; ar
Samwam, ( by chance ' ; ar ganol, ' in the middle of ; ar garlam,
'at full speed'; ar g0unt, 'because of; (mynd) ar got, Most';
ar i ora, ' in best form ' ; ' straining to the utmost (and barely
succeeding) ' ; ar gruydyr, ' wandering ' ; ar gwar, ' against ' ;
ar gwyl, ' near ' ; ar hy:d, ' along, throughout ' ; ar laur, ' down ' ;
ar i later, ' downwards ' ; ar le:d, ' breadthwise ' ; ar le:s, ( for the
good of; ar o:l, 'after, behind'; ar oriwarad, 'down'; ar i
vsny, ' upwards ' ; ar vi:n> ' on the point of, on the brink of ; ar
weyQa, ( in spite of ; ar wi:b, ' at a run ' ; ar 3 kmta, ' at first ' ; ar
(*X) injon, ' straight on ' ; arynwaQ, ' at once ', etc., etc.
1 6. after various verbs or verbs in connexion with nouns,
e. g. avlondfy ar, ' to disturb ' ; byu ar, ' to live on ' ; dexra ar, ' to
begin (something)'; di:al ar, ' to take vengeance on' ; divlasy ar,
1 to get tired of ; dslanwady ar, ' to have an influence on ' ; edra\
ar, ' to look at ' ; efeiBjo ar, ' to have an effect upon ' ; galu ar, ' to
call, to wake ' ; gneyd mis far ar, ' to master ' ; bo:d m gamblar ar,
' to be skilful in ' ; gneyd trevn ar, ' to set to rights ' ; gweidi ar,
c 2
2O a:r — ardal
' to shout to ' ; kay i burn ar, ' to shake one's fist at ' ; kodi kwilib
ar, ' to make ashamed ' ; kodi ovn ar, ' to frighten ' ; koli arno i
hy:n, ' to lose control of oneself ' ; krevy ar, ' to implore ' ; hmmyd
manias ar, 'to take advantage of '; la:d ar, 'to run down, de-
preciate ' ; manteifo ar, ' to have the advantage over ' ; nabod ar,
' to know by ' ; rhoi enu ar, ' to name ' ; rhoi fiery o ar, ' to reprove ' ;
rhoi kick ar (;? maud), ' to snap (the fingers) ' ; rhoi klep ar, ' to
bang '; rhoimi:n ar, 'to sharpen ' ; sbi:o ar, ' to look at '; tendjo ar,
* to attend '; tori ar, ' to shorten, interrupt ' ; etc., etc.
a:r, a:yr, s., ar, D. (i) in ti:r a:r, ' ploughed land'. (2) (in the
game of rounders) ar zr a:yr, 'at the post' (I.W.).
ara, adj., araf, D., ' slow ' (generally with the addition of de:g) :
mi 8a:u hi n ara de:g, ' she will come along slowly ' ; 9n ara de:g
may mynd 9 mhel (prov.), ' slow but sure wins the race ' ; k3inma n
ara ' take your time ' ; an ara de:g /, ' gently ! '
arad, s.m., pi. eryd, aradr, D., ' plough '. (For parts of plough see
arnoft, durn, gwadan, kly:st, korn, kultur, stdlan, su:x*} This word is
used in Aber and Llanfairfechan, but gwy:ft takes its place in
Pentir and Tregarth.
aral, occasionally araQ (I.W.), adj., pi. eril, arall, D., 'other':
dy:n aral, ' another man ' ; 9 dy:n ami, ' the other man ' ; i ben aral
3 durd, ' at the other end of the table ' ; Kimmint aral, ' as many
again ' ; ru\in aral, ' some one else ' ; rubaQ aral, ' something else ' ;
— adverbially : dim by:d aral, ' nothing else ' ; be nauni aral ?, ' what
else shall we do ? ' ; — as pronoun : weiBja vel hyn, weidja vel aral,
' sometimes one way, sometimes another ' ; — Del aral = also ' other-
wise ' : ma: nu y grieyd vel aral, mebul vel aral.
aran, s., pi., rcnna, aren, D., ' ren ' ; ' testicle '.
araQ, s.f., araith, D. (i) 'speech, language': ma: gmo vo araQ
§ru:g jaun, dy kably a rhegi, ' he uses very bad language, — cursing
and swearing'. (2) 'a speech': gneyd araQ, 'to make a speech'.
(3) ' delivery ' : araQ dila, araQ wantan, ' feeble delivery '.
arbad, v., arbed, D., ' to spare ' : peidjo arbad i hy.n, ' not to
spare oneself ; rhaid i ti arbad da Jiy:n ne mi ladi di da hy:n, ' you
must spare yourself or you will kill yourself '.
ardal, s.f., pi. arda/od, ardal, D., ' district, neighbourhood ' : 9n zr
ardal ( = hmdogad) wima, ' in this neighbourhood ' ; meun ardal
wledig) ' in a country district '.
ar&al, v., arddelw, D., 'to acknowledge ' ; na: i m o i arbal o, ' I
won't acknowledge it ' ; gu:r bnebig dim 9n leikjo ardal riu he:n
gardottyn tlaud sy m perQyn tdo vo, ' a gentleman not liking to
acknowledge some poor old beggar who is related to him ' ; dyu m
arbeljad — arnoft 2 1
arbal i wa:s, 'God acknowledging his servant' (i.e. by giving him
unction).
arbeljad, s.m., arddeliad, S.E., 'unction' (e.g. of a preacher):
farad dan arbeljad rieytty:ol, ( to speak with peculiar unction '.
arberxog, adj., ardderchog, D., ' splendid, magnificent ' : t0wy§
arfterxog, ' magnificent weather' ; for§ arderxog i seiklo, ' a splendid
road for cycling '.
ardur, s.m., arddwr, Dv ' ploughman ' — traur, trvur.
arciQjo, v., areithio, D., ' to make a speech '.
arfad, s., arffed, D., ' pudenda ' = gwendid.
argay, s., argae, D., ' dam ' : rhoid argay ar draus dr avon, ' to
dam the river '.
argjan, s.f., in exclamations of astonishment, etc., as dr argjan
vaur ! ; dr argjan annul, na:K i ! ; dn enu r argjan vaur !
argluyft, s.m., pi. arglmbi, arglwydd, D., ' Lord '.
arjan, arian, D. (i) s.m. 'silver': arjan fyu, 'quicksilver';
dail arjan, ' silverweed ' (Potentilla anserina). (2)5. pi., ' money ' :
arjan pre:s ( = arjan ko:x, seldom used), ' copper coin ' ; arjan
gunjon, ' silver coin ' ; arjan melyn, ' gold coin ' ; arjan szxjon,
' cash ' ; wedi znm'l arjan ne wedi ka:l rei, ' having made money
or having obtained some ' ; os fy:8 gin ti arjan, paid a i siykjo nu
n d9 bokkad(Q.H.}, * if you have money do not let it lie by ' ; rhoid
arjan maur 9n venQig ido vo, ' to lend him a large sum of money ' ;
may hi m byu ar i harjan, ' she has private means, she lives on her
own means ' \ ma: gmo vo arjan ar 9 ti:r, ' he has a mortgage on
the land ' ; newid dn arjan ma:n, ' to change into small coin ' ;
knilo arjan, sbarjo arjan^ troi arjan heibjo, ' to save money ' ;
gwarjo arjan, ' to spend money ' ; gwastrafy arjan, ' to squander
money '.
arx, s.f., pi. eirx, arch, D., ' coffin '.
arxol, s.f., pi. arxol/on, archoll, D., ' wound ' : may o wedi tori
arxol vaur ar i ben (O.K.). [The usual word for ' wound ' is briu.~]
arxva, s.f., archfa, B.C. 88. 15, 'a bad smell': may na arxva
dru:g ?n 9 ru:m ma, ' there is a bad smell in this room ' ; daxi y
klu:ad sr arxva />, ' do you notice the smell ? ' ; riu arxva drom.
ad, s., archwaeth, D., s.v. ' gustus ' ; ' taste ' in the sense dim
at vu:yd, * no taste for food '.
arlais, s., pi. arleif'a, arlais, D., ' temple ' (of the head).
arloisi \loisi\.
armal, s.m., armael, O.P. ; S.E. ; armel, S.E., ' the second milk
at milking time '. Cf. bleinjon, tikkal.
arnod, s.m., arnodd, D., ' plough-beam '.
2 2 aron — arvar
aron, s., pi. arons, ' the common guillemot ' (Urea troile).
aros, v,, aros, D. Fut. S. 3. rhosiB. Pret. rhost's. Imperative,
aros ; rhosux- (i) 'to stay, stop': aros dn 3 ty:t 'to stop in
the house ' ; aros tan dy (fy) sadurn, ( to stay until Saturday ' ; wa:y6
gin i aros nafeidjo, ' it is all the same to me whether I stay or not ' ;
aros dros 2 no:s, ' to stay overnight '. (2) ' to wait for ' : m aros i r
deyar gnesy, ' waiting for the earth to get warm ' ; brextan i aros
pry:d, ' a piece of bread and butter to keep one going till a meal is
ready ' ; / aros, ' meanwhile ' (Anglo- Welsh : * to wait ').
ar:s (Eng. ' airs '), s., ' animal spirits ' : laun a:rs.
arsuyd, s.m., arswyd, D., ' terror ' : ma na i (gin i) arsuyd mynd,
1 1 am afraid of going ' ; kodi arsuyd ar, ' to terrify ' ; / 0:8 na i
dim arsuyd ovn, ( I had no fear '.
arsuydo, v., arswydo, D. (i) ' to be terrified ' : wedi klu:ad rubad
nes may o n arsuydo. (2) 'to be filled writh horror'; kayl i arsuydo
uB weld riu bamwain.
arsuydys, adj., arswydus, D., s.v. ' formidolosus ' ; c terrible ' :
ma: n o:yr arsuydys, ' it is terribly cold ' ; o:d dm be6 arsuydys, ' it
was terrible '.
ar6, s.f., pi. eirB, arth, D., ' bear ' : ml r arB wy.lt o r ko:yd (J.J.),
'like a wild bear out of the wood', i.e. raging.
arBas, s.f., arthes, D., s.v. 'ursa'; 'a noisy, surly woman, who
shouts at one' (J.J.).
arBgi, s.m., arthgi, S.E.*, ' a noisy, surly fellow, who shouts at
one' : ta:u r he:n arBgi gwirj on (O.H.).
ar0jo, liarBjo, v., arthio, S.E., ' to shout at, to speak loud and
gruffly ' = giveibi n hyl a fzrnig (O.H.) ; may o n arBjo arna i;
paid ag arBjo.
arBrag, s.f., i. e. arthwraig = arBas \ hem arBrag o hc:n dmas
(O.K.).
arujyd, s.m., pi. aruid/on, arwydd, D., ' sign ' : aruy§ gla:u.
arva, s.pl., sing, ervyn, arf, pi. arfau, D., ' implements '.
arvar, s.f., arfer, D., 'habit, custom': modiharvar, 'according
to their custom ' ; — adverbially : may o n huyrax nag arvar, * he is
later than usual',
arvar, v., arfer, D., s.v. ' consuesco '. (i) ' to be accustomed, to
be used (to) ' : r oybim i n arvar kayl vannoft nes ba&in i dgest a
mynd o yho: (la:s), ' I used to get toothache so badly that it used
nearly to drive me mad ' ; du i n dexra arvar hevo vo, ' I am be-
ginning to get accustomed to it '. (2) Transitively : arvar dz hy:n i
•neyl hznny, ' get accustomed to do that ' . (3) ' to use ' : '/ vdani dim
n arvar z gair 3na, ' we don't use that word'.
arverjad — asgurn 2 3
arverjad, s.m., arferiad, W.LI. xlii. 98, ' custom ' : hem arverjad,
'an old custom'.
arverol, adj., arferol, D., s.v. ' usualis ' ; ' usual ' : vel arverol, ' as
usual '.
arvod, s.f., pi. arvoda, arfod, D., 'ictus teli'; 'what is cut by one
sweep of a scythe reckoned forward ' (cf. gwana) : mi doris i v)
hy:d ar dair arvod, ' I have cut my length in three strokes ' (so
said an old man to O.H.); fommar di arvod go ve\ant ' take a
moderate sized stroke'.
arwain, v., arwain, D., ' to lead ' (not very frequent, and semi-
literary, cf. tusy) ; arwain kany, ' to lead singing '.
arwin, adj., ? gerwin, D., ' terrible ' (as intensifying word) : rhiu
glc/yan arwin o hy:d (J.J.), ' a terrible clattering continually' (O.H.
does not know this word). For gerwin, cf. T.N. 222. n, Dyna
f'yntau 'n troi 'i fontin, tan ddiawlio yn erwin. Also 115. 29;
137. IS-
arwinol, adv., Parwynol, W.LI. (voc.),dihafarch. Cf. D. *arwynawl,
' terrible ' (as intensifying word) : ma: n o:yr arwinol, l it is terribly
cold '.
aryBrol, adj., aruthrol, D., 'terrible' (as intensifying word),
' extremely ' : r o:d m ward pry i fanny aryQrol, ' it was looked upon
as a terrible disgrace at that time ' ; 9n bivrivol aryOrol, ' extremely
serious ' ; aryQrol o va:n, ' extremely small ' ; m yu\ i vmy peQ
aryQrol, ' ever so much higher up '.
as, er ys, as /alum, ' long ago '.
asan, s.f., pi. senna, asen, D., ' rib ; rib of a boat or basket ' : dma
be seviQ at zx senna xi> ' that will set you up ' ; asan vra:n, asan
vra:s, ' spare rib '.
asgal, s.f., pi. esgil, asgeti, asgelo8,&sge\l,D. (i) 'wing' (this is
the common word, cf. adan) : asgal arjan, ' chaffinch ' (Fringilla
coelebs) — pu:ynt\ kdy i esgil, ' to spread the wings ' : fig. 'to put
on airs of importance, to show off ' ; kodi es£il, ' to take wing '.
(2) ' fin '. (3) asgal 9 kor§ur, ' the beater of a churn '. (4) ' sail '
(of a windmill). (5) ' thistle ' (corruption of ' ysgall '). (6) asgal
3 wyntyL
asgan, s.f., ? asgen, D., ' noxa, laesio '. (i) 'tendency, natural
inclination ' : ma na riu asgan mo vo ri'o:d i 8u:n (O.H.), ' he has
a kind -of natural inclination to steal' (= elvari); asgan gweiQjo,
'love of work' (I.W.). (2) he:n fy>:n 9m pigo pobol (O.K.). (3)
hem asgan ydt o, 'he is a tough customer' (I.W.). (4) 'a wiry
person ' (I.W.).
asgurn, s.m., pi. esgyrn, asgwrn, D., ' bone ' : dim ond kroyn ar
dr asgurn^ ' nothing but skin and bone ' ; may i esgyrn dgest tru i
2 4 asgurn — at
groyn ido vo, 'his bones are almost through his skin, he is like
a skeleton'; asgurn pen, 'skull'; asgurn ko:yl, 'the bone of
divination', i.e. 'the shoulder-blade of animals' — also of human
beings (so called, according to E.J., because supposed to indicate
whether a baby about to be born will be a boy or a girl), esp. ' the
shoulder-blade of a sheep, formerly placed over the door of a house '
(O.H., who, however, was unable to give any clear account of its
supposed occult powers); r esgyrn zy gustun, referring to the
hind hip-bones of a cow before calving ; asgurn pssgodyn, ' fish-
bone ' ; may o n asgurn o dj:n, 'he is a strong man ' ; mzn ar asgurn!,
asseveration ; may o wedi kayl asgurn i gravy arno n van na, said
of some one who has married a worthless wife, or has gone to live
in some poor position.
afad, s., asiad, D., s.v. ' ferrumen ' ; ' a join '.
af'o, v., asio, D., s.v. ' ferrumino ' ; ' to join '.
at, prep., at. With pronouns S. i. atta i, 2. *attat(f), 3. atto
(TO), atti (hi). PI. i. -atton(i), 2. -attox(i), 'aita\(i), 3. 'attyn(u).
Takes the vocalic mutation, i. 'to, towards': "denotes prox-
imity, but not entrance ; hence it is used before persons ; and
also before places and things, when entrance into them is not
implied : ' i ' = ' to ', ' into ', denotes motion towards a place or object,
into which an entrance is made." — " 'At' is opposed to ' oddi wrth ' ;
4 i ' is opposed to ' o ' " (Rowlands, 'Welsh Grammar', 4 ed., pp. 213,
2 1 4, § 7 36). mynd i r gwcly, ' to go to bed ' ; my ml at y gwely, ' to go
to the bed ' ; mynd i r trcn, ' to get into the train ' ; mynd at «? trcn,
' to go to the train ' ; mynd i r mo:r, ' to go to sea ' ; mynd at J mo:r ,
' to go to the sea ' ; mynd i r dre:, mynd at adre\, ' to go to the town ' ;
d0ux ?mma at ? ta:n, ' come here to the fire ' ; mieifim nc:s atto vo, ' I
went nearer him ' ; krtsbas wlanan nesa at 9 kroyn, ' a flannel shirt
next the skin ' ; troi 3 dicr at i velin i hy:n, ' to turn the water to
one's own mill ', i.e. ' to turn something to one's own advantage'; mi
a:nu at i gihb ctio, ' they will make it up again '; kreybux at d tattus,
' reach to the potatoes', i.e. 'have some ' ; hel at i gtlib, ' to shrink up,
to huddle together ' ; kayl ? daj' pen limn at i gilib ' to make two
ends meet ' ; rhaid i xi gayl megin atto vo, ' you must get a pair of
bellows to it '.
2. ' against a certain time, by ' : hurax mi §a:u i godi at y
pnaun, 'perhaps it will clear up by the afternoon'.
3. ' for, as a provision for ' : da\i if'o Ki:g at 2 sy:l?t ' do you
want meat for Sunday ? '
4. ' for, for the purpose of, in the interests of, as a remedy for ' :
dim mforty'o su:lt at rubaQ, ' not being able to afford a shilling for
something ' ; ka:l pc:B at vyu, ' to get something to live upon ' ;
rhoid arjan at axos da, ' to give money for a good cause ' ; may
sn lyndan vc>njaO at bo:b pe:0 ond rhak hiraB, ' in London there is
a remedy for everything except for longing '.
at — attal 25
5. ' about, round about, towards' : hogyn at v o:yd i, ' a boy
of about my age ' ; hogyn at i vaint o, ' a boy of about his size ' ;
at glaygeya, 'about, towards the thirteenth of November'. Simi-
larly, kodi at 3 tattus, ' to earth up potatoes '.
6. ' up to, as far as ', generally preceded by d (hy:d) : dani
wedi ka:yl terwyft da: d at hyn, ' we have had fine weather so far ' ;
may o y koxi (d) at i gh'sfja, ' he is blushing to the roots of his
hair ', lit. ' to his ears ' ; mi b\iB <? t0wy§ ma at 9 kro:yn, ' this
weather wets to the skin ' ; r o:d zr eira n du:ad at gorn 3 guftu,
' the snow was up to the neck '.
7. preceded by ty: ag, ' towards, with regard to ' : wedi grieyd
9 yora ty: ag atto vo, ' having done my best for it '.
8. after certain verbs, as d^xry?i a^ <to ^e frightened at';
kovjo at, ' to remember (somebody) to ' ; sgwenny at, ' to write to ' ;
smny at, ' to be astonished at '.
atcbjad, s.m., atebiad, S.E.*, 'answer': toys na dim atcbjad,
1 there is no answer ', e.g. to a note.
atebol, adj., atebol, S.E., 'answerable': atebol drosto i hy:n,
' answerable for himself. Cf. tebol.
a /gas, adj., atgas, D., s.v. ' execrabilis ' ; ' hateful, execrable ' :
ma: n atgas gin i, ' I can't bear him ' ; may n taro n afgas, ' it
strikes (the ear) most unpleasantly ' ; gweiQrad atgas ; su:n atgas ;
sunjo n afgas ; — in a milder sense, ' sharp ' : 3n atgas yn i appad ;
— nt o:d turna him a him m atgas P — tro: atgas, 'an unpleasant
experience ', e. g. 'a disappointment ' : we!, syt ma: hi, vaxgan ?
wel, well's i rotfun be:6, mi gc:s dro: atgas (O.H.).
atgo, s., atgof, D., s.v. ' recordatio ' ; ' remembrance ' : may
hdnny braib m atgo gin i ; may gin i riu atgo am dano vo, 'I have
a slight remembrance of it '.
atgofa, v. tr., atgorTa, D., s.v. ' recordor ' ; 'to recall to mind':
atgof a he:n be&a ; atgofa hdnny 280 vo, ' to remind him of this ' .
atgovjo, v. intr., atgofio, D., s.v. ' reminiscor ' ; 'to recall to
mind ' : 8ary mi atgovjo, ' it came back to my mind '.
atfad, atfas, in exp. mynd i u atfad o, ' to come full upon him
suddenly ' ; mi eis an injon i u atfas o 3n nru:s 9 kappal.
attab ; appad (O.H. always), v., atteb, D. Fut. S. i. teba, 2. tebi,
3. tebiB, etc. Imp. tebun. Pret. tebis. No pi. Imperatives//^/
tebux, ' to answer ' : 6eba vo dim, ' he would not answer ' ; / 9di
o dim zn sa:l, dary o v attab i, ' he is not ill, he answered me ' ;
attab 9 diban, ' to answer the purpose ' ; r o:d 3 pe6a n attab i gilift
3n jaun, ' the articles suited admirably, fitted in nicely ' -} karag
attab, ' echo '.
attab, appad, s.m., pi. atebjon, atteb, D., 'answer'.
attal, v., attal, D., ' to impede, hold back ' : / o:ys gmo vo dm
2 6 aital — avluyft
daint i attal i davod, ' he always speaks out, says what would be
better left unsaid ' (rarely used except in this phrase).
attal, s., attal, D., 'impediment': ?nay attal deyd arno vo, 'he
stammers '.
audyrdod, s.f., pi. audyrdoda, awdurdod, D., s.v. ' auctoritas ' ;
' authority ' ; r audyrdoda, ' the authorities '.
auilyrdodol, adj., awdurdodol, T.N. 243. 24, ' authoritative,
dictatorial '.
at/X, s.m., awch, D., ' sharp appetite, eager desire' : ma: d an\
m vaur am vir.yd, ' you have a sharp appetite '.
aur, s.f., pi. orj'a, awr, D., c hour ' : ma: r dy:$ m mzstyn aur
erbyn kanol jonaiir, ' the days are an hour longer by the middle of
January ' ; xzcw/^r aur, hannar aur, ' a quarter of an hour, half
an hour ' ; hannar aur wcdi day, ' half past two ' (but xwar^ar wedi
day] ; aur a hannar, ' an hour and a half ; gwaiB aur^ ' an hour's
work, an hour's walk '.
aust, s.m., Awst, D., ' August '.
avjax, adj., afiach, D., s.v. ' insalubris ' : ' unhealthy, unwhole-
some, sickly ' : /mvyd avfax, ' unhealthy weather ' ; baxgan avjax 0:8
n yrvo.yd, ' he was always a sickly youth '.
avjaQ, s., afiaith, D., ' lightness of heart' : sy dayi heityu ? du in
v? avjaQ, i. e. du i wedi kayl bayx o:§ ar 2 ghevn (O.H.) ; mi Seydis
i hmnv an va avjciO, ' I said that in the lightness of my heart '
(O.H.).
avje\id, s.m., afiechyd, D., ' unhealthiness, disease ' : avje\id ar
len gli:n, * a disease on the knee '.
avlan, adj., aflan, D., s.v. ' spurcus ' ; 'unclean'. (Scarcely col-
loquial but cf. gavr.)
avlavar, adj., aflafar, D. (i) 'unseemly of speech ': riu he:n
sgurs avlavar (O.H.). (2) 'discordant ' : sn:n avlavar,lais avlavar.
avlaivan, adj., aflawen, D., s.v. ' illaetabilis '. (i) 'peevish,
cantankerous'. (2) 'extremely ' : an o:yr avlawan (I.W.).
avlonyb, adj., aflonydd, D., s.v. ' inquietus ' ; ' restless, fidgety ' :
krjadyr, plenty n, tmmar avlony§.
avlonsfy, v., aflonyddu, D., s.v. ' inquieto ' ; ' to disturb ' : du i n
du:ad i avlons&y 'ar?ioxi, ' I am coming to disturb you '.
avhiyb, s., aflwydd, D. (i) 'bad luck' : r 0:8 ar avhiyft •gmont
heidjit (E.J.), 'we had bad luck to-day'. (2) ' defect, drawback,
imperfection': ma na riu avluyft arno vo (J.J.), 'there is some
imperfection in it'; ma: ba:u (= xwyn} m avhiyb (JJ.)> 'weeds
are a drawback, imperfection '. (3) as expletive : be avluyb sy dno
vo, du:x? (E.J.), ' I wonder what on earth is the matter with it ' ;
avol — awan 2 7
so, be avluy§ sy 'arna\i V — Similarly riu he:n gerig 3n avluyb o
vydyr ; tattus dn avluyb o va:u ; zr y:d m av/uyd o dsgal a xwyn
(all O.K.).
avol, s.m., pi. vala, afol, D., ' apple ' : vala sir/on, ' crab-apples ' ;
vala pe:r, ' apples, as distinguished from crab-apples ' ; avol ko:\
9 baxgan (?y go.'X i gi:d drosto, melys\ E.J. ; avol kro.yn ar hu:x,
'russet'; avol xweru (J.J.), f bitter-sweet '(?); avol pi:g 9 glomman
(O.H.), term applied to apples with an excrescence at the stalk ;
avol 9 ro: (so called from Ro Wen), O.H. ; avol dcru, i oak-apple' ;
kb'ydan vala, ' apple-tree ' ; koydan vala sir/on, ' crab-apple tree ' ;
diykod avol, ' pips of an apple ' ; plikjo avol, ' to peel an apple ' ;
ma: r avol wedi gleif'o, ' the apple is bruised, rotten ' ; te:u vel
avol, ' as fat as a dumpling ' ; -vedruxi fa'm ka:l zx a7jol i xivara a:g
i vyita (prov.), ' you can't eat your cake and have it ' ; ma r jeir dy
kluydo r y: va:B a vala ar bren (E.J.), ' the hens are roosting like
apples on a tree ' ; kodi vala du:r, ' the game of extracting apples
from water with the teeth '.
avon, s.f., pi. avonyS, afon, D., ' river ' : avon bolennog, ' a winding
river ' ; glan dr avon, ' the bank of a river ' ; mi:n dr avon, ' the
brink of the river ' ; mynd i nod du:r tros avon (prov.), ' to go
a long way for something which can be got close at hand '.
avrad, adj., afraid (?), * wasteful '. Only in the popular rime
by:m 3m byu dy gmnil gmnil \ a:Q y:n bavad i mi n Suivil \ Irois
i vyu m avrad avrad \ a:6 9 §uivil 9n y:n 8avad. — The word seems
to be used in the same sense in C.C. 188. 23, Nadiafraid ieungctid
hala Bol mewn henaint i gardotta. Cf. afradlon, ' prodigal '.
avriolab, adj., afreolaidd, S.E., ' irregular ' : 3 galon m mynd m
avriolab (O.H.).
avriolys, adj., afreolus, D., s.v. ' perbacchor ' ; ' unruly ' : plant
avriolys, ' unruly children ' ; — Kefyl avriolys ; — byu dn avriolys, ' to
live a dissolute life '.
avrosgo, adj., amrosgo, D., * clumsy, unwieldy ' : dy:n avrosgo,
' a hulking fellow ' ; pe:6 maur avrosgo, ' a great, clumsy thing ' ;
Kerbad m avrosgo.
avr0ujog, adj., afrywiog, D., s.v. ' contumax ' ; ' churlish, crusty,
harsh, unpleasant ' : tammar (tempar) avr0ujog, ' a churlish temper ' ;
t0wy§ avr0ujog.> ' cold, stormy weather ' ; going avrmijog, ' a churlish,
unattractive appearance '.
aiual, s.f., pi. awelon, awel, D., ' breeze ' : ma na awal da: o wynt
heiftju, ' there is a good breeze to-day ' ; awalgalad, ' a stiff breeze ' ;
awal wnynlyd, ' a biting wind ' ; kalyn po:b awal o wynt (fig.), ' to
trim one's sails to every breeze '.
awan, s.f., pi. (a)wenna, awen, D., ' bridle-rein '. In the general
sense of ' reins ' only in such stereotyped expressions as may
2 8 awy§ — bagatf
r awcnna n dd la:u di, ' the reins are in your hand ', i. e. ' you have
the upper hand '. [The usual word is re:ns.~\
awyd, s.m., awydd, D., ' desire ' : heb awyd gneyd dim, ' no desire
to do anything '.
awjyfy's, adj., awyddus, D., * eager, anxious '.
awyr, s., awyr, D. (i) m. ' air ' : r awyr agorad, * the open air '.
(2) f. ' sky ' : r awyr la:s, ' the blue sky ' ; awyr go:x, ' red sky ' ;
trayQ awyr, ' a formation of clouds like ribbed sand when the tide
is out '.
ay/, s.f., pi. eilja, ael, D., ' brow ' : peidjux a Ki'xjo X cilja arna i,
' don't frown at me ' ; kufjo nes o:d o n wayd dr ay I, ' to fight
till his forehead was covered with blood' (I.W.); i ge:g o n wayd
W a:yl (O.H.) ; a:yl 9 bryn, ' brow of the hill '.
ayr, s.m., aur, D., 'gold' : nid ayr po:l> pe:B melyn (prov.), ' all is
not gold that glitters '.
ayr, s.m., pi. cyrod, aer, W.LI. ii. 9 ; B.C. 97. 14, ' heir'.
ayr, s.m., aer, C.C. 396. 18, ' air ' : tan r ayr, 'in the open air';
mynd am ncwid ayr, ' to go for a change of air '.
labiy s.m., pi. babis, babi, C.C.M. 197. 21, 'baby'.
ladlan, s.f., in such phrases as >9 gin i r y:n ladlan go:x 9 delyn,
' I haven't a brass farthing ' ; mi wart's i bo:b badlan go:x (O.H.) ;
du i n meindjo r y:n ladlan -arnati, ' I don't care a button for
you '.
bag, s.m., pi. bagja, ' bag '.
lagal, s.f., pi. bagla, bagl, D. (i) 'crutch': mynd uQ i vagla,
( to go on crutches '. (2) ' handle ' : bagalfon, zmba'rel, rha:u,forx,
'handle of a stick, umbrella, spade, fork' (in this sense Sometimes
m. — bagal manr, O.K.). (3) ' drawback ' : vy&m vagal garu (aru)
\rrnati, 'it will be a great drawback to you'. (4) m. in slate
quarries, ' a corner at the entrance of each shed (gwal) where long
slabs of slate (kbtja day hy:d, etc.) are placed, ready to be divided
into the proper lengths ' [gwal\.
bagal [magal^.
bagaldjo, v., bragaldio, S.E.* ; cf. bagaldio, M.F., ' to prattle,
babble '. Said of children who are just beginning to talk, or of
grown-up people who talk in an incoherent fashion'. Also
bagaldjo farad.
bagalf, s. (i) 'portable property' (in disparaging sense), 'lumber'
lag j ad — ba:x 29
= hem dakla, — hel d3 vagatfafur a ti:. (2) as a term of reproach :
he:n vagatf o bobol -ddynu.
bagjad, s.m., pi. bageidja, * bagful '.
baglan, s.f., baglan, S.E.*= bagal in the sense of crutch. Also
' a snare ' : baglan i Sal gwm'yan (O.H.) = magal.
bagly, magly, v., maglu, D. (i) ' to catch' (of the foot) : bagly
d tro:yd meun rubaB ; magly 9 tra:yd 9n i gilib ; also abs. mi vaglis.
(2) 'to stumble': magly ud drawo 3 tro:yd u6 garag; — trans, 'to
cause to stumble ' : mi vagloS dreynan vi. (3) ' to snare '.
bat, s.m., pi. beta, bai, D. (i) ' fault ' : arno'xi: ma r bat, l it's
your fault ' ; heb i vat heb i eni (prov.), ' no one is without his
faults ' ; 'r oybati ar vai^ ' you were at fault ' ; may r bai n sevyl ar
i rhieni, ' their parents are to blame ' ; gweld bat, * to find fault ' ;
ma nu y gweld bai 'arnoni os nauni durdjo nu, ' they take it amiss
if we scold them ' ; y kzdral zy gweld bat ar bexod (prov.), ' the pot
called the kettle black ' ; so also hel beta, kodi beta ; — sarQjo ar i vat,
' to acknowledge one's fault '. (2) ' blame ' (Anglo- Welsh ' fault ') :
d-vo: sy y ka:l 9 bai, ' he gets the blame ' ; rhoi bai ar, ' to blame '.
(3) ' defect, blemish '.
bakjo; dag/o (O.H.), v., bacio, T.N. 474. 4, 'to back' (said
to horses) : bakja / ' back ! ' (bag, O.H.).
bakko, s.m., ' tobacco ' : dgo.y o vakko 9y yhi:l i vo:x, ' a plug of
tobacco in his cheek ' ; bakko main, ( twist ' ; bakko rega'reg, ' plug
tobacco ' (W.H. — App. not known at Llanfairfechan = bakko
kalad} ; blu.'x, purs, puff bakko, ' tobacco-pouch '.
bakkun, s.m., bacwn, G.C. 128. 18 ; backwn twrch, W.S.; baccwn,
D. ; Mid. Eng. bacoun, ' bacon ' = bekn, Ki:g mo:\.
bakstandjo, v., ' to scold ' : paid a bakstandjo n wirjon ; mi ge:s
v? makstandjo n aru.
bakstreljo, v., ' to scold '.
bakfa, s.pl., sing, baksan, f., bacseu, D. (i) ' a footless stocking ' :
klokf'a a bakfa, ' clogs and footless stockings ' ; also, ' the legs of
a stocking worn outside the boots in order to walk on ice*. (2)
' any old, worn-out stocking ' : / o.ys na §im ond he:n vakf'a am
i dra:yd o, ' he has nothing but old stockings on his feet * ; kadu
arjan meun riu he:n vaksan, ' to keep money in some old stocking '
(cf. T.N. 22. 35); dimy:n baksan beni (O.H.), 'not a farthing'.
bakf'og) adj., applied to horses and fowls which have long hair
round the feet : Kefyl bakfog, jeir bakfog.
ba:x (rarely shortened as hynna bax / ' so little as that ! '), bach, D.,
adj., comp. lai, eq. leiad, li:ad, sup. leia, li:a. The radical is nearly
always used after fern, nouns, (i) 'little7: hogyn, hogan ba:x,
' little boy, girl ' ; tippin ba:x, l a little bit ' ; may pe:6 ba:x an dibany
30 la:x — baxy
hi, ' a little thing comforts her ' ; gweitjux am vynyd ba:x, ' wait a
moment' ; hynna ba:x o amsar daxi y gad /, 'is that all the time
you get ? ' ; dy:n b*\an ba:x te:ut ' a tiny little fat man '. (2) term of
endearment frequently used with proper names. (3) implying
eulogy : le: ba:x divir, ' a nice place ' ; dy:n ba:x klu:s ddi o, ' he is
a nice little man ' ; ddnas ba:x Be/, ' a nice little woman ' ; gu:r bnebtg
ba:x rhadlon, l a pleasant-spoken gentleman '. (4) implying pity :
kradyr ba:x /, ' poor fellow ! ' ; peB ba:x /, ' poor little thing ! ' (5)
implying contempt : welis i ri'o:yd by:n ba:x mor 'a'nivir a vo: /, ' I
never saw such a disagreeable man'; he:n walx ba:\ /, ' you rascal !'
(e.g. to a dog).
ba:x, s.m., pi. ba\a, bach, D., 'hook ' : ba:x a do/an, ' hook and
eye ' ; ba:\ sgidja, ' button-hook ' ; ba:x klikjad, ' the hook which
holds the latch of a door ' ; stry.d va\a (J.J. ; O.H.), ' stilts ' ; cf. D.,
s.v ' grallae ', tudfachau, ystudfachau ; ba\a i fosgolta, ' fish-hooks ' ;
rlwux z kroxon ar 3 ba:x, ' put the pot on the hook '. Used of the
hands : ?nedy kadu i vaxa dn tonyS, ' to pilfer ' — may i la:u m
vlezuog, may o n ladroni.
baxal, s., bachell, D.F. [91] 16 : in laxal vorduyd, ' hollow of the
thigh' (J.J.) (the usual word is Kesal vorduyd] and baxal asguyS,
' the hollow between the shoulder-blades '. This word is a diminu-
tive of ' bach ', ' a hollow ' ; cf. the place-name 3 va:x at Llandudno,
now called ' The Happy Valley '.
baxgan, s-m-? pl- bexgin, bachgen, D., ' boy ' (more often hogyn) :
baxgan ivayk, ' a young fellow ' ; maxgan 2] l my boy !, my lad ! '.
Cf. axan /
baxgennyn, s.m., ' bachgennyn ', D., s.v. ' puellus ' ; ' a little boy '.
baxjad, s.m., pi. baxjada, bachiad, D., s.v. 'anfractus ', ' flexura '.
(i) ' sheep's ear-mark' [no.'d^. (2) ' a certain flaw in slate ' : ' Mae
rhyw fachiadau yn ochrau rhai o'r cerrig (clytiau) ; gan hynny mae
yn gorfod marcio yr hollt yn yr ochr lie mae y bachiadau er mwyn
ei chael ar ei hyd ' (JJ.) — 'faults in the sides of the blocks'.
(3) ' a bite ' (in fishing ) (I.W.). (4) ' a job ' : ge:sti vaxjad?, ' have
you got a job ? '
og, adj., bachog, D.; ' grasping ' : dy:n baxog — am vaxy * kubul
280 i hy:n.
, s.m., bachwr, S.E., ' one who " buckles to", who works with
energy and persistence ' : may o n eiQa baxur, ' he is a very good
workman' (O.K.).
baxy, v., bachu, D., ' to hook, catch ' : ma: mhokkad wedi baxy,
' my pocket has caught ' ; r 0:8 briga r ko:yd 3m baxy 'arnoni, ' the
twigs kept catching in our clothes '. — Applied to harnessing a horse :
amsar baxy, ' the time the horses are harnessed for work in the
fields ' ; pry:d dary xi
baldary:o — bar a 3 1
baldary:o, v.; cf. baldarddu, R., 'to talk nonsense'. — Also
paldary:o (O.K.).
balir, s.m., pi. balir a, = baril, ' barrel'.
balx, adj., balch, D. (i) 'proud ' : wedi gwisgo n valx, said of
the sole of a boot which has worn through in the middle (O.H ) ;
Kin valxad a "lusifar, Kin valxad a siygo (O.H.). (2) ' glad ' : r idu
i n va/x bo \i n wel, ( I am glad you are better ' ; r oyftun i Kin
valxad o hono a tasun i wedi ka:yl lyux a lo:, ' I was as glad of it as
if 1 had got a cow and a calf (E.J.).
balxtar, balxtra, s.m., balchder, D. (i) 'pride': r he:n valxlar
hyl na, ' that unpleasant kind of pride '. (2) ' joy, gladness ' : sboykjo
o valxtra, ' to leap for joy '.
bal'xi-'o, v., balchio, D., ' to be proud ' : paid a bal'xi-'o dim, ' don't
be stuck up about it '.
balog, s.f., pi. balogjon, balog, D., 'perizoma'; 'the flap of the
breeches ' : du i wedi koli botium ar d valog ; kqy dz valog.
banadl, s.m., banadl, D., ' broom ' (Cytisus scoparius).
bannog, adj., bannog, D., ' notatus, notabilis', in morgaQ vannog,
' spotted ray ' (Raia maculata).
bant, s., mant, D., 'maxilla ' : only in bant gey ad, ' close ', in the
sense of keeping silent about something : may nu n Sigon bant
geyad hevo rubaQ -Uikjanu (I.W.), ' they can keep their mouths
closed well enough when they like '.
bant, s,, 'band': bant 3 glo:s (O.H.), 'band at the top of the
breeches '.
banur adj., pi. beinu (JJ. ; O.H.), banw, W.S.; banyw, D.; female ' :
ka:B vanu, marljod beinu.
baygljo [maygljo].
baygor, Bangor.
bar, s.m., pi. barja, barr, I.D. xxix. 9 : ' bar, bolt '.
bar a, s.m., bara, D., ' bread ' : bar a kaus (xaus], ' bread and
cheese ' ; bara menyn (= brextan), ' bread and butter ' ; du:y o vara
menyn, ' two pieces of bread and butter ' ; bara sy:x, ' dry bread ' ;
bara fres, ' new bread ' ; he:n vara, ' stale bread ' ; bara bru:d,
' bread fresh from the oven ' ; bara pryn, ' bought bread ' ; taval
o vara, ' a slice of bread ' ; furud o vara, ' scraps of bread ' = bara
ma:n ; y:n o r bara, ' one of the loaves of a baking ', — so saiQ o vara,
' a batch of seven loaves '. See also briuf'on, KilKin, Jtluf, krub,
hrsstyn, muidjon, tor 6, etc. Sorts of bread : bara ammyd, see
ammyd\ bara bri:6, ' currant loaf ; bara dan badal, ' bread baked
in an oven with a pan over it', 'pan loaf; bara day vlaud,
' bread made of wheat and barley ' ; bara gweniQ, gwyn, ' wheaten
3 2 bar a — barig
bread, white bread ' ; bara haib, ' barley bread ' ; bara kan, ' white
bread ' ; bara kanQn'g = bara day vlaud ; bara Keirx, ' oatcake ' ;
bara Half, ' bread badly risen, unwholesome, doughy, heavy bread * ;
bara ko:x = bara haib ; bara kri:, ' bread made without barm ' —
usually cut into square pieces and practically the same as pastry; bara
ksmmysg = bara day vlaud ; bara levan, ' bread made with a sponge
or lump of dough left over from the last baking ' (in common use
fifty years ago, J.J.) ; bara peiljad, ' a kind of cake like a muffin
made on a frying-pan ' ; bara radal, ' bread baked on a griddle
on a peat fire with a pan over it and the whole covered with peat ' ;
bara rhityon, ' bread made from wheat flour mixed with bran ' ;
bara rhsnjon, { bread made of oats cleared of the husks ' ; bara
syrgeirx, ' bread made, like lightcakes, of wheat or barley mixed
with oatmeal and barm added5 (JJ.).
bara, v., 'it is barred, forbidden'; bara sdm (in playing marbles),
' moving is forbidden ' (I.W.) ; bara Kiks, ' another go is forbidden'
(I.W.) ; bara dokkyn \tokkyn\.
barbar, barbur, s.m., barbwr, I.G. no [55], 'barber '.
barbro, v., ( to do the work of a barber' ; ' to dock trees ' (I.W.).
bar dun = mar dun (J.J.).
barb, s.m., pi. leirbt bardd, D., ' poet ; : barb talkan slip, ' a
sorry rimester '.
barbonjaQ, s.f., barddoniaeth, D., ' poetry '.
bargan, s.f., pi. bargemjon, bargen, D., D.G. clvi. 6 ; pi. bar-
geinion, B.C. 146. 22, ' bargain', esp. a ' bargain in a slate quarry',
i.e. 'a part of the rock, generally seven or eight yards wide, let
on special terms to three men, who are called kriu bargan '.
bargeinjo, v. bargeinio, D., s.v. ' depaciscor'; ' to come to terms,
to settle a bargain ' : daxi wedi bargcinjo ? na: do: wi:r, ma na
Xweigjan 'rhsyQoni.
bargod, s.f., pi. bargodjon, bargoda, bargod, D., 'eaves': ma: r
vargod m dweryd, ' the eaves are dripping ' ; du:r bargod, ' water
from the roof ; may hi n rhewi n rh0ujog, ag ma: n h'xjo lyu\ m yu\
na r vargod (E.J.), ' it is freezing hard, and the snow is drifting above
the eaves ' (an alliterative saying).
bargodi, v., bargodi, S.E., ' to project, overhang ', e.g. of slates or
the covering of a haystack.
barig, s.m., barrug, D., ' hoar-frost ' : ma: r barig ay gen gwyn ar
9 deyar, ' hoar-frost is a white film on the ground ' ; r qy:b po:b man
dn wyn o varig, 'everything was white with frost'; ma: rniulzykodi
o:d ar 3 barig, ' the mist is rising from the frosty ground '. Cf. rhe:u.
baril — I as gad 33
baril, s.m., pi. barila, baril, D. ; D.G. Ixxiv. 41; O.F. baril,
' barrel '. Also balir.
barjaS, s.m., bariaeth, D., ' greediness '.
barjo, v., barrio, M.LI. i. 186. 32, ' to lock, bolt' : may gmo vo
gorjad i vynd 9n i bokkad ond i ni beidjo varjo vo o&veun, 'he has a
key to go in his pocket as long as we don't lock it (the door) inside'.
barkar, s.m., barcer, D., s.v. ' coriarius '; Acts ix. 43, ' barker '.
barKid, s.m., barcut, D., < kite ' (but according to Forrest this
word is always used in North Wales for the common buzzard,
Buteo vulgaris) : mi 8o:Q o vel barKid ar giu, ' he came suddenly,
unexpectedly ' ; also disgin vel barKid ar giu ; — barKid gwynt,
' kite ' (artificial) : fleio barKid, « to fly a kite '.
barkjo, v. ' to strip off bark, to do the work of a barker '.
barklod, s.m., pi. barklodja, barclod, C.L.C. ii. 21. n; Eng.
barm-cloth ; * apron '.
barklodjad, s., barclodaid, S.E., ' apronful '.
barkly, s.m., ' tan-house, barkery '.
barkyttan, s.f., barcutan, D.G. ciii. 10, 'kite' (but see barKid};
barkyttan bappyr, ' kite ' (artificial).
barn, s.f., barn, D., ' judgment, opinion ' : 9 varn g0wir, ' the
just judgment'; rhoi barn ar, ' to judge of ; m o:l marn i:, ' in
my opinion ' ; daxi o r y:n varn a vi: ?, ' are you of the same opinion
as I ? ' ; •/ ^danu Sim o r y:n varn ar 9 pe:B, ' they are not of the
same opinion about the matter '.
barrieifo, v., barneisio, W.S., ' to varnish '.
barnis, bernis, s., bernais, H.S. 20. 14 ; barnais, D.G. Ixxvi. 25 ;
D., s.v. ' encaustum '; ' varnish ' (O.H.).
barny, v., barnu, D., ' to judge ' : barny m dmar, galad, ' to judge
kindly, harshly '.
barv, s.f., pi. barva, barf, D., ' beard ' : tori barv, ' to shave '
(seldom used =fevjo) ; barv ka:B, ' whiskers of a cat ' ; barv deru
(J.J.), ' a kind of lichen growing on oak-trees ' ; barv mo.r, ' a kind
of seaweed ' (Desmarestia).
barvog, adj., barfog, D., ' bearded '.
darys, adj., barus, D., ' greedy ' : plentyn barys. When used with
ka:B the word implies a tendency to steal ; anival barys, ' an animal
which is perpetually wandering from field to field ' (J.J.).
ba:Sj adj., ' bass ' : lais ba:s.
basgad, s.f., pi. basgedi, basket, W.S. ; basged, D., 'basket':
gwrdbyn basgad, ' the handle of a basket ' ; gweylod, ti:n basgad,
( the bottom of a basket ' ; senna basgad, ' the ribs of a basket ' ;
gwaiB basgad, ' wicker-work '.
1*32 D
34 bas£edjad — bawad
basgedjad, s.f., pi. basg^deidja, basgedaid, S.E., ' basketful '.
basn, s.m., pi. basns, ' basin '.
bastart, s., pi. bastardjad, bastart, S.G. 377. n ; bastardd, D.
(1) ' bastard ' : bastart my. -I, pi. bastardjad milod, ' mule '. Cf. T.N.
94. 30. (2) in slate quarries — ' a kind of slate which is a mixture
of pure slate and granite, and which does not admit of being split
finely, but is often used for cheap roofing '. There are two varieties,
bastart galad and bastart rvujog, ' hard and soft greys '.
batjOj v., ' to use a mattock ' (JJ.).
bail, s.f., pi. batelob (O.H.), bateil, S.G. 113. 25; battel, W.S. ;
pi. batteloedd, I.G. 216. [52], < battle '.
baltog, s.f., pi. batoga, ' mattock ' (JJ. ; O.H.). JJ. distinguished
between battog, kaib, and ho:v.
ba:6, s., a by-form of ma:6 used only in phrases like : welts i rro:yd
mo i ba:6, ' I never saw the like of her ' ; heb i ba:6, ( unequalled '
(fern.). Also in pi. 'wdsoxi ri'o:yd hogja o i ba&a nu ?, ' did you
ever see such boys ? '
ba:u, s.m., baw, D. (i) ' dung ' : ba:u devaid, gwar&ag, luynog,
etc. ; y:n ba:uja:r a r Lai ba:u dcryn, ' six of one and half a dozen
of the other ' ; ry:$ o mo i va:u i r Ki: — wel gmo vo roid d garag
arno vo, said of a very niggardly person. (2) ' mud ' : ma: ho:yl
?X trayd ?n d ba:u, ' there are marks of your feet in the mud ' ; tai
ba:u, ' mud houses'. (3) * dirt, rubbish ', e.g. in quarries = rubal,
sburjal ; karjo ba:u, i to cart away rubbish '. (4) ' weeds ' = x^jyn.
(5) vcdra i rieyd dim ba:u o hono vo, ' I can make nothing of it '.
baud, s.m.f., pi. bodja, baw^d, D. (i) ' thumb, great toe': baud
maur ; day, du:y vaud ; — rhoi kick ar 9 maud, ' to snap my fingers ' ;
/ ei di vyQ yu\'la:u baud s0udul ; V9§i di byB yux baud na s0udul,
' you will never get on in the world ' (cf. G.O. ii. 92. 5) ; hevo
•bysabaud, ' with finger and thumb ' ; kadu da vodja, ' do not pick
and steal ' ; byu o r vaud i r gena, ' to live from hand to mouth '.
(2) ' claw ' (of a crab) : bodja kraykod. (3) ' in slate quarries bodja
(?a.y6) are certain flaws which, when the slate is split, have the shape
of thumb-marks and the colour of milk ' (J J.). Cf. smolja la:yB (the
former affect the splitting and the latter do not). (4) in slate quarries
the term bodja is also applied to the projections to which the ropes
are attached which support a burb or hanging scaffold.
baujax, s.m., bawach, S.E., ' a worthless fellow ' : he:n vaujax
garu adi o.
bawa, v., bawa, S.E., 'cacare'. Cf. ba:u (i).
bawad, s.f, pi. baweidja, mawaid, D., ' llonaid dwy law', (i)
' handful ' : d0rux i mi vawad o hono vo., ' give me a handful of it ' ;
du:y vawad, ' as much as can be held in both hands '. (2) ' as far
bawaft — leintin 35
as can be reached between finger and thumb in the game at
marbles called xyoara triQuV (W.H.).
bawaft, adj., bawaidd, G.O. i. 162. 3, ' sordid, stingy '.
bay, s.m., ' bay ' (of the sea).
bay ft, s.m., baedd, D., ' boar ' : danvon 3r hu:x at 9 bayft ; — mi
godis 3 ywr^xyn vel bayft kmfteirjog (J.J.), ' I bristled up like a mad
boar'; bayft gwy.lt (J.J., O.H.), ' wild boar '; vel bayft gwydt o r
koyd (].].),< raging'. (Cf. ar6.)
bayXy s.m., pi. beixja, baich, D. ; bauch, M.LI. ii. 40. 32 ; 109.
14 ; baych, W.LI. Ixxvi. 42 ; Ixxvii. 29. 32 ; cf. G.R. 27. i, 'a load,
burden ' : bayx maur o brikja, ' a heavy load of firewood '. — Also fig.
may hi wedi my nd m vayx arno vo, ( it has become a burden to him '.
bays, adj. ; comp. beysax, bais, D., ' vadatio ' ; bas, ' non pro-
fundus ' ; ' shallow ' : du:r bays, ' shallow water '.
be: [6e:0].
bed, s., pi. bedja, ' bed (in slate quarries) '.
bedlan, s.m., in phrase ar hy:d d bedlan, ' all the time ' ; may o n
sunjan am i suppar ar hy:d 3 bedlan, ' he keeps grumbling for his
supper ' ; paid a bregljax ar hy:d 9 bcdlan (E.J.), ' don't keep
jabbering all the time'; luiftjannys ar hy:d 2 bedlan (O.K.),
' successful all along the line '.
bedu, s.pl., sing, bedwan, f., bedw, D., ' birches ' : briga bedu,
' birch twigs ' ; gjalam vedu, ' birch rod '.
bedyft, s.m., bedydd, D., ' baptism ' : bedyft esgob, ' confirmation '.
Cf. L.A. 145. 8; Yny Ihyvyr hwnn [30].
beddftjo,, v., bedyddio, D. Pret. Pass, bedzftjuyd, ' to baptize ' :
ma: nu wedi ka:l i bedjftjo gin ar esgob, f they have been confirmed '.
be:ft, s.f., pi. befta, befti, D., ' grave ' : tori be:ft, ' to dig a grave '.
begjo, v., begio, C.C. 163. 17, 'to beg': vegja vo ftim 'arnoxi,
1 he would not beg from you '.
betbil, s.m., pi. beibla, bibl, D., s.v. ' biblion ' ; ' bible '.
beiftgar, adj., beiddgar, D., ' daring ' (but cf. meiftjo).
beixfo, v., beichio, D., 'to bellow' (of a bull) —py:o. Also of
human beings, ' to bellow, bawl ' : r o:ft o m beixjo (kri:o) = gneyd
nada.
beixjog, adj., beichiog, D., ' onustus, gravidus ' ; ' bulging ', e. g.
of setts when not cut square (O.H.) = boljog.
beili, s.m., ^\.bli:od, bayli, W.S. ; pi. bailiaid, B.C. 120. 30; Mid.
Eng. baily ; ' bailiff, sherift°s officer ' : mor brzsyr a beili meun saf'un.
beintin ; beindin (W.H.), s.f., Eng. binding, (i) ' binding round
the edges of an article of clothing ', etc. (2) ' what is given over
and above the measure ' : rhoi hyn 9n veindin.
D 2
36 beio —berdjo
beio, v., beio, D., ' to blame ' : nid 2 bobol sy i veto, * it is not the
people who are to blame '.
bekkar, s.m., ' baker '.
bekkun, s.m., Eng. bed-gown, ' a woman's bodice ' (now seldom
worn) : pais a bekkun.
bekkus, s.m., ' bake-house '.
bekn, s.m., ' bacon '. Also bakkun.
bekfo, v., fecsio, T.N. 22. 35 ; Eng. vex, ' to worry '.
bela, s.m., pi. belod, bele, D., ' marten ' (Mustek martes).
belifegor, s.m., Belphegor (name of demon. Cf. B.C. 143.
19; T.N. 457. 6. — ' Beelphegor ' is the form in the Vulgate
corresponding to 'Baal-peor' in the A.V. Cf. Num. xxv. 3),
term of reproach : riu he:n velifegor dru:g.
belax, adv., bellach, D., 'now, at last': mi foljun inna ga:yl W
suppar belax, a\os r 9du i wedi gweitjo digon, 'it's time I had my
supper too by this time, as I've waited long enough ' ; rhaid i ni
vo:d 97i bjolxgar am bo:b durnod lra:v belax ga:ni ru:an, ' we must
be thankful for every fine day we get now (from now onwards) ' ;
rJwux gora i x su:n belax, ' stop your noise now '.
bendigedig, adj., bendigedic, Gen. ix. 26. (i) 'magnificent, soul-
inspiring' (e.g. of an eloquent sermon or prayer). (2) 'excellent,
splendid' : daxi wedi gneyd tro: bendigedig.
bendiQ, s.f., pi. bendiBjon, bendith, D., * blessing '. Used ironically
in do:s, bmdiQ 8)'u i ti: /, do:s o: na, bendiB <? ta:d i ti /, do:s, bendiQ
la:d !, ' get away for goodness' sake ' ; govyn bendiQ ar 3 buyd, ' to
ask a blessing on the food, to say grace '.
bendiQjol, adj., bendithiol, S.E., ' beneficial ' : tro: bendiOjol, ' a
beneficial turn '.
bcnBig, s.m., benthyg, D. ; cf. benthig, G.R. 57. 10, 'loan': rhoi
benBig a tommy d benBig, ' to lend and to borrow ' ; govyn benBig (am
vcnBi'g) sii'M, 'to borrow a shilling'; ga: i venBig su:lt 'gmoxi?,
' will you lend me a shilling 1 ' ; d0m\ i mi venBig honna, s gwelux
m da:, ' lend me that, please ' ; arjan benBig, ' borrowed money ' ;
benBig rhuy la:u a la:u, ' a loan without security '.
ben6,ikka> Qtkka (O.H.), v., cf. benthygio, D., ' to borrow '.
bera, s.pl., berr, D. ; cf. T.N. 146. 4, 'legs': smmiyd d? vera,
' stir your stumps ' ; mi trawo§ o nes o.yd a i vera i vmy, ' he
knocked him sprawling '.
berdjo, v., in phr. berdjo klauS (tierig), ' to place thorns on the top
of a wall and keep them in position by placing stones on them '. —
Kerig ar vleyna 3 drain a r bo?ia i vmy.
berdyn- — be:6 37
berdyn, berdiy, s.m., < thorns, etc., placed on the top of a wall,
with stones to keep them in position'.
derm's \J)arnis\.
beru, s.m., berw, D. (i) 'boiling': d0ru\ ja:s o veru arno vo,
' boil it slightly ' ; — fig. may hi n veru givydt, ' it is very lively (e. g.
of a meeting) '. (2) ' foaming water '. (3) ' whim, fad, infatuation,
muddle-headedness ', i.e. pen ma ru:in wedi fommyd riu y:n pe:B m
i ben a dim ond hunna ; — ma na riu veru vn i benno.
beru, berwi, s.pl., berwr, D. : beru du:r, ' water-cress ' (Nasturtium
officinale) ; berufranig, ' cress ' (Lepidium sativum).
berva, s.f., pi. berva.y, berfa, D., ' wheel-barrow ' : berva vreixfa,
' a wooden contrivance without wheels, with two handles at each
end, for carrying stones, etc.'
ber'vayd, s.f., pi. berveidja, berfaaid, S.E., ' wheel-barrowful '.
berwedig, adj., berwedig, D., s.v. ' assus ' ; ' boiling ' : du:r
berwedig) ' boiling water '.
berwi, v., berwi, D. Pret. 3. berwoft. Imperative berwa ;
berwux, berux, ' to boil ' : ma: r du:r 9m berwi, ' the water is
boiling ' ; ma: r tettal dm berwi, i the kettle is boiling ' ; berwi y
grdxjas, ' to boil furiously ' ; u:y wedi berwi, ' a boiled egg ' ; fmnux
9 teKal i laur rhag 280 verwi n sj'.'x, ' take the kettle off or else it
will boil away ' ; / o:ys dim berwi arno vo, ' it won't boil '. Figura-
tive uses : may nrha:yd i m berwi, ' my feet are tingling with heat ' ;
berwi i ben, ' to take a fad about something, to get excited, talk
excitedly ' ; — ' to swarm ' : am berwt o lay, o brzvad, ' swarming with
lice, with insects ' ; — may r k: 3m berwi i gi:d hevo nu, ' the whole
place is swarming with them \
betjo, v., ' to bet '.
betjo, v., Eng. debate (?), with p9sljo : pzsljo a betjo (p rynfa neiB o
ai peidjo\ O.K., ' to rack one's brains, to be at one's wit's end (as
to whether one will do a thing or not) '.
be:B, be:, bed, be, beth (for pa beth). (i) interrogative pronoun be: t>,
' what ? ', asking for the repetition of a remark (=syt?, which is con-
sidered less polite), and in the other senses of the English word ; be
di o /, ' what is it ? ' ; be sy: ?t ' what's the matter ? ' ; be s ant if'o ?,
4 what's the matter with you ? ' (= be hary /zV); be may o n deydP,
1 what does he say ? ' ; be:B o.yd 9 testyn ?, ' what was the text ? ' ;
i be: may hunna n 8a: ?, ' what's this for ? ' — With i understood
' why ? ' : be na: i helKid o mor bel ?, ' why should I lug it so far ? ' ;
be r a: i a vo: j3, ' why should 1° take it ? ' ; — be stad, stid = be sy
wedi du:ad, e. g. 'be stad tdo vo /, ' what's the matter with him ? ' ;
'be stad i r hogan ? \ 'be stid i r dy:n ? (2) introducing indirect
question : hidjux be vo, hidjux be vo vo:, ' never mind ' ; wa:y& be
38 beOma — bjogan
DO, ' it doesn't matter ' ; dim ods be:, * it doesn't matter what ' ;
d un i dim be na: 2, p r ynta mynd ta peidjo, ' I don't know what to
do, whether to go or not ' ; may hun zm boyOax na d un i bim be:,
' this is hotter than I don't know what ' ; / 0:8 i dim 3y gubod be
bey da hi, ' she did not know what to say '. — With bmnag (a) ' what-
ever ' : bed bdnnag neiQ o, ' whatever he does ' ; golux 2 gannuyl be
bmnag neuxi, ' light the candle whatever you do ' ; (b) ' at any
rate ' (Anglo- Welsh, ' whatever ').
beQmci) y peth yma, ' what d'you call it ? ' : r 0:8 o n reit be&ma.
beydy, s.m., pi. brdai, beudy, D., ' cow-house, cattle-shed '.
beyby, v., baeddu, D. = meydy, ' to maul, soil ' : ddnjon dm beyby
i gilib ; plant am beyby r ty: ; fig. beyby hmerjad dy:n.
beynyb, adv., beunydd, D., 'quotidie'; 'continually': may o
dmma beynyb zy klebran ; — by6 a beynyb, ' for ever and a day '.
bibjol, adj., buddiol, D., * advantageous, serviceable ' : dilad
bibjol ; — gwisgo n vibjol, ' to wear serviceable clothes '.
bi.f, s.m., biff, W.S., 'beef.
bigal, s.m., pi. bigeiljad, bugail, non bigail, D., ' shepherd '.
Often bigal devaid.
bigaljo, v., bugeilio, Cant. i. 7, ' to keep sheep ' : bigeiljo devaid,
bihavjo, bzhavjo, v., ' to behave ' = wituyn.
bik^ call to a single pig (cf.gis). Also an endearing expression
to a pig : bik ba:x / (O.H.).
bildjo, v., bildio, T.N. 407. n, 'to build '. Cf. adeiljady, kodi.
bili dukkar, s., ' razor-bill ' (Alca torda). Also bili d0uka, bili
dukka.
bilifudan, s., ' a kind of material ' : klo:s o vilifudan,pais vilifudan.
Also a term of reproach : r hem vilifudan gwirjon (O.H.).
bilug, s.m., pi. biluks, bilwc cau, W.S. (a hedgynge byll),
' bill-hook '.
bi.if, s,, pi. ko:yd bi:tf, ' beech ' : knay bi:tf, ' beech-nuts '.
biumaras, bliumaras, 2 bliu, Buwmares, W.LI. Ixvii. 22, ' Beau-
maris '.
biusful, adj., Eng. abuseful ; ' cruel, harsh, apt to ill-treat '.
biuslyd, adj. = biusful.
biufo, v., biwsio, T.N. 300. 24; Eng. abuse, (i) 'to abuse,
insult'. (2) 'to ill-treat' : biufo aniveiljad ; be u:ti m biufo mlhant
a i kyro nu ?
bjogan (pjodan at Tregarth, I.W.). s.f., pi. bjogannod, pjogod
(O.H.), pioden and piogen, D., s.v. ' pi ' ; ' magpie ' (Pica rustica) :
Kinfoykad a r bjogan. Also a term of reproach for a woman.
blagyr — blayn 39
blagyr, s.pl., blagur, D., ' young sprouts or shoots ' : tavly r
blagyr ; ' to sprout ' ; blagyr ddi r t0uljad kmta.
blagyro, v., blaguro, D., 'to sprout'.
blaiS, s.m., pi. bleftja(t)d, blaidd, D., < wolf '. (For pi. cf. M.LI,
ii. 118. 7; D.P.O. 160. 35.)
blakkan, s., ' a black ' : Kin 8y:ad a blakkan. Also a cow-name.
Cf. T.N. 183. 5.
bla:s, s.m., bias, D., ' taste ' : may bla:s tri:og arno vo, ' it tastes
of treacle ' ; nt o:ys na vla:s da: arno vo P, ' isn't it nice ? ' ; be di r
bla:s dru:g sy ar hun ?, ' what makes this taste so nasty ? ' ; wedi
mynd alan o i vla:s, ' to have lost its (proper) taste, to have become
sour, high, etc.' — Fig. may bla:s ar da:n heno, 'a fire is pleasant
to-night ' ; xe:s i &m bla:s 9ri'oyd arno vo, ' I never had any
pleasure in it ' ; xe:s i &m bla:s zri'oyd i wrando arno vo, ' I never
had any pleasure in listening to him '.
blasterog, adj., sometimes for brasterog, ' fat '.
blasys, adj., blasus D., s.v. ' sapidus ' ; ' tasty, savoury ' : fig.
pregaQ vlasys, ' a taking sermon '.
blaf'o, v., blasio, ' to taste ' = provi \ t adi o Sim ond i vlaf'o vo.
Cf. Y genau sydd yn ffailio iawn flassio pob melysion, B. 1747.
b la:u = heb la:u \heb\.
blaud, s.m., blawd, D., 'flour': blaud gwyn — peijjad, 'wheat-
flour ' ; blaud k'eirx, ' oatmeal ' ; blaud li:, ' saw-dust ' ; gwerQy blaud,
' to flatter ' ; dal blaud wynab, ' to put the best face on matters ', ' to
put up with what cannot be prevented '.
blayn, s.m., pi. bleyna, blaen, D. (i) 'front, fore-part, tip,
point ' : blayn 9 iruyn, ' the tip of the nose ' ; ar vlayn 3 trayd,
' on tip-toe ' ; ar vleyna x trayd, ' on tip-toe ' ; blayn 3 galaQ, ' the
point of the knife ' ; bleyna 9 basati, ' the tips of the fingers ' ; blayn
lanu, ' the turn of the tide ' ; blayn newyb, said of the new
moon : mi da:u penwaig hevo r blayn newy§ (O.H.), ' there will be
herrings with the new moon ' ; blayn 9 mo:r, ' the edge of the flowing
or ebbing sea ' ; deryn 9y kalyn blayn 9 mo:r. — Common in place-
names, e. g. blayn 9 dalva (between Pen Bryn Du and Y Drosgl) ;
blayn kbnin (i. e. Celynin — between Y Foel Fras and Pen y Dorth
Goch). (2) 'priority' (of place or time): puy ga:6 9 blayn?,
' who was first ? ' ; a^yb 9 blayn, ' to forestall '. (3) ' push ' : t o:s
dim blayn 9no vo, ' he has no push in him ', ' he is not quick in
furthering his own interests '. Cf. also bleinjon.
Adverbs and prepositions formed with blayn are the following : —
o vlayn, prep., ' before ' (of place, and sometimes of time) :
rhoi klut o vlayn 9 ta:n, ' to put a rag before the fire ' ; rhoi 9 droL
o vlayn 9 Kefyl, ' to put the cart before the horse ' ; tori tul o vlayn
hoy Ian, ' to make a hole to put a nail in ' ; un i dim be da:u o vlayn
4O bla:yn — ble:u
ne ar i o:l o, ' I don't know what comes before or after it ' ; o vla:vn
^ ty:, ' in front of the house ' ; o mla:yn i, ' in front of me ' ;
' before me ' (of time) : rhcdux o n bla:yn m, ' run on in front ' ;
o vla:yn 9 g!a:u, ' before the rain '.
o r blayn, adv., ' before, ago ' : p(a)6evnos o r bla:yn ; r usnos
o r blayn, ' the other week ' ; -vy.oxi dno o r blayn />, ' have you
been there before ? ' ; 9 fro: o r blayn, ' last time '.
rhag blayn, adv., ' at once, immediately ' : may hi y kr^xy i dail
rhag blayn, ' its leaves shrink up immediately ' ; gwerdy po:b pe:6
rhag blayn, ' to sell everything at once '.
9 mlayn, adv., ' forwards ' : zn o:l ag 9 mlayn, ' backwards and
forwards, there and back, to and fro ' ; Kerux 3n ax blayn, 'go on ' ;
tyd s mla:yn, vn da i'la:yn, ' come on ' ; mynd 9 mla:yn hevo r gwaiO,
' to go on with the work '.
9 mlayn la:u, adv., ' in front of, in the sense of anticipating or
forestalling a person or thing ' : mynd 9 mla\yn la;u i$o vo, ' to fore-
stall him' (cf. bleynlau).
blayn, adj., comp. blcynax, blaen, D., ' foremost, front ' : hoys
vlayn, ' fore-leg ' ; daint blayn, ' front tooth '.
blefyn in Ueba MeSyn, cleddyf Bleddyn, D., ' spleen '.
dfeind, s.m., pi. lleinds^ ' blind ' (O.H. has hrtati}.
bleinjo, v., blaenio, D., s.v. ' spiculo ', ' to milk the first milk at
milking-time J.
bleinjon, s., pi. blaenion, S.E., s.v. 'blaen' ; cf. Neh. x. 37, 'the
first milk at milking-time '.
lle:r, adj., afler, D., vulgo pro aflerw. (i) ' untidy ' : ru:m vle:r ;
dn i n rhy: vlc:r i vynd alan, (2) ' untidy in work, wasteful, un-
methodical, lacking in promptitude ' : ma: nu y gwei&jo 3 xwarat
m vle:r jaun, ' they are working the quarry very wastefully ' ; dmas
vle\r an i gwi:sg a i gwaiB ; — 'r oy§anu n vle:r jaun — hi:r zy kaxuyn
(E J., speaking of the mourners at a funeral). (3) ' strange ', im-
plying the lack of something : by:b m v/e:r, ' it will seem strange
without you '.
blerux, vlerux, s.m., aflerwch, S.E., ' untidiness, wastefulness '.
blew, s.pl., sing, blewyn m. (which is sometimes also used collec-
tively), blew, D. (i) ' hair ' (of persons, except of the hair of the
head — cf., however, blewyn o wa:lt — and animals) : ma:rga:6^y koti
blc:u, ' the cat's fur is coming out ' ; blewyn maur, ' long hair°',
e.g. of cattle which can stand the weather; ble:u hgad, 'eye-
lashes ' ; ble:u g'e'ivr, ' a peculiar formation of clouds ' (JJ.) ; mi
beydif i am bo:b blewyn o wa:lt dn ifen i, ' I told her over and over
again ' ; heb vlewyn ar i davod, ' without mincing matters ' ; tsnny
blewyn o i dru\yn o, ' to anger him ' ; rhaid tmiiy r gwinab o r ble:u,
' one must set to in earnest — rhaid i xi vo:d uBi hi o Sivri, gimmint
a "vedruxi ; wedi neyd o i dru:x 2 blewyn, 'having done it to a
bleujax — bh'yo 4 1
nicety ' ; blewyn kam dn mynd i r hgad, ' an eyelash getting into the
eye '. (2) used of grass : blewyn gla:s, ' fresh spring grass, un-
wholesome for sheep' (J.J.); mi gorfennid blewyn g la: s 9 gwanuyn
z, said of a sheep, because such grass picks out the weakest
(O.H.) ; ble:u gla:s = also grass such as grows up in a path and has
to be removed. (3) ' (not) the least, (not) the slightest bit ' : dary
Xi vrivo P na:, dim blewyn (O.K.), * have you hurt yourself? No,
not in the least ' ; dim blewyn o la:u (O.H.), ' not a drop of rain ' ;
wa:y& i mi r y:n blewyn beidjo (O.H.), 'I might just as well not
every bit ' ; wa:y6 gin i hun dim blewyn m 9 by:d (O.H.), ' I should
like that just as well '.
bkujax, s., pi. blewiach, D., * hair (in a disparaging sense), down ' :
riu he:n vleujax ar i e:n 0(I.W.). Also ' small bones of fish' (I.W.).
bkwemma, v. (?), blewyna, S.E., ' to hang about ' : be u:ti n i
vlewemma (O.H. — obsolete).
blavog, adj., blewog, D., ' hairy ' : dylo blewog, see la:u.
bleynad, s., ? planed, D., s.v. ' planeta ', in the sense of ' meteor '
— in phrase mynd vel bleynad, ' to go hurriedly ' (I. W.).
bleynbost) s.} blaenbost, S.E., ' the post to which a gate fastens '.
bleynlau, adj., blaenllaw, D., s.v. ' praesignifico ' ; ' pushing, quick
to further one's own interests '.
bleynfym, adj., blaenllym, D., s.v. ' cuspidatus ', ' samius ' ,
' satyriee ' ; ' sharp-pointed ' (more often expressed by bla:yn mam}.
bleynor, s.m., blaenor, D., ' an elder in a chapel '.
bleynori, v., blaenori, D., s.v. 'excedo', etc., 'to take a prominent
position, to take a leading part ' (meun).
bli:n, adj., blin, D. (i) ' peevish, bad-tempered, cross7 : kradyr
ka:s bli:n, 'an unpleasant, peevish creature'; plentyn bli:n. (2)
' tiresome, unpleasant ' : he:n waiQ go vli:n zdi o, ' it's a tiresome
job ' ; ma:r d0wy§ m digon bli:n u6 §al vod o n sy:x, ' the weather is
rather unpleasant, considering it is dry '. (3) ' tired ' : teimlo n vli:n.
blinedig, adj., blinedig, ' tired '.
I/lino, v., blino, D. (i) ' to be tired': du i wedi blino, 'I am
tired ' ; daxi wedi blino ar gi:g ?, ' are you tired of meat ? ' ; du iwedi
blino zmma, ' 1 am tired of being here ' (Anglo-Welsh, ' I am tired
here '). Fig. of land : may r ti:r wedi blino, ' the land is tired, used
up as regards bearing crops '. (2) ' to tire '. (3) 'to annoy, aggra-
vate, vex ' : / 3di o m blino dim arna i, ' it doesn't annoy me at all '.
bliyo, v., blingo, D., ' to flay ' : m0ur6 a Ia:d, ebril a vliy (prov.),
' March slays, April flays ' ; bliyo 3 Ki: (9 ga:6) erbyn i gumfon
(xumfori), < to squander, to become poor through being too free
with one's money ' ; bliyo r ko:yd (O.H.), ' to slice off the surface
of wood ', e.g. with an adze (neda) in ship-building.
42 bli:B — bluybyn
bli:Q, s., blith, D., ' lactans, lactarius, lac praebens ' : only in degum
9 bli:&, « tithe on cattle, sheep, and poultry ' (O.H.).
bloda, s.pl., sing, blodyn, m., blodeu, D., ' flowers ' : m de:u o
vloda, ' thick with flowers ' ; 9n i vloda, ' flowering ' ; bloda piso n <?
gwely, ' dandelions '. Cf. Fr. pissenlit.
bloibjo, v., bloeddio, D., s.v. ' clamo ' ; ' to shout ' : o:y$ o m bloityo
nB farad ; bioibjo maur.
blokkyn, s.m., pi. blokja. (i) ' block': blokkyn pren. (2) ' block-
head ' : hem vlokkyn. — Also plokkyn, q.v.
blonag, s.m., bloneg, D., ' pig's fat, lard ' : rhaid i mi vyu ar 9
mlonag am usnos, ' I must live on my own fat for a week ' (being in
straits) ; hiro hu:\ de:u a blonag (prov.), ' to give to one who already
has plenty '.
blonhegan, s., blonhegen, D., 'fasciculus axungiae'; ' leaf ' (of
pork).
blonhegog, adj., blonegog, T.N. 15. 38, 'fat'.
blorjo, v. = broljo (E.J.). Cf. S.J.E., p. 108.
blotjog, adj., plotiog, T.N. 12. 29, ' variegated, of various colours ' :
g0un blotjog,fro:g gotton vlotjog.
blottyn, s.m.,, Eng. blot ; ' speck, mark ' : byux wen a blottyn dy:
ar i Balkan i ; blottyn dy: ar wymmad merx, ar gi: gwyn.
bloyb, s.f.. bloedd, D., s.v. ' clamor ' ; ' shout '.
bloysg, adj., bloesg, D., ' blaesiloquus, blaesus ' ; 'of thick utter-
ance ' : tavod bloysg ; may i barabl o n vlo:ysg.
bhiify'ad, s.m., blwyddiaid, (pi.) Lev. xxiii. 18, 19, 'a yearling'
(J.J.) ; adjectivally devaid bluityad, ' yearling sheep '.
blu.'Xt s.m., pi. bh\a ; lb\od (O.H.), blwch, D., 'box' (in fairly
common use, but boks is more frequent) : blu:x 3 bigal, ' a small,
round, light wooden box formerly used by shepherds to hold butter,
containing from a quarter to half a pound, carried with a piece of
a loaf (in a wallet) and a can of buttermilk' (J.J.); blu.'xbakko,
' tobacco pouch '.
blu:yftt s.f., blwydd. (i) 'a year, in speaking of age': be di
o:yd o ? bhcyS a hannar, ' how old is he 1 eighteen months ' ; he:n
wraig yn dair blu:y§ i gant o:yd, 'an old woman of ninety-seven ' ;
hannar bln;y§ zdi o vory, ' he is six months old to-morrow ' ; pen i
vlu:y§, ' his birthday ' ; dy sy:l duy&a o:S hi y ka:l pen i blu:y$ my:n
or be:g, 'it was her eleventh birthday last Sunday'. (2) ' yearlings,
things of a year old ' : ma: r blu:y§ m la:b 3 dmluyb (O.H.), ' (frogs)
of one year old kill those of two years old '.
bluybyn, s.f., pi, Ibwbob, bbntia, blwyddyn, D., s.v. ( annus ' :
1 year ' (not used after cardinal numbers except y:n) : y:n vluyfyn,
bly:s — bo:d 43
' one year ' ; may o wedi maru er s dfonriob, ' he died years ago ' ;
vhndba ar vbnefta, ' years upon years ' ; kanto§ o vhnabob an o:l,
' hundreds of years ago ' ; bluybyn newyd Sa: i xi ! 3ry:n pe:B (r y:
va:B) i x*0a, ' & happy New Year to you ! The same to you '.
bly:s, s.m., blys, D., ' longing, craving, desire ' : ma na i vly:s o,
' I am longing for it ' ; ma na i vly:s govyn ibo vo, ' I have a great
mind to ask him ' ; n t o:s 'arno\i dim bly:s altro f, ' haven't you
any desire to change ? ' (i. e. your manner of living) ; r 0:8 arno vo
vly.s bildjo ty:, ( he wanted to build a house ' ; kodi bly:s, ' to
excite a desire '.
&bdar,s.,p\.l>bdars, Eng. plover (?), the 'grey plover' (Squata-
rola helvetica).
bbnab, s.f., blynedd, D., s.v. ' annus ' ; ' year ' (only used after
cardinal numbers except^:w) : du:y vlmaft, fair 6fana8, pedar blmah,
pym mhnad, xwe bbnab, said mfonad, u:yO mfonad, na:u mfonad, de:y
mlmad, igjan mhnad, kan mfonad.
bbndftol, adj., blynyddol, D., s.v. 'annuus'; 'annual'.
bbf'o, v., blysio, D., 'to long for ' = bo:d m awybys, 0uxys.
bbf'og, adj., cf. blysig, D., ' longing '.
bnavyd, bdnavyd, v., bynafyd, S.E., ' to hurt, to hurt oneself =
brivo : may o wedi bnavyd m aru ; mi lasun i bnavyd o n ovnaduy,
' I might have hurt him very badly '. — Tan frethyn yn dy frathu y
Nifel i'th fynafu, A. (T. Ellis Roberts).
bnaiys, adj., ' painful ' = anavys.
6ne8ig, bnheftig, adj., bonheddig, D., s.v. ' nobilis ', only in gu(:)r
bnebig, gwr bonheddig, 'gentleman'. PI. boneftigjon, boneftigjons,
bbigjons.
bnjawid, bmjawid, s.m., pi. bnjawada, mynawyd, D., 'pricker,
awl '.
bo: s.m., bo, S.E., ' bogey '.
boba, s.f., epithet applied to an old woman (practically obsolete).
Cf. ewa.
bo:d ; bod (in rapid speech), v., bod, D., 'to be '.
Present: S. i. ddu, du, 2. u:yt (u:t), 3. 9di, di, i ; ma:y (may,
ma:, ma)', o.ys (o:s, os, s). PL i. ydan, adyn, 2. zdax, dax, ^dyx,
3. 9dyn ; (9) ma:y nu.
Present (Relative) : sy:d, sy:, sy, s.
Present (Iterative) and Future: S. i. ba§a(v\ 2. fodt\ 3. &y:8,
PL i. bd^an, bdbun, 2. b&ux, 3. ba&an.
Imperfect: S. i. qydun, o:n, on, 2. qydat, 3. oyS, 0:8. PL i,
oyftan, 2. qydax, 3. b'y§an.
Imperfect (Iterative) and Conditional : S. i. fodun, 2. fo&af,
3. foda. PL i. badan, 2. fodax, 3. baftan.
44
bo:d
Imperfect (Impersonal) : b&id.
Preterite and Perfect : S. i.by:om, by:s, 2. by:ost, 'by:oxti, 3- by:,
by:o. PL i. by:ont 2. by:ox, 3- by:on.
Pluperfect: S. r. basun, 2. basat, %.basa. PL i. basan, 2. basax,
3. basan.
Present Subjunctive: S. 2. fox/z', 3. bo:, fodo, boQo.
Imperfect Subjunctive : S. i. baun, 2. ba:t, 3. bay, ba: (j)e ba:
vo). PL i. ba:n, 2. ba:x, 3- &*.'».
Imperative : S. 2. &y:8, 3. £0/y</, fo:*?. PL 2. fotiux-
The following shows the use of the Present in detail : —
(a) Affirmative: S. i. du i, r adu i \_m du:ad\ 2. r u:(y)ti,
3. (y) may o (rarely may vd] ; (<?) may hi. PL i. (^)dam, 'r idani,
2. ('3>)daxt, '?' zdaxi, 3. (<?) may nu. The forms with r are often
preceded by the particle mi; r is sometimes omitted as mi du inna
n du:ad.
(b) Negative: S. i. (/ ^]du i dim \_m du:ad~\, 2. (/) u:(y)ti dim,
3. / 9di o dim ; t ?di hi dim ; — / o:(y)s na 8tm, ' there is not any ' ;
j gini dim, 'I have not any'. PL i. (•/ 3}dani dim, 2. (•/ 9)daxi
Sim, 3. ('/ d}danu dim.
(c) Interrogative : S. i. tdui \mdu:ad\? 2. ti:(y)ti? 3. zdi o?,
M/i hip PL i. 'adani ? 2. (ftdaxi ? 3- 'adynu? — -oys na?, Ms
there ? '
(d) Interrogative negative : S. i . nt adu i \3n du:ad~\ ?, ' am I
not [coming | ? ', etc. : nt o:{y}s na ?, ' is there not ? ' ; du i n du:ad,
nt ddu (/') ?, ' I am coming, am I not ? '
(e) Answering a question in the affirmative : S. i. zdu, 2.
ti:yt, 3. 3di. PL i. sdan, 2. ddax, 3- ^dyn, 'I am, etc.', equivalent
to 'yes'; oys, 'there is', 'yes'. The pronouns are very seldom
used with the above, and then only for the sake of emphasis. S. 3.
and PL 3. when emphatic become respectively zdt, 2 may o (oys,
2 may) ; zdyn, 9 may nu.
(f) Answering a question in the negative: S. i. na:g adu,
2. na:g u:(y)l, 3. na:g ddi '; na:g oys. PL i. na:g ddan, 2. na:g
•sdax, 3- na:g ddyn, ' I am not, etc. ', equivalent to * no '. For
pronouns cf. (e).
(g) Interrogative in answer to a statement, as in English : ' He
is going. Is he ?' S. i. fdu .p, sdu ^i P 2. u:^yt P, u:(y]^ti P 3. 9^diP,
idi ^o P ; 9 may ^oP (emphatic); o:\ys. PL i. d^danP, *dda>ni P
2. d^daxP, ^dyx?, 'ada^xi ? 3- ^dyn P, ^dy^nuP (v indicates a rise in
the voice in the following syllable), [af'je? may be used instead
of these when emphasis is required.]
(h) Interrogative negative in answer to a statement in the
negative, as in English : ' He is not going.' * Isn't he ? ' S. i. na:g
d^duP 2. na:g u^yt P 3. na:g z^diP, na:g ^oys ? PL i. na:g ^danP
2. na:g d^daxP, na:g d^dyxP 3. na:g ^dyn? — na:g ddu, na:g dduP,
' No, I am not, am I ? ' ; na:g oys, na:g oys, ' No, there is not,
is there ? ' (a in the first na:g is longer than in the second).
lo:d 45
The same with other tenses, e. g. Present Iterative or Future : —
(a) (mi) V9§a i, b9§a i, (b) wba i dim, (c) wda if1 (d) n va§a i?
(e) foda(v), (b9$a i:}, (f) na: vrta(v), (na: vdba z>), (g) vzdaty)*
vzba i: ? (h) na: vz8a(v) /> [except with the Preterite and Perfect :
(d) mi 'vy.oxi wo, n ^do: ? (e) do:, (f) -na: 80:, (g) *do: f> (h) -na: ^80: />]
The following are examples of the use of the tenses :
Present : may o n du:r da: jaun ; du:r da: jaun ddi o, ' it is
very good water ' ; vaint i (sdi) o r glo:x ?, ' what time is it ? ' • y:n
0 b le: di d vam j3, ' where does your mother come from ? ' ; may
m boyO heity'u. ddi, 9 may, ' it z> hot to-day '. Ans. ' yes, it is ' ;
dim 9 fnhel wedi pedwar, zdi hi ? — de:y mynyd, — o:, 9 may hi, ' not
much after four, is it ? ' — ' Ten minutes '. — ' Oh, it is, is it ? ' ; mynd
vory may o, ' he is going to-morrow ' ; mynd vory may V />, ' is he
going to-morrow ? ' ; sy daxi, s taxi, syt ar '9da\i, syt dr d'daxi?,
' how are you ? ' ; 9fxi: di mis far dgo:(n}s P i:a, ' are you Mr. Jones ? '
Ans. ' yes ' ; un i dim le ma n i ve&ul ddu i, 1 1 don't know what he
thinks I am ' ; o:s na bed P, ( is there some ? ' (vocalic mutation).
Present Relative : be sy: ?, ( what's the matter ? ' ; be s naxi if'o />,
' what do you want ? ' ; vaint sy: 0:8 dmma i vaygor P, ' how far is it
from here to Bangor ? ' ; vely s iffo gneyd, ' that's what you ought
to do ' ; 9 pe sy njaun sy n jaun, ' what's right is right ' ; kim'ra:ig
go wayl s gini hi, ' she speaks rather bad Welsh '.
Present Iterative : r y: va:B a vy:8 bo:b dy:8, ' the same as
usual ' ; vel 3 vam vy:8 9 verx (prov.), cf. ' like father like son ' ;
v?8a i byd zn sa:l, ' I am never ill ' ; le: bmnag b&a i: ly>:8 d Ki:,
' wherever I am the dog is ' ; b§a i n ovnys jaun 9n 9 no:s, ' I am
very timid at night ' ; le: fy:8 pe6 zr eiQ ped (prov.), ' money goes
where money is '.
Future : ka&u k0unt vaint vy:8 o bo:b y:n, ' count how many
there are of each ' ; os na &y:8 dim axos zy kodi, ' if no cause arises ' ;
kmtad a 'vtiuxi m barod, ' as soon as you are ready '.
Imperfect : pen do:0 o adra r 0:8 o dgest a maru, ' when he
came home he was nearly dead ' ; mi redifnes o:n iwedikoliywynt,
' I ran till I was out of breath ' ; r "qybani wedi xloi hi, i we had
locked her up ' ; kay berwi o.yd o, ' it wouldn't boil '.
Imperfect Iterative : r oyftun i n arvar kayl vanned nes btiun
1 dgest a mynd o gho:, ' I used to get toothache till I was nearly
mad ' ; dim n agos Kimmint a V9§a, ' not nearly as many as there
used to be ' ; bdba gin 9 nhaid lawar jaun o streyon, ' my grand-
father used to know a great many stories ' ; mi -vibanu n deyd er s
talum, pen o:n (vz8un) i n hogan, ' they used to say long ago, when
I was a girl ' ; mi V9$a hunnu n du:ad i gwelt i, ' he used to come
and see her '. — With conditional meaning : pe bay r wybva y
gaus vsba n haus ka:l kosyn (prov.), * if Snowdon were made of
cheese it would be easier to get some ' ; mi V9$a n bigon am z\
hoydal xi vynd 9no, ' it would be at the peril of your life for you to
go there'.
46 bo:d
Preterite and Perfect : ma: n bravjax ru:an na by: tru: r dy:8,
e it is finer now than it has been all day ' ; k: *by:oxti ?, ' where
have you been ? ' ; damma h ~by:onu n troi bora ma, ' this is where
they have been ploughing this morning ' ; mi vy:om i dmma o r
bla:yn, ' I have been here before ' ; vy:o vo §im zmma er s tro: by:d,
' he has not been here for a very long time ' ; mi -vy:osti n hi:r /,
'you have been a long time!'; by:o vo varu, 'he died'; vy:o
ri'oyd dru:g na vy:o n ty'ont i ru:in> ' it is an ill wind that blows
nobody good '.
Pluperfect. The simple pluperfect sense has been entirely
lost. The tense is used : (i) in optative phrases of the form
pitti na vasun i dno /, ' I wish I had been there ! '. (2) to extenuate
the force of a question, as syt na 'vasaxi n deydrubaBmakwarvod?,
( why didn't you say something at the meeting ? '. (3) in conditional
sentences, S. i. tasun( = peta.s\vn), ' if I had been, if I were ', 2.tasat,
3. tasa\ PL i. lasan, 2. tasax, 3. tasan, e.g. vel tasa, 'as it were';
'tosaxt n vcyax mi vasa n haus z\ a9sgy, ' if 7°u nad been younger
it would have been easier to teach you ' ; tasa tippin o eira n dn:ad
i laur, vasa y gnesax wedyn, ' if a little snow fell it would be warmer
afterwards ' ; mi vasa n 8a: gin i tasa r he:n fonas na n du:ad
i Xr°gi-> i ga:l darvod hcvo hi, ' I wish that old woman were coming
(and be hanged to her), so as to be done with her ' ; sometimes
the simple form is used, as may hi n edrax vel basa hi am la:u etto,
' it looks like more rain '. (4) with conditional or pluperfect con-
ditional sense. The following are examples in addition to those
given in (3) : 'vasaxi n Uikjo i mi roi ta:n ar 9 lamp /, ' would you
like me to light the lamp?' ; mi 'vasaxi n mynd mo lanxbjany, 'you
would get there in a jiffy ' ; r oydun i n ovni -vasaxi %im in leikjo nu,
' I was afraid you would not like them ' ; r 9du i nfu:r na vo: vasa
3 mistar, ( I am sure he would be the master ' ; r on i y gubod be
vasa diwab 2 ga:n, ' I knew what would be the end of it ' ; mi vasa
hi n deyd na x^mma hi bim doktor, ( she would have said she would
not have any doctor '.
Present Subjunctive : da: bo: xi, ' good-bye ' ; le bznnag 9 bo:,
* wherever it may be ' ; be:6 bmnag bo: vo, ' whatever it may be ' ;
(///) bo:y6 y bo: vo!, 'may he be warm' (a curse); so, bo:y6 9 bo: xti / ;
7Uii:_y6 be vo (vo:}, hidjux be vo (vo:), ' never mind ' ; vel bo: r la:u
MI luifad s kro:yn, ' so that the hand may be touching the skin ' ;
linjo r gwadan vel bo: r tro:yd (prov.), ' to cut one's coat according
to one's cloth ' ; dikka bo: r Keiljog kmta 3 ka:n (prov.), ' the more
angry a cock is the sooner he will crow ' (said of people who sing
to hide their anger) ; kyro r heyarn tra bafto vo m bo:yB, ' to strike
the iron while it is hot ' ; voQo ra:s i ti, mi 'vy:osti n hi:r ! , ' good
gracious ! what a time you've been ! ' ; voBo ra:s i ti! le: r u:ti wedi
bo:d P, ' good gracious ! where have you been ? '
Imperfect Subjunctive : vasa r ketujon dim haus uB gad krsstyn
oni ba:y vo:d zr ja:r m i valy vo n bigon ma:n yftynu, ' it would be
bo:d 47
no use for the chickens to get a crust of bread unless the hen made
it small enough for them ' ; mi 'vasaxi n •ayhovjo x pen 0™ ba: i
vo:d an s0und 'mo\i, 'you would forget your head if it wasn't
fastened to your shoulders ' ; — in conditional sense (= foSun, basun),
am na baun i n medry, ' because I should not be able ' ; — in con-
ditional clauses, S. i. faun, 2. ta:t, 3. ta:y, /#(:), da(:). PL i. ta:n,
2. fa.'X, 3- ta:n, more rarely />£ baun, etc., e.g. mi gasgax ta drolja n
mynd'drostaxi, 'you would sleep if carts were running over you'; wa:Q
gin i ta:ti heb rieyd o am draguyftoldab a durnod dros ben, ' I shouldn't
care if you did not do it for ever and a day ' ; ta (htyiy n rubaQ,
ta ny riu ods, ta vattar am hmny, ta wayB (am hmny], * for the
matter of that, if that be anything ' ; mi a: i fa hi m burn he:n
wragad a fyn, ' I'll go though it be raining cats and dogs '. Cf.
also the expressions faun i by 6 (vyff] o r -van ma ! (asseveration),
' so may I never move from this spot ! ' ; also as exclamation, ' upon
my word ! ', etc. — So also taun i maru /, faun i lugy !
Use of the infinitive : ( i) to express the English ' that ' : bo:d =
'that ... is (was)'; bo:d (na), 'that there is (was)'. — With pronouns,
S. i. mo:d i, ' that I am ', 2. vo: ti, 3. vo:d o, bo:d o ; bo:t i. PI. i.
bo:d ni, 2. bo: x*> 3- bo:d nu. Examples : o.ys. na:g o:ys, wi:r.
r ddu i n deyd bo:d, ' There are '. ' No there are not, indeed '„
' I say there are ' • ma: n 8a: gin i bo xi n wel, ' I am glad you
are better ' ; r on i n mebul bo:f i am la:u, ' I thought it was going
to rain ' ; r on in me§ul bo:d na lawar o vara ar 3 bur§. So also
with (v) ela, hurax, ' perhaps ' ; ond, ' but that, only ' ; pitti, ' it is
a pity ' ; (v) zla vo:d o n 9 fy:, •' perhaps he is in the house ' ; ela
wi:r mai ddna be sy:, ond bod ni dim zy gubod, ' perhaps that is what
it is, only that we don't know ' ; pitti bo:f i mor d0wyl, ' it is a pity
it is so dark '. — With oni bo:, oni bay, for examples see above. —
With prepositions, to express conjunctions : am i vo:d (am vo:d o),
gan i vo:d (gan vo:d o], ' because he is (was) ' ; rhag i vo:d, ' for
fear that he be ' ; rhag bo:d, ' for fear that ' ; / o.ys dim mo:d i ubod
gan bo:t i wedi deyid, ( there are no means of telling as she has
got away '. (2) The infinitive preceded by i is used in a variety
of senses which do not correspond with the Eng. ' to be ', e. g. vel
na may o i vo:d, ' that's how it should be ' ; ma na saiO i vo:d,
' there ought to be seven ' (Anglo-Welsh, ' there are seven to be ') ;
may hi i vo:d m wasfad, * it is supposed to be level ' (but is e. g.
warped) ; dayos i hy:n m yux nag zdi i vo:d, ' to make oneself out
to be above one's station ' ; / o:d merxaid dim i vo:d mo, ' women
were not supposed to be there '.
The verb bo:d is also used in the sense of ' to live, to exist ',
e. g. tr» &y:8 i vammo, * while his mother is alive ' ; darvod a bo:d
' to be over ', e. g. of a flower ; r o:d o "m 'bo:d, ' it did exist ' (but
does no longer), e. g. a word now obsolete ; du i dim zy kredy vod
o wedi bo:d, ( I don't believe he ever existed ' ; dim dy kredy bod dyu
meun bo:d, ' not believing in the existence of God '.
48 bo dan — boks
bodan, s.f., cyffoden (?), D., ' sweetheart ' : puy di da vodan ru:an /,
' who is your sweetheart now ? '
bodjo, v., bodio, S.E.* (i) 'to thumb, to knead with the finger
and thumb', e.g. putty; 'to play with something with the finger
and thumb '. (2) ' to be slow in work ' (J.J.).
bodlemma, v., cf. bedlema, M.F., Eng. bedlam, ' to wander aim-
lessly' : lc: 'ly:osti m bodlemma ? (O.H.).
bodkmman, s.f., term of reproach applied to a woman who
wanders aimlessly : he:n vodlemman vydyr (O.H.).
bodlon, adj., boddlawn, corrupte bodlon, D., but bodlon in D.G.
Ixxxviii. 28; D.F. 49. 7; D.P.O. 28. 34; P.G.G. 74. 2, etc.
(i) ' content ' : may o n vodlon ar 9 pe:B sy gmo vo, ' he is content
with what he has'. (2) 'easy-going' — often in a bad sense; — (of
horses), ' quiet ' : a Kefyl muya bodlon welis i rvo:yd (dim kast mo
vo), O.H.
bodloni, v., bodloni, D., s.v. ' satisfacio '. (i) ' to please, content ' :
may n a nob j aim i modloni hevo bti:yd, ' it is difficult to please me as
regards food'. (2) ' to come to an agreement', e.g. after a dispute.
bodlonruyb, s.m., bodlonrwydd, D., s.v. ' aequanimitas ' ; ' con-
tentment '.
bodyn, s.m.. bodyn (dim. of baud) in bodyn 9 ??ilinyb, ' bib, pout,
whiting-pout ' (Gadus luscus).
bo:d vg y:n, bod yg un, T.N. 116. 19, 'every one' : ma: nu wedi
mynd bo:d zg y:n.
Z>o:d, s., bodd, D., 'delight, pleasure' : u6 i 7Jo:8, u9 vo:8 i gal_on,
' to his heart's delight ' ; may hi u6 i bo:b hevo i 6aid ' it is her
heart's delight to be with her grandfather '.
bofa\ v., boddi, D. Pret. PI. 3. boftson ; ' to drown, to be
drowned ' : r o.yd 3 ley ad wedi bobinieun du:r, yygorvad ar i ho\or —
vel ku:x, ' the moon was drowned in water, lying on its side — like
a boat' (J.J.); bobi 2 mtinyft, 'to drown the miller', 'to put too
much water in the flour and so make it too wet to knead ' ; 6odi
kneya, ' feast after carrying hay or corn '.
boftran, &o8ro, v., Eng. bother ; f to talk nonsense ' : paid a
bobran —paid a berwi da ben, klebran, sunjan (E.J.).
bogal, s.m., pi. bogeilja, bogail, D., ' navel '.
boi, s.m., pi. boisy ( boy ' : be Sydob zr he:n voi, ' what did the old
chap say '.
boks, s.m., pi. boksys, ' box ' : mynd i r boks, " to kick the
bucket ".
bokfad — bo:n 49
bokfad, s.m., pi. bokfeidja, bocsiad, T.N. 99. i, 'boxful'.
bo:x, s.f., pi. bo\a, boch, D., ' cheek ' : leysy boxa, ( to look surly,
sulky ' (W.H.).
i adj., bochgoch, S.E., ' red-cheeked '.
v., bochio, S.E. (i) 'to bulge ' : may r wal 3n boxjo ahm,
' the wall is bulging '. (2) ' to eat in a noisy way, working- the food
from one cheek to the other ' : may r moxyn 9m boxjo bytta. — Also
trans, boxjo bara.
boxlas, adj., bochlaes, S.E. (i) 'flabby-cheeked' (W.H.). (2)
' sulky-looking ' (I.W.).
bol, s.m., pi. bolja, bol, D., ' belly ' : tommar lond d9 vol, ' take
your fill ' ; magy bol, ' to grow a protruding stomach ' ; may hunna
wedi ka:yl gormod m i vol, ' that fellow has had a drop too much ' ;
Kin duhid a bol byux, ' pitch dark ' ; ka:yl lond i zW(fig.), ' to get his
full deserts ' ; a i bgad 3n vn:y na i vol, said of one who helps him-
self to more than he can eat; rhoid rubaB ar i vol (= m i flat},
* to lay something flat ' ; bol gr aim, ' hard roe ' ; bol laid, ' soft roe '.
bolgij s.m., bolgi, S.E., 'glutton': r he:n volgi fodral.
boljad, s., pi. boleidja, bolaid, D.G. cxlvi. 31, 'bellyful': boljad
Ki: beriQ dridja (prov. exp.), ' a dog's fill lasts three days '.
boljog, adj., boliog, D., s.v. ' ventriosus ' ; 'big-bellied, bulging'.
bo'lol, s.m., bolol, S.E., 'bogy': may o vela bo'lol, 'he is the
very devil ' ; may hi n d0w)'l vcl 9 bo'lol, may hi vel bo'lol o d0wyl,
' it is pitch dark ' ; may r bo'lol m i gor§i o, ' the devil is in him '.
bombran, s.m., bonbren, S.E. (i) ' double-tree, the wooden bar
to which the traces are attached in ploughing with two horses, and
which is itself fastened by a chain at each end to the centre of each
timbran or single-tree '. (2) ' any piece of wood about the length
of the above': bombran pren (O.H.), 'a wooden post'. O.H.
also applies this word to the thatcher's instrument called ' aseth '
by O.P., "a sharp-pointed spar to fasten thatch ". (3) applied to
persons, ' a good-for-nothing fellow ' (O.H.).
bom, s.m., pi. dona, bonjon, bon, D., * the base of anything', 'the
base of a tree — strictly speaking, the part between the roots and the
stem ' : os nafljgi i r bri:g, rhaid i ii blegy i r bo:n (prov.), ' if you
do not bend to the branch (i. e. the birch rod) you will have to bend
to the stem ' (i. e. ? the gallows tree — supposed to be the stem of a
birch, I.W.) ; bo:n brayx, ' the upper part of the arm'; bo:n 9 gumfon,
1 the root of the tail ' ; bonjon zr y:d, ' stubble ' ; bonjon (danna8),
' stumps (of teeth) ' ; bona r bdsa§, ' the base of the fingers (toes) ' ;
bo:n 9 gly:st (cf. B.H. 135. 39), 'the roots of the ear' : taro ar vo:n
9 gly:st, ( to strike on the ear ' (cf. boyklysf] • bo:n 9 gwadt, ' the
1432 E
50 bonat — bo:6
roots of the hair'; tori gwry:x (klauti) m 3 bo:n, 'to cut down
a hedge so as to let it grow again ' ; kodi bona (in slate quarries),
' to level a gallery and facilitate working at the further end of
a bargain ' (gwastatau y bongc a gwneyd y lie yn fwy parod erbyn
mynd i'r pen, y rhan uchaf o'r fargain, J.J.). — 3n 3 bo:n is used
figuratively for ' at bottom ' : ma: n reit da: gin i o 3n 3 bo:n, ' I like
him very much at bottom '.
bonat, s.f., pi. bonetti, ' bonnet ' : bonat klut, bonat hud, ' sun-
bonnet '.
bondeu, adj., bondew, S.E., ' thick at the base ', e. g. of the arms.
b ond i grsfad = na bo ond ei grybwyll, G.O. i. 9. 6, 'forsooth'.
bondo, s.f., bondo, D., ' eaves ' (I.W.).
bondog, s.m., Eng. bond-dog. Cf. N.E.D., s.v. ' bandog ' ; 'a
surly fellow ' (I.W.).
bority, bonddu, S.E., in the exp. ko:x bonfty ; ko:x vonfty (O.H.),
a fishing-fly sometimes called ' Marlow buzz '.
bonyn, s.m., bonyn, D.. s.v. ' trunculus ' ; ' stump ' : bonyn kqydan,
1 the stump of a tree '.
boyklyst, s.f., bonclust, D., 'a box on the ears'.
boykyf, s.m., boncyff, D., s.v. 'stipes'; 'a log to put on the
fire'(O.H.).
bora, s.m., pi. breya, bore, D., ' morning ' : bora da:, ' good
morning ' ; bora vory, ' to-morrow morning ' ; o vora dan no:s,
o vora gwyn dan no:s, ' from morning till night ' ; bora gla:s,
' dawn ' ; ben 3 bora, bora kynla, ' the first thing in the morning ' ;
bem bora drannoB, ' the first thing next day ' ; kodi xwe'X 9 bora,
' to get up at six in the morning '. Fig. 3m mora i o:ys, ' in his
young days '.
bora, adj., comp. breyax, bore, D., s.v. ' mane ' ; ' early ' : kodi n
vora, ' to get up early '. Cf. hnnar.
bordor, s.f., bordyr, W.S. ; bordr, W.LI. Ixxii. 52, 'border;
flower-bed' (O.H.).
bos, s., 'stomach of birds; belly': hel 3n i vos, 'to eat
greedily ' (I.W.).
bostjo, v., Eng. (Dial.), bost, ' to burst ' (O.H.) ; cf. C.F., 1889, 678.
36 : dgest a bostjo gin xwerBin.
bostun, s.m., Eng. apostume ; bystwn, D., 'whitlow'.
bottum, s.m., pi. b3tdma, bwtwm, L.A. 95. 14; W.S.; bottwm,
D.; M.E. botoun; 'button': be daxi y kalyn hunna ? t sdi o dim
gwerB kap bottum. Cf. bottum korn \korri\.
bo:B, s.f., pi. boBa, both, D., ' nave of a wheel ' : bo:n 3 vo:B, ' the
side of the nave towards the axle '.
b0ujog — bra:n 5 r
bmjog, adj., bywiog, D. ; cf. bowiawg, G.R. 58. 10, ' lively'.
b0ulyd, adj., bawlyd, D., bowlyd, s.v. ' cacatus ' ; ' mean '.
b0und, adj., ' bound ' in sense of bound to do a thing, etc. :
may hi m benind o hono vo, os &y:8 o gumpas, 'she is bound to catch
it (i. e. an illness) if it is about '.
b0wyd, s.m., pi. bdwdda, bywyd, D., ' life ' : / o:ys na dim ?na:Q
0 verwyd mo vo, ' there's not a spark of life in him ' ; laivyd m
1 bgad, ' life, animation in his eye ' ; kovja am d9 v0wyd, ' mind you
remember ' ; merwyd i !, exclamation of surprise.
bra:d, s.m., brad, D., ' treachery ' : neid o dim bra:d i ne:l ; — bra:d
p0udur, 'Gunpowder Plot' (J.J.).
bradur, s.m., pi. bradurs, bradwr, D., 'traitor'.
bradzxy, v., bradychu, D., 'to betray '.
bra:g, s.m., brag, D., ' malt'.
bragur, s.m., bragwr, T.N. 17. 39, 'maltster'.
bragy, v., bragu, S.E. (i) * to make malt'. (2) formerly used
in the sense of 'to sprout' (= egino] in speaking of corn (J.J.).
braid, adv., braidd, D. (i) ' rather, somewhat ' : may n mynd m
o: o:yr. zdi, braid, ' it's getting a bit cold '. ' It is, rather ' ; mi vy:d na
i braid ovn gwarQag, ' I am rather afraid of cattle ' ; da\i wedi ka:yl
annuyd? do:, braid, 'have you caught cold?' 'Yes, a little'.
(2) ' almost ' : braid 9 mhen dra:u r by:d, ' almost at the end of
the world '.
bramt, s,f., pi. breintja, braint, D., 'privilege' : xw i mo r vraint,
1 1 never had the privilege '.
brak, adj., brae, C.L.C. ii. 20. 5, T.N. 133. 25, 'loose': ti:r
Irak, Moose, soft, broken land' (= ti:r rhy:b — heb gledy, opp.
to ti:r trum, kletog, tyn, J.J.); dy:n brak i davod, said of a man
who cannot keep a secret ; may o n m brak i davod, dydt'0 o bo:b
pe:6, ' he is always wagging his tongue : he will tell everything '
(O.H.).
brakty, s.m., bragdy, S.E., ' malt-house '.
bran, s., bran, S.E., ' bran ' = eisin.
bra:n, s.f., pi. brain, bran, D., ' crow, rook ' : may r brain dy
gwe'idi, ' the crows are cawing ' ; Kin §y:ad a r vra:n, ' as black as
a crow ' ; mi nabun o dm mhi:g 9 vra:n, ' I should know him any-
where'; riu vra:n djy: deydod uBa /', 'a little bird told me'.
bra:n dzfyn, 'carrion crow' (Corvus corone). If one settles
down on a farm it is supposed to bring good luck. Cf. W.M.M.
s.v. ' bran-diddyn ' ; bugan brain, ' scarecrow ' ; pyppys brain
\pyppys\ ; kravayk d vra:n} ' crow's foot ' (Ranunculus bulbosus).
£ 2
5 2 branar — braQy
(2) 'contrivance for raising the body of a cart' : rhoi r drol ar i
bra:n (i xpdi hi ar i 6i:n).
branar, s., braenar, D. ; branar, L.G.C. 61 [45]. (i) 'fallow-
ground ' : branar ha:, ' land ploughed in the winter and left
fallow '. (2) l a kind of disease in cattle which makes them eat
clothes, said to be caused by eating a certain herb ' : ma: branar
ar d gwarBag. Cf. M.F. s.v. ' branar '.
dra:s, adj., pi. breif'on, bras, D. (i) ' fat ' : Ki:g bra:s, ' fat meat '
(not often used = Ki:g gwyn). (2) ' rich ' (in speaking of land) : ti:r
bra:s — ti:r ner&ol, kry:; — may na le: bra:s dmma. (3) ' big ' : peOa
bra:s, ' big lumps ' (speaking e. g. of coal) ; fola bra:s, ' large holes '
(e. g. in a riddle) ; breif'on 9 sgri:n, ' the larger stones which will
not pass through a screen or standing riddle ' ; lyvr bra:s, wedi
brintjo n vra:s, ' a book with big print '. (4) ' coarse ' : breQyn,
barklod, li:an bra:s, ' coarse cloth, apron, table-cloth '. Fig. farad
m vra:s, ' to use coarse, vulgar, unseemly, insulting language ' —
riu hc:n eirja fi:a§, brzntjon, — 'dirraty'o pobol, sar hay, —farad 9n
8ru:g, m isal (O.H.).
brasbuyQ, s., brasbwyth, S.E., lit. ' a coarse stitch ', in the phrase
du i bim ond am roid riu hzrbuyd a brasbuyQ dno vo, ' I am only
going to put a few stitches in it '.
brasgammy, v., brasgamu, S.E., ' to stride : dy:ar annul ! ma:y
o m brasgammy n aru /, ' good gracious ! how he strides along ! '
•bra:s'holti, v. (in slate quarries), ' to rough-split '.
•bra:yhollur, s.m. (in slate quarries), ' a rough-splitter '.
Irasolt, adj. (in slate quarries) : fy:n brasoU, ' a chisel for rough-
splitting '.
brastar, s.m., brasder, i Sam. xv. 22, 'fat', e.g. of meat or on
broth.
brasterog ; blasterog (E.J.), adj., brasderog, S.E., 'fat '.
brastod, s., brasdod, ' coarse, unseemly language ' : farad brastod
(O.H.), cf. above/arad m vra:s.
brat, s.m., pi. bratja, bratt, D. ; Eng. (Dial.) brat, (i) ' rag' (not
in common use ; for example see breniii). (2) 'pinafore'.
bradgi, s.mv brathgi. S.E., 'a surly, irascible fellow': ta:u r he:n
vradgi djaul f (Q.lrl.}.
braQjad, s.m., brathiad, D., s.v. ' morsus ' ; ' bite ', e.g. of a dog ;
also ' nibble ' (in fishing).
bradog, adj., brathog, G.O. ii. 189. 30, 'given to biting': tdnnyla:u
hyd gi: bradog (prov. exp.), 'to stroke, wheedle a dog given to biting'.
braQy, v., brathu, D. (i) ' to bite ' : Ki: braQy o:yb o, dy kmar6
ar wynab paub 'he was a biting dog who barked at every one ' ;
bra:u — breibjur 53
paid a braOy r bensal, ' don't bite the pencil '. (2) ' to nip off a
piece of flesh in shearing '. Cf. pigo, pegjo. (3) braBy i ben tru:
r dru:s, 'to pop one's head in at the door'. Cf. D.F. [29] 28,
[91] 19; G.R. 35. 6.
bra:u, s.m., braw, D., s.v. 'terror'; 'terror, fright': mi ge:s i
vra:u garu, ' I had a terrible fright ' ; pobol meun bra:u, ar 3 bra:u,
' people in terror '.
brand, s.m., pi. brodyr, brawd, D., ' brother '.
bra:v, adj., comp. bravjax, braf, C.L.C. ii. 9. i. (i) 'fine
(especially of the weather), nice, pleasant '. — Does not mutate.
may (hi] m bra:v h'e'iSju. zdi wi:r, may m bra:v jaun, ' it's a fine
day/ ' Yes, indeed, it is very fine ' ; may hi m bravjax m d ty:,
' it is better, pleasanter in the house ' ; le: bra:v jaun i ista ddi wima,
' this is a nice place to sit ' ; ta:n bra:v, 'a nice fire ' ; may m bra:v
arno vo /, ' he has a fine time of it ! ' ; may gwaiQ 9m be:B bra:v jaun,
1 work is a fine thing ' ; u:tiny:n bra:v /, ' you're a nice specimen ! '
(2) 'fine ' (in appearance, in person) : he:n wreigan bra:v, ' a fine
old woman '.
bray, adj., brau, D., 'brittle, tender': may o n vray vel Ki:g Kiu,
' it is as tender as chicken ' (opp. gwydyn).
brayx, s.f., pi. breixja, braich, D., ' arm ' : bo:n brayx-, ' the upper
part of the arm ' ; brayx trol, ' shaft of a cart ' ( = lorp) ; bray\ *
mrayx, dm mreixja i gi'tt'8, ' arm in arm ' ; rhaid i r vrayx weiQjo o
r gesal, ' the whole arm must be in motion ' (i. e. hard at work) ;
hnnig ar hy:d brayx, ' to offer something with the hope that it will
not be accepted ' ; breixja 9r em, en, etc. (J.J.), ' the up-strokes of an
" m ", " n ", etc/
brftwidjo, v., breuddwydio, D., ' to dream '.
brebog, s.f., ' a foolish, prattling woman ' : ta:u 3 vrebog wirjon
(]•:•)•
brebuL s.m., brebwl, C.L.C. ii. 21. 9; T.N. 128. 10; Eng.
brabble, ' to wrangle ' ; ' a foolish, prattling man ' (J.J.).
bregljax, v., ' to jabber ' : paid a bregljax ar hy:d 9 bedlan, * don't
keep jabbering all the time ' ; riu he:n vregljaxfarad.
bregljax, s., ' jabbering '.
breib, s., breib, W.S., 'bribe '.
breibjo, v., bribio, W.S. (i) ' to bribe '. (2) ' to deal in an under-
hand manner (telling tales, etc.) for the sake of gain '. (For the
latter sense cf. C.C. 14. 17, Mae'r ffeiriaid yn loytran, mae'r
barnwyr yn bribian).
breibjur, s.m., bribiwr, W.S. ; plbreibwyr, B.C. 19. n. (i) 'one
who bribes '. (2) ' an informer ' = dy:n dy karjo (telling tales) agm
deyd 'an'wiraS am gad peB (O.H.).
54 brekfti — breQyn
brekfti, s., brecci, D., ' cervlsiae liquor incoctus ' : in phrases ar
i vrekKi, meun breklti, ' on the spree ' (O.K.).
brehivast, s.m., brecfTast, C.C. 8. 22; brecwest, T.N. 12.33;
cf. Eng. (Dial.) breckwist, Irel. Nhb. ; brickwast, Nhb. ; ' breakfast '.
brekwesta, v., 'to breakfast '.
bre:x, s.f., y frech, D. : y vre:x go:x, ' measles ' ; d vre:x wen,
' smallpox ' ; bre:x drje'ir, ' chicken-pox '.
brextan, s.f., brechdan, D., ' a piece of bread and butter ' ; brextan
dgam, ' a piece of bread and jam ' ; brextan dena vel deilan, ' a piece
of bread and butter as thin as a leaf; brextan vaud, ' a piece of
bread on which the butter is spread with the thumb ' ; klemman,
taval, k ton tan, Jduf o vreyjan, 'a big piece of bread and butter';
brextan i aros pry:d, ' a piece of bread and butter to go on with till
the next meal ' ; — also fig. brextan i aros pry:d ddi honna, ' he is
only flirting with her '.
brelt, s.pl.j sing, bralan, briallu, D., ( primroses ' (Primula
vulgaris).
brmhinas, s.f., pi. breninesa, brenhines, D., s.v. ' regina ' ; 'queen'.
brenin, s.m., pi. brenhinob, brenhin, D., ' king ' : ma: r durnod
wedi mynd i r brenin, ' the day has gone imperceptibly without
getting anything done ' ; so also mi 'roisoxi $o:y i r brenin ;
brenin maur !, excl. of surprise ; brenin 3 bratja a i dra:yd tru i
sanna !, excl.
brenf'a^ in the exp. brenf'ax annul !, excl. of surprise. Also
brenf'un.
brcst, s.f., pi. brcstja, brest, I.D. xxxvi. 31 ; C.C.M. 80. 15 ; C.C.
150. 10 ; 432. 1 6 ; ' breast, chest ' (of human beings or animals) :
prsgeBy^ gwe-§i:o o r vrest, ' to preach, pray extempore ' ; gwasga
d^ vrest, ' do not say a word ' ; — as applied to land, c a slope ' =
bresijo, v., Eng. (Dial.) breast, brestjo gwry:x is sometimes used
for tokjo gwry:x, 'to clip a hedge' (J.J.) ; but O.H. has brestjo
klaub tu:yrx-, ' to renew a hedge-bank with fresh sods '.
bresyxt s.pl., bresych, D., ( charlock ' (Brassica Sinapis, etc.).
bresys, s.pl., sing, bresan, ' braces '.
brettyn, s.m. (dim. otbraf), pi. bratja, brettyn, D., s.v. ' pittacium '.
(i) ' rag ' (not in common use = raksan) : t ddi o dim ond poiri ar
i vrettyn i hy:n (O.H.), * he is only fouling his own nest '. (2) said
of some one who has become weak through illness, etc. : dy:n
wedi mynd m he:n vrettyn, wedi darvod m y:n brettyn (O.H.). (3)
in moral sense ' a fellow without backbone ' = dy:n a dim fru:t
znovo, dim nerd, dim zsbryd ; dy:n 'dirv0wyd (E.J.).
breQyn, s.m., pi. breBma, brethyn, D., ' cloth ' : breOyn kartra,
' homespun '.
brevy — brits 55
brevy, v., brefu, D., ' to bleat, to low ' (of sheep or cattle) ; also
applied to children crying (O.H.).
breybuyd, s.m., pi. brbwidjon, breuddwyd, D., 'dream '.
breyo, v., breuo, S.E., ' to become brittle or tender ; to become
rotten (of clothes) ' : ma:r Ki:g 3m breyo ; trvusys wedi breyo — m da:
i dim ond i vynd i r potjur (O.H.)
bri:, s.m., bri, D., ' esteem, reputation ' : r 0:8 o meun bri: r amsar
honno ; — meun bri: maur ; — koli i vri:, ' to lose one's character ' ;
hel bri:, ' to call witnesses to testify as to one's character'; hel bri:
9 nail 9 lal = hel beia, ' to find fault with one another '.
o o o
bri:d, s.m., ' breed ' (T.N. 88. 3) : may Kiu o r bri:d (p vri:d) m
wel nafrentis, proverb implying that one who follows the calling of
his father is better than an apprentice.
bri:g, s.m., brig, D. (r) 'top (especially of trees); topmost
branches ; tops (in the aggregate) ' : ma: r plant dn drino i vri:g 3
goydan, ' the children are climbing to the top of the tree ' ; bri:g
ta:s, ' the top of a haystack ' ( = &ri:b, pen) ; also the tops or ears
of corn : 9 sgyba ar i penna bri:g 9 mri:g ; rhoid 3 sgyba a i bri:g i
vjaun ; — ' the tops of waves ' : r o:d 3 mo:r dn vri:g gwyn (O.H.).
Cf. brigun. (2) ' twigs ' : dail ar 3 bn:g.
briga, s.pl. (i) sing, brigan, 'branches': du:y vrigan vaur
vaur (O.H.) ; / o:ys na dim digon o wynt i dsguyd 9 briga, ' there is
not enough wind to move the branches '. (2) dim., sing. brigin>
brigyn, D., ' twigs ' : bvny hevo drain a briga bedu, ' to harrow with
thorns and birch twigs ' ; r o.yd briga r ko:yd 3m baxy 'arnoni^
' the twigs used to catch in our clothes '.
brigo, v., barugo, C.C.M. 49. 32, 'to freeze ', but only applied to
hoar-frost, such as may come in a night and disappear with the
first rays of the sun (cf. r/iewi) : may nfu:r o rtwi axos bo:t i wedi
brigo n aru, ' it is sure to freeze because there is a heavy hoar-frost '.
brigog, adj., brigog, D. (i) 'branchy, spreading' (of trees).
(2) of corn, ' rich in grain ' =fruy6lon (J.J.). Cf. kribog (Cor wen)
same sense.
brigun, s.m., brigwyn, ' white water on a rough sea ' : brigun
gwyn (O.H.).
brikbyst, s.pl., ' horizontal poles at the top of scaffolding, secured
in the wall and to the perpendicular poles ' (O.K.).
briks, s.pl., sing, briksan, f. brics, D.G. xxxii. 32, ' bricks'.
brisin, s.m., ' breeze ' = awal farp ar vo:r ne lyn (J. J.).
brits, britf, s.f., ' the figure of Britannia on the reverse side of
copper coins ' ; only used in phrases connected with tossing coins :
56 bri:6 — brivo
p r yn ta Kiy ta brits ? (O.H.), ' heads or tails ' ; so, p r yn ta du:y
giy ta du:y brits ? (O.H.).
bri:6, adj., brith, D., ' speckled, variegated ' : byux vri:Q, ' black
and white, red and white cow, etc/, pi. gwarBag briBjon;—bara
bri:B, ford vri:B, ' currant bread, currant loaf ' ; r o:d 3 mo:r an vri:6
o go:yd (O.H.), ' the sea was dotted with pieces of wood ' (i.e. after
a wreck).
bri&&ig) s.m., brith-gig, T.N. 59. 22, 'streaked bacon, meat ',
etc., i.e. lean and fat in alternate layers.
briBgo, s., cf. brith gof, M.F., ' a dim recollection ' : may gin i
vriOgo am dano (J.J.).
briBil, s.m., pi. briBil and briBi'l/aid, brithyll, D., ' trout ' (Salmo
fario) : briBil 9 mo:r, ' salmon trout' (Salmo trutta); briBil mair,
'five-bearded rockling' (Motella mustela).
briBo, v., britho, D., ' to speckle ' : r 0:8 i wa:lt wedi briBo, ' his
hair had become speckled with grey ' ; — in making butter : may o n
dexra briBo, ' the butter is beginning to come ' (in minute particles ) ;
—in met. sense : ma nu 3n briBo r wla:d, ' the country is dotted
with them '.
briBwyn, adj., brithwyn, S.E.*, 'of white and another colour':
Lynx vriBwyn.
Iriu, s.m., pi. briuja, briw, D., ' a wound ' : truf'o, mendjo briuja,
' to heal wounds ' j r o:$ gin i vrin 9n hirax na hmny, ' I had a
wound longer than that ' ; ma.y lo:sg eira weiBja n tori n vriuja,
' chilblains sometimes break out into wounds ' ; dan i vriuja,
' wounded '.
briuljo, v., brwylio, W.S.; C.C. 180. 14; 469. 4; briwlio,
B.C. 90. 2i,Eng. broil, 'to cook, toast before a fire', e.g. bread,
potatoes, fish, etc.
brius, s.m., Eng. brew-house; 'back-kitchen' = Ktgin gevn,
ttegin ba:%.
briusin, s.m., briwsyn, S.E., ' a crumb, small piece ' : d0ru\ i mi
vriusin ba:x o vara.
briuf'on, s.pl., sing, briufonyn, briwsion, D., 'crumbs': helux 3
briuf'on o:d ar 3 laur, ' get the crumbs up off the floor '.
briufom, v., briwsioni, D., s.v. 'affrio', 'to crumble (trans, and
intr.) of bread ', etc. : paid a briufoni 3 dor 6 ; rhaid i xi dlino r dorB
dn wcl 3 tro: nesa rhag idi vriufoni.
briufonjyd, adj., briwsionllyd, S.E., ' crumbly '.
brivo, v., briwo, D., 'to hurt, to be hurt, to hurt oneself: may
o wedi brivo, ' he has hurt himself ' \rnay o wedi vrivo = ' he has
been hurl ' is also used] ; may r hu:x wedi vrivo vo, ' the sow has
briwar — bru:as 57
hurt him ' ; mi vrivi di hevo rhei n, 'you will hurt yourself with
those ' ; fy:d tavoda paub 9m brivo, ' they will all have sore tongues ' ;
— also in a restricted sense, ' to rupture oneself : may o wedi brivo
= may o wedi tori i leygid.
briwar, s.m., bruwer, W.S., * brewer '.
bro:, s.f., pi. brovyb, bro, D., 'neighbourhood, district' (not
common) : i vro: enedigol, ' his native district '.
brodjo, v., brodio, D. ; D.G. xlvii. 50 ; brodrio, W.S. [Brauder],
' to darn ' : brodjo sanna hevo ndduy Sy:r sanna, l to darn stockings
with a darning needle '.
brok, adj., broc, S.E., 'grey (with a tinge of red)', only in Hefyl
brok.
bro:x, s., broch, D., ' foam ' : 9 du:r m troi m vro:\ (J.J.) ; — ap-
plied to persons of a rough, uncouth nature : he:n vro:x o rubaB
ddi o (O.K.).
broxi, v., brochi, D., 'to be angry, to bluster, chafe'.
broxlyd, adj., 'in a bad humour ' (O.H.).
brol, s.f., brol, G.O. ii. 206. 21, ' a boast ' : he:n vrol vaur.
broljo ; blorjo (E.J.), brolio, R. ; Eng. brawl, 'to flatter, praise,
speak well of : broljo ru:in, ' to praise some one' ; broljo i hy:n,
' to boast '.
broljur, s.m., broliwr, R., ' boaster, braggart '.
brolog, s., Eng. prologue (from the old interludes), I.W., ' non-
sense ' — lolt e. g. rtu he:n brolog, but never used now (O.H.). Cf.
C.F. 1880, p. 331.
bron, s.f., pi. bronna, bron, D., ' breast ' : bron teytys, ' bronchitis '.
bron, adv., bron, S.E. « almost ' : r o:d o bron a UBy dano vo, ' he
was almost sinking under it'; torB bron ivedi darvod, ' a loaf almost
finished ' ; byux bron lo:, ' a cow about to calve '.
bronwan, s.f., pi. bronwennod, bronwen, D., ' weasel '.
bronwaQ, adj., bronfraith, D., deryn bronwaQ, ' thrush ', pi. adar
bronwaB ; Keiljog bronwa6,ja:r vronzvaB.
br0un, adj., ' brown ', in bara br#un, etc. Also as substantive, a
kind of bird (sp. ?) I.W.
bru:as, s.m., brwes, W.S. ; browes, W.LI. (Voc.), s.v. ' micas ' ;
brywes, B.C. 74. 17; Eng. brewes, browes, ' broth ' =fru:yQ fti:g
bra:s berwedig ; — ka:l i vy: s meun bru:as paub, rhoi i vy:s an 9 bru:as,
' to have one's finger in every pie ', ' to meddle with other people's
business ' ; bru:as menyn, made by crumbling bread into a teacup,
adding a lump of butter, and pouring boiling water over it (E.J.);
bru:as ffeirx, made by grinding oat-cake small, adding dripping,
and pouring boiling water over it (E.J.); bru:as 3 bi:g, bru:as
pi:g 3 tekKal, ' boiling water poured over bread and a little gweran
byppyr added '.
58 bru:d — bry:s
bru:d, adj., brwd, D., s.v. ' fervens ' : bar a bru:d, ' hot bread
just out of the oven '.
bruinjad, s., pi. bruinjaid^ brwyniad, D., 'smelt' (Osmerus
eperlanus).
bruxan, s.m., ? D. bruchen, ' scatebra, scaturigo ', cf. S.E., s.v.
brychen, { foam, froth ' : kodi ny:n bruxan, ' to rise in one mass
of froth ' (I.W.).
brumstan, s., brwmstan, D.; Eng. brumstone (i4th-i5th cent.);
Mod. Sc. brumstane ; s.v. ' sulphur ', ' brimstone, sulphur '.
brunt, adj., fern, bront, pi. brmtjon, comp. brmtax, brwnt, D.,
s.v. ' sordidus ' ; ' cross, unkind, surly ', opp. to feind : may o n
edrax in vrunt, ' he looks cross, surly ' ; ma: nu wedi bo:d m vrunt
•u6axi> ' they have been unkind to you ' ; geirja brmtjon, ' cross
words ' ; r o:n i n tVimlo n vilan vruni (O.H.), ' I felt wild with
anger '.
brus, bruf, s.m., pi. brusis, brufis, brwis, W.S., 'brush': boys
brus, ' the handle of a brush ' ; brus laur, ' a floor brush (with a
long handle) ' ; brus dannad, dilad, gwa:lt, gwmad, paynt, ivitwaj
(xweitwaf), ' tooth, clothes, hair, nail, paint, whitewashing brush '.
bruf'o, v., ' to brush ' : neuxi vruf'o x ko:t Kin mynd alan, ma na
rubaO wedi elun arno vo, ' will you brush your coat before you go
out, there is something spilt on it '.
bruydyr, s.f., brwrydr, D., * battle ' (semi-literary).
bru:yn, s.pl., sing, bruynan, brwyn, D., ' rushes ' : kannuyl vru:yn,
1 rushlight '.
bry:d, s., bryd, D., ' mind ' in rhoi i vry:d ar, ' to set one's
mind upon '.
bry:d) adv., pa bryd, ' when ? ' : bry.d d0uxi n x o:l?, ' when will
you come back ? ' ; bry:d vasa n ora i mi odro ?, ' when had I better
do the milking ? ' — also pry:d.
bry:x, adj., fern. bre:x, brych, D., ' brindled ' : 9 vry:x vyxas (byxas)
— sigil di:n 9 guys (J.J.), * wagtail ', cf. D. brith y fuches,
' motacilla '.
bry:x, s.mv pi. brsxod, brych buwch, D., ' afterbirth ' (of all
animals, but especially of cows) : may o n edrax vel bry:x, said of
one of a wretched, pinched, wizened appearance ; r he:n vry:x
gwirjon (O.H.) ; for pi. cf. T.N. 346. 24.
bryn, s.m., pi. brznja, brynn, D., ' hill ' (cf. ga:lf).
bry:s, s.m., brys, D., ' haste ' : / oys dim bry:s, ' there's no hurry ' ;
da\i meun bry:s am de: ?, ' are you in a hurry for tea ? ' ; foxuyn ar
vry:s maur, ' to start in a great hurry ' ; mi a:6 o ar vry:s gwy:lf,
' he went of! in a terrible hurry ' ; ma na i dippin o vry:s, ' I am
rather in a hurry '.
-bry:sg'luini — bugun 59
•bry.-sg'lumij s.pl., prysglwyni, D., s.v. ' frutetosus ' ; brysglwyni,
Job xxx. 4 — kayhenna m tsvy i vmy o wi:al (J.J.), 'new shoots
growing upwards, e.g. in a hedge after cutting'.
br9djot v., brydio, D., ' to throb, tingle with heat ' (used esp. of
the feet).
brffgmda ; przgmQa (O.H.), v., briwgawthan, C.C. 130. 7;
brygawthan, R.;° prygowtha, T.N. 242. i ; bragowtha, M.F. Cf.
also pregethu prygothen, C.L.C. ii. 27. 24, 'to speak indistinctly'.
See also pr^gmdan, png0uQur.
br^xa, s.pl., brych, pi. brychau, D., i specks, small particles of
dirt ', etc. : r o:y§ 3 levriQ m vr^xa guru, ' the milk was full of specks ' ;
hidlan i gadu r br^x®, ' a strainer to remove the specks ' ; brz\a
gwla:n, ' flock ' (J. J.) ; — kodi brdxa (fig-)' ' to ^n<^ fau^ts> blemishes '.
s.m. Cf. brychiad, S.E., 'salmon trout'.
i, s., brychni, D., in exp. br^xni hayl, ' freckles '.
bwnary, v., braenaru, D., s.v. ( aro' ; brynaru, Yny Ihyvyr hwnn
[7] ; C.C. 404. 26, ' to lay out in fallow '.
brdntni, s.m., bryntni, D., ' sordes, squalor' ; 'cruelty, unkindness'.
IrmtuX) s.m. = brmtni. This is the more usual form.
brtf'o, bri/'o, v., brysio, D., ' to hasten ' : brafux ! ; lrifu\ /,
' make haste !, be quick ! ' ; brzf'ux 9mma efto, ' come and see us
again soon ' (said to a visitor on taking his departure).
bnf'og, brifog, adj., brysiog, S.E., ' hurried, hasty, in a hurry '.
bu:, in the exp. bu: na be: — \e:f i dim bu: na be: gino vo, ' I could
not get a word out of him ' ; mi a:6 o 0:8 dmma heb fteyd na bu:
na: be:.
Z>u:a, s.m., pi. bu-a:y, bwa, D., ' bow ' : bu:a sa.yO, ' bow and
arrow ' ; tinny n i vu:a vo, ' to pull at his bow ', i. e. ' to provoke ' ;
kodi ny:n bu:a, ' to rise in a curve ' (speaking, e. g. of the flight of
a cannon-ball).
bubax, s.m., bwbach, D., ' bogy, bugbear ' : may o n he:n vubax,
' he is an old bugbear ' ; — also used of one who keeps to himself
and never says a word to any one (O.H.), bubax o Sy:n.
buf, bwff, W.LI. Ixvi. 43, Mar buf, l wash-leather '.
bufin \pufin\.
bugan, s.m., pi. buganod, bzganod, bwgan, W.S., 'ghost, bogy':
bugan bra:n (brain), ' scarecrow ' ; gneyd bugan maur o bo:b ped,
' to make mountains of molehills, exaggerate little anxieties ' ; 9
treQi ma zdi r he:n vzganod, ' it is these rates and taxes which are
the old bogies ' ; may o wedi valy n \wilvriu bugan, ' it is torn to
shreds ' ; bugan o dy:n 'an'warad (O.H.).
bugun i, for tebygwn i, ' I should think ' (J. J.).
60 buguO — bul\
buguB, bzguQ, s., pi. bdgzQjon, bygwth, D., ' threat '.
buguQ, bzgud, bdguyB, v., bygwth, D. (i) 'to threaten': bugnB
taro ru:in, ' to threaten to strike some one ' ; ma hi m buguQ storom,
'the weather looks threatening'. (2) 'to make as if (one were
about to do something)': wedi bugud gwei&jo a dim dy grieyd. (3)
* to insinuate ' : buguQ bo \i wedi grieyd peQ.
bukkad, s.m., pi. buKedi, bwcket, W.S., ' bucket ' : bukkad glo:,
1 coal-scuttle '.
biikkul, s.m., pi. Mia, bwckyl, W.S. ; bwccl, D., ' buckle ' :
Hoksan bukkul, ' buckled clog ' ; sgidja bMa, ' buckled shoes ' ;
bukkul bresys, ' the buckle of braces '.
buks, in such expressions as mi eif i m Inks i veun, ' I popped
in suddenly ' ; mi eif i m buks i u wynab o, ' I came right upon him
suddenly ' — (J.J.) ; grieyd rubaQ dm buks, grieyd riu vuks o waiB, ' to
do something in a hurry' ; — also buts, dma nhu m buts — (O.H.).
bukslyd, adj., * hasty ' : mi a:Q dm bukslyd jaun (i riu dramgiiy§,
hcb gmsidro Kin mynd} ; dy:n dy gweld bai arno i hy:n am i vod
wedi lo:d m rhy: bukslyd — (O.H.).
bukf'o, v., * to act hastily' : bukfo gweiBjo (Llanfairfechan). [O.H.
l&sfukfo, probably a confusion \\-\l\\ frukf'oJ]
bu:x, s.m., pi. foxod, bwch, D. : bu:x gavr, ( he-goat ' ; edrax vel
bu:x-, ' to look surly and disagreeable '.
buxan, s.f., epithet applied to an untrustworthy person : riu he:n
vuxan o fonas (O.H.).
buxyn, masc. of above (O.H.).
bul, bulaitf, s., bwlas, W.S. ' bullace ' (Prunus insititia), eirin bul,
eirin bulaitf.
bulat, s.f., pi. buledi, ' bullet ' : m sy:6 vel bulat (e. g. of a furrow),
' as straight as a die '.
bulfyn, s.m. (i) 'bullfinch' (Pyrrhula Europaea). (2) 'a fat
man '.
bull, s.m., Eng. bully, 'prize-fighter ' : rvo: di buli r by:d (O.H.),
' he is the champion prize-fighter of the world '.
buljo, v., bwlio, T.N. 13. 3; Eng. bully, (i) 'to tease, annoy',
e. g. plant 9m buljo he:n bobol, by mimicking them. (2) 'to insult'
— hmmyd ru:in m dsgavn a deyd g'e'irja fi:a§ u6o vo — paid di a muljo
i:, du i m barny mod i gsstal a tiBa. (3) ' to handle roughly, ' to
" punish " ' (e.g. in prize-fighting) : r u:ti wedi ka:l d? vuljo n aru.
bulx, s.m., pi. bslxa, bwlch, D., ' gap '. [As compared with
aduy, bulx is, generally speaking, an accidental gap which requires
filling up, e.g. a gap made by sheep in a hedge or a piece of wall
which has fallen, while aduy is a permanent gap made for a way to
pass through.] (i) 'a mountain pass or any opening between two
hills '. (2) ' gap, e.g. in a hedge or wall ' : ma: r devaid wedi grieyd
butragjur — buru 6 1
bulx 3n d klauft, ' the sheep have made a gap in the hedge ' ;
bulx, ' to make a gap in a wall ' (by pulling down the stones). (3)
applied to a 'hare-lip': bulx m dr e:n, bulx 9n 9 wevys. (4) of
sheep's ear-marks : bulx bla:yn givennol, bulx klikjad, bulx Pb>:g,
bulx iri Qorjad [no:d]. (5) fig. vzba i y gweld bulx ar i o:l, ' I miss
him '. (6) ' defect ' : / o:ys ne:b nad o:ys riu vulx arno vo.
bulragjur, s.m., ' bully-ragger ' : he:n bulragjur gurjon (O.H.).
bul, adj., corr. of mul, ' sultry ' : ma: r du:y§ dm buL
buljid, s.m., ' swivel '.
bumbatf, 'buts'bats^ -butfi'batf, adv., ' clumsily, anyhow ' = rusyt
rusyt, -strim'stram'strelax '• — may o wedi gosod 9 klut (patch) dm
-buts'bats.
bundal, s.m., pi. bundeli, bwndel, T.N. 22. 38, 'bundle': bundal
o riubob, ' a bundle of rhubarb ' ; bundal o orjada, ' a bunch of keys '.
buns, s., pi. bunfis, ' bunch ' : koyd hy:d d for§ a bun/is maur an
hoyjan o'rudynu, ' trees growing along the road with big bunches
(of flowers) hanging from them '.
buy \adar\
buyglar, s.m., bwngler, W.S. ; D. (i) 'bungler': 0:8 dim ond
luk buyglar 280 neyd (O.H.), 'it was only a "fluke"'. (2) 'a
worthless good-for-nothing fellow ' : riu hem bmbar o hem 8y:n, m
medry gneyd ag 3y kay — laun o bo:b dru:g (O.H.) — paid a kalyn r
he:n vuyglar na.
buygul, s., ' bungle '.
bur§, bur, s.m., pi. bzrba, bwrdd, D. (i) 'table ' : tro:yd bur§,
' leg of a table ' ; gosod 2 &ttrd, ' to lay the table ' ; klirjo r durd,
' to clear away'; — fig. do:0 <? gair na dim i r durd o r bla:yn (O.H.),
c we have never talked about that word before ' (cf. Fr. ' mettre sur le
tapis'). (2) bur§ mortar, 'mortar board'. (3) in slate quarries:
a kind of scaffold suspended by ropes (cf. baud, 4) at about 15 yards
from the ground, against the face of the rock, and large enough to
hold three men who bore a hole for blasting (J.J.).
burjad, s.m., bwriad, W.S. [A cast], burjad o la:u, 'a shower of
burjady, v., bwriadu, D., 'to intend'.
burn, s.m., bwrn, D. ; Eng. (Dial.), burn, ' burden ' ; ' a burden
on the stomach giving an inclination to vomit ' : may hi y kodi burn
-arnoxi, ' it makes you feel sick ' ; — also used figuratively, / adi o
8im ond burn ar 9 wla:d (J.J.), 'he is only a burden on the
country ' ; — also ' a weight on one's spirits '.
buru, v., bwrw, D. Imperative S. 2. buru, burja, 3. burjad',
PI. 2. burjux- Imperf. S. 3. burja. (i) 'to shed' (a) of rain,
etc. : buru gla:u, ' to rain ' ; buru eira, ' to snow ' ; buru Kenjysg
(fonslys), 'to hail'; buru eirlau, 'to sleet'. Very frequently
62 buru — bu:yd
without gla:u, ' to rain ' : may hi m buru n jaun, m drum, m aru,
'it is raining heavily' ; may hi m buru n §u:ys, 'it is raining
steadily ' ; may n tref'o buru (more rarely stido buru\ ' it is pouring
\vith rain ' ; may hi m buru he:n wragab a fyn, may hi m buru
sgrzmpja gu:yl d gro:g, may hi m buru vel tasa hi n du:ad o gruk,
1 it is raining cats and dogs ' ; may himpigo buru, ' it is "spotting",
raining a few drops ' ; may golug buru ami hi, ' it looks like rain ' ;
burjadvaint vy:d vanno vo, burjad hdnny vurja vo (O.H.), ' let it rain
as much as it likes ' ; (b) of corn which has become over-ripe and
is shedding the grain (= koli, drom'); (c) 'to bring forth': buru
to:, ' to calve ' ; (d) ' to lay eggs ' (of insects) : prmaid gleifon dm
buru ar 9 devaid; (e) fig. buru v? hiraO, ' to get over my longing,
to make me forget my home-sickness, etc.' ; buru 3 gwaiQ na 3n
rhu:y§, ' hurry up with that job ' ; m mc6y buru i annuyd, ' unable
to keep warm '. (2) ' to throw about ' (as of the limbs) : mi taro§
0 nes o:y§ o m buru i fodola, ' he knocked him sprawling ' ; buru
irutii hi, ' to speak at a great rate ', said e. g. of a drunken man or
of some one scolding. (3) ' to spend ' (of time) : buru sy:l, ' to
spend Sunday, to stay for the week-end '. (4) ' to suppose ' :
burjux vo:d . . . , ' suppose that . . . , let us take, for instance, that . . /.
busan. s., pi. busys, l bush : the inner circle of the nave of a wheel
that encloses the axle' (O.H.).
bustvil, s.m., pi. bustvilod, bwystfil, D., ' beast, animal '.
luf, in phrase mynd m ful but, ' to go full pelt ', I.W. (Eng.
full butt).
lulri, s., bwtri, L.G.C. 28. [40] ; C.C. 331. n ; W.S. [Buttrye] ;
T.N. 224. 29, ' pantry ' (seldom used).
buts [buks].
buifar, s.m., pi. butferja(i}d ; cf. bwtsiwr, C.C. 365. 21,
1 butcher '.
but/as, s.pl., sing, butfasan, bwtiasen, W.S. ; bottas, D. ; bwttias,*
C.C.M. 105. 28; bwtiws, T.N. 205. 36, 'top-boots': but/as
d go:g, ' wild hyacinths ' (Hyacinthus non-scriptus) ; cf. D.,
hosanau'r gog.
lutti, s.m., bwtti, W.S. [Boty] : rhoid i vy:s dn 9 butti, ' to meddle
with some one else's business'; u:yti n d butti?, 'are you in the
scrape ? ' ; / a: i §im i u butti nu, ' I'm not going to be mixed up
with them '.
buttog, s.m., pi. bufogij ' boat-hook '.
buQlan \rnu6lan\.
biiByn, s.m., pi. bu&mnod, bwthyn, S.E.*, ' hut ' : buBmnod krmjon
(O.H.), in speaking of prehistoric round dwellings.
bu:yd, s.m., pi. buydy\ bwyd, D., ' food ' : da\i dim an du:ad an
o:l bu:yd /, ' you are not coming back for a meal ? ' ; may hi n dzsgy
buy do — by:d 63
huiljo r bu:yd, l she is learning to cook ' ; dim posib gneyd bu:yd
hevo vo:, ' it is impossible to cook with it (the coal) ' ; ma na i ifo
buyd, ' I am hungry ' ; rhoid bu:yd i gi':, ' to feed a dog ' ; bu:yd
bfaint, 'toadstools'; bu:yd gwy§a, l goosegrass ' = gwly:8 geiru.
buydo, v., bwydo, R., ' to feed ' : buydo mo:x, ' to feed pigs '.
buy ran, boy ran \_pabuy r\.
bwi:, s.m., bwi, W.S., 'buoy'.
by:an, adj., buan, D. (i) 'quick' : p3sgodyn by:an, 'a fish which
swims fast ' ; by:an -vyo\i '/, * you have been quick ! ' ; ma r merxaid
m reit vy:an i weld beia, l women are very quick at finding fault '.
(2) * fast ' (of clocks) : ma:r klokja 3n 3 wla:d dri: xwartar aur m
vy:an, ' clocks in the country are kept three-quarters of an hour
fast '. (3) adv., ' soon ' : mi'8a:u m vy:an ru:an, ' it will burn up soon
now ' ; ma: r maun an darvod an vy:an xadal d glo:, ' peat burns
quick compared with coal ' ; m vy:an ne 3n hu:yr, ' sooner or later '.
by:ar6, s.m., pi. byarQa, buarth, D. (i) ' farm-yard '. (2) ' sheep-
fold'. Cf. the place-names by:arQ mermaid mavon (or anavon),
— hum r avon go:x, — anavon, — gorlan he:n, — la:d 9 sai's, — 9
garag, — nant d htja, — d Kevn, — kut 3 ?no:x (between Aber and
Llanfairfechan, O.H.) ; by:ar& gwarxa, ' a pound for strayed
sheep '. Cf. W.S. buarth i warchau.
by:d, S.ITL, pi. bada, byd, D. (i) 'world* : diwa8 3 by:d, 'end of
the world ', ' la fin du monde ' ; pen dra:u 3 by:d, ' end of the world ',
' le bout du monde ' ; may r by:d m du:ad i ben, ' the world is
coming to an end ' ; ma lawar o wi:b wedi du:ad ar 3 by:d, ' there
have been great changes ' ; vel na may r by:d 3n mynd 3 mla:yn, ( so
the world wags ', ' such is life ' ; by:d dru:g 3di o /, ' it's a wicked
world ! ' ; may r by:d wedi mynd ru:an, ' things have come to a
pretty pass' ; wedi gw eld lawar tro: ar vy:d, ' having gone through
a great deal ' ; gwyn da vy:d /, ' what a happy man you are ! ' — an
3 by:d, etc., used to intensify a statement : / o:y% o y go:sb m 3 by:d,
' it was no punishment at all ' ; un i dim ar wynab 3 by:d maur ma
be o.yd o n veSul, ' I have not the slightest idea what he meant ' ;
gora n 3 by:d, ' all the better ' ; — esp. with superlatives in phrases
of the form : muya n 3 by:d 'rutljuxi ar 3 du:r, bytra n 3 by:d eid o,
' the more you stir up water, the dirtier it gets ' ; dikka n 3 by:d
vo: r Ke'iljog, kmta n 3 by:d ka:n o (prov.), ' the angrier a cock is,
the sooner he crows '. — Similarly by itself, especially after dim :
da:u dim by:d pen vy:8 if'o vo, * nothing comes when it is wanted ' ;
/ o.yd dim by:d arno vo ond i vod o wedi bytta g or mod, ' there was
nothing the matter with him, except that he had eaten too much ' ;
vy:om i dim 3no er s tro: by:d, ' I have not been there for a long
time ' ; r o:d mudral ( = lot) by:d o 'honynu, ' there were an immense
number of them ' ; pe:6 (vyu) vy:d -vmnoxi, ' whatever you like ' ;
amriu by:d, ' several '. (2) ' trouble, fuss ' : ma: by:dovnaduy (bada
64 bydrefo — by:s
garu) hevo xti, ' there's no end of trouble with you ' ; ma: r by:d
hevo nu, ' they are a fearful nuisance ' ; 'r 9dani meun by:d, ' we are
in trouble ' ; daxi meun by:d m lri:o kodt 9n 3 bora, ' you have great
trouble in trying to get up in the morning ' ; mi geifi vy:d garu i
rustro vo, ' I had a great deal of trouble in preventing him ' ; may
gzno vo lawar o vy:d hevo i arjan, ' he makes a great fuss
with his money ' ; may bada garu arno vo i vyu, ' he has great
trouble in making a livelihood '. Cf. po:yn, trafarB, helbyL
bydrebi, s., budreddi, D., ' filth '.
lydwaQ) s.f., cf. mudwraig, D.G. Ixxxiv. 55 ; bydwraig, D.,
' midwife '.
bydyr, adj., pi. bydron, comp. by/rax, budr, D., ' dirty ' : may
r for§ m mynd m vydyr, ' the road is getting dirty ' ; kleri bydron,
' dirty collars ' ; helux 3 lestri bydron ar 3 /re:, ' take away the dirty
things on the tray ' ; he:n voxyn bydyr /, ' you dirty pig ! ' — In the
sense of stormy : may r d#wy§ weditroidn vydyr jaun, ' the weather
has got very dirty '.
fy:8, s., budd, D., ' advantage, benefit' : / o:s na dim by:§ i gayl
oruBo vo.
lyba, s.f., buddai, D., ' churn ' (seldom used = korftur) : byba gnok,
the old-fashioned type of churn, ' plunging churn '. Cf. gorb.
byxaS, s., buchedd, D., ' life, way of living, character ' : mwid
lyx<*S, ' to change one's way of living ' ; y:n 'dirvyx^ —y:n
'dirgariktor.
byxas, s.f., buches, D. (i) ' a number of cows together '. (2) ( the
place where cows are milked when they are outside ' ; — lri:B 9 vyxas
(O.H.), y vry:x vyxas (J.J.), ' wagtail ' (Motacilla — all species).
fyr, adj., fern. bery comp. forax, byrr, D., 'short' : 9 forb vara,
' the shortest way ' ; dy:n byr, ' a short man ' ; 'wyftosfi be: r ddu
in da weld di n debig ? i r durnod (dy:$) bar a — byr a bydyr, 'do
you know what I think you are like ? The shortest day — short and
dirty '.
byrgyn, s.m., burgyn, D. (i) ' the dead body of an animal ' (O.H.,
but app. obsolete). (2) term of reproach : he:n vyrgyn; byrgyn
bydyr. Cf. T.N. 207. i.
byrym, s.m., burm, I.G. 629. [49]; burym, W.S. ; Eng. birme
(rythcent.); ' barm, yeast ': byrym • sy:x, ' German barm'; byrym
gly:b, ' brewers' barm ' ; byrym gneyd, ' home-made barm, made of
hops, sugar^ etc.'
fy:s, s.m., pi. fosab, bys, D., ' finger, toe ' : hevo 'bysabaud, ' with
finger and thumb ' ; rhoi i vy:s m 9 bru:as, ' to meddle with other
people's business ' ; °kodi by:s at ru:in, ' to beckon to some one ' ;
may o y kodi r by:s ba:x-> ' he is addicted to drink ' ; a i vy:s ar o:l
bysnas — by 6 65
paub, ( spiteful, slandering '. The following is said to children,
taking hold of each finger in turn, beginning at the thumb : modryb
vaur, a i by:s 9n ar yud, kornal ^ gogor, dik m 3 veipan, by:s ba:x a r
ewin bdxan (W.H.) ; modryb 3 vaud, by:s dr yud, hinys, kulvys,
b?xan hvruys (I.W.). — by:s ko:x, ' fox-glove ' (Digitalis purpurea),
also by:s zr u:yb (J.J.); fosaft koxjon gunjon, 'white fox -gloves ';
sun/an vd kakkun meun by:s ko:x, ' to buzz like a bumble-bee in
a fox-glove ', i. e. ' to fume and grumble ' ; by:s klok, ' hand of
a clock ' ; by:s maur, by:s aur, ' hour hand ' ; by:s ba:x, by:s mynyd,
' minute hand '.
bysnas, s.m., pi. bysnesa, busnes, C.C. no. 21 ; 158. 9, ' business ' :
bysnas da, gwa:yl, ' good, bad business ' ; may o zm mysnas paub,
m rhoid i vy:s dm mysnas paub, ' he meddles with every one's
business '.
bysnesgar, bzsnesgar, snesgar, adj. , ' meddlesome '.
bysneslyd, adj., ' meddlesome ' : dy:n bysneslyd, ( a busybody '.
bysnesy, bysnesa, snesy, v., ' to be a busybody, to be meddlesome
with other people's affairs ' : y:n garujaun ddi o am vy snesy.
bystax, s.m., pi. bystyx, bystayjad, bustach, D., s.v. ' iuvencus ' ;
' bullock ' = y:x- As term of reproach ; r he:n vystax gwirjon.
bystyl, s.m., bustl, D., ' gall '.
byteig, adj., bwytteig, D., s.v. ' manduco ' ; ' voracious, given to
eating much '.
bytta^ v., bwytta, D. Imperf. S. 3. bytta. Pret. S. i. bittis,
3. bytloft. PL 3. bydson. Imperative bytta; byttux [O.PL
has occasionally bdtta, bdttiQ, etc.], ' to eat ' : hafjo bytta, ' to
gulp ' = teukjo ; may o y krtry bytta, ' he gobbles his food ' ; t adi
o 8im m e/eify'o ar sx bylta, l it doesn't affect your appetite ' ; may
o n y:n sad jaun i vytta, 'he is a very bad eater '. — Fig. used of
the sea encroaching on the land (= mnil ar}, or of a river under-
mining its banks. — Intransitively o:nu m bytta ?, ' were they good
eating ? '
byttur, s.m., pi. bytturs, bwyttawr, D., ' eater ' : byttur maur,
4 a great eater* ; sglafjurs o vytturs, ' voracious eaters ' (O.H.).
by 6, emphatic by;6, byth, D. (i) 'ever ' : pryn he:n, pryn eilwad,
pryn newyd, ve bery by& (prov.), ' buy old and you must buy again,
buy new and it will last for ever ' ; am byB, ' for ever ' ; byd a
beynyft, byd a hevyd, ' for ever and a day ' ; di:olx by 6 am hznny /,
' thank Heaven for that ! ' — Esp. with a negative 4 never ', (a) with
reference to present time : ne'i6 i byB Sigjo, ' she never gets angry ' ;
v^a i byd m da:lt be -vtiaxi n 8eyd, ' I never understand what you
say ' ; v*da i byB 9n sad, ' I am never ill ' ; (b) with reference to
future time : fhaid i mi n'e'yd zmdrax ne t a: i byB i r asgol^ ' I must
1438 F
66 byu — fodimja
make an effort or I shall never get to school ' ; neu\i byB
f you will never learn ; r o:n i n mebul vasun i byB dy foraft mo,
1 1 thought I should never get there ' ; net di byB ro:t 9n x^e:x,
1 you will never set the Thames on fire ' ; welts i m ono vo byB
wedyn, ' I never saw him again '. (2) ' ever ', after adjectives and
adverbs in phrases of the following form : Kin dm?iadbyB a 'vedrnxi
roid o, ' as tight as ever you can tie it ' ; hnta by 6 3 medruxi, ' as
soon as ever you can ' ; kmta byB eif i sno, gida byB eif i dno,
1 as soon as ever I went there ' ; tferd gimmin vy:B, ' go as fast as
ever you can'. (3) After comparatives in phrases of the form:
mynd 3m bb'y&ax byB, * to get hotter and hotter ' ; may hun m lai byB,
' that is smaller still '. (4) ' ever since, still ', Fr. ' toujours :
may 9 Hi mo byB, ' the dog is still there ' ; byB o r adag honno,
1 ever since '.
byu, v., byw, D. (i) ' to live ' (in all senses) : le: may o m byu /,
' where does he live ? ' ; byu meun gobaiB o: hy:d, ' to live always in
hope ' ; rhaid byu a bo:d hevo r bobol, ' one must live amongst the
people ' ; wa:B gin i 'le: i vyu ond kad pe:B 'at vyu, ' I don't care
where I live as long as I get something to live on ' ; byu ar gmnyrx
9 ti-.r, ' to live on the produce of the land ' ; muya vy:8 dy:n byu,
muya wed a muya glyu (prov.), ' we live and learn ' ; byu vel ku:n
a mo:x, ' to live a cat and dog life ' ; / o:d na byu na maru nad aun
2 mo, ' he would take no refusal as to my going there '; byu b0wyd
vel 8ary o lyu, 'to live a life as he did'. (2) 'to support life':
v0wi& o dim by:d (O.H.), ' it (syntyr] will not support any life '.
(3) sometimes used substantively as may na:u byu ka:B zno vo, ' he
has the nine lives of a cat ' ; so also m 9 myu is used to emphasize
a negative — ' in the least ' (cf. B.C. 83. 12) : un i 9n 9 myu be na: i,
' I haven't the least idea what to do ' ; hem voxyn ! hem be:B ! vedra
i m ? myu i %a:lt o i, ' wretched thing ! I simply can't understand it ! '
byu, adj., byw. D., ' alive ' : os byu ag ja:x, ' if all's well ' ; may
o n vyu o gnonody ( it is alive with maggots ' ; glo:yn byu, ( butterfly '
(gloyn Duw, D.). — Used for the sake of emphasis : pe:6 vyu vy:d
'vmnoxi, ' anything you like '.
byujogi, b0ujogi, v., bywiogi, R.; cf. Gen. xlv. 27, 'to enliven,
become enlivened '.
s.f., pi. byxod, buwch, D., 'cow': byux gwlo, 'a cow in
call ' ; byux a lo: uB i Bra:d> ' a cow with a calf ; fyux ar i Bradyb
lo:, ' a cow which has calved three times ' ; byux suynog, ' a barren
cow ' ; bvjad fyux, ' a tuft of hair on the forehead ' ; byux go:x,
* a red cow ', also ' a lady-bird ' (Coccinella) : vyux go:x ba:\ *r
eiBin, le: may karjad hun a hun ? — Cow-names are : blakkan, briBan,
gwenno, koxan, luydan, mb'ylan, muynan, penwan, seran.
fadimja = msdimja, s.pl., cf. munud, mynud, D. (I.W.), 'grimaces '
=: stimja.
bsdjo — bsrdun 6 7
fodjo, v., Eng. bud, ' to graft ' (gardener at Bangor) = impjo
nimpjo.
fadol, adj., bydol, D., * worldly ' : dy:n bsdol.
fa§ar, adj., byddar, D. (i) 'deaf: mor vrtar a fren (J.J.).
(2) ' pig-headed, self-willed ', applied to people who will not hear :
mor vrtar a pen rha:u, mor vsbar a po:st lidjart (JJ.)- (3) applied
to people of an impassive, unimpresskmable, inexcitable nature,
e.g. a man who would not be put out by seeing a cow in his corn-
field (JJ.). (4) applied to substances, soft in themselves, which
offer a kind of ' dull ' resistance to a blow, e. g. wool, sand (JJ.).
fodary, v., byddaru, D., s.v. ' obsurdesco ' ; 'to deafen, to
madden by continual talking '.
fagzQjo, v., bygythio, S.E.*, 'to threaten '. Cf. buguB.
foftedad, s.m., ' bucketful '.
, adj., fern, bexan, pi. foxin, comp. lot, eq. leiad (h':ad}, sup.
le'ia (ti:a), bychan, D., * little ' : r 0:8 o n rhy: vzxan i beidjo kwiljo,
' he was too little not to believe ' ; / adi hi dim m leikjo ibotinvexan,
' she does not like being little ' ; dy:n bsxan ba:x te:u, ' a tiny little
fat man ' ; deyd m vaxan am dano vo, ' to belittle him ' ; fyd, mexan i,
' come, little one ' (e.g. to a cow). — Used substantively : rhy: vsxan
0 da:n, ' too little fire ' (in his character) ; vy ka:lrhy vzxan at i gadu,
1 getting too little to keep him '.
foxany, v., bychanu, D., s.v. ' eleuo ' ; 'to belittle, decry '.
tol\og ; bdlxjog^ (W.H., J.J.), adj., bylchog, D., s.v. 'filicatus';
bylchiog, s.v. ' laciniosus ' ; ' full of gaps ', e.g. a wall or a range
of mountains.
, v., bylchu, H.S. 2. i, 'to make a gap '.
fonnag, adv., bynnag, D., ' -ever, -soever ' : pu:y bmnag, ' who-
ever ' ; be:6 bynnag, ' whatever ', ' at any rate ' (= Anglo- Welsh
' whatever ') ; le: bmnag 9 bo:, ' wherever it may be ' ; puy bmnag
'wdanu, ' whoever they may be ' ; be:6 bznnag 8yda vo, ' whatever
he says ' ; for bmnag sr eiQ t, ' whichever way she goes ' ; ond pa:
r y:n bmnag, ' but however that may be ...',' but at any rate.. . . '.
bms, s.pl., sing, fansan, f. bwnn bara, W.S. [A. bunne], 'buns'.
bdrbuyl, adj., byrrbwyll, D., s.v. ' inconsiderantia ', 'temerarius' ;
' rash, hasty, thoughtless ' : dy:n barbuyl, ' one who acts without
considering the consequences '.
bzrbuyltra, s.m., byrbwylldra, S.E., 'rashness, hastiness, thought-
lessness ' : gneyd pe6a meun bzrbuyltra.
bardun, s.m., byrdwn, I.G. 362. [42] ; burdwn, M.LI. i. 183. 31 ;
Eng. burden, and Dial, burdoun, Sc. ; ' burden, refrain of a song '
(= msrdun).
F 2
68 btrbjo —
v., byrddio, D., s.v. ' contabulo, contigno'. (i) 'to
board over ' (with planks) : forty'o r laur, bzrbjo r loft. (2) ' to lay '
(a table) : du i wedi darvod fordjo r°burd (O.H.). (3) 'to board'
(a ship) : tor&jo toy, also barftjo i loy, and abs. ma nu wedi bzrty'o,
'they have gone aboard'. (4) 'to take forcible possession of:
farty'o ty:, farm, etc. ; — ford/a vo, 'collar him' (for a talk), I.W.
(5) 'to thrash ' : mi na: i d9 varbjo di, ' I will thrash you ' ; du i n
bigon o dy:n i \ bsrbjo xi\ ' I am man enough to thrash you ' (cf.
C.F., 1890, 332. 4).
bwha:y, v., byrrhau, D., ' to shorten ' : may r dy:8 9m bzr'hay,
' the days are drawing in '.
forbmmy, bsrbmjo, v., cf. W.S. bwlglymu val dwr [Bobyll] ;
bwrlymu, O.P., 'to bubble': may r du:r 3m bzrbmmy i vany ;
r o:d 3 du:r 9m bzrbmjo n fznonna ; — also b3rbmmy farad, paid
a bwbmmy kluyba ; — mi bdrbmma i di i draguy§oldab (O.H.),
a threat with no definite meaning.
tostaxy ; bustaxy (W.H.), v., bustachu, D.F. [164] 14 [to check,
restrain], ' to overstrain oneself, to work hard to no purpose ' :
;/ da\i n wirjon 9m bdstaxy vel hyn /, ' how silly you are overworking
yourself like this ! ' ; / be: u:ti ?n bdstaxy dz hy:n a gneyd dim trevn
ar j pe:B ?
bsstifol in pel b9stifol (I.W.), 'ever so far' — gsstifol. Perhaps
connected with ' mistifT = ' mischief '. Cf. T.N. 405. 14 Ca'dd
lawer o fistiff yn ffoi rhag ei feistar.
fostodi, v., ' to run about wildly ' (of cattle in hot weather).
foimant, s.m., 'abutment' (of a bridge) = pentan.
brQeid, brQeiod; byBeig (O.K.), s.pl.,bytheiad, D., 'hounds': brQ'e'ig
msvor (O.H.), ' foxhounds ', [' There is ... an old-established
pack ot foxhounds kept by Mr. Evan B. Jones, of Ynysfor, near
Beddgelert, which has been hunted by members of the same family
for about a century '. — Forrest, p. 25.]
bsBeirjOf v., bytheirio, D., ' to belch '.
6?0ol, adj., bythol, D., s.v. ' sempiternus ' ; ' continual, ever-
lasting ' : ko:yd faQol wirty'on, ' evergreens '.
d
d, for ' hyd ' in d at, i.e. hyd at \hy:d\.
d, for ' nid ', e. g. d un i dim [nid\.
d, for ' dy ', e. g. dal d aval \_di\.
da:, adj., comp. gwel, eq. kzstal, hstlad, sup. gora, da, D., ' good ' :
dy:d da:, ' good day ' ; bora da:, ' good morning ' ; pnaun da:, ( good
afternoon ' ; nos'/aux, ' good night ' ; bluyfyn newyd da: i x*\ ' a
happy New Year to you ' ; nos'taux a da: 9 bo: xz', ' good night and
good-bye ' ; peidjux, da: x*'-', ' don't, that's a good fellow ' ; da\i y
klu:ad 3 bu:yd m da: ?, ' does the food taste nice ? ' ; hogla da:, ' a
nice smell ' ; sy da\i heibju ? reit da:, ' how are you to-day ? Very
well ' ; may hi meun qydran garu ag edrax mor 8a:, ' she is a great
age to look so well ' ; may o n da: i jexid, ' he is well ' ; da\i n reit
da: 9x k't ' you have a very good place ' ; os gwelu\ m da: (s gwehtx
9n da:), ' please } ; deyd m da: am ru:in, ' to praise some one '. Fol-
lowed by prepositions : am, 'at' : may o n y:n da: jaun a??i §eyd
•an'zvirad, ( he is very good at telling lies ' ; — ar : may hi n o da:
•arnoxi, 'you are pretty well off'; — at, 'for' (implying remedy):
da: jaun at, ' very good for, as a remedy for ' ; at be: may o n da: ?
(I.W.), ( what is it good for ? ' — gin (sometimes Kin, see below) : ma
n ^a: gin i, ' I am glad ', e.g. ma n da: gin i bo xi n wel, ' I am glad
you are better ' ; also, ' I like ', as da: ( = ni dda) Kin i m ono vo,
1 1 don't like him ' ; mi vasa n da: gin i tasa r he:n dznas wedi mynd,
1 1 wish the old lady had gone ' ; — /, ' for ' (implying purpose) :
•/ ddynu n da: i dim, ' they are good for nothing ' ; i be: may hun m
da: />, ' what is this for ? ' ; — rhag, ' as a remedy against, as a means
of escaping ' : may baygor 9n le: reit da: rhag eira, ' Bangor is a
very good place for escaping snow '.
da: s.m., da, D. (i) < cattle' (but practically obsolete): rha:d
ar 9 da: I was an expression formerly used when a cow calved
(JJ. ; O.H,). Cattle and poultry are sometimes distinguished by
the terms da: kornjog and da: pty:og. (2) ' goods ' (in general).
dabal, s., tabyl, W.S. [A. table], tabl, D. (i) 'the top of the
wall of a house where the roof meets it ' : kay 3 dabal (O.H.), ' to
fill up the space between the top of the wall and the roof. (2) ' the
outside of the roof corresponding to the spot where the wall meets
it ' : Kerig ar 9 dabal, ' stones placed on the roof as a protection
70 da' da: — dail
against the wind '. (3) ' the part of the top of a hay-stack between
the edge and the first rope running lengthwise ' (J.J.).
da'da:, s.m., childish word for ' sweets '.
-dad'dgeintjo, v., ' to disjoint '.
dadl, s.f., dadl, D., ' dispute ' : tori r dadl, ' to settle the dispute '.
dadla, dadly, v., dadleu, D., ' to dispute ' : fry:d rhei dn dadla m
bo:y& am i henwada, ' some people dispute hotly about their religious
denominations ' ; dadly dros i blaid, ' to argue in favour of one's
party '; dadla hevo i gilib (dadly zn erbyn i gilib), 'to dispute with
one another, to quarrel ' ; dadly am bri:s pe:6, ' to haggle about the
price of a thing '.
-dad'luyQo, v., dadlwytho, D., ' to unload '.
dadmar, v., dadmer, D., ' to thaw '.
'dad'sgrmjv, v., * to unscrew '.
•dad'v/mot v., dadflino, D., s.v. ' refocillo ' ; ' to get rid of fatigue '.
•dad-wrei&jo, v., dadwreiddio, D., s.v. ' inextirpabilis'; ' to uproot '.
dadgi s. = dadl (O.H.), mynd m dadg, 'to get into a dispute,
quarrel '.
dadgo, v. (i) ' to chaff ' (I.W.). (2) 'to quibble ' (W.H.) : dim
ins i tibadgo, ' it is no use your quibbling '. (3) ' to dispute, haggle '
= dadfy(O.H.).
dafod, v., dattod, D. Pret. S. i. dafottis, dfottis, dafis. 3. dafottob,
dfotto§. PL 3. dafodson, dfodson. Imperative S. 2. dafod, dafotta,
dfotta. PI. 2. dafottu^ dfottux, 'to undo, untie': may 3 marklod
ivedi dqfodt ' my apron is undone ' ; dafod ko:t, ' to unbutton a
coat ' ; dafod klo:s, euphemistically for ' ventrem exonerare ' ; dafod
eda o rid, 'to unwind thread from a reel '.
dagar, s.f. (cf. dager, D., ' pugio '), pe:6 i wasgy Ke:g Kefyl dru:g
(O.K.).
dagra, s.pl., sing, deigryn, dagrau, D., ' tears ' : r o:d dagra dm
peruljo o ibgad o, ' tears were streaming from his eyes ' ; grieyd dagra,
' to shed tears '.
dail, s.pl., sing, deilan, dail, D., ' leaves ' : may r dail m disgin,
* the leaves are falling ' ; kwymp, kwimpjad 9 dail, ' the fall of the
leaves ' ; krmny vel deilan, ' to tremble like a leaf ' ; wedi kodi n i
dail, 'come up into leaf; may deilan ar i davod o, 'he speaks
thick ' ; heb Milan ar i davod, ' without mincing matters ' ; paid
a hel dim dail hevo mi, ' don't let me have any of your nonsense ' ;
deilan plug, see plug. — Used to distinguish a plant from the root,
flowers, or fruit, e.g. dail arjan, ' silverweed ' (Potentilla anserina) ;
dail dy.on da:, ( knotty-rooted figwort ' ( Scrofularia nodosa) ; dail
daint — dal 7 1
gron, * pennywort ' (Cotyledon Umbilicus) ; dail karn ebol, * colt's
foot ' (Tussilago Farfara) ; dail knay 9 deyar, ( earth-nut ' (Cono-
podium denudatum) ; dail kra:x, dail luynog, ' fox-glove ' (Digitalis
purpurea) ; (dail) kriba santfraid, cribau S. Ffraid, D., * betony '
(Stachys Betonica) ; dail lor j ad, 'broad-leaved plantain' (Plantago
major) ; dail lu:yn hydyl (hydyS), ' ribwort plantain ' (Plantago
lanceolata) = dail Keiljog (Bangor) ; dail rhokkos, ' mallow '
(Malva silvestris, etc.) ; dail tavol, ' dock-leaves ' (Rumex obtusi-
folius) ; dail vzdigad, * all-heal ' (Hypericum Androsaemum) ; dail
9 peils = bgad ebril, ' the lesser celandine ' (Ranunculus Ficaria).
daint, s.m., pi. dannab, dant, D., pi. daint, ' Quae vox apud
Venedotas pro sing, passim vsurpatur ', pi. dannedd, ' tooth ' :
daint bla:yn, ' front tooth ' ; Hi&ainl, i back tooth ' ; daint lagad,
' eye tooth ' ; tsnny daint, ' to draw a tooth ', * to have a tooth out ' ;
may i dannad wedi psdry, ' her teeth are decayed ' ; may o wedi
ivasgy o a i dannad, * he has bitten him ' ; may n mynd tru nannad
i, ' it sets my teeth on edge ' ; grindgan i dannad, * to grind one's
teeth ' ; / o:ys gmo vo dim daint i attal i davod, ' he always speaks
out, says what had better be left unsaid ' ; dayos i Sannab, ' to show
his fangs, to threaten ' ; ma na riu Saint rhdnQo vo a vo:, i there is
no love lost between them ' ; may gmo vo dam/ i mi (Saint m v
erl>yn\ ' he has something against me ' ; KeluyS m d^ dannad /,
" that's an absolute lie ! ' ; du i fostal (k^stlad) a tiQa dn dz dannad,
' I'm as good as you at any rate ' ; mi Ke:s i o ar i weyOa vo n i
dannad, * I got it in the teeth of his opposition ' ; mi rhois hi i§i hi
m i dannad (= m i gwymmad], i I paid it back to her with interest,
I got the better of her ' . — In transf. senses daint o:g, kribin, etc. ;
dannad 2 graig, ' the jagged edges of the rock ' ; daint 3 le:u,
' dandelion ' (Leontodon Taraxacum).
dakja, interj., Eng. God ache : dakja voynwaO /, ' drat him ! '
dakku, adv., dacw, D.G. lix. 16, Fr. voila: dakku vo: !, ' there he is ! '
dal, v., dal, D. Fut. S. i. dalja, 3. daliB (deit). PI. 2. dalju\.
Imperf. daljun. Fret. i. daljs. S. 3. daljoti. PI. 3. dalson. Plup.
dalsun. Imperative S. 2. dal ; daljux. Pret. Pass, daljuyd.
I. tr. (i) 'to hold in the hand or arms' : pu:y daliO hun?,
'who will hold this?'. (2) 'to hold' (in possession): dal ti:r,
' to hold land '. (3) * to hold (something) so that it cannot fall
or break loose ' : rubaB i da! ? dgain ar gevn Kefyl, t something
to hold the chain on the back of the horse '. (4) ' to hold,
contain ' : det'I o du:r ?, ' will it hold water ? ' ; Kimmint a dali'0
o, dalja vo, ' as much as it will hold, would hold '. (5) ' to
break in ' (of a horse) : dal Kefyl ( = tori i four, tori i veun, J.J.).
(6) ' to hold or keep in a certain position ' : dal 9n dyn, ' to hold
tight ' ; dal 3 desgtf in wastad idi hi, ( to humour her ', lit. ' to hold
the dish straight for her ' ; ma nu n dal ?x trayd m sattax, ' they
7 2 dal — dalnn
hold your feet firmer ' ; vel 'tasanu n dal 3 by:d u6 i gi'h'8, ' as if
they kept the world together', i.e. ' as if the world could not get on
without them '. Similarly dal i lais dn hi:r, ' to lengthen out a
sound with the voice '. (7) ' to hold back ' : / o:s na dim dal arno
vo, ' there's no holding him back '. Similarly dal du:r, ' to back
water ' (in rowing) : y:n m tsnny a r lal zn dal du:r (O.H.), ' one
pulling and the other backing water ' ; dal i wynt, ' to hold one's
breath '. (8) ' to detain ' : Ke:s 9 na!, ' I was detained '. (9) ' to
catch ' : gosod abuyd i dal luynog, * to set a trap to catch a fox ' ;
dal pdsgod, ' to catch fish ' ;— ' to catch up ' : mi daljux o ar gevn ax
beiky l you'll catch him on your bicycle '. (10) dal g aval, ' to catch
hold (of), to hold on ' : dal d aval mo vo rhag zdo ssrQjo, t catch
hold of it to keep it from falling ' ; dal d aval m 9 re:ns, ( catch hold
of the reins', (u) dal sylu, 'to notice': mi "baljuxi sylu 9 fro:
nesa, ' you will notice next time ' ; erbyn dal sylu, ' when you come
to think of it '. (12)' to harness ' : amsar dal, ' the time for harness-
ing the horses to begin work ' = amsar baxy. (13) 'to hold out ' :
dal d3 la:u, 'hold out your hand'. (14) 'to hold out against,
sustain, stand, endure, support, keep out ' : may r gwarBag dy:on
dy glettax i dal 9 d0wy§, ' black cattle stand the weather better ' ;
meQy dal ru:in, ' to be unable to endure somebody ' ; may na fanny
deil zr he:ngorfyn (O.H.), ' more than the body can endure ' ; / ffdi r
sgidja ma di??i m dal du:r, * these boots do not keep out the water '.
(15) 'to lay a wager, to bet': mi da/Ja i **' «/://, Til bet you
a shilling '. Cf. the doggerel rime : y:n day tgi:, mi ro: nu i laur zn
fri: \ mi 8a/Ja i a?n beint o guru puy bsnnag a dei'l a mi: \ nad oy:s
smma na mu:y na hii ond injon igjan fri: (E.J.).
II. intr. (16) l to hold ' : rieiQ o dal ru:an, ' it will hold now '.
(17) 'to keep (in a certain direction)': dal gormod ar 2 de:, 'to
bear too much to the right ' ; dal ar hy:d 9 lo:n spel, ( to keep along
the high-road a bit ' ; dal i r xwi-'6, i r &•', ' to keep to the left, to
the right '. (18) ' to keep, continue ' : may n dal i xu&y o hy:d, ' it
keeps on blowing ' ; may hi wedi dal zn hi:r heb dim gla:u, ' it has
kept off raining for a long time ' ; may r ta:n m dal, ' the fire keeps
in' ; may fair lambad m dal (O.H.), ' Llanbedr (y Cenin) fair still
continues ' ; os deil 9 by:d i vynd (O.H,), 'if the world goes on'.
(19) dal ar, ' to hold on (to) ' — (fig.) * to give heed, attend, mark ' :
dani wedi klu:ad pe&a da: jaun ond i ni dal -arnynu a i gneydnu, ' we
have heard some very good things, if we only give heed to them and
do them ' (cf. Jer. xxiii. 18; Acts xvi. 14) ; — ' to pull up (some one)' :
du i n dal arno vo pey glu:a i o (O.H.), ' I pull him up when I hear
him (making mistakes) '. (20) dalafrubaO, ' to stick to something,
persevere in something'. (21) 'to hold, maintain' (also dal
alan). (22) 'to begin' (connected with n): dal am hannar aur
wedi tri:, ' to begin at half-past three '.
dalan, s.pl., danadl, D., only dalan poiQjon, 'nettles' (Urtica dioica).
dalan — dayos 73
dalan \_dolan\.
daldun, dandlun, dandljo, v., * to dandle '.
daljad, s.m., daliad, D.G. xlix. 23. (i) ' a keeping back, deten-
tion': daxi ' wedi ' ka:yl daljad go hi:r heity'u, 'you have been kept
rather long to-day'. (2) ' the time a team remains in the field to
work'. The two daljad are from about 7 to n a.m. and from
i to 5 p.m. (cf. dal n). — Also of persons' working hours: daljad
dy:n (on a farm) 6 a.m. to 5-30 p.m. ; daljad 9 meinar 9di u:yQ aur.
dal, adj., pi. de'ijfon, dall, D., ' blind ' : dal bo:stt ' stone-blind ' ;
dala o baud na vyn welad (prov.), ' none is so blind as he who
won't see '.
'dalgeibjo, v., ' to speak beside the mark ' : be u:ti n 'dalgeibjo am
beda d u:ti dim m i da:lt nu (O.K.) = boftro, stunf'o. ° Cf. T.N.
29. 5, Nid yw'r holl gwbl ond dall geibio; — also 32. i.
dalinab, s.m., dallineb, D., l blindness '.
dadt ; dy:al (O.H. nearly always), v., deall and dyall, D. ; deallt,
D,G. ccxiv. 9°; dealld, D.F. [yi.] 8, [xiii.] 9, etc.; dallt, C.L.C.
v. vi. 67. 23. Fut. S. 3. daliiQ. Imp. daltun. Fret. S. 3. dalioft,
dyaltoti ; dzhal/od (O.H.). P°l. 3. dattson. Imperative dalfa, dadt ;
daljux, ' to understand ' : da\i n da:lt ?, ' do you understand ? ' ;
vada i by6 m da:U be 'vtiuxi n 8eyd, ' I never understand what you
say ' ; mi &o:ni i Salt zy gih'8 vesyl tippin, ' we shall come to under-
stand one another by degrees ' ; mi §alto§ mod i meun helbyl^ ' he
(the dog) understood I was in difficulties '.
da]y, v., dallu, D., 'to blind ' : 9 gola n 2 nafy i m la:n.
damxwal (].].), d?mxwal(O.H.), v., dymchwelyd, D., s.v. 'euerto ' ;
' to fall down ' : bildin wedi damxwal (J.J.), ' a building which has
fallen down ' ; d9m\wal dros 3 dibin (O.H.), ' to fall over the
precipice '.
damwain, s.f., pi. damweinja, damwain, D., ' accident ' ; damwain
vaur^ ( a bad accident ' ; ar damwain, l by chance '.
damwemjol, adj., damweiniol, D., s.v. ' accidentalis ' ; ' accidental '.
dan, prep., dan, D., s.v. ' sub '. See tan,
danhebog, adj., dannheddog, D., ' toothed, serrated '.
danvon\ dayon (I.W.) ; davnon, davny(d) (O,H.), v., danfon, D.,
s.v ' miLto '. Pret. S. 3. dwonod (O.H.), ' to send, take, conduct ' :
danvon 9r hu;x at 9 ba:y$> — plismon sn davnon ru:in (O.H.), 'a
policeman taking some one to the lock-up ' ; nod a danvon 9du i
tru: r ajy:d, ' I am fetching and carrying all day long ' ; rhaid nod
a i danvon hi (said of old people), ' she has to be tended every-
where ' ; ga; i x dayon xi adra ?t ' may I see you home ? '
dayos ; daygos (O.K.), v., dangos, D. Fut. 3. dayhosiB (deyys).
74 darbuylo — darvod
Pret. i. dayhosis, dayis, 3. dayhosob. Imperative dayos ; dayhosu\.
(i) tr. 'to show' : dayos rubaQ i ru:in ; — dayos gu:g at y:n, ' to
frown, to look surlily at some one ' ; dayos i hy:n (hynan), ' to show
off ' ; dayos i hy:n m yux nag ddi i vo:d, ' to make oneself appear
to be above what one really is '. (2) intr., ' to show ' : ko:ys an
dayos, 2 se:rs (stars) zn dayos. (3) ' to seem ' ( = ymddangos).
darbuylo, v., darbwyllo, S.E., ' to bring to reason '.
darja, in the exp. o: darja /, ' dash it ! ' : — darja voynwaQ ; darja
d? budin di,
darlan, v., darllain, darllen, D. Pret. S. 3. darlennod, PL 3.
darlenson. Imperative darlan ; darlennux, ' to read ' : na i
Parian o pey ga: i amsar, ' I will read it when I have time ' ; lyvr
divir i Parian, ' an amusing book to read ' ; ?nay o n darlan
po:b pe:Q gei& o aval dno vo, ' he reads everything he can get
hold of.
darlau, v., darllaw, D., ' to brew ' : — fig. may hi n i darlau hi er
s lalum, ' a storm has been brewing for a long time '.
darn, s.m., pi. darna, darn, D. (i) 'piece' : may o wedi hmmyd
darn o mara i, ' he has taken a piece of my bread ' ; darn o graig,
bren, heyarn, ' a piece of rock, wood, iron ' ; darn o gara, ' a piece
of boot-lace ' ; zn dri: darn, ' in three pieces ' ; may o wedi bildjo
r darn ma, ' he has built this piece ' ; — darn kro:ys, in old-fashioned
cottages of one story, a projecting piece partitioned off from the
rest and used as a bedroom. Its position was opposite the house
door by the side of the st'mda vaur (O.K.). Cl.fambar. (2) ' part ' :
darn kupanad, 'part of a cupful'. (3) used adverbially, ' partly':
ar i darn godi, ' partly raised ' ; darn A;:d, ' to half kill '.
darnjo, v., darnio, D., ' to divide into parts ' : darnjo ty:, moxyn ;
pobol m darnjo i hy:n u6 gufjo.
darpar, s., darpar, D., ' praeparatio, apparatus ' : darpar u:r,
' fiance" ' ; darpar wraig, ' fiancee '.
darparjaB, s.f., darparaeth, M.A. i. 348 b. u, 'preparation ' : dim
darpar ja6 ar i gsvar.
darpary ; d3rpary (O.H.), v., darpar, darparu, D., ' to provide ' :
darpary pnkja ar gdvar 9 bora, ' to get firewood ready for the
morning '.
darvod ; davrod (often at Llanfairfechan), v., darfod, D. Fut.
S. i. darv9§a, 3. darvabiQ. Imperf. S. i. darvun, 3. darva.
Pret. 3. \dary\ darvtiob. Imperative darvod, darvtia ; darvsbux.
I. tr., 'to finish ' : vefy sy if'o gneyd, darvod po:b dim, ' that's the
way — finish (eat up) everything ' ; du i 'ar darvod o ru:an, ' I am
just finishing it (the book) now ' ; rhaid i mi dri:o darvod zn o
vy:an i ga:l du:ad hevo x*\ ' I must try and get done pretty soon, so
as to come with you'. II. intr., (i) 'to come to an end, to be
darvod — davod 7 5
finished, to wear out, to be over ' : ma: r sgidja ma wedi darvod,
' my boots are worn out ' ; may o wedi darvod, ' it is finished ', also
' he has gone ', i. e. * is dead ' ; may hi wedi darvod arno vo, ' it is
all up with him ' ; mi Mis na darva vo byQ, ' I thought it would
never wear out ' ; ma: r maun an darvod 9n vy:an \adal 3 glo:, ' peat
burns away quickly as compared with coal '. (2) The uninflected
preterite form dary, i.e. darfu i (nearly always in the mutated form
dary), is very frequently used as an auxiliary, instead of the inflected
form of the preterite in all persons, with all verbs except bo:d, and
especially in plurals the inflected forms of which consist of more
than two syllables : dary nu anvon, ' they sent ' ; dary ni dexra, ' we
began'; dary xi Mm hra§, 'you did not reach'. In S. i. dary
mi or vi. Sometimes dary stands alone, the infinitive being
understood, as / un i dim dary hi ai peidjo, ' I don't know whether
she did or not ' ; . . . ag vely dary nu, ' . . . and so they did '.
(3) In the phrase be hary ti ? (beth ddarfu i ti?), this verb has the
sense of ' happened ', i. e. ' what is the matter ? ' So, by analogy,
un i dim be hary o, ' I don't know what is the matter with him ' ; be
sary ti ? (by analogy with be s anti ?, i. e. beth sydd arnat ti ?) is also
occasionally heard, and be:6 o:yd hary o ?
darvodedig, adj., darfodedig, D., 'wasteful'; menyn darvodedig,
1 wasteful butter '; teyly darvodedig, ' a family that dies out rapidly '.
•dat'bakjo, v., ' to unpack ' : ar o:l i xi or/an -dat'bakjo, ' when you
have finished unpacking '.
'dat'bayy, v., dadbachu, ' to unharness '.
daun, s.f., dawn, D., ' gift ' : daun madrob liQrig, ' the gift of ready
speech ' ; may gdno vo digon o daun farad (= daun deyd), ' he has
the gift of the gab '.
dauns, s.f., dawns, Psalm cl. 4, ' dance '.
davadan, s.f., dafaden, D., s.v. ' ovicula ' ; ' a single sheep ' : ??ia:y
y:n davadan ar o:l (O.H.), ' there is one sheep left behind ' (see
davod i).
davadan, s.f., pi. devaid, dafaden, D., c wart ' : davadan wylf,
' cancerous wart '.
davad [edd\.
davn, s., pi. davna ; devni (O.H.), dafn, D., 'drop '.
davod, davad, s.f., pi. devaid, dafad, D., 'sheep': haul pori
devaid a Qori maun, ' the right of pasturing sheep and cutting peat ' ;
hel devaid, ' to collect sheep together ' ; bigeiljo devaid, ' to look after
sheep ' ; kneivjo devaid, ' to shear sheep ' ; knevin devaid, * a sheep
walk ' ; Ki: devaid, ' a sheep dog ' ; noda klistja devaid, ' sheep's
ear-marks ' ; devaid gwlanog, ' sheep with their wool ' ; devaid
hmjon, ' sheep after shearing ' ; ma: gin i dair davad heb du:ad ag
u:yn leni, 'I have three sheep which have not lambed this season';
y 6 davod — de:g
ma: kro:yn sr o:yn a kro:yn d bavad i welad mor ammal a i gilib an
3 varxnad (prov.), ' the lamb's skin and the sheep's skin are to be
seen equally often in the market ', i. e. ' the young die as well as
the old ' (cf. the literary form : Cyn ebrwydded yn y farchnad, croen
yr oen a chroen y ddafad, D., cf. also M.A. i. 15 a. 23); r o:yn m
d9sgy r bavad bori (prov. exp.), ' teaching one's grandmother '.
davod, davad, s.f., pi. devaid, ' wart ' : davod wy:tt, ' cancerous
wart '. Cf. davadan.
davyb, Dafydd, ' David ' : an o:ys davyb, ' in the Greek calends ' ;
davyb 8go:nst ' the sea ' ; asgwrn davyb /, ' Good Heavens ! '
day, s. and adj., fern. du:y, dau, D., ' two'. Both day and du:y
are followed by the vocal mutation ; day kant is, however, the usual
form for 200, and there are a few other exceptions, e. g. day pen
linin, in the phrase ka:yl 9 bay pen limn at i gilth, ' to make two
ends meet'; cf. deupenn y llynynn, L.A. 96. 26; and words of
English origin beginning with g, g as du:y ga:t. With the article
always 9 bay, 3 bu:y \—9 day vurb, ' the two tables' ; 9 buy gadar,
' the two chairs ' ; — day ne dri: o barnodja, ' two or three days ;
'gsmmuxi r bay ?, ' will you have both ? ' ; mi neid 9 day r y:n va:6,
' either will do ' ; day a Qair, ' two (shillings) and threepence ' ;
gwcrO du:y, ' two pennyworth ' ; stamp du:y a dimma, ' a twopence
halfpenny stamp ' ; ynwaB ne bu:y, ' once or twice ' ; ^ mhen durnod ne
bay, ' in a day or two ' ; may r blaid wedi holti n bu:y, ' the party has
split in two ' ; may o rhny day vebul, ' he can't make up his mind ' ;
'r ddanirhuy day ola, ' it is twilight ' ; gwel^ day meun bolna kantmeun
la:u, a proverb implying that it is better to have a small amount (of
money) and know what to do with it than an unwieldy quantity.
daywynebog, adj., dauwynebog, D., s.v. ' anceps ' ; ' two-faced,
deceitful '.
de:t adj., deau and dehau, D. (i) ' right' : 9 la'u 8e:, i the right
hand ' — hence s.f. 9 tie:, 'the right ' : dal gormod ar 9 de:, ' to keep
too much to the right ' ; o de:. ' right ', opposite to o xwM'g*
' wrong ' ; du:y forb i neyd po:b pe:B—y:n o de:, y:n o xwiQig, ' two
ways of doing everything — one right,, one wrong'. (2) ' south'" :
ty: de:, ' the south side ' — also s.m. 9 de:, ' the south ' : may n \ttBy
o r de:, ' it is blowing from the south '.
ujyd, adj., dedwydd, D., ' happy '.
, v., dyddfu, D., only in debiy gan wre:s (O.H), ' to be
overcome by the heat \
defro, v., deffro, D., s.v. '• expergiscor ' ; ' to wake ' (tr. and intr.).
de:g, de:y, s. and adj., deg, D., 'ten' ; de:y is the adjectival form : de:y
mi:s, mlu:yd, mlmab, mynyd, ewin, usnos ; de:y waiQ, ' ten times ' ; de:s*
durnod (beside dc:y njurnod*) is, however, common, also de:g Keinjog.
In other cases the substantival de:g o has superseded it, as de:g
o vasgedi, vala, m6od, etc.
degum — dexra 7 7
degum, s.m., pi. degsmma^ degwm, D., 'tithe': ire: r degum,
( township ' ; degum 9 bli:B, ' tithe on animals ' ; degum 9r y:d, ' tithe
on corn ' ; sgybor begum, ' tithe barn '.
degvad, adj., degfed, D., ' tenth ' : 9 degvad dy:3; 3 begvad ran.
de'igeinvad, adj., deugeinfed, D., ' fortieth '.
deigjan,s. and adj., deugain, D.; deigian, C.C.M. 18. 6, 'forty'.
For mutations see igjan.
deiljo^ v., deilio, D., ' to come into leaf ' : ma: r dgakmor m
deiljo n vy:anjaun, ' the sycamore comes into leaf very early '.
deiljo, v., deilio, C.L.C. ii. 12. 18, 'to deal', e.g. at a shop ; also
deiljo meun kzfila ; — deiljo uQi hi implies an illicit connexion.
deiljur, s.m., ' herbalist '.
deiljur, s.m., ' dealer '.
deimon, s., daimawnt, C.Ch. 56. 25, 'diamond or something
shaped like a diamond ', e.g. in speaking of the meshes of a net.
deintjo, v., deintio, D., s.v. ' denticulo, tango'; P.G.G. 224. 16,
' to go near, to enter ' : paid a deintjo at 3 ty:, ' don't go near the
house ' (because of some suspicious circumstances connected with
it) ; deintjo i meun, ( to enter '.
s.f., deintyddiaeth, ' articulation ' : may gmo vo
deivis, s., deufis, D.G. iii. 7, ' two months ' : deivis ne dri:, ' two
or three months '.
de'ivjo, v., deifio, D., ' to singe, blight, wither ' : pen 'vzduxi n
rhoi klut o vla:yn 3 ta:n may o n de'ivjo ; ma: gwynt 3 duyran m
de'ivjo 9 kubul.
de'ivjol, adj., deifiol, S.E., ' nipping, blasting' : gwynt de'ivjol.
dekbuys, s., 'ten pounds' (weight).
dekbynt, s., degpunt, T.N. 71. 24, 'ten pounds' (sterling).
dekttin, dek#en, decyn in dekKin z', dekHen i '= debig Kin i, i.e. debyg
genyf, ' I should think ' : may o ivedi mynd ru:an dekKin i.
dexra, v., dechreu, D. Fut. S. i. dexra, 2. d9\ri&, dexreyiO.
Pret. S. i. dexn's, d^xreyis, 3. dexrod, d^xreyob. Imperative,
dexra ; dexrux, d^x^yux- Pret. Pass, d^xreyud, ' to begin ' :
may n dexra tuly, * it is beginning to get dark ' ; dexra o r dexra,
' to begin at the beginning ' ; rhaid i ni gatyl 3 dru:g yna n jaun
i 8exra, ( we must set that to rights to begin with ' ; dexra r ta:n,
' to light the fire ' (used of paper, sticks, etc.) ; 9di r boks ma am
gad i dori i 8exra r ta:n />, ' is this box to be broken up to light
the fire ? ' ; dexra kany (of the leader of a choir), ' to strike up, to
give the note '. Nouns are often preceded by ar} e. g. dexra ar
9 gwaiQ, ' to take up the task '.
7 8 dexra — derwinan
dexra, s.m., dechreu, D., ' beginning ' : sn d dexra, ' at first ' ;
m 9 dexra kmta, ' at the very beginning ' ; dexra a diwab 9 vluyfyn,
' the beginning and end of the year '.
del, adj., comp. dela\, del, D., ' protervus, morosus ' ; ' pretty,
nice ' : ma: 'gmoxi da:n ba:x del, ' you have a nice little fire ' ;
dmas ba:x fal, ' a nice little woman ' ; "may o y gweny n del/, ' he
does smile prettily ! ' ; may o y gwela n de/, ' he is mending nicely ' ;
— as term of endearment, del ba:x ! ; tyd e neli I ; — ironically, u:tt
n y:n del!, ' you're a nice fellow ! '
delu, s.f., delw, D. (i) ' image ' : mi a:Q vel delu, ' he stood stock
still with fright '. (2) ' cross ' : delu ayr, ( a gold cross ' (O.H.).
delwt, v., delwi, D., ' to stand stock still with fright '.
de:n, s.m., ' dean '.
denig, dinig, deyid, difod ; deiyid (W.H.), v., diangc, D. ;
dihengyd, C.C. 260. 23. Fut. 3. diji6 (I.W.), dttjiO (W.H.).
Imp. diyun (I.W.), deyun (E.J.). Pret. 3. deyod (J.J.), deiyob
(W.H.). Imperative, dey (I.W., O.K.), day, deiya (W.H), 'to
make off, to escape ' : daxi am Senig Aei'di'u /, ' are you off anywhere
to-day ? ' ; de'iy(a) am dd v0wyd, ' escape for your life '.
deny(d), v., denu, D., 'to entice '.
dcygar, adj., dengar, ' attractive, fascinating in manner '.
deywaO, adv., dengwaith, D., s.v. 'decies'; 'ten times'. Cf.
also dt':y waiQ.
de:r, s., ' a blow ' : dzmma vi: a de:r ido vo nes o:d o y kany (J.J.),
' I gave him a blow which made him sing out ' ; rhoi de:r, ' to
give a blow '.
derlyn, v., derbyn, D., s.v. 'recipio'. Pret. 3. derhnjob.
Imperative, derbyn ; derbmjux, ( to receive '. — In special sense,
' to receive into the world '. Cf. D., s.v. * obstetrico ' : mi Serbmjoft
hi xiw-' xant, ' she attended six hundred cases '.
derbmjad, s.m., derbyniad, D., s.v. 'ansa', 'excipulse', 'mutulus';
' catch ', e. g. on a door-post to receive the latch.
dernyn, s.m. (dim. of darn), dernyn, D., s.v. ' particula ' ; ' a
small piece ' : dernyn da: jaun sdi hunna, ' that is a fine piece '
(e. g. of poetry).
deru, s.pl., sing, derwan, f., derw, D., ' oaks J : — deru is also used
for oak (the wood), wedi neyd o beru, ' made of oak ' ; — and as an
adj. kadar deru, ( an oak chair '.
derwinan, derwinan, drswinan, s.f., pi. derwinod, etc., derwreinien,
W.S. [Ryng worme]; derwreinyn, D., Lichen. Rectius Dyfrwreinyn;
'ring- worm'. Also gwrinan, cf. gwraint, D., sing, gwreinyn.
See also drain gwynab.
deryn — deyblyg 79
deryn \adar\.
desgil, s.f., pi. desgla, dzsgla, dysgl, D. ; descyl, D.F. [xii.] 28 ;
desgil, C.L.C. i. 23. 25; 'dish': dal d Sesgil zn wastad (i), 'to
humour ; to keep things straight between people who are on bad
terms with each other '.
dest \dgesf\.
destlys, adj., destlus, D., ' neat, tidy '.
de6a, adj., deheu, D., i skilful ' : gneyd po:b pe:6 o: 8e0a, ' to do
everything skilfully ' ; y:n de6a jaun ddi o i rieyd po:b pe:6, ' he is
very skilful in everything ' ; de6a hevo i gwaiQ, ' skilful in her
work '.
deur, adj., dewr, D., ' brave ' : ;// 0:8 o n §eur ? mi xybob 3 dy:n,
' wasn't he brave ? he saved the man ' ; may dy:n deur 9m barod
i roi'd i vmvyd i laur, ' a brave man is ready to lay down his life '.
devni, s.pl., defni, D., s.v. ' davn ' ; ' drops '.
dewinjas, dewinjas, s.f., dewines, D., s.v. ' pharmaceutria ' :
dewinies, M.LI. i. 235. 23; 'fortune-teller'.
dewinjaQ, d^winfaO, s., dewiniaeth, D., 'fortune-telling': deyt
tswinjaQ (O.K.).
dewis, v., dewis, D., Imperative, dewis, ddwisa, ' to choose ' :
dewis z 1y: kktta i r klaub, ' to choose the sheltered side of the
wall ' ; vel 'foduxi n dewis, ' as you choose, as you like ' ; dewis
dewis day burn ; dewis jy:n, dewis hun (pa: r y:n gzmma i ont him ?
I.W.), said by children asking some one to choose one of two
closed hands in which something is held.
dewt's, s., dewis, D., c choice ' : ar o:l i \i ga:yl dx dewis, ' after
you have had your choice '.
deyar, s.fv daear, D. (i) ' earth, world' : 9 pe:Q gora'gmoxi ga:l
ar 9 8eyar, 'the thing you like to get best in the world'. (2)
' earth, ground, soil ' : troi r deyar, ' to turn over the earth ' (esp.
with a plough) ; 9n aros i r 8eyar gnesy, ' waiting for the earth to
get warm '. (3) pi. deyara, ' earth ' (of a fox).
deyardor, s.f., daeardor, D.G. ccv. 47 ; cf. D., s.v. < aestuarium ',
'charadra', 'eluvies', 'labes* ; 'land-slip'.
deyargi, dyargi, s.m., pi. deyarguns, daiargi, S.E., 'terrier'
(O.K.).
deyaru, v., daearu, D. (i) 'to cultivate' = tri:n 9 beyar (O.H.).
(2) ' to live, to " hang out " ' (O.H.) ; cf. deyar luynog.
deyban, adj., deuben [gelan\.
deyblyg, adj., deublyg, D., s.v. ' duplicate ' : sdrQjo n i Seyblyg,
1 to fall doubled up ' (seldom used).
8o deyd — deynyb
deyd', also du:yd (I.W.), v., dywedyd, D. Fut. S. i. deyda,
dyda ; duyda (O.H.), 3. deydiB, dydi6 ; ddvyd (O.K.). Imp. S. i.
deydun, dydun, 3. deyda; duyda (O.H.). Pret. S. i. deydis,
dydis, 3. deydob, dydob (?ni rydob, O.H.) ; PI. i. deydson, 2.
deydsox-, 3- deydson. Imperative S. 2. du:ad ; duyda (O.H.) ;
PL i. dydun, 2. dydux, deydux, du:x, 'to say, tell': deyd Keluyb,
' to tell a lie ' ; deyd 9 gwi:r, ' to tell the truth ' ; may hi n deyd bo
Xi n edrax 9n wel, ' she says you look better ' ; dydux (dydun) bo xi
wedi gneyd rubaB i mi heibiu, ' say (for example) that you have
done something to me to-day ' ; ma: nu n deyd mai am altro ferwyb
by:b hi, ' they say that it happens (i. e. corns hurt) when the weather
is going to change ' ; mi bey dob o 9 do:y o, ' he said he would
come ' ; ?ni beydif i x^'X^ Sim Kinjo he'ibiu, ' I said you would not
get any dinner to-day ' ; mi bey dob hi zr a: hi, ' she said she would
go ' ; ??iibydifi na vurja hi dim, ' I said it would not rain ' ; / o:yb
hi dim sy gubod be deyda hi, ' she did not know what to say ' ;
be. naun i ond deyd ^ gwi:r a deyd na naun i m ono vo ?, ' what
should I do but tell the truth and say I wouldn't do it ? ' ; deyd uB
ncin am beidjo, ' to tell some one not to ' ; wa:B i mi deyd karag
a Bui na deyd rubaB uB 9 plant ma, ' I might as well speak to a block
of wood (lit. say stone with a hole in it) as speak to these children ' ;
deyd padar uQ berson, ' to teach one's grandmother ' ; zn deyd ar
i beB maur anta, ' swearing hard, " jurant ses grands dieux " ' ; deyd
mu:y, ' to exaggerate ', e. g. rots i sivadan vexan ibo vo hevo Kevn
3 la:u o r hogyn m deyd mu:y (O.H.), ' I struck him lightly with the
back of my hand and the boy exaggerated '. — Imperative, dydux,
du:x at the end of a remark ' -ever, I say, I wonder, let me see ' :
be hary r kaBod, dydux ?> ' whatever is the matter with the cats ? ' ;
pu.y sy na, du;x .p, ' I wonder who is there ? ' ; be 'vsbant n alu z<o,
dydux A ' let me see, what used we to call it ? '
deydrod, s., deudroet, W.B., col. 22. 3, 'feet': Jterbad ar i
beydrody ' to walk ' (as opposed to riding, etc.).
deybag, s. and adj., deuddeg, D., ' twelve ' : deybay njurnod, mi:s,
usnos, waiB.
deybegvad, adj., deuddegfed, D., < twelfth '.
deybyb, s., deuddydd, D., s.v. * biduum ' ; 'two days'.
d'eygant) deykant, s., deucant, D., s.v. 'ducenti '; ' two hundred '.
deynau, adj. and s., deunaw, D., s.v. ' duodeuiginti ' ; 'eighteen,
eighteen pence ' ; genath beynau o:yd.
d'eyiwuvad, adj., deunawfed, D., s.v. ' duodeuicesimanus ' ;
' eighteenth '.
deynyb, s.m., pi. devwbja, defnydd and deunydd, D., ' material '.
[deynyb is the popular form ; devnyb is a word of rather literary
flavour used to translate Eng. ' use ', as gneyd devnyb o hono vo} ' to
make use of it '. So also devm&jo, ' to use '.]
d'eysulj — di:arQ 8 1
deysuU, s., deuswllt, G.O. ii. 138. 30, ( two shillings': pisin
deysult, ' a florin, two shilling piece '.
deyvor, s., deufor, D., s.v. ' bimaris ' = day vo:r in the phrases
Kin haltada heli deyvor \ha:lt\ ; — r o:n i vel deyvor pmarvod, ' I was
all upset '(I. W.).
di:, pron. [/£].
di:-. A negative prefix used with nouns and verbs and rarely
with adjectives. A few of these are given below, but they might
be almost indefinitely extended. The prefix is generally treated as
a separate word bearing full stress. Where this is not the case
the vowel is naturally shortened.
•dirabsan ; dirabsant (O.H.), adj., diabsen, 'not given to
slander' : dy:n 'dirabsant jaun am ne:b.
diadal, s., diadell, D., s.v. ' grex ' ; ' flock ' : ma na ludun dy: wi
mho:b diadal (E.J.), prov., ' there is a black sheep in every family'.
Apparently only in this locution. [The usual word isgyr.J
•diraxos, diachos, D., s.v. * immeritb ' ; ' without cause ' : meltiQ
9n 'diraxos ni da:tt (prov.).
di:al, v., dial, D., 'to take revenge, avenge oneself : arna i: fy:8
o n di:al. Also trans. di:al i li:d, ' to wreak one's vengeance '
(cf. W.B., col. 121. 23) ; di:al y kam, ' to avenge the wrong '.
dialdb, dialedd, D., ' vindicta, vltio ' ; 'a great number ' : may
gdno vo bed dialad o Sevaid ; may gmo vo anive'iljadm dtalad (O.H.).
Cf. Hugh Machno in M.LI. ii. 311. 22 ; G.O. ii. 112. 5.
dialgar, adj., dialgar, C.C.M. 436. 28, 'revengeful'.
'diraj-y, adj., diallu, D., s.v. ' impotens ' ; ' feeble, powerless '.
-diramkan, adj., diamcan, S.E., ' aimless, random '.
di:an, n.pr. : vel di:an (f.) a loli (m.), ' like Dian and Loli '
(Rowland), said of two bosom friends or an affectionate married
couple. (Cf. ' Darby and Joan '.)
•diranav, adj., dianaf, D.G. cci. 9, ' without blemish ' : an ja:x
a -diranav, said of a new-born child ; — wedi eni n 'Si'ranav.
di:ar, dy:ar, di:a, Eng. ' dear ' in ' dear me ! ', etc. : di:ar annul /,
n eno r di:ar /, di:ar ba:^!-, ' dear me !, good gracious !, my word !,
etc.' ; dy:ar annul ! may o m brasgammy n aru /, ' good gracious !
how he strides along ! ' ; di:a ! may r dznas na m dobjo 9 plant m
aru, ' my word ! that woman does beat the children '.
•dt'rardal, v., diarddel (diarddelw), S.E., 'to excommunicate, to
strike off from membership in a chapel '.
di:ar6, adj., dieithr, D., s.v. 'extraneus' ; dierth, D.F. [117] 21 ;
M.LI. i. 209. 4, ' strange ' : dy:n di:arQ, 'stranger ' ; pobol 8i:ar6,
'strangers', term commonly applied to visitors at seaside re-
sorts, etc.
82 •dirasgurn — "dtrdor
'dirasgurn, dirasgun> adj., diasgwrn, S.E., ' weak, feeble ' : dy:n
'dirasgurn.
'diraval, adj., diafael, S.E., ' lazy, averse to work ' : dy:n di:og,
'diraval. Cf. rieif ' o dim gaval mi hi, ' he won't buckle to '.
'dirbaid, adj., dibaid, D., ' continual, without break '.
diban, s.m., pi. dibenjon, diben, D., ' purpose ' : i riu biban, ' for
some purpose ' ; i 8oy0 bibenjon, ' for some wise purpose ' ; appad
3 diban, ' to answer the purpose '.
-dirben, adj., ' empty-headed ' : dy:n 'dirben.
•dtrbeirdrau, adj., di-ben-draw. (i) 'interminable': furna 'di:-
•ben'drau. (2) ' mysterious ' : dy:n ' dirben' drau, ' a man one cannot
" see through " '.
•dirberig, adj., diberigl, P.G.G. 45. 7, 'harmless, innocuous;
safe': ma nu n holol 'Sirberig, 'they are quite harmless', e.g.
patent pills ; — le: -dirberig.
dilin, s.m., dibyn, D. ; dibin, M.LI. i. 116. 14, 'precipice':
mynd, swBjo dros 9 dibin, ' to go, fall over the precipice '; s^rBjo n
dibin dobyn, ' to fall headlong '.
'di'rbluk, adj., ' without pluck, unenterprising '.
'dirbobol, adj., di bobl, 2 Esd. xvi. 26, 'uninhabited, sparsely
inhabited.
adj., diboen, D., 'comfortable, with mind at ease':
wedi du:ad ar i furna m reit 'Sir boy n, ' having made his journey
very comfortably '.
"dirbri:od, adj., dibriod, S.E., ' unmarried '.
dibris, adj., dibris, D., s.v. ' abjectus '. (i) 'wanting in self-
respect ' : paid a bo:d mor dibris arnat ti: dz hy:n, ' do not lose
your self-respect so '. (2) ' reckless ' : r 0:8 o n rhy: Dibris o lawar.
(3) ' careless, not setting value on anything '.
'dirbrif'o, v., dibrisio, D., s.v. ' abjicio ', ' despicio ', etc. ; ' de-
preciate ' : dy:n m 'dirbrif'o i hy-:n, ' a man who has lost his self-
respect ; who has gone to the bad ' ; — also, ' one who is reckless ;
who plunges needlessly into danger '.
'dirbrovjad, adj., dibrofiad, S.E.., ' inexperienced '.
dibuys, adj., dibwys, S.E. (i) 'unimportant, immaterial'. (2)
' with little cause ' : kwyno n bibuys.
'dirdaro, adj., didaro, D.P.O. 38. 3; 79. n, 'unconcerned,
stolid ' = 'di:'gdnnur, 'di:'vattar.
-dirdeimlad, adj., dideimlad, P.G.G. 63. 21, 'unfeeling'.
'dirdor, adj., didorr, D., s.v. ' continuus ' ; ' continuous, without
break '.
'dirdorjad — difommy 83
•dirdorjad, adj., didoriad, G.O. ii. 69. 12, said of one who has
not been ' broken in ' when young, who has always had his own
way, 'rude, unmanageable'.
•dirdramguyft) adj., didramgwydd, D., s.v. ' inocciduus ', ' in-
offensus ' ; 'not easily taking offence ' : dy:n -dirdramguyb.
-dirdrevn, adj., didrefn, B.C. 87. i, 'without order'.
•dirdroi, adj., di-droi, ' that cannot be turned aside ' : dy:n -di:-
'droi.
'dirdrsst, adj., ' untrustworthy '.
diduyl, adj., didwyll, D., ' sincere '.
dtia, adj., didda, W.S. [Wyth out goodes], ' without good ' : dy:n
dt'drug, di8a, ' a nonentity, a man with nothing in him'. Cf. B.C. 95. 28.
•di:-8al, adj., di-ddal, ' unreliable, slippery ' : dy:n -dirdal.
dt'8an, adj., diddan, D., 'amusing, pleasant, entertaining': he:n
gumpeini diftan ydi o, ' he is pleasant company ' ; day 8y:n m 8i'8an
hevo i gih'8, ' two men on pleasant terms with one another '.
diftanux, s., diddanwch, D., ' the quality of being amusing,
pleasant, or entertaining ' : may o n laun didanux-
dt'Sany, v., diddanu, D., ' to comfort ' : may pe:6 ba:x zn i didany
ht, ' a little thing comforts her '.
'dirdarvod, adj., diddarfod, 'unending; that never wears out;
long in finishing ' : may o n 'di."8arvod hevo t gdmuynas (work).
-dirdaun, adj., di-ddawn, D.F. [85] 8, ' not gifted in speech '.
• dirtier bytrwjmab, adj., di-dderbyn-wyneb, ' not given to favour-
itism, not being a respecter of persons '.
•di'rdeyd, adj., di and dywedyd, applied to one whom it is no use
correcting, with whom it is useless to argue : 9 dy:n muya 'dir&eyd
welis i ri-o:yd.
didt'g, adj., diddig, D., ' good-tempered' (often applied to children).
dt'8i'm; 'dtrSi'm (emphatic), adj., diddym, D.; diddim,W.Ll.xciv. 5;
D.P.O. 50. 24 ; di-ddim, P.G.G. 153. 17, ' worthless, insignificant' :
dy:n didim, ' a man with nothing in him ' ; <? dy:n muya -dirbim
welts i rro.yd, ' the most insignificant man I ever saw '.
•di:'bi:olx, adj., diddiolch, S.E., 'thankless'.
•dirbjogi, adj., diddiogi, S.E., ' active ' : may n 8y:n holol 'dirty'ogi.
dz'8os, adj., diddos, D. (i) ' rain-proof, damp-proof ': gneyd le:
m 8i'8os. (2) ' cosy '. (3) 'sober' : dy:n di'8os (O.H.).
diftosi, v., diddosi, D., 'to make rain-proof, damp-proof.
dt'8rug, adj., diddrwg, D.F. [103] n, 'without badness' [dido].
ditommy, v., diddymmu, D., dyddymmu, D., s.v. ' annihilo ' ; ' to
do away with '.
G 2
8 4 'direfaB — dig jo
'direfaB, adj., dieffaith, S.E., ' without effect ' ; ' having lost its
virtue' (e.g. of medicine).
•di:emgu}'3ort adj., diegwyddor, S.E., c unprincipled '.
'direnaid, adj., di-enaid, 2 Esd. iii. 5, ' soulless '.
difad, adj., diffaith, D. (i) of land, ti:r difaB, 'wild, full of
thorns, bogs', etc. (O.H.). (2) 'anything that causes disgust':
he:n hogla dru:g ddi pe:6 difaB (O.H.). (3) * mischievous, bad ' :
dyn difaQ — dy:n dru:g i gurs, dy:n am rieyd short.
-dirfayl, adj., diphael, G.R. 117. 18; diffael, G.O. ii. 184. 5,
' without fail '.
difig, s., diffyg, D., 'defect, insufficiency' : difig treiljad — kam-
dreiljad, ' indigestion ' ; difig anadl, ' scantiness of breath ' ; difig
govol, ' carelessness '.
difod, v., diffodd, D., s.v. 'extinguo'. Fut. i. difotta. Imp. S. i.
difotiun. Pret. S. i. difoltis, difis. PL 3. difodsun. Imperative
difod, difa ; difottu\. ( i ) tr. 'to extinguish, put out ' : difod 9
/amp, 'to put out the lamp'. (2) intr. 'to go out' (of a light or
fire) : ma: r ta:n ivedi difod, ' the fire has gone out' ; — fig. may hi
wcdi difod arno vo, ' he is done for'.
-dirfrut, adj., ' without any " go ", without stamina ' : dy:n • dirfrut
— dy:n 'di."v0wyd, 'dirnerB, di:og.
difruyB, adj., diffrwyth, D., s.v. 'iners', 'flaccidus'; ' limp ',
e.g. of a child asleep : may i vrayx o n ftifruyB, ' he has lost the
use of his arm '.
difigjO) v., diffygio, D., ' to be worn out with fatigue ' : difdgjo
o dan i vayx, ' to sink beneath his burden ' ; mi weiBis nes on i wedi
difdgjo n la:n.
di:g, s., dig, D., ' anger ' : gair i dmny di:g, ' a word to arouse
anger '.
di:g, adj., sup. dikka, dig, D., ' angry ' : dikka n 3 by:d vo: r
Keiljog, kmta n 9 by:d d ka:n o (prov.), ' the angrier a cock is the
sooner he will crow', said of some one who sings to hide his
temper, i.e, dim y kany o x kalon ond dy kany i la:b ar zsbryd.
digalon, adj., digalon, D., s.v. 'iners', ' remissus '. (i) 'down-
hearted, depressed ' : digon kula a digalon, ' rather poorly and
dejected'. (2) 'depressing': may r d0wy§ dn Digalon jaun. (3)
' sad ' : pe:Q digalon.
digalonni, v., digalonni, D., s.v. 'demitto'; 'to make (one)
despair, to dishearten '. Intr. ' to be disheartened '.
'dirges, adj., di and Eng. guess, ' feckless, without ideas ' (as to
how to do a thing) : 9 dy:n muya 'dirges am neyd o welis i ri'o:yd.
-dirgevn, adj., digefn ; C.C.M. 32. 29, 'defenceless'.
digjo, v., digio, D. (i) ' to anger, offend ' : mi digi's hunnu, ' I
•dirgol — 'dirgsxuyn 85
made him angry '. (2) ' to be angry, offended ' : may o wedi digjo.
(3) ' to be tired (of) ' : daxi wedi digjo uB wy:a />, ' are you tired of
eggs ? ' (used facetiously).
•dirgol, adj., digoll ; C.C.M. 90. 24. (i) « without loss ' : tori r
moxyn mor 'dirgol ag sy m bosib, ' to cut up the pig in such a way
as to cause the least possible loss'. (2) 'without defect, without
blemish ' : blokkyn o dy:n solat 'dirgol.
digon, digon, D. (i) s. 'enough': o:ys na digon o bo:b pe:B
-gmoxi ru:an ?, ' have you enough of everything now ? ' ; may digon
0 vi:n arno vo, ' it is sharp enough ' ; vs§a i dim zy klu:ad m da: ond
mi vzba i y klu:ad laun digon, ' I do not hear well, but I hear quite
enough ' ; ar ben i digon, ' in clover '. (2) adv. (a) < enough ' : may
n digon a digalonni y:n, ' it is enough to make one despair ' ; fy>:d
m digon by:an at 9 dc:g} ' it will be soon enough at about ten ' ; mi
vrta n digon am 9x hoydal xi vyndmo, ' it would be as much as your
life is worth to go there '* ; (b) ' rather ' : digon gwantan ddi o, ' he
is in rather a poor state of health ' ; digon legax ; digon gwaryl,
1 so so '.
digonad, s., digonedd, D., s.v. * satias ' ; ' enough, ' sufficiency '.
•dirg0unt, adj., di and Eng. account, (i) 'of no account':
mynd m *§irg0unt gin baub. (2) 'making of no account, setting
no store by ' : m '§irg0unt o i gar/ra, o i blant, o i wraig.
'dirgjBFunfjo, v., di and Eng. account, ' to make no account of, to
set no store by ' : 'dirgewntjo i deyly ; 'dirgeruntjo i hy:n, ' to lose
one's self-respect.' Cf. 'dirbrif'o.
digri, adj., digrif, D., ' funny ' : fom'ra:ig go digri, ' rather funny
Welsh ' ; may o n deyd pe6a digri, ' he says funny things ' ; le: digri
jaun i vytta, ' a funny place to eat in ' ; he:n gradyr digri) ' a funny
old character '.
digul, s., digwyl, D., s.v. 'feralia' (i.e. dydd gwyl) ; digul
dommos, ' St. Thomas's Day ', i.e. Dec. 21.
diguy$>v.t digwyddo, D. (i) 'to happen': ma: n dign§ dn
amal vejy, ' it often happens so ' ; mi diguydod 3 pedwar vynd i r
y:n ty:, ' the four happened to go to the same house '. (2) ' to
expire ' (of time) : ma i amsar wedi diguyd erbyn hyn (O.H.), ' its
time has expired by now '.
•dirgwilib, adj., digywilydd, D. ; digwilidd, D.F. [47] 27,
' shameless ' : mor 'dirgwi/id a pen rha:u, ' as shameless as the iron
of a spade '.
•dirgyro, adj., diguro, S.E., ' which cannot be beaten, excelled '.
'dirgtfro, adj., digyffro, D., s.v. 'inexcitus', 'placidus'; 'not
agitated or excited, placid '.
, adj., di-gychwyn, said of some one who has no ' go '
86 'di:gymuynas — dil
in him, no f grit ', no initiative ; ' feckless ' : mor '
malwan.
•dt:g9'muynas, adj., digymmwynas, G.O. ii. 19. 22, 'unpleasant
(speaking of people) ; selfish '.
-dirgmnig, adj., digynnyg. (i) 'not inclined to offer, to bid'
(e.g. at an auction). (2) 'hesitating, in doubt': m •Kirgmnig
nay o ? gwaiB ai peidjo, ' in doubt as to whether he would do the
work or not ' ; r o:§ o n 'Sirgmnig i n'eyd «? tul. (3) ' undesirable ' :
le: 'dirgmnig jaun, ' a very undesirable situation'.
•dirgmnur, adj., digynnwrf, D., s.v. 'inexcitus', 'mitis', 'placidus' ;
' stolid, unconcerned, indifferent, easy-going, lackadaisical '.
'dirgavri, adj., digyfrif, S.E., 'innumerable, incalculable': riu
bentur 'dirgwri (O.H.).
•dtrhajgar [dyalgar\.
'dirhajys \_dyatys\.
diharab, s.f., pi. diarhebjon, dihareb, D., s.v. ' prouerbium ' ;
' proverb '.
'dirhi:d, adj. (Eng. heed), ' unreliable '.
dihirin, s.m., dihiryn, D., s.v, ' inhonestus ' ; ' scamp, rascal '.
•dirhtf, adj., ' unheeding, reckless, careless ' (I.W.).
-dirhitjo, adj., ' heedless, unheeding ' : r o:S i wraig dn ftirhitjo
o hono vo, ' his wife did not heed him, paid him no heed'.
-dirildjO) adj., di-ildio, ' unyielding '.
dik, ' Dick ': dikfon davyS, i.e. Dick John David, ' snob' (esp.
of a Welshman who, for the sake of ' respectability ', apes English
ways). From a ballad by J. Jones, Glanygors.
dik pennog \bfant\.
dtkra, adj., diccra, D., c cibi parcus ' ; cf. also D., s.v. ' fastidiosus ' ;
(i) 'calm, stolid ' = -dirgmnur, 'dirdaro, -dirvattar. (2) ' slow ' :
may o n bikra hevo i vuyd, ' he plays with his food ' ; — dikra o r
buyd, o i waiQ (O.H.).
diktar, s.m., digter, D., ' anger '.
, s.f., pi. dt'xefjon, dichell, D., ' astuteness, cunning, craftiness' :
dru.-g, ' malicious cunning ' ; — laun o di'xef/on d val (O.H.) ;
—di\cljon luynog (O.H.).
dixelSrug ; di\elrug (O.H.), adj., dichellddrwg, T.N. 207. 12,
' malicious, sly '.
dixelgar, adj., dichellgar, D., ' astute, deceitful '.
dil, s.m., pi. dilja, dil, D. — dil me:l, ' honeycomb ' ; — may r
menyn m magy dilja vel knonod ba:x (]•]•)> meaning 1 ; — as excl. dil
annul /
dilbo — dim 87
dilbo, s.m., term of reproach : 9 dilbo gwirjon ! (O.H.).
'dt."k:s, adj., diles, D., s.v. ' frustra ', ' vacuus ' ; 'good for nothing' :
dy:n 'dirle:s.
•dirlewyrx, adj., dilewyrch, S.E., 'not thriving, not flourishing '
(in appearance or otherwise) : dy:n kry: gweiBgar, dim <>y
gwastrafy, dim puysa plant, ag etto n '§i:'lewyr\— dim by:d m
luybo tdo vo ; hem vyux ar 9 fair m 'dirlewyrx gin 9 porBmon (O.H.).
di'ley, v., dileu, D., ' to do away with ' : di'ley po:b dru:g.
dilidano (JJ.) ; diridano (I.W. ; O.H.), adj., ' pleasant ' : rubaB
dilidano jaun.
dilin, v., dilyn, D. ; dilin, M.LI. i. 140. 23. Fut. dilma. Im-
perative dilin, dilma ; dihnux, ' to follow ' : dilin i alwedigaB, ' to
follow one's calling'; dilin i foladsuyba, orixwiljon, 'to fulfil one's
duties ' ; dilin i waiB, ' to follow one's occupation '.
dilis, in the exp. dilis ku:n, ' sorrel ' (Bangor)- Cf. krentj,
syrans.
dirliu, adj., diliw, S.E.*, 'colourless'.
diljo, v., ? dulio, D., s.v. ' supplodo ' ; 'to speak beside the mark ' :
loljan a diljo.
'dirlol, adj., 'without humbug, without nonsense'; 'without
further ado ' : §ary mi agor 9 dru:s m -^i:lol, ' I opened the door
without further ado '.
dilorni, v., diveiliorni, marginal gloss to ' dirmygy ' in i Tim.
iv. 10 in Salesbury's New Testament (1567), 'to disparage, to
be " down on " ' : may o n dilorni paub = may igorn o dan baub,
may i gorn m nhi;n paub (O.H.).
'di;-{y:n, adj., dilun, S.E., ' untidy, shapeless '.
dilad, s.pl., dillad, D., ' clothes ' ; sing, diledyn, ' garment, article
of dress ' : dilad gwely, ' bed-clothes ' ; ka:l mu:y na lond i Mad, ' to
be too big for one's boots ' ; dilad Ki:g afudin, ' Sunday clothes '.
dim, m (sometimes tim when emphatic), dim, D., — s. ' thing,
anything, (not) . . . anything, nothing ' ; — adj. ' no ' ; — adv. ' not '.
I. ' thing ' in a few expressions, as po:b dim, ' everything ' ;
gora o bo:b dim = gora o:l, ' best of all ' ; ma: Ki:g gavr kdslal a r
y:n dim (O.H.), 'goat's flesh is as good as anything ';— also used
in some phrases to express ' the slightest particle, the slightest
moment, etc.', e.g. i r dim, 'exactly, to a "t"' ; meun dim, (of
time) ' in a moment, in less than no time ' ; (of place) ' within
a hair's breadth ' ; dma vo meun dim i r drol, ' there he was within
a hair's breadth of the cart' ; fig. o:y§ o meun dim i gal i la:8, 'he
was within an ace of being killed'. Hence as substantive, (i)
' anything ' : wel gin i 8im na ka:yl V9 sommi, ' I had rather any-
thing than be disappointed ' ; du i n leikjo hi 3n -uoel na dim, ' I
like it better than anything ' ; wa:6 bo xti wedi kodi am u:yB ar
88 dim
dim r u:ti wedi neyd, ' you might as well have got up at eight for
anything you have done ' ; — so with heb : heb dim, ' without any-
thing ' ; heb awyb gneyt tim, ' without a desire to do anything '.
(2) ' (not) . . . anything, (not) . . . any, nothing ' (cf. French ne . . .
rien) : dim by:d (i. e. dim yn y byd), ' (not) anything in the world,
nothing at all ' ; dim ond, ' (not) anything but, only ' ; / o.yd dim
ar i gzvar o, 'there was nothing ready for him ' ; / o:s dim ly;n dim
arno vo, ' there is no form of anything on it', i. e. ' it is like nothing
at all ', ' it is all wrong ' ; */ qybanu n me§ul am Sim by :d ond am vynd
alan a xadu ri:at, ' they thought of nothing at all but of going out
and making a disturbance'; pe6a nad ddyn m da: i dim, 'things
which are good for nothing ' ; dim amsar i Sim, ' no time for
anything ' ; ma na i ovn nal o:ys na dim, ' I'm afraid there isn't
any ' ; well's i dim fy:d, ' I saw nothing at all ' ; mi vy:d m haus i xi
vytta na dim by:d aral, ' it will be easier for you to eat than any-
thing else ' ; s gini dim ondgro:t, ' I have only fourpence ' ; ne'iB dim
y:n o 'honynu dim ond gado, ' none of them will do anything but
promise ' ; / o:ys na 'dim -ond mynd, ' there is nothing for it but to
go '. (3) followed by o in the form m o, lit. ' anything of, (a) used
after negative verbs to express the logical direct object : welts i m
ono ?:o, ' I did not see him ' ; os na welsox X*' w'-', welis inna m ona
X/Oa, ' if you did not see me, I did not see you ' ; os na welis i: x*-',
welsox X2-' m °na vinna, ' if I did not see you, you did not see me ' ;
wel gin i 9 dru:g 2 gun i na r dru:g nas gun i m ono vo, ' I prefer
the evil I know to the evil I do not know ' ; rhak ovn na 'welaxi
m oni hi m 'vannaku, ' for fear you should not see it there ' ; deyd
pc:B na: deydid o m ono vo zn dx gwynab \i, ' to say something he
will not say before your face, (b) as logical subject of a negative
clause : ne'iB m o hunna xwaM, ' that won't do either '. (c) after the
veib ' to be ' : / o:ys m o r help, ' there is no help for it*. — The
original sense being forgotten, mo is sometimes used pleonastically
after dim, as xe-'s i &'/« mo r hy:d ido vo, ' I did not find it ' ; rois i
di?n mo r grta6 arno vo, ' I did not touch it with the knife '. (4)
standing by itself dim = ' nothing' (so also dim by:d, 'nothing at
all'), e.g. be: s 'gznoxi ? dim, ' what have you got?' ' Nothing '.
(5) without a preceding negative : ' nothing ' : o:ys "gmoxi 'dim ? (dim
strongly emphasized), 'have you nothing? '; mi prjoda i\iam dim,
' I will marry you for nothing ' ; d3\ryn at dim, ' to be frightened at
nothing ' ; dim ond aur vy:om i n dzsgy, ' I only took an hour to
learn '.
II. adjectively (dim is here, properly speaking, a noun followed
by the genitive case), ' not . . . any, no ' — emphasized by adding 911
9 by:d after the noun : / o:ys dim djogi yn i gro:yn o, ' there is no
idleness in him' ; ma: nu n deyd bo:d terwyd rhe:u m jaxax na dim
/0wy§ aral, ' they say that frosty weather is healthier than any (than
is not any) other weather' ; pe'idjo a gneyd dim lol m i gumpas o,
1 to make no nonsense about it ' ; du:ad heb dim plait, ' to bring no
dim — dinistr jol 89
plate ' ; dimforb, ' no road ' ; dy:n a dimfru:t mo vo, ' a man with
no backbone ' ; / o:d 'gsnonu m plant, ' they had no children '. So
in the phrases dim ods, ( no odds, no matter ' ; dim posib (posib
used substantively), ' it is impossible ', as :—dim ods gin z', ' it is all
the same to me ' ; / ydi o m ods, ' it's all the same ' ; / o:ys dim
posib, ' it is not possible ' ; dim posib i ne:b vynd i veun, ' it is
impossible for any one to get in '. Similarly dimym, ' not a single
one ' : r o:y§ gin i lawar jaun o wy:a ond dary dim y:n o 'honynu
8y:or, ' I had a great many eggs but not one of them hatched '.
III. adverb, ' not ' ; (a) in the form dt'm after a negative verb,
' ni(d) ' having disappeared, leaving as its only trace the vocalic or
spirant mutation of the verb, or / if the verb begins with a vowel ;
cf. French ne . . . pas ; / ydi o dim m mynd, ( he is not going ' ;
/ un i dim, (/ z)du i dim zy gubod, ' I don't know ' ; / a: i dim alan
vory, ' I shall not go out to-morrow ' ; vedar o m d^sgy am dim by:d,
' he can't learn for anything' ; neiB o dim kadti dim i>y:d, ' he won't
keep anything'. (b) in the form dim, added for the sake of
emphasis, ' not ... at all ' : wa:6 i \i vo:d m <?x gwely dim, ' you
might every bit as well stop in bed', lit. ' (it is) not worse for you
to be in your bed at all ' ; mi 'foljaxi na doda menyn dim ?n i ge:g o,
' you would think that butter would not melt in his mouth (at all) '.
(c) before other adverbs : dim mor greylon a r geirja, ' not so cruel
as the words would seem to imply ' ; dim n agos Kimmint a v&a,
' not nearly as many as there used to be ' ; dim m wel adi o, ' he is
not better'.
dim, s., dim, R., dim u:y, ' the membrane which surrounds the
inside of an egg-shell ' : Kin dmy:ad a dim u:y (J.J.).
dimbax, Dinbych; Dimbech, C.C.M. 134. 15; 'Denbigh'.
dimma, s.f., pi. dim(e}ya, dimmai, D., ' halfpenny ' : gwerO dimma
— mewad, ' a halfpennyworth ' ; lair rhe:s o binna am dimma, ' three
rows of pins for a halfpenny ' ; su:U a gro:t a dimma, ' one and
fourpence halfpenny '.
-dinab-man (I.W. ; E.J.), -dinad'man (JJ. ; O.H.), adj., dinod and
man (cf. gwynab and gwymmad\ ' out-of-the-way ' : -le: -dinab'man,
' an out-of-the-way place '.
•dirnerQ, adj., dinerth, D., ' weak, lifeless, without " go ", without
stamina '.
dinistr, s., dinystr, D., but dinistr, s.v. ' destructio ' ; dinustr is
the mediaeval form. Cf. Prof. J. Morris Jones in ' Y Beirniad ' for
June, 1912 (p. 124); 'destruction'.
dinistrjo, v., dinystrio, D., but dinistrio, s.v. 'destruo'; dinustrio
is the medigeval form. Cf. dinislr ; * to destroy '.
dinistrjol, adj., dinystriol, D., dinistriol, B.C. n. 3, ' destructive '
(O.H.).
90 diniwad — 'dirovol
diniwad, adj., diniweid, D., ' innocent ' : mor biniwad a r o:yn,
a r glomman.
diniwidruyb, dini'udruyb, s., diniweidrwydd, D., s.v. ' innocentia ' ;
' innocence '.
dinod, adj., 'not marked'; o:yn dinod, ' a lamb which has not
been marked' (O.K.).
•dirno:d, adj., dinod, S.E., ' of no note, not remarkable, obscure ' :
le: 'di:'nod.
o
dtykod, s.pl., dincod, D. (i) 'the pips of an apple' : diykod avol.
(2) pen bydiQ ru:in air go far p uB ru:in aral, ma: nu n deyd bod 9
diykod arno vo (O.H.). Cf. G.R. [195] 19; Jer. xxxi. 29.
di:od, s.f., pi. diodyb, djodyb, diod, D., ' drink ' : ma na i ifo di:od,
' I am thirsty '; fommux bi:od o de:, ' take a drink of tea ' ; — also
for di:od vebwol, ' intoxicating drink ' ; di:od daint 9 je:u, ( dandelion
tea ' ; di:od dail, ' herb beer ' ; di:od vam, ' small beer '.
dt'.-og, adj. (comp. djokkax}, diog, D., ' lazy ' : Kena di:og, ' lazy
rogue ' ; he:n gostog di:og, he:n rabust di:og, hban di:og.
di:olx, s., diolch, D., ' thanks' : di:olx*' di:ol\ i X*, ' thank you ' ;
di:olx 3n vaur i \i, ' thank you very much ' ; di:ol\ am i\i§eyd . . .,
1 thank you for saying . . .'; di:ol\ bo xi wedi du:ad i gi:d ru:an /,
' thank Heaven you have all come now ! ' ; di:ol\ byQ am fanny /,
* thank Heaven for that ! ' ; di:ol\ byQ /, ' hurrah ! ' ; di:olx mairvo: sy
n ixal hi ag nid yvi:, ' I am glad he is getting it and not I ' ; di:ol\
nad b'y§un i mo, ' I am glad I was not there ' ; di:ol\ os rieiQ o,
' I hope he will ' ; di:olx ba:x i \i am weiQjo n wel y xwartar nesa,
1 small thanks to you for working better next quarter ', i. e. 'I dare
say you will '...,' likely enough you will ' ; — With a sense of ' that
will do, that's enough ' : di:olx am bigon o gyro n 3 dru:s /, ' I hope
you've knocked at the door enough ! '
di:olx, v.? diolch, D., ' to thank ' : bary o di?n Kimmint a di:olx i mi
am bu:ad a r Savod, ' he did not as much as thank me for bringing
the sheep '.
'dirolug, adj., diolwg, D.G. xviii. 36. (i) ' plain, insignificant ' :
dr hogyn muya 'dirolug 9n ar 9sgol, ( the plainest boy in the school '.
(2) k of unpleasant appearance': bar a 'dirolug, 'an'bgys. (3)
' unpromising, without prospect ' : may n -birolug jaun am derwyb
da: ; may hi n edrax ?n 'birolug, ' it looks unpromising '.
'diros, adj., di-os, D., s.v. ' indubitanter ' ; 'without doubt':
m 'Sir os.
•di.'o'valux, s.m., diofalwch, D., ' negligence, carelessness '.
'dirovol, adj., diofal, D. (i) 'negligent, careless'. (2) ' safe ' :
may n 'birovol i ni vyndfor na, ' it is safe for us to go that way ' ;
•dirovol 9dt dim (prov.), 'there is security in not possessing anything'.
'dirraty'o — 'dirsail 9 1
-dirraty'o, v., diraddio, D., < to speak evil of, run down, decry '.
-dirra:s, adj., di-ras, C.C. (ed. 1776) 38. 24, ' graceless' : 3 krjadyr
muya 'dirra:s welis i rro:yd. Cf. Sian Robert gadd golled go gas,
Sef dwyn ei cheiniogwerth o snisin, Gwnaeth hyn iddi regi'n
ddi-ras. C. — ' Marchnad Ca'rnarfon '.
•dirresum, adj., direswn, D., s.v. ' absurdus ' ; ' absurd '.
dirgal, adj., dirgel, D., ' secluded, secret ' : le: dirgal, ' a secluded
spot ' ; gn'e'yd pe:B m Sirgal, 'to do a thing in secret ' ; mynd i r
dirgal i beyd peB, ' to go to a private spot to say something '.
dirgelux, s.m., dirgelwch, D., ' mystery ' : dma r dirgelux, ' that's
the strange thing about it ' ; may hynna n dirgelux holol i mi syt
9 hmmoft hi o wi'o.yd, * it's a perfect mystery to me how she ever
took him '.
diridus [dridus].
'dirriujo, v., dirywio, D., s.v. 'degenero'; 'to degenerate, come
down in the world ' = mynd i laur. Also trans. : 'dirriujo i hy:n,
' to degrade oneself.
'dt:ri'vedi, s., dirifedi, D., s.v. ' innumerabilitas ' ; 'an immense
number': ma na '§i:ri'vedi o 'honynu. Also used adjectively,
* innumerable '.
di'rjo, v., durio, D., ' to point (horse-shoes) with steel in time of
frost to prevent slipping ' : dirjo p^dola.
dirmig, s., dirmyg, D. ; dirmig, G.R. 57. 9, 'contempt' : gosod
dirmig arno vo, ' to show contempt for him '.
di'rnad, v., dirnad, D., ' to imagine, guess ' : r oyhun i n me&y
dirnadpa: adag o.yS hi, ' I had no idea what time it was ' ; ma na
le i Dirnad bo:d . . . , ' one might imagine that . . . '.
•dirrodras, adj., dirodres, D., s,v. ' inambitiosus ' ; ' unassuming '.
'Airraid, adj., di and rhoi, ' stingy '.
-dirro:l, adj., ' unruly '.
'dirrym, adj., dirym, D., s.v. ' ignavus ' ; ' without force ' : r 0:8
d gzvraQ wedi mynd dn 'dirrym, ' the law had become a dead letter '.
dirwin, dirun, v., dirwyn, D., 'to wind ' : dirwin davaS, ' to
wind a skein '. Also intrans. : dirwin i ben, dirwin i r pen, ' to
come to an end '.
-dim&yd, adj., dirybudd, D., s.v. 'subitus'; 'without warning,
sudden '.
•dirnmmy, v., dirymmu, S.E., ' to nullify '.
'dirsail, adj., di-sail, D.P.O. 205. 30, 'without foundation':
he:n stry:on 'dirsail, ' groundless stories '.
92 'di:'se:l — 'dr:so:n
'dirse:l, adj., di and sel (zeal), c slack ' (at work) : bo:d dn 'dirse:l
— leysy i 8ylo.
•dirserx, adj., di-serch, 2 Tim. iii. 3, ' unattractive '.
disgin, v., disgyn, D. Fut. S. 3. sgmniQ. Pret. S. 3. sgmno§.
PI. 3. sganson. Imperative, disgin ; sgmnux. (i) ' to descend,
alight ', e. g. from a train or carriage. (2) ' to fall ', generally of
things : ma: r gorjad wedi disgin i dro:yd 9 gadar, ' the key has
fallen to the foot of the chair ' ; ma: r dail m disgin,, ' the leaves
are falling ' ; may o n disgin i u le: bo:b kmnig, ' it drops into its
place every time ' ; du:r dn disgin i laur ag an troi vel troxjon,
1 water falling and seething with foam ' (lit. like soap-suds) ; — also
of persons : mi sgmnob ar i wynab, ' he fell on his face '.
disglar, adj., disglair, D. (i) 'bright': gola disglar. (2)
' comely ' : dy:n disglar = gla:n i wymmada igorf dJiappad(O.Y{.^.
Also ty: disglar •, etc.
disgleirjo, v., disgleirio, D., ' to glitter ', e. g. of water in the
sunshine.
disgul, disgwil, v., disgwyl, D., s.v. ' expecto ' ; disgwil, B.C.
32. 31 ; M.LI. i. 6. 9, etc. ; P.G.G. 2. 9 and passim. Fut.
(di)sgwilja. (i) 'to expect': du i n disgul an aru, 'I quite
expect ' ; r by§un i n disgul hi §o:y a heibju, ' I was expecting her
yesterday and to-day ' ; / oybun i dim dn disgul vasun i n d ty: mor
vy:an, ' I didn't expect to be back so soon ' ; rhaid i xi weitjad :
r ddu i n i bisgul o bo:b mynyd, ' you must wait : I am expecting him
every minute ' ; dn disgul sn foval am b6yr, ' anxiously expecting
a letter ' ; ma: gryfy§ dgo:s dn disgul Kiu ba:x o r gasag na, ' G. J.
is expecting a foal from that mare ' ; puy daxi n disgul i r ru:m
??ia ?, ' whom are you expecting in this room ? ' ; mi vasun i n
disgul rubaB mgenax na hsnny o'ruQaxi, ' I should have expected
something better than that from you'. (2) 'to wait (for)': mi
Sisgivilja i -uOaxi, ' I will wait for you '. (3) ' to hope (for) ' :
disgul am amsar givel, ' to hope for better days '. — Used sub-
stantively : ?na na Disgul maur oruQo vo, ' there are great expectations
about him '.
•dirsgurs, adj., ' taciturn '.
disgwiljad, s.m., disgwyliad, D., s.v. ' expectatio ' ; ( expectation ' :
hevo disgwiliad = hevo gobaiO, ' I hope so ' ; mi 'SeyBoxi alan vefy
dn wel na r disgwiljad, ' so things turned out for you better than
you expected '.
disgdbly, v., disgyblu, ' to discipline, exercise control ; excom-
municate (from a chapel) ' : if'o disgdbly d bobol, ' the people must
be disciplined ' ; ne:b dn disgdbly dim, ' no one exercising any
control ' ; — meOy disgdbly i vebul.
•dirso:n, adj., dison, R., ' not spoken of : a:6 m 'di'rso:n am dano
wedyn, ' nothing was heard of him afterwards ' ; also in good
distau — ditla 93
sense : dy:n 'dirso:n am dano, ' a man against whom there is
nothing to be said '.
distau, adj., distaw, D., ' quiet, still, silent ' : Kin bistawad a
Igodan, ' as quiet as a mouse ' ; r 0:8 9n dis/au bora kmta, ' it (the
weather) was still the first thing this morning ' ; niul tu:yl, distau,
' a thick, still mist ' ; ma: r van ma n le: reit bistau, 'this°is a very
quiet place ' ; 0:8 o n reit Distau ar hmny, ' he was very quiet about
that matter' ; riu so:n distau am rubaO, ' a whispered rumour about
something ' ; klyun hi n agor 9 fenast 3n disfou, 'I heard her opening
the window quietly ' ; m distau 6a:x, ' silently '.
distewij v., distewi, D., ' to be silent '.
distil, s., distyll, D., ' ebb-tide ' : may r lanu ar Sisfil, ' the tide is
ebbing ' ; pry:d ma: r du:r an mynd 3n Distil P, ' when does the tide
go down ? ' ; may hi n dish'!, ' it is low tide '.
distin, s.m., pi. distja, cf. dist, D., s.v. 'tignum'; 'beam', e.g.
one of those supporting the planks of a floor.
dist0uruy§, s.m., distawrwydd, D., ' silence '.
distriu, s., distriw, S.G. 302. 7 ; distryw, D., ' destruction '.
(Scarcely colloquial. Cf. dinistr.)
distriujo, v., distrywio, D., 'to destroy'. (Scarcely colloquial.
Cf. dinistrjo, diva.)
'dirstymmog, adj., di and stumog, ' without appetite '.
distarlyd, adj., diystyrllyd, S.E., ' apt to disparage, contemptuous,
disrespectful ; disparaging ' : farad dn bisterlyd, ' to speak dis-
paragingly '.
distdrux, s., diystyrwch, D. ; distyrwch, G.R. [112] 18, 'con-
tempt, disrespect'.
distdry, v., diystyru, D. (i) 'to treat with disrespect'. (2) 'to
pass by (some one) pretending not to know him, to cut '. (3) ' to
show disfavour towards ' : ta:d m distary y:n o i blant.
'dirsutta, adj., diswtta, D., s.v. ' desubito ', ' improvise ', ' subito ' ;
'sudden, abrupt ' : mi: a:6 ifurb m -Sirsutta (= suttd].
'dirsylu, adj., disylw, S.E., 'not remarkable, insignificant, not
attracting attention ' : le: 'di:-no:d, 'dirsylu ; — rubad -dirsylu ddi o,
' he is a man of no presence '.
•dirsyt, adj., disut, S.E.*, 'without tidiness or order'.
-dirsdlwab, adj., disylwedd, S.E., ' without substance '. Applied
to one who has ' nothing in him ', ' no good stuff in him ' : plant
'dirszlwab.
dif'a, s.pl., dis, D.; disieu, W.S. ; B.C. 23. 15, 'dice'.
'dirfa:p, adj., ' shapeless '.
ditta, s.pl., ' dribblings from the mouth ' (= tida).
94
dittal — divir
dittal \iikkai\.
diitan, s., titen, W.S. ; diden, D., s.v. ' mamma ', ' ruma ', ' rumis ' ;
' teat ' (= te:B\
ditlu, s.f. Cf. fy nitw, C.L.C. ii. 13. 17 (i.e. 'my pussy'), ditiu
dommos la:s, ' torn-tit ' (Parus coeruleus).
diujol, adj., duwiol, D., ' godly '.
diva, v., difa, D., 'to destroy ' : may r gwniyod wedi diva lawar
faun o r knu:d, 'the rabbits have destroyed a great deal of the
crops '.
•dirvai, adj., difai, D. (i) 'without fault': Kefyl 'dirvai ddi o.
(2) ' good enough ' : may n '^irvai z'8o vo, ' it is good enough for
him ' ; or, more emphatically, may n -birvai i u SannaS ; — o.yd 9n
•dirvai enu ami hi, ' it was a very good name for her '.
•dirvaxy, adj., di and bachu, ' slack (in working) ' : dy:n -dirvaxy,
' a man who cannot be induced to stick to anything ' — dim ius
i vaxy o, weiQiQ o dim.
•dirvalas, adj., difalais, I.G. 230 [59], 'innocent, well-intentioned'.
diva/x, adj., difalch, L.G.C. 76. i; B.C. 15. 9, 'unassuming':
da\i wedi bo:d mor divalx a bytta hevo mi.
•dirvantas, adj., difantais, S.E.*, ' unprofitable '.
divar, adj., edifar, D., in the phrase may n divar gin i, 'I am
sorry, I regret' : may n divar gin i -hy:d 9r 'aur 'hon, ' I regret it
to this very hour '. Also with /': fy:d m divar i ti, ' you'll be sorry
for it '.
'di:va'terux, s.., difaterwch, T.N. 285. 26, 'apathy, indifference;
carelessness '.
-dirvattar, adj., difatter, B.C. 62. 4; P.G.G. 26. 12, etc.,
' apathetic, unconcerned, stolid, indifferent, unperturbed '. Cf.
•dirgmnur, 'dirdaro, 'dirgzfro, -dirveind.
•dirvedar, adj., difedr, S.E., ' incapable '.
'di:-7)e$ul, adj., difeddwl, S.E. (i) 'without thinking': neyd o n
-dt'rvedul bary mi, 'I did it without thinking'. (2) 'indifferent,
casual ' : peidju\ a bo:d mor 'Sirvebul, ' give your mind to it ',
1 don't be so casual '.
'dirveind, adj., di and Eng. mind, said of a worthless, devil-may-
care individual — m meindjo dim dn ne:b.
•dirveys, adj., difeius, Eph. v. 27, ' faultless ' : dy:n 'dirveys (O.K.).
-dirvi:n, adj., difin, D., s.v. 'retusus'; 'blunt'.
divir, adj., difyr, D. ; difir, P.G.G. n. 10, 'pleasant, amusing,
entertaining ' : sgurs divir, ' entertaining conversation ' ; y:n divir
jaun i wrando arno vo, l one who is very interesting to listen to ' ;
h: divir i blant, ' a nice place for children '.
divja — divsrux 9 5
divja, s., difiau pro Dydd lau, D. ; D.G. xxxiv. n ; cxxix. 15,
1 Thursday ' : divja 3 drzxaval, ' Ascension Day '.
divlanny, v., diflannu, D., 'to vanish ' : mi dtvlannod o yolug i.
divlas, adj., diflas, C.C. 453. 13 ; B.C. 26. 13, 'dry, uninteresting':
przgeQur divlas, ' a dry preacher ' ; le; divlas, ' a nasty, uninteresting
place '.
-di:-vla:s, adj., diflas, D., « tasteless ' : Ki:g -dirvla:s — mervad.
divlastod, s., diflasdod, S.E., 'coarse language ': paid a farad
divlastod 'an'wedys.
divlasy, v., diflasu, D. (i) tr. 'to disgust': may n bigon a
divlasy ru:in, 'it is enough to disgust any one'. (2) intr. ' to be
tired of ' : du i wedi divlasy arno vo, ' I am tired of it '.
divlin, adj., diflin, D., s.v. ' infatigabilis ' ; ' untiring '.
-dirvlino, v., diflino, ' to rest ' : stebux i 'dirvlino.
'dirvodi, v., difodi, S.E., ' to do away with by removing, breaking
to pieces, etc.' : -dirvodi 9sgol o r pluy, ( to do away with a school
from the parish ' ; 'dirvodi po:b pe:B sy y grieyd dru:g.
'di'v0wyd, adj., difywyd, D., s.v. ' inanimatus ' ; ' lifeless, in-
animate '.
divrau, adj., difraw, D.F. [n] i, 4 ; Isaiah xxxii. 10, 'fearless,
cool, indifferent ' : dy:n dz'vrau, ' a cool customer '.
divri, adj., difrif, D., 'serious': o: §ivri (cf. B.C. 28. 21), o:
bivri kalon, ' seriously ' ; ma: r ta:n wedi kmna o: divri ru:an, ' the
fire has burnt up properly now ' ; rhaid i xi vo:d uBi o: divri, ' you
must set to in earnest ' ; daxi n mynd alan o: divri kalon bo:b dy:8,
1 you make a point of going out every day ' ; zdi o n sais o: divri
kalon ?, ' is he a real Englishman ? '
divrivol, adj., difrifol, D., s.v. ' tantopere ' ; ' serious ' : farad m
divnvol, « to speak seriously' ; r o:d o n Sivrivol aryQrol wnna, i it (the
storm) was extremely serious here ', ' it was a terrible state of
things here '.
divrod, s.m., difrawd, D., ' destruction ', e.g. of property by a
storm : mi na:B 9 gla:u divrod maur, ' the rain made great havoc '.
divrodi, v., difrodi, D., ' to work havoc upon ' : r o:d ar haid wedi
kayl i Divrodi n dexrmfyd.
'dirvulx, adj., diuwlch, M.A. i. 3893. 5, 'without flaw' (of
persons or things) : fomerfad 'dirvu/x, ' a flawless character '.
-di;-vy:d, adj., difudd, D., s.v. ' inutilis ' ; ' unprofitable ' : prmny
pe:B 'dirvy:d.
'dirvmad, adj., diamynedd, D.G. ccxv. 49, ' impatient '.
zrux, s., difyrrwch, D.5 ' amusement '.
96 divsry — dja:n
divsry, v., difyrru, D., ' to amuse ' ; ' to take pleasure in ' :
i n divsry hevo r peBa na (O.H.).
-dirvytta, adj., di and bwytta, 'without appetite'.
diwaft, s.m., diwedd, D., ' end ' (in the immaterial, abstract
sense) : dn ? diwad, ' in the end ' ; diwab 9 mi:s ; mi 8a:u diwab
9 ly:d tok, ' the end of the world will come soon ' ; o r diwaS, ' at
last'. — As exclamation, euph. for dyu; in this sense, often pro-
nounced dywad: diwad (dywaB) annul!
•di:w&hanja6, adj., diwahaniaeth, T.N. 107. 17, 'without dis-
tinction ' : may o m p^3geBy hevo paub dn '§i:wa'hanja6 ; may dyu m
rhoid i baub dn 'bi:wa~hanja6.
•dirwaiB, adj., diwaith, Isaiah xxxii. 9. (i) 'unemployed':
du in '8t."wai& er s talumjaun. (2) Mazy, averse to work': syt
dy:n o:d o ? r o:y§ o n holol 'dirwaiO.
-/ o
'dirwal, adj., diwall, R., ' without imperfection ' : dy:n truybo
•dirwal.
di'wedar, adj., diweddar, D., Mate' : vala diweftar, Mate apples ' ;
,m diwedar, ' lately ' (but kodi n hu.yr, ' to get up late ').
diwety, v., diweddu, D., ' to end '.
-diriuenwyn, adj., diwenwyn, S.E.*, ' not jealous '.
'di:wer6, adj., diwerth, S.E., 'worthless'.
•dirweylod, adj., di-waelod, Rev. xx. i. (i) ' bottomless ' : mor
a pul Keris (cf. dyvii). (2) ' unprincipled '.
diwid, adj., diwyd, D. ; diwid, P.G.G. 42. 16; 43. 9; 105. 15,
' industrious'.
diwidruyb, s.m., diwydrwydd, D., 'industry',
diwigjad, s.m., diwygiad, D., s.v. ' correctio J. (i) 'a (religious)
revival': kodi diwigjad, 'to start a revival'. (2) 'conversion' (in
religious sense) : ka:yl diwigjad, ' to be converted '.
'dirwreity'o, v., diwreiddio, D., ' to uproot '.
'diwmadvarO, adj., diymadferth, D., s.v. ' iners ' ; ' helpless ',
e.g. of an infant.
, adj., diymddiried, S.E., ' unreliable '.
, adj., diysbryd, D., s.v. ' excors, iners ' ; ' spiritless ' :
dy:n 'di:'dsbryd, ' a man with no " go " in him '.
djagan : mm djagan if, expletive.
djail, euph. for djaul : djail a m pi: ! pu:y 0:8 ?no ond 9>vo: ; —
djail i!
djaist: djaist a minnaf, mm djaist tif, expletives.
dja:n, expletive, ' upon my word ! '
djaux — dle:d 97
djaux, expletive, euph. for djaul
djaul, s.m., pi. djerulad, diawl, D., s.v. < diabolus ' ; ' devil ' :
djaul a m sgybo t f, ' the devil snatch me ! ' ; djaul a i jlamjo vo ! ; —
un i dim be djaul s arno vo, ' I don't know what the devil is the matter
with him' ; nid in hi:r 9 Keidu r djaul i wa:s (prov.), ' the devil does
not long preserve his dupe ' ; ayalpenforft, djaul pen pentan (prov.),
said of one whose pleasant manners are only seen away from home ;
may o vel djaul dan garag, ' he is continually nagging, grumbling ' ;
xwara te:g i r djaul (prov.), ' the devil is not so black as he is
painted ' ; rhuy 9 djaul a i gum/on, ' between the devil and the deep
sea ' ; ba:u djaul, ' asafoetida '.
djaust, expletive, diawst, T.N. 115. 27: djausi gwy:U ! be n:ti
wedi grie'yd vel hyn ?
djo8a, v., dioddef, D. Pret. S. 3. djodo8, ' to bear, endure, suffer ' :
vedra i 8i'm djofta nu, ' I can't bear them ' ; •/ qyftanu 8im m djoba
if'o, ' they used not to suffer want ' ; may n we/ djo8a po:b pe:&, ' it
is better to put up with anything ' ; du i wedi djoba lawar jaun oruQ
vanno8, ' I have suffered a great deal from toothache '.
djoftevgar, adj., dioddefgar, D. (i) ' patient, not yielding to pain ' :
ma: rhei m tyxan pen -vidanu wedi brivo, a rhei m vu:y djobevgar,
1 some complain when they are hurt and some are more enduring ' .
(2) of stone, etc. * workable, not breaking when worked '. Opp.
farp.
djogal, adj., diogel, D., ' safe '.
djogi, s.m., diogi, D., ' laziness ' : / o:ys na 8im djogi n i groyn o,
' there is no laziness in him '.
djogi, v., diogi, D., ' to be lazy '.
djogyn, s.m., diogyn, O.P., ' a lazy fellow '.
djolxgar, adj., diolchgar, D., ' thankful ' : rhaid i ni vod m
ty'olxgar am dam' hi\ ' we must be thankful for it '.
djolxgarux, s.m., diolchgarwch, D., ' thankfulness, thanksgiving ' :
kwarvod djolxgarux, ' harvest thanksgiving service '.
djom, s.m., daioni, D. ; cf. d'ioni, T.N. 163. 40, 'good': mi
nei& o 8Jom' maur, ' it will do a great deal of good ' ; wa:y6 be di o
os 3di y gneyd djoni i xi, ' it doesn't matter what it is so long as it
does you good ' ; vy:o rro:yd dru:g na vy:o n 8joni i ru:in (prov.),
' it is an ill wind that blows no one any good ' .
djotta, vv diotta, D., ' to tipple ' : may o n djotta ar z muya.
dj0uledig, adj., diawledig, C.C.M. 199. 10, 'devilish '.
dj0uljo, v., diawlio, T.N. 222. 1 1 , * to swear ' : m rhegi ag zn djvuljo,
1 cursing and swearing ' . Said of human beings and of cats.
dle:dt drtad, s.f., pi. dledjon, dzledjon, dyled, dyled, died, dylyed, D. ;
died, B.C. 83. 19 ; M.LI. i. 143. 23. (i) 'debt' : taly i teledjon,
9 8 dledog — dol&elan
' to pay one's debts ' ; mynd i dtfad, ' to get into debt ' ; may o n
sup o dle:d, ' he is over head and ears in debt '. (2) ' obligation ' :
tmny x* i fo/ad, ( to put you under an obligation ' ; / o:s na dim
dzlad arna i, ' I am under no obligation '.
dledog, adj., dyledog, D., ' in debt ' : rhei dledog ovnaduy 'ddynu,
' they are fearfully in debt '.
do:, adv., do, D., ' yes ' : after verbs in the preterite or perfect
tense, as "welsoxi o ? (bary xiweld o ?) do:, na: do:, ' did you see him ?
Yes '. ' No '. daxi wedi weld o ? do: (or adit), ' have you seen him ?
Yes ' ; mi'gwelsoxi o, n do: ? (n to: ?), ' you saw him, didn't you ? '
dob, s., ' lot ' : mi danna i dob pu:y eid i u wely gmta, ' I will draw
lots to see who goes to bed first '.
dolifo, dgobjo, v., dobio, T.N. 282. i. Eng. (Dial.) dob [' to strike ;
to give a blow', s.Not. ; 'to throw stones, etc., at a mark', w.Yks.,
s.Ches., Nhp., Cor.], ' to beat, strike ' ; ' to squash ' ; fig. ' to hammer
in ' : di:ar ! ma:y r fonas na n dobjo 9 plant ^n aru /, ' my word !
that woman does beat her children ! ' ; mi dob if o afastun, ' I beat
him with a stick ' ; dobjo hgod a x^rig, ' to throw stones at mice ' ;
•ma: r gla:u m dobjo ar 9 gwynab, ' the rain beats upon the face '.
dolyn [dibin\.
dodran, s.m., dodrefn, D., ' furniture ' : dodrevnyn, dodrenyn, ' a
single piece of furniture '.
doduy, dvduy, dzdiiy ; dzduyb (E.J.), v., dodwy, D., ' to lay (eggs) '.
doidinab, s.m., doethineb, D., ' wisdom '.
dokkyn, s. \tokky ';/].
do&for,s.m.,pl. doktorja(i)d, doctor, W.LI. xx. n, dokdor, v. 35,
' doctor '.
doktoras, s.f., pi. doktoresa, ( female doctor ' : may hi n dippin o
toktoras.
dol, s.f., ' doll '. Also babi dol.
do:/, s.f., pi. doly§, dol, D., ' a level field in a low-lying valley '.
do/an, s.f., pi. dolenna, dolen, D., ' link, loop ' : darn o heyarn an
fyrvjo dolan (J.J.), ' a piece of iron forming a link ' ; phgy n Solan,
( to bend into a link ' ; dolan le: i Ia:u, ' a loop to catch hold of ;
dolan redag, ' noose '.
dolan, s.f., pi. dolenna, dlenna, dolenni, dalennt, dolen llyfyr, W.S. ;
dolennau D.F. [120] 26. 28 ; dalen, D. s.v. « pagina ', ' leaf of a book,
page ' : troi r Man, ' to turn over the leaf ; tori dlenna, ' to tear
out pa^es ' ; rhigo dolan, i to tear a page ' ; — in speaking of clover,
etc. ; d'eilan bedar dolan, c four-leaved '.
doldelan, Dolwyddelan.
dolennog
^ dolennog, adj., dolennog, D., s.v. « sinuosus ' ; ' winding ' (of a
river) : avon Dolennog.
dolig, mdolig, s.f., Nadolig, D., ' Christmas ' : ty: a dolig, 'about
Christmas time ' ; dolig lawan a bluytyn newyb 8a: i xt\ ' a Merry
Christmas and a Happy New Year to you ' ; no:s dolig, ' Christmas
Eve ' ; ky:f dolig, < yule log' ; mi 7,>r:d dolig m <?r ha: Kin Hei di
o, ( you won't get it till the Greek calends ' ; gwilja mdolig, ' Christ-
mas holidays '.
dolirjo, v., dolurio, D., ' to wound ', generally in fig. sense : dolirjo
i teimlada, ' to wound their feelings '.
dolyr, s.m., pi. dolirja, dolur, D., 'wound, hurt' = briu: — gcif
i bo:yn garu oruQ 9 dolyr, ' I had great pain from the wound ' ;
paub a i vy:s le bo: i 8o/yr (prov. exp.), ' each man knows where the
shoe pinches in his own case ' ; dolyr di:arB, said of something
which will not heal, e.g. an ulcer.
dondjo, v., dondio, T.N. 46. 27, 'to scold ' = durdjo. [J.J. always
used dondjo, E.J. durdjo — ' equally common ', O.H.] ; may mam ;>i
dondjo n aru, ' mother is scolding terribly '.
donjol, adj., doniol, T.N. 118. 15. (i) 'funny, amusing': )•.-//
donjol sdi o, ' he is a funny, amusing man ' ; fadur donjol, ' a witty,
amusing speaker '. (2) ' gifted in speech ' : pr^geOur donjol,
do:r s.f., dor, D., in old-fashioned cottages ' the inner of two
doors, the outer one of which (rhagbor) is half the height of the
door '.
dormax, s., ? torrmach, D., s.v. ' vadimonium ' ; — u:ti n dormax
arna i, ' you are a burden to me ' (m 9x gwasgy xi ruvob — m rhoi
bayx 'arnoxi o hy:d] — O.H.
do/jo, v., dotio, W.S. [Dote]; M.LL i. 207. 24 ; 264. i ; dottio,
C.C. 12. 23. (i) 'to dote ' : du i n doijo •aftynu (E.J.), ' I am very
fond of them'. (2) 'to be astonished (at), taken (by)': dotjo at
Smas hard, dotjo at i glendid hi = smny (O.H.).
'd0u'dmi, adv., ' slowly, at one's ease ' : mynd 'd0u'd0u = mynd.
linkyn loykyn, ' to go jogging along ' ; mi &ois m '§0u'd0u o r van a
r van.
d0uka, duka, dukar, Eng. (Dial.) doucker, douker, i.e. ' ducker,
diver ', in bili d0uka, ' razor-bill ' (Alca torda).
d0ukjo, d0ukjan, v., dowkio, W.S. [douke], Eng. (Dial.) douck,
douk, dowk [to dive, plunge under water], (i) ' to duck ' (of ducks,
geese, etc.). (2) 'to bob up and down ', e. g. while bathing; of
boats in rough weather ; or of a horse walking in an unnatural way.
(3) 'to dive ' : mi detuKifi i r mo:r.
d0ukva, s.f., 'a ducking, wetting' (I.W.).
d0uxal, v., dymchwelyd, D. s.v. ' euerto'; 'to pour down ' — pistil) o
i laur. Cf. damxyoal.
H 2
ioo dvunsrag — draxt jo
daunsrag, s.f., dawns wraig, S.E., ' dancer '.
d0unf'o, v., dawnsio, D., « to dance.'
dyunfur, s.m., dawnsivvr, T.N. 345. 16, ' dancer'.
djvunys, adj., dawnus, D.G. ccxli. 39, ' gifted in speech '.
do:v, adj., pi. dovjon, dof, D., ' tame ' : kadu nu n bovjon, ' to keep
them tarne '.
dovi, v., dofi, D. (i) tr. ' to tame ' : dovianivalgwydt, ' to tame a
wild animal' ; dovi arno vo dippin, ' to tame him a little '. (2) intr.
' to become tame '.
do:y, adv. and s. (generally do.y], doe, D., * yesterday ' : / ddu i dim
wedi mcgy 8o.y, ' I wasn't born yesterday ' ; mi 'roisoxi§o:y i r brenin,
' you got nothing done yesterday ' ; he'&ju a do:y, ' to-day and
yesterday '.
do:y6, adj., comp. duryQax, doeth, D., ' wise',
drabja, s.pl. Eng. (Dial.) drab [small quantity], Yks., Chs.,
' pieces ' : maly n drabja ylu, ( to chop into bits ' ; drabja Kiljon (O.H.
in speaking of bacon), ' thin slices '.
drabjo, v., 'to pull to pieces', lit. and fig., e.g. drabjo dilad,
hmerjad. In shearing drabjo is to tear the fleece by working
clumsily (O.H.).
drag, s.f. ; may o wedi mynd i r brag (dros i ben}, ' he has made
a grave mistake (and so done himself an injury) '. O.H.
drag jo, v., dragio, W.S. [Rente]; D., ' lacerare, dilaniare ' ; 'to
pull to pieces, tear, spoil ', e. g. ' clothes ' : p'eidjux a lavnjo xgili§ a
dragjo x dilad \ (fig.) dragjo i hv:n, ' to do oneself a (moral) injury '.
Also ' to drag ', e. g. dragjo trol O.H. (but Jysgo drain, Kerig, sle:d,
etc.).
drain, s.pl., sing, drayn, m., dreynan, f., draen, D., ' thorns ' :
drain dy:on, ' black thorn ' ; drain gunjon, ( white thorn ' ; drain
mor§y:on = drain meri, * brambles ' ; bvny hevo drain a briga bedu,
' to harrow with thorns and birch-twigs ' ; klaub drain, ' thorn
hedge ' (used for the sake of distinction since klauft = ' hedge ' and
' wall of loose stones ') ; tavly i enaid ar 9 drain, l to be on thorns '.
drey nan is generally ' a thorn-bush ', ' a branch of thorn '. — drain
gwynab (sing, dreynan wynab), ' sort of pimples on the face, out of
which, when pressed, a kind of worm-shaped matter issues '. Cf.
D. gwraint, sing, gwreinyn, ' vermiculus ', etc.
dra:x, prep., drach, D., ' over ', only in dra:x * tthevn, dra:x i gevn,
etc., as in edrax dra:x i gevn, ' to look over one's shoulder '.
drax?, ?.m., dracht, T.N. 115. 25, 'draught, drink': uti wedi
kayl di:od m aru ? na:, xe:s i §im ond y:n draxt ; — draxt o di:od.
draxfjo, v., drachtio, ' to drink ' : paid a dra\tjo r levriB na, vj:d
na dim i ni i de:.
drapja — dridus \ o i
drapja, inter]., Eng. (Dial.) drab, s.Lin., Dev., only in drapja vo
(ynwaB)!, 'drat it!'
dratja, interj., only in dratja vo (ymvaB} /, ' drat it ! '
dra:u, adv., draw, D., s.v. ' ultra '; 'yonder': pel dra:u, 'far
away over there ' ; 3 mhen dra:u r by:d, ' at the end of the world ' ;
m ne:s dra:u, ' further on ' ; kadu dra:u, ' to keep off ' ; truybo dra:u,
' through and through ' ; ty: dra:u i, ' beyond ' ; / beniir "a dra:u, ' to
Pentir and beyond '.
dreidi, s.m., direidi, D., ' mischievousness ' : dreidi dru:g, dreidi
'di'niwad.
dreigja, s.pl., dreigiau (pi. of draig), B.C. 51.21, 'sheet-lightning ' :
may hi y gleyo dreigja.
dreinjog, adj., dreiniog, D., s.v. ' dumosus ' ; ' thorny '.
dretvar, s.m., ' driver '.
drekf'un, s.m., Eng. direction ; ' address ' (of a letter).
drektjo, v., Eng. direct ; ' to address ' (a letter).
drextyn, s.m., drechtyn, T.N. 115. 22. Dim. of dra\t, 'a little
draught '.
drey, adj., dreng, D. (i) ' stubborn, morose '. (2) ' rude ' : rri:
sy n 8rey uQa-xi: m farad vel 'tasaxi n hogyn ba:x ; paid di ag attab
da da:d a da vam 9n drey (O.H.).
dreygar, adj. (i) 'stubborn, morose'. (2) 'peevish': may o n
y:n dreygar ( — lli:n, ty An'-'o), ' he (the child) is peevish, cross '.
dreylo, v., ymdreiglo, Jer. xxv. 34, ' to lie on the back and kick
up the legs in the air (of horses) ; to wallow '.
dreyys, adj. = drey.
dreugt, s.m., drewgi, B.C. 118. 26, 'a filthy fellow ' : ta:u r he:n
dreiigi bydyr !
dreulyd, adj., drewllyd, M.LI. i. 135. 13, ' stinking ' : wy:a dreulyd,
' rotten eggs '.
drewi, v., drewi, D., ' to stink ' : drewi vel giygron, vel fulbart ;
drewi o hogla kuru ; may o n drewi n fi:a§.
dreydys, adj., direidus, S.E., ' mischievous '.
dreynog, s.m., pi. dreynogod, draenog, D. (i) 'hedgehog'. (2)
' bass ' (Morone labrax), Bangor = drayn i:og (O.H.).
-drib' drab, adv., ' bits, smithereens ' : maly n -drib' drab (J.J. ;
O.H.); wedi ka:l i rieyd m riu 'drib'drab. Also 'little by little, in
driblets ' : ma: nu n du:ad i vjaun m 'drib'drab, e.g. of money lent.
dridus; diridus (W.H.); dzridust (Bangor), s.pl. and sing.,
drudwy and drudwen, D. Cf. drwdwst, M.F., 'starlings' (Sturnus
vulgaris).
i o 2 drinus — dros
drinus, s.f. : drinus ba:x, drinus velan, ' yellow-hammer' (Emberiza
citrinella) = dznas (dinas) benvelan.
driyo, v., dringo, D. Pret. PI. 3. drinson. Imperative driy,
driya, ( to climb ' : driyo koydan, ' to climb a tree ' ; driyo i vri:g
9 goydan, ' to climb to the top of the tree '.
driyur, s.m., dringur, S.E., ' climber ' : may r hogyn m dn'yur
jaun i vsny r ko:yd.
driu, s.f., dryw, D., ' wren ' (Troglodytes parvulus) — generally
driu ba:x- Does not mutate, e.g. 9 driu ; — driu wen, ' whitethroat '
[Forrest] (Sylvia cinerea). — r o:d 3 ty: vel ny:6 driu, said of a neat,
cosy house.
drogan, v., darogan, D. (i) 'to say beforehand, to express an
intention ' : du i h drogan mynd (E.J.) ; hu:y drogan gwaiQ na i
myd (prov.), l it takes longer talking about, preparing to work than
to do it '. (2) generally in conjunction with dru:g, ' to forebode ' :
j'.v/ garujaun i brogan dru:g 9di o, ' he is a terrible fellow for croak-
ing, foreboding evil ' ; — also of the weather : may hi n drogan dru:g,
'there's bad weather coming'.
drogan, s., apparently a corruption of crogen, D., 'gills of a
fish' = tagal; — 9 drogan, 'the gills', i drogan, 'his gills', imply
a radical form trogan, but this is not in use. — (I.W. ; J.J.)
drogan, s.f., pi. drogod, trogen, torrogen, D., ' ricinus ', ' a kind of
tick which adheres to the skin of cattle in summer', J.J. = krogan
O.H. Cf. T.N. 334. 36, i'r hyslaw a'r drogod.
droni, v., dironi, S.E., ' to shed grain ' ( = buru, koti). Also trans.
' to spill grain ' by handling the corn carelessly, etc. : droni r y:d.
dror, s.m., pi. drors, ' drawer '.
dros (rarely tros), prep., tros, D. With pronouns. S. i. dros fa z',
2. 'drostati, 3. drosto (vo\ drosti (hi\ PI. i. -drosiani, 2. 'drosta\i,
3. 'drostynu. Before vowels generally dros/: — (i) 'over' (in all
senses, both of place and time): -vy:o\i drost 3 bontP, 'have you
been over the bridge ? ' ; edrax dros 9 klatib, ' to look over the wall ' ;
dros 9 fri:§ ag m sy:Q ar <?x />*«, ' over the field and straight on ' ;
drost 9 ford i (— gzverbyn a), ' opposite, on the opposite side of the
road to ' ; dros 2 rhinjog, ' over the threshold ' ; mi a:B 9 drol drosto
TO, ' he was run over by the cart ' ; neidjo dros 9 klauti, ' to jump
over the wall ' ; mynd dros 9 ga:t, ' to get over the gate ' ; swQjo
dros 9 dibin, 9 dorian, ' to fall over the precipice, down the bank ' ;
ar o:l t&i vrigo mi r o:d na ru:d go de:u drosto vo, ' after the frost
there was rather a thick mist (over it) ' ; aros dros 9 no:s, ' to stay
over night ' ; gneyd 9 gwair 9n V9d9la dros 9 sy:l, ' to gather the hay
in heaps over Sunday ' ; bary hi sgrexjan drost 9 ty:, ' she shrieked
(so as to be heard) all over the house ' ; xwerQin dros bo:b man, ' to
laugh loud '. With i gi:d, ' all over ' : 9y go:x i gi:d drosto, ' red all
drosod — dru:g 103
over ' ; followed by ben, ' over (the top) ' ; mi neidjob 9 8avad dros
ben 3 fa':, ' the sheep jumped over the dog ' ; dros ben 9 klaub, ' over
the wall'. (2) 'over, more than' (with numbers): may o dros
buy la:6 o daldra, ' he is over six feet in height ' ; dros 8qy gant,
' over two hundred ' ; may o dros/ i hannar kant, ' he is over
fifty ' ; er s dros igjan mlmaS, ' for more than twenty years ' ;
similarly dros 8e:g, 'after ten o'clock'. (3) 'for, on behalf of:
gwe-8i:o dros/ i 6a:d, ' to pray for her father ' ; ma: n bnt:g k'in
i 'dros taxi ag ?n §ru:g §uywa& dros fa vi: vi hy:n, ' I am sorry
for you and twice as sorry for myself. (4) 'for': rhesum dros
neyd, ' a reason for doing '. (5) dros ben, used "adverbially,
(a) * exceedingly ' : da: dros ben, ' exceedingly good ' (= m odjaB
0 da:) ; (b) ' over and above ' : am draguyboldab a durnod dros den,
' for ever and a day '.
droso8, dros/o8, /roso8, adv., drosodd, D., s.v. ' superfero ', etc. ;
' over ' : may po:b pe:B droso8, ' it is all over ' ; gzry /roso8 °attynu,
' to send over to them ' ; mi ncidjo8 9 taru droso8, k the bull jumped
overboard ' ; er s tr igjan mhnab a 6roso8, ' sixty years ago and more '.
drovyn, v., darofun, cf. 'Y Beirniad' for June, 1912, p. 121,
' to intend ' : m drovyn mynd 9no o hy:d.
dru:g, adj., comp. gwa.yd, eq. gweyQad, sup. gweyda, drwg, D.,
' bad ' : hogla dru:g, ' a bad smell ' ; plant dru:g, ' naughty children ' ;
sbndjon dru:g, ' evil spirits ' ; gu:r dru:g, ' the devil ' ; — in rare cases
dru:g precedes the noun : sgdrljo meun dru:g nattyr, ' to scold
when in a bad temper ' ; — o.y8 o n 8ru:g ?, ' was it nasty ' (e. g. the
medicine); may o y klu:ad m §ru:g, 'he is dull of hearing' ;
dru:g odjaQ vy:8 9 d&wy8, ' we shall have very bad weather ' ; araQ
8ru:g, ' bad language ' ; enu dru:g, 4 bad name, term of reproach ' ;
rtu he:n gastja dru:g, ' mischief ; Ki:, taru drtt:g, ' a dangerous dog,
bull ' ; may 3 nhevn m §ru:g jaun u6 ger8ad, ' my back is very bad
while walking ; a:6 m 8ru:g 'rlwyBynu, ' bad blood was stirred up
between them '. — Followed by ar, ' hard upon ' : may n 8ru:g ar i
rhreni, ' it is hard on their parents ' ; followed by gin, ' sorry ' : ma:
;/ 8ru:gjaun gin i vod o wedi difod, ' I am very sorry it has gone
out ' (of a fire) ; ma:n 8ru:g Kin i 'drosta\i, ' I am sorry for you '.
dru:gy s.m., pi. draga, drwg, D., ' matter, wrong, evil, hurt ' : du
1 wedi ka:yl hy:d i r dru:g, ' I have found out what is the matter ' ;
wedi kayl 9 dru:g ma njaun i §e\ra mi vy:$ riu obai'6, ' after getting
that right to begin with there will be some hope ' ; dma r dru:g,
' that's the worst of it ' ; ka:l dru:g, ' to get the blame ' ; gneyd
dru:g, esp. as applied to women, ' to go wrong ' ; vy:o ri'oyd dru:g
na: vy:o n bjoni i ru:in (prov.), ' it is an ill wind that blows no one
any good ' ; / o:s o r dru:g ond dru:g i bisgul (prov.) = nearly,
' honesty is the best policy ' ; wel gin i 9 dru:g 9 gun i na r dru:g
nas gun i m ono vo, ' 1 should rather have the evil I know than the
evil I do not know ' ; mi geu\i 8ru:g, < you will hurt yourself ' ; also
1 04 dries — dramjo
' you will get into a row ' ; o:d dru:g i mi gay hun />, ' was I wrong
in shutting this ? '
dries, s.m., pi. dwsa, drws, D., * door ' : klikjad 3 dru:s, ' door-
latch ' ; durn 3 dru:s, ' door-handle ' ; dru:s 9 frwt, ' front door ' ;
dru:s 3 Kevn, ' back door ' ; rhoi klep ar 3 dru:s, kay 9 dru:s 9y glep,
' to bang the door ' ; may r dru:s ay klepjan, ' the door is banging ' ;
rhoi klo: ar 3 dru:s, ' to lock the door ' ; kyro, knokjo 3n 3 dru:s, 'to
knock at the door ' ; may ozn3 dru:s, ' he is at the door ' ; sevyl ar ben
dru:s, ' to stand at the door ' (often implying ' to gossip ') ; troi o dros
ben dru:s, ' to turn him out '.
dry:d, adj., drud, D., ' fortis, strenuus, audax ' ; comp. dryttax,
•dear ' (of price) ; Kin Sryttad a pyppyr, ' as dear as pepper ' (O.H.
— obs.).
dry in y s.m., pi. dwmja, trum, D. ; cf. also D., s.v. clira'. (i)
'ridge' (in general, e.g. between two watersheds) = top 3 ti:r*
The term 9 drym is applied especially to the long ridge extending
from the western side of Bwlch y Ddeufaen to the further slopes of
Carnedd Ddafydd. (2) 'the top of a ridge in ploughing' = kanol
Kevn.
dwgab, s.m., drygedd, D., s.v. 'malignitas '; 'evil*.
dragjom, s.m., drygioni, D., ' evil '.
dr?gy> v., drygu, D., s.v. ' vexo ' ; 'to degenerate, deteriorate '.
Also drsgy i hy:n, < to harm, injure oneself (morally), e.g. hevo
di:od.
drzKinlyd, adj., dryghinllyd, S.E., ' stormy ' : may na olug draKin-
lydjaun ami hi, ' it looks like very bad weather '.
dwKinog, driKinog, adj., dryc-hinog, D., s.v. ' tempestuosus ',
' stormy '.
dnkKin, d?'ikKm, s.f., pi. drsKino^ drittinob, dryg-hin, D., s.v.
1 vireo ' ; ' bad weather ' : may hi n SrzkKin ovnaduy (^rakKin vaur),
4 it is terribly bad weather ' ; Ki: drakKin, ' a partial rainbow '.
dr^xaval, s.m., dyrchafael, D. ; cf. drychafal, W.B., col. 128. 14,
' ascension '. Only in divja 9 dr^xaval, ' Ascension Day'.
drzljo, v., dryllio, D., 'to tear, break' (not often used): 9 gwynt
MI drajjo to:, ta:s. — paid a drzjjo dd &lad uB hel ns&od adar, ' do not
tear your clothes by bird-nesting '.
dwljog, adj., drylliog, D., ' apt to break ' (only used in fig. sense) :
may n Sralfog jaun m i deimlada, ( he has very tender feelings-
breaks down easily ' ; may n brdlfog jaun ar i linja> ' he gives way
to his feelings when praying ' ; 0:8 o n §rd]jog jaun dan 3 bregaO,
' he was much afTected by the sermon '.
drzmjo, v. (i) ' to make a noise like a drum ' : S9r6jo nes "
n dramjo ar s faur (O.H.). (2) 'to pummel ' : mi d? ftrymja i di\
drmtol — du:ad I o -
drmtol, s.f., dryntol, D., < a bent piece of wood with a piece of
iron fastening the two ends, and a rope fastened to the iron for
carrying burdens ' (O.H.).
dnsgol, place-name : 9 dr^sgol = Y Drosgl— name of a mountain.
dnslyd, adj., dyryslyd, ' wandering in mind ; muddled in the
head ; entangled '.
dr^sni, s.m., dyrysni, Gen. xxii. 13; drysni, P.G.G. 180. 6,
'thicket': anjalux a drJsm'(O.H.).
drxux, s.m., dyryswch, D. ; cf. drysswch, G.C. 144. 22 ; 152. 17.
(i) 'the state of being wandering in mind'. (2) 'puzzle, per-
plexity ' : may hunna n dnsux aral i mi. (3) « confusion '.
dnsy, v., dyrysu, D. Intr. (i) ' to become entangled ', e.g. of
the hair. (2) 'to be embarrassed, to get into a muddle'; may o
wedi drysy dn i amkanjon bddol, ' his affairs have become embar-
rassed '; mi Srm's m la:n, 'I went entirely astray'. (3) ' to be
beside oneself, to be driven distracted ' : r oy§un i dgest a drasy,
' I was almost beside myself. (4) 'to lose one's wits, to become
weak in the head', e.g. of old people; 'to go crazy, to become
delirious ' : may o wedi drasy hevo r diwigjad, ' he has gone crazy
over the revival ' ; may o wedi drssy m i snuyra, ' he is delirious '.
(5) 'to be wrong'. Trans. (6) 'to entangle'. (7) 'to interfere
with, upset ' ; ' baffle, balk ' : may n drzsy r gwaiB, ' it interferes
with the work '. (8) ' to drive out of one's wits', e.g. by continual
talking = muydro, b&ary.
du:ad, v., dyfod, D.; dwad, G.R. (5) 12. Fut. S. i. do:(v), 2. dot, 3.
da:u, doif\de:l\. PI. i. do:n, 2. deux, 3. do:n. Imp. S. i. dmm, db'yQun,
2. do:t, 3. do:y, do:. PI. i. bey Ban, 2. SeyBax, 3. deyBan. Pret. S. i.dois,
2. doist, 3. do:B, da:B. PI .1. deyBon, deyson, 2. deyBox, deysox, 3. deyBon,
deyson. Imperative S. 2. /yd, 3. do:yd. PI. 2. d#ux> (i) 'to come ' :
d0u\. Ans. do:(v\ na bo:(y\ ' come. (Ans.) Yes '. ' No ' ; fouxi ?
do.-v, mi 8o:v fieno, 'will you come? Yes, I will come to-night';
do:yd a fte:l, ' come what may ' (O.H.) ; So.y o dim dros i grogi, ' he
would not come on any account ' ; o b le: daxin du:ad P. ' where do
you come from ? ' ; d#ux i edrax ta os na %xdilju\i, ' come and see
then if you don't believe ' ; kmta -deyQonu, ' as soon as they came ' ;
nes do:y o adra, * until he came home ' (habitually) ; nes 'deyQomi
m i hola, ' until they came back ' ; erbyn da:u o, ' by the time
he comes ' ; 8a:u o 8im truy de:g, ' he cannot be won over by kind-
ness ' ; fry ly:n 8o:$ 3 kmijon ba:x, ' the chickens were hatched on
Monday ' ; may n du:ad i r y:n van, ' it comes to the same thing ' ;
— of plants : du:ad or du:ad a/an, ' to come up ' ; — of fire ' to burn
up ' : mi da:u m vy:an ru:an, ' it will burn up soon now ' ; — followed
by i and a noun or pronoun = ' let ', the idea of motion being often
entirely absent : d0ux i mi weld, ' let me see ' ; tyd i mi gad o, ' let me
have it ' ; — where English usage requires * get ' : may hi n du:ad ?'
io6 dubin — dulni
drevn, ' it is getting into order ' ; 'vedruxi du:ad o: na ?, ' can you
get out from there ? ' ; derux i r gadar ma, ' get into this chair ' ; wedi
du:ad i wel sevdlva, ' having got into a better position ' ; — to come to
the acquisition of a certain faculty : mi §0uxi i farad znjaun, ' you
will get to speak right ' ; may o n du:ad i farad (of a child), ' he is
beginning to talk ' ; — similarly of the weather, ' to begin, to come
on ', etc. : may kin du:adivuru, ' it is coming on to rain ' ; may hin
du:adm hay I, ' the sun is coming out ' ; hurax mi 8a:u i godi at 9
pnaun, l perhaps it will clear up by the afternoon ' ; — ' to do '
(— gneyd 9 tro:}^ : mi 8a:u vel na hevyd, ' it will do that way too ' ;—
impersonally with hevo, ( to get on ' : syt So:d i hevo xi ?> ' how did
you get on ? ' — with a, ' to bring ' : d0ux ag 3mba*rel hevo xi, ' bring
an umbrella with you ' ; d0ux a luy i godi r pudin ma, * bring a
spoon to help this pudding ' ; d0ux a vo: i four, ' bring it down ' ;
d0ux a hi: m o:l i r van ma, ' bring it back here ' ; ma: gin i dair
davod heb 8u:ad ag u:yn /mi, ' I have three sheep which have had no
lambs this year ' ; — the preposition is often omitted and the verb
used transitively : tyd i mi xwanag o de:, ' bring me some more tea ' ;
— with hy:dat, hy:d i, ' to find ' : mi'Seydonu o hy:d i§o vo rusyt, ' they
lound it out somehow '. (2) ' to become ' (from bad to good) : mi
st&is i laur tan 281 du:ad m de:g, ' I sat down till it cleared up '. —
with o ' to become of ' ; be vasa n du:ad o 'honoxi ?, ' what would
have become of you ? ' ; be 8o:& o hono vo triad ?, ' what has become
of it, I wonder ? '
dubin, s., dwbing, W.S. [Dawbinge] ; 'cow-dung or other sub-
stance formerly used for closing up the chinks of an oven' (O.H.).
dubjo, v., dwbio, W.S. [Daube] ; ' to stop up the chinks of an
oven ' [see above].
dubul, adj., dwbl, D. ; D.G. iv. 12; 'double': m i 8qy bubnl,
' doubled up '.
dudljan, v., 'to loiter, potter about ' (Bangor).
dutiyyv., dowyddu, dywyddu, etc., D., (of cows) 'to swell with
milk before calving, to spring ' : pa bry:d vy:§ 3 vyux vn du:ad
a lo: P vy:§ hi dim m hi:r ru:an, may hi n dexra du$y, ' how long
will it be before the cow calves ? She won't be long now, she is
beginning to spring '.
duibigy adj., dwybig, D., s.v. * bidens ' ; G.O. ii. 58. 17, ' having two
points ' : in phrase troi m 9 tresi a xwara fon buibig (W.H.), said
of some one who is cornered and tries to escape by double-dealing.
duity'ad, s.f., nodwyddiad, ' needleful ' : duibjad o eda.
dul, adj., dwl ne hurt, W.S. [Dull], ' misty, hazy (opposite of
clear) : ma: r d#uy§ m dul, ( the weather is hazy ' ; — of persons,
4 ignorant '.
dulni, drtni, s.m., ' mistiness, haziness ' ; — of persons, 'ignorance '.
dumpjan — durnod 107
dumpjan, v., pendwmpian, D., s.v. ' titubanter ' : dumpjan hsgy,
' to doze, to nod the head when sleeping '. Also pendumpjan.
dundro, v., dwndrio, B.C. 24. 9, 'to make a noise ' = kadu turn.
dundur, s., dwndwr, B.C. 57. 25; P.G.G. 314. 14 ; T.N. 224. 32 ;
dwnndwrr, M.LI. i. 232. 6 ; Eng. (Dial.) dunder [a loud rumbling
noise like thunder ; a reverberating sound], Sc. ' noise, uproar,
hubbub '.
du:r, s.m., pi. dzvroS, dwfr, dwr, D., ' water ' : du:r kodi, ' spring ' ;
du:r lonyb, ' stagnant water ' ; du:r rhedegog, ' running water ' ; dur
newyft, * spring tide ' (?) JJ. ; rhedva, rhedjad du:r, 'watershed ' ;
du:r berwedig, ' boiling water ' ;° / adi r sgidja ma dim ?n dal du:r,
' these boots are not watertight ' ; rhoi du:r i r ard, ' to water the
garden ' ; rhoi du:r o.yr am ben peB, ' to throw cold water over
something' (fig.); a i ben dan §u:r, 'in low Water' (fig.); mynd i
no: I du:r dros avon, forxy du:r dros avon (prov. exp.), ' to go a long
way for something which can be got close at hand ' ; i bant 3 rhe:d
3 du:r (prov.), ' money goes where money is '. — du:r po:y6, ' heart-
burn ': may du:r po:yQ arna i.
durdjo, v., ystwrdio, D., s.v. ; objurgo ' ; dwrdio, Judges viii. i,
' to scold ' (=. dondjo) : durdjo 3 bu:yd a i vyita (prov. exp.).
durn, s.m., pi. forna, dwrn, D. (i) ' fist ' : gwasgy r durn, ' to
clench the fist ' ; gwasgy d^rna o gumpas 9 mhen a sgmgy damiab ; —
kay r durn, ' to close the hand ' : kay i 8urn ar 3 pe:Q s gmo vo
m i !a:u, also ' to clench the fist : paid a kay dz durn arna i ; —
durn Key ad, ' clenched fist ' ; lond durn, ' handful ' ; \wer6in dn t
burn, ' to laugh in one's sleeve ' ; r 0:8 2 ywyni zn 3 nurn i, i my
heart leapt to my mouth '. (2) ' handle ' of a door, of a plough, etc. :
dzrna 3 bladyr, ' scythe handles ' — 3 durn y\a, nearest the mower,
y durn isa, nearest the blade.
durnod, s.m., pi. dwnodja, nodja, diwrnod, D., 'day': day bur nod
(not day $}>:&), ' two days ' ; day burnod ar o:l i gilib, ( two days
running ' ; day ne dri: o fornodja, ' two or three days ' ; said njurnod,
nurnod, ' seven days ' ; durnod (?) varxnad, ' market day ' ; durnod
golxi, ' washing day ' ; durnod guy I, ' holiday ' ; 3 durnod duyQa o r
im':s ' the last day of the month ' ; (<?) durnod o r bla:yn, ' the other
day ' ; 3 durnod b3ra> ' the shortest day ' ; 9 durnod hira, huya, ' the
longest day ' ; durnod hnta r ha:, ' the first day of summer ', i.e.
May i ; durnod 3 kmbrun, ' the day Of the funeral ' ; durnod bra:v,
po:y&, ' a fine, hot day ' ; 3 durnod 3 ganuyd vi:> ' the day I was
born ' ; vyo vo dim zmma er s nodja, ' he has not been here for
days ' ; 9% rjhorf 3 durnod, ' in the course of the day ' ; ka:yl arjan
heb roid durnod te:g o waiQ am dano vo, ' to get money without
having done a fair day's work for it ' ; gora bo: r durnod gora bo: r
gwaiB (prov.), ' the better the day the better the deed ' ; rhaid i ni
io8 dusin — dy:
^yu meun gobaiB o hy:d, mi 8a:u o n wel riu burned, ' we must live
always in hope ; things will be better some day '.
dusin, s.m., pi. dusina, dusina, dwsing, G.O. ii. 30. 16 ; 144. 16,
'dozen' : dusin o eirja, 'a dozen words' ; hannar dusin, 'half a dozen '.
duyaur, s.f., dwyawr, W.LI, xliii. 108, ' two hours'.
duyfon, s.f., dwyffon, ' two sticks ' : mynd ar 3 nuyfon, ' to walk
supported by a stick in each hand ' (O.H.).
duylaB, s.f., dwylath, 'two yards '.
du:yn, dugyd, v., dwyn, D. Put. S. i. duyna, duga. Pret. S. i.
dugisj duinis, 3. dugob, duynob. PI. 3. dukson, duynson. Imperative
duga, duyna ; dugu\, duynux- Pret. Pass, dzgud (].].), dugud (O.H.).
(1) 'to bear', only in a few semi-literary or stereotyped phrases as
du.yn enu, ' to bear a name ' ; du:yn se:l, ' to show, have zeal '.
(2) ' to bring ', also as above : du:yn i go:, ' to bring, call to mind ' ;
anob du:yn ( = tmny) dy:n 0:8 ar i dzluyB (prov.), 'what is bred in
the bone comes out in the flesh '. (3) ' to steal ' : mi dmnis i golar
0:8 am i ubu vo rhag i ru:in §u:yn o, ' I took his collar off for fear
some one should steal it ' ; taly r hem a du:yn d newy§ (prov. ex p.),
'to pay for the old and steal the new', i.e. 'to pay for goods
bought previously and take the present purchase on credit '.
duyno, v., difwyno, diwyno, D. ; dwyno, D.F. [vii] 13, [125] 4 ;
'to ciirty ' (= mey.by\ but scarcely used except euphemistically for
small children ' messing ' their clothes. Cf. D., s.v. ' imbulbito '.
duyran, s.m., dwyrain, D., ' east ' : gwynt 9 duyran, ' east wind ' ;
os kyl 9 gla:u \ o r duyran d da:u, \ os kyl 9r him$a \ o r duyran da:u
hi&a ; — duyran am dridja, duyran am dair usnos, — weather proverbs.
du:ys, adj., dwys, D., ' intense, deep, reserved ' : may m buru n
buys, 'it is raining continuously' (of fine rain); teimlad du:ys,
1 deep feelings ' ; y:n du:ys distau, ' a quiet, reserved person ' ;
dmas §ti:ys, ' a reserved woman ', e. g. who keeps grief to herself.
duyBa, adj., diwethaf, R.B. 54. 16; diwaethaf, D.F. [100] 4, etc.;
diweddaf, D. ; ' last ' : dy gwenar duyBa, ' last Friday ' ; 9 tro: duyBa,
1 last time ' ; r usnos duyBa, l last week ', Fr. ' la semaine derniSre ',
— or ' the last week ' (= r usnos old], Fr. ' la derniere semaine ' ;
3 durnod duyBa y:n, ' the very last day ' ; r o.y§ o m merByr SuyBa,
' he was in Merthyr last '.
duyvray%, adj., dwyfraich, 'having two arms': kadar buyvrayx,
' arm-chair ' (seldom used).
duywaB, adv., dwywaith, D., s.v. 'bis'; ' twice'; d o:ys dim
duywaB, ' there is no doubt about it.'
dy:, interjection expressing surprise.
dy:, adj. and s., pi. dy:on, du, D., ' black ' : gwarBag dy:on, ' black
cattle ' ; muyar §y:on 'blackberries '; gwa:ll dy:, ' dark, black hair ' ;
Kin §y:ad a r vra:n, a r simba, a \ro\on, dy: vel m0unan, vel 3
dy:al — dyntyr 109
1 as black as a crow ', etc. ; dy: !a:s, ' dark blue, purple ' : gwynab dy:
la:s ; — ' dark ' : ma: r geya dy: 9n dmmyl ; — 3 dzdfa dy:on ba:x,
' the days each side of December 21 ' ; — may hi meun dy:, ' she is
in mourning'.
dy:al [da:lj\
dyalgar ; -dirhalgar (O.H.), adj., dyallgar, D., 'intelligent'.
dyalturjaQ, s., d(e)alldwriaeth, D.; s.v. ' intelligenlia ' ; ' an under-
standing'.
dyalys ; 'dirhajys (O.H.), adj., dyallus, D., 'intelligent'.
dy:8, s.m., pi. dyd/a, djdd, D., 'day'. Days of the week: dy
sy:l ; dy ly:n ; dy maurd (m&ur&) ; dy merxar ; dy:^ jay, divja ;
dy gwenar ; dy sadurn.—dy lyn, 'on Monday'; ar fy lyn, ' on a
Monday ' ; 3 dy:§ huya, fora, ' the longest, shortest clay ' ; dy:8 da:
i x*> ' good day ' ; ar hy:d 9 dy:d, tru: r dy:b, o hy:d tru: r d_y:8,
' all day long ' ; uQ liu dy:§, ' by daylight ' ; bo:b dy:8, ' every day ' ;
dy:8 geyavol, ' a wintry day ' ; may r dy:8 m rtustyn, bwha:y, ' the
days are getting longer, shorter ' ; hannar dy:$, ' mid-day ' ; adag
* d^ja dy:on bax, ' the season of the short, dark days', i.e. on each
side of December 21 ; may o wedi gweld gwel did/a, 'he has seen
better days '.
dygox, adj., dugoch, B.C. 65. 15, 'dark red'.
dyl, s.m., pi. dj'j/a, dull, D., ' manner, form ' : dyl o farad, ' a
manner of speaking, facon de parler ' ; mo:8 a dyl, ' way and
manner' ; dyl givla:d o farad, 'a way of speaking in the country' ;
wedi neyd r y:n dyl, ' made in the same manner ' ; an medry neivid
dyl i la:u, ' able to change his handwriting ' ; riu hem §yl pry8a8 sy
arno-vo, 'he has a melancholy manner'.
dy:n, s.m., pi. dmjon, d^n, D., 'man' (=homo). As distinguished
from gu:r, dy:n is a term of less respect, as e. g. in he:n u:r and
he:n 8y:n. — dy:n ba:x kju:s (= del] ydi o, ' he is a nice little man ' ;
lump o §y:n te:u, ' a big fat man ' ; dy:n to\an ba:x te:u, ' a tiny little
fat man ' ; klamp o dy:n maur, ' a great big man ' ; may o n verx
o dy:n., ' he is an old woman ' ; I)y:<$ <? dy:n dn lugy os na vraf'ux,
- the fellow will starve if you are not quick '. — Used indefinitely,
' one, people ' : ma: dy:n an drum ar o:l Kinjo, ' one is heavy after
dinner ' ; dma bay dy:n wedi ghxy n domman ag wedi mynd i u
gwlay, 'there are two people (both women) who have got wet
through and gone to bed ' ; kynt (kwervy&) day 8y:n na day vznyb
(prov.), ' two people will meet sooner than two mountains ', i. e.
' perhaps we shall meet again '. — As euphemism for dyu : — dy:n a i
help(j)o!t ' God help him ! ' ; dy:n a stirjo /, ' poor fellow ! ' ; n eno
dy:n /, or simply dy:n /, exclamation of surprise.
dyntyr •, s.m., tentur brethyn, W.S. [A tentar]; deintur, D.,
' Dentale, instrumentum ad extendendos pannos ' ; 'an instrument
no dy:o — dy&jo
consisting of poles for stretching materials after they have been
fulled, tenter' (O.H.); kay r dyntyr is a place-name at Llanfairfechan.
dy:o, v., duo D., ' to blacken ; to become black '.
dy:o ; deyo (Bangor), v., ? diduo, D., i Dimovere, domo privare ',
' to shell ' (of beans and peas).
dy:or, v., deor, D., f to hatch ' : r o:y$ gin i lawar jaun o wy:a,
ond dary dim y:n o 'honynu 8y:or, ' I had a great many eggs, but
not one of them hatched ' ; kyvrt y kmtjon Kin ybynu 8y:or, ' to count
the chickens before they are hatched '.
dy:r, s.m., dur, D., 'steel ' : nyduyb 8y:r, ' needle ' ; hoiljon dy:r.
' steel nails put in horse-shoes to grip the ice '.
dyrol, adj., durawl, D.G. Ixiv. 38. (i) ' very strong ': dy:n dyrol. (2)
' hard ' : bar a dyrol, ' hard, stale bread ' : may r bara ma wedi mynd
m ne:n jaun, may o n vu:y dyrol o lawar. Hence ' durable, not
wasting ' : menyn dyrol (opp. to darvodedig}.
dy:sg, s., dysg, D., ' learning ' : may dy:sg i u ga:yl o i vedy§ i u
7>e:d (prov.), ' one lives and learns '.
dysu, interj. : dysu la:\ f, dysu annul !, 'good gracious '.
dyu, s.m., pi. diuja, Duw, D., ' God '.
dyitks, interj. (euphemism for dyu), dyuks!, dyuks annul!
dy:ux, s.m., ' blackness '.
dyvn, adj., fern, devn, pi. dmnjon, comp. dwnax, dwfn, D., ' deep ' :
fo:ys vaur 8evn, ' a large deep ditch ' (O.H.) ; Kin fovnad a pulKeris,
1 as deep as Pwll Ceris' (in the Menai Straits); fi.g.jy:n dyvn^dzof,
' he is a deep one '. — Used also substantively as a ' depth ' of
something, especially in slate quarries. Cf. te:u. So also in such
expressions as trodvaft o dyun, 'a foot in depth'; rubad tebig i
la&an o ftyvn, ' something like a yard in depth ' ; le: may r dyvn
muya, ( where the depth is greatest '.
d>, adj., dy, D., 'thy': may d? vam d ifo di\ 'your mother
wants you ' ; ar dy o:l di, ' after you ' ; hel ar d o:H, ' fetch back ! '
(to a sheep-dog) ; d? da:d a d vam, ' your father and mother ' :
i dy dy:, ' to your house'. (Forms like ' a'th ' and 'i'th' do not
occur in the colloquial language except in stereotyped expressions.
The only example I have heard is ka:n di bennil mu:yn i 6 nain,
mi ga:n d9 nain i tiBa (prov.), ' one good turn deserves another'.)
dy is frequently used before finite verbs to reinforce the ensuing
pronoun di, as mi da gyra i di!, ' I'll beat you '.
dybryd, adj., dybryd, D., ' terrible, awful ' : pe:6 dsbryd ; kam-
gsmerjad dabryd.
dad, in ar dad, ' on the verge of ' : ar dad gneyd rubaB (a dim in
i neyd o).
drtjo, v., dyddio, W.S. [Day], ' to dawn '.
dabjol — dalanwad 1 1 1
dzbjol, adj., dyddiol, S.E., ' day ' : tsgol drtjol, ' day school '.
d&ordab, s.m. Cf. didordep, M.A. ii. 346. 28. A book word,
recently revived in the form ' dyddordeb * (cf. O.P.), but used quite
frequently as an equivalent of ' interest ' in such phrases as hm?ny</
dtiordab meun, ' to take an interest in '.
d&orol) adj., dyddorol, S.E., ' interesting '. See above.
dtfe'ia, v., ' I defy ', in the phrase mi dyfeia i di i neyt fanny, ' I
defy you to do it' ; also 'I assure', as mi dyfeia i di mai rvi: pi:a
hi, { I assure you that it is mine/
dtfryn, s.m., pi. dtfnnnob, dyffryn, D., 'valley': lili r dtfryn,
( lily of the valley '.
dtgado, in phrase dagado paul /, i. e. ' Duw gadwo (gato) pawb ! ',
excl. of surprise (J.J.).
dtgyn, adj., dygn, D. ; dygyn, P.G.G. 101. 18; 106. 26 ; 'per-
sistent ' : dy:n dagyn diwid, ' a persistent, industrious man ' ; gweiQjo
n togyn tut r hy:d 2 dy:§ (O.H.), ' to stick to it hard all day ' ;—
gweiQjo n &gyn o ola i ola.
dzgammod, v., dygymmod, D. (i) 'to suit, agree with' : / ?di <>
dim zn ddgwnmod a vt:, ' it does not agree with me ' (e. g. of food) ;
sdi o n dzgsmmod a i le: ?, ' is he suiting himself to his position ? '
(2) 'to make the best of: may r derwyti an -a-nivir, ond rhaid
i ni fogammod a vo:.
drhei'g, adj., deheuig, D., s.v. 'dexter', 'rotunde'. (i) 'skilful,
dexterous ' : dy:n drheig am i waiQ = grieyd po:b pe:9 o: beBa.
(2) ' tactful, politic '.
ddheyol, adj., deheuol, D., s.v. ' meridionalis ' ; ' southern ' : r o\or
foheyol.
drltay, s.m., Eng. decay, ' consumption ' : neid o dim magy drKa:y,
said of a healthy, cheerful person.
dzksun = tabaksun, v., tebygaswn : daksun i\ 1 1 should think '.
d9xtn3gy, v., dychymmygu, D., ' to imagine ' : ddxnwgy bo xi y
gweld dy:n.
daxryn, v., dychrynu, D. Pret. djxrwnis, xrmnis, 'to terrify,
startle ' ; ' to be terrified, startled ' : d*xryn a//o vo, ' to be frightened
of him ' ; dary x* n^xryn i n ovnaduy, ' you startled me terribly ' ;
mi xrdnnis, ' you gave me a fright '.
, s.m., pi. d9xryn'vey§, dychryn, D., 'a terror ' : r 0:8 o n
baub.
, adj., dychrynllyd, T.N. 208. 20, ' terrible ' : going,
nada daxrwlyd ; — 'dsxrsnjyd o o:yr, 'terribly cold'.
d9X9mmigt s.m., pi. d3xmdgjon, dychymmyg, D., 'imagination^
delusion '.
ddlanwad, s.m., dylanwad, D., s.v. ' influentia ' ; ' influence '.
ii2 ddlanwady — dzmyno
dalanwady, v., dylanwadu, S.E., ' to influence ' : ma: r derwyb m
dalanwady 'arnynu rusyt, ' the weather exercises an influence over
them somehow '.
d^ledsuyS, dledsuyft, s., pi. d^ledsuyda, dyledswydd, D., s.v.
' officium ' ; ' duty ' : dilin i foledsuyba, ' to fulfil, perform one's
duties ' ; dsledsuyba teyly;a§, ' family prayers ' ; kadu dledmyb, ' to
have family prayers '.
dzlivo, v. dylifo, D., 'to stream ' : r qy:8 9 xivy:s 9n ddlivo vel gla:u
irana, ' the perspiration was streaming down like thunder rain ' ;
may nu n dilivo i r fovarvod, ' a stream of people are going to the
meetin '.
dsljun, v. Imperfect of obsolete dylu, D., 2. drtat, $.drta. PI. i.
ddlan, 2. dz/ax, 3. dzlan. ' I ought ' ; Plup. dzlsun, lasun, ' I
ought to have, I ought ' : mi dj/a g9\un ne mi e'iB m no:s arno vo,
' he ought to start or he will be caught by the darkness ' ; dma vel
* drta vo:d, ' that is how it ought to be ' ; mi Mjun inna ga:yl vy
suppar Max, ' it is quite time I had my supper too ' ; mi Ma \i6a
myd sylu ono vo, 'you ought to pay attention to him too ' ; ma: peQa
Tel na n darvod a darvod falan heiyd, ' things like that are dying out
and they ought to die out too ' ; mi 'folsanu roid i \i digon, ' they
ought to give you enough ' ; mi 'lasanu i roid o 280 vo heb ibo vo
ovyn, ' they ought to have given it to him without him having to
ask for it ' ; / qy:8 o Mm ay ka:yl 9 peda lasa vo ga:yl, ' he did not
get what he ought to have got '.
drty, v., 'to become hazy' (of the weather) : may hi n ddly. Cf.
did.
dalytan, s.f., pi. ddlyanod ; (d^]ly:od (O.H.), dylluan and tylluan,
D. ; cf. W.B., col. 109. 28-31, 'owl'; also called deryn korf:
r o:yb ar he:n bolol 971 arvar mynd i gammy d i kdmmyn 116 glu:ad 9
foly:an jy gwi'xjan (J. }.), 'old people used to go and receive the
sacrament when they heard the owl hooting', — Used of human
beings, men or women. ' one who wanders about at night ' or ' one
who is always asleep ' or merely ' a fool ' : ly:od o tonjon (O.H.).
dsmma (often timma), adv., dyma, ' here is, here are ', Fr. ' voici ' :
dwimale 'by.onu n trot 9 bora ma, ' this is where they were ploughing
this morning ' ; damma gmnur maur am roi tippin o lo: ar 9 ta:n /,
1 what a fuss about putting a bit of coal on the fire ! ' ; — often used in
graphic narration, e.g. dtmma 8eydo8 o . . ., dsmma o:y§ o n deyd , . .,
' here he was saying ' ; damma hi n niul arna i, ' here I was, caught
in the mist ' ; dmima vo aita i, ' here he comes up to me ' ; dwima
r leidar i vjaun i r loft, ' up comes the thief into the bedroom ' ;
dwima Smas i vjaun i r kwarvod gwe&t, a damma hi ar i glinja, ' in
comes a woman into the prayer meeting and down she goes on
her knees '.
d9mynot v., damuno, rectius dymuno, D., ' to wish '.
dsmynol — dasgur 113
dtmynol, adj., dymunol, D., « desirable, charming, comely ' : 3 ver%
ivayk hard fomynol, ' the good-looking, charming young woman ' ; —
golug d^mynol ar 3 wybyr.
d9na (often t*na\ na, adv., dyna, D., ' there is, there are ', Fr.
' voila ' : dma r inig resum sy gin t, ' that is the only reason I have ' ;
dma vo:, dma hi:, ' that's it ' ; da wi:r maidma be sy: ond bod ni dim
m gubod, ' perhaps that is what it is, only that we don't know ' ; dma
r dru:g, ' that's the worst of it ' ; dma gimmint a sy:, ' that is all
there is ' ; — often used in graphic narration, e. g. — a dma vo y
gwiltjo, ' and there he was, in a rage '.
dmas, s.f. [pi. merxaid'], dynes, C.C.M. 142. i, 'woman' (less
polite than gwraig) : dmas ba:\ del, ' a nice little woman ' ; dmas
a/jy:og, ( a capable woman ' ; dmas (dinas) benvelan, ' yellowhammer '
(Emberiza citrinella).
dmewad, s., pi. dmewid, dyniewed, D., s.v. 'juvencus'; 'a young
heifer or bull between one year and eighteen months old '.
dmwarad, dzwarad, v., dynwared, D., ' to imitate ' (but rather in
the sense of ' to mimic ' than in a good sense). Cf. gwatar.
danyn, s.m., dynyn, S.E.*, ' a conceited fellow ' : may hun a hun
m he:n d^nyn garu ; r u:ti n dayos da hy:n 9n he:n dznyn garu.
dwmdgy, dirmzgy, v., dirmygu, D., 'to mock, make fun of =
sbe'ttjo, gwatwor, dznwarad, gambljo.
d?rnad, s.m., dyrnaid, D., ' handful ' : dsrnad o bre:s, ' a handful
of money '.
ddrnod, s.f., dyrnod, D., 'a blow with the fist' : dsrnod ar vo:n
3 gly:st ; — dsrnodgdlaQ, a sheep's ear-mark, so called.
dtrnol (I.W. ; J.J.), dsrnwil (I.W.), dsrnil (O.H.), s.pl. ; sing.
dwnolan (JJ-), darnol (O.H.), dyrnfol, D., pi. dyrnfyl, but dyrnfolau,
s.v. 'manica'; 'gloves used while cutting thorns': pa:r o form'l (Q.H.).
dzrnur, s.m., dyrnwr, D., ' thresher '. Also ' threshing machine '.
darnvad, s.f., pi. dyrnvedi, dyrnfedd, D., s.v. ' bipalmis ' ; ' hand '
(about four inches) used in measuring the height of horses : du i n
medut 9 grieiQ i y glos jaun i dzrnvad ar bzmQag, ' I think she'll be
very nearly sixteen hands '.
dirny, v., dyrnu, D., ' to thresh ' : indgan tornyt ' threshing
machine'.
dinvinan [derwman].
dzrys, adj., dyrys, D., ' perplexing, complicated '.
d9sge'idja9y s.m., dysgeidiaeth, D., ' doctrine '.
dzsg/ad, s.f., pi. d9sgleidja, dysglaid, S.E.*, dyscled, M.LI. i. 140.
1 6, 'dishful'.
dtsgur, s.m., dysgwr, S.E.*, ' learner '.
! 1 4 dasgy — d3veryn
dssgy, v., dysgu, D. Pret. S. i. ebsgis, disc's. Imperative tisga.
(i) 'to teach': -tasa\i n veyax mi vasa n haus *\ dssgyf if you
were younger it would be easier to teach you ' ; r o:yn m dysgy r
davad bori (prov. exp.), "teaching one's grandmother". (2) 'to
learn ' : <bsgy o>r gwraid, ' to learn thoroughly ' ; fagy i greft, ' to
learn his trade ' ; tbsgy alan, « to learn off, to learn by heart '.
drifas, s.f., Eng. duchess, ' an imperious woman ' : hem dzt/as
ovnaduy.
dwdis, s.f., defeys, W.S. [Deuyse]; dyfais, M.LI. ii. 39. 19;
D.P.O. 54. 10. (i) * device, invention, contrivance': fovais da:
jaun, 'a very good invention '. (2) « intent' ; ' contriving faculty ' :
dwais $ru:g, ' evil intent ' ; iufo i tovais i dngjoni, ' to contrive
evil'.
dwal, adj., dyfal, D., ' persistent, steady, unremitting ' : \wiljo n
toval \-dwal uB hel arjan \—m disgul m teval am bByr, ' anxiously
expecting a letter '.
dwalux, s.m., dyfalwch, D., 'persistence'.
dwaty, v., dyfalu, D., ' imagine, conjecture ' : wtlis i rotfun fovaly
a dweif'O) ' I never saw such cudgelling of brains ' ; vedrun i Mm
dmaly be oy§ o n i ve&ul, 'I could not imagine what he was
thinking of '.
droary, v., edifaru, D., 'to regret' : dary mi dim dwary, 'I did
not regret it '.
dm&fo, v., dyfeisio, G.R. (5) 12; B.C. 15. i. (i) 'contrive,
devise ' : dro'tifo puyforb i x rhuydo \i, ' to contrive how to ensnare
you'; also, dw&f'o pe6. (2) 'invent': dw&fo pe:6 gwel nag oyb
-gmynu o r bla:yn, ' to invent something better than they had before ' ;
ma: nu n d9veiffo po:b ma:6 o beBa 9 drtja ma, ' they invent all kinds
of things these days '. (3) ' to make up ' : cbv&fo stori heb vo:d m
wi:r. (4) ' imagine ' : vedra i dim dwe'ifa le may hi, ' I can't
imagine where it is '. Cf. also dwaly. (5) ' to think of : 'tasa\i
m peryd i mi dwe'ifo nu, ' if you made me think of them for myself
(they would not come to my mind) '. (6) ' guess ' : tri:o dneif'o n
hi:rjaun, ' to try and guess a long time '.
dmerol, diverol, adj., diferol, Cant. v. 13, 'dropping, dripping':
9n ly:b dzverol.
dweryd, diveryd, v. diferu, D., ' to drop ' : ma: r vargod m dweryd,
1 the eaves are dripping'; ma: nu n dweryd o xwy:s, 'they are
streaming with perspiration ' ; — used very frequently in an ad-
verbial sense : may o wedi gb\y n dmeryd, ' he is wet ^through ' ;
r o:d 9 ywadt 3n ly:b dmeryd, ' my hair was dripping wet ' ; ma: nu
y gweiBjo n\wy:s dmeryd pen -vabuxizn agolug, ' they work till they
are streaming with perspiration so long as you are in sight '.
drveryn^ diveryn, s.m., pi. dwerjon, diverjon, diferyn, G.O. ii.
— et#:l 1 1 5
276. 25, 'drop': d ruob o dim drueryn- wedyn, 'he never drank
a drop (of intoxicating liquor) afterwards'; po:b diveryn, 'every
drop ' ; heb toveryn o !a:u.-—Cf. devni.
dwetia, dveBa, v., difetha, D., s.v. 'consumo ' ; 'to waste ; to spoil ' :
paid a dveQa mat/is, ' don't waste matches ' ; dveBa phntyn (fuvo
moyQa), 'to spoil a child ' ; may y:n o "honynu wedi kubul HivtQa,
' one of them is quite spoilt '.
dweQdod, veBdod, s.m., difethdod, ' destruction, waste '.
dyueBgar^ veQgar, adj., difethgar, ' wasteful ' : opp. to kmtrivjol,
forbjol.
druluyb, adj., dwyflwydd, D., s.v. * biennis ' ; ' two years old ' :
m dwtuyd o:yd.
dyvndur^ s.m., dyfnder, D. ; dyfndwr, C.C.M. 120. 32, 'depth ' :
r o:d na drundur o igjan la:6, ' there was a depth of twenty yards '.
divndgun, s.m., dyfn, influenced by Eng. dungeon ?, 'a deep hole
or ravine ; gulf, abyss' (but more familiar than the English words) :
strOjo i r drvndgun ; — dwndgun plum> ' a yawning gulf. Cf. eigjon.
dyun'hay, v., dyfnhau, D., 'to deepen '.
dzvny, v., diddyfnu, D., 'to wean'.
dwrduyst, s., dyfrdwst, ' a disease of cattle, strangury ' (J.J.).
dwr&i, s.m., pi. drurguns, dyfrgi, D., * otter ' : m ly:b vel dwr&i,
' like a drowned rat '.
dwrjo, v., dyfrio, ' to water ' (of the eyes).
dnualgi, dualgi, s., ymlab vel drwalgi, ' to fight fiercely ' (I.W.).
dzwedjad, s.m., dy wediad, S.E.*, ' saying ' : he:n Bauedjad, ' an old
saying '.
dga:d, s.f., Eng. jade, opprobrious epithet for a woman : also dgadan.
dgak, Eng. Jack, dgak sboyk = robin sboykjur, ' grasshopper ' :
dgak lantar, ' will-o'-the-wisp ', also called dgak sboyk (JJ.) ; dgak
do:, ' jackdaw ' (Corvus monedula).
dgakmor, s.m., ' sycamore '. (O.H. always uses sarttan.)
dgayglar, s.m., pi. dgayglars^ 'one who gossips, a loiterer at a
street corner, etc.'
dgaygljo> v., Eng. (Dial.) jangle ; O.F. jangler, ' to gossip, loiter ' :
dgaygljo o gumpas.
dgar, tfar, s.f., 'jar'.
dgarjad, s.f., ' jarful '.
dgebo, s., ' the devil, bogy ' : mw d^ebo.
dgegyn, s. Cf. Eng. (Dial.) jag [a small load of coal, hay, etc.],
' a small load ', e. g. dgegyn o dail.
dgeinjo, v., ' to join '.
dge:l, s.f., geol, W.B. col. 172. 16 ; G.C. 132. 5; ge*ol, D. ; siel,
B.C. 34. ii ; g^ol, D.; 'jail, prison'.
I 2
1 1 6 dgelaitf — dgoliherutjo
dgelaitf, s.pl., gellhesg, D., ' flags ' (Iris pseud-acorus). For other
forms cf. Kelaitf.
dgeljo, v., ' to put in jail '.
dgelus, adj., ' jealous '.
dgempar, s.f., pi. dgempars, ' jumper ' : an instrument used in
slate quarries for boring holes. There are two kinds — dgempar
uru and dgempar vanu.
dgerman, dgermon, s.m., Eng. journeyman, 'a man employed by
the day by quarrymen for splitting and dressing slates '.
dgero, s.m., 'a tough customer', I.W. = he:n walx (JJ-)j ™u
he:n dgero gurjon (O.H.).
dgest, dest, gest, adv., Eng. just. Cf. Eng. (Dial.) jest, Shr., Oxf.,
Som. (i) 'on the point of, all but' : du i dgest am vynd i laur,
' I am just going down ' ; r sdu i dgest 3m barod, ' I am just
ready ' ; dgest i lond o, ' just full ' ; may r amsar dgest ar ben, ' the
time is just up ' ; r sdu i dgest a ledy, ' I am almost sinking ' (with
the weight) ; r 9du i dgest a gola ifo di:od, ' I am almost ablaze for
a drink ' ; ru:an dgest, ' just now '. (2) ' exactly ' : dgest ry: va:6,
1 just the same ' (= ?n in/on).
dgtynar, s.m., pi. dgeynerja(i)d, 'joiner'.
dgeynt, s.f., pi. dgeintja. Cf. Eng. geynt(t)e, i5th cent., Dial,
jeint, ' joint ' : rhoi karag dros 9 dgeintja, in building.
'dgilifrit \^silifrif\.
dgob, s.f., pi. dgobsys, 'job': gw'eWjo ar dgob, 'to work by the
piece '.
dgob, s., ' ? mass ' : sarQjo ny:n dgob, ' to fall flop, to fall full length ' ;
— ma: r plant wedigneyd 3 davab dny:n dgob igi:d. Cf. {Nes ai 'r ddwy
lob yn job i'r jail '. C. — Annogaeth i bawb feindio ei fusnes ei hunan.
dgob, dgobyn, s., siobyn, D., ' apex, apiculus ' ; 'a tuft ' (of hair,
etc.) : riu dgobyn ar i dalkan o (I.W.).
dgobjo, v., Eng. job = dobjo.
dgoktii, s.m., Eng. jockey, 'a horse-breaker' = torur h/yla.
[' Jockey ' is so used in Shropshire.]
dgox, s.m. (i) ' a drink, draught, gulp ' : dgo\ o levriQ, ' a drink
of milk ' ; i laur a vo:y:n dgox, ' down with it at one gulp '. (2) ' a
spurt of liquid ' : terwalt dgox o hono vo ; — dgox o boiri.
dgoxjo, v. (i) 'to spill, spurt over' : may r du:r 9n dgoxjo, 'the
water is spilling, spurting over '. (2) ' to squirt ' : dgoxjo du:r o i
ge:g am ben 9 bobol, ' to squirt water from one's mouth over people '
(O.K.). (3) ' to gulp ' : dgoxjo bytta — teukjo (O.H.).
dgoUhffutjo, dgolihoitjo, v., ' to fool about, to gallivant '. — mynd i
laur i r dre: i dgolihautjo. Cf. gwilihoban.
dgolpan — eda 117
dgolpan, s.f., ' a silly wench ' : he:n dgolpan wirjon.
dgolpjo, v., ' to play the fool ' (of women).
0 grulaQ
of tobacco
1 1 don't care a fig for him '.
dgu:al, s.m., pi. dgu:ah, ' ear-ring '.
dgug, s.f., pi. dgugja, 'jug '.
d&gjad, s.f., pi. d>idja, ' jugful '
dgrtko, call to poultry.
e, e:, in na:K e, nag e, D. ; Mid.W. nac ef; cf. W.B. col. 67. 17,
' no ' [no] ; and in nt e: ?, t e: ?, onid e ?, used in interrogations
expecting the answer ' yes ' [»/].
e:, interj., idi o n da:S e:, odjaQ o da/
ebil, s.m., pi. ebitfon, piffon, ebill, D., ' borer, drill ' (used in
quarries, etc.). — Sometimes a greenhorn at a quarry is sent to ask
for an ebi£ deydul.
ebol, s.m., pi. boljon, ebol, D., ' foal ' (after weaning) : r u:ti vel
ebol blu:y§!> said of some one who frisks and plays about like
a child ; dail karn ebol, ' colt's foot ' (Tussilago Farfara).
ebra, v., eb, heb, D. ; cf. heb yr ynteu, R.B. 245. 13 ; eb yr mi,
W.S. [Quod I]; heb 'r ef, D.F. [172] 9; ebr, B.C. 7. 13; 10. 9,
etc. ; in ebra vi, ebra vo, ' said I, said he ' (only used by old
people).
ebril, s., Ebrill, D., ' April ' : m#ur& a !a:d, ebril a vh'y (prov.),
' March slays, April flays ' ; / 9dt eira 3n ebril dim an sevyt mu:y na
sevi6 u:y ar ben ebi'l (trosol), ' snow in April lies no longer than an
egg will lie on the top of a drill (crowbar) ' ; sat eira m ebri£ mu:y
na rhmjon meun rhidil (O.H.), ' snow in April lasts no longer than
oatmeal in a sieve ' ; hgad ebril = dail 9 peils, ' the lesser celandine '
(Ranunculus Ficaria).
ebux, s., ebwch, D. ; B.C. 56. 12; C.C.M. 163. 17; 'a strong
effort ' : da\i dim an tri:o, da\i dim ?y gn'eyd ebu\ i neyd o, ' you are
not trying : you are not making a real effort to do it ' ; — mi do:6
vel ebux ag mi /razvod hi i laur (O.H.), expressing a sudden unex-
pected action.
eda, s.f., pi. davad, edau, D., ' thread ; woollen yarn ' : eda dy:,
wen, ' black, white thread ' ; eda n#duy&} ' thread ' ; eda gwrodab,
1 1 8 edliu — efro
' linen thread ' ; eda driflig, eda dair gai'yk, ' thread of three strands ' ;
davab gwey, ' wool ', e. g. for knitting ; davab gwaun, ' gossamer ' ;
dirwin davad, * to wind a skein ' ; matja davab, ' woollen mats ' ;
demx a naduyb ag eda i mi roi bottum arno vo, ' bring a needle and
thread for me to put a button on it ' ; rhoux ?r eda an 3 n0duy§,
' thread the needle ' ; wedi gwisgo at ar eda, ' threadbare '.
edliu, v., edliw, D. Pret. S. 3. edliujod, ( to reproach, upbraid ' :
edliu i dy:n am . . ., edliu dragjoni dy:n.
ednod, s.pl., ednogyn, D., ' culex, musca ', and s.v. ' scabro ' ;
'eggs of flies' (in meat, etc.) (J.J.): buru ednod, 'to lay eggs'
(of insects) (O.H.).
edrax, v., edrych, D. Fut. S. i. draxa. Imperative edrax,
draxa', draxux. (i) 'to look (at), to throw glances, to glance ':
edrax *n aru orni hi, ' to look intently at her ' ; may r plant
an driyo i vany ag an edrax dros 9 klaub, ' the children are
climbing up and looking over the wall ' ; edrax tru: r gwry:x,
* to look through the hedge ' ; edrax dan i sgaval, ' to knit the
brows, to frown (upon) ' ; edrax an bgad a geinjog, ' to weigh
every penny carefully '. (2) ' to look, appear ' : da\i n edrax in
we!, ' you look better ' ; may r oraing an edrax m sy:r, l the orange
looks sour ' ; may himeun oydran garu ag edrax mor da:, ( she looks
very well considering her great age '. (3) ' to make inspection, to
see ' : d0u\ i edrax ta, os na 'xoiljuxi, ' come and see then if you
don't believe ' ; wedi tri:o gneyd po:b pe:B edrax na:nu godi, ' having
tried to do everything to see whether they would get up ' ; edrax
ar ax o:l xi 3du i, i edrax sy daxin bihavjo obi kartra, ' I am looking
after you to see how you behave yourself away from home '.
(4) with am, ' to see, visit ' : mynd i edrax am dano vo, ' to go to
see him ' ; mi 8o:0 o i edrax am a nhaid, * he came to see my
grandfather ' ; — also ' to look for ' (= °xwiljo am). (5) with ar o:l,
' to see after, look after ' : may o n edrax ar o:l i bre:s an jaun,
1 he looks well after the money '.
edraxjad) s.m., edrychiad, D., s.v. ' facies ' ; * appearance ' : o ran
edraxjad, ' as far as appearances are concerned '.
efad, s.m., pi. efeiBja, ephaith, G.R. [194] 14; effaith, R. ;
' effect '.
efeiejo,fei6jo,v., epheithio, G.R. [194] 14; effeithio, S.E., {to
have an effect upon, to affect ' : ma: r leyad an efeiBjo ar aniv'e'iljad
(J. J.), ' the moon has an effect upon animals ' ; / adi o dim an efeiQjo
ar ax bytta, ' it does not affect your appetite ' ; may o wedi feiBjo n
aru arno vo, * it has had a great effect upon him '.
efei&jol, adj., effeithiol, S.E.*, < effectual ' : wedi wela vo n efeiBjol
efro, adj.. effro, D., c awake ' : may o n efro ; — rhuy kasgy ag efro,
1 between sleeping and waking '.
egar — ti&o 119
egar, adj., egyr, W.S. [Aeygre] ; eger, C.L.C. ii. 23; egr, D.,
' bad, rough, cold ' (applied esp. to weather) : durnod egar jaun,
' a very cold, rough day ' ; dsrnod egar, ' a painful blow ' ; far ad in
egar, ' to speak roughly, saucily '.
fgt'n, s.pl., sing, eginin, egin, D., * sprouts, shoots ' : e&in main 3r
y:d, ' tender shoots of corn ' ; e&in krrvjon, * healthy sprouts ', e. g.
of potatoes appearing above the ground.
e&*no> &no> v-> egino> D., < to sprout ', e. g. of corn.
egluys, s.f., pi. egluisi, egluysyb, eglwys, D., ' church ' : da\i n
mynd i r egluys ?, ' do you go to church ? ' ; may o wedi troi i r
egluys, ' he has gone over to the church ' ; Kin dlottad a fgodan
egluys, ' as poor as a church mouse '.
egluysrag, s.f., eglwyswraig, S.E., ' churchwoman '.
egluysur, s.m., eglwyswr, D., ' churchman '.
*gtyri adj., eglur, D., ' clear ' : farad m eglyr, 'to speak clearly ' ;
may n eglyr ( •= amlug) i mi, ' it is clear to me '. Cf. amlug.
eglyro, v., egluro, D., ' to explain '.
egni, s., egni, D., * effort, vigour ' : gneyd i egni, ' to do one's
best ' ; a i hc^ egni, nerd i egni, * with all one's might '.
cgras, s.m. Eng. (Dial.), ee-grass, ea-grass, eye-grass, hay-
grass, hee-grass [aftermath, after-grass]. Cf. also N.E.D., s.v.
* eegrass '. Applied to grass, etc., one year old : ka:y o egras
blu:y& ; devaid ym porir egras m zgwanuyn. Also used adjectively,
gwair egras, ' hay one year old ' ; klovar egras. — (J.J. ; O.H.)
esry> v-» eoru> D., s.v. ' muceo ' ; ' to go sour ' : may r levriQ
wedi egry, ' the milk has gone sour '. Also * to go bad ' (of
butter, etc.).
egryn, s., (?) *egryn, D., ' timor, tremor, trepidatio '. Cf. M.F.,
S.v. / o:ys na fa'm egryn o wynl he'tiju (O.H.) = evlyn.
eguyd, s.m., pi. eguydyb, egwyd, D., 'fetlock'.
eguyl, s., egwyl, R., ' lull ' : mi a: i m 9r egul ma, ' I will go
during this lull ' ; tasa eguyl i mi vynd, ' if the storm abated
sufficiently for me to go ' ; na:6 i dim egul o him&a he&ju i neyd
dim, ' there has not been a moment's lull in the weather to-day to
do anything '.
egwan, adj., egwan, D., * weak, delicate ' : plant egwan.
eidjon, s.m., pi. eidjona, eidion, D., ' bullock '.
eidrol, s., eidral, D. (Bot.) : dail r eidrol, ' ground ivy ' (Glechoma
hederacea).
mil, ttil; yvyl (O.H.), adj., eiddil, D., 'spare, slender, frail'.
ado, s.m., eiddo, D., ' property ' : dy:n ag e&o gmo vo, ' a man of
1 2 b eigjon — eirja s
property ' ; may o wedi kayl hmmyd i eido 0:8 arno vo, 'he got
deprived of his property ' ; gwasgary r eido ar o:l maru, ' to dissi-
pate (some one's) property after his death ' ; eido i vi 9di o, ' he is
my property '.
eigjon, s.m., eigion, D., ' depths ' : i eigjon isa r mo:r, ' to the
depths of the sea ' ; yy yw'eylod tigjon 9 mo:r ; wedi S9r6jo i r eigjon,
•wedi s9rBjo dros graig i r eigjon ; — mi trawa i o i eigjon r avon ma,
' I'll knock him to the very bottom of the river ' ; yy ghanol (9m
mhervati) eigjon 9 mmrioS, 'in the very heart of the mountains'.
(All O.K.).
eil, s.f., in eil vaun, ' a shed near a house for keeping peat '.
eildyd, s., eilddydd, ' second day ' : bo:b dy:§ ne bo:b 9n eilbyb
(O.K.).
eiljad, s.m., eiliad, ' moment ' : meun eiljad, * in a moment '.
eiljan, dyw gwyl Elian, W.S. [Hyllarys day] : aur vaur kalan (or
jonaur\ du:y u:yl Viljan a Bair u:yl vair, os na by:b hi n bedair, ' the
days lengthen by a good hour by the first of January, two by
St. Elian's day, three if not four by the Annunciation '. (eiljan
I.W.; ftr/a/O-H.)-
eiljo, v., eilio, D., ' to wattle '.
eilwaB, adv., eilwaith, D., ' a second time ' : pryn hem, pryn
eilwaB, pryn newyb, ve bery byB (prov.), ' buy old, buy again : buy
new, it will last for ever '.
einjos, s., einioes, D., s.v. ' vita ' ; c life ' : 9n v* einjos (my it) welts
i 9 va:6 be:B o r bla:yn, * I never saw such a thing before in my
life'.
eira, s.m., eira, D., ' snow ' : buru eira, ' to snow ' ; may hi n
magy eira, ' snow is coming ' ; may r eira n de:u, dru\ys, may hi n
eira maur, ' the snow is deep ' ; may n plyo eira maur, ' it is snow-
ing large flakes ' ; dut y kovjo tri eira maur, ' I remember three great
snow-falls'; ar eira maur, 'in time of deep snow'; pelan eira,
' snow-ball ' ; kasag eira, ' a (rolled) snow-ball ' ; knu:d o eira, ' a
fall of snow '; kodan eira, ' puff-ball ' ; (c6d euraid (?) D., coden
hyred, O.P.) ; adar (»r) eira, ' fieldfares ' (Turdus pilaris) ; \wiljo
am eira lma§, ' to be on a fruitless quest '.
eirin, s.pl., sing, eiran, eirin, D. (i) ' plums ' : eirin mo:\, l haws '
(Bangor) ; eirin perBi, eirin ba:\ tcigy, ' sloes '. (2) ' testicles '.
eirjas (eirjos O.H. sometimes), s.; eirias and eirias-dan, D., a word
without definite meaning, expressive of heat or flame : tendja di,
may n eirjos bo:y& (O.H.), c mind, it is burning hot ' (but not
necessarily red-hot) ; . . . a vo n eirjas o r ta:n (O.H.), * ... though
it was hot from having been just taken out of the fire ' ; 9n y:n
eirjas o dam (O.H.), 'one mass of fire ' (speaking of the phosphor-
escent sea) ; ma na eirjas o dam, ' there is a splendid fire ' (i.e. in
the grate).
eirjaB — eli 121
eirjaB, s., aeriaeth, C.C.M. 214. 7, ' inheritance ' = pe:6ar o:lru:in.
eirjo, v., ' to air '.
eirlau, s.m., ' sleet '.
eisin, s., eisin, D., (in bolting) ' the roughest part of the flour ' =
bran ; eisin si:/, ' husks produced in purifying oats '.
eiBa, adj., adv. eithaf, D. (i) before a noun or adjective, 'very
good, excellent, splendid ; very, perfectly ' : may n eiBa kryor, ' it
is very good advice ' ; mi vasa n eiBa pe:B i ii vynd mo, ' it would be
a splendid thing for you to go there ' ; eiBa gwat'B a vo:, ' serve him
right ' ; may fanny n eiBa gw:ir, ' that is very true ' ; eiBa te:g,
' perfectly fair ' ; may hmny n e'iBa da: ond . . ., ' that is all very well,
but . . .' ; so with gin and a pronoun : mi 0:8 ?n eiBa /in inad o:ybt
' I was very glad it was not '. (2) standing by itself ' pretty good,
well enough ' : o:& o n eiBa, l it was pretty good ' ; edrax yn eiBa,
gubodm eiBa, ' to look, to know well enough '. — Substantively : we/is
j eiBa vo, ' I have seen his worst '.
e'iBin, s.pl., sing. e'iBinan, eithin, D., ' gorse ' : lu:yn e'iBin, ' gorse-
bush ' ; tumpaB e'iBin, ' a dwarfed rounded gorse-bush — the effect of
having been cropped K;~ olicc^ ' (GO O.H., but the latter is often
used for gorse-bush in general, I.W.) ; silod e'iBin, ' small stunted
gorse '.
e'iBinog, adj., eithinog, L.G.C., 52 [40] ' abounding in gorse'.
ekrux, s.m., ecrwch, T.N. 10. 2, ' roughness ' (esp. of the weather):
fkrux garu jaun. Cf. egar.
ekstro, s.m. Cf. exdro, C.C.M. 174. 3; acstro, W.LI. (Voc.),
s.v. ' echel ' ; ' brace and bit ' (carpenter's tool).
e\al, s.f., pi. exela, exelyS, echel, D., ' axle ' : mynd 0:8 ar i exal,
1 to lose one's temper ' ; paid a i dmny o o:d ar i exal, ' don't upset
him'.
exely, v., echelu, f to place on an axle ' : dim wedi exely n jaun
(speaking of a cart-wheel).
exnos, s. and adv., echnos, R., ' the night before last '.
extoy ; extob (E.J.), s. and adv., echdoe, D., ' the day before yester-
day'.
exuyn, s.m., echwyn, D., ' loan ' : neuxi roid exuyn o dorB i mi V,
'will you lend me a loaf?' ; taly r exuyn adra, 4 to pay the loan
back ; to retaliate '.
eli, s.m., eli, D., ' salve, ointment': ma: nu y gosod nu meun
padal i xusy, &g wedyn ma: nu y gwasgy nu ag ?y gneyd eli hevo nu,
' they put them in a pan to " sweat ", and then they press them and
make a salve with them ' ; dsmma eli ?x kalon an du:ad ruany ' here's
the delight of your heart coming now ', i.e. tea ; mi ro: i ti eli I
122 eor — enu
(ironically, to crying child), ' I'll make it better ! ' ; tori mhen a rhoid i
mi eli (prov. exp.), ' to do me an irreparable injury and then offer a
slight atonement' ; eli r indja, ' zinc ointment ' (I.W.).
elor, s.m., elor, D., * bier '.
elu, s.m., elw, D., l gain, profit ' : hurax gna:nu elu go da: i x*\
' perhaps they will bring in a good deal of profit for you ' ; o bo:b
gwaiB da:u elu (prov.), ( every work brings gain '. See also helu.
elvan, s., elfen, D. (i) ' element ' : may o m i elvan, ' he is in his
element'. (2) < natural inclination, tendency'; ma na riu elvan
ri'o:d 9no vo i bu:yn (O.H.), 'he has a kind of natural tendency to
steal' (= asgari); magy elvan 9no vo, 'to excite a tendency in
him'.
ela, adv., fe allai, ' perhaps ' [gafy\.
embyd, adj., enbyd, D., ' periculosus ' ; embyd, B.C. 51. 25,
' dangerous ' ; * enormous ' ; also ' extremely, excessively ' : basun i n
leikjo n embyd, 1 1 should like extremely '.
embadys, adv., enbydus, W.S. [Dangerouse], ' extremely, exces-
sively ' : r 0:8 o n val\ emfadys, ' he was excessively proud '.
enaid, s.m., pi. eneidja, enaid, D., ' soul ' : u6i hi nerB enaid a
xorf, l at it might and main '.
enfyn, s.m., enllyn, D., ' anything eaten with bread, as butter,
meat, cheese, etc. ' : / o:ys gin i dim enjyn, ' I have nothing to eat but
dry bread '.
ennil, znnil, v., ennill, W.B. col. 167. 5; ynnill, D. ; M.LI. i.
193- i, 3> 4; W.L1. ii. 64, 65, 67, 70. Fut. nila. Pret.
mil's. Imperative nila ; nilux, ' to gain, win, earn ' ; enil ser\, ' to
win affection ' ; wa:yB i \i geinjog 'sbarju\i na Keinjog 'niluxi, ' a
penny saved is a penny gained ' ; os na -ventru\i be6 'niluxi dim,
1 nothing venture, nothing have ' ; rvo: nilod, l he won ' ; may
r mo:r dn mni\ ar 3 ti:r^ ( the sea is encroaching ' ; — of a watch :
2nnil ta koli ma hi ?, ' does it gain or lose ? '
ennil, s., pi. nil/on, ynnill, D., ' gain ' : wedi gwastrafy i ni}fon,
1 having squandered his savings '.
, s., entrych, D., ' the highest point of the heavens ', esp.
9r awyr. — may r deryn wedi mynd i r entryx (O.H.), 'the
bird is soaring up to the sky ' ; dy:n wedi kal i xufy gin bmdur i r
entryx i V9ny (O.H.), ' a man blown up by gunpowder '. (Frequently
used by O.H.)
enu, henu (eno), s.m., pi. enwa, enw, henw, D., s.v. ' nomen '.
(i) ' name ' ; be di d enu di ?, ' what is your name ? ' ; sy daxi n
sun/o x enu ?> ' how do you pronounce your name ? ' ; / oy:s dim enu
envy s — erbyn 123
arm hi, ' it has no name ' ; tori enu, ' to sign one's name ' ; n eno r
ta:d/, n eno r laid (annul) /, exclamation of surprise. (2) 'reputa-
tion (good or bad) ' : 9y kayl yr enu o vo:d . . ., ' having the
reputation of being . . .'.
envys, envysg, henvysg, s.f., enfys, D., Passim Enfysg, ' rainbow '.
enwad, s., pi. enwada, en wad, O.P., 'sect': by:d rh'e'i n dadla m
boyB am i henwada, l some people dispute hotly about their religious
beliefs '.
enwi, v., enwi. D. Imperative PI. 2. enwu\ (O.H.). Pret. Pass.
ennuyd, ' to name '.
enwog, adj., enwog, D. (i) 'conceited, vain'. (2) * famous '.
enwyn, adj., enwyn, D., only in lay 6 enwyn, ' buttermilk '.
eyan, s.f., eingion and einion, D. ; eingon, W.B., col. 490. 9,
' anvil ' : mor beygalad ag cyan go:, l as hard-headed (i.e. obstinate)
as an anvil ' ; Kiy glettad ag eyan, ' as hard as an anvil '.
eylyn, s.m., pi. eybnjon, englyn, D., s.v. « epigramma ' ; ' englyn '.
eplas \heplas\.
eplesy, v., eplesu, heplesu, * to ferment '.
er, prep., er, D. (i) ' since ' : er neiQjur, ' since last night '; er
pen may hi wedi gl'eyo, ' since it was light ' ; — er s, ar s, as, er
ys, ' for (of past time), since, ago ' : er s meitin, ' since some
little time ', ' some little time ago ' ; er s talum, ' since a good
time ', ' a good time ago ' ; er s talum jaun, * since a long time ',
' a long time ago ' ; e r s fro:, ' lately, for some time ' ; er s tro: by:d,
f a very long time ago, since a very long time ' ; er s amsar maiQ,
1 for, since a long time ' ; vy:o vo dim ymma er s talum jaun , ' he has
not been here for a long time ' ; may o 9mma er s dsrnodja, ( he has
been here for days ' ; mi welis i o er s tair blmab, ' I saw him three
years ago '. (2) ' in spite of ' : er i hoi grvqyB t ydt o dim m
happy s T— so ' although ' : er ibo n'e'yt hnny neiB o dim luy&o,
' although he did that, he will not succeed '. (3) with muyn, ' for
the sake of, in order to ' : er mu.yn po:b pe:6 gneu\ hynny, ' do that
by all means ' ; er muyn po:b pe:B peidjux a gneyt hmny, ' don't do
that, whatever you do ' ; m^mryn o 8u:r poyB er muyn ido vo gayl
fodi, ' a drop Of hot water to make it melt '.
erbyn, prep., erbyn, D. (i) ' against, in opposition to* (preceded
by m), l%i:o kaylrubaB 9n y\ (h}erbyn xi, or i\ (h)erbyn, * to try and
rake up something against you ' ; farad m i erbyn, ' to speak
against him ' ; da\i n erbyn mynd ?, ' do you object to go ? ' (2)
' against, implying contact with ' (preceded by m) : faro i ben m
erbyn 9 parad, ' to strike one's head against the wall ' (usually
expressed by m y parad) ; sevy[ M erbyn 9 wal, ' to lean against the
wall '. (3) ' against, for, as a provision for ' ( = argwar) ; rhostjo
I24 ergid — eryr
gu.yd erbyn dolig, ' to roast a goose for Christmas ' ; vzda i y gorvod
kzmmyd pe6 heno erbyn vory, ' I am obliged to take some to-night
for to-morrow morning ' ; — as a conjunction : erbyn da:u hi etto,
* for when she comes again '. (4) ' for, to wait for ' : kodi saxad ar
ben klaub erbyn i drol baf'o, ' to put a sack on the top of a wall to
wait for a cart to pass (" against" the passing of a cart) '. (5) * by,
by the time ' : mi do: i n o:l erbyn Kinjo, ' I shall be back by dinner-
time ' ; erbyn hyn, ' by this ' ; erbyn hmny, ' by that time ' ; erbyn
du:ad m i hod, ' by the time she was back ' ; — used as a conjunction ;
erbyn -briuxi garlra, 'by the time you are home'. (6) 'from, to'
(a resisting object) : hoy j an erbyn traust, ' to hang to a beam '
(speaking of a human being). (7) ' by ' (preceded by 2n) : mi tmna
i di: m erbyn d? gly:st ti, ' I'll pull you by the ear ' ; itonny hi n erbyn
gwadl if en, ' to pull her by the hair of her head '.
ergid, s.f., pi. ergtdjon, ergyd, D. (i) 'a blow'. (2) ' a blast',
e.g. in a quarry. (3) ' shot ', such as is used in a gun. (4) ' shot '
(the sound).
erroyd, wi'oyd, ri-oyd, adv., erioed, D.; yrioed, W.LI. Ixxii. 26 ;
'riod, B.C. 66. 31. (i) ' in the course of one's existence ' ; mi ge:s
i lawar tro\va eri'oyd (O.H.), ' I have had many a soaking in my
life '. (2°) * ever ' (referring to past time) : welis i eri'oyd dy:n ba:\
mor 'crnivir avo,ll never saw such a disagreeable man ' ; 9 Ki:g
gora glu:is i eri'o:d, ' the best meat I ever tasted ' ; vy:om i ri'o:d m
9 ywely am Surnod, ' I never spent a day in bed ' ; welis i rotfun
(= erioed ifasiwn) be:& (erroyd)!, 'I never saw such a thing!'
(3) * always ', i.e. since his birth, since its beginning, etc. ; baxgan
avjaxjaun qy:8 o eri'oyd, ' he was always a sickly youth '.
erxuyn ; exuyn (W.H.), pi. erxwinjon, s.f., erchwyn and erchwynn,
D., ' side of a bed (where one gets out) ' : le: da\i y hsgy ? uQ 3
par ad ta ud 3r erxuyn /*
erxyl, adj., erchyll, D., ' terrible ' : turu erxyl; — tro: erxyl, { an
abominable, shameful action '.
ernas, s.f., ernes, D., * earnest-money ' : su:lt o ernas.
er6yl, s., erthyl, D., ' abortion '.
ervyn, v., erfyn, D., ' to entreat ' : ervyn arno vo (i).
enyn [arva].
eru, s.f., erw, D., 'acre' (I.W.). O.H. considers the word
obsolete. — Common in place-names, e. g. eru vair (in Bangor), eru
gron, eru gregog (in Llanfairfechan).
eryr, s.m., pi. erwod, eryr, D. (i) 'eagle'. (2) 'shingles'
(disease). [Certain people were supposed to be able to cure it by
blowing on it. To acquire the power they were supposed to eat
the flesh of eagles, or it was supposed that their ancestors had
done so.]
erm — tslyn 125
enri, s.pl., eryri, D., ' shingles', see above (2).
es£id, s.f., pi. sgidja, esgid, D., ' shoe, boot ' : pa:r o s&idja, ' a
pair of boots ' ; tguyn esgid, ' toe of a boot ' ; Kcvn es£id, * uppers ' ;
kara es&id, * boot-lace ' ; gwaltas cs&id, ' shoe-welts ' ; rhmix 9\
sgidja am 9\ tgayd, ' put your boots on ' ; hnny sgidja, ' to take off
boots ' ; [nay sgidja, ' to clean boots ' ; gloivi sgid/a, * to polish
boots ' ; hiro sgidja a saim, ' to grease boots ' ; kay, dafod s&idja,
1 to lace, unlace boots ' ; klem o dan csgid, l a patch underneath a
shoe ' ; may r es&id ma n do:st ar 3 ghorn, ' this shoe hurts my corn '
may Kevn 9r esgidma 9m brivo nrhoyd i\ ' this boot hurts my instep '
na i if'o kobljo tippin ar 9 s&idja, * I must mend my shoes a bit '
sodli a gwadny sgidja, ' to sole and heel boots ' ; / 9di r s&idja ma
dim 9n dal du:r, 'these boots let in water '= may r s&idja ma 9y
koU du:r ; pa: s&idja da\t am wisgo fo'ibju /, ' which boots are you
going to wear to-day ? ' ; du i y gwisgo V9 sfeidja ar 9r o\ra, ' I wear
out my boots on the sides ' ; d eu\i byQ i v? sgidja i:, ' you will never
get into my shoes ' ; may o n land i s^idja, ' he is a pompous man '.
esgis, s.m., pi. es^isodjon^ es£if'on, sgifa, esgus, and esgusod, D.,
' excuse ' : hel esgis, ' to find an excuse '.
esgisodi, v., esgusodi, D., ' to excuse ' : neu\i v esgisodi »iV, ' will
you excuse me ? '
esgob, s.m., pi. esgobjon, esgob, D., ' bishop '.
esgor, v., esgor, D., 'to bring forth '.
esi0, s., ' wattle made of hazel to strengthen the eaves and the top of
the thatch : gwi:al 9m piety tru: r sbaratf (O.H.). D. has aseth,
' scolops ' ; — ' a sharp pointed spar, to fasten thatch ' (pi. esyth),
O.P. Cf. however D.G. cxl. 31, * Da nithiodd (i.e. y gwynt) dy do
neithwyr ! Hagr y tores dy essyth/
esmuy6, adj., comp. smuyBax, esmwyth, D. (i) ' soft, pleasant ':
esmuyB dan droyd (J.J.), ' soft for walking on, pleasant under foot ' ;
le: esmuyB i gerdad, e.g. mznyd fyvn, gwastad (O.H.) — also geirja
esmuyB. (2) * comfortable ', e.g. of a garment. (3) • easy in mind ' :
un i Sim syt 9 may o n esmuyB 9n i gro.yn, ' I don't know how he can
be at ease in his mind ' ; esmuyB gu:sg, pottas maip (prov.), ' tranquil
sleep, turnip pottage', i.e. 'it is better to be contented with little
than to live luxuriously on ill-gotten gains'. [The origin of the
phrase (so the story goes) was as follows : Two families, equally
poor, lived in neighbouring cottages, but whereas one lived on the
poorest fare, the other had plentiful supplies of mutton. The reason
was at length made clear when the head of the latter family was
hanged for sheep-stealing.] (4) ' easy ' (of some one who has
been in pain). (5) ' mild ' (of the weather).
estron, s.m., pi. stronjaid, estron, D., ' stranger '.
estyn, 9styn, v., estyn, D., but ystyn s.v. ' porrigo ' ; ystynn R.B.
126 esys — ewin
229.17. Fut. stmna. Pret. stmnis. Imperative estyn, zstyn, stmna ;
stmnux- (i) 'to stretch out' : estyn i go:ys, 'to stretch out one's
leg ' ; fig. ' to die ', " to kick the bucket ". (2) 'to reach, to get ' :
eslyn glo:, ' to get coal ' ; stmnux lu:y in U: hon, ' get a spoon instead
of this'.
esys, ey/os, adv., eisoes, D. ; eusys, D.F. [6] 26 ; B.C. 24. 5,
25. 29, 28. 23; P.G.G. 328. 22, 'already': may o ey/os wedi
darvod, ' he has finished already '.
etto, adv., etto, D. (i) ' again ' : brzfux amma etto, ' come and see
us again soon ' ; mi da:u o 9 pnaun ma etto, ' he will come again
this afternoon ' ; na: iroid rheini an i kola etto ar o:lixi or/an, ' I'll
put these back again when you've finished'; vefy etto, 'ditto'.
(2) ' yet, still ' : dary mi dim gneyd mistar ami hi etto, ' I have not
mastered it yet ' ; mi do: i hy:d atto vo etto, ' I shall find him yet ' ;
may na dippin o forb etto, 'it is some way still'. — Often used like
French ' encore ' where English usage requires ' another ' or ' more '
as : "gzmmuxi ' gupanad etto ?, ' will you have another cup ? ' ; y:n bur
etto if'o i glirjo, ' one more table to be cleared'. (3) ' another time '
(Anglo-Welsh ' again ') : mi beyda i 'uQaxi etto, ' I'll tell you another
time '.
eur, s., Mid.W. efwr (cf. examples in notes to B.B.C. p. 136),
1 cow parsnip ' (Heracleum sphondylium).
eval, s.f., \>\. gzveiljad, gefail, D., 'smithy'.
eval, s.f., pi. gmeiljad, gefail, D., ' tongs ', also eval dam, for the
sake of distinction ; eval bsdola (bsdolt J.J.), ' pincers ' ; eval gnay,
' nut-crackers ' ; eval/ugur, « sugar-tongs ' ; eval gu:n, ' dog-tongs '
(used in Llanfairfechan church in the time of the grandfather of the
present sexton, O.H.) ; ksmala r eval, ' the joints of the tongs '
(O.K.) ; ko.ys r eval, ' leg of the tongs '.
eval, s.m.f. pi. gro'&ljad, gefell, D., Non Gefaill vt aliis placet.
Est enim pi. Gefelltaid. ' twin ' : day (du:y) eval •adynu, ' they are
twins ' ; day o:yn eval, ' twin lambs '.
eveyil, s.f., efengyl, D., ' gospel ' : Kin wirad a r eveyyl.
evlyn, s. : dim evlyn o wynt, ' not a breath of air ' (O.H. fre-
quently).
evra, s.pl., efrau, D., s.v. ' zizania ' ; O.F. evraie, ' couch-grass '
(Triticum).
ewa, ewa, O.P., a polite term used in addressing old men. Cf.
boba. Practically obsolete.
ewax, s., ewach, O.P., ' a small wizened person ' : he:n ewax sa:l,
he:n ewax o he:n 8y:n.
ewas, fern, of ewa (O.H.).
ewin, s.f., pi. wtna(d), gwtna($), ewin, D., c nail ' (of the hand or
ewyn — ey/os
127
foot) ; ' claw ' (e. g. of a cat) ; ' hoof ' (of a cow) : nerB ewin ag
esgyrn, ' tooth and nail ' ; nerd 9 de:y ewin, ' hard work ' ; e.g. be sy
gmo vo at vyu ? dim ond nerd P de:y ewin ; — x*-'s * Mm Kimmint a
tru:x v ewin gmo vo, xw * Mm Kimmint a sy dan v ewin, ' I could
get nothing out of him ' ; heb bim dan i ewin, ' without a penny ' ;
rhaid tmny r gwinab o r ble:u, ' one must set to in earnest ' ; gwina
r ga:B, ' the crooked yellow stonecrop ' (Sedum reflexum) ; &ewin
moxyn, a kind of shell said to be fairly common in the district, but
the specimen shown appeared to be a foreign species (Crepidula
unguiformis) ; gwina garlag, ' cloves of garlic '. Cf. /ewin.
ewyn, s., ewyn, D., ' foam ', seldom used =./ro6.
ewyrB, s.m., pi. ewrirod, ewythr, D., ' uncle '.
eylod, s.f., pi. loda, aelod, D., * limb, member ' : du i wedi ka:yl
annuyd tru: 9 loda i gi:d, ' I have got cold in all my limbs ' ; mynd
ar i bedar eylod, ' to go on all fours '. In the sense of ' a
member of a community ', eylod may be either gender.
eyluyd, s.f., pi. Pyluydyb, aelwyd, D., ' hearth ' : may hi ar ?r
eyluyd ar hy:d 9 dy:8, ' she (the cat) is on the hearth all day ' ; haub
kmna ta:n ar he:n eyluyd (prov.), ' it is easy to light a fire on an old
hearth ', i. e. ' an old friendship easily returns '.
eyog, adj., euog, D., l guilty' : followed by the prep. o.
eyrax, s.m., pi. rjaxod, eurych, D. (i) * tinker ' : amlab vel rjaxod,
vel day eyrax> ' to fight like tinkers ' ; fry:o vel rja\od lanar\rnu&
(O.H), ' to quarrel like the tinkers of Llanerchymedd ' ; — as term of
reproach : he:n eyrax (O.H.). (2) 'emasculator ' = kweirjur.
eyras, s.f., pi. eyresa, acres, C.C.M. 170. 7 ; 214. 6; ' heiress'.
eyron, s.pl., in bgaid r eyron, ' cranberries ' (Vaccinium
Oxycoccos) ; cf. llygad eirian, D., and aeron, ' fruit '.
eyru, s.m., pi. ruyon, aerwy, R. (i) ' a kind of chain attached to
a piece of wood for fastening up cattle '. (2) ' a cord for fastening
panniers to a pack-saddle : baxy ? Kewyl ar gyrn t strodyr hevo
eyru (J.J.).
eyfos [esys].
fa:, s.pl., sing, fey an, f. ffa, D., ' beans ' : rhe:s o fa:, ' a row of
beans ' ; dy:o fa:, ' to shell beans ' ; fa: korsyb, ' marsh trefoil '
(Menyanthes trifoliata), called ' bog-bean ' in parts of England.
fadin, adj., ? Eng. fading (originally name of a dance, see N.E.D.) :
tro: fadin, ' a mean turn, a shabby trick ' ; wedi gneyd 3 tro: muya
fadin •welsoxi ri'o:d (O.H.) ; y:n go fadin zdi o, 'he is a poor sort
of creature '.
faga (J.J., O.H.), s.pl., sing, fagan (O.H.), 'old worn-out
boots ' : riu hem faga o sgidja ; esgid wedi mynd an fagan ; mi
drawis i r he:n fagan am 9 nrho.yd — all O.H. Cf.fagoda,faxla,
flaxod.
fagal, s.m., \>\. fagla, ffagl, D., * faggot ' of straw, gorse, bracken,
heather, etc., but not wood (O.H.) : he:n fagal gwy:U ddi o, ' he is
a very hasty, short-tempered man '.
fagjo, v. (i) ' to be tired, " fagged " ' : wedifagjo n la:n (O.H.).
(2) ' to trample down', e.g. young shoots in a field or garden :
fagjo o dan dra:yd (J.J., O.H.). (3) ' to walk in a slovenly manner,
treading down the heels ' (J.J.).
fagly, v., ffaglu, D., 'to flare up ' : ma: r glo: n fagly n aru ; —
n'e'i'6 glo: sa:l ^tm fagly, a r lal in fagly gormod (O.H.).
fagoda, s.pl., ' old worn-out boots ' (I.W.).
fagud, s., term of reproach : r he:nfagud — applied especially to
children (O.H.).
fair, s.f., pl.feirja, fair, W.S. (i) 'fair': fair vaygor hannar
ha: ; fair lambad, i.e. Llanbedr y Cennin ; fair pen tsmmor, ' fair at
the end of the season when farm-servants are hired* (Nov. 13);
fair gwlo£t, ' hiring fair ' ; fair ve:l, ' honey fair ' — a fair at Conway
so called ; fair okfun, ' auction ' ; may hi wedi bo:d an fair hevo vi
h'e'ibju, 'I have been very busy to-day'. (2) 'exchange': fair
bemban, ' a perfect exchange '. (3) ' negotiation as to terms,
bargaining ' : guBjo 9 fair m i bla:yn rhuy 3 day.
fai&, s.f., pLfertja, ffaith, O.P., 'fact'.
faktri, s.f., \A.fakfris, ' factory' : faktris i n'e'yd dava§, 'woollen
yarn factories '.
faxla, s.pl., ' old worn-out boots ' (E.J., J. J.).
fals—faf'un J2g
fats, adj., pi. fetlfon, ffals, S.G. 18. 19; D. (i) < given to
flattery ' : dy:nfals, * flatterer, toady '. (2) ' treacherous ' : fals vet
9 ga:B.
falstar, s.m., falster, W.S. [Falsenesse] ; ffalsder, B.C. 28. 7;
' treachery ; flattery '.
fahtra, s.m. —fahtar^ ' treachery ; flattery '.
falf'o, v., « to flatter ' ; "to suck up ".
falfur, s.m., ffalswr, D.G. ccxxvi. 31, ' flatterer, toady'.
fansi, s.m., ffansi, M.LI. ii. 24. 3 ; P.G.G. 265. 23 ; phansi,
B.C. 6. 9 ; ' fancy ' : peOa fansi, ' fancy articles ' ; swOjo meun
fansi, ' to fall in love '.
fan-si:o> v., phansio, Ecclus. xxxiv. 5, ' to fancy '.
fardjal, s., pl/ard/a/s, fardial, W.S. [A fardell] : r he:n fardjal t ',
term of reproach applied to an old man; peidju\ fardjal farad,
* do not talk nonsense ' ; riu he:n fardjal o &erbad, ' a slouching
gait '— O.H.
fargod, s.m., ffargod, T.N. 405. 6 ; O.P. [a big paunch] : he:n
fargod o he:n dy:n, r ym hy:d a r y:n le:d (O.H.).
farjar, s.m., Eng. farrier, ' veterinary surgeon '.
farm, s.f., pi. /erniyd, ferm, W.S. [A ferme], ' farm ' : ty:farm,
' farmhouse '.
farmjo, v., ' to farm '.
farmur, s.m., pl.farmurs, fermwr, W.S. [A fermour] ; flarmwr,
T.N. 12. n, 'farmer'.
faro, s.m., Pharaoh : he:nfaro o 8y:n, ' a cruel man ' (W.H.).
farwel, farwel, s., ffarwel, M.LI. i. 3. 11, 'farewell, good-bye':
na i deyd farwel i \i ru:an (O.K.), ' I will say good-bye to you
now ' ; wedi kany farwel i r by:d (W.H.), ' having bid farewell to
the world ' ; kany farwel (O.H.) ; farwel ha:, ' Michaelmas daisy '.
farweljo, v., ' to say good-bye ' : nosonfarweljo (O.H.), ' a " send-
off"', 'an evening entertainment to celebrate some one's de-
parture '.
fasno, v., ' to fasten '.
fast, adj., ffast, C.C. 68. 26, 'fast, quick': berwi nfast—z\so
used of the wind, clocks, etc.
fafun, s.m., pi. fafma, ffasiwn, C.L.C. ii. 35. 17; ffassiwn,
C.C.M. 105. 23. (i) 'fashion': gra:t he :n fafun, 'an old-
fashioned grate '. (2) = pa fTasiwn?, ' what kind ? ' : fafun sta:t
o.y8 arno vo ?, ' in what kind of state was he ? ' ; fafun y:n idi o ?,
' what kind of one is it ? ' ; faf'un liu ?, ' what colour ? ' (3)
= 3 va:Q, ' such ' : o:yb fafun gre:d gano vo m t da:d, ' he had
1432 K
1 30 fafmol — feirjo
such trust in his father'; welts i rotfun (erioed ffasiwn) be:6,
' I never saw such a thing '.
fafmol, adj., ' fashionable '.
fat, s.f., flfat, D., ' slap '.
fatjad, s., ' a slap ' : mi rois ifatjad hevo r la:u agorad.
fatjan, v., cf. ffattio, C.C.M. 94. 30 ; ' to strike softly ' : fatjan
darny = dim zn darny njaun.
fat/, s., ' an unfair advantage ' : tendjux t'8o vo gadfatf-arnoxi,
1 take care he does not get an opportunity for revenge ', equivalent
to ' he is only biding his time '.
fattan, s.f., dim. rtfat, ' a light^slap ' : rois i riufatian 180 vo.
favar, s.f., pi. favra, favwr, L.G.C. p. 24. 14; fafyr, W.S. ;
ffafor, D.; ffafr, M.LI. i. 99. 19; B.C. 15. 17; D.P.O. 59. 8;
flfafer, B.C. 85. 14; 'favour': mynd i favar ru:in, 'to get into
some one's favour '.
favrjaQ, s., ffafriaeth, ' favouritism '.
favrjo, v., fafrio, W.S. ; ffafrio, D., s.v. ' faueo ' ; ' to favour '.
favrjol, adj., ffafriol, ' favourable '.
fazvyd, s.pl., ffawydd, sing, ffawydden, P., ' fagus ' ; ' fir-trees ;
deal ' : fawyb ko:x, gwyn, melyn.
fedog, s.f., pi. fedoga, arffedog, D., ' apron '. (Rarely used =
barklod)
fedogad, s.f., arifedogaid, S.E., ' apronful '. Q.fedogad 2 geruras,
in Bwlch y Ddeufaen, Llanfairfechan.
feg, s., Eng. fog, feg, ' hay which has been left to wither as it
stands ' ; also ' grass which grows out of cow-dung, which the
cattle will not eat '.
fet, interj., ffei, D.,fei honot/, ' fie upon you !, for shame ! '
fern, v., Eng. defy, infeia i o, ' I'll warrant '.
fell, s.f., 'file'.
fe'ind, adj., comp. feindjax, ffein, C.C. 483. 2 ; ffeindiach, T.N.
1 1 8. 7. Eng. fine with epenthetic *d' ; cf. vend-=. fen (men) ; also
perhaps influenced by Eng. ' kind '. (i) ' fine ', e. g. of the weather
= bran). (2) ' kind ', dy:nfeind (u6) ; pngeOur feind, a euphemism
for a bad preacher.
feindruyb, s.m., ' kindness '.
feinjo ; finjo (O.H.), v., ' to fine '.
fe'inijo, v., fayntio, W.S. ; ffeintio, M.LI. i. 247. 15, ' to faint'.
feirjo, v., ffeirio, W.LI., liii. 77, 'to exchange, barter' : mi feiris
o hevo vo} ' I exchanged it with him ' ; -leikjaxi feirjo 9 du.y dorQ ma ?,
131
' would you like to exchange these two loaves ? ' ; feirjo hmdeiOas
hevo pobol, ' to mix in society '.
/el, adj., ffel, D., * sharp ' (of a child) = parodi appad, i farad ;
witti, (O.H.). [' Fell ' has a similar sense in Scotland.]
fenast, s.f., pl/nestri, ffenestr, D., ' window ' : may r fenast ty
klepjan (klekjan), ' the window is rattling ' ; edrax tru: r fenast, * to
look out of the window ';; r o:d hi m 9 fenast, ' she was at the
window, looking out of the window ' ; fivl 9 fenast, ' window-sill '.
fendjo, v., ffeindio, T.N. 122. 12. Cf. Eng. fende (i5th cent.),
' to find ' : Imp. fendjun, sometimes used with preterite meaning.
fe:r, s.f., pl.fera ; feri (O.H.), ffer, D., ' ankle-bone ' : meun du:r
at v9/eri.
ferins,feris, s.pl., Eng. fairings, ' sweets ' : in phrase du:ad aferis
0 rfair, ' to bring back sweets from the fair '.
fertyd, adj., fferllyd, D., s.v. ' algidus ' ; ' benumbed '.
fery, v., iferru, D., ' to congeal, become cold ' : may i wa:yd o wedi
fery ; — dy:n wedi f cry i varwolaB, ( a man who has died from cold '.
feryn, s.m., p\.ferma, offer, sing. ofFeryn, D., ' tool, implement ' ;
' instrument ', e. g. organ, harmonium ; cf. arva (sing, ervyri), &:r,
&e:r (sing. Keryri).
fettys, adj., fetus W.S. [Fayctpuse] ; fFetys R. [subtil] ; Mid. Eng.
featous ; fetis [pretty, well made] ; O.F. fetis, feitis, faictis, ' pert,
ready with an answer ' : dymfettys = dy:n farp i appad (O.H.).
fi:dt, adj., ffiaidd, D. (i) 'abominable': drewi n Ji:ad. (2)
* contemptuous ' : fi:a§ o lartf, * contemptuously proud ' ; dr3\o& m
Ji:ad arna i, ' he looked contemptuously at me '.
f:d, s., Eng. ' feed ' : rhoi fi:d i r Kefyl = lt':0.
fidil, s.f., fidyl, W.S. ; ffidil, B.C. 42. 18, 'fiddle ' : rhoifidilmto:,
' to give up as a bad job, to throw up the sponge ' : wa:yQ i x* roi
fidil m to: r y:n tippin, ' you might just as well give it up '.
fidjo, v., ' to feed, supply ' : r 0:8 o nfidjo lanvar ag abar hevoglo:,
1 he used to supply Llanfairfechan and Aber with coal '.
fidlar, s.m., ffidler, B.C. 42. 16, 'fiddler'.
fidljo, v., ' to play the fiddle '.
fi'eityo, v., ffieiddio, D., 'to be disgusted with ' : fi'eibjo v* hynan.
filot, s., filet W.S. [A fyllet], ffiled, W.LI. Ixiv. 64, in filot fair
( = ? Fair), ' variegated grass '.
'filfi'falfax ( W.H.) ; filfiwfalfo (O.K.), s.m., ' a toady '.
filt,fild, in/0:////, ' Paisley shawl ' (I.W.).
•fil'fal, adj., ' finicking ' : Kerad m 'fil'fal, ' to walk with mincing
steps, to walk in a finicking way ' (W.H.).
K 2
132 filjan — flat
filjan, v., ' to bustle about ' (I. W.) : an filjan rhedag, an filjan ar
hy:dafor§. CLfy:lt.
finihadan, finjadyn, s., Eng. finnan-haddie, 'haddock'.
finjo [feinjo].
fiygl, s.f., 'unfair dealing* (I.W.) : he:n fiygl wirjon (J.J.).
fiyglo, fiygljo, v., ' to deal unfairly ' (J J.) ; ' to shilly-shally ' :
fiyglo hevo da waiQ ; be u:ti n fiygljo vel naP (O.H.)
fistjo, v., ffustyaw, L.A. 39. 22; fustio, W.S. [Thresshe] ;
ffusto, D., ' to strike, thrash ' : mi fistja i di — mi darna i di.
fistjon, s., fustion, W.S., ' fustian '.
//, adj., comp.Jitjax, ffitt, C.L.C. ii. 38. 22, ' fit ' : os by:§ a derwyb m
fit, ' if the weather is fit ' ; / adi hi dim an fit i \i vynd, ' it is not fit
for you to go '.
fit, s.f., \>\.fitja, 'fit ' : mige'i'6 o fit, ' he will have a fit '.
fitjo, v., < to fit '.
flag, s.f., ^\.flagja, 'flag' (banner).
flakjo, v., ' to flag ' : fldkjo r laur.
flaks, s.pl., sing. flaksan, f., 'flag-stones'.
flaks, s.pl., sing, flaksan, f., Eng. (Dial.) flag, a form of flake
[Sc., Nhb., Yks.], 'soot'.
flaxjad, s.m., pi. flaxjada, fBachiad, S.E., s.v. ' flash ' ; ' flash ' :
flaxjad o veltan, ' a flash of lightning ' ; mynd ar flaxjad, ' to go
like a flash \
flaxjo, v., fflachio, S.E., s.v. ' flash ' ; ' to flash ' : me:lt anflaxjo ;
flaxjo mynd, ' to go like a flash '.
flaxod, s.pl., cf. ffollach, D., 'cothurnus, calceamentum, pero',
ffallach, s.v. 'sandalium', ffellych, s.v. 'baxeae'; 'old worn-out boots'.
flam, s.f., pi. flamja, fflam, W.B., col. 168. 36; D., 'flame':
wedi mynd vel flam {flamjd), ' gone like a flash '.
flamgox, adj., fflamgoch, W.B., col. 475. 36, 'fiery red'.
flamjo, v., fflamio, D., ' to flame ' ; flamjo mynd, ' to go like a
flash ' ; sojflamjo n i bleyna ; r o.y8 hgod maur an flamjo o gumpas ;
r o.yd a ga:B wedi mynd ay ganbeirjog, ag an flamjo tru: r ty:.
flam]yd, adj., fflamllyd, Psalm civ. 4, 'flaming, apt to burn
quickly ' : glo: flamjyd', — also of persons ' apt to fly into a passion '.
flat, s.m., T$\.flatja, ' an iron ' (kitchen utensil).
flat, adj. (i) 'flat'; — as subst. : rhoid rubad ar (m} i flat, 'to
lay something flat ' = ar i vol. (2)°' dull, sultry, close, relaxing ' :
le: flat, 'a dull place'; t0wy§ flat, 'close, sultry weather'. (3)
'low-spirited' : teimlo n flat jaun.
flatfo—fo:l 133
flatfo, v., cf. Eng. (Dial.) flosh [to splash, dabble, plunge about
in bathing, — to agitate or splash water] and flash [a pool, sheet of
water, etc.], O.F. flache, ' to splash ' : paid a flatfo d* dray dm 3 du:r,
flatfo uB gerdad, flatfo Kerbad.
flat/ur, s.m., ' splasher ' : flatfur o gertur.
flegan, s.f., pi. flegennod, iar flegain, S.E., s.v. * brood ', a dis-
paraging term applied especially to fowls : he:n flegan o hem ja:r,
* a dilapidated-looking hen, with its feathers turned the wrong way ' ;
also applied to cows (O.H.). — said of an untidy woman: he:n
flegan = dmas vle:r m i gwi:sg a i gwaiQ.
fleio,fli:o, v., 'to fly'.
flemp, adj., in exp. tro: flemp, 'a shabby trick, a mean turn', e.g.
a broken promise: mina:Q hun a hun dro: flemp hevo mi. — A stronger
term than tro: gwayl, tro: sa:l (W.H. ; O.H.).
flempan, s., in exp. mi rois i flempan rto vo (i.e. hevo nhavod),
1 1 made him hold his tongue ' (O.H.).
fliy, s., rhoidfliy ido vo, ' to fling it '.
flippan, s.f. (i) 'a piece cut off': flippan o garag = sgolpyn.
(2) ' anything worthless ' : flippan o bavad, o dmas — (O.H.).
flippan, adj., Eng. flippant : mynd yn flippan = deyd gair dru:g
heb if'o (O.H.).
flodjat^ flodjart) s., ' flood-gate '.
flog/o, flokjo, v., ' to flock, crowd up '.
flonf, adj., ' cheerful, spirited ' (of a sick person) : may o n edrax
m o flonf ; may o n reit flonf ru: an.
flonfo, v., ' to become cheerful and spirited ' (of a sick person).
flu:ar, s., pi. flu:ars, ' flower ' = blodyn : potflu:ars, ' flower-pot '.
fluf, ?adj.; — as subst. : troy 3n i fluf, 'to grow close together'
(O.K.).
fly:t, s., ' fleet ' : fly:t o loya.
flyux, s. ? rBuwch, D., ' coma, suggestus comae ' : myndvel flyu\,
1 to go like a flash '.
fodrum,fotrum, s.f. Eng. (Dial.) fodderum, Yks., Lan., Der., Lin.,
' an open passage along the heads of stalls from where the cattle are
supplied with fodder '.
foglyd, adj., ffoglud, T.N. 67. 14, 'bloated': going foglyd arno vo.
foi, v., ffbi, Gen. xvi. 8. Fut. S. 3. fy:,foiQ. Fret. S. 3. /o:0.
Imperative fo:, ' to flee ' : foi am i hoydal, l to flee for his life ' ;
gwiltjo ru:in ag wedynfoi i furb, ' to anger some one and then run
away ' ; po:b po:yn wedi/oi, ' all pain having disappeared '.
:/, adj., foi, W.B., col. 125. 2; flol, D., 'foolish'.
134 folad — fordjo
folad, s., ffoledd, D., ' folly '.
folt, v., ffoli, O.P., ' to befool ' : foli mermaid,
foh'nab, s., ffolineb, D., s.v. ' stultitia ' ; ' foolishness '.
folog, s.f., ffblog, Prov. xiv. i, 'a foolish woman*.
folaxt s., ? ffollach, D. (see jftaxod), 'an insignificant person'.
Cf. standi(n}folax, which is a stronger term : — rhe:nfolax kaxy (O.H.).
fon, s.f., T?\.fyn, ffon, D. (i) ' stick, walking-stick': fon bigal,
' shepherd's crook ' ; fon davl, ( sling, catapult ' ; bagalfon, ' handle
of a stick ' ; buru he:n wragad afyn, ' to rain cats and dogs ' ; see
also duyfon. (2) ' bar ' (of a grate). (3) ' rung ' (of a ladder).
fond, adj., comp.fondjax, ' fond ' (followed by o).
fonjad, s.f., ' a blow with a stick ' : mi rois i riu fonjad vexan
ido vo.
fonnog \kumfonnog\
ford, s.f., p\.jfyrd, ffordd, D. (i) 'way, road': fork (== lo:n)
bo:st,ford vaur, ' high road ' ; dy:n 9 ford vaur, ' high road inspector ' ;
ford gar jo maun, ' a road for carrying peat ' ; ford 9sgavn, drum
(drom), ' easy, heavy road ' ; 9 ford gmta, V9ra, ' the shortest way ' ;
for aunigmta i .../,' which is the shortest way to ...?'; vedar hi
9 ford 9mma ?, ' does she know the way here ? ' ; ar 9 for i vynd i r
pentra, l on the way to the village '; drost 9 ford i r ty:, ' opposite
the house ' ; forbad 9 du.yford, ' to walk both ways ' ; le: may rford
dmma n mynd, l where does this road go to ? ' ; for ma, or (generally
more emphatic) for 'hyn, ' this way '. (2) ' way, direction ' : ?y
gweld bo:bfor, ' looking every way ' ; ty: a r for na du iy kredy ma.y
hi, ' I think it is somewhere over there '. (3) ' way, manner ' : for
ma, 'this way, like this ' ; ma: nu n rhy: yxal ifor, ' they are too
high and mighty ' ; for bigri, rmab, ' an odd way ' (about him) ;
meunford o farad, ' so to speak ' ; •/ qybaxi dim m ig^mmyd o n 9 for
jaun, 'you did not take it in the right way', i.e. 'you did not
understand it rightly'; du:y for8 i neyd poib pe:B, y:n o be:,y:n o
XwiQig, ' two ways of doing everything, one right, one wrong ' ; ford
ar i hagor nu, ' a way to open them '.
fordjo, v., fforddio, D., ' in via aliquem dirigere ' : (fig.) dznjon m
fordfo plant ar 3 ford jaun, a r leil 9n i fordjo nu ar ford drzgjonys ;
m fordjo nu i drdgjoni.
fordjo, v., fforddio, T.N 4. 2 7 ; Eng. afford, influenced by fforddio
(above), (i) 'to afford ' : dim 9n fordjo su.ll at rubad, ' not being
able to afford a shilling for something ' ; mi deydod hi vedra hi dim
fordjo, ' she said she could not afford '. Impersonally : gneyd mu:y
o wledast nag ddi hi n forty o ydynu (O.H.). (2) 'to permit, allow '
(in speaking of the law). Cf. the popular rime : by:m ay kary du:y
r y:n enu, \ dg:en verx ivayk a dg:en wraig wedu ; \ gwyn vy:d na
ford/a r gruraQ \ i mi brjodi r du.y arynwaB,
forty ol — fotrum 135
forbjol, adj., ' managing well, economical ' : may y:n m medry
gneyd Kimmint hevo psmBag su:j!/ a n'iid y:n ara^ hevo pynt, — may o
nwr forbjol, 'one is able to do as much with fifteen shillings as
another can do with a pound, — he manages so well '.
forbol, s.m., p\.for8o/jon, fforddolion (pi.), Psalm Ixxxix. 41, etc.
(i) 'road-mender ' (in general). (2) (in slate quarries) ' platelayer,
whose duty it is to keep the lines clear, to make repairs or new
lines '.
for/ad, s., fforffed, D., s.v. ' publicatio ', 'sectio'; D.G. xxxvii. i,
Eng. forfeit, 'damage': eliB neyd forfadmo, 'perhaps he will do
some damage there ', e. g. by going into a dark room without a
light (W.H) ; — wedi mynd m for/ad (hevo), ' to be utterly abandoned
(to), to give oneself up entirely (to) ' ; wedi mynd m for/ad hevo r
merxaid ; — wedi mynd anforfad hevo r rhs^vr^duyr, ' to be an out
and out radical ' ; wedi mynd mforfad vedu, ' strongly addicted to
drink ' ; wedi mynd mforfadylu, " gone to the dogs ", " gone to
pot ".—(O.K.)
fork, s.f., v\.fyrkst ' fork ' (for the table).
/orx, s.f., pl.jfyrx, fforch, D. (i) 'fork with four prongs for
digging potatoes, etc. ' : tro:yd /orx, ' handle of a fork '. Cf.
pikwarx- (2) a sheep's ear-mark so-called [no:d]. (3) * fork of
a tree ', etc.
forxt't v-> fforchi, O.P. (i) 'to fork', e.g. of a road, branch, etc.
(2) 'to use a fork ' : djaul a d3for\o di! (3) ' to make &for\ on
a sheep's ear '.
forxjad, s.f., \>\.for\e'idja, fforchaid, O.P., ' as much as is lifted with
a fork, either &/orx or pikwarx'.
forxog, adj., fforchog, D., ' forked ' : may kolyn neidar mforxog ;—
o:/orxog, ' astride '.
/ors, s.f., ' force, might, pressure, impetus ' : / o:ys dim digon o
fors m 9 tapja, ' there is not enough pressure in the taps ' ; sirBjo ar
i ben m ifors (O.K.), ' to fall on his head with full force ' ; rhoid
fors ym' hi, ' to put force into it ', e. g. in striking ; y troyd m o:l
i neydfors, ' the foot behind to gain an impetus* (= i ga:l pu:ar\
fortjun, s.f., cf. fortun, W.S.; rTorten, C.C. 33. 20, 'fortune '.
fortynys, adj., fortunus, W.S., ' fortunate '. Seldom used = lukkys.
/o:s,/o.ys, s.f., pl.fosyd, rTos, D., 'small stream, ditch': fo:s a
foykan, * a stream and the corresponding rise ' ; be eiB m vu:y ar o:l
tori ben /, fo:ys, ' what becomes bigger when its end is cut off ? A
ditch ' ; agorfoys, ' to clear the mud, etc., out of a ditch '. — Also
' groove '.
fotrum \_fodruni\.
136 f0ukyn — frukslyd
f0ukyn, dim. of Ffowc : ail ddi hyukyn ifeukyn, ' six of one and
half a dozen of the other '.
fra:m, s.f., pl.framfa, ffram, B.C. 14. 10, 'frame ' : fra:m dru:s,
pikijur, trol, etc.
fray, s.f., ffrae, W.S. [Affraye], W.LI. xlv. 49; B.C. 20. 2,
' quarrel ' : arfray, ' quarrelling ' ; a:6 9n fray rtoy&a vi: a vo: ar
g0unt . . ., ' we got into a quarrel about . . .'.
fray 6, adj., ffraeth, D., ' talkative, glib' : znfrayQ t davod.
freinig, adj., Ffrengig, D., ' Gallicus ' ; knayfreinig, ' walnuts ' ;
berufreinig, ' cress ' ; Igodanfreinig, ' rat '.
fres, adj., ffres, C.C.M. 157. i ; C.C. 73. 13, ' fresh ' : penwaig
fres, menynfres ; barafres, ' new bread '.
freyo,fry:0) v., fFraeo, W.S. [Make an affray], ' to quarrel ' : ma:
nu nfreyo hevo i giliS o hy:d ;—fry:o m bemban, 'to be at logger-
heads ' ; freyo vel ku:n a mo:x-
fri:, adj., ffri, C.C.M. 46. 33; C.L.C. v. vi, 68. 26; T.N. 73. i.
(i) 'free, gratis'. (2) 'free with one's money, liberal' : r oy§un
i nfri: pen v?8a gin i bre:s 9n d mhokkad.
fri:§ (Bangor, Tregarth, Pentir) ; fri:B (Aber, Llanfairfechan),
s.f., p\./ri8od,/ri'6o8, ffrith and ffridd, D., ' enclosed rough mountain
pasture '.
frigud, s.m., ffrwgwd, B.C. 43. 21 ; fifrygwyd, C.L.C. iv. 19. 23,
' squabble ' : dim ond riufrigud gwirjon, — riu but ofray.
/rind, s.m., pl.frmdja, ffrind, W.S., ' friend ' : ma: nu n frindja
(garu) hevo t gilib.
fri.'o, v., ffrio, D., 'to fry': padalfri:o, 'frying-pan'; — may r
gwynt dnfri:o r gannuyl, ' the wind is making the tallow run down
the candle '.
fritjan, v., ' to play in the rain ' : fritjan m 9 gla:u.
frog, s.f., pi. frogja, frock, W.S. [Frocke], Mid. Eng. frog,
' frock '.
from{ydy adj., ffromllyd, ' testy ', ' quick-tempered '.
frostjo, v., ffrostio, R., ' to boast '.
froQ, s., ' foam, froth ' : froO (?) mo:r, ' meerschaum '.
froyn, s.f., pi. froyna, ffroen, D., ' nostril ; power of smell ' :
mayfroynjaun gdno vo at bo:b pe:Q (speaking of a dog).
fru:d, s.f., pl./ra^or, ffrwd, D., ' brook, stream '.
fruks, s., ' flurry ' : / 0:d o dim am fruks, ' he was not to be
flurried'.
fruksfyd, adj., ' flurried '.
frukfo — fulbart 137
frukfo, v., ' to be flurried, to act hastily ' : peidjux frukf'o hevo vot
may ifo hmmyd muy o amsar.
/ru:st, s.m., ffrwst, D., s.v. ' acceleratio ' ; ' hurry ' : may o wedi
mynd arfru:st (gwy:[t\
/rut, s.m., ffrwt, T.N. 172. 17. (i) 'vigour': / o:s dimfrut mo
vo. (2) " a quick impulse " (O.P.) : riu frut o fray, * a bit of a
squabble ' (O.H.) ; do:s ar /rut i nod piserad o du:r i mi (O.H.).
Also adjectively : du:ad mfrut (O.K.).
/rut/rut, s., ' sound of porridge boiling '.
frutjan, v. (i) expressing the sound of porridge boiling : may
r yud m frutjan berwi. (2) ' pedo ', d&Q frutjan re\an. (3) 'to
walk quickly ' : "uuelisti hun a hun f> do:, n frutjan mynd reit br^syr ;
— u:ti n frutjan vel gwybal. (All O.H.)
fruydro, v., ' to explode '.
fruyn, s.f., pi. fruyna, D., 'bridle': fruyn duyl (i.e. dywyll),
' blinker ' ; also, ' the piece of iron extending from the corner of the
blade of a scythe to the handle ' = gjalam heyarn.
fruyno, v., ffrwyno, D., ' to bridle ' ; also, fig. fruyno i davod,
i nuyda, etc., ' to bridle one's tongue, one's passions '.
fruyB, s.m., pi. fruyQyb, ffrwyth, D. (i) 'fruit'. (2) 'that
which is distilled by boiling, etc. ' : bru:as = fruyQ Ki:g bra:s
berwedig ; sikkan =fru:y6 9 gKrxpn (O.H.). (3) ' vigour, power' :
koUfruyB i loda, ' to lose the use of his limbs '.
fruyBlon, adj., ffrwythlawn, D. (i) 'fruitful': ha: fruyBlon.
(2) ' full of sap, juice, nutriment, etc '.
fndjo, v., ifrydio, D., s.v. ' defluo ' ; 'to gush (out) ' : gwayd m
fr9djo ; du:r mfradjo a Ian o r Seyar ne graig.
frzmmy, v., offrymmu, D., ' to make an offering at a funeral '.
[o/rum.]
frmt, s.m., 'front' : dru:s 9 frmt, 'front door*.
fnntjo, v., 'to face' (of a house, etc.): frmtjo r /or 8, 'to face
the road '.
fudan, s., ffwdan, D., s.v. ' festinatio ' ; 'haste': mis i dori o meun
fudan (O.H.) ; also ' fussiness '.
fudantyd, adj., ffwdanllyd, O.P., ' fussy, bustling ' : may hunna
V grjadyr fudanlyd — dim ?y hmmyd amsar i neyd dim by:d.
fudanys, adj., ffwdanus, D., ' fussy' : y.nfudanysjaun ?di o.
/u:l, s.m., p\./9/ja(d), fwl, W.S. ; ffwl, B.C. 38. 19 ; D.G. app.
vii. 40, ' fool '.
fulbart, s.m., ffwlbart, L.G.C. p. 470. 4 ; D. ; Eng. foulmart,
'polecat': drewi ml fulbart ; — as opprobrious epithet (E.J., J.J.),
ke:n fulbart bydyr.
138 fulbri —fynyd
fulbri, s. (i) ' foolishness ' : na btgon o fulbri, ' that's enough of
this foolishness '. (2) ' a foolish, talkative fellow ' : r hem fulbri
gwirjon (J.J.).
ful but, adv., Eng. full butt : mynd anful but, ' to go full pelt '.
fulkyn, s.m., 'fool' : r he:n fulkyn medu, 'the old drunken fool'
(W.H.).
fulpyn, s.m., ' fool '.
fultan, s.f., ' fool ' : fultan o bmas (a mild way of expressing it,
O.K.).
fundro, f0undro, v., ffwndro, T.N. 68. 15; Eng. founder, 'to
lose one's bearings ', ' to be in perplexity ' : dy:n wedi fundro = dy:n
wedi koltforb ; — mifundris m la:n: mi eifi r ty: nesa an U: du:ad
i hun, ' I lost my bearings entirely : 1 went to the next house
instead of coming to this one ' ; Kaptan loy mfundro an 9 no:s ag m
mynd a i loy ar 9 graig m 3 niul (O.H.f, a ship-captain losing his
bearings in the night and running his ship on to a rock in the mist ' ;
also trans. ' to perplex, muddle '.
fundrys, adj., ' confused, perplexed ', " mithered ".
fundur, s., ffwndwr, T.N. 15. 14. (i) 'agitation, commotion ':
be di rfundur ? be ma pobol 9n rhedag ? (O.H.) = helynt. (2) ' per-
plexity ' : r o:n i meun fundur lawar gwaiQ am lagodan, i. e. as to
whether it was a mouse or not (O.H.).
furb (in full, i fur§\ adv., ffwrdd, C.C.M. 421. 16, 'away':
le: may 9 lo:n ? m 9 dru:s fur, ' where is the road ? Away outside
the door ' ; if'o i dznny vo i furb i Inay o, £u:x sy arno vo, l it
must be taken away to be cleaned : there is dust on it ' ; pren wedi
dortfurS, 'a piece of wood cut away'; gn'e'yd i fur§ a rubaQ, 'to
do away with something ' ; a: i a rhei n ifur ?, ' shall I take these
things away?'; mynd fur 8, 'to go away'; i furft a vo, 'off he
goes ' ; fur ti!,fur a /i7, ' away with you ! ' ; hel da garkas (hel da
brenja, hel da dra:yd, hel da bak, gna: da baft) ajur a ti! (O.H.).
furn, s.f., ffwrn, D., ' furnace '.
furnas, s.f., ^\. furneif'a, fwrneis, W.S.; ffwrnas, C.C. 359. 26;
ffwrnes, B.C. 91. 23, 'furnace' : furnas o da:n, 'a raging fire' =
gobaB o da:n, wemflam.
fy:§, s.f., ffydd, D., ' faith ' : r o:y§ gin ar he:n bobolfy:§ ovnaduy
meun rhoi prokkar an a ta:n er mu:yn ido vo ganna.
fy:lt, s., ffull, D., ' acceleratio, festinatio ' ; ' trot ' : ar riu di:B ne
fyltyQ, s., ' trot ' : ar afyltyB (O.K.).
fynyd, s., ffunud, D., ' form, manner, appearance ' : may o r y:n
fynyd a i vam, ' he is the very image of his mother ' (of face or
character).
fyrad —ftrnoxi 1 39
fyrad, s.m., pljyrada, firet, W.S, [A feret]; ffured, W.LI. Ixiv.
65 ; O.F. furet, ' ferret '.
fyrkan, s., Eng. firkin, 'a wooden vessel generally made of
oak and containing the eighth part of a barrel' : darjau £ond
fyrkan o guru ; — as term of reproach, /a:u g ht:n fyrkan fawyb
— (O.H.).
fyrv ; ftrv (sometimes J.J.), adj., fern, ferv, eq. firvad (frrvad,
O.H.); pL/yrv/on, ffyrf, D., 'stout, substantial, bulky': kortyn
fyrv, ' a stout cord ' ; penfirva ifon, ' the thicker end of a stick '.
fyrv, s., fifurf, D., ' form '.
fyrvjo, v., ffurfio, D., s.v. ' formo ' ; ' to form '.
fy:st, s.f., v\.fistja, ffust, D., ' flail': troyd *fy:st, 'handle of the
flail'. Cf. also sty:al, peygiux, kara (te:p).
frtlon, adj., ffyddlon, D., s.v. 'fidelis'; 'constant in religious
observance '.
ftilondab, s.m., ffyddlondeb, D., s.v. ' fidelitas ' ; ' regular attend-
ance at religious observances '.
fznnon, s.f., p\.finonna,fmonny&, ffynnon, D., 'spring, fountain ' :
bgadfmnon, ' spring-head ', ' fountain head .'
fordur, s.m., ffyrfder, D., s.v. ' soliditas ' ; ' thickness ' (= tru:x),
e. g. of a stick.
forlty, s.f., p\.ftrtiyodt ffyrling, D., * farthing '.
fzrm'g, adj., comp. fzrm'kkax, ffyrnig, D. (i) 'fierce, ferocious,
implacable, fiery-tempered, raging, truculent ' : may golug firnig
arno vo, 'he has a truculent aspect '; mayowedimyndmfzrniguQa
/, ' he has become enraged with me ' ; gelynfarnig, 'a deadly enemy '.
(2) of things, ' fierce, deadly ' : may r ta:n sn losgi n prnikkax ar
derwyb o.yr, ' fire burns more fiercely in cold weather ' ; may n
rhewi n rhy: firnig i bar a, 'it is freezing too hard to last' ; may
gin 3 dra:yn i:og biga firnig m zr esgil, l the bass has formidable
spikes in the fins ' (O.H.). (3) used of a material which is hard to
work: karagfirnig.
firm'go,fr3m'go, v., ffyrnigo, D., ' to become fierce, to get into
a rage '.
firnigruyb, s.m., ffyrnigrwydd, D., s.v. ' crudelitas ' ; ' fierceness,
violent temper, rage '.
t, v., ' to be angry, to snort with rage ' (W.H.).
g
gadal, v., gadael, D. Fut. S. i. (ga}dewa, 3. (ga)dewt'0. PI. i.
(ga)fdaun. Imp. S. i. (ga)'daun, 3. (ga)'dawa. Pret. S. i. (go)-
dewis, (ga)dawis, 2. (ga)dewist, 3. (ga)dawod, gado8. PI. 3. (g'tf)-
d0uson. Plup. (gd]d0usun. Imperative : ga:d ; gadux, (ga)'deux.
Pret. Pass.ga'daud. (i) 'to leave ' : ^a^z/ rubaO an 9 loft, ' to leave
something upstairs ' ; gadal ax arjan ar ax o:l, ' to leave your money
behind you ' ; gadal riu air ar o:l, ' to leave some word out ' ; mi
(a)dauni on* van ma, ' we will leave it there ' (e. g. an argument) ; —
•with lonyb, l to leave alone ' : dawa m ono vo n lonyd, ' he would not
leave him alone ' ; — with i, ' to leave alone ' : ga:d 180 vo, ' leave
him alone ' ; mi daun i 280 vo taun i xi-', ' I should leave him alone
if I were you ' ; so with lonyd : pam dayi y gadal lonyd i hunma ?t
' why do you leave that man alone ? ' (2) 'to let, allow ' : peidjux
a gadal ibi hi sarBjo, ' don't let her fall ' ; ga'deux i§o vynd i grogi,
1 let him go and be hanged '.
gadOj v., gaddaw & gaddewid, corrupte pro addewid, D. Fut.
S. i . dawa, 3. bawid. Pret. bawis. Imperative ga8o, ' to promise ' :
8ary nu ado i gary hi, ' they promised to send it' ; ne'iO dim y:n o
'honynu dim ond gado, ' none of them will do anything but promise '.
gair, s.m., pi. geirja, gair, D. (i) ' word ' : getrja maur, ' long
words ' ; geirja hajjon, ' bad language ' ; tori getrja, ' to articulate
clearly ' • tri:o tori geirja ag dn meQy (e. g. of small children) ; — dim
gair da: am ne:b, * not a good word for any one ' ; wa:yQ y:n gair
(mu:y) na \ant, ' one word is as good as a hundred ', i. e. ' I'll tell
you once for all ' ; hannar gair i gal (prov.), ' half a word to the
wise ', ' le sage entend a demi-mot '. (2) ' report ' : mi 80:6 2 gair
ar le:d, ' the report got abroad '. (3) ' reputation ' : gair gwa:yl
syd ibi hi.
galar, s., galar, D., ' mourning ' : ma na alar an 3 ty:.
galary, v., galaru, D., ' to mourn '.
galarys, adj., galarus, D., ' mournful ' : ma: r teyly n alarysjaun
ar o:l 9 babi ba:x » — su:n galarys, ' a mournful sound '.
galu, v., galw, D. Fut. S. i. galwa, 3. galwiO. PI. i. galun,
2. galux, 3. galwan. Pret. S. 3. galwob. PI. 3. galson. Imperative
galu ; galux- (i) 'to call, shout' (= gweiSi) : os by:b if'o rubaB
galuyn — ga{y 141
ghaid i \i alu, ' if you want anything you must call '. (2) also with
0r, ' to call ' (by name) : galu (ar) ru:in, ' to call some one ' ; — also,
' to call, to wake ' : neu\i alu arna i (yalu i) mi bora, ' will you call
me in the morning'. (3) ' to call, name ': be da\i 'y galu hun /,
' what do you call this ? (4) ' to call (together) ' : os na vy:& dim
a\os 9-y kodi i alu 9 hyor yy gynt, 'if no cause arises to call the
council sooner '. (5) with am, ' to call ' (alluding Jo some need) :
/ o.ys dim by:d yy galu am 'danoxi, ' there is nothing you have to do '.
(6) with hevo, ' to call upon, visit '.
galuyn, s.m., pi. galuini, galwyn, G.R. 43. 14; D., 'gallon':
govyn am aluyn o guru.
galwad, s.f., galwad, D., ' call, invitation ' : ar ialwado eifimo, ' it
was at his invitation that I went there ' ; also the ' call ' of a minister.
galwedigaO, s.f., galwedigaeth, D., ' calling ' : dilin i alwedigaB,
' to follow one's calling '.
ga:ll, a:lt, s.f., pi. ^etiyb, el/yd. [In place-names always g<7:lt, e.g.
ga:lt 9 bleyna, — 9 gwyndy, — t9&yn rhonwyn, — ty: hem, — bryn gola, —
9 rhiuja — all in Llanfairfechan.] allt and gallt, D. (i) 'hill', i.e.
1 cliff, steep slope, side of a valley ' : tori koyd ar 9 gel/yd, ' to cut
down trees en the steep slopes ; ga:jt 9 mo:r, ' cliff ' ; hiybyr 9n
mynd u6 ben ga:U 9 mo:r. (2) ' hill ', i. e. 'a steep piece °of road,
etc. ' (Fr. ' cote ') : i V9ny^ i laur 9r a:U, ' up, down the hill ' ; ma: r
alt ma n drom jaun, ' this hill is very steep ' ; ga:U r0ular (in
quarries), ' roller incline '.
ga].y, v., gallu, D. Fut. S. i. gala, 2. geli, 3. geliB, gal, geil.
PI. i.galun, 2. gelux, galu\, 3. galan. Imp^ S. i. galun, gdun,
2. galat, gelat, 3. gala, gela.^ PI. I. gofatt, gelan, 2. galax, gelax,
3. galan, gelan. Pret. S. i. getis, 2.gelist, 3. galo8. PI. i. gahon,
2. galsox, 3. galson. Plup. S. i. galsun, (mi) lasun, 2. galsai, (mi)
lasat, 3. galsa, (mz) lasa. PI. i. galsan, (mi} lasan, 2. galsax, (mi)
lasax, 3. galsan, (mi) lasan. Pres. Sub. S. 3. galo. PI. \.galon,
2. galox, 3. galon. Fut. Pass, gelir ; Imp. Pass, gelid] Plup. Pass.
hsid, ' to be able ' : galsun i neyd o n ei'Ba pe kerusun i, ' I could do
it well enough if I might ' ; mi lasun i vnavyd o n ovnaduy, f I might
have hurt him very badly ' ; pe galsa mi luga vi, ' he would starve
me if he could ' ; 9 pe:6 lasa vo S'e'yd, ' what he might have said ' ;
du i dim m amma na lasa vo, ' I do not doubt he could ' ; gora gal,
' as well as he can ' = gora galo vo ; gora 'galoni, 'galpxi, * as well
as we can, you can ' ; gala r dy:n gora vod m 9 le: sala, ' the best
man might be in the worst place '. — (g)ehQ (vo:d) and (g)ela (vo:d)
are used to express ' perhaps ' : un i dim, eh6 vo:d, ' I don't know,
perhaps so ' ; ela na 8a:u o dim, ' perhaps he won't come ' ; ela mai
if'o du:r sy arno vo, ' perhaps it wants water ' ; ela da:u o hevo r
y:n tre:n 9 dois i:, * perhaps he will come by the same train as I did '.
Ans. ela, ' perhaps so '.
142 gaty — gartra
gajy, s.m., pi. gaj[y:o8, gallu, D. (i) 'power': po:b pe:6 m z\
ga]y xi, ' everything in your power ' ; gweiQjo mu:y na i a£y, ' to
overwork '. (2) ' natural mental power or capacity ' (as distinguished
from acquired capacity). Cf. medar. (3) ' sense ' : 9 pym gafy,
4 the five senses '.
gafy:og, adj., galluog, D., ' able ' : may r medrys m iuf'o 9 peBa
3 may r ga£y:og, wedifendjo.
ga:m, s., ' game ' : ma: nu i vmy afo:b ga:m = riks.
gambl, s., ' sport, amusement, fun ' ; ' gambling ' (playing for
money).
gamblar, gemblar, s.m., Eng. gambler, (i) 'a skilful person,
a master-hand ' : may hi y gemblar ar i gwaiB ( = m mstar ar i
gwatB). (2) ' a smart fellow ' : ma nu y gemblars garu.
gambljo, v., gamble, T.N. 4. 31, 'to sport, make game; make
game of ; gamble (play for money) '.
gamj'o, v., ' to sport ; make game of : paid ti a yamjo vt.
gamfyd, adj., 'inclined to jeer, mock, make game of.
gamstar, s.m., Eng. gamester, ' a skilful person, a master-hand ' :
may o y gamstar ar hmny. Cf. C.F. 1890, 332. 30.
gan, conj., gan, D., ' inasmuch as, because ' : gan bo x? 'am 'vynd,
' inasmuch as you are going ' ; gan mod i mor hy: a govyn, ' if I may
make so bold as to ask '.
gar, s.m., pi. gara, garr, D., ' poples ' ; ' the ham or hind part of
the knee ' : a i glos am ben i ara, ' his trousers down to his knees ' :
gar a Keimjon, ' bandy legs ' ; kamma gar [kammab].
gard, s.f., pi. gards, gard, W.S. [A garde], ' watch-chain '.
gardas, s.f., pi. gardwa, gartys, W.S. [A garter] ; gardes, D.F.
[xvii] 27 ; gardas and gardys, D., ' garter' : du:y ardas.
gardjo, v., gardio, W.S., s.v. 'kribo' [Garde]; R. ; T.N. 408. 5.
Cf. gardiau, D., s.v. ' strideo' ; ' to card ' (wool) : ^ hdral ?y gardjo
n zfaktri (O.H.). Also kardjo, q.v.
gardnar, s.m., ' gardener '.
garb, gar, s.f., pi. £erdt, gardd, D., ' garden ' : tri:n gard, ' to
garden '.
gardjo, v., ' to garden '.
gardun, s.m., pi. garforna, arddwrn, D., ' wrist ' : ne:s pnelin na
garbun (prov.), ' the elbow is nearer than the wrist ', i. e. ' blood is
thicker than water '.
gar lag, s., garlleg, D., ' garlic ' : gwina gar lag, ' cloves of garlic '.
gartra, adv., gartref, ' at home ' (domi) ; ' home ' (domum) : ddi
o gartra ?t ' is he at home ? ' (more rarely adra) ; gneu\ vel 'tasa\i
gar 6 — gaval 143
gartra, ' make yourself at home ' ; may o wedi mynd gartga, ' he has
gone home ' (more commonly adra).
garB, s.f., garth, D., ' a jutting piece of hill ' = tguyn mmyto.
Very common in place-names and not quite obsolete in current
speech. I have heard O.H. use the word twice, i.e. S9r6jo drosgarB,
and o r nai^garQ i r ja[, the latter alluding to the jutting hill on each
side of the entrance to the Aber valley. — With the article in place-
names always 9 garB.
garu, adj., pi. &ftru, comp. garwax, garw, D. (i) 'rough,
severe': t0wy% garu, 'rough weather'. (2) 'rough, hardy* (opp.
lo fhfujog) \ used substantively : tori r garu (fig.), 'to break the
ice '. (3) (with &in) ' sorry ' : may n aru £in i, ' I am sorry '.
(4) used with various meanings of an intensive nature : y:n garu
9$ o, (in good sense) ' he is a splendid fellow ' ; (in bad sense)
' he is a shrewd, grasping fellow ; a terrible fellow ' ; — in fern. y:n
garu 9di hi ; — -y:n garu da\i '/, ' what a fellow you are ! ' (in either
sense) ; — followed by am, ' fond, (a) terrible (fellow for) ' : garu am
dani 9di o /, ' he is a terrible fellow for business ' ; may hi n aru am
vala, ' she is fond of apples ' ; may hi n y:n aru am 9m'droi i laur
9no, 'she is a dreadful one for loitering down there'; dy:n garu
am 9 by:d ma, ' a grasping man ' ; — may o n aru 9m mho:b pe:6,
' he takes an energetic part in everything ' ; r 9da\t n y:n garu
i wisgo x sgidja, ' you are very bad at wearing out your boots ' ;
pe:B garu adi darlan am godi if'o kzsgy, ' reading is a dreadful thing
for making one sleepy ' ; may by:d garu hevo vo, * he gives a great
deal of trouble ' ; he:n vaujax garu 9di oy 'he is a worthless old
creature ' ; may amsar garu, ' there is plenty of time ' ; may £in
i bo:yn garu an 9 mhen, ' I have a terrible pain in my head ' ;
pitti garu /, ' what a pity ! ' (5) adverbially, ' much ', ' very ',
" awfully ", etc. (often = ovnaduy) : du i n disgul 3n aru, ' I quite
expect ' ; daxi wedi mendjo n aru \adal 'oydaxi So:y, ' you are much
better than you were yesterday ' ; may n debig aru i la:uy ' it is very
like rain ' ; mi vy:ft na bobol 9n aru 9 durnod hunnu, ' there will be
a great many people that day ' ; edrax 9n aru arm hi, ' to look intently
at her ' ; may hi wedi kodi n wynt garu j'aun, ' it has become very
windy '.
gas, s.f., ' gas ' : r oybun i n dal sylu bod 9 gas wedi ka:yl i 6roi,
' I noticed the gas was turned on '.
ga:sl, s.f., pi. &eistt gast, D., ' bitch ' : 'ga:staxun, ' bitch and
puppies '.
ga:t, s.f., pi. galja, <xgate ' : du:y ga:t, ' two gates ' ; po:st 9 ga:t,
' gate-post ' (of wood or a single stone ) ; pilar 3 ga:t, ' gate-post '
(built of stone or brick).
gaval, v., gafaelu, D. Fut. S. i. g(a)veyla, 2. g(a)veili, 3.
g(a)veiliOtveli6. PI. i.g(a)veylun,2.g(a}veylux:'$.g(a)v.eylan. Imp.
144 gaval — gavr
g(a)veylun, gavun. Pret. S. i. g(a)veilis, gavis, 2. g(a)ve'ilist,
gavist, 3. g(a)veylo§, gavod, veloft. PI. 3. gavson. Plup. gavsun.
Imperative, gaval, gava ; g(a)veylux, gavux, ' to lay hold (of) ', ' to
catch (of fire) ', ' to take root ' : gaval m 9 re:ns, gaval y:n bo:b la:u,
' take hold of the reins, take one in each hand ' ; paid a gaval ma i,
' don't take hold of me ' ; rieif o dim gaval mi, ' he won't buckle
to ' ; may hi y gaval m 9 gla:u, ' the rain is setting to in earnest ' ;
gaval am ? meiygevn, ' to catch round the small of the back ' ; may
r gwynt ay gaval '9no\i, ' the wind is piercing ' ; may hi wedi gaval
a i dannab 9no vo, ' it bit him ' ; os by:b hi wedi gaval m jaun, ' if
it has taken root properly '. — Cf. kadjad.
gaval, s.f., gafael, D., ' hold, grasp ' : dal, ka:yl gaval (m), ' to
catch hold (of), to keep hold (of) ' ; koli, guluy gaval, ' to lose hold
(of) ' ; dal d aval mo vo rhag ibo sarBjo, ' catch hold of him to keep
him from falling ' ; dary mi ga:l gaval 9no vo, ( I caught hold of him ' ;
— fig. may r diwigjad wedi ka:yl gaval 3n drum mo vo, ' the revival
has caught hold of him strongly ' ; ma: gin baub aval meun byu,
' every one clings to life ' ; koli r aval, said of a dying man ; rhedag,
gwei&jo nerd i aval, ' to run, work to the utmost of one's power ' ;
mynd i aval 3 gmraB, ' to get within the arm of the law ' ; koli
r avalan iwaiB, ' to be turned off ' ; — bo:b gaval, ' every time ' : me&y,
gwela bo:b gaval.
gaval, adj., pi. gaveiljon, in the exp. karag aval, pi. Kerig gaval,
Kerig gaveiljon, l a stone fixed fast in the ground ' (J.J.).
gaveylgar, veylgar, velgar, adj., gafaelgar, D. (i) 'tenacious' :
pry: gaveylgar jaun, l a very tenacious insect ', i.e. one which keeps
a tight hold, e.g. on the hair of cattle (JJ.) ; dy:n gaveylgar = dy:n
dy gaval m i wai6 (O.H.) — opp. to -diraval. (2) ' arresting the
attention ' : pregaB av'e'ylgar.
gavl, s.f., pi. gavla, gafl, D. (i) 'fork' (of human beings or
animals) : Ki: a i gum/on 9n i avl, ' a dog with his tail between his
legs ' (= Ki: swat). The expression a i gumfon m i avl is also used
of human beings = ' cowed ', 'crestfallen'. (2) Megs': dy:n a
gavl hi:r, gavla hirjon, ' a long-legged man ' (O.H.) ; ledy i avla,
' to stand with one's legs wide apart ' (O.H.). (3) ' lap ' : plentyn
dn i gavl tru: r dy:§, 'a child in her lap all day ' (O.K.).
gavljo, v., 'to place the legs wide apart ' : dy:n dy gavljo o vla.yn
9 ta:n, ' a man sitting with his legs wide apart before the fire '.
gavlog, s.m., gaflog, S.E., s.v. ' forked ' ; ' a long-legged man '
(JJ, O.H.).
gavr, s.f., pl.geivr, gafr, D. (i) 'goat, she-goat ' : bu:xgavr,
' he-goat ' ; vel gavr ar drana, ' like a goat in a thunderstorm ',
said of some one in a state of great excitement ; geivr fi:r gnarvon,
epithet of the people of Carnarvonshire ; r he:n avr avlan /, term
of reproach for a woman (O.H.); m?y gavr/, expletive. (2) 'a
gavrjo—geni M5
small bundle of corn, etc., such as can be easily grasped by the
hand, and tied loosely together'. [The word in this sense is
perhaps the same as the Eng. (Dial.) ' gavel ', ' a sheaf or quantity
of corn ; a bundle or sheaf of rush used in thatching ' — Nrf. J
gavrjo, v., gafriaw, O.P., ' to tie corn, marram-grass (morat/f),
etc., in small loose bundles and place them to stand leaning against
one another in threes to dry' (O.H.).
geirwir, adj., geirwir, D., s.v. * verax ', ' verus ' ; ' truthful ' :
gonast a geirwir.
gelax, s.m., gelach, O.P., ' a small, wiry individual ' (I.W.) — as
term of reproach = hogyn dru:g ag m dixetdrug cbxrznlyd (O.H.) :
le: 'by:osli, r he:n ela\ kaxy ? (O.H.).
gelan, s.f., pi. gelod, g61, D., ' leech ' ; also felon bendu^ (I.W.) ;
gelan Seyban, gelan ridul (O.H.) : u6i hi vel gelan, ' at it like a
nigger '.
gelyn, s.m., pi. gehnjon, gelyn, D., < enemy ' : gelyn ftrnig, gelyn
gla:sy ' a deadly enemy ' ; 9 gelyn gla:s is also an epithet of death.
gebnjaO, s.m., gelyniaeth, D., ' enmity '.
gelig (O.K.); && (E.J., J.J.), s.pl.; sing, geligan (O.K.),
gerbgan (W.H., E.J., J;J.) ; fprfoan, garlag, garbgan(}.}^ gellyg,
D., ' pears ' : koydan gelig, elig (O.K.), koydan gerlig, erlig (J.J.),
* pear-tree ' ; gelig Ke&in, ' a worthless kind of pear ' (O.H.).
£e:n, s.f., gen, D., 'jaw' : klikjad ge:n, 'jaw-bone' ; 9r e:n isa,
yxa, ' the lower, upper jaw ' ; weyBa 3n i e:n, * in spite of him '
(O.H.). — Also ' chin ' : may r levriO wedi rhedag ar 9\ ge:n.
gena, s.m., pi. geneya, genau, D., 'mouth' (= fag) ; gena tul,
1 the mouth of a hole ' ; 9y yena r avon, ' at the mouth of the river ' ;
dan 9 £ena often = ' chin ' ; ty yena r sa:x may knilo (prov.),
' economy should begin at the mouth of the sack ' — i.e. when a new
supply is begun, not when it is all but finished ; gena gla:n i ogany
(prov.), c one who finds fault should be without fault himself ; — gena
go:g (go:yg\ genau goeg, D., * lizard '.
genaS, s.f., pi. (g)neOod, geneth, D., ' girl '. The more usual word
is hogan.
genedigaQ, s., genedigaeth, D., ' birth '.
genedigol, adj., genedigol, D., s.v. ' nativus ' ; ' native ' : r o:d o n
enedigol o bulheli, ' he was a native of Pwllheli ' ; le: genedtgol, bro:
enedigol, ' native place '.
gent, v., geni, D. Pret. ganuyd [no other inflected forms are
used], ' to be born': zmma ganuyd a maguyt t\ ' it was here that
she was born and brought up ' ; 9 durnod 9 ganuyd vz, ' the day I
was born ' ; 9 durnod gesti d9 em, ' the day you were born ' ; 'wyho\i
mo x geni * r by:d, ' you do not know what trouble is ' ; man gent,
'birth-mark'.
146 genii go :x —
U go:x, s.f., cenlli goch, D., s.v. 'cenchris'; the generic term
for 'hawk', — properly speaking * kestrel', Forrest, (Falco tinnun-
culus.) Cf.W%.
genwar, s.f., pi. genwet'rja, genwair, D., 'fishing-rod' (O.H.
frequently) = gjalam fosgotta, gjalam voirjo; — trwar, genwar a gun
rieiQ u:r bonebig zn him (prov.) ; pry: genwar, ' earth-worm '.
ge:r, ge:rs, s.pl., sing. Keryn, q;v., cer, D., s.v. ' gerrae ' ; ' gear,
stuff ' : ge:r(s] kafila, ' harness ' ; ge:r bo:n is used to distinguish from
ge:r redig, 'ploughing gear' ; he:n ge:r, ' old stuff' (O.H. speaking
of antiquities dug up) ; — also tools, instruments. Cf. ervyn,feryn.
gerjan, v., geran and gerain, D., ' to whine ' (of children), generally
gerjan kri:o. Also, ' to quarrel, bicker ' : gerjan ar i gi'h'8.
g-erlan, s.f., only in gerlan go:x (W.H.) = genii go:\ (?), ' hawk '
— not known to O.H. (This word occurs in an article on the
birds of Anglesey in the ' Clorianydd ' for Feb. 22, 1012.)
gernjal,gernjo, v., ymgernial, O.P. ; S.E., s.v. ' wrangle ' ; 'to talk
loudly, wrangle '.
geruyn, s.f., cerwyn, D., ' brewing-tub ' — made of brass or copper
(O.H.).
ges, s.f. (i) 'guess': 9 ges, riu ges ve\an. In slate-quarries, in
taking a bargain, ' the estimate as to how much will be worked in a
month ' (J.J.). (2) ' idea ' : / 0:8 gmo vo bim ges i nady, ' he had no
idea how to trim ' (sc. slates).
ge/'o, v., ' to guess ' = dweif'o, kafjo.
gewin, s.m., pi. gewina, gewma, gewin, D. (i) ' sinew, muscle ' :
r 0:8 3 gewin wedi kutjo, ' the sinew had shrunk'. (2) a by-form of
ewin, ' nail ' : may gewin o dy:n m werQ mznyd o §mas ; gwel gewin
o va:b na mmyS o verx (prov.). In these proverbs ewin is often
heard instead ofgewm. — Cf. Exod. x. 26.
geya, s.m., gayaf, L.A. 54. 9 ; gaeaf, G.R. [94]. 8 ; gauaf, D.,
' winter ', i. e. November, December, and January : ma: r gey a dy:
m 9mmyl, ' gloomy winter is approaching ' ; klaygeya = calan gauaf,
' the winter calends ', i.e. Nov. 13.
geyavab, adj., gauafaidd, D., s.v. ' hyemalis ' ; ' wintry ' : r o:d hi
n eyavabjaun heibju.
g'e'yavol, adj., gayafawl, M.A. i. 42 b. 7, 'of or belonging to the
winter ' : dy:8 geyavol, ' a winter's day '.
gid, always in conjunction with a, prep, gyda, gyd ag, D., s.v.
'cum'; gida, G.R. 2. 15 ; D.F. [25]. 27. (i) 'with', only used
in certain locutions — otherwise hevo. Sometimes the two expressions
are interchangeable, mi ei& gid a mmab, ' it will go (e. g. into the
box) with patience ' ; gid a govol, ' with care ' ; gid a x tfennad, ' by
your leave ' ; gida la:u, ' by the bye ' ; &id a hmny, ' in addition to
147
this ' ; hu:i /id a r Hi: a hu:i/id a r ga:6, ' to run with the hare and
hunt with the hounds ' ; — /id a hyn, ' presently ' : na: i de\ra /id a
fyn, ' I shall begin presently ' ; /id a r no:s, ' in the evening '. This
expression is also used substantively : ty: a /id a r no:s, ' towards
evening ' ; t%u:y /id a r no:s, ' all the evening '. (2) ' along ' : [uybyr
m t%oi i laur /id a r avon, ' a path turning down along the river ' ;
ku:x m mynd /id a r avon, ' a boat floating down the stream ' ; riu
vt'l/ir /id a r avon i laur, ' a mile or so down the river ' ; /id a r tat,
1 along the houses '. (3) used as a conjunction, ' as soon as ' : /id
a do:nu, ' as soon as they come ' ; /id a -fadanu wedi pafo, ' as soon
as they have passed ' ; /id a klu:od o hznny, ' as soon as he heard
that ' ; ped kmia /id a 'kodanu dy sy:l, ' as soon as they are up on
Sunday '. Cf. y gyt ac y doethant rac bron Kynan, R.B. ii. 1 13. 22
(S. § 206); gyt ac y bu nos, W.B., col. 71. 12 ; gyt ac y kyuodes
ef, W.B., col. 52. 20.
/i:d, only in i /i:d, i gyd, D., s.v. ' insimul ' ; ' all, altogether ' :
daxi wedi du:ad i /i:d ru:an, ' you have all come now ' ; T zdani n
ail rieyd 9 ty: i /i:d, ' we are reconstructing the whole house ' ; r\i:
ga:B 9 bQtra i/i:d heidju, ' you got all the letters to-day ' ; r o:d hi y
/e:g i gi:d, ' she was a great chatterbox ', lit. ' she was all mouth ' ;
9y go-'X i/i-'d drosto, ' red all over ' ; r o:d 9 ia:n wedi mynd i laur i/i:d,
( the fire had gone quite low ' ; dim mo i gi:d, ' not all there, crazy '.
/ild/o, v., gildio, W.LI. xxi. 88. (i) 'to yield, give way'. (2) of
corn ' to yield well, to produce good grain ' (J.J.). (3) of corn
' yielding the grain easily when threshed ' (J.J.).
/ild/o, v., Eng. geld ; (Dial.) gild, w.Som., ( to clean (herrings)
before salting, etc., by removing the entrails ' : gildjo penwaig
(O.H.).
/Hid, gilydd, D., s.v. 'mutuus' ; gilid, W.B., col. 9. 3; 12. 13;
gilidd, G.R. 28. 20; D.F. [6] 28, [24] 5, [38] 23 :— always pre-
ceded by a pronominal adjective, ' each other, one another ' ; ma: r
p^sgod 9y gwey tru i /Hid, ' the fish are threading in and out between
one another ' ; ma: nu nfreyo hevo i /Hid o hy:d, ' they are always
quarrelling with one another ' ; / zdi r bexgin dim mor do.yO a i/ilid,
' the young fellows are not all equally wise ' ; mi do:ni i 8a:lt yy
gilid vesyl tippin, ' we shall get to understand one another little by
little ' ; pym ty: m serund u6 i /Hid, ' five houses in a row ' ; kayl
p day pen linin at i gilid, ' to make two ends meet ' ; la:yB wedi hel
at i gilid, ' curdled milk ' ; mynd i gilid, ' to shrivel, to shrink ' ; ma:
rhei pobol m medul bod nu n dal y by:d u6 i gilid, ' some people think
they hold the world together '; du:y noson ar o:l i gilid, ' two nights
running ' ; yy knokjo uB 3 dru:s vel 'tasanu am godi r by:d y mhen
i gilid, ' knocking at the door as if they were going to set the w°ho!e
world topsy-turvy ' ; mi a:nu at i gilid etto, ' they will come together
again ', i.e. ' they will make it up ' ; hel nu y griu at i gilid, 'to
drive them together into a mass ' ; syt 3 may y\ plant \i i hmmyd
L 2
148 gin — &iyrom
nu at i gilfe?, 'how are your children taking them all together ? ' ;
uB roi po:b durnod at i gilib, ' on the average ' ; may rhei n medry
3 du.y la:u vel i gih'8, ' some people can use both hands equally
well ' ; dim mor anod i baub a i £ili§, ' not equally difficult to all ',
' not so difficult to some as it is to others '.
gin, gen, Kin, prep., gan, D. ; gen, G.R. 22. 2 ; 35. 17. With
pronouns S. i . gin i, gen i\ 2 . gin fi, gen ti; 3 . gmo vo, geno DO, gino
vo ; gmi hi, gini hi. PI. i. 'gznoni, 'ginoni, -genoni] 2. 'gmoxi, 'gmzx*',
'gmoxi, 'genoxi', 3. 'gmonu,'gznynu, 'genynu, 'ginonu. (i) with bo:d
to denote possession : may lais main g9no vo, ' he has a shrill voice ' ;
oy:s gin li vmiryn o vakko ?, ' have you a scrap of tobacco ? ' ; may
gin i bedar jaiB, * I know four languages ' ; r o:y§ gmo vo v^ul
maur o hono vo, ' he thought a great deal of it ' ; may gin i gy:r dn
9 mhen, ( I have a headache ' ; may gin i gwilift farad o x bla:yn xi>
' 1 am shy of talking before you ' ; ko: da: gin i!, ' what a memory
I have ! ' (2) after various adjectives denoting their relation to a
person : may n da: gin i, ' I am glad ' ; may n bru:g Kin i, ' I am
sorry ' ; (also without ma:y : da: gin i, dru:g Kin z') ; 6a: Kin i m ono
vo, ' I don't like him ' ; wel gin i, ' I would rather ' (cf. wel i mi,
' I had better ') ; wa:yB gin i, dim ods gin i, ' it is all the same to
me ', 'I don't care ' ; may n rhy: bo:y6 gin t, ' it is too hot for me ' ;
pe6 hdla gin i ddi gweld . . ., ' there is nothing I hate more than
seeing . . / ; debig Kin i, ' I suppose ' ; may n haus gin ivebul, ' I am
rather inclined to think'; may n hu:yr gin i gwelt hi n mendjo, ' I
am longing to see her get better ' ; 3 pe:6 gora 'gmoxi ga:l ar *
deyar, ' the thing you like to get best in the world ' ; / ?di hi dim dn
rhy: vy:an 'gmoxi yweld if, 'you don't think it too soon to see
me ? ' — also after a predicative noun with dn : may y gwestjun gin
i 'vedruxi godi vory, ' I rather doubt whether you will be able to get
up to-morrow '. (2) ' by ', expressing the agent after a passive
verb : Sary o ga:yl i la:b (= mi labuyd o) gmo vo, ' he was killed by
him'. (3) where English usage requires 'from' in cases like the
following : ga: ivenQig su:lt 'gmoxi?, ' will you lend me a shilling ? ' ;
xeuxi mo r gwi:r gmo vo, ' you can't get the truth out of him ' ; gin
buy -prmnisti o ?, ' from whom did you buy it ? ' (4) after kayl,
with a person from whom permission is obtained : os KeiQ o gin
i da:d, l if his father will let him '. (5) ' with, because of ' : krmny
gin annuyd, 'to shiver with cold'; meQy gweld d ko:yd gin brenja,
' not to see the wood for the trees '. (6) rarely in phrases of the
form : r he:n fu:l gano vo !, ' the old fool ! ' ; r he:n grjadyr gin 2
nhaid, ' my old grandfather '.
gini, s.m., pi. ginis, gini, T.N. 4. 30, 'guinea ' : day gini, 'two
guineas ' ; pentur o ginis anvarB, ' an immense heap of guineas '.
gmo, v. [egmo~\.
.) s. \Kiygron\.
gis—gla:s 149
gis, Eng. (Dial.) gis, giss, Sc. and N. Eng., a call to pigs (to
make them come to the speaker). According to O.H. bik was
formerly said to one, gis to a number, but now gis is used in both
cases.
gjalam (W.H. ; I.W. ; O.H.), gwialam (O.H.) ; gwalan (J.J.),
s.f., pi. gjalams, gwia/ams, gwialyms. Cf. also gwi:al. With the
article p wjalam^ gw'ialen, D., ' rod ' : gjalam vedu, ' birch rod ' ;
gjalam (by)sgotta, vuirjo (voirjo), ( fishing-rod ' ; gjalam heyarn
\fru:yn\ ; gjalam ayr, ' agrimony ' (Agrimonia Eupatoria) ; gjalam
arjan, kind of plant (sp. ?) — Also ' penis '.
gjalxan, gal\an ; £i:alx (I.W.), s.f., pi. gjal\od. With the article
9 wjalxan, mwyalchen, D., * blackbird ' (Turdus merula).
glan, s.f., pi. glennyb, glanna, glann, D. (i) ' shore, bank ' : glan
9 mo:r, ' sea-shore ' (pi. glanna morod) ; glan 9r avon, ' the bank of
the river ' : may r avon wedi tori dros i glennyb, ' the river has
overflowed its banks ' ; ar Ian 9 be:b, ' on the brink of the grave '.
(2) the place is a quarry where the slates are dressed, and in general
the sides of the quarry as compared with the tul or deep workings.
gla.fi, adj., glan, D. (i) 'clean': du:r gla:n, 'clean water';
kleri gla:n, ' clean collars '. (2) ' pure ' : hmro gla:n (gloyu), 'a
pure Welshman '. (3) ' good-looking, beautiful ' : merx la:n 9stuy6y
' a fine sprightly girl '. (4) 'utterly, entirely ': mi 'ayhovis ?n la:n
neiQjur, 1 1 clean forgot last night ' ; meBis in la:n (loyu), ' I failed
utterly ' ; ovnaduy la:n, " awfully " ; kodi n la:n ar (imp.), ' to cease
entirely ' : mi godod zn lam arna i i vynd 9 mla:yn hevo farad seisnag,
( I entirely gave up speaking English ' : mi godoS sn la:n arno vo ar
ganol i bregaB, ' he utterly broke down in the middle of his sermon '.
glandag, adj., glandeg, D., s.v. ' mundus ' ; ' good-looking ' : dy:n
glandag.
glanwaQ, adj., glanwaith, D., s.v. ' mundus ' ; ' clean and neat ' :
r 0:8 na rubaB dtgri mi hi ond r 0:8 hi n reit dut^ in reit lanwaB
(O.H.), 'there was something funny about her, but she was quite
tidy, quite clean and neat '; dgob lanwaB deidi meun mynyd (O.H.),
' a clean, neat job, all in a minute ' \—farm lanwaB.
glanweiBdra, s., glanweithdra, D., s.v. ' munditia ' ; ' cleanliness
and neatness'.
gla:s, s.m., pi. glasys, * glass, tumbler ' ; ' looking-glass '.
gla:s, adj., pi. gleif'on, glas, D. (i) 'blue': r awyr /a:s, 'the
blue sky ' ; karag !a:s, pi. Kerig gleifon, * slate ' ; krogan la:sy
pi. kregin gleif'on, * mussel '. (2) * green ' : ti:r gla:s, ' lawn, grass-
plot9; klut gla:s o vlayn 9 /y:, 'a green patch before the house'.
( 3) implying youth : riu la:s hogan, ' a young girl ' ; cf. glaslangc,
D., s.v. ' adolescens ', ' iuuenculus '. (4) ' grey ' : Kefyl gla:s, ' a grey
horse ' ; byux la:s, ' a grey cow ' ; d.glasy (of the hair) ; bora gla:s,
150 glasan — gla:u
' dawn ' ; cf. W.B., col. 73. 29. (5) epithet of death, 9gelyngla:s ; cf.
C.C. 12. 13, — also 9 gla:s, ' death ' ; — gelyn gla:s = also 4 a deadly
enemy ' ; cf. D.F. [75]. 3. (6) with intensive meaning or the
like : ovnatsan la:s ! * extraordinary ! ' ; y:n gla:s ddi o, 'he is a
tough customer ' ; — gwalx gla:s 9di o, may o n wydyn vel kortyn \ —
r u:yti ny:n gla:s /, ' you're a fine fellow ! ' (ironically) ; may n hu:yr
gla:s i mi vynd, ' it is high time for me to go ' ; ar i w'e'yBa gla:s,
' in spite of him '.
glasan, s.f., pi. glasennod, glasen, 'young girl '.
glasrau, s., glasrew, D.G. 1. 21, 'rain fallen and congealed'
(Fr. ' verglas ').
•gla:srewi, v., glasrewi, may hi wedi -gla:s'rewi, 'the ground is
covered with a coating of ice ' ; ' the rain, has frozen as it fell '.
glastur, s.m., glasdwr, Sion Tudur in G.R. [370]. 13 ; cf.
glastwfyr, W.B., col. 203. 10, 'cold water and buttermilk ' ; fig. of
something flimsy, of a milk-and-water character : syt ma: nu m
neiB d day dim glastur.
glastura, v., ' to work in a lazy, dawdling fashion ' : paid a glastur a
hevo d9 waiB (O.H.).
glastur -ad, adj., ' flimsy, milk-and-water ' : pregaB lasturab. (W.H.).
glaswyn, adj., glaswyn, W.LI. Ixv. 5, 'greyish white': byux
laswan.
glasy, v., glasu, D. (i) ' to turn green ' : may po:b man dy glasy,
' everything is turning green ' (in spring) ; may r gwair d-y glasy m
9 da:s, 'the hay turns green in the stack'. (2) 'to turn grey' (of
the hair) : gwa:lt dy glasy.
glaf'ad, s.m., pi. glafeidja, ' a glassful ' : glafad o guru, ' a glass
of beer '.
glafad, s.m., glasiad, 2 Kings vii. 7, ' the peep of day '. Cf.
bora gla:s.
gla:u, s.m., pi. glawogyb, glaw, D., ' rain ' : luru gla:u, ' to rain ' ;
may n debig aru i la:u, ' it looks very like rain ' ; may hi am la:u
vory, ' it is going to rain to-morrow ' ; may n troi n la:u, ' it is
turning to rain ' ; may hi n hel gla:u, ' rain is coming on, the clouds
are gathering for rain ' ; may hi wedi kay am la:u, ' it has set in
for rain ' ; gobeiBjo neiQ i dim gla:u, ' I hope it won't rain ' ; may hi
wedi gneyd gla:u maur (gla:u garu), 'it has rained very heavily';
rhak ovn idz hi ga:yl gla:u idi hi, ' for fear of it getting wet ' (in the
rain) ; may hi wedi dal zn hi:r heb dim gla:u, ' we have had no rain
for a long time ' ; may na vo:r o la:u etto, ' there is any amount of
rain to come yet ' ; dary mi moxal 3 gla:u m oxor 9 klaud, ' I
sheltered from the rain behind the wall ' ; mynd dn o:l ag 9 mla:yn
i r gla:u, ' to go in and out into the rain ' ; may xufy'ad (xwifjad)
glaujo — gttyo 151
gla:u tni hi heno, ' the wind promises rain ' ; smukkan o !a:u, gla:u
ma:n, gla:u fox<*n, * drizzle ' ; may himpigogla:u, ' it is " spotting "
rain ' ; gla:u irana, ' thunder rain ' ; gla:u gola, ' rain when the sky
is bright towards the east ' — looked upon as a bad sign (Llan-
fairfechan) ; gla:u mi:s mat, * May rain ' (ma: nu y gadu vo tru r
vluybyn, may o n da: %hag 9 gavod a (ay meun aniveiljaid, O.H.).
glaujo, v., glawio, D., ' to rain ' (= burn gla.it, buru) : may hi y
glaujo, ' it is raining'; bary hi laujo n drum {= n aru) neiBjur, ' it
rained heavily last night ' ; mi lawiB os gosle£i6 9 gwynt, ' it will
rain if the wind drops ' ; glaujo n bu:yst ' to rain steadily ' ; may na
i ovn na glaujo net'B i tru: r dy:b, ' I am afraid it will rain all day ' ;
may hi n du:ad i laujo, ' it is coming on to rain '.
glawog, adj., glawog, D., ' rainy ' : ar burnod glawog.
gletnt, s.m., goleuni, D. ; goleini, C.C.M. 14. 7, Might': s ax*
ifo gleint?, ' do you want a light ? '
gle'tfad, s., gleisiad, D., ' sewin ' (I.W.).
glet/'o, v., gloesio, D., ' to vomit ' : pu:ys gleif'o, ' inclination to
vomit '.
glendid, s.m., glendid, D., ' beauty ' : dotjo at i glendid hi.
gleny, glenyd, v. [glmy\
gle:u, adj., pi. gleujon, glew, D. (i) 'hearty, well': hyuyn reit
le:u 8ary mi, ' I started heariily enough '. Very common in answer
to inquiries about health in the form go le:u, 'pretty well ': sy da\i
heibju ? n o le:u. — go le:u is also used adjectively or adverbially in
the sense of * fair, rather, pretty well ' in such cases as the following :
r zda\i wedi hel tippin go h:u o ve:l i r ku:x, ' you have feathered
your nest pretty well ' ; ma: honna n o le:u o harb, ' that is rather
pretty ' ; da\i wedi kafjo n o !e:u, ond da\i dim ?n jaun, ' you have
guessed pretty well, but you are not right'. (2) 'pertinacious,
persistent, tenacious ' : — r he:n deklyn gle:u ; esp. ' tenacious as
regards money ' : pobol m medwz ag an mynd an leujon, i.e. one can
get nothing out of them. (3) ' grasping ' : dy:n gle:u jaun ?di o.
Cf. T.N. 308. 30, Mae gwyr o gyfraith yn bethe glewion, Hwy
wnant am arian yn ddi feth Ar f einioes y peth a fynon.
glewa, v., glewa, O.P., ' to be grasping '.
gleyad; g&yod (].].), s.m., glaiad, D., 'dried cow-dung used as
fuel '.
gleyadan, s.f., glaiaden, D., ' a piece of dried cow-dung '.
gleyo, gly:o, v., goleuo, D. Fut. gleya. Imperative gleya ;
gleyu\. (Forms from this verb are used indiscriminately with those
from gola.) (i) ' to light ' : gleyux * ta:n, ' light the fire '. (2) ' to
lighten ' : may hi y gleyo me:£/, ' it is lightning ' ; may hi y gleyo
dreigja, ' it is sheet lightning '. (3) ' to glow, to shine ' : prrvaid
ba:x sy y gleyo, i.e. glow-worms. (4) 'to become light': er pen
152 glidjo — gly:b
may hi wedi gleyo, 'since is was light'; may y gleyo dippin, 'it is
getting a bit lighter '. (5) ' to enlighten, explain '. (6) ' to go
away suddenly, quickly', in the expression gleya hi n da vla:yn,
' off with you ' = gloivi.
glidjo, v., gludio, D., s.v. ' haereo ' ; 'to adhere, stick ' : ba:u zy
glidjo ag 9y gleny ; ba:u dy glidjo m dx gwymmad xi » d ku:yr wedi
glidjo n i glistja.
gli:n, s.m., pi. glinja, glin, D., ' knee ' : pen,gli:n, ' the top of the
knee ; knee ' ; padal pen gli:n (O.K.), ' knee-cap ' = (pjpelan pen
gli:n (J.J.) ; avjexid ar ben gli:n, ' an affection of the knee '.
glivirin, glwinir, s., pi. glivirjad, gylfinhir, D., ' curlew '
(Numenius arquata).
glo:, s.m., glo, D., ' coal ' : gwaiQ glo:, pul glo:, ' coal-mine ' ;
kut glo:, ' coal-shed ' ; bukkad glo:, ' coal-scuttle ' ; klap o lo, ' lump
of coal ' ; glo: ma:n (= sleks), ' slack ' (opp. glo: bra:s) ; glo: gwydt,
' coal which burns away quickly ' = glo: flamed.
gloivi, v., gloywi, D. (i) 'to polish' : gloivi sgidja, 'to polish
boots'; gloivi ge:r, 'to polish harness'; gloivi fofyfa, 'to groom
horses ' ; gloivi hi, ' to run away ' ; pe 'gwelati o n i gloivi hi!, ' you
should have seen him take to his heels ! ' (2) ' to pour away
a liquid and leave the sediment' (cf. gloyvon)} — also used of
potatoes : glb'yvux 2 du:r o§i ar 9 tattus, ne mi 'vsbanu wedi muyglo,
' pour away the water from off the potatoes or they will be all in
a mush '. (3) ' to improve in appearance, to look smart and
spruce ' : ma: hun a hun wedi gloivi n aru (= gwela i olug), e.g.
after having had money left him, or having become sober (O.H.).
(4) ' to become thin or clear ' (of liquids).
gloyn, gloyun ; gloyvyn, gluyvyn (O.H.), s.m. and pi. — only in
glo:yn (etc.) byu, ' butterfly ', gloyn Duw, D.
glb'yu, gleyu, adj., pi. gloyvon, gluyvon, gloyw, D. (i) ' clear,
bright ' : glb'yu vel grif'al, ' clear as crystal ' ; Kin Ibywad a du:r,
' as clear as water ' ; — often used to intensify gla:n, e.g. h?nro gla:n
glb'yu, ' a thorough Welshman ' ; drzsy n la:n loyu de:g, ' to be
utterly confused '. (2) 'polished': sgidja gluyvon. (3) 'spruce,
etc. ' (cf. gloivi, 3) : r o:§ o n edrax an loyu jaun ; — 9 we:d viuya
glb'yu m 9 preimin, ' the smartest team in the show '. (4) in the
exp. tida gluyvon, ' dribbling from the mouth ' (O.H.) = gbveirjon.
gloyvon, glbivjon, s.pl., gloewon, O.P., " the clear of a liquid " :
glbivjon la:yd, 'whey' (O.H.); — dvad 9 glbivjon a kadu r kaus
(O.H.)-
gluvar, s.m., glwfer, T.N. 17. 17, Eng. glover, 'tanner' = dy:n
2y gneyd ledar ag an tri:n 9 kru:yn.
gly.b, adj., fern. gle:b, pi. gbbjon, comp. gbppax, gwlyb, D.,
* wet ' : sn ly:b vel davrgi, ' like a drowned rat ' ; 3n ly:b d9veryd
glybanjaB —gntyd 153
' dripping wet ' = m ly:b soppan dail domman ; ma: r dmvyb m ly:b,
1 the weather is wet ' ; jo: gly:b, ' an unweaned calf ' ; (fig.) ' a raw
youth ', ' a dull person ' ; pobol bbjon, * soakers '. — Substantively :
gly:b a gwely, ' hot water and milk, and lodging '.
glybanjaB, s.m., gwlybaniaeth, D., ' wetness, dampness, moisture ' :
hi:r lybanjaB, hi:r S9\tur (weather proverb).
glybur, s.m., gwlybwr, D., ' wetness, dampness, moisture '.
gly:d, s.m., glud, D., ' viscous matter in the ears, wax ' = ku:yr
(O.H).
glyn, s.m., pi. gbnnot, glyn, D., ' valley '.
gly:n [9 'nly:n~\.
gb\y, v., gwlychu, D., 'to wet ' ; ' to be wet ' : may ifo giant
i b\y 9 Seyar dippin, * rain is wanted to wet the ground a little ' ;
may o wedt gbyy n dweryd ; wedi gb^y n domman (= soppan dail
domman) ; wedi gb%y n fibrin, ' he is dripping wet ', ' he is wet
through ' ; dary x* byy ?, * did you get wet ? '
gbny(d); gleny(d) (E.J., J.J., O.H.), v., glynu, D., 'to stick':
may o y kay glmy, ' it won't stick ' ; ma: r bara y gbny zn 9\ Ke:g
Xt, ' (badly-baked) bread sticks to your mouth ' ; he:n snavad zy
gbnyd m i gi'h'd, ' slimy matter sticking together ' (e. g. on
a pond).
glweirjo, v., glyfoeriaw, O.P., ' to slobber, slaver, dribble '.
glzveirjon, s.pl., glafoerion, D., ' dribblings from the mouth,
slaver ' : burn (guluri) gbveirjon, ' to slobber '.
glwnjad, gbvinad ; glivinad (O.H.), s., gylfinaid, lit. 'beakful ' :
glwnjad o levriQ, ' a mouthful of milk '.
gneyd, v. Fut. S. i.gna:(v), 2.gnet, $.griei6,gngif. PI. i.gnaun,
gna:ny 2. gneux, 3- gna:n. Imperf. S. i.gneyBun; gnaun, 2.gney6at;
gna:yt, gnait, 3. gneyBa ; gna:y> gna:. PI. i. gneyBan ; gna:n, 2.
gneyBax; gna:\, 3. gneyBan; gna:n, gna:yn. Pret. S. i. gne:s,
grieis, 2. gnest, grieist, 3. gna:6. PI. i. gneyBon, gneyson, 2. gneyBox,
' gneysox, 3. gneyBon, gneyson. 'Pres. Subj. S. 3. gnelo. Pl.i.gne/on,
2. gnelox, 3. gnelon. Imperative gna: ; gneux- Fut. Pass, gneir.
Pret. Pass, gnaud, gwneud, D.G. ccv. 14 (gwneuthur, D). (i) 'to
make' (in various senses) : may nu wedi grieyd ka:n arno voy 'they
made a song about him ' ; gntyd ta:n, ' to make a fire ' ; nid po:b
koyd neiB drol, ' not every wood will make a cart ' ; wedi neyd
o go:yd, ' made of wood ' ; gneyd jexi i doi tai, ' to make slates for
roofing houses ' ; gneyd gwely, ' to make a bed ' ; gneyd hu:yl am
ben ru:m, ' to make fun of some one ' ; gneyd nada, ' to scream ' ;
gneyd padar ( = stori) o hono vo, ' to make a long story of it ' ;
gneyd pas arno vo, ' to take him in ' ; gneyd pre:s, ' to make money ' ;
gneyd s/u:r, ' to make a noise ' ; gneyd stimjat ' to make grimaces ' ;
154 gneyd
gneyd sylu ( = dal sylu), ' to pay attention ', ' take notice '; gneyd ' tro:yd
i davarn, ' to set foot in a public house ' ; gneyd (= kadu] turu, ' to
make a noise ' ; gneyd zmdrax, ' to make an effort ' ; grieydm vaur o,
1 to make much of, ' to make the most of : rhaid gneyd 3n vaur
0 bo:b durnod bra:v ga:ni ru:an, ' we must make the best of every
fine day we get now '. Cf. G.R. (2) 8. — with noun as appositive
complement : gneyd 9 gwair m vsdala dros 2 sy:l, ' to gather the
hay in heaps over Sunday ' ; — with adjective as appositive com-
plement : r 9du i wedi neyd o y grwax hetiju, ' I have made it
stronger to-day ' ; ma: r d#wy§ tamp ma 3y gneyd ru:in m flat, ' this
damp weather makes one feel dull ' ; puintjo mo:x = gneyd nu
n deujon ; gneyd linja o va:x i vaur, ' to enlarge photographs ' ;
gneyd 9x hy:n m v^xan, 'to make yourself small', i.e. 'to crouch
down ' ; similarly : gneyd i hy:n vel zr o.yd o, ' to make himself
as he was ' ; — followed by 2, ' to make ', i. e. ' to force, compel ' :
yvo: na:B i mi x^erBtnt l he made me laugh ' ; — of weather, cf.
Fr. ' faire ' : may. hi y gneyd terwyd gly:b jaun, ' it is very wet
weather ' ; hurax 9 gneif higavod, ' perhaps there will be a shower ' ;
may hi wedi gneyd gla:u maur, ' there has been heavy rain '.
(2) « to do ' : be nesti hevo vo ?, ' what did you do with it ? ' ;
zn meBy gubod be 'n'eyBuni, ' not knowing what to do ' ; gneu'xi:, na:
i: 8im, 'you do it, / won't ' ; be naun i ond deyd 9 gwi:r a deyd na
naun i m ono vo ?, ' what should I do but tell the truth and say
1 wouldn't do it ? ' ; ru:an daxi wedi gn'e'yt z7, ' now you've done
it ! ' ;* beQ bmnag "nelonu, ' whatever they do ' ; beB fonnag a ne'iB o,
' whatever he does ' ; 'vedrani dim gneyd day waiB ar ynwaB, ' we
can't do two things at once ' ; os o.yd riu dru:g wedi neyd, ' if some
evil had been done ' ; daxi y gneyd gwerB ax bu:yd?, * does what
you do make up for your keep ? ' ; ddi o wedi gneyd djoni
(= le:s) ?, ' has it done any good ? ' ; gneyd i or a, ' to do one's
best ' ; gneyd kam hevo, * to wrong ' ; gneyd 9 tro:, ' to do, to answer
the purpose ' ; gneyd heb, ' to do without '. Other senses are :
(a) ' to do (with), concern ' : rubaB nelo vo dim a vo, ' something
which does not concern him ' ; be sy 'neloxi a ni: ?, ' what have you
to do with us ? ' ; t o:s na 8im 'neloxi a m':, ' you have nothing to
do with me '. (b) ' to do ', ' to be good, seemly ' : ne'iB hon ivytta />,
Ms this good to eat?' (c) 'to cheat' (Eng. to "do"): gneyd
ru:in. (d) * to cook': gneyd bu:yd ; gneyd d suppar, 'to cook,
get ready the supper ' (Anglo- Welsh ' to make the supper ') ; na:
i neyd x^anag 'arnynu, ' I will do (cook) them more ' ; na i neyd
nu vory gad ni ka:l nu n o:yr r usnos nesa, ' 111 cook them to-
morrow so as to have them cold next week '.
(3) as auxiliary : (a) used with the infinitive instead of the
synthetic forms of the verb : na i garjo vo ?, ' shall I carry it ? ' —
Ans. i:a ; na i weidi n saiB mu:y, ' I'll shout seven times louder ' ;
/ 9du i dim sn amma na ne'iB i glirjo, ' I do not doubt it will clear
up ' ; ma na i ovn na glaujo ne'iB i tru: r dy:b, ' I am afraid it will
go: — gobeiBjol 155
rain all day ' ; vain/ o amsar nfiB o bara />, ' how long will it last ? ' ;
ne'yBa hi dim myndfor araj^, ' it wouldn't go any other way ' ; ne:s
i dim gbxy> 1 1 didn't get wet '. (b) as polite form of the imperative :
neuxi aros ?mma f>, ' will you wait here ? ' — Ans. gnaw, ' Yes ' ;
na: na (i), ' No ' — [with the verbs mynd and du:ad the answer is
generally a.-v, do:(v)] ; neuxi roi %hei n 3 mhen oral 9 burt r, ' will
you put these things at the other end of th°e table ? . (c) to avoid
repetition of the same verb : \masun (= \2msuri) i lawar a x^fdad
i gonuy heno a xmasa X*0a xwai&, na neyBax?, * I wouldn't walk to
Conway for a great deal to-night and you wouldn't either, would
you ? ' ; mi gadwiB 9 du:r 9in boy B ax m 9 teKa^ nag 9n 9 dgug, 9y
gne'i'6 f>, * the water will keep hotter in the kettle than in the jug,
won't it?'; neuxi gany pen do:nu, ?y gneux?, 'you will ring when
they come, won't you ? ' ; mi deydod hi u6a i, " Kerux i no:/ glo:
i mi", " na: na, wi:r", meda vi, 'she said to me, "go and fetch
some coal for me ". " No, I won't ", said I ' ; di:o/x os neiB o,
' I hope he will ' ; dary mi ovyn ido vo vynd and na:6 o dim,
1 1 asked him to go, but he didn't do so ' (Anglo- Welsh ' he
didn't do ').
(4) verbal noun used as attributive genitive : byrym gneyd,
' home-made barm '.
go: (long only when emphatic), adv., go, D., (emphatic) ' very ' ;
(not emphatic) ' rather, pretty, fairly ' : vedar ogynrra:ig ? go: x?d*g>
' does he know Welsh ? Very little ' ; hm'ra:ig go wayl s gmo
vo, * his Welsh is rather poor ' ; fy:8 go X3dig o amsar, l there won't
be much time ' ; du i wedi bo:d am dro: go da:, ' I've been for
a pretty good walk ' ; dsnas go vaur, ( a good-sized woman ' ;
sy daxi heidju ? n o le:u, ' how are you to-day ? ' ' Pretty well '.
go:, s.m., pi. govaint, gof, D., * smith ' : r o:d o n o:, * he was
a smith '.
gobaiB, s.m., pi. gobeiQjon, gobaith, D., ' hope ' : byu meun gobaiQ
o hy:d, ' to live always in hope ' ; may gobaiB noswe'iBja go/a n
vy:an ru:an, ' there is hope of light evenings soon now ' ; hevo
gobaiB, ' I hope so ' ; o:ys 'gwoxi rei nad o:ys dim gobaiQ ytynu
fosgy byB ?, ' have you some for whom there is no hope that they
will ever learn ? ' ; gobaiB magy, ' in the family way ' ; ma gmi hi
obaiB magy o hono vo, ' she is pregnant by him '.
gobeiBjo, v., gobeithio, D., ' to hope ' : * I hope ' is often expressed
simply by the infinitive : gobeiBjo na n'eifhi dim para n hi:r, ' I hope
it won't last long ' ; gobeiBjo 9 pariB o dros dolig, * I hope it will last
over Christmas ; gobeiBjo r ta:d (— r annul) /, • I hope to goodness ! '
gobeiBjol, adj., gobeithiawl, O.P., 'hope-inspiring': zdi o n
obeiBjol), 'is there hope of recovery?' (from the injury); dy:n
gobeiBjol, * a promising man '.
156 gobennyb — gogor
gobennyd, s.m., pi. goben^ja, gobennydd, D., ' bolster ' : ka:s
gofiennyd, ' bolster case ' (= jydad).
godakja, i.e. God ache : godakja **'/, ' drat you ! ' (more often
dakja).
godra, s.m., godre, D. (i) 'skirt, bottom part of a dress or any
garment ' : kodux odra x trausys, ' turn up your trousers ' ; kodi
godra (of a woman), ' to lift the skirts ', and fig. kodi i godra hi, ' to
show her up, to expose her failings '. (2) ' skirt, bottom ' (e.g. of
a mountain) : mzriyd a i odra gorlewinol 9n 9 mo:r, ' a mountain
whose base is washed by the sea on the western side '.
godrapja, ' drat ' (generally drafja) : godrapja \i !
godro, v., godro, D., ' to milk ' : sto:l odro, ' milking-stool ' ;
gwar&ag godro, ' milch cattle ' ; pry:d vasa n or a i mi odro ?, ' when
had I better do the milking ? '
go8a0, s., goddaith, D., in phrase goftati o da:n = furnas
o da:n (J J.), ' a mass of flame, a blazing furnace ' (said of a great
fire). Cf. kolkarB, wemflam.
godav, v., goddef, D., ' to bear ' (with) : gobav t'do vo, ( to bear
with him ' ; daxi y godav i mi beyd peBa rfovad.
go:g, s.f., pi. koga, cog, D. (i) ( cuckoo ' : Kin lonad a r go:g,
' as blithe as a lark ', ' as bright as a button ', ' as right as
a trivet ' ; hetbju vel go:g, vory vel taru, ' to-day as bland as a dove,
to-morrow raging like a bull ' (of people of changeable character) ;
mi welis i go:g, ' I saw a cuckoo ' ; bu:yd 9 go:g, ' wood sorrel '
(Oxalis Acetosella).
g0g<™y, v., goganu, D., ' to speak evil of : gogany dy:n 9n igevn ; —
gena gla:n i ogany (prov.).
gogard, Gogarth, cf. D., s.v. < garth ' ; only in the place-name
9 g°gar®> l Great Orme's Head ' : pen 9 gogard is the extremity of
that promontory.
goglad, s.m., gogledd, D., ' north ' : gogla duyran, ' north-east '.
goglas, s.m., goglais, D., ' itching ' : ma: nu n oglas i gi:d, * they
are itching all over ' ; kodi gog las arno vo, ' to tickle him '.
goglas, v., goglais, ' to tickle ' : paid a yoglas t, ' do not tickle
me ' ; fig. goglas 3 teimlada, ' to tickle the feelings '.
goglebol, adj., gogleddol, D., s.v. ' borealis ' ; ' northern ' : gleini
gogkbol, ' northern lights '.
goglttfol, adj., gogleisiawl, O.P., ' ticklish ' (J.J.).
gogonjant, s.m., gogoniant, D., s.v. ' gloria ' ; ' glory '. Used as
excl. of delight.
gogor, s.m., pi. gogra, gogr, D., ' sieve ' : gogor rhaun (= gogor
hidil), ' hair sieve ', ' strainer ' (for milk) ; may o vel gogor hidil, said
of one who cannot keep a secret ; gogor pyro (O.H.), used for
gogro—golxi 157
corn ; — gogor is also used for ' riddle ' for riddling cinders = %hidi[.
[gogor is the generic term ; rhidi^ = ' riddle ' only.]
gogro, v., gogro, ' to sieve '.
gogrun, v., cf. gogrynu, D. (i) ' to sieve '. (2) 'to squander ' :
may o y gogrun 9 kubul, ' he squanders everything'. (3) ' to sway
from side to side .as one riddling ' : gogrun mynd.
goxal, v., gochel, D., ' to beware, take heed ' : go\al rhag i be:6
8u:ad; — 9 ne:b sy m byu meun ty: gwydyr go\elad lixjo forig (prov.),
' people who live in glass houses should not throw stones '.
gala, s.m. (pi. goljada\ goleu, D., ' light ' : rhoigola ar 9 gannuyl,
1 to light the candle ' ; dal gola iru:in, f to hold a light to some one '';
•r 9dani rhuy day ola, ' it is twilight ', i. e. ' between daylight and
artificial light ' ; gweiBjo n fogyn o ola r* ola, ' to work hard from
dawn till nightfall ' ; may hi n lu:yd ola, ' it is dusk ' ; fig. kayl gola
ar rubaQ, ' to get enlightenment on some question'; riu &ru:g 9n
du:ad i r gola, ( some evil coming to light '.
gola, adj., comp. gleya\, goleu, D. (i) ' light' : noswe'iQja gola,
' light evenings ' ; may hi n ola am hannar aur wedi xwe-'X, ' it is
light at half-past six ' ; r o:d 9 leyad m ola, ' the moon was shining '.
(2) ' clear ', of the air (opp. to dul). (3) ' light ', of colours : pry:d
gola, ' a light, fair complexion ' ; gwadtgola, ' fair hair '. (4) ' well
versed ' : dy:n gola 9n i veibil, ' a man well versed in the Bible '.
golat v., goleu. Pret. gotis. Imperative, gola; golux (cf.
gleyo), ' to light ' : gola matfan, Kettyn, kannuyl, ta:n, ' to light a
match, pipe, candle, fire ' ; may r gas yy gola ru:an, ' the gas will
light now ' ; du i dgest a gola if'o di:od, ' I am almost on fire for
want of a drink '.
gold mair, s., gold Mair, D., ' marigold ' (Chrysanthemum
segetum).
goldyn, s., goldyn, D.G. li. 38, ' a gold coin ' : m velyn vel goldyn
(W.H.); also applied to persons: 9 goldyn lartf, 9 goldyn fi:ab
(O.K.).
golx, s.m., golch, D., ' urine ' (formerly kept for cleaning
purposes) : rhoid gjalam vedu 9n 9 golx, l to put a rod in pickle '.
(Cf. irbrug.) °
golxbran, s.m., golchbren, R., ' beetle ' (washing instrument
formerly in use) = kolbran (J.J.).
go/xi,v., golchi, D. Imperative gol\a. (i) * to wash': golxf
dilad, golxi (— mo/xt) dylo\ — gol\i kstri suppar, ' to wash up the
supper things ' ; golxi 9 laur, ' to clean the floor ' ; golxi 9 bgaid
meun du:r oy:r, ' to bathe the eyes in cold water ' ; kruk gol\i,
'washing tub'; troxjon golxi, 'soap-suds'. (2) 'to thrash' =
rhoid kweir.
158 golxjon — gora
golxjon, s.pl., golchion, D., f proluvies ' ; c pig's food ; dish-water '.
golxrag, s.f., golchwraig, D., * washerwoman ; washer ' : may hi
n olxrag reit 8a:, f she is a very good washer '.
golxva, s., golchfa, D., s.v. ' lauatrina ' ; c a thrashing '.
going, s.m.f., golwg, D. (i) ' sight ' (in various senses) : nabod
ar 9 golug, uB 9 golug, ' to know by sight ' ; r o:y§ o wedi koti i
olug, ' he had lost his sight ' ; 8ary o dim kodi i olug, ' he did not
raise his eyes ' ; be u:ti n dal d olug arna i ?, ' why are you staring
at me ? ' ; meun golug, 9n 9 golug, * in sight ' ; alan o r golug, ' out of
sight ' ; wedi mynd o r golug, ' disappeared ' ; d o:ys na Sim golug
arno vo ru:an, ' it is nowhere to be seen ' ; koli golug ar, ' to lose
sight of ' ; r 0:8 'gmonu olug am lu:yB o &erig, ' they had some
inkling they would get a cargo of stone '. (2) * appearance ' : may
golug da: jaun 'arnynu, ' they look very well ' ; faf'un olug o.y8 arno
vo ?, ' how did he look ? ' ; may golug buru ami hi, l it looks like
rain ' ; an o:l po:b golug, ( to all appearances '.
gobgys, adj., golygus, D., ' fine ', ' of prepossessing appearance ',
* of good presence ' : dy:n, Kefyl gobgys ; golug gobgys jaun o:d
arno vo.
gonast, adj., comp. gonestax, onest, D. • gonest, B.C. 70. 28,
' honest ' : gonast a geirwir, l honest and truthful '.
gonestruyb, s.m., gonestrwydd, I.G. 540. 12 ; onestrwydd, D.,
s.v. * bonitas ' ; ' honesty '.
go:r, s.m., g6r, D., ' matter, pus ' : gwasgy 9 go:r alan o hono vo.
gora, adj., goreu, D., ' best ' : 9 Ki:g gora glu:is i eri'o:yd, ' the
best meat I ever tasted ' ; kovjon gora at, ' kindest remembrances
to ' ; 3 gora o r o:l, 9 gora o r y:n, ' the best of all ' ; gora po:b
dim, * the best thing of all ' ; gora pen ora, f so much the
better ' : u:ti y gneyt i n o le:u / — 9du — wel, gora pen ora ; —
gora n 9 by:d, ' all the better ' ; tro:yd gora 9 mleyna, ' best
foot foremost ' ; gora pey g9nta, ' the sooner the better ' ; gora
pen vuya, ' the more the better ' ; gora bo: r durnod, gora bo: r
gwaiQ, ' the better the day, the better the deed ' ; gneyd 9 gora o r
gwe'y&a, ' to make the best of it ' ; 9 gora welis i a bgad 9 mhen
dri'o:yd, ' the best I ever set my eyes on ' ; 9 berwyd gora o r y:n,
f the best life of all ' ; — followed by gin (cf. may n 8a: gin i] :
p ryn di r gora gin ti ?, ' which do you like best ? ' ; be di r gora
g9no vo ga:lf, ' what does he like to have best ? ' ; — as substantive :
r 9du i wedi gneyd 9 yora, ' I have done my best ' ; gneyd i ora gla:s,
4 to do one's level best ' (cf. T.N. 90. 27) ; — am 9 gora, ' in emulation,
Fr. ' a qui mieux mieux ' (Anglo- Welsh, ' for the best ') ; mr9son am
9 gora, ' to vie with one another ' ; 9n mynd am 9 gora i vo:d 9y
g9nta, ( (each one) trying to get first ' ; — ar 9 gora occurs in the
expression mi na: i ar 9 gora a xi /> ' I will be even with you
gorad — gori 159
yet ! ' ; — ar i ora, (a) ' in one's best form ' : may o m br?£e6ur da:
jaun pen vy:& o ar i ora, ' he is a very good preacher when he is in
his best form ' ; (b) ' straining to the utmost (and barely succeed-
ing) ' : may o ar i ora 9y ka:l 9 bay pen Ijnin at i feilib, ' he strains
to the utmost to make two ends meet ' ; — o r gora, (a) ' all right ' ;
(b) * well ! ' (Fr. eh bien !) ; (c) ' perfectly well ' : du i y gubod o r
gora bo \* n deyd Kelwyb, 1 1 know perfectly well that you are
telling a lie ' ; — rhoi gora, (a) ' to give in ' : %hoi gora iko vo, * to
give in to him ' ; (b) ' to cease ' : rhoi gora i gufjo, ' to cease
fighting ' ; — du i wedi rhoi gora i &ar£an o ; (c) ' to give up' : miro:B
gora i r verx, ' he gave up the girl ' ; may nu wedi rhoi gora i ty: nu
n lyndan, ' they have given up their house in London '. — Cf. D.F.
[151] i. Canys eu harferydyw ffrostio . . . nad rhaid iddynt roi'r
goreu i ni mewn dim.
gorad, s.f., pl.gorfada, koret, W.S. [A were]; cored, D., 'cataracta'
and s.v. ' excipulae ' ; 'a space on the sea-sands enclosed on three
sides by a wattled hedge, used for catching fish ; a weir '. Near
Bangor occur the names gorad 9 &it, 9 gorad vaur, 9 gorad dre:
kastal and 9 gorad go:\.
gorad, adj. [agorad].
gordro, ordro, v., * to order '.
gorb, s.f., pi. gyrti, gordd, D., ' sledge-hammer ; mallet ' : gorb
heyarn (in slate quarries), * a sledge-hammer from 1 5 to 1 8 pounds
in weight to drive in a ky:n kraig, to loosen the rock ' ; gorb bren
(in slate quarries), ' a small wooden mallet used with a ky:n manolt ' ;
gorb byba (E.J.), ' churn-staff' = gord gorBi (O.H.).
gordrusj s., gorddrws, R. [a threshold, a hatch], ' the upper part
of a double door ' (J.J.).
gor/an, v., gorphen, D. Fut. S. i. gorfenna, 3. gorfenniQ. Pret.
gorfennis, gorfis. Imperative gorfan^ gorfenna, ' to finish ' : da\i
wedi gorfan /, ' have you finished ? ' ; dani wedi gorfan korlti, * we
have finished churning '; da\i wedi gorfan (= darvod) hevo rhei n /,
' have you finished with these ? ' ; hogyn, dy:n heb i or/an, ' an
unlicked cub ', ' a freak '.
gorfenna, s.m., GorfTenna, Yny Ihyvyr hwnn [13] ; Gorphenhaf,
D, 'July'.
gorfennol, adj., gorphenawl, O.P., ' in a finished state' : doux for
ma, ma hun 9n vu:y gorfennol^ ' come this way, this (house) is in
a more finished state '.
gorfuys, s., gorphwys, D., ' rest '.
gorfuyso, gorfuys, v., gorphwyso, D. Imperative gorfuysa ;
gorfuysux, ' to rest '.
gori, v., gori, D., s.v. ' suppuro '. (i) ' to suppurate, gather '* :
i6o • gorixwiljaQ — gormod
may va my:s ay gori (= kasgly), ' my finger is gathering '. (2) ' to
sit ' (of a hen) : may r ja:r ay gori.
gorixwiljaQ, s.f., gorchwyliaeth, Num. iv. 16 : ' duty, occupation,
task ' : dilin i orixwiljaQ, ' to follow one's occupation '.
gorivany, gorifynu; gorufynu, B.C. 43. 8. — in phrase ar orivany,
1 upwards '.
goriwarad, s.m., gorwaered, D. ; goriwared, Micah i. 4, ' slope ' :
pen a goriwarad, ' the top of the slope ' ; ar oriwarad, ' down ' ;
may a le: i gi:d ar oriwarad, ' the whole place is sloping, on the
slope ' ; ar a goriwarad, ' on the downward grade '.
gorjad, s.m., pi. gorjada, agoriad, D. ; cf. goriadeu, B.C. 6. 4 ;
1 6. 5, ' key ' ; tul gorjad, ' key-hole ' ; bundal o orjada, ' a bunch of
keys ' ; gorjad mo:r, any shell of the genus Turritella.
gorxast, s.m., pi. gorxestjon, gorchest, D., ' excellentia '. (i)
' exploit, feat, achievement ' : / 0:8 hanny dim gorxast an a by:d, ' that
was no feat at all ' ; may n rhiu orxast ani hi, ' she does it out of
bravado ' ; gneyd rhiu orxast o rubaQ, ' to make a show of doing a
great deal '. (2) ' conceit, vanity ' : i orxast sy ni 8meda vo.
gorxestol, adj., gorchestol, D.F. [ix]. 27 ; [23]. 3; Gen. xxx. 8 ;
B.C. 1 8. 1 6, 'conceited, vain': dy:n gorxestol = dy:n ba:x vy kredy
mai a'vo: sy y gwelad a kubul, — wela vo ne:b an debig ibo vo i hy:n
(O.H.).
gorxesty, v., gorchestu, O.P., ' to boast, to vaunt ' : r o.yti o n
arvar gorxesty am i vo:d wedi vagy ny:n o saiB meun gwely peswyn,
' he used to boast that he had been brought up one of seven in
a chaff bed '.
gorxuyl, s.m., pi. gorixwiljon, gorchwyl, D., ' work, duty, task ' :
may x gorxuyl 9n dexra, ' your task is beginning '.
•gorlanu (so O.H. always) ; gorlan, s., gorllanw, D., ' high-tide ' :
may hi m ben 'gorlanu, ' it is high-tide ' ; top gorlan, ( high-water
mark ' ; top 'gorlanu mar8ur (neap), sbriy.
gorlewin, s.m., gorllewin, D., ' west ' : mu:y an a gorlewin na . . .,
' more to the west than . . . ' ; goglab orlewin, de: orlewin, ' north-
west, south-west '.
gorlewinol, adj., gorllewinawl, D., s.v. ' occidentalis ' ; 'western'.
gorjyd, adj., gorllyd, D., s.v. ' purulentus '. (i) ' exuding matter '.
(2) of fowls, ' inclined to sit ' : ja:r or]yd, ' a broody hen '. (3) of
eggs, ' for hatching ' : u:y gorfyd.
gormod, gormod, D., ' too much '. (i) adverb : dal gormod ar
a de:, ' to keep too much to the right ' ; r o:y§ am buru gormod i mi
8u:ad a vo: i vany, * it was raining too much for me to bring it up ' ;
r oyd o n trastjo n ormod ar i enu, ' he trusted too much to his
reputation '. (2) substantive : gormod o duru, ' too much noise ' ;
gormodab — gosod 1 6 1
gormod o budi'n da&iQ &i: (prov.), ' too much pudding will choke a
dog ', i.e. ' one can have too much of a good thing ' ; may hunna
wedi ka:yl gormod m i vol, ' that fellow has had a drop too much '.
gormodab, s.m., gormodedd, D., s.v. ' excelsus ' (sic) ; ' excess,
superfluity ' : may o wedirhoi moyQa &i hi i ormodab, ' he has spoilt
her to excess ' ; wad i ormodab.
gorur, s.m., agorwr, i.e. * opener': gorur westras, gorur kre&in,
'oyster-catcher' (Haematopus ostralegus).
gorvad, v., gorwedd, D. Fut. gorveda. Pret. gorve&is ; veto's
(O.H). Imperative gorva(ti), gorveda, ' to lie ' : gorva i laur (to
a dog), ' lie down ' ; »y gorvad vel klut, ' lying like a log ' ; 6ary
r hu:x orvad ar 3 mo:x, ' the sow overlaid the young pigs ' ; r 0:6 9
leyad sy gorvad ar i hoxor, * the moon was lying on its side ' ; may
hi wedi gorvad am bedwar mi:s, ' she has been laid up for four
months ' ; — also used of corn, etc., which has been laid by the
rain ; — m i orvad, ' lying down ' ; ' sloping, slanting ' : may ghe'i n
m srtax, dim m i gorvad Kimmint, ' these are standing straighter,
not sloping so much '.
gorvod, v., gorfod, D., ' to be obliged, to have (to) ' : daxi wedi
gorvod gweitjad tippin ba:x ru:an ?, ' have you had to wait a bit
just now ? ' ; wedi gorvod tmny 9 klo: ifur i ga:yl 9 gorjad, ' having
had to take the lock off to get the key '.
gorvodaQ, s.m., gorfodaeth, D., ' obligation ' : / oys na dim
gorvodati, * there is no obligation (to do so) ', ' it is not obligatory '.
gorvolad, s.m., gorfoledd, D., ' religious ecstasy '.
gorvolety, v., gorfoleddu, D., ' to lose control of oneself and give
full vent to religious emotion '.
goryxavjaQ, s.m., goruchafiaeth, D., ( supremacy ' : daxi n teimlo
n happys ar o:l ka:yl gory\avjaQ ar rubaQ, ' you feel happy after
getting the best of something' (e.g. arriving at the solution of
some question).
gosod, v., gosod, D. (i) ' to set, place ' (not commonly used except
in certain locutions = rhoi) : gosod karag ar i fen, ' to set a stone
on its end ' ; gosod abuyd, l to set a bait ' ; gosod burb, ' to lay
a table ' ; gosod i hy:ny (a) ' to make oneself smart ' : may o wedi gosod
i hy:n sn nets ; (b) ' to put on airs ' ; (c) { to put oneself in a
position (to) '. (2) ' to let ' : gosod ty:, ' to let a house '. (3) verbal
noun used as attributive genitive : dannad gosod, ' false teeth ' ;
gwisgo gwa:lt gosod, ' to wear false hair '. Cf. D., s.v. ' galericulum ',
and ' bara gosod', i Sam. xxi. 6, etc. (='bara dangos') * shew-
bread '.
gosod, s.m., gosod, D. (i) 'an amount placed', in the exp.
gosod o wair i r gwartiag, ' a feed of hay for the cattle '. (2) ' a
letting, contract ' : ar osod, ' to be let ' ; — in slate quarries, ' a con-
1 6 2 gosodjad — govyn
tract between the contractor and the men as to the pay to be given
for a day's work '.
gosodjad, s.m., gosodiad, L.G.C. 421, 22; lolo MSS. 229. 28;
D., s.v. ' constructio ' ; ' demeanour, bearing ' : dy:n kbvar o ran
i osodjad, ' a man of fine bearing ' ; dy:n o osodjad balx, ' a nian
of proud bearing '.
gostag, s., gosteg, D., * silence ' : gostag!, ' silence ! '
gostegy, v., gostegu, D. (i) ' to silence, appease ' : 9n vy.an am
ostegy r0u, ' quick at appeasing a squabble '. — Also intr. mi stegob
9 r0u. (2) ' to fall ' (of the wind) : os gostegiB d gwynt, — trans.
gostegy r gwynt m 9 stymmog.
gostsyedig, adj., gostyngedig, D., s.v. ' humilis ' ; ' humble '.
gostrfl'ibruyb, s.m., gostyngeiddrwydd, D., s.v. ' humilitas ' ;
' humility '.
genmt s.m., pi. gerund, gown, W.S.; C.C.M. 160. 29; gwn, D.,
' gown, dress '.
govaly, v., gofalu, D., ' to take care, to look after ' : r 9du i y
•govaly am hmny, ' I see about that ' ; may r blodyn 9n tmy a ne:b ?y
govaly am dano, ' the flower grows though no one looks after it '.
govalys, adj., gofalus, D., ' careful ' : govalys am, ' careful about '.
govar, s.m., pi. goveryb, gofer, D., ' outlet of a spring, stream ' :
may fmnon a i govar i r de: 3n jaxysol, me8a r he:n bobol (J.J.)?
' a spring with its outlet running towards the south is wholesome,
old people used to say '.
govi, s.m., ? Eng. cove, ' wag '. Only in the expression he:n
govi (W.H.). — I am informed that this was a nickname given to
an old Bangor character, and is not in general use.
govid, s.m., gofid, D. (i) 'grief. (2) 'pain, irritation' : idori
riu ovid ne bo:yn, ' to allay some irritation or pain ' ; o:s na lawar
0 ovid m 9 briu ? (O.H.), ' does the wound give much pain ? ' Cf.
D., gofidio, s.v. ' vlcero '.
govzdjo, v., gofidiaw, D., ' to grieve ' : 9 galon 9y govidjo.
govtdys, adj., gofidus, D., 'full of grief : dy:n govidys i veftul.
govol, s.m., pi. govalon, gofal, D., ' care ' : gid a govol, ' with
care ' ; govol 9 ru:m oyb ami hi, ' she had to look after the room ' ;
ksmmyd govol, 'to take care'; kzmmux ovol (= tendjux, gwt'ljux)
*g°ll °> ' take care not to lose it ' ; rhaid i mi g9mmyd govol rhag
1 x* glu:ad V9 hanas i gi:d, ' I must take care you don't hear my
whole life's history'; may n far o gammy d govol o hono vo, 'he
is sure to take care of it '.
govyn, v., gofyn, D. Fut. S. i. gov9nna, vmna. Pret. S. i.
gov9nnis, vsnnis. PI. 3. govanson. Imperative govyn, govmna ;
govyn — gravyn 163
govmnu\, ' to ask ' : govmnux ytynu tu:ad, ' ask them to come ' ;
net/ i ovyn ytynu be 'beydsonu, ' I asked them what they said ' ;
may hi y govyn -vasa\i n leikjo ka:yl \wiadan by sy:l, 'she
is asking whether you would like a duck on Sunday ' ; may hi
y govyn p gyn ta vory ta drennyb da\i am vyndfurb, ' she is asking
whether it is to-morrow or the day after that you are going ' ;
(gan mod i) mor hy: a govyn, ' if I may be so bold as to ask ' ;
govyn benOig su.^i, * to borrow a shilling ' ; — of animals maris
appetentes : ma: r hu:\ zy govyn ba:yb. Cf. D., s.v. ' equio '.
govyn, s.m., pi. govmjon, gofyn, D. (i) 'requirement*. (2)
' debt ' : o:s 'g?noxi lawar o ovmjon />, ' have you many demands
upon you ? '
gradal, s.f., gradell, W.S. [A gyrdyron], 'griddle': kly:st 9
radal, * the handle of the griddle ' ; bar a radal (i.e. bara ar radell),
' bread baked on a griddle '. Cf. tnbab.
grabol, adj., graddol, W.S. [graduate], 'gradual': mxy n rabol,
* to be sinking gradually '.
gra/tjo, v., ' to graft '. [As distinguished from (n)impjo, grafljo
means to graft two branches together at their ends, (n)impjo, to
insert small shoots by raising the bark on the sides of the end of
the stock.]
granar, s., ' granary '.
gra:s, s.m., gras, D. (i) 'grace' : vo6o ra:s i iif, excl. 'upon
my word ! ' ; dyu po:b gra:s /, excl. (2) ' grace (before and after
meals) ', gra:s Kin, ar o:l bu:yd. (3) n. pr. ' Grace '.
gra:t, s.m., pi. gratja, grat, W.LI. (Voc.), s.v. ' alch ' ; ' grate ' :
fon 9 gra:t, ' bar of the grate '.
gratjad, s.m., ' as much as fills a grate': gratjad maur o da:n,
' a blazing fire '. Cf. tanluyB.
gratjo, v., ' to grate ' : pe:6 i ratjo finfir, ' a thing to grate
ginger '.
gratyr, s.m., gratur, W.S., ' grater ' : gwynab * gratyr, ' very
rough face'.
graun, s.m., grawn, D. (i) 'grain' (in collective sense). Cf.
gronyn. (2) ' spawn of fish ' : do! graun, ' hard roe '.
graval, s.f., grafel, W.S. ; grafael, C.C.M. 121. 14, 'gravel';
also the disease so called.
graveiljo, grweiljo, v., grafaelio, W.S. [To grauell], ' to wear the
sole of the foot to the raw as sheep-dogs sometimes do in wet
weather ' ; 'to make a sore by chafing'.
graveil jog, grweiljog, adj., ' gravelly '.
gravyn, v., gwarafun, vulgo gorafun, D., ' to grudge ' : / a: item,
riu ravyn o.yd o roid o ben6ig o r bla:yn, ' I won't go : he lent it
M 2
1 64 grawys — gro:
rather grudgingly last time ' ; 9di hi y gravyn bakko.t *zV, 'does
she grudge you tobacco ? '
grawys, s.m., Grawys, D., ' Lent '.
gra:yn, s.m., graen, D.G. Ixxxvii. 10 ; W.S. [Grayne]. (i)
' grain ' in wood, stone, etc. : m erbyn 9gra:yn, ' against the grain ' ;
for may i gra:yn hi?, 'which way does the grain run?' ; / u:ti 8i'm
ar i gra:yn hi, ' you are not working with the grain '. (2) ' finish ' :
wedi rhoid gra:yn arno vo, * having put a finish to it ' ; / o:s dim
gra:yn ar d\ gwaiO, ( there is no finish to your work '.
greif'an, v., cf. Eng. (Dial.) grince [to grind the teeth], Nhb.,
' to grind ' of the teeth (W.H.) = grindgan, krin/'an.
gresyn, s.m., gresyn, D., \ngresyngaru, ' a great pity '. (Seldom
used = pitti)
grfyan, s.f., graian, D., ' gravel ' : may r gla:u wedi kodi 9 lo:n
nes may hi n reyan, ' the rain has churned up the road into gravel '.
greynys, adj. (i) of persons, animals, etc., ' in good condition ' :
may golug greynys arno vo. (2) of work, etc., ' with a finish ', e. g.
one can see a man is a good workman because his work is greynys
\gra:yn\.
gridus, gridust, v., grydwst, D. = grydian, ' grunnire ' ; cf. also
D., s.v. 'grunnitus', 'musso'. (i) 'to jump about in pain'
(I.W.). (2) 'to make a slight sound ', e.g. of a child in the cradle
when waking (Bangor) — said also of a whispered report : pobol 9y
gridust hevo i gilift bod na rubaQ 9m bo:d — •/ ydanu dim dn fu:r ond
bodna ridust (O.K.).
grtivan, v., griddfan, D., ' to groan ' : gribvan o dan i vqyx,
meun po:yn, ar o:l perQmas sy wedi maru ; gribvan uB varu —
(O.H.) ; also ' to grumble ' : gribvan am la:u.
grift, s., grifft, D., s.v. 'gyrinus'; G.O. ii. 136. 9, * frog-spawn '.
grindil (O.H.); grindil (I.W.), s.m., cf. alch gridyll, W.S. [A
gyrdyron], 'gridiron'.
grindjo, v., ? greidiaw, O.P. (i) 'to roast' (O.H.) : grindjo Ki:g
(obsolete). (2) in the phrase r o:n i y grindjo na vasun in i gad o,
c I was mad that I could not get it ' (Bangor).
grindgan, v., * to grind ', of the teeth = greif'an, krinf'an.
grifa, s.pl., sing, grifin, grisiau, D., s.v. 'gradatio'; 'stairs':
ar ben 9 griffa, ' at the top of the stairs ' ; yy yweylod 9 grif'a, ' at
the bottom of the stairs ' ; i vmy, i laur 9 grif'a, ' upstairs, down-
stairs ' ; may o i vmy 9 grif'a (= zn 9 loft), ' he is upstairs '.
grif'al, s., grisial, D., 'crystal': glb'yu vel grif'al, 'as clear as
crystal '.
gro:, s., gro, D., 'gravel': gro: zy yweylod 9 nant, 'gravel at
the bottom of the stream ' ; gro: ma:n, ' shingle ', e. g. on a beach.
gronyn — gubod 165
gronyn, s.m., pi. gromnna, gronyn, D. (i) 'a single grain':
gronyn o weniB, ' a grain of wheat '. (2) ' scrap ' : byttob 9 fcgod o
bo:b gronyn, ' the mice ate every scrap of it ; dim gronyn o swnuyr,
' not a grain of sense ' ; hitjo dim gronyn MO vo% * not to care a jot
for it '. — Cf. graun.
gro:t, s.m., pi. grotja, grod, W.LI. xvi. 79 ; gr6t, C.C. 465. 28,
' a groat, fourpence ' : su:[t a gro:t, * one and fourpence ' ; moxyn
gro:t /, term of reproach, e. g. to a dog ; net di by6 ro:t m xw*-'X,
' you will never set the Thames on fire '.
grottan, s.f., grottan, G.O. ii. 22. 19, dim. of above: o:s &in ti
bre:s ? na:g o:ys, s &in i r y:n rottan (O.H.).
gr0ud, s., ' crowd' : xwaty r gremd ; ma na r0ud garu van ma
(O.H.).
greudi, s., ' crowd ' : gremdi o blant ; be da\i n neyd nf grerudi
hevox&lib? (O.H.)
grftudi, s., in kany gremdi \kr0udi\
gr0udjo, v., 'to crowd together ' : plant wedi greudjo at i gilib ;
wedi greudjo i \wara (O.H.).
grmis, s., ' grounds ', e. g. of beer (O.K.).
grugnax, grugnaxy, v., grwgnach, D., ' to grumble ' : paid a
grugna\.
grugnaxlyd, adj., grwgnachlyd, O.P., ' given to grumbling '.
gry:al, griual, s.m., ' gruel '.
gry-'d> gryt, s-m., grut, D.G. ccv. 25 ; D., 'grit, fine sand '.
gry:8, s.f., pi. gritya, grudd, D., ' cheek ' : / o:s na dim gwe:n ar
i ry:8, ' he never smiles ' ; dagra ar i rid/a, ' tears rolling down his
cheeks '.
gry:g, s.m., grug, D., ' heather ' : 9sgyb gry:g, ' heather broom '.
grygog, adj., grugawg, O.P., ' overgrown with heather ' : mmyb
grygog '•> f™& rygog.
grym, s.f., grym, D., ' force ' : o:ys grym 9n hun vory ?, 'does this
hold good (is it in force) to-morrow ? ' ; rhi:6 o grevyb heb i grym,
' an appearance of religion without its reality '. As expletive :
grym vaur ! r u:li ny:n hyl! ; grym annul ! dakku i ti hogan glu:s !
gryt [gry:d].
gnmmys, adj., grymmus, D., ' powerful ' : pn&eQur grzmmys ;
pregaQ rzmmys.
gubod ; gitbad(Q.l{.\ v., gwybod, D. Pres. S. i.gun, 2.gwybost,
gwyst.gust, 3. gu:yr. PI. i. gwybon, 2. gwy&ox, 3- gwybon. Im-
perfect. S. i.gzuydun, i.gwybat, %.gwyba. PI. i. gwydan, 2.gwyfoiXj
3. givyftan, ' to know ' : 'zvySoxij3 Ans. gun, na: un i\ ' do you
know ? ' Ans. ' Yes, no '. (d)un i dim, (/ t)du i dim zy gubod, ' I
1 66 gudan — gulun
don't know ' ; am un i, ' as far as I know ' ; am un i bo:d o,
' perhaps he is ' ; gun i am ru:in, ' I know of somebody ' ; un i m
3 myu be na: 2, ' I haven't a notion what to do ' ; / oydun i dim 9y
gubod (= wydun i dim) bo x* wedi du:ad, ' I did not know you had
come ' ; / o:yd hi dim zy gubod be deyda hi, ' she did not know what
to say ' ; mi wydun nad -eyBaxi dim, ' I knew you wouldn't go ' ;
u:yr ne:b ar 3 d'eyar le: x ka:l xi, ' no one knows where to find you ' ;
heb ubod ido vo, * without him knowing ' ; heb ubod i x^' X hy:n,
' unconsciously ' ; gubod dim oruBo i hy:n, ' to be in a state of
absolute unconsciousness'. — Pres. S. i. with the pronunciation
myun is often used to express ' I am sure ', ' I should think ',
' I dare say ', ' I suppose ', ' about ' : o:d hi n u:y6, myun, f it was
eight o'clock, I dare say ' ; Kin yxad a hun, myun, ' as high as this,
I dare say ' ; 9di, myun, ' it is, I am sure ' ; — os gun i, ' I wonder ' :
9di o wedi du:ad, s gun if ; s gun i be& o:d no vo if'o.
gudan, s., gwden, D., ' withe, generally of oak or hazel, placed
round a chisel to hold it while working on a hard substance ' (O.H.).
gudu, s.m., pi. gzdva, gwddf vulgo gwddw, D., ' neck ' : horn
3 gudu, ' wind-pipe ' or loosely ' throat ' : r o:d 9r eira n du:ad at
gorn 9 gudu, ' the snow was up to one's neck ' ; hevo r tavod zy
yhorn 9 gudu, ' mum, silent, shy ' ; dolyr gudu, ( sore throat ' ; may
gmo vo udu vel klagud, ' he has a neck like a gander ' ; u& i gzdva
i gilid, 'at one another's throats'; gudu pottal, ' the , neck of a
bottle ' ; — so, also, of a narrow piece of land.
gu:g, s.m., gwg, D., ' a surly look ' ; dayos gu:g aty:n, ' to look
surlily at some one ' ; dy:n heb dsnny gu:g ne:b, ' a man who has
incurred no one's displeasure ' ; welis i m o i u:g srro:yd, ' I never
excited his displeasure ' ; dmas a gu:g ami hi, ' a surly-looking
woman ' ; mynd heb na hu:g na gu:g (O.H.), ( to go away empty-
handed ' (M.F. has ' heb na hwg na dwg ').
gugan, s,, ' whirligig ' (I.W.). Cf. D. chwirli gwgon \xurlibugan\.
gugys, adj., gygus, D., ' surly' : golug gugys.
gulun, golun, gzlun, gelun, gilun, v., gollwng, gellwng, gillwng,
D., gyllwng, D.F. [7]. 9. Fut. S. 3. byi6. Pret. S. 3. byob.
Imperative gulun, bya. (i) 'to let loose ' : gulun i aval, ( to loose
one's hold ' ; g^lun 9 vyux, ' to let out the cow ' ; galun 9 ga:0 alan
o r ku:d, ' to let the cat out of the bag ' ; gulun kzfila, ' to unharness
horses ' ; golun i hy:n, ' to forget oneself, lose one's self-respect ' ;
9y gulun i davod heb if'o vo, ' letting his tongue wag unnecessarily ' ;
' letting out a secret ' ; gulun ayo (i. e. gollwng yn angof), gulun
dros go:, ' to forget '. (2) ' to let fall ' : gulun tida, glwe'irjon, * to
dribble ' ; byod o o i la:u, ' he dropped it ' ; neu\i vruf'o x ko:f Kin
mynd alan ; ma: rubaQ wedi elun arno vo, ' will you brush your coat
before you go out ; there is something spilt on it '. — Intransitive :
(3) ' to run, leak ' : may r tebot sy gulun ; may r teftal wedi mynd
gumman — gur6glau(S) 167
/ elun. (4) ' to give way ', e.g. a roof, stones, a cliff which is being
eaten away by the sea, etc.
gumman, s.m., gwmmon, gwimmon, D., ' sea-weed ' : gumman
me/ys, gumman bytta, f edible sea-weed ' ; gumman kodog ma:n,
1 bladderwrack ' (Fusus vesiculosus) ; gumman kodog bra:s (Asco-
phyllum nodosum) ; gumman fedar (?).
gun, s.m., pl.gmna, gwnn, D., s.v. 'scloppus'; D.G. xliv. 36,
'gun'.
gundun, s.m., gwndwn, Yny Ihyvyr hwnn [7] ; gwynndwnn,
rectiiis gwynndonn, D. ; ' lay land, land which has never been
ploughed ' : redig gundun, ' to plough a piece of land which has
never been ploughed before ' ; gwair gundun (as distinguished from
gwair rho:s), ' lay hay, hay from meadow-land '.
gunnin, s., gwynning, D., ' the outside or sappy part of timber ' as
opposed to the heart (rhibiri). — O.H.
gunnuy, s.m., gwynnwy, D., s.v. 'leucoma', ' volua'; 'the white
of an egg '.
gunny, v., gwynnu, D. ; gwnnu, W.LI. xlvi. 13, 'to turn white',
e.g. of ripening corn ; said also of the hair. Cf. glasy.
gu:r, s.m., pi. gwy:r, gwr, D. (i) 'man* (vir): gu:r bnetig,
' gentleman ' ; he:n u:r, ' old man ' (more respectful than he:n 8y:n) ;
j gu:r dru:g, ' the devil ' : may r gu:r dru:g i lond o, * the devil is in
him ' ; — as plant name hem u:r, ' southernwood ' (Artemisia Abro-
tanum) ; bottum gu:r ivayk, ' bachelor's button ', i.e. ' large double
red (or white) garden daisy' (Bellio perennis hortensis). (2)
' husband '. (3) ' a married man ' : layk ta gu:r 3di o ?, ' is he a
bachelor or a married man ? ' ; gu:r ivayk, ' bridegroom '. (4)
' innkeeper ' : r o:n i n reit gbttys hevo r gu:r.
gurdznny, v., ' to thrash ' : mi gurdmnis o n jaun ; gurdmny Ki:%
etc. (O.H.).
gurol, adj., gwrol, D. (i) 'brave, manful': edrax ?n urol =
edra\ an dalgry. (2) ' vigorous ' : tzvy n urol.
guroldab, s.m., gwroldeb, D., s.v. ' virosus '. (i) 'bravery, manli-
ness'. (2) 'vigour' : ma na uroldab m 9 tu:, 'there is vigour in
the growth ' (O.H.).
gurtaQ, s.m., gwrtaith, D., ' manure '. Not in ordinary use (cf.
tail], but common in the proverb gurtaQ da: 3di gwenwyn \gwenwyn\.
gurQ, s.m., gwth, D., ' a push ' : mi ro:6 o ur6 i mi.
gur&ban, s.m., gwrthban, D., ' a kind of sheet formerly used for
threshing upon ' (O.H.). In the sense of ' blanket ', stUl remem-
bered, but long since obsolete = plankad.
gur6glau(b\ s.m., gwrthglawdd, D., s.v. ' agger ' ; 'an opposing
wall ', e.g. directly opposite a gap, or the outside wall of the curve
1 6 8 gur&jo — guy I
in a sharp turn of a road ' : trol m mynd truy aduy afaft 9 drol m
mynd 9n erbyn 9 gurBglaub am vo:d 9 for§ dn rhy: gy:l (O.H.) ; — mi
drawis 3 nrhu:yn an 9 gurBglau, e. g. in darkness or mist (O.H.).
gur&jo, guBjo, hur&jo, huBjo, hufjo, v., gwthio, D., ' to push ' :
guBjo trol.
gurBjol, adj., gwyrthiawl, O.P., ' miraculous '.
-gurB-nebjad, -guB'nebjad, s.m., gwrthwynebiad,O.P.; gwrth'nebiad,
T.N. 230. 7, 'opposition, objection': t o:s gin i dim -gufrnebjad,
' I have no objection '.
gurBod, v., gwrthod, D., ' to refuse ' : mi gurBodob hi, ' he refused
it'; mi gurBodob vt, 'he refused me'; gurBod y:nfor§ a hmmyd
ford aral, l not to take one road and take another '.
-gurB-wynab, -guB-wynab, s.m., gwrthwyneb, D., ' contrary ' : ir
'guQ'wynab, ' on the contrary '.
•gur&wyneby, -guBwyneby, v., gwrthwynebu, D., ' to oppose ' :
-guBwyneby o, ' to oppose him '.
gurQyn, adj., gvvrthun, D., ' offensive ' ; may nu n urByn i weld,
' they are offensive to the eye ' ; r u:ti ar vai deyd 9r he:n air
gurByn na uBo vo, ' you are to blame for using that offensive word
to him ' ; jai& urByn, ( offensive language ' ; — he:n walx gurByn ;
he:n dga:d urByn.
guru, adj., pi. garvod, gwrod, gwrryw, D., ' male ' : kaBodg9rvod,
'torn cats' (I.W.); u:yn gwrod, ' male lambs' (O.H.); he:n be:B
uru 9di hi) ' she is a virago '.
guryd, s.m., gwrhyd, D. ; gwryd, I.D. xliv. 29, 'fathom '.
gustun, gistun, v., gostwng, D. Fut. (gu)steya. Pret. (gu)strfis.
Imperative gustun, steya. (i) ' to go down, abate ' : neiB o ustun,
' it will go down ' (of a swelling) ; may r givynt wedi gsstun, ' the
wind has gone down ' ; rhei ay kodi a rhei ay gustun, * some going
up in the world and some going down'. (2) trans.: i godi a i
ustun o, ' to move it up and down ' ; mi strftB 9 gwynt, ' it (the
rain) will make the wind drop ' ; mi vasa kavod m nobl i zstun
9 lu:x, ' a shower would be a splendid thing to lay the dust ' ; — in
knitting stockings, ' to decrease '.
gustyl, s., gwystl, D., < surety ' : rhoid peB 9n ustyl (O.K.).
guBjo [gurBjo].
gu:yb, s.f., pi. gwyba, gwydd, D., ' goose ' : -r ijybanu y gweibi r
y: va:B a gwyda, ' they were cackling like geese ' ; hyujm gwyba,
1 goslings ' ; mi a:B 9 grhoyn i vel kro:yn guyd, 1 1 went all goose-
flesh '. — Cf. klagub.
gu:y§, s., gwydd, D., ' presence ' : m t u:y§ o, f in his presence ' ;
9y yu.yd, ' openly ' (opp. to 9n birgal).
gu:yl, s.f., pi. gwilja, gwyl, D., ' feast-day, holiday ' : guyl eiljan
gwadan — gwagla 1 69
[e'iljari] ; guyl vair, ' Lady Day ' ; guyl ivan, ' Midsummer's Day ' ;
gu:yl 9 gro:g, ' Holy Cross Day ' \sgr9mpja\ ; guyl (yi)htyal,
' Michaelmas ' ; durnod guyl, 'a holiday'; gwilja mdolig, '(Jhrist-
mas holidays '.
gwadan, s.m. (O.K.); s.f. (W.H. ; I.W.), pi. gwadna, gwadn,
D., ' sole ' : gwadan 9 troyd, 9r es&id, ' sole of the foot, the boot ' :
dary mi gyro vo nes 0:6 o dros i day wadan i vzny, 1 1 knocked him
sprawling ' ; finjo r (g)wadan vel bo: r troyd, ' to cut one's coat
according to one's cloth ' ; gwadan su:x, ' the lower removable part
of a ploughshare, the sole of a plough ' (cf. D. gwadn yr aradr,
s.v. ' dentale ') ; gwadan trol> ' the foundation of a cart '.
gwadny, v., gwadnu, D.N * to sole ' : sodli a gwadny s&idja, ' to
sole and heel boots ' ; — gwadna hi, ' get away ' ; may o wedi
gwadny hi, ' he has taken to his heels '.
gwady, v., gwadu, D., 'to deny ': gwady arjan 9n je: taly, 'to
deny a debt instead of paying ' ; gwady nad o:& o wedi gn'c'yd, ' to
deny that he had done it '.
gwa:d, v., gwahodd, D. ; gwadd, B.C. 38. 31 ; 39. 3. Fut. gwaho&a.
Pret. gwaho&is. Imperative gwa:S, ' to invite ' : gwa:b ru:in i
suppar, ' to invite some one to supper '.
gwa:§, s.m., gwahodd, D., ' invitation ' : gwa:b i &injo, ' an
invitation to dinner ' ; gwa:b maur, ' a pressing invitation '.
gwa:&, s.f., g\vadd, D., 'mole* : only in/r/Vd 9 wa:b, ' mole-hill,
mole-hills '. Sometimes corrupted miopn':8 y wad, pribwal. (Other-
wise ' mole ' = tur\ deyar.)
gwaftod, s.m., gwaddod, D., ' sediment '.
gwatiodi, v., gwaddodi, O.P., ' to deposit a sediment ' ; ' to settle ' :
ma: r kuru y gwabodi.
gwa:g, adj., pi. gweigjon, gwag, D. ( i) ' empty ' : kstri gweigjon,^
1 empty vessels ' ; y:n wa:g s ayi if'o?, ' is it an empty one you want? '
(2) in such expressions as kam gwa:g, ' a false step ' in the sense of
expecting to find a footing and not doing so ; so also of the hands,
kafgwa:g. (3) ' hollow '.
gwagab, s., gwagedd, D., ' vanity ' : kany gwagab.
gwagan, wagan, s.f., pi. gwageni, wageni, gwageni (pi), T.N.
1 8. 2, ' waggon ' : gwageni gweigjon, ' empty waggons '. In slate
quarries gwagan is a truck with sides, as opposed to kar or sle:dt
a truck without sides.
gwagenad, s., pi. gwagwe'idja, ' waggon-load '.
gwagjo, v., gwagio, ' to empty '.
gwagla, s.m., gwag-le, 2 Mace. xiv. 44; gwagle, B.C. 86. 13, ' a
gap in the ground, a hollow ' : pontjo dros wagla, ' to bridge a gap ' ;
ma na wagla n i \anol hi, l it is hollow inside '.
170 gwa'ham — gwaiB
gwa'ham, s., gwahan, D., in the exp. ar w<rha:n, ' apart ' : ar
wa'ha:n i hun, ' apart from this ' ; ma na gasgljad 'ganonu ar
wa'ha:n, ' they make a collection apart '.
gwahanjaB, gwanjaB, s.m., pi. gwanjeyBa, gwahaniaeth, D.,
' difference ' : may lawar o wahanjaB rhuy d wla:d a r dre:, ' there
is a great deal of difference between the country and the town ' ;
klyux 3 gwahanjaB hogla, ' smell the difference '.
gwahanol, adj., gwahanawl, G.R. 42. 17 [separate]; cleifion
gwahanol, St. Matt. xi. 5 [lepers], ' different ' : meun gwahanol
levy§, 'in different places'; gwahanol liuja, 'different colours';
m wahanol, ( otherwise '.
gwahany, v., gwahanu, D., ' to separate '.
gwair, s.m., pi. gweirja, gwair, D., ' hay ' : Ia:8, tori gwair, ' to
cut hay ' ; xwaty gwair, ' to toss hay ' ; t'eyny gwair ; ' to spread
hay ' ; rherjkjo gwair, ' to put hay in windrows ' ; gneyd 3 gwair sn
viddla, ' to gather the hay into cocks ' ; tri:n, kweirjo gwair, ' to
make hay ' ; karjo gwair, ' to carry hay ' ; kneya gwair, ' hay-
harvest ' ; ta:s wair, ' haystack ' ; gwair sy:r, ' sour hay ' ; gwair
luyd, { mouldy hay ' — the result of being stacked when damp ;
gwair wedi ko\i, ' "burnt" hay ', i. e. hay which has been stacked
while green and has deteriorated through fermentation ; may r
gwair wedi kledy, ' the hay has settled down in the stack ' ; maly
gwair, ( to chop hay ' ; kadu ka:y m wair, ' to keep a field for hay ' ;
gwair egras, gwair ivayk, gwair bluyS, ' hay of the first year used
for grass the first time ' ; gwair gundun, ' lay hay ' =gwair medal,
9stuy6,fruy6lon, m tzvy meun doly§ isal (J.J.) ; gwair rho:s, ' rough
hay, growing in damp places, generally at a high elevation' =
gwair kalad m twy ar le: gly:b (J.J.) ; gwair mwtiob, rougher than
the latter and mixed with kr0uk ; — le: -by:osti n hel gwair i dsgu:n ?,
' where have you been off to ? ', said to some one who has been
away, no one knows where, without saying a word to any one.
gwaiB, s.m., gwaith, D. (i) pi. gwei&ja, ' work ' : gwaiQ
eda a noduyft, ' needlework '; he:n waiQ bli:n (= ka:s) adi o, 'it
is nasty work ' ; gwaiB aur, ' an hour's work ', what takes an
hour to do, e. g. ' an hour's walk ' ; may paub an i laun gwaiB,
1 every one is hard at work ' ; / o:ys na dim osgo gwaiB zno
vo, ' he does not look like working ' ; rhoi durnod te:g o waiB,
' to do a good day's work ' ; troi o o i waiB, ' to discharge him ' ;
'vedrani dim gneyd day waiB ar ynwaB, 'we cannot do two things
at once ' ; dy:d gwaiB, ' week-day ' ; noson waiB, ' week-night ' ;
rhoid rubaB ar waiB, ' to make use of something ', e. g. may dyu m
rhoid ksvran i bo:b y:n, ond t adi paub dim yn i roid o ar waiB. —
Expressing reiterated or habitual action : an 9 ywaiB zr 3du i n deyd
uBi hi i bot i m berwi r wy:a n rhy: galad, ' I am continually telling
her she boils the eggs too hard ' ; pu:y godod 9 sgo:l ma ? rvo:, nt
gwaiB — gwalx 1 7 1
ydi n i wai'Q kodi sgo:ls />, ' who made this disturbance ? He did :
isn't he always making disturbances ? ' ; (a:& adar may honna in i
gwaiB, ' it is its nature to kill birds ' (speaking of a hawk). (2) pi.
gweyBjb, ' works, mine, etc/ : gwaiB glo:t ' coal mine ' ; gwaiB ayr,
1 gold mine ' ; gwaiB du:r, ' waterworks ' ; gwaiB sebon, ' soap
works ' ; gwaiB sets, ' quarry for obtaining sets '.
gwaiB, s.f., pi. gw&Bja, gwaith, D., ' time ' (Fr. ' fois ') : (awar
gwaiB, ' many a time, often ' ; ynwaB ne buy, ' once or twice ' ;
9 dwdyb waiB, ' the third time ' ; saul gwaiB />, ' how many times ? '
(also in indirect questions) ; amba^ i waiB, ' occasionally ' ; mi do:B
o )ry:n waiB a \i:, ' he came the same time as you did ' ; mi la&uyd
0 ar y:n waiB (= m 9 van), * he was killed on the spot'. —
Adverbially in the form weiBja, weithiau, D., s.v. « interdum ' ;
' sometimes ' : wtiBja vel hyn, weiBja vel aral — we'iBja bo:b syt,
1 sometimes one way, sometimes another '. Cf. fro:.
gwaxal, gwa\lyd, gwaxyl, adj., gwachul, D., * feeble, poorly ' :
may o n by:n gwa\al.
gwal} wal, s.f., pi. gwalja, walja, gwal, D. (i) 'wall': gwal
gtrig, * stone wall '. Cf. klaub, parad. (2) in slate quarries: 'a
shed in which slates are worked '. The gwalja stand in rows ;
the entrance to each is separated from the entrance to the next
one by a projecting partition, usually formed by a single large
piece of slate standing on end. Each side of this partition forms
a corner which is called bagal.
gwa:l; gwa:yl (O.H.); gwa:y (J.J.), s.f., gwal, D., * lair of
a beast ', esp. ' the form of a hare '.
gwalan [gjalam].
gwaldras, s., gwaldras, M.F., 'a blow with a stick across the
shoulders ' (gwar).
gwaljo, v., (g)walio, T.N. 477. 9, ' to wall'; 'to build a wall* :
gwaljo vel bigalj f to build a wall in a bungling way ', e.g. karag ar
garag instead of karag ar 9 dgeintja. Also ' to form (e.g. stones)
into a wall '.
gwaljur, s.m., gwaliwr, ' wall-builder ' : may o n waljur da:.
gwalk, s.f., gwalc, D., ' coma, caesaries, capillitium '; * a turning
up ' : het tair gwalk, l a three-cornered hat ' ; — also kw alk (Bangor).
gwalkjog, adj., gwalciawg, O.P., ' turned up ' : het walkjog.
gwalx, s.m., pi. gwe'ilx, gwalch, D. (i) ' a kind of hawk (the
colour of which was gla:s) now extinct in the district, but formerly
common ' (O.H.). — Apparently the Peregrine Falcon (Falco pere-
grinus). (2) 'rogue': -hmmuxi ovol, gwalx f, 'take care, you
rogue!'; hem wal\ ba:x, 'you rogue'; gira/x dru:gt 'a wag';
gwalx gla:s ?di o (O.H.), * he is a tough customer '.
172 gwaltas — gwana
gwaltas, s., pi. gwaltesi, gwaldas, O.P., cf. W.S. gwalt [A welte],
' welt ' : givaltas esgid.
gwalva, s.f., gwalfa, B.C. 65. 26, ' a strewing, litter ' (J.J., who
used the word of the cockle-shells which formerly lay outside all
the cottages at Aber).
gwal, s.m., pl.gzvala, gwall, D.} 'defect, weak spot ' : kodi gwala
ar baub, ' to speak disparagingly of every one ' ; may r hBral wedi
ka:yl i wal arno vo, ' the devil has found out his weak spot '.
gwala, gwela, s.m., pi. gweleivja, gwellaif, D. ; guelleu, W.B.
col. 483. n, ' shears for shearing sheep '. Used also for any kind
of shears, e. g. for cutting hedges ; but these are always called
sisurn by farmers.
gwalgo, adj., pi. gwalgovjon, cf. gwallgof, D., ' insanitas ' ;
' mad ' : hannar gwalgovjon, ' half crazy '.
gwalgovruyb, s., gwallgofrwydd, ' madness '.
gwalgovys, adj., gwallgofus, D., s.v. ' insanus ' ; ' mad '.
gwa:lt, s.m., gwallt, D., ' hair ' (of the head) : gwa:lt gola, ' fair
hair ' ; gwadt terwyl, ' dark hair ' ; gwa:lt ko:x, ( red hair ' ; gwalt
wedi gunny, ' white hair ' ; may i wa:U o yglasy, ' his hair is turning
grey ' ; may i wa:U o n mynd dn vaur, ' his hair is getting long ' ;
tori gwa:lt, ' to cut one's hair', 'to have one's hair cut'; pu:y he:n
vyux sy wedi kropjo da wa:lt dzf, ' what old cow has been cropping
your hair ? ' (said to some one whose hair has been cut badly) ;
i gwadt am ben i dannaft, ' her hair all over her face ' ; mi Sydif i
uQo vo am bo:b blewyn m i wa:lt o (am bo:b blewyn o wa:ltm ibenno],
1 1 told him explicitly ' ; — gwadt 9 vorwyn, ' maiden-hair ' (Adiantum
capillus-Veneris).
gwaltog, adj., gwalltog, D., ' hairy ' (of the head) : po:b koppa
waltog o 'honynu (cf. Psalm Ixviii. 21), ' every man-jack'. Some-
times corrupted into koppa walgo, e.g. mi a: i a nu i r gwarxa bo:b
koppa walgo o -honynu, ' I will take them to the pound every man-
jack of them '.
gwamaly, v., gwammalu, D., ' to act with levity, to make fun, to
be frivolous '.
gwammal, adj., gwammal, D. (i) 'fickle': mor wammal a r
gwynt. (2) ' frivolous ' : hogan wammal.
gwan, adj., pi. gweinjaid, gwann, D. (i) ' weak ' : Igada gwan,
bgaid gweinjaid, ' weak eyes ' ; ma na rubaB m wan 9no vo, ' there
is some weakness, defect, in him'. (2) 'pale': gla:s gwan, 'pale
blue ' ; ko:t la:s gwan.
givana, s.f., pi. gwaneivja, gwanaf, D. (i) ' as much as can be
cut breadthwise with one sweep of the scythe ' (cf. arvod). (2) ' a
gwan-hay — gwarjo 173
row of mown hay ; swathe '. (3) ' the breadth between the ropes
used in securing a haystack ' (J.J.).
gwan'ha:y, v., gwanhau, D., ' to weaken '.
gwanjaB [gwahanjaQ'}.
gwanjtyBy, v., gwahaniaethu, O.P., 'to differ; discriminate*.
gwanfyd, adj., gwanllyd, T.N. 73. 19, ' weak, sickly'.
gwantan, adj., gwantan, T.N. 27. 36 ; gwentan, C.F. 1890,
332. 13. (i) 'unsteady, unreliable*. (2) 'weak, feeble, poor':
may o m by:r wan/an, ' he is a poor specimen ' ; y:ngo wanlan ydu i,
'I am rather poor* (e.g. at explaining); ara6 gwantan jaun o:yb
gyno vo, ' he was a poor speaker '.
gwanuyn, gwanun (old people), but generally gwanwyn, s.m.,
gwanwyn, D., ' spring ' : may gwenwyn m hayl 9 gwanwyn (prov.),
' there is poison in the spring sunshine ' ; hirlum 9 gwanwyn,
i.e. March and April.
gwayk, s.f., gwangc, D., ' greediness, insatiable desire ' : may na
wayk am vu:yd g»no vo, ' he has a voracious appetite ' ; — gwayk am
ver\aid, arjan ; — may 9 wayk arno vo = may o n fyyky 9 kubul
(O.H.); gwayk aya, 'a voracious appetite sometimes preceding
death '.
gwaykys, adj., gwangcus, D., ' voracious '.
gwar, s.f., pi. gwara, gwarr, D., ' the part of the back across the
shoulders, where e. g. a yoke is carried ' ; magy gwar, ' to stoop '
(acquire a natural stoop) ; may r pun m sarQjo ar i waro, ' the
pack is falling forward on to his (the horse's) shoulders '.
gwarad, v., gwared, D., 'to deliver', in the exclamations gwarad
ni ! gwarad 9 yhalon *'/, * save us ! ' ; also ka:yl gwarad o &e0, ' to
get rid of a thing '.
gwarant, s.f., pi. gwaranta, gwarant, D. ; D.G. x. 19, 'warrant':
kodi gwarant ar, ' to take out a warrant against '. Cf. gwranta.
gwaredtgaO, s.f., gwaredigaeth, R., ' deliverance ' ; Ke:s iwaredigaQ
heno, ' I got a load off my mind to-night '.
gwargammy, v., gwargammu, ' to stoop in the shoulders ' (as old
people do). Cf. gwargwmmy.
gwarglob [gwerglob].
givargrmimy, v., gwargrymu, O.P.; cf. gwarrgrwm, D., s.v. 'in-
curuiceruicus ', ' to stoop in the shoulders ' (as old people do) : ma:
r hem 8y:n na wedi gwargwmmy n aru (O.H.). Cf. gwargammy.
gwarjo, v., 'to stoop ' : may o n gwarjo n aru.
gwarjo, VM gwario, D., ' to spend ' : gwarjo arjan, ' to spend
money ' ; neiO o Sim i gwarjo hi nes KeiQ o rubad am dani hi, ' he
174 gwarxa — gwasgy
won't spend it till he gets a good equivalent for it ' ; y:n garujaun
zdi o am warjo i bre:s, ' he is a terrible spendthrift '.
gwarxa, s.m., gwarchae, D., ' a pound for strayed sheep or other
animals '. Also by:ar& gwarxa.
gwarxa, v., gwarchae, D., ' to impound '. Cf. above.
gwarxod, v., gwarchod, D., ' custodire, observare '. (i) ' to keep
house ' : du i y gwarxod m da:, ' I do the housekeeping well '.
(2) in the exclamations gwarxod paub ! gwarxod ni! (for Duw
gwarchod ni !) ; 9 nevob (= ta:d) vo y gwarxod! ' Heaven help us ! '
gwarog, adj., gwarrog, ' stooping ' : dy:n gwarog, ' a man with
a stoop '.
gwarB, s.m., gwarth, D., ' shame, disgrace ' : 0:8 m warB pry I
hznny aryBrol, ' it was looked upon as a great disgrace at that
time ' ; o:d m ward i fonoljaB i grogi o, ' it was a disgrace to
humanity to hang him '.
gwarBag, gwar&aig, s.pl., gwartheg, D., ' cattle ' : gwarBag dy:on,
' black cattle ' ; gwarBag godro, ' milch cattle ' ; gwarQag hespjon,
' dry cattle ' ; mi a: i ta gwarBag m 9 gweniB, ( I will go whatever
happens '.
gwarBys, adj., gwarthus, D.F. [169]. 6, 'shameful'.
gwa:s, s.m., pi. gweif'on, gwas, D., ' servant ', esp. ' a farm servant '
(fern, morwyn) : pen gwa:s, ' the farm hand who follows the first
team'; atlwa:s, 'the farm hand who follows the second team';
usnos gwa:s newy^ a phrase alluding to the diligence of a
new servant or to the popularity of a new man : rieiB o dim para n
usnos 3 gwa:s neivyd arno vo o hy:d, nearly equivalent to ' a new
broom sweeps clean ' ; also ' people will get tired of him when the
novelty has worn off* ; gwa:s i ywa:s i a ywa:s inna n djogi, said
to a servant who shifts work on to others' shoulders ; gwa:s 9 go:g,
' meadow-pipit ' (Anthus pratensis) ; gwa:s 9 neidar, ' dragon-fly '.
(2) equivalent to ' my boy ', ' old fellow ', etc. : wa:s, wa:s i, ' my
boy'; tyd 9mma wa:s, 'come here, old fellow' (e.g. to a dog);
r he:n wa:s, euphemism for the devil.
gwasanaB, s.m., gwasanaeth, D., ' service ', esp. in religious sense.
gwa:sg. s.f., gwasg, D., ' press ', e. g. ' cheese-press '.
gwa:sg, s.m., gwasg, D., ' waist '.
gwasgy, v., gwasgu, D., 'to press': kerulad ba:x a i gwasgy n
dyn (den), ' a small armful pressed well together ' ; gwasgy a r
breixja, ' to hug ' ; gwasgy r durn> ' to clench the fist ' ; sdi r sgidja
y gwasgy x traydP, ' do the boots pinch your feet ? ' ; gwasgy a r
dannaS, ' to bite ' ; may r hu:x wedi wasgy o a i dannaS, ' the sow
gwastad — gwayd 1 7 5
has bit him ' ; gwasga d? vegin (d* vrest), l keep your lips closed ',
1 do not say a word '.
gwastad, adj., gwastad, D. (i) ' level, even, straight': Kin
wastattad a r gcinjog ;—/or& was/ad, ' level road ' ; karag wastad,
' a flat stone ' ; klut gwastad te:g, 'a nice flat piece of ground ' ;
klau& gwastad, ' an even wall ' ; ka:l po:b pe:6 m wastad, ' to get
everything straight ' ; m wastad a hun, * in a straight line with that ' ;
sbi:a n wastad (= *y guderbyn) a dy druyn, ' look straight in front
of your nose ' ; r tdu in tri:o i dal hi n wastad 9m mho:b man, ' I try
and humour every one ' (cf. dal 9 bes&il m wastad) ; os na: vy:&
popped yn wastad 'rtoyoni, ' unless everything is straight between
us ' ; ' unless we are on good terms '. (2) * steady ' : myndm htrbjog
m £e: mynd m wastad. (3) ' staid, sedate ' : pu:y vasa n mebul 3 va:B
be:B am dano vo a vmta mor wastad/, 'who would have thought it
of him, considering that he is such a steady-going individual ! '
(4) adv., ' always ' : ?n wastad (te:g\
gwasta'tay, gwas'ta:y, stay, v., gwastattau, D. (i) 'to make
level ' : gwasta'tay o gumpas ty:t ' to level the ground round a
house' ; stay tippin arno vo, ' to level it a bit '. (2) ' to pacify ' :
rhaid gtry ru:in i stay nu. (3) ' to settle up ' : gwasta'tay krvrivon,
* to settle accounts ' ; — in slate quarries : to make up the number
of slates at the end of a month ; e. g. gwasta'tay nu n hannar kant.
gwastattab, s.m., gwastadedd, D., ' plain '.
gwastraf, s.m., gwastraff, O.P., 'waste, extravagance '.
gwastrafy, v., gwastraffu, D., 'to squander '.
gwatar, v., gwatwar, D., 'to mimic, imitate '.
gwatfad, gwatfo, watfad, watfo, v., ' to watch '.
gwaud, s.m., gwawd, D., ' mockery, derision ' : / oys dim ond
gwaud gano vo, ' he takes nothing seriously, makes fun of every-
thing ' ; o ran gwaud, ' in mockery '.
gwaul, gwaun, s.m., gwawn, D., in rhafa gwaul (kwaul, J.J.),
' gossamer ' ; also in davad gwaun, — may hun wedi wty Kin veinad
a davad gwaun, ' this is spun as fine as gossamer '.
gwaur, s.f., gwawr, D. (i) ' dawn '. (2) ' tinge ' : may gwaur
/a:s ar zr awyr, ( the sky has a blue tinge ' (sign of the weather
clearing) j vy:o na dim lawar o waur arno vo wedyn, ' he succeeded
but ill afterwards ' (cf. Eng. ' off colour '). Cf. D. s.v. ' defloresco '.
gway, interj., gwae, D., ' woe ' : gwefti gway, O.H. (of a sup-
posed ghost) ; gway i x* os gneu\i tonny /, ' woe to you if you do
that ! '
gwayd, s.m., gwaed, D., ' blood * : gwayd m frydjo (sboykjo),
' blood spurting out ' ; hmro o wayd, ' a Welshman by birth ' ; m
arno vo ovn truy wayd i galon, ' he is beside himself with fear ' ;
1 7 6 gwaydgi — gwe:
koysa wedi mynd ay goxjon i ammyl gwayd, ' legs chafed to the raw '
(e. g. by drifting sand) ; r o:d hi an i gwa:yd ar 3 laur, ' she was
wallowing in her blood on the floor ' ; kynt 9 tummiQ gwa:yd na
du:r (prov.), ' blood is thicker than water '.
gwaydgi, s.m., pi. gwaydguns, gwaed-gi, D.P.O. 39. 9, ' blood-
hound ' = Hi: gwayd ; — as term of reproach : ta:u r hem waydgi
gwirjon (waydgi bydyr\ said to some one who ° takes things
wrongfully.
gwayl, adj., gwael, D. (i) ' ill ' (= sa:l) : may o wedi mynd an
wayl, ' he has been taken ill ' ; may going dy:n gwayl arno vo, ' he
has the look of a sick man'. (2) ' bad, mean, sorry': kam'ra:ig
gwayl, ' bad Welsh ' ; peB ba:x gwayl, ' a thing of no importance ' ;
Iro gwayl (= sa:l), 'a shabby trick'; ru:m way I, 'a room of
mean appearance '.
gwayB, adj., adv., gwaeth, D., ' worse ' : mi lasa vod an wayB,
' it might be worse ' ; an way 6 o r hannar, ' half as bad again ' ;
mynd an way 6 way 6 o hy:d, * to get worse and worse '. Introducing
a clause way 6 implies before it a suppressed negative, e.g. way 6
i mi beidjo, na: wayB ? Ans. na: wayd (8im\ ' I might just as
well not, mightn't I ? ' Ans. ' Yes ' ; wayd ar a deyar be:B, ' it
doesn't in the least matter what ' ; wayd ydynu beidjo rhedag 8wi,
( they might just as well not run ' ; wayB boxti wedi kodi am uyB
ar dim r u:ti wedi n'e'yd, ' you might just as well have got up at
eight for all you have done ' ; wayd be di o os adi o y gneyd djoni i
Xt, ' it doesn't matter what it is so long as it does you good ' ; wayd
y:n gair na xant, ' one word is as good as a hundred '. — Followed
by prepositions : am, ' as regards ' : wayd am dano vo, ' not worse
as regards it ', i.e. ' never mind ' ; ta wayB (am hanny], 'if that is
anything, for the matter of that ' : — gin, e. g. wayB gin i, l not
worse in my estimation', i.e. * I don't care '; wayB gin i be SydiBo,
' I don't care what he says ' ; wayd gin i vaint n'e'iB o sbeitjo arna i,
t adi o 8im am mhary dim arna i, ' I don't care how much he makes
fun of me, he doesn't do me any harm ' ; be oyft gwayB gino vo
be vo nu i>, ' what did he care for them ? ' ; wayd gano vo r y:n
tammad, ' it made absolutely no difference to him ' ; — i, ' for ' (for
another example see above) : wayd t x^', ' not worse for you', i.e.
' what does it matter to you ? ' ; wayd i mi deyd uB barn o bren nag
'uBynhuBa, ' I might as well speak to a block of wood as to them '
(cf. wayd i mi 8eyd karag a dul) ; wayd i ti be vo nu, ' never mind
them ' ; damma vi n deyd uBo vo nat oyb wayB t'do vo heb, 1 1 told
him that it was no use his doing it ' ; wayB i ti heb na Bri:o (= heb
dim tri:o], ' it's no use your trying '. — Used substantively : rhag
i X* go-' I gwayB, ' for fear you get something worse ' ; be wayB
be vo ?, ' what does it matter ? '
gwe:, s.f., gwe, D., * web ' : may o wedi drasy r we:, ' he has
upset the plans ' ; gwe: pry: kop, ' spider's web '.
gwe:t — gwi'tli 177
gwe:by s.f., pi. gweto', gwSdd, D., ' team ' : may gwe:& nobl jaun
gmo vo, ' he has a fine team of horses ' ; pen we:&, ' the best team
on a farm ' ; r ail we:d, etc. ; gwe:b vain, ' a team drawing tandem '.
give:*, s.f., gwSdd, D., ' appearance, aspect ' : byu\ a gwe:b la:
ami hi ; may na we:& Ita: 'arnaxi ; — <1a: jaun o ran pry :d a gwe:&,
' good-looking ' ; — of the face, ' colour, complexion ', alluding to
temporary modifications, such as paleness, etc. : gwc& i wynab.
Cf. Dan. iii. 19, a gw6dd ei wyneb ef a newidiodd, "and the form
of his visage was changed ". — Fig. rhoi gwe:t ara[ ar betia, 'to put
a new aspect on affairs '.
gwefti, s.f., pi. gwe'di:a, gweddi, D., ' prayer ' : mi beydob o ar i
wedit ' he said in his prayer '.
gwebil, s.m., gweddill, D., 9 gweto'l, ' the rest '.
gwe-8i:o, v., gweddio, D., ' to pray ' : gwe-bi:o drost i 0j:d, ' to
pray for her father ' ; mi dorob hogyn i we^i:o ar ganol 9 bregaO,
' a boy broke out into prayer in the middle of the sermon ' ;
gwe-di:o am luftjantar 9r axos, ' to pray for the success of the cause '.
gwedol, adj., gweddol, D., ' moderate, reasonable ' : hogyngwe&ol,
' a moderate sized boy ' ; sy da\i he&ju ? m weSol, ' how are you
to-day ? ' ' Pretty well ' (= smmot).
gwe&u, adj. and s., pi. gweftwon, gweddw, D., ' widowed ' : gu:r
(dy:n) gwe8u, ' widower ' ; gwraig webu, ' widow ' ; du i n webu er s
deigjan mhnad, ' I have been a widower for forty years '.
gwe&wi, v., gweddwi, D., ' to put aside widow's weeds ' : may hi
y giue&wi n aru implies ' she is looking out for another husband '.
Also used similarly of a widower.
gwetys, adj., gweddus, D., * proper, decent, seemly ' : dero vo n
wedys, 'give it properly* (e.g. to a child handing something to
some one in an unseemly way).
gwe&il, s.m., gwegil, D., 'the nape of the neck': linin 9 gwegil,
' the spinal cord ' ; may o wedi tori linin i zue/t'l, ' he has broken
his neck ' ; r o:n i n mebul bod na rubaB 9n 9\ gwegil X1', ' I thought
you were offended with me about something ' (O.H.).
gwegjan, v., gwegian, R., ' to totter ' : r o:b o y gwegjan ar i
goysa ; — r 0:8 9 nhoysa y gwegjan dana i, ' my legs bent under me '.
gwegni, gwegi, s., gwegi, D. (i) ' emptiness ' : rhoid i droyd ar
wegni, ' to make a false step ' ; sgavnax na gwegi, ' lighter than
air '. (2) ' levity ' : dy:n m laun o wegni.
gweidi, v., gweidi, R.B. 174. 18; L.A. 82. 27; gweiddi, M.LI,
i. 1 1 6. 6 ; D.P.O. 298. 30 ; gwaeddi, D. Pret. S. 3. gweydod, 'to
shout, to call ' ; * to squeal ' (of a pig), etc. : os fy:8 if'o pe:6 rhaid i
\i wei'Si (alu\ ' if you want anything, you must call ' ; gweidi ar i
1432 N
178 gwe'im — gweld
gilib, ' to shout to one another ' ; na: i we'idi n said mu:y, ' I'll
shout seven times louder '.
gweini, v., gweini, D., ' to be in service ' : may gmo vo y:n verx
vy gweini zm maygor, ( he has one daughter in service in Bangor'.
gweisin, s.m., dim. of gwa:s, ' farm-servant ' : tyd smma yweisin
(O.K.).
gweitjad, gweitjo, v., gwa(i)tio, W.S. [Wayte] ; gwaetio, T.N.
309. 5, ' to wait ' : gweitjux am vynyd, am vynyd 6a:x, ' wait a
minute, a moment ' ; gweitjux, v?da i dim xwiykjad na vsba i m
barod, c wait, I shall be ready in a moment ' ; mi a: i n ara de:g
i x gweitjad xi, ' I'll go slowly on, for you to catch me up ' ; gweitjo
tre:n, ' to wait for a train ' ; yy gweitjad am i Ba:d adra, ' waiting for
her father to come home '.; gweitjad nu m i hod, 'to wait till they
come back '.
gweiQgar, adj., gweithgar, D., s.v. c affabre ', ' fabre ' ; ' hard-
working '.
gweiQjo, v., gweithio, D. (i) 'to work': gweiQjo i hoxor hi,
' to work with all one's might ' ; gweiQjo vel la:b nadrod (= neidar),
vel bustvil, vel Kefyl, vel negar ; gweiQjo n du&ul drebal, n bubul
pu:ar, ' to work like niggers ' ; gweiQjo n ywy:s dweryd, ' to work
till one is all in a perspiration '. (2) ' to work, to be in motion ' :
rhaid i r vrayx weiQjo o r gesal, ' the arm must work from its
socket', i.e. 'one must work hard'. (3) ( to froth, to foam; to
ferment' (cf. Jonah i. n, 13). — Transitive (4) ' to work' : may n
haus i gweiQjo, 1 9di r Kerig dim mor s0und, ' it is easier to work it :
the slate does not cling together so ' ; ma: nu y gweiQjo 9 xwaral dn
vle:r ru:an, ' they are working the quarry waste fully now '. (5)
' to act as a purgative upon ' : gweiQjo ru:inpen vy:b o wedirhummo ;
— ka:l i weiQJQy ' to have his bowels moved '.
gwe'i6jur, s.m., pi. gweiQjurs, gweithiwr, D. (i) 'workman'.
(2) ' worker ' : ydi r Kefyl 3n weiQjur da: /
gweiQrad, s.f., pi. gweiQredob, gweithred, D. (i) 'deed'. (2)
' deed ' (in the legal sense).
gweld (more rarely gwelad), v., gweled, D. Fut. S. 3. gweliQ,
gwe:L PI. 2.gwelux,gwrtux ('0faxi, -zluxi, 0\i\ PTet.S.i.gwetis,
2. gwetist, 3. gwelob. PI. i. gwelson, 2. gwelsox, 3- gwehon. Im-
perative gwe:l ; gwelux, gwzlux, 0lux. The future is very frequently
used with present meaning. Sometimes the imperfect (gwelun) is
used with preterite meaning, e. g. 9 pe:Q kmta 'welani, ' the first
thing we saw'. (Cf. klyun.} (i)'to see': 'weluxf- r dy:n aku ?,
' do you see that man ? ' ; wela i m ono vo, ' I don't see him ' ; pu:y
wela vo ond . . . y3, ' whom should he see but ...?'; mi vy:§ 9n hi:r
jaun Kiy 'gweluxi o etto, ' it will be long before you see him again ' ;
i edrax be 'weluni, ( to see what we shall see ' ; gweld po:b for, ' to
gwelu—gwel 179
see in every direction ' ; may o wedi gweld gwtf d&ja, ' he has seen
better days ' ; ?y bmmyd po:b pe:6 wc:l o, ' taking everything he sees '
(O.H.) ; muya vy:b dy:n byu, muya we:/ a muya glyu (prov.), ' we live
and learn '. (2) with ka:yl, ' to see ', L e. ' to obtain information
through the course which events take ' : %haid i \i ga:l gweld, ' you
must see ' ; kaun weld etto, ' we shall see ' ; &<ti di weld be get di ar
o:l d ewyrB, ' you will see what your uncle has left you '. (3) ' to
look ' : gw*lu\I, rtux /, &lux /, ' look ! ' ; gwelux be neifi godi ar
lo:n nei&jur, ' look what I picked up on the road last night '.
to see ' = ' to understand ' : da\i y gweld ? -rtuxt, '0lu\i, ex?',
o you see ?, you see ' (often used, as in English, as a kind of
expletive at the end of a statement). (5) followed by an adjective
or adverb = ' to seem ' : da\i y gweld tr adag m hi:r /, ' does the
time seem long to you?' (Anglo- We'sh : 'do you see the time
long ? ') ; r oybun i n i weld o n vaurjaun, ' he seemed to me very
big ' ; -wybosti be: r ?du i n d? weld di n debig />, « do you know what
(4) '
' do
I think you are like ? ' — similarly os 'gwelu\i n da: (s gwelux
' if it seems good to you ', i.e. ' please '. (6) ' to see ' = ' to visit ' :
mi V3$a hunnu n du:ad i gwelt /', ' he used to come and see her f.
(7) ' to see ' = ' to live until ' : may m bosib i ni be'idjo gweld r
amsar honno, ' it is possible we shall not see that time '. — Phrases :
gweld bat, ' to blame ' [fo/J ; gweld i gi:l dannad, ' to experience
the utmost of his unkindness ' ; gweld 3 werdon am dano, ' to be
sick of waiting for it \
gwelu, adj., gwelw, D., ' pale ' (as result of illness — seldom used
= lu:yd) : r 0:8 going gwelu a gwa:yl arno vo (J.J.).
gwelwi, gweuli, v., gwelwi, O.P., ' to turn pale '.
gwely, s.m., pi. gwla:y (cf. gwlau, D.P.O. 317. 23), gwely, D.
(i) 'bed': gwely wensgod, ' four-poster with curtains ' (J.J.), but
cf. wensgod ; gwely py:st b?rjon, ' bed with short legs used when the
ceiling is sloping, thus affording little space ' (JJ.) ; gwely peswyn,
1 chaff bed ' ; mynd i r gwely, ' to go to bed ' ; da\i n mynd i x
gwely y gyni ru:an, ' you go to bed earlier now ' ; may nu wedi
mynd i u gwla.y, ' they have gone' to bed' ; wa:y6 i \i vo:d m i\
gwely 8im, l you might just as well be in bed ' ; may n haus mynd
i r gwely na \odi o hono vo, ' it is easier to go to bed than to get up ' ;
vy:om i ri'oyd m 9 ywely am durnod, ' I never spent a day in bed ' ;
kweirjo, trim, gneyd gwely, ' to make a bed ' ; wedi ka:yl i gwely,
said of a°woman in childbed, 'to be brought to bed'. (2) used
e.g. of a stone which lies well in the mortar : may gint hi wely da:
(O.H.) ; similarly : may r gwair wedi hmmyd i wely n jaun, ' the
hay (in the stack) has settled down nicely'. (3) 'flower-bed'
= gwely bloda (cf. D., s.v. ' area ', gwely mewn gardd). (4) ' bed
of a river '.
gwel, adj., gwell, D., ' better ' : may o wedi gweld gwel dsbja, ' he
has seen better days ' ; amsar gwel, ' better days ' ; ma: nu n we! k
N 2
1 8 o gwela — gwennol
ma: nu, ' they are better where they are ' ; daxi n edrax 3n wel,
1 you look better ' ; — with gin as wel gin t, ' I had rather ' : wel
•ganoxi i vjaun ta alan />, ' would you rather be inside or outside ? '-
with i as wel i mi, ' I had better ' : wel i ni aros 9mma am vynyd,
' we had better wait here a minute ' ; wel i ni gad tippin ba:x ar 9
tarn, l we had better have something on the fire '.
gwela, v., gwella, D., 'to improve ; to get better (in health) ' :
os medri di wela dy hy:n, ' if you can better yourself.
gwela, s. [gwala\.
gwefy'ant, s.m., gwelliant, R., 'improvement': may hynna n
we]jant maur.
gwe:lt, s.m., gwellt, D., ' straw ':gwe:ltgla:s, ' grass ' [gweltglaitf] ;
sometimes gwe:lt alone is used in this sense as sdp o we:lt,
'a tuft of grass', e.g. left by cattle; — to: gwe:lt, 'thatched
roof ' ; het we:lt, ' straw hat ' ; ^ha:f we:lt, ' straw rope ' ;
potlal (= suppyn) o we:lt, 'bundle of straw'; gu:r gwe:lt, 'a
kind of guy formerly left on no:s glayg'eya, as an insult, at the
house of a girl by a rejected lover; sometimes tied to the top
of a tree where it could be seen by the neighbours before it could
be taken down ' (O.H.) ; may r durnod wedi mynd i r gwedt, ' the
day has gone by without anything being accomplished ' (cf. wedi
mynd i r brenin} ; — also used of persons ( he is a failure ' ; also
gary i hy:n i r gwe:lj.
gweltglaitf, gweltglatf, gwestglaitf (J.J.; O.K.); gwestglas ;
gwesglas (E.J.), gwe:lt gla:s, s.m., gwelltglas, D., ' grass '.
gweltog, adj., gwelltog, D., (of corn) ' rich in straw '.
gweltyn, s.m., gwelltyn, D., ' blade of grass ; a straw '.
gwe:n, s.f., pi. gwena, gwSn, D., ' smile ' : / o:s na 8im give:n ar
i ry:8 o ; 'weluxi by9 we:n ar i ry:8 o, ' you never see him smile ' ;
tippin ba:x o wena, ' a little cheerfulness ' ; gwe:n ar i ena, ' a smile
on his lips ' ; mi Seydob hmny gid a i we:n ar iwynab, ' he said that
with a smile on his face '.
gwenar, s., Gwener, D., dy gwenar, 'Friday'; no:s wenar,
' Friday night ' ; dy gwenar 9 grogliO, ' Good Friday '.
•gwe:n-de:g, adj., ' pleasant spoken but insincere ' : y:n -gwe:n'de:g
ddi o,y:n 'we:n'de:g ddi hi.
gwendid, s.m., pi. gwendida, gwendid, D. (i) ' weakness ' : ma:
gviendid sn 2 top gmo vo, " he is a bit off it " ; tru mo:d im zywendid,
' as I was in a weak state ' ; ywiljo (kodt) gwendida, ' to seek out
weak points '. (2) ' pudenda ' : ka:l slap m i wendid.
gwenhiQan, s.f., gwenhithen, M.LI. i. 240. 26, 'a grain of wheat'.
gweniQ, s.m., gwenith, D., ' wheat '.
gwennol, s.f., ^\. gwenoljad, gwennol, D. (i) ' swallow ' : gwennol
•gwe:n-ple:s — gwerm 1 8 1
9 mo:r, term applied to all species of tern (Sterna fluviatilis, etc.) =
derynpenwaig, xividlurpenwaig. Cf. D., s.v. ' cypsellus ', ' drepanis ' ;
morwennawl, R.B. 102. 26. (2) 'shuttle'; also in making nets,
* needle, an instrument for holding and netting the material '(O.H.).
'gwc:n'pk:s, adj., ' affable ' : r o:& o n 'we:n'ple:s jaun hevo mi
(generally implying that the affability was a mere blind ; cf.
•gwe:n'de:g).
gwenwisg, s.f., gwenwisg, D., 'surplice*.
gwenwyn, s.m., gwenwyn, D. (i) 'poison': ma: r dy:n wedi
hmeryd gwenwyn, 'the man has poisoned himself . (2) 'envy,
jealousy, spite', cf. B.C. 17. 17 ; may i wenwyn m i !a:9 o, ' his
jealousy is the undoing of him ' ; gurtaO da: 3di gwenwyn, a proverb
implying that envy often profits those towards whom it is shown.
Cf. may li:d a \mvigan m £0:8 i per\cnnog.
gweny, v., gwenu, D., ' to smile ' : 'ma:y o y gweny n &//, ' he
does smile prettily ! ' — of sunshine : r hayl m tunny ag ?y gweny n
nobl.
gwenyn, s.pl., sing, gwensnan, gwenyn, D., ' bees ' : haid, hat/ad
o wenyn, ' a swarm of bees ' ; hxjad gwenyn, ' a hiveful of bees ' ;
gwenyn meir\ (mei'x), ' wasps '.
gwep, s.f., gwep, D., 'vultus, facies, rostrum', (i) 'face' : tro:
di wep gad i mi roid y:n i \ti (O.H.), ' turn your face for me to give
you a slap '. (2) ' mouth ' : kay d? wep /, ' shut your mouth ' ; r
he:n wep I (= r he:n &e:g /), said of some one who cannot keep a
secret. — [The word is only used in a facetious sense.]
gwe:r, s.m., gw6r, D., ' animal fat such as that about the entrails
of sheep and cattle ' (gwe:r 3 pervab) ; ' tallow ' : wa:st ? gwe:r,
( droppings of tallow from a candle '.
gweran, s.f., gweren, D., ' caul or fatty membrane investing the
intestines, epiploon, omentum ' ; cf. y weren fol, D., s.v. ' omentum ',
' peritonaeum ' ; also ' suet ' = lu:yn, now generally fiuai\ — gweran
byppyr, ' a dish made by melting suet, adding pepper and salt,
mixing it with bread crumbs in a bowl, and pouring boiling water
over it ' (O.H.).
gwerglod, gwarglod, s.f., pi. gwergloty'a, gwarglobja, gweirglodd,
D. ; gwerglodd, M.LI. i. n6. 3, 'meadow'. The following
gwerglobja formerly existed on the low-lying land along the sea at
Llanfairtechan on each side of the river: gwerglob y{y:s, — syrdan, —
ba:\, — kay r onnan, — ben 3 bryn, — tan r a:ltba:\y — tan r a:lty\a, —
vydyr^ — vaur, — luyngugan, — ygilvax, — * welsman, — 3r henar, —
y doldir (O.H.) l—brenhinas 3 werg/od, * meadow-sweet ' (Spiraea
Ulmaria) = xwy-'s arQyr.
gzverin, s.f., gwerin, D., ' the common people ' ; — also 3 werin
bobol.
182 gwern — gwey
gwern, s.pl., sing, gwernan, gwern, D., ' alders '.
gwers, s.f., pi. giversi, gwers, D., ' lesson '.
gwerB, s., gwerth, D. (i) verbal noun, 'sale': ar werB, 'on
sale '. (2) ' worth, value ' : rhoid i baub an o:l i werB, ' to give to
each according to his worth ' ; rubaB sy a gwerB mo vo, ' something
of value ' ; daxi y gneyd gwerB zx bu:yd?, ' does what you do cover
your keep ? ' ; / o:s na dim lawar o werB ano vo, ' it is not worth
much ' ; 'g0usoxi werB axpre:s rieiBjur ?, ' did you get your money's
worth last night ? ' ; gwerB dimma, ' a halfpennyworth ' (= mewaff) ;
— preceded by dim, ' not much' (but dim o werB, ' nothing of value ') :
"X^msoxi Sim gwerB o budin, ' you have not taken much pudding ' ;
vedar hi dim gwerB, ' she can't (talk) much (Welsh) ' ; Sary mi g*sgy
dim gwerB neiBjur, * I did not sleep much last night ' ; / adi hi dim
?n wel dim gwerB, ' she is not much better ' ; dim gwerB oford, ' not
far ' ; vdda i dim gwerB zn i rie'yd o, ' I shan't be long doing it ' ; d
9di o dim gwerB, ' he is not much good ' ; — as adjective : mi vasa n
werB i xi ' gweld nu, 'it would be worth your while to see them';
/ adi o dim gwerB i re&i, ' he is not worth swearing at '.
gwerBol, s.f., pi. gurBavlja, gurBalva, gwerBolja, gwrthafl, D. ;
gwarthol, D.F. [84]. 8 ; gwarthal, C.Ch. 56. 37, 'stirrup': d0ro
da droyd m 9 werBol, ' put your foot in the stirrup '.
gwerBur, s.m., gwerthwr, D., s.v. ' vendax ' ; ' seller ' : gwerBur
p3sgod, ' a seller of fish '.
gwerBy, v., gwerthu, D. Imperative gwerB, gwerBa, ' to sell ' :
/ oys na dim n agos Kimmint o werBy 'arnynu ru:an, l there is not
nearly such a good sale for them now '.
gwer By d ; gwarBy I, gwerBy I (Q .}$..}, s.f., gwerthyd,D. (i) 'spindle'.
(2) ' the iron rod which unites the power to churns, to water-
wheels, etc.'
gwestyn, s.m., ' a thin wiry man ' (I.W.) — often used as an endear-
ing term, r he:n westyn bsxan (of a child) ; o: ywestyn ba:x / (to a dog)
— O.H. Cf. Ar lleidar gwesdyn drwg i gasdie, A. — (Ellis Roberts).
gweuluyd, adj., gwelwlwyd, ' pale ' (O.H.).
gwevl, s.f., pi. gwevla, gwelva, gwefl, D., ' lip ' — used both of
human beings and animals : gwelva tena. ' thin lips ' ; ledy ( = estyn,
leysy] i welva, ' to pout' (cf. CC. 18. 9) ; paid ag 9sguyd da wevla
arna i, ' do not say a word '. Cf. gwevys.
gwevlgammy, v., gweflgammu, ' to make a wry mouth ' (O.H.).
gwevrjo, v., gwefrio, G.O. ii. 242. 20. in phr. dest a gwevrjo,
' to be on fire for anything ' (I.W.).
gwevys, s.f., pi. gwevdsa, gwefus, D., ' lip ' : gwevzsa meinjon,
' thin lips '. Cf. gwevl.
> v., gweu, D., s.v. 'textim'. (i) 'to weave; to knit':
gweydlyd— gweyu 183
gwey sanna, * to knit stockings ' ; ko:t wey, ' jersey ' ; krnbas wey,
1 a jacket with sleeves worn by workmen underneath a coat '. (2)
of rapid motion in and out : i pisgod yy gwey t%u t gi/i&. Cf. D.G.
xlvii. 30.
gw'e'ydlyd, adj., gwaedlyd, D. (i) ' bloody, blood-stained '. (2)
1 revengeful ' : dy:n gweydlyd = dy:n djalgar : — r hem £ena gweydlyd
djalgar (O.H.).
gweydlyn; gweydlyd (I.W.), s.m., gwaedling, gwaedlif, D., ' fluxus
sangumis ' ; ' bleeding from the nose ' : kayl > gweydlyn ; — ^fa
r gweydlyn = mtitoil, ' yarrow ' (Achillea Amlefolium). Cf. Lng.
(Dial.) ' stanch-girss '.
gw'e'ydwylt, adj., gwaedwyllt, D., s.v. ' impetuosus ', ' temerarius ' ;
' passionate ' : gwy:lt weydwylt.
gweydy, v., gwaedu, D., * to bleed '.
gweylati, s.m., gwaeledd, D., s.v. ' leuitas ' ; ' sickness ' : ty kodt
0:8 ar weytad, * arising from sickness '.
gweylod, s.m., pi. gweylodjon, gwaelod, D. (i) 'bottom': ay
yweylod y grif'a, ' at the bottom of the stairs '— \m weylod also
occurs ; cf. yn waylod eigion, C.L.C. v. vi. 51. 22) : 9y yweylod >
dilady 9 du:r, ?r avon, etc. ; — 9 gweylod tsa, * the very bottom '. (2)
fig. ' bottom ' : m ? gweylod, ' at bottom ' ; dim in 9 gweylod, — 9y
kogjo bo:d ar 3 gwynab, * not really, — looking as if he was, pretending
to be '. (3) ' grounds ' : gweylod blaud Keirx wedi berwi, ' grounds
of boiled oatmeal'; — also in pi.: gweylodjon baril ; gweylodjon
golxi ?n * kruk.
gwe'yly, v., g\\'aelu, O.P., 'to become poorly, infirm' : may hi y
gweyly n aru er s riu day vi:s, ' she has been getting very infirm the
last two months or so ' ; may hi wedi gweyly fawar, ' she has been
pulled down very much ' (by her recent illness).
gweyrod, s.pl., cf. gwyryng, D., 'vermiculi in dorsis bourn',
(i) ' worms that breed under the skin of cattle ', i.e. ' the maggots of
the warble-fly' (Hypoderma bovis), called gweryd, gweryrod in
Medd. An. p. 89. (2) 'ship-worms': gweyrod meun ko:yd joy
(O.K.). Cf. W.S. gwyran aderyn gwyllt ' A bernacle '.
gweyQa, adj., gwaethaf, D., ' worst ' : may r adag weyBa wedi
paf'o, ' the worst time (of year) has passed ' ; wedi mynd i r (e:
gweyQa, ' gone to the bad ' ; vel may gweyBa mo:8, ' I am sorry to
say ' ; — used substantively : ar weyBa, * in spite of ' ; ar i weyBa (ar
hy:d i weyBa) &o:B o, ' he came in spite of himself, against his will ' ;
ar i weyBa vo n i tiannab, ' in the teeth of his opposition ', also ar i
weyBa vo n i e:n.
gweyBdy, s.m., gweithdy, D., s.v. ' lithotomia ' ; 'workshop' :
gweyBdy sa:yr.
gweyu, s.m., gwayw, D. (i) 'spear', in the plant-name dail
184 gwi:al — gwilihoban
bla:yn 9 gweyu (O.H.). — G. has (p. 4) Ranunculus Flammula,
Lesser Spearwort, Blaen gwaew lliaf, and R. Lingua, Greater
Spearwort, Blaen y gwaew mwyaf. (2) ' a shooting pain' : gweyu
m i \evn ; — mi a:Q gweyu i go:ys y:n •onynu ; — vedra r doktor dim
tori r gweyu.
gwi:al, s.pl., gwial and gwiail, D., ' rods ' : gwi:al meinjon, astu
1 slender, pliable rods '; kru:B sgotta wedineyd o wi:al, 'a fishing
basket made of rods, osier '. Cf. gjalam.
gwi:al, s.pl., sing, gwialan, f. gwaell, pi. gweyll, gwehyll, D.,
' knitting needles ' ; gwialan wa:lt, ' hair-pin '.
gwi:b, wi:b, s.f., gwib, D., ' vagatio '. (i) ' a run ' : grieyd, hmmyd
wi:b (O.H.), ' to take a run ' (before a jump); mi na:6 wi:b alan,
1 he rushed out ' ; ar wi:b, ' post haste '. (2) ' wandering, peregrina-
tion ' : wedi mynd ar i wi:b, ' gone off on his wanderings '. (3)
1 spirit of unrest' : may riu wi:b garu dni hi (= riu vynd, riu
•an'sevad'logruyti), f she is always gadding about ', ' she cannot settle
down ' ; — may riu wi:b dno vo am vynd o hy:d ; — pen drawa r wi:b
arna i (ar 9 mhenni), ' when the wandering spirit came upon me ' ;
may o y hmmyd 3 wi:b m i ben ag ifur a vo:, ' he gets the wander-
ing instinct on the brain and off he goes ' ; ma: lawar o wt:b wedi
dir.ad ar 9 by:dy ' the world is full of unrest '.
gwibdaiO, s.f., gwibdaith, ' flying visit, hurried journey ' : may
o wedi ksmmyd i wibdaid ; may o wedi mynd ar i wibdaiQ.
gwibjo, v., gwibio, D., ' to be given to wandering, to be unable to
settle down ' ; ' flighty '.
gwibjog, adj., gwibiog, D., s.v. ' vagabundus ' ; ' given to wander-
ing, roaming about ' : wel wi:r, r o:n i n wibjog jaun pen o:n i n
ivayk — in mynd ar ol mermaid ; — seran wibjog, ' falling star'.
gwigil) adj., gwygyl, O.P., 'sultry': may r dwiyb 9n wigil
(= mul, marwaib).
gwi:x, s.f., pi. gwixja, gwich, D., ' squeak '.
gwi\jad, s.pl., sing, gwi'xin, gwixan, gwichiad, D., ' periwinkle '.
Also called, for the sake of distinction, gwixan vytta ; gwixjad
mo:x, ' whelk ' (Fusus) ; varieties are gwixjad mo:x melyn and ko:x ;
gwtxan Ki: (Littorina littoralis), gwixan arjan, apparently a shell of
the genus Trochus worn to a silvery colour.
gwixjan, v., cf. gwichio, D., 'to squeak'; 'to creak' (e.g. of
boots) ; ' to screech ' (of fowls and owls) : gwixjan giaenftj*, ( to
giggle ' (applied especially to girls).
gwixlyd, adj., gwichlyd, O.P., 'creaking': sgidja gwt'xfyd.
gwilihoban, v., gwilhobain, O.P. [to gallop], ' to gallivant, to fool
away one's time ' = dgolih0utjo, — may hi wedi mynd i wilihoban
alan ; — le: may r hogyn ? may o y gwilihoban ar o:l sr he:n ne&od na.
gwiljad — gwirkjo 185
gwiljad, gwiljo, v., gwylio, gwyliaid, gwilio, gwiliaid, D., gwylat,
W3., col. 74. 18 ; gwilied, D.F. [166]. 12 ; B.C. 34. 2 ; D.P.O.
56. 28. (i) ' to watch ' : du i y gwiljad i simidjada (J.J ) ; — rhaid
i wiljo vo (O.H.). (2) ' to mind, take care ' : gwilju\ S9rtyo, ( mind
you don't fall '.
gwiljad, s., in the phrase ar wif/ad 9 dy& = 9 waur gmta n tori
(O.H.). a.guyl.
gwi^inab, s.m., gwylltineb, D., 'fury': gneyd Kigtitdra m i
wilfinab (wirjondab) (O.H.), ' to commit an act of cruelty in a
moment of passion '.
gwiljo, gultjo, v., gwylltio, D. (i) ' to fly into a rage' (hevo).
(2) ' to go wild ', e.g. with excitement : •/ zdynu Mm 9y gwiljo ru:ant
ma: nu wedi syvylo, * they are not in wild excitement now, they have
quietened down '. (3) ' to take fright ' : mi wfyjob 9 Kefyl. Trans.
(4) 'to make angry*. (5) 'to frighten': gwijljo r adar', (of a
sheep-dog) gwijljo r devaid i vmyt
gwi:n, s.m., gwin, D., ' wine '.
gwina, adj., gwinau, D., ' bay ' (of horses).
gwinjo, v., gwynio, D., ' to throb ' (I.W.).
gwt'yo, v., gwingo, D. ; B.C. 31. n. (i) 'to quiver, twitch* (of
an animal on the point of death). (2) ' to set one's limbs in
motion, exert oneself : may rhei zy gwi'yo hmny "vedranu a mynd
dim kam m i bleyna ; — rhaid i ti wiyo am dz dammad ; — dy:n 9y
gwiyo gweiBjo.
gwi:ry adj., gwir, D., ' true ' : Kin wirad (wi'rjadf) a f adar, — a r
evcyil, — a bo:d bara meun tor6y ' as true as the gospel ' ; — in wz:r,
' really, truly ' : m wi:r dlaud, ' really poor * ; also ' indeed '
(here m is generally omitted) : i:a wi:r, ' yes, indeed ' ; na: na, wi:rt
'I will not, indeed*, i.e. 'no, I wonV; elawi:r mai dwa be sy:,
' perhaps, indeed, that is what it is ' ; vejy wi:r, dzna be o:y§ o, 'just
so, that was it ' ; vefy wi:r ! — aije /, ' really ! ', ' you don't mean
it ! ' — As substantive ' truth ' : gwi:r a xeluyd, l truth and falsehood ' ;
deyd 9 gwi:r, ' to tell the truth ' ; mi vasa fanny n agosax i r gwi:rt
' that would be nearer the truth ' ; du i wedi deyd fawar o stry:on
'iiQaxt, a lawar o wi:r 'snynu, ' I have told you a great many
stories, and there is a great deal of truth in them too ' ; gin 9
gwirjon Keir 9 gwi:r (prov.), 'from the innocent is obtained the truth';
\eu\i m o r gwi:r gmo vo, ' you can't get the truth out of him ' ;
/ 9di o dtm ?y kayl 9 gwi:r, ' he does not get justice, get his due ' (in
good sense) ; ar 9\ gwi:r P ar 9 ywi:rt faun i maru r mynyd ma /,
' Really ? ' ' Really, upon my life and soul ' (lit. ' were I to die this
minute '.
gwir§jo> v., gwyrddio, 'to become green*: may r ko:yd ?y
gwirdjo.
1 8 6 gwirjon — gwla:d
gwirjon, gurjon, adj., gwirion, D. (i) ' simple (in good sense),
innocent ' : r 0:8 o mor wirjon f, ' he was so simple ! ' ; 9 pe:6 ba:\
gwirjon /, ' poor little thing ! ' (2) ' stupid, foolish ' : Kin wirjonad
a i gssgod, ' as foolish as can be ' ; he:n lob (lolyn, bembul, etc.)
gwirjon, ' old fool'; he:n dgolpan wirjon da\i '/, 'you silly idiot ! ' ;
wedi mynd 9n wirjon he:n, ' in his dotage ' ; paid a gneyd dz hy:n m
wirjon, 'don't make a fool of yourself; m daxi n wirjon 9m
b3sta\y vel hyn /, ' how stupid you are to overwork yourself like
this ! ' ; mi es i n wirjon gadal d maifis dn 9 loft, ' it was stupid of
me to leave the matches upstairs '.
gwirjona&i s.m., gwirionedd, D., ' truth ' : deyd z gwirjonab ; — may
hi m berfaQ wirjonati, ' it is perfectly true ' ; — wirjonad inna /,
' dear me ! '
gwirjondab,gurjondab, s., gwiriondeb, D.. * innocentia ' ; 'foolish-
ness ' : gneyd Kigeibdra 9n i wirjondab (wiltinaV), O.H., ' to commit
an act of cruelty in a moment of passion .
gwirjonebol, adj., gwirioneddawl, O.P., ' true, real ' : m wir-
jonebol sa:L
gwirjoni, gurjoni, v., gwirioni, O.P., 'to play the fool'; also
trans. : gwirjoni genad, ' to make a girl love one madly '.
gwi:sg, s.f., pi. gwisgob, gwisg, D., ' dress, clothes ; covering,
husk, etc. ' : d9nas vle:r vydyr m i gwi:sg a i gwaiB, l a slatternly
woman ' ; Keirx wedi tsnny i wi:sg, ' oats with the husk taken off ' ;
gwi:sg 9r arad, ' part of a plough opposite the mouldboard ', ' side
of a plough '.
gwisgi, wisgi, adj., gwisgi, D., ' nimble ' : may o n wisgi i dro:yd,
gwisgi ar i dro:yd.
gwisgo, v., gwisgo, D. (i) 'to dress': may hi y gwisgo am
dani, l she is getting dressed ' ; may hi y gwisgo am dani hi, ' she is
dressing her '. (2) * to dress ' (implying style of clothes worn) :
gwisgo n syvyl, ' to dress plainly '. (3) ' to wear ' (transitive) :
gwisgo r bais a r &lo:s, ' to wear the breeches ' (of a woman) ; —
intransitive : may o y gwisgo n da:, ' it wears well '. (4) ' to wear
out ' (trans.) : du i y gwisgo V9 sgidja ar 9r oxra, ' I wear out my
boots on one side ' ; — intr. ' to wear out, wear away, grow thin ',
used of other objects as well as clothes, e.g. may r garag wedi
gwisgo, ' the stone is worn away ' ; wedi gwisgo i r eda, ' threadbare '.
— used also of persons.
gwiQan, s.f., pi. gwiBenna, gwythen, D., *' vein ' ; also ' vein of
slate, etc.'
gwi:v, s.f., pi. gwivja, gwif, D. ; pi. gwifiau, s.v. ' palangae ' ; 'a
large crowbar used esp. in slate quarries to move a block (pty-'g)
after blasting '.
gwla:d, s.f., pi. gwledyb, gwlad, D. (i) ' country ' (Fr. ' pays ') :
dim ond burn ar 9 wla:d, ' only a burden on the country '. (2)
gwladab — gvunedyn 187
' country ' (Fr. ' campagne ') : m 9 wla:dt ' in the country ' ; mynd
am dro: i r'wla:d, l to go for a walk into the country ' ; dy^gwla.'d
o farad, ' a manner of speech in the country '.
gwladab, adj., gwladaidd, D. (i) 'of the country', 'rustic':
ma na olug gwladab jaun ami hi. (2) ' of a kindly disposition',
' pleasant to deal with ' = baud i dri:n, hmdeiOasol, hmuynasgar,
3$ gneyd m de:g a fault, meun amoda da: a faub (O.H). Cf. B.C.
13- 23-
gwla.-n, s.m., gwlan, D., ' wool '.
gwlanan, s.f., pi. gwlanenni, gwlanen, D., ' flannel ' : knsbas
wtanan, * flannel shirt ' ; pats wlanan, ' flannel petticoat ' ; gwlanan
o dy:n, ' a man of weak character, without backbone ', so r he:n
wlanan J [This term was once applied by a preacher to the
Almighty through the mouth of Jonah, when the destruction of
Nineveh was not carried out. W.H.]
gwlanennur, s.m., gwlanennwr, ' wool-buyer, flannel-maker '.
Cf. Yn union daw'r gwlanenwr, lawn brynwr yn ei bryd. C. —
'CerddyrEdau Wlan'.
gwlasbant, s., gwylmabsant, O.P., ' feast of the patron saint of a
church, wake ' : gwlasbant lanvar, abar, duygyu9l\i — died out about
1 83 2 (O.K.).
gwlasbanta, v., gwylmabsanta, O.P., ' to frequent wakes, make
merry at a wake ' (O.H.).
gwledig, adj., gwledig, D., 'rural': ardal wledig, 'a rural
district '.
gwle:$, s.f., pigwJetod, gwledd, D., ' feast ' : kadugwleti, ' to have
a feast '.
gwlebast, s.f., gloddest, D., ' revelling, carousing, riotous living '
(O.K.).
gwlesta, v., gloddesta, D., ' to carouse '.
gwlt:6, s.m., gwlith, D., ' dew '.
gwliGlau, s.m., gwlithlaw, D., s.v. ' psecas ' ; ' fine drizzle '.
gwliBo, v., gwlitho, D., ' to fall ' (of dew) : may hi y gwli6o, ' dew
is falling '.
gwly:d, s.pl., sing, gwli&in, gwlydd, D., 'sprouts', e.g. of potatoes
coming up — further advanced than e&in : gwfy:d dom, ' chickweed '
(Stellaria media) ; gwly:& geiru = bu:yd gwyba, 4 robin-run-in-the
hedge, goosegrass, cleavers ' (Galium Aparine).
gwly:x, s.m., gwl>>ch, D., 'liquid ' ; ' gravy ' (I.W.).
gwnadyr, gwnjadyr, s.m., gwniadur, D., ' thimble '.
gwnedyn, s.m., pi. gwnjada. Cf. gwyniad, D., s.v. ' sario ' ;
' salmon-trout ' (Salmo trutta) — I.W. ; young salmon (O.H.).
1 8 8 gwneppryd — gwra.'x
gwneppryd, s.m., wynebpryd, D., s.v. ' fades ' ; ' countenance ' :
gwneppryd brunt ssgavn.
gwnidog, s.m., pi. gwentdogjon, gweinidog, D., ' minister '.
gwniyan, m'yan, s.f., pi. gwniyod, niyod, cwningen, D. ; O.F.
conin, connin ; Anglo-French, coning, ' rabbit ' : 9 wniyan.
gwniygi, niygi, s.m., gwenwyngi, ' a jealous man ' ; 'a peevish
man'.
gwni:o, v., gwnio, D. Fut. S. i. gwnt:a, ^.gwni:B, gwni:f. Pret.
3. gwm:o§. Imperative, gwni:a ; gwni:ux, ' to sew '.
gwmQvan, s.m., gwenithfaen, G.O. ii. 177. 6, 'granite' — a
common word in slate quarries. Four varieties are distinguished :
gwniBvan gla:s, gwyn, dy:, and ko:\.
gwm:ur, s.m., gwniwr, O.P., ' one who sews '.
gwnjadrag, s.f., gwniadwraig, D., ' sempstress '.
gwnjadur, s.m., pi. gwnjadurs, gwni'adwr, O.P., ' one who sews '
(O.H).
gwnynfyd, adj., gwenwynllyd, D. (i) ' poisonous'. (2) 'malig-
nant ', e. g. of an ulcer = Udjog. (3) ' keen ' : ma: r gwynt an
wnynjyd. (4) ' spiteful, mean ' : r 0:8 o n rhy: wnynlyd i§o vo ga:l
kur o r zmbcrrel, { he was too spiteful to let him have a corner of
the umbrella '. (5) ' jealous, envious '.
gwnyno, v., gwenwyno, D. (i) ' to poison '. (2) ' to be jealous '.
gwobr, s.f., pi. gwobra, gwobr, D., 'reward, prize'. (Rather
literary, but common in connexion with eisteddfod competitions, etc.)
gweudjo, v., gwawdio, D., s.v. ' ludo ' ; 'to mock, make game
of : mi gw0udjo§ vi, ' he made game of me '.
gwvudjur, s.m., gwawdiwr, B.C. 38. 17, 'mocker, jester'.
gw0udlyd, adj., gwawdlyd, D., ' mocking, derisive ; inclined to
jeer'.
gwaurjo, v., gwawrio, 2 Pet. i. 19. (i) 'to dawn'. (2) 'to
improve ' : may o n dexra gw0urjo is said e. g. of one who has been
in bad circumstances, when things are beginning to improve.
gwrai'8, s.pl., sing, gwr'e'tbm, m., gwraidd, sing, gwreiddyn, D. ;
gwreiddin, D.G. clxxv. 25, ' roots ' ; kodi o r gwraib, ( to root up ' ;
gwraz'8 witf, ' twitch, couch-grass '.
givraig, s.f., pi. gwragaft, gwraig, D. (i) * woman ' (more
complimentary than dwas) ; gwraig d ty:, ' lady of the house ' ;
buru he:n wragab afyn, ' to rain cats and dogs '. (2) ' wife ' : u:y&
o blant o r wraig ganta, ' eight children by the first wife ' ; gwraig
ivayk, ' bride ' ; gwraig we§u, ' widow '.
gwra:x, s.f., pl.gwraxod, gwrach, D., ' hag': koyl gwra:x ar o:l
— gwrido 189
byttayud, ' an old wives' fable '. (For similar expressions cf. D.F.
fx]. n, [45]. 12.) brtykuyd gwra:x m o:l i hufys, "the wish is
Father to the thought"; tre:x duy wra:\ nag y:n (prov.), "two
heads are better than one ". Used also of men : ' an owl ' ; —
gwra:x 9 lydu = gwra:\ 9 tukka, ' woodlouse ', gwrach y lludw,
D., ' cutio, porcellio '.
gwraxan, s.f., pi. gwra\odt gwrachan, D., s.v. 'anicula'. (i)
' hag ', as term of reproach : ta:u r he:n wra\an I (2) This term
is applied indiscriminately to all kinds of sea-bream and wrasse :
gwraxan dy:, ' black sea-bream ' (Cantharus lineatus). Two other
varieties are distinguished : gwraxan go:\ and gwraxan wen. Cf.
also pasgodyn arjan, pssgodyn ayr. — gwraxan 9 ba:u, 'a small
fresh-water fish about four inches long, of a reddish colour, which
lives in still water ' (O.H.), ' ? minnow ' (Leuciscus phoxinus) ;—
gwraxan ba:x, l a kind of bird '. Cf. gwrach y cae (O.P.), ' hedge-
sparrow ', i. e. Accentor modularis.
gwrando, v., gwrando, D. Imperative gwrando, gwranda ;
gwrandux, ' to listen * : gwrando ar 9 pe:6 sy arno vo, ' to brood
over one's illness '.
gwranta, v. (Fut. S. i), warantaf, S.G. 94. 36; wrantaf, S.G.
42. 30; cf. D.G. cxxiv. 31, cxxx. 27: mi gwranta i di, Til
warrant you '.
gwregys, s.m., pi. gwregwa, gwregys, D., ' truss ' (apparatus used
in cases of rupture).
gwrei'8/o, v., gwreiddio, D., ' to take root ' : fig. may o wedi
gwret&jo n 8a: jaun, ' he has remained long in his situation '.
gwreid/ol, adj., gwreiddiol, D. (i) ' thorough, from the root':
dasgy n wrfi'8/ol, ' to learn thoroughly'. (2) ' reliable, true* : may
r pe:B ddu i wedi Sejyd 9m berfaiB wre'ibjol.
gwreigan, s.f., gwreigari, D., s.v. ' vxorcula f ; 'a little woman ' :
may hi n he:n wreigan bra:v, ' she is a fine little old woman ' ; also
' wife ' : 9 wr'tigan afcu, ' the old woman at home '.
gwretxjon, s.pl., sing, gwrei'xjonan, gwreichion, D., ' sparks '.
gwre:s, s.m., gwres, D., ' heat ' : may r ta:n m rhoi gwre:sy ' the
fire is hot ' ; may hi y kodi n wre:s, ' it (the weather) is getting hot '.
gzvresog, adj., gwresog, D. (i) ' hot, heat-giving ': may r glo:
n wresog, ' the coal gives out a great deal of heat '. Also applied to
the weather, — a stronger term than tesog. (2) ' cordial*.
gwri:d, s.m., gwrid, D., ' ruddiness, flushing of the face ' : 9 gwri:d
wedi mynd o r boxa.
gwrido, v., gwrido, D., ' to blush ' : gwrido d at i glistja, gwrido
at vo:n 3 gwa:lt, ' to blush to the roots of one's hair '.
1 9 o gwrinan — gwybal
gwrinan, s.f. Cf. gwirin, D., s.v. ' verminatio ' ; and gwraint,
sing, gwreinyn, ' ring-worm ' : 3 vrinan (O.H.). Cf. derwinan.
gwritgox, adj., gwridcoch, D., s.v. 'ruber'; 'ruddy, rosy-cheeked*.
gwrodan, s.f., gwaroden, S.E., s.v. ' switch ' ; ' rod ' : gwrodan
8eru ne golan i waldjo (O.H.) — thicker and tougher than rhodan.
gwry:x, s.m., pi. gwr^xod, gwr^ch, D., ' hedge '. (Seldom used
= klaub, but klauft gwry.x is in fairly common use to distinguish
from klauft tferig, etc.) ; pbgy gwry:x, ' to bend a hedge '.
gwrym, s.m., pi. gwwmja, gwrimja, gwrym, D., ' a small ridge;
a weal ' : r o:ft 9 yhevn i n wrzmj'a maur vel 3 my:s (JJ .), ' rny back
was covered with weals as big as my finger ' ; — also * a pleat ',
e. g. of a stocking.
gwry:sg, s.pl., sing, gwrysgan, gwr^sg, D., ' small branches cut
off* : gneyd klaub gwry:sg, ' to make a hedge by inserting poles in
the ground and entwining branches between them ' ; gneyd aduy
wry:sg \aduy\.
gwwtym, gwrytym, s.m., ' withe ' (?) : gwrzdyn basgad, ( handle
of a basket '.
gwraxyn, s.m., gwrychyn, D., s.v. 'seta', (i) 'bristles': ka:6
9y kodi i gwrzxyn, ' a cat arching its back ' (kodi i xry>'X is also
heard) ; mi godis 9 ywrzxyn vel bay$ fonSeirjog, ' I bristled up like
a mad boar '. (2) ' blades of grass left standing after the scythe '
(O.H.) ; gwrsxyn arvod, ' such blades left standing between each
sweep of the scythe forward '.
gwramjog, adj., gwrymiog, D., s.v. ' fimbriatus ' ; ' full of ridges,
ribbed ', applied e. g. to the sand of the sea-shore when the tide is
low (J.J.).
gwybad, s.pl., sing, gwybedyn, gwybed, D., ' flies '.
gwydro, v., gwydro, D., 'to glaze '.
gwydrur, s.m., gwydrwr, D., ' glazier '.
gwydyn, adj., sup. gwytna, ' tough ', applied to meat, hay, etc.
(opp. bray) — fig. may o n y:n gwydyn (?n wydyn vel kortyn), ' he is
a tough customer '.
gwydyr, s.m., gwydr, D., ' glass ' : lamp wedi tori i gwydyr, ' a
lamp with a broken chimney'; pa:yn (= kwarat) o wydyr, ' a pane
of glass '.
gwj>:S, s.m., pi. gwtijon, gw^dd, D., ' arbusta, arbores, caules ' ;
gwydd aradr, s.v. 'aratrum'; cf. also W.LI. Ivi. 101, 'plough'
(Pentir, Tregarth, and the neighbourhood of Bangor). Cf. arad.
gwy:8, s.m., pi. gwshibjon, gw^dd pro gwehydd, D., ' weaver '.
gwybal, s.m., pi. gwybelod, Gwyddel, D., ' Irishman '. — As term
of reproach : gwybal hyL
gwyfafas — gwyn 1 9 1
gwyblas, s.f., Gwyddeles, ' Irishwoman ' : bank r ht.-n wy&efas,
name of a sand-bank.
gwytelig, adj., Gwyddelig, 'Irish': t%o: gwyklig, 'a shabby trick'.
gwy:\, adj., gwjch, D., ' splendid, fine, smart ' : guy:* o bt:0 ;
ma na olug gwy:\ ar 9 gwarQag ; dy:n gwy:\ ; gwtiQjur gwy:\ ;
ma na olug gwy:\ ar i waiQ. — Not often used : English words such
as krand, ne'is, smart tend to take its place.
gwylab, adj., gwylaidd, S.E., s.v. ' modest ' ; ' modest '.
gwylan, s.f., pi. gwlanod, gwylan, D., 'sea-gull': gwylan benty,
' black-headed gull ' (Larus ridibundus) ; gwylan vre:\, ' herring-
gull ' (Larus argentatus) ; guy fan wen, ' common gull ' (Larus
canus) ; gwylan Kevn dy:, ' black-backed gull ' (Larus marinus).
gwyl, s., gwyll, D., in phrase /id a gwyl 9 no:s = rhuy day ofa
(O.H.). Cf. D., s.v., ' Yngwyll y nos, Crepusculo vespertine '. Cf.
also gwilfad.
gwy:lt, adj., pi. gwiltjon, gwyllt, D. (i) ' wild = not tamed ' :
dovi anival gwy:lt, ' to tame a wild animal ' ; mo:\ gwilljon, ' wild
boars ' ; kaBod gwilljon, ' wild cats ' ; Kefyl gwy:lt, ' a horse that
has not been broken in'. (2) 'wild, growing wild': mavon
spite of brushing '. (3) applied to what has never been cultivated
(of land) : ti:r gwy^t. (4) ' wild, stormy, raging ' : tu:y% anwadal
gwydt, ' wild, unsettled weather ' ; du:r gwy.lt, ' a strong current ' ;
may hi n veru gwydt, { it is in a wild state of excitement ', e. g.
a meeting ; may o n holiks gwydt, ' he is in a terrible temper '.
(5) * of anything that burns quickly or bursts suddenly into flame,
inflammable ' : glo: gwy:lt, ' coal that burns quickly ' ; dy:n gwy:lt
vel mat/an, ' one who flares up in an instant like a match '. (6)
'quick tempered': dy:n gwydt (cf. the last example); gwy:lt
weydwylt, ' passionate''. (7) ' hasty, apt to act in a hurry '. (8)
' malignant ' : davad wy:lj, ' a cancerous wart '. (9) trayO gwy:lt,
' quicksand ' (O.H.).
gwymmad [gwynab~\.
gwyn, adj., fern, gwen ; comp. gunna\, pi. gun/on, gwynn, D. ;
comp. gwnnach, L.A. 16. 14; G.R. 31. 18 ; pi. g\vnnion, D.F.
[viii] 22. (i) ' white ' : may hi n vy:d gwyn, ' it is a white world '
(after a fall of snow) ; 9 m?mdod 3n i krisa gun/on, ' the mountains
covered with snow ' ; fosab ko\jon gun/on, ' white fox-gloves ' ;
menig gunjon, ' white gloves ' ; r o.yd po:b man 9n wyn o varig,
' everything was white with frost ' ; mi vy:d 9\ pen m wyn pen
•weluxi h9nny, ' your hair will be white by the time you see that ' ;
o r bora givyn dan no:s, ' from early morning till night ' ; Ki:g gwyn,
* fat meat'; gwyn 9 gwe:l 9 vra:n i x*u (prov.). (2) 'white-hot*.
1 9 2 gwynab — gwynt
(3) 'blessed', in phrase gwyn dz vy:d!, 'what a happy man you
are'; similarly: gwyn po:b pe:6 nezvyd (prov.). — As substantive:
(i) ' fat '. (2) ' silver coins ' : o:ys 'g9noxi XWt'X o bre:s m le: xwt-'X
0 wyn ?, ' have you six coppers for a sixpenny piece '. (3) '°desire ' :
gweld i wyn arno, * to like it ' (I.W.).
gwynab, rarely wynab ; gwymmad, wymmad (O.H. always)
(A by-form xwynab, ywymmad also exists, e. g. 9 ty: xwymmad i
V9ny, ' face upwards ' ; dim ar xtvymmad 3 deyar, l nothing on
earth'), s.m., pi. gwyneba, wyneb, D. (i) 'face': ka:l rubaB
gmo vo mor hau§ a tmny la:u hyd i wynab, ' to get something from
him as easily as stroking his face ', i. e. ' for the mere asking ' ;
rhoid wynab agorad ar baub, ' to act frankly towards every one ' ;
deyd rubaB m 9x gwynab, ' to say something before your face '
(opp. 9n 9x Kevn, ' behind your back ') ; deyd rubaB 9n 9x gwynab
no:y&, ' to say something before your very face ' ; gneyd rubaB m
wymmad 9 gsvraB (O.H.), ' to do something in the face of, against
the law'; dal gwynab (z), 'to make believe': / 0:8 o dim sn leikjo
vo o gubul, ond r 0:8 sn dal gwynab 280 vo ; — dal blaud gwynab
\blaud\ ; tmny gwyneba, ' to make faces ' ; tmny gwynab hi:r, ' to
pull a long face ' ; sarBjoft i wynab, ' his countenance fell '. (2) as
term of reproach, implying ugliness : r hem wynab ! (3) ' surface ' :
ar wynab 9 mo:r, ' on the surface of the sea ' ; un i 8tm ar wynab
9 Seyar, ' I have no notion ' ; gwynab 9 dorB, ' the surface of the
loaf; rh0ux bla:t ar i wynab o, 'put a plate over it' (i.e. over
another plate).
'gwynab'galad ; 'gwymmad'galad (O.H.), adj., gwynebgaled,
'bare-faced, impudent' (= talog) : may o mor -wymmad-galad na
neiB rhesum m o i droi o.
•gwynab-gledux, s.m., gwynebgaled wch, ' barefacedness, impu-
dence '.
gwyneby, v., wynebu, D., 'to face ' : Bala fon 8im i wyneby taiB
9n 9r he:n amsar, ' a stick would be useless to face a journey in
old times '.
gwynera : may na fitja gwynera arno vo, ' he is changeable '
(I.W.).
gwynlasy, v., gwynlasu, O.P., ' to turn deadly pale '.
gwynt, s.m., pi. gwyntob, gwynt, D. ( i) ' wind ' : givynt9 duyran,
1 east wind ' ; gwynt maur, ' high wind ' ; gwynt tros 9 ti:r, ' land
wind ' (on the sea) ; may na awal 8a: o wynt heibju, ' there is a good
breeze to-day ' ; / o:s na 8tm x^a: ( = evlyri] o wynt, ' there is not a
breath of wind ' ; / o:ys na 8im digon o wynt i 9sguyd 9 briga, ' there
is not enough wind to move the branches ' ; / 9di r gwynt 8im 9m
buguB, 'the wind is not boisterous'; may r gzvynt 9n vain
(= wnynjyd'), ' the wind is piercing, keen'; may hi y kodi n wynt,
' the wind is rising ' ; may hi wedi kodi nwynt 9n aru jaun, ' it has
got very windy ' ; may r gwynt wedi mynd i laur (tori i laur, huiljo
gwyntog — gmna 1 9 3
/' laur, gostegy, gustun, $i'ha:y\ ' the wind has dropped ' ; may r
gwynt wedi /got', * the wind has changed ' ; r o:& 9 gwynt m * yhevn,
' the wind was behind me ' ; 9y gfosgod 9 gwynt, ' sheltered from
the wind ' ; Xiy gmtad a r gwynt, ' as swift as the wind ' ; farad
i r gwynt, ' to talk nonsense ' ; mynd a i ben 9n 9 gwynt, ' to be at
a loose end, to be harum-scarum, to flaunt about ' ; gwynt te:g ar
d 0.7 <///, ' good riddance ! ' (2) ' breath ' : du i wedi ko[i ywynt,
* I have lost my breath ' ; ka:l givynt, ' to get one's breath ; to have
a moment's rest ' ;. a i wynt m i u&u, ' breathless ' ; r o:& 9 ywynt 9n
9 nurn i, ' my heart leapt to my mouth ' ; kmmux. *X gwynt, l take
your breath ' ; mi byko& 9 kuru ar y:n gwynt, ' he swallowed the
beer at one gulp ' ; — fig. may o n laun o wynt, * he is a frothy man '.
(3) ' draught '. (4) ' wind ' (in the stomach) : gwynt 9$ kasgly. (5)
' inclination ' : / o:s gin i dim gwynt i vynd mo, * I don't feel much
inclined to go there, I don't much care about going there ' ; n?dig
iaun o wynt sy gin mam i&o vo, ' mother doesn't much care for him '.
gwyntog, adj., gwyntog, D., ' windy'.
gwyntyl, s.f., gwyntyll, D., s.v. ' vannus ' ; ' winnowing fan ' :
9 wyntyl i Inay 9r y:d (O.H.).
gwyrb, fern, gwerd, pi. gwar&jon, gwirbjon, adj., gwyrdd, D.,
'green'.
gwyrblas, adj., gwyrddlas, D., s.v. * virido ' ; ' green ' : may r ka:y
9n wyr&las.
gwyrblesni, s., gwyrddlesni, D., s.v. ' viriditas ' ; ' greenness ',
esp. of grass.
gwyro, v., gwyro, D., 'to stoop, bend ' : -vedru\i dim mynd m 9\
sevyl, rhaid i \i wyro ; gwyrux u6 ben 3\ pla:t, ' lean over your
plate '.
gwyrQ, s.f., pi. gurQja, gwyrth, D.; pi. gwrthyev, L.A. 83. 6;
gwrthiau, M.LI. i. 94. 9, ' miracle '.
gwyvo, gwywo, v., gwywo, D., s.v. ' flacceo ' ; gwyfo, C.L.C.
ii. 37. 26; T.N. 74. 2, 'to fade'.
gwyvyd, s.m., gwyddfid, D. : bf'a r gwyvyd, ' honeysuckle *
(Lonicera Periclymenum).
gwyvyn, s., gwyfyn, D., ' moth '. Seldom used.
gW9hiljon, s.pl., gwehilion, D., ' dregs ' (literal and figurative).
gwzfory, v., gweryru, D., ' to neigh ; to guffaw '.
gyr, s.m., pi. garob, gyrr, D., ' flock, drove ' : gyr o tievaid,
warBag, gtfMa, wyba, etc.
gytto, pet name for ( Griffith '.
gyflog [tofilog].
gtnna, adv., gynneu, D., ' just now '.
1438 O
194 garnat — hagar
gzrnat, s.m., 'gurnard': gwnat gre:, garnat sbotjog, 'grey
gurnard ' (Trigla gurnardus) ; garnat ko:x, ' red gurnard ' (Trigla
lineata). — Cf. xurnur.
garur, s.m., gyrrwr, D., s.v. ' exactor ' ; ' driver ' : robin 9 garur,
'gad'fly '; — also ' drover' — properly the assistant ot&pordmon.
gary, v., gyrru, D. (i) 'to drive': gsry 9 we:8, 'to drive the
team ' ; gsry moxyn, ' to drive a pig ' ; r\i: dary ysry vi ar 9
kwestjun, ' you made me ask the question ' ; may o y gary ar i dri:
mt:s, ' he is nearly three months old '. (2) ' to send ' (= anvori) :
gsry Myr, ' to send a letter ' ; gsry govyn, ' to send an invitation ' ;
gary frosod -attynu, ' to send over to them ' ; gary morwyn ar negas,
1 to send a maid on an errand '.
gastifol, \T\pel gdstifol, ' ever so far' : ma: nu wedi mynd 9m del
gistifol (O.K.) = bdstifol.
k
ha:, s.m., haf, D., ' summer ' : durnod kmta r ha:, ' the first day
of summer ' (i. e. May i) ; hannar ha:, ' midsummer ' ; fair vaygor
hannar ha: ; — r ha: &a:x, ' St. Luke's summer ' (but applied to the
end of September).
ha:d, s.m., had, D., 'seed' (in the aggregate). Cf. hadan,
hedyn.
hadan, s.f., pi. hada, haden, O.P., 'a single seed' : hadan o de:,
'tea-leaf '(O.K.).
hady, v., hadu, D., ' to seed '.
hadyd, s.m., hadyd, M.LI. i. 169. i, ' seed-corn'; also 'potatoes
kept for planting '.
hafjad, s., haffiad, ' handful ' : faro i mihafjad o we:lt, o brikja.
haf jo, v., haffio, T.N. 47. 10 ; 225. 5 ; 300. 35. (i) ' to snatch,
snatch at, jump at ' (= hOry i be:B, rieidjo ibe:Q, J.J.) ; ku:n an haf jo
ar i gih'8 ; — paid a haf jo arna i, ' don't jump down my throat '.
(2) ' to gulp ' : hafjo bytta (of human beings or animals) = Ivukjo.
hafla, s.pl., affleu and *hafflau, D. (i) ' grasp ' : lond i hafla, ' as
much as can be grasped by the two hands and arms '. (2) ' clutches ' :
r 0:8 o dn i hafla ; a:B an in/on i u hafla ; a:B o i hafla rhag bla:yn ;
kadu alan o hafla r he:n blismon na.
hagan \agari\.
hagar, adj., hagr, D., ' ugly ' = hyl (but the latter is the ordinary
word) ; tru:y de:g ne hagar } ' by fair means or foul '.
hagry — hampar 195
hagry, v., hagru, O.P., ' to make ugly, become ugly '.
hat, in the expression hai luk I an exclamation equivalent to ' may
it be so, indeed ', e.g. gob'tiQjo by:t hi vffy — wcl, hai luk I
haid, s.f., pi. hi'idja, haid, D., ' swarm ' (of bees) ; ' flock' (of
birds) ; ' shoal ' (of fish) ; * pack ' (of hounds), etc.
haft, s.m., haidd, D., ' barley '.
haint, s., pi. heintja, haint, D., 'epidemic '': may &fya gla:s tn
dfakkax o heintja, ' a green winter is more likely to bring epidemics
with it '.
halt, s.m., pi. hakja, Eng. hack, ' a cut, cleft ' : mi doris hak ar 9
la:u ; — hak m 9 graig, ' a cleft in the rock '. (Cf. agan)
hakjo, v., haccio, C.G.M. 95. 23, Enp;. hack, ' to notch, to cut
marks in a stick ' — the old-fashioned way of keeping accounts.
halan, s.m., halen, D., ' salt ' : pin/in o halan, ' a pinch of salt ' ;
Kettog (halan), ' salt-box ' ; kalan o halan, ' bar of salt ' ; mi ro: i halan
m i bottas o /, ' I'll be even with him ! ', ' I'll have it out with him ! '
= mi ro: i halan ar i vriu o.
hald, s., ? hald, D., ' succussio ' ; R. [the trotting or jogging of a
horse] in the phrase ar i hald as 8o:d ar i hald, ' he came un-
expectedly,— as the whim led him ' ; mi do: i riu durnod etto ar v?
hald, « I shall be turning up again some day '.
-haldi-war, s., ' a ruffian ' (I.W.).
haldjo, haldfan, v. ; cf. haldian, D., s.v. ' nuto ' ; 'to reel ' (of a
drunken man) ; haldjo o r y:n o\or i r lal.
haljo, v., ' to haul ' : haljo ku:\.
ha:lot, adj., pi. heiltjon, hallt, D., ' salty, salt ' (intensified xw*™
ha:lt) : du:r ha:U, ' salt water ' ; Kin haltad a heli trimor (deyvor, day
vo:r), ' as salt as the water of three seas ' ; daxi n i glu:adon ha:^^,
1 does it taste salty to you ? ' — fig. may n ha:U gin 3 yhalon Wyd, ' it
grieves me to say '.
halty, v., halltu, D., ' to salt '.
ham, s.f., pi. hams, 'ham'.
hamfagjo, v. (i) ' to humbug ' (trans.). (2) ' to play the fool '
(u6 bexy, vefavi, vyu n avradlon, etc.). (3) 'to play the deuce with ' :
hambzgjo ijexid. (4) ' to overwork ' : hamfagjo i hynan = bntaxy.
(5) 'to ill-treat'. (All O.K.)
hamftan, s.f., hamdden, D., 'leisure '.
hamftenol, adj., hamddenawl, O.P., 'leisurely': gnfyd rubaB m
hamdenol ; y:n hambenoljaun di o, ' he takes it easy '.
hampar, s.f., hampar o enaQ, ' a romping girl ', ' a torn-boy ' ;
he:n hampar (vydyr)/ (Cf. M.F. rhampen.)
02
1 9 6 hamport — hayhps
hamport (O.H.) ; hamburt (Bangor), s.m., ? Eng. hand-board ;
' a kind of tray formerly placed on the table to hold the tea things,
with one leg supported by three feet and generally made of oak '
(O.H.)— also ' tray '.
hanas, s.m., pi. hanef'on, hanes, D., ' story, history ' : deyt hanas,
' to tell a story ' ; mi dri:fi ga:yl dr hanas gmo vo m bersonol ond
mi veQif, ' I tried to get the story from him personally, but without
success ' ; tasa r he:n sgidja ma n medry farad mi *g0usani dippin o
i hanas o, ' if these old boots could speak we should hear a bit of his
history ' ; — dim hanas ono vo, ' no signs of him '.
handi, adj. (i) 'handy, convenient '. (2) ' quick ' : d#rux lump
0 gaus 9n i ge:g o, mi gnoiQ hunna n o handi, ' put a lump of cheese
in his mouth, he'll chew that quickly enough '.
handlan, s.f., pi. handls, ' handle ', e. g. of a can or bucket. Also
handl. Cf. ko:ys, tro:yd, kly:st, gwwbyn.
hanesyn, s.m., hanesyn, O.P., ' a little story '.
hannar, s.m., hanner, D., 'half: hannar kant o bynna, 'fifty
pounds ' ; may o drost i hannar kant, ' he is over fifty ' ; ?y gant a
hannar o:yd, ' a hundred and fifty years old ' ; blu:yb a hannar,
1 eighteen months of age ' ; hannar aur wediy:n or 8e:g, ' half-past
eleven ' ; hannar dy:b, ' midday ' ; hannar no:s, ' midnight ' ; hannar
koron, ' half a crown ' ; hannar lanu, hannar trai, ' half tide ' ;
hannar Kimmint aral, ' half as much again ' ; mu:y o r hannar, l half
as big again ' ; ma: nu n rhy: va:n o r hannar, ' they are too small
by half ' ; wel gin i o r hannar, ' I had far rather ' ; bron wedi
darvod, nag ar i hannar nag ar i xwartar xwat0> ' nearly finished,
neither half finished nor quarter finished either ' ; r 0:8 na helynt
a hannar, ' there was a terrible row ' ; tori 3n i hannar (tru i
hannar), ' to break, to tear in two ' ; — as adverb : hannar Kiy grmad
a hi:, ' half as strong as she ' ; wedi hannar i lugy, ' half-starved ' ;
mi a:B a r Hi: ar hannar bytta, ' he took the dog away when he
had only half finished eating ' ; hannar pan, " not all there".
hannos \annos}.
hanny, v., hanfod, D., 'to originate, come originally (from)':
pu:y deyly zdi o / may o n hanny alan o hun a hun ; hanny alan o
fi:r vo:n (O.H.). — Somewhat literary.
hanob [ano$\.
hantiks, s., Eng. antics, (Dial.) hantics : mynd tru i hantiks, danos i
hantiks, ' to show his naughty tricks ' ; 'to make an exhibition of
himself.
haykas, haykatf, s.m., pi. harjKetfi, ' handkerchief ' : haykas pokkad.
hayhpjo, hayhfjo, v., 'to handcuff'.
hayhps, s.pl, ' handcuffs '.
hay la — haul 197
hayla, s.f., ' a scolding ' : %hoi hayla i by:n (I.W.).
hapnjo, v., cf. hapio, W.S., ' to happen ' : tary mi hapnjo i weld
o = diguyb.
happys, adj., happus, D., ' happy '.
hapysruyk, s., happusrwydd, D.F. [138], 28; P.G.G. 63. 7,
' happiness '.
harbur, s.m., harbwr, C.L.C. iv. 33. 24, 'harbour'.
hard, adj., harctd, D., ' pretty ' : merx ivayk hard tomynol, ' a
pretty, comely young girl ' ; may hnny n o le:u o hart, ' that is
rather pretty '.
hardy, v., harddu, Rev. xxi. 19, 'to beautify'.
harjo, v., hario, Eng. harry, (i) 'to be tired' (stronger than
blino) : du i wedi harjo n !a:n, ' I am dead tired '. (2) ' to tire ' :
mi haris i nu i£i:d. (3) 'to spoil ' : may gwynt 9 duyran m harjo,
yn dveBa po:b pe:6.
harlig, adj., haerllug, D., s.v. ' importunus ', 'impudens';
' impudent, audacious ; hard, grasping', e.g. of one who drives a
hard bargain.
hard/o [ar&jo~\.
hary [darvod~\.
hasart, s., Eng. hazard, 'risk' : hasart garujaun, 'a great risk'.
ha:st, s.f., hast, C.C. 214. n, ' haste ' : mynd ar ha:st vaur.
hastys, adj., ' hasty, apt to do things hurriedly '.
hatlin, s., hatling, St. Mark xii. 42, 'mite': s gin z dim hatlin,
1 1 have not a brass farthing '.
hat/ad, s.f., ' hatch ' : hatfad o gmijon ; hatfado wenyn> ' a swarm,
hiveful of bees ' ; hatfad o vo:\, ' litter of pigs '.
hau8, adj., comp. haus, hmibax, sup. herusa, heruba, hawdd, D.,
' easy ' : mi vy:8 9n haus i x* vytta na dim by:daral, ' it will be easier
for you to eat than anything else ' ; rhoi dilad meun du:rga:l nu vod
m haus i golxz, ' to put clothes to soak so as to make them easier to
wash ' ; pe bay r wybva y gaus mi v&a n haus ka:l kosyn (prov.),
' if Snowdon were made of cheese it would be easier to get one ',
i.e. ' if ifs and an's were pots and pans, there'd be no trade for
tinkers ' ; — with^/w : may n haus gin ivebul, ' I am inclined to think '.
— Comparative with the verb to be : pu:y haus wSuxi /, ' what will it
avail you ? ' ; vasa r k0ujon dim haus uB gad knstyn oni ba:y vod 9r
ja:r m i valy vo n digon ma:nybynu, ' the chickens would be none
the better for getting a crust unless the hen made it into small
enough bits for them ' ; be du i n haus a mynd ru:an a r tre:n wedi
h\uyn /, ' what is the use of me going now when the train has
started ? ' ; be o:yb o haus a rhoid kweir ido vo ?, ' what was he the
198 haul — heb
better for giving him a thrashing ? ' ; vy:o vo dammad haus, ' he was
none the better for it ' ; ' it was of no avail '.
haul, s.m., pi. h0ulja, hawl, D. (i) 'right' : haul pori devaid a
Qori maun, c the right of pasturing sheep and cutting peat '. (2)
' principal ' : byu ar ar haul, ( to live on the principal ' ; lo:g a haul,
1 interest and principal '.
havaft, adj., hafaidd, D., ' summery '.
havlig, s., haflug, D., ' abundantia, copia ' ; ' a number ', generally
in a derisive sense : ' troop, crew, bevy ' ; havlig o fipfuns, ' a
troop of gipsies ' ; — r hem havlig /
havn, s.f., pi. havna, hafn, F.N. 5. (5). A by-form of kavn, with
the meaning ' hollow '.
havog, s., hafog, D.F. [74]. 21, 'havock'. — Often implies 'a
sudden mishap ' : mi do:0 an havog o la:u ssdyn, a ninna n smmyl
ka:l 9ry:d (O.H.).
hay ; hey (J.J.; O.H.), v., hau and heu, D., ' to sow '.
hayl, s.m., haul, D., ' sun ' : may r hayl dn tunny, ' the sun is
shining ' ; may r hayl ay kodi, ' the sun is rising ' ; may r hayl m
mynd i laur, 3n mynd dan geyra, 9n maxfyd, ' the sun is setting ' ;
may hi n du:ad (= kodi) m hayl, ' the sun is coming out ' ; 9n bgad
(= zy $he:g) sr hayl, ' in the sun ' ; pbdra r hayl, ' rays of the sun ' ;
py:st hayl, ' sun rays seen descending from clouds in the distance ' ;
cf. W.LI. (Voc.), s.v. ' terydr ' ; klip ar yr hayl, ' eclipse of the
sun ' ; dam hayl ar vryn etto^ ' better days will come ' ; hayltommos
0wan, ' the moon '.
hayl, adj., hael, D., ' generous, liberal ' : ha:yl vy:8 h/srwal ar
burs 9 wla:d (prov.), c he cutteth large thongs from another man's
leather ', ' he is liberal at other people's expense '.
ha:yls, s.pl., Eng. (Dial.) hail [small shot, pellets], Sc., Irel.
' small shot '.
ha:yn, s.f., pi. heyna, haen, D., Mayer, film, veneering': du:r
wedi rhewi n ha:yn o re:u arno vo, ' water with a film of ice over it ' ;
ha:yn ar ha:yn, ' layer on layer'.
heb, prep., heb, D. With pronouns: S. i. hebba t, 2.
3. heb&o (vo), hebbi (hi). PI. i. 'heb§on(i), 2. •hebto>x(i)> 3- 'heb§yn(u).
Followed by the vocalic mutation, * without ' : heb i vai heb i eni
(prov.), ' no one is without his faults ' ; heb raid nag axos, * without
any reason whatever' ; heb vlewyn (= beilari) ar i davod, ' without
mincing matters ' ; \tir m o r melys heb 9 \weru (prov.), ' every rose
has its thorns ' ; heb amsar i dim by:d, * no time for anything ' ; mi
g'e'iQ o vod hebbo vo, * he shall do without it ' ; — with dim, ' without
any ' : bara heb dim kodjad, * bread that has not risen ' ; — after
mynd and du:ad, negative of mynd a, du:ad a, e.g. mi eif i heb 9
hedag — heglog 199
pappyr, ' I never took the paper ' ; wedi <ju:ad tub 9r y:n 9 may ot
' he has not brought one ' ; — with verbs (i) ' without ' : heb ubodi\i
X hy:n, ' unconsciously ' ; r oybun i am buy noson heb dtnny »
s&idja o:& ar 3 nrhayd, ' I was two nights without taking off my
boots ' ; mi gwelis i hi heb vebul i gwelt /', ' I saw her accidentally ' ;
mi -lasanu roid o ito vo heb ibo vo ovyn, ' they might have given it
to him without him asking for it '. (2) ' unless ' : / e'yBun i bim heb
i x* daly, ' I wouldn't go unless you paid me '. (3) where in
English a simple negative or ' and ... not ' or 'who, which ... not '
would be more usual : may r korn heb vynd etto, ' the horn has not
sounded yet ' ; mi ro:6 9 Ki: meun kuppurb heb roi tammad o vu:yd
fto vo, ' he put the dog in a cupboard and gave him nothing to eat ' ;
Keirx heb i valy, ' unground oats ' ; gwar&ag ivayk heb g9rab dwluyb
o:yd, ' young cattle under two years old ' ; heb vod in vaur, heb vod
m va:x, ' neither large nor small ' ; dy:n heb vedry farad 9y groyu,
' a man who cannot speak plain ' ; wa:y& &in i ta:ti heb neyd am
draguyboldab a durnod dros ben, ' I should not care if you did not
do so for ever and a day'; — b la:u (=. heb law) = 'besides,
but ' : may rubaQ m 9 nhadu i b lau klo: a \likjad, ' something
keeps me besides lock and latch ' ; . . . a lawar b la:u nu, ' . . . and
many others besides '; pu:y 0:8 yn 9 van na b la:u plismon, ' who
should be there but a policeman '.
hedag, v., ehedeg and hedeg, D. FuL S. 3. hediQ, ' to fly* : / idi
gu:y§ vra:s dim m hedag 9 mhel (prov.), i.e. 'a man of worth does
not go far to be appreciated' ; — also ' to run to seed ' : kabaitfwedi
hedag.
hedjad, s.m., hediad and ehediad, D., f flight ' : do:s ar d injon vel
hedjad bra:n, ' go straight as the crow flies '.
hedyft, s.m., pi. hedzty'on, hedydd, D., 'lark': hedyb 9 mo:rt
' ringed plover ' (^gialitis hiaticula).
hedyn, s.m., pi. hada, hedyn, D., 'a (single) seed': hada mar\
men] ' hips ' ; po:b hedyn o hono vo, ' every scrap of it '.
hedux, s.m., heddwch, D., ' peace ' : xe'$ o Mm mynyd o hebux nes
kodiQ o, ' he won't have a minute's peace till he gets up ' ; — -pnnna
hebux = kay d9 ge:g\ — sstys hedux, 'justice of the peace'; kregin
hebux, ' money '.
hefar, s.f., pi. he/rod, heffer, W.S. [Hecforde], ' heifer \
hegal, s.f., pi. hegla, hegl, D., ' cms, tibia ' ; ' foot, leg ' : miro:6 9r
he:n vyux gik i mi a i hegal. Generally used in the plural, implying
large, clumsy feet combined with lankiness of limb, esp. in a semi-
facetious sense, as tyn d9 hegla atiat o:d arfor, ' take your legs out
of the way ' ; ssmmyd d3 hegla o: na ; paid a hel d9 hegla bydron
hyda i ; maQry gwely bloda hevo i hegla.
heglog, adj., hegla wg, O.P., ' long-legged ' : m heglog ovnaduy ag
2OO hegly — hel
m vaur (O.H., speaking of a dragon-fly). Also applied to a person
with large awkward feet, e. g. turning too much in or out.
hegly ; hegljo (O.K.), v., heglu. (i) 'to be off', "to hook it",
" to kick the bucket " : may o wedi hegly hi, " he has hooked it " ;
may o dgest a i hegly hi, ( he is on the point of death ' ; r otihidgest
wedi hegljo, ' she was on the point of death '. (2) ' to come to
grief, to fail in one's object ' : may o wedi hegljo = wedi meOy i
amkan ; may o wedi hegljo hi, e. g. dexra bysnas ag an me6y.
heibjo, heibio, D., adv. ' past, over, aside ' : mi sgybob heibjo, ' he
rushed past'; may hi wedi troi hunna heibjo, ' she has given that
fellow up ' ; troi arjan heibjo, ' to put money by ' ; he:n sgidja wedi
froi heibjo, ' old boots thrown aside '. — prep. ' past ' : mynd heibjo
ru:iny ' to go past some one '.
heidjo, v., heidio, D., s.v. ' examine ' ; 'to swarm ' : may r le: n
heidjo o bssgod.
heiftan, s.f., haidden, D., ' a grain of barley '.
hei&jannol, adj., haeddiannol, D., s.v. ' meritissime ' ; ' deserved ;
deserving ' : sgurva heidjannol, ' a well-deserved thrashing ' ; u:ti n
he'ity'annol />, ' are you deserving ? ' (O.H.)
he'&jant, s., haeddiant, D., ' deserts ' : may o wedi ka:yl i he&jant,
1 he has his deserts '.
heftju, adv. and s., hediw, W.B., col. 26. 23 ; heddiw, G.R. 65. 19 ;
heiddiw, C.C.M. 34. 13; 128. n, 13, 17, etc.; C.L.C. ii. 28. 27;
heddyw, D., ' to-day ' : usnos i he'ibju, ' a week to-day '.
heiljonys, adj., St. James i. 5, ' liberal, bountiful'.
heini, adj., heinif and heini, D., ' brisk, vivacious, active ' : may
o ny:n heini ar i dro:yd, ' he is nimble on his legs ' ; gu:r heini, * a
fine, brisk man ' ; lavn o 8y:n heini, kayan o hogan heini.
hel, v., hel pro hely, D. Fut. helja. Pret. S. 3. heljob. PI. 3.
helson. Imperative helja ; heljux, helux- ( i ) 'to chase, drive,
drive away ' : hel nu o: na /, ' drive them away from there ! ' (e. g.
to a sheep dog) ; so, hel ar d o:l!, l drive (it) back ' ; hel alan, ' to
drive out ' ; heljux r adar ifur, ' drive the birds away '. (2) f to
drive together, to collect ', esp. hel devaid, e. g. for the purpose of
shearing. (3) 'to drive': hel (= gary) moxyn. (4) 'to collect
together and remove ' : hel d9 bak !, ' otf with you ! ' ; hel Kerig, ' to
remove stones from a field ' ; helux * briuf'on, ' get the crumbs up ' ;
helux 9 lestri bydron ar z tre:, ' take away the dirty things on the
tray'. (5) 'to collect ' (in full hel at i giliti) : may o n hel popped
g'e'iQ o aval 'anynu o he:n beBa, ( he collects all old things he can lay
hands on ' ; hel 3 dre:6, ' to collect taxes ' ; hel arjan (or simply hel\
' to collect (money), in a place of worship or otherwise '. (6) ' to
collect ' (intr.), e. g. of matter : hel at i gilti, ' to form into a compact
held — helm 201
mass ' : pcB gwair wedi hel at i &il& ; also of persons, ' to huddle
oneself, to crouch '. (7) ' to gather ' : hel bloda, ' to gather flowers ' ;
hel kokkos, * to gather cockles ' ; da\i wedi hel tippin go le:u o ve:l i r
ku.'x, 'you have feathered your nest pretty well'. (8) various phrases :
hel d) garkas a fur a til, ' be off with you ! ', so hel d? dra:ydl ;
hel d) brenja I (i. e. "stumps"); may hi n hel gla:u, 'there is rain
coming '; hel {anas/, ' to turn everything topsy-turvy ' ; hel meblja
dru:gt ' to take a pessimistic view of things ' ; helstry:on, ' to gossip ' ;
m hel ag m tri:o ka:l rubaB am dana t\ ' trying to rake up some-
thing about me ' (i. e. against me) ; m hel ag m tp:nt ' to scold ' [hel
by itself in some parts, e. g. Llanuwchllyn, means ' to scold '] ; / o:s
na dim hel a vo:, 'one can do nothing with him '; paid a hel da tylo
hyda i7, ' don't touch me ! '.
hela, v., hely, hela, D., s.v. 'venor' [only in the infinitive], 'to
hunt ' : mynd i hela, ' to go hunting ' ; ku:n hela, ' hounds '.
helaB, adj., helaeth, D., 'abundant'; 'extensive'.
helbyl, s.m., pi. helbylon, helbul, D., 'trouble': meun hellyl
(= po:yn, by:d, trafarff), 'in trouble, in difficulties'; meun helbyl
bli:n (O.H.) ; tru:y helbyl^ 'with a great deal of trouble'; wedi
tmny 3 mei\ja i helbyl, ' after getting the surety into trouble ' ; tmny
pentur o helbyl, ' to draw upon oneself a load of trouble '.
helbylys, adj., helbulus, D., ' troubled, in trouble '.
heli, s., heli, D. (i) 'salt water': heli r mo:r ; — Kin half ad a
heli tpmor, ' as salt as three seas '. (2) ' brine '" (for pickling)0.
helig, s.pl., sing, hehgan, f., helyg, D., ' willows ' : helig melyn,
helig luyd.
heljur, s.m., heliwr, D., s.v. 'venator'. (i) 'hunter'. (2)
' gatherer ' : heljur x^^dla, ' gossip-monger, slanderer ' ; cf. D.
heliwr chwedlau, s.v. ' delator ' ; heljur raks, ' ragman '.
helk, s., ' limp ' : may na helk m i gertad o (W.H. ; J. J. ; O.H.).
Cf. heyk, herk.
v., helcyd, helgyd, D. (i) ' to chase, drive ' : kayl i helKid,
'to be driven from pillar to post'. (2) 'to drag, lug ': be na: i
helKid o mor bel a baygor ?, ' why should I lug it all the way to
Bangor?'; — be ma: pe&a vel hyn wedi helKid mor bel? (3) 'to
search': helttid (=• xwiljo) am arjan (O.H.). (4) 'to speak evil
of: dy:n m helKid pobol eril (O.H.) ; — as substantive: 'trouble,
difficulty ' : may o meun riu helkid o hy:d (O.H.).
helkjan, v., ' to limp ' (W.H.). Cf. heykjan, herkjan.
helm, s., pi. helma, helem, C.C. 372. 13 ; Eng. (Dial.) helm [a
shed in the fields for the shelter of cattle when turned out to
pasture; a hovel or hut], n.Cy., Yks., Lin.; 'shed for storing hay
consisting of four supports and a roof.
202 help — he:n
help, s.m., help, D., * help ' : / o:ys na dim help (/ o.ys m o r help),
' there is no help for it ' ; / o:s gin i dim help, ' I can't help it '.
helpjo, helpy, v., helpu, D., s.v. ' auxilior ' ; helpio, St. Luke x. 40,
' to help ' : may hi n medry helpy dippin arno vo, * she is able to be
of some help to him ' ; dy:n a i helpjo /, ' Heaven help him ! ' ; —
dyu a m helpo i !
helu, s. Cf. bod ar helw un, ' possideri ', D., s.v. ' elw*. A by-
form of elu, only used in phrases of the form / o.ys gin i dim fzrliy
ar v? helu, ' I do not possess a farthing '.
helva, s.f., pi. helveyb, helfa, O.P., f a certain portion of mountain
land from which the sheep are collected periodically at one great
drive '.
helynt, s.f., pi. hebntjon, helynt, D., < iter, venatio '. (i) ' trouble ' :
diwad ar helynt ma, 'the end of this trouble' (i.e. the strike at
Bethesda) ; may r helynt drosod, ' the trouble is over ' ; be di r
helynt sy 'arno\i ru:an /, ' what is troubling you now ? ' ; / o:s na
dim vaur o helynt ami hi, ' there is nothing much the matter with
her ' ; hebntjon 3 by:d ma, ' the troubles of this world ' ; mi vy:d
helynt amma heno, ' there will be trouble (a fuss, a bother) here
to-night ' ; vy:d m helynt 'arnoxi!, f you'll get into a row ! ' ; mi
'vasaxi meun helynt bra:v vory !, ' you would find yourself in a
pretty pickle to-morrow ! ' (2) ' state ' (of health, affairs, etc.) :
gadux i mi glu:ad 3 ijhylx ?X helynt, ' let me hear about you '.
Cf. G.R. (2). 5.
he:n, adj., comp. hy:n, hmax, eq. hmad, sup. hma, hen, D., ' old ' :
he:n u:r, he:n dy:n, he:n bobol, he:n grjadyr ; — du i n hy:n o gurs
maur na vo: (O.H.), *I am much older than he ' ; peidjux a kodi
he:n beQa, ' do not rake up old sores ' ; wedi mynd an wirjon he:n,
'in his dotage'; wedi he:n gavino, 'after long habit'; r he:n a
u:yr a r ivayk a dabja (prov.), ' the old man knows, and the young
man thinks (he knows) ' ; ialy r he:n a du:yn a newyb \du:yn\ ; pryn
he:n pryn e'ilwaQ \eilwa&\ ; — used very frequently in a derisive or
derogatory sense, or sometimes merely in an intensive sense : he:n
gi: ba:x /, ' the wretched dog ! ' ; he:n benKi adi r hogyn na, ' that boy
is a stubborn fellow ' ; he:n voxyn bydyr !, ' you dirty pig ! ' ; peidjux
a mynd ar gwyl plant ty: nesa, ma: nu n he:n blant rhy: §ru:g,
' don't go near the children next door, they are too ill-behaved ' ;
so of various depreciatory epithets male and female, as he:n wa/x,
soppan, wep, wlanan, x^islan^ bembul gwirjon, grimpin, etc., etc. ;
he:nfurna ovnaduy, ' a terrible journey ' ; he:n waiQ ka:s ddifevjo,
* shaving is an unpleasant business ' ; may r moxyn wedi gneyd he:n
lanast 9mma, ' the pig has made a nice mess here ' ; he:n hogla dru:g
jaun adi hunna, ' that's a very nasty smell ' ; he:n beQa gwirjon,
' stupid things ' ; he:n lol, ' nonsense ' ; he:n dro:!, ' what a nuisance ! ' ;
riu he:n gut ba:x o he:n dy:, ' an old hovel of a house ' ; gneyd riu
he:n su:n dru:g, ' to make a nasty noise ' ; riu he:n gastja dru:g,
henaint — herk 203
' mischief. — Sometimes hen when not emphatic, especially in the
secondary sense.
htnaint, s.m., henaint, D., ' old age ' : bant henaint dim i hynan
(prov.), 'old age does not come alone', i.e. brings evil in its
train.
hendra, s., hendref, D. (no meaning given), Mow-lying in-
habited country ' ; ' lowlands as distinguished from the mountain
pastures where the sheep are in the summer ' : mynd a r devoid o r
hendra i r rmnyb (]•]•)•
heneity'o, v.} heneiddio, D., ' to become old '.
heno, adv. (used also substantively), heno, D., ' to-night ' : may
n noswaO brav heno, * it is a fine night ' ; mi ba:u o heno ne vory, ' he
will come to-night or to-morrow ' ; mi rieiQ 9 tro: am heno, ' it will do
for to-night '.
henu [enu~\.
heygaL adj., hengall, 'old-fashioned* (applied to children),
J.J. ; O.K. ; di:ar annul/ nt idin edra\ m heyga[I (J.J.).
heyk, s.; cf. M.F. hengc; Eng. (Dial.) henk [to limp; to dance
awkwardly], Sh., I., ' limp ' : may heyk mo vo (J.J.)-
heykjan, v. ; cf. M.F. hengcian : heykjan Kerbad (J.J.).
hepjan, v., heppian, D., ' to doze '.
heplas, eplas, s.m., heples, R., ' sponge ' (in making bread). Cf.
tplesy.
heppil, s.f., heppil, W.B., col. 31. 7 ; D., s.v. 'concubo' ; P.G.G.
254. 7 ; hepil, W.LI. xx. 70; eppil, D., ' family ', but only used in
a derogatory sense : ' brood, crew ' ; ' a pack of rascals ' : hun a hun
a i heppil; rhe:n heppil I, heppil -qydanu zri-oyd (J.J.) ; riu he:n heppil
•ayhmnas, — ga:s, — aru (O.H.). Cf. piljo.
her, s., hyrr and herr, D., ' a provoking ' ; 'a challenge ' : du i
wedi derbyn d9 her di, ' I have accepted your challenge '.
hergud, s., hergwd, O.P., ' a push ' : mi rois i hergud ibo vo nes
tio vo s9rBjo ar laur, ' I gave him a sudden push and knocked him
down '.
herjan, herjo, v., hyrrio, ymherrio, D., s.v. 'prouoco'; herian,
T.N. 89. 7. (i) ' to provoke, to nag at ' : may o n herjan (=plagjo)
arna i (J.J.) ; herjan ar igilib (= kodi kneks, rmgerjan, E.J.) ; herjan
ru:in nes gwiltiQ o (O.K.). (2) ' to challenge '. (3) « to warrant ' :
mi d? herja (= d^feia) i di mo:d i njaun (O.H.).
her jog, adj., heriog, G.O. i. 8. 28, * contumacious ' (O.H.).
herjur, s.m., ' one who challenges '.
herk, s.f., here, O.P. [A jerk forward], ' limp ' : may herk mo vo,
o herk no vo, herk ve\an (O.H.; so also I.W. ; J.J. had
2 O4 herkjan — hevo
heyk, not herk. Cf also helk ; — herk appears to be the most usual
form). Cf. C.C. 173. 19. Nac un here na allom roddi Gownt oi
blegid heb gwilyddio — which is possibly the same word. It is
glossed, however, in the margin by ' gweithred '.
herkjan, v., hercian, O.P. [to reach forward quickly], ' to limp,
hobble ' (of a lame man or old people) ; ' to slouch ' : dakku vo n
mynd dan herkjan, ' there he goes hobbling along '. (J.J. had also
heykjan!)
herko, s., hanercof: r he:n hannar herko gwirjonf, 'the daft fellow !'
herjyd, adj., herllyd, ' contumacious ' : an herlyd ag an gekrys
(O.H.).
herob \neroti\.
herwa, v., herwa, D.,'profugere, exlex vivere'; R.B. 57. n ; D.G.
ccxxii. 40, ' to wander at night ' (of cats) : kaBod in mynd i herwa.
hesban, s.f., hespen, D., ' fibula ' ; Eng. hasp ; (Dial.) hesp, ' a
piece of iron for fastening a door on the outside, secured by a piece
of wood inserted through a staple '.
hesbin, s.f., pi. sbsrnjad (J.J.), hespin, D., s.v. ' ovicula ' ; 'a ewe
of a year old '.
hesbmux, s.f., pi. mo:\ hesbinux', hesbinhwch, O.P. : hu:x ivayk
heb dori ami (J.J.).
hesburn, s.m., pi. sfarnjad, hespwrn, D., s.v. ' ovicula ' ; 'a sheep
of a year old '.
tog-, s., h&sg, D., ' sedge'.
het, s.f., pi. hetja, hett, D. ; D.G. vii. 10 ; Ixxxv. i, ' hat': koryn,
kantal het, ' crown, brim of a hat ' ; het we:lt, ' a straw hat ' ; het
silk, ' a top hat ' ; ka:yl le: i roi het ar ho:yl, ' to get a place to hang
up one's hat ', i. e. * to marry a woman and live with her parents or
in her home ' ; rhoi i het am i ben, ' to put one's hat on ' ; — as term
of reproach : ar hem het wirjon /
he&, s.f., cf. M.F. heth, term applied to cold, windy, snowy
weather, e'ira, rhe:u a gwynt m sgsBry po:b pe:B ag an h'xfo fyux'veyb
dros ben a kloty'a (O.H.) ; may an heB vaur jaun (JJ). Cf.ja:0.
heul, s.f., heol, D.; hewl, C.C. 30. 6, ' farm-yard ' = ly:arB (O.K.,
who frequently uses the word) : heul ar eval, ' an enclosed space
where horses are placed preparatory to being shod ' (O.H.).
hevo ; havo (J.J. frequently), prep., hefo, efo. Originally ef a,
* he and'. Cf. L.A. 79. 2, ' ef a barnabas ' ; ' with '. (i) ' in com-
pany with, together with ' : du:ad hevo xi, ' to come with you ' ;
du:ad hevo (= a) r davod, (to bring the sheep' ; a:B o hevo r Mi:,
1 he took the dog away ' ; may o wedi mynd a r vasgad hevo vo, ' he
has taken the basket with him ' ; na: i dim mynd a vo: hevo mi, ' I
hevran — hfyarn 205
shan't take it with me ' ; rhaid i \i ga.yl sgurs hevo vo, ' you must
have a talk with him '. (2) ' with ' in an attributive sense, intro-
ducing an adjectival or adverbial clause (generally expressed by a) :
dym hevo het vaur am i ben, ' a man with a large hat on '. (3)
' with ' (followed by a word expressing instrument or means), ' by ' :
mi doroto i by:s hi n sy:6 hevo kpmman, ' he cut her finger clean off
with a sickle ' ; mi vrivi di hevo ghiti n, ' you will hurt yourself with
those ' ; bar a wedi neyd hevo haib a gwem'6, ' bread made of barley
and wheat ' ; hiru\ hi n re'it da: hevo bun, ' smear it well with this ' ;
hevo 'bysabaud, ' with finger and thumb ' ; hevo kannuy^ * by candle-
light ' ; mynd hevo r t%e:n, ( to go by train '. (4) ' with, with respect
to ' : ma: by:d ovnaduy hevo *//', ' there is no end of trouble with
you ' ; syt 8o:0 i hevo x*V, ' how did you get on ? ' ; da\i wedigor/an
( = darvod) hevo rhei n ^ ' have you done with these? ' ; vedrun i m
9 myu neyd dim hevo vo, 'I could do absolutely nothing with
him ' ; may r amsar m mynd am bo:yn hevo nu, ' time becomes a
burden to them ' ; may hi wedi bo:d mfair hevo mi hei^ju, ' I have
been very busy to-day ' ; pen 'V9ba\i ar laur hevo menyn ne rubaQ,
' when you run short of butter or anything * ; mi eif i lerpul hevo
glhyu, ' I went to Liverpool about my hearing '.
hevran, v., Eng. (Dial.) haver [to talk in a foolish, incoherent
manner ; to talk nonsense], Sc., Irel., Nhb., Cum., ' to speak evil of :
dym m hevran dmas m i x*vn (O.H.).
hevyd, conj. and adv., hefyd, D., ' also ' : mi &a:u vel na hevyd,
1 that will do too ' ; mi da:u ?x adag \iQa hevyd, ' your time will
come too ' ; by& a hevyd, ' for ever and a day '.
hevys, s.pl. ; cf. Ene:. heave, ' swell ' (at sea) : 3 mo:r m riu hevys
maur ar o:l storom (O.H.). Also Bangor. Cf. Py ceit i riw hefis
go rymus i roch, Dy ddiwedd rwi'n coelio fudd cario nod coch.
B.— (Ellis Roberts).
hey \hay\.
hcyarn, haiarn, Non Haearn aut Hayarn aut Hauarn, D., s.m.
(i) ' iron ' : heyarn buru, ' cast iron ' ; vel heyarn sbayn o galad,
1 as hard as Spanish steel ' (said of a man who cannot be turned
aside from his intention). (2) applied to various instruments made
of iron: heyarn knula, 'snuffers'; hey arm (heyyrns) ta:n, 'fire-
irons ' ; he'yyrn kwik, ( curling tongs ' (O.H.) ; heyarn guQjo, * an
instrument for clearing away the top layer of peat when bringing
peat-land under cultivation ' ; heyarn troi (in slate quarries), ' an
instrument used when a flaw (klystari) appears in pillaring, in order
to keep the line, if possible, from slanting off to one side ' (J.J.) ;
' a piece of rail which is placed over another and forms a kind of
point by which trucks can be diverted on to another tramway'.
(3) adjectively : ' iron, made of iron '.
206 heyfy — hik
heytiy, v., haeddu, D., ' to deserve ' : may o n heydy i grogi, ' he
deserves to be hanged '.
heylo, v., heulo, D., ' to shine ' (of the sun) : may hi n heylo, ( the
sun is shining ' ; may y kodi i heylo, ' the sun is coming out '.
heylog, adj., heulog, D., s.v. 'apricus'; 'sunny*.
heynan, s.f., ' film '. Cf. hayn.
heyntys, adj., heintus, O.P., ' infectious ' : may hi n heyntys, ' it is
infectious '.
heyry, v., haeru, D., ' to affirm, assert ' : paid a heyry Keluyb, ( do
not persist in what is an obvious lie '.
heyur, s.m., hauwr, St. Matt. xiii. 3 ; hdwr, D., s.v. ' seminator ' :
' sower '.
hi.", not stressed hi, often i\ conjunctive form hi6at emphatic
'hi:, pron., hi, ' she, it ' : mi eif i ywarvot i, ( I went to meet her ' ;
gwelt i, ' to see her ' ; gneyt i, ' to do it ' ; mi do:0 z, ' she came ' ;
hi (sometimes o) is also used for impersonal ' it ' : may hi m bra:v,
' it is fine ' ; so also dma hi(:) (often z) — dma vo(:), ' that's it '.
As complement to i ' her ' : i Ba:t i, i gu:r (fi)z\ imha:p i, i fen (h)i,
' her father, husband, son, head '.
hidil, adj., hidl, D., ' dropping as out of a sieve ' : r 0:8 o y kri:o
n hidil 8agra, ' he was weeping copiously ' ; so r o:d hi n tu:alt
dagra dn hidil, dagra o r bgaid 3n hidil; — may o v el gogor hidil,
said of a man who cannot keep a secret.
hidjo, hitjo, v., G.O. ii. 140. i; hidio, T.N. 22. 37, 'to care,
heed ' : hitjo dim dn ne:b, * not to care a jot for any one ' ; hidjo r
y:n blewyn (r y:n tattari), ' not to care a jot ' ; du i 8im in hitjo
hdnny 'mox^ ' I don't care that for you ' (snapping the fingers) ; so
klep ar 3 maud / be du i n hidjo ano vo ? ; — hidjux be vo, ' never
mind it ' ; hidjux oe vo vo:, ' never mind him ' ; vy:8 hi dim m hidjo
i ne:b smokjo ymma, f she doesn't care for any one to smoke here ' ;
hidjun i 8z'm govyn ibo vo, ' I have a great mind to ask him* ; du i n
hitjo dim lawar am dano vo, ' I don't care much for it '.
hidlan, s.f., cf. hidl, D., ' strainer ' (for milk, etc.).
hidlo, v., hidlo, D., 'to strain ' : hidlo r layd ; — fig. ' to be unable
to keep a secret '.
h&ig, s.m., huddygl, hiddygl, D. ; hiddigl, B.C. 95. 26, 'soot' :
may o wedi du:ad vel htiig i bottas, ' it has come like soot into the
broth', i.e. suddenly, unexpectedly; so mi e'i6 vel hibig i bottas.
hik, s.f., pi. hikjat Eng. (Dial.) hick, a form of hack. [The latter
has in Sc. the meaning ' a mark, notch ; a deep cut, a fissure '.]
' slit, crack ' applied to the narrow holes for ventilation in barns,
a crack in a door, the hands, etc. ; r o:d i dylo n hikja igid, ' her
•hik-hak — hiraB 207
hands were cracked all over ' ; os gritiB ihik -?nynu mibaran in hu:\,
* if she makes a slit in them (the flower stalks) they will last longer ' ;
du:y hik 9 mlayn i gly:st> describing a sheep's ear- mark.
•hikhak, adv., ' jagged ' : tori pappy >r m 'hik-hak (E.J.), ' to tear
paper in a clumsy manner so as to give it a jagged edge ' ; of
speech) 'slow and blundering' (I.W.).
hikjo, v., 'to split, crack ' : r o:t i het wedi hikjo a m'eyty (E.J.).
Mdfoi, s.m., 'slit' (E.J.).
hi:l, s., hil, D., ' suboles, proles, posteri ', in the phrase hi:l £ert, as
jrh£i dru:g -ydynu o hi:l gerb, ' badness runs in the family', ' evil is
inbred in them ' ; du i n nabod nu o hi:lgerd, * I know the stock they
come from '.
hiljo, v., hulio, Prov. ix. 2 ; hilio, D.F. [92]. 7. 22; Eng. (Dial.)
hill [to cover up or over, etc.], « to cover ', only used of a table
spread : pen eij i mo r o:d 3 burb wedi hiljo (JJ.), ' when I went
there the table was spread '.
hiljogaB, s.m., hiliogaeth, D., ' stock ' : puy hiljogaB idi of, 'of
what stock is he ? '
htm&a, s.f., hindda, D., 'fair weather' : os kyl 9 glau | o r duyran
9 da:u, | os kyl sr himba | o r duyran da:u hiBa, ' if the rain is lost it
comes from the east ; if the fine weather is lost it also comes from
the east'; na:B i dim ton (= eguf) o himSa he&ju (O.K.), 'there
has not been the slightest lull in the bad weather to-day ' ; kodi n
himba, ' to clear up '.
ht:n, s.f., hin, D., ' weather ' (rare = tuyti) : may n SrzkKm
ovnaduy, t adi o dim m fit i \i vynd ; rhosu\ tan fy:8 hi n hi:n 8a:y
1 the weather is extremely bad : it is not fit for you to go. Wait
until the weather clears ' ; newid yr him, ' change in the weather '.
hindgin, s., ' hinge '.
hinsaud, s.f., hinsawdd, ' climate '.
hi:r, adj., comp. hu:y, hira\, eq. ky:d, sup. huyay hir, D., ' long ' :
ky:d a hun, l as long as this ' ; ky:d a heity'u ag mory, ' as long as
to-day and to-morrow ' (used facetiously of something very long) ;
fariQ o dim ky:d, ' it will not last so long ' ; Kin bo hi:r, ' before
long' ; 9 mhen hi:r a huyr, * at last, at long last'; gobeiOjo na ne'if
hi dim para n hir, * I hope it won't last long ' ; may n hi:r ?y knesy,
' it (the weather) is long getting warm ' ; da\i y gweld yr adag ?n
hi:r ?, ' does the time seem long to you ? ' ; vy:d hi dim sn hi:r ru:an,
* she won't be long now ' ; 3 dy:d huya, * the longest day '.
hirad, irad, s., iraid, D., ' grease for greasing axles, etc.'
hiraB, s.m., hiraeth, D., ' longing ' : may m fyndan veftiginjaB at
bo:b pe:B ond rhak hiraB, ' there is in London a remedy for every-
208 hirbuyB — hoi
thing except to keep off longing ' ; may gmo vo hiraB ar i hola
nu, ' he misses them ' ; hiraB am gartra, ' home-sickness '.
hirbuyB, s., hirbwyth, i.e. ' long stitch*, in the exp. du i dim ond
am roid riu hirbuyB a brasbuyB m hun, * 1 am only going to put
a few hurried stitches in this'.
fa'rdyd, s.m., hirddydd, G.R. 2. 10, ' long day ' : o:d m hirtyb m
r ha:.
hireyBy, v., hiraethu, D., ' to long ' : hireyBy ar o:l i gartra.
hirgrun, adj., hirgrwn, D., s.v., < cylindrus ' ; « long and round,
oval', often applied to stones, and generally in a somewhat dis-
paraging sense : ly:d ma a r y:n hirgrun na ; ma: r hem be6
hirgrun na n Sigon hi:r i vynd trutii hi (i.e. the wall); — applied
also to persons : riu hem by:n hirgrun. (All O.H.)
-hirheglog, adj., hirheglawg, O.P., ' long-shanked '.
hirlum, s., hir and llwm, in the phrase hirlum 9gwanwyn, applied
to March and April : — may hirlum 9 gwanwyn wedi du:ad (O.H.).
hirnos, s., hirnos, B.C. 73. 20, * long night' : ar hirnos *> geya,
1 on a long winter's night '.
hiro, iro, v., iro, D., ' to grease ' : hiro sgidja a sai'm, ' to grease
boots ' ; fig. hiro dylo, ' to bribe ' (= rhoi Ki:l durn).
hirtjo, v., hurtio, D., 'to lose one's senses; to be dazed, "mithered";
to become weak in the head ' : du i dgest a hirtjo, ' I am almost
driven out of my senses'.
hirvain, adj., hirfain, ' slender ' : dmas hirvain.
hirvys, s.m., hirfys, ' middle finger ' [^.'JJ.
•hi'.rwyntog, adj., hirwyntog, ' long-winded '.
hislan \hzslay\.
hitjo, v., Eng. heed \hidj 6\.
hitjo, v. (i) ' to hit ' : may o n i hitjo hi bo:b hnnig, ' he hits it
every time ' ; mi hitja i di nes babi di m p0uljo, ' I'll knock you
sprawling'. (2) 'to happen*: hitjo bo:d zno, 'to happen to be
there '. Cf. T.N. 134. 3. Os hitiais i siarad yn rhy ffest.
hi6a, pron., hithau. Conjunctive form of hi:, ' she also ' : mi rois
i o tit hi, ag mi ro:B hi6a hun i minna, ' I gave it to her and she
gave this to me '.
htv/Oy v., hifio, D. (i) ' to heave ' : hivjun /, ' pull away, lads ! '
(O.H.). (2) 'to pluck off, to cut off (esp. wool) clumsily, with
difficulty ' : tmny r gwla:n o:b ar ^ Savad dn ansbarBys — •• hivjo sn
le: kneivjo am vo:d 9 gwala heb vi:n (J.J.) ; hivjo hem bavad wedi
maru (O.H), ' to pluck the wool off a dead sheep '.
hob, s. = hobad (O.H.).
hob ad — hoi tin 2 09
hobad, s.m., hobaid, D., 'modius'; 'a measure of corn, about
244 Ibs/ (O.H) = sa\ad ; pedwar talbo (talbo = about a quart) =
\wart maur ; pedwar j<warf maur = Kibin ; uy:6 g^bmnad = hobad
fi:r gnarvon, hobad baygor ; day hobad baygor = tri hobad konuy ne
abar&ela = pegad (O.H.).
-hobidi'hoi, excl. of delight (O.H.).
hobl, s., Eng. hobble ; meun hobl, ' in a scrape, in an awkward
predicament '.
ho/ol, adj., hoffol, = hofys, which is the commoner form.
hofys, adj., hoffus, ' lovable, attractive, taking ' : r o:yb rubaB
hofys 3no vo, ' there was something lovable in him '.
hog, s., in phr. na:nu dim hog, ' they will not do a stroke '.
hogan, s.f., pi. gennod, hogen, R., ' girl ' (the usual word ; — &ena6
is less common) : hogan ivayk, 'young girl up to the age of about 21 '.
hogi, v., hogi, D. Imperative hoga, ' to whet ' : kalan hogi,
' whetstone '.
hogla (rarely ogla), s.m., arogleu, L.A. 52. n. = 'odorem* ;
81. 15; S.G. 10. 14; D., s.v. 'rentifolia', 'spiritus'; B.C. 55. 2;
'rogle, C.C. 26. 20; aroglau, M.LI. i. 81. 4. (D. has arogl in the
W.-L. part, but this is a ' learned' formation), ' smell ' : hogla da:,
hogla dru:g, ' pleasant, bad smell ' ; daxi y klu:ad hogla bakko ?,
' do you smell tobacco ? ' ; klyux 9 gwahanjaG hogla, ' smell the
difference '.
hogla, v., ' to smell ' = klu:ad.
hoglayk, s.m., hoglangc, G.O. i. 124. i ; 158. 10, ' a young fellow
up to the age of about 21'. The preceding stages are krub and
krumfast.
hogleyo, v., arogleuo, cf. M.A. i. 253. 18, 'to smell' (trans, and
intr.) ; intr. generally used of a bad smell, ' to stink '.
hogyn, s.m., pi. hogja, hogyn, R., ' boy ' (the usual term ; — ba~xgan
is not often used in this sense) ; krumfast o hogyn, ' a big strapping
lad'.
hoi, s., Eng. (Dial.) hoy [in wrestling, the throw of an adversary],
Nhb., rhoi hoi, ' to administer punishment in a playful manner,
generally by two men holding the culprit by the arms and another
by the legs, and a fourth smacking him behind ' (O.H.) : rhoi hoi
i ru:in am re£i ; kal hoi hevo rha:u, etc.
hoiljo, v., hoelio, D., ' to nail '.
hoit, s., cf. hoit, M.F. ; Eng. (Dial.) hoyt [a long rod or stick],
Lan., ' a whip with a long handle and long lash used when driving
a coach with three or four horses '.
hoitin, s.m., cf. Eng. (Dial.) hoit [a foolish, awkward, clumsy
1138 P
2 1 o hoitjo — hodt
person ; a fool, simpleton, etc.], Scv Nhb., Yks., Lan., ' a foolish
fellow ' ; hb'itin medu, ' a drunken sot '.
hoitjo, v., hoetio, T.N. 329. 3, 'to play the fool ', esp. of an old
man who goes after women : he:n &y:n an hoitjo am verxaid; mynd
i hoitjo gin wirjoni.
hod, ho:yl, s.m., pi. (ti}oljon, ol, D., ' mark, trace, track ' : be di r
ho:l na sy ar da wymmad di ?, ' what is that mark on your face ? ' ;
may ho:yl ?x law ard pappy r, 'there is a mark of your hand on the
paper ' ; hod bodjo, ' thumb-mark ' ; may hod z\ tro:yd 9n 9 ba:u,
' there is a mark of your foot in the mud ' ; ho:yl kri:o maur arno
vo, ' the marks of much crying on his face '.
holbran, s.f., pi. holbrenni, rholbren, R., ' rolling-pin '. Of two
kinds, one smooth for making pastry, the other rough for grinding
oat-cake in order to make/0/. As term of reproach for a woman :
r he\n holbran wirjon.
holi, v., holi, D. (i) 'to ask questions': holi (m 9r asgot), 'to
ask questions round a class ' ; holt am, ' to ask about ' ; holi a stiljo,
* to inquire persistently, to cross-examine'. (2) 'to sue': holi
meun ly:s.
holiks, s. : may o n holiks gwydt, ' he is in a terrible temper ' ;
fy:d zn holiks 'arnati ' you are in for it '.
holma, kolma, Mmjan, holmjo, kolman, kolmjo, v. (i) 'to potter
about ' : wedi bo:d an rula m holmjo ; wedi mynd i holmjo i rula.
(2) ' to talk nonsense ' : paid a holmjo.
holmyn, s.m., cf. holmun, C.F. 1890, p. 333. ir, 'a worthless
good-for-nothing fellow'; he:n holmyn gwirjon ; — wedi mynd zn
holmyn gla:n, e.g. through drink.
holo ; also holuy (I.W.), adj., ' hollow '. Sometimes expressed by
gWKg, gwagle.
holpjo, v., 'to talk incoherent nonsense ' : holpjo farad m wirjon,
said of a drunken man.
holpyn (J.J.; O.K.); hylpyn (I.W. ; ' O.H.), s.m., fern, holpan,
hylpan, cf. holpyn, M.F., ' fool, sot ' : un yn cerdded o amgylch heb
amcan yn y byd ganddo (JJ.) ; y:n wedi kad kam — basa vo njaun
tasa vo wedi kal i waret'8/o (O.H.) ; he:n holpyn medu, ' drunken
sot' (O.H.); hylpyn penywiban (I.W.).
ho:l, adj., holi, D., ' all, (the) whole ' ; w hod vy:d, 9r hod usnos
(more often expressed by i gi:d, ar hy:d, etc. — Sometimes ho:U as
i hodt a]y.
holol, adv., hollawl, D., s.v. ' omnino ' ; ' quite, entirely ' ; yn
holol wahanol, ' quite different '.
hodt, s.m., pi. holta, hollt, D. (r) ' cleft, split, slash ' : hodt meun
stslan, ' a cleft in a plank ' ; du i wedi tori hodt ar 9 ywynab, ' I
ho\tan — hos 211
have cut my face open '. (2) a sheep's ear-mark so called : ' a
horizontal slit at the tip of the ear ' [no:d]. (3) in slate, etc.,
' cleavage ' : may ho:[t ar 9 garag.
ho[tan, s.f., hollten, dim. of above.
hop, v., hollti, D. Put. S. 3. ho[tiB, hy:\f. Imperative holla, ' to
cleave, split ' : holfa i benno, ' cleave open his head ' ; mi ^loffob i
galon (fig.), ' he broke his heart ' ; hoffi le\i, ' to split slates ; ; to{/i
blewyn (fig.), ' to split hairs ' ; ma: r maid wedi ho(fi n buy, ' the
party is split in two '.
holtur, s.m., holltwr, O.P. (in slate quarries), 'splitter', i.e. one
who splits kbtja into sglodjon by means of a ky:n manoff.
honfyst, s.f., cf. hunffost M.F. and (?) honffest, ' pais ', W.LI.
(Voc.), term of reproach for a woman : weli di be u:ti wedi neyd, r
he:n honfyst vaur i ti! (O.H.). Cf. fomfost.
honni, v., honni, D., ' publicare ' ; 'to assert ' : du i n honni bod
m 'rhy:frvr3dur> ' I acknowledge myself a Liberal ' ; dary o bim
honni r y:n gair am 9 pe:B, ' he had not a particle of information to
give as to the matter ', e. g. when asked a question.
honjan ; hongjan (O.H.), v., hangian, W.S. (? read hongian) ;
hongian, C.C. 334. 33; O.E. hongian beside hangian, 'to hang'
(in all senses except on the gallows = k™&*) '• ko.yd a bun/is maur
sn honjan o'ruBynu, ' trees with large clusters (of berries) hanging
from them ' ; honjan erbyn traust, ' to hang to a beam ', e. g. with
the hands ; honjan ar i dra:yd (= uB ben i dra:yd)> ' to reel ',
e. g. of a drunken man or one who is weak through recent illness.
Cf. W.S. hangian val dyn meddw yn profi kerddet.
honlad, s., applied to objects of a rambling, clumsy, inconvenient
nature, esp. riu honlad o he:n dy:.
hopjar, s.f., ' copse ' : hopjar ko:yd.
hopran, s.m., pi. hoprod, hoppran, D., ' infundibulum ' ; hopran,
M.Ll.°i. 249. 5; 'hopper': r u:ti vel hopran melin, i.e. noisy.
Also facetiously, ' mouth ' : kay d9 hopran. Cf. B.C. 66. 6.
horn, s., mynd i r horn, ' to sulk ' (used esp. of children).
hornjo, v., ' to sulk ' : be u:ti n hornjo />, ' what are you sulking
about ? ' ; hornjo kri:o, ' to cry from temper ' = strankjo.
hors, s.f., pi. horsys, cf. hobi-hors, D.G. cxxii. 29, 'clothes-
horse '. Also ' a platform of a scafifold with its supports '.
horslau, s.m., ' pouring rain ' : horslau maur na welis i m o i
drammax zri'oyd.
horuB ; horuyB (O.H.), s.m., ' a fat fellow ' : ta:u r hf.n horuyB
gwirjon ; also applied to animals : horuyB o vo%yn, o &ejyl, etc.
hos, s. (i) ' a hoisting ' : %hoit hos i vmy (O.H.). (2) ' show '
(hss O.H.) : tippin ba:\ o hos 9n 9/enast ; — gneyt hos, ' to show off '.
P 2
212 hosan — hub/an
hosan, s.f., pi. sanna, hosan, D., cf. also W.B., col. 68. 2 ; D.G.
xvii. 26 ; xlvi. 47 ; cxxxiii. 29, ' stocking ' : rhoid hosan ar 2 gwi:al
(= masga), ' to put a stocking on the needles ' ; gwey sanna, ' to knit
stockings ' ; kro:Q, meiluy hosan, ' the thick and thin part of the
leg of a stocking ' ; bla:yn, tru:yn hosan, ' the toe of a stocking ' ;
m nrha:ydi sanna, " in his stocking feet " ; sanna sisurn, ' stockings,
the feet of which are past repair, and are mended with pieces cut
from another pair '.
hofo, v., ' to hoist ' : hofo moxyn i vmy (O.H.).
hmial; hu:al (O.K.), Hywel, ' Ho well'.
hm&gar, adj., hawddgar, D., s.v. ' amabilis ' ; ' amiable, lovable '.
h0uljo, v., hawlio, ' to claim '.
how, s.f., pi. hovja, ' hoe '.
hoval(].].', O.H.); Mywal(W.H.', I. W.), s.f., Eng. (Dial.) hovel
[a shed for cattle or pigs, an outhouse of any kind], ' a shed with
three walls and the remaining side open ' : hoval drolja, ' cart shed ' ;
hoval i badoli hfzla, ' shoeing shed ' ; hoval vo:x, ' a shed for weigh-
ing pigs landed from vessels', before the railway was made (O.H.).
hovjo, v., ' to hoe '.
hoydal, s.f., hoedl, D., ' life ' : mz'vzda n dtgon am 9x hoydalxivynd
mo, ' it would be at the peril of your life for you to go there ' ; r adu
i am V9 hb'ydal 3n i gadu vo rhag gn'eyd dru:g, * I do my very best to
keep him out of mischief ' ; xmasun (jymsuri) i m o vs hoydal a
mynd mo, ' I wouldn't go there to save my life ' ; mfoiam i hoydal,
1 fleeing for his life ' ; hoydal o annuyd, ' a very bad cold '.
hoyl, s., pi. hoiljon, hoel, D., ' hat-peg ' : rhoi het ar ho:yl \hef\.
hoyl \ho:l\
hb'ylan, s.f., pi. hb'ilja, hoelen, O.P., ' nail ' : tori tul o vla:yn
hoylan, * to make a hole for a nail ' ; kyro hb'ylan, ' to hammer a
nail ' ; kodi hoylan, ' to pull out a nail '.
hqynys, adj., hoenus, R., ' full of life '.
hoy tan, s.f., hoeden, C.C.M. 76. 28, Eng. hoiden, ' a silly girl '.
ho'yu, heyu, adj., hoyw, D., ' nimble ' =fonk, gwisgi.
hb'ywal \hovat\.
hub, s., hwpp, D., ' conatus, molimen ' ; hwp, s.v. ' impetus ' ;
hwb, S.E., s.v. ' hop '. (i) ' hop' : hub, kam a nez'd, ' hop, skip and
jump' (children's game). (2) 'limp' : r 0:8 na riu hub 9no vo n
natirjol. (3) ' a lift up ', e. g. over a wall : rh#ux hub i mi.
hubjan, hub jo, v. (i) ' to rise in the stirrups ' : hubjux / (W.H.).
(2) 'to hobble', e.g. of an old man or one who has been ill;
"weluxi hunna n hubjan mynd? — riu he:n hubjan gwetBjo, said of
slovenly work. (3) ' to give a lift up ' : hubjun o i vmy !, ' up with
it, lads ! ' (O.H.).
huda — hun 2 1 3
huda, hudju\, hwde, D., ' here ' implying ' take ', Fr. ' tiens ',
huda di / ; — huda vre\tan i //, ' look, here's a piece of bread and
butter for you '.
huf, s. (E.J.; O.K.), Eng. (Dial.) huff [haste, hurry], Sh. I.,
' hubbub, scuffle, flurry ' : -welso\i ri-oyd fafun huf ag o:yb ar i
s/emmar (E.J.), ' you never saw such a hubbub as there was in the
steamer '.
hufjan, huf jo, v., Eng. (Dial.) to huff away [to get on smartly
with one's work], Feb., ' to work hard and hurriedly for a short
time ' (O.K.).
hu:g, in phr. mynd heb na hu:g na gu:g, ' to go away empty-
handed ' (O.H.). Cf. gu:g.
hu:i, hwi, R.; C.L.C. ii. 14, 17 ; cf. Eng. (Dial.) hooy [a call
of encouragement to a dog], Yks., « a call to a dog at a distance
to make it drive sheep '. — In quasi-verbal sense : hu:i &id a (fuvo)
r Hi: a hu:i /id a r ga:Q (prov.), ' to run with the hare and hunt
with the hounds '. Cf. hx.
-hu:i'hu:t\ — may o n 'hu:i'hu:i rula, ' he is far away somewhere';
— also as lullaby : si: 'hu:i'hu:i lull.
huiljo, v., hwylio, D., ' dirigere, praeparare '. (i) ' to sail ' : dakku
log 9n huiljo n huylys \ heibjo r puynt ag at 9r ?nys, \ huilja sidan
ko:\ (gwyn) sy& ami, ' there is a ship sailing apace past the point
(Callow's Point) and towards the island (Puffin Island) ; her sails
are of red silk ' ; huiljo ar le:d, ' to sail to foreign parts '. (2) ' to
prepare ' : ma: n anod huiljo r bu:yd heb dim popty, ' it is difficult to
cook without an oven ' ; huiljo i vynd i r kappal, * to get ready for
chapel ' : huiljo i vynd ifur, huiljo i vynd at i waiO. (3) in phrase :
may r gwynt 9n huiljo i laur, ' the wind is falling '. (4) * to amuse '.
huiljo, v., ' to wheel ' : hmniyd berva a huiljo (rubaff) ar hy:d 3 ka:y.
huiljog, adj. hwylioc, Exod. xxi. 36. (i) 'lively, funny, witty':
may o n huiljog jaun (= may na hu:yl garu hevo vo), 'he is very
funny'; — he:n 8y:n huiljog ovnadsan. (2) ' lively, amusing, pleasant ' :
noson huiljog. (3) ' lively, amused ' : mi kadwod nu n huiljog ; ' he
kept them amused ' ; — 'r oydanu n huiljog i u rwedy. (4) ' lively,
animated ', e. g. owing to a large concourse of people : fy:d 9 dre:
m huiljog ; — kwarvod huiljog, ' a lively meeting '. (5) of preaching,
1 with the hu:yl ' : pn£e6ur huiljog, prigeBy n huiljog.
hu:x, s.f., pi. foxpd, hwch, D., ' sow ' : hu:\ vagy, hu:x goiad,
' brood sow ' ; r u:ti vel hu:\ meun haft, i. e. ' very destructive ' ;
hu:\ di:n gutta, a bogy to frighten children.
hulpyn \holpy n\.
hun, fem. hon, neut. hyn, pi. (n), hwn, D., ' this '. (i) adjective:
hun and hon are very seldom used, and then only for the sake of
214 hunakku — hunnu
emphasis in certain stereotyped expressions. The only instances
I have heard are : may n divar gin i hyd sr 'aur 'hon, ' I regret it
to this very hour ' ; 9y gneyd dim ar 9 deyar 'hon, ' doing absolutely
nothing ' ; 9 pe:6 kasa gin i ar 9 8eyar 'hon, * the thing I hate most
in the whole world ' ; Balsun i dim ar 9 beyar 'hon, ' I would never
pay '. Otherwise their place is taken by ma (yma). — hyn is, how-
ever, frequently used with certain words as 9 van 'hyn, ' this place,
here ' ; 9 forb 'hyn (for 'hyn\ ' this way '. This form is more
emphatic than the commoner (9) -van ma, (9) -for ma. — The plural
only occurs in the form n in (9) rhei n, y rhai hyn, ' these '. (2)
pronoun (masc.) : ga: i helpy \i i beB o hun />, ' may I help you to
some of this ? ' ; hun 9 may o if'o />, ( is this what he wants ? ' : mi
eif i r ty: nesa 9n le: du:ad i hun, ' I went into the next house
instead of coming into this ' ; 9n wastad a hun, ' level with this ' ;
/ euxi m o hun hevo xt, ' you won't take this with you ' ; 8ary mi osod
3 ty: i hun a r lal, ' I let my house to this, that, and the other ' ; hun
a hun, ' such and such a person ' ; — (fern.) rieiQ hon i vytta ?, ' is
this good to eat ? ' — (neut.) hyn a hyn o rubaB, ' such and such an
amount of something ' ; Kin hyn, 'before this' ; gida hyn, 'presently ' ;
weiBja vel hyn, weiBja vel aral, ' sometimes in this way, sometimes
in another '. — The plural is not used.
hunakku, pron., fern, honakku, neut. and pi. hynakku (all often
nakku), hwnnaccw, G.R. [121,]. 7, ' that (yonder)'. Often used in
the sense of " the old man, the old woman (at home) ".
hunna, pron., fern, honna, neut. hynna (pi. rhei no), hwnna,
' that ' (of a person or thing within reach of the senses, or an abstract
idea under discussion : he:n hogla dru:g jaun 9di hunna, ' that is a
very bad smell ' ; may hunna wedi kayl gormod 9n i vol, ' that fellow
has had a drop too much ' ; may hi wedi trot hunna heibjo, ' she has
given that fellow up ' ; paid a tsnny hunna o d9 ge:g^ ' don't take that
out of your mouth ' ; i be: may hunna n da: ?, ' what's the good of
that ? ' ; neiB hunna m o r tro: \waiQ, ' that won't do either ' : mi
gammod honna 9n le: mynd i vjaun, ' that (nail) bent instead of going
in ' ; may honna n o le:u o hard, ' that one is rather pretty ' ; hynna
ba:x o amsar daxi y gad?, ' is that all the time you get ? ' ; amsar
Kin hynna, ' a time before that '.
hunnu, fern, honno, no, neut. and pi. h9nny, ny, ni. (Sometimes
hunu, etc., when not emphatic, e. g. 3 "wraighono, ' that woman '.)
hwnnw, D., ' that ' (of a person or thing not within sight, hearing,
or the senses generally, except fanny, which is used of things within
sight, etc. or not), (i) adj. : ' that ' : fy:d na bobol zn aru 9 durnod
hunnu, ' there will be a great many people that day ' ; k: ma: r
'brus hunu /*, ' where's that brush ? ' ; 9 'pren hunu sy y kadu 9 treif'a
rhag kravy oxor 9 Kefyl, ' that piece of wood which keeps the traces
from chafing the side of the horse ' ; 9 van honno, ' that place ' ; r
amsar honno., r amsar no, r amsar hunnu, pry:t h9nny, * that time ' ;
huntro — hursan 2 1 5
rhei ni, ' those ' (= y rhai hynny). (2) pron., ' that one, that ' : mi
r o:b &ini hi garjad, ag mi vria hunnu n du:ad i gwelt i, ' she had
a lover, and he used to come and see her ' ; dim ont hunnu ?,
' nothing but that ? ' ; fanny ba:\ !, ' is that all ! ' ; mi gadwiB htnny
vo y gmnas, ' that will keep him warm ' ; fanny sy if'o o stisnag,
' all the English needful ' ; di:ol\ byB am htnny /, ' thank Heaven
for that ! ' ; mynd fanny vedar o, ' to go as fast as he can ' ; du i uBi
fanny vedra i, ' I am at it as hard as I can ' ; Kin fanny, ' before
that ' ; erbyn fanny, ' by that time ' ; ar o:l fanny, ' after that ' ; ta
ny n rubaB, ta ny riu ods, ' if that is anything, for the matter of
that'.
huntrO) v., cf. hwndro, M.F., 'to lose one's bearings entirely'
(through stormy weather or darkness), J.J. = fundro.
huntu, s.m., cf. hwyntwyr (pi.), G.O. ii. 125. 6, " South Walian " :
may hunna ty hu:ynt i huniu ag may huntu ty hu:ynt i r hBral, ' he
is worse than a " South Walian ", and a " South Walian " is worse
than the devil '.
hunma, pron., fern, honma ; — also n*na, nona ; hwnnyna, G.R.
[121]. 7, 'that (person or thing) in sight or hearing': pu:y di
hunma ?, l who is that ? '
hu:r, s.f., hwr, W.S. [a Hore], ' whore '.
hurax (more rarely urax), huyrax, adv., nid hwyrach, D., s.v.
1 forte ' ; ' perhaps ' : hura\ miba:u igodiat apnaun, ' perhaps it will
clear up by the afternoon '. Ans. na: hurax, ' perhaps '.
hurdgo ; urdgo (O.H.), v., Eng. urge, * to push goods ' (for sale) :
hurdgo i dattus ; may o n hurdgo n aru.
hurd, s.f., pi. farbja, hwrdd, D., 'a short and sharp spell of
briskness ' : hur§ o ol\i, ' a spell of washing ' ; 'gweitju\i, mi ro: i
hurb i x* meun mynyd, 'wait, I will give you a turn (i.e. a helping
hand) in a minute ' ; r o:d na hur§ vaur in 3 varxnad, l the market
was very brisk ' ; may farbja arno vo, ' he does things by fits and
starts ' ; hur§ mammad, ' a short brisk period of work which a
mother makes the best of while the baby is asleep ', so a farmer
might say to his men : dwima riu he:n hurb mammaB i xi J (O.H.).
hurgi, hurjur, s.m., ' fornicator '.
hurjo, v., hwrio, T.N. 13. 32, ' to fornicate '.
-hurli'burli, s., Eng. hurly-burly : r o:d o meun 'hurli'burli, ' he
was in a state of agitation '.
hurlyd, adj., ' given to fornication ' : bmgi hurfyd.
hu-ro:, s.m., Eng. (Dial.) hoo-roo [a hubbub, noise, tumult],
Yks., Lan., Chs., Der., War. : vy:d na hu'ro: maur ; — mi neiB riu
hu-ro: am rubaB, ' he will make a fuss about a thing '.
hursan, s.f., ' whore '.
2 1 6 hurBjo — hu:yr
hurBjo, v., ' to push ' : hur&jo 3 plant oruB 3 bur$ = guBjo.
husgip, s. (i) ' a toss up ' (of coins) : mi ro: i husgip i weld ^di
o y giy ta brits, ' I will toss up to see whether it is heads or tails '.
(2) 'scramble ' (see below).
husgipjo, v. (i) ' to toss up ' (a coin). (2) 'to throw things for
children to scramble for '.
husmon, s.m., pi. husmyn, hwsmon, D.G. cxcvii. 2 2 ; D., ' farm-
bailiff, chief servant on a farm '.
hutjo, v., hwttio, D., ' exibilare, explodere ' ; 'to hoot at ; to
drive off by shouting, etc., to shout at '.
huBjo \_gur &jo\.
hu:yl, s.f., pi. huilja, hwyl, D. (i) ' sail ' : ku:x huilja, ' sailing-
boat ' ; toy a huilja, ' sailing-ships '. (2) ' spirit, animation, " go " ',
Fr. ' entrain ' : da\i y ka:yl hu:yl ar ?x gwaiB heityu ?, ' do you feel
in good trim for your work to-day ? ', 'do you feel " fit ", " in good
form" ' ; may o meun hu:yl, (and more emphatic) may o n i huilja
gora, ' he is in his best form ' ; mi geiO o hu:yl u6 deyd zr hanas,
' he will enjoy telling the story ' ; / ydu i dim wedi ka:l hu:yl ar
Parian barbonjaB, ' I never found any pleasure in reading poetry ' ;
syt hu:yl -gu:soxi ? faf'un hu:yl 'geyQoxi /, ' how did you get on ? ' ; —
so, in preaching, etc., kayl hu:yl, 'to become warmed in one's
subject, to be carried away ', hence (3) ' a peculiar kind of musical
intonation used in Welsh preaching ' : ma o dippin i be:B mi a:B
9 pwgeBur i r hu:yl. (4) ' liveliness, funniness, wittiness ': may na
hu:yl garu hevo vot ' he is very funny, lively '. (5) ' fun ' : gneyt
hu:yl am 9 mhenni, ' to make fun of me ' ; ge:s i lawar jaun o hu:yl
hevo vo, ' I got a great deal of fun out of him '. (6) ' temper ' :
ma:y hu:yl da: arno vo, ' he is good tempered ' ; may hi alan o i
hu:yl, ' she is in a bad temper '.
huylys ; hoylys (O.H.), adj., hwylus, D. (i) ' convenient ':
9 noson huylysa (= muya huylys], ' the most convenient night ' ; / o.yd
hi dim 9n huylys i mi vynd, ' it was not convenient for me to go ' ;
hmny 'vedranu vynd a vo: n huylys heb goli dim, ' as much as they
could conveniently carry without dropping any ' ; may f on m huylys
m 9 no:s, ' a stick is convenient in the night '. (2) ' easy', e. g. of
a key turning in a lock. See also ex. under huiljo.
hu:ynt, adv., hwnt, D., s.v. 'trans'; hwynt, D.P.O. 30. 29 : ty
hu:ynt, ' beyond '. See ex. under huntu.
hu:yr, s., hwyr, D., s.v. ' vesper ' ; ' evening ' — not generally in
use = gid a r no:s, but the word occurs in the exp. hu.yr a bora,
' morning and evening '.
hu:yr, adj., hwyr, D., ' late ' (of time or persons, etc.) : da\i wedi
kodin o hu:yr bora ma, « you have got up rather late this morning ' ;
hy: — hy:d 217
vy:b hi bim mor huyr arna i htno ag oyb hi niiiQjur, ' I shan't be 80
late to-night as I was last night ' : gwel hu:yr na huyra\, * better
late than never ' ; may n hu:yr fain i, 1 1 long ', e. g. may n huyr
gin i gwelt i n mendjo, ' I long to see her get better '.
hy:, adj., h£, D., comp. hwa\, ' bold ' : o b It: daxi n du:ad (gan
mod i) mor hy: a govyn ?, « where do you come from, if I may be
so bold as to ask ? ' Also ' impudent, forward '.
hy:dt s., pi. h*dat hyd, D., ' length ' : 9ry:n hy:d a r ym led, l as
broad as long ' ; hy:d 3 dor6, ' the length of the loaf, a whole round
of bread ' ; mi doris i V9 hy:d ar dair arvod, ' I cut my length (of
grass) in three strokes (of the scythe) ' ; m buy la:6 o hy:d, ' two
yards in length ' ; ar i hy:d, ' at full length ' ; strQjo ar ihy.dilaur,
' to fall full length ' ; — more emphatically ar i hy:d gy:d, ' at full
length ' ; * from one end to the other ' (cf. D., s.v. ' porrigo ') :
gorvab ar i hy:d gy:d ; — wedi kayl i drawo nes may o ar i hy:d gy:d
ar laur ; — kovjo r bregaB ar i hy:d gy:d, ' to remember the sermon
from one end to the other ' ; — of a length of time : am riu hy:d, ' for
some time ' ; */ ydanu dim ?y kayl byu am bigon o hy:d. — PI. toda,
hsdob, hdjon, in such phrases as am fodjon, cr s hzdjm, ' for a long
time ' : / oy:s dim by:dm myndtru ibylo vo, may oar s fodjon tygneyd
t wai6 (O.H.), * he has been at it for a long time, but there is nothing
to show for it ' ; — also in the phrase a fan o todob (foda, fodjori),
' out of all proportion, all reason '. — hyd^no.-d, hydno:dy hyd nod, hyt
ynn oet, L.A. 34. 24, now written hyd yn oed, hyd yn nod, hyd y nod,
hyd yn od [see note to above passage, p. 254], adv. ' even '. — As
preposition (i) for ar hy:d (see below). — With pronouns hyda i,
etc., ' along ' : hy:d 9 klauft, ' along the wall, hedge ' ; twy hy:d
3 for 8, ' to grow along the road '. (2) ' as far as, to ' : do:s hy:d
9 hBral, 'go to the devil'. (3) of time, 'until' (generally
expressed by fan) — as conjunction ' as long as ' : mi geu\i aros m
9\ gwely hy:d 3 'leikjuxi very, ' you can stop in bed as long as you
like to-morrow '.
ar hy:d, r hy:d (of time or place), ' along, the length of, all
through ' : mynd ar hy:d 9 /orb, ' to go along the road ' ; ar hy:d
pen 3 wal, ' along the top of the wall ' ; may telaQa n rhedag ar
hy:d 9 ru:m a tr0ustja ar le:d, l " tylathau " run the length of a room
and " trawstiau " across ' ; ar hy:d ag ar draus, ' in all directions,
anyhow ' ; ar hy:d 9 dy:b, ' all day long '.
o hy:d, ' continually, without intermission, all the time ' : byu
meun gobaiB o hy:d, l to live continually in hope ' ; ma: r klok yy kolj.
o hy:d, ' the clock keeps losing ' ; may hi n farad o hy:d, ' she is
always talking ' ; — du:ad o hy:d i, ' to find '.
hy:d at (often d at) : d at i glistja, d at gorn i ubu, ' up to his
ears, his neck ' ; d at hyn, ' so far, up till now ' ; du:ad hy:d at, ' to
find ' ; mi 'beyBonu hy:d atto rusyt, ' they found out somehow '.
hy:d i, ' up to ', esp. in kayl hy:d i, * to find ' : gavob o hy:d ibo
218 hydo — hynt
vo />, ' did he find it ? ' ; du i wedi ka:l hy:d i r dru:g, ' I have found
out what is the matter ' ; \e:s i mo r hy:d ido vo, ' I did not find it '.
hydo, v., hudo, D., 'to entice ' : hydo ru:in ir mmy§, ' to entice
some one to the mountain ' ; hydo i bre:s o, ' to do him out of his
money '.
hy:§, s.m., hydd, D., 'hart'. Only in the plant-name tavod ar
hy:8, ' hart's tongue ' (Scolopendrium vulgare).
hydo, v., huddaw, O.P., in the exp. hybo r ta:n, ' to cover the
fire ', i.e. by covering the peat with ashes for the night.
hygan, s.f., hugan, D., 'a covering', e.g. a sack, old garment,
etc., for want of something better, put over the shoulders in cold or
rainy weather (J.J.; O.H.) : tavl riu hem hygan drostat (J.J.). — As
term of reproach : ta:u r he:n hygan gsBral I (O.H.).
hylax, s.m., cf. hulach, M.F., ' a soft-headed fellow' (J.J.; O.H) :
dim 9no n solat, dim 9no i gi:d, m deyd riu be&a gwirjon, m huiljo
paub (O.H.); — may o n he:n hylax di'gon digri ; — ta:u 9r he:n hylax
gwirjon !
hylbost, s.m., « a fool' (I.W.).
hylpyn \holpyn\.
hylyn, s.m. (fern, hylan), 'a fool': r he:n hylyn gwirjon! ; —
r he:n hylan I = r he:n gzbolan ! (O.H.).
hyl (sometimes hylt\ adj., pi. tofton, comp. Max, hyll, D., 'ugly ' :
he:n by.n hyl, ' an ugly old man ' ; geirja faf/on, ' bad language ' ;
y peB hzla gin i ddi gweld pobol dy Kerbad 9 dre:, ' there is nothing I
hate more than seeing people pacing up and down the town ; ' — of
weather : may n edrax an hyl jaun heity'u, ' it looks very stormy
to-day '.
hy:n, s., hun, D., ' self : ko:d d9 hy:n, ' get up ' ; troi 9 du:r at i
velin i fy.-n, ' to turn matters to one's own advantage ' ; koli arno
i hy:n, ' to lose one's head' ; ar iben ihy:n, ' alone, all by himself ;
le: -a'nivir ar i ben i hy:n, ' an unpleasant, lonely place ' ; tonny peQ
°m i ben i hy:n, * to bring down something on one's own head ' ;
pam nad euxi X hy:n a^° vo A ' wnv don't you go to him yourself ? ' ;
o honyn i hy:n, ' of their own accord '.
hy:n, s., hun, D., 'sleep', only in the phrase tru: (= dru:) i hy:n,
' in one's sleep ' : may o n Jar ad tru: i hy:n, ' he talks in his sleep ' :
8ary xi ri'o:yd godi dru: x hy:n ?, ' did you ever walk in your sleep ? '
hynan, s., pi. hynain, hunan, W.B., col. 2. 8, ' self (rarer than
hy:ri) ; idi o i hynan /, ' is he by himself ? '
hynla, s.f., hunlle, D., 'nightmare '. As term of reproach : rhe:n
hynla /, ' the old bore ! '
hynt, s., hynt, D., iter : rhuyb hynl i x*', ' a pleasant journey to
you ' (Bangor). Cf. hsnt.
hyrt — hmjan 219
hyrt, adj., hurt, D., ' silly, stupid, dazed, weak in the head ' : >n
he:n ag yn Ayr/, ' old and foolish '.
hyrtyn, s.m., hurtyn, D., s.v. ' blennus ', ' idiota ', ' morio ' ; ' a
fool ' : hyrtyn penxwiban^ ' a whimsical fool '.
hyrtys, adj., hurtus, 4 in one's dotage '.
hy:sb, adj., fern. he:sb, pi. hxbjon, hesbjon, hpsp, D., 'dry, not
giving milk ' (of cattle): byux hy:sb (hi:sb); gwarOag hsbjon (hesbjon).
hytlax, s.m.f., cf. hudlach, M.F., 'an idle, good-for-nothing
person ' : hem hytlax lonyl ; he:n hytlax vanu (O.H.).
hyu, fyus, ' Hugh, Hughes '.
hyukyn, Huwcyn (dim. of hyu] : ail tdi hyukyn i fsntkyn, Mike
father, like son ' ; hyukyn m 9 fygad, ' sleepy feeling in the eyes ',
" dusty miller " ; may hyukyn lonyb m du:ady said of a baby who is
just going to sleep.
hyuan, s.m., hufen, D., ' cream '.
hyvenny, v., hufennu, D., ' to cream '.
hyvr, s.m., hyfr, D., s.v. 'caper '; hyfrod (pi.), G.O. i. 105. 2 ;
Eng. (Dial.) haiver, Sc., Cum. ; hever, Cum. [a he-goat after he has
been gelded] ; O.E. hsever [' buck, he-goat '] : ' a gelded he-goat '.
hyvr an, s.f., term of reproach for a woman : tam r he:n hyvr an
grtrall
fabjan, fobjo, v., 'to improve in health ' : may o n hbjan m reil
8a: ; may o n hsbjo i vmy njaun.
hdar, s., hyder, D., 'fiducia, confidentia, audacia' : in phr.
ar i hadar, ' on the off-chance ' : mi a: i ar V9 hdar i dri:o> e. g. dym
ifo peQ ag m medul bod o 'gmoxi ar werQ (O.H.). — Cf. G.O. ii.
115. 28.
fafis, s., cf. hyffis, M.F., ' a long narrow purse formerly used by
women ' : it had five or six partitions made of linen or silk (J.J.).
faxjan, wjan, v., hychian, O.P., ' to grunt ' (of a pig). Also of
human beings : ' to quarrel, snap at one another ' : ma: nu n foxjan
ar i giliS.
hslau, adj., hylaw, D., * generous, kind, obliging '.
h^lod, s., hylldod, B.C. 150. 13. (i) 'ugliness'. (2) 'practical
jokes, nonsense ' : may o n [aun hyjtod ; — m v? h^tod dary mi teyt
hmny, said e.g. when excusing oneself for having given offence
(O.H.). Cf. avjaB. (3) pi. h^toda, foftodod, 'quantity', in the
phrase h^toda o be&a.
fom, s., ' hint' : roifi hm tto vo, xrfi Mm h*™ (W.H).
fomfost, s.f., * a rough untidy girl ' (I.W.). Cf. honfyst*
famjan> v. : hmjan kanyt ' to hum '.
22O hmod — *'
) adj., hynod, D., 'remarkable, strange, extraordinary':
/ ddi o 8im an edra\ sn hynod jaun, ' he does not look very re-
markable ' ; hmod o vaur, ' extraordinarily large '.
hmt, s., hynt, D. (influenced by Eng. hunt (?)), in phrases : pen
vyS: 9r hmt arna i, ' when I feel inclined ' ; mi eif i ar V9 font, ' I
happened to go ' ; mi welis i him a hun ar vz font, ' I saw such and
such a one by chance '. Cf. hynt.
hmtjo, v., 'to hunt ' = hela.
torbjo, hurbjo, v., hyrddio, D. (i) c to butt ' (of a ram). (2) ' to be
changeable ' (now brisk, now slack) : ma: r varxnad dn htrbjo ; —
forftjo u6 weiSjo ; — hurty'o mynd = mynd am sbel a ravy (O.H.).
torbjog, adj., hyrddiog, c changeable ' (now brisk, now slack) :
ma: r varxnad 9n forty'og ; — mynd dn torbjog dn le: mynd 9n wastad
= mynd am hur§ a stopjo mynd (O.H).
has, hys, R. ; G.O. i. 217. 2, said to a dog to make it drive
sheep. — In quasi-verbal sense fos hevo r Ki: a tos hevo r ga:B: (O.H.).
Cf. hu:i.
h9sbjo, v., ' to become dry ', esp. of cattle which have ceased
giving milk : os na 'odru\ir vyux zn la:n mi hzsbiO hi ; — ma rfmnon
wedt fosbjo, ' the spring has dried up '. — Also trans, tosbjo fyux, l to
cease milking a cow for about two months before calving, to dry
a cow '.
toslay, s.pl., sing, hislan, hislau, sing, hisleuen, D., ' sheep-lice '.
fyfi°i hafjo, v., hysio, D., s.v. ' exibilo ', hyssio, s.v. ' incite ', * to
set on a dog ' ; — also hzf'o dy:n i gufjo, ' to incite a man to fight '.
Cf. annos.
hzlraus, ' aslant ', in phr. ar hdtraus.
hztrav (so O.H. always) ; fodrav, s., Hydref, D., ' October '.
h9vdra, s., hyfdra, Phil. 8, ' boldness ' ; kdmmyd zr hsvdra (ar
neyd rubaQ), ' to have the effrontery to, to make so bold as to '.
hwryd, adj., hyfryd, D., ' pleasant, delightful ' : nt ddi m bra:v ! —
o:, may n hmryd /, ' Isn't it fine ! — Oh, it's delightful ! '
i (sometimes i: when stressed), prep., i, D. With pronouns :
S. i. i mt(:), 2. z /?'(:), 3. 180 vo(:), do vo, 3 vo, z'8o ; 281 fa\:), t'8i.
PI. i.tm'(:), 2. i'xi(-'), 3- yfynu, ytynhu: (tf. udunt, W.B., col. 161.
7, 22, 24 ; so always in Mid. Welsh). With pronominal adjectives :
S. i. i V9t 2. i ds, 3. t u, i: (cf. W.B., col. 179. i). PI. i. in, 2. i'x,
3. i u, i:. Takes the vocalic mutation except in the case of mt(:),
//(:), tiBa, dz, and sometimes meun (mjaun).
/ 221
I. with the general idea of direction, (i) motion towards,
' to '. (a) of a material object : mynd i r dre:, ' to go to the town ' ;
mynd i vaygor, ' to go to Bangor ; mynd i r knebrun, l to go to the
funeral ' ; driyo i vri:g 9 goydan, ' to climb to the top of the tree ' ;
ma: r fanu n du:ad i r Ian, ' the tide is coming in ' ; or y:n van
i r lag, ' from one place to another ' ; o r nai[ dy: i r [aL ' from
one side to the other'; — verb omitted, d)mma r bobol i gi:d i ben
9 klotya, 'up went all the people on to the top of the walls'.
(b) where the object is more or less abstract : du:ad i drevn, * to
get into order ' ; mynd i r &e:, i r xwM, ' to go to the right, the
left * ; dirwin i ben, ' to come to an end ' ; mynd i tolad, l to get
into debt ' ; du:ad i r golug, ' to come into sight ' ; mynd i dippin
0 b'ydran, ' to be getting on in life ' ; mynd i -an'obai'6, l to despair ' ;
du:ad i ry:n van, ' to come to the same thing ' ; o dippin i be:0,
' gradually '. (2) as distinguished from at, /'implies motion towards
a place or object into which entrance is made (cf. Rowlands,
Welsh Grammar, p. 213, § 736) : mynd ir Kgol, ' to go to school '
or ' into the school ', but mynd at ?r ngol, ' to go to the school '
(for other examples see at) ; mynd i r mo:r, ' to go to sea ' or ' into
the sea ' ; mynd i r gadar, ' to get into the chair ' ; sarQjo i r du:r,
' to fall into the water ' ; mynd am dro: i r wla:d, ' to go for a walk
into the country '; a:nu ibo vo /», 'will they get into it?' (e.g. of
papers into a box) ; d eu\i byQ i V9 s&idja i, ' you will never get
into my shoes'; Hefyl 3n mynd i r drol, 'a horse going into the
shafts'; o r badalfri:o i r tarn, 'from the frying-pan into the
fire ' ; — elliptically (without a verb of motion) maly bara i guppan
de:, * to crumble bread into a tea-cup ' ; du i n disgul hi i r ty:,
1 1 am expecting her home '. (3) implying an object or purpose :
gzry monvyn i negas, ' to send a maid on an errand ' ; gwa:& iginjo,
1 an invitation to dinner '. (4) expressing the direction which
a person or thing faces : fenast anfrantjo i r lo:n, ' a window facing
the high road ' ; also fenast i r lo:n ; — similarly may r h: n amlug
i r gwynt, 'the place is exposed to the wind'. (5) denoting the
exact coincidence of an action with a point of time : r o:d hi i r
mynyd hevo po:b pe:Q, ' she was punctual (to the minute) with
everything ' ; du:ad i r mynyd, ' to come to the minute '. (6)
denoting extent to which : -meBadis i r karn, ' a Methodist to the
backbone'; dzna vo: i r dim, 'that's he exactly'. (7) /' meun
(veun, mjaun, vjaun], adv. ' in ' : d0u\ a vo: i mjaun, ' bring it in ' ;
ft'Xj'o nu i meun, ' to throw them in ' ; — also of rest : 9di o i veun ?,
' is he in ? ' (see meun). (8) i vmy, i laur, (a) adv. gorvab i laur,
' lie down ' ; 9nyu\ i vmy, « higher up ' ; ista i laur, ' to sit down ' ;
— also of rest, i vmy, i laur 3 grifa, ' upstairs, downstairs '. (b)
prep, mynd i vmy, i laur 9 grifa, ' to go upstairs, downstairs ' ;
/' vmy, i laur zr a:U, ' up, down the hill ' (see laur, vmy). (9)
ifur(§), ' away ' : ifur a vo: I, ' off he goes ! ' ; mynd i furb, ' to
go away ' (see/wr£). (10) after verbs of motion before an infinitive :
222 2
(a) where the idea of motion or arrival at a certain state is pre-
dominant : mi §0uxi i farad 9n jaun, ' you will get to speak pro-
perly ' ; hurax mi 8a:u i godi at 9 pnaun, ' perhaps it will clear up
by the afternoon ' ; may r teKal wedi myndielun, ' the kettle runs ' ;
paid a mynd i xwara <b riks ru:an, ' none of your tricks now '.
(b) where the idea of purpose is more or less implied : troi i galyn
po:b awal o wynt, ' to be fickle, variable, to turn with every wind ' ;
du:ad i glirjo r burd, ' to come and clear the table ' ; mynd i edrax
am dani hi, { to go and see her ' ; d0ux i veun zn 9 van ma i ista,
1 come in here and sit down ' ; mi eif i x^arvot hi, ' I went to
meet her '.
II. denoting purpose. 1. before an infinitive, (i) after verbs :
(a) with active meaning, ' in order to ' : mi a:Q dan d goydan imoxal
9 g!a:u, ( he went under the tree to shelter from the rain ' ; rhaid
i mi dri:o darvod an vy:an i gad du:ad hevo x*, 1 1 must try and get
finished soon so as to be able to come with you ' ; may iffo gla:u
i bxy ^ deyar dippin, ' rain is wanted to wet the ground a little ' ;
ma: nu n manteif'o ar bo:b pe6 i neyd pre:s, ' they take advantage of
everything to make money ' ; ddi r boks ma am ga:yl i dori i bexra
ta:n ?, ' is this box to be broken up for lighting fires ? ' ; — similarly
* as a reason for ' : os na by:§ dim axes zy kodi i alu 9 hyor 9y
gynt, ' if no cause arises to convene the council earlier '. (b) with
passive meaning : mynd a dilad i Inay, ' to take clothes to be
cleaned'. (2) after nouns: (a) denoting an object for which
something is designed : lu:y i droi ryud, ' a spoon for stirring the
porridge ' ; peQ i godi bar a, l something to make bread rise ' ; lexi
i doi tai, ' roofing slates ' ; le: i gadu bu:yd, ' a place for keeping
food '. (b) expressing an o°bject for which something is fitted or
adapted : le bra:v i ista) ' a nice place to sit ' ; lyvr divir i Parian,
' an interesting book ' ; le jaun i luynog lexy, ' a good place for
a fox to lurk in ' ; mi veBis a x<2.7 dy:n i neyd o, ' I couldn't get
a man to do it '. — With passive meaning : netB hon i vytta ?, ' is
this good to eat ? ' ; -vedruxi dim ka:yl dr avol i xwara a:g i vytta,
'you cannot have the apple to play with and to eat', i.e. 'you
cannot eat your cake and have it*, (c) expressing an object
which conduces towards a certain purpose : rubaG i godixkalon xt,
'something to cheer you up'; may na buy for§ i neyd po:b pe:6,
1 there are two ways of doing everything ' ; / o:ys na dim digon o
wynt i asguyd 3 briga, * there is not enough wind to shake, the
branches ' ; *" aros, i weitjad, ' meanwhile ; until, to last until ' :
brextan i aros pry:d> ' a piece of bread and butter to last until
a meal ' ; an lodgo i aros ka:yl ty:, ' taking lodgings until one can
find a house ' ; i dexra, ' to begin with '. (3) after adjectives :
denoting adaptability for a certain purpose : may gwarQag dy.on
dy gletlax i 8al 2 d0wyd, ' black cattle are hardier for standing the
weather ' ; mi vy:§ sn de:g i vynd i r kappal, l it will be fine for
going to chapel ' ; may hi n haus i dreiljo, * it is easier to digest ' ;
huylys i gar jo r y:d, ' convenient for carrying the corn ' ; ma:
r dre: m we[ i vyu, ' the town is better to live in ' : mi vasa kavod
m nobl i 9stun 9 {u:x, { a shower would be splendid for laying the
dust ' ; — especially with rhy: : may n rhy: o:yr i vynd 9m bennoQ a[an,
' it is too cold to go out bareheaded ' ; du i n rhy: vlt:r i vynd
alan, ' I am too untidy to go out ' ; ma: nu n ghy: lartf i farad
hm'ra:igt ' they are too proud to speak Welsh '. 2. before nouns :
(a) 'for the purpose of: dim amsar i Mm, 'no time for any-
thing ' ; i be: may hmny n da: />, ' what is the good of this ? ' ; d idi
0 n da: i dim, ' he is good for nothing '.
III. before an infinitive, after adjectives and nouns of various
other senses such as those of skill, capacity, habitual inclination,
desire, etc., generally expressed in English by ' at ' : deffa i neyd
pe:6, ' skilful in doing a tiling ' ; y:n da: j nun 9di o i n'eyd kampja,
' he is good at all sorts of tricks ' ; y:n sa:l i vytta, ' one who is
very bad at eating ' ; 'a 'niban jaun i n'eyd i gwaiQ, ' very slow at
doing their work ' ; da\i n y:n garu jaun i wisgo x sgidja, ' you
are very bad at wearing out your boots ' ; awyt i weiQjo, ' a desire
to work '.
IV. before an infinitive dependent upon another verb, as dal
1 vytta, ' to continue to eat ' ; krevy ar ru:in i 6u:ad, ' to beg
some one to come'; luybo i n'eyd rubaB, 'to succeed in doing
something ' ; para'toi i vynd, ' to prepare to go ', etc.
V. before an infinitive of passive meaning, denoting poten-
tiality : ma: kro:yn zr o:yn a kro:yn 9 davad i welad mor ammal
a i giltb 9n 9 var\nad (prov.), ' the lamb's skin and the sheep's
skin are to be seen equally often in the market ' ; 9 may lippin
0 hu:yl i ga:yl, ' there is a bit of fun to be got '.
VI. before an infinitive of passive meaning, denoting necessity,
expediency, etc. : nid 9 bobol sy i veio, ' it is not the people who
are to be blamed ' ; — similarly with bo:d : may gwraig i vod myvyt
1 u gu:r, * a wife should be obedient to her husband ' ; may hiivo:d
m wastad) ' it should be, it is supposed to be flat ' (but is e. g.
warped) ; ma na dri: i vo:d, ' there ought to be three '.
VII. between two nouns, denoting the relationship of one
person or object to another as regards position : ty n o:l i xi,
' behind you ' ; drost 9 forb i r ty:, ' on the opposite side of the
road to the house ' ; 9 ty: kletta i r klaub, ' the sheltered side of
the wall ' ; ar o\or aral i r avon, ' the other side of the river ' ;
meun rhiu viUir i abar, ' within a mile or so of Aber '.
VIII. denoting possession : cido i vi: 3di o, ' it is my property ' ;
esp. as regards debts : may arna i du.y geinjog i \i:, ' I owe you
twopence '. Similarly, denoting kinship : mer\ i u mha:p i, ' her
son's daughter '.
IX. denoting the complement required to complete a certain
number : he:n wraig 9n dair blu:y& i gant o:yd, ' an old woman
ninety-seven years old ' ; meun fair i bedwar igjan> t seventy-seven ' ;
224 *
— so, of the time of day : vaint ddi i \we:x ?, ' how long is it till
six o'clock ' ; igjan mynyd iy:n or 8e:g, ' twenty minutes to eleven ' ;
xvuartar i bymp, ' a quarter to five '.
X. denoting some point in past or future time, considered in
its relation to some other point of time : tair usnos i heity'u, ' three
weeks to-day '.
XI. after adjectives or adverbs denoting likeness, proximity,
etc. (i) ' likeness ' : may nu n debig i u gilib, 'they are like one
another '. (2) ' proximity ' : dn agos i bymp, ' nearly five o'clock ' ;
dn agos i r ta:n^ ' near the fire '. (3) ' an attitude of mind towards ' :
dn drdmp i giliS, 'true, loyal to one another ', etc.
XII. after nouns, adjectives, and adverbs — with the main
idea of advantage or disadvantage, expediency, possibility, or
necessity — generally represented in English by 'for', (i) nouns :
by:§ hunna m be:6 meyQyn i mi, ' that will be a treat for me ' ;
ply.an i x gu:r ddi o, 'it is a feather in your husband's cap ' ;
hurax gna:nu elu go 8a: i x*\ 'perhaps they will bring you in
a good deal of profit ' ; may y golad i xi, 'it is a loss for you ' ;
may m bry:d i xi vynd i x gw*ly, 'it is time for you to go to
bed ' ; dim posib i ne:b vynd i veun, ' nobody can get in ' ; rhaid
i xi weibi, ' you must call ' ; heb raid nag axos i xi neyd o, * without
any cause or necessity for you to do it'. (2) adjectives and
adverbs : ddi hi n du:ad dn dstuyB i xi ru:an ?, ' is it getting
easier for you now ? ' ; basa n werB i xi gweld nu, ' it would be
worth while for you to see them ' ; wel i mi\ ' I had better ' ; wayB
i mi, ' I might as well '.
XIII. the so-called " ethic dative " (extremely common) : may
nfu:r i xi, ' certainly ' ; ma: r a:lt ma n drom jaun i xi, ' this hill
is very steep ' ; ddna^ i xi 'an'luk /, ' that's very unlucky ! ' ; by:o n
way I jaun i xi, ' he was very ill '.
XIV. to bring a person or thing into relation with a statement
made concerning them, (i) in adjectival phrases : ty: ag y:n dru:s
z'8o vo, ' a house with one door '. (2) in a simple statement : may
y:n la:u dn vu:y na r lal z'8z hi, ' one of her hands is bigger than
the other ' ; bluyfyn vy:d pa:r o sgidja dm para i nha:d, ' my father's
boots last a year '.
XV. ' for, on behalf of ' : kqy 9 dru:s z'do vo, ' to shut the door
for him ' ; dui wedi grieyd kamp i xi heno, ' I have done something
difficult for you to-night which you could not ' ; na: i Inay nu i xi
' I will clean them for you '.
XVI. /followed by a noun or pronoun and infinitive, (i) in
a subject phrase, with the verb ' to be ' : 0:8 dru:g i mi gay hun ?,
' was I wrong in shutting this ? ' (' was my shutting this wrong ? ').
(2) when in a sentence of the form may o y gobeiOjo du:ad i\\e action
of the verb is transferred to a person or thing other than the
subject, e.g. may o y gobeiBjo ibo vo 8u:ad, 'he hopes that he
will come'; may hi ifo (i.e. 'mae ami hi eisieu', equivalent to
235
' raae hi yn dymuno 'j /' \i vytta hunna, l she wants you to cat
that ' ; may r doktor ij*o ibo vo gayl tippin o stibjant, ' the doctor
wants him to have a little rest*. (3) in sentences of the form:
preposition + »'-f noun (pronoun) + infinitive: di:ol\ am i \i tityd
bo:d . . ., ' thank you for saying that . . .'. (4) in sentences of the
form : preposition + ;' + noun (pronoun) + infinitive where the
whole has the force of : conjunction + subject + finite verb, e.g.
er ido vynd, ' in spite of his going ' = ' though he went ' : ar o:l
i \i or/an gweiBjo, ' when you have finished working ' ; kodi sa\ad
ar ben klaub erbyn i drol baf'o> 'to put a sack on the top of a wall
to wait for a cart to pass ' ; du i wedi gntyd 9 ta:n er muyn i r du:r
dummo, ' I have lit the fire to heat the water (for the water to
\\ arm) ' ; mi vy:& dtgon o bobol heb Hi hi: vyndt ' there will be plenty
of people without her going ' ; heb Ho ubod, ' without him knowing '
(but heb ubod t'8o, ' unconsciously ') ; Kin i r gla.-u bu:ad, ' before
the rain comes ' ; rhag Ho don, * for fear of it breaking ' ; rhak
ovn idi vuru, ' for fear it rains ' ; )r y\a y:n ar 9 fork uB i \i
rynd i bentir, ' the highest one on the road when you go to Pentir ' ;
miltir wedi i \iadal {yn ogwan, ' a mile after you leave Llyn Ogwen '.
(5) in sentences of the same type as (4) where *' stands for er
muyn ;'or rhag i — d0u\ a wduyb a£ eda i (= er muyn i) mi rot
boilum arno vo, ' bring me a needle and thread for me to put
a button on it ' ; 'lendju\i ssrOjo, for ' tendiwch (rhag) i chwi
syrthio ', ' take care you don't fall '. (6) where a conjunction takes
the place of the preposition before *'. (a) gayl (used as a con-
junction for i gayl, cf. II. i): rhaid i \i ' gy\uyn Kin hannar aur
wedi uyB gad i x* vo:d m fu:r o i weld o, ' you must start before
half-past eight so as to be sure of seeing him ' ; pitti na vasun i: yn
myndsno gayl i mi gayl gu:r, ' what a pity I'm not going there so as
to get a husband '. (b) nes — nes ybynu 8u:ad zn i hola, * until they
come back '. (c) ond — dani wedi klu:ad pe6a da jaun ond i ni bal
•arnynu a gneyd nut ' we have heard some very good things if we
only give heed to them and do them '.
venQig honna, * lend me that ' ; mi ro:Q gora i r ver\, ' he gave up
the girl ' ; — elliptically : dymma vi a de:r ido vo nes 0:6 o y kany,
* I gave him a blow which made him sing out ' ; — gosod 9 ty: ibo vo,
' to let the house to him ' ; kmnig buyd i ru:in, ' to offer some one
food ' ; ma&a ido, f to forgive him ', etc., etc.
XVIII. after nouns expressing a wish, thanks, etc. (verb
understood) : bluybyn newyb Has i x* A ' a Happy New Year to
you ! ' ; dy:b da: i xi, * good day '.
XIX. after verbs of causal meaning : rvo: na:B i mi
4 it was he who made me laugh ' ; may fanny m peri i mi
' that makes me laugh '.
U32 Q
226 /* — idau
XX. after ambal and ammal as ambal i dy:n, c here and there
a man'; ammal i gnok dyr garag (prov.), 'dropping water wears
away a stone '.
i: (unstressed i), pron., i, '!'. (i) as subject to a verb and
following it : d un i dim, ' I do not know ' ; mi dydi's (dydif) i,
1 1 said ' ; mi gwela i o, 'I see him '. (2) as object after an infini-
tive ending in a consonant: dary o yweld t, 'he saw me'; — but
not after a finite verb as kovjux v* at 3X mam, ' remember me to
your mother'; migwtlobvi; mi gwelson vi ; — or when a subject
ending in a consonant follows the verb, e.g. mi gripjob 9 ga:B vi
hevo i fawan, ' the cat scratched me ' ; mi vaglod dfeynan vi,
' I tripped over a bramble '. (3) as complement to vat 9, ' my ' ;
vi never occurs in this connection except after vowels, and even
then rarely. See also mi:, vi:.
t, adj., ei, D., — but always i (y) before Salesbury, and still written
'i' in 'i gyd', — 'his'; i «, i, 'to his'. Takes the vocalic
mutation, the complement being o(:) or vo(-) ; i dad = ' pater
suus ' ; i da:d o = ' pater ejus '. i is often omitted before an
infinitive, leaving only the vocalic mutation, as dary o weld o, ' he
saw him ' ; be daxi n deyd />, ' what do you say ? ' This is, of
course, especially the case after a word ending in i, e.g. dani wedi
weld o, ' we have seen him ' ; dary ni weld o, ' we saw him '. For
' a'i ' before a verb see a (rel.).
i, adj., ei, D. (but cf. above), ' her ' ; i u, t, ' to her '. Takes the
spirant mutation : m becomes mh, n becomes nh, as i mha:p i, ' her
son ' ; i nhain hi, ' her grandmother '. Words beginning with
a vowel take h, as i hewyrB, 'her uncle'. For i preceding an
infinitive cf. i (' his '). Examples are 8ary o Baro hi, dary niQaro hi,
dani wedi Baro hi. For ' a'i ' before a verb see a (rel.).
i, adj., eu, D. In Mid. Welsh eu and i(y), 'their'; i u, i, 'to
their'. Takes the radical, but m becomes mh, n becomes nh, and
words beginning with a vowel take h, as i mham, 'their mother ';
i nhain, ' their grandmother ' ; i hewyrQ, ' their uncle '. The com-
plement is nu (emphatic nhu:}. Often omitted before an infinitive,
as dary o hattab nu, dary o gweld nu, dani wedi gweld nu. For
' a'u ' before a verb see a (rel.).
i for e in na:K i, nag 6, D., for Mid. Welsh nac ef, ' no '.
i:a, adv., ie, D., ' yes ', ' it is so ' : i r dre: -'eyBoxi ? £0, ' (is it) to
the town you went ? ' Ans. ' it is so ', i. e. ' did you go to the town ? '
' Yes ' ; t#wy§ maur, t e: ? i:a wi:r, ' rough weather, isn't it ? '
Ans. ' Yes ' ; ty: bra:v 9di hunna. i:a, nt e: ?, l this is a fine house '.
Ans. ' Yes, isn't it ? '
idauy s.m., pi. zdewon, Iddew, rectius luddew, D. (but Iddew
always before Salesbury. Cf. B.B.C. 102. 2 ; G.C. 144. 23; L.A.
t9au — injon 227
19. 4; 136. 4; C.Ch. 5. 3; Rom. ii. 9, 10, 17), 'Jew ': ta:n &,iu.
iddwf, tan iddwf, D., ' erysipelas '.
ibau, s.m., eiddew, D., ' ivy '. Cf. also irugl,jorugtjurttg,jut
murigl, murugl, njurigl, urogl.
•igam-ogam, 'miga'moga, -iga'moga, adv., igam ogam, ' zigzag, in
a jagged fashion' : paid a i dori o -miga-moga (E.J.), 'do not cut
it in a jagged fashion ' ; agor ghe.-s >n 'iga'moga (O.H.), ' to dig
a furrow (e.g. for potatoes) crooked, zigzag*.
i&einvad, adj., ugeinfed, D., s.v. 'vicesimus'; igieinfed, C.C.M.
i. 3 ; ' twentieth'.
igjan, s. and adj., pi. &tinja, ugain, D. ; igien, C.C.M. 3. i :
vgian, 5. 1 2 ; ' twenty ' : y:n ar higjan, ' .?i ' ; xwe.-\ igjan, ' 1 20 '
(= kant a£ igjan) ; saiQ igjan, ' 140 ' ; y:n igjan ar &e:g a fedwar,
' 224 ' ; ptmQag igjan, ' 300 ' ; meun fair i bedwar igjan, ' 77 (years
old) ' ; er s dros igjan mlmab, ' for over twenty years ' ; /ttnja v
weiBja, ' scores of times ' ; fceinja o vilob, ' scores of thousands ' ;
igjan durnod, ' twenty days ' ; igjan o devoid, ' twenty sheep '. Cf.
deigjan, xweigjan, trigjan.
if, pron., ill, D., 'they' (before numerals, of two or three
persons) : if day, ' they two '. Also transferred to the first or
second person plural : rni: il tri:ob, ' we three '.
impin (J.J.), nimpin (O.H.), s.m., impin, W.S. [An impe] ;
impyn, D., s.v. « surculus ' ; ' a shoot for grafting '.
impjad (J.J.), nimpjad (O.H.), s., impiad, D.G. clxii. 22 ; D., s.v.
' emphyteusis '. (i ) ' shooting ' (of leaves) : nimpjad 3 dail (O.K.).
(2) 'grafting ' (by inserting shoots).
impjo (}.]•)> w'mfifo(QM\ v., impio, W.S. [Graffe] ; Rom. xi. 23 ;
D.P.O. 295. 14. (i) 'to shoot' (of trees or leaves) : may r goydan
yn impjo reit net's (J.J.) ; may r dail m nimpjo (O.H.). (2) 'to
graft by inserting snoots into a stock '.
indja, ' India ' : eli r indja, ' zinc ointment '.
indgan, s.f., pi. indgans, ' engine, machine ' : indgan maly gwair,
* hay-chopping machine ' ; indgan 8?rny, ' threshing machine ' ;
indgan dam, ' fire-engine ' ; indgan wni:o, ' sewing machine '.
inig, adj., unig, D., ' alone ' ; m inig, « only '.
injon, adj., union, D., s.v. ' rectus '. (i) ' straight ' : Kin injonad
a hayl dru:y dul ; Kin injonad a sa:y6, ' as straight as a die, as an
arrow ' ; tinny ku:ys injon, ' to make a straight furrow ' ; ar *\ injon,
'straight on'. (2) 'just, exactly': r y: va:6 m injon, 'just the
same ' ; dma \i' n injon, ' just so ' ; xwe-'X o r glo:\ *n injon, ' six
o'clock exactly ' ; m injon o 'danani, * just below us ' ; may o n
aktjo vo n injon, ' he takes him off exactly ' ; — also m injon de:g+
Q a
22% injoni — if'o
(3) * presently ' (esp. in the form m injon de:g) : mi gaun i
o la:u n injon, ' we shall have more rain presently '.
injoni \njon{\.
innay pron., inneu, Rev. Hi. 21 (cf. inheu, W.B. col. 2. 19;
innheu, col. 3. 2). Conjunctive form of z>, ' I, me ' : du inna n
mynd alan, ' I am going out too ' ; Keru'xi: dna y gmta, mi do: inna
ma tok, ' you go there first ; I'll come presently ' ; trawa di: vi:, mi
irawa inna di&a, ' you strike me, and I'll strike you ' ; wela inna
m ono vo, ' I don't see it either '.
ink, s.m., ingc, D.G. cxciii. 12; Jer. xxxvi. 18, 'ink'.
iykum, s.m., inkwm, W.S., ' income '.
i:og, s., eog, D. This word seems to occur in dra:yn z>0g-(O.H.),
' bass ' (Morone labrax). This fish is, however, called dreynog at
Bangor. Cf. W.S., ' draenoc pysc ' [base] — cf. also si:l 9 go:g.
The word for ' salmon ' is sammon.
z'rad, adj., iraidd, D., * of succulent growth ' ; ' full of vigour ' ;
' supple ' : kb'ydan, dy:n, hogan, Kefyl irad ; s£idja astuyQ zra8.
irdrug, s., ir and trwngc (?), cf. irdrw'c, M.F., ' urine kept
formerly for various purposes, such as dyeing, fulling cloth, etc.'
Also used formerly for dipping beans and wheat before sowing,
with the intention of making them unpalatable to mice, birds, etc.
(J.J.). C(.golx.
iro \hiro\
irugl, s.m., eiddiorwg, D., s.v. 'eiddew'; iorwg, R., ' ivy '. Cf. idau.
t:s, is, D., only in i:s la:u, prep., ' beneath ' : i:s la:u syhi,
i beneath notice '.
tsal, adj., comp. t:s, eq. isad, sup. z'sa, tsela, isel, D., { low' : may
r ta:n wedi mynd m z'sal, ' the fire is low '; tippin i:s ilaur, ' a little
lower down ' ; may n btgon isal arno vo, ' he is in rather low water,
rather badly off ' ; ?r e:n z'sa, ' the lower jaw ' ; may o n isal i zsbryd,
i he is low-spirited ' ; jaiQ tsal, ' low, unseemly language '.
iseldar, s., iselder, D., ' lowness ' : iseldar asbryd, ' lowness of
spirits, dejection'.
ista, v., eistedd, D. ; cf. eiste, W.B. col. 16. 35; 226. 32; iste
occurs in B.B.C. 59. 7. Pret. S. i. sfedis, 3. stedod. PI. 3. s/edson.
Imperative ista, s/eda ; s/e8ux, ' to sit ' ; — used substantively : kodi
ar i ista, ' to sit up ' (cf. Fr. ' sur son se'ant ').
if'o, s., eisiau, D. (i) 'want, destitution', Fr. 'misere': d/o8a
if'O) ( to suffer want3. (2) ' want, need ', Fr. 'besoin', followed by
the preposition ar when the pronoun is expressed: ma na i if'o
buyd, ' J am hungry ' ; ma na i if'o di:od, ' I am thirsty ' ; be s ant
if'o? (i.e. beth sydd arnat ti ei eisieu?), ' what dost thou want ? ' ;
229
be s a\i if'o />, be s no\i ifo ?, 4 what do you want ? ' ; ma na \
if'o i \i vynd, ' 1 want you to go ' ; hura\ mat ifo du:r sy arnn
vo, ' perhaps it wants water ' ; mi 60:6 o adra ag ifo buiyd </
' he came home hungry ' ; — when the noun is expressed ar is often
omitted : may d* vam d ifo di, ' your mother wants you ' ; — used
absolutely : da:u dim by:d pe vy:& ifo vo (i. e. ' pan fydd ei eisieu '),
' nothing comes when it is wanted ' ; hynny sy ifo a scysnag (i. e.
* sydd ei eisieu '), * all the English necessary ' ; / o:s na Mm ifo vo
ru:an, ' it is not wanted now ' ; — used in a kind of appositive sense :
;/// eifi fop a sfcidja ifo i t£ufo> ' I went into a shop with some
boots which wanted mending' ; y:n bur etto ifo i glirjo, 'one more
table that wants clearing'; — from such expressions as be s axi ifo />,
the transition is easy to be da\i if'o? Thus instances like the
following are frequent : du i Mm ifo vo, ' 1 don't want it ' ; 'cyka\i
ifo vo /, ' did you want it ? ' The original form, however, always
occurs in answers to questions, e. g. da\i ifo hun />, ' do you want
this ? ' Ans. o.ys, ' yes '. Cf. the use of ovn. — The verb ' to be ' is
often omitted in quick speech, e.g.: ifo nod o a{an, 'I want to
fetch it out ' ; ifo karBy kut ) varlan, ' I want to clean out the pony
shed ' ; ifo taly ?, ' do you want to pay ? '
ift, interj., ust, D. ; ist, B.C. 33. 29, 'hush*.
iu, s.f., yw, D., ' yew' : koydan tu, ko.yd iu.
tus, s., ' use ' : dim ius aros M 3 ty:, ' it is no use stopping in the
house ' ; vasa dim ius i mi vedul mynd Kim be\ad, ' it would be no
use for me to think of going so far ' ; lummy d rubaQ er mu:yn ka:yl
ius 9 yhorf, * to take an aperient '.
iufo, v., iwsio, C.L.C. ii. 22. 3, ' to use'.
ivan, Ifan, ' John ' : gu:yl ivan, ' Midsummer's Day ' : bfa ivan,
1 mugwort ' (Artemisia vulgaris).
ivans, ' Evans '.
ivayk, adj., comp. veyax (rarely j'eyax), eq. veyad, sup. veya, pi.
wiyk, ieuangc, D. ; cf. ifangk, K.H. 19. 27, 'young': rvi: ydi
r vcya, * I am the youngest ' ; pobol ivayk, iviyk, ' young people ' ;
gwarQag ivayk, ' young cattle '.
a:
ja:d \a:d\.
jai6, s.f., p\.jti0o&, iaith, D. (i) ' language ', Fr. Mangue': may gin
i bedar jaid, ' I know four languages ' ; tr jaiB vain, ' English '.
(2) 'language', Fr. 'langage': jat'6 &ru:g, jaiB isal, etc., 'bad
language, low language, etc.'
Ja.-x, adj., comp. ja\ax, iach, D. (i) 'healthy': Kin ja\ad a
230 janto — jay
\rieyan, ja:\ vel z geirxan, "as right as a trivet", " as sound as
a bell " ; os byu ag ja:\, ' D.V. ' (2) ' healthy, conducive to health ' :
le: ja:x jaun sdt baygor, ' Bangor is a very healthy place'. (3)
' wholesome '.
janto, pet name for ' Ifan '.
jayy, v., ehengu, D. ; cf. iangwr pro eangwr, D. ; ianged
(= changed), C.C. 102. 21, 'to extend, to widen': jayy w
smjada (E.J.), ' to widen your ideas ' ; jayy 3 ti:r ; jayy ka:y, gard
(O.K.).
ja:r, s.f., p\.jeir, iar, D., ' hen ' : magy jeir, ' to rear poultry ' ;
may r ja:r ay gori, ' the hen is sitting ' ; may rjeir zy kluydo, ' the
hens are roosting ' (cf. also kokjan, /rest) ; — kut jeir, ' hen-coop ' ;
mynd vel ja:r i §0duy, ' to go like a hen to lay', i.e. 'to go off
suddenly ' ; r u:ti velja:r ar 9 gla:u, ' you run off like a hen when
rain comes ' ; an mynd velja:r 2y Kerbad ar varwor ta:n, ' treading
gingerly' (cf. B.C. 6. 21); velja:r dan badal 'glum, disconsolate';
also ' disproportionate ', e. g. of a hat too big for the head ; r he:n
ja:r /, term of contempt for a man, ' a busybody ' ; mugud 9r jeir,
' blind man's buff ' ; ja:r du:r, ' moor-hen ' (Gallinula chloropus) ;
ja:r 9 mwjyd, l grouse ' (all species) ; ja:r vo:r, ' lump-sucker ' (Cyclo-
pterus lumpus) ; also a kind of shell-fish (Aporrhais pes-pelicani).
jard, s.f., pi. jerdyft, ' yard '.
ja:s, s.m., \>\.jasa; af'a (O.H.), ias, D. (i) 'shiver': af'aoirjon
truybo vo i gi:d, 'cold shivers all over'. (2) 'a touch of cold or
heat ' : may ja:s digon o:yr hetty'u, ' there is rather a cold touch in
the air to-day ' ; may eira n du:ad. — syt da\i y gubod ? — du i n
teimlo ja:s m 9 rhu:yn i, ' snow is coming. How do you know ? I
feel the cold in my nose ' (O.H.) ; d0ru^ja:s o veru arno vo, ' give
it a touch of boiling '.
ja:B, s.f., iaeth, D., ' glacialitas ' ; ' frosty, still, snowy weather ' :
may ja:B o:yr jaun heno, may hi n rhewi ; — may n ja:6 drom (JJ.)
O.H. hasya: — may r ja: ma n o:yr.
jaun, iawn, D. Adjective : ' right, suitable, good ' : sr amsar
jaun, ' the right time ' ; zr enujaun, ' the right name ' ; wedi kayl
<> dru:g ma njaun, ' having got that evil righted ' ; famro jaun zdi o,
' he is a good Welshman ' ; er s meitin jaun, ' since a good long
time'; — also in various intensive senses: may hi m buru n jaun
o hy:d, ' it keeps on raining hard ' ; may hi y gweifti n jaun, ' she is
shouting loud '. — Adverb : ' very ' : maur jaun.
jaun, s., iawn, D., ' compensation ' : kadjaun ; — gneydjaun am
9 kam, ' to atone for the wrong '.
jay, lau, D., s.v. 'difiau', dyw ieu, L.A. 130. 5, in dy:b jau,
' Thursday ' = divja.
jay, s.m., afu, au, D., ' liver ' : da: vel jay, tori vel jay is said of
slates easily split.
jqy—kadax «3i
jay, s.f., pljfya, iau, D., 'yoke ' ; also, ' yoke over the shoulders
for carrying milk, etc.'
je\idy s.m., iechyd, D., * health ' : ar k:s dje\id, ' for the good of
your health ' ; jexid da /, ' your good health 1 ' ; jexid i x kalon */'/,
expression of approval nearly equivalent to ' bravo ! '
jex>durjaQ, s.f., iechyd wriaeth, D., s.v. ' iachawdwriaeth ' ; Psalm
lii. 2, etc., ' salvation '.
jeyktid, s., ieuengctid, D., s.v. ' iuuentus ' ; ieungctid, C.C. 105. i ;
1 06. 14, 'youth '.
jeyo, v., ieuo, D., ' to yoke '.
jogyn (J.J.) ; okkyn (O.H.), s., ogyn, ' a turn with a harrow ' : bata
n we£ rhoi jogyn droslo etto (J. J.).
jonaur, s., lonawr, K.H. 38. 35, ' January '.
jurx, s., iwrch, D., ' caprea mas' [roebuck], (i) known as name
of an animal (O.H.). Cf. the place-name pant >r jur\. (2) as term
of reproach : he:njur\ o he:n ty:n 9dihun a hun>—brunt^parodir9u
(O.H).
jurugl (I.W.) \jurug (I.W. ; O.H.) \jorug (O.H.), s.m., eiddiorwg,
D., s.v. ' eiddew ' ; iorwg, R., • ivy '. Cf. itau.
kabalatfo, v., cf. calarlatsio, C.F. 1890, p. 31 4. i, 'to talk nonsense '
(I.W.) —farad ar draus pen a klistja (O.K.).
kaban, s.m.,caban, D. (i) ' small cottage, cabin ' : r u:li wedi gneyd
kaban reit gly:d ; — kaban krubi was formerly the name of a small
cottage at Llanfairfechan (O.H.). — Not in general use in this sense.
(2) ' cabin ' (of a ship). (3) ' eating-shed ' (in quarries).
kabarbiljo, v., cabarddulio, T.N. 295. 24, 'to talk nonsense'
(I.W.).
kabatf, kabaitf, s.pl., sing, kabatfan, f.f cabets, T.N. 173. 10,
' cabbages ' : kabatfkoxjon, ' red cabbages ' ; kabatf gunjon, ' green
cabbages' (for the sake of distinction); kabaitj 't four (}.}.), ' broad-
leaved plantain ' (Plantago major) = dail lorjaid.
kabatfo, v., ' to cabbage, to crib ' (W.H.) : kabatfo po:b pt:B arna
j r 0:§ 0 ;— kabatfo kluyta — klatfo kluyba (O.H.).
kablur, s.m., cablwr, i Tim. i. 13, 'blasphemer'.
kably, v., cablu, D., ' to blaspheme ' : kably dyu ; — kably a rhegi,
' to curse and swear '.
kadax, s.m., pi. kada\a, cadach, D., ' a cloth ' : kadax gfcn (in
slate quarries), ' knee-rag, fastened round the knee with a buckle, to
2 3 2 kadar — kadu
protect the clothes when trimming slates ' ; kadax gubu, ' neck-
cloth ' ; kadax laur, ' floor-cloth' ; kadax lestri, 'dish-cloth'; kadax
pokkad, 'handkerchief (seldom used = haykatf pokkad) ; kadax
gwlanan, ' a flannel '.
kadar, s.f., pi. kadeirja, cadair, D., ' chair ' : kadar vrei'xja, ' arm-
chair ' ; kadar sigh, ' rocking-chair ' ; tro:yd kadar, ' leg oif a chair'.
kadarn, adj., pi. Kedyrn, cadarn, D., ' solid, firm ' : dy:n kadarn ar
i garn (O.H.), ' a man of his word ' ; dy:n kadarn ar i vargan
(O.H.), ' a man who sticks to a bargain ' ; may r walm rhy: simsan,
if'o grieyt i y gadarn.
kadi, Cadi, D.G. cxcix. i; T.N. 5. n, pet name for 'Catherine'
= katrin ; — he:n gadi (of men), ' an old woman ; one who is con-
tinually meddling with other people's business and finding fault
with everything and everybody ' • kadi genod, ' a boy who goes
after girls '.
kadlas, s.f., pi. kadleif'a (?), cadlais and cadlas, D., 'rick-yard':
may gwa:s zy ka:yl i nabod uQ i gadlas (prov.).
kadu, v., cadw, D. Fut. S. 2 kadwi, 3. kadwiQ, kadiB \keidu\.
Pret. S. i. kadwis, 3. kadwoti. PI. 3. kadson. Pres. Subj. \katto\.
Imperative kadu ; kadux, ' to keep '. (i) Transitive (a) ' to keep,
maintain ' : kadu gwa:s, Hi:, fop, ' to keep a servant, dog, shop '.
(b) ' to keep, preserve (in a particular place) ' : le: i gadu gwair,
'a place for keeping hay', (c) 'to keep' as opposed to throwing
away, squandering, etc. : os na xadwidi dim vy:dgm ti dim. (d) ' to
keep, reserve ' (for a particular purpose) : kadu ka:y an wair, ' to
keep a field for hay '. (e) ' to keep ' (in the memory) : kadu kmni
vaintvy:§ o bo:b y:n, ' to keep count how many there are of each ' ;
kadu i g2mra:ig, ' to keep up one's Welsh '. (f) * to keep, keep
safe, protect ' : may rhubaB m ay kadu ni b lau klo: a \likjad,
4 something keeps us safe besides lock and latch ' ; nid in hi:r z
Keidu r djaul i wa:s ; dru:g 9 K'tidu r djaul i wa:s (prov.), ' the devil
does not long preserve his dupe ' ; katto paub ! ; dyu katto (gatto)
paub / excl. of astonishment, ' good gracious ! ', i.e. ' God preserve
us all' (not common = gwarxod ni: ! gwarxod paub /). (g) with
rhag. ' to keep from ' : 3 pren hunu sy y kadu 3 treif'a rhag kravy
oxor 9 Kefyl, ' that piece of wood which keeps the traces Irom
chafing the side of the horse '. (h) * to keep, maintain (in a
certain state or position) ' ; kadu 3 du:r 3y gsnnas, ' to keep
the water warm ' ; kadu 9 hvruy n sad, ' to keep the saddle
firm ' ; kadu ta:n, ' to keep a fire (alight) ' ; kadu meun trevn, ' to
keep in order '. (i) ' to keep (waiting) ' : ma na i ovn mod i n
t\ kadu 3mma, ' I am afraid I am keeping you waiting here '.
(j) 'to keep, hold fast to ' : kadu atiewid, ' to keep a promise '.
((k) ' to go to, keep up one's attendance ' : may hi y kadu i
f&sgol, ' she goes to school '. (1) ' to keep a secret ' : neiO o 8im
i — kaktnas 233
kadu dim by:d, ' he can't keep a secret, he won't keep anything
to himself '. (m) ' to put away ' (Anglo- Welsh • keep ') : ntuxi gadu
? lyvr ma ?, ' will you put away this book ? ' ; mynd i yhadu, ' to go
to bed '. (n) Phrases : kadu i ben, ' to keep quiet about somct
not to say a word ' ; kadu ri:at, su:n, luru, ' to make a noise '. (2)
Intransitive : (a) « to keep, remain in a certain position ' : kadu dra:u,
4 to keep off '. (b) ' to keep ' (of provisions, etc.), • not to go bad '.
•kadumrgei, s.m., ' money-box '. Also boks •kadumi'ge'i.
kaf, s.m., caff, S.E., 'a grasp ', esp. in the expression ka/giva:g.
i. e. 'a reaching out of the hand to catch hold of something and
failing', e.g. in the dark, or 'to catch hold of something which
gives way ', e. g. in rock-climbing.
Kaf, s., caff, S.E., Eng. (Dial.) caff [a hoe, instrument for hoeing
and earthing up potatoes], Wor., Shr., 4 a three-pronged iron rake
used e.g. for unloading manure from carts '.
kaf jo, v., caphio, D., s.v. ' abripere '. (i) ' to snatch ' : kafjo arjan
m -ayrvreiBlon. (2) 'to grope ' : kafjo m 9 tufcx. (3) ' to guess ' :
da\i ivedi kafjo n o le:u, ond daxt Mm mjaun.
Kafjo, v., ' to use a Kaf'.
kaib, s.f., pi. Keibja, caib, D., ' mattock ' : kaib gro:ys, * road-side
pick ' ; troyd kaib, ' handle of a mattock '.
kaiyk, s.f., pi. Keiykja, caingc, D. (i) ' main branch of a tree '.
(2) * knot ' (in wood). (3) ' one of the strands of a thread or rope ' :
eda dair kaiyk. (4) with kany : kany katyk ru:in = kany klyl ru:in,
1 to decry some one '.
kais, s.m., pi. Keifada, cais, D., ' thing sought after, aim ' : dma
vy: i gais o, ag 9 may wedi ga:yl o.
kakka, s., caca, S.E., ' dung' (childish word).
kakkan, s.f., pi. kalienna, Kenna, caccen, D., ' cake ' : kakkan
brjodas, ' wedding-cake ' ; kakkan dattus, ' potato cake ' ; kakkan
berfro, ' a kind of small scalloped cake, made of an equal weight
of flour, sugar, and butter ', cf. krogan berfro ; kakkan go:x, a kind
of gingerbread.
•kakKi'mukKi, s.m., cacamwcci, D. ; caccymwcci, G.O. ii. 49. 20,
* burdock' (Arctium Lappa and kindred species) = Kedor 3r wra:\.
kakkun, s.pl. and s.m.; sing, also kakman, f, caccwn, DM
* bumble-bee ', but also used indiscriminately for any insect which
buzzes : mi vy:b o ar ny:B kakkun, ' he will be on a hornets' nest ' ;
sunjan vel kakkun meun 6)-:s ko.'x, ' to buzz like a bumble-bee in A
foxglove ', said ot some one who is always grumbling ; kakkun meirx
= gwenyn meirx, * wasps ' ; kakkun kut, a facetious name for a pig.
kahnas, s.f., cacynes, S.E., fern, of kakkun, a term of reproach
for a woman : ta:u ?r hem gahnas grtral !
234 kaxgi — kalpjo
kaxgi, s.m., cachgi, O.P., ' a submissive, cowardly fellow '—gwel
gmo vo g9mmyd kam na gneyd kam i aral;—jaxa kro:yn kro:yn
kaxgi (prov.), O.K.
kaxy, v., cachu, D., 'cacare'.
kal, s.f., caly, D., ' penis '.
kalad, adj., pi. kledjon, comp. klettax, caled, D. ; sup. clettaf,
G.R. 52.6. (i) ' hard ' : Kiy gletlad a \raig ^ a xnrag / — vel heyarn
sba:yn o galad, ' as hard as Spanish steel ' ; berwi wy:a y galad, * to
boil eggs hard '. (2) ' hardy ' : ma: r gwarQag dy:on dy glettax i fal
<> derwy§, ' black cattle stand the weather belter '. (3) ' hard, harsh '
(of persons) = to:st : kalad u& 9 tlaud. (4) ' determined ' = pender-
vmoL (5) ' fast, quick ' : mynd 3y glettax.
kalan, s., calan, D., ' calends ' : no:s galan, ' New Year's Eve ' ;
calan Mai (May 13) becomes klamma; calan gaeaf (Nov. 13)
becomes klaygeya.
kalan, s.f., pi. kleni, agalen, D. (i) 'whetstone' = kalan hogi.
(2) ' bar ' of salt or soap : kalan o halan, kalan o sebon.
kalap, s., ' gallop ' : mynd ar galap, — esp. in fig. sense : ' to go
with zest, to go swimmingly ' : may hi n mynd ar galap 9mma heno
= mynd 9n huiljog, gbvar (O.H.).
kalkjo, v., kalkio, W.S. [Calke], ' to caulk' : kalkjo loy.
kalx, s.m., calch, D., ' lime ' : odyngalx, ' lime-kiln ' ; karag galx,
' limestone ' ; kalx po:yQ> ' quicklime '.
kalxan, s.f., calchen, " a stone or lump of unslaked lime ", S.E. :
Kin luyttad (wynnad] a xa/X<zn, ' as pale as a sheet '.
kalon, s.f., pi. klonna, klanna^ callon, W.B. col. 416. i. 2, etc.;
Yny Ihyvyr hwnn [25] 3; G.R. (4) 14 ; calon, D., 'heart'; also
' heart ' of timber, etc. : pul kalon, ' the pit of the stomach ' ; tori (t)
galon, ' to break one's heart ', also, in much milder sense : ' to be
down-hearted ' ; may o wedi tori galon m la:n loyu, ' he has utterly
broken his heart ' ; also, ' he has entirely lost heart ' ; kodi x kalon,
1 to cheer you up ' ; o fa'vri kalon, ' really, seriously, deeply ' : daxi n
mynd o divri kalon ft ( are you really going ? ' ; kary o 8ivri kalon,
' to love deeply ' ; — o weylod kalon, o weylod 9 ghalpn, ' from the
bottom of my heart ' ; mi dau o pen glu:i6 o ar i gallon, ' he will come
when he feels inclined ' ; vel baba in teimlo ar ^ nhalon, ' as I happen
to be minded ' ; dim zy kany o x kalon ond 9y kany i !a:8 w asbryd,
1 not singing out of the fullness of one's heart, but singing to hide
one's emotion ' ; may o n la:n i galon, ' he is a straightforward man ',
' there is no deceit in him ' ; eli ghalon, plesar vhalon, ' the delight
of my heart ' ; ma n da: gin dy klonna bo:d . . ., c we are delighted
that . . .' As endearing expression : yhalon ba:x i-f, yhafan annuyl
i!, ghalpn ayr i I
kalpjo, v., ' to gallop '.
ka^yn — kambran 235
kalyn, v., calyn, D., corrupte pro canlyn ; D.G. cxlvi. 1 2 ; clxxi.
->4 -,i ; W.LI. ix. 28; Ivii. 38; G.R. 52. \\ ; O.K. [vi] 12; [xii]
2 1, etc.; 3.0.48.7; callyn, G.R. [132]. 15; [136]. 8. Imperative
kbnu\. (i) ' to follow ' : ma: r Ki: y kalyn ar >* o:l */', ' the dog is
following you ' ; Iroi i gajyn po:b awal o wynt, ' to trim one's sails
to every breeze ' ; kalyn Kefyl a Brol, ' to follow the occupation of
a carter '. (2) sometimes used where in English « to come off with,
go with ', etc., would be more usually employed : may r plum *y
ka^yn 9 prokkar, ' the lead comes off with the (red-hot) poker ' ; may
r y:d m mynd i fur i gatyn y gwynl, 'the chaff goes off with the
wind' (in winnowing). (3) the expression i gatyn (i u gajyn) has
sometimes the sense of ' also ', ' with him ', etc. : basun >n ttikjo too
vo du:ad ymma a r (yvr i gatyn, ' I should like him to come here and
bring the book with him ' ; may vanta y gricyd r y:n pt:6 i u gatyn,
' he does the same thing too '. (4) " to follow ", " to keep company
with " : du i y kalyn hunna.
kal, adj., call, D., ' sensible, wise, intelligent' : may hi y ga^jaun,
' she is very sensible ' (e. g. of a baby) ; Kiy ga^ad a sarf, * as wise
as a serpent ' ; hannar gat'r i ga£ (prov.), ' a word to the wise ' ; ptn
gyl? ka^ ve gy^ 9 mhe£ (prov.), ' corruptio optimi pessima'; / 9di
o 8im yy ga£ = (a) ' he is not in his right senses, not right in his
head ' ; (b) ' he is lacking in practical common sense '.
kalinaby s., callineb, D., s.v. ' prudentia ' ; ' sense, intelligence ' :
ktilinab Hi:, Ktfyl, etc.
katino, v., ' to become sensible, wise ' : may n huyr gla:s i ti
galino, ' it is high time for you to become wise '.
kam, s.m., pi. kamma, cam, D., ' step ' : ogam igam, ' step by step' ;
lorn bo:st bo:b kam, ' a high road all the way ' ; hub, kam a neid, ' hop,
skip and jump ' ; kamma breif'on, ' large steps ' (cf. brasgammy) ;
3 kam hnta ddi r kam gora, l the beginning is half the battle '.
kam, s.m., cam, D., ' wrong' : gricyd kam a ru:in, 'to do some
one a wrong ' ; / o:d 9 $hly:st dim wedi grieyd kam a vi:, ' my ears
did not deceive me ' ; may o wedi ka:l kam, ' he has been unjustly
treated', e.g. in not being awarded the prize; ar gam, ' unjustly ' ;
a\yb i gam, 'to defend oneself; gweyQa kam kam gidar (prov.),
' the worst wrong is the wrong of a thief, i. e. * a known delinquent
is always exposed to suspicion '.
kam, adj., pi. Keimjon, cam, D., ' crooked, bent ' : Kiy gammad a
\nmman, ' as bent as a sickle ' (referring to a bent back) ; — ?y gam
vel piso moyyn ; — may o y gam, ' his back is bent ' ; klobja Keimjon,
' crooked walls '.
kambran, s.m., pi. kambrenna, cambren, S.E., ' a piece of wood
placed between the sinews of the hind-feet of a slaughtered animal
to hang it up and expand the legs'. Cf. Eng. (Dial.) cambrel,
camerel, etc.
236 kam dm — kamp
kamdra, s.m., camdra, S.E., 'crookedness*.
-kam-dreiljad, s.m., camdreuliad, S.E., 'indigestion* = difig
treiljad.
-kam'drinjaQ, s.m., camdriniaeth, S.E., ' bad or wrong treatment ' ;
' abuse '.
•kam'dro:, s., camdro, S.E., ' crookedness in dealing ' : welts i §im
-kam-dro: arno vo rro:yd, ' he is perfectly straight in his dealings '.
kamba, s.f., pi. kam'Say, camfa, D., * stile '.
, v., cam-ddywedyd, Psalm cvi. 33, ' to say wrong '.
i s.m., pi. 'karngtmer-jada, camgymmeriad, D., s.v.
* error ' ; * mistake ' : dzna vu:y o 'gamgrmerjad na 'neysoni 9ri'o:yd,
4 this is the biggest mistake we ever made ' ; 9 mzmryn leia o
gamgrmerjad, ' the slightest mistake '.
'kamgrmeryd, v., camgymmeryd, D., s.v. ' allucinor ', * oblucinor ' ;
' to mistake, make a mistake ' : may hi wedi -kamgrmeryd xi hevo
ru:in aral, ' she mistook you for some one else '.
kammab, s., cammedd, D., s.v. ' poples ' ; in the expression
kammaS 9 gar, cammedd garr, D., in human beings ' the ham or
inner angle of the joint which unites the thigh and the leg ' — in
animals ' the hough ' ; and when slaughtered the angle above the
hoof on the hind-legs, by which carcasses are hung up in butchers'
shops, called in some parts ' camerel-houghs '. I have heard the
following variations: kamma gar (O.K.); hmmay gar, hmman
3 8ar (]•]-) 5 fomma gar (Bangor). — mi drawob rubaQ 9 gfomman
i ar (J.J.), ' something struck him on the bend of the knee ' ; linin
kamma gar, ' hamstring '.
kammog, s,, pi. kamoga, cammeg, i Kings vii. 33 : cammog,
G.O. i. 233. 3 ; ' felloe of a wheel '.
kammol) v., canmol, D., s.v. ' laudo ' ; camol, W.LI. xcii. 59, ' to
speak well of ', ' commend '.
kammur, s.m., camwr, S.E., * one who takes long strides ' : os
by:§ gavl dy:n m hi:r may o y gammur maur.
kammy, v., kamy, W.S., t to step ' : kammy dros garag.
kamrny, v., cammu, D., ( to bend ' : kammy i ben, ' to bend his
head'; kammy sgidja, 'to tread down shoes on one side'; mi
gammoS honna in le mynd i veun, ' that (nail) bent instead of
going in '.
kamoljaO, s.m., canmoliaeth, D., s.v. ' laus ' ; ' praise '.
kamp, s.f., pi. kampja, camp, D. (i) ' pre-eminence, excellence ' :
k: by:§ kamp by:§ rhemp (prov.), ' where there is excellence there
will be defect'; kamp ar dy:n 9di bo:d 3n eirwir, ' it is a fine thing
for a man to be truthful ' ; dan gamp, ' splendid ', e.g. pa:r o s&idja
kampjo — kanfciQ 237
dan gamp. (2) ' feat, achievement ' : / >di hunna Mm tygampgaru,
4 that is not much of an achievement' ; / o:ys dim kamp iti /;
m we^ ' it is nothing for her to be proud of that she is super;
dayos i gampja, 'to show off'; kamp i li Uyd be s &in i '/,
can't guess what I have here ! ' ; du i wedi gntyd kamp i */
heno, ' I have done something for you to-night which you could
not have done yourself. (3) ' boisterousness, high spirits shown
by bodily action ' : bo:d yy glonnog, gntyd kampja. (4) * tricks.
mischief : y:n da: j aim ?di o t ntyd kampja, ' he is up to all kinds
of tricks ' ; m \aun kampja dru:g, ' full of mischief ; ilola igampja,
' his humbug and mischievous tricks'.
kampjo, v., campio, T.N. 134. 15, ' to cut capers, to frisk about ' :
m neidjo ag sy kampjo ; — Kefyl ?y kampjo a golug maurckog arno vo%
ond m mynd dim gwerQ, l a frisky horse of imposing appearance
but a slow goer ' (O.H.).
kampys, adj., campus, I.G. 169 [47], ' splendid': may r dmoyb
ma y gampys.
'kamweiQjOy v., camweithio, S.E., ' to work awry '.
'kam'9stynt 'kam'estyn, s.m., camystum, S.E., ' a cramped
position ' : riu orvad meun 'kam'estyn dary mi.
kan, adj., cann, D., « white ' in bara kan, ' white bread '.
kan, adj., can, W.B. col. 2. 38, 'a hundred': kan la:6, *a
hundred yards ' ; kan durnod (iiurnod^ njurnod), ' a hundred days ' ;
kan waiB, ' a hundred times ' ; de:y mluyd kan mluyb Ki: (prov.),
' ten years are as a hundred years for a dog ' ; kan kgqyso, * a
hundred welcomes '. Cf. kant.
Kan, s.m., pi. Kans, Kanja, ' can ' = pisar.
ka:n, s.f., pi. kaneyon, cdn, D., ' song ' : ma: nu wedi gneyd ka:n
arno vo, ' they have made a song about him ' ; /// o ga:n et/o, ' a bit
of song more ' ; r y:n ga:n gron o hy:d, said when some one
continually harps on the same string ; r o:n i y gubod be vasa
diwad 9 ga:n — digjo a fry:o, ' I knew what would be the end of
it — anger and quarrelling ' ; rvo: o:& )r yu\a i ga:nt ' he was the
loudest '.
kanan, s.f., canon, B.C. 107. 10 ; canan, B., ' cannon'.
kanjad, s.m., caniad, D.G. c. 2, ' the sounding of a horn or the
ringing of a bell as a signal to cease work ' : hyd ganjad, ' till the
bell goes '.
kanja-ta:d, s.m., caniattad, D., ' permission '.
kanja'tay, v., caniattau, D. Imp. kanja'tcu\. Pret. Pass.
kanja'iatid, 'to permit', followed by the prep, i: — a \anja*ta:y
bo:d . . . , ' granting that . . .'.
kanlaO, s., canllath, ' a hundred yards '.
238 kanlau — kanur
kanlau, s.m., pi. kanlauja, canllaw, D., kanlau 9 grif'a, 'banisters';
kanlau pont, ' the parapet of a bridge '.
kannuyl, s.f., pi. knula, canwyll, D. ; cannwyll, W.LI. vi. 60;
cannwll, R.B. 198. 9, 'candle': gola r gannuyl, 'to light the
candle ' ; hevo kannuyl, ' by candle light ' ; kannuyl wen, ' tallow
candle ' ; kannuyl vru:yn (vruynan), ' rush-light ' ; kannuyl Kerpyn
(liprin), ' a candle made with a piece of calico, etc., and tallow '
(J.J.) ; heyarn knula, ' snuffers ' ; kannuyl korf, ' a light supposed
to be seen in the direction of a churchyard, prognosticating death';
also ' glow-worm ' (J.J.) = kannuyl ba:x la:s (O.H.) ; kannuylsbgad,
' pupil of the eye ' ; may kannuyl i bgad o wedi di/bd, ' he has
become blind '.
kanny, v., cannu, D., ' to bleach ' : rhoi dilad alan i r hayl
i ganny.
kanol, s.m., canol, D., ' middle ' : zy nhanol zr avol, ' in the
middle of the apple ' ; kanol jonaur, ( the middle of January ' ;
0 ganolfi:r vo:nt ' from the middle of Anglesey ' ; ma ponkan m
1 ganol, ' there is a hump in the middle of it (the field) ' ; ar ganol
bytta, ( in the middle of eating ' ; ar ganol i bregaQ, ' in the middle
of his sermon ' ; — also adjectively : 9 goydan ganol. — The pronun-
ciation kmol is also said to be heard at Bangor.
kansan, s.f. (i) ' a cane '. (2) ' a fine, well-set-up young
woman ' : ftansan dal.
kanf, s., cant, D., ' the hoop of a wheel ' : kant o/wyn, kant tro:yl.
kant, s.m., pi. kantob, kannoft, cant, D. (For pi. cf. cantoedd,
B.C. 14. 6; 89. 5.) (i) 'a hundred': kant o lexi (in quarries),
'128 slates'; kant o benwaig (among fishermen), '126 herrings ' ;
may o drost i hannar kant^ ' he is over fifty ' ; riu gant a hannar ?n
o:l, ' about a hundred and fifty years ago ' ; y:n kant ar bamQag,
' 1600'; day gant, ' 200'; kantob o vbwbob an o\l, 'hundreds of
years ago ' ; kannoS ar gannod, ' hundreds and hundreds ' ; rhiu
gant a mid o be6a, ' no end of things '. (2) ' a hundredweight ' :
kant o lo:, — Cf. kan.
kantal, s.f., kantel, W.S. [A cantelll (i) 'border, brim ' : kantal
het, ' the brim of a hat \ (2) ' ledge (of rock, etc.), O.H.
kantoras, s.f., cantores, Eccles. ii. 8, ' singer '.
kantrag, s.f., cantwraig, S.E., ' singer '.
kantur, s.m., pi. kantorjon, s.m. cantwr, S.E., 'singer : pen
kantur, ' leader of the singing ' (in a chapel).
kan&rig, s., canthrig, 'wheat-flour and oatmeal mixed': only
in bara kanBrig = bara k3mmysg.
kanur \ s.m., canwr, T.N. 129. 31, 'singer': kanur smala,
' comic singer '.
kanwaB — kar 339
kanwae, s. and adv., canwaith, D., s.v. ' centies'; 'a hundred times'.
kanwyn, adj., * white, bleached by being exposed to the sun'
(O.K.).
kany, v., canu, D. Fut. S. 3. kaniQ \ha.-n\. PI. 2.
Imperative ka:n, kana. (i) • to sing ' : Ian gany a gwc*i:o, ' singing
and praying ' ; ka:n di: bcnni^ mu:yn i 6 nain, mi gam ds nain i //»,/
(prov.), ' one good turn deserves another ' ; mi gnaun i o tan gany.
4 1 could do it easily ' ; mynd adra tan gany, « to go home full of
jollity' ; kany n i \orn, l to grumble' ;— metaph. "to sing out" :
d)mma vi a de:r ibo vo nes o& o y kany, ' I gave him a blow which
made him sing out '. (2) of various animals, such as ' to crow ' (of
a cock), ' to chirp ' (of a cricket), ' to purr ' (of a cat). (3) ' to ring '
(of a bell) : / 9di r glo:\ ma Mm ty kany, ' this bell doesn't ri:
da\i wedi kany ?, ' did you ring ? ' (4) ' to sound ' (of a horn).
(5) ' to play ' (an instrument) : kany r pjano, kany r organ.
kayan, s.f., pi. kayhenna, cangen, D. (T) 'a small branch
growing out of a main branch ' (kaiyk). (2) ' a strip of a girl' :
kayan o hogan heini. Cf. D.G. Ixxxvi. 5 ; G.O. i. 7. i ; T.N. 265.
32. (3) in bad sense : ' jade ' (I.W.).
kaykar, s., cangcr, D., s.v. 'carcinoma', 'gangraena'; cancar,
C.C.M. 103. 16; cancr, B.C. 31. n. (i) 'canker: a disease
peculiar to trees, and especially common in apple-trees, which
causes the bark to rot and drop off'. (2) 'canker: a kind of
ulcer in the mouth ' : kaykar ar davod. (3) expletive : m>y kaykar /,
mzy kaykar ko:x!, be: gaykar sy 'arna\i ?\ similarly kaykar o bt:B /,
' wretched thing ! '
kaykro, v., cancro, S.E. (i) 'to have the canker '. Cf. kaykar (i).
(2) 'to be eaten away by rust' : may o wedi kaykro.
kap, s.m., pi. kapja, cap, D.G. xcv. 38 ; G.R. 49. 8 ; D. ; IU'.
66. 23, ' cap ' : rh0u\ 9\ kap am ?x pen* * put your cap on ' ; ro: i
m o nhap i laur i ne:b> ' I am not inferior to any one ' ; kap afi:g,
1 a peaked cap ' ; kap ledar, ' ? stonechat ' (Pratincola rubicula).
kapjo, v., capio, B.C.* 29. 8, 'to take off the hat, to cap '. Also
fig. ' to cringe ' : peidjux a kapjo i$o vo, ' do not cringe to him '.
kappa!, s.m., pi. kapeh\ kapelyti, cappel, D., 'chapel', i.e. a
Nonconformist place of worship ; kappal Kerig, 'Capel Curig'.
Kaplan, s.m., pi. Kapteinjad, capten, 2 Kings xviii. 24, ' captain ' :
Kaplan lay, ' a ship captain '.
kar, s.m., pi. Keir, carr, D., ' car ' : (o£i kar, ' to hire a car ' ; kar
po:sl, 'mail-car'; dy:n a i gar ar i gevn, 'a man who has lost his
temper' (O.H.);— in slate quarries: 'a wagon used for carrying
rubble to the lomman ' :—y:n mcdrys o r agor i r kar [agor\ ; kar
lysg, carr HQsg, D., s.v. ' traha ', ' a mountain sledge for carrying
hay, etc.' ; kar Ia:d, ' a wooden table, hollowed out in the middle,
240 ka:r — kardjo
for killing sheep upon' (J.J.); kar ar 9 bladyr, 'cradle', i.e.
' a light frame of wood put over a scythe to preserve the corn and
lay it more evenly in the swathe '.
ka:r, s.m., car, D. (i) 'relative ' (seldom used): may o n dippin
o ga:r i mi. (2) a mode of affectionate address : he:n ga:r, ' old
fellow'. — Not used at Llanfairfechan (= he:n frind), but common
at Bethesda (O.K.).
kara, s.f., pi. kreia, carrai, D., ' lace ' (for boots, etc.) ; kara wen,
( a kind of cord made from the skin of pigs ' ( JJ.) ; kara is also
used for the middle-band of a flail (O.H.) ; kara e:n, ' throat-strap '
(of harness) ; kara mo:r, a kind of sea- weed (Chorda filum) ;
mi fanna i o ay greia, ' I'll pull him into shreds ' (O.H.).
kara, s., a sheep's ear-mark, so called : karay.n torjad, a curved
cut made with one stroke of the knife ; kara day dor j ad, a rect-
angular cut made with two strokes of the knife \no:d\
karad, s.m., pi. kareidja, carraid, D., 'car-load*.
karag, s.f., pi. Kerig, carreg, D. (i) ' stone ' : U\jo Kerig, pledy
(hevo or #) Kerig, 'to throw stones'; kokkyn, sup, tomman, tumpaQ
Kerig (o gerig], ' heap of stones ' ; gwal gerig, ' stone wall ' ; karag
attab, ' echo' ; karag da:n, ' flint ' ; karag galx, ' limestone ' ; karag
la:s, ' sulphate of iron ' used for curing proud flesh in sores (cf. also
below); karag rubjo, 'rubbing stone'; karagvarx, * mounting stone'
(O.H.) ; rh0uxgarag arno vo, ' forget it ', ' let bygones be bygones ' ;
— in restricted sense, ' slate ', also karag la:s, pi. Kerig gleifon ;
karag dro:, ' a slate laid in a different position to the rest, to mark
each hannar kant (= 64) of slates ' ; Kerig melin, ' blocks which go
to the mill to be sawn, and which are used for making tombstones,
etc/ ; karag na:d, ' slate pencil '. (2) ' stone ' (of fruit). (3) in pi.
' testicles '.
karatf, karaitf^ s.pl., sing, kratfan (from which a new plural
kratfis is sometimes formed), carets, T.N. 173. 12, 'carrots': tori
y gratfan, ' to snap like a carrot ' ; karatf gwiljjon, * wild carrots '
(Daucus Carota).
Karatf, Karadg, s.f., pi. 'Karadgis, ' carriage '.
karban, s., carbin, S.E., only in karban o geluy^ ' an evident lie ' :
r u:yti n deyd karban o £eluy§.
karbul, adj., carbwl, S.E. ; cf. carnbyled, G.O. ii. 168. 20. (i)
of things, ' clumsy, poor ' : adrobjad karbul (= ble:r, 'dtrSimjaun),
' a poor recitation '. (2) of persons, ' doddering, fumbling ' : may
n xwi:0 gueld zr he:n 8y:n na} may o wedi mynd m reit garbul ; —
nt 0:8 o y garbul uBi hi ?, ' wasn't it a wretched performance ? ' (e.g.
of a speech). (3) of persons 'clumsy': karbul!, 'clumsy!'; as
subst. ta:u r he:n garbul gwirj on !
kardjo, v., ' to card ' (wool) : gwey a xardjo a xodi maun was
formerly regarded as women's work (O.H.). Cf. gardjo.
kardotla — karlammy 241
kardotta, v., cardotta, D., ' to beg '.
kardottas, s.f., cardotes, S.E., c beggar '.
kardottyn, s.m., cardottyn, D., s.v. ' mendicus ' ; 4 beggar '.
kardyn, s.m., pi. kardja, kard, W.S. ; cardieu (pi.), B.C. 23. 16,
' card ' (of any description).
karedig, adj., caredig, D., ' kind ' : -v^u\i mor garedig a . . . />,
' will you be so kind as to ...?'; &airja htb vo:d ty garedig,
' unkind words '.
s.m., caredigrwydd, D., s.v. ' beneficium ', 'gratitude';
1 kindness ' : di:o/x m vaur am ?x kantdigruyb, • thank you very
much for your kindness'; gurBod kartdigruyk, 'to refuse a
kindness '.
Kariktor, s.m., 'character'; esp. of persons, e.g. a worthless
' character '.
karjad, s.m., pi. krjada, cariad, D., s.v. 'amor', (i) Move'.
(2) ' darling ' : yharjad ba:\ i. (3) * lover ' : T tdani n hcngrjada.
karjadys, kyadys, adj., cariadus, 2 Sam. i. 23, Moving*.
karjo, v., kario, W.S. ; cario, Sion Tudur in G.R. 380. 5. Put.
S. 3. kari6. Pret. S. 3. karjo&. PI. 3. karson. Imperative karja,
karjux, ' to carry ' : /orb gar jo maun, ' a road for carrying peat ' ;
karjo rubaB ?y gewlad, ' to carry something in the arms as a bundle ' ;
mi garson be& ovnaduy o gerigmo, * they carried an immense amount
of stones there ' ; karjo gwair, ' to carry hay ' ; karjo stry.on, ' to
tell tales' ; — also expressed by karjo alone : karjo po:b pe:6 iru:in ;
— os 9di hi y karjo i vjaun, may hi y karjo alan, ' if she brings tales
into the house she is sure to take them out '.
karjur, s.m., cariwr, T.N. 17. 29, 'carrier'; — also applied to
horses : 9di r Kefyl 9-y garjur da: />, ' is the horse a good carrier ? '
karkas, s., 'carcass ' ; — used opprobriously : hel d) garkas a fur
a ti: I
karkud, s.m., cf. carcwd, M.F. : ta:u r he:n garkud by\an /, said
to a child who wants to be master over everybody (O.H.).
karxar, s.m., pi. kar\ara, carchar, D., ' impediment, fetter ', esp.
' a cord of hay, etc., attaching the fore-leg of an animal to the
neck ' : may hi n dippin o gar\ar arna /", ' it is rather a tie for me ' ;
karxar X'ry.'d, said of tight boots.
kar\ary, hrxary, v., carcharu, Acts xxii. 19, 'to fetter with
a karxar '.
karlam, s.m., pi. karlamma, carlam, Judges v. 22, * gallop':
mynd ar garlam, ' to gallop, to go full speed '.
karlammy, v., carlammu, C.C.M. 154. 13, 'to gallop ' ; *to go
full speed '.
342 karlum — kartra
karlum, s.m., carlvvm, D., ' ermine ' : Kin wmnad a r karlum ; —
mynd vel d karlum, ' to go like a flash ' ; — as term of reproach :
ta:u r he\n garlum gwirjon (garlum lum), O.H.
karluyd, adj., ' faded ' : he:nfrog,/o:lgarluyd (Bangor).
karjyd, adj., carllyd, S.E., ' amorous '.
karn, s.m., pi. karna, earn, D. (i) « hoof ' (of a horse — not used
of cattle = ewiri) : mynd nerB 2 karna, ' to go full speed ' ; dail karn
r ebol, * colt's foot ' (Tussilago Farfara). (2) < hilt, handle ' : karn
hlaB, karn ebil ; — fig. i r karn, ' thorough, to the backbone ' :
•meBadis i r karn ; — sevyl an i garn, ' to adhere to what one has
said'; troi n i garn, 'to prevaricate'; dy:n dn s0und m i garn,
1 a trustworthy man '.
karnab, s.f., pi. karnetii, carnedd, D., s.v. ' lithotogema ' ; ' heap
of stones ' (in general sense), but only in phrases such as the
following: : o:ys 'gmoxiar (garden) 8a: ? na:g o.ys, may hi y garnaft
0 £erig (JJ.) ; 9 dre: wedi mynd i laur dy garnaft ylu (O.H.) ; — (in
particular sense) ' prehistoric heaps of stones, old burial-places, etc/
(O.H. frequently) ; — 9 garnad, old name for the mountain now
called 9 dr^sgol (Y Drosgol), O.H. Cf. Carnedd y Ddelw (Ordnance
map). O.H. has a story about a gold cross found in the cairn
there ; — karna§ davyd, ' Carnedd Ddafydd '.
karneujan, kneujan, v., cf. cyrnewian, M.F. ; Eng. (Dial.) carnv,
carney [* to flatter, wheedle '], ' to whine ' = gneyd riu he:n nada,
gneyd su:n kn:o : kneujan am vu:yd a dim if'o vo (O.H.) ; — do:s o r
van ma i garneujan I (Llanfairfechan).
'karn'leidar , s.m., pi. 'karn'fadron, carnlleidr, D., s.v. * auto-
lecythus ' ; ' an arrant thief '.
karp, s.m., pi. karpja, carp, D., ' panniculus, pittacium'; 'a
ragamuffin ' : r he:n garp. The original sense, ' rag ', is transferred
to the diminutive Kerpyn, q.v.
Karpad, s.m., pi. Karpedi, karpet, W.S. ; carbed, B.C. 34. 21,
* carpet ' : tyro, knokjo Karpedi, ' to beat carpets '.
karpan, s.f., term applied to a woman of a miserable, sickly
appearance : r he:n garpan dlaud ! — also to sheep : he:n garpan
sad o davod (6.H.).
karpjog, adj., carpiog, D., s.v. 'pannosus'. (i) 'ragged'. (2)
' in a broken manner ' : farad zy garpjog ; — gweiBjo y garpjog, ' to
work in an untidy, slovenly, irregular manner '. (3) ' sickly,
decrepid, all to pieces ' : karpjog jaun zdi pobol wedi mynd an hem ;
1 hfexid wedi mynd 9y garpjog.
karf'un^ s.pl., garsiwn, W.S. [Garison] ; karsiwn, W.LI. Iv. 70 ;
cf. L.G.C. 64 [120], he:n garf'un = hen havlig, he:n dakla.
kartra, s.m., pi. kartrevi^ cartref, D., ' home ' : obi kartra, ' away
from home ' ; bre&yn kartra, ' homespun '. [adra, gartra\
kartgevol — ka:s 243
kartrevol, adj., cartrefol, D., s.v. ' domesticus '. (i) ' home-like '.
(2) ' home-staying '. (3) ' warm-hearted ' : y:n kart^evol jaun 9di o.
(4) 'on familiar terms, unconstrained': mynd *n hofpl gartp/ol
hevo vo ; may o wedi mynd 9y garigcvol akku ru:an.
kartrevy, v., cartrefu, 2 Cor. v. 8, 'to make one's home ': fcmay
o y kartrevy ?, ' where is his home ? '
karB, s.m., earth, D. (i) 'tow, cotton waste, etc., «uch as is
used for cleaning purposes ' : r u:ti vd ta:n i r karB (meun karB).
said of some one who is ready to take part in any disturbance (nn
barod i vynd at bo:b helynt), O.H. (2) ' mist ' : gla.ni ma:n, karB
a m'ul, — also karB niul. Apparently a confusion with larB, but
O.H. has both forms.
karBan, s.f., earthen, D. (i) ' winnowing-sheet ', made usually
of hemp (O.H.) : m sy:\ vel 9 garBan, ' as dry as a bone '. (This
phrase is the only instance in which the word now occurs in
ordinary speech, and its meaning is generally forgotten.) (2) ' a
sheet placed upon the ground by gleaners to thresh their corn ' :
teyny r garBan ar laur (O.H.). (3) ' a quilt for a bed, made of
\vool or other substance ' (O.H.). (4) ' a kind of cloak ' (?) : kodi i
\arQan a fur a hi: (O.H.). Cf. C.C. 461. 7, Nawr gwae finne
na bae Garthan, Neu hws CeflFyl am fy nghefen.
karBy, v., carthu, D., ' to cleanse, clean out ' : karBy r beydy,
karBy kut 3 varlan ; — kuttar karBy ^ ' a drain behind cows in a cow-
house ' ; — (fig.) mi da garBa di alan, ' I'll turn you out ' (O.H.).
&aru, s.m., pi. Kciru, carw, D., ' stag ' : korn karu, ' stag-horned
moss '.
-karudan, s.f., carwden, D. xc. 7, ' the chain which passes over
the saddle of a draught-harness and supports the shafts, backhand '.
karur, s.m., carwr, D.G. Ixxxiii. 39, ' lover '.
karvan, s.f., pi. karvanna, carfan, D. (i) 'one of the sides
which form the frame of a cart ' (O.H.) : ar 9 garvan may r hesban
syndal) Keyadm s0und (O.H.). (2) [' a strand of rope ' — Anglesey,
hence] niynd 9n 8u.y garvan, ' to split into two parties '.
kary, v., caru, D. Fut. S. i. kara, 2. kari, 3. kariB. Pret. PI. 3.
dary nu gary (not karson, cf. karjo). Imperative ka:r ; karvx*
4 to love '.
ka:s, s.m., cas, D., 'hatred': rubaB da\i wedi rhoid 9\ ka:s arno
vo, ' something you have taken a dislike to '.
ka:s, s.m., pi. kasys. (i) 'case': ka:s pilo, gobennyb, rasa/.
sbektol, klok y— also ' the cover of a book '. (2) ' frame ' (of an
animal) : may ka.ys gu:ebol ami hi. (Cf. kasol.)
ka:s, adj., c^s, D., 'hateful, disagreeable, nasty, tiresome, un-
pleasant ' : turn ka:s, ' an unpleasant noise ' ; ka:s ar gly:st,
'unpleasant to the ear'; he.-n waiB ka:s 9di fevjo, 'shaving is a
R 2
244 kasag — kaff
disagreeable business ' ; pe:6 ka:s jaun zdi koU rubad vel na, « it is
very tiresome losing a thing like that ' ; pobol ga:s, ' disagreeable
people ' ; may y ga:s jaun -arnoxi, ' it is very nasty for you ' ; may
y ga:s g™ z> ' I nate '•
kasag, s.f., pi. Kesig, caseg, D., ' mare ' : kasag m drom o giu,
1 a mare in foal ', opp. to kasag wa:g ; — kasag vagy, ' a brood
mare ' ; Kiu kasag, ' a foal before being weaned ' ; kasag eira,
'a (rolled) snowball', cf. B.C. 59. 5; kasag z brtkXm, 'fieldfare'
(Turdus pilaris).
ka'say, v., cassau, D., ' to hate '.
kasgal, s.m., casgl, D., ' gathering' (on a ringer, etc.).
kasgan, s.f., pi. kasgja, casgen, T.N. 355. 34, ' cask'.
kasgjad, s., pi. kasgetdja, ' caskful'.
kasgljad, s.m., pi. kasgljada, cascliad, Gen. i. 10. (i) ' a gathering '
e.g. on the finger. (2) ' a collection ' (at a place of worship). Cf.
hel, knokka, ofrum, ofrzmmy.
kasgly, v., casglu, D. Imperative kasgla ; kasglux, l to gather'.
kasol, adj., ' plump ' ; cf. Eng. ' in good case ' : may o y gasol —
fit trt>ut/ar(O.H.) — A somewhat stronger word than bvndeu (O.H.).
kast> s.m., pi. kastja, cast, C.C.M. 56. 13 ; G.O. i. 229. 4, 'trick,
antic ' : 9n \wara po:b ma:6 o gastja, ' playing all sorts of tricks ' ;
riu he:n gastja dru:g, l mischief ' ; anod tmny kast o he:n gefyl
(prov.), ' it is hard to cure an old horse of a trick '.
kast, s.m., Eng. cast, ' a piece of knowledge possessed by some
one to the detriment of another ' : may gwo vo gast arno, ' he
knows something to his detriment ' (W.H.) ; ma na ovn arno rhag
tdo vo deyd 9 kast (O.H.).
kastal) s.m., pi. Kestyl, kastela, kasteli, castell, D., ' castle '.
kastjog, adj., castiawg, O.P., ' tricky '.
kaf'o, v., Eng. case, ' to bind (a book) ', * to put a cover on
(a book)'.
Hat, s., Eng. cat, in x^^ra Kat \xwara~\ ; also the piece of wood
used in the game so called.
katjad, s.f., cataid, S.E., ' a pipeful ' (of tobacco). Cf. Ketfyn.
katrin^ Kattrin, W.L. xxiii. 51, 'Catherine*.
katris, s.f., ' cartridge '.
katf, s.m., pi. katfis, kaits, W.S. (i) ' cage ' : katf deryn /—fig.
r 0:8 pobol es talum meun katf- — dim arjan, dim dokior na dim by:d
(O.H.), ' in old days people had no option — they had no money,
no doctor nor anything '. (2) katfis devaid, ' sheep-pens at a fair '
(O.H). (3) facetiously for ' stomach ' : o:s na di'gon m da gatf di ?
kattal — kavn 245
kattal, s.pl., kattel, W.S. [Cattell] ; catal, T.N. 327. 42, 'cattle'
(seldom used = gwarBag) : pfntga kattal, old place-name at Llan-
fairfechan, where cattle were shod (O.H.).
ka:B, s.f., pi. kaBod, cath, D., ' cat ' : ka:B vre:x, ka:B driliu, ' tabby
cat' ; na:u />yu ka:6y ' a cat has nine lives' ; may r kaBod m djeuljo
ag m rhegi, ' the cats are spitting and swearing ' (cf. herwa) ; fhefi
vel ka:6, ' to curse like a trooper ' ; ka:6 >y kodi xry.-x (= gwr*xyn\
' a cat arching her back' ; cf. also mny'an, kanyt'xrfudi, kany ixru:0;
— mynd vel ka:6 i gsQral, * to go like mad ' ; myndvel ka:B am UvriB,
4 to go (as eagerly) as a cat after milk ' ; ppnny ka:B meun ku:d (sa.-x),
1 to buy a pig in a poke ' ; kadu kaBod mtun ku:d, 4 to let sleeping
dogs lie ' ; bliyo r ga:B d at i \umfon, ' to spend to the utmost '
fleece ' ; xwipjo r ga:6, « to go about tailoring from house to house ' ;
gweld vel ka:6, ' to have sharp eyes ' ; ma na riu ga:B ?y nhuppur
paub, ' every one has a skeleton in his cupboard ' ; may n d/gon o:yr
irewi ka&od, ' it is intensely cold '; — £<r:0=also a kind of 4 boa' worn
round the neck by women, — ka:B vo:r, pi. kaBod y mo:r, 4 common
blue skate ' (Raia batis) ; ka:Bvo:r stods, ' thornback ' (Raia clavata) ;
ka:B vo:r btgog, ' starry ray ' (Raia radiata). Cf. also morgaB ;—
u:y ka:6 vo:r, f skate's egg ', " mermaid's purse ".
kaug, s.m., pi. Jwugja, cawg, D., 'milk-pail' (obsolete).
kaujo, v., bancawio, D, ' redimire ; tenui filo effractum vincire ' ;
W.LI. (Voc.) gosod bach wrth : kaujo ba:\, 4 to fasten a fish-hook
to the gut '.
kaun, s.pl., sing, twunan, cawn, D., ' thin, straggling grass': riu
he:n gaun m tsvy ar di:r sa:l ; — / o:ys na dim ond kaun m 9 ka:y,
t zdi o dim m iverB i dori. — Also applied to a kind of mistiness
coming over the sun (O.H.). Cf. W.M.M. cwmwle cawn.
kaury s.m., pi. touri, cawr, D., ' giant ' : kaur o dy:n, ' a powerful,
courageous man ' (morally) ; r o:d o y gaur fond i difad ond ru:an
may i ditad 9n lak arno, * he was a big strapping fellow, but now
his clothes hang loosely on him '. [For pi. cf. cawri, D., s.v.
' gigantomachia ' ; Gen. vi. 4; cowri, W.LI. ix. 68; D.F. [7] i ;
D.P.O. 263. 35.]
kaus, s.m., caws, D., ' cheese ' (in the aggregate). Cf. kosyn.
bara \aus (kaus), ' bread and cheese ' ; pe bay r wy&va y gaus mi
vtda n haus kayl kosyn (prov.), ' if " ifs " and " an's " were pots and
pans there'd be no trade for tinkers ' ; kaus *sgau, ' elder pith ' ;
kaus bfani, ' toad-stools '.
kavank, s.m., term of reproach : he:n gavayk garu *di o. — I have
heard this word more than once from O.H., but on closer inquiry
he confuses it with kgavayk, and it must therefore be regarded as
doubtful. Cf. W.M.°M. habanc, 'a monster of a fellow'.
kavn, s.m., pi. kavna, cafn, D., ' trough ' : kavn moxyn, ' pig's
trough ' ; kavn buyd, ' trough for cattle where the food is placed in
246 kavndra — kayl
front of the stall ' ; kavn 9 pei'lfur, used in bolting flour ; kavn pobi,
1 kneading-trough '. Cf. havn.
kavndra, s., cafndra, ' a hollow or place hollowed out ' (O.H.).
kavnjo, v., cafnio, S.E., 'to hollow out': kavnjo m'eipan, 'to
hollow out a turnip ' ; kavnjo pren, ' to hollow out a log ' (e. g. to
make a boat) ; kavnjo tor 6.
kavod, s.f., pi. kavodyb, cawad, cawod, cafod, D. (i) ' shower' :
kavod o la:u, ' a shower of rain ' ; mi vasa kavod 9n nobl i zstuy
^ lu:x, ' a shower would be a splendid thing to lay the dust ' ; rhuy
kavod a xavod, ' between the showers '. (2) 9 gavod, ' a chill, generally
with cold shivers running through one ' ; 9 gavod wynt, ' rash ' ;
wedi tori alan r y: va:B a gavod wynt ; — ka:l 3 gavod i r hgaid
(O.K.). Cf. D., s.v. ' carbunculo ', ' fulguritassunt ', 'robiginosus ',
' sideror '.
kavodog, adj., cawodog, D., s.v. ' nimbosus ', ' showery '.
kawal, s.m., pi. Kewyl, cawell, D. (i) ' a basket used by farmers
for carrying small articles on their backs'. (2) ' fisherman's creel'.
(3) 'pannier': baxy 2 Kewyl ar gyrn 3 strodyr hevo eyru (J.J.).
(4) in the phrases: mi gesti gawal, 'you were disappointed; you
drew a blank ' ; — esp. ' to be jilted ' : mige:s igawa^gzni hi (O.H.) ;
r o:d kawal gwa:g mo, ' it was a mare's nest '.
kay, v., cau, D. Fut. S. 2. Heyi, 3. KeyiQ. Pret. S. i. %'eyis,
3. Keyo§. Imperative kay ; Keyux- (i) 'to shut': kay 3 dru:s,
zfenast, z {yvr ; — os ei di mi gey a i 9 dru:s 'arna/i, 'if you go, I'll
shut the door upon you ' ; kay P dru:s zy glep, ' to bang the door ' ;
kay ds &e:g, ' hold your tongue ' ; — elliplically : may nu n medry kay
ami hi pen 'leikjanu, 'they can keep their lips closed when they
like '. (2) ' to enclose ' : kay kay hevo klauS, hevo poljon ar ipenna,
'to enclose a field with a hedge, with palings'. (3) 'to fill up'
(a gap) : kay klat&, ' to mend a hedge ' ; tu:yrx gleif'on i gay
<> kri:b, ' sods to close the apex of a roof (in a thatched cottage).
(4) 'to button up ' : kay ko:t, etc. ; * to lace up ' (of boots, etc.) :
kay sgidja.
kay, adj., cau, D., ' closed, shut, enclosed ' : le: kay, ' an enclosed
place ', — seldom used = le: wedi gay.
kay^ v., naccau, D. Pret. S. i. kais, 3. ka:b, ka:s, 'to refuse' :
may r teKal zy kay berwi, ' the kettle won't boil ' ; may r Udjart 9y
kay kay, * the gate won't shut ' ; mi ga:s ag attab, ' he wouldn't
answer ' ; mi gaif inna a mynd, ' I wouldn't go either ' ; 8ary nu
gay, * they wouldn't ' ; may o y kay bod lonyb i mi, ' he is teasing
me '. Cf. nakka.
kay, s.m., pi. Keya, cae, D., ' field '. Fig. r u:ti meun kay ara^
wedi mynd i gay aral, ' you are entirely off the point '.
kayl, s., caul, D., Eng. chyle, ' rennet '.
kayl 147
ka:yl (often shortened in quick speech to kayl, *j.7and **/),*., cael,
I). Fut. S. i. ka.{v), 2. Kei, 3. Jfr*, #// PI. i . /,/*», Ai.-», 2. &w;<,
3. X'tf:». Imp. S. i. X-aww, 2. &i:/, 3. *j/, &/;, ka.y (o). PI. i. &/.•»,
2. &7.% 3. Ja.Ti. Pret. S. i. fas, Mis, tUvis, 2. &:*/, fast, 3. ka:6,
knvod. PI. i. ktruson, ku:son, KeyBon, Key son, 2. ksusox, ku:sox< Ke>B>x,
Keysox* 3. kfruson, ku:son, KcyQon> Keyson. Plup. S. i. fousun, ku:son,
tteyBun, 2. kmtsat, ku:sat, KeyBat, etc. Fut. Pass. Ketr. Pret. Pass. kaud.
I. Transitive, with noun or infinitive as object, ' to get, obtain,
have'. 1. in simple sense (i) before nouns (followed generally by
o, oruB of things, gin of persons) : kayl buyd, brdnvast, Xinjo. ' to
^et, have food, breakfast, dinner ' ; kayl annuyd, ' to catch cold '
kayl vanned, * to get toothache ' ; ka:yl dixryn, ' to have a fright '
kayl kodum, ' to have a fall ' ; kayl kwtir, ' to get a thrashing '
kayl zsgol, ' to get schooling ' ; kayl kanjata:d, ' to get permission '
kayl gaval, hdjad, ' to get hold ' ; kayl modal a, * to get rid of '
kayl gwayB, ' to get (something) worse ' ; kayl benBig, ' to get as
a loan ' ; kayl ar lab, ' to get on credit ' ; kayl moytia, 4 to be spoilt '
kayl trevn ar, ' to keep in hand ' ; kayl Kip, ' to catch a glimpse ',
etc. ; ar gayl, ' to be got, to be had ' ; no: i barman o pty go: i
amsar, 'I will read it when I have time' ; ta:u ne mi gi'i di glyslan,
' hold your tongue or I'll give you a box on the ears ' ; / 0:6 dim
gair i gayl gmo vo, 'one could not get a word out of him '; pt
ka:ti da fork \aun i dim, ' if you had your way, I should get
nothing ' ; pe kay o if orb \aun i dim, ' if he had his way, I should get
nothing ' ; morjo bo:b kwla gay o, ' to go on the sea whenever
opportunity offered ' ; pe ka:ninfor& x<*: v° dim, ' if we had our way,
he would get nothing ' ; ka:n, pe ka:\i xforb, ' they would, if you
had your way ' ; mi deydis i na x^-Xi Mm Kinjo heidju, ' I said you
would not have any dinner to-day ' ; mi gostid r y: vaint i gwrjo
vo a x<*:xiy:n newyd, ' it will cost as much to cover it (the umbrella)
as if you got a new one'; rhi: ga:B &xryn!, 'she got a
fright ! ' ; mi geyBun lawar o beBa am bedwar su:jt, ' I might have
(should have) got many things for four shillings ' ; gin y gwirjon
fair 9 gwi:r, ' from the innocent the truth is obtained '. (2) before
infinitives (a) ' to get an opportunity of, obtain the means of : mi
gaun weld eito, ' we shall see ' ; mi geiB o weld pen eiQ o ajan, * he
will see when he goes out ' ; %haid i mi dri:o darvod m o vy:an
i ga\l dti:ad hevo x*\ ' I must try and finish pretty soon so as to be
able to come with you ' ; er muyn kayl gubod, ' in order to get to
know ' ; xe-'s i dim 'ond -mytid, * it was all I could do to go ' (and
nothing more), (b) * to cause, to get . . . to ' : may n anod kayl
ydynu godi, ' it is difficult to get them to get up ' ; cf. also gayl for
i gayl used in quasi -conjunctival sense ; see /' xvi. 6. (c) as peri-
phrastic form of the passive : du i wedi kayl > nherulyd afan, * 1 have
been turned out ' ; by:d ?n kayl i saBry, ' it will be trodden upon ' ;
.)di r boks ma am gayl i dorif, 'is this box to be broken up?*
2. 'to get' where permission is implied. In the future and im-
248 ka:yl — kayB
perfect tenses the verb ka:yl often represents the Eng. ' I may ', ' I
might' (Anglo- Welsh 'I shall', 'I should'), (i) before substantives :
8ary mi ovyn gaun i ret o r bvra ond Ke:s 9 yurQod, ' I asked whether
I might have some of the books but I was refused ' ; gweld 0:8 na
8im gwaiQ gu:sa vo, ' to see whether there was not some work which
he might have ' ; o:ys 'gmzxi stamp geyQim i tan vory />, ' have you
a stamp I might have till to-morrow ? ' ; ga: i gupanad o de: /, ' may
I have (Anglo- Welsh ' shall I have ') a cup of tea ? ' Ans. faux,
1 yes '. (2) before infinitives : ga: i roit hun ar 2 our8 /», ' may I put
this on the table ? ' ; mi do: i os ka: i Su:ad, ' I will come if I can '
(i.e. 'if I have permission'); — the infinitive is often understood,
e. g. mi 8a:u o os KeiB o gin i da:d, ' he will come if his father will
let him '. 3. ' to find ' : do:s a vo: le Keisti o, ' take it back where
you found it ' ; ge'isti o:yn ba:x i vwy ?, ' did you find a lamb up
there ? ' ; kaud o wedi maru, ' he was found dead '. Cf. II. 4. ' to
get, to make ' with adjective or adverb in apposition : ka:yl po:b
pe:6 an wasfad, ' to get everything straight ' ; meQy ka:yl 9 Say pen
linin at i gili§, 'to be unable to make both ends meet'. 5. 'to get,
to succeed in getting into a certain position', with a verb of motion
implied : kayl i vy:s meun bru:as paub, ' to have a finger in every
pie ' ; syt Ke:sti dz bi:g i veun />, < how did you get your nose in ? ' ;
ka:yl i vayn i r wal, ' to achieve one's object '.
II. Intransitive : ' to get ' (to a place) : ka:yl i le: gwayl, ' to
get to an unsatisfactory place '. This appears to be an imitation
of English usage, but cf. the common use of kayl with hy:d i to
express 'to find', e.g. du i wedi kayl hy:d i r dru:g, 'I have found
out what is the matter' ; dim fauns i xi g<*-'l hy:d 280 vo, ' no chance
for you to find him '. In the negative, however, we have : xe-'$ t'8im
mo r hy:d 280 vo, ' I have not found it '.
ka:yr, s.f., pi. Keyra, caer, D. Generally used in the plural with
the meaning ' fortifications, stronghold '. O.H. applies the term
tteyra to the prehistoric fortifications on Penmaenmawr ; — used of
the sunset : r hayl m mynd dan geyra, ' the sun setting ' ; may hi
dgesl m hayl 3 geyra (O.H.), ' it is just sunset ' . Cf. B.C. 5.12 ; —
kayr droia (druyd), 'a maze' (J.J. ; O.K.). Cf. D.P.O. 24. 18
and Eng. (Dial.) ' Walls-of-Troy ', Abd. ; nant kayr droia (druya)
was the old name for the house at Llanfairfechan now called Nant
Dafydd or Nant Uchaf (O.H.). — As place-name kayr is ' Chester ' :
Kin kodi ku:n kayr, ' very early in the morning ' ; fi:r gayr,
* Cheshire ' ; kayr gzbi, ' Holyhead '.
kayQ, adj., caeth, D. (i) 'constrained, in a state of constraint ',
e. g. when one is in the company of some one who does not speak
a word: teimlo i hy:n ay gayQ- (2) 'confined': le: kayQ. (3)
' uncomfortable ' : daxi n i xht-'at i y gay& zmma heno / (= dim ?y
gasyrys). (4) ' breathing with difficulty ', applied to the chest : daxi
n teimlo x brest zy gay 6 j>; — may g3no vo vrestgayQ, ' he has asthma '.
Kebyst — Keg a 249
(5) used of one who is an obstruction to himself, stands in his own
light : may o y gay 6 ibo i hy:n, 3m ptidjo gwerty i be&a 9m mrhi:s j
fair ag sy ka:l kofad wcdyn (O.I I.).
Kebyst, s.m., cebystr, D. (i) 'part of a plough holding the
different parts together ' ; 'the sheet or stilt of a plough ' (O.P.) :
truyn ) Kebyst. (2) 'cap of a flail' (J.J.). (3) as expletive: m*y
Kebyst/, m?y Kebyst wy^t !, m?y Kebystylul ; be fcebystl, be* fcebyst
wy:(f/, ' what on earth ! '
Kedan, s.f., ceden, D., ' lachne, villus'; in phrase >n toy n
gedan, ' growing close together '.
Kedor, s., cedor, D., ' pubes ' : Kedor 3r wra:\ = -kakKi'mukKi,
' burdock ' (Arctium Lappa and kindred species).
Kefyl, s.m., pi. hfola, ceffyl, D., ' horse ' : Kefyl gla:s, ' grey horse ' ;
Kefyl gwina, ' bay horse ' ; Kefyl ko:\, ' brown horse ' ; Kefyl melyn,
' chestnut horse ' ; Kefyl (iu [ayQ a \uru = o bay liu (J.J.), ' piebald
horse ' ; Kefyl bakf'og, l a horse with thick hair round the hoofs '.—
Of three horses tandem the foremost is Kefyl blayn, the middle
Kefyl pen, and the last Kefyl bo:n. — The two horses ploughing are
called Kefyl m 9 guys and Kefyl ar 9 Kevn. — dal Kefyl, tori Ktfyl (i
veun), tori Kefyl i /aur, ' to break in a horse ' : Kefyl gwy:[t, l a horse
which has not been broken in'; gwe:d o gzfila, *a pair (team) of
horses ' ; ar gevn Kefyl (pi. ar gevna hfola), ' on horseback ' ; may
o ar &evn i &efyl, l he is very pleased with himself ' ; lri:n Kefyl,
'to groom a horse'; tri:n Kefyl pobol eri[, ' to mind other people's
business ' ; rhoi 3 drol o vlayn 3 Kefyl, ' to put the cart before the
horse ' ; Kefyl da: zdi utys, 4 where there's a will there's a way '.
Ke:g, s.f., pi. Kcga, ceg, D., ' mouth ' : agor Ke:g, ' to gape ' ; kay
da geg, ' hold your tongue ' ; may gyno vo davod lond i ge:g, may o y
ge:g i gi:d, ' he is very talkative ' ; mi folj
na Qoda menyn m i \e:k
i, ' you would think that butter would not melt in her mouth ' ;
rh0ux ?X by:s m i £eg o i edrax oys gzno vo dannad, applied to some
one wrongly supposed to be harmless and innocent ; gneyd Ke:g
hy[, ' to pull a face by contorting the mouth ' — fig. (i) of one who
cannot keep a secret : g- hem ge:g I (2) ' mouth, entrance of any-
thing ' : Ke:g 3 bont, 3 tu^, 9 sa:x, etc. — yy ghcg 3r hay I, ' right in the
sun ' = 3n bgad 3r hay I.
Kega> v., cega. (i) 'to come to words' (as the prelude of a
quarrel) : pen vy& day &y:n wedi mynd i &egay tawad 3 kafa (O.H.),
1 when two men have come to words, let the wiser keep silent '.
(2) 'to talk glibly': Kega am rubaB. — Cf. Pe gwelsech chwi'r
gwaeddi " Beef Nefyn " (i.e. herrings), Roedd Robyn, a'r hen fules
frech, Wrth ochr y castell yn cega •* Dowch yma cewch ugain am
chwech ". C. — ' Marchnad Ca'rnarfon '. (3) ' to tell tales, gossip ' :
paid a mynd i &ega am dana tor nail dy: i r M (O.H.) ; 9 vtruyn
9n mynd adra a \ega po:b pe:6 vy& m 3 ty: (O.H.).
250 Kegid — Keifo
Kegid, s.pl., cegid, D., ' hemlock ' (Conium maculatum), called
also for the sake of distinction Kegid ti:r sy:\ \ Kegid du:r, ( water
hemlock ' (QEnanthe crocata).
Kegin, s.f., pi. Kegtna, cegin, D., ' kitchen ' : Kegin gevn, Kegin ba:x
1 back-kitchen '.
Kegjad, s.f., cegaid, S.E. ' mouthful ' (of a liquid) : mige:s idammad
o vara a xegjad o bu:r.
, adj., cegog, S.E. (i) < loquacious, glib-tongued ': 9 rhei
rnuya Kegog sy n Kodi slreiks (O.H.). (2) ' apt to tell tales ' : °dyn
Kegog (O.H.).
fogor, adj., cegoer, G.O. ii. 145. 22, "cold-mouthed" \Jtelan}.
Kegum, s., cegwm, S.E. (i) 'an empty talker': he:n gegum
gwirjon. (2) ' one who cannot keep a secret '.
Kegus, s., ceg and gwst. 'gaping' (Llanllechid, I.W.).
Kei, s.m., ' quay ' : luyBo lay m 2 Kei.
KeibjO) v., ceibio, D., ' to use a kaib> to hoe '.
Keiljog, s.m., pi. kljogod, ceiliog, D. (i) 'cock': kgi:bt tagal,
sbardyn Keiljog, ' the comb, wattle, spur of a cock ' ; kufjo kljogod,
' cock-fight ' ; pit kljogod, ' cock-pit ' ; Keiljog xwiadan, ' drake ' ;
Keiljog dandt, ' bantam cock '. (2) transferred uses: — 'the top of
the plough-beam ' (I.W.) ; Keiljog gwynt, ' weather-cock ' ; karjo
y gokkyn Keiljog, ' to carry (some one) on the shoulders with one
Jeg on each side of the neck ' (JJ. ; O.H.).
Keiljogas, s.f., 'a masterful woman' (I.W.).
K'e'Uja, s.pl., ceilliau, D., s.v. 'scrotum'; 'scrotum'.
Keinjog, s.f., pi. Keinjoga, ceiniog, D., ' penny ' : may n edrax ?n
bgad 9 getnjog, fhe weighs every penny carefully'; wa:yB i x*
geinjog "sbarjuxi na Keinjog 'niluxi, ' a penny saved is a penny
gained ' ; di?n y:n geinjog go:x, ' not a single penny ' (Keinjog is
fiequently omitted after a numeral v&gwerQ du.y, 'two pennyworth');
pisin x^e:x, ' sixpenny piece ' ; su:(f a 6atr, ' one (shilling) and
three(pence) ' ; -^jo'iigjan^ ' ten shillings ' ; — ' fourpence ' is always
gro:t.
Keirx; Keix (E.J.) ; Kerx (JJ.)» s-m-' ceirch, D., 'oats': bara
Keirx, ' oat-cake ' ; blaud Ke'irx, " oatmeal ' ; bru:as Keirx \bru:as].
Keirxan, s.f., ceirchen, S.E., ' a grain of oats ' : an ja:x vel ?
geirxan.
Keif'o, v., ceisio, D. Pret. s. i. Keif is, 3. Keifob. Imperative kais,
Keif a ; Keifux. (i) 'to fetch, seek ' : kais da vagla a fur a ti i r
/an, O.H. (said facetiously to a man on board ship). (2) ' to try' :
mi geifis i gzno vo rieyd, 'I tried to get him to (do something)';
mi geififi 9 yora gmo vo beidjo gneyd dru:g> ' I tried my best to get
KeiQiwad — Kelvi 251
him not to do wrong*. (3) ' to mean, to do on purpose' : kary o
bim Keifo, * he didn't mean to do it ', i. e. ' it was by accident '.
KeiBiwad, s.m., caethiwed, D., 'captivitas, servitus* ; cf. keithiwct,
L.A. 121. 27; G.C. 130. ii, 'asthma' = KcyQdra (ar 9 gwynt\
KeiQiwis, adj., caethiwus, M.LI. ii. 37, 29, ' causing constraint or
discomfort ' : may y geiQiwis i x* (O.H.).
KeiQiwo, v., caethiwo, D., « to keep in confinement, to keep a
strict hand over ' : dy:n 9y KeiQiwo i wtiBjurs, i wraig, i t/lant,
i.e. not letting them go out, etc. (O.H.).
Kekry, fakran, v., ceccru, D., ' to wrangle, brawl ' : may r buy
snima yy Kekranfry.o o hy:d (O.H.).
Kekryn, s.m., cecryn, B.C. 70. 29, ' a contentious fellow, a brawler ' :
he:n &ekryn ka:s.
Kekrys, adj., ceccrus, D., s.v. ' contentiosus ', ' controuersus ',
* cmissarius ' ; ' contentious '.
Ke:l, Ke:han, s., ' keel '.
Kelaitf, &elaitf, s.pl., gellhesg, D., 'flags' (Iris Pseudacorus).
O.H. has dgelaitf. This plant is called delasg at Red Wharf Bay,
Anglesea ; 1 have also heard delaks at Bangor. [Some of these
forms suggest some connexion or confusion with ' delysc ', W.B.
col. 96. i.J
Kelan, s.f., celain, D., ' corpse ', only in the expressions Kelan varu
and Kelan &egor : mi jadoS o y gelan varu, equivalent to * he killed
him on the spot ' ; — mi welis i 3 Ki: pen 0:8 on? iysnas o la:& devaid
ag mi seiQis o tan o:d o y gelan gegor (O.H.).
Kelbryn, s.m., ' a worthless, good-for-nothing fellow ' : r he:n
gelbryn gwirjon /, he:n &elbryn bydyr I (O.H.).
Kelfyn, s.m., a term of reproach : he:n gelfyn brunt /, he:n fcdfyn
gwirjon ! (O.H.).
Kelk, s.m., celc. D., ' a hidden store of money ' : may g?no vo gdk
m rula ; — also pre:s Kelk.
Kelkjo, Kdkjan^ v., cf. celcu, D. (i) 'to keep a secret store of
money', e.g. a wife from her husband. (2) ' to embezzle'.
Kelog, s.f., celog, ' coal-fish ' (Gadus virens) = xz0/'///« gla:s.
Kelpan, s.f., celpan, ' a slap on the face '.
Kelpjo, v., celpio, ' to slap on the face '.
Kelpjo, v., ' to gallop ' = kalpjo.
KeluyS, Kelwyb, s.m., pi. kluyba, celwydd, D., ' lie* : deyd kluy&a,
1 to tell lies ' ; also kabatfo, klatfo, finjo kluyta \-paly Keluy^ ' to
concoct a lie ' ; Keluyb no:y&, ' a bare-faced he ' ; Keluyb m d3 Sannad,
' I give you the lie direct '.
Kelvi, s.pl., celfi, R., ' tools ' ; ' odds and ends '.
252 Kelyn — Key log
Kelyn, s.pl., sing. Kebnan, f., celyn, D., 'holly-tree'; 'holly';
Kelyn 9 mo:r, 'sea-holly* (Eryngium maritimum).
Kel, s.f., pi. Kelob, cell, D., ' cell ' (in a prison).
Kelwar, v., cellwair, D., ' to scoff ', ' to jest ' (in a bad sense,
e. g. of religious matters) : 'folaxi §im Kelwar vel na.
Kelwerys, adj., cellweirus, D., s.v. ' iocularis ' ; 'jocular, jesting*
(see above).
Kemfro, s.f., ' beach, edge of the sea-shore ' (very often used by
O.H., and heard also from another inhabitant of Llanfairfechan) :
morlo (seal) 9y gorvad ar 9 gemfro ; — ar 9 gemfro, glan 9 mo:r ; —
i ben 3 gemfro ; r 0:8 9 gemfro, glan 9 mo:r 9y go:yd i gi:d (after
a wreck) ; — Kemfro graval a tu:od ; — gatja n mynd i r gemfro, glan
9 mo:r ; — gneyd ty: ar 9 gemfro. (All O.H.). Apparently not used
at Bangor.
Ken, Kem, s.m., cenn, D. (i) 'film* : magy Ken, 'to grow a film,
to become mouldy ' ; may barig 9y gen gwyn ar 9 %'e'yar, ' hoar-frost
is a white film on the ground ' ; 9n y:n gen gwyrb drosto, ' a green
film all over it ' (speaking of a pond) ; dilad 911 y:n gen o va:u.
(2) ' scales ' (offish). (3) ' lichen' : Ken Kerig.
Kena, s.m., pi. knavon, cenaw & cenau, pi. cenawon & imperite
cenafon, D., ' rascal ' : he:n gena / ; Kena di:og ; Kena gla:s, ' arrant
rascal ' ; peidjux kadu ri:at, knavon ba:x /, ' don't make a noise, you
young rascals ' ; — also fern. : knavon ovnaduy 9di mamma 9y yh9vra6
(O.H.), ' stepmothers are terrible creatures '.
Kenaduri, s.f., cennadwri, D., ' commission, instructions': du i y
gneyd 9n o:l i genaduri, 'I am acting according to the instructions
I received from him ' ; d9na r genaduri du i wedi xa:yl> ' those are
the instructions I received '.
Kenedl, s.f., pi. Kenhedlob, cenedl, D., ' nation '.
Kenfysg, Kenslys, s.pl., cenllysg, D., * hail ' : buru Kenslys (Kenjysg],
' to hail '.
Kennad, cennad, D. (i) s.m.f. ' messenger '. (2) s.f. ' permission ' :
du i wedi kay I Kennad i vynd ; — gida x Kennad, ' by your leave '.
Kenvigenlyd, adj., cenfigenllyd, S.E., ' envious ' (O.H.). Cf.
hnvigan.
Keyal, s.f., pi. Keyla, cengl, D. (i) ' girth ' of a saddle. (2) in
pi. ' the girth of a yarn-winder ' \kogurti\. (3) ' skein ' : Keyal o
davaS ; dal Keyal, ' to hold a skein while it is being wound '. (4)
m. or f. applied to a thin person or animal : rhiu £eyal main 9di o ;
hem geyal o ludun ( = hi:rt main, ky:t].
Key log, adj., cenglog, S.E. (i) ' thin, lean, skinny ' : dy:n Keylog.
(2) byu\ geylog, ' a cow with a white band round it ', ' belted cow '.
Keyly — Kert 253
t VM cenglu, D. (i) 'to girth '(a horse). (2) 'to make
wool into skeins '.
far, s.f., ker, W.S. [Gere], cSr, B.C. 57. 18; cf. D.G. Ixiv. 26,
' gear, tools '; Ke:r me'inar, Ke:r go:. Cf. ge:r, &i \n.
Kerad, Kerbad, v., cerdded, D. Imperative Ker ; Kerux. (i) 'to
walk (as opposed to riding): Kerbad 9 buy ford, 'to walk both
ways '. (2) 'to walk ' (in general) : du i torn jy gubod pa: mor vy:an
da\i y Kerbad, ' I don't know how fast you walk ' ; forbad u6 ivagla,
1 to walk on crutches ' ; plentyn ba:\ bim m medry Kerbad, ' a small
child unable to walk ' ; Kerad vesyl day, ' to walk two and two '.
(3) ' to go ' : Kerux fur, ' go away ' (Kerux is much commoner than
eux in this sense) ; Kerux m ?x bla:yn, 'go on ' ; Kerux i no:! glo:
i mi, ' go and fetch me some coal ' ; Kerux a glo: i vmy r grifa,
1 take some coal upstairs '. (4) of the motion of ships : ma na
/erdad da: ami hi. (5) in quasi- transitive sense : mi gerkid ) ka:y
i gi:d os KeiQ o lonyb, 'it (tnarxwag) will spread all over the field if
it is left alone' (O.H.); Kerbad 3 dre:, 'to pace up and down the
town '. (6) used of a creeping sensation : may rubaB m 3 nherbad i,
' I shudder ', ' something makes me creep ' ; — in reflexive sense :
Kerbad gwa:yd 3 yhalon, ' to be filled with awe '.
Kerbyd, s.m., pi. Kerbada, cerbyd, D., ' carriage '.
Kerdod> s., cardod, D., but cf. pi. cerdodau, s.v. ' eleemosynarius ' ;
cerdodeu, S.G. 167. 25; cerdawd, M.A. i. 196 a. 24; W.LI. xlv.
57; cerdod, C.C.M. 29. 5; T.N. 298. 12, 'alms'.
) s.pl., ' ragamuffins ' (I.W.). The Bangor equivalent
is "karidryms.
Xer&edjad, s.m., cerddediad, D., s.v. ' incessus ' ; ' walk, gait ' :
may na herk m i gerbedjad, ' he walks with a limp '.
Kerbur, s.m., cerddwr, O.P., 'walker ' : flatfur o gerbur, 'one who
splashes as he walks '.
Kerjax, s.pl., ceriach, D., s.v. 'gerrae'. (i) ' rubbish': rhiu he:n
gerjax; — hel dj gerjax o: na!, said e.g. to a dismissed servant.
(2) 'wretches'.
Kerlyn, s.m., cerlyn, B.C. 140. 25, 'a miserly, cross-grained
fellow ' : r hem gerlyn hfablyd.
Kern, s., pi. Kerna, cern, D., * mala, maxilla ' — only in ble:u y Kerna,
' whiskers '.
Kernan, s., ' a blow on the side of the head '.
Kerpyn, s., pi. karpja, cirpyn (sic), D., s.v. ' pittacium ', cerpyn, R. ;
G.O. ii. 247. ii. (i)' rag ' : tmny po:b Kerpyn o:b am dano vo, ' to
take off every shred of clothing '. (2) applied to a man of a miser-
able, sickly appearance : r hc:n Cerpyn /laud. Cf. karpan.
Kert, s.f., pi. Kertja, kert, W.S. [A carte], (i) ' cart' (rare = trot).
(2) ? mi ro: i slap w d? gert (O.H.).
254 Kertar — Kevn
Kerlar; Kertjur (J.J.), s.m., certiwr, S.E., ' carter '.
Kertmon, s.m., pi. Kertmyn, ' carter '.
Kervjo, Kevrjo, v., cerfio, D., s.v. ' caelo, sculpo ', Eng. kerve
(15-17 cent.), 'to carve' (e.g. a name on a tree).
KeryS, s.m., pi. Kerrion, cerydd, D., ' reproof : rhoi Keryft ar ru:in ;
derbyn 9 KeryS a sarBjo ar i vat, ' to receive the reproof and acknow-
ledge one's fault '.
Keryn, s.m., ceryn, D., s.v. ' instrumentum ' ; dim. of far, ge:r.
) 'tool, implement'. (2) 'any portion of a horse's harness'.
) ' shred ' ; in phr. tmny po:b Keryn 0:8 am dano vo, ' to take off
every shred of clothing '. (4) (perhaps from ka:r), ' a tough
customer ' : he:n geryn blim, hem geryn dru:g. Cf. G.O. ii. 178. 21 ;
T.N. 182. 9.
Keryn, s., ' a kind of wild duck'. Mentioned in the ' Clorianydd '
for Feb. 22, 1912, among the birds of Anglesey, where it is
described as the largest of the wild ducks. — Used at Bangor.
Perhaps ' sheldrake '.
Kesal, s.f., pi. foseilja, cessail, D. (i) ' arm-pit ' : o dan i gesal,
' under his arm '; rhaid i r vrayx we't'Bjo o r £esal, * we must work
hard ' ; Kesal vorBuyd, ' hollow of the thigh '. (2) ' a small inlet ' :
Kesal m mynd i veun o r fanal (O.H.).
Ketlan, s.f., dim. of Kettal; bara dan getlan (W.H.) = bara dan
booty ' pan bread '.
Kettal, s.f., ' hanging kettle, pot, or pan ' — differs from kro\on in
the sides being straight: torB o dan 3 &ettal (O.H.), 'pan-loaf;
Kettal bre:s, etc. Cf. tekKal.
Kettog, s.f., pi. Ketoga, cettog, D., s.v. 'corbis'. (i) ' box' in
Kettog halan, ' salt-box ' ; Kettog luya ( ]. J.) ' box for keeping spoons '.
(2) ' belly ' : gesti lond dz gettog / (3) = dy:n boljog : hem gettog o
hem 8y:n (O.H.).
Kettyn, s.m., pi. katja, cettyn, R. [a piece of something] ; G.O. ii.
237. 32, 'tobacco-pipe' =. pibal\ gola, tanjo Kettyn, 'to light a
pipe ' ; luyBo, lenwi Kettyn, ' to fill a pipe ' ; pen Kettyn, ' bowl of
a pipe ' ; ko:ys Kettyn, ( pipe-stem ' : 0:8 9 du:r m du:ad i laur vel
kbysa katja (6.H., speaking of heavy rain).
KeBin, adj.,cethin, D., 'hard'; 'unyielding' : dy:n, Kerig, koydKeBin ;
— £el*g KeBin, ' a worthless kind of pear ' (O.H.) ; — rhewi y geBtn, 311
o:yr°ge6in (O.H.) ; — gadt geBin, 'a steep hill', i.e.°hard to ascend:
may hi y geBin jaun drino i vzny hon ; — ma: y geBin jaun arna i
1 it is very hard upon me '.
Kevn, s.m., pi. Kevna, cefn, D., ' back ' : r 0:8 3 gwynt 3n 3 yhevn,
' the wind was behind me ' ; ar gevn Kefyl, ' on horseback ', pi. ar
gevna ksfsla ; gorvaft ar wastad i gevn, ' to lie on one's back ' ; 3n
Kcvnan — Ke'yad
uysg t'gevn, 'backwards'; s>r6jo dros i fcvn, ' to fall over back-
wards ', e.g. in " catching a crab " ; farad m tou:g nj jhevn ru:in,
1 to speak evil of some one behind his back ' ; kayl i gevn atio vo,
1 to get over it, recover himself ; 9 geya n du:ad ar >x Kevn */,
winter descending upon you before you are aware of it '. — In vai
transferred senses : Kevn la:u, ' back of the hand ' ; Kevn tr
4 instep ' ; Kevn es&id, * uppers ', cf. D. s.v. ' semiploti.i ' ; Kevn 3 />•:,
4 back of the house ' ; dru:s 9 Kevn, ' back door '.; Kt&in &evn, ' back
kiichen ' (= Ke&in 6a:x) ', may * paradty &evn ilo vo, ' the wall forms
a back for it ', e. £. a book-case ; %hoi rubaB ar i £evn, * to put
something on its back ' ; (of slates) 4 to put them on their sides =
ar i ho\ra ; Kevn o di:r = drym, a 4 ridge ' ; also Keim 3 ti:r ; — ar >
Kevn ti:r ; — hence in farming, a " land ", i.e. ' one of the strips into
which a ploughed field is divided by water-furrows (jrh9\a} ' — also
the first furrow turned in ploughing : agor Kevn, 4 to open the
furrow ' ; — kanol Kevn = drym, 4 the top or centre of the " l.i
(cf. D. s.v. ' lira ') ; — in slate quarries, Kevn = 4 a joint ', i.e. * a kind
of more or less vertical crack or fissure intersecting the rock '
(cf. troyd] \—&evn no:s, &evn trtmbab no:s, ' in the middle of the
night ' : mi godoS o gevn no:s ; — £evn dj>:& go/a, gevn kanol dy&
gola, ' in the middle of the day ' ; — Kevn is also used in the sense of
* protection ', cf. -dirgevn, 4 defenceless '. — also ' surety ' : mi a:6
ay gevn tdo vo.
Kevnan, s.f., cefnen, D., s.v. 4 dorsum ' ; ' brow of a hill, ridge '
(= drym).
Kevndar, s.m., pi. Kevndryd, cefnderw, D., ' first cousin' : may 0
y gevndar a mi:, ' he is my first cousin ' ; Kevndar a \niQar o:& i
nhaid a nain, ' my grandfather and grandmother were first cousins '.
Kevndras, s., ' the chain which passes over the cart-saddle of a
horse, backhand'.
Kevngor, s.m., cefngor, ' the head of the stall in a cow-house '
(cf. ko:r, Llanuwchllyn = beydy) : %hoid buyd i r gwarBag dros >
gevngor i r fotrum (O.H.).
Kevnog, adj., cefnog, D., s.v. ' animosus ' ; ' well off ' : dy.*n &-
1 a man in easy circumstances '. Cf. G.O ii. 19. 12.
Kevny, v., cefnu, D., 4vincere, superare'. (i) 'to get over' (i.e.
so as to have at one's back, behind one) : du i wedi \evny hi n o
serund, ' I have got over it pretty well '. (2) ' to turn one's back ' :
Kevny ar ru:in.
Kevrjo \Kerv jo\.
Keyad, s.m., caead, D., ' lid ' (of a kettle, can, etc.) : mi ro: i
gey ad ar i bisar o, ' I will make him hold his tongue*. — Also ' the
tail board of a cart '.
Keyad, adj., caead, cauad, D. (i) 'closed': i \e:k i n dyn >y
256 Keyedig — Kibin
gey ad, ' her mouth tightly closed '. (2) ' fenced ' : ?di r van ?y
geyedig ? sdi, may hi 'ay 'gey ad, vy:§ na dim lawar o wai'B i ti.
Keyedig, adj., cauedic, Cant. iv. 12, 'closed'; 'fenced'. See
above.
Keylan, s.f., pi. Keylanna, ceulan, D., ' fibra, ripa ' ; ' bank of a
river ' : may r avon wedi livo dros i x'eylanna, ' the river has over-
flowed its banks ' ; — hiybyr ar hy:d 9 geylan i vdny ; — gwynt an
XuBy dros 9 geylan ; — ar 9 geylan dmmyl, ' on the very edge '.
Keylo, v., ceulo, D., ' to curdle '.
Keylys, s.pl. Cf. ceilys M.F. ; Eng. (Dial.) kails ; ' ninepins ' :
Xwara Keylys.
Keynan, s.f., caenen, D., ' a thin layer ' : Keynan o ei'ra. Also
used of a poor crop : zdi r haib wedi gino n 8a: ? na:g sdi, wi:r. riu
geynan go dena ddi o (O.H.).
HeyBdray s.m., caethdra, S.E. (i) 'confinement' (cf. KeiBiwo\
(2) 'asthma' (W.H.; O.H.) = KeiBiwad (ar 9 gwynt).
Hi:, s.m., pi. ku:n, ci, D., 'dog': Hi: devaid, 'sheep-dog'; Hi:
hela, ' hound ' ; Hi: gwa:yd, ' bloodhound ' ; kun 'ba:x, ' puppies ' ;
'ga:st a xun, ' biich and puppies ' ; Hi: a i gumfon m i avl, Hi: swat,
' a dog with his tail between his legs ' ; edrax vel Hi: wedi tori gumfon,
' to look cowed ' ; kadu Hi: a x^arQ V9 hynan, ' to keep a servant
and do my own work ' ; Hi: he:n zdi Ki: morgan (prov.), ' old birds
cannot be caught with chaff ' ; boljad Ki: beriB dridja (prov.), ' a
dog's fill lasts three days ' ; 3 Hi: gerdo (gerbiff) geiB (prov.), ' he
who goes far will prosper ' ; gormod o budin dagiB gi: (prov.), ' one
can have too much of a good thing ' ; byu vel ku:n a mo:x, ' to lead
a cat and dog life ' ; drtja r ku:n, l dog-days ', cf. D., s.v. * etesiae ' ;
— Ki: mo:r, ' dog-fish ' (Scyllium canicula) ; Hi: drskKin, ' a partial
rainbow ' = riu aruityon o la:u an vr awyr ( J.J.). Cf. Peacock, ' The
Glossary of the Hundred of Lonsdale ' : " Dog, ' a partial rainbow '."
Ki:ab, adj., ciaidd, D., s.v. 'cynicus'; D.P.O. 77. 12; 80. 5;
99. 2, ' cruel, brutal '.
Rtba, s.pl., cibau, D., ' husks ' : syt gerx 'gu:soxi ? dru:gjaun, may
o n laun o giba ( J.J.). [Not known to O.H. except as scriptural
word. Cf. St. Luke xv. 16.]
adj., cibddall, B.C. 58. 14, 'dull of comprehension'
Kibin, s.m., pi. Kibmna, cibyn, D., s.v. ' testa' ; ' a round wooden
vessel with two handles, used especially for measuring corn '. Also
the amount contained in a Kibin = so^lbs. (of corn) ; pedwar xwart
(maur) —y:n Kibin ; pedwar Kibin =y:n storad \_hbmnad] ; — may
i benno vel Kibin, — wedi yyjoy^o vel Kibin, said of a swollen face
(W.H.).
— Kixjo 257
Xttogt adj., cibog, D., s.v. 'silus'; 'frowning, disagreeable-
looking '.
#idi{, s.f., cidyll, cidyll coch, D., ' tinnunculus ' ; — Kidi^ go:\}
' a kind of hawk ' (O.H.), ' kestrel ', Forrest (Falco tinnunculus),
cC/mi/ijwx. Only in current use in the expression wedi gwiltjo
y /;</,{ (O.H.).
Xtty'o, Ki^jad, v., cuddio, D. ; cf. ciddio C.C.M. 167. 14. Imperf.
K&jun. Pret. S. i. Ufa's, 3. #id/ot, ' to hide '.
Ki:g, s.m., cig, D. (i) * meat ' : fag mo:\, ' bacon ' = bakkun,
bekn; Ki:g Kiut 'chicken'; ba:\Ki:g, * meat-hook'. (2) in certain
locutions, ' flesh ' : fag a gwa:yd> ' flesh and blood ' ; fag maru,
'proud flesh'; fag no:y6, 'raw flesh ', i.e. with the outer skin
rubbed off : ?y forbad nes o:yb o y gi:g no:y6.
Kigeftdra, s., cieieddtra (sic), W.S. [Doggednes] ; cieidd-dra,
S.E., * an act of cruelty ' : wedi gneyd Kigeftdra m i wirjondab (i
wiltinab), i.e. in a moment of passion (O.H.).
Kt'geyftlyd, KigaWyd, adj., ' cruel, harsh, savage ' ; may hi n rhy:
gtgeySlyd o lawar hevo r plant na ; hem gena Kigeyblyd brunt ! —
(O.H.).
Kiglid, adj., ciglyd, D.G. xix. 10, 'cruel, harsh, savage': r he:n
gena Kiglid! (O.K.)
KignoB, adj., cignoeth, T.N. 237. 14. (i) 'raw' of flesh with
the outer skin rubbed off: yy Kerbad nes o:yb o n gignoQ (= gi:g
twyff). (2) 'of biting speech', said of one who does not mince
matters : fadur KignoQ.
Kigog, adj., cigog, D., ' fleshy ',
Higvran, s.f., pi. Kigvranod, cigfran, D., ' raven ' (Corvus corax) :
mi a:B i ei&o rhuy 9 £igvran a r ku:n, ' his property went to the
dogs ', e. g. through a disputed will (J.J.).
Kigwan, s., cigwen and cigwain, D., ' a sort of fork, like a
toasting-fork, used for lifting puddings boiled in cloths out of
saucepans, or for turning meat in a saucepan ; flesh-hook '.
Kik, s.f., pi. Kikja, 'kick'.
Oj v., cicio, T.N. 13. 24, 'to kick': Kikjo pe:l dro:yd,
' football '.
Kiks, s., in playing marbles, ' another go ' : bara Kiks, ' another
go is forbidden ' (I.W.).
Kixja, s.pl., cuchiau, pi. of cuwch, D., ' sulky looks ' : dra\u\ ar
* gixja vo /, ' look at his sulky looks ' ; gulun i gixja, ' to let one's
face fall ' ; dayos i gixja n erbyn pe:0, ' to show one's displeasure at
something '.
&XJo, v., cuchio, D. ; cf. cichio, C.C.M. 194. 21, 'to frown':
peidjux a Kixjo x &'{/& arna t\ ' don't frown at me '.
1132 S
256 Keyedig — Kibin
gey ad, l her mouth tightly closed '. (2) ' fenced ' : sdi r van ay
geyedig ? adz, may hi '^y 'geyad, V}':8 na dim lawar o waiB i ti.
Keyedig, adj., cauedic, Cant. iv. 12, 'closed'; 'fenced'. See
above.
Keylan, s.f., pi. Keylanna, ceulan, D., ' fibra, ripa ' ; ' bank of a
river ' : may r avon wedi livo dros i x'eylanna, ' the river has over-
flowed its banks ' ; — luybyr ar hy:d 9 geylan i vany ; — gwynt an
XU&y dros 9 geylan ; — ar 9 geylan ^mrnyl, ' on the very edge '.
Keylo, v., ceulo, D., * to curdle '.
Keylys, s.pl. Cf. ceilys M.F. ; Eng. (Dial.) kails ; ' ninepins ' :
Xwara Jleylys.
Keynan, s.f., caenen, D., ' a thin layer ' : Keynan o ei'ra. Also
used of a poor crop : 9di r haib wedi gino n da: ? na:g adi, wi:r. riu
geynan go dena adi o (O.H.).
KeyBdra, s.m., caethdra, S.E. (i) 'confinement' (cf. KeiBiwo\
(2) ' asthma ' (W.H.; O.H.) = KeiQiwad (ar 9 gwynf).
Ki:, s.m., pi. ku:nt ci, D., 'dog': Hi: devaid, 'sheep-dog'; Hi:
hela, ' hound ' ; Ki: gwayd, ' bloodhound ' ; kun 'ba:x, ' puppies ' ;
'ga:st a xun, ' bitch and puppies ' ; Hi: a i gum/on dn i avl, Ki: swat^
' a dog with his tail between his legs ' ; edrax vel Ki: wedi tori gumf on ,
' to look cowed ' ; kadu Ki: a xwarB v? hynan, ' to keep a servant
and do my own work ' ; Ki: he:n adi Ki: morgan (prov.), ' old birds
cannot be caught with chaff ' ; boljad Ki: ben'B dridja (prov.), ' a
dog's fill lasts three days ' ; 3 Ki: gerdo (gerbiff) geiB (prov.), ' he
who goes far will prosper' ; gormod o budin dagiB gi: (prov.), 'one
can have too much of a good thing ' ; byu vel ku:n a mo:x, ' to lead
a cat and dog life ' ; drtja r ku:n> ' dog-days ', cf. D., s.v. ' etesiae ' ;
— Ki: mo:r, ' dog-fish ' (Scyllium canicula) ; Ki: drskKin, ' a partial
rainbow ' = riu aruibjon o la:u in dr awyr ( J.J.). Cf. Peacock, ' The
Glossary of the Hundred of Lonsdale ' : " Dog, ' a partial rainbow '."
, adj., ciaidd, D., s.v. 'cynicus'; D.P.O. 77. 12; 80. 5;
99. 2, ' cruel, brutal '.
Mtba, s.pl., cibau, D., ' husks ' : syt gerx 'gu:soxi ? dru:gjaun, may
0 n laun o giba (J.J.). [Not known to O.H. except as scriptural
word. Cf. St. Luke xv. 16.]
Kib§al, adj., cibddall, B.C. 58. 14, 'dull of comprehension*
(W.H.;°O.H.).
Kibin> s.m., pi. Kibmna, cibyn, D., s.v. ' testa' ; ' a round wooden
vessel with two handles, used especially for measuring corn '. Also
the amount contained in a Kibin — sojlbs. (of corn) ; pedwar xwart
(maur) —y:n Kibin ; pedwar Kibin =y:n storad \k9bmnad\ ; — may
1 benno vel Kibin, — wedi x^ybo vel Kibin, said of a swollen face
(W.H.).
— Kixjo 257
i adj., cibog, D., s.v. ' silus ' ; ' frowning, disagreeable-
looking '.
idi^ s.f., cidyll, cidyll coch, D., ' tinnunculus ' ',—Kidi[ go:\,
'a kind of hawk' (O.H.), 'kestrel', Forrest (Falco tinnunculus),
Only in current use in the expression wedi gwiltjo
fo'ty'o, K&jad, v., cuddio, D. ; cf. ciddio C.C.M. 167. 14. Imperf.
K&jun. Pret. S. i. mis, 3. K&jo*, « to hide '.
fag, s.m., cig, D. (i) « meat ' : fag mo:x, ' bacon ' = bakkun,
bekn; fag Miut 'chicken'; ba:\ Ki:g, 'meat-hook'. (2) in certain
locutions, 'flesh': fag a gwayd, 'flesh and blood'; fag maru,
'proud flesh'; fag no.y$, 'raw flesh ', i.e. with the outer skin
i ubbed off : ?y forbad nes o:yb o y gi:g no:y6.
^ Kigeibdra, s., cieieddtra (sic), W.S. [Doggednes] ; cieidd-dra,
S.E., ' an act of cruelty ' : wedi gneyd Kigeibdra m i wirjondab (i
wiltinab\ i.e. in a moment of passion (O.H.).
KigeyWyd, Kigrtly <d, adj., ' cruel, harsh, savage ' ; may hi n rhy:
gigeyftlyd o lawar hevo r plant na ; he:n gena Kig'eyblyd brunt I —
(O.H.).
Kiglid, adj., ciglyd, D.G. xix. 10, 'cruel, harsh, savage': r he:n
gena Kiglid! (O.K.)
KignoQ, adj., cignoeth, T.N. 237. 14. (i) 'raw' of flesh with
the outer skin rubbed off: 9y Kerbad nes o:y§ o n gignoB (= gi:g
no:y&\ (2) 'of biting speech ', said of one who does not mince
matters : fadur KignoQ.
Kigog, adj., cigog, D., ' fleshy ',
Kigvran, s.f., pi. Higvranod, cigfran, D., ' raven ' (Corvus corax) :
mi a:B i et'8o rhuy 9 £igvran a r ku:n, ' his property went to the
dogs ', e. g. through a disputed will (J.J.).
Kigwan, s., cigwen and cigwain, D., ' a sort of fork, like a
toasting-fork, used for lifting puddings boiled in cloths out of
saucepans, or for turning meat in a saucepan ; flesh-hook '.
Kik, s.f., pi. Kikja, 'kick'.
liikjo, v., cicio, T.N. 13. 24, 'to kick': Kikjo pe:l droyd,
' football '.
Kikst s., in playing marbles, ' another go ' : bara Kiks, ' another
go is forbidden ' (I.W.).
Ki\ja, s.pl., cuchiau, pi. of cuwch, D., ' sulky looks ' : draxu\ ar
i £i\ja vo /, ' look at his sulky looks ' ; gulun i gi'xja, ' to let one's
face fall ' ; danos i gi'xja n erbyn pe:0, * to show one's displeasure at
something '.
Kixjo, v., cuchio, D. ; cf. cichio, C.C.M. 194. 21, 'to frown':
peidjux a Kixjo X WJ& arna t\ ' don't frown at me '.
258 Ki\jog — Kimmint
Kixjog, adj., cuchiog, D., ' frowning, sulky ' : may o n edrax ?y
gi\jogjaun.
Kt:lj s.m., cil, D. (i) 'corner, recess, narrow opening': Kid 3
hgad, ' corner of the eye ' ; dgo:y o vakko zy ffhid i vo:x, ' a plug of
tobacco in his cheek ' ; Kid 3 pentan, ' the corner of the hearth ' ;
djaul Ki:l pentan ag ayal pen forb \djaul\ ; Kid 9 durn, ' half-closed
hollow of the hand ' ; rhoi Kid durn, ' to bribe ' (= hiro) ; degum
Ki:l durn, ' the pay of a preacher ' ; Kid durn = also ' one who
receives bribes ' ; gadux 3 dru:s dy gid gorad, ' leave the door ajar ' ;
agor Kid dru:s, ' to open a door slightly ' ; edrax tru:y gid 2 dru:s,
' to peep through a door when ajar'. (2) 'a receding, retiring'
(of the sun and moon) : may n le: Kid hayl, ' the place does not get
the sun, is sheltered from the sun ' ; o:s na gid hayl 3n nant 3
velin ? o.ys, am bedwar mi:s, ' is Nant y Felin without sun any part
of the year ? ' ' Yes, for four months ' ; Kid 2 leyad, ' the waning of
the moon': o:ys na ley ad? o:yst riu gid ley ad. (3) in phr. knoi
Kid, ' to chew the cud '.
Kilbost, s., cilbost, S.E., * the post on which a gate hangs '. Also
Kilbost 9 dru:s.
Kild9nny, v., kildynnu, W.S. [Draw a syde], ' not to pull together '
(in fig. sense), said e. g. of two persons in partnership or of a man
and wife.
Kildmnys, adj., ' refractory ' (W.H. ; O.H.).
Kilbant, s., pi. Kilbanndb, Kid dannaS, cilddant, D., ' back tooth,
molar ' : gweld i gid dannad,gweld Kid i dannad> ' to see the ugly
side of him '.
Kiljo, v., cilio, D. (i) 'to retreat, retire*. (2) 'to take one's
departure ' : ma na lawar o dai gwe'igjon dmma ; may r bobol wedi
Kiljo. (3) ' to go down ', e. g. of a swelling. (4) ' to stand back,
make room ' : Kilja (= klofa) is said to a horse or cow to make it
stand close to the wall in a stable or cow-house (O.K.) ; — trans.
' to draw back, to take out of the way ' : Kilja dy dra:yd, ' take your
feet out of the way ' ; Kilja d? dra:yd 0:8 ar 9 mrfommis z\ r hem
sort / (O.H.), ' clear out of my premises, you old vagabond ! '
KilKin, s.m., cilcyn, D., s.v. ' ramentum ' ; 'a small piece left ' :
KtlKin tor&, ta:s (wair), KilKin o vara ; — may hi wedi darvod, t o:ys
na dim ond KilKin ba:x o honi hi ; — may r kosyn wedi mynd ay gilKin.
Also ' a small piece cut off a corner ' : tor gilKin o r garag vel hyn,
mtvy:8 m haus iBori, ' cut a corner off the stone like this, it will be
easier to cut it ' = la:d sglodyn, tori riu goyol (O.H.).
Kilva\, s.f., pi. Kilvaxa, cilfach, D., ' a sheltered place behind a
knoll or rock ; nook ' = le: ba:x koylog.
Kimmint, Kimmin> s., adj., and adv., cymmaint and cymmain, D.,
cf. cimain, I.G. 540. 15; cimmaint, M.LI, ii, n. 25; cimin,
klaguyb — klaub 261
klaguyb, s.m., pi. klagwibi, ceiliagftydd, D., s.v. ' anser ' : seviB o kirn
mu:y na du:r ar ben klagub, cf. ' like water off a duck's back '.
klai, s.m., clai, D.G. cxciv. 1 9 ; Gen. xi. 3 ; D., ' clay '.
klais, s.m., pi. kleifa, clais, D., 'bruise ' : dan i gltif'a, ' bruised,
black and blue '.
klamma, s.m., calan Mai; calanmei, W.B. col. 31. 2, ' May 13 '
(hiring-time for farm servants).
klamp, s.m., clamp, D., ' massa '. (i) ' lump ' : klamp o do:ys, ' a
lump of dough '. (2) ' anything big ' : may o y glamp o ty:n maur,
' he is a great big man ' ; mi rot/ i glamp o glystan ibo vo, ' I gave
him a great box on the ears '.
klampan, s.f. = klamp : — klampan o ga:6 vaur.
klandro, klondro, krandro, v., clandro, S.E. ; Eng. calendar, (i) ' to
count ' (money). (2) 'to calculate, reckon up ' : klandrux o m »\
Ttiedut.
klaygeya, s.m., calan gaeaf ; cf. D.G. cxcii. 8, ' the winter calends ',
i. e. November 1 3 (hiring-time for farm servants) ; no:s klay&eya,
the eve of that day ; no:s 9r he:n glangeya, ' All-hallows Eve '.
kfap, s.m., pi. klapja, clap, S.E.*, ' lump ' : klap o lo:t ' a lump of
coal ' (= knap); trayd klapja^ ' club-feet '. Cf. knap.
klap, s.m., cf. clappian, R. [to tattle, to tell tales], ' a sneak ' ; —
karjo klaps, ' to carry tales '. Cf. Eng. (Dial.) claps, ' tales,
gossip '.
klapjan, v. \knapjari\.
klapjog, adj., clapiog, S.E., ' lumpy '.
klark, s.m., pi. klarkod, clarc, B.C. 74. 15; pi. clarcod, 62. 19,
' clerk '.
klarkjO) v., ' to act as clerk '.
klatf, adj., cf. Eng. (Dial.) clatch [any piece of mechanical work
done in a careless way ; a clumsy article], Sc., in the exp. bara
klatf, ' badly risen, sad, doughy, unwholesome bread '.
klatf, s., ? Eng. (Dial.) clash [the sound made by a heavy
clanking or a crushing blow, etc.], Sc., Nhb., Yks., gun klatf,
' pop-gun ' ; wedi tori y glatf, ' broken clean in two '. (Cf. krat/.)
klatf\_kratf\
klatfo, v., Eng. (Dial.) clatch [to tell tales of a person], Chs., ' to
tell "lies ' : klatfo (= kabatfo) kluyba.
klatfur, s.m., ' liar ' : he:n glatfur idi o.
klaud, adj., tlawd, D., ' poor ' (rarely used = tlaud).
klaub, s.m., pi. klobja, clawdd, D. (i) properly ' a mound made
by piling up the earth dug out of two parallel trenches, and placed
262 kla:v — kleidir
between them' — the earth thus piled up forming the base of a
hedge : may klauS o dan d gwry:x. (2) ' a boundary to a field or
enclosure, or to a road, whether it be a wall or a hedge ' : klauS
drain, ' a hedge ' as distinguished from a wall ; fo:s 9 klauft, ' ditch
by the side of a hedge ' ; klaub tervyn, ' boundary wall ' ; tori pen
klaub, ' to trim the top of a hedge ' ; tori gwymmad klau^ ' to trim
the side of a hedge ' ; cf. also sgutfo, tokjo ; — kay klaub, ' to mend
a hedge ' ; phgy klauft, ' to bend a hedge ' ; tori klaub a i stufjo, ' to
cut a hedge and fill the gaps with thorns ' ; r o:b o n mynd o glauft
i glaub, 'he was staggering along from one side to another', e.g.
of a drunken man.
kla:Vj adj., pi. kle'ivjon, claf, D., ' sick, ill ' : klub kle'ivjon t ' sick
club ' (except in this expression rarely used) = sa:l, gwayl.
klavr, s., clafr, D., * scab ' (in sheep) ; — also applied to persons :
may me§dod wedi neyd o y glavr i gi:d.
klebar, s., debar, T.N. 444. 7, ' chatter, idle conversation ' : deyd
klebar.
klebar, v., ' to jabber, chatter ' : paid a \lebar sn wirjon.
klebran, s.m., clebran, S.E. (i) 'chatter, idle conversation'.
(2) ' tell-tale ' : he:n glebran ddi o.
klebsyn, corr. of klesbyn.
kledar, s.f., pi. kledra, cledr, D., ' palm of the hand '.
kledi, s.m., caledi, Prov. i. 27; cledi, B.C. 73. i, 'hardship,
affliction ' : meun riu gledi maur.
kledux, s., caledwch, D., s.v. ' duritas ' ; ' hardness ' (in all senses) :
kledux my:ly ' stupidity '.
kledy, v., caledu, D. ; cledu, M.LI. i. 170. 21. (i) Trans. 'to
make hard, firm ' : kledy o dan 9 reds ar d domman, ' to harden the
ground beneath the rails on the refuse heap of a slate-quarry ' ;
kledy o gumpas po:st, ga:t, etc. (2) Intr. * to harden ' : may r menyn
wedi kledy (= fery). — Also applied e.g. to the settling down of hay
in a hay-stack = gustun ; — with <?«, ' to set to in earnest ' : mynd
911 ara de:g d durnod hnta ag dy kledy dni hi zr ail dy:§ (O.H. in
speaking of setting out to walk for a long distance).
kleba, s.m., pi. kb&wa, cleddyf, D.; cleddau, Rev. i. 16, ' sword' :
ma na i ovn o vel gu:r a x/<?&z, ' I am terribly frightened of
him ' (i. e. as of a man with a sword) ; / o:s na i ovn na dy:n na
xle§a (O.H.) ; kleba bk§yn> cleddyf Bleddyn, D., s.v. ' splen ' ;
' spleen '.
klegar, v., clegr, D., s.v. 'glacito'; clegar, T.N. 322. 2. (i) ' to
quack ' (of ducks). (2) 'to talk loudly, shout ' : day djy:n ?y klegar
hevo i gilib; dy:n ay klegar penwaig.
kle'idir, s.m., clei-dir, i Kings vii. 46, 'clayey land '.
kltimjo — klemjo 263
kle'imjo, v., kleimio, W.S.; cleimio, B.C. 46. 23; cf. L.G.C.,
265. 7, 'to claim ' : mi kleimja i o.
klanf'o, v., kleinsio pen hoel, W.S. [Clenche], 'to clinch':
kleinfo hoy Ian — -y:n m dal murBul ar ifen hi a r (a£ m i \leinfo hi.
kle'iog, adj., cleiog, S.E., ' clayey '.
kleirjax, s.m., cleiriach, D., ' an old decrepid person ' (I.W.)
kleifo, v., cleisio, D., ' to bruise ' : may r knaud wedi gle'ifo ; may
r avol wedi gleif'o.
kle'ivis, s. Eng. (Dial.) clivvis, clevis; see also N.E.D., s.v.
' clevis ', ' a piece of iron used for fastening a truck to a rope when
going up or down the incline of a quarry '. Cf. kotgal.
kick, s.f., clecc, D. ; Eng. (Dial.) clack, ' snap ' : rhoi kick ar 9
maud, ' to snap my fingers ' ; a \lek ar 3 maud a fur a vi:, * off I
went, snapping my fingers ' ; — may r plant ?n tmny bisab koxjon ag
yy gneyd klek hevo nu ; — tori karag zy glek, ' to break a stone with
a snap ' ; darvod yy glek, ' to finish all of a sudden '. Cf. klep.
klekjan, v., cleccian, D.G. clviii. 48 ; B.C. 94. 20 ; Eng. (Dial.)
clack ; M.E. clacken, * to rattle, clatter, etc/ : may r fenast nj
klekjan, ' the window is rattling ' ; 'to crackle ' (of a fire) ; * to
crack ' (of a whip) ; ' to clatter ' (of stones) ; ' to chatter ' (of
teeth) ; — pren zy klekjan uB i don ; — Sary o farad nes o:d 3 kubul zy
klekjan, ' he spoke till the whole place rang ' ;— of things which
crunch beneath the teeth, e. g. something burnt : klekjan dan Sannad ;
— klekjan i vaud, ' to snap the fingers '. — Cf. klepjan.
kle\ort s.m., cf. clechor, M.F. = dy:n stwnig, peygalad, laun o
stimja dru:g (J.J.) ; dy:nf3rnig, Kin vrmtad a vedar o vo:d(O.H.). —
r he:n gle\or gwirjon ! (O.H.)
klem, s.f., pi. klemja, clem, R. [a slice, a piece], « a patch on the
sole of a shoe '.
klem, s.f., Eng. (Dial.) clam, clem [a slow starvation], ' state of
starvation, destitution ' : may hi wedi mynd ay glem arno vo, ' things
are in a bad state with him ' ; may o wedi gneyd i hy:n zy glem, said
of one who has done for himself, e. g. by being turned off from his
work through his own fault — (O.H.) ; may o m byu ar letty r glem,
' he fives from hand to mouth ' (W.H.).
klemjo, v., clemio, C.F. 1890, 332. 33, 'to patch the soles of
boots '.
klemjo, v., clemio, C.F. 1889, 677. 22; Eng. (Dial.) clem [to
starve for want of food], ' to starve, to be destitute ' ; dy:n ?y
klemjo i hy:n (a digon o bre:s gmo vo) O.H. ; — dy:n wedi ka:l i
glenijo am i wai& i hy:n, ' a man who has brought himself to destitu-
tion through his own fault ' (O.H.).
264 klemman — klerk
klemman, s., ' a large piece ' (I.W.) ; klemman o vre\tan (= /aval,
klmtan, kluf}.
klemp, s.m., Eng. clamp, ' a piece of iron placed under the toe of
a shoe '.
klempan, s., ' a blow with the back of the hand ' (O.H.).
kle:n, adj., sup.klenja, clen, T.N. 183. 5; Eng. clean; 'pleasant,
nice, agreeable ' : dy:n kle:n, ' a nice fellow ' ; dy.n kle:n jaun i
farad, l a pleasant-spoken man '.
klennig, s.m., calennig, C.C.M, 52. 17; cylenig, I.G. 541. 4;
celennig, D., s.v. ' strena ' ; ' a New Year's gift '.
kleyk, s. ; ? Eng. (Dial.) clenk, form of clank [a sounding blow],
w.Yks. For the sense development cf. kleut and kleutan. (i) ' any-
thing flat ' (I.W.) : kleyk o vara = pisin maur go da: (O.H.). (2)
* a fall ' (I.W.). (3) « a shock to the body caused e. g. by making
a false step ' : dy:n dy ka:l kleyk uQ gam gwa:g (O.K.) ; cf. klerk.
(4) fig. ' a loss ' = koiad : mi gavoB o dippin o gleyk, e. g. through
being deceived in a bargain, by the death of a horse (O.H.) ;
mynd o r nail gleyk i r la I.
kleykjog [kloykjog].
klep. s.m.f., clep, D.G. ccxvi. 37; C.C.M. 417. i ; B.C. 96. 17 ;
clap, D.G. cxlvi. 20; C.C.M. 251. 4; Eng. clap; cleppe (i3th
cent.), (i) ' bang, clap ' : rhoi klep ar 3 dru:s, kay 9 dru:s 3y glep,
' to bang the door ' ; klep ar 9 maud ! be du i n hidjo arno vo ?, 'I
don't care that for him', i.e. a snap of the fingers. (Perhaps a
confusion with klek.) (2) ' clapper of a mill ' : farad vel klep melin.
(3) ' chatter ' : rhoi i glep i vjaun ; riu he:n glep o hy:d ; du ftwedi
lary ar i he:n glep o. — in pi. karjo kleps, ' to tell tales ' (cf. klap).
(4) ' mouth ' : kay d? glep / (5) ' chatterer, tell-tale ' : r he:n glep !
klepgi, s.m., clepgi, T.N. 345, 36, 'a chatterer' = dy:n m farad
o hy:d ag ar draus paub : — ta:u 3r he:n glepgi gdQral !
klepjan, v., clepian, S.E. ; Eng. (Dial.) clap [talking, prating] ;
clep [to chatter, gossip, tattle, tell tales], (i) 'to rattle, bang'
(cf. klekjan) : may r dru:s ay klepjan, e. g. through being left open
in a draught ; klepjan am wy:a, * to go round at Easter rattling
stones together to beg for eggs '. (2) ' to jabber, chatter'. (3) ' to
ask persistently ' : paid a xl^pjan arna i vel na (?y govyn am be:B na
'vedruxi m o i roid o); klepjan farad ; klepjan o hy:d am vrextan.
(4) 'to gossip ' : klepjan s try: on, klepjan am ru:in o hy:d. (5) 'to
clap ' (the hands).
kleppyn, s.m., dim. of klap, ' a small lump '. Cf. kneppyn.
klerk, s., ' a sudden sharp knock ', e. g. of the foot against a stone ;
kkrkjan — klip 265
also with the hand, etc. : mi ro:6 o glerk arna i ; — fig. may o a i
glerk ar baub, ' he finds fault with every one ' = hel beta. —-(].]. ;
unknown to O.H.).
klerkjan, v., 'to give a sudden sharp knock';— fig. 'to find
fault ' (J.J. ; unknown to O.H.).
klert, s., ' a lounging ' (J.J. ; unknown to O.K.).
klertjan, v. fl.W.; E.J.; J.J.).j O.K. has kler/jan and kkrtjo;
cf. Eng. (Dial.) clart [to do anything in a sloppy, slatternly way ;
to trifle, bungle over work ; to idle, waste time], Bnff., Nhb., Cum.,
e.Yks., Not., n.Lin., ' to lounge ' : kkrtjan m jt: gwtiQjo ; sy kkrtjo
gweiOjo ; ay kkrtjan hevo i waiQ ; kkrtjo hyd 9 walja, ar 9 bont, ar
9 6urd (i. e. with one's elbows), ar 9 gha:u (i. e. with one's hands
resting on the handle).
klertog (J.J.); kkrtjog (O.H.), adj. corresponding to above : dy:n
kkrtjog.
klesbyn ; klebsyn (E.J.), s.m., pi. klesbja. (i) 'clasp': klesbyn
klogsan, ' the clasp of a clog '. (2) in slate quarries * clasp ', i. e. one
of two pieces of iron of different lengths inserted into a split made
by a chisel. Between them is placed a larger chisel (ky:n kraig)
which is then driven in with a mallet.
kkut, s., clewt, S.E. ; Eng. clout [a blow]. Cf. the dialectical form
cleaut, Lan.; also clut, Corn. [* to fall with a clut ' = ' to fall in a
heap ' ; and * to fa* clout ', Sc. ' to fall to the ground with force ']. —
in phrase : disgin i laur ay gleut, ' to fall in a heap '.
kleutan (I.W.; J.J. ; O.K.) ; kbutan (E.J.), s.f., pi. kleutja, clewtan,
S.E. ; Eng. clout, (i) ' anything flat ' (I.W.)— of a stone in a wall :
zy gorvad i gi:d zy gleutan ar 3 mortar — may gini hi wely da: (O.H.) ;
— kleutan o vre\tan, dur\ (dywarch), dorQ — of bread that has not
risen properly : may r bara ny:n gleutan. (2) ' a blow ': ssrBjo y
glautan ar !aur, ( to fall in a heap, to fall with force '. (3) ' a fine,
strapping woman ' : dma gleutan de:u nobl.
kleyar, adj., clauar, D., ' lukewarm ' ; ' warm ' (of wintry weather).
klikjad, s.m., pi. klikjada, klickiet, W.S. ; cliccied, D. ; Eng. clicket
(still in Dialects), Match of a door ' ; klikjad ge:n, 'jawbone '.
klino, v. = /lino, tylino, D., ' to knead '.
kliykum, s., clincwm, S.E., 'importunate harping on the same
string ' : kliykum o hy:d am 9r y:n pe:Q ; dma gliykum o hy:d ifo i
Xa:l hi; kadu kliykum (O.H.).
klip, s.m., pi. klipja, clip, R. [a precipice], 'a steep hill ' : may
hun 3y glip go drum ; — dros glip penman'maur, alluding to the road
between Llanfairfechan and Penmaenmawr.
klip, s.m., pi. klipja, clips, M.LI. ii. 115, 19, 'eclipse': klip ar
9r hayl.
266 klipjo — klo:d
klipjo, v., ' to clip ' : klipjo hfala hevo sisurn.
klippan, s.f., ' hill ' = klip-.— klippan vaur (O.K.).
klippan, s.f., clipen, S.E., * a slap on the face with the palm or
back of the hand ' (not so violent as ftelpari).
klippus, s., cnippws, D., ' talitrum ' ; ' a slap ' (O.H.).
klt:r, adj., clir, B.C. 26. 24. (i) 'clear' (of the weather). (2)
' clear ', i.e. at a safe distance : r ^du in sevyl zy gli:r oru6 rhei ni,
1 1 keep clear of those people '. (3) ' cleared ? : le: kli:r, ' a place
which has been cleared'. (4) 'entirely': meBy y gli:r, 'to fail
entirely ' = meQy n la:n.
klirjo, v., clirio, B.C. 116.31, (i ) ' to clear up ' (of the weather) :
ma: r derwyb we.di klirjo. (2) 'to clear, clear away ' (of tables,
food, etc.) : klirjo r burb, klirjo r suppar.
klistjog, adj., klustioc, W.S. [Ered], pryf klustioc [An erwygge] —
Pty-° klistjog, ' earwig '.
kljaran; klaran (O.H.), s., term of reproach used of dull, slow,
stupid persons ; kljaran 2 ko:yd, a kind of bird (sp. ?).
klo:, s.m.j pi. kloia^ clo, D., * lock ' : rhoi klo: ar 3 dru:sy ' to lock
the door ' ; kadu dan glo:, ' to keep under lock and key ' ; tul 9 klo:,
' key-hole ' = tulgorjad; klo: klut, l padlock ' ; ma:yn klo: \ma:yn\ ;
— fig. klo: ovnaduy ?di eira, ' snow is a terrible impediment '.
khb, s.m., pi. klobjony cf. klobos, W.S. [Cloddes] ; Eng. (Dial.)
clob [A lump or clod of earth or clay], Devon, ' a hard clod of
earth ' : pren i gyro klobjon ar 3 ti:r (J.J. — not known to O.H.).
kloban, s.f., cloben, B.C. 33. i. (i) applied to something big:
kloban o fon. (2) ' a virago ' : kloban o dmas, kloban 8ru:g, — also
used in a much weaker sense : may hi n he:n globan Sru:g, ' she is
a naughty girl' (applied e.g. by a mother to her daughter); tyd
9mma r he:n globan ! (to a dog).
klobar, s., ' a wooden mallet formerly used for breaking clods '
(O.K.).
klobjo, v. (i) ' to break ' (clods) : muBul pren i globjo klai. (2) ' to
beat, knock ' : mi klobjob o ; klobjo nu 9n i gilib.
klobor, klobar, s., pi. klobors, klobars, cf. Eng. (Dial.) clobber
[mud, clay, dirt], Ayr, ' a hard clod of earth ' : gord bren i valy
klobors.
klobyn, s.m., pi. klobja, clobyn, S.E., ' a large lump ' : klobyn maur
o budin, o lo:t o eira, o glai ; — also applied to persons : klobyn o
8y:n, ' a fine strapping fellow ' ; — as term of reproach : taw r hem
globyn gwirjon.
klo:d, s.m. (?), clod, D., ' praise, fame '.
kloljo — klo:x 267
klotjo, v., cloddio, D. (i) * to dig a ditch' = torifo:s. (2) 'to
dig out', e.g. people from under fallen earth.
klotyur, s.m., cloddiwr, D., s.v. ' fossor ' ; ' one who digs ditches '.
klo:f, adj., cloff, D., ' lame '.
klofi, v., cloffi, D., ' to be lame, to limp '.
klofni, s., cloffni, D., s.v. ' claudicatio ' ; ' lameness '.
klo/rum, s., cloifrwym, D., s.v. ' pedica ' ; ' a rope for tying round
one of the fore-legs of a refractory cow at milking-time to prevent
it from kicking, and fastened with a piece of wood behind the
knee ' (O.H.). — fig. ' hindrance ' : mi vy:8 MJ glofrum garu 'arnoxi,
' it will be a great hindrance to you ' (I.W.).
klogi, kzvlogi, v., cyflogi, D., ' to hire ' ; ' to go into service '
(hevd) : fair gwlogi, ' hiring-fair '.
kloguyn, s.m., pi. kloguini, clogwyn, D., ' a steep piece of rock ' ; —
in slate quarries, ' the face of the rock ' ; kloguyn dru:g, * a piece of
rock which cannot be used for slates ' ; — fig. mynd m erbyn 9
kloguyn, ' to run one's head against a stone wall ' (O.H.).
klogarnab, adj., clogyrnaidd, S.E., * uncouth, rugged ' : hnrra:?'g
klogzrnati, ' clumsy, uncouth Welsh ' ; byux, kb'ydan, kraig glogzrnab.
kloi, v., cloi, D. Fut. S. 3. kloiB. Pret. S. i. klois, 3. kloiot.
PI. 3. kloison. Imperative klo: ; klo:u\. Pret. Pass. klo:ud, ' to lock ' :
daxi wedi kloi arno vo /, ' have you locked it up ? ' ; 'r oybanu wedi
xlot hi, ' they had locked her up '.
kloior, s.f., cloer, D., ' foruli ' ; 'a small receptacle in a chest '
(I.W.).
kick, s.m., pi. klokja, clocc, D. ; cf. D.G. ccxvi. 35, 'clock' : may
r klok m tipjan, m taro, ' the clock is ticking, is striking ' ; we'indjo
r klok, ' to wind the clock ' ; may r klok igjan mynyd m vy:an, m
slo:, ' the clock is twenty minutes fast, slow ' ; b9sa& 3 klok, ' hands
of the clock'; klok pen davad, 'an old-fashioned clock with
weights '.
klokjur, s.m., clocivvr, T.N. 17. 43, 'clock-maker'.
kloksan, s.f., pi. klokfa, cf. kloc, W.S. [A clogge]. (i) ^clog':
klokf'a a bakfa, 'clogs and footless stockings'. (2) ' shoe ' (to put
under the wheel of a cart).
klokf'ur, s.m., clocsiwr, T.N. 17. 31, 'clog-maker'.
klo:x, s.f., pi. kloxa. (i) ' bell ' : kanyrglo:x, ' to ring the bell ' ; —
applied to singing in the ear : may gin i glo:\ ba:\ m 9 glhy:st; —
may gini hi glo:x uQ bo:b daint, said of a loud-voiced talkative person
(cf. below) ; kloxa babis, ' hare-bells ' (Campanula rotundifolia), but
Mr. J. E. Griffith informs me that in Anglesey this name is applied to
the daffodil. (2) ' clock ', in speaking of the time of day : vaint (sd}i
o r glo:x ar *r amsar jaun ?, ' what is the correct time ? ' ; am vaint
o r glo:x ?, ' at what time ? ' ; Iri: o r glo:x, ' three o'clock '. (3)
268 kloxderan — kloykjog
used of the voice : kodi i glo:x, ' to speak in high tones ' ; a i glo:x
myux nane:b, said of a loud-talking, self-assertive person. (4) in
pi. ' bubbles ' : 9 du:r ay kodi y gloxa, e. g. on the surface of a lake
during heavy rain (JJ. ; O.H.). Cf. D., s.v. ' bulla '.
kloxderan; kloxgeran (O.H.), v., cf. clochdarddain, clochdran,
S.E., ' to talk loudly, shout '.
kloxjan, v., clochian. (i) 'to ring bells': 9 kloxyb ^n kloxjan
(more commonly kany r glo:x). (2) ' to talk, make a noise ' : paid
a xloxjan; kloxjan farad m le: mynd; be u:ti y kloxjan 3n le: mynd ?
kloxyb, s.m., pi. klox^jon, clochydd, D., ' sexton, parish clerk '.
klomman, s.f., pi. klomennod, colommen, D. ; clomen, M.LI. ii.
114, 12, 'pigeon': vel klomman an i 6y:, said of a woman who
dresses well but has a dirty house.
klompan, s.f., cf. clompan, M.F., ' anything big ' (I.W.) : — he:n
glompan, a term of reproach for a woman, whether big or small
(O.K.).
klompyn, s.m., term of reproach, the masc. equivalent of above
(O.K.).
klondid, s., calondid, D., ' magnanimitas ' ; ' anything tending to
raise the spirits, such as good news, etc ' ; esp. in the expression
gair o glondid, * a cheering word '.
klondro \_klandro\.
klonnog, adj., calonnog, D., s.v. ' animosus ' ; ' hearty, in good
spirits ' : xwerBin muya klonnog, f to laugh as heartily as can be ' ;
Kefyl klonnog, ' a spirited horse '.
kloyk, adj., cf. Eng. (Dial.) clunk [to emit a hollow, interrupted
sound as of a liquid issuing from a bottle or narrow opening], Sc.
' addled ' : may r u:y y gloyk.
kloyk, s., clone, S.E. [a hollow sound like that made by striking a
metal vessel], Eng. clank, ' the sound of the nave of a cart-wheel
working regularly on its axle '.
kloyk, s., pi. kloykja, ' a slant, inclination one way or another ',
m tavlyd alan ne i veun : may kloyk zno vo ; — in pi. ' bumps,
protuberances ' : ma na hem dolkja a kloykja ar hy:d ?ford.
kloykjan^ v., clonkan, clonco, S.E. [to make a hollow sound];
Eng. clank, and (Dial.) clonk, Cum. (i) said of the sound of
the nave of a cart-wheel working regularly on its axle. (2) 'to
talk noisily ' : be u:ti y kloykjan 9n wirjon ?
kloykjo, v., said of a cart swaying from side to side owing to un-
evenness in the road : 9 drol sy kadixloykjo ; — used also of persons
walking in a similar fashion.
kloykjog, kleykjog, adj., clonciog, S.E., 'full of protuberances ',
" bumpy " : le: kloykjog ; may rford ?n dolkjog ag sy gleykjog.
kloykuy — klu:ad 269
kloykuy, kbykuy, s.m., pi. kloykwy:a, cloncwy, S.E , ' an addled
egg ' ; also as adjective : ma: r wy:a y gloykuy i &i:d, ( the eggs
are all addled ' (O.H.).
kloran, s.f., cloren, D., ' tail of a horse ' : tori i gloran ; klu:y r
gloran.
Morjanny, v., clorianu, S.E., « to weigh in scales ' ; — fig. * to
weigh in the mind, to think out ' : erbyn i klorjanny nu.
klorjon, s.f., pi. klorjanna, clorian, D., 'scales'.
klos, adj., klos ne gayad, W.S., [Close]; cf. L.G.C. 306 [18];
clos, T.N. 238. 9. (i) 'close' (o? the weather) = mul, gwigil,
/nmmad. (2) 'friendly, unassuming* (opp. to "standoffish").
(3) 'close, miserly '.
klo:s, s.pl., c!6s, W.LI. (Voc) s.v. 'llawdr'; R. ; B.C. 75. 3;
117.19; Eng. (small) clothes ; 'knee-breeches': gwisgo r bats
a r klo:s, ' to wear the breeches ' (of a wife); troi klo:s, euph. for
' ventrem exonerare '.
klo/'o, v., closio, T.N. 106. 36 ; S.E., ' to close up to, to come
close ' ; ' to be friendly, unassuming ' : may o y klof>o 'atto\i.
klvudjo, v., 'to cloud, thicken ' : lay 6 wedi hel at i gilti, wedi
de\ra troi, de\ra syro, de\ra klgudjo.
kfous, s., Eng. (Dial.) clow [hurry, bustle, confusion], Yks., ' a
row, disturbance ' : kodi klents = kodi rew.
kteuf'o, klerunf'o, v., ' to keep harping petulantly ' (about the same
thing) ; klyuf'o am 3r y:n pe:6 o hy:d ; paid a \l0uffo, / adi o m gin t\
' don't keep on asking, I haven't got it '.
kltwt, s.f., in the phrase ar 3 gl0ut, • destitute ' (Bangor). Cf. klui.
klautan \kleutan\.
klovar, s.pl., ' clover '.
kloverog, adj., ' full of clover ' : gwair kloverog.
klu:ad, v., clywed, D. Fut. S. i. klu:a, 2. klu:i, 3. klu:id [klyu].
PI. i. klyun, 2. klyux, klu:x, 3« klu:an. Imperf. (frequently used
with pret. meaning), i. klyun, klu:n, 2. klu:at, 3. klu:a. PI. i.klu:ant
2. klu:a\, 3. klu:an. Pret. S. i. klu:is, 2. klu:isl, 3. klu:o&. PL i.
klu:son, 2. klu:sox, %.klu:son. Plup. S. i. klusun, 2. klu:sat, 3. klu:sa.
PL i. klu:sant 2. klu:sa\, 3. klu:san. Imperative klyu ; klyu\. Imperf.
Pass, with pret. meaning klu:id. (i) 'to hear ' : ma: nu y klu:ad
mor vain, ' their sense of hearing is so acute ' ; klu:ad vel ka:6, ' to
have sharp ears ' ; klu:ad po:b smik, ' to hear the slightest sound ' ;
may o y klu:ad m drum, ' he is hard of hearing ' ; -glu:so\i ru:in ?y
gwe't&it, ' did you hear any one shouting ? ' ; r qytiun i n sad pey
glu:n t lais o, ' the sound of his voice made me ill ' ; taro r po:st
ga:yl i r parad glu:adt * to strike the post so that the wall may hear ',
i.e. ' to give a hint to some one by speaking to some one else ' ;
klu:ad ar y galon, * to feel inclined ' : mi 8a:u o pey glu:i& o ar i
galon ; — x/«:*/Y dim gair am le: ibi hi, ' I heard nothing about a
270 klub — klut
situation for her ' ; 'glu:soxi so:n am dano vo ?, t have you heard of
him ? ' ; \lu:is i dim am i salux o, ' I did not hear a word of his
illness ' ; xlu:is i ri'oyd a m klistja m ono vo, ' I never heard of it ' ;
os klyuxi, neuxi anvon i mi V, ' if you hear, will you let me know ? ' ;
muya vy:b dy:n byu, muya wed a muya glyu (prov.), ' we live and
learn '. (2) ' to listen ', only in the imperative : klyux — gwrandu\.
(3) ' to taste ' : daxi y klu:ad 9 bu:yd 3n da: ?, ; does the food taste
nice ? ' ; 9 Ki:g gora glu:is i eri'o:yd, ' the best meat I ever tasted ' ;
klyu\ hun, 'taste this'. (4) 'to smell': daxi y klu:ad hogla
bakko ?, ' do you smell tobacco ? ' ; klyux 3 gvuahanjaQ hogla, ' smell
the difference '. (5) ' to feel ' : klu:ad if'o bu:yd, ' to feel hungry ' ;
daxi n i xlu:at i n o:yr ?, ' do you feel cold ? ' ; klyux * puysa sy no,
'feel how much it weighs' ; daxiy klu:adh ma: nu m pigo?, ' do
you feel where they prick ? ', e. g. nails in a boot ; may hun in vedal,
klyux, ' this is soft, feel '.
klub, s., ' club ' : klub 9 bar a sy:x, 'a destitute state ', used especially
with reference to marriage : aros di fanaB i nes ei di i glub 9 bara
sy:x*
klubjo, v. (i) ' to put into a club ' : klubjo arjan. (2) 'to put
away, save up ' : u:ti dim sy klubjo dim ? (3) ' to keep possession
of, " to stick to " : may o wedi klubjo nu i gi:d— (O.K.). Cf. T.N.
409. 5. Fe glybiodd y cwbwl yn fanwl i'vv fol.
kluf, s.m., pi. kbfja, ' a large piece, lump, chunk ' : klufo vrextan.
klujyn, s.m. (i) ' a large piece, lump' : klufyn o gaus, o vara.
(2) applied to a big boy or girl (JJ. ; O.H.) : may y glufyn o hogyn
gin ti (O.K.).
klukjan, v., clwccian, R. (i) 'to cluck' (of fowls). (2) 'to
complain of some bodily infirmity ' : syt may wil? klukjan dippin
may o 9 d&wyb o:yr ma (O.H.).
klu:st adj., comp. kbsax, pi. kbf'on, tlws, D., 'pretty': hogan
glu:s; — dyn ba:x klu:s 3di o, ' he is a nice little man '.
klustur, s.m., ' cluster ' ; also used of things in a mass together ;
tsvy y glustur, ' to grow close together ' ; 'vzbanu 'arnoxi n y:n
klustur, ' they are on you in swarms ' (of flying insects).
klut, s.m., pi. kbtja, klwt, W.S. [A clout]; clwtt, B.C. 24. 13;
Eng. (Dial.) clout, clute [rag, patch] ; O.E. clut ; cf. kleut, kleutan.
(i) crag, piece of linen ', etc. ; ' baby's napkin ' : klut ar ben gli:n,
' knee-rag used by workmen ' ; gorvad vel kluf, ' to lie like a log ' ;
S9r6jo vel klut, 'to fall like a log'. (2) in slate quarries, when a
block (ply:g) has been split with a chisel (ky:n brasolt) and the
pieces so obtained have been cut longitudinally and transversely,
and again split into the thickness of about sixteen slates, each
of these pieces is called a klut, ' a reduced block '. (3) ' patch ' : gosod
klut, ' to put on a patch ' ; -gammanuglut?, ' will they bear patching?' ;
klo: klut, ' padlock '. (4) ' patch of ground ' : klut o di:r ;— klut
kluttyn — kly:n 2 7 1
gla:s, ' a lawn, patch of grass ' ; klut krvri, in slate quarries, ' the
place where slates are counted ', ' stacking-ground' ; — bo:d ar 9 klut,
' to be left stranded, to be turned out of hearth and home ' ; dma
nhu: ar 9 klut, i. e. tub dim gwai'0, heb garlra% wedi ka:yl i tavlyd
afan (O.H.j.
kluttyn, s.m., clyttyn, C.L.C. ii. 20. 28, 'a small rag' : kluttyn ar
ben glim, ' knee- rag '.
klu:y, s.m., clwyf, D., ' disease ', but only used in specific cases
as 9 klu:y (of sheep), ' the rot ' ; klu-.y du:r (of sheep), ' red water ' ;
kluy penna, * mumps ' ; klu:y melyn, ' jaundice ' ; klu:y r brenin,
' scrofula '.
kluyd, s.f., clwyd, D., s.v. ' sedile '. (i) 'hen-roost '. (2) said of
things growing or clustering close together: ma: nu y glu:yd 9mma,
4 they grow close together here ' ; may amba^ym 9y glu:yd o lay.
kluy dan, s.f., chvyden, D., said of things growing so close together
as to form, as it were, a covering : may r ba:u (weeds) 9ny:n gluydan
dros 9 tattus i &i:d (O.H.).
kluydo, v., clwydo, S.E., ' to roost '.
kluybog, adj., celwyddog, D., ' lying, mendacious' : stry:on kluybog,
' lying tales ' ; — hBral kluybog !
kluybur, s., celwydd-wyr (pi.), i Tim. i. 10, ' liar*.
kluyvo, v., clwyfo, D., ' to become afflicted with disease ' : ma: r
devatd ivedi kluyvo (O.H.).
kluyvys, adj., clwyfus, D., s.v. ' morbosus ' ; 'diseased': may i
bgaid o y gluyvys, ' his eyes are heavy with sickness ' (I.W.).
kly:d, adj., sup. kletta, clyd, D., ' sheltered, cosy * : may n edrax
*V gfy-'d jaun, ' it looks very cosy ' ; 9 ly: kletta i r klaub, ' the
sheltered side of the wall '. .
klydo, v., cludo, D., ' to carry ' (occasionally heard, but karjo is
the usual word).
klyl, s.m., clul, D. (i) ' knell ' ; — in fig. sense : kany klyl ru:in,
' to give a very bad account of some one ' : may hun a hun yy kany
d9 glyl 3n aru, 9n deyd bo ti wedi mynd 9n o:l la:u, wzdi sw&jo i riu
drabini ; — ma na he:n glyl garu 'g9no\i, *you are always harping on
the same string '. (2) ' a lanky fellow ' : he:n glyl main (W.H. ; O.H.).
Cf. kyl
klylbo, s.m., ' a lanky fellow ' : riu hem glylbo (O.H.).
klymmax, s.m., climmach, D., s.v. 'longurio ' ; D.P.O. 249. 24,
* a tall ungainly fellow ' : hem glymmax da: i dim 9di o, — hogyn ne
fy:n heb i or/an.
klym, s.f., pi. klinja, clun, D., ' the leg from the knee upwards,
thigh ' ; pen 9 glym, * hip ' ; asgurn pen 9 glym, ' hip-bone ' ; o gly:n
i glym, ' from side to side ' ; brei'xja vel 9 glhinja, said of thick
arms.
272 klyro — kbmmy
klyro, s.m., term of reproach : ta:u r he:n glyro gwirjon ! (O.H.).
kly.st, s.f., pi. klistja, clust, D., ' ear ' : may dz gly:st 9n denajaun,
' you have sharp ears ' ; — opp. te:u ; — may gin tglo:x ba:x m 9vlhy:st,
1 1 have a singing in my ear ' ; may gin i bigin 9n 9 glhy:st i,
'I have earache'; may hi wedi xu6y n i xly:st, " she has got
round her " ; dma du:r m i glistja vo /, ( there's unpleasant
tidings for him ! ' ; r o:d 9 day m 9 gly.st, ' they were quarrelling ' ;
may o m 3 gly:st hevo vo, ' he is at him, tackling him ' ; wedi mynd
ogly:st i gly.st, ' to have become a matter of common talk ' = wedi
mynd an rhigum gin baub; — may o y gly:st i gi:d, ' he is all ears ' ;
4 he knows every bit of gossip ' ; farad ar draus pen a klistja, ' to
talk thirteen to the dozen ' ; gwasgy r gly.st, ' to keep one's counsel ;
not to say anything ' ; r o:d 9 day gly:st 9 ijlhy:st, ' they were
whispering together ' ; may £in vo:x ba:\ glistja (prov.), ' little
pitchers have long ears ' ; may klistja gin globja (prov.), ' walls
have ears '. Transferred uses : kly.st 9 dgug, 9 guppan, 9 Kibin, 9
radal, 9 teKal, ' handle ' ; kly:st pikttm, sheep's ear-mark so called
[no:d] ; klystgam (of a plough), ' ratchet ' ; klistja 9 dro:yl (?) ; kly.st 9
ga:d, any shell of the genus Pecten ; kly:st 'eltfant, name of a shell,
Mya truncata ; klyst hgodan, ' mouse-ear chickweed ' (Cerastium).
klystan, s.f., clusten, S.E. (i) *a box on the ear': mi rois i
glamp o glystan ido vo. (2) in slate quarries : when, in pillaring
(plery), the line, instead of continuing straight, turns off sharply to
the right or left either through a flaw in the slate or through clumsy
workmanship, the place where this occurs is called klystan.
klystog, s.f., pi. klystoga, clustog, D., ' cushion ' ; ' pillow ' (for the
latter O.H. has pilo only).
klystog, adj., ' obstinate, stubborn ' (J.J. ; O.H.). Also as sub-
stantive : r he:n glystog stiupid ! (O.H.).
klystogaft, adj., ' obstinate, stubborn ' (W.H. ; J.J. ; O.H.).
klyslogyn, s.m., ' an obstinate, stubborn fellow ' (J.J.).
klystoxi, v., { to become obstinate or stubborn ' (J.J.; O.H.).
klystveinjO) v., clustfeinio, S.E., ' to prick up one 's ears, to listen
attentively ' : 9-y klystveinjo am 9 mmvyd i klu:ad nu. — Frequently
used.
klyu, s.m., clyw, D., 'sense of hearing' : koli i glyu; — mimharob
9 vre:x go:x ar i \lyu hi, ' the measles injured her hearing ' ; mi eif
i lerpul hevo ylhyu, 1 1 went to Liverpool about my hearing ' ; 9y
glhyu plant, * in the hearing of children '.
kbmmog, adj., clymmog, D., s.v. ' nodosus ' ; ' knotty ' : kortyn
kbmmog.
khmmy, v., clymmu, D., s.v. ' ligo ', ' vincio ' ; 'to tie, bind ' :
kbmmy kulum, * to tie a knot '. Intr. kbmmy am rubaQ, ' to twist
round something ', e. g. of a creeper. Also klummo.
kbnrag — knavab 273
kbnrag, s.f., canlynwraig, ' mistress ' = hmanas.
kbtjo, v., clyttio, D., s.v. ' consarcino ', ' resarcio ' ; * to patch '.
kbtjog, adj., ' patchy ' : gwa:^ khijog, 'hair coming off in patches '.
kbt/ur, sgodyn kbtfur, s.m., (?) < lump-sucker ' (Cyclopterus
lumpus) = ja:r vo:r.
klwar, adj., clyfar, T.N. 98. 35. (i) 'clever'. (2) 'pood-
looking ; of good appearance ' : hogan glwar, favn o tym kbvar,
Kefyl ivayk klwar ; farm go gbvar. (3) ' pleasant, agreeable ' (of
persons) = klem ; (of things) may hi n mynd ar galap amma heno =
huiljog, gbvar (O.H.). (4) ' well off ' : pobol glruar.
kna:, s.m., knaf, W.S. [A knaue] ; end, B.C. 21. 7 ; cnaf, T.N.
I5- 35- (0 ' knave '. (2) ' a stingy, niggardly fellow ' : hem gna:
= hem gravur. In the following examples from O.H. the meaning
is not clear : may o vel kna:, 'vedru\i dim ka:l gwarad o hono vo ;—
may o vel kna: ar 9 ghevn o hy:d ; — may o amma vel kna: am arjan,
dim posib gneyd ifur a vo:.
knady, v. = hrnady (I.W.).
knap, s.m., pi. knapja, knap, W.S. [A knoppe] ; cnap, D. ; cf.Eng.
(Dial.) knap, ' a lump ' : knap o lo:, doys, bren, etc. ; also ' a small
loaf made from a piece of dough left over when baking ' : duy dorQ
a \nap (O.H.) — of persons * a stunted, dumpy individual as broad
as he is long' : r he:n gnap ; knapja mer\aid\ — in pi. ' sweets'.
knaf Jan, knapjo, v., cnapian, S.E. (i) 'to make into a lump, to
huddle up ' : paid a \napjo d? dra:yd, ' don't screw up your feet '
(said e. g. to a child who is trying to prevent a pair of boots being
put on); paid a xnapjo d3 goysa, e.g. in bed. (2) 'to become
lumpy ' (of the sea). (3) ' to set ' (of apples) : may r vala y knapjo,
1 the apples are setting ', i. e. becoming round (O.H.).
knapjog, adj., cnappog, R. ; cnapiog, S.E., ' lumpy ' : glo: knapfog.
knappan, s.f., cnapen, S.E., ' a small stunted person ' : hem
gnappan vexan.
knappyn, s.m., « a small stunted person '.
knarvon, Caernarfon, ' Carnarvon ' : yyynharvon, ' in Carnarvon '.
knaud, s.m., cnawd, D., ' flesh '.
knaur, s.m., cnowr, D.G. clxxxii, 37, ' chewer ' : knaur bakko
oybun i pryt fanny.
knava, v., cynhauafu, D. ; cynhauafa, S.E. (i) 'to dry', ex-
pressing the action of the sun and air on a standing crop : may r
gwynt a r hay I m i knava nu. (2) 'to expose a crop to the sun and
air for the purpose of drying it ', esp. hay. (3) Intr. ' to dry in the
sun and air ' (of a crop).
htavaS, adj., cnafaidd, S.E., ' knavish '.
143Z T
274 knawas — kn'eya
knawas (I.W.) ; knavas (O.H.), s.f., cenawes, G.O. ii. 70. 1 7 ;
T.N. 102. 38, 'vixen ' (said of a woman).
knay, s.pl., sing, kneyan, f. cnau, D. (i) ' nuts ; hazel-nuts ' =
(for sake of distinction) knqy kyl; knay freim'g, cnau ffrengig, and
cneuen ffrangeg, s.v. ' nauci ', D., * walnuts ' ; knay bi:tf, ' beech-
nuts ' ; knqy 9 fteyar, ' earth-nuts ' (Conopodium denudatum) ; eval
gnay, ' nut crackers ' ; y:n go:yg o:d 9 gn'eyan, ' I was clean sold in
the business ' (I.W.) ; ' she turned out an empty nut ' (of a rejected
girl), J.J. ; tori knay gweigjon, ' to be on a useless quest '.
knebrun, s.m., pi. knebrwa, cynhebrwng, D., s.v. 'exequige';
' funeral ' : knebrun maur, ' a public funeral ' ; knebrun ba:\, ' a
private funeral '.
knegwaQ, s.f., ceinhiagwerth, I.G. 610 [38]; ceiniogwerth, M.LI,
i. 138. 18; ceinhiogwerth, B.C. 140. 2, 'pennyworth'.
kne'itjo, v., ? yskipio ( = ) krychneitio [Skyppe], W.S. ; crychneitio,
D., s.v. 'persulto'; cf. cneitio, M.F., *(?)to twinkle' (of stars) : be
da\i n veSul rie'iQ i vary ? may tu:y§ gwy-'lt m ammyl, ma: r se:r 3-y
krieitjo (O.H.), ' what kind of weather do you think we shall have
to-morrow ? There is stormy weather coming, the stars are
twinkling (?) '.
krieivjo, v., cneifio, D., ' to shear ' : kne'ivjo devaid.
krieivjur, s.m., cneifiwr, D., 'shearer'.
kneks, s.pl., cnecs, T.N. 308. 27, 'quarrel, strife'; kodi kneks, 'to
rake up old scores, to stir up strife ' ; — rubaB i nejyd kneks.
kneppyn, s.m., cnepyn, S.E., dim. of knap, (i) ' a small lump '.
(2) 'anything small and round': kneppyn 9 dru:s, 'handle of the
door ' = durn ; kneppyn 3 tebot, ' the knob on the lid of a tea-pot '
= knottyn ; kneppyn o dor 6, ' a small round loaf '. Cf. also knappyn.
knesol, adj., cynhesol, S.E. (i) 'acceptable, to one's liking;
taking '. (2) ' warm-hearted, amiable '.
Anesruyd, s.m., cynnhesrwydd, D., ' warmth '.
knesy, v., cynnhesu, D. ; cynnessu, s.v. ' calefacio ' ; 'to become
warm ' : ma: y knesy, ' it is getting warmer ' (of the weather) ; rieif
1 gnesy ar o:l tdi vuru, ' it will get warmer after the snow ' ; vedra
2 dim knesy heity'u, 'I can't get warm to-day ' ; ar o:l i mi gnesy m
9 gwely, ' when I am warm in bed '. Cf. tummo.
kneujan [karneujan].
knevin, kmevin, adj., cynnefin, D., 'accustomed'.
knevtn, kmevin, s.m., cynnefin, Ezek. xxi. 30, ' sheep-run, a tract
of land where there are rights of sheep pasture ' ; — also of persons :
may o wedi du:ad 9n o:l i u he:n gmevin.
kneya, s.m., cynhanaf, D., ' harvest' : kneya gwat'r, ' hay-harvest ';
amsar kneya, m 9 kneya, ' at harvest time ' ; rhuy 3 day gn'e'ya,
' between hay and corn harvest J.
knidu — knova 275
knidu (I.W.); knidju (O.H.), s.m., 'an insignificant person'
(I.W.) ; £• hem gnidju b)\an (O.H.).
knigjad, s.m., cynnygiad, S.E., ' offer '.
km'.'Xt s., cnuch, D., ' carnal desire '.
knt'/o, v., cynnilo, D., ' to economize ' : *y yena r sa:x may km'lo
(prov.), ' one should economize from the beginning and not only
when the article is nearly finished '.
km'Qar, s.f., pi. kniBerod, cyfnither, D., ' first cousin ' : may hi y
gniBar a mi.
kniu, s.m., pi. kntuja, cniw, S.E., 'knee', i.e. 'a stanchion on the
gunwale of a boat to hold fast the seat' (Bangor); — in a more
extended sense : rhummo joy rti rhoi 9 kniuja (O.H.).
knjalun (I.W.) ; hrjalun, hrnjalun, krmjalun (O.H.), s.,
carnialwn, cerniahvn, criahvn, S.E., ' a restless person '.
knot, v., cnoi, D. Fut. S. i. kno:a, 3. knot'6. PI. 3. kno:n. Pret.
S. i. knot's ', 2. kno:8. Imperative kno: ; knerux. (i) 'to chew, gnaw ' :
ma: r he:n a:st wedi gnoi o, ' the old bitch has gnawed it ' ; knot
lakko, ' to chew tobacco ' ; knot Kid, ' to chew the cud ' ; brif'a
vytta, mi &ei gnoi etto, ' make haste and eat : you can digest after-
wards '. (2) ' to ache ' ; — substantively : may knot arna i, ' I have
a stomach-ache '.
knok, s.f., pi. knokja, cnocc, D. ; M.LI. i. 222. 10, 'knock, slap,
stroke ' : animal i gnok dyr garag (prov.), ' dropping water wears
away the stone ' ; heb wetBjo knok, ' without working a stroke ' ;
b) 8a gnok, ' plunging churn '.
knokfo, v., knockio, W.S. ; cnoccio, D. ; cf. D.G. cxxxv. 33, ' to
knock, beat, strike ' : knokjo u6 9 dru:s, ' to knock at the door ' ; mi
knokja i di nes fodi di n 8al (bosi), ' I'll strike you blind ' ; knokjo ru:in
ar i gevn, ' to clap some one on the back ' ; knokjo Karpedi, ' to beat
carpets ' ; ma: r derwyb wedi knokjo nu, ' the weather has caught
them ' (e. g. blackberries).
knokka, v., keiniocka, W.S. [no meaning]; ceiniocca, D.P.O.
26. 19 ; T.N. 228. 38, ' to collect ' (in a place of worship).
knokkur, s.m., keiniockwr, W.S. [no meaning], * one who collects
in a place of worship '.
knornyn, knonyn \kmron\.
knottyn, s.m., cnotyn, T.N. 280. 35. (i) ' the small knob on the
top of the lid of a tea-pot, kettle, cap, etc. ' : knottyn tebot (O.H.) =
knepfyn. (2) of persons, an epithet implying diminutiveness :
knottvn o hogyn\ — 3 vnhottyn ba:\!, endearing term to a baby
(O.K.).
knova, s., pi. kno'veyb, cnofa, D., ' an aching ' — especially used of
the stomach : may knova m vs moli.
T 2
276 knu:d — kobljo
knu:d, s.m., pi. knsda, cnwd, D. (i) 'crop': ail gnu: d, 'second
crop'. (2) 'mass' in such expressions as may o n y:n knu:d o lay
(xwain), O.H. (3) knu:d o eira, ' fall of snow '. Cf. F.N. 34 (18).
knulbran, s.m., pi. knulbrenni, canhwyllbren, D., 'candlestick'.
knujyn, knuyfyn ; knunfyn (J.J.; O.H.), kuninlin (O.H.), s.m., pi.
knunlma (J.J.), cnewyll and cnywyll, sing, cnewyllyn, D., cyn-
hwyllin, M.LI. i. 247. 23, ' the kernel of stone-fruit ' ; 'the seed itself
as opposed to the husk ' ; ' the core of an apple ' (O.H.) ; ' the
pith of elder ' (O.H.) ; ' the centre of a tree which has been cut
down ' (O.H).
knuyad, knoyad, s., cf. canwyr, D., 'a sheep's ear-mark so
called : a V-shaped slit at the tip of the ear, the tip being thus
removed' [«0:<?].
kny:, s.m., pi. knmja, cnu, D., ' fleece '.
knzsvuyd, s., cynhesfwyd, ' a meal taken formerly during harvest-
time at about four o'clock in the afternoon, consisting of bread and
butter and buttermilk '.
knmjo, v., ( to wrap up wool after shearing '.
ko:, s.m., cof, D. (i) pi. kqya, cf. couau, T.N. 85. 24, ' memory':
may gsno vo go: arSerxog, ' he has a splendid memory ' ; may o n
wel i go: na vo:, ' he has a better memory than he ' ; ko: da: gin i !
(ironically), ' what a memory I have ! ' ; pe:B garu zdi ko: plenty n, prov.
implying that the events of one's childhood are vividly remembered.
(2) ' remembrance, recollection ' : ma: gin i go: da: am y\ to'd> 1 1
remember your father very well ' ; may y go: gin i i mi vynd, ' 1 re-
member going ' ; s gin i 8i?n ma:6 o go:, s gin i va:6 o go:, ' I have
not the slightest recollection ' ; golun pe:6 dros go:, ' to forget a
thing '. (3) ' mind ' in phrase : mynd o i go:, ' to go mad ' ; mynd
o i go: la:s, * to go raving mad ' ; dy:n o i go:, ' a madman ' ; daxi o
X ko: /, ' have you lost your senses ? ' (4) in pi. kovjon, ' remem-
brances ' : kovjon gora at . . ., ' my kind remembrances to . . . '.
kob, s.m., pi. kobja, Eng. cob, ' embankment ', e. g. with flood-
gates where a river enters the sea : may r avon wedi livo dros
d kobja, ' the river has overflowed the embankments '.
kob, s., ' cob ' (horse).
koban, s.f., pi. kobana> coban, S.E., ' night-gown '.
kobjo, v,, ' to make an embankment ' (O.H.).
koblar, s.m., cobler, D,G. ccxvi. 34, 'cobbler*.
kobljo, v. (i) ' to cobble ' : ma na i if'o kobljo ar 9 sgidja. (2) ' to
do a thing clumsily, anyhow ' = gneyd 9m 'bum'batf ('butfi'bat/},
-strim* straw strelax. (3) ' to play " conquers " or " cobblers " with
chestnuts ' ; — hazel-nuts were also employed, a hole being drilled at
koblyn — kodi • 277
each end and the interior filled with cobbler's wax; knay kobljo,
1 nuts used in the above game '.
koblyn, s.m., koblyn, W.S. [A goblyn]; coblyn, W.LL (Voc.),
s.v. ' llewyrn ', ' tremyniad ' ; cf. coblynnod, D., s.v. ' lemures '.
(i) in such phrases as the following: mynd ml y koblyn, 'to go
like mad ' ; ar gevn i goblyn, ( in a rage ' ; mi a:B hi y goblyn ylu
arm hi, ' she flew into a temper with her ' ; m?y koblyn ylu /,
asseveration; bf: goblyn u:ti n neyd ?, 'what on earth are you
doing? ' (2) ' rogue ' : 9 koblyn ba:xt, used esp. of children.
koblyn, s.m., Eng. (Dial.) cobbler [the fruit of the horse-chestnut
tree ; the nuts used in the game of cobbler], Stf., War., n.e.Wor.,
* the conquering nut in the game of " conquers " or " cobbler " ' :
^ rjhoblyn i valiB 9x knay \i i &i:d.
kod, s.pl., sing, kodyn, ' cod ' : kodyn kreigja, l cod, rock-cod '
(Gadus morrhua) ; kodyn lu:yd, ' bib, pout ' (Gadus luscus) accord-
ing to Forrest, but this species is certainly called here bodyn i
mlinyb, and my informants distinguish between the two ; kodyn
leyog, * cod after spawning '.
ko:d, s.f., pi. koda, cod, D. (i) ' bag for keeping money ' : o:ys
na arjan 9n 9 go:d ? formerly said when the cuckoo was heard for
the first time (J.J.). (2) ' stomach ' (of a cow, etc.) : 3 go:d vaur,
* rumen ' ; 9 go:d ba:\, ' omasum ' ; plisgan 9 go:d, ' the membrane
of a cow's stomach ' ; ko:d moxyn, ' stomach of a pig ' ; go:d wen, ' a
kind of cake made of oatmeal (rfonjori), suet, and currants, baked
like a loaf, and eaten formerly at Christmas time ' (J. J.). Cf. D. s.v.
' faliscus venter '.
kodan, s.f., \>\.kodat coden, D., ' pod, shell ' (of beans and peas) :
tmny py:s o r koda = dy:o py:s ; — kodan eyra\, kodan eira, i puff-
ball ' (Lycaperdon). D. has cod eurych and cod euraid without
meaning ; O.P. has coden hyred. Also called snifin bugan.
kodi, v., codi, D. Fut. S. 3. kodiQ, ku:yd, kwyd. Pret. PI. 3. kodson.
Imperative ko:d ; kodux. Pret. Pass, koduyd, ' to raise, rise '. I. Tran-
sitive : (i) ' to raise, lift up ' : kodt i ben, ' to raise his head ' ; ko:d d>
hy:n, ' get up ' ; kodt{u:x, * to raise dust ' ; may hty kodi lu:x, ' dust is
flying ' ; kodi (sc./r/:8) at 9 tattus, l to earth up potatoes ' ; may hi y
kodi n wynt, ' the wind is rising ' ; kodi sa\ad ar ben kiauti, ' to lift a
sack on to a wall ' ; — esp. of bread : may byrym 9y kodi bara, ' barm
makes bread rise ' ; — kodi kerf, ' the initial ceremony at a funeral :
a service held at the home of the deceased before carrying the
body to the grave ' ; — fig. kodi 9 £ais, * to raise the voice ' ; neiO
h9nny godi x kalon, l that will cheer you up ' ; kodi r by:d 9 mhtn
i giltf, 'to set the world at loggerheads'. (2) 'to pick up';
may r adar wedi kodi r hada, * the birds have picked up the
seeds ' ; kodi bawad o hono vot ' to pick up a handful of it ' ;
278 kodi — kodjad
gwelux be n'e'ifi godi ar 9 lo:n neiBjur, 'look what I picked up on
the road last night '. (3) ' to dig up, pull up ' (of plants) : kodi
tattus, ' to dig potatoes ' ; may hi y kodi rhei o 'honynu ag m i
hay nu alan, ' she is taking up some of them and planting them
out '. (4) ' to dig up ' (earth, etc.) : ti:r gla:s 'ddaxi y kodi i vmy>
' land covered with grass which you dig up ' ; may r gla:u wedi kodi
r lo:n nes may hi n reyan, ' the rain has churned up the road into
gravel '. (5) ' to get out, obtain from out of ' : le ma: nu y kodi 3
Kerig, ' where they get the stone ' (from out of the quarry) ; similarly,
kodi tikkad, ' to buy a ticket ' ; kodi pappyr newyd, ' to take
in a newspaper regularly '. (6) ' to tear out ', kodi dolan, ' to
tear a page out of a book '. (7) ' to pull out ' : kodi hb'iljon, ' to
pull out nails '. (8) < to copy ' : kodi pe:B o lyvr, ( to copy some-
thing out of a book '. (9) ' to remove ' : kodi r dru:g ifur, ' to
remove the matter '. (10) ' to grow ' : kodiy:d. (i i) 'to build ' :
kodud 9 velin. (12) 'to charge ' : be da\i y godi am 9 rhei n?, ' how
much do you charge for those ? ' ; ma: nu y kodi r y: vainl n in/on,
1 they charge exactly the same '. (13) ' to impose ' (of taxes) : kodi
treBi, ' to tax '. ( 14) ' to set going ' : kodi diwigjad, * to set going
a revival ' ; kodi kany, ' to lead the singing '. (15) ' to cause, bring
on ' : kodi hvih'8 "arnynu, ' to make them ashamed of themselves ' ;
kodi bly:s, ( to excite a desire ' ; hmny kodob o, ' that brought it on ',
i.e. the headache; kodi ovn ar, 'to frighten'; kodi zsva, 'to
tickle ' ; fosgy meun ty: sy y kodi r dre:&, ' sleeping in a house is
what makes it subject to rates' (cf. 13). (16) 'to hunt up, rake
up, trump up ' : kodikneks, ' to rake up old scores ' ; peidjux kodi he:n
beBa, ' let bygones be bygones '. (17) ' to cause to get up ' : kodi
merxaid 9 no:s. (18) in knitting stockings, ' to increase the stitches '.
II. Intransitive: (i) 'to get up': kodi ar i dra:yd, 'to
stand up ' ; kodi ar i ista, ' to sit up ' ; ko:d i vmy> ' get up ' : —
esp. ' to get up out of bed ' ; kodi o dani hi, ' to agitate (against
something)'. (2) 'to rise': r hay I, 9 ley ad ay kodi; — 9 mmzftob
sy y kodi o gonuy, 'the mountains which rise from Con way';
may rhiu dru:g ivedi kodi 'rtonBynu, ' there is bad blood
between them ' ; — kodi n vaur, ' to swell up ' : 9 boxa y kodi
n vaur, i.e. when puffing out the cheeks. (3) 'to come up'
(of plants) : we/is i rei wedi kodi n i dail, ' I saw some which
had come up into leaf. (4) 'to come out' (of a stain): idi
o y kodi ru:an />, ' is it coming out now ? ' (e. g. ink out of a coat).
(5) ' to clear up ' (of the weather) : may hi y kodi m bra:v etto, ' it
is clearing up again ' ; may hi y kodi n hayl, ' the sun is coming
out ' ; hurax mi 3a:u i godi at 9 pnaun, ' perhaps it will clear up by
the afternoon '. (6) kodi n la:n, ' to come to nothing, to break
down ' : mi godob m lam mynd 9 mla:yn hevo farad seysnag, ' I
didn't keep up speaking English ' ; mi godoS 9n la:n arno vo ar
ganol i bregaO, ' he broke down in the middle of his sermon '.
kodjad, s.m., codiad, D., s.v. 'ortus'; 'rising': bara heb dim
kodl — hog jo 279
kodjad mo vo, ' bread which has not risen ' ; kodjad 9r hayl, ' sun-
rise ' ; ar godjad ir hayl, ' at sunrise ' ; ar t godjad, ' just after
getting up ' ; ' the first thing in the morning ' ; paid a mynd ar d)
godjad vd hyn; mi a: i mo vory ar 9 yhodjad', — also 'a rise' in
wages, etc. ; — kodjad ti:r, ' rising ground '.
kodl, s.f., * nonsense ' : he:n godl wirjon idi o t &i:d, ' it is a pack
of nonsense from beginning to end '.
kodlan, s.f., ' a woman who talks in a nonsensical manner'.
kodlas, kodljas, s.f. = kodlan : r he:n godlas bjaul !
kodljan, kodljo, kodlo, v., codlo, T.N. 16. 1 7. (i) ' to mess about
with ' : paid a kodljo r du:r na, va\gan. (2) 'to talk nonsense ' :
ta:u a \odlo ; — trans. { to talk in a nonsensical manner about ' :
kodljo peB. (3) * to trump up ' : kodljo riu he:n str'fyon dru:g.
kodljur, kodlur, s.m., ' a nonsensical talker ' = dy:n ty kodljo
peB, — dim pen na 6i:n ar i sgurs.
kodlyn, s.m. = kodljur.
kodog, adj., codawg, M.A. in. 160 a, 39, ' having bags ' : gumman
kodog [gumman] ; — fig., implying wealth : edra\ *y godog, ' to look
well-fed and well-clothed ' (I.W.).
kodum, s.f., pi. kodamma, codwm, D., ' fall ' : kaylkodum, " to come
a cropper " ; ma na bam&ag la:B o godum i r du:r, ' the water has
a fall of fifteen yards ' ; hyn a hyn o godum, * so much fall ' (speaking
of hanging a criminal) ; melyd, gaval kodum, ' to wrestle ' ; kodum
Kevn, * wrestling by placing the arms round the waist ' : \wara kodum
Kevn; — kodum klo:st ' wrestling by placing the arms round the waist
and catching hold of the band of the breeches ' ; kodum breixja,
1 wrestling by catching hold of the collar of one's adversary's coat
with each hand '.
kodur, s.m., codwr, D.G. cviii. 10, ' the man who puts the hay
into a cart ' ; — also kodur kany, ( the leader of the singing ' ; kodur
bora, ' an early riser '.
kod^mmur, s.m., codymwr, S.E., ' wrestler ' (O.H.).
kodimmy, v., codymu, *S.E., ' to give some one a fall ' (O.H.).
kq/at s.m., coffa, D., ' remembrance ', only in the phrase kofa da:
am dano, ' blessed be his memory '.
kofi, s.m., coffi, C.C.M. 210. 10, 'coffee': kofi kristin, 'toasted
barley-bread ground with a rolling-pin, on which boiling water is
poured and a little brown sugar added ' (O.H.).
koftjo, v., Eng. quaff, ' to gulp down, drink greedily ' : 'may o n
i goftjo vo !
kogal, s.m., cogail, D., ' distaff' ; — as term of reproach, he:ngogal
gwirjon /
kogjo; kokjo (O.K.), v., coggio, R. [to cheat] ; cogio, C.L.C. ii.
24. 26 ; Eng. cog [to cheat, deceive], (i) ' to pretend ' : may hi
:>o
y kegfo boi i n mtdry gar$ot ond tvdar Ai&im, ' she pretends she can
garden, but she can't ' ; dim m > gn*ylod—9y kogjo bud or 9 yuynab,
• not really, but looking as if 1 was '. (2) • to cheat ' = ttyfp (O. H.).
kogj*r; kokjmr (O.H.), s.m., cogiwr, B.C. 21. 28, 'swindle
kogor, v., cogor, D, • to cackle ' (I.W.).
kogvrn, s,, cogwrn, DM s.v. ' trochus ', ' articulus ', ' cochlea ',
' gradus ' ; * a winder for winding wool '. It consisted of an upright
piece placed in a stand (s/o:f) with a hole in the middle ; attached
to the upright were two cross-pieces which met at right angles in
the middle (sbbnod dirwin, cf. D., s.v. * girgillus * ; — ' winding-
blades ', O.P., s.v. 'estyll ' ; ysiyUod dirwyn, W.S , • blades '). Round
the ends of these and attached to them were &yla, and upon them
the wool was wound (O.H.) ; trvi 9m f gogurn, ' to try and tone
down, get out of what one has said '.
koidjo, v., coedio, SX. (i) ' to timber, floor, etc. ' : koidjo fy:.
(2) ' to thrash ' : mi koidja i di (O.H.).
kindjog, adj., coedog, D., ' woody, well-wooded ' : fe: koidjogjattn
koifr v., coegi, G.O. ii. 50. 27, « to speak sarcastically ' (I.W.).
coegni, D., ' fatuitas, vilitas '; 'sarcasm '.
, v., coethi, T.N. 305. 36 ; cydgoethi, G.O. il 251. 29, ' to
bark ' = k^car€. Sometimes used transitively instead of annos, —
r d ft aid i T9ty.
kokjan, v., kokian val iar, W.S. [Cacle], • to cackle ' (of hens) :
si lilt dfxra dodty ag *y kokjan wedyn.
kokjo, v., ' to cock ' : kokjo gwair.
kokkos, s.pl, sing, kobsan, f. • O.E. coccas, ' cockles ' (Cardium
edule) ; kokkos gwlamod (Scrobicularia piperata) ; kokkos 9
(TelKna solidula); kngi* kokkos, 'cockle-shells'; ohxyn gokkos,
* cog-wheel ', cf. T.N. 1 6. 10 ; kokkos biumaras, epithet applied to the
inhabitants of Beaumaris.
kokky*, s.m., pi. kokja, £ng. cock, ' heap ' : kokfyn o gerig wtdi
hd o r kay;—po& pt£ m ym kokfyn ar 9 %tur ; — kokfyn gwair,
:ock'(cfcj*
4 small haycock ' (cf. ntuduf) ; kokfyn guynt, a number of sheaves
of corn placed standing against one another in such a manner that
the rain will run off them; they are only so placed when bad
weather is expected. — Peat is first piled in threes, then made into
kokja, and finally into tiisi : gnfyd nu y gokja ar i fxnna i gi:d; —
kokfyn XeJjog [&iljog] ; — kokfyn rkustyr, ' obstacle ' ; ' contentious
person ' = dy.-n 9m crbym pKo fx£ — m erbyn paub — may gmo vo bin
i roid 9n nki.-n paub—tn ttnxy pobol cri^ i botfo (O.H.);— kokfyn
ttitjo, ' a mark set up for throwing at '.
ia.X ad>, pL koyont c6ch, D., 'red ' : Ky go\ad a gwa.yd, ' as
red as Mood'; Eygo&d* &*•*; 'asredasa fax '(said e.
parched ground); Vx* i*p», 'red cheeks'; fe»* J*p«, 'fox-
gloves'; JMMV Jqpw, 'laspbemes'; gwadf It*** *red har; —
go.-* mat grtraJ, pror. referring to posons with red kor;
'; afeo ' bd j-bird ' ; J^/ Ar% « nod fane ' ;
. ';
r, adj, cochddo, SJL, 'brown' :
to*', *-, codri, D. (i) 'to tan red, to
1J^^, 'lobfcBhtothenwtsofthchak'. (2) 'to be smoked '(of
herrings, etc.) : vdpemmtg tote* *9 *n?- (3) 'to be
land): JUT? r a^utr Jj k*jp (}.].). (4) 'to plough' = tn* ti.-r :—
ma? k*m a k*M vx& k*v baoar (\.\.-, OH.). (5) 'to tarn sofl':
«. y _> «»«1S _ixji_nU J < j y? _«_ «_
' •'.--,'•- - -. ;— ~~ -'- -'. - 1
Aoxw, s-m^ cxchni, D., S.T. ' rabedo ' ; *
W, s^ sing. A*^ cbl, D, 'awns' (of badey): ,
OJ-; O^L),' bearded wheat'.
Idbr, sX, pL tty^ coler, D.; DX^ xfa. ««, 'collar'.
Arf^Rp T, c£. coftio, MJ. (i)'toi
^^^.^^^ _^_ ^^^^^ /• i \ •
mib&jai*! (OJL>8
^WJ/itr, sm, c one who
(OJL).
Pcwlbren, OP. [bmdgeonl; D.G. cxcvL 49,
I-J-
sJL, pL IvflkTWy codcerth, IX; colcerth, LD. xm. 19;
lOJL);i
^. 184. n ;
(O-tas =
i^V-, *&, e£ ooUd, D, ••MotiKs- (OH.).
l«t SJDBL, cofl, DL (i) 'loos', m the phase mjudmrgtL e,g. j
r^^«rf«F^^^*ihe book is lost'. (2) -defect': mm
TtB&t****** *•* *** * screw loose somewhere'. GL D^ SOL
282 kolan — kono
akku 9m maygor, ' great losses have been suffered over in Bangor ' ;
i kolad nhu: sdi o, ' it is their loss ' ; v»ba i dim blewyn ar 3 gholad,
' I s°half not lose anything by it ' ; 6y:d kolad aru ar d o:l di, * we
shall miss you very much '.
kolan [kyl].
koledur, s.m., colledwr, D., s.v. 'perditor'; 'loser': mynd zy
goledur hevo r ty:.
koli, v., colli, D. Fut. koliQ (fyl). Pret. PI. 3. kolson. Imperative kol,
kola. I. Transitive : (i) ' to lose ' : r 0:8 o wedi koli po:b pe:B ar o:l
koli i wraig a i blant, ' he had lost everything after losing (by death)
his wife and children ' ; du i wedi koli bottum, ' I have lost a button ' ;
' a button of mine has come off' ; koli amsar, ' to lose time ' ; koli
r aval, ' to let go one's hold ' ; koli rforb, ' to lose the way ' ; koli
i olug, 'to lose one's sight'; koli i gwra.'ig, 'to lose, forget his
Welsh ' ; koli ti:r, ' to lose ground '. (2) ' to miss by being too late
or through some other cause ' : may o wedi koli r tre:n, ' he has
missed the train '; mi golifi r ysgol do.y, ' I was too late for school
yesterday '; mi golis Surnod i neyd o, ' I had a day off (from work)
to do it ' ; ga: i goli dy fy:n ?, ' may I have Monday off ? ' (3) ' to
lose ' as opposed to ' to win ' : koli r ra:s, ' to lose the race '.
(4) ' to shed ' : may r ga:B yy koli °i ble:u, ' the cat's fur is coming
oft ' ; — used also of corn which has become over-ripe and is
shedding its grain = buru, droni. (5) ' to spill, to drop ; to be
spilt ' : koli du:r, levriQ, etc. ; — may r pri:b wedi koli, ' the earth is
spilt ' (e.g. out of a flower-pot). (6) ' to let in ' (of liquids) : ma: r
sgidja ma n koli du:r, ' these boots let in water ' (opp. dal).
II. Intransitive : (i) ' to fall back, fall away, decline, go out of
use ', etc. : du i y koli o hy:d, ' my health is steadily growing worse ' ;
(3) ' to fail ' : os kyl 9 gla:u \ o r duyran 9 da:u, \ os kyl 3r himba \ o r
duyran da:u hi'Ba, ' if the rain fails it comes from the east, if the
fine weather fails it comes from the east too '. (4) ' to run ' (of
colours). (5) in phrase koli arno i hy:n, ' to go crazy ' : dexra koli
tippin arna i: V9 hy:n b'ybun i, ' I was wool-gathering a bit '.
ko:m, adj.. Eng. calm, 'calm, unruffled ' : du:ad MJ go:m; may o
ny:n ko:m (I.W.).
kommis, s., komins, komyns, W.S. [Comones], ' common ', i. e.
' common land '.
kono, s.m., cono, C.C.M. 83. 32 ; 94. 6 ; 98. 25 ; 101. 6 ; T.N.
456. 22. (i) according to J.J. l a small dog ', but I am unable to
obtain confirmation. (2) of persons — as applied to a child, kono
bax = ' a plucky little fellow ' (J. J.), but he:n gone — ' a little old
man with a sharp temper' (fornig), J.J. — O.K., however, gives
komtant — koppa 283
he:n gono — he:n voi r'eit ga^ — may o n or mod o hen gono i //', n'c'i
di torn by:d hevo hunna;—dy:n kalad m i vargan a fo:b pe:0t i.e.
* a knowing old fellow '.
konstant, adj., Eng. constant ; ' permanent ' : da\i wedi ka:l je: go
gonstant ru:an, * you have a fairly permanent position now ' (O.H.).
konstro, v., konstrio, W.S. [Constrewe] ; constro, T.N. 179. 39 ;
Eng. (Dial.) conster [to understand, fathom, put a construction upon
a person's behaviour], Yks., Dev., I. of W., ' to fuss ' ; 4 to pry into ' ;
' to puzzle oneself over ' = m troi ag m Irosi ; xwMj° * meun po:b
pe:6, etc.
konstrur, s.m., ' one who pries into others' affairs and knows all
the gossip about them ' = \wiljur da: jaun i ubod am beOa (O.H.) : —
Kerux atto vo: os ta\i if'o gubod, may o n hem gonstrur garu (O.H.).
konuy, Conwy, ' Conway ' : avon gonuy, ' the River Conway '.
konyn, s.m., pi. konjon, properly speaking the sing, of cawn. Cf.
conin, B.B.C. 89. 2 ; konyn, W.B., col. 462. 30 ; conyn, R. (i)
' a stalk which a cow has left in grazing/ ; cf. kmman. (2) 'stump ' :
konjon eiBin, gry:g. (3) ' stump of a thing nearly worn away, and
only fit for burning ' : n'u he:n gonyn o vrus ; may o wedi mynd m
he:n gonyn.
koygran, s., pi. hygrod, ' conger-eel ' (Conger vulgaris).
koykro, v., kwnkwerio, W.S. [Conquere], concwero, C.C. 95. 20,
' to conquer' : may i nuyda wedi goykro vo, ' his passions have got
the better of him '.
koykwerur, s.m., cwncwerwr, Sion Tudur in G.R. [369]. 21;
(pi.) cwncwer-wyr, Rom. viii. 37, 'conqueror': may o n bigon o
goykwerur arno vo.
koylog, adj., conglog, cf. B.C. 66. 23, * full of corners or angles ',
said e. g. of a house or field of irregular shape.
koyol, s.f., pi. koyla, congl, D., ' corner ' : konol 9 ty:, 3 barklod,
etc. ; — ma: r van ma y goyol gmnas jaun, ' this is a very warm
corner ' ; rh0u\ o ar y goyol, ' hang it on the corner (i. e. top angle)
of the door '.
hop, koppyn, s., coppyn and pryf coppyn, D., only in pry: kop, pry:
koppyn, — pi. pgyuaid koppi^ ' spider ' ; gwe: pry: kop% ' spider's web '.
kopt a call to a horse to make it come to the speaker.
kopjo, v., copio, D.P.O. 179. 26, ' to copy '.
koppa, s.f., coppa, D. (i) 'crown of the head', only in koppa
waltog as gtry po:b koppa waljog o 'honynu ifurd, ' to drive away
every man-jack of them ' — used of animals as well as persons, and
sometimes corrupted into koppa zvatgo. (Perhaps scriptural: cf.
Psalm Ixviii. 21.) (2) 'tuft of feathers on the heads of certain
fowls : koppa o bly: ar ifen (O.K.).
284 koppar — - korkyn
koppar, s., kopyr, W.S. ; coppr, D., s.v. ' serarius ', etc. ; copper,
W.LI. (Voc.), s.v.' « alcan '; copr, B.C. 67. 5, ' copper '.
koppt, s.m., pi. ko'pt:a, copi, Josh. viii. 32 ; coppi, i Mace. xi. 37,
'copy'.
koppts, s.pl., c coping-stones ' (O.H.).
koppog, adj., coppog, D., s.v. ' cristatus ' ; ' crested ', * having a
tuft of hair on the head ' : ja:r goppog (O.H.).
koppyn \_kop~].
ko:r, s.m., pi. kora, cor, D., ' choir '.
korax, s.m., pi. koraxod, corrach, D. [Cymmwythach corrach a
simmach, Prov.], ' dwarf ; also as term of reproach : he:n gorax !
Applied also to trees, etc. : / 9di hi dim gwerd i ti gadu r he:n gorax
na (O.K.). Cf. kurax.
kortii, v., corddi, D. (i) ' to churn '. (2) ' to work up and down
as in churning ', e. g. with a jumper in a hole which has been bored
in slate. Cf. also may r djaul m i gor&i o, ' the devil is in him '.
Cf. C.C. 12. 15.
korty'ad, s.m., corddiad, S.E., ' the amount of butter made at one
churning '.
korSur, s.m., corddwr, S.E. [one who churns], ' churn ' : asgal *
korbur, ' the beater of a churn '. Cf. byba.
korf, s.m., pi. tyrf, corph, D. (i) ' body ' : uBt nerB enai
1 at it like niggers ' ; r he:n gorf, term applied to the Calvinistic
Methodists. (2) 'dead body': kodikorf \kodi\\ kannuyl korf \kan-
nuyl\ ; deryn korf, 'owl'= d9Jy:an. (3) applied to the main part of
things : korf pren, ' stem of a tree ' ; korf 9 drol, ' body of the cart ' ;
— similarly 9y ghorf 3 durnod, 9 no:s, 'during the day, the night*.
korfolaB, s.m., corpholaeth, D., s.v. 'corporatio' ; 'whole, entirety':
£ ho:l wla:d an i x°rfola6t
korforol^ adj., corphorawl, D., s.v. ' corporalis '. (i) 'bodily'.
(2) 'large-bodied'.
korfyn, s.m., corfyn, L.G.C. 80. 7, dim. of korf, 'body, dead
body ' : mu:y na fanny Seil ar he:n gorfyn^ ' more than the body
can endure '.
korgt, s.m., pi. korguns, corgi, W.S. [A curre dogge], ' a kind of
sheep-dog in use sixty or seventy years ago, rather long in body,
black in colour, and of little use ' (O.H.) ; — also as term of reproach :
he:n gorgi ba:x /
korkas, s.f., ' a piece of cork about eight inches square, to indicate
the position of a net in the sea ' (O.K.).
korkyn, s.m., pi. kyrks, kork, W.S. [Corke] ; core, D., s.v. ' suber '.
(i) ' cork ' (in general) : ko.ys gorkyn, ' a cork leg '. (2) ' a cork ',
e. g. for a bottle or for floating a net.
korxwiglan — kornjur 285
korxwiglan, kornxwiglan, s.f., pi. korxwiglodt kornxwiglod, corn-
chwigl, D., ' peewit ' (Vanellus vulgaris).
korlan, s.f., pi. korlanna, corlan, D., ' sheep-fold '.
korn, s.m., pi. fyrn, kornja, corn, D. (i) 'horn': korn 6yu\,
ma/wan, etc., ' the horn of a cow, a snail, etc.' ; may o a i gorn
dano, ' he has his knife in him ' ; i x<*-'t hi ar i gorn, ' to get a
stunning blow ' = ka:l fond i vol, tegan jaun, slap jaun (O.H.) ;
mi gei/ i laf'ad ar i gorn o, ' I got a glass on account of him '
or 'because of the occasion'; mm 3 korn dy: /, asseveration.
(2) in various transferred senses : (a) kyrn *r arad^ ' handles of the
plough* (O.H., but not J.J., who had d^rna r arad); (b) korn
9 vyux, any shell of the genus Dentalium ; (c) korn 9 gudu, * throat,
neck ' : tori korn i ubu, ' to break one's neck ' ; — also korn : rhoi
tro: n i gorn o, ' to wring its neck ; (d) korn gwynt, ' wind-pipe ' ;
(e) * chimney (outer) ', ' chimney-pot ' : may r gwynt wedi xufy
r korn i laur ; — ty: ba:x y:n korn, mu:g main, ' a cottage with one
chimney and small smoke ' ; — 3 mu:g in du:ad o r korn ; (f) ' horn,
hooter' : may r korn m mynd] (g) korn bu:yd, ' horn used at farms
for calling the hands to meals, etc.', — sometimes formed of a shell
[krogan] ; (h) ' an instrument for administering medicine to animals,
a drenching horn ' ; (i) from Eng. corn (?), * a corn on the foot
or hand ' ; cf. D., s.v. * callus ', ' morticini '. (3) adjectively of things
made of horn: bottum korn, 'a horn button' : roisun i dim bottum
korn am dano vo, ' I wouldn't give a button for it '.
kornal, s.f., pi. kornela, cornel, D., 'corner', — more commonly
koyol.
kornas, s.f., epithet applied to a strong woman (O.H.) : rhiu he:n
gornas o fonas.
•korn-brfto, v., cf. corn briddo, C.F. 1890, p. 314, 'to turn up the
ground with the horns' (of cattle), O.H. ; — also of persons, im-
plying violent temper: be u:ti y -korn'brtio ? (O.H.).
kornelog, forne!og,adj., cornelog, C.C.M. 140. 27, ' full of corners
or angles '. Cf. koylog.
•korn-gmnati, v., cf. corn gynnal, C.F. 1890, p. 314, 'to talk
loudly ' (O.K.).
kornjo, v., cornio, D., s.v. 'arieto', 'petulcus'. (i) 'to horn'
(of cattle). (2) ' to speak evil of : kornjo dyn m i gevn. (3) 'to
wrangle, brawl ' : day dy:n ?y gornjo i giliS. (4) ' to grumble ' =
grugnax w erbyn pe:6.
kornjog, adj., corniog, D., s.v. ' cornutus ' ; ' horned ' : da: kornjog
is sometimes used to express c cattle ' in contradistinction to da:
Ply:o§, ' poultry '.
kornjur, s.m. (i) 'one who has faults to find in every one ' (i
gyrn o dan baub). (2) ' grumbler ' — (O.H.).
286 kornxwiglan — kostog
kornxwiglan [korxwtglan].
kornuyd, s., pi. kornuydyft, cornwyd, D., ' boil ' = navad.
koron, s.f., pi. krana, coron, D. (i) ' crown '. (2) ' crown-piece,
five shillings': du:y bynt a xoron, 'two pounds five'; hannar
koron, ' half-crown ', pi. hannar krana.
korpus, s.m., corpws, D.G. cvi. 43 ; B.C. 6. 9, ' body ', generally
'dead body': bary mi olxi i he:n gorpus tlaud ; — r hem gorpus
llaud! = also ' poor old fellow ! '
kors, s.f., pi. korsyS, cors, D., ' bog ' = weyn.
korsan, s.f., pi. korsenna, corsen, D., ' reed ' ; also ' the stalk of
growing corn '.
korf'og, adj., corsog, D., ' marshy '.
korlyn, s.m., pi. kortma, cordyn, cort, D.; cortyn, B.C. 68. 5,
' cord ', applied e. g. to the rope of the gallows ; also to the rope
foundation underneath the mattress of an old-fashioned bed : rhoi
matja niuburx ar 9 korlyn (O.H.) ; — rhoid 3 kortyn am i udu i hy:n,
1 to cut one's own throat ' (metaphorically) ; rieidjo tru:y r kortyn,
' to skip with a skipping-rope '.
korwynt, s.m., corwynt, D., * whirlwind '.
koryn, s.m., coryn, D., ' crown of the head ' : ma na \wilan
an i xotyn ht, ' she has a bee in her bonnet ' ; r 0:8 rubad in
i goryn, ' he had something in his head ', i. e. ' he had brains ' ; may
0 wedi mynd ay goryn mo:yl, ' he has become bald on his crown ' ;
hi:r i goryn, ' long-headed* ; koryn het, ( crown of a hat'.
ko:sb, s.f., cosp, D., ' punishment ' : rhoi ko:sb ar, ' to punish '.
kosbi, v., cospi, D., ' to punish ' : kosbi a dgeljo, 'to punish and
imprison '.
kosi, v., cosi, D. (i) ' to itch, tickle ' : kosi bgad de:, lawenyb o
bo:b le:, kosi bgad xwi:B, dagra vel 3 gwli;B. (2) ' to thrash ' : mi
kosa i di os na Oewi di.
koslyd, adj., 'itching; itch-producing'.
ko:st, s.f., pi. kostja, cost, D. ; cf. also W.B., col. 428. 15;
D.G. iii. 31, ' cost, expense ' : may o n vu:y o go:st na niliQ o by6,
'he will never pay for his keep'; ar i go:st o, 'at his expense ';
gwe'iQjo ar i go:st o, * to work in his pay ' ; du i y gweiOjo ar v)
gho:st V9 hy:n, ' I work on my own account ' ; rhoid arjan ar go:st
1 ru:in, ' to put some one into court for debt '.
kostjo, v., costio, D. ; M.LI. ii. 61. 25 ; B.C. 93. 21, 'to cost'.
kostog, s.m., costog, D., 'molossus'; cf. B.C. 38^. 18; 136.5;
P.G.G. 249. 2 ; G.O. i. 229. 4. (i) ' a burly man ' : dy:n trum a
laun bol i gi:d (O.H.). (2) 'auick of tongue' = pert, parod i air
(JJ-)- (3) 'a conceited, self-satisfied fellow' (O.H.). Cf. also
sl0uKi.
kos tys — kffulad 287
koslys, adj., kostus, W.S. [Costyouse] ; costus, D., ' expensive ' :
mi e'i6 yy gostys jaun arna i, ' it will be very expensive for me '.
kosva, s.f., cosfa, S.E. (i) ' an itch '. (2) ' a thrashing '.
kosyn, s.m., cosyn, D., ' a cheese ' : kosyn o gaus.
ko:t, s.f., pi. kolja, ' coat ' : ko:t wey, ' jersey '.
kotjo, v., Eng. cut, ' to spay '.
kotral, s.f., pi. kclrela, Eng. (Dial.) cotterel [a pin, screw, wedge,
or bolt which fastens something in its place], ' an iron pin, the upper
part of which is divided into two parts, which is placed through a
hole in the kleivis to fasten a truck to a rope ' (J J.)-
ko:tf, s.f., pi. kot/yst coits, C.C. 120. 23, 'coach': pobol 9 go:lf
vaur, ' mail-coach passengers ' (the chief purveyors of news in the
old days), hence : pu:y sy n deyd? pobol 9 go:// vaur, * Who says
so ? ' ' Some one I can't name ' (I. W.) ;— ko:tfba:\, ' perambulator '.
kottas, s.f., pi. kotesod, cotes, S.E., ' a spayed cow '.
koiton, s., ' cotton ' : eda gotten.
koilum, s.m., cottwm, D., * cotton ' ; only in the phrase wedi
gicisgo at y kottum, ' threadbare ' (Bangor).
kvudal, s., Eng. (Dial.) caudle [a mess, muddle, entanglement :
also a miner's term for a thick and muddy fluid], Cornwall, ' any-
thing of the consistency of porridge' (I.W.); pe:6 sy wedi k>mzsgy
hevo du:r ne rubaB (JJ.) ; — fhiu gjffudal = hmitgva (J.J.). Cf.
krtfudal.
hvudgan, s.f., Eng. gouge (in slate quarries), ' an iron chisel with
a concave blade for cutting grooves across blocks of slate with a
view to dividing them ' ; (in making clogs) a similar instrument for
hollowing out the wooden sole.
tougan; kaukan (JJ.), s.f., cf. cawg, D., 'a small vessel formerly
used for milk — in shape either tapering upwards or bulging out in
the middle ' : kerugan bri&, k0ugan bren.
k0ugjad, s., kawgeit, W.B., col. 230. 20 ; cawgaid, S.E., ' as much
as a kgugan will hold ' .
k0uk. s.pl., k0ukja, cf. cowciau, Medd. An. 176. 36; Eng. (Dial.)
cogs, Shr., ' one of the turned down ends of a horse-shoe '.
kvulad, s.f., pi. hyuleidja, coflaid, D. ; cowlaid, C.C.M. 140. 28 ;
cywled, P.G.G. 19. 14; 39. 10. (i) 'an armful': kffulad gwair,
kgulad o re<yn ; — may o wedi garjo vo n i g&ulad, 'he carried it as
a bundle in his arms ' ; kffulad ba:x a i gwasgy n dyn (= eferi), ' a
sm ill armful tightly pressed together ', a proverbial expression
corresponding to ' grasp all, lose all', Fr. " qui trop embrasse mal
e*treint " ; so also may o wedi hmmyd gormod o gerulad ; basa n wel
t'8o vo lai o gerulad. (2) used ot persons of great size : kffulad
o §mas, ' a very big woman '. (3) ' unborn child ' : may nu y
hnwiyd riu (rue) i la:d 3 g0ulad.
288 kauleidjo — kovjo
foule'idjo, kloidjo, v., cofleidio, D.; cywleidio, P.G.G. 287. n ;
cowleidio, P.G.G. 300. 6 ; 324. 6, ' to embrace'.
foubty'o, klutijo, v., cywilyddio, D., ' to shame ' ; ' be ashamed '.
fouhbys, kluafys, adj., cywilyddus, D., ' shameful ' : he:n dro:
fouh&ys.
founslar, s., Eng. counsellor, " a woman who always insists on
having her rights and uses language to that effect ", T.G.G.
1902, 30. 32: — he:n gounslar ovnaduy ^'^'(O.H.).
founfo, founfur [keruntjo, k0untjur\.
kemnt, s., ' count ' : kadu g0unt vaint vy:8 o bo:by:n, 'keep count
how many there are of each '.
fount, s., cownt, C.C. 13. n ; 173. 19 ; 435. 9, Eng. account.
(i) ' account ' : lyvr fount, ' account book '. (2) ar gaunt, ' on
account of, with regard to ' : ar i g0unt o, ' with regard to him ' ;
po:yn ar i g0unt o, ' sorry on his account ' ; — pe'idjux a mynd i dim
trafarQ ar ^ gh0unt i. (3) ' reckoning ' : ar bo:b fount sy gin i, ' as
far as I can reckon '. (4) ' esteem ' : may g?no vo g0unt an 3
gamra.'ig, ' he has esteem for, makes account of Welsh '.
fountjo,v. (i) 'to account, consider'. (2) 'to reckon, add
figures up '.
fountjur ; also foun/'ur (I.W.), s.m., ' reckoner ' : may o y
g0untjur reit 8a:, ' he is very good at reckoning '.
foupar, s.m., cowper, C.L.C. ii. 22. 17, 'cooper'.
foupog, s.f., Eng. cow-pox, * vaccination '.
fouran, adj., cywraint, D., ' skilful ' ; " 'cute " : dy:n fouran,
gwaid fouran.
fouras, s.f., cowres, D., s.v. ' gigas ' ; t giantess '. (Cf. the place-
name fedogad 3 g0uras in Bwlch y Ddeufaen) ; — used of an im-
perious woman : may hi -y g0uras ar baub.
fourt, s.m., pi. fourtja, kwrt, B.H. 143. i ; W.S. [A courte];
cowrt, C.L.C. iv. 40. i. (i) 'yard '. (2) 'court of law ' (W.H.).
Cf. tout.
fourtjo, v., ' to put into court, to summons '.
fouf'o, v., cawsio, S.E., ' to curdle ', said of milk when the butter
is beginning to show in it ; may o n dexra fouf'o (= tort). This is
the next stage to briBo.
tout, s.m., pi. toutja, l yard ' (E.J.; W.H.). Cf. tourt.
kovjo, v., cofio, D. Fut. S. i. kovja, 2. kovi, 3. koviB. PI. i.
kovjun, etc. Pret. S. 3. kovjoft. No plural. Imperative kovja ;
kovjux. (i) 'to remember ' : du i n meQy kovjo i enu vo, 'I don't
remember his name ' ; mi govja i am dano vo, ( I will remember
about him ' ; kovja am dj verwyd!, ' mind you remember I ' (2) ' to
mind in phrases like kovja deyd 9 gwi:r !tj ' mind you speak the
kovjur — koyl 289-
truth ! ' (3) in the imperative, a kind of expletive ' mind ! ', 'my
word ! ' : may hi n oyr, kuvju\ /, ' my word ! it is cold ! ' (4) in
complimentary messages, ' remember ' : kovjux vi at i\ mam,
1 remember me to your mother '. (5) ' to remind ' : kovjux i mi
yynd vory, ' remind me to go to-morrow '.
kovjur, s., ' one who has a good memory ' : may o y govjur jaun.
kovys, adj., cofus, D., s.v. 'memor ' ; ' having a good memory '.
herwan, s.f., cywen, D., * pullet ' ;— also ' child ' ; cf. Eng. ' chick '.
kffwar, ku:ar, s.m., cywair, D. ; cywer, P.G.G. 16. 10 ; 83. 19,
etc., ' state ' : 9m mha gu:ar daxi he&ju ?, ' how are you to-day ? ' ;
meun kerwar priodol, ' in a proper state ' ; — in music ku:ar £?&v, ku:ar
Ion, ' minor, major key ' ; also used figuratively.
kenvarx, ku:arx, s.m., cywarch, D., s.v. 'cannabis'; 'hemp':
pu^ ku:arx, ' pool where hemp was watered or rated ' ; ku:arx du:r
(O.H. and Bangor), probably 'hemp agrimony* (Eupatorium
cannabinum).
kerwir, adj., cywir, D. (i) ' correct'. (2) ' true, faithful' : may
o y g9vail keruuir i x/, * he is a true friend of yours '.
koyd, coed, D. (i) s.pl., 'wood, timber': wedi rieyd o go:yd
kledjon, krwjon, ' made of hard, strong wood ' (JJ.) ; maly koyd,
' to chop wood ' ; tori koyd, * to cut wood ' ; pah's ko:yd (o go:yd).
' a wooden partition ' ; nid po:b koyd nei6 drol, ( not every kind of
wood will make a cart ' ; du:ad at i go:yd, ' to come to oneself, said
e.g. of one who has gone beyond his powers and come to under-
stand his position, his proper level. (2) s.m., pi. koydyS, ' a wood ' :
meBy gweld 9 koyd gin brenja, ' not to see the wood for the trees '.
(3) s.pl., sing, kb'ydan, f., ' trees ' : kb'ydan vedwan, ' a birch ' ; kqydan
vala, ' an apple-tree ' ; koydan elig, ' a pear-tree ' ; koydan drops,
' fuchsia ' ; tori koyd ar 9 geltyb, 'to cut down trees on the slopes '
(cf. also under i) ; dan 9 goydan i moxal 9 gla:u, ' under the tree to
shelter from the rain ' ; — also frequently ' plant', e.g. growing in a
pot : koy.d mevys, ' strawberry plants ' ; ko:yd]y:s, ' bilberry plants '.
koyb, s., cyhoedd, D. ; c'oedd, D.G. App. xiv. 38, 53, in the
phrases ar go.yd, ar goyft gwla:d, ar go:y$ by:d, ' in public '.
&°yg> ac^J-> coeg> ^'> ' empty ' : kneyan go:yg, ' an empty nut ', —
only used in the phrase^.vi go.yg o:y& 9 gneyan [kna:y\.
koyglyd, adj., coeglyd, T.N. 152. 34, 'sarcastic*.
ko:yl, s.m., pi. koiljon, coel, D. (i) 'omen, inference': gneyd
koiljon, ' to draw inferences ' ; asgurn koyl \asgurn\ ; 9 dndyb waiB
fy:d koyl, ' the third time is lucky ' ; / oys na dim koyl 'arnynu n
9 gfya, ' you cannot draw inferences from them in the winter '
(referring to cows which, by feeding on the top of a hill, are sup-
posed to indicate fine weather) ; koyl gwra:x ar o:l bytta yud, ' an
290 koys — krai
old wives' fable '. (2) ' credibility, reliability' : / o:ys na dim ko:yl
ar 9 pe:6 r u:ti n i beyd; — / oys dim ko:yl arno vot * he is not reliable '.
(3) ' credit ' : ar goyl, ' on credit ' = ar lab.
koys, s.f., pi. koysa, coes, D., * leg' : ko:ys bren, ko:ys gorkyn, ' a
wooden leg ' : ko:ys la:s, ' shin bone of beef ; koysa n tavlyd alan,
1 bandy legs ' ; tommy d 3 goys, ' to run away '. In various trans-
ferred senses : (a) ' leg ', e. g. of a table : ko:ys bur ; (b) ' leg ' of a
pair of tongs ; (c) ' handle ' : koy:s brus, sospan ; (d) ' stalk ' (of
a plant or flower) ; (e) ' stem ' (of a pipe). — Masc. in these senses
(I.W. ; but not at Bangor).
koysgox, kosgox, 'ko:ys'go:x, s.f., pi. koysgoxjad, coesgoch, D.
(i) ' redshank ' (Totanus calidris). (2) ' red-leg robin, herb Robert '
(Geranium Robertianum).
koysnb'yQ, koysnoB, kosnoB, adj., coesnoeth, O.P., 'bare-legged':
mynd yy goysnoB droydnoB, ' to walk with one's shoes and stockings
off'.
ko:yO, adj., coeth, D., ' polished, skilled in utterance ' : gneyd x*
n vu:y ko:yd m 9r jaiQ ; jaiQ go:yQ. (Seldom used.)
kra:, s.pl., era, craf, D., ' ramsons ' (Allium ursinum).
krab, s.m., ' a kind of receptacle in a cart, beneath the seat of the
driver, for putting any small article, e. g. when going a distance '.
krab, s., 'the smallest pig of a litter'; hence riu he:n grab o
hogyn, applied to a small boy (O.H.).
krabjo, v., ' to shrink, waste away ' (J.J.; O.H.).
krablyd, adj., ' shrunk, wasted ' : dylo krablyd.
kra:f, s., craff, R., 'a grasping, laying hold of : ma: nu n rhoid
9 drain a i bl'eyna i vwy a i bona i laur, am vod 9 gwynt ay tommy d
lat o gra:fm 9 bona (O.H.) ; — / oys na dim kra:f ar i stori = / oys
na dim pen na Bi:n ami hi (O.H.).
kra:f, adj., craff, D., ' keen ' (of sight) : golug kra:/', — edrax ty
gra:ft ' to look intently ' ; — also, in general ' quick, intelligent,
observant '.
krafy> v., craffu, D., 'fixis oculisintueri'; *to look intently' : krafy
hmny 'vedruxi, e. g. in semi-darkness.
krafys, adj., craffus, D.P.O. n. 9, 'quick, intelligent, observant '.
krai, s.m., crau, D. ; crai, W.LI. (Voc.) s.v. ' mwn ' ; ' eye ' of a
needle : krai nzdub by:r ; also of axes and hammers krai wy:alt,
murBul, gord : may r troyd (handle) m du:ad o r krai.
krai, s., in the phrase kany n zgrai(cf. M.F. canu ei grai, p. 8): 'to
spread unfavourable reports as to the misfortunes or delinquencies
of some one ' (the opp. of ' to sing the praises of some one '):'dy:n
wedi pexy, dy:n m mynd 9n o:l la:u, a pobol eril 9y kany n i grai
(O.K.).
krai — Kgapjo 291
kgai, crai, D., in the phrase newyb sbon danji grai, ' bran-new '.
Cf. ' bran-span-new '.
*£<"& s.f., pi. kr'e'igja, craig, D., ' rock '.
kgai'6, s.f., pi. kreieja, craith, D., ' scar ' : dan i gr'Mja (O.H.),
' scarred '.
krak, s.m., pi. kgakja, ' crack ' : may krak mo vo, ' he is nearly a
bankrupt '.
krakjo, v., craccio, C.C. 357. 14, 'to crack*.
kra:x, s.pl., sing. kra\an (kra\od is also used for the plural),
crach, D., ' scabs, sores ' : kra\an ar 9 wymmad, * a scab on the
face ' ; myndzy gra:x ikruyn nu, ' to become covered with scabs ' ; —
riu he:n gra:x wedi kodi truybo vo i gi:d\ — ma: Kega devoid ?y gra:x
i &t:d ar o:l bytta e'iQin ; — also of excrescences on trees ; — krefein
kraxod, ' barnacles ' ; — dail kra:\, ' fox-glove plant ' (Digitalis pur-
purea) ; — as depreciatory epithet : he:n graxan sa:l o d?dyn, * a
wretched tenement ' ; — used adjectively : kra:x vontbtg, ' snob ' ;
cf. T.N. 4. 8 ; kra:x boiri, * to spit after clearing the throat ' ; cf.
G.O. ii. 113. 10.
kraxgoyd, kraxgod, s.pl., crachgoed, ' the shoots which grow out
of the stump °of a tree which has been sawn off ' (O.H.) : briga
kraxgoyd, ko.yd kraxgoyd.
Aramman, s., crammen, Lev. xiii. 2, ' a scab such as forms over
a wound } (O.K.).
krand, adj., sup. krandja, Eng. grand (T.N. 4. 12), 'smart,
stylishly dressed ' : ru:m grand, ' a fine room ' ; po:b pe:6 wediwisgo
y grand, * everything draped magnificently ' ; daxinedrax ay grand >
' you look smart '.
krandruyb, krantruyb, s.m., grandrwydd, T.N. 9. 24, ' smartness,
showiness in dress, etc/
krayk, s.m., pi. kraykod, crangc, D., 'crab'. Fishermen dis-
tinguish between kraykod koxjon, which are edible, and kraykod
gleif'on, which are not : bodja kraykod, ' crabs' claws ' ; krayk wisgjur,
" peeler", i. e. a crab which has cast its shell.
kgayKi, s.m., cf. Eng. cranky ; term of reproach : r he:n granKi
gwirjon.
krap, s., crap, D., ' raptio, praehensio' ; crab, B.C. 30. 26 ; crap,
148. 22, ' smattering, inkling, idea ' : krap o seysnag, ' a smattering
of English ' ; may gmo vo grap ar gwira:igy ' he has a smattering
of Welsh ' ; riu grap ar 9 forb ; — riu grap am waiQ ; — r o:d gin
laud riu grap i neyd klokf'a r amsar honno, ' every one had some
idea how to make clogs at that time '. — Cf. T.N. 209. 24.
krapjo, v., crapio, S.E. (i) ' to pick up ' : krapjo geirja, ' to pick
up words '. (2) used of an action done in an imperfect way : riu
grapjo darlan, gwetd, dy:al.
u 2
292 kra:s — kravy
kra:s, adj., eras, D. (i) < dry, parched ' : dr hayldy gmydzr haft
dy gra:s. (2) ' rough, acrid, saucy ' : kzmma bu:yl a mmaH ; paid a
farad mor gra:s. (3) ' harsh, discordant ' : lais kra:s ; he:n duru
kra:s ; — often used of thunder when heard directly overhead : may
n trany y gra:s jaun. (4) ' rough to the touch '.
krasog, adj., ' rough, acrid, saucy in speech ' : dy:n krasog = dy:n
9n farad m egar.
krasy, v., crasu, D., ' to bake ' (as distinguished from pobi, it im-
plies the act of baking the dough in the oven, whereas pobi means
the whole process) : 9n 9 ty: daw y krasy ? na:K i, mynd alan a vo:
(sc. 9 toys] ; — avol wedi grasy, ' baked apple ' ; krasy bara = also
' to toast bread '.
tyai/(l.'W.) ; Mat/(E.].)t s., Eng. (Dial.) cratch [stomach], Yks.,
' stomach ' : be sy n d3 glatf di ? Cf. katf.
kratf, s., Eng. crash (?), in the phrase tori n gratf, ' to break clean
in two '. Cf. also tori y glatf, tori y glatfan.
kraujo, v., ' to place pieces of slate (krauja) round the sides of a
waggon when carrying away rubble ' (J.J.) \krawan\.
kravaglax (O.H.) ; kravagljax (JJ-)> sv cf. cryfaglach, cyfraglach,
Rhys, Celtic Folklore, p. 450. (i) ' a tree whose leader has been
cut and which throws out small branches in all directions ' (J.J.).
(2) dy:n 'dirnerQ, ble:r, dim szmmyd, dim mynd mo vo (J.J.).
kravayk, s.m., pi. kravaya, crafangc, D., ' claw ' : myndo i gravaya
vo, l to get out Of his clutches ' ; kravayk 9 vra:n, ' crow's foot '
(Ranunculus bulbosus) ; bloda kravayk d vra:n^ l buttercups '.
kravayy, v., crafangu, S.E. (i) 'to grasp, clutch': kravayy 9
kubul ido vo i hy:n. (2) 'to climb by catching hold of small
protuberances ' : kravayy i vmy r graig.
kravat, s.m., pi. kravatja, 'scarf.
kravjad, s.m., crafiad, D., s.v. 'scalptura'. (t) 'a scraping'.
(2) ' a slight grasp, a touching ' : rot's i gravjad ami hi (= gaval,
tutfad mi hi), O.H.
kravur, s.m., crafwr, S.E. (i) ' one who scrapes together ' — of
a niggardly man : he:ngravur am arjan, — in good sense, he:ngravur
go s0und am i dammad ydi o. (2) ' a sarcastic man'.
kravy, v., crafu, D. (i) ' to scratch (where one itches), to scrape,
to chafe ' : kravy r kro:yn, ' to scrape the skin ' ; kravy asgurn,
' to pick a bone ' ; kravy gubu, ' to clear the throat ' ; kravy fur, ' to
scrape away ' (e. g. a piece of paper stuck on to something) ; kadu
9 %*Wa &ag kravy oxor 9 Kefyl, * to keep the traces from chafing the
sides of the horse ' ; may hunna y kravy i linja n aru u& ger&ad,
'that man is knock-kneed'. — Substantively, 9 kravy, "the itch".
(2) ' to scrape together ' : kravy r rhent a r treBi, ^to scrape together
krawan — krei/'on 2 93
the rent and taxes'. (3) 'to paw the ground' (of bulls, etc.).
(4) fi&- ' to annoy, be sarcastic to ' : kraiy ru:in ; also abs. : r o:& o
y kravy n ovnaduy, ' he was terribly sarcastic '.
krawan, krawon, krewyn, s., pi. krawenna and krauja, crawen,
D., 'crusta'. (i) 'a covering': mi drviB ?y grewyn dros 3 [yn i
gi:d, ' it grows till it forms a coating over the whole lake ' (O.H.) ;
briu a krawan ar i o:l o (O.H.), alluding to the hard flesh which
appears after a scar has healed (cf. krammari) ; 9 kroyn wedi kodi y
grawan (J.J.) ; — also the 'crackling' of pork: krawan Ki:g mo:\
(J.J.) ; mi £e:s i riu grawan dena ba:\ o &i:g moxyn (O.H.). (2) in
slate quarries, ' a piece of slate which has been rejected, no matter
what the size may be '. They are often used to place round the
sides of a waggon when carrying rubble. — In former times it was
the custom to start a strike by sending a krewyn round, passed from
hand to hand, with instructions written on it, so as to bring about
concerted action.
kre:d, s.f., cred, D., ' belief, faith» trust ' : r o:d faf'un gre:d gmo
vo m i da:dy ' he had such trust in his father '.
kredo, s., kredo, W.S., ' creed' : da\i wedi newid 9\ kredo, 'you
have changed your creed ', i. e. ' you are going to be married '.
kredy, v., credu, D. (i) ' to believe ' : d zdu i dim zy kredy i vod
o wedi bo:d rusyt, ' I don't believe he ever existed, somehow ' ; dim
93 kredy bod dyu meun bo:d, dim yy kredy m i vftbil, l not believing in
the existence of God, not believing In his Bible ' ; r zdu i y kredy
meun lawar o be6a ovargoylys vel na, ' I believe in a number of
superstitions like that ' ; -\redanu -m onaxi, ' they would not believe
you '. (2) ' to think ' : ty: a for na du in kredy may hi, ' I think it
is somewhere near there '.
kreft, s.f., pi. kreftja, crefft, D.; cf. W.B., col. 65. 25; D.G.
xliii. 5 ; cv. 65 ; B.C. 75. 14; M.E. creft (nth-i4th cent.), 'craft,
trade, calling '.
kreftur, s.m., krefftwr, W.S. [A craftesman], ' craftsman': may o
y greftur da:.
kregleifo, v., crugleisio, B.C. 1 14. 1 1 ; cregleisio, T.N. 330. i, ' to
shout ', especially in connexion with singing : kregleif'o kany ; kana
afaid a xregl'^if'o.
kregog, adj., carregog, D., s.v. ' saxeus ', ' saxosus ' ; * stony '.
kregyr, s., crjr, cryhyr, crehyr^D., ' heron ' (J.J.) = kry: gla:s. —
Not known to my other informants.
kreif'o (O.H.) ; krenif'o (J. J.), v., < to go round selling herrings,
potatoes, fruit, etc.'
kreif'on, s.pl., cf. creision, Isaiah Ixiv. 2, used to intensify : may
m boy 6 greif'on, rhewi y greif'on.
294 kreif'ur — kribinjon
kreif'ur, krbiffur> s.m., ' one who goes round selling herrings, etc.
a.lreif'o.
kreiQan, s.f., creithen, S.E., dim. of kraiB, 'scar'.
kreivjon, s.pl., creifion, D., s.v. 'ramentum', ' strigmentum ' ;
1 scrapings ', e.g. ' the remains of food, after cooking, in a pan, etc.' ;
< the remains of tallow which has melted on a candlestick '.
krempog, s.f., pi. krempoga, crempog, D., ' lightcake, pancake '.
krentf, s., Eng. (Dial.) cranch (kranf\ [to grind, gnash the teeth,
to set the teeth on edge], Nhb., West., Yks., in the exp. krentf z
ku:n, * sorrel ' (Rumex Acetosa, etc.). — Also called Keriks ku:n, dilis
ku:n, syrans 3 ku:n, dail sirjon. (Kerig sgo:l is the usual form at
Carnarvon.)
kreppax, kleppax, s.f., crebach and creppach, D., ' ariditate et
marcore contractus ' ; ' numbness of the hands through cold ' : dirni
maur ar 9 dylo, (JJ.) ; gwa:yd 3n fery dn 9 fosad = winQraw (O.H.).
kreutjo, v., Eng. recruit, ' to recover from an illness '.
krevy, v., crefu, D., ' to beg, entreat ' : may o y krevy 'arnoxi
mifo, ' he begs you to make haste '.
krevyS, s.f., crefydd, D., 'religion*.
krewyn, s.m., ? crewyn, D., dim. of craw, ' hara ' : krewyn oy:d, o
•dattus, ' a store of corn, potatoes' (I.W.). — JJ. looked upon this as
an Anglesey word.
krewyn \krawaii\.
kr'ey, v., cre*u, D., ' to create '.
kreylon, adj., creulawn, D.; G.R. [106]. 19, 'cruel'.
kri:, adj., cri, D., only in bara kn:, kakkan grt:, •' bread without
barm in it baked in a pan or on a griddle '.
kri:b, s.m., pi. krtba, crib, D. (i) 'comb' : daint kri:b, 'tooth
of a comb ' ; kn':b ??ia:nt ' small-toothed comb ' ; dail kriba sant
fraid (O.H.), 'wood betony' (Stachys Betonica). (2) 'comb' (of
a cock) : kri:b Keiljog. (3) ' apex ' (of a roof, etc.) : kn:b ty:t kri:b
ta:s, kri:b d to:. (4) fig. tori i gri:b, ' to lose one's character ' =
tori i vri:.
'kri:b-§eiljo, v., cribddeilio, R., 'to do business dishonestly, e.g.
by representing goods to be of a quality which they are not '.
kribtn, s.f., pi. kribinja, cribyn, D., ' rake '; — as term of reproach,
•' a niggardly, grasping individual ' = kravur.
kribinjo, krfanjo, krzbinjo, v., cribinio, D., ' to rake ' : heb i
gribinjo n la:n, * not well raked '.
kribinjon, knbinjon, kzrbinjon, s.pl., cribinion, S.E., ' Takings',
e. g. com left on the fields and raked together.
kriblin — kgino 295
s., ' something shrunk ' : rubaQ wedi krihyy , wedi mynd i
nes may r kroyn 9n lakt a rh*\a a kuisi arno vo (J.J. — not
known to O.H.).
, v., cribo, D. Imperative kpba, ' to comb '.
> aclj., cribog, D., ' cristatus, cacuminatus ' ; ' rising to its
apex. steeply on both sides ' : m&iyd kribog ; — may r ty: n %hy: gribog
i \i vynd i vmy heb zstol, ' the slope of the roof is too great for you
to go up without a ladder * ; — of persons, applied to one who has a
high opinion of himself. (All O.H.)
kriglin, s., pi. kriglod, kriglis, cruglyn, G.O. ii. 240. 10 ; cf. Eng.
(Dial.) griggles [small apples left on the tree after picking ; small
worthless fruit, vegetables, etc. left after gathering], w.Cy., Wil.,
Cor. ; also griglens, w.Cor., and derivative griggling, ' scrap ' =
mzmryn : — po:b kriglin o hono vo; may o wedi darvod bo:b kriglin.
kriglis, s.pl., cruglys, S.E. ; cf. cryglus, D.G. ccxvii. 5 ; creiglys,
H.D., ' crakeberry, crowberry ' (Empetrum nigrum).
krik, s.m., pi. krikja, Eng. crick, ' a rheumatic pain ' ; krik 9n 9
gubu, ' stiff-neck '°; du i y grikja tgi:d, * I am aching all over '.
krikjad, s.m., krickiad, W.S.; criccied, D.; criccad, C.C. 476. 21,
* cricket ' (insect) : may r krikjad ay kany.
krikmala \kry:d'].
krimmog, s.f., pi. knmoga, crimmog, D. (i) 'shin'. (2) ' spur
of a mountain '.
krimp, s., Eng. crimp [to crumple ; also (dial.) ' to be niggardly',
Devon], (i) applied to things which have been burnt to a cinder :
losgi y grimp; wedi rieyd ay grimp. (2) of persons : ' a stingy
fellow, a screw ' : he:n grimp /
krimpan, s.f., ' a stingy woman '.
krimpin, s., ' something dry and burnt up ' : ma: r hayl wedihsgi
po:b man zy grimpin • — may o y grimpin graminstin, ' it is dried up ' ;
so also krimpin grampan in the popular rime : gwraig 9 ty: a teyly
da: | os mgwelu\i n da:, ga: i grempog ? \ may ghe:g 9y grimpin
grampan ; \ may mam an rhy: dlaud i brmny blaud, \ may nha:d 9n
rhy: 8i:og i branny iri-'og ', — as applied to persons, * a stingy fellow,
a screw ' : p he:n grimpin I
krimpjo, v., crimpiaw, O.P. [to pinch, or crimp], 'to be burnt,
scorched, " caught " by the fire '.
krimpjO) v., ' to ask* : paid a i grimpjo vo etto (O.K.).
kn:n, adj., crln, D., ' dry and brittle '.
krino, v., crino, D., c to become dry and brittle '.
2 9 6 krinfan — krjavol
krinf'an, v., Eng. (Dial.) crinch, Sc., ' to grind ' (of the teeth) :
paid a xrinf'an da Sannad arna i (O.H.).
krint, adj., ' stingy ' : he:n 8y:n krint (O.H.).
krintax, adj., crintach, D., ' stingy ' ; — as subst. r hem grintax /,
' the old screw ! '
krintaxlyd, adj., crintachlyd, *S.E. ' stingy '.
krintaxruyb, s.m., crintachrwydd, D., ' stinginess '.
kn:o, v., krio, W.S. ; crio, D. Fut. S. 3. kri:6. Fret. kri:s, ' to
cry ', e. g. of a child ; b'e'ixjo kri:o = gneyd nada, l to bellow, to
howl ' ; hornjo kri:o, ' to cry out of temper '.
kripjad, s., cripiad, S.E., 'a scratch'.
kripjo, v., cripio, D., ' to scratch ' : du i wedi ka:l 3 yrhipjo gin
3 ga:6.
kripjo, v., crippian, C.C. 37. 28, 'to creep * = kripjan, kropjan : —
mi gripjoti i vmy hy:d dannad 9 graig, * he crept up the jagged edges
of the rock '.
krtpptl, s.m., krupul, S.G. 167. 23; krypyl, W.S. ; crypl, W.LI,
xcix. 6;^ crupul, C.L.C. i, 17. 25; crippil, C.C. 334. 12 ; 351, 2,
' cripple ' : wedi mynd 9y grippil gla:n.
kri:st, Crist, ' Christ ' : jesy grist, l Jesus Christ '.
kristin \krsslyn\.
kristjon, s.m., pi. kristnogjon^ Cristion, Acts xxvi. 8 ; Cristianogion,
Acts xi. 26 (the latter is a * learned ' development of Cristionogion),
' Christian '.
kristnogol, adj., Cristionogol ; crystnogawl, M.A. ii. 195. 23;
Cristnogol, P.G.G. 201. 28, ' Christian'.
kriu, s.m., pi. kriuja, Eng. crew, ' a number, band, mass, crew ' :
kriu o verxaid a bexgin ivayk ; — kriu o blant ; — hel nu y griu at i
gilib ; — kriu o hogja at v o:yd i ; — kriu bargan (in slate quarries),
' the partners in a bargain ' — generally consisting of three, who hire
a young man to work for them by the day.
kri:ur, s.m., criwr, B.C. 75. 10, 'town crier*.
krius, s.m., Eng. cruise: may hi wedi mynd ar 9 krius i rula
(O.H.), ' she has gone gadding about somewhere '.
krjadyr, kradyr, s.m., pi. kndirjaid, creadur, D., s.v. ' creatura ' ;
* creature ' : kradyr ka:s, kradyr bli:n, ' a tiresome creature ' ; krjadyr
divir ( — kle:n, — ne'is), ' a nice, pleasant individual ' : krjadyr ba:x /,
' poor fellow ! ' ; he:n grjadyr /, ' poor old thing ! ' ; he:n grjadyr
digri, ' a funny old character '.
krjavol) kravol, kravons^ s.pl., criafol, D., ' mountain-ash berries ' :
koydan grjavol, * mountain ash '.
kro:g—kroisi 297
:gt s.f., crog, D., * cross ' in gu:yl 3 gro:g, ' Holy Cross Day '
(Sept. 14), which occurs in the expression may hi m burn sgnmpja
gu:yl ^ gro:g, ' it is pouring great drops of rain ', alluding properly
to the heavy rains of late summer.
krogan, s.f., pi. kre&in, cragen, crogen, D. (i) ' shell ' ipysgodkregin,
' shell fish ' ; krefein kokkos, ' cockle-shells ' ; krefain westras, i oyster-
shells ' ; krogan la:s (pi. kregin gletf'on\ l mussel ' (My tilus edulis) ;
kre&in mo:\, 'the shells of the whelk (= gwi'xjad mo.-x); krogan
blakkan (Mya arenaria); kgogan berfro (i.e. Aberffraw), * big
clam ' ; krogan dgo:b, Cardium echinatum and other species of the
same genus ; krogan jago, Cypraea europaea or any shell of similar
shape, e.g. the cowrie ; krogan ne'idar, ' a small shell, something
like a periwinkle, of a greyish colour, with white spots ' (? Neritina
fluviatilis) ; krogan vu:yd, ' a large foreign shell of spiral shape with
the apex removed, used in farms for calling the hands to dinner,
etc.' [&?r«] ; krogan agor, a small shell of similar shape to the
latter (app. Turritella), sometimes worn as an ornament on a watch-
chain ; krogan gasgljad, ' a kind of foreign shell of a silvery colour
(Haliotis), used formerly for collecting in chapels ' ; kregin hedux,
4 money ' ; mynd i u grogan, ' to sulk, to retire to one's tent '. (2)
* gill of a fish ' = drogan, taga£. Cf. D. crogen pysgodyn, 'branchiae '.
krogt, v., crogi, D., * to hang, be hanged ' (on the gallows) ; cf.
hoyjan : — 0a:lme8ul8tm i grogi dy:n(rxo\.}t 'suspicion is not sufficient
to hang a man ' ; gneyd rha:fi grogi i hy:n (prov.), ' to make a rope
to hang oneself with ' ; ma: hunna ivedi mynd i grogi, d o:s na dim
da! arno vo, ' that fellow has gone to be hanged : there is no stopping
him ' ; gadux 180 vynd i grogi, ' let him go and be hanged to him ' ;
/ e'iQ o 8im dros i grogi '/, ' he'll be hanged if he'll go 1 ' ; mi dzsgod
o i grogi, ' he learnt it perfectly ' ; 'tri:u\i i grogi /, * try your very
best ! ' ; du i wedi grieyt i ru:an i \rogi '/, * I've done it now ! '
krogliB, s.f., croglith : dy gwenar 9 grogliB, ' Good Friday '. W.S.
has°' dy w gwener y croglith '. So in all Books of Common Prayer.
krogur, s.m., crogwr, S.E., ' hangman '.
kroini, kroinjo, v., croeni, D., also croenio, S.E., ' to form skin ' :
pe6 wedi kruinjo ar i wynab o, e.g. of a milk pudding; — (of a
wound) briu m dexra kroinjo, ' a wound beginning to heal by the
formation of new skin ' ; eli krb'ini.
kromjog, adj., croenog, S.E., ' with a thick skin or crust ', said of
ground which has not been ploughed for a long time ; (of persons)
* thick-skinned ', so also of horses, potatoes, etc. ; (of stone) ' having
an unworkable exterior'.
kroiygi, s.m., croengi, 'a crusty fellow' = dym kro:ys, ka:s,
•an'huylys a i gamdogjon (JJ.)«
krb'isi, v., croesi, D. (i) 'to cross*: kroisi r avon, — 3 stry:d.
(2) « to cross out, erase '.
298 krokbran — kro:6
krokbran, s.m., crogpren, D., ' gallows '.
krokbris, s., crogbris, S.E., ' extortionate price ' : rhoi krokbris am
dano vo.
krokkal (I.W. ; JJ.) ; krogal (O.H.), s.m., cnoccell, D., ' talitrum ' ;
'woodpecker* : krokkal koyd (].].).
kroksan : do:s i d3 groksan /, ' go and be hanged to you ! '
kro:x, adj., croch, D., ' acer, vehemens, violentus ' : dy:n kro:x =
dy:n maur, audyrdodol, dy:n a tempar yxal (O.K.).
kroxon, s.f., pi. kroxana, crochan, D. ; crochon, T.N. 67. 28, 'an
iron pot suspended by a hook above the fire ' ; — applied to persons :
pen kroxon, ' numskull, idiot '.
krombil, s.f., crombil, D. (i) ' gizzard '. (2) ' stomach of any
animal ', — of human beings : rhaux lond ax krombil o vu:yd ; —
mi rots i lond i grombil o vu:yd i§o vo. (3) ' heart ' (of a mountain,
etc.) : 9y grhombil ^ mmy§.
kronni, v., cronni, D., 'to collect ' : du:r ty kronni ; — kronni du:r
ha:U ; — wedi kronni lawar jaun o bvra ; — kronni du:r rhag 180 redag
ifur (e.g. with a dam) ; — du:r wedi gronni a Qolpja a x^US"> ' water
dammed up with sods and stones'.
kronva, s.f., cronfa, S.E., 'collection', e.g. of water stopped up
by a dam : kronva o 8u:r ; — also of money collected for some object :
rhoi rubaB at 9 gronva.
kroygast, s.f., cingroengast, dmas ga:s vydyr (O.H.).
kroygi, s.m., cingroengi, dy:n ka:s bydyr (O.H.) : ta:u 9 kroygi
kluybog ! ; ta:u 3r he:n groygi gwirjon /
krop, s.m., pi. kropja, ' crop ' = knu:d.
krop, s.m., ' crop ' (of a bird).
kropjan, v., croppian, D. [The O.E. past participle * cropen '
(from ' crdopan ') gave rise to a past tense ' crope ' which still
survives as ' crop ' in dialects], ' to creep ' (of children).
kropjo, v., croppio, C.C. 357. 12, 'to crop' : pu:y he:n vyux vy:o
V kropjo da wa:lt?, said to some one whose hair has been cut badly.
kroppa, s.f., pi. kro'pa:y§, (in slate quarries) ' a kind of fault in the
strata which, instead of being level, are tilted at an angle '. It is
somewhat similar in appearance to a sglont (q.v.), but it differs from
a sglont in two ways : a kroppa slopes, whereas a sglont is perpen-
dicular, a kroppa is a sort of cleavage, a sglont a sort of joint.
Hence, when it is worked the result is often a fall (rub), and it is
thus frequently the cause of accidents ; — kroppa \wi6ig slopes in an
opposite direction to the ordinary kroppa, and is not so dangerous.
, kro:6, s.f., pi. kro&a, kr0u6a, croth, D. (i) ' womb '. (2) ' calf
of the leg ' : kro:6 s go.ys ; — kro:Q dr hosan, ' the thick part of the
299
leg of a stocking*. (3) anything protuberant: i &e:g m Jai na i
gro:6 o (O.H.), describing a vessel which increases in bulk below the
mouth, e.g. a kroxon.
kro6aly s., pi. ££?9/£, crothell, D. ; G.O. ii. 60. 28. ? ' gudgeon '
(Gobio fluviatilis), but this fish, according to Forrest, is not found
in Carnarvonshire.
kroBog, adj., crothog, D., ' bulging '.
kgerudal, s.f. = kerudal. Cf. Eng. (Dial.) crowdy [a kind of
porridge ; and various mixed foods] : nes may o nym grsmdal, ' till it
is all mixed up '.
krenidi, gr#udi\ s., Eng. (Dial.) crowdy [a small fiddle], Som.,
Dev., Cor. (i) in phrase kany i \remdi ', kany gr0udi (of cats), ' to
purr '. (Cf. also crowd, * to purr ', Som., Cor.) (2) in such phrases
as be u:ti y kany n d) grerudi?, 'what are you whining about?',
i.e. kwyno heb a\os. (3) in phrase kany kremdi (greudi) ru.i'n, 'to
cry down somebody ' = dfyd vod o n mynd m o:l \a:u ; also kany
kr0udi ?y yhevn dy:n.
kretuk, s.m. \kr0ukwaU\.
kr#uk, s.m. (i) ' croak of a raven '. (2) ' the noise heard in the
belly of a horse when running ' : kr0uk 3m mol Kefyl.
kwukjan, v., crowccian, M.LI. i. 163. 31 ; Eng. (Dial.) crowk
Jto croak ; also of the bowels, to rumble, make a noise], Cum.
i) 'to cackle' (of hens). (2) 'to grumble': krewkjan m erbyn
po:b pe:6. (3) <to make a noise in the belly when running' (of
horses).
kreukjo, v., ' to croak ' (of ravens).
kgtukwafa s.m., cf. Eng. (Dial.) croke [refuse of any kind],
Der., Line., 'coarse grass which grows on mountains and other
rough places, and which the cattle will not eat '.
krmpar, s., crwper, D.G. ccviii. 60. (i) ' crupper : a strap
extending from the backband of a horse to the tail '. (2) ' crupper :
part of a horse '. Cf. krump.
krvufa, s.pl., 'idle tales' = xwedla 'dfrsaili kodi krerufa, 'to
rake up old scores '.
kremfo, v. (i) ' to talk unintelligibly ' : paid a kr0ufo n uuirjon,
du i dim m dy:a£ be u:ti n i beyd. (2) ' to gossip, talk about other
people's business' : be u:ti n i gr0ufo farad ?
kpuf'o \kreij>o~\.
kro:ynt s.m., pi. kruyn, croen, D., ' skin ' : dim ond kro.yn ar w
asgurn, ' nothing but skin and bone ' ; may r gavod m taro at 9
kro:yn, ' the shower stings the skin ' ; mi b\i6 3 d&vyb ma at i\
kroyn, ' this weather wets you to the skin ' ; / o:ys na dim djogi m
i gro:yn, ' there is no laziness in him ' ; may o n Ipnd i gro:yn, ' he
is plump, sleek ' ; (fig.) ' he is a pompous man ' ; dy:n a \ro:yn
300 kroynan — krb'ysawy
tena, ' a thin-skinned, " touchy " man ' ; kuppurft kroyn, facetious
expression for ' stomach ' ; vedrun i dim byu 2n 9 vrhoyn tan ....
' I could not rest until . . / ; un i dim syt d may o n esmuy6 m i
groyn, ' I do not see how he can be easy in his mind '. — In various
transferred senses: — (a) 'plausibility' applied to a story: / o.yd
gmo vo dim kroyn ar 2 stori (E.J.), ' his story was not plausible ',
' his story did not hang together ' (cf. Irish, croiceann do chur ar
sge'al) ; (b) ' skin, peel of fruit, etc/ : tinny kroyn avol, ' to peel an
apple' = plikjo avol\ (c) 'skin', e.g. of a rice pudding; (d) 'a
layer of vegetation (e. g. lichen) covering something ' : kroyn gla:s,
<a layer of grass', e.g. kroyn gla:s 9n tivy ar bri:§ 9 wa:§, 'a.
layer of grass growing on the molehill ' ; also ' a green surface
covering mud ' ; — he:n groyn, said of a field which has not been
ploughed for many years (cf. D.G. clix. 43); fig. of persons : he:n
groyn o be:B adi o, ' he is a crusty old fellow ' ; (e) ' a hard surface
caused by exposure to the sun, etc. ' : magy kroyn, said of peat
which lias been exposed to the weather to dry: 9y kodi nu n dair
m0unan ivagy kroyn ; — 'savanu dim ar i penna heb groyn ; (f) ' the
exterior, unworkable coating of stone in quarries ' ; (g) of the sea :
3 mo:r zy groyn ar i wymmad o, i. e. ' like glass '.
kroynan, s.f., croenen, D., ' cuticula ' ; may dd groynan di n dena
jaw, ' you are very thin-skinned, " touchy " '.
-kroyn-dena, 'krbn'dena, adj., croendeneu, ' thin-skinned, " touchy",
quick at taking offence '.
kroyndeu, adj., croendew, D., s.v. 'callosus'; 'thick-skinned'
(lit. and fig.).
kgoys, s.f., pi. kroysa; kruisi (O.H), croes, D. (i) 'cross'. (2)
' a place where several roads meet, a cross-road ' : pedar ford an
du:ad i r y:n groys. (3) ' a burden, weariness ' : he:n alt drom ddi
hon, t e: ? i:a wi:r, may hi n groys, ( this is a nasty hill, isn't it ?
Yes, indeed, it is hard work ' ; may n mynd dy groys drom ydynu
(e. g. of a misfortune). (4) ' impediment ' : ela by:§ na riu groys i
attal i xi vynd, ' perhaps there will be some impediment to prevent
3£ou going '.
kroys, adj., croes, R. (i)'in the shape of a cross': kadax
groys, ' a handkerchief bound on the head crosswise, used formerly
as a remedy for headache ' ; puyQ kroys, ' cross-stitch ' ; bgad
kroys, ' a squint '. (2} ' in the wrong direction ' : byky y gro.ys,
* to swallow (something) the wrong way '. (3) ' at cross purposes ' :
kroys weiBjo n erbyn i gilid. (4) ' contrary ' : 9y gro.ys i r gdvraB,
* contrary to the law ' ; 3-y groys i wastraf, ' the contrary of waste-
fulness ' ; tmny y groys, ' to oppose, demur, express an opposite
opinion, kick against ' : tinny y groys 9 nail i r lal, ' to provoke one
another, to nag at one another '. (5) ' cross, bad-tempered '.
kroysawy, v.; croesawu, D., ' to welcome '.
— krumfast 301
, v., croesdynnu, T.N. 1 14, 23, 'to be at loggerheads':
ma: r gu:r a r wraig yy -kroys'dmny ; ma na r0u o hy:d.
kroyslon, s.f., croeslon, 'a cross-road, a road which crosses
another ' : /got i r grb'yslon ;—pedar kgoyslon.
kroyso, s.m., croesaw, D., ' welcome ' : kgoyso /, ' welcome ! ' ;
/ o:ys vaur o groyso i ne:b vynd MO ru:ant ' there is not much wel-
come, inducement, for any one to go there now '.
krb'ysewgar, adj., croesawgar, S.E., ' affable, cordial '.
kroyu, kreyu, adj., croyw, D., ' clear ' : deyd rubaQ 9y groyu, ' to
say something clearly ' ; tori r &e'irja y grb'yu ; — du:r krb'yu, * fresh
water * (as compared with du:r ha:H).
krub, s.m., crwb, S.E. ; Eng. (Dial.) crub [a crust, crumb of
bread], Ken., Sus., Dor., Som., Dev. (i) ' lump, chunk ', esp.£gw3
o vara, ' a lump torn from a loaf fresh from the oven '. (2) applied
to persons : krub o hogyn, ' a boy of 13 or 14, old enough to begin
to earn something '. (3) in slate quarries : ' a defective foot-joint
where the slate, instead of being level, rises in concave shape '.
krub, s., Eng. (Dial.) crub [manger], Sc., Cum., Som., Dev.,
* stomach ' (facetiously) : &e:sti lond di grub ? = lond fc freitog
(O.H.).
krub, s.m., ' croup '.
krubi, s., crwbi, S.E. ; cf. D., s.v. ' gibber ', crwban, cefn-grwba,
' hump ' : dy:n a krubi ar i gevn, ' hunchback ' (O.H.) ; kodi y
grubi, ' to rise like a hump ' (O.H. in speaking of the water in a
great flood) ; rhag 280 (i. e. ? ti:r}godin ormod o grubi (].]., speaking
of ploughing).
krubjo, v. (i) ' to stoop ', e. g. of old people = 9 Kevn zy gulun
(O.H.). (2) ' to thrash ' : mi krubis i o, ' I thrashed him ' (O.H.).
krubyn, s.m., crwbyn, S.E., dim. of krub : — riu he:n grubyn o
hogyn, ' a little scrub of a boy ' ; 9 grhubyn ba:\ annuyl!, said e. g.
by a mother to her baby ; dy:n wedi mynd ay grubyn, ' a man with
a stoop'. (All O.H.)
kruk, s.m., pi. krukja^ krwck, W.S. [A payle], 'tub ' for washing,
mixing food for horses or pigs, baking, salting, etc. : r o:y§ hi m
buru vel tasa hi n du:ad o gruk, * it was raining bucketfuls ' ; — the
phrase may o n du:ad vel o gruk is also used in speaking of a
person's eloquence.
krukkud, s., crwcwd, D.G. xc. 17 ; the same word as kurkud q.v.
As term of reproach : ta:u r he:n grukkud I (O.H.).
krumfast, knmfast, s.m., pi. krumfastja, cnvmffast : krumfast
o hogyn, * a big strapping lad ', alluding to a boy of about fifteen
(cf. krub, hoglayk).
302 krump — kry:\
krump, s., ' rump ' : the part of a horse immediately above the
tail ; also of persons : may o y karjo i vayx <*r grump i dim (O.H.).
krun, adj., fem. kron, pi. krmjon, crwn, D., * round ' : ay grun vel
' as fat as a dumpling '!
krunar, s.m., ' coroner '.
kru:st, s.f., crwst, D., s.v. 'crusta', 'crustum': O.F. crouste.
(1) ' crust ', e. g. of a pie (not of bread = knstyti) ; applied also
e. g. to the skin of a burnt rice pudding. (2) ' growth upon stones,
trees, etc.' (3) ' blow ' (J J. — not known to O.H.).
kruttyn, s.m., pi. krdtja, crwtyn, O.P., ' a small boy of seven or
eight years of age '.
kru:6, s.m., pi. knBja, crwth, D. (i) ' hump, hunch on the back '.
(2) 'basket' in kru:6 sgotta, ' a fisherman's basket '. (3) ' fiddle ',
only in the phrase kany i xru>'0, ' to purr ' (cf. kr0udi)t (4) ' salt-
box ' : kru:6 halan — Kettog (which is the usual word).
fyu6i, adj., ' hunch-backed ' (I.W).
kruydredig, adj., crwydredig, D.P.O. 73. 17, 'wandering': dy:n,
devaid kruydredig.
kruydro, v., crwydro, D., ' to wander '.
kruydryn, s.m., crwydryn, G.O. i. 233. 3, 'wanderer, tramp':
wedi mynd ay gruydryn maur (O.H.), ' having become a regular
tramp '.
kruydyr, s., crwydr, D., c wandering J : may r bavod wedi mynd ar
gruydyr.
kfy:t adj., fem. kge:, comp. krwax, pi. knvjon, cryf, D., ' strong ' :
dy:n kry:, ' a strong man ', either as regards strength of muscle, etc.,
or as regards health. — applied to tea, etc. : may r te: y gry:, — of a
blow, ' heavy' : rhoi slap gre:> 'to deal a heavy blow'; — of soil,
'rich': ti:r kry:. Cf. bra:s.
kry:d, s.m., crud, D., ' cradle '.
kjy:d, s.m., cryd, D., 'ague'; krikmala = ccyd y cymalau,
' rheumatism '.
kry:§, s.m., pi. kr&jon, crydd, D., ' shoemaker '.
kry:g, adj., cryg, D., 'hoarse'.
-kry: -gla:s, 'kry:r 'gla:s, 'kry 3 'gla:s ; kryglas (JJ.) ; s.m., cryr,
cryhyr, crehyr, D., 'heron ', i.e. cryr glas. Cf. kregyr.
kry:x, adj., crych, D., ' curling ' : pen kry:x, gwa:lt kry:x.
kry:x, s.m., crych, cf. D.G. App. iii. 12. (i) 'rough water in
a river '. (2) name applied to certain flaws in slate : kry:x hy:d, ' a
defective stripe about one inch wide running more or less in the
same direction as the grain, but obliquely and irregularly ; kry:x
traus, ' a similar stripe, one or two inches wide, running across the
grain. Both these defects make that part of the rock utterly worth-
kryn — kpxjad 303
less; kry:x dy: is a flaw of a different nature, like a splash of ink on
the slate. Slate with this defect can be worked, but it is of brittle,
inferior quality.
krjm, adj., cryn, D., ' fair, good ' (before nouns of quantity or
numerals) : may na gryn dippin o:b akku i r knebrun, ' it is a good
long way to the funeral from my home'; may na gryn dippin o
buysa mo vo, ' it weighs a good deal ' ; krjm lawar, ' a good deal ' ;
er s krjn bamQag mlmab, ' a good fifteen years ago ' ; am gryn &e:y
mytiyd, ' for fully ten minutes '.
kry:s, s.m., pi. kpsa, crjs, D., ' shirt '.
knban, s., ' a thrashing ' : mirois ignban tio vo. (Not the same as
kurban, which is a stronger term.)
knbibjon, hrbibjon, s.pl., cyrbibion, S.E., 'smithereens, shreds' :
may r dilad wedi tori n raks grzbibjon, tori n gzrbibjon ylu, ' the
clothes are torn to shreds '. Also wedi malirjo, wedi maly n raks
grabibjon (n va:n grriibjori) ; — hel 9 knbibjon, tavlz knbibjon, ' collect
the bits, throw away the bits ' ; — fig. may o wedi mynd m raks
gnbtbjon, implying ' he has become a bankrupt '.
knbinjo \kribinjo\.
knbinjon \kribinj ori\.
krzbjady s., ' a good quantity': bytta krzbjad ; knbjad oyud, etc.
Cf. krub.
krzbjo, v., ' to pull a piece with the hand from a loaf fresh from
the oven ' : paid a knbjo r dorQ. Cf. krub.
knbuyl, v., crybwyll, D., 'to mention '.
knfaxfyd* adj-, cf. crebach, D., ' ariditate et marcore contractus ' ;
' in wrinkles, creases ' : wedi smutyo y gnbtxtyd, ' badly ironed ' (of
clothes), ' creased in the ironing ' ; gwynab knbsxlyd, * wizened,
lined face '. [For variations in pronunciation see below.]
W» *W> 'xv ..; rexy, naxy .., v.,
krybychu, W.S. [Shrynke] ; cyrbychu, crepachu, crebychu, D., s.v.
'contraho'; cf. kreppax and L.A. 54. 7; 153. 29, 'to shrink,
crease by shrinking '.
krzdety, v., cyfrodeddu, D. : crydeddu, M.LI. ii. 148. 19, 'to
twist two threads together ' (O.H.). Cf. hvrodat.
kndyras, s.f., creadures, S.E., 'creature': 9 gndyrasl, 'poor thing ! '
knf'hay, v., cryfhau, D., ' to strengthen '.
kngni, s., crygni, D., ' hoarseness '.
kngy, v., crygu, D., ' to become hoarse '.
krzkjad, s., as much as will fill a kruk, q.v.
krsxjad, s.m., crychiad, D., s.v. ' ruga ', ' patagium ' ; ' gathering
(in a dress), pleating ; crease '.
3 o 4 kr9\jas — knsiyn
knxjast (J.J.; O.K.), s., crychias, D., ^s.v. 'bullio',
' vndo ' ; in phrase berwi y gnxjas, ' to boil furiously '.
> adj., crychlyd, S.E., ' curly ' (of the hair).
, v-> ' to crumple, curl, curl up ' (trans, and intr.) : may hi
y kr^xy i dail rhag bla:yn, 'its leaves curl up (i.e. wither) very
early ' ; kr^xy pappy r, ' to crumple paper ' ; kr^xy i dalkan, ' to
wrinkle up the brows ' ; kraxy 9 gwa:lt, ' to curl the hair ' ; also (of
the hair), ' to wave, to be wavy ' ; — (of clothes, etc.) ' to crease, to
pleat, to gather (on a tape) etc.' ; — (of water), ' to ripple '.
krsminstin \krimpin\.
knminstjo, v., ' to dry up '.
krsmman, s.f., pi. krsmana, crymman, D., ' sickle, pruning-hook '.
kpmmy, v., crymmu, D., * to stoop ' (by bending the back and
legs) ; — said also of people bent by age : may o wedi krmimy ; —
kwmmy i ben, * to bend one's head *. Cf. gwyro, gwargammy.
krmdod, s.m., cryndod, D., ' a shivering, the " shivers " ' : rhiu
grmdod truy^a i ; — may r krmdod arna i nes may nannad iy klekjan
ar i gilib.
krm-hoi, v., crynoi, D., cto put much into a small space, to
gather together' : krm'hoi peQa at i gilib.
kranlo, s., ' medium-sized lumps of coal ' : rh#ux dippin o grsnlo
ar 9 ta:n.
krmny, v., crynu, D., crynnu, C.C.M. 117. 2 ; M.LI. i. 132. 27,
' to shiver, tremble ' : krmny gin annuyd, ' to shiver with cold ' ;
krmny veldetlan, ' to tremble like a leaf ' ; krsnny o r koryn ir s0udul,
' to shiver from head to foot '.
krmo, adj., cryno, D. (i) ' compact ' : mi b'eyOon zy grmo, ' they
came very well together ' ; 'r oyftanu wedi du:ad dy grmo mo, ' there
was a fairly good attendance '. (2) ' neat, smart ' = tut, trevnys,
taklys ; — dy:n, Kefyl, diladkrmo; ta:sgrmo; — wedi gneyd i le: y grdno.
kransuQ, krmsuQt, s.m., crynswth, R. ; G.O. ii. 132. 22, ' a mass ' :
mi S9r6jo& ay gwnsuQ, 'it fell in a mass, all together' (e.g. of soot
down a chimney) ; also of persons e. g. to fall too suddenly to be
able to defend oneself; — dma vo ny:n krmsuQt ; — mynd a vo: an i
grmsu&, ' to carry it bodily '.
knsbas, krysbas, s.f., pi. krasbeif'a, crysbais, R. ; pi. crysbeisiau,
D., s.v. ' paragandes * ; 'an undershirt ' : krasbas wlanan, ' flannel
shirt, flannel vest ' (worn next the skin) ; knsbas li:an, ' a linen
jacket with sleeves, worn underneath the coat by workmen ' ; kwsbas
wey, ' knitted jacket ' ; knsbas no:s, term formerly applied to a
woman's nightgown (J.J.).°
krsstyn, kristin (O.H.), pi. krsstja ; kristja (O.H.), s.m., crystyn,
D., s.v. ' crustula'; M.LI. i. 1 19°. 5, « crus°t of a loaf, opp. to muidjon,
krrvdur — ku:x
' the crumb ' ; kpstyn kaus, ' cheese-rind ' ; knstyn o 8y:n, said of
a very dry man ; also may o y gnslyn sy:\.
krwdur, s.m., cryfder, D. ; cryfdwr, Job vi. 12 ; C.L.C. i. 17. 7 ;
C.C. 105. 25, 'strength'.
kr9V9bol, adj., crefyddol, D., s.v. ' religiosus ' ; ( religiously in-
clined, devout '.
Xv/.% call to drive away a dog.
ku:ar \kerwar\.
ku:arx \kerivar •*].
kubul, s.m., cwbl, D., * whole ' : dma r kubul sy: na, ' that's all
there is ' ; may gwynt 9 duyran m deivjo r kubul^ ' the east wind
blasts everything ' ; may r kubul ar i sguy&a vo, * he has all the
responsibility ' ; dim . . . o gubul, ' not ... at all '.
ku:d^ s.m., pi. hda, cwd, D., ' bag ' : ku:d pappyr, ' paper bag ' ;
prmny ka:6 meun ku:d, ' to buy a pig in a poke ' ; paub a u:yr
gulum i gu:d i hy:n (prov.), ' every one knows where the shoe
pinches ', ' every one knows his own troubles ' ; — also ' scrotum '.
kuderbyn, adv. = kwerbyn, ' opposite, in a line (with) ' : kuderbyn
a m':, * opposite us ' ; sbi:a y guderbyn a dz dru.yn, ' look straight in
front of you '.
kudsax, s., cwdsach, D., s.v. « folliculus ', ' sacciperium ' ; ' small
sack ' (larger than ku:d and smaller than sa:x), JJ-, O.H. ; — as
applied to persons, ' a short individual ' : r hem gudsax = dy:n
kulta (O.K.).
kudyn, s.m., cwdyn, S.E., dim. of ku:d: — kudyn o hogyn, ' a sturdy
little boy ' (corresponding to sa:x o dy:n = dy:n kry:y dy:n fruydo
drau), O.H. ; kudyn annuyl /, term of endearment used by a mother
to her child (O.H.).
kufans, kufas, kufast, s.f., ' fight ' : 0:8 na gufas 8a: ano ? ; — be di
r gufast ru:an ?
kufjo, v., cwffio, G.O. ii. 77. 22; T.N. 33. 14, Eng. cuff, 'to
fight ' (of human beings or animals) ; kufjo penna hevo i gilfo, ' to
knock heads together in play ' (of children).
ku:&, s.m.f., pi. ku:ks, * cook ' ; 3 ku:k (f.) ; but may htygu:k reit da:.
kukri, s., Eng. cookery, (i) 'potatoes mashed with turnips or
carrots '. O.H. has also kukri fa:. (2) ' muddle ' : gneyd kukri o
•honynu. (3) 'unfair dealing' (I.W.).
ku:x, s.m., pi. hxod, cwch, D. (i) ' boat ' : pen bla:yn 9 ku:x,
1 bow ' ; ti:n 3 ku:x, pen o:l 9 ku:x = starn, ' stern ' ; tru:yn 9 ku:x,
' nose of the boat '. Cf. also km'u, rhu:yv, toft, tolyn.—haljo 9 ku:x,
1 to haul the boat ' ; rhoid 9 ku:\ ilexy, ' to put the boat in a sheltered
place ' ; g9ry (= guOjo) r ku:x i r du:r (fig.), ' to incite, to add fuel
to the fire '. (2) * bee-hive ' : ku:\ gwenyn.
1432 X
306 kula — kumfonnas
kula, adj., Pcwla, D., 'carens auribus'; M.A. i. 122 a, 9;
T.N.~3O5. 28, * poorly ' : digon kula a digalpn, * rather poorly and
dejected '.
kulin, s.m., pi. kulins, Eng. cullings, ' article thrown aside as being
of inferior quality to the rest ', ' a small inferior article ' : paid a rhoid
he:n gulins ma:n, said e.g. to one selling potatoes ; — 9 porxalsala adi
~
kuljo, v., Eng. cull, ' to put aside something as being of inferior
quality to the rest ' : kuljo devaid = pigo 9 rhei sala o 'honynu.
kulum, s.m., pi. kbmma, cwlm,clwm and cwlwm, D., 'knot': kbmmy
kulum, ' to tie a knot ' ; kulum rhedag, ' slip knot ' ; kulum gulum,
1 a knot tied twice ' ; kulum do/an, ' bow ' ; kulum nain, ' a knot
tying two ends together ' (O.H.) ; kulum morur, ' sailor's knot '
(O.H.) ; mynd 9y gulum, ' to get into a knot ' ; saul kulum 'vedruxi
roid?, ' how many kinds of knots can you make ? ' \ daxi wedi rhoi
kulum arno vo n rhy: s0und, ' you have tied it too tight ' ; kulum
dzrys, ' a hard knot ' ; kulum ko:yd, ' black bryony ' (Tamus com-
munis) ; kulum ar i forvad, ' stricture of the bowel '.
kuUur, s.m., pi. kuljsra, cwlltr, D., ' coulter '.
kum, s.m., pi. tommob, kummob, cwmm, D., ' hollow, valley with
only one inlet '.
kumany, v., ' to stoop '.
kumfon, s.f., pi. kmfonna, cynfFon, D. (i) ' tail ' : bo:n 9 gumfon,
1 root of the tail ' ; 9sguyd 9 gumfon, * to wag the tail ' ; kodi 9 gumfon
(fig.) = rhedag a raf'o, ' to lay aside all restraint' : daxiy kodix kumfon
9n vy:an (i.e. an ivayk\ J.J. ; — may o wedi tori i gumfon, ' he has
done for himself = may o wedi tori kumfon igi: ; — penpynt, kumfon
Simma, ' grand bonnet, ragged shoes ' ; — kumfon Igodan, ' broad-
leaved plantain ', Bangor (Plantago major) = dail lorjad, kabaitf 9
laur. (2) 4 train ' (of a dress). (3) kumfon go:\, ' the third grade in
bolting flour, fine bran '. (4) in transferred sense implying ' spong-
ing, sneaking, toadying, fawning': byu ar i gumfon 9n le: byu ar i
winaS, l to live by sneaking and sponging instead of honest work '
(O.H.) ; gna: d9 ora i gadu dz gumfon, ' do your best not to " lay it
on too thick "', e.g. a caution after giving advice to a young man
to go and see a relation from whom he expected a legacy and to
be polite to him '. (5) ' blackleg, sneak, parasite, toady, sponger '
(in this sense often kmfon).
kumfonjyd^ fonfonjyd, adj., cynffonllyd, S.E., ' sponging, apt to
play the sponger '.
kumfonna, kmfonna, k9fonja, kzfonjo, v., cynffoni, cynfFonio,
S.E., " to suck up to ", ' to curry favour, to fawn upon ' ; 'to be
a sneak, toady, parasite, sponger ' ; 'to cringe '.
kumfonnas^ kmfonnas, s.f., ' a female sneak, toady, sponger '.
kumfonnog — kuplus 307
kumfonnog, bnfonnog,fonnog, adj., cynffonnog, D., ' caudatus ' ;
B.C. 25. 23, 'sponging, apt to play the sponger*.
kumfonnur, fanfonnur, s.m., 'sneak, toady, sponger'; — fern.
kumfonrag, hnfonrag.
kumfoygi, hnfoy&i, s.m., pi. kum/oyguns, cynffongi, S.E. ; cyffongi,
T.N. 4. 29, ' sneak, toady, sponger '.
kumman, s., cwman, S.E. [the rump or buttock ; the lower part
of the back], 'a stoop in the shoulders': m 9 yhumman, etc.,
' stooping ' ; may o n i gumman 9n aru, may o wedi mynd i u
gumman m aru, ' he stoops very much '.
kummul, s.m., pi. hmyfa, cwmmwl, D., ' cloud ' : hmrta ble:u
geivr, " goat's hair ", i.e. streaky or ' cirrus ' clouds.
hummus, hmmuys, adj., cymmwys, D., 'suitable, fit': dy:n
kummus i rieyd peQ.
kumni, s.m., cwympni (sic), B.C. 107. 3 ; cwmnhi, B.C. 64. 15;
M.LI. i. 158. 4; 195. 27, etc., 'company'. Cf. kumpeini.
kumpas, s., pi. kumpasob, kwmpas, L.A. 9. 17 ; I.D. xxxviii. 9;
cwmpas, D. ; cf. D.G. xix. 27 ; Ixxviii. 23 ; Eng. compass, in the
ex p. o gumpas, ' about ' : o gumpas amsar Kinjo, ' about dinner
time ' ; o gumpas 9 gwilfa, * about the time of the holidays ' ; o
gumpas pymp, ' about five o'clock ' ; klut o di:r o gumpas ty:, ' a
piece of ground around a house ' ; 9 pe:6 o gumpos 9 gobennyb, i. e.
' bolster-case ' ; peidjux a gneyd dim lol 9n i gumpas o, ' do not
make any nonsense about it ' ; trot o i \umpas hi, l to be courting
her '. In pi. ' neighbourhood, environs ' : pobol 9 kumpasob.
kumpeini, tompe'im, s.m., kwmpaeni, S.G. 13. 26; cwmpeini,
B.C. 64. 15 ; P.G.G. 44. 21, 'company': kumpeini 'a'nivir jaun
9di r vannod, ' toothache is very unpleasant company ' ; kumpeini
dru:g, ' bad company ' ; he:n gumpeini di&an 9di o, l he is pleasant
company '.
kuna, v., said of a bitch maris appetens : may r a:st 9y kuna.
kunnus, kmnuys, v., cynnwys, D., s.v. ' admitto '. (i) ' to encour-
age, egg on': hnnuys 9 nail 9 lal, 'to egg one another on'; hnnuys
ir ty:, 'to invite, welcome to the house'; 'folaxiin o i gmnuys ?mma,
' you should not encourage him here '. (2) ' to make room for ' in
the exp. kmnuys ! (kunnus /), said to one of two cows which are
too near one another while being milked (J.J.) ; — also to persons,
implying ' get out of the way ' : hnnuys ga:l i mi gal (e: (O.H.).
kupanad, hpanad, panad, s.f., pi. (ku)paneidja, cwppaneid, St. Mark
ix. 41, ' cupful ' : kupanad o de:, ' a cup of tea '.
kupany, v., used of something which ought to lie flat but curls
up, e. g. crochet work.
kuplus ; hplus (J.J.), s.m., kwplys, W.S. "[Couples] ; cwplws, D.
(1) 'a rein used to fasten horses together while ploughing ' (I.W.).
(2) ' a rope or chain attaching two sheep together, to the centre of
X 2
308 kuppan — kurnad
which a cord is tied which the driver holds ; or a piece of wood
used in the same way for driving rams ' ; — also ' a leash ' for dogs.
(3) ' cluster ', e.g. of nuts : kuplus du.y, kuplus fair, etc. (J.J.).
kuppan, s.f., pi. kupana, fopana, cwppan, D., ' cup ' : kuppan de:}
' tea-cup ' ; kly:st 9 guppan, « handle of the cup '.
kuppul, s.m., pi. hpla, kwpyl, W.S. ; cwpl, I.D. xxxix. 34 ; D.,
s.v. ' tignum '. (i) ' a couple ' : kuppul o fan/on. (2) ' a sheep and
its lamb '. (3) 'two sheep attached by a kuplus '. (4) supporting
beams of a roof, in the shape of an inverted V [fraust].
kuppurb, kuppur, s.m., pi. hpwba, cwpwrt, L.G.C., p. 99 [49] ;
cwpwrdd, W.LI. (Voc.), s.v. * almari ' ; kwpbwrdd, W.S. ; cypyrddau
(pi.), G.O. ii. 78. 25, 'cupboard': kuppur kanol, kuppur kro:yn,
facetious expressions for the stomach.
kur, s.m., pi. for a, cwrr, D., * edge, skirts ' : kur 9 ka:y, ' the edge
of a field — close to the hedge ' ; kur 9 ko:yd, ' the outskirts of the
wood ' ; kur 9 klaub, ' one of the two sides of a road enclosed by
hedges ' ; fora r wla:d, ' the utmost limits of the country '.
ku:r, kurb \kwarvod\.
kurax, s.m., pi. kuraxod, apparently another form of korax, q.v.
(i) ' a dwarf; a very small person' : riu gurax o dy:n. (2) term
of reproach for a person of small size = dy:n ba:x, 'dirasgurn,
•dirnerB (J.J.) — riu he:n gurax o dy.ti (O.H.).
kurban, s.m., 'a thrashing' : mi rots i gurban da: 180 vo ; — ka:l
kur ban.
kurbanny, v., ' to thrash ' : mi kurbannifi o.
kurbitf, s.m., Eng. kourbash, ' a thrashing '.
kurbit/o, v., ' to thrash '.
kurkud ; krukkud (O.H.), s., cwrcwd, crwcwd, S.E. ; cf. Eng.
(Dial.) curcuddie [a grotesque kind of dance, performed in a
shortened posture sitting on one's hams with the arms akimbo],
Sc. ' a squatting posture ' : 9n 9 yhurkud, ' on my hunkers '. — As
term of reproach applied to a small person : ta:u 9r hem gurkud!
(" old squat ", O.P.). — As term of endearment to babies : — 9 ghurkud
annuyl! Cf. krukkud.
kurkzdy, v., ' to squat '.
kurlid, s.m., kyvyrlit, S.G. 241. 29; kwrlid, W.S. ; cwrlid, D.
Also D.G. cxviii. 23, ' coverlet, quilt'.
kurnad, s.m., cwrnad, G.O. ii. 38. 28, 'bawling, shouting, jarring
noise, nagging ' : sum o:yr ka:s — riu 8ru:g wedi neyd a ru:in 9y
klebran, a rhei wedi blino ar 9 kurnad ; — paid a x^du kurnad ; may
o uQi 9n i gurnad ; riu hem gurnad am 9r ym pe:6 — (O.H.).
kurnad, v., ' to bawl, shout, nag ' : paid a kurnad 9r y:n pe:B o
hy:d (O.K.). (Cf. k9rnady, — rfogny, rhiykjo.)
kurs — kutjo 309
kurs, s.m., pi. forfa, cwrs (kwrs), D.G. vii. 39; civ. 25; G.I.
xxiii. 30 ; D. (i) ' course ' : m o:l kurs natlyr. (2) ' manner of
life ' : dy:n dru:g i gurs ; may o y kadu kurs dru:g, ' he is a bad
lot ' ; also, less strongly, of children, ' he is naughty '. (3) ' a large
quantity ' : am gurs o amsar, ' for a considerable time ' ; cr s kurs
maur o vbn&ob ; — du i n hym o gurs maur na vo:, * I am much
older than he ' (O.H.) ; may o ymma er s kurs ru:an, ' he has been
here for a considerable time now ' ; — kurs o arjan ; — kurs o/orb; —
may hi y gurs o la:u = may hi n la:u garu, ' it is raining heavily '
(O.H.). (4) * fit ' : far/'a o bwxy, ' fits of coughing '. (5) pi. font's,
' a layer of hay placed round the outside in making a haystack '.
Cf. [anu.
kurtais (I.W.) ; kurtas (W.H.), adj., kwrteis, S.G. 217. 29 ; W.S.
[CourtesseJ ; cwrtais (read kwrteis), D.G. cl. 3. O.F. courteis
[courteous], ' shy '.< — (Not known to O.H.)
kurtans, adj., ' short, curt ; niggardly' : attab 9y gurtans ; dy:n
kurtans hevo i vesyr a i buysa.
kuru, s.m., cwrw, D., ' beer ' : glafad o guru, ' a glass of beer ' ; —
koysa kuru, ' a drunken gait '.
kurva, s.f., curfa, D., « a thrashing ' (O.H. ; Bangor). — Perhaps
a confusion with sgurva.
kusberins, s.pl., sing, kusberan, f., ' gooseberries '.
ku:sg, s.m., cwsg, D., * sleep ' : melys gu:sg tdi ku:sg 9 gweidjur
(prov.). — Not in general use ; cf. hsgy.
kusmar, s.m., pi. kusmerjad, (pi.) cwsmeiriaid, B.C. 119. 10,
' customer '.
kusnjo, v., said of apples, turnips, etc., which have become
shrunk and dry from long keeping.
kustuyo, stuyo, v., costwyo rectius cystwyo, D., ' to strike ' : mi d)
gsstuya i di (e. g. a durn, afori), O.H.
kufat, s.f., pi. kufedi, kwyset, W.S. [Gusset], 'gusset'. Also
kssat.
kul, s.m., pi. htja, cwtt, D., ' sty, kennel, shed, etc. ' : kut moxyn,
* pig-sty ' ; kutjeir, ' hen-coop ' ; kut Hi:, ' dog-kennel ' ; kutgwniyan,
' rabbit-hutch ' ; kut glo:, taitus, ' coal, potato shed ' ; kut ku:x,
' boat-house ' ; riu he:n gut ba:\ o hem dy:, ' hovel ' ; kut bu:yd,
1 shed where quarrymen take their food ' ; kut mo\al, ' shelter for
quarrymen during blasting operations '.
kut, s., cwtt, D., ' frustum, particula ' ; ' tail ' (I.W.) ; uQ i gut,
' behind him ' : hogyn uB i gut o.
kutjo, v., cwtio ne dwckio gwisc laes, W.S. [Tucke], ' to shorten '
(trans, and intrans.) : may r dy:b 9y kutjo ( = torhay], ' the days are
drawing in ' ; r 0:8 3 gewin wedi kutjo, ' the sinew had shrunk '.
3 1 o kutogi — kwaral
kutogi, v., cwttogi, D., s.v. ' abbreuio ' ; ' to shorten ' = kutjo.
kutf, s.m., Eng. couch : kutftattus, ' a heap of potatoes covered
up for the winter with bracken, potato-stalks, etc., and earth above '.
kuifa, v., Eng. couch, a command to dogs to keep quiet, especially
when they are inclined to bite the sheep.
kutfo, v., < to store potatoes'. Cf. kutf.
kuifo, v., 'to be wasted, to look ill ' : may o wedi kutfo n aru =
strikjo (O.K.).
kutta, adj., cwtta, D. (i) ' short ' : Kettyn kutta, ' a short pipe ' ;
tori gwa:lt,fon ay gutta, ' to cut hair, a stick, short ' ; tori ge'irja ay
gutta,) ' to clip words ' ; ma: x tr0usys wedi mynd m rhy: gutta, if'o
leysy nu. (2) ' short ' as regards supply : ma: r y:d m 3 sa:\ wedi
°mynd 3y gutta. (3) ' mean '.
kutiar, s.m., pi. kuteryb, cwtter, 2 Sam. v. 8, ' gutter '.
kuttus, s., kwttys, W.S. [A cutte, lotte] ; cwttws, Isaiah Ivii. 6 ;
D., ' lots ' : t3nny kutlus.
kuttyn, s.m., cwtyn, S.E. (i) * chit ' : kuttyn o hogyn ba:\ (JJ.) ', —
also as term of endearment to babies : 3 rjhutiyn ba:\ i I — both
kudyn and kuttyn are used in the latter sense. (2) ' tuck ' (for
shortening) : rhoi kuttyn 3no vo.
kutvys, s.m., cwtfys, ' third finger ' \by:s\.
kuBlun^ s., cythlwng, D., in the phrase ar i guBlun^ ' fasting '.
kuQruvul, s.m., cythrwfl, D., 'squabble, hubbub, brawl': pu:y
godod 3 kuQruvul ? / be di r kuQruvul sy 3mma ? (O.H.).
kti&waly s.m., cf. cwthwal, M.F., ' hovel ' : meun riu he:n guQwal
tlaud may o wedi vagy, ' he has been brought up in some wretched
hovel '.
ku:yn, s.m., pi. kwinjon, cwyn, D., ' complaint '.
ku.yr, s.m., cwyr, D., 'wax': ku:yr melyn, 'bees' wax'; ku:yr
kry:§, ' cobbler's wax '. Also ' wax in the ears '.
ku:ys> s.f., pi. kuisi, cwys, D., 'furrow' : tmny ku:ys, 'to make a
furrow ' ; in fig. sense : 3 kro:yn wedi mynd 3n lak, a rh3\a a kuisi
arno vo (JJ.).
kuyso, v., cwyso, D., ' to furrow '.
kwak, s.m., Eng. quack, term of reproach, ' cheat, rogue ' : r he:n
gwakdru:g! (O.H.).
kwak, kwat, s.m., Eng. quod : wedi mynd i r kwak, ' gone to
quod ', i. e. to prison.
kwaral (W.H. ; I.W.), s.m.f. ; xwaral (Bangor; E.J.), s.f., pi.
kwareli, xwareli, cf. cwarel, L.G.C., p. 12. [32]; Eng. (Dial.) quarrel
[A pane of glass] ; O.F. carrel, quarrel : kwaral o wydyr, ' pane of
glass'.
kwarvod — kwcsljun 311
kwarvod, k(s>]varvod, hvur(&), kuvur, kurb, ku:r> v., cyfarfod, D. ;
cyfwrdd, M.LI. i. 6. n ; B.C. 125. 22 ; cwrdd, C.C. 5. 32. Put.
S. 3. k(9)vervybt k(3>)vervyO, PI. 2. k(?)varv)bu\\ Pret. S. 3.
k(i)varvtiob, ' to meet ' : mi 'eifi ')(warvot /', ' I went to meet her ' ;
wedi krvur a ;'^///3, ' having met ' ; rubaB kroys ?n du:ad i \ kuvur
X*, ' meeting with some unpleasant experience '.
kwarvod, k(i)varvod, s.m., pi. k(i)varvodyb, cyfarfod, D., 'meeting '.
kwat \kwaK\.
kwavar, s., Eng. (Dial.) quaver [A flourish], ' flourish (especially
in writing one's name), scallop, any ornamentation in round out-
line ' : gneyd riu gwavars ar sanna (O.H.).
kwavrjo, v., ' to make flourishes '.
kweiljo, koiljo, v., coelio, D., 'to believe ' : -^weilja i vaur /, ' I
should think not indeed!'
kwe'in, s., Eng. (Dial.) quine (i. e. kwain), Gloucestershire, ' coin '.
kweinjo, v., ' to coin '.
kweir, s., cyweir, B.C. 92. i, 'a thrashing ' : rhoi kweir 180 vo ;—
mi gei di gweir.
kwe'irjad \krveir jad\
kweirjo, v., cyweirio, D. ; cf. cweirio, C.C.M. 208. 12; G.R.
(i i ) 17. (i) ' to make, prepare ' (= tri:n, gneyd) : kweir jo givair,
menyn, ' to make hay, butter ' ; kweir jo gwely, ' to make a bed ' ;
also in a fig. sense: mi gweir j a i da wefy, he:n wa:s/, Til do for
you!', 'I'll see you get the sack!' (2) 'to tune': kweir jo telyn.
(3) ' to castrate '. (4) ' to thrash ' : mi gavoft o i gweir jo njaun.
kweirjur, s.m., cyweiriwr, Isaiah Iviii. 1 2 [repairer], ' castrator '.
kwe'itis, s.pl., (sing.) koyten, W.S. [A coyte], coeten, B.C. 62. 24,
'quoits' (O.H.).
kweitjo, v., koytio, W.S. [Coyte], ' to play quoits ' (O.K.).
kwekjan, v., cf. cwecian, C.F. 1890, 330. 21 ; Eng. quake, 'to
oppose, demur, kick against ' ; dim ius i ti gwekjan, viu i tigwekjan,
'' it is no use demurring ' ; be u:ti n i gwekjan ? r u:ti n rhy vs\an
i Su:ad hevo ni (O.H.).
kweryl, s.m., pi. kwerrta, kweryl, W.S.; cweryl,D., ' quarrel '=/ra.y.
kwe:st, s.m., kwest, W.S. [A quest]; cwest, C.C.M. 97. 15,
' inquest '.
kwesta, v., ' to eat ' : be u:ii n i gwesta /, ' what are you eating ? '
(O.K.).
kwestjun, s.m., pi. kwestjma, kwestiwn, W.S. ; cwestiwn, D.,
' question ' : govyn kwestjun i ru:in, * to ask some one a question ' ;
mi drinjoft 2 kwesijun an da:, ' he treated the question well ' ; may n
gwestjun gin i 'vedru\i godi vory, ' I question whether you will be
able to get up to-morrow '.
312 kweyQog — 'kyd'vynd
kweyGog, adj., kywaythoc, W.S. ; cywaethawg, W.LI, xcviii. 16;
cyfoethog, D., ' rich '.
kwikt s., Eng. quick ; ' an instrument formerly used, when heated,
for goffering the cap worn under women's tall hats ' — heyyrn kwik,
' curling tongs ' (O.H.).
kwtkjOj v., ' to goffer ' ; — kwikjo (= karljo] gwadt, 'to curl hair'
(O.H.).
kwilib, s., cywilydd, D. ; cwilidd, C.C.M. 47. 15, ' shame' : rhak
Awili'8 /, ' for shame ! ' ; r o:d zy gwt'lib ibo vo vynd i folad, ' it was
shameful for him to get into debt ' ; kodi kwilift 'arnynu, * to make
them ashamed of themselves '.
kwilim, Gwilym, ' William '. Sometimes shortened into kwil.
kwilja, kwiljux, v., sometimes for gwilja, gwiljux, gwylia,
gwyliwch, l take care '.
kwils, s.pl., sing, kwilstn, m., kwyl, W.S. [A quyll] ; chwilsyn,
T.N. 169. 5, 'quills': gu:r kwilsy 'lawyer'; ma/Jo dim kwilsin
gu:y§ 9no vo, ' not to care a straw for him '.
kwimpjad) s.m., cwympiad, D.F. [99]. 4, ' fall ', in the exp.
kwtmpjad 3 dailt ' the fall of the leaves '.
kwirkin, s.m., Eng. (Dial.) quirk [the clock of a stocking], Ch.,
Shr., Som., Dev., ' the clock of a stocking ' (O.H.). Cf. T.N. 280. 37.
Ac yn lie 'sgidie pine, a sane cwircie, Goes tin agored a hen facsie.
kwirkjo, v., ' to make clocks on stockings '.
kwit, adj., comp. kwitjax, 'quick': dy:n kwit ar i droyd ; kwit
i davod.
kwymp, s., cwymp, D., ' fall '. Only in kwymp 3 daily ' the fall of
the leaves ', and in kwymp dy:n, ( the Fall of Man ' : hence also may
o wedi kayl kwympy ' he has had a fall' (in the moral sense).
kwympOy v., cwympo, D., ' to fall ' of leaves : may r dail zn
dexra kwympo. [The usual word for ' fall ' is S3r6jol\
kwyno, v., cwyno, D., s.v. * queritor ' ; 'to complain ' : dary xi
giuyno uBo vo? ; kwyno n erbynpo:b dim ; kwyno heb iffo ; — esp. ' to
complain of pain or illness ', hence ' to be ailing '.
ky:d, s.m., cyd, S.E.*, in the phrase kadu devaid ar 3 ky:d (O.H.),
' to keep sheep in common and half share '. Cf. also gid a, i gi:dy
ky:d-, a prefix used with verbs in the sense of 'with', e.g. tri:
o bmjon ay -ky:d'tavlyd a i giliby ' three men throwing together '.
ky:d, cyd = cyhyd, cf. D.G. xxv. 24, equative of hi:r, q.v.
-kyd-vynd, v., cydfyned, S.E. [to go together], ' to agree ' :
'kyd'vynd a vo:} ' to agree with him ' ; du i dim 3y 'kyd'vynd afobol
bu:ad 3mma o r s0uB i godi diwtgjad, ' I don't agree with people
coming here from South Wales to start a revival '.
ky*—ky:r 313
ky:b, s., cudd, D.G. cxxviii. 42, ' hiding ': may o dan gy:bt ' he is
in hiding ' (seldom used).
ky:/, s., cyff, D., ' log ' : ky:fdolig, ' Yule log '.
kyl, s.m. =klyl (2) : he:n gyl maur (I.W.).
ky:l, adj., pi. Kiljon, cul, D., ' narrow ' : fe: ky:l, sguyba Kiljon /—
gwal gy:l, ' a thin wall '.
kylbran, s., ' a fallen tree good for nothing but to be burnt ' ; also
a term of reproach : r hem gylbran kaQral! — (O.H.).
kyl-hay, v., culhau, D., ' to make narrow '.
kylx, s.m., pi. folxa, cylch, D. (i) 'circle ', used of bands, etc.,
encircling objects, e. g. ' tire ' (of a wheel), ' hoop ' (of a barrel) :
buru i \9lxa, said of a flouncing woman who gets into a temper ; cf.
the exp. dy:n a d» gatto rhag buru d9 g9l\a a r k0upar dim gartra ;—
kylx am 9 jeyadt kylx o gumpas 9 leyad, ' halo round the moon '. (2)
with the prep. 9n, ' concerning ' (cf. o gumpas) : 9 rjhyl\ 9 pe:B, 9n i
gylx (not often used = am 9pe:B, am dano). Cf. also the phrase dyu
9n d9 gylx / lit. ' God be about thee ', e.g. dyu 9n d? gylx / u:ti n i
xlady hi!, ' good gracious ! you are stowing it away ! ' (i.e. the food).
Ay(t s.pl, sing, kolan, f., coll and cyll, D., ' hazel ' : ko:yd kyl,
' hazel-trees ' , sing, ko'ydan gojan ; fon golan, ' stick of hazel-wood '.
&y:n, s.m., pi. kmjon, cyn, D., ' chisel ' : ky:n brasolt, ' rough-
splitting chisel ' ; ky:n manolt, ' fine-splitting chisel ' ; ky:n kraig,
' rock-chisel ', — all used in slate quarries.
kynnog, s.f., cunnog, D., ' a wooden pail for milking, smaller than
a stem '.
kynt, adv., cynt, D. (i) generally in the form gynt, ' formerly',
' long ago ' : r hem amsar gynt, ' the old days ''. (2) ' before ' : Kf
i 9no gynt( = o r bla:yn), '1 went there before ' ; welifi m ono vo na
xynt na xwedyn, 'I never saw him before or after'. (3) * sooner,
earlier ' : kynt (fovervyB) day dy:n na day vmyb (prov.), 4 two people
will meet sooner than two mountains', i.e. 'perhaps we shall meet
again ' (cf. Irish : casfar daoine le che'ile agus ni chasfar cnuic) ;
meun mi:s a dim kynt, 'in a month and not before'; — usually,
however, in the form 9 rjhynt, e.g. du in myndiywely nhynt heno na
neiBjur, ' I am going to bed earlier to-night than last night ' ; am
na vedrun bu:ad 9 nhynt, ' because I could not come earlier ' ; 9
vhynt na vo:, ' sooner than he '. (4) in the form yy gynt, ' sooner,
earlier ', after a noun expressing time : x^artar aur ?y gynt, ' a
quarter of an hour earlier '. (5) ' quicker ' : may r adag 9m paf'o
y gynt uB i mi 8u:ad i deyd streyon, ' the time goes quicker when
I come and tell stories ' ; Jft'y g9ntad a r gwynt, ' as quick as the
wind ' ; Kiy g9ntad a median, ' as quick as lightning '. See also fanta.
ky:r, s.m., cur, D., ' verberatio, ictus, pulsus ', in the exp. ky:r ;
' headache ' : may gin i gy:r m 9 mhen, ' I have a headache '.
314 kyrlau — kzdeny
kyrlau^ s.m., curlaw, D.G. xliv. 30, ' driving rain' : kyrlau o r de:
duyran (O.K.).
kyro, v., euro, D., ' to beat, knock ' : kyro Karpad. ' to beat a
carpet ' ; kyro (= knokjo) n 9 dru:s, ' to knock at the door ' ; mi ga:6
i gyro n ovnaduy, ' he got a terrible beating ' ; kyro hb'ylan, ' to
hammer a nail ' ; — also ' to beat ' of the heart.
kyrur, s.m., curwr, Isaiah 1. 6, ' beater ' (in hunting).
kysan, s.f., pi. kysana, cusan, D., ' kiss ' ; kysan boppa (boppo), l a
sore on the lips '.
kysany, v., cusanu, D., 'to kiss '.
kyux, cuwch, S.E. = cyfuwch, equative of yx<iZ, — kyux a be: o:y§
0 ft ' how high was it ? ' ; kyux a r klauft, ' as high as the hedge '.
tobaldjan, v., ' to talk nonsensically and disjointedly '.
tobol, s.m., ' nonsense, rubbish ' : he:n grbol!
hbolan, s.f., ' one who talks nonsense '.
hboli, v., cyboli, S.E. (i) 'to talk nonsense, to talk about some-
thing of which one knows nothing ' : peidjux a x&oli, ' don't talk
nonsense ! ' ; do:s o: na di i gyboli, * get away with you with your
nonsense ! ' ; hboli a x?baldjan (ksbaldjan) ar draus i giliS meun
stem (O.H.), ' at it hammer and tongs '. (2) ' to bother ' : wa:yB
1 xi beidjo a x^boli mynd 9no, ' you might just as well not bother to
go there '. (3) * to put out of order, disarrange, make a mess of :
paid a hboh r peQa na ; — may o wedi gsbolt o, ' he has made a hash
of it '. Similarly hboli Keluyb, ' to trump up a lie '.
fo&olur, s.m., cybolwr, S.E., ' one who talks nonsense '.
hby§, s.m., pi. hbdtijon, cybydd, D., ' miser '.
fobtbdod, s., cybydd-dod, D., ' miserliness '.
kyby&jaB, s., cydnabyddiaeth, D., s.v. ' notitia ' ; ' acquaintance ' :
r 0:8 fobtijaB rtoyQo vo: a nhu:.
kMlyd, adj., cybyddlyd, S.E., ' miserly'.
hbtiys, adj., cydnabyddus, D.F. [151]. 22, 'acquainted': r o:n
i n reitgb&ys a vo:, ' I knew him very well ' ; daxiy gafoftys a hunna ?,
* do you know that man ? '
hbznnad, s.f., pi. hbzneidja, cibynaid, R., ' as much as a Kt'bin (q.v.)
will hold' : 6 fabmnad (potatoes) = i saxad(224 Ibs.) ; 8 kdb9nnad
(wheat) = i saxad =244 Ibs. (Bangor measure). Now only used
in measuring potatoes and cockles ; a fabmnad of cockles =
21 quarts ; i basgad gokkos = -| hbznnad. — O.H. Cf. also hobad,
storad.
hdad, s., cyded, G.R. [112]. 5; cydaid, S.E.*, 'bagful'.
hdeny, v., gwdenu, O.P., 'to twist together' (in spinning) =
kndety (O.K.). Cf. D. nyddu 'n wden, s.v. ' contorqueo '.
hdjad — h'froi 315
hdjad, v., cydied = cydio, S.E., 'to catch hold of (= gaval) :
ko^i yaval bary vi 9n 9 pe:6 r oy&un i y hdjad mo vo.
hdjad, s.m., cydiad, D.P.O. 12. 23 [a joining together], 'hold '
(= gaval) : bary mi gay I hdjad 9ni hi, ' I caught hold of it '.
hdjo, v., cydio, D., 'to work together in harmony': ma: nu y
hdjo 0.7 9y g9'ty:n ; — ma na rei t o:ys na Mm hdjo 'arnynu.
hdmary, v., cydmaru, S.E., 'to compare'. A corrupt semi-
literary form, but in frequent use. Cf. cymmharu, D.
hdnabod, v., cydnabod, D., ' to acknowledge ' : bary o Mm
hdnabod, ' he made no acknowledgement '.
hdnabod, s.m., cydnabod, St. Luke ii. 44, 'an acquaintance '.
hdol, s., cydol, D., s.v. ' continenter ', ' continuus ' ; ' whole ' :
tru:y g?dol 9 dy:§, ar hy:d g9dol 9 dy:dy ( all day long '.
hdwybod, s.f., cydwybod, D., s.v. ' conscientia * ; 'conscience*.
kydyn, s.m., pi. fodttia, cudyn, D. (i) 'lock' (of hair), ' tuft ' :
hdyn o wa:lt ; — may i wa:ft o n myndifurb yygydma ; — also applied
to the 'beard' of a fish, e.g. of Motella mustela. (2) ' whisp ' :
hdyn o we:U i §e\ra ta:n : — do:s i no:l hdyn o we:^t medi i da/ 9
Kefyl, i.e. by enticing the horse to eat it (O.H.); — esp. in hay-
making, ' a lump of wet or green hay caked together ' : mi n'e'iB 9
hdyn gly:b, wedi knava, luydo — mi ne'i'6 9 hdyn gla:s go\i (O.H.).
fobarab, s.f., ? cynddaredd, D., ' rabies, furor, insania ' — ma na riu
gtfarad §ru:g m 9 plant, said of children who have been up to some
mischief (O.K.).
hfelib, adj., cyffelyb, D. ; cf. kyffelib, L.A. 73. 38, 'like'.
hfinja, s.pl., cf. cyffin, D. ; — cyffinieu, B.C. 147. 21, 'neighbour-
hood ' : ay rtfafinja kappal Kerig, ' in the neighbourhood of Capel
Curig ' (O.H.).
hfjo, v., cyffio, D., s.v. ' dirigeo'; ' to be benumbed ', to "go to
sleep " (of limbs) ; also used of the effect produced by knocking the
funny-bone : mi drawis 9 mnhelin nes may 9 mrayx wed* hfjo.
k9fl9by, v., cyrTelybu, D.°; cyphlybu, G.R. [117]. 7. (i) 'to
liken ' : -r oyftanu y gneyd r y: va:B a givyba — ve{y 9du iy hfl9by nu,
' they were making a noise like geese — that is what I liken them to '.
(2) ' to think, imagine ' : wedihflaby mod i wedi gweld bugan (O.H.).
hfredin, adj., cyffredin, D., 'common' : smnuyr hfrcdin, 'common
sense ' ; pobol gzfredin, ' common people ' ; ru:in 9n dal_a\ na r
hfredin, ' some one taller than people generally are ' ; 9y g9fredin^
' generally '.
h/ro, s.m., cyffro, D., ' agitation, anxiety, commotion ' : may r
pentra meun hfro maur.
h'/roi, v., cyffroi, D., ' to agitate, cause anxiety ' : wedi h'froi
n i vedul, ' upset '.
3 1 6 krfroys — tomdogaQ
krfroys, adj., cyffrous, D., s.v. * indignabundus ', ' tragicus ',
* tumultuosus ' ; 'agitated': golug h'froys arno vo ; — edrax ?y
gdfro:ys.
hfur, v., cyffwrdd, D., ' to touch '. Seldom used (= tutfad, tutfo),
but occurs in fig. sense : l&fur a i galon o, ' to touch his heart .'
fofilog, s.m., cyffylog, D., ' woodcock ' (Scolopax rusticula) : nid
an o:l i bi:g may prmny kafalog (prov.), i.e. ' one must not judge by
outward appearances '. O.H. has also gsflog.
hfertys, adj., cyfFyrddus; comfforddus, T.N. 72. 15, 'com-
fortable ' : kadar gtfirtys ; — may n re't't gtfsrfys smma.
hxjad, s., cychaid, S.E. (i) ' boatful '. (2) ' hiveful ' : hxjad o
wenyn.
, s.m., cychwr, D., s.v. ' lintrarius ' ; ' boatman '.
, sometimes kuxuyn, v., cychwyn, D., ' to start ' : mi bzla
vo gsxuyn ne mi eiB zn no:s arno vo, ' he ought to start or it will be
getting dark* ; hxuyn ar vry:s maur, 'to start in a great hurry' ;
hxuyn ar o:l doktor, ' to start off for a doctor ' ; may hmny n agor
d dru:s i g*xuyn, ' that enables one to make a start ' (fig.) ; do:s
alan ! hxuyn /, ' out you go ! ' ; ar gaxuyn, ' fidgety, restless ' ; may
hi vel tani ar g^xuyn^ ' we are in a mess ' (said of an untidy room) ;
— trans. : hxuyn 9 prikja, ' to set the chips alight ' ; — inf. used
substantively : rhoi hxuyn ido vo, ' to give him a push off ' ; my
k3xuyn kmta, ' at the very beginning, at the first start ' ; / o:ys na
dim kzxuyn arm hi, ' she has no " go " in her '.
, hxunjad, s.m., cychwyniad, Num. x. 28, * start': rhoi
i ru:in, * to give some one a start ' (fig. sense).
, adj., kylchoc, W.LI. ix. 36, 'having stripes all round':
, s.m., cylchwr, O.P., 'hooper'.
, v., cylchu, D., « to hoop '.
, s.m., cylchyn, D., s.v. * circuitus ' : ' hoop ' (toy).
tolvat, s.m., ' culvert '.
hlaQ, s.f., pi. hli6, cyllell, D., ' knife ' : lavn, karn folaQ, l blade,
handle of a knife j folaB wair, ' hay-knife"' ; hlad gerig (in slate
quarries), ' an instrument for squaring sglodjon ' ; mynd vel folaQ
bo:y& tru: venyn, said of one who squanders his money ; bla:yn 9
gzlaB (fig.), ' the thin end of the wedge ' ; krtad (9) mo:r, ' razor-
shell ' (Solen) = morgrtaO.
kamdeiBas, s.f., cymdeithas, D., s.v. ' societas'; ' society' : fe'trjo
fomde'iQas hevo pobol, ' to have social intercourse with people ' ; vel
da vo Sim if'o dx tomdeiQas x*\ ' as if he did not want your society '.
hmdogas, s.f., cymmydoges, D., s.v., 'vicina'; ' neighbour'.
hmdogaB, sv cymmydogaeth, D., s.v. ' vicinitas ' ; cymdogaeth,
B.C. 58. 24, ' proximity, neighbourhood'.
hmdogol — hmonas 3 1 7
kamdogol, adj , cymmydogawl, D., s.v. ' vicinalis ' ; ' neighbourly '.
kamerjad, s.m., pi. kamerjada, s.m., cymmeriad, D. (i) 'character*.
(2) applied to persons, hem gtmerjad, * an old character '. (3) fhoi
mu:y, jai o gamerjad (in ploughing), ' to broaden or narrow the
furrow by means of the ratchet ' (O.H.). (4) * tenancy ' : gano vo:
may hmerjad a (y:.
kammal, s.m., pi. hmala, cymmal, D., 'joint'.
hmmal, v-» cymmell, D. Fut. hmheja, * to compel '.
kammyd, k(a)meryd, v., cymmeryd, D. Fut. kamma, k(a)mera.
Pret. S. i. kammis, k(a)meris, 3. fommod, &h}merod. PI. i. kamson,
2. hmsox, 3. hmson. Imperf. kammun, k(a)merun. Plup. hmsun,
kmasun. Imperative kamma, kammar, kym ; kammu\, k(a}meru\.
Pret. Pass, kammuyd, ' to take ' (the forms kamryd, kamra, etc.,
are common at Bangor) : mi gammob 9 fy6yr odj'ar i vraud, ' he
took the letter from his brother'; Kimmint vedar dy:n gzmeryd o
wair uQ i dori a fladyr^ 'as much as a man can take (i.e. reach)
of hay in mowing it with a scythe ' ; d un i dim be gamma i
am rieyd o, ( I don't know what (money) I will take to do it ' ;
xwtmun i lawar a i fyiay i x*> ' I would not clean it for you for
a great deal ' ; \ammun i 'dim am dano, ' I would not part with
it for anything ' ; xmasun i lawar a \erbad i gonuy heno a xmasa
xi&a \wai6, na neyBax?, 'I would not walk to Conway to-night
for a great deal, and you would not either, would you?' (E.J.);
\zmsun i btm well's t ri'o:yd a i \oli hi, ' I should rather anything
than have lost it ' ; — in various phrases : hmmyd amsar i rieyd
ru&ati, ' to take time to do something ' ; fommyd bendtg, ' to borrow ' ;
hmmydgovol, ' to take care ' ; fammydmantais ar, ' to take advantage
of; hmmydsyluar, 'to take notice of; hmmyd an wgavn, 'to
take lightly ' ; hmmyd 9 go:ys, ' to run away ' ; fammyd an i ben, ' to
get into one's head ' ; i hmmyd nu at i giliS, ' on the whole ',
* taking them all together ', so also a i gammy d o i gi:d ; — of eating
or drinking: 'gammuxi gapanad o de: ? — 'to take, stand, endure' :
•gammanu glut?, ' \\ill they stand patching?' — followed by ar, 'to
pretend ' : kammyd arno gasgy, ' to pretend to be asleep ' ; / oy& o
dim ay kammyd arno vod o n da:lf, 'he did not "let on" that he
understood ' ; — also / adi o dim ay kameryd arno, ' he does not show
it' (e.g. grief).
kammyn, s.m., cymmun, D., ' communion ' : kammyd t gammyn.
kammysg, adj., cymmysc, Lev. xix. 19, 'mixed together' : bvy n
gammysg hevo beru du.r, ' to grow mixed with watercress ' ; bara
kammysg \baro\ ; gla:u ag eiray gammysg, ' rain and snow mixed ' ;
tu:yb kammysg = tu:yb kamasglyd.
kamodi, v., cymmodi, D., ' to become reconciled ', ' to make
it up '.
kamonas; kumonas (O.H.); kamanas (J.J.), s.f.; cf. cymanes, M.F.
3 1 8 krm0ut — kmdyn
(i) term applied to a frisky cow : may hon an he:n gzmonas o he:n
vyux (E.J.). (2) ' mistress ' : dmas ?n kalyn dy:n heb vynd tru:y
briodas (J.J. ; O.H.) ; — as term of reproach : kumonas o he:n dmas
(O.H.). "
krmmt, s., in phr. ar 3 krmaut, * gadding about, wandering
about '.
k9m0uta ; also knm0uta (I.W.), v., ' to wander about ' : le: 'by:osti?
ktm0uta hyd 9 van; — tomvuta ar o:l riu he:n bavod ; — mi g9m0utis
tru: r dy:d ar i ho: I ; — ksm0uta am fosgod; — k9m0uta o r nail dy: i r
lal i hel stra:s.
fom'ra:ig, s., Cymraeg, 'the Welsh language', f. in general as
9 g3m'ra:ig, but m. when followed by adjectives and denoting a piece
or style of Welsh as ksm'ra:ig gwa.yl, da:, etc. ; sy gwra.'ig, ' in
Welsh ' ; medry ksm'ra:ig, ' to know Welsh ' ; ksm'ra:ig go wa:yl
s gini hi, ' her Welsh is rather bad '.
kam'ra.'ig, adj., Cymraeg, ' Welsh '. Generally applied to the
Welsh language as sr jaiB gwra:ig, geirja hm'ra:tg, — but some-
times otherwise.
ksnrrays, s.f., pi. tomryesa, Cymraes, G.R. (13). 12, 'Welsh-
woman '.
hm-reig, adj., Cymreig, G.R. 5. 8, ' Welsh ', but not used when
speaking of the language.
hmretgab, adj., Cymreigaidd, G.R. (12). 16, 'Welshy': le:
tomreigab jaun, ' a place where the Welsh element is strong '.
fomro, s.m., pi. fomry, Cymro, ' Welshman ' : ksmro gla:n (gloyii),
1 a thorough Welshman ' ; tomro o wa:yd, 'a Welshman by parentage*.
famry, s.f., Cymru, * Wales '.
kamuynas, s.f., cymmwynas, D. (i) ( an act of kindness, a good
turn, a favour ' : net di g^muynas ba:x hevo vi ?, ' will you do me
a favour ? ' (2) ' work, occupation ' : ble:r 3n zgsmuynas (= wai&\
O.H.
fomzdog, s.m., pi. hmdogjon, cymmydog, D., « neighbour '.
hmslog, adj., cymmylog, D., s.v. 'nubilus' ; ' cloudy'.
raQ, s.f., ? cymyrraeth, D., ' arrogantia ', etc. : m laun o
dru:g, ' full of meddlesomeness ' (O.H.) ; gneyd rubaB o
dru:g, ' to do something from a spirit of meddlesomeness '
(O.H.). Cf., however, mwaB.
hmdsglyd, adj., cymysclyd, Wisd. xiv. 25, ' mixed ' : tu.yb
hmssglyd, ' heavy showers and wind interspersed with sunshine '.
, s.f., cymmyscfa, B.C., 87. 10, ' medley, mixture'.
, v., cymmysgu, D., ' to mix '.
kmdyn, adj., cyndynn, D., 'obstinate '.
hndmruyb — kmnig 319
hndmruyb, s.m., cyndynrwydd, D., ' obstinacy '.
kn&lirjog, hnMirig, adj., cynddeiriog, D., ' raving, mad, wild ' :
Ki: kmteirjog, ' mad dog '. — As intensifying adverb : da: gwMirjog,
« devilishly good '. Cf. fortogt.
kmfonna^ h/onja, hfonjo \kumfonnd\.
kmhaljaQ, s., cynhaliaeth, Acts xii. 20, 'maintenance, sustenance ' :
/ o:s gmo vo 8im arjan at i gmhaljaQ.
kmfarvjad, krwrvjad, s.m., cynnhyrfiad, St. John v. 3, 'commotion,
agitation '.
hnfarvlyd, adj., cynhyrflyd, ' agitated, excited ' : r 0:6 o n edrax
yy gmhzrvlydjaun.
hnforvy, kwrvy, v., cynnhyrfu, D., s.v. 'excito'. (i) 'to excite,
agitate ' : dgest i kmhzrvy nu (of a dog barking at sheep) ; ' to be
excited, agitated ' : r 0:8 o wedi knarvy n aru jaun. (2) ' to be
moved, stirred ' : du i wedi kayl 3 nhmharvy i vynd.
kmfarvys, adj., cynhyrfus, S.E., ' excited, agitated, exciting*.
kmivar, cynnifer, D., only in expressions like 0:8 na lawar o
bobol? 0:8 na dippin o gmivar (O.H.), 'were there many people?
There were a considerable number '.
hnleidva, s.f., pi. fonleidva:o8, cynnulleidfa, D. ; cynlleidfa, D.F.
[46]. °i5, ' congregation '.
fonna, v., cynne and cynneu, D., ' to kindle': ma: r tarn ?y
kmna ( = du:ad), ' the fire is burning up ' ; kmna ta:n = gola fo:n,
' to light a fire '.
kmnal) v., cynnal, D., ' to maintain, support '.
kmnar, adj., cynnar, D., ' early ' : rhaid i \i godi n voreyax vory
gad i \t votjo y gznnar, ' you must get up earlier to-morrow so as
to vote early ' ; 9n gnara\ ne huyra\} ' sooner or later ' ; tattus
kmnar, ' early potatoes '.
kmnas, adj., comp. knesax, cynnes, D. (i) ' warm ' : du:r kmnas,
ierwyb kmnas , etc. ; mi gadwi'B hmny vo y gznnas, ' that will keep it
warm '. (2) ' warm-hearted ' : merx gmnas.
kmnig, v., cynnyg, D., s.v. 'offero'. Fut. S. i. kwgfa. Imperf.
S. i. kwgjun; knikjun (O.H.). Pret. S. i. kwgts, 2. kmgist, 3. kwgjob.
Pi. i. knskson, etc. Pluperf. kmksun. Imperative: knsgja; kwgjux.
Pret. Pass, knikjuyd (J.J.). Forms in i for 9 are common in all
tenses, ' to offer ' : kmnig bu:yd i ru:in ; kmnig bu:yd a r bu:yd
m 3 kuppurb, { to offer food in the hope that it will not be accepted ' ;
a similar idea is expressed by hnnig ar hy:d brayx ; — ' to make an
offer of marriage ' : kmnig (prjodf).
kmnig, s.m., pi. kwgjon, knigjon, cynnyg, R. (i) ' offer * : dsmma
r kmnig ola i x/, ' this is the last offer ' ; er mu:yn i \i gad kmnig
arno vo wedyn, ' so as to get it offered you again '. (2) ' attempt ' —
3 2 o kmnil — kmvigan
hence ' time ' : luybo, meQy bo:b fonm'g, ' to succeed, fail every time ' ;
may o n disgin i u le: bo:b kmnig ; — may o n i hitjo hi bo:b kmm'g.
kmnily adj., cynnil, D., ' thrifty, sparing ' : ksmmyd o y gmnil
jaun, ' to take it very sparingly '.
kmnur, s.m. (pi. krvrvfada), cynnwrf, D. ; cynnwr, P.G.G. 200. 4,
' disturbance, fuss, ado ' : dsmma gmnur maur am roi tippin o lo: ar
9 ta:n /
kmnuys, adj., cynnwys, D., ' confined ' : le: kmnuys. Cf. kunnus.
kmnyfty s., cynnydd, D., 'increase'.
kmnyl, v., cynnull, D., ' to gather together ' : kmnyly:d, 'to bind
corn in sheaves' (JJ.; O.H.); pren kmnyl, 'an instrument for
gathering corn ' (J.J.).
kmnyrx, s.m., pi. kmrxjon, cynnyrch, D., 'produce': byu ar
gmnyrx * ti:r.
kmron, kmdron, km&ron, knonod, knornod, s.pl., sing, knonyn,
knornyn, m., cynrhawn, sing, cynrhonyn, D. ; cynron, W.B., col.
107. 26, 'maggots': may o n vyu o gnornod, 'it is alive with
maggots ' ; may o vel ta knonod 9no vo, said of a fidgety child.
kmstdro, kmdro v., considrio, B.C. 141. 7,' to consider': 9dt\
fonst'dro, ' it is, considering ' ; a xwsidro bo:d, ( considering that '.
kmta, adj., adv., cyntaf, D. (i) l first': bora fonta, ' very early
in the morning' (= bem bora gla:s) ; am 9 tro: kmta, 'for the first
time ' j Keru'xi: wa y gwta, mi do: inna dna tok, ' you go first, I'll
come presently ' ; kmta doifi amma, ' when I first came here ' ; paub
am 3 hnta, ' all trying to be first ' ; rhedag am 9 tonfa, ' to run in
emulation, to race '. (2) ' soonest ' ; also conj. ' as soon as ' : gora
pey gmta, ' the sooner the better ' ; kmta 'deyQonu, ' as soon as they
came ' ; dikka (n 3 by:d} bo: r Keiljog, kmta by:d (= n 2 by:d) s ka:n
o (prov.), ' the angrier the cock is, the sooner he crows ' [di:g\ ;
kmta by:d 9 'medranu, l as soon as ever they could '. (3) ' quickest ' :
muya draux kmta by:d (= by&] 'korftuxi, 'the more you thump the
quicker you churn ' (i. e. with a fyda gnok) ; hon 3di r for gmta,
4 this is the quickest way '. — Cf. kynt.
kmtretvjo, htreivjo, v., contreifio, T.N. 121. 30, 'contrive'.
kmtflivjol) fotreivjol, adj., from Eng. contrive, ' economical, well-
managing ' =iforbjol. Opp. dzveQgar.
kmtyn, s.m., cyntun, D., ' nap '.
kmvas, fovnaSy hvas, s.f., pi. bnvasa, fovnasa, k(9)vasa, kynfas,
W.S. [Kanuas] ; cynfaseu (pi.), B.C. 94. 29 ; cynfas, G.O. i. 26. 6,
' sheet ' (of a bed) ; also ' a sheet for threshing on ' : darny ar 9
kwnas = d^rny ar 9 gur&ban (O.H.). Cf. kar&an.
kmvigan, s., kynuigen, W.B., col. 72. 34 ; cynfigen, cenfigen,
D., ' envy ' : may li:d a xwvigan 9n la:d i perxmnog (prov.), ' wrath
hnyn — hrnol 321
and envy slay their possessors ' ; m drewi o bngjoni a fy:d a \9nvigan
(O.H.). Not often used colloquially = gwenwyn.
kmyn, s.m., 'a solitary, friendless individual' (I.W.); vel hnyn
ar i ben i hy:n (I.W.).
fonrty, v., cynnyddu, D., ' to increase ' : may r teyly y fawdy ; —
rhag i r kasgal (gathering) gmriy a mynd m wa:y6.
hnngaQ, s.f., cynnysgaeth, D.; l dowry, marriage portion ' (of a
man or woman).
fayor, s.m., cynghor, D. ( i ) pi. hyhorjon, ' advice ' : fayor da:, —
{hoi hyor, hyhorjon, ' to give advice '. (2) pi. fayhora : ' council '.
faply, v., 'to couple ' : day voxyn wedi kzply.
hpbsy, v., kwplyssy, W.S. [Couple]; cjplyssu, G.R. 58. 3, • to
attach with a kuplus (q.v.).
tops, fa/s, s.pl., sing, fapsan, hfsan, f., 'cuffs'. Sing, also fap, fa/t m.
farad ; sometimes &ry$, v., cyrraedd, cyrredd, etc., D. Fut.
kreyfta, knfta. Trans, (i) 'to reach' : dros de:g ay farad i gwely,
' not getting to bed till after ten ' ; gwarOag heb gwab drvluyb,
' cattle under two years old ' ; Kin farad na:u, ' under nine years of
age '. Intr. (2) ' to reach, stretch out the hand (towards) ' : kreybux
at 9 tattus, ' have some potatoes ' ; krey$u\ at nakku Kin 80 vo diri^
'have some of that before it gets cold'. (3) 'to reach, extend':
may r gair yy farad zm bel jaun, ' the word admits of a very wide
application '. — Substantively meun farad, alan o gtrab, l within
reach, out of reach '.
farans, ksraintf, farant/", s.pl., ' currants '.
fardogi, v., cynddeiriogi, D., s.v. ' furo ', ' rabio ' ; ' to be in a rage,
fury '.
hrjalun, hrnjalun, knnjalun \knjalun\.
farxy, v., cyrchu, D. (i) ' to make for ' : be dir minin (meaning)
bod nu y farxy at ? ty: aku / ; may paub 3y farxy gartra ; farxy at 3
ywaiQ . (2) ' to fetch ' : farxy du:r dros avon (prov.), 'to go a
long way for what can be got close at hand'. (3) ' to gather together':
farxy arjan at i gilft ; farxy devaid at 9 ty: ; farxy haid o ivyda.
hrlays, adj., said of a skirt which hangs lower on one side than
on another.
farljad, s.m., cwrliad, C.L.C. v, vi. 67. 22, 'curl ': hrljad ar i
dalkan o.
hrljog, adj., ' curly '.
hrnady, knady, v., cyrnadu, S.E., ' to cry, howl, bawl ' (as of
people quarrelling, etc.).
farnan, s., curnen, D., * a round rick of corn, etc.' : farnan y:d
(py:df)> gwair, rhedyn ;-—daxi wedi kay 9\ farnan in reit da:, * you
have feathered your nest ' ; — ?y grun vel farnan.
farnot, s.m., Eng. coronel, ' coloner.
1432 Y
322 farnoni — kastal
kzrnoni, v., cynrhawni, D., « to breed maggots ',
hrnoppyn, s.m., cf. cyrnopyn, M.F. 67. 18, ' whipper-snapper ':
taxi r hem gsrnoppyn ba:\! (O.H.); — also used as an endearing
term to babies : hrnoppyn annuyl 1 (O.H.).
ksrtan, s.m., pi. tortoM/ta, kwrten gwely, W.S. [Curten], ' curtain '.
O.H. uses this word for ' blind '.
krsakt, adj., Eng. exact, ' punctual '.
kssamjo, v., Eng. examine, ' to examine, look into '.
hsat, s., ' gusset ' = kufat.
hseiljad, s., ceseiliad, R., ' as much as can be carried under the
arms '.
krse:t, s., cf. cynset, G.O. ii. 72. 26, Eng. conceit, * fastidiousness ' :
/ o:ys gmo vo dim mzmryn o gyse:t ; t o:ys na dim h'se:t 9no vo.
fosetlyd, adj., 'faddy, old-maidish, particular, full of whims,
eccentric '.
kssgadyr, s., cysgadur, D., s.v. 'indormio'; 'sleeper'. Also
used adjectivally and adverbially : durnod fosgadyr, ' a " sleepy "
day ' ; ma n dnmmad kssgadyr, ' it is " sleepy " weather ' — O.H.
Cf. F.N. 30 (62).
fosgod, s.m., pi. hsgodjon, cysgod, D. (i) 'shadow'; fosgod 9
vra:n, 'the shadow of the crow'. (2) 'shade, shelter' : 9 ly: sy
yhssgod 9 koyd na, ' the house in the shelter of those trees ' ; m
tegad 9r hayl ag wj ghasgod 9 gwynt, ' in the sun and sheltered from
the wind '. (3) ' shade ' (for an eye). (4) said of doing something
in secret : 9 wraig 9ti rhanny pe6 zy ghzsgod i gu:r, 'the wife giving
away something without her husband's knowledge '. (5) said of
doing something in the "shade" of some one, i.e. by making him
a pretext : gneyd rubaQ 9n i x^got i, ' to make her a pretext for
doing something '. (6) said of doing something under the " shadow ",
i. e. the aegis, the protection of some one else : du i am gad ? ywair
an 9x kssgod x*, i. e. in the fine weather you are sure to have at your
command (facetiously).
hsgodt, v., cysgodi, D., 'to shade, shelter': may fomzla n i
gssgodi o, ' it (the sun) is behind the clouds '.
hsgy, v., cysgu, D. Imperative hsga, 'to sleep': k»sgy vel
moxyn, ' to sleep like a top ' ; rhuy hsgy agefro, ' between sleeping
and waking ' ; hsgy n hu.yr dary m', ' I overslept myself ' ; may n
sukro i x* g^gy, ' it sends you off to sleep ' ; mi gzsgax ta drolja n
mynd -drostaxiy ' you would sleep if carts were running over you ' ;
hsgy alan (fig.), 'to be in the grave'; as subst. : du i y koli
yfosgy, ' I lose my sleep ' ; kssgy luynog, ' simulated sleep ' : — used
of limbs "going to sleep": may nrho:yd 9y kasgy (cf. kzfjo)* —
used of the stump of a tree rotting in the ground and transformed
into touch-wood (O.H.).
tostal, kastlad, adj., adv., cystal, D. ; cf. cystled, D.P.O. 274. 7,
bstyb — bBral 323
* as good, as well, etc.' (equative of da:) : r oybun i n smny ivo:d o
fos/a/, * I was astonished he was so good ' ; may o gislal a ne:b am
dmny [injat ' he is as good as any one for taking photographs ' ; mi
feyijpttal klystan ge:J ' i -ri:oydt ' I got as good a box on the ears
as ever I got ' ; may hynna y gtstal a deyd . . ., * that is as good as
saying ...',' that amounts to saying . . .' ; / idi o dim in edra\
bstal ag o:yb o, l he does not look as well as he did ' ; dim 9n medry
farad bstal a */;, l unable to speak as well as you '.
hstyb, s., cystudd, D., ' afflictio ' ; in the exp. gwely bstyb, ' sick
bed '.
bsyr, s.m., pi. hsyrvn, cyssur, D., 'comfort, consolation ' : / o:ys
na dim bsyr o nwwyd, 1 1 lead a miserable life '.
hsyro, v., cyssuro, D., ' to comfort '.
hsyrysy adj., cyssurus, D., 'comfortable' (e.g. as to circum-
stances) : sy da\i he&ju ? wi:r, may n reit g*syrys arna i ; — ma:
by:d bsyrys arno vo, ' he is in easy circumstances '.
tlfjad, s.m., pi. ktsyfljada, cyssylltiad, D., * connection ' ;
* relations ', in such expressions as " friendly relations ".
hs9fy'olt adj., cysylltiol, S.E.*, ' united ' : dal *y gxrtljol (O.H.).
kzstlty) v., cyssylltu, D., ' to unite ' : hs^ly day be:B a i &ilib ; day
gwai'l ?y kwliy a tgilti.
ht, s., Eng. cut : tori bt, ' to cut a dash '.
kstinjad, s.m., cyttuniad, S.E., * agreement ' : -oydanu wedi attab
9n jaun i r htinjad ?, 'were they (the articles) in accordance with
the agreement ? '
htteu, adj., ' stiff, thick ' (of liquids) : may la:y& kadu n mynd ry
gztteuy ' milk which is left to stand becomes stiff ' ; may r tattus wedi
berwi y gitteu, ' the potatoes have been boiled to a " mush ", to a
thick liquid '.
lu-ty:n, adj., cyttun, D., ' in agreement': may paub ?y grlym.
fotyndab, s.m., cyttundeb, D., 'agreement': htyndab prjodas^
* betrothal '.
btyno, v., cyttuno, D., c to agree '.
hQral, s.m., pi. bOre'tljad, cythraul, D., ' devil ' (cf. djaul) : mynd
vel ka:B i gsQral, ' to go like a flash ' ; do:s hy;d 9 hQral, ' go to the
devil ' ; may kd&ral ?no vo meun kroyn dy:n, ' he is a devil incarnate ' ;
muya 'fadu\i am gzBral nesa m by:d dau o 'atto\i (prov.) ' talk of the
devil, he's sure to appear'; xuuara te:g i r hBral [djaul], — as term
of reproach : ksBral o by:n ydi o ; ksQral kluybog, etc., — implying
rage, fury, etc. : r 0:8 o n 9 kyQral, ar gtvn i grtral ; — kodi r kdBral
maur, ' to make a terrible row ' ; — as name of implements : bBral
gwair, ' American tumbler ' ; bQwl gwla:n, ' machine for carding
wool ' ; — in animal and plant names bBral 9 mo:r} 4 fishing-frog or
Y 2
324 kz&reilig — hv'Aljorm
angler-fish ' (Lophius piscatorius) ; pren kas gan grtral, ' spindle-
tree ' (Euonymus europseus) ; pervad °9 hBral, ' the convolvulus '.
hBre'ih'g, adj., cythreulig, D., ' devilish ' ; ' furious '.
faBryt v., cythru, S.E. (i) ' to snatch ' : faBry n 0uxys, ' to
snatch greedily ' ; hBry r kubul. (2) ' to do a thing hurriedly ' :
mi krtroS o. (3) ' to bolt ' (of food) = slafjo, foukjo. (4) ' to
rush ' : krtry ido vo a i danny n i o:l, e. g. of some one going into
danger ; leidar dy faBry i x*, ' a thief bursting out upon you '.
hBrabljo, v., cythryblu, D. ; cythryblio, Acts xvi. 20 ; B.C. 1 16. 18,
' to disturb, disquiet, upset ' : kqyl i boini gin riu brovadigaB.
foBnblys, kuBnblys, adj., cythryblus, D., s.v. ' conturbatus ' ;
' agitated, perturbed ' : may o y guBrzblys jaun m i vedul, m meBy
kadu i vedul oru& peB (O.K.).
fova, kman, adj. and s.m., pi. kmeyon, cyfa and cyfan, D. ; cyfa,
G.R. 48. 6; W.LI. vi. 39; B.C. 86. 21, 'whole': avol, mo\yn
kma ; — bytta peBa sy gaveyon (J . J.), ' to eat things whole ' ; ar 3
kwan, ' on the whole ' ; dma r hva tan da:u o, ' that's all (e. g. the
milk) till he comes ' ; 2 kman o:l, ' the whole '.
kwaSa, v., cyfaddef, D., ' to confess '.
kyuail, s.m., pi. fove'tyon, cyfaill, D., ' friend ' —frind.
kmansobjad, s.m., cyfansoddiad, D., ' constitution ' (referring to
the body).
kwar, s., cyfer, D., in ar gdvar. (i) 'against', in phrases like
* against his coming ' : mi do:0 o adra ag ifo bu:yd arno vo, ond d
o:yb dim ar i g3var o, ( he came home hungry, but there was no food
ready for him ' ; darpary ar gzvar r ha:> ' to prepare for the
summer '. (2) ' opposite ' : ar gwar zr eval, ' opposite the smithy '.
kwar, s.m., pi. favors, Eng. cover, (i) 'table-cloth' (made of
cloth, etc., as distinguished from U:an burb, ' a white table-cloth ').
(2) 'cover, small wood'.
fovarx, v., cyfarch, D., ' salute ' : dary mi gwarx o a deyd dy:$
da: ixi-
hvarxwal, s.f., cyfarchwel, D., ' a shelter, place of safety used in
quarries at blasting time'; also ka:l y:d (etc.) tgwarxwal rhag 9
derwyb — used by old people (J.J.).
kmarB, v., cyfarth, D., ' to bark ' : kmarB paub, favarB at baub,
' to bark at every one ' ; kadu Ki: a wvarB V3 hynan, ' to keep a
servant and do all the work myself '.
kwaruyb, adj., cyfarwydd, D., ' acquainted ', followed by a.
ksvarvod \kwarvod\.
hvetljorn, s., cyfeiliorn, DM s.v. ' error ', in phr. myndar gmeiljorn,
* to go astray ' ; mi a:B o fanny vedra gmeiljorn, ' he went as fast
as his legs could carry him ' ; mynd nerB i gsvetljorn.
kweiljorni, v., cyfeiliorni, D., ' to go astray '.
— krunewidjad 325
s., cyfeillach, D., ' friendship ' : mynd i gyvfifax dy:n
araf. — Sometimes used for sfiat.
kwe'ifear, adj., cyfeillgar, M.LI. ii. 13. 17, * friendly'.
hveirjad, kweirjad, s.m., cyfeiriad, D., s.v. « directio ' ; ' direction' :
9m mho:b hveirjad.
krue'irjo, kwe'irjo, v., cyfeirio, D., s.v. ' dirigo '. (i) ' to make for ' :
/' b le: daxi y hveirjo ? (2) ' to refer (to) ' : at be: daxi y hveirjo ?
krvelin, s., cyfelin, D., ' cubitus, ulna ' ; pu:ys gwelin = pympuys
ba:x o wla:n (O.H.).
krverbyny adv., cyferbyn, D., ' opposite ' : krverbyn a r ty:. Cf.
kuderbyn.
hverbmjoli adj., cyferbyniol, S.E., 'opposing; on the opposite
side '.
kwino, v., cynnefino, D., ' to be accustomed ' : may o wedi hem
gmino (a ru&ati), ' it is an ingrained habit with him '. Also transi-
tively ' to make accustomed, to acclimatize ' : ktvino devaid.
kwiy, adj., kyving, G.C. 116. 4; cyfing, G.R. [m]. 10; cyfyng,
D., 'narrow' = ky:l ; — ar i gwiy g^yor, 'hesitating'. Cf. W.B.
col. 46. 30; G.R. 6. 8; D., s.v. 'aporia'; B.C. 6. 13.
kyvktj kovla^ s.m., cyfle, D., ' opportunity ' : mi ga:ni grula etto,
' we shall have another opportunity ' ; lummy d mantas ar 9 tovta,
' to take advantage of the opportunity '; pen weliB o i gsvla, ' when
he sees his chance ' ; bo:b krvla ga: vo, ' whenever he got the
chance '.
kwlaB, s.m., cyflaith, D., ' treacle toffee '.
kwlaun, adj., cyflawn, D., ' complete, entire ' : mi dalis {do vo y
gwlaun, ' I paid him in full '.
krvlenwad, s.m., cyflenwad, S.E., ' an ample supply '.
krvlfys, adj., cyfleus, i Mace. xi. 37, 'convenient'. Cf. huylys.
kmleystra, hvlystra, s.m., cyfleusdra, G.O. ii. 22. 13; T.N. 158.
i, ' opportunity ' : a\yb 9 kzvleystra, ' to seize the opportunity'.
kavlo, adj., pi. kyvleyon, cyflo, D., ' in calf : byuxgrulo.
kwlog, s.m., pi. kruloga, kloga, cyflog, D., ' wages ' : dy:n dan
gwlog bbnsbol.
kwlogi [klogi'].
kyvlenindar^ s.m., cyflawnder, D., ' abundance '.
kwleuni, v., cyflowni, G.R., 66. 6 ; cyflawni, D., ' to fulfil ' :
kmteunii d&ewid ; ga&o pe:Q a xwlwni.
hvlym, adj., cyflym, D., ' quick '. Not often used = by:an,/ast,
kwit, xwim, Pr>3syrifarP'
kyunewidjad) s.m., pi. krvnewidjada, cyfnewidiad, D., s.v. 'mutatio';
4 change '.
326 hvnewidjol — hvarduy
kzvnewidjol, adj., cyfnewidiol, D., s.v. ' mutabilis ' ; ' changeable ' :
terwyb ksvnewidjol ; dy:n hvnewidjol i veftul.
hvnod, s.m., cyfnod, D., ' time, period of time ' : m ^ kwnod na;
kdvnod o d0wy§ bra:v.
kmog, s.m., cyfog, D., * vomiting ' : may n btgon i godi kmog ar
ru:in, ' it is enough to make one sick ' ; mi do:0 9 kwog arna /', ' I
was sick ' ; kwog gwa:g, ' ineffectual retching '.
kwogi, v., cyfogi, D., ' to vomit '.
kmoyB, hvoOt s., cyfoeth, cy woeth, D., ' riches '.
kwran, s.f., pi. kwranna, cyfran, D., ' share '.
kmraQ, s.f., pi. hvre'iOja, cyfraith, D., ' law ' : rnynd i aval (?)
gwraB, ' to get within the grasp of the law ' ; gneyd rubaB 9n wymmad
9 g9vraB (O.H.), ' to defy the law ' ; ay yaval hvraO i da:d, ' still
subject to his father's authority ' ; ta:d sy ghavraQ, ' father-in-law ' ;
* stepfather '.
kwreiQlon, adj., cyfreithlon, D., s.v. ' legitimus ' ; ' lawful ' :
luybyr kwreiQlon, ' right of way '.
fovri, v., cyfrif, D. (i) * to count ' : kavri d&ja, arjan, etc.
(2) 'to account, consider' : ma nu y gwri vo n ja:\ jaun, ' it is
considered very wholesome '.
fovriy s.m., pi. kwrivon, cyfrif, D. (i) ' amount ' : da\i y kovjo
9 kwri?, ' do you remember how many you have ? ' (2) ' account ' :
rhoi kdvri ar, ' to make account of, to esteem ' ; rhoi krvri o, ' to
give account of ' ; du i §im ifr& ar y:n kwri . . ., * I don't want on
any account . . .' ; may hi n mynd ty dra:u i gmrt, * it is beyond all
computation '.
kwrjoi v., cyvro, L.G.C, 342 [20], 'to cover'.
kwrodab, adj., cyfrodedd, D., ' twisted together ', only in eda
gwrodati, ' linen thread '. Cf. krsdeby.
fovruy, s.m., pi. kwruya, cyfrwy, D., ' saddle '.
kmniyo, v., cyfrwyo, D., ' to saddle '.
fovruyst adj., cyfrwys, D., ' cunning '.
kwruystra, s., cyfrwy sdra, D., ' cunning '.
kwur \kwarv od\.
fovyl, s., cyfyl, D., only in the exp. ar gmyl, ' near ' : vy:om i 8im
ar i kwyl nu he'idju, ' I have not been near them to-day ' ; paid ti a
mynd ar gwyl plant ty: nesa, ma nu n hem blant dru:g, ' do not go
near the children next door, they are bad children '.
k3Vdrdar> s.m., pi. kwtrdryd, cyfyrdyr, D., ' second cousin ' : may
o y gzvsrdar a mi:.
kzvarderas, s.f., cyferdderes, S.E., * second cousin '.
hvzrduy, cyfrdwy, D. (Bot.) : rhedyn kwzrduy (O.H.), 'royal
fern ' (Osmunda regalis).
Xadal — xurnas 327
Xadal, xuKutal, conj., a gadael (?), ' compared with ', used after an
adjective in the positive degree and equivalent to ' than ' after a
comparative : may »mma le divir \adal bo:d m * gwynt na, ' this is
a pleasanter place to be in than out in that wind ' ; may hi n o:yr
heno \adal o.yd hi nosweiBja o r blayn, l it is colder to-night than it
has been lately ' ; ma: r maun m darvod m vy:an x<*dal 3 glo:, ( peat
burns quicker than coal ' ; da\i wedi mendjo n aru x&dal 'oyHa\ibo:yt
1 you are much better to-day than you were yesterday '.
Xadal, xwadal, prep., chwedl, D., only in locutions of the form
xadalfom, ' as John says '. Cf. xwedl.
xbjany, sbjany, v., chwibanu, D. ; chwibianu, B.C. 100. 28, * to
whistle '.
xi: (unstressed xi), Pron-> cnwi> D., ' you '. The distinction be-
tween li: and xz>, when the latter is used in the singular, is the same
as in most languages, but the use of xi: seems to be spreading. —
f X*', * X* is very often used in an "ethic " sense after a statement.
Conjunctive form xiBa ; emphatic form *•#>.
XiBa, pron., chwithau, G.R. [123]. 19, conjunctive form of xi.',
' you ' : os na welso'xi: vi: welis i: m ona x^a, * if you did not see
me, I did not see you ' ; ry: va:B a xifa (x*>), ' the same as you ' ;
Xt'Ba ry:n mo:d, ' the same to you ' (answer to a good wish).
xlotta, v., chwilotta, D., s.v. ' chwilenna ', ' to prowl about search-
ing for something '.
*//:, pron., tydi, G.R. [122]. 13, emphatic form of //>, 'thou,
thee '. O.H. often has ri-di:, hevo Bdi:t a Bdi:.
, pron., tydithau, conjunctive form of x/z>, ' thou, thee '.
, v., chwydu, D.; cf. chwdu, M.LI. i. 237. 23, ' to vomit':
i dervad.
\unny, v., chwynnu, D., ' to weed '.
xurlas (O.H.) ; xwtrtas (J.J.), s., chwerwlys, D. (Bot.), in the
plant-name \urlas (xwzrlas) tr e'lBi'n = sayds gwy-i*> ' wo°d ^ge '
(Teucrium Scordium).
Xiriibugan, \urligugant s., chwyrli gwgon, W.S.; whirligwgan,
W.S., s.v. * troi ' ; chwirligwgonn, W.LI. ix. 80 ; chwirli gwgon,
D., ' whirligig '.
xurli:o, xur/jo, v., Eng. whirl, — may o n xur'fco mynd, ' he is
rushing along '.
Xurnas, s., ' bull-roarer ' used by children (I.W.).
328
xurnur, s.m., pi. xurnurs, chwyrnwr, S.E. [a snorer, a snorter],
general term applied to ' gurnards ' (Trigla).
\urny, v., chwyrnu, D.; cf. chwrnu, C.C.M. 255. 5. (i) 'to
snore '. (2) ' to snarl ' (of dogs). (3) ' to buzz ' (of insects).
xustyd, adj., chwyslyd, D., ' perspiring ' ; also ' causing perspira-
tion ' : durnod xuslyd, ' a hot, damp, sunless day ' = durnod heb
hayl m sr ha: (O.K.).
xusy, v., chwysu, D., ' to sweat, perspire ' : wedi xusy n domman ;
— also used of inanimate objects : may nu y gosod nu meun padal
i xusy, ' they put them (the herbs) in a pan to sweat ' ; — also ' to
cause to sweat '.
Xu6ad, xuQjad, s., chwythad, D. ; cf. chwthiad, G.R. 21. 9;
chwythiad, S.E. (i) 'breath', esp. as synonymous with life: na:
i Sim tru by xuQad ma i, I will not do so as long as there is breath
left in my body ' ; — pen Sary nu aval 9no vo t o:d na dim x^Bad mo
vo ; — 9 xuBjad duyBa, ' the last breath '.
xufy, v., chwythu, D. Fut. S. 3. xuBiQ, xwy-'O, 'to blow' (trans,
and intr.) : xuBad hmny x^Bo vo, ' let it blow as it will ' ; — also ' to
blow ' (of flies) ; ' to hiss ' (of geese).
xu.yd, s.m., pi. xwyda, chwydd, D., ' a swelling ' : may gin i xuy§
ar 9 mo:x, ' I have a swelling on my cheek ' ; xuy$ gwyn, ' house-
maid's knee ' ; xu:y$ bara, * obesity '.
xwa:, s., chwa, D., ' puff', in the phrase / o:s na 8im x^a' o wynt,
1 there is not a breath of wind '.
xwam, s.pl., sing, x^^nnan^ f., chwannen, D., pi. chwain, s.v.
' pulicosus ' ; ' fleas ' : ar hannar wiykjad xwannan, ' in a jiffy ' ;
tra:y&> ' sand-hoppers '.
, adv., chwaith, D., ' neither, not . . . either': / a: i: Sim
I shan't go either ' ; neiB hunna dim xwaiO, ' that won't do
either ' — often used pleonastically : / zdu i Sim znfu:r x^at6 ; — / ?du
i Sim sy gubod vain} o wir/onaS sy no vo x^aiB.
xwalur, s.m., chwalwr, Nah. ii. i, 'one who strews, spreads';
' hay-tedder ' (machine).
xwa/va, s.f., chwalfa, D., s.v. ' dispersio ', ' dissipatio ' ; ' dis-
persion ' : xvwlva ar deyly, ' dispersion of a family ' ; by:b na xwalva
mo ru:an, ' the home will be broken up now '.
xwafy, v., chwalu, D. (i) 'to strew, spread': xwafy gvoair,
mj&la, tail. (2) 'to scatter abroad': x^aly devaid i r kmevin
(O.H.). (3) ywaly gvwlj, ' to make the hair rough'. (4) 'to pull
down ' : xwafy gwal, so also xwaty bulx> ' to make a gap ' (in a
wall); similarly xwaty kartra, 'to break up the home'. (5) 'to
fall to pieces ' : 9 ty: na sy wedixwaty' (6) xwaly a xwify'o \xwiljo\.
xwanag, s. and adv., achwanec, W.B. col. 125. 9; ychwaneg,
Ezek. xviii. 8, ' more ' : 'gsmmuxi xwanag ?> ' w^l 7OU nave some
xwanegy — xwart 329
more ? ' ; mdra i torn bytta \wanag, ' I cannot eat any more ' ;
xwanag o venyn, ' more butter '. Cf. mu.y, rhagor.
xwanegy, v., chwanegu, D., s.v. ' accresco ' ; 'to increase ' : ma
nu wedi xwanegy ?n 9 ty: (teyly) aku ; xwanegy meun kruoyQ.
xwannog, adj., chwannog, D., 'inclined, addicted': may hun a
hun m xwannog jaun am vynd i r davarn ; — may hi m burn n
\wannog jaun, ' it is raining " with a will" '— (O.H.).
xwant, s., chwant, D., * desire, lust ' : xwant am vu:yd.
xwantjo, v., chwantio, B.C. 22. 23, ' to desire, lust after '.
xwantys, adj., chwantus, S.E., ' lustful ' ; 'greedy for other people's
property, etc.'
xwara, v., chwarae and chwarau, D. Fut. xwara. Pret. xz&<zm.
Imperative xwara » \warux, ' to play ' : xwara f on d/nvy^ a game
the object of which is to break an egg placed on the ground, the
players being blindfolded ; xwara Hat, ' to play cat ' : two holes are
made in the ground at a considerable distance from each other, at
which each of the players stands armed with a stick. A piece of
wood called Hat is bowled alternately by each player, the object
being to get it into the hole ; the opponent trying to strike it aside
while it is on its way ; xwara fas, ' to play touch ' ; xwara mi:g,
' to play bo-peep ; hide and seek ' ; xwara mugud zrjeir, ' to play
blind man's buff' ; \wara pe&i, ' to play tip-cat ' ; ^u^ara pe:l droyd,
* to play football ' ; xwara ty: ba:x> ' to play at houses ' : so, x^ara
asgol ba:x, etc. — xwara bilifud^ ' to play the fool ' ; paid a mynd i
xwara d» riks ru:an, ' none of your tricks now ' ; ywarafon Suibig,
' to hold now with one side, now with another '. Cf. G.O. ii. 58. 17.
xwara, s.m., pi. xwareyon, chwarae and chwarau, D., ' game,
play ' : xu-'ora ie:g 180, ' fair play to him ' ; ' we must admit that ' ;
/ ei& o dim ar xwara ba:x, ' it cannot be done without an effort ' ;
rhuy digri a xwara, ' between jest and earnest '.
xwaral, s.f., pi. xwarela, chwarel, W.S. ; Eng. (Dial.) wharrel,
1 quarry ' ; xwara/ vaur, xwara! ka:y, ' Penrhyn slate quarries '.
(The latter name is an abbreviation of Cae braich y cafn.)
xwaral, s.f. ' pane ' [kwaral].
xwaran, s.f., pi. x^^na, \warenna, chwarren, D., ' swelling, esp.
of the glands on the neck or in the arm-pits ' : xmw& t*vy, ' swellings
on the necks of children supposed to be caused by growing '.
xwarelur, s.m., chwarelwr, S.E., ' quarryman ' ; — in restricted
sense 'a skilled workman in a quarry in contradistinction to a
labargreigjur ', rubelur, meinar, etc.*
xwa-reys ; xrfys, \raus (O.H.), adj., chwareys, Yny Ihyvyr hwnn
[26]. 5 ; chwareus, S.E., * playful ' : may u:yn m \raus (O.H.).
xwart, s.m., pi. xwar/ja, chwart, C.C.M. 210. 9, 'quart' (both
dry and liquid measure) = talbo ; pedwartalbo = xwati maur ;
pedwar \wart maur — Kibin (O.H.).
33°
Xivarfar —
Xwartar, s.m., pi. \warteri, chwarter, S.E., 'quarter': \wartar
aur, ' a quarter of an hour ' ; \wartar wedi pymp, ' a quarter past
five ' ; — also ' quarter of a year, three months ' : Kin vod o n -tartar
o:yd.
xwarwan, s., chwerfan, D., chwarfan, s.v. 'artemon'. (i) 'the
whirl of a spindle ' (J.J., O.H.). (2) ' a quick-witted, nimble,
officious woman' (I.W.).
XZMZ/, s., ' one who taunts, rails ' = "xvoelp : — ia:u ir he:n xwat >f
(O.H.).
xuuat, adj. [swat],
Xwayr, s.f., pi. xwioryb, chwaer, D., ' sister ' : -xyuayr zy yhruroQ,
' sister-in-law ' ; ' step-sister ' ; \wa:yr i mam idi modryb, ' it is one
and the same thing '.
Xtva.yQ, s., chwaith, D., s.v. ' gustus ', ' sapor ' ; ' taste ' : dim at
9 xwa:y& /', ' not to my taste ' ; paub at i xwa:y&, ' every one to his
taste '. Cf. bla:s.
xwedl, s.? pi. -xwedla, chwedl, D., ' tale '. Generally in the plural
e. g. hel xwedla, ' to gossip '. Cf. x^dal.
xwedla, v., chwedleua, R. ; chwedla, S.E., ' to gossip '.
, s.f., ' tale-bearer, gossip ' (O.H.).
xwtd'Ifyur, Ttjwidlur, s.m., chwedlwr, S.E., ' tale-bearer ' ;
\widlur penwaig, term applied to c terns ' of all species = deryn
penwatg, gwennol 9 mo:r.
xweigjan, s., pi. -xwege'inja, chwe ugain, ' ten shillings ', i. e.
120 pence. Cf. wheigeint, K.H. 18. 12., etc.
Xtveit, s., in phr. werO xwt'H, l worth while ' : may n wer6 xwe'M i
X* vynd.
xw'tinlid, adj., chweinllyd, D., s.v. 'pulicosus'; 'abounding in
fleas '.
XWtip, s., pi. xwtips* ' taunt, gibe ' = geirja ka:$ : — dfyd riu he:n
Xwetp ; lixjo xweips i ywymmad i.
xweipan, s.f., ' taunt, gibe ' : mi rois i yyueipan.
xweipjur, s., ' one who taunts, gibes '.
xweitwafy weitwaf, s.m., ' whitewash ' : xweitwaf gwyn, ko:x, gla:s.
xwettwqfo, weitwafo, v., ' to whitewash '.
X*vt>'X> Xwe-'> s.m. and adj., chwech, D., ' six ; sixpence ' :
Xannuyl, xwe: xrf<*&, xwe: akkar, xwe-' aur ; ^we: durnod^
mlmab, xwe: mlu:y§, x^e-' mi:sy x^e' dy:n = xweX o bmjon ;
fry = Xwe>'X o luya, xwe: fa:r, 'six pairs'; xwe>'X o dai ;
igjan, ' 120 ' (but cf. xw&gja*) ; xwe-'X igjan a xwe-'X ' 126 ' ; \we:\
usnos ; tri: a xwe-'X, ' three and six (pence) ' ; pisin xwe:x> ' sixpenny
— xwibjanjad 331
piece ' ; o:ys 'g3n3\i xwe:x o bre:s m {e: xwe:x ° wyn **> ' have you
six coppers for sixpence in silver ? ' ; 'vasaxi Mm m mebul bod gini
hi bay \we:x am su:^ l you would not have thought that she had iwo
sixpences for a shilling' — i.e. a penny to bless herself with.
xwexad, adj., chweched, D., ' sixth '.
xwelp, s.m., Eng. whelp, * one who rails, taunts' = xwati he:n
\welp bydyr (O.H.).
xwelpjo, v., 'to rail, taunt ' : paid a xwelpjo = paid a ftxjo d eirja
ka:s, brmtjon (O.H.).
XwefaB, s., chwellath, 'six yards '.
xwennyx, v., chwennych, D., s.v. ' recupio ' ; * to covet '.
Xwerdod, s., chwerwdod, S.E., ' bitterness '.
XwerBin, v., chwerthin, D. Fut. S. i. xwerBa, 3. xwerBiB. Pret.
XwerBis. Plup. xwerBsun. Imperative xwerBa ; xwerBux, 'to laugh':
\wer6in am i benno, ' to laugh at him ' ; xwerBin dros bo:b man, ' to
laugh loud, burst out laughing ' ; mi xwerBis i lond 9 rjhalon (9 mo/),
1 1 laughed to my heart's content ' ; mi xwerBis i nes o:n i dgest a
tori ar 3 nrha:ust * I nearly split with laughing ' ; x^erBin tan siglo
i oxra, ' to laugh till one's sides shake ' ; r o:d o n x^erBin nes 0:8
o n i day bubul ; xwerBin nes o:d o n wan ; — xwerBin m i durn, ' to
laugh in one's sleeve '.
XwerBinjadt s.m., chwerthiniad, D., * laughter '.
d, adj., chwerthinllyd, D., 'in a laughing, derisive
manner ' ; also ' ridiculous '.
XwerBur, s.m., chwerthwr, S.E., ' laugher '.
xweru (sometimes xwerv, O.H.), adj., chwerw, D. (i) ' bitter ' :
Kin xwerwad a hi&ig. (2) fig. provjad xweru, ' a bitter experience ' ;
kayl fro: xweru. (3) ' bad-tempered, snappish ' : ma: r dyarguns ma
n xweru jaun, * these terriers are very snappish '. (4) ' in a rage' :
may o wedi mynd ?n xweru arna i, ' he flew into a rage with me '.
(5) ' rough ' : xwara xweru jaun ?di o, ' it is a very rough game '
(i. e. xwara kodum Kevn\ (6) ' harsh, hard, severe ' : dy:n xweru =
dy:n kalad, e. g. inclined to punish severely.
xwervol, xwarvol, s., Chwefror, D. ; Chwefrol (Calendar in 1620
Bible), 'February': xwarvol xwy:B 3 neidar odjar i nhy:B, 'February
blows the adder from her nest '.
xwi:ad, s.pl., sing, xwiadan, f., hwyad, D., ' ducks ' : may r mo:r
3m bu£ xwi:ad, ' the sea is like a duck-pond ' ; Keiljog xwiadan,
' drake ' : xwiadan wy.-y, ' mallard ' (Anas boscas) ; xwiadan dy:,
'common scoter' (CEdemia nigra); xwiadan oa:x, 'wigeon* (?)
(Mareca penelope).
xwibjanjad, s.m., chwibaniad, D., s.v. 'sibilus'; chwibianiad,
M.LI. i. 248. 3, ' a whistling '.
332
Xwibjanog
Xwibjanog, s., chwibanogl, D., 'whistle' = pi:b.
Xwidlur [xwedlur].
xwif, s., chwiff, S.E., 'whiff', e.g. of tobacco.
xwi/jad, s.m., chwiffiad, S.E. (i) ' whiff' : du i n meindjo dim
xwifjad 'arnati, ' I don't care a rap for you ' ; may xwifjad gla:u
mi heno, 'the wind promises rain to-night'. (2) 'jiffy': meun
xwifjad.
xwi:l, adj., chwil, S.E. [whirling, twirling, reeling], (i) ' drunk ' :
may o wedi mebwi n xwi-'I, may o n xwi:l ylu biff, ' he is dead
drunk ' ; hannar xwi>'l, ' half seas over '. (2) ' frisky, wild ', e. g. of
a calf. (3) intensive adverb : xzw>/ bo.yQ, ' piping hot ' (also
xwilboyd) ; wedi mynd m xwi:l abvad, ' over-ripe '.
xwilan, s.f., pi. xurilod, xwilsod, chwil and chwilen, D., ' beetle ' :
ma na riu xwtlan w i benno (m i goryn o), ' he has a screw loose ' ;
cf. ' she has a bee in her bonnet '.
XwilbqyB, adj., chwilboeth, R., ' piping hot '.
xwildrins, xwildris, s.pl., ' small pieces ' : mi mala i di n xwildris
ma:n ; — applied to drunken persons : 9n vedu xwildris mam ; — may
0 n xwildrins (ylu), ' he is drunk '.
XwilfaBa, v., chwiltath, D., s.v., ' chwilenna ' ; ' to prowl about in
search of something ' (I.W.) = \lotta.
xwt'tgi, s.m., chwilgi, T.N. 348. 5, ' drunkard ': 9 xwilgi bydyr ;
Xwilgi 'dirgwilib ; x^ilgi straflyd (O.H.).
xwiljo, xwi/jad, v., chwilio, D., 'to look for': mi a: i alan i
xwiljo am bed, ' I'll go out and look for some ' ; xwaty a xwi{jo,
' to search minutely '.
Xwilvriu(W.H.; I.W.) ; xwi'lriu (E. J. ; J.J.; O.H.),adj.,chwilfriw,
D., s.v. ' assulose ' ; ' torn to pieces, broken to bits, crushed to
atoms ' : may o n xwib'iu ma:n ; may o wedi valy n xwilriu
ma:n, xivilriu bugan).
xwim, adj., chwim, S.E., ' quickly ' : mynd 3n xwim / troi n
1 to turn sharply '.
xwim, s.m., 'a changeable man, a man one is never sure of:
he:n xwim (O.H.). Cf. 'x^im'xwam.
xwimjad, v., chwyfio, ' movere ', vulgo chwimio, D., ' to move ' :
ne'i'6 o 8tm x^imjad am usnos, ' he will not move for a week ' (i. e.
because he has been injured), O.H.
'XWtiB'Xwam, adj., Eng. (Dial.) whim-wham [a weather-cock,
etc.], Lane., ' fickle, variable ' (J.J. ; O.H.) : dy:n 'xwim'xwam.
xwiygi, s.m., achwyngi, ' sneak ' (O.H.).
Xwiyk, s., Eng. wink : X/KW i dim xwiyk o hanas am dano vo, ' I
never heard the slightest breath of scandal about him' (O.H.).
Cf.
xwiykjad — xwiu 333
XWt'ykjad, s.m., pi. xwiykjada, Eng. wink : meun xwtyty'ad moxyn,
' in a twinkling ' ; gweitjux, zv&z i dim \winkjad na vtia i m barod,
1 wait, I shall be ready in a moment ' ; for meun xwiykjad/, ' be off
this instant! '
Xwiykjan, v., * to wink, twitch the eyelids ' : / ydi o Mm m
xwiykjan — / o:s na dim ma:B o vvuuyd mo vo.
xwiyklin, s. : x/it.w t dim xwiyMin o hanas am dano vo, l 1 never
heard the slightest breath of scandal about him ' (O.H.). Cf. \wiyk.
xwip, s.f., pi. xwipja, chwip, W.S. ; cf. I.G. 539. 14; 540. 6,
' whip ' : ifur a hi: vel xw*py ' off she went in an instant '.
\wipjo, v., chwipio, W.S. ; C.C.M. 425. 6, ' to whip ' : may hi n
\wipjo ghewi, ' it is freezing hard ' ; xuripjo r ga:6, ' to go about
tailoring from house to house ' ; r o:d m i jfwipjo hi l%u: r "kolidgis
na, ' he went through the colleges with flying colours ' ; xw*pj& n d*
vlayn, l press on '.
xwippin, s., chwippyn, M.LI. ii. 94. 13 ; Eng. whip : vrta i dro:
\wippin a mynd, ' I shan't be long ' ; dma appad xwippin /, ' there's
a quick answer ! ' — (O.H.).
Xtvisl, s., ' whistle '.
Xivislan, s.f., chwistl and chwistlen, D., ' mus araneus ' ; ' a small
conceited woman ' = merx ve\an lartf (}.].) ; rubaB larlf audyrdodol
(E.J.); — he:n \wislan vel r\li: zn mynd i wsgy i: I (E.J.). Cf. B.
Gwell genni'n llawen heffer gornwen | Nag un fy>rsen chwslud
chwislen goegen houden hyf.
xwislo, v., 'to squirt ' : xwislo du:r.
\wistras (J.J.); xwistral (O.H.), s., chwistrell, D., s.v. 'syrinx';
1 a squirt'.
o (J.J.); xwistro (O.H.), v., ' to squirt '.
t, adj., chwitt-chwatt, C.C.M. 179. i ; chwitchwot,
Sion Tudur in G.R. [369]. 14; Eng. (Dial.) whitwhat [unstable,
changeable], Rdn., ' fickle, variable ' (O.K.).
xwith'n, s.m. : x^llin gla:s, * coal-fish ' (Gadus virens) = folog.
xwi:6, adj., chwith, D. (i) ' left ' : 9 la:u xu)i:6, ' the left hand ' ;—
as subst. ar 9 xwi:6, ' on the left ' ; da! i r xwi:6, ' to keep to the
left '. (2) ' at a loss ' : teimlo n xzw:0, ' to feel at a loss ' ; vrta i
n \wiB: ar 9\ o:l \i, ' I shall miss you ' ; may n xw*>'6 jaun arno
(= 180) vo, ' he is in reduced circumstances, in a forlorn state*.
, s., chwithdod, S.E., ' a sense of loss ' ; ' a forlorn state '.
ig, adj., chwithig, D., ' wrong ' : attab m xwMig, ' to answer
wrong ' ; gneyd rubaB o: xwMigj l to do something wrong ' ; ty:
\wiBig alan , ' wrong side out '.
adj., in the exp. xwiu teidar, 'arrant thief.
334
— ladal
t'ujo, v., chwiwio, S.E. [to turn or dart about ; to fly here and
there], expressive of quick motion : xwiujo burn, used of rain with
a high wind blowing, driving rain (O.H.) ; — hmzla n -)(^oiujo ag m
sgybo (O.H.) ; *xwiujo mynd, ' to go like the wind '.
xwi'vfo, v., chwyfio, D., 'to wave, wave about* : \wivj0 haykas
pokkad ; dilad 9n xwivjo ar 9 Vein ; dail m xwt'vjo.
\wytio, v., chwyddo, D., ' to swell ' : r o:n i dgest wedi xwyfo, 1 1
had just begun to feel proud of myself '.
xwyn, s.plv sing, xunnyn, m., chwynn, D.; ' weeds'.
xwynab, xwymmad [gwynab].
xwyrn, adj., chwyrn, D., ' swift ' : 9y gwlym aryBrol ag an
xwyrn (O.H., speaking of a hawk) ; dy:n xwym, ' a man who is
full of life and vigour, quick in his work and in every action ' — opp.
to lysgyn (O.K.).
xwy:s, s.m., chwys, D., ' sweat ' : r 0:8 o n x^y:s dweryd, ' he was
running with perspiration ' ; — r o:b o meun xwy>'s vel byrym ; — r o:d
9 xwy:s m drtivo vel gla:u trana, ' the perspiration was pouring off
him like thunder rain ' ; xwy:s arQyr, ' meadow-sweet ' (Spiraea
Ulmaria) — Bangor = brenhinas 9 werglob.
s. and adv., chydic, L.A. no. 13; ychydig, D.,
1 little, a little, a few ' : go: zwdig, ' very little ' ; 3X*dig jaun sy
i ga:yl, ' very little is to be got ' ; 2X3dig 9n o:l, * a short time ago ' ;
meun x^dtg, ' shortly ' ; &y:d go x^dig o amsar ar o:l te:, ' there won't
be much time after tea ' ; 9x?dig o vo:x, ' a few pigs '.
lab, s.f., lab, D., ' a blow ' ; — ar lab, ' on credit ' : ka:yl ar lab.
labargreigjur, s.m., in slate quarries, ' bad-rock man ; one be-
tween a labourer and a quarryman who has had some experience in
blasting and bringing down the rock in the most effective way '.
labjo, v. (i) ' to strike, belabour '. (2) * to get on credit'.
labro, v. (in quarries), ' to clear away rubbish, etc/
labrur, s.m., pi. labrurs, 'labourer'; (in state quarries) 'a
labourer paid for clearing rubbish away*.
labut, s., ' a tailor's lap-board for ironing clothes ' ; ir u:y§ a labut,
* the goose and lap-board '.
ladal, s.f., pi. ladeli, ladyl, W.S. [A Ladell] ; ladl, G.R. 35. 3,
' ladle ' : ladal dyn, — lot, — bren, ( a tin, earthenware, wooden ladle ' ;
ladipopty — •la:renwt 335
— also ' an implement for collecting money in a place of worship ' :
dal 9 ladal i gnokka.
ladipopty, s.f., ' mop for cleaning ovens ' : Kin fy:ad a r ladi-
popty ; — also a term of reproach for a woman, implying dirtiness :
£ hem ladipopty grtral / (O.H.).
labar, s., ' lather * ; — also used to denote things with which one is
daubed or covered : may o ny:n labar o va:u, xztfy.'J, vydne&i (O.H.).
lamp, s.f., pi. lampja, lamp, D.G. xv. 2 ; Gen. xv. 1 7 ; D., ' lamp ' ;
gwydyr lamp, ' chimney of a lamp '.
landar, s.m., pi. landar s, Eng. lander, 'the horizontal spout
which receives the water from a roof.
lantar, s.f., pi. lanlerni, lanter, W.S. [A launterne], 'lantern '.
lapjo, v., lappio, W.S. [Lappe], ' to wrap ' ; — also fig. ' to screen ' :
os by:b ru:in m du:yn ne vurdro ma nu n i lapjo vo (O.H.).
lappad, s., pi. lapedi, labed, T.N. 467. 23, 'lappet': lapedi
meinjon.
!ard/o, v. (i) ' to work hard, but in a clumsy, haphazard fashion ',
' to slog away ' : lardjo a gwe'iBjo ; lardjo gwe'iBjo ; kufjo a lardjo.
(2) 'to break down ': lardjo ko:yd, ty:, klaub (O.K.).
lardy, s.m., pi. lardai, lladd-dy, D., s.v. 'carnarium' ; 'slaughter-
house ' ',—Mdy at Tregarth (I.W.).
lari, s.m., ' a roisterer, a turbulent fellow ' : riu he:n lari gwirjon ;
lari di:og ; lari medu.
larmon, s.m., ' ragamuffin ' : hem larmon me&u ; — lari larmon,
1 a roistering ragamuffin '.
lartf, adj., Eng. large, ' proud, conceited, vain' : ma: nu n rky:
lartfifarad hm'rang, ' they are too proud to speak Welsh '.
lartfruyb, s.m., ' pride, conceit, vanity \
lary, v., alaru, D., s.v. • nauseo ' ; ' to be tired of, sick of : may
o wedi lary ar i vuyd ; du i wedi lary ar da su:n di (ar d) hem
gkpdi). '
la:s, s.f., pi. laf'a, las, W.S. [A lace], (i) (in slate quarries) a
kind of flaw running along the grain or the slate, sometimes almost
invisible (laf'a dy:ori), but opening when exposed to the weather,
sometimes easily visible when the edge of the slate is examined
(laffa gun/on). Cf. Eng. (Dial.) lace [A small crack or break in
stone], Yks. (2) in pi. ' lace ' (not ' shoe-lace ' = kara). Cf. the
doggerel nursery rime : leyad ba:x m ola | aflant ba.-\ m xwara \ a
ladron 9n du:ad dan wey laf'a. \ a'men, meba r /on, \ dugyd trisult o
fop dgon.
•Ja:s'enu, s.m., llysenw, D., ' nickname '.
%la:s'enwi, v., llysenwi, D., ' to nickname '.
336 lav an — lib art
lavan, s., lafant, D. (Bot.), ' lavender '.
lavruyn (JJ.); lavruyn (O.H.), s.pl., lafrwyn and llafrwyn, D.,
* jointed-leaved rushes ' (Juncus lamprocarpus, etc.).
ledjo, v., ledio, W.S. [Lede] ; C.C. 70. 28, 'to lead' (esp. of
singing). Cf. arwain, tusy.
leikjo, v., leicio, letter from William Morris (1752) in G.O. ii. 40 ;
T.N. 19. 6, 'to like': hy:d 9 'leikjuxi, l as long as you like';
leikjun i dim deyd, ' I shouldn't like to say ' ; 'leikjaxi fe'irjo 9 du.y
dor 6 na ?, ' would you like to change those two loaves ? '
Kin, s.f., pi. leinja, lein, T.N. 401. 6, Mine': lein sayr ma.yn,
' a stonemason's line ' ; dilad ar 9 lein ; — lein dusy, ' leash ' ; m 9r
y:n lein may nu n rhedag o hy:d; — dwa r lein (' way, style ') i vynd
tru: r by:d.
leinjo, v., lainio, R. ; G.O. ii. 173. 29; laenio, T.N. 141. 7, 'to
thrash .'
leinfans, s.f., leysens, W.S. ; leisians, G.O. ii. 164. 12, 'licence'.
leinfo, v., ' to lance '.
&•£, s., Meak'.
lekf'un, s.f., lecsiwn, B.C. 20. 8, lecsiwn, 136. 19, ' election*.
lemon, s.m., pi. lemons, ' lemon '.
lent, adv., eleni and yleni, D., ' this year '.
lerpul ; also nerpul, ' Liverpool'. For nerpulcf .G.O. ii. 144. 14,
156. 20, 158, 28, etc.
leva!, adj., lefel, W.S, Qeuell], ' level'.
leval, s.f., 'instrument for testing a level surface'; (in slate
quarries) pi. levelyd, ' level, gallery '.
levan, s.m., lefein, Lev. vi. 17,' leaven ' : bara levan, ' bread made
with a sponge ' ; Kin syrad a levan.
levely, v., lefelu, D., s.v. ' perlibro ' ; 'to make level ', e. g. the
top of a wall.
levran ; also levran (I.W.), s.f., Eng. leveret (with change of
termination), (i) ' a young hare'. (2) applied to a young girl:
levran o enaO, f a slip of a girl ' ; rhiu levran ivayk idi hi. Also
in bad sense : r he:n levran bru:g.
levrjo, levljo, v., ' to level, to make of an even surface ', e. g. on
a slope.
levryn, s.m. : levryn o hogyn, { a slip of a boy '.
libart, s.m., Eng. liberty, (i) ' a piece of ground round a house ' :
ty: m sevy^ ar i libart i hy:n ; — ty: -dir libart. (2) ' a holding, rented
or otherwise ' : h>: may tervyn dy libart? (3) ' right of way '. (4)
' hen-run '.
•lib-bab — hi 337
•lib-bob ; 'lib'lab (O.H.), adv., cf. lib-lab, M.F. : farad m 'lib'bab,
' to talk unceasingly ' ; a i davod m 'lib'lab o hy:d.
•li\mi'lax, s., ' a harum-scarum person ' : riu 'li\mi'lax sdi o
(E.J.; W.H.).
h'h\ s.f. and pi., lili, D. (Bot.), Mily'; as pi. cf. D.G. cxc. 27
and St. Matt. vi. 28 ; lili r du:r, ' water-lily ' ; lili r dtfryn, ' lily
of the valley '.
-lilmi'lol, 'lolmi'loly s., ' humbug, nonsense ' = lol bottas.
lindis, lindist, s. and s.pl., lindys, D., ' caterpillar'. As term of
reproach : he:n lindist o he:n ty:n, — meaning not quite clear :
O.H. says he:n ty:n 3m by if a paub — krinta\lyd — snesgar.
lintar, s.m., pi. lintcri. (i) ' lintel of a door or window'. (2)
lintar fenast, ' window-sill ' (Bangor). (3) (in slate quarries) ' thick
pillar (pilar) about two yards long and seven or eight inches square '.
ltyy s., * ring ' (O.H. frequently) : h'y i roid 9 day strap,
liygroy v., ' to dawdle, loiter ' : tiygro gneyd peB.
h'ygron, s.m., ' loiterer, dawdler ' : r hem Itygron I
•h'yk'loyk, adv., ' slow and swaying from side to side ' : "liyk'Ioyk
vedu.
-tiykyn'loykyn, adv. : mynd m 'h'ykyn'loykyn, ' to saunter slowly
along, looking about and stopping occasionally '.
link, s., ' diarrhoea ' = rfodni, pi:b.
livin, s., Eng. living : may hunna meun livm go da: rula, said of
some one who is sleek and good-looking.
h'vra, s.f., lifrai, D. ; cf. D.G. xxxii. 38 ; ex. 1 5, ' livery '.
lob, s.m., ' fool ' : r he:n lob gwirjon.
lob'sgmis, s.m., Eng. lobscouse, ' Yorkshire stew ' : lob'sgews
trodnoQ, — without any meat in it.
lodas, s.f., pi. lodesi, herlodes, D., ' girl ' : pulfyn o lodas, ' a big
strong girl '.
l°g> logy") s.m., pi. logja, Eng. log, * a large lump ' : log o lo:,
bren, gi:g ; — logja o vala maur ; — log o dy:n nodi, ' a fine strong
man '.
loig, s. (i) ' tail-board of a cart ' (I.W.). (2) ' part of a plough ' :
pin loig (I.W.).
loisi ; luisi (O.H.), v., arloesi, D., { to clear ', e.g. of land which
has not been cultivated before ; 4 to carry rubbish away ', e.g. in a
slate quarry = karjo ba:u.
loksyn, s.m., pi. loksys, Eng. locks, ' whisker '.
loly s.f., 161. B.C. 39. 29, ' nonsense ' : he:n lol, 'nonsense '; lol
bottas /, ' nonsense 1 ', ' rubbish ' ; cf. lol bottes, G.O. ii. 77. 5.
1432 Z
338 lolan — lu:yn
Man, s.f., ' a foolish talker '.
loli, pet name for Rowland. Cf. di:an.
loljan, v., lolian, T.N. 113. 19, 'to talk nonsense ' : loljan a diljo.
lolyn, s.m., lolyn, T.N. 332. 31, 'a foolish talker': hem lolyn
gwirjon.
lorn, s.f., pi. lonyb, Ion, R., Mane': lo:n bo:st (= for 8 bo:sf)y
' high road ', \>\. Jfyrt po:st ;— 9 lorn go:\, ' the red lane ' (i.e. childish
name for throat).
Ion', s.f., ' lorry '.
lot, s.f., ' a lot, a great many, a great deal ' : lot o duru, lot o gaus,
etc. ; lot vaur. Also adverbially : mi bary weydy lot, ' it bled a
great deal '.
loyran, s.f., lloeren, D., ' a red spot on the skin ' : mi godob m
Ib'yran go:x-
loys, s.f., gloes, D.; cf. C.C. 334. 24, 'dan lawer Iocs', (i) ' pang ',
e. g. caused by the death of one loved ; ' wound to the feelings such
as is caused by rejection by a lover, or by harsh words'. (2) 'a
feeling of great disgust ' : wedikayl lo:ys, ' to be greatly disgusted ' ;
lo.ys drom.
loysur, s.m., arloeswr, 'a man employed in carting rubbish away ',
e.g. in slate quarries.
loytran, v., loytran, C.C. 14. 7 ; loetran, 543. 22, 'to loiter'.
luk, s.f., Iwc, W.LI, xxxiv. i, ' luck ' : uB luk, ' luckily ' ; luk ido vo
hmny, ' that's lucky for him ' ; luk i xi weld o, ' it was lucky for you
that you saw it ' ; u6 riu luk, ' as good luck would have it ' ; luk i
£i:d mod in? ty:, ' it was lucky I was in the house '.
lukkys, adj., Iwckus, W.S. [Lucky] ; comp, Iwccusach, B.C. 67, 27,
' lucky '.
tu/an, s.f., pi. Mod, elwlen, Iwlen, R., ( kidney '.
lump, s.m., pi. bmpja, Iwmp, R., ' lump ' : lump o dy:n te:u, l a
big fat man ' ; lump o venyn, ' a lump of butter ' ; dma griu o bmpja
hogja f, l there's a pack of hulking boys ! '
lumpjo, v., 'to throw flop': dwa nu n lumpjo vo i r mo:r\
lumpjo i hy:n i r mo:r ; lumpjo Kerig i r mo:r. — (O.H.)
lumpyn, bmpyn, s.m., ' lump '.
luvans, s.f., ' allowance ' : luvans o vu:yd, o arjan ; — may o wedi
kayl i adal ar luvans, ' he has been left on an allowance '.
luvjo, v., lowyo, W.S. [Alowe] ; hvfio, R.; T.N. 185. 20, < to
allow ' : luvjo arjan ; — neu\i luvjo i mi gay I koli durnodf, ' will you
let me have a day off? '
lu:yn, s.f., pi. luim, luyna, llwyn, D., 'loin ' : lu:yn o Kavod ; —
also ' suet ' =fiuat.
tylo—lai 339
lylo, s.m., cf. llelo, O.P., ' fool ' : lylo gwirjon.
bgindjo, v., * to hang on to ' (I.W.).
b£J°) bgjan> v«> Eng. lug, ' to catch hold of, to drag '.
lumbar, s.m., pi. bmbars, Eng. lumber, said of something useless :
he:n bmbar o hem £efylt drol, aradt etc.; — dim ond bmbar meun
hmdei6as ; — also as term of reproach : g he:n bmbar di:og / ; may
o n bmbar gla:n.
bmmyn, cf. noeth lymyn, W.S. [Stryp naked] ; noethlummyn,
D. ; D.P.O. 155. 32; noeth lumman, B.C. 7. 19; noeth lymun,
T.N. 466. 1 8, only in the exp. no:y6 bmmyn (gro:yri), ' stark-naked '.
bmpan, s.f. : hem bmpan o fonas, ' a short, stout woman '.
bmpin ; also limpin (O.H.), s., ' linch-pin ' : koft i bmpin, ' to lose
one's temper '.
bmpjo, v., 'to hack ' : paid a bmpjo fgarag vel na (Llanfairfechan).
bsti, adj., Iwsti, W.S. [Lusty]; lysti, C.L.C., iv. 17.5; T.N.
83- 3- (i) 'strong'. (2) 'stout, fat'.
bsty:o, v., ' to become stouter '.
i'j s.m., llabi, D., * a tall, overgrown young fellow ' : r o:& o n
fabi o hogyn ; — £abi gwan.
labust, labuQ, s.m., llabwst, D., ' a tall, slovenly young fellow ' :
labust ble:r.
ladradj s.m., lladrad, D., 'theft': ladrad noyQ, 'a bare-faced
robbery '.
ladronas, s.f., lladrones, D., s.v. ' latro ' ; ' a female thief '.
ladroni, v., lladroni, O.P. (i) 'to pilfer ' : may o n ladroni = may
i la:u m vlewog. (2) 'to pilfer from ' : may o n ladroni \i.
ladronfyd, adj., lladronllyd, * thievish '.
]a:d, v., ll^dd, D. Fut. S. 3.lato'0 [la:d]. Pret. S. 3. jatot. PI. 3.
ladson. Imperative £a:d ; labux* Pre°t. Pass, laduyd. (i) ' to kill ' :
mi ladod o y gelan varu, ' he killed him on the spot ' ; digon haub
gubod h: fa&ud dy lo: di, ' it is easy to know where your calf was
killed', said of some one who has a longing for some place. (2)
' to cut down, cut off ' : !a:8 gwair, ' to cut hay ' ; ta:8 di sglodyn,
'cut a piece off' (e. g. a stone); la:d 9 kodum, ' to soften one's fall ';
la:8 ar ru:in} ' to run down, calumniate some one'. (3) la:d ivmy /,
call to a dog to make him go higher when collecting sheep on the
mountains.
labdy [lardy].
ladva, s.f., lladdfa, D., ' slaughter '.
lai, adj., adv., and s., llai, D., ' less * (comp. of bs\an and
Z 2
34°
laid -lai
may hi n lai na vo:, ' she is smaller than he ' ; y:n lai, ' one less ' ;
mynd 9n °lai 'lai o hy:d, ' to keep becoming smaller '. Equative :
leiad, li:ad : meun Kin li:ad o amsar, ' in such a short time ' ; pe:B
rhzvaft bo:d Kin li:ad o new&jon 9no vo, ' it is odd there should be so
little news in it '. Superlative : Veia, li:a : pa: vi:s o r vluybyn d by:§
merxaid an farad li:a ?, ' in which month of the year do women
talk the least ? ' ; 9 rhei li:a sy: ma> ' the smallest that are there '.
laid, s.m., llaid, D. (i) ' slime '. (2) Moo: a disease of the
hoofs of horses '.
tain, s.f., pi. leinja, llain, D., f a long, narrow strip of ground ',
generally lam o °di:r. Cf. sliy.
lais, s.m., pi. leifa, llais, D., ' voice ' : may lais main gmo vo, £ he
has a high voice ', — opp. lais maur, lais kry: ; — rhoid i lais alan,
' to speak loud ' ; gweibi nerB i lais, ' to shout at the top of one's
voice '.
laid, adj., llaith, D., 'damp': t0wy§ laiB (= tamp)] — bol laid,
1 soft roe ' = bol leiBan (I.W.).
lak, adj., pi. leikjon, llacc, D., ' slack, loose ' : may o wedi gneyd
9 sgrius m lakkax, ' he has loosened the screws ' ; wedi mynd z £ih'8
nes may r kro:yn 9n lak, ' shrunk so that the skin has become
loose'; lak i aval a gyl (prov.), ' he whose grasp is loose shall
lose ', nearly equivalent to ' the weakest go to the wall ' ; ti:r lak,
' loose, friable land ' (as distinguished from heavy, clayey land) = ti:r
rhy:§, ti:r brak.
lak, s.m., pi. lakja, ' a hollow on the sea-shore containing water '
= pantla ar 9 tra:y& rhuy 9 gwrsmja (JJ.) ; — lak o 8u:r (O.H.) ; —
lak kregog, ' a place where the water is slow and the bottom covered
with shells ' (e.g. in a stream where it enters the sea), Aber.
lakjo, v., cf. llaccau, D., £ to slacken '.
lax, s.mv llach, O.P. ; Eng. lash (?). (i) in the phrase may paub
a i lax arno, ' every one has a bad word for him '. (2) ' a tall,
hulking, clumsy fellow ' : may o n he:n lax bydyr (O.H.) ; — also in
good sense : lax o dy:n gweiBgar sddyn, ' a vigorous worker (O.H.).
laxjo, v., llachiaw, O.P., ' to speak evil of, to lash with the tongue '.
laxjur, s.m., llachiwr, O.P. [cudgeller], in the exp. laxjur o
weiBjur, ' a vigorous worker ' (O.H.).
lai, pron., pi. leil, Hall, D., ' (the) other ' : / 9di o dim Kimmint a r
lai, ' it is not so big as the other ' ; may 3 nail ar o:l 9 lai m mynd
3no, ' one goes there after another ' ; / 0:8 9 bay dim dn farad 9 nail
hevo r lai, ' the two used not to speak to one another ' ; may y:n la:u
9n vu:y na r lai idi hi, ' one of her hands is bigger than the other ' ;
hun a r lai, ' some one or other ' ; h9nny a r lai, ' this, that and
the other '.
am — <trp 341
lam, s.f., pi. (amma, Ham, D., *a skip, a jumping or running
stride '.
faimbad, Llanbedr (y Cennin) : fair lam bad.
(ambedrijol, s.m., pi. lambedtijols y cf. llam-bedyddiol, M.F. ;
llamhidydd, D., ' porpoise .
(amgoisit v., ' to stride along '.
\ammy, v., llammu, D., ' to skip along, to advance by jumping
from one foot to the other ' ; [ammy dros fctrig m *r avon ; lammy
a rieidjo.
Ian, s., llann, D., * the part of a village near a church in places
whose names are compounded with £an : fair 9 £an, ' Llanllechid
fair' (so called in the vicinity); — in place-names : fambad, 'Llanbedr';
jamberis, ' Llanberis ' ; landrgai, ' Llandegai'; l<i(n]vrve\an (£a?ivar),
' Llanfairfechan ' ; ^an'ru:st, £a'ru:sJ, ' Llanrwst '.
fanast, s.f., llanestr and llanastr, D., ' mess ' (of things strewn
about, etc.) : may 'gmo\i lanast vaur zmma, ' you're in a nice mess
here ' ; ty: a fanast 9no vo, * a topsy-turvy house ' ; — da\i wedigneyd
fanast garu, maxgan il
lanu, s.m., llanw, D. (i) ' tide ' : bla:yn lanu, ' turn of the tide ' ;
pen yy:d hi ar dop £anu, l when it is high tide ' ; hannar lanuy ' half
tide ' ; pen vy:d ? lanu ar Ian, ' when the tide is in ' ; 3 lanu m puyso
n erbyn 9 gwynt^ ' the tide flowing against the wind ' ; cf. also
-gorlanu, trai> distil (2) ' the filling in of anything as compared
with the exterior ' ; — in building haystacks lanu is what is placed in
the centre of a stack after placing a kurs round it : rhoi kurs a
lanu bo:b m ail ; — of walls : lanu gwal ; — kadu r lanu = kadu 3
kanolzy gry: ; — gair lanu, ' a word put in to fill up ', Fr. ' cheville '.
layk, s.m., pi. laykja, llangc, D., s.v. ' puer '. (i) * a young fellow
between a boy and a man '. (2} said of one who thinks a great
deal of himself: layk garu zdi o; may o n layk jaun. (3) ' bachelor,
unmarried man ' : layk ta gu:r adi of, * is he a married man or
a bachelor ? ' ; he:n layk, ' old bachelor '.
laykas, s.f., pi. layKesa, llangces, D., s.v. ' puella ' ; 'a young girl
of about 2 1 ' ; hem laykas, ' an old unmarried woman who has had
children '.
lapruB, s.m., cf. llaprwth, M.F., * a lazy fellow ; lout ' = dy:n slak,
'diraval, 'dtrzsbryd, maru ; — g hem lapruB di:og /, ' the lazy lout ! '
lare'idjo, v., llaryeiddio, D., s.v. ' mitesco ' ; llareiddio, P.G.G.
64. 5, * to calm down, improve ' (of the weather) : may hi wedi
larefy'o (O.H.).
larjab, adj., llariaidd, D., 'mild, gentle'.
larp, s.pl., larpja, Harp, D. (i) * shred, piece ' : may o wedi tori
n lar$ja, ' it is broken to bits ' ; r o:d i nrherusys wedi mynd m larpja
342 l*rpjo— 'lau'geyad
ma:n, ' my trousers were torn to shreds '. (2) of persons : larp o
dy:n, ' a big man ' ; larp o hogyn, ' a strapping lad '.
larpjo, v., llarpio, D., 'to tear to pieces'; 'to maul' (of an
animal) : may o wedi ka:l i larpjo gin 9 moxyn, — 9 Ki: sy wedi (arpjo
9 devaid ; — (fig.) ' to do for (some one) ' : mi larpja vo meun
mynyd.
la:d, s.f., v\.ladenm(d. ladan), Hath, D., 'yard'; kanla:d (—kanhB\
1 a°hundred yards ' ; fair lad a drodvad, ' ten feet ' ; may o dros °du:y
la:B o daldra, ' he is over six feet in height ' ; la:d bren, ' yard
measure '.
ladan, s.f., pi. ladenni, llathen, D. (i) ' yard ' : ladan a hannar, ' a
yard and a half"; tair ladan a drodvad, f ten feet ' ; ladan fiat, ladan
ar i wynab, ' square yard ' (JJ.) ; ladan sola/, * cubic yard ' (J.J.) ;
ladan o r y:n bredyn zdi r day, ' they are chips of the same block ' ;
dim m laun pen ladan, ' not all there, simple '. (2) ladan vair,
' Castor °and Pollux ' (name of constellation).
ladar, adj., llathr, D., 'bright': may golug ladar arno vo ;
edrax m ladar ; gleini ladar (O.H.).
ladrum, s.m., cf. llaffrwm, M.F., ' a slovenly fellow ' : r he:n
ladrum bydyr ; r he:n ladrum ble:r (O.H.).
la:u, s.f., pi. dylo, Haw, D., ' hand ' : la:u de:, ' right hand ' ; la:u
\wt:d, ' left hand ' ; — also adjectively (cf. leruxwid\ y:n m la:u \wi:Q
a r lal 9n la:u de:, ' one left-handed and the other right-handed ' ;
lond la:u, ° handful ' ; leysy i 8ylo, ' to slacken one's hands, to be-
come slack, to lose earnestness ' = dim 9n rhoid i dylo ar waid ;
, . . a hogyn ba:x zn i la:u, ' holding a little boy by the hand ' ; r 0:8
i dylo gsno vo, ' he had the use of his hands ', e.g. when hanging by
a rope over a precipice ; dary o godi la:u arna i, ' he waved his
hand to me ' ; may o n weidjur da: ond t eid dim tru i dylo vo, ' he
is a good workman, but (for some reason or other) he does not do
much work, has little to show for his work ' ; mynd 9n o:l la:u (fig.),
' to go downhill, to be on the decline ' ; bo:d dan i dylo, ' to be
groping, feeling one's way ', e. g. of people in the dark; also fig.,
speaking e.g. of negotiations in which one is engaged : r o:n i dan
9 nylo n holol ; — mynd m la:u (pi. teuja) garu hevo ru:tn, to get on
very good ° terms with some one, to be hand in glove with some
one', so also: mynd 9n dylo i gih'd reit del; — also as endearing
expression: syt may hi, r he:n la:u ? ; — dy:n dylo blewog, (i) 'a
peevish man'; (2) 'a pilferer' : la:u vlewog s gmo vo, * he can't
keep his hands off other people's property '.
laud, s., llawd, D., said of a sow maris appetens : ma: laud ar w
hu:\.
•lau'geyad, Haw gayat, L.A., 144. 16. (i) s., ' a closed fist', i.e.
1 nothing ' : wa:yd t ti beidjo mynd atto vo, 'lau'geyad gei dL (2) adj.,
' close-fisted, niggardly '.
faun— lawar 343
faun, adj., pi. fyrunjon, llawn, D. (i) ' full ': m faun o &u:r, m
laun du:r, ' full of water ' ; Jgyad (aun, ' full moon ' ; r o:yb 9 kappal
m (aun dan i say (m faun dyn dop say), ' the chapel was crowded '.
(2) ' quite, fully ' : may hi n faun bry:d, ' it is fully time ' ; — adv. dim
\aun mor swil, l not quite so shy ' ; heb vo:d m faun gaffan, ' not all
there, weak in the head '.
faur, s.m., pi. (or fa, llawr, D., ' floor, ground ' : gol\i 9 jaur, ' to
clean the floor ' ; kada\ (aur, ' floor-cloth ' ; fid a r $aur, ' along the
floor ' ; ar laur, t on the ground, down ' ; S9r6jo ar laur ; — may o
ar laur ; — may r hedyb m nrty ar laur, ' the lark makes its nest on
the ground ' ; ghoid ar laur, ' to put down ' (e.g. in a book) ; bo:d
ar laur hevo rubaB, ' to have run out of something ' ; (py ar laur,
' a ship aground ' ; farad ar ben laur, ' to speak foolishly ' ; — i laur,
' down ', adv., mynd (i) laur, ' to go down ' ; may r gwynt in mynd
i laur i r goglab, l the wind is going round to the north ' (but i
V9ny with all other parts of the compass), O.H ; gorvab, ista i laur,
' to lie, sit down ' ; i laur m van na, ' down there ' ; may r gwynt
wedi tori i laur, l the wind has dropped ' ; tmnux 9 tettali laur, ' take
the kettle off the fire ' ; tippin i:s i laur, l a little lower down ' ; ar i
laur, ' downhill ' ; — prep. : mynd i laur 9r a:U, ' to go down the hiir.
£avar, s.m., llafar, D., in lavar gwla:d, ' dialect, patois, speech of
the country '.
lavn, s.m., pi. lavna, llafn, D. (i) ' blade' : lavn hfa&, pljadyr,
'blade of a knife, scythe '. (2) 'a boy of about fourteen and upwards ' :
lavn o hogyn, lavn o lank, lavn ivayk ; — pen o:n i riu lavn. (3) lavn
0 voxyn, ' a full-grown pig but not yet fattened '.
Javnas, s.f., llafnes, T.N. 222. 33 : lavnas o hogan, ' a well-grown
shapely young girl ' : lavnas o hogan ivayk glrvar ; — of old women,
a term of reproach : he:n lavnas o hem dtnas, he:n lavnas dru:g.
(avnjo, v., llafnio, ' to pull about so as to tear the clothes '.
lavruyn [lavruyn\.
lavyr, s.m., llafur, D., ' labour ' (in general) ; ti:r lavyr, ' tilled
land'.
lawan, adj., llawen, D., ' merry ' : noson lawan ; — mor (awan a r
go°:g (ar 9 gaiyk), * as merry as a lark '.
lawar, llawer, D., ' much, many '. (i) s. ; pi. tawerod, e.g. la:d
£awero8 o 'honynu ; — gawar o bobol, vara, du:r ; — vtia vo torn (awar
1 ti gneyt i, ' it would not be much for you to do it '. (2) adjectively :
du i wedi ka:yl fawar kodum meun tmvyb vel hyn, * I have had many
a fall in weather like this ' ; bbwbob lawar (= {awar o vlm3%o$),
* many years '. (3) adv.,yjra</ [awar ; — da\i dim 9m bytta jawar
arno vo, ' you don't eat much of it ' ; — o lawar (with adjectives or
adverbs), mu:y o lawar, ' much, many more ' ; gwe£ o lawar , ' much
better'.
344 lawas — le:d
lawas, s.f., pi. lewis, llawes, D., ' sleeve ' : mynd i vmy i lewis o,
1 to get into his favour ' ; also mynd i u lawas.
lawenyb, s., llawenydd, D., 'joy '.
lay, s.pl., sing, leyan, llau, D., ' lice ' : gla:u mat ta:8 lay (weather
proverb).
lay, lei-hay, v., lleihau, D., ' to lessen '.
lays, adj., pi. leif'on, llaes, D., ' long, trailing ' : gwadt lays,
4 long hair ' ; gwi:sg lays, ( long dress ' ; tr0usys lays, ' long trousers '
as opp. to treusys kutta, ' knickerbockers ' ; gwevla leif'on, ' pouting
lips ', said e.g. of children on the point of crying.
layB, s.m., llaeth, D., 'milk' (the generic term, but as a com-
modity layB always = ' buttermilk ' and levriB = ' milk ') ; bleinjon
= 3 layB sala uB odro ; tikkal = r olaor layB daxiy ga:l ; cf. also
armal ; — ty: layB, ' dairy ' ; lay& newyb, ' beestings ' ; layB enwyn,
1 buttermilk ' (for the sake of distinction) ; layQwediKeylo, ' curdled
milk ' ; layB kadu, ' milk (armal] put to stand for making butter ' ;
posal day layB, ' a drink made of milk and buttermilk ' ; 3 layB an
troi at galon byux, said when a cow does not give her milk properly ;
may r gwarBag wedi mynd ar x^dig o layB, ' the cattle are giving
little milk '.
place for the fox to lurk ' ; le: -dinab'man, ' an out-of-the-way place ' ;
o b le: /", ' from where ? ' ; ajan o le:, ' wrong ' ; ma na rubaB alan o le:,
' there is something wrong ' ; da\i *n yx.le:, ' you are right S ; da\i
3n bgad 9x &•', ' you are quite right ' ; r on i n medul mod iwedineyd
0 n i le:, * I thought I had done it right ' ; — may o n agos i u le:,
' he leads a correct life ' ; dy:n ail iu le:, ' a good man '. (2) ' room,
space ' : / 0:8 na bim le: i baf'o, ' there was no room to pass '. (3)
* situation, employment ' : puy geiB i le: tabad?, ' I wonder who will
get his situation '. (4) ' stead ' : m i le:, ' instead of him ' ; 3n le:
vi:, 'instead of me'; — used adverbially 'where' (more rarely dm
mike: /) : je: -by:oxi ('vy:oxi) /, ' where have you been ? '; le: Keisti o P,
* where did you find it ? ' — also in indirect questions or relatively :
un i bim je may o, ' I don't know where he is ' ; le bmnag wela i di,
* wherever I see you ' ; m 3 van £e: . . ., ' in the place where . . .'.
}eban, s.m., lleban, D., 'lout': leban di:og, feban 'dirg9xuyn.
lebindjo, bbindjo, v. (i) ' to hang on to ' : may o n bbindjo uBa
1 o hy:d, i.e. to my skirts. (2) 'to pull about, to ill-treat, to half
kill ' : lebindjo plentyn, Hi:, ka:B, gwarBag (O.H.). Cf. fcgindjo.
le:d, s.m., pi. leda, 116d, D., ' breadth ' : ar le:d, ' breadthwise '
(cf. ar hy:d, ' lengthwise ') : may hlaQa n rhedag ar hy:d a tr0ustja ar
le:d, '"tylathau" run lengthwise and "trawstiau" breadthwise'
(across the ceiling) ; — ar le:d = also ' abroad ' : mibo:Bgair ar le:d,
345
' the report got abroad ' ; huiljo ar le:d, < to sail on a long voyage ' ;
— du:y la:B o le:d, ' two yards wide ' ; dim ond tair (a:6 oyd (e:d 9
ford, l the road was only three yards wide ' ; / aun i dim (e:d 9 nrhoyd
i neyd o, ' I wouldn't stir an inch to do it ' ; da\i dim (e:d kay ifur,
1 you are not altogether wrong ' ; r y:n hy:d a r y:n U:dt ' as broad
as long'.
je:d, adv., lied, D., ' rather, fairly ' : m (e:d da:, ' rather well ' J
kadu vo n (e:d wastad, ' keep him fairly flat on his back ' ; r o:d 9
kay ar i le:d o\ort ' the field was rather sloping ' ; r o:n i n fc:d
dibjo, ' I rather thought '.
(edan; (edar (O.H.), s.f., pi. (edod, lleden, D., 'flatfish': jedan
du:od, ' dab' (Pleuronecteslimanda); frdanxwMt 'turbot' (Rhombus
maximus) ; (edan lyvn, ' lemon sole ' (Solea lascaris) ; fedan sbottyn
ko:\, (edan vre:x, If dan go:x, * plaice ' (Pleuronectes platessa) ; (edan
vud, (edan by:, fedan (aid, ' flounder ' (Pleuronectes flesus) ; jedan
wadan, ' sole ' (Solea vulgaris).
fedar, s.m., pi. (edra, lledr, D., ' leather ' : tri:n (edar, ' to tan,
dress leather T ; fcdar duf, ' washleather ' ; gumman (edar, ' a kind
of sea- weed '.
, s.f., llediaith, D., ' imperfect speech, foreign accent '.
fcdol, s., lledol, L.G.C. p. 149 [19] ; B.C. 14. 29, in phr. ar i ledol,
' behind him, following him ' ; plismon m mynd ar ledol dy:ny ' a
policeman shadowing a suspected character '.
jedy, v., lledu, D., ' to widen, extend ' : ledy ford, ' to widen a
road ' ; fedy i welva, ' to pout ' ; fady esgi{, ' to spread wings ' ; may
hi n ledy hadan, ' she takes up more room than she should ', ' she
shows off '. — Also intr.
frdv, adj., lleddf, D., ' flat ' (in music) : ku:ar (edv, ' flat key '.
lebvy, v., lleddfu, D., in obliquum ferre vel ferri, 'to quieten
down ', e.g. of the sea or a sick man = tawely, ravy.
lefeirjo, bfeB&rjo, v., llyflfetheirio, D., s.v. ' impedio ' ; 'to fetter f
(of sheep, horses, etc.). Cf. IfeBar.
(egax, adj., llegach, D., ' feeble, weak, poorly ' : may o n lega\
jaun (=• 9n dinslip, wayl] ; — sy da\i h'e'&ju ? digon lega\.
leibjo, v., lleibio, D., ' lingere, lambere ' ; 'to snatch ' : feibjo r
kulul (O.H.) ; leibjo bytla, ' to steal food, to eat what does not
belong to one ' (O.K.).
(eidar, s.m., pi. (adron, lleidr, D., ' thief : govyn i mam 9di nha:d
?n(eidar(pTov.) ; (eidar pen ford, ' highwayman ' ; (adron pen penman,
thieves formerly frequenting Penmaenmawr, commemorated also
in place-names of the district, e. g. kors 9 (adron, fznnon 9 (adron,
pant 9 (adron; — (adron (anvrvexan, epithet of the inhabitants of
Llanfairfechan (cf. piujad duygyvrtxi, moiljad abar). Cf. the popular
rime %haid i /adron (anvrvexan \ osod (id/art ar vu/x? penman \ rhag
i biujad duygyvzl\i \ dramuy mo 9 no:s i gary (J.J.).
346
leidjog —
leidjog, adj., lleidiawg, O.P., ' soft and slimy ', e. g. of the ground :
kors leidjog.
le'if'o, v., lleisio, D. : may o n le'ifo n da:, ' he has a good voice '.
VeiBan, in bol le'Man, < soft roe ' (I. W.). Cf. laiB.
le'iQdar, s.m., lleithder, D., s.v. ' liquor ' ; ' damp ' : mi 8o:0 le'iQdar
i r lyvr, ' the damp got into the book ' ; tinny leiQdar i V9 bgad i,
' to bring tears to my eyes ' (e. g. of a pathetic story), I.W.
lekkyn, s.m., pi. lakja, llecyn, ' place, spot ' (dim. of le:) : lekkyn
klu:s, l a pretty little place ' ; lekkyn divir jaun, ' a pleasant spot ' ;
lakja bytia, ' the parts where the cows have grazed in a field ' ;
°lakja mo:yl ar i benno, ' bald spots on his head '. — Cf. lak.
lex, s.m., ' a sneak ' = kxgt ; — riu he:n lex—^y gneyd peOa dan dim.
le:x, s.f., pi. lexi, H6ch, D., ' slate ' (generally le\ari) : 9 glai le:x,
4 slaty deposit '.
le:x, adj. : mynd 9n Ie:xy { to faint, to have a fit '.
lexan, s.f., pi. frxi, llechen, D., ' slate ' : lexan la:s, go:x, lu:yd,
' blue, red, green slate ' ; lexan werd is of a more decidedly green
tinge = apparently lexan luydwyn (J.J.) ; \waral lexi, gerig, ' slate
quarry ' ; lexi i dot tai, ' roofing slates ' ; lexan sgwenny, * writing-
slate ' ; pleri lexi, ' slate palings ' ; lexi krmjon^ l round pieces of
slate for putting over milk, etc/ Cf. also karag and sglaitf.
lexgiy s.m., pi. lexguns, llechgi, G.O. ii. 251. 27, 'a sneak'.
lexj'an, v., llechian. (i) ' to shirk ' : lex/an peQa ; — lexjangweiQjo,
— lexjan u6 weiQjo. (2) ' to skulk ' : hogyn ba:x *n Uxjan o gumpas
9 ty: ; — lexjan alan a sort ar i vuyd, — lexjan kqy mynd i r 9sgol
(all O.rf.).
lexwaS, s., llechwedd, D., ' slope ' (generally o\or, but the word is
still in use); lexwabyxa, lexwad isa, * Arllechwedd Uchaf and Isaf',
the two commotes of Arllechwedd.
lexwino, v., llychwino, D., 'to stain, soil, tarnish', e.g. of a
garment, or fig. of the character.
lexy, v., llechu, D., ' to lurk ', e. g. of a fox, a criminal, etc. — also
' to shelter ' : rhoid 9 ku:x i lexy / — fyxy am orja o dan gar ag, e.g. of
people lost on the mountains in a mist. (Cf. moxal.)
lelod, s., cyllellawd, O.P. [A cut with a knife], a sheep's ear-mark
so called \no:d'].
lembo, s.m., ' lout ' : he:n lembo di:og = dy:n di:og a ble:r (O.H.).
lamp, s., in such phrases as riu lemp o Inay, ' careless cleaning '.
Cf. slemp.
lempan, s.f., term of reproach for a woman : lempan vydyr.
lempjo, lempjan, v., llepian, D. ; cf. llempio, M.F. (i) ' to lick up ' :
lempjan du:r ; — ar i di:n m 9 davarn an lempjan kuru (O.H.). (2)
347
' to snatch ' : {empjo r kubul ; (ernpjo bu:yd ; fempjo rubaB sy:& ar 9
burb hebga:l or dors (O.H.) ; be u:ti n fempjan 9/ugur na (O.H.). Cf.
sgramjo. J.J. explained the word as bytta dy:n araf m birgelab.
(3) ' to slobber, to kiss ', also jempjo kysany, e. g. 9 vam m fempjo
kysany iflentyn.
jempjur, s.m., ' one who snatches ' (O.H.) ; — also a very oppro-
brious epithet, not necessarily implying snatching or stealing.
When used a common reply is be du i wedi lempjo / (O.H.).
jenwi, v., llenwi, D. Fut. S. i. {enwa, 2. {enwi, ^.fenwiB. PI. i.
knwun, 2. ^enu\, 3. fcnwan. Imperfect fenwun. Pret. S. i. jbmui's.
PI. 3. jenson. Plup. frnsun. Imperative jenwa ; bnu\. (i) 'to
fill'. (2) ' to flow ' (ot the tide) : p %y:n la tri:o ta fenwi may o ?
(eygid, s.f., llengig, llieingig, D., ' peritoneum ' : tori i leygid, ' to
rupture oneself.
leykyn, s.m., llengcyn, Susannah 45, dim. of ftxyt : hem leykyn
dtian, l an amusing old bachelor '.
leppan, s., lledpen, D., ' side of the head ' : frppan d? ben di
(O.H.) ; — also leppan mmyS, * side of a mountain '. Cf. the Bangor
place-name Cae Llepa.
//?AT, s.m., 116s, D., ' good, benefit ' : may hi 'wedi ' grie'yd le:s (= djoni)
i mi, ' it has done me good ' ; ar le:s ije\id, ' for the good of his
health '.
le:sg, adj., 116sg, D., ' weak, feeble, tottering '.
lesk-ha:y, v., llesgau, D., ' to weaken '.
lestar, s.m., pi. lestrt, llestr, D. (i) ' vessel ' : lestripri:b, ' earthen-
ware ' ; gol\i r hstri^ ' to wash the (dinner, etc.) things ' ; helu\ 9
lestri bydron ar 9 /re:, ' put the dirty things on the tray ' ; mynddros
ben lestri, ' to do or say something out of all reason '. (2) * the
matrix of a mare or cow '.
letty, s.m., Hetty, D., 'inn' : htty tngo> name of the traces of a
building at Llanfairfechan once used as an inn (O.K.); hsgy n
htty r valwan, ' to sleep under a hedge or wall '. Cf. the popular
rime : prjt:d 9 gwelsox vi Kin veSwad \ na naun 9 yor\ul vynd a
du:ad, \ du:ad adra o fair a mar\nad \ heb g9du:m (?) na duyno
nilad, \ a x*$gy ri'o:yd m Utly r valwan, \ na faun i x m9nwas xft, v*
miulan (= fy ngwiwlan?), E.J. ; — byu ar letty r glem, ' to live from
hand to mouth ' ; mynd i r letty lum, ' to come to destitution '.
leBar, s.m., pi. leOra, llethr, D., * slope ' : Xerig wedi rhedag i laur
0 leBra 9 brynja, ' stones which have rolled down from the slopes of
the hills ' ; mynd i vmy ar i leBar, * to go up somewhat on the slant '
(= tippin ar osgo\ O.H.
le&y, v., llethu, D., ' to sink under a load ' : bron a ^By o dano voy
1 almost sinking under it '.
348 le:u — lfanta
le:u, s.m., pi. lewod, Hew, D., ' lion ' : daint 3 le:u, l dandelion ' ;
le:u o 8y:n, ' a strong-minded resolute man '.
levarjan, v., llefarian, ' to talk nonsense ' ; — as subst. riu hem
levarjan, ' idle talk ' (O.H.).
leveryti, s., lleferydd, D., ' speech ' : riu vai ar i leveryd o, ' some
impediment in his speech ' (I.W.) ; dasgy ar davod leveryd, ' to learn
by heart'. Cf. G.R. 3. i.
levnyn, s.m., llefnyn, D., s.v. 'lamina'; cf. G.O. ii. 29. 13, dim.
of lavn, ' a boy of fourteen or so ' : levnyn b^xan ; o levnyn i layk ;
— also levnyn o voxyn.
levran \levran\.
levriB, s.m., llefrith, D., ' milk ' (the ordinary term for milk as a
commodity) : vel ka:& am levriB, ' (as eager) as a cat after milk '.
lewig, s., llevvyg, D. [a fainting fit], in the plant-name lewig zrja:r,
' henbane ' (Hyoscyamus niger).
lewyrx, s., llewych, llewyrch, D. (i) ' spark, atom ' (in speaking
of fire or light) : / o:s na bim lewyrx o da:n, o ola (O.H.). (2) ' a
flourishing, thriving appearance ' : iasa na dim lewyrx ar 3 gwarQag
vasa dim gwerB mynd a nu i rfair.
lewaxys, adj., llewychus, llewyrchus, O.P., 'of a prosperous,
thriving appearance ' : going lew^xys (O.H.).
leyad, fy:ad, s.f., lleuad, D., ' moon ' : leyad laun, ' full moon ' ;
may r ley ad m i xwar/ar duyBa, ' the moon is in its last quarter ' ;
noson leyad, ' a moonlight night ' ; r o:d 9 ley ad m ola (bra:v\ ' the
moon was shining (brightly) ' ; r 0:8 2 leyad wedi 6081 meun du:r, 9y
gorvaft ar i hoxor vel ku:x, l the moon was drowned in water, lying
on its side like a boat ' (J.J.).
leyog, adj., lleuog, D., * lousy*.
teysod, s.f., llaesodr, D., ' pavimentum, stratum ' ; ' litter for cattle
to lie on ' (but, according to O.H., ' a piece of wood three or four
inches high to keep the litter in its place ').
leystur, s., llaesder, D., ' the state of being long or trailing '.
leysy, v., llaesu, D., ' to slacken, let down ' : ma: x tr0usys wedi
mynd ?# rhy: gutta, if>o leysy nu ; — leysy dylo [/«.•«].
leyBa, v., llaetha, D., ' to give milk ' : may r vyux ?n leyBa n da:.
leyBog, adj., llaethog, D. (i) 'giving good milk': byux ley&og.
(2) ' milky ' : 3 luybyr ley Bog, ' the Milky Way '.
Ifanta, bfanta, bvanta, v., llyffanta. (i) 'to wander about looking
for something ; to hang about; loiter with evil intent ' : bvanta o
gumpas 9 ty: ; — mi welt's i hun a hun m bvanta n van aku, said e.g.
when something has been missed and is° suspected of having been
stolen (O.H.) = -ti-.n-droL (2) ' to be a busy-body' = ovarholjo
peBa pobol eril a troi a trosi nu (O.H.).
349
IfcBar, s.f., pi. fefeQtirja, fcfe'irja, {fiirja, llyffethair, D., ' a cord
\viih a noose at each end, attaching one fore-foot and one hind*
foot of an animal together ', ' fetter '.
Igadog, adj., Hygadog, D., * wide-awake ', ' with one's eyes open ' :
dy.-n Igadog.
, s.f., llygotwraig, O.P., ' mouser ' : ydi r ga:0 m {gotrag
Igolta, v., llygota, O.P. (i ) 'to catch mice Y (2) ' to pry about ' :
be u:ti n £go//a 9 van ?mma / (O.H.).
Igollur, s.m., llygotwr, T.N. 22. 21, * rat-catcher ', 'mouse-
catcher ' : ma: r Ki: n jgottur da:.
It':, s.f., pi. Ifvja, llif, D., ' saw ' : ft: drausjj: groys, ' two-handed
saw ' ; £t: gron, ' circular saw ' ; pul It:, ' sa wing-pit ' ; //.- puf £>,
' saw used with a sawing-pit ' ; blaud £t':t ' saw-dust '.
jf:t s.m., pi. livogyS, llif, D., ' flood ' : mynd &id a r //':, ' to go
with the stream '.
(i:an, s.m., lliain, D. (i)' linen': krzsbas Iran, 'a jacket with
sleeves worn by workmen underneath the coat'. (2) pi. fne'inja,
' table-cloth ', ' towel ' : li:an durd and li:an s?%y for distinction.
li:aus, s., lliaws, D., ' the multitude, the majority ' : m vantas vaur
i r fi:aus.
libin, adj., llibyn, D., 'limp, poorly ' : libinjaun zdi o, ' he is not
at all well ' ; golug libin, l a limp, withered appearance '. As subst.
— term of reproach': Ubin -dirwerO (O.H.).
librin, s.m., in such phrases as gbxy n Ubrin ; — wedt gbxy nes o.-n
i n librin gly:b. Cf. liprin.
li:d, s.m., Hid, D. (i) 'vengeance': buru i li:d ar, 'to vent
one's vengeance upon ' ; di:al i li:d, ' to wreak one's vengeance '.
(2) 'malignancy ' of a gathering, sore, etc/
lidjart, s.f., pi. lidjarda, llidiart, D. ; O.E. « hlidgeat ', still sur-
viving in dialects in the forms ' lidgate ' and ' lidyate ', ' gate ' =
ga:t.
lidjog, adj., llidiog, D. (i) 'jealous '. (2) ' malignant ', of a gather-
ing, sore, etc.
h'gor, adj., llygoer, D., s.v. ' congelidus ' ; * lukewarm '.
ligzmjo, v., llurgunio, B.C. 63. 24, ' to hack, maul '.
lixjo, v., lluchio, D. (i) 'to throw': h'xfo &rig, 'to throw
stones ' ; h'xfo du:r am 9 mhenni, ' to throw water over me ' ; h'xjo i
hy:n tru: r fenast ; — lixjo Kcrftad, 'to walk with much vigour of
movement ' ; m lixjo ag m tavly, ' making vigorous insinuations and
denunciations ' ; similarly lixjo xweipSi l/XJo^'ifja bnntjon, ' to taunt,
to rail '. (2) ' to sprout '.
350 ^n—Uu
fan, s.m., llin, D. (i) ' flax ' : ha:d li:n, ' linseed ' ; li:n 3 mmyb,
li:n 9 MuyB te:g, ' purging flax ' (Linum catharticum) ; li:n sgwarnog,
a plant (sp. ?) which, according to O.H., is very destructive to corn,
and is the only plant which will grow on peat when ploughed,
unless the land has been properly prepared. (2) ' grain ' (in stone),
in the expressions li:n bra:s, li:n ma:n ; the latter is smooth like
glass to the touch, the former rough; — applied to Penmaenmawr
setts (O.K.).
limn, s.m., pi. linma, llinyn, D., ' string ' : pelan o linin, ' a ball
of string ' ; meBy kayl 9 Bay pen linin at i gilid, ' to fail to make two
ends meet ' ; linin 9 dro:yl, ' the cord round a spinning wheel ' ;
linin 9 Kevn, linin 9 gwegil, ' spinal cord ' ; tori linin i gevn, ' to
break one's neck ' ; koli r linin, ' to lose the thread of an argument '.
linjary, v., lliniaru, D., ' to mollify, soften ' : linjary ty: ag atto vo.
linjaB, s., lluniaeth, D., ' provisions ' : o:s 'gmoxi digon o linjaB an
9ty:i>
linjo, v., llunio, D., ' to form ' : linjo Keluyd, l to concoct a lie ' ;
linjo r gwadan vel bo: r tro.yd, ' to cut one's coat according to one's
cloth '.
liygar, adj., llungar, T.N. 115. 40, 'of good figure, shapely,
comely '.
lippa, adj., llippa, D., 'flabby, limp* (of persons, clothes, etc.):
rhiu he:n air (attab) lippa geis i gmo vo, ' he put me off ', ' he
evaded my question '.
tiprin, s.m., pi. lipnnnod, llipryn, D., 'flaccidum & pendulum
quid ' ; 'a milksop : r he:n liprin medu, ' the old drunken sot ' ; —
liprin main. Cf. librin.
li:6, s.f., pi. (Mod, llith, D., ' reading, lesson ' (in ecclesiastical
sense) : darlan li:6, ' to give a lecture '.
li:B, s.m., lltth, D., ' drink ' : may r Ia:y6 wedi mynd 3n li:B i r
loya, ' the buttermilk has been used for the calves ' ; esp. ' a mixture
of water and meal given to horses and cattle '.
liQrig, adj., llithrig, D. (i) 'slippery': may r for8 m liBrig.
(2 ) ' fluent ' : farad 3n liBrig.
liBro, v., llithro, D., ' to slip ' : liBro deyd rubaB, ' to let slip a
remark involuntarily '.
tiu, s.m., pi. liuja, lliw, D., 'colour ' : may nu o bob fy:n a h'u,
4 they are of all°shapes and colours ' ; may po:b liuja -arnynu, ' they
are of all colours ' ; — fig. : / o:ys na dim liu ar da stori di, ' your
story doesn't hold together ' ; ' what you say won't hold water ' ;
rhoid 9 liu gweyBa ar rubaB, ' to put the worst construction on some-
thing';— welis i dim liu o hono vo, 'I saw no signs of him'; —
liu (liu) dy:b, no:s, 'by day, by night ' (cf. W.B. col. 109. 20; D.,
s.v. ' diu ') ; uB liu dy:d} ' by daylight '.
351
{iu, s.m., llyw, D., ' helm '.
h'ugar, adj., lliwgar, W.LI. Ixxxii. 6 ; T.N. 98. 36, ' of a healthy,
good, or fresh appearance ' : golug (iugar ar 9 vyu\, 3 Ki:g, etc.
fiujad, s.m., lliwied, D., ' exprobrare ' ; ' an upbraiding '.
jtujo, v., lliwio and llifo, D., in phr. : r o:* hi n de\ra liujo no:s ;
' night was coming on ' ; (iujo (= (injo) Kduyk, ' to tell a lie ' ; wedi
hannar [iujo pe8, ' having insinuated something ' (= truly deydrubaff).
liujo, v., llywio, D., ' to steer '.
, s.m., lly wiwr, O.P., ' helmsman '.
o, v., lluwchiaw, O.P., ' to drift ' (of snow). Also trans, may
r gwynt wedi ffuxjo r e'ira.
Ifvjo, v., llifio, D., 'to saw '.
Ifvjur, s.m., llifiwr, D., s.v. ' serrarius ' ; ' sawyer, one who saws ' :
r 0:8 o n Ijvjur arber\og.
livo, v., llifo, D., ' to flow '.
(fvo, v., llifo, D., 'to grind, sharpen'. Only in ma.yn fivo,
1 grindstone '.
gvot v., lliwio and llifo, D., ' colorare ', etc. ; ' to dye ' : rhaid
kayl liu kin livo (prov.), ' no smoke without fire ', i. e. there must be
some cause for a scandal to arise.
livur, s.m., * dyer '.
Imtitjan, v., llymmeitian, D., ' to drink, to swig '.
{nay, v., glanhau, D. Fut. Ineya. Imperf. Inaun. Pret. S. i.
Ineyis, 3. Ineyod. P. 3. Ineyson. Imperative Ina: ; Inaux.lneux- Pret.
tass. Inaud, * to clean°' : Ineux ty: a r ta:n, ' clean up the hearth ' ;
Inay kay, ' to clear a field of stones ' ; cf. loisi. Generally used
only in the radical form, e.g. neuyi Inay hunt, 'will you clean
this ? '
lo:y s.m., pi. liiya, llo, D ; for pi. cf. lloyeu, D.F. [134]. 8, 14,
' calf ' : buru lo°, ' to calve ' ; lo: gly:b, ' an unweaned calf ; also ' a
raw youth ' ; ° ' a dull person°' ; edra\ ml lo:, ' to look stupid * ;
lo: magy, ' a calf which is being fattened ' ; Wya fy.-n, epithet of
the inhabitants of Lleyn.
lo/a, v., lloffa, D., ' to glean '.
lofjon, s.pl., lloffion, D., s.v. ' specilegium ' ; * gleanings '.
loft, s.f., pi. lofty*, llofft, W.B. col. 238. 21 ; D.G. ccv. 42 ; D.
(if ' loft ' : loft sgybor, loft stabaL (2) ' the upper story of a house ' :
may o n 9 °lo/t, ' he is upstairs '. (3) ' a bedroom in the upper
story '.
lp:g, s.m., pi. loga} Hog, D., ' interest ' : haul a log, ' principal and
interest '.
logal, s., llogell, D., ' pocket ' (obsolete = pokkad) : ma: gin hun
352
o—
a hun gurs m i logal, ' such and such a one has plenty of money in
his pocket ' was a phrase formerly in use (O.H.).
logi, v., llogi, D., ' to hire '.
loirig, adj., lloerig, D., said of one who is given to fits of temper :
dy:n loirig = dy:n avlawan, tempar dru:g, bli:n, ka:s gwo vo (O.H.).
Ipxas, s.f., pi. loxesa, lloches, D. (i) 'a lurking-place', e.g. of
a fish under a stone. (2) * a hiding-place for secreting money '.
Cf. T.N. 126. 13.
Ion, adj., lion, D., ' cheerful, blithe ' : golug Ion ; — ku:ar Ion (in
music), ' sharp key '.
lond, s.f., llonaid, D.; cf. llond, B.C. 121. 27, < the fill of any-
thing ' : kammar lond dz vol, ' take your fill ' ; fair lond luy, ' three
spoonfuls ' ; lond 3 ty: o blant ba:\, ' a houseful of little °children ' ;
o:d o n lond 9 dru:s, l he was very broad ' (broad enough to fill a
door) ; mynd lond 9 lo:n, ' to strut along as if the place belonged to
one ' ; may hi wedi mynd m lond 9 ty:, « she rules the house ' (said
e.g. of a servant who lords it over her mistress); mu:g lond po:b
man.
lonyd, adj., lonydd, D., ' still, quiet ' : sa: lonyd, l stand still ' ; Kin
lombad a davod, ' as quiet as a sheep ' ; gadal Iony8 (/), ' to leave
alone ' ; ga: i lonyd 'gzno\i!, ' will you be quiet ! ' ; du:r Iony8,
' stagnant water '.
lontiux, s.m., llonyddwch, D., ' quiet ' : kayl tippin ba:x o seibjant
a lonriux, ' to get a little rest and quiet '.
lonni, v., llonni, D., ' to be cheerful, to cheer up ' : r o:d o wedi
lonni truybo ; — also trans, vzda vo n lonni r ty: (9 kumpeini).
loy, s.f., pi. toy a, Hong, D., ' ship '•: loya huilja, ' sailing ships ' ;
luyQo loy m 9 Kei, ' to load a ship at the quay ' ; se:r loy, ' the Great
Bear'? Cf. G.O. i. 75. 3.
loyur, s.m., pi. loyurs, llongwr, D., ( sailor '.
lorgan, lloergan, D., ' luna splendens ' ; noson (ola) lorgan leyad,
* a moonlight night '.
lorjad, s., llyriad, D. (Bot.) — dail lorjad, ' broad-leaved plantain '
(Pl°antago major) = kabatfz laur.
lorfo, v., llorio, D., s.v. ' consido ', ' desido ', etc. ; ' to floor '.
lorjo, v., Eng. lower, 'to let down to the ground, to lower':
kortyn m digon o hy:d i lorjo vo (O.H.).
lorp, s.f., pi. lotpja, D., ' shaft of a cart ' — the usual term, but O.H.
always hasy2z/7. Cf. brayx.
lo:sg, s.m., pi. losg'veyd, llosg, D., * a burn, scald ' : lo:sg ta:n ; —
lo:sg eira, ' a chilblain on the foot '.
losgt, v., llosgi, D., 'to burn ', ' to be burnt ', 'to burn oneself ;
' to scald ' : dary mi losgt 9 yhe:g hevo nu, ' I burnt my mouth with
353
them ' ; wedi gos/i (tos&i) y grimpin, — mylu, ' burnt to a cinder ' ;
paid a mynd m %hy: agos i r tarn ^hak ovn i ti los&i, * don't go too
near the fire for fear you burn yourself ' ; *tendju\i los&i, ' take care
you don't burn yourself ; — (fig.) may o wcdi jpsgi n 9 /op, ' he has
lost his temper '.
losgva, s.f., pi. (osfrvVyt, llosgfa, D., s.v. ' vstio ' ; 'a burning
sensation ' : fhiu losg'vfyb m 3 knaud.
loBan, IpBmnan, s.f., pi. frOod, llyfrothen, D. [no meaning] ; O.P.
[A water- snake, a gudgeon], 'butterfish' (Centronotus gunnellus),
but cf. neidar vo:r.
.K.) ; jnttjo (J.J.), v. ; cf. llawd, llodig, D., said of a sow
mars appetens.
frufy'o, v., llawcio, T.N. 2 19. 8, ' to gulp, gobble, bolt one's food '.
Cf. oox/o, hafjo bytta, sla/jo, hBry.
fouxwM, adj., llaw-chwith, Judges iii. 15, 'left-handed*.
foundar, s.m., llawnder, D., 'fulness, abundance': byu meun
fyrundar.
tywodraB, s.f., llywodraeth, D., ' government, control ' : LerwodraO
ar i deyly, ar i hy;n.
fyrwodreydy, v., llywodraethu, D., s.v. ' impero ' ; * to govern,
control ' : I&ivodrey6y i dempar, i davod.
loygar, Lloegr, ' England '.
lo.yr, s., lloer, D., occasionally used for 'moon', e.g. syt may r
lo:yr (= Kyad), used facetiously in inquiring as to the mood of a
dym loirig [fotrig].
IH:, s.m., pi. frvon, llw, D. ; for pi. cf. B.C. 119. 17; 146. 24,
' oath ' : fomra V9 lu:, ' I will take my oath ' ; 9 bvon muya ovnaduy
glu:is i o ben dy:n erio:yd, ' the most terrible oaths I ever heard pass
the lips of a man '.
Iu:a0, lewaQ, adj., lloweth, D. (i) 'brought up by hand': o:yn
lu:aB ; — magy plant sn lu:a&. (2) in derogatory sense: may o n
y:n lu:aQ, « he is a milksop ' ; edra\ m Iu:a0, ' to look sheepish '
(opp. to talgry, gurol, OJH.).
ludun, s.m., pi. bdnod and my:ltt llwdn, D., ' wether '.
lugur, s., llwgr, D., ' rottenness, corruption '; ' damaged, corrupted
part ', e. g. of hay in a haystack.
lugy, v., llewygu, D., cto starve, die of hunger': wet gmo vo
lugy na begjo ; by:b 9 dy:n m higy os na
luidni, s.m., llwydni, D., ' mould '.
, adj., llwyddiannus, D., ' successful '.
A a
354
luity'ant — luydo
luity'ant, s.m., llwyddiant, D. ; cf. llwiddiant, G.R. (i) 2, 'success':
po:b luityant i x*'*
lu:x, s.m., llwch, D., ' dust ' : kodi lu:x, ' to raise dust ' ; t9nny
lu°x, ' to dust ' ; may hi y kodi n lu:x, f the dust is rising ' ; gustun 9
lu:x, ' to lay the dust ' ; r o:y§ 9 kloty'a n lu:x, ' the hedges were
covered with dust ' ; pren pudur wedi valy n lu:x, ' a rotten log
crumbled to dust '.
luxyn, s.m., llychyn, O.P., ' a particle, scrap ' : luxyn ba:x o t>ri:d,
bakko; — / o:s na ry:n luxyn o da:n — (O.H.).
lum, adj., fern, lorn, pi. bmjon, llwmm, D., ' bare ' : Heya turn,
1 fields bearing poor crops ; devaid bmjon, ' shorn sheep '.
luyk, s., llwngc, D. : luyk 9 gudu, ' the gullet ' ; luyk o levriQ, ' a
drink of milk '0"
luykjad, s.m., llyngciad, O.P., ' draught ' : y:n luykjad.
lutrax, s., llwtrach, O.P., * anything soft and jelly-like ' ; * slush ',
e. g. of a road when the snow is melting : m lutrax o va:u; — also as
term of reproach applied to men or women : r he:n lutrax bydyr
(O.H.).
luvr, adj., llwfr, D., ' cowardly ' : m rhy: luvr i ambifin i hy:n.
luvrdra, s., cf. llyfrder, D., * cowardice '.
luvrfyn, s.m., llyfrddyn, C.C.M. 109. 24, ' coward'.
luvrgi, s.m., llyfrgi, ' coward ' (O.H.).
lu:y, s.f., pi. luya, llwy, D., ' spoon ' : lu:y de:, l tea-spoon ' ; lu:y
bren, pi. luya prenja, l wooden spoon ' ; luya olwyn dur, * the floats
or buckets of a water-wheel '.
luyad, s.f., pi. hiyeidja} llwyaid, O.P., ' spoonful '.
luybyr, s.m., pi. luybra, llwybr, D., 'path': luybyr hvreiQlon,
* right of way ' ; gne:yd luybyr i r la:u, ' to pilfer ' (J.J.).
lu:yd, adj., pi. luidjon, eq. luyttad, llwyd, D. (i) ' brown ' : pappy r
lu:yd, ' brown paper '. (2) ' grey ' : bgad lu.yd, ' grey eye '. (3)
' green ' (of slate) : lexan lu:yd. (4) ' pale ' (of the face) : Kin luyttad
a xalxan, — ^ fydu — a bmry — a pe m bytta gwedt i wely (O.H.).
(5) ' dusky ', in luyd ola, ' dusk '. (6) ' poor ' : -gausoxi gwarvod
go da:? na: wi:rt lu:yd jaun o.yS o. — As subst. lu:yd 3 klaud,
1 hedge-sparrow ' (Accentor modularis).
luydad, adj., llwydaidd, O.P., ' palish '.
luydby, adj., llwyd-ddu, D., s.v. 'pullus'; 'dark grey': byux
7uyd8y.
luydo, v., llwy do, D. (i) 'to turn grey': r 0:8 i wadt wedi
luydo. (2) ' to turn mouldy ' : bara wedi luydo. (3) ' to turn pale ' :
wedi luydo ar i we:d.
luydwyn — lym 355
{uydwyn, adj., llwydwyn, W.LI. Ixxvii. 39. (i) Might green',
e. g. of slate : fcxan luydwyn. (2) ' silver-grey ' (of the hair).
luy&o, v., llwyddo, D., ' to succeed ' : da\i wedi (uy&o i gayl o ? ;
— also impers. : dim by:d m luybo ito vo.
lu.yn, s.m., pi. (uini, llwyn, D. (i) ' grove, wood ' (obs.) : mynd
i r (u:yn Kinpfjodi, ' to have relations before marriage ' (obs. — O.H.).
(2) ' bush ' : \u:yn o gy[, ' hazel-bush '.
juyn hidi* (Llanllechid) ; [u:yn hidil (J.J.) ; (u:yn hidtf (O.H.),
s., llwynhidydd, D., ' ribwort plantain ' (Plantago lanceolata).
(uynog, s.m., pi. juynogod, llwynog, D., ' fox ' : hrujon juynog,
' fox cubs ' ; deyar (uynog, ' the earth of a fox ' ; durnod fuynog, * a
treacherous day ', i.e. 'a day which begins fine and turns suddenly
wet ' ; fosgy luynog, ' simulated sleep ' ; 9 whe^ may [uynog m la:b
(prov.), said of one who does his iniquities away from his acquaint-
ances ; dail (uynog, l foxglove plants ' = dail kra:\ (Digitalis pur-
purea) ; ^uynog 9 mo:rt f thresher or fox-shark ' (Alopecias vulpes).
luynogas, s.f., llwynoges, D., ' female fox ',
Iu:y6, s.m., pi. luiBi, llwyth, D., ' load, cargo ' : lu:y& trol, ' cart-
load ', pi. luiBi trolja; fu:y6 o wair, ' load of hay ' ; Iu:y6 sglaitf, ' a
carsro of slate ' ; glo: o:yb i lu:yB i, ' her cargo consisted of coal ' ;
Iu:y6 gwa:s di:og, said when some one tries to carry too much at
a time to save himself a journey ; fig. mi vy& paub 9mma n Iu:y6,
' people will come in crowds '.
luyBo, v., llwytho, D., ' to load ' : luyBo 9 Kerig ir loy objar 3 graig,
* to ship the stones from the rock '; fuyOo Kettyn, ' to fill a pipe '.
luyBog, adj., llwythog, D., ' loaded, laden ' : r o:d 9 loy m fay Bog
o vo:x, ' the ship was laden with pigs '.
luyBur, s.m., llwythwr, O.P. (at the Penrhyn slate-quarries), ' one
who loads waggons with slate for Port Penrhyn ' (J.J.).
luyvan, s.pl., sing, bvannan, Ivannan, llwyfen (sing.), D., ' elm-
trees '.
}y:, s., pi. ly:oti, llu, D., ' host, crowd ' : mynd m {y:oby ' to go in
crowds '.
lydu, s., lludw, D., ' ashes '.
, s., lludded, D., ' fatigue '. Scarcely used except in the exp.
a fydad, ' toil and drudgery '.
, s., llyg, D., ' shrew ' ; — term applied to persons who are
slow and purposeless in their actions ; — ly:g hyl, ' an ugly brute '
(W.H.). '
lym, adj., km. km, ^\.bmjon, llymm, D. (i) ' sharp '. (2) ' severe':
dy:n £ym, golug £ym, hvraQ lem, &lirja lym; — provadigaB km, ' a
severe trial '.
A a 2
356 lymman — tyvn
lymman, s.m., llumman, D.P.0. 145. 1 6, 'a tall, ungainly fellow ' :
lymman hyl; — also ' a worthless, good-for-nothing fellow ' : be uti n
ka$yn 9 lymman tlaud ana ? ; — lymman di:og.
lyn, s.m., pi. Imnob, llynn, D., ' lake, pool, puddle ' : lyn anavon,
lyn mavon, ' " Aber " Lake ' ; lyn melin, ' millpool ' ; lyn tro:,
' whirlpoor, but cf. D., s.v. ' fossatum ' and B.C. 9. 18 ; burn n lyn
maur, said of heavy rain ( J.J.) ; may hi wedi bum nes ma: rford m
bnnod, ' it has rained so much that the road is all puddles '.
ly:n, s.m., pi. Knja, llun, D., ' form, picture ' : fy:& fy:n nadrob ar
bail r eur, ' there is a mark like an adder on cow-parsnips ' ; / o:s
dim ly:n dim arno vo, ' it is like nothing at all ' ; o bo:b liu a fy:n,
' of all shapes and colours ' ; mi gna:6 o rhiu ty:n, ' he did it after a
fashion ' ; may o y gweld i ly:n m 3 lu:y, ' he sees himself in the
spoon ' ; tmny linja, ' to take photographs ' ; da\i wedi tmny x
ly:n /, ' have you had your photograph taken ? '
ly:n, s., Llun, — dy (y:n, ' Monday ' ; no:s !y:n, ' Monday night ' ;
dy ly:n 9 pa:sg, ' Easter Monday ' ; dy ly:n sylgwyn, ' Whit Monday '.
fy:n, Lleyn, Gwlad Lyn, D., ' the Lleyn promontory '.
lyndan^ Llundain, ( London '.
lyrgyn, s.m., llurgyn, D., ' cadauer ' ; a term of reproach : r he:n
lyrgyn medu I (rhuy kropjan a Kerbad ag 3n drewi o hogla kurtt).
Often applied to children : ta:u sr 7ie:n lyrgyn bydyr 1 ; — wel,
le: 'by.osti 3 lyrgyn bydyr ? r u:ii n va:u i gi:d (All O.H.).
ly:s, s.m., pi. hsod, llys, D., ' court ' : holi meun fy:st ' to summons ' ;
mynd o vla:yn jy:s, ' to go to court '.
jy:s, s.pl., sing. hsant llus, D., ' bilberries ' (Vaccinium Myrtillus) ;
koyd fy:s, ' bilberry plants '.
ly:sg, s., llusg, D., only in kar^y.-sg, ' mountain sledge for carrying
hay, etc.'
lysgan, s.f., llusgen, O.P., ' dawdler, shirker ' : he:n lysgan garu
adi hi.
lysgo, v., llusgo, D. (i) ' to drag ' : fysgo sle:d, ' to drag a sledge ' ;
Jysgo drain, Kerig, ' to drag thorns, stones ', e. g. with a chain ; —
lysgo Hi: ; — paid a lysgo da dra:yd, ( do not drag your feet '. (2) ' to
drag along ', e. g. of working when demand is slack : riu lysgo
gweiOjo ma: nu.
[ysgyn, s.m., llusgyn, * dawdler, shirker '.
£yux, s.m., pi. lyux'veyb, lluwch, D., 'snowdrift'; also of dust:
may o n du:ad zny:n lyu\.
£yvn, adj., fern, levn, pi. bvnjon^ llyfn, D., ' smooth ': msny^lyvn
gwastad ; kraig wastad levn ; for& levn ; gwynab fyvn ; Kerig
bvnjon ; m Jyvn vel burS ; — m i byky nu n Jyvn, ' swallowing them
voraciously ' ; wad kuru n fyvn, l swilling beer ' ; gwarjo i arjan m
lyvn, ( squandering his money recklessly ' (All O.H.).
357
lyvr, s.m., pi. frvra, llyfr, D., ' book '.
fcdan, adj., comp. fetta\, llydan, D., 'broad, wide ' : Kin fettad a
dru:s melin, ' as wide as the door of a mill ' (said of a mouth) ; may
yhevn m bigon frdan, * my back is broad enough ' ; gwal bdan,
* thick wall ' ; agor dru:s m frdan, l to open a door wide '.
fyfant, s.m., pi. (y/aint l(9)fantod, llyffant, D., ' frog ' : fr/ant dy:,
' toad ' ; ^fant melyn, ' frog (for the sake of distinction) ; frfant dik
; ^
pennog (I.W.), fefant {hy:d 9 dennog (O.H.), llyffaint dafadennog,
M.LI. ii. 121. 13, ' toad ' ; bu.yd fcfaintt kaus fc/ainl, ' toadstools ' ;
Infant 3 mo:r, ' father-lasher ' (Cottus bubalis) ; ma nrhayd mor o:yr
a [faint, 'my feet are as cold as stones'; mi £eya i dy £e:g Kin
svundad a \e:g tyfant sm mi:s mai (O.H.) ; — also ' frog ' of a horse's
foot.
tfeBar \lfe6ar].
bfeOeirjo \lefeirjo].
\9gad, s.m., pi. bgaid, l(*)gada, frgid, llygad, D., 'eye': bgaid
gleif'on, dy:on, lu:yd, ' blue, black, grey eyes ' ; kannuyl 9 frgad,
' pupil ' ; gwyn 9 bgad, ' the white of the eye ' ; tul 9 frgad, ' eye-
socket ' ; ble:u bgad, ' eyelashes ' ; r 0:6 i bgad ty go:\, ' his eye was
bloodshot ' ; Igada gwan, ' weak eyes ' ; jfgad vel barKid, ' keen
sight ' ; bgaid fym, ' a stern look ' ; frgaid ar wynab 9 kro:yny
' projecting eyes ' ; may g?no vo bgaid vel du:y watf (].].), ' he has
goggle, staring eyes ' ; bgada m bantja dmnjon, * deep-sunken eyes ' ;
bgad kro:yst ' a squint ' ; ka:yl bgad dy:, ' to get a black eye ' ;
bgad tfeni, ' glass eye ' ; may berwyd 9n i bgad, ' he has bright,
sparkling eyes ' ; may i bgaid 9m pevrjo n i benno, ' his eyes
are shining brightly ' ; gneyd Igada, ' to make eyes ' ; gneyd
bgad ba:x, ( to wink ' ; edrax 9m myu 9 bgad, ' to look straight in
the face ' ; may bgad m i ben, ' he has his wits about him ' ; a i
bgad ar i *sguyd° 'on the look-out ' ; 9 pe:6 muya ovnaduy welts
i a bgad 9 mhen eri'oyd, ' the most terrible thing I ever set eyes
on ' ; may i bgad 9n vu:y na i vol, ' he helps himself to more than
he can eat ' ; x^ i &'#* Kimmint a r0un i n V9 bgad (dim ond
Kimmint a bgad ja:r), ' I did not get the smallest trifle ' ; Sary
o dim agor V9 bgad, ' he did not put me up to it ' ; ar o:l tmny
r bgaid kravy r tola, l to add insult to injury ' ; — in various trans-
ferred senses, (a) °of the sun : m bgad 9r hayl, ' full in the sun ' ;
may n Igada poiQjon jaun, ' there are very hot intervals of sun-
shine '. (b) ' centre ' : fcgad 9 berw, ' the centre of something
boiling ' ; iavla dippin o du:r o.yr i bgad o, ' pour some cold water
9n 9 weiran, ' a noose in the wire ', e. g. to catch rabbits,
(d) animal and plant names : (fgad m9haran, ' limpet ' (Patella) ;
fcgad (bgaid) * dy$t ' daisy ' ; bgad ebril, ' the lesser celandine
358 bgadrrty — bGyr
(Ranunculus Ficaria) = dail 9 peih; bgaid r eyron, ' cranberries '
(Vaccinium Oxycoccos) ; bgada bugan, ' poppy ' (Papaver Rhceas).
bgadrrty, v., llygadrythu, B.C., 12. u, 'to stare'.
-bgat-tdnny, v., llygadtynu, Gal. iii. i (e/3a0-/cave), ' captivate,
fascinate, bewitch '. O.H. has dmjon dru:g 9n 'bgat'tznny xi i
Srsgjoni ; — merxaid dn 'bgat'tznny danjon.
b&edyn (W.H. ; I.W.) ; l&dyn (O.K.), s.m., llygedyn, O.P.,
' a gleam of light, a bright glimpse ' : bgedyn po:y& o hayl, ' a bright
glimpse of sunshine ' ; mi ge:s i ambal i bgedyn, ' I had a bright
glimpse now and then ' (i. e. among my gloomy thoughts) : ligedyn
ba:x o dam, o ola (O.H.).
bgindjo, v., cf. llygindio, M.F., ' to ill-treat, to maul ' (JJ. ; O.H.).
bgod, s.pl., sing. Igodan, bgodan, llygod, D., f mice ' : bgod maur,
freinig^farnig, l rats ' ; bgod da:x, ' mice ' (for the sake of distinc-
tion) ; bgod 9 du:r, ' water-rats ' ; bgod deyar (O.H.), ' dormice ' (?).
bgrab, s., llygredd, O.P., f corruption '.
bgry, v., llygru, D., ' to corrupt, become corrupt, rotten '.
bxan — luxyn and bxyn, q.v. (O.H.).
, adj., llychlyd, D., ' dusty '.
s.m., llychyn, O.P., ' particle of dust, speck ' : po:b bxyn,
' every speck ' (O.K.). Cf. luxyn.
bmgi, s.m., llymgi, T.N. 20. 31, 'a worthless scamp': bmgi
bydyr, — dt:ogt — dru:g, — hurfyd, — medu.
bmmad, s.m., llymmaid, D., ' a drink ' : bmmad o Su:r ; menyn
wedi to§i n bmmad, l butter melted into oil '.
bm'ri:ad, s., llymriaid, R., ' sand eel ' (Ammodytes lanceolatus
and A. tobianus).
bmry, s., llymru, D., ' flummery ' : gweylod blaud Keirx wedi berwi
i vytta hevo levriQ (E.J.).
bnab, adv. and s., ellynedd, D., ' last year ' : 9 vluybyn Kin bna§.
bjir, s.pl., sing, byzran, f. ; pi. also bysrod (O.K.), llyngyr, D.,
' worms ' (in the body) ; bywan hi:r, ' tape-worm '.
byky, v., llyngcu, D., ' to swallow, absorb ' : byky n ]yvn, ' to
swallow at a gulp ' ; byky y gro.ys, ' to swallow the wrong way ' =
byky tammad o: xwiQig j — may o wedi byky gor mod, ' he has had too
much to drink ' ; byky my:l, f to sulk '°; byky polyn, ' to be stiff, to
have swallowed a poker '.
bf'a, s.pl., llysiau, D., ' herbs ', but only in plant-names : bf'a r
gweydlyn = milbail, ' yarrow ' (Achillsea Millefolium) ; bf'a ivan,
' mugwort ' (Artemisia vulgaris) ; bf'a pen tai, ' common house-
leek ' (Sempervivum tectorum).
b&yr, s.m., pi. IQtra, bfora, llythyr, D., ' letter ' : postjo b6yr, ' to
post a letter '.
— maMygar 359
, s.f., pi. frtirenna, llythyren, D., ' letter of the alphabet '.
l?vjad, s.m., llyfiad, G.O. ii. 33. 6, ' a licking' : frvjad fyux, ' a
tult of hair on the forehead '.
fcvjad, s.m., dylyfiad, D., s.v. ' oscitatio ', only in the exp. frvjad
ge:n, ' a gape ' (Bangor).
(wndeu, adj., llyfndew, 'sleek', 'fat enough to conceal the bones'.
, v., llyfnu, D., 'to harrow '.
iQan, s.,llyfrithen, O.P. [A pimple], 'a sty in the eye'.
{wy, v., llyfu, D., ' to lick '.
m, 'm, adj., ' my ', after a ' with ', and a relative. In the first
case only in connection with frgatd and klistja, as we/is i ri-o:yd a
m bgaid 3 va:B be:B, ' I never saw such a thing in my life ' ; x/«:;> i*
ri'oyd a m klistja m ono vo, ' I never heard of it in my life '. In the
second case only in such expressions as djail a m pi: I, djaul a m
sgybo /, dyu a m helpo i !
ma, yma, D., after a noun preceded by the article (the latter
being sometimes suppressed), ' this ' : 9 dy:n ma, ' this man ' ; (?)
pnaun ma, ' this afternoon ' ; (9) bora ma, f this morning ' ; (y) for
ma, ' this way ' ; (^) van ma, ' here '. — ma is never stressed \9mma\.
ma:b, s.m., pi. meibjon, mab, D., ' son ' : ma:b ?y gfovraO, ' son-in-
law ' ; ' stepson '.
mabuifady, v., mabwysio, D., ' to adopt '.
madal, v., ymadael, D. (i) intr. ' to move', e.g. from a house
or situation to another, ' to leave ' : madal o r iy:, ' to move from
the house ' ; nezvyd vadal ma:y hi, ' she has just left her situation ' ;
dy:n m madal o r \waral; — ka:yl madal a, ' to get rid of. ( 2 ) trans.
' to move ', e. g. furniture, etc., Irom one house to another : hun 8ary
vadal 3xpeO<*) ' the man who moved your things '.
madrob, zmadrod, s.m., ymadrodd, D., ' speech ' : daun zmadrob; —
daun madrod liBrig, ' the gift of ready speech '. Cf. (everyb, parabl.
madry, v., madru, D., ' to decompose ', esp. of flesh.
mada, v., maddeu, D. Pret. maSeyz's. (i) 'to part with, let go*
only in such expressions as du i n meQy ma&a 180 vo, ' I can't part
with it, let it go ', e. g. of a tasty morsel (I.W.). (2) 'to forgive,
excuse ' : %haid i \i va8a i mi am vo:d mor vle:r, ' you must excuse
me for being so untidy ' ; rhaid i ni va8a riu \tdig i rei ni, ' we
must make some excuses for those '.
matieyant, s., maddeuant, D., ' forgiveness '.
mabeygar, adj., maddeugar, D., s.v. ' comis ' ; ' forgiving '.
36°
mag — main
mag, s., ' halfpenny ' : niuk a mag, * a penny halfpenny ' (slang).
ma:g, s.m., mag, * fry ' (of fish), J.J. ; O.K. : la:d ma:g zr avon,
e. g. by turning the river from its bed.
magal, s.m.f., pi. magla (also bagal, baglan), magi, D., ' snare ' :
magal i 8al gwniyod, ' snare for catching rabbits ' consisting of an
upright stick to which is attached a wire noose ; bagal rhaun, ' a
snare for catching birds '. A sharp-pointed stick is driven into the
earth ; to this is attached a cord of horse-hair with a noose at
the end, by which the bird is caught by the feet. — (O.K.)
magan, s.f., ' halfpenny ' : / o:ys &in i dim magan m 3 mhokkad
(cf. mag).
magly, v., maglu, D., ' to trip up ' [bagly].
maguraB, s.f., magwraeth, D., * bringing up ' : may n dayos ar
ynwaQfaf'un vaguraQ may y:n wedi xayl ( JJ.)> ' ^ shows what kind
of bringing up one has had ' ; wedi ka:l maguraB da: ag wedi mynd
an dlaud (O.K.).
magy, v., magu, D. (i) ' to bring up, rear ' : daxt wedi \ magy 9y
wh9mry ?, ' were you brought up in Wales ? ' ; zmma ganuyd a maguyt
i, ' it was here that she was born and brought up ' ; magy jeir, ' to
rear fowls ' ; 9 deryn (Km) vegir (vagir) dnyfarn, 3nyfarn 9 myn vo:d
(prov.), 'habit is second nature '. (2) ' to breed, produce, form ' :
rubaQ sy n magy knaud, ' flesh-producing substance ' ; magy gwar,
' to stoop ' ; — magy bol; — magy luidm, Ken, ' to get mouldy ' ;
magy snavad, ' to get slimy ' ; u:ti n i magy hi?, ' are you nursing
it up ? ' (said to a disobedient child, i. e. ' are you going to make
the punishment worse when it comes?') (3) 'to grow': magy
edyn, ' to grow wings '.
maharan (W.H.) ; mtharan (I.W. ; O.H.) ; mharan, s.m., pi.
meheryn (W.H.) ; m9heryn(I.W. ; O.H.) ; m3herod(O.U..); maharen,
D., ' ram ' : frgad maharan, ' limpet ' (Patella).
mat, s.m., Mai, D., ' May '
mat, conj., mai, D., ' that '
I thought these were yours '
9 dy:8 kmta o vat. Cf. klamma.
r qydun i n medul mai \i: bia rhei n,
di:olx mai 9'hi: sy n mynd, nid 2'vi:,
thank Heaven that she is going and not I ' ; r o:n i n medul mai
vel na 9 basa hi, ' I thought that would be the way '. Cf. na.
matd, s.m., maidd, D., ' serum lactis ' ; only in matd dr ja:r —
tori u:y i vasn a rhoi fugur a i gsmdsgy vo n da:; zna rhoi du:r
barwedig arno vo a i roid o ar vara wedi valy meun basn aral (E.J.).
main, adj., pi. meinion, main, D. (i) 'fine, thin, slender':
baxgan main, ' a slender fellow ' ; m vain vel milgi, Kin veinad a
bruynan, — \o:ys robin go:\, — a r g&unan (O.H.) ; — egin main 9r
y:d, ' slender shoots of corn ' ; ty: ba:xy:n korn, mu:g main, ' a small
cottage with one chimney ancf slender smoke ' ; gwevysa meinjon,
'thin lips'. (2) 'fine, sharp' (of a point): bla:yn main. (3)
' straitened ' (of circumstances) : may n vainjaun arno vo. (4) ' keen '
main/ — mal&i 361
(of the wind) : may r gwynt ?n vain ; — da\iy klu:ad*r awal m vain ?
(5 ) ' keen, acute ' (of hearing) : may nu y klu:ad mor vain, ' their
sense of hearing is so acute'. (6) 'high-pitched* (of the voice):
may (ais main gmo vo. (7) substantively : ' fat ' = Ki:g gwyn, e. g.
tippin o vain (J.J.).
main/, s.m. (but r y:n vain/), maint, D., ' size, quantity, amount ' :
ry: vain/ a hunna, ' the same size as this ' ; ma: nu y kodi r y:n
vain/ m in/on, ' they charge just the same amount ' ; mi gostiQ ry:
vain/ i grvrjo vo a \a:\iy:n newyb, * it will cost as much to cover it
(the umbrella) as to get a new one ' ; m 9 maint may r gwahanjaQ,
* the difference is in the size ' ; yn i vain/, ' in its full size ' ; * full
grown ' ; pobol meun maint, ' grown-up people ' ; r o:& 9 kubul wedi
mynd i mhaint, ' they were all grown up '. See also vain/.
maiyk, s.f., pi. meiykja, maingc, D. ; cf. dwyueing, L.A. 93. 3,
' bench '.
maip, s.pl., sing, meipan, f., maip, D., * turnips ' : may gmo vo ben
vel meipan, ' he has a head like a turnip ', i. e. ' he is stupid * ; maip
mair, maip aba, l the roots of the black bryony ' (Tamus communis) ;
maip gwiltjon, plant-name (sp. ?).
mair, Mair, 'Mary'. Cf. also mart, mali, malan, meri ; — guyl
vair, ' Lady Day '.
mai6, adj., maith, D., 'long': er s amsar mai6, 'a long time
ago ' ; ' for a long time ' ; er s fawar bluybyn vaid, l for many a long
year ' ; du i dim am vynd 9n vaid, ' I'm not going to be long ',
i. e. ' tell a long story ' ;—forb vai6; pregaQ vai6.
matral, s.m., pi. mekri^ maccrell, D., ' mackerel '.
maxal [baxal].
maxljad, s.m., cf. machludiad, Joshua i. 4, 'sunset': may hi n
vaxljad hayl.
maxlyd, s.m., machlud, D., ' sunset ' : may hi dgest m vaxlyd
hayl; — may hi ar s maxlyd hayl ; — may hi ar vaxlyd hayl — common
expressions when clocks were not in ordinary use (O.H.).
maxlyd, v., ' to set ' (of the sun) : may r hayl in maxlyd.
malan, pet name for ' Mary ' [mair].
malas, s.m., malais; cf. D.G. clxxix. 9; D., 'malice': malas
dru:g. — Often implies a tendency to pilfer : dym ar i valas am
ruba6 o hy:d (O.K.).
male'isbrug, adj., ' malicious ' = maleysys.
maleysys, adj., maleisus, D., ' malicious '. Often implies a tendency
to pilfer (O.H.).
malgi, s.m., maelgi, S.E., s.v. ' angel-fish ' ; ' angel-fish ' (Rhina
squatina).
362
mali — man
mali, pet name for ' Mary ' \mair\ ; cf. piftkus mali (q.v.).
'malifut, term of reproach : be u:li n farad, r hem giu 'malifut
(EJ.) ; r he:n 'malifut djaul (O.K.).
malirjo, v., malurio, D., ' to crush ' (e. g. of a man crushed by a
fall of stone in a quarry) ; ' to break up small ' : 3 Seyar wedi
malirjo gin 3 rhe:u ; ' to moulder ' (trans, and intr.) — hyperbolically
' to thrash ' : mi d9 valirja i di ! (O.H.).
maljo, v., maliaw, O.P., * to care, heed ' : be du i n valjo 9no vo />,
' what do I care for him ? ' ; / 9du i dim 3n maljo r y:n tattan
(bottum, bottum korn, ba:u) zno vo, ' I don't care a rap for him '.
malk, s.m., pi. malkja, male, D., ' grumus, porca ' ; ' a piece of
earth accidentally left unturned by the plough ' : may hi n valkja i
gt:d ar i o:l (O.U.).
malkjo, v., malcio, D., s.v. ' imporco ' ; ' to plough in such a
manner as to leave pieces of earth unturned'.
malur, s.m., malwr, D., s.v. ' molitor '. (i) ' one who grinds, etc/
(2) * one who speaks beside the mark ' (O.H.). Cf. maly 3.
malwan, s.f., pi. malwod, malwen, D., ' snail ' : malwan 8y:, ' slug ' ;
malwan grogan, ' snail ' (for the sake of distinction) ; mor ara a
malwan, ' as slow as a snail ' ; may o n du:ad r y: va:6 a malwan
meun tar, ' he is coming like a snail crawling in tar ', i. e. very
slowly ; — malwan vo:r, a kind of shell-fish (Trochus cinerarius).
maly, v., malu, D. (i) 'to grind, break up small, crumble' : 9
kmta i r velin geiB valy (prov.), 'first come, first served'; may
o n valy vo n va:n, ' it chops it up small ' ; — maly n xwilvriu ma:n,
xwilvriu bug an, ylu ma:n ; — maly gwair, ' to chop hay ' ; maly
prikja, ' to chop sticks '. (2) ' to maul, fray ' : ma: r bre&yn wedi
maly, ' the cloth is frayed '. (3) ' to speak beside the point ' = dim
dn farad i burpas, mynd oru6 9 puyk, mynd i rambljo (O.H.) : r u:ti
m ponf'o ag 9n maly n ormod o lawar (O.H.).
mal, adj., mall, D., 'unwholesome, putrid, bad': sr y:d dn val,
bara mal; — tasa r haib ?y gino basa y gneyd9r haib m val — (O.H. ).
mam, s.f., pi. mamma, mam, D. (i) ' mother ': mam dy yfavraQ,
' mother-in-law ', ' stepmother ' ; as plant-name ' pansy ' ; mam wen,
' stepmother ' (I.W.). (2) ' matrix ' (of women).
mammaQ, s., mammae th, D., ' nutrix ', in the exp. hurb mammaB
[hurd].
mammog, s.f., pi. mogad, moga, mammog, D., s.v. 'matrix',
' mola ' ; ' ewe with young ' : vaint o moga ag u:yn s 'gmoxi lenif,
' how many ewes with lambs have you this year ? '
man, s.ra.f., pi. manna, mann, D., ' place ' : m 9 'van ma, 'van ma,
vamma, 'here'; (m f) 'van na, (?n i) "van no, 'there'; an 9 van
akku, 'van aku, 'vay ku, ' yonder ' ; meun rhei manna^ ' in some
man — manteif'ol 363
places ' ; may r van ma y goyol gwnas jaun, ' this is a warm
corner ' ; (/ aun i) byB o r van ma / ' upon my word ! ' ; *n r y: van
a vi ':, 'in the same place as I '; mi bikja i i r van a r van, ' I'll
hurry off to such and such a place ' ; ma: n du:ad i r y:n van, ' it
comes to the same thing ' ; in 9 van bela, ' at the most, at the
furthest ' ; m 9 van kwna, ' at the deepest ; dim pobol 9ny:n man,
' no people anywhere ' ; — used instead of /<?.* (place) before (e: (where) :
9n 9 van fa r o:b o y gw'eiQjo, ' in the place where he was working ' ;
— m 9 man, ' by and by ' ; ru:an ag 9n 9 man, * now and then ' ; m
9 van, ' immediately '. — 9m mho:b man, * everywhere ' : may n srxy m
mho:b man hevo r gwynt ma, ' this wind is drying up everything ' ;
may po:b man 9$ glasy, ' everything (Anglo- Welsh ' everywhere ') is
turning green '; -^erQin dros bo:b man, ' to roar with laughter ' ; —
d9nas m i mhant ' a grown up, responsible woman '.
man, ma:yn, s., in man (mayn) &eni, mann geni, D., 'birth-mark'.
mam, adj., man, D. (i) ' small ' (of things in numbers of particles,
but adar ma:n, * little birds ', more frequent than adar ba:\), opp. to
bra:s : maly n va:n, ' to grind small ' ; Kerig mam, ' small stones ' ;
glo: mam, ' slack ' ; kulins mam, ' small remnants ' ; arjan mam,
' small change ' ; mam ~bly:, ' down ' ; m am donna, ' small waves ' ;
ma: nu vel margrig o vam, ' they are tiny little things ' (speaking e. g.
of children), lit. ' they are as tiny as ants ' ; krsbibjon, xwrtvriu,
teilxjon, tipja, ylu, ysu mam, 'smithereens, shivers, tiny bits'. (2)
' fine ', e. g. of a net : %hu:yd vam, * a small-meshed net ', as opp. to
rhu:yd vra:s.
manag, s.f., pi. menig, maneg, D., ' glove '.
manjon, s.pl., manion, ' small particles ', e. g. man/on eidin.
manny, v., mannu, ' to affect' (I.W.): dw.W(say) mjaun a paid
a manny (O.H.); — / 9di o n manny dim arna i, 'it does not affect
me at all '.
manolt, adj., manhollt, only in kym manolt \ky:ri\.
mantal, s.f., pi. manteli, mantell, D., ' hooded cloak formerly worn
by women over the pais a bekkun '.
manias, s.f., pi. manteifon> mantais, D. (i) ' advantage ' : ktmmyd
man/as ar 9 krula, * to take advantage of the opportunity ' ; tori
sgolpjad er mu.yn gneyd manias i dori r garag, ' to cut a piece otf
in order to cut the stone to greater advantage '. (2) ' profit ' : pe:6
a manias vaurjaun arno vo.
manteif'o, v., manteisio, D., ' to take advantage ' : ma: nu n
manteif'o ar bo:b pe:6 i neyd p£e:s, ' they take advantage of everything
to make money ' ; 9 kry: 9n manteifo ar 9 gwan, ' the strong taking
advantage of the weak ' ; ma: nu n manteif'o 'arnoni, ' they have the
advantage over us '.
manieif'ol )&&}., manteisiol, T.N. 464. 24. (i) 'advantageous'.
(2) ' profitable '.
364
mantol — marxnatta
mantol, s.f., mantol, D., ' balance ' (of scales), only in the phrase
may hdnny wedi troi r vantol, ' that finally decided me '.
manunna, s.pl., manwynnau, D., s.v. ' scrofula ' ; ' scrofula ' =
klu:y r brenin.
manuyl, adj., manwl, D., ' accurate, exact ' : sbi:o n vanuyl, ' to
scrutinize ' (O.K.).
manys, s., manus, D., s.v. ' achyron ', ' acus ', ' palea ' ; ' chaff'.
maygljo, v., ' to become entangled ' : pssgod wedi maygljo m 9
rhu:yd; Vein an maygljo (O.H.). Also baygljo.
marblan, s.f., pi. marblis, ' a marble ' : march's ko:yd, ' oak-apples '
(so called by children).
mardun, s.m., marwdonn, D., ' scurf, dandriff in the hair '. JJ.
had bardun.
mardur, s.m., marwddwfr, O.P., ' neap tide ' : ar vardur, ' at
neap tide ' ; — also ' still water '.
margjad, Marged, W.LI. i. 55, ' Margaret'.
margrig, s.pl., sing, morgrigin, margran, morgrug, D., * ants ' :
tumpaB margrig, 'anthill'.
man, ' Mary '. Cf. mair, malt, meri.
marjandtr, s.m., mariandir, O.P., * a place covered with small
loose stones, e. g. such as have fallen from mountain slopes '.
marjon, mar/an, s.pl., marian, D., ' small loose stones, e. g. fallen
from mountain slopes or taken from a gravel pit ' ; marjan Kerig,
' a heap of loose stones ' (I. W.) ; hem varjon briks, ' a heap of broken
bricks '(O.K.).
mark, s.m., pi. markja, marc, D., c mark '.
markjo, v., marcio, D.G. clxxi. 53 ; G.R. 42. 20 ; D., s.v. ' annoto ' ;
B.C. 136. 26, 'to mark', e.g. markjo u.yn, 'to mark lambs with
pitch ' ; — also ' to make a line across a stone with a mallet and
chisel, etc., etc/
marx, s.m., pi. me'trx, meix, march, D., ' horse ', in the expression
kasag dygovyn marx(= Kefyt) ; — also karag varx, ' mounting stone ';
marxmo:r, ' (fabulous) sea-serpent ' ; — gwenyn meirx (meix}, 'wasps',
sing, gwemnan veirx; hada marx meri (cf. marchfieri, D.), 'hips'
(berries).
marxa, marxjo, v., marcha, said of a mare maris appetens.
marxalan, s.,marchalan,D.(Bot.), 'elecampane' (InulaHelenium).
marxnad, s.f., pi. marxnadob, marchnad, D. (i) 'market':
durnod marxnad, ' market-day '. (2) 'bargain': gneyd marxnadt
'to strike a bargain', 'to come to terms '.
marxnatta, v., marchnatta, D. (i) 'to market'. (2) 'to make
a deal, do business ' : o:ys posib i mi rieyd marxnad i varxnatla hevo
Xti?, l is it possible for me to strike a bargain so as to make a deal
with you ? ' (O.H.).
— maswad 365
, s., marchwellt, ' tall, coarse grass '.
mar/an, s.f., pi. marljod, merlen, T.N. 472. 40, ' female pony '.
Cf. merlyn.
marljo, v., Eng. (Dial.) marl [to spread marl on land], used of
the action of the weather on land, making it suitable for cultivation :
giant, ghe.it, 53\dur m marljo r ti:r = gnfyd 9 ti:r m fit i gimmyd 9r
hadyd — m bigon ma:n, heb vod klobars maur mo vo (O.H.).
martfant, s.m., marchant, C.C. 9. 19 ; O.F. marchant, ' merchant '.
maru, v., marw, D., ' to die ' : may i braut i wedi maru, ' her
brother is dead ' ; kaud o wedi maru, ' he was found dead ' ; mi vy:o
vo varu ; kary o varu, 'he died'; neiB o varu?, 'will he die?' —
Generally used only in inf., but marwiB and marwob occur.
maru, adj., marw, D., 'dead ' : mi gadoS oy&elan varu, ' he killed
him on the spot ' ; Kin varwad a sglodyn, (a/ennog), ' as dead as a
door-nail ' ; — fig. ' stolid, impassive ' = "dirgmnur : may o n rhy:
varu, — ta:n maru, ' a dull fire '.
marwad, adj., marwaidd, D.,' heavy; sultry': teimlo n varwa&j
1 to feel heavy ' ; may hi n varwab, ' the weather is sultry ' (= gwigil,
sur6, flat).
marwol, adj., marwol, D., ' deadly, mortal ' : gwenwyn marwol,
klevyd marwol.
marwolaB, s.f., pi. marwoleyBa, marwolaeth, D., ' death '. Cf. aya.
marwor, s.pl., sing:, mjoryn, moryn, marwor, D., ' hot embers ' :
9n mynd velja:r ?y forbad ar varwor ta:n, i. e. ' to walk gingerly '.
masarn, s.pl., sing, sarnan, f., masarn, D., ' sycamores '. So
always O.H., but generally dgakmor.
masga, s.pl., sing, mesgin, cf. masgl, D., s.v. ' macula ' ; Eng.
maske of nette, macula, P.P. (i) ' meshes of a net': modvab
a hannar adi r mesgin i vo:d, * the mesh is supposed to measure an
inch and a half. (2) 'the warp and woof of cloth* (J.J.). (3)
' the first stitches by which the stocking is held to the needles ' :
rhoid hosan ar 9 masga ( = gwi:al), ' to put a stocking on the
needles ' ; rhoid ar 9 masga = ' to begin '.
masgy, v., cf. Eng. (Dial.) mask [to catch in a net], Ayr, ' to
catch in a net ' : may r p9sgod wedi masgy.
masrums, mafirums, s.pl., ' mushrooms '.
mastif, s.m., mastiff, C.C.M. 38. 21, 'mastiff*. As term of
reproach : ta:u, 9r he:n vastifl (O.H.).
maswab, s., maswedd, D., ' ribaldry ', in phr. kany maswab ; —
as adj. ' soft ' : 9 pe&a muya maswad ga:xit l the softest things
you could find* (speaking of small twigs, etc., to be used as
366 mat — maur
tinder) ; teimlo n vaswad, ' to feel soft ' (e. g. velvet) ; rubaQ maswad
jaun zdi li:n, ' flax is a very soft material '—(All O.H.).
mat, s.m., pi. matja, c mat f : matja niuburx^ ' Newborough mats ',
i. e. mats made of marram grass, used for putting under mattresses ,
on haystacks, etc.
matras, s.m., pi. matresi, mattras, D., cf. D.G. xxxii. 43, cxviii. 21,
' mattress '.
matf, s., ' match ' : mi darob o ar i vatf, ' he met his match '.
matf an, s.f., pi. matf is, ' match ' : gola, tanjo mat/an, ' to light
a match '.
mattar, s.m., pi. materjon, matter, M.LI. i. 145. 31 ; Acts xv. 6,
' matter ' : be dir mattar (ar or hevo) ?, ' what is the matter (with) ? ' ;
cf. Esther xv. 9 (= be sy /) ; tri:n mater j on pobol eril, ' to talk over
other people's concerns ' ; ta vattar am hmny, ' if that is anything,
for the matter of that '.
ma:6, s.m. (but r y:n va:9\ math, D., ' sort ' : xwara po:b ma:B o
gastja, ' to play all kinds of tricks ' ; / o:s na dim ma:B o verwyd mo
vo, ' there is not a spark of life in him ' ; r y: va:6 a vy:8 o bob dy:8,
'just as he does every day'; syt 9 may hi? r y: va:6, 'how is
she ? ' ' Just the same ' ; daxi wedi du:ad r y: va:6 a xMa, ' you
have come to yourself again '. — Cf. ba:6.
maQry, v., mathru, D., 'to trample ' : m maQry gwely bloda hevo
i hegla (O.K.).
maun, s.m., mawn, D., ' peat ' : haul tori maun, ' the right of
cutting peat ' ; weyn vaun, ' peat bog ' ; /ord garjo maun, ' a road
for carrying peat ' ; pul maun, ' a hole where peat has been dug '.
maur, adj., pi. mewrjon, comp. mu:y, eq. Kimmint, sup. muya,
mawr, D. (i) ' great, large, big ' : mi neiO o djom maur, ' it will do
a great deal of good ' ; / o:yb na dim le: i baf'o a minna mor vaur,
' I was too big to get through ' ; h%uyn ar vry:s maur, ' to start in
a great hurry ' ; gneyd rubaQ o va:\ i vaur, ' to enlarge something ' ;
sbel vaur, ' a long time ' ; giant maur, ' heavy rain ' ; may hi n eira
maur, ' the snow is falling heavily ' ; ' there has been a heavy fall
of snow ' ; may i wa:lt o n vaur, ' his hair is long ' ; aur vaur,
' a good hour ', i.e. ' a full hour or more ' ; — as adv., gneyd m vaur o,
1 to make the most of ' : rhaid gneyd m vaur o bo:b durnod bra:v
ga:ni ru:an; — di:olxm vaur, c thank you very much '. (2) ' stormy ' :
t0wy§ maur, ' stormy weather ' (cf. Fr. ' gros temps ') ; may r noson
3n mynd m vaur, ' the night is getting stormy '. (3) as adverb in
the form vaur : dim vaur wel, ' not much better ' ( = dim lawar
gwel) • t o.yd o vaur vebul mod i n mynd fur, ' he little thought I
was going away ' ; vasa vo vaur neyt hynna tasa vo y gubod, ' he
would never have done that if he had known '. (4) as subs. : dim
mauredog — medry 367
vaur o g*xod, ' not many boats ' ; vy:b gini hi vaur o frindja nyn[a,
' she will not have many friends anywhere ' ; vrta vo vaur i \i
gneyt i, ' it would not be much for you to do it '; ' you might do
it ' ; nid maur -gmonu am hmny, l they don't worry about that ' ;
vaint ro:6 o at 9 kasgljad ? vaurjaun, ' how much did he give to the
collection ? ' ' Next to nothing '. — See also Kimminl, mu:y.
mauredog, adj., mawreddog, D., ' assuming ', ' imposing ' : riu
grjadyr maurebog )di o, ' he thinks a great deal of himself ' ; Ktfyl ?y
kampjo a golug mauredog arno vo, ond m mynd Mm gwerQ. — O.H.
mavlyd, v., ymaflyd, D., s.v. • luctor ' ; 'to catch hold of (one
another) ' : wedi mynd i mavlyd m i &ilid. Cf. me{yd.
mavon, s.pl., mafon, D., mavon (koxjori), 'raspberries1; mavon
gwi^tjon, ' wild raspberries '.
ma.yts, s.pl., Eng. vails, ' tips, gratuities '. Cf. T.N. 163. 4. Ni
cheisiwn fawr chwerthin oni welwn gael I'm gafel ryw fael ar gyfer.
mayn, s.m., pi. meini, maen, D., ' stone ', implying generally one
of large size, e. g. a prehistoric standing stone ; — also ' a large stone
laid on its side to form a coping for a wall ' (O.H.) ; karjo i va:yn i r
wal, ' to carry one's point ', ' to drive the nail home ' ; — ma:yn klo:,
' keystone ' ; ma:yn (fvot ' grindstone ' ; sa:yr ma.yn, ' stone-mason '.
ma:yr, s.m., pi. meyron, maer, D., ' mayor'.
mayQ, s.m., maeth, D., ' nourishment ' : / o:ys na dim ma:y& mo
vo; — ka:l may 6 da:; — tonny 2 may 6.
mdolig \dolig\.
mdrexgar, mdreyva, mdrexy [?mdrexgar, etc.].
me:, s., childish word for ' sheep '.
mebyd, s.m., mebyd, D., ' childhood ' : o vebyd, ' from childhood '.
medal, s.f., pi. medala, 'medal '.
medar, s.m., medr, R., ' skill '.
medelur, s.m., medelwr, D., ' reaper '.
medi, v., medi, D., ' to reap ' (with a sickle).
medi, s.m., Medi, D., ' September '.
medry, v., medru, D. Pres. S. i. medra, 2. medrt\ 3. medar, etc.
Plup. medr sun. (i) 'to be able ' : vedar o dim farad gjstal a \i:t
' he can't speak as well as you ' ; vedra vo dim du:ad, ' he couldn't
come ' ; os medra i vynd, mi a.-v, ' if I can go, I will ' ; vedar ne:b neyd
ond i ora, ' one can but do one's best ' ; vedrun in 9 myu §e\ra> ' I
couldn't begin for the life of me ' ; mi vedrifredag, ' I was able to
run ' ; dy:n an rhedag hmny vedra vo (hmny vedra i v&ivydo, O.H.),
' a man running as fast as he could ' ; dim m rhoid hsnny vedra
vo; — paub hmny vedar o, 'every one (at it) hammer and tongs'.
(2) ' to know ' : may o n medry fom~ra:ig mjaun, ' he knows Welsh
368 medrys — medul
well ' ; medry i veibil, ' to know his Bible ' ; medry i waiQ, etc. —
medrys, adj., medrus, D., ' bene moratus, se bene gerens ' ;
' capable, skilful '.— Cf. gafyog.
me:d, meQ, s.m., medd, D., ' mead '.
meda, v., meddaf, D., 'I say', in parenthetical clauses (only in
the present and imperfect). Pres. S. i. me8a vi, 2. meda ti, 3. meda
vo} etc. Imperf. medun i, ' 1 said ' : ' n da 'x*: am vynd i r nevod ? '
meda vo: ' ddu ', meda vot ' ond dim hevo r sgzrfn ma ', meda vo,
" ' aren't you going to heaven ? ', says he : ' yes ', says he, ' but not in
this excursion train ', says he " ; ' Kerux ana ax hy:n ', meda vinna uQi
hi, " 'go there yourself, say I to her".
medal, adj., meddal, D., 'soft': e.g. dylo medal; — of persons
(i) ' soft-hearted ' : daxi n rhy: vedal o lawar. (2) ' weak ', e. g. not
hard at a bargain, or unable to resist temptation : dy:n medal hevo
di:od.
medaly, v., meddalu, D., ' to soften '.
meddod, s., meddwdod, D. ; cf. meddtot, W.S., ' drunkenness '.
meMg, s.m., pi. medzgon, meddyg, D., ' doctor '. More commonly
doktor.
me&gmjaB, s.f., pi. medi£infey0a, meddyginiaeth, D., 'medicine,
remedy ' : may n jyndan vebiginjaQ at bo:b pe:6 ond rhak hiraB, ' in
London there is a remedy for everything except against longing '.
medu, adj., eq. medzvad, meddw, D., ' drunk' : may o ny.nfottyn
medu ; may o n liprin medu, ' he is a drunken sot ' ; liyk loyk vebu,
' drunk and swaying from side to side ' ; — Kin vedwad a r beipan ; 9m
betpan vedu. — Cf. xwi-'l'
medul, v., cf. meddylio, D. Fut. S. i. dtfja, 2. Mi, 3. d?h'0, etc.
Imperf. S. i. toljun. PI. 2. toljax. Pret. S. i. dzli's, 3. toljo*. PI. i.
folson. Plup. S. i. folf'un. Imperative medul; m9toljux» (i) £to
think, to hold as an opinion ' : dma vo:, du i n medul, ' that's it, I
think ' ; du i n medul vo:d o wedi mynd, ' I think he has gone ' ; T
oydam n medul mai xi' pi:& (bi:a) rhei n, ' we thought these were
yours ' ; du i n medul dnfu:r bo:t i ar 9 frurd, ' I feel sure it is on the
table ' ; pobol 'vasaxi ri'oyd m medul 9 basa vo n dzlanwady 'arnynuy
1 people you would never have thought he would have influenced ' ;
daxi n medul 3 kmniB of, 'do you think it will light ? ' ; r o:n i n
medul 'faraxi dim 9n hi:r zn hogyn da:, ' I thought you wouldn't be
a good boy for long ' ; mi dzljax na: Soda menyn n i x^'k i, ' you
would think butter would not melt in her mouth ' ; r o:n i n medul
vasun i by6 wj farad ano, ' I thought I should never get there ' ; mi
dtfjax arno vo na vedar o m farad, ( you would think by the look of
him he cannot talk ' ; vasun i dim m medul hnny ami hi xwaM,
1 1 would not think that by the look of her either '. (2) ' to think
medul — mtidjo 369
(as a sustained action of the mind), to meditate ' : medul rfanQa i:
V9 hynan. (3) with am, ' to think of, keep one's mind upon ' :
•/ oydanu n medul am dim ond am vynd ajan a \adu ri:at, ' they were
bent on nothing but on going out and making a disturbance ' ; basa
n we[ i \i vedul mu:y am 3 pe:6 Kin farad, ' it would be better if you
thought more about the matter before talking ' ; dary \i vedul am
r hanas deydis i neiQjur ?, ' did you think about the story I told
last night ? ' (4) * to think, take into one's head ' : 'vrianu Mm m
medul sgwenny at 9 ^vja:yr, ' they never think of writing to my
sister ' ; — similarly, ail vedul, ' to change one's mind '. (5) with o,
1 to think of ' (Fr. ' penser de ') : be da\i n vedul o hono vo />, ' what
do you think of him ? ' ; — dim m medul digon o hono i hy:n ; m medul
rhy: v^\an o hono i hy:n. (6) * to intend, mean, expect ' : mi gwelis
i hi heb vedul i gwelt i, ' I saw her by chance ' ; mi vy:om i n medul
neyd o, ' I meant to do it '; / qydun i dim m medul i \i vynd, smaljo
oydun i, ' I did not mean you to go, I was joking '. (7) * to mean,
to allude to': hunna daxi n vedul?, 'is this what you mean?'
(8) ' to mean, signify '.
medul, s.m., pi. msdylja, meddwl, D. (i) ' thought ' : hel mrttfja
dru:g, ' to take a pessimistic view of things '. (2) * mind ' ; korf a
medul, ' body and mind ' ; may po:b ma:6 o beda n du:ad t medul i,
' all sorts of things come into my mind '. (3) ' intention ' : may
o rhuy day vedul, ' he cannot make up his mind ' ; mi a:Q mo
a i mhedul gida hi, 'she went there with some definite intention'.
(4) ' estimation ' : r o:yd gmo vo vedul maur o hono vo, ' he thought
a great deal of him '.
medwi, v., meddwi, D. (i) 'to become intoxicated* : wedimedwi,
' drunk ' ; fig. ' to become excited ' : medwi hevo r puyk sy dan sylu
(O.H.). (2) ' to intoxicate '. (3) ' to become giddy ' : -tendjuxi
vedwi.
medwol, adj., meddwol, ' intoxicating ' : di:od vedwol.
medwyn, s.m., meddwyn, D., s.v. ' potator' ; 'drunkard'.
medsgas, s.f., meddyges, W.LI, xxxii. 14, in the plant-name
med^gas benlas, ' self-heal ' (Prunella vulgaris).
medrigar, mzdzlgar, adj., meddylgar, D., ' thoughtful, heedful * ;
* far-seeing, calculating '.
megin, s.f., pi. megina, megin, D., ' a pair of bellows ' : tru:yn 9
ve&in, ' nozzle of the bellows '.
megis, adv., megis, megys, D. ; 'as it were ' : / ydi hi dim ond
megis de\ra, ' it is only beginning as it were ' ; megis do:y, ' as it
were yesterday '.
mehevin, myhevin, s.m., Mehefin, D., 'June'.
me'ity'o ; beidjo (the latter is rarely used), v., beiddio, D., ' to dare ' :
3 70 meixja — melys
vasun i dim zn met&jo (yetijun i Sim) neyd o, ' I would not dare to do
it ' ; os meity'uxitj f if you dare ! ' (cf. beitigar).
meixja, s.m., pi. meixjavon, meichiau, D., ' surety '.
meilun, meiluy, s.m., pi. meibya, meilwn, D., ' ankle*.
met'lfon, s.pl., sing. meij/onan, meillion, D., ' bird's-foot trefoil'
(Lotus corniculatus) and, no doubt, various species of Trifolium.
meinar, s.m., ' miner '.
meindjo, v., 'to pay heed, care for ' : meindjo dim by:d mo vo, c to
pay no heed to him ' ; du i dim m meindjo dim by:d meun tattus,
' I don't care the least for potatoes '.
meiygevn, s.m., meingefn, Prov. xxx. 31, ' the small of the back ' :
gaval am 9 meiygevn.
meiygig, s.m., meingig, ' fat * : sglisan o veiygig mo:\ (J.J.) ; — also
at Llanfairfechan : meiygig gwyn wedi tori n Srabja Kiljon.
meirjonyb, Meirionydd : fi:r veirjonyti, ' Merionethshire '.
meitin, s., meityn, D., ' a considerable time ' : may r Kinjo m barod
er s meitin, ' dinner has been ready for some time ' ; may hi n dexra
tufy er s meiiinjaun, ' it has been beginning to get dark for a good
long time '.
me'i&rin, v., meithrin, D., ' to tend carefully ' : meiQrin koyd,
devaid, gwarQag.
me:l, s.m., m^l, D., 'honey': did me:l, 'honeycomb'; da\iwedi
hel tippin go le:u o ve:l i r ku:x, 'you have feathered your nest
nicely ' ; bytta 9 me:l o r ku:x, ' to live on one's capital ' ; may o n
i)e:l ar i vssab o, ' it is honey on his fingers ' — expressing joy at
another's misfortunes.
melin, s.f., pi. melina, melin, D., ' mill ' : melin 8u:r, gofi, bappyr,
byppyr, etc. ; fo:ys melin, ' millstream ' ; melin wynt, ' windmill ' —
also used of an apparatus to frighten birds ; — may o n mynd i neyd
melin ag egluys, ' he is going to work wonders ' ; troi 9 du:r at i
velin i hy:n, ' to turn something to one's own advantage '.
melvadt s.m., melfed, L.G.C. 158 [41] ; G.I. xxiv. 9 ; D., ' velvet '.
melva-red, s., ' corduroy ' (O.H.).
nujydj v., ymaflyd, D., s.v. 'luctor'; ymeulyd, D.F. [94]. 3:
melyd kodum, ' to wrestle ' (O.H.). Cf. mavlyd.
melyn, adj., fem. melon ; pi. mbnjon ; comp. mbnax, ' yellow '.
As applied to the complexion, ' brown ' : smotja melyn, ' freckles '
(= br?xni hayl) ; kro:yn melyn, ' brown skin ' ; kloban velan vaur
•ayfonnas, 'a great bouncing repulsive woman with a brown
complexion '.
melys , adj., melus and melys, D., ' sweet' : \eir mo r melys heb 9
me:(f — 'mcriKa 371
xweru (prov.), ' every rose has its thorns ' ; gumman melys, ' edible
seaweed '.
me.'l/, s.pl., sing. me(tan, f., mfcllt, D., ' lightning ', in sing. ' flash
of lightning ' ; may hi y gli'yo me:^, ' it is lightning ' ; may r vegan
wedi trawo r goydan, * the tree has been struck by lightning ' ; fay
gmtad a meftan, ' as quick as lightning ' ; slipja d) toy dro:ydy:n o
dan bo:b Kesal a fur a ti vel median , a facetious way of telling some
one to clear off quickly (O.H.).
melti&edig, adj., melldigedig, D., s.v. ' deuotus ' ; ' cursed '.
mel/M, s.m.f., pi. megtitijon, melltith and ymelldith, D., ' curse'.
mel/Mjo, v., melldithio, D., ' to curse '.
mena, Menai, D.G. xxxiii. 16 ; 9 vena, avon mena, ' Menai Straits '.
mendjo, v., emendaw, L.A. 56. 17 ; ymendaw, S.G. 41.8; 'mendio
(sic), D.G. cxcvi. 40 ; mendio, W.LI. xi. 27 ; M.LI. i. 253. 29 ;
ymendio, D.P.O. 361. 13; Eng. amend, mend, 'to get better,
recover ' (from an illness) : da\i wedi mendjo n aru \adal 'oyba\i
%o:y, ' you are much better than you were yesterday ' ; kofi r aval
ma:y o, vendiQ o Mm, 'he is going fast; he will not get better* ; —
also trans, mi ro:B o bekpynt i boktor, ga:yl mendjo vo, ' he gave ten
pounds to a doctor to have him cured '.
mennyd, s.m., ymmennydd, D., 'brain': da\i n bigon i towsy
mennyd ?r y:n kradyr /laud, ' you are enough to muddle the brains
of any poor fellow '.
mentro, v., mentrio, W.LI. Ixvi. 48; M.LI. i. 145. 29; mentro,
D.P.O. 28. 34; 42. 8, *to venture': os na 'ventru\i beB 'niluxi &m,
* nothing venture, nothing have ' ; mi ventriQ 9-y glos jaun 'atto\i,
* it will venture quite close to you ' (e.g. a bird) ; mi ventra i n fauns,
' I'll chance it ' ; — substantively : / o:ys na h'm mentro 'arnynu, ' they
are not venturesome, enterprising '.
menirys, adj., ' venturesome, enterprising '.
menyn, s.m., ymenyn, D., 'butter': bara menyn, 'bread and
butter ' (cf. bre\tan) ; bru:as menyn \bru:as\ ; printan o venyn, ' a
pat of butter ' ; rhoi menyn te:u, ' to spread butter thick ' ; menyn
gwyrb) ' butter without salt formerly kept to apply to sores, etc/
me:r, s.m., mer, D., ' marrow '.
mertyn, s., pi. mzrtonod, murddun, D., ' ruins ' : ty: wedi x^aly
n ver&yn.
meri, s.pl., sing, meran. f., mieri, D., ' brambles ' : drain meri,
1 blackberry bushes ' (O.H.) ; mar\ meri, ' wild rose trees ' ; hada
marx meri, ' hips ' = mukkog ',—fon o varx meran.
meri, ' Mary ' : ma: gormod o meri dge:n yno vo, ' he is too much
of an old woman '. Cf. m air, mart, mali.
•men'Ka, ' America ' ; always with the article, e. g. myndir meriKa.
B b 2
372 mer\ — meun
merxaid 9n reit vy:an i godi beta, ' women are very quick at finding
fault ' ; may o n verx o dy:n, ' he is an old woman ' ; may o n farad
vel merx, ' he talks like a woman ' ; he:n verxy ' old maid '.
merxar, Mercher, dy merxar, ' Wednesday '.
merxetta, v., mercheta, T.N. 26. 7, ' to go after women ' : le:
:by:ostt n merxetta mor hu:yr ?
, adj., merchetaidd, ' fond of going after women ' : dy:n
merxetttfr, s.m., merchetwr, O.P., ' one who goes after women '.
merlyn, s.m., pi. marljod, merlyn, { pony '. Fern, marlan.
merjyd, adj., ' insipid ' = mervab.
mervad, mervad, adj., cf. merf, D., ' insipid ' = 'dirvla:s ; also of
water which has stood for a long time : hem vla:s mervad ar 3 du:r.
me:s, s.pl., sing, mesan, m6s, D., ' acorns ' : kuppan mesan, * cup
of an acorn '.
mesyr, s.m., pi. mesyra, messur, W.B., col. 96. 21 ; mesur, D.,
* measure ' : rhoi mesyr 9 tro:yd, ' to have one's foot measured '.
mesyr, v., mesur, 2 Cor. x. 12, 'to measure ' : mesyr paub u3 i
laQan i hy:n, ' to measure all by his own ell '.
metl/o, v., ' to break stones to mend the road '.
metljur, s.m., '"road-mender '.
mettal, s.f., mettel, L.A. 80. 27; L.G.C. 291 [31]; D.,
* metal ' ; also ' substance ' : karag o vettal jaun, ' good sound
stone ' (O.H.) ; syntyr = 9 vettal gletia o 6ri:8t an rhy: sy:r i dwy
dim i hy:n (Q.H?).
me& [me:&].
•medadys, s.m., pi. meBadistjaid, ' Methodist '. Also adj. : kappal
'meQadys.
meBjant, me6jantys> adj., methiant, D., ' old and feeble '.
me6y, v., methu, D. Pret. PI. i. meQson. Plup. nieQsun, 'to
fail, to be unable ' : du i n meQy kovfo i enu vo, ' I can't remember
'his name ' ; dary hi ve6y mynd neiQjur, ' she couldn't go last night ' ;
0:8 hi n meQy gubod be neyda hi, ' she didn't know what to do ' ; mi
veBis a xa:l dy:n i rieyd ot ' I couldn't get a man to do it ' ; meQy
gweld ^ ko:yd gin brenja, ' not to see the wood for the trees '.
meujan, v., mewian, D., ' to mew '.
meun, mjaun, prep., mewn, D. ; cf. meawn, C.L.C. ii. 29. 9;
C.C.M. 13. 6, ' in'. The distinction between meun and m corre-
sponds to some extent to that between Fr. ' en ' and ' dans ', i. e.
mevys — mi 373
rneiin is used when the noun is not preceded by a defining word :
byu meun gobaiB, ( to live in hope ' ; pobol mean o:yd, * people getting
on in years ' ; mi irho:B o meun kuppurb, ' he put him in a cupboard ' ;
meun golug, ' in sight ' ; meun for 6 o farad \ ' so to speak ' ; meun
po:yn, trafarB, helbyl, by:d, * in trouble ' ; meun dim, ' in a second ;
within an ace (of) ' ; dim ty kgedy bo:ddyu meun bo:d, ' not believing
in the existence of God ' ; kredy meun peBa ovargoylys, ' to believe
in superstitions ' ; meun rhiu viffir i abar, ' within a mile or so of
Aber ' ; r o:d hi meun lair i bedwar igjan, l she was seventy-seven ' ;
meun x^artar aur, ' in quarter of an hour '. — /' veun, i vjaun, adv.,
1 within, in ' : o:ys ne:b i veun />, ' is any one in ? ' ; d#u\ i veun,
1 come in ' ; odi veun, * from within ; inside '.
mevys, s.pl., sing, mevysan, mefus, D., ' strawberries '.
mewaB, s.f., dimewerth, W.S., ' halfpennyworth '.
meydan, s.f., maeden, B.C. 33.18; Eng. maiden ; ' slut ' : r he:n
veydan vydyr.
mfydy, v., maeddu rectius baeddu, D. Pret. me'ito's (I.W.). (i)
' to dirty, spoil ' : may r plant m meyfy r [i:an, ' the children dirty
the table-cloth ' ; ro:don meydy vi hevo i glistja, ' he (the dog) was
messing me with his ears ' ; 9 peBa da\i wedi meyfy, * the things
you have used ' (i. e. tea-things). (2) * to beat brutally '. — More
rarely beyfy, q.v.
meyBlon, adj., maethlon, ' nourishing ' : be di r peB muya meyBlon
i grsf'hay dy:n ?
meyByn, mheyByn, adj., ammheuthun, D., with pe:B 'a. dainty,
a treat ' : by:b hunna m be:B meyByn (n veyByn) i mi, ' that will be
a dainty for me ' ; may o m be:6 mheyByn jaun weld o n mynd, * it is
a treat to see him go '.
ff^w0X,adj.,adv.,amgenach, comp.of amgen,D., 'better, different,
otherwise ' : may hun 9 mgenax na hunna, l this is better than that ' ;
m ay n lawar jaun mgenax vel na, * it is much better like that ' ; mi
vasun i n disgul rubaB mgenax na hmny oruBaxi, ' I should have
expected something better than that from you ' ; -wybonu Sim mgenax,
4 they know no better '.
mgernjal, mgernjo \imgernjai\.
m&ity'ad, v., ymguddio, D., s.v. ' occulo ' ; 'to hide (oneself) '.
mi, mi. Affirmative particle used, when making a statement,
before all possible tenses and all persons of verbs except the 3rd pers.
sing. pres. of bo:d, — followed by r before the present and generally
before the imperfect of bo:d. This word appears to have been
originally the pronoun ' mi ' employed in such locutions as ' mi
a'i gwelais ef, 'I saw him'; but it has now usurped also the
functions of the literary ' fe ' as in ' fe welodd ef y dyn ', ' he
saw the man '. Thus we have mi gwelis i o, but mi welob o 3
dy:n. The use of the radical after mi is extended by analogy to all
374
mi: — mi:n
cases in which a pronoun is the direct object of the verb and the
subject is a pronoun (expressed or understood), e. g. mi gwela i di,
' I see you ' (also mi dz wela i di) ; miKeidihil, ' you'll catch it ! ' ;
mi gwvudjoS vi, ' he made game of me ' ; but mi do: i, ' I shall
come ' ; mi da:u o, ' he will come ' ; mi get di iveld o, ' you shall
see him ' ; mi gripjob 9 ga:B vt, ' the cat scratched me '.
mi: (when not stressed, mi), pron., mi, D., 'I, me', only used
after the prepositions a, hevo, i; na (than), and dary. Cf. /':, vi:,
rvi:, minna and mi (particle).
mi:g, s., mic, D.F. [132]. 12, 'hide-and-seek': xwara mi:g ; —
also used in children's language for ' bo-peep '.
'miga'moga \^igam'ogam~\.
migmars (I.W.) ; migmas (J.J. ; O.H.), s.m., nigmars, D.G.
cxliii. 17 (= necromancy); migmars, G.O. ii. 231. 2, 'gesture,
sign', such as raising the finger, winking, etc.: gneyd (= tinny)
riu vigmas arno vo gad i§o vo vynd akin, l to make some sign to
him to make him go out '.
migno(O.H.} ; migjo (J.J.), v., cf. migno, M.F., ' to trample, tread
down ' : migno r y:d o dan i dra:yd (O.H.).
migurn, s.m., pi. migzrna, migwrn, D., ' knuckle ' : welis i 8im na
migurn nag asgurn o honi hi, ' I never saw a trace of it again ',
speaking, e. g. of a cat which has run off with a chicken (O.H.).
mikkuSy s., mikws, C.C.M. 324. 23 (? Eng. mix). Only occurs
in the expression Kin syrad a r vikkus. W.LI. (Voc.) has micas,
' browes ; migas ', which D. quotes (s.v. ' micas '), adding the
definition : Offulae adipatae, panis jure madidus, adipatum. D. also
gives " miccws, y w'r peth a fydd wrth y dwsel " quoting the same
authority, but this is not to be found in Morrice's edition (W.LI,
defines ' dwsel ' as ' powsed ', i. e. posset) — J.J. explained the word
doubtfully as gloyvon sikkan.
milan, adj., milein, R.B. 280. 4; bilein, B.H. 129. 32 ; milain,
W.S. [Rude] ; D. ; cf. D.G. Ivii. 28, xciv. 45, cxxxii. 27; O.F.
vilain, 'angry, sullen, ill-tempered, furious, savage' (followed by
the prep. u&) : golug milan kmdeirjog ; — r o:n i n teimlo n vilan
vrunt (O.H.); — Kefyl, Hi: milan = bli:n, anod i dri:n.
milSail, s., milddail, D., ' yarrow ' = bffa r gweydlyn (Achillsea
Millefolium).
milgi, s.m., pi. milguns, milgi, D., 'greyhound' : mynd vel milgi.
miltir, s.f., pi. mt'ltirod, milldir, D., ' mile '.
mi:n, s.m., pi. minja, min, D., ' edge ' : rhoid mi:n ar rubaB, ' to
sharpen something ' ; may digon o vi:n arno^o, ' it is sharp enough ' ;
z ly: mi:n, ' the sharp side ' (e. g. of a blade) ; (fig.) rhaid i mi droi
9 ty: mi:n tio (atto) vo, ' I must show him my sharp side ' ; ' I must
minjar — miu 375
exert my authority with him ' ; — mi:n 9 geya, l the verge of the
winter ' ; ar vi:n hsgy, ' on the point of going to sleep '.
minjar , s.f., in slate quarries, ' a kind of wedge-shaped chisel
inserted in a joint and driven in by a mallet, in order to detach a
piece of rock which has been already loosened by blasting ' (J.J.).
minjog, adj., miniog, D. (i) ' sharp, keen-edged ' (of tools, etc.) ;
3\sodannat,gwina& minjog', fig. tavodminjog. (2) 'caustic, sarcastic'.
minna, pron., minnau, G.R. [121], 8, 1 1, me'. Conjunctive
form of mi:, i:.
min/'ar, s.m., minf'ars, mansier, W.S., ' manger '.
mintis, s., mintys, D. (Bot.), ' mint '.
mii/Keg, s.m., Eng. mint-cake, minceg, ' a kind of sugary toffee
flavoured with mint '.
miri, s.m., miri, ' tumult, noise, confusion ' : r o:& no viri maur ;
kodi miri.
mt:s, s.m., pi. misot, mis, D., ' month ' ; generally inserted before
names of months, e. g. yn niwab mi:s mait ' at the end of May '.
mist, mifi, adj., misi, T.N. 17. 6, ' fastidious ': da\i wtdi mynd
m visi jaun (e. g. with food).
mistar, s.m., pi. mistrjad, mistradob, meistr, D. (influenced by Eng.
mister), (i) 'master' : du i n fu:r na 'vo: vasa » mistar > ' 1 am
sure he would be the master ' ; am vo:d zn vistar ar baub^ ' inclined
to lord it over every one ' ; may o n vistar korn arno vo, ( he has him
under his thumb ' ; also fern, r o:d iwraig 3n vistar arno vo ; — may o n
vistar ar i waiff, ' he is a thorough master of his craft ' ; may mistar
ar mistar mostyn (prov.), ' there is one above you yet ' ; mistar ti:r,
1 landlord ' ; sgu:l mistar, ' schoolmaster ' ; may hi wedi gneyd mistar
•arnont, ' we couldn't manage it ' ; 'it got the better of us ' ; dary mi
dim gneyd mistar ami hi etto, ond na i setlo hi vory, ' I haven't
mastered it yet, but I'll settle it to-morrow'. (2) 'Mr.': mistar
be: da'xi: ' Mr. who are you ? '
mistras, s.f., meistres, D., s.v. ' magistra' ; cf. D.G. cxiv. 43 (but
the present form is probably direct from the English), ' mistress '.
mistrolgar, strolgar, adj. (i) ' masterful ' : riu he:n 8y:n strolgar
brunt. (2) ' having obtained the mastery over ; expert, skilful ' :
mynd m vistrolgar ar rubaO, ' to master something ' ; dy:n mistrolgar
= dy:n m medry stroll i waiO.
mistroli, mystroli, bastroli, stroli, v., meistroli, L.G.C., p. 215 [29];
D., s.v. 'frango'; 'to get the mastery over; to lord it over :
mistroli paub.
mistrolur, s.m. (i) 'an expert, skilful man, a master hand':
mistrolur ar i waiQ. (2) ' a masterful man '.
mif'o, v., misio, T.N. 157. 22, ' to miss'.
miu [stu\.
376 miusig — mo:x
miusig, s.m., music, B.B.C. 13. 4; miwsig, I.G. 462. [5] ; muwsic,
B.C. 58. 8, ' music '.
mlemi'g, mileinig, adj., mileinig, C.C. 17. 29; D.P.O. 109. 24,
' furious, ready to fly into a passion ' : may o n wy:lt vileinig.
mleinjo, mileinjo, v., 'to be in a rage, to be furious '. Also trans.
mleinjo t giliti.
mlmyb, s.m., pi. melimty'on, s.m., melinydd, D., * miller '.
mli/i'n, s.m., 'militia-man': krop mlifm, said of hair cut very
short : may' o wedi ka:yl krop mhfin.
mlmfy, adj., melynddu, B.C. 6.20, ' dark yellow ', e. g. of freckles
(brsxni hayl).
mbnuy, s.m., melynwy, D., 'yolk of an egg V
mbny, v., melynu, D., s.v. ' flaueo ' ; 'to become yellow ' : 'to
make yellow '.
median, pet name for ' Magdalen ' ; — sometimes used as a pet
name for a cat.
modruy,s.f.,-p\. modruya, modrwy, D.> 'ring'; 'curl': may i
gwalt 3n troi n vodruya, ' her hair curls ' ; — sometimes used of the
' peg ' in a pig's snout (=peg) ; — also of ' a halo round the moon '
modruyo, v., modrwyo, 'to put a "peg" in a pig's snout* =
modruyog, adj., modrwyog, R., ' curling ' : gwa:lt modruyog
(= k3rljog\
modryb, s.f., pi. modraboti] modryb, D., 'aunt'.
modvab, s.f., pi. modvedi, modfedd, D., ' inch '.
mo:8, s.m., pi. mobjon, modd, I), (i) 'way, manner': mo:8 a
dyl, ' way and manner ' ; xz&z r y:n mo:d, ' the same to you '
/answer to a good wish) ; m 9 mo:8 gweyQa, ' in the worst fashion '.
(2) ' means ' (generally in pi.) : / o:ys gmo vo 8im mo:8 i neyd o,
' he cannot afford to do it ' ; / o:ys gmo vo dim mod/on i hmny.
moi, Moi, G.O. ii. 161. 4, pet name for Morris.
mb'iljo, v., cf. moeli, D., in phr. moiljo i glistja, ' to lay back his
ears ' (of a horse).
moiljo, v., ' to discharge ' (of the eyes), O.H. Cf. mo:yl (2).
moirjo ; muirjo (O.H.), v., genweiriaw, O.P., ' to angle ' : gjalam
vuirjo, ' fishing-rod ' (O.H.). Cf. genwar.
mo.% s.pl., sing, moxyn, m., m6ch, D., ' pigs ' (in general) ; also
'hogs'. The stages in a pig's growth are (i) porxal, (2) story n,
(3) !?&** — kut moxyftj 'pigsty'; Ki:g mo:x, 'bacon' (= bekn^
bakkun) ; meun xwiykjad mo%yn, ' in a twinkling ' ; mynd m dra:yd
mo\a — morai ff 377
mo:x [/ro.yd] ;— moxyn dfyar, 'badger' (= pry: /»•></); moxyn
mo:r, ' whelk ' (Fusus antiquus, etc.). — As term of reproach : r he:n
voxyn bydyrl, 'you dirty pig!'; moxyn gro:U, 'you fourpenny pig ! '
mo\a, v., mocha, O.P., in the exp. hu:\ vo\a, ' a brood sow '.
mo\al, v., ymochelyd, R., ' to shelter ' : dan 9 goydan i mo\al
gla.-u, ' under the tree sheltering from the rain '; tary mi vo\al rjiag
r e'tra fan 9 graig.
moxod, s.pl., sing. moxyn, mochod, only in moxodkoyd, ' fir-cones '.
moxwat, adj., mochynaidd, O.P. (i) ' piggish '. (2) ' sulky*.
moldan, s.f, pi. moldjat cf. molt, L.G.C., 305. [14], ' mould'.
moldjo, v., ' to mould ' ; moldjo Kerig, ' to trim stones to the right
dimensions ', e. g. setts ; moldjo bara, ' to mould bread '.
mo/xt, v., ymolchi, W.B., col. 5. 32, 'to wash oneself: mol\i
(golx*) * nyl<> J — rhaid i mi molxi ; — du i n mynd i mol\i.
mo:n, Mon ; fi:r vo:n, * Anglesey ' ; mo:x mo:nt epithet applied to
the inhabitants of Anglesey.
monni, v., monni, D., ' to sulk '.
monwant, s.f., pi. mmwentyb, mynwent, D., s.v. * camiterium ' ;
monwent, s.v. ' sepulchretum ', 'sepultura'; 'churchyard, cemetery':
&tya gla:s> monwant vra:s (prov.).
mopjo, v., Eng. mope, (i) 'to become stupid '. (2) ' to make
stupid ', e. g. by 'continual punishing, by a blow on the head, etc. :
— may hon a hon m mopjo i flant — mgernjal vyQ a hevyd — ?n rhoi
slappa ba:x ytynu a iavodi a konstro (O.H.). (3) in gen. sense
1 to pelt ' : mopjo hevo peli eira (O.H.)
mopran, s.f., pi. mopgenm, ymotbren, D., s.v. ' ligula ' ; ' a kind of
wooden spoon or piece of wood for stirring porridge '.
mor, adv., mor, D. (i) -'as', followed by an adjective in the
positive degree (= Kin with the equative) : mo:r o:yr abfant ; mor
•8i:'gwth'B a pen r/ia:u, mor drum afexod, etc. ; — / idi hibim mor o:yr
ag o.yd hi do.y, ' it is not so cold as it was yesterday ' ; / *dt r bexgin
dim mor &oy6 a i gilib, ' all the young fellows are not equally wise '.
(2) ' so ' : may r dy:b mor vyr /, ' the days are so short '. (3) ' how ' :
pa: mor vy.an da\i y Kerbad ?, ' how fast do you walk ? ' ; wybun i
dim pa: mor vy:an o:d o y Kerbad, 'I did not know how fast he walked'.
700.V, s.m., pi. morobt m6r, D., ' sea ' : mynd at 9 mo:r, ' to go to
the sea ' ; mynd i r mo:r, ' to go to sea ' ; ' to go into the sea ' ; may
r mo:r 9m bul xwi''&d, ' the sea is like a duck-pond ' ; m 9 mo:r maur,
ar ganol mo:r maur pel, 'far out at sea'; — roughness of the sea is
expressed by may r mo:r 9n aru, ma na vo:r garu, mayrmo:r 9y kyro
n aru ; cf. also morjog, r9/, tonnog ; — ma na vo:r o la:u etto, ' there is
plenty of rain still to fall ' ; gneyd mo:r a nunyb, ' to do wonders '.
moraitf (J.J.), moratf (O.H.), morasg (E.J.), s.pl., morhesg,
378 mordan — morteifo
D., s.v. 'matta'; 'sea-reed, bent-grass, marram-grass' (Psamma
arenaria); ssgyb vorasg (E.J.), Kgyb moraitf (J.J.), zsgyb voraks
(Tregarth), ' a broom of marram grass ' ; — also used for making
mats (matja niuburx), and formerly for making horse-collars and
back-bands.
mordan, s., pi. mordans, mordan, ' phosphorescence on the sea on
calm nights '(O.K.).
morbuyd, s.f., morddwyd, D., ' thigh ' : Kesal morduyd, ' the hollow
of the thigh '.
morfy:on, s.pl., ' blackberries ' = muyar fy:on (dy:on) ; drain
morty:on — drain men, ' blackberry bushes, brambles' (O.H.).
morgaitf, s., mortgaeds, W.S., ' mortgage '.
morgan, ' Morgan ' ; also epithet of tea-kettle : may morgan ar
9 ta:n. The pet name for ' Morgan ' is mog.
morgaBy s.f., morkath, I.G. 627. [32], 'ray': morgaB vannog,
'spotted ray' (Raia maculata) ; morgaB ty:, ' sting-ray ' (Trygon
pastinaca) ; — also ka:B vo:r.
morgi, s.m., morgi, R., ' dog-fish ' : morgi l>ry:x, ' the large
spotted dog-fish' (Scyllium stellare); morgi fyvn, ' smooth hound '
(Mustelus laevis) ; — also Ki: mo:r.
morgrtaB, s.f., morgyllell, D., ' loligo piscis ' ; ' razor-shell ' (Solen
ensis, etc.) ; — also hlaB 9 mo:r.
morjo, v., morio, D., s.v. ' adnavigo ', ( nato ' ; 'to go for a
pleasure trip on the sea, either rowing or sailing '.
morjo, v., Eng. bore : morjo r ti:r, ' to test the land ' = gweld be
sy i laur hevo ebtl (O.H.).
morjog, adj., moriog, ' rough ' (of the sea).
morlas, s., pi. morleifad, morleisiad, O.P., 'pollack' (Gadus
pollachius) — O.H. and Bangor.
morlo, s.m., pi. morloya, morlo, R. ; cf. llo mor, D., s.v. ' vitulus ',
diniewed y mor, D., s.v. ' phoca ' ; ' seal ' (O.H.).
morol, v., ymorol corrupte pro Ymoralw, ' Sciscitari, percontari ',
D.; ymorawl, D.F. [182]. 5 ; ymorol, C.L.C. ii. 26. 14 ; P.G.G.
7°- 5 '» 73- 2I) etc-J morol, G.R. [94]. 13, ' to take care ' : rhaid
i ni vorol am 8u:ad a r dilad i r ty: Kin t'8i duty, ' we must be careful
to bring in the washing before it gets dark ' ; — rhaid i xi vorol am
vynd i r kappal heno ; — morol am roid bu:yd i r hfala ; — morol am
neyd peBa m barod erbyn vory.
mortar, s.m., ' mortar '.
mortas, s., pi. morteifa, mortals, W.S. [Mortesse] ; Exod. xxvi. 19 ;
D., ' mortise '.
morteifo, v., mortaisio, W.S. [Mortayse], ' to mortise '.
•mortilltl — m0ur& 379
-mortiKel, s.f., ' martingale, the strap between the fore-legs in
a harness '.
morur, s.m., pi. morwyr, moriwr, D., s.v. ' nauta ' ; 'sailor':
kidum morur, ' sailor's knot ' (O.H.) ; morwyr baygor were frequently
spoken of in old times as an important source of news (O.H.).
Otherwise always [oyur.
moruyn, morun (old people), morwyn (young people), s.f., pi.
mrvnjon, mtrnjon, mormjon, morwyn, D., cf. morwn, R.B. 68. 5 ;
W.B. col. 449. 29; pi. morynyon, R.B. 12. 2; 79. 3; W.B. col.
109. 6 ; 139. 2 ; myrynnion, D.F. [186]. 29, ' maidservant '.
moryn, s.m., marworyn, Isaiah vi. 6, ' a red glowing fire ' :
o.ys na da:n? o:ys, may na voryn o da:n = may r tarn nj go.*x
(J.J.) ; — Kim boyBad a moryn (O.H.). Cf. marwor.
moryn, s.m., ' a large wave, a heavy sea ' : mi bo:6 moryn ag mi
kipjob o ifur.
mosod, v., ymosod, D., s.v. ' oppugno ' ; 'to attack' : mosod arno
vo in i &evn, ' to attack him behind his back ' ; dma r deryn m
mosod arna i, ' the bird attacked me '.
mos y werdon, s., ' Irish moss ' (Chondrus crispus).
mof'un, s.m.f., pi. mofuns, mosiwn, T.N. 64. 35 ; 157. 22 ; Eng.
motion, (i) f style, bearing, attitude, gesture '; dma r vof'un i godi
tattus! (JJ.); — maygyno vo vof'un jaun (in working), O.H.; — dn\ux *
mof'uns sy arno vo / } — gneyd mof'uns, ' to gesticulate '. (2) ' sign ' :
gneyd mof'un.
mvunan, s.f., mawnen, D., ' a piece of peat ' : dy: vel msmnan.
mmindir, s.m., mawndir, D.G. cxxxiii. 36, ' peat land '.
m0unogt s.f., pi. mmnogyS, mownog, R., ' a peat bog ; a place
where peat is being worked '.
m0unti, s.m., Eng. bounty, in slate quarries : ' an amount given
over and above the usual amount for a certain quantity of slate
obtained by a quarryman, owing to the amount of rubbish, etc., to
be cleared away before it can be properly worked '.
m0untjo, v., ' to bounce ' : pe:l m meruntjo ag m rieidjo hyd 9 laur ;
— mi drawob 9 bed i laur nes o:d hi n meruntjo hyd 9 £aur (O.H.).
mvurab, s.,mawredd, D., 'a high opinion of one's own importance':
ma na riu v0urab mo vo, 'he thinks a great deal of himself. — As
expletive mvurab annul /, ' good gracious ! '
meurbrug, s., mawrddrwg, D., s.v. ' improbus ' ; term of playful
reproach used to a naughty boy : wel maurbrug, le -by:osti ?, * well,
you young monkey, where have you been ? '
meurnad, s.m., marwnad, D., s.v. ' elegla ' ; ' elegy '.
memrB, maurB, Mawrth, ' March ' ; dy merurO, ' Tuesday '.
380 movyn — mrasonva
movyn, v., ymofyn, D., s.v. ' quaere * ; in phr. movyn Herdod^ ' to
beg ' = htl i dammad.
moydro, muydro, v., moedro, T.N. 51. 20; Eng. moider, 'to
confuse ' : may nu y gneyd turu a moydro nu, ' they make a noise
and confuse them (bees) ' ; moydro i ben, ' to muddle one's head ' ;
ka.yl i vbydro hevo gormod o waiB ; intr. ' to be confused ' : may o
wedi moydro.
mo:yl, adj., moel, D., ' bald ; without horns ; without trees ' :
byux vo:yl, ' hornless cow '.
mo:yl, s.m., mol, D., ' discharge from the eyes which congeals ' =
pe:B ?y kasgly at 9 bgad uB g^sgy pen vy:§ y:n wedi ka:yl annuyd
(O.H.).
mo'ylan, s.f., ' a hornless cow '.
mbylyn, s.m., pi. mbiljad, moelyn, D., s.v. * alopecus ' ; (pi.)
moeliaid, s.v. ' glabriones ', ' a bald man ' : moiljad abar, epithet
applied to the inhabitants of Aber.
moysa, s.pl., moesau, pi. of moes, D., ' manners, morals ' : mb'ysa
da:, dru:g.
moysgar, adj., moesgar, D., s.v. 'moratus'; 'good-mannered;
ready to do a kindness '.
mo'y&a, muyBa, s.pl., moethau and mwythau, D., ' blandishments,
petting ' : rhoid moyBa i r plentyn, ' to spoil the child ' = dveda
plcniyn hevo moyBa ; — kayl moy6at ' to be spoilt ' ; hel moyBa, ' to
make up (to) '.
mb'yBlyd, adj., moethlyd, ' spoilt ' (of a child).
m'dyBo, muyBo, v., ' to spoil, pet, fondle '.
mbyBys, muyBys, adj., mwythus and moethus, D., * spoilt ' (of
a child).
mranny, v., ymrannu, St. Luke xii. 52, 'to divide', e.g. into
two parties.
mraval, s., ymrafael, D., s.v. ' contentio ' ; ' contention ' : may
tippin o mraval rtoyBi a i brand. Also the amount of difference
between the price offered and the price asked for in making a
bargain : x^etgjan 0:8 9 mraval ; — rhanny 9 mraval, ' to split the
difference ' (O.H.).
mraveiljo, v., ymrafaelio, D., s.v. ' contendo ' ; 'to contend ; to
bargain '.
mriBjo, v., ymrithio, D., s.v. ' transfigure ' ; 'to transform in the
imagination ' : dy:n 9y gweld rubaB ag 9n mriBjo vo n 9sbryd (O.H.).
mrsson, v., ymrysson, D., ' to contend ' : mi 'vtiani n mwson, ' we
used to try who was best ' ; mryson am 9 gora, ' to vie with one
another ' ; mrzson neidjo, ' to have a jumping match ' (O.H.).
mnsonva, s.f., ymrysonfa, ' contention ',
mudra — muygral 38 1
mudra (E.J.) ; mudrab (O.H.); mudral (E.J.; O.K.);
(I.W. ; E.J.); mudrol(Y..}.\ s., generally wthpe:6, ' a great quantity' :
r 0:d £/'» ^ nhaid pe& mudra o strcyon, ' my grandfather knew a great
number of stories ' ; may na bed mudril wedi mynd hevo r lre:n
he'i&ju, ' a great number of people went by the train to-day ' ; r o:d
mudral by:d o 'honynu, * there were an immense number of them ' ; —
?n vudralylu.
mudul, s.m., pi. mMa, mwdwl, D., in hay-making ' a large hay-
cock ' : gnfyda gwair yn vtdila dros 9 sy:l ; xwaty m?dtfa ; — also of
corn: mudul y:d, equal to ten or twenty kokja and bound with
a straw rope.
mu:g, s.m., mwg, D., ' smoke ' : ma: r mu:gm trawo, ' the chimney
is smoking ', i. e. into the room ; — also 9 gwynt sy n trawo 9 mu:g ;
— mu:g taro, ' smoke coming down the chimney ' ; mynd vel mu:g,
used of something going so fast that one can hardly see it,
e. g. a shuttle.
mugud, s.m., mwgwd, B.C. 141. 2, 'a bandage over the eyes':
Xwara mugud arjeir, ' to play blind man's buff' ; fig. nl ?di hun m
vugud o dy: maur />, « doesn't that big house block the view ? '
muidjon, moidjon, s.pl., mwydion, D., ' the crumb of bread ' as
opposed to the crust.
mm'Big, Amwythic, R.B. ii. 278. 30—^ mui'6ig, ' Shropshire '.
mukkog, s.pl., mwcog, O.P., 'hips', the fruit of the wild rose
(Bangor) = hada mar\ men'. — Not known to O.H.
mul, adj., mwll, D., ' sultry '.
mu/ux, adj., mwrllwch, B.C. 13. 15, 'sultriness' (O.H.).
mulun, m?Iun, v., ymollwng, 2 Pet. iii. u. (i) ' to give way*
(to), ' to give oneself up ' (to), in bad sense : mulun i vekwi, muhtn
yn vebwyn, ' to give way to drink ' ; — mulun i neyd dru:g. (2) ' to
set to ', in good sense : mtfun i fosgy ; — dim m mulun i neyd pe6,
* not to work with a will '.
mumjan ; mumljan (J.J.), v., mwmian, T.N. 4. 14; cf. mwmblio,
W.S. [Mumbyll], ' to mumble ' : mumjan kany, ' to hum ' ; — also
* to make half articulate sounds ', of a baby. Cf. muyljan.
mumrO) v., Eng. murmur, ' to mutter ' : riu vumro deyd.
mu:n, s., mwyn and mwn, D., ' ore ', ' mineral deposit such as to
discolour a stream ', etc. (J.J. ; O.H.) ; mu:n heyarn (O.H.).
munnus, s., mynws, L.A. 166. 20; mwnws, D.G., Ixxxi. 12;
clxv. 13; C.L.C. i. 12. 26, 'peat ashes'; also ' small particles
left over from a quantity of peat ' (J.J. ; O.H.).
muy, s.m., mwng, D., ' mane*.
muygral, s., ' mongrel ', applied esp. to one who cannot speak
either Welsh or English correctly ; — also, confused with buyglar —
382 muyJii — mutro
y:n sy n gneyd rubaB m \wiBig a mebul vo:d o y gneyd 9n jaun
(O.K.).
muyfa', mzytfi, s.m., pi. muyHis, muykuns, msykun, m^ykuns,
'monkey': nayKi ar ben prik, ' a monkey on a stick' ; — as term
of reproach : rhiu vuyKi o dy:n, ' a sulky fellow ' ; munKi gwirjon.
muyljan, v., mwngial, D., ' to speak indistinctly, to mumble ' :
paid a muyljan Keluyb (O.H.). Cf. mumjan.
murdro, v., mwrddro, C.C. 33. 2 ; D.P.O. 19. 24, 'to murder'.
murdrur, s.m., pi. murdrurs, ' murderer '.
murdur, s., murdyr, W.S. [Murdre] ; mwrdwr, W.LI. (Voc.),
s.v. ' mum'; B.C. 112. 4, ' murder'.
murigl\ murugl (Bangor), s.m., 'ivy*. Cf. tiau, trugl, jurug,
niurigl, urogl.
murBod, v., ymwrthod, D., s.v. 'recuso'. (i) ' to refuse' : \e:s i
9ri'o:d 9 murQod gmo vo, ' I never met with a refusal from him ' ;
murQod gneyd rubaQ, 'to refuse to do something'. (2) 'to reject,
part with ' : dy:n ,?« murQod a i garjad.
murBul, muBul, s.m., pi. morBuiljon (I.W.) ; murBoljon (W.H. ;
J.J.; O.H.), morthwyl, mwrthwyl, D.; myrthwl, R.B. 32. 26,
' hammer ' ; murBul dubul hand i gyro ar ben ebiljon i dbfy, ' a heavy
hammer requiring both hands, used for boring ' (in slate quarries),
J.J. ; muBul siyk, ' baby's rattle ' ; koys, tro:yd murBul^ ' handle of
a hammer '.
muru, s.m., mwrw, ' a number of three ', used in counting slates,
apples, herrings, etc. Slates are counted in ten threes (muru) and
two extra ; four of these quantities make a ' hundred ' (kanh =
128: — bo:b de:g (sc. muru) a du:y -vtianu n mynd a nu (J.J.), —
larger slates, e.g. 24 ins., are counted in five threes and one slate
extra (pymp a \arag\
musg, s., ' musk ' : musg (a) mo:r, ' sea-lemon ' (Flustra foliacea).
musog, s.m., mwsogl, D., ' moss '.
musoglyd, adj., mwsoglyd, D., ' mossy '.
mustart, s.m., mwstard, St. Matt. xiii. 31, 'mustard'.
mustro, v., mwstrio, G.O. i. 105. 14; mwstro, T.N. 12. 28;
Eng. (Dial.) muster [to talk volubly], Sc., ' to make a noise ' :
mustro madal, * to talk of moving '.
mustur, s.m., mwstwr, LG. 247. [~6i]; T.N. 144. 6; mwstr,
L.G.C. 292. [53]; mwstyr, W.S. [Mustre], 'noise': peidjux &
gneyd mustur, kadu mustur (J.J.).
muiri, s.m., ' potatoes and turnips mashed together ' (E.J.) : syt
da\i n leikjo tattus ? m vutri ta be: ?
mutro, v., Eng. (Dial.) mutter [of the soil : to crumble, to moulder
muBjo — muydo 383
away], Sur., Hmp., Som., Dev. (i) 'to mash ' : tattus wedi mutro
(the usual word in this connection is s/unfo), often used of clay,
lime, etc. : mutro kal\, mutgo 9 klai mjaun, mutro pri:^ a pren. (2)
' to work something with the finger and thumb : mulro 9 klai rhuy
9 ble:B, ' to work clay into the wattle ' (O.H.). (3) ' to carry away by
disintegration ', used e. g. of the action on clay by water : may r gla:u
m mutro r klaiilaur (if one attempts to graft in wet weather), O.H.
muBjo, v., ymwthio, St. Luke xvi. 16, 'to push' (oneself) : muBjo
tru: r dru:s.
muBlax, s.m., mwthlach, cf. Rhys, 'Welsh Folklore', ii. 451,
term of reproach : r hem vuBlax kzBral (O.H.).
muBIan, s.f., mwthlan, D., ' mollicellus ' ; ' a fat, plump woman ' :
r hem vuBlan de:u, vuBlan but, vuBlan voyBys ; — also an endearing
expression used to babies : o: muBlan annuyl il — (O.H.).
muy, mwy, D. (i) adj., comp. of maur, sup. muya, 'bigger':
m vu:y na vi: oran taldra, ' bigger than I as regards height'. (2)
adv., ' more ', sup. muya. (a) used to form the comparative and
superlative of adjectives, especially of those consisting of two or
more syllables as mu:y taiual, mu:y darvodedig, etc. ; — sup. muya
torklonnys, ' most heart-breaking ' ; — also ' very, extremely ', in the
form muya or vuya : r 0:8 o n edrax vuya sobor, ' he was looking
extremely sad ' ; m trot truyna muya mi'si, ' turning up their noses
as disdainfully as can be '. (b) as comp. of lawar : rtfdig m vuy
i r wla:d, ' a little further inland ' or ' into the country ' ; may n vu:y
m I'gad 9r hayl nag m 9 van na, ' it is more in the sunshine than it
is over there ' ; basa n wel i \t vebul mu:y am 9 pe:B Kin farad, ' it
would be better if you thought more about the matter before
speaking ' ; mynd mu:y na 'weluxi, ' to go faster than you can see ' ;
mu:y muy, ' more and more ' ; — sup. muya n 9 by:d 'rutljuxiar 9 du:r,
bytra n 9 by:d eiB o, ' the more you stir up the water, the dirtier it
becomes ' ; muya vy:d dy:n byu, muya wed a muya glyu (prov.), ' we
live and learn ' ; — o vuya, ' for the most part ' ; — of time, ' longer ' :
/ 9di eira n ebril bim 9n sevyl mu:y na seviB u:y ar ben ebi^ (trosot)y
' snow in April lies no longer than an egg on the top of a drill
(crowbar) ' ; — of sound, ' louder ' : gweitii n saiB muy, ' to shout
seven times louder '. (3) subst., ' more ' : du i n farad muy o
g9mra:ig ru:an na rieifi es talum, ' I speak more Welsh now than I
have for a long time ' ; muy na welt's m ynla, ' more than I ever
saw anywhere ' ; in durdjo muy na muy, ' to scold terribly '.
muyar, s.pl., mwyar, D., — muyar dy:on (dy:on, — so always at
Tre^arth, I.W.), sing, muyar dy:, ' blackberries '. Cf. also mordy:on.
muyd, s., mwyd, D., ' a soaking, steeping ', in phr. rhoid dilad 9m
mu:\d dros no:s.
muydo, v., mwydo, D., ' to soak, steep ' : muydo dilad = rhoid nu
meun du:r ga:l yfynu vo:d 9n haus i golxi ; — muydo t drayd meun
du:r kmnas, ' to put one's feet in hot water '. Also intr.
384 muyglo — mynd
muyglo, v., mwyglo, D., ' to become soft ' : gJoyvux a du:r 0:8 ar
d tattus ne mi 'vaftanu wedi muyglo, ' strain the water off the potatoes
or they'll be all in a " mush " '.
mu:yn, adj., mwyn, D., ' gentle, pleasing ' : lot's mu:yn, kany n
vu:yn, pngeQur mu:yn, tzmmar mu:yn ; — ka:n di bennil mu:yn i 6
nam, ve °ga:n d? nain i ti&a, ' one good turn deserves another '.
mu.yn, in er mu:yn [er~\.
-mu:yn'galad, adj., mwyn-galed, said of one who is hard to move
though outwardly suave and gentle.
muyn'ha:y, v., mwynhau, D., ' to enjoy ' : muywhay i hy:n,
translation of Eng. ' to enjoy oneself ' = ka:l hu:yl.
muyvuy, adj., adv., mwy-fwy, St. Matt. xx. 31 ; M.LI. i. 174. 18,
' greater and greater, more and more ' : mynd yn vuyvuy o hy:d,
1 to become greater and greater '.
my:d, adj., mud, D., ' dumb ' ; — also ' numb ' (of pain) : rhiu
vy:d weyu.
my dan, s.m., pi. mydanod, mudan, D., ' a deaf mute '.
mydanas, s.f., mudanes, ' a deaf and dumb woman '.
mydoj v., mudo, D., ' to move furniture ' (from one house to
another).
my:l, s.m., pi. mylod ; mriod (O.H.). (i) 'donkey': bastart
my:l, ' mule ' ; byky my:l, * to be sulky '. (2) term of reproach :
my:l gwirjon, mydhyl. (3) instrument used by cobblers.
mylaft, adj., mulaidd, ' like a donkey* : dy:n mylaS, ' a donkey* ;
dy:n my lab jaun u:ti na 'welati, ' you are a donkey not to see it '
(O.K.).
mylas ; mzlas (O.H.), s.f., mules, D., s.v. ' mula ' : ' female
donkey '.
mylat, s.m., 'mullet*: mylat bry:x, grey mullet' (Mugil capito).
mylsyn, s.m., ' donkey ', as term of reproach : mynd m vylsyn
gla:nt ' to become a regular donkey '.
mylvran, s., pi. mylvranod, mulfran, D., s.v. ' mergus ', l phalo-
crocorax ' : ' cormorant ' (Phalocrocorax carbo).
my:ltt s., plur. of mollt, D., ' wethers '. Sing, ludun.
myn, s.m., pi. nannod, mynn, D., ' kid '.
myndt v., myned, D., cf. mynd, D.G. xxxix. 5. Fut. S. i. a:(v),
[«fej, 2. ei, 3. eiBt eif. PL i. aun, a:n, 2. eux, 3. am. Imperf. S. i.
auny 2. a:t, 3. a:, a:y. PJ. i. aun, a:n, 2. a:x, 3- a:n. Pret.
S. i. eis, 2. eist, 3. a:6. PI. i. eydon, eyson, 2. ejytiox, fysox, 3. &y6ont
eyson. Pres. Subj. S. 3. [elo]. Imperative S. 2. do:s. PL i. auny
2. eux. Pret. Pass. aud. (i) 'to go ' : mi a: i vory, 1 1 will go to-
morrow ' ; os medra i vynd, mi a:v, * if I can go I will ' ; eu\i? a:v,
' will you go ? ' ' Yes ' ; Kin r a: t, ( before I go ' ; / a:y o dim, ' he
mynd — mynyd 385
would not go ' ; dary nu ovyn aun i nho:l nu, ' they asked whether I
would go and fetch them ' ; mi a: pemedra vo, ' he would go if he
could ' ; ft: by:d peB 9r e'iB peB (prov.), ' money goes where money
is ' ; s ela i byB ( = vyB) o r van ma pu:y welis i ond rvo: /, ' if I
never go from this place (asseveration) whom did I see but him 1 ' — •
Expressions of speed are mynd ar gar/am, ar wi:b, fanny vedra vo,
nerB i dra:yd, nerB 9 karna, vel flam, vel flyu\, vel 3 gwynt, vel ka:B i
gzBral, vel 9 koblyn, vel \urlibugan , vel median, vel milgi, vel mu:g, vel
trana, m dr9be'ilig, m ful but, etc. — With various prepositions and
adverbs : mynd a, ' to bring, to take ', e.g. a: tar rhe'i n i/ur ?, ' shall
I take these away ? ' ; na: idim mynd a vo: hevo mi,' I shall not take it
with me ' ; — mynd am dro:, ' to go for a walk ' ; mynd ar go^ ' to be
lost ' ; myndar vleyna idra:yd, ' to go on tip-toe ' ; mynd dan dra:yd,
1 to be crushed ' ; mynd hevo r du:r, ' to be boiled to nothing ', e. g.
potatoes ; mynd heibjo, ' to pass, pass away ' ; mynd i, ' to go to,
into ' ; also ' to get into ' : a:nu ido vo / a:n, ' will they get in ? '
(e. g. of things in a box). ' Yes ' ; mynd i 'an'obaiB, ' to despair ' ;
mynd i ben, * to come to an end ' ; mynd i r brenin (of time), ' to
pass imperceptibly away without one accomplishing anything ' ;
mynd i folad, ' to get into debt ' ; mynd i elun, ' to run ' (of vessels
leaking) ; mynd igilid, ' to shrink ' ; mynd ilaur, ' to go down ' ; (of
a fire) ' to get low ' = mynd m isal ; (of the sun) ' to set ' ; (of the
wind) ' to drop ' ; — also ' to become obsolete, to fall into disuse ' ;
mynd i negas, ' to go on an errand ' ; mynd i veun (= vjaun), ' to
go in ' ; ' to shrink ' ; mynd o:d ar i e\al, ' to lose one's temper ' ;
mynd o i go:, f to go mad ' ; mynd tros, ' to go over ' ; 'to go
through, run through ' (a list, etc.) ; ' to run over ' (of a cart) ; mynd
9 mla:yn, ' to go on, forward ' ; ' to get on ' (as regards health, etc.) ;
mynd m o:l ag 9 mla:yn, ' to go backwards and forwards ', etc., etc. —
Other usages are (a) with reference to age : mynd 9m bymp, ' to
be nearly five '. (b) ' to die ' : mynd 9n szdyn, ' to die suddenly '.
(2) 'to become ' : may r amsar 9n mynd 9m bo:yn hevo nu, ' time
becomes a burden to them ' ; nes ei& i n rhy: hu:yr, ( until it gets
too late ' ; mynd m dipja, * to be broken to bits ' ; mynd 9n dmeyax,
' to get thinner ' ; — with reference to professions : may o am vynd
m loyur, ' he is going to be a sailor '. (3) used transitively : / eu\im
0 hun hevo \t\ 'you won't take this with you ' ; y:n da\i am vynd P,
1 you are only taking one ? ' ; t a: i m one vo, ' I won't take it '.
(4) infinitive used substantively. (a) ' sale, demand ' : may mu:y
o vynd "arnynu, ' there is more demand for them '. (b) ' stir,
bustle '.
mynyd, s.m. (sometimes f., see below), pi. mynyda, munud, D.,
' minute ' : de:y mynyd wedi de:g, ' ten minutes past ten ' ; mi do: i
meun mynyd, ' I will come in a minute ' ; mi nabob o m 9 mynyd, ' he
knew him instantly ' ; 9 mhen igjan mynyd, ' in twenty minutes ' ;
gweitjux hannar mynyd (= am vynyd ba:\), ' wait half a minute ' ;
i dim day vynyd, ,' I shan't be two minutes ' ; r o:d hi i r mynyd
1432 C C
386 myrsan — mm
hevo po:b pe:6, ' she was punctual with everything ' ; dgest ar 3 vynyd,
* that very minute ' ; 9 vynyd honno, ' that very minute '.
myrsan, s.f., mursen, D. [A coy dame], term of reproach for a
woman : ta:u r he:n vyrsan wirjon ! ta:u r he:n vyrsan vydyr 8i:og,
O.H., who explains the term as dmas vti:n, ga:s, -a'njolxgar,
'§i:drevn.
my:sg, s., mysg, D., ' midst ', in the exp. 3 tny-'sg, i vy:sg,
' among ' : trot n i mhy:sg, ' to associate with them ' ; / adi o dim m
fit i vo:d 9 my:sg dmjon, ' he is not fit for human society ' ; mi a:6 i
vy:sg 9 bobol, ' he went among the people '.
mysgral, adj., musgrell, D., 'decrepid'.
mysgrelni, s.m., muscrellni, W.S. [Slouthe], ' decrepitude '.
madimja, s.pl., cf. munud, mynud, D. ; mydum, O.P., ' grimaces '
= b9dimja. Cf. stimja.
mzdsly, v., mydylu, G.R. 58. 3 ; mwdylu, D., ' to cock ' (hay).
Cf. mudul.
maglyd, adj., myglyd, D., s.v. 'fumosus'. (i) 'smoky': ty:
m9glyd. (2) ' breathing with difficulty, asthmatical '.
i> s.m., ' asthma ' (J J. ; O.H.).
> v-» niygu, D. (i) 'to smoke' (not tobacco = smokjo).
(2) 'to smoke out ' (of bees) : m^gy gwenyn. (3) 'to fail to get
one's breath, to suffocate ' : ma: m berig i r mo:x ga-'l i mhzgy n 9
lynx, ' the pigs are in danger of being suffocated in the snow-drifts '.
msgyn, s.m., mygyn, B.C. 143. 30, dim. of mu:g, ' a little smoke ' :
ka:yl mzgyn (of tobacco).
m9haran \maharan\.
m^fy, v., ymylu, D., s.v. ' margino ' ; used with an infinitive, ' to
be near, to be well-nigh ', Fr. ' faillir ' : m9ly deyd vod o n leidar,
'to be well-nigh calling him a thief, 'all but call him a°thief'
(O.H.).
mzmpuy, s.m., mympwy, D. (i) 'fad, idiosyncrasy, caprice':
msmpuy pen 9di o. (2) 'obstinate self-will': ma na riu v?mpuy
gwirjon 9no vo =(e. g.) 9n mynd i lawar o faraglon heb if'o (O.H.).
(3) ' nature, natural inclination ' : may o wedi grieyd riu sbloit . . .
we! d9na i V9mpuy. Cf. W.B. col. 26. 30.
m9mrynt s.m., mymryn, D., ' a tiny bit, a small scrap, a drop ' :
msmryn o vakko, o vre\ian, o du:r po:y6, etc. ; — 9 m9mryn li:a o
'gamgrmerjad, ' the slightest mistake ' ; / o:ys na dim ond day V9mryn>
' there are only two tiny bits ' ; we! i mi gay honna riu vsmryn
(e. g. a window).
mm, prep., myn, D., 'by ' (in oaths) : m9n djaul, mm deryn, mm
minutno 387
djagan i, mm djaist t, mm dy:n i, m?y gavr, m?y kaykar, m?y Kebyst,
etc. ; — also elliptically : 9dynt mm, ' they are indeed '.
mmab, s.m., amynedd and ymmynedd, D., ' patience ' : may
mmat ?m pa{y, l one loses patience ' ; mi c'iQ &id a mmab, ' it will go
with a little patience '.
iwtu&gar, adj., amyneddgar, P.G.G. 64. 16; G.O. ii. 221. 4,
1 patience '.
mmny, v., mynnu, D. Fut. S. 3. myn (sometimes my:n when
emphatic), mmniB. Subj. S. 3. mmno. Fut. Pass, mmnir, ' to wish,
insist ' : vel 9 'mmno\it ' as you wish ' ; vain/ (vy:d) vmnir, f any
amount ', ' as much as you please ' ; 'gneyd vel -mmnonu, ' to do as
they please ' ; vmnun i er dim ito voyweld i, ' I would not have had
him see me for anything ' ; 'vmnanu bim gadal 2 fork o:b 'gmonu o
r bla:yn> ' they will not give up their old ways ' ; vmna vo bim, ' he
would not ' ; mi vmnif i vynd, * I insisted on going ' ; r o:b o n
mmny mynd, ' he would go ; dy:n na vy:n o m o i droi, ' a man who
will not change ' ; ^ deryn a va&ir m yfarn, m yfarn myn vo:d
[magy].
mmydyn, s.m., munudyn, dim. of mynyd, 'a minute, a moment'.
mmyb, s.m., pi. mzm&od, mynydd, D., 'mountain ' (often used in
a collective sense, ' mountains ', e. g. myndir mmyfy : kyntkruervyQ
day $y:n na day vmyb \dy:n\ • ?y yrhombil 3 mmyb, ' in the heart of
the mountain' (cf. pervati); pen (= fop) 9 mznyd, 'top of the
mountain ' ; gwe'ylod 9 mmyb, ' bottom of the mountain ' ; tim
(= godra) y m?nyd, ' the bottom, skirts of the mountain '.
mmrtig, adj., mynyddig, D., s.v. ' montanus'. (i) 'mountainous'.
(2) ' countrified, rustic ' : y:n mmzbig 9di o.
m?yffi, s.m., pi. muykuns, muykus (O.H.), mynci, D., 'horse-
collar '.
mmys, adj., myngus, D., ' indistinct in utterance ' : farad m vmys.
m?ra6, v., ymmyrreth, i Pet. iv. 15, 'to meddle ' : mtraB a di:od.
m^raB, s.f., ymyrraeth, Prov. xx. 3, 'meddlesomeness, malice
aforethought ' : da\iwedine'ydo o vzraB dru:g ? — O.H. has bmzraQ.
mtrdun, s., burdwn, M.LI. i. 183. 31, Eng. burden, 'continual
strain ' : may o n vtrdun /in baub, ' it is a proverb with every one '
(JJ-) > z V9rdun o hy:d o hy:d ?di . . ., ' he is always harping on . . .'
m^rwino, merwino, farwino, v., merwino, D., applied to the
tingling sensation in the ears during extreme cold, especially when
one comes suddenly out of the cold into a warm place, — like
win&rau as regards the hands: may nlhistja n mzrwino (O.H.); —
also fig. r o:n i n merwino u& i glu:ad o, implying intense annoy-
ance ; — trans, merwino ? g(y:s/, ' to annoy the ear '.
C C 2
388 mssguyd — na
mssguyd, v., ymysgwyd, cf. W.B. col. 107. 31; Isaiah lii. 2.
(i) 'to shake, quiver, tremble'. (2) ' to take exercise* : do:s a[an
a tri:a mdsguyd. (3) 'to bestir oneself: du i n medul 9 geli di
m3sguyd mu:y nag u:yti.
mzslan ; myslan (O.H.), s., byslen, ' a covering for the fingers ' :
tommyd by:s manag in vsslan.
mzstyn, v., ymestyn, D. (i) ' to lengthen ' : ma: r dy&m msstyn,
' the days are lengthening '. (2) ' to be stretched full length ' : mi
rois i gik tdo vo tan oyd o n misty n ar
mharan \maharan~\.
mhary, v., ammharu, D., ' to injure ' : bary o mhary dim arno vo,
' he did not injure himself at all ' ; be sy wedi mhary ar ds bgat ti ;
— mhary ar 9 gola, ' to obstruct the light ', e. g. of trees ; Kefyl heb
mhary arno vo (J.J.), ' a horse which has not been gelt '.
mhel, v., ymhel, M.LI. i. 235. 34 ; T.N. 45. 34, ' to meddle ' :
peidjux a mhel a vo (cf. C.F. 1890, 333. 33).
mheyByn \rney By ri\.
U
n, in « do: ? n to: ? onid do ? [n/].
n, for dn ' our ', after vowels.
n, for m ' in ', both before and after vowels, e. g. n eno r ta:d /,
yn enw 'r Tad, — sometimes shortened into n ta:d /, as ydt\ n ta:d.
na, adv., yna, D., s.v. ' ibi ' ; ' there ' : o: na, ' from there ' — after
a noun preceded by the article = ' that ' (of things within sight or
hearing) : r hogyn na, 9 ty: na. The article is often omitted in
quick speech, e. g.for na, ' that way '. — Used after the 3rd pers.
sing, of the verb ' to be ' = ' there is, etc.' : ma(y) na, o:ys na, t o:ys
na, e. g. ma na lawar o warBag an 9 ka:y, * there are many cattle in
the field ' ; d0ux 9 mla:yn, t o:ys na ne:b, ' come on, there is nobody
here '. This locution is always followed by the vocalic mutation ;
the omission of na is rare, \_rna.]
na, conj., corruption of mai, 'that': du i n fu:r na vo: vasa 9
mistar, ' I am sure he would be the master '. [The negative here is
nad rvo: or mai nid rvo:.~\
na, sometimes for ddna, q.v.
na — na: 389
na, nad, na/, conj., the latter forms being used before vowels and
before consonants when there is no verb following the negative,
nad, D., ' who, which . . . not, that ... not '; also = ' not ' after os,
pam, etc. Followed by the spirant mutation where possible ; other-
wise by the vocalic mutation : am na vedrunr * because I could not ' ;
os nad oys, ' if there is not '; os na vy:d, l if there is not' (future
time) ; os na vrtfux, ' if you don't make haste ' ; hurax na werBa
i dimy:n, i perhaps I shall not sell one ' : e(a nadtiB o dim, * perhaps
he will not go' ; pam nad eu\i x hy:n atto vo?, 'why don't you go
to him yourself ? ' ; / oys ne:b nad oys riu vai arno vo, ' there is
no one without some fault ' ; may o n deyd nad i vraud o:d o ond
i £evndar, 'he says he was not his brother but his cousin ' ; os nad
muy, ' if not more '. Sometimes nag is heard as os nag a: i, ' if
I do not go '. Cf. also nas.
na, nag, conj., na, nag, ' nor ' ; na is followed by the spirant
mutation where possible — otherwise the radical : na minna xwat'6,
( nor I either ' ; na . . . na, ' neither . . . nor ' : / o:s na ben na Bi:n
ar i stori o, ' there is no head nor tail to his story ' (here the first na
is assimilated to na, yna ; buty£» also occurs) ; — na:, na:g are used
when emphasis is required, e. g. dim m vaur na:g m vy\an.
na, nag, conj., na, D., ' than ' ; na is followed by the spirant
mutation where possible, otherwise the radical, but vi: frequently
occurs for mi: — wayQ gin i aros nafeidjo, ' it is all the same to me
whether I stay or not ' ; may o n hanax (= hy:ri) na vi:, * he is older
than I '.
na:, na:g, na:k, adv., na and nac, D., ' not ' ; na: is followed by
the spirant mutation where possible, otherwise by the vocalic, (i)
as negative answer to a question : adi hi n o:yr ? — na:g ydz, ' is it
cold ? ' — ' No ' • 'g^mmuxi yvvanag ? — na: \amma(p) or na: na: (i),
na: na:v, ' will you have some more ? ' — ' No '. [The first na: in
na: na: is considerably longer than the second] ; neuxi 3u:ad ?,
neuxi vynd? (more commonly teux*?, euxi?) — na: do:(v), na:g a:(v),
(na: na: i, na: na:v), ' will you come ?, will you go ? ' — ' No '
(emphatic na: do: i:, na:g a: i:) • 'wyboxi ' ? — na: un i, fcdo you
know ? ' — ' No ' ; 'weho\i o ? — na: do:, ' did you see him ? ' — ' No ' ;
rvo: sy wedi gneyt zV — na:tt e (na:K /), ' is it he who did it ? ' — ' No '.
When the answer consists of more than a mere negative, na:, by
itself, is often used alone to express * no ', e.g. -gimmuxi xwanag ? —
na:, du i wedikayl digon, ' will you have some more ? ' — ' No, I have
had enough '. (2) introducing an answer in an interrogative form to a
negative statement : e. g. / a: i dim alan vory. — na:g eux?* * I shan't
go out to-morrow'. — ' Won't you ? ' ; tidi o dim am vynd. — na:g ?dif,
1 he isn't going '. — ' Isn't he ? ' ; nid rvo: sy wedi gneyt i — na:K e ?
(na:H zV), ' it was not he who did it '. — ' Wasn't it ? ' ; we/is i m ono
vo. — na: do: /, 'I didn't see him'. — 'Didn't you?' [To express
surprise in answer to any such statements, vety wi.rf, teux-',
3 9 o nabod — nail
etc., are used.] (3) as interrogative particte before a verb, after a
negative assertion, which is thus turned into a question anticipating
the answer ' no '. [Before wa:yB and wet the verb is not expressed.]
/ euxi dim vory, na:g eux ?, ' you won't go to-morrow, will you ? ' ;
/ 9di hi dim zn o:yr, na:g zdi? — na:g adi, na:g adi?, ' it isn't cold, is
it ? ' — ' No, it isn't, is it ? ' ; wa:yB i xi vynd, na: wa:y& ? — na: wayd,
1 you might as well go, mightn't you ? ' ' Yes ' (lit. ' it is not worse
for you to go, is it ? ' ' No ').
nabod, v., adnabod, D. Pres. S. i. aduyn, eduyn, 2. duini, duynost,
3. aduyn. PI. i. duynon, 2. duynox, 3. duynon. Imperf. ( ' I knew'
and 'I know ') duynun, dweynun, nabun. Pret. S. i. duinis, dweinis,
nabis. PI. i. dw'eynson, 'to know, to be acquainted with' (of
persons) : daxi n nabod of, l do you know him ? ' ; du i n nabod o
ar d golugy ' I know him by sight ' ; / aduyn i m ono vo, ' I do not
know him ' ; 'duynaxi o ?, ' did you know him ? ' ; mi nabod o n 3
mynyd, ' he knew him instantly ' ; mi nabun o dm mhi:g 9 vra:n, ' I
should know him anywhere ' ; duinif i 'ri'o:yd m ono vo, ' I never
knew him ' ; may hi wedi koU nabod arna i, ' she has forgotten me '
(speaking e. g. of a child).
na:d> s., pi. nada, nad, D., ' a cry ' : paid a gn'eyd da nada dru:g,
said to a child who is crying from temper. (Rare in the sing.)
nady, v., nadu, D., ' to cry ' (e. g. from temper, of a child) ; ' to
whine ' (of a dog).
nady, v., nadu, C.C. 152. 2, 'to prevent ' = rhustro : strap i nady
r pe:Q godi, ' a strap to keep the thing down ' ; — *# di dim mynd,
mi nadiQ da vam di.
na:b, s., nadd, D., ' a hewing, cutting ', only in karag na:8, ' slate
pencil ', so called because formerly cut from suitable rock with
a knife.
naby, v., naddu, D., ' to hew, chip into shape ' (of wood or
stone) : ddi r bensal wedi nady njaun ?, l is the pencil cut properly ? '
(O.H.) ; — in slate quarries ' to trim ', i. e. ' to cut sglodjon into slates
of the requisite dimensions by means of a kilaB gerig '.
nag, s., nag, C.C. 176. 2, ' defect* : rhiu nag meun dy:n (=kof),
O.H. ; also of things.
nag [na, ' nor ' ; na, ' than '].
na:g [na:].
nai, s.m., pi. neiod, nai, D., ' nephew '.
nail, pron. and adj., naill, D., ' (the) one ' as opposed to 2 lal, ( the
other : may 9 nail ar o:l 9 lal an mynd mo, ' one goes there after
another ' ; / 0:8 y bay dim dn farad d nail hevo r lal, ' the two used
not to speak to one another ' ; 9 nail don ar o:l 9 lal ay kyro '
1 one wave after another beating upon you '.
nain — naus 391
nain, s.f., pi. ntinja, nain, D., ' grandmother ' ; hem nain,
' great-grandmother '.
nakka, v., naccau, D., ' to refuse ' : vedar o bim nakka vo o torn,
1 he cannot refuse him anything ' ; &ary o ri'oyd nakka dim bary mi
ovyn iko vo, * he never refused him anything I asked him '. Cf. hay.
nant, s.f., pi. nen/yto, nant, D., s.v. Morrens'; 'stream'. This
word hardly belongs to current speech, but I have occasionally heard
O.H. use the word, e. g. may su:n nant m 9 Key nant. It is, of course,
common in place-names : cf. the stream-name at Llanfairfechan
nant zr ja:r. In other place-names the word has the sense of
1 valley ', e. g. nantfrankon. — The usual word for stream isfo:s.
nariB, s. (W.H ; I.W.; J.J., but apparently unknown to O.H.),
' rough guess, idea ' : o:s £in ti nariB vain/ sy bigon ?, ' have you any
idea as to how -much is enough ? ' : rh#u\ nariB i mi, ' give me a
rough guess ' ; may &in i riu nariB o hono vo.
nas, conj., nas (i. e. na + s, infixed pronoun), ' that . . . not ',
only in stereotyped expressions as we£ i mi 3 dru:g un i na r dru:g
nas gun i (m ono vo), " I had rather bear those ills I have than fly
to others that I know not of".
natirjaB, s., naturiaeth, D., ' nature, natural tendency ' : hbrilyd
o natirjaB, ' miserly by nature ' ; natirjaB t'e'yly = nearly ' heredity '.
natirjol, adj., naturiol, D., ' natural '.
nattyr, s.f., nattur D. (i) 'nature, natural inclination': r o:b
3 natiyr na ma i, ' I had a natural inclination in that direction ' ;
natty r drewi sy ano vo, l it is prone to stink '. (2) 'a temporary
tendency, a touch ' : may gin i nattyr vannod, ' I have a touch ot
toothache \ (3) ' temper ' : dru:g i nattyr, ' bad-tempered ' ; may
o meun nattyr 8ru:g; pey godif i nattyr o, ' when his blood is up '.
Also dru:g nattyr : — sgzrljo meun dru:g nattyr (O.H.). (4) ' con-
stitution ' : r annuyd an dalanwady ar i nattyr i gi:d ; rhiu avje\id
m i nattyr.
na:u, s. and adj., naw, D., ' nine'.: na:u durnod, na:u mbnaft; —
na:u byu ka:6, ' a cat has nine lives ' ; — ar 9 na:u, a mild asseveration.
na:u, s.f., pi. nauja, 'a stock consisting of nine sheaves, six
standing and three laid on the top ' — a more temporary arrange-
ment than a stuk, the latter being used when bad weather is expected.
With every tenth na:u the tithe was paid — (O.H.).
naujo, v., ' to place sheaves in the above fashion ' (O.H.).
naus, s., naws, D., natura. (i) ' a slight amount ', Fr. ' soup9on ' ;
9di o wedi gbxy ? na:g zdi, dgest riu naus (J.J.), ' is he wet ? ' * No,
only just the slightest bit ' ; 9di o n sy:r ? dim ond riu naus = riu
X?dig (J.J. ; O.H.) ; — naus bang, %he:u (O.K.). (2) ' desire ' (not so
strong as aux) : ma: na i riu naus bu:ydt naus kupanad o de: (O.K.).
Cf. n0ufo.
392
navad — nek
navad, s.m., pi. navoda, anafod, D., * ulcer ' : may o n navoda i
gi:d (J. J.), ' he is a mass of ulcers '.
navy, v., anafu, D., ' to hurt ' (cf. brivo, bnavyd).
ne, conj., neu, D. ; ne W.LI. xxii. 33, 35, 37, ' or ' : tri: ne bedwar,
' three or four ' ; tridja ne bedwar, ' three or four days ' ; mi 8rta
g3\un ne mi ei6 9n no:s arno vo, c he ought to start or it will be
getting dark '.
ne:b, pron., nib, D., 'any one, no one': o:ys ne:b an s ty:?, 'is
there any one in the house ? ' ; 9'vo: o:y§ r yxa i glo:x o ne:b o.y8
mo, * he was the loudest there ' ; may o g9stal a ne:b am n'e'yd peQa
vel na, ' he is as good as any one for doing such things ' ; / o:ys
na ne:b, ' there is no one here ' ; / o:ys ne:b 9n leikjo peQa vel na,
' no one likes things like that ' ; pu:y sy na ? ne:b, f who is there ? '
' No one '.
neblas (J.J.) [heplas'].
ne:d, s.pl., sing, nedan, f., n6dd, D., 'nits', i.e. eggs of lice in the
hair.
nefa, s., neddai and neddyf, D., ' adze ' (O.H.).
negar, s.m., ' nigger ' : gwei&jo vel negar (O.H.).
negas, s.f., pi. mgesa, negeseya, neges, D. (i) ' business' : may
gin i negas mo. (2) ' errand ' : mynd i negas, am negas. (3) ' pur-
chase, articles bought ' : mynd ifop a x#:/ negas ; damma x negas x*.
ne't'd, s.f., pi. neidja, naid, D., ' jump ' : hub, kam a neid, ' hop,
skip and jump ' ; n'e'id stond, ' a standing jump ' ; n'eid wi:b,
1 running jump '.
rieidar, s.f., pi. nadrob, neidr, D., ' adder ' (Yipera berus) ; may r
neidar dm pigo ; — u&i hi vel la:d nadrod, 'at it hammer and tongs,
tooth and nail ' ; neidar devaid, ' blindworm ' (Anguis fragilis) ;
neidar gantroyd, ' centipede ' ; gwa:s neidar, ' dragon-fly ' (Libel-
lulina) ; blodyn neidar, ' red campion ' (Lychnis diurna) ; tavod 9
n'e'tdar, plant-name (sp. ?) ; neidar vo:ry l ? butter-fish ' (Centro-
notus gunnellus). One of my informants calls this fish loQan,
and distinguishes between it and ne'idar vo:r>
rieidjo, v., neidio, D., ' to jump ' : mi rieidjob 9 davod dros ben 9 Ki:,
* the sheep jumped over the dog ' ; rieidj'o dros glaub; — neidjo truy
r kortyn, ' to skip ' (with a rope) ; neidjo nyntrod, ' to hop ' (O.H.) ;
neidjo 9 mla:yn, ' long jump ' ; neidjo a xampjo, ' to frolic '.
net's, adj., comp. n'e'if'ax, 'nice'.
neiGar, s., neithior, D., ' nuptiae ', neithawr, W.B. 1 20. 23, 'a feast
made on behalf of some one to celebrate some occasion, e. g. his
return home, a collection for the purpose having been previously
made'(O.H.).
neiBjur, adv., neithiwyr, D., ' last night ' : -welsoxt hi rieiQjur ?
nek, s., Eng. (Dial.) neck [to break the neck ; to kill ; to break
nely—nt-.s 393
in any way], in phr. tfu>i nek i rubaB, 'to kill something' (I.W.);
%hoi nek i ru:in is also used for ' to give some one " a slap in the
face ", metaphorically speaking, e. g. by calling him some reproach-
ful name, etc.' (O.I I.).
nefy, v., annelu, D. (i) ' to aim ' : mi nela i 'atta\i\ nely 9 gun
am dani hi. (2) 'to point' =puin(/o. (3) ' to hit ' : mi nclis i o
= mi rois i ergid i&o vo.
nembran, s., nembren, D., ' roof-beam'.
nepjan, v., cf. nepian, M.F., ' to bark ' : nepjan krvarB, ' to bark '
(Ki: dim ond deyd bo x* n du:ad) ; — paid ti a nepjan arna i — (O.H.).
neran, v., ' to harp continually on one thing, to nag ' : neran o
hy:d am yr y:n pe:6 (O.H.) ; — s., ' harping on the same string,
nagging ' = riu he:n su:n o hy:d (O.H.) ; — also one who does so :
he:n neran zdi o (O.H.).
nerob, nherob,herob, s., hanner hob, W.B. col. 83. 19 ; R.B. 60. 24 ;
hanerob, K.H. 26. 3 ; hannerob, D., s.v. ' petasio ' ; ' side of pork '.
nerpul \lerpul\.
nerti, s.m., nerth, D., ' strength, utmost capacity, height of power ' ;
' goodness ' (of soil, etc.) : rhedag nerB i dra:yd, ' to run as fast as
one's legs can carry one ' ; gweiBjo nerB i vray\, ner^ * esgyrn (also
nerB brayx ag esgyrn), ' to work with all one's might ' ; — gwe'tii
nerQ i ge:g (= i ben) ; — dim ond aur o:& o m i nerB, * it was at
its height only for an hour ' (O.H., speaking of a flood) ; rhoi
rubaB zn i nerti, ' to lay something in such a way as to oppose
the fullest resistance ' (J.J.) ; tmny nerB 9 ti:r, ' to take the good-
ness out of the land ' ; / 0:8 g)no vo dim by:d ond nerB 9 geinjogt
' he had to fall back upon what money could buy ' (Llanfairfechan
— used in relation to a man who had formerly lived largely on
prog 9 mo:r).
nerBol, adj., nerthol, D. (i) ' powerful ' : dy:n,faradur, prv&eBur
nerBol. (2) ' strengthening' : may yud 9m be:B nerBol
nes, conj., nes, Isaiah xxxvi. 1 7, ' until ' : na: i aros van ma nes
d0u\i n o:!, ' I'll wait here till you come back ' ; nes doifi ymma,
' till I came here ' ; may hi n ola nes fy:d hi n be:g, * it is light
till ten o'clock ' ; nes yfynu bu:ad m i hola, ' till they came back ' ;
— with quasi-causal meaning : mi tarob o nes o.y8 o m buru i b?dola,
* he knocked him sprawling ' ; mi rois i hergud tio vo nes ibo s)rBjo
ar laur ; — na: i d) hitjo di nes b&i di m pffuljo ; — mi drawis 9
mnhelin nes may 9 mray\ wedi hfjo.
ne:s, adj., n6s, D., ' nearer', sup. nesa, ' nearest, next ' (cf. agos) :
mi eifi n ne:s (= gosax) alto vo, ' I went nearer to him '; yn ne:s
(= gosa\) at zr asgurn, ' nearer the bone ' ; ne:s pnelin nagarbu(r)n
(prov.), ' the elbow is nearer than the wrist ', i. e. ' blood is thicker
than water ' ; m ne:s dra:ut ' further on ' ; ne:s dra:u /, ' stand
back!'; — this expression is also used substantively : vy:o ri'o.yd
394
ne:s dra:u rhzyOa vi: a vo:, ' there was never any stiffness between
us '. — Sup! (?) mi:s nesa, (d) fro: nesa, l next month ', ' next time ' ;
may o y klu:ad 9 nesa pe:6 i hun, ' he hears scarcely better than that '
(pointing to a table) ; gneyd 9 nesa pe:Q i dim, ' to do next to
nothing ' ; 9 tala nesa ifo:n, ' the tallest after John ' .
nesy, v., nessu and nessau, D., ' to approach ' ; ' to bring near ' :
nesux at 9 ta:n, ' come near the fire ' ; r 0:8 hi wedi nesy i amsar te:,
1 it was getting near tea-time '.
nevo8, s.pl., nefoedd, pi. of nef, D., 'heaven': bendiQ 9 nevod
'arnati /, 'success to you! '
nevol, adj., nefol, D., ' heavenly '.
newid, v., newid and newidio, D. Fut. newidja. Imperative
newid, newidja, ' to change ' : newid i 8t'ladt i varn, i le:, i wa:s, etc. ;
newid r a:yr, ' to take a change of air ' ; newid n arjan ma:n, ' to
change into small money ' ; dim if'o newid i vynd i gnarvon ?, ' no
need to change (trains) for Carnarvon ? '.
newid, s.m., newid, D., 'change': o:ys 'gmxi newid sudl?,
' have you change for a shilling ? ' ; may o wedi kayl newid arno vo,
' he has had a good bargain '.
newyd, adj., pi. newzty'on, newydd, D., ' new ' : troi dalan (dolan)
newyft, ' to turn over a new leaf; newyb sbon (danli grai), ' bran
new ' ; 9 vluyfyn nezvyd, ' the New Year ' ; pappyr newyb, ' news-
paper', ^\. papyra newyd ; — adverb, with inf. 'just': r 0:8 o newyb
vo:d, 'he had just been'; may o newyd vynd, 'he has just gone' ;
du i y ka:ylkofi wedi new_yd i valy, ' I get freshly ground coffee ' ;
newyd slopjo may o vejy /, ' it has just stopped then ? ' ; newyS
vadal may hi, ' she has just left her situation '. — Substantively in
pi. ' news '.
newyn, s., newyn, D., ' famine ' : r 0:8 hi n newyn a lugy 9m mho:b
man (O.H.), ' there was famine and starvation everywhere '.
n'eylty, nailldu, D., in o r neylty, ' on one side '.
neyHy:o, v., neillduo, D. ; cf. ym-neulltuo, D.F. [7], 23. Impera-
tive neylty:a; neyHy:ux, ' to set apart '.
neyHy:ol, adj., neillduol, D. ; neulltuol, D.F. [51]. 3, 'special,
extraordinary ' : da\i n leikjo riu de: ne'yl'ty:ol ?, ' do you like some
special kind of tea ? ' ; / o:ys dim neyHy:ol 9ni hi, ' there is nothing
extraordinary in her ' ; m o:yr neylty :ol, ' extraordinarily cold '.
ni:t when not stressed ni, pron., ni, D., ' we, us ' ; emphatic form
rni:t conjunctive form ninna.
nid, adv., nid, D., ' not ' — only in phrases of the form, c it is not
. . . who, which ', ' Ni ' does not occur in ordinary speech, being
always omitted before a verb beginning with a consonant, the
omission being indicated, where possible, by the vocalic or aspirate
nikko — njalux 395
mutation, as the case may be. Before verbs beginning with a vowel
/ (d) takes the place of nid. In both cases the verb is followed by
such words as Mm, m o, by6, eri'oyd, neb, etc. Examples : \a:d o
dim, ' he got nothing ' ; x<*-'6 o m ono vo, ' he did not get it ' ; welis
i ne:b, ' I saw no one ' ; fariB o Mm, ' it will not last ' ; — before
vowels: d ( = /) un i Mm, 'I don't know'; / 9di o Mm in mynd,
1 he is not going ' ; / o:b na Mm fawar, ' there was not much ' ; —
examples of nid: di:ol\ niai yvo: sy n i gay I o ag nid rvi:, ' I am
glad he is getting it and not I ' ; nid 9 bobol sy i ve'io, ' it is not the
people who are to blame ' ; nid po:b ko:yd n?i6 drol, ' it is not every
kind of wood that will make a cart ' ; nid m hi:r 9 Keidu r djaul
i wa:s (prov.), ' the devil does not long preserve his dupe '.
nikko, s.m., pi. nikkols, cf. kasec y ddrickhin ederyn [A nycke
hole], W.S.; Eng. (Dial.) nickle, hickwall, etc. [a woodpecker],
' goldfinch ' (Carduelis elegans) ; dgak 9 nikko, ' cock goldfinch '.
niklts, s.pl., sing, niklan, f., Eng. necklace, ' beads '.
niks *bo:l, s., ? Eng. liquorice-pole ; ' liquorice ' (Bangor).
nimpin, nimpjad, nimpjo [impin, impjad, impjo\
m'nna, pron., ninnau, ' we ', conjunctive form of m':.
niygi [gwniygi].
nirin, s., ' a small particle ', applied only to fire : nirin ba:\ o da:n
(Bangor).
ni:0t s.f., pi. niBod, nith, D., * niece '.
niOjo, v., nithio, D., ' to winnow, sift '.
niuburx, niuoufa, Niwbwrch, D.G. cxxxviii, 2, ' Newborough '.
niuk, s., * a penny ' (slang) ; niuk a mag, ' a penny halfpenny '.
»/«/, s.m., pi. niulja, niwl, D., 'mist': niul fe:ut niul trum; —
niul terwyl, distau; — may 9 niul yy kodi o:d ar 9 barig, l the mist is
rising from the hoar-frost ' ; dma hi n niul arna i, ' a mist came
on ' ; mynd i r niul, ' to be befogged ' (fig.).
niuljog, adj., niwlog, D., * misty '.
niurigl, s., ' ivy ' (I.W.). Cf. i&au, irugl, jurug, murigl, murugl,
urogl.
nivar, s.m., nifer, D., ' number ' : nivar maur.
niwad, s.m., niweid, D., ' injury, harm '.
niwcidjo, v., niweidio, D., * to injure '.
niweidjolj adj., niweidiol, D., ' injurious '.
njaluX) s., anialwch, D., ' rubbish ' : du i y gadal digon o hem
njalu\ i xi &r V o:l t, ' I am leaving behind a great deal of old
rubbish for you ' ; pam na heli di r njalux na odj'ar 9 fork ?, ' why
don't you clear that rubbish (i. e. chippings from hedges) off the
road ? ' Cf. anjalux.
396 njoni — no:d
njoni, v., uniawni, D. (i) ' to straighten ' : mynd a pe:B i r eval
i njoni, ' to take a thing to the smithy to be straightened ' ; njoni
i ben, ' to hold up one's head '. (2) ' to strike straight (across) ' :
njoni dros 3 ka:y.
nfonyn,s.m., pi. njonod (sometimes winwin, winwins in the aggre-
gate), 'onion*.
no, adv., yno, D., s.v. ' ibi ' ; * there ' : mynd no, ' to go there ' ;
r o:d na gufas 8a: no, ' there was a great fight ' [*«<?].
noblt adj., comp. nobljax, nobl, L.G.C. 86. 4 ; Eng. noble, (i)
' splendid, fine ' : may gwe:§ nobl gmo vo, ' he has a fine team ' ;
may hi n vyux nobl, ' it is a fine cow ' ; mi vasa kavoddn nobl i sstun
9 lu:x, ' a shower would be a splendid thing to lay the dust '. (2)
of agreeable character : dy:n nobl (= klruar, kle:ri). (3) ' noble,
good ' (of family) : teyly nobl.
no:d, s., pi. noda, nod, D., ' mark ' : noda klistja devaid, 'ear-marks'.
The following were supplied by JJ. : —
kara y-n
A ^ tori l>la:yn <(£. ^
lanjaA Tcajad
<^" ^
bid* fyi- Qotjad, ' Tcara day dorjad
^^_ — '
/\ leL&n- - <(S—\ slump
<(fr ^
<-'£ 1ri:figin. <'-'"£ ^lori
< XC-^-
By combining the above, e.g. ^€^ "* tori bla:yn a holti n dair
a tmny r isa i fur, and using both ears, the number of possible
nodi — noswaB 397
marks is said to be 998. — [O.H. gives the name bla:yn gwennol
to the mark described above as /orx, and describes for\ as
three parallel slits at the tip of the ear, which by a perpendicular
cut could easily be transformed into bla:yn gwennol, — a circum-
stance which probably led to the disuse of the former. For tmjad
hjaB he has dnrnod ktjaB.}
nodi, v., nodi, D., ' to cut marks in sheep's ears ' : nodi devaid.
noduyb [niduyS],
nog, s., ' refractoriness ' : r o:b na riu nog m 9 Ktfyl.
nogjo, v., ' to be refractory ' : may r Kefyl ?n nogjo = kay tmny ;—
may r ta:n ?n nogjo, ' the fire won't burn '.
noglyd, adj., ' refractory ', applied esp. to horses.
no'iBi, v., noethi, D., ' to make bare '.
noiBni, s., noethni, D., ' nakedness '.
nok, s., ' shilling ' (slang) ; cf. niuk, mag.
nokkar, s.m., ' door-knocker ' = rap.
no:l (sometimes do:l, Bangor), v., formed from m o:l, nol, T.N.
466.5. Fut. nola, etc., ' to fetch ': mynd i no:l du:r, ' to go for water ' ;
no:l a danvon ydu i 'tru: r dy:b, ' I am fetching and carrying all day '.
no:s, s.f. (pi. nosweiBja, cf. noswaff), nos, D., ' night ' : no:s ly:n,
' Monday night ' ; &id a r no:s, ' in the evening ' ; tru gid a r no:s,
' all the evening ' ; no:s vory, ' to-morrow night ' ; no:s dolig,
€ Christmas Eve ' ; no:s galan, * New Year's Eve ' ; o vora dan no:s,
' from morning till night ' ; no:s 8y:, ' dark night ' ; r o:d hiwedimynd
m lawar o r no:s, ' it was far on in the night' ; nos'ta:u\, ' good night '.
nosi, v., nosi, D., ' to become night ' : may hi n nosi, ' the night
is coming on ' ; mi vy:8 m deyra nosi am dri: o r glo:\ yn reit vy:an
ru:an, ' it will begin to get dark at three o'clock very soon now ' ;
may hi n nosi n neis heno, ' it's a fine evening ' (remark to passer by).
noson, s.f., noson, Esth. vi. i, ' a (particular) night ' : may r noson
9n mynd m vaur, ' the night is getting stormy ' ; du:y noson heb
gysgy, ' two sleepless nights ' ; ^ noson huylysa, ' the most convenient
night ' ; pen may hi n noson bra:v vel heno, ' when it is a fine night
like to-night ' ; noson 8y:, ' a dark night ' ; noson bran) serennog, ' a
fine starlight night ' ; noson leyad, ' a moonlight night ' ; noson
lawan, ' a merry evening ', ' a feast made on behalf of some one ',
e.g. on his return from a long absence (cf. neiBar) ; na:u noson
gola, ( the harvest moon '.
nosuyl, s.f., pi. noswilja, noswyl, D., ' the time when the day's
work is over ' : kadu nosuyl, * to cease work ' ; also ' to get the
night off ' ; kayl nosuyl ar o:l xwe-'X o r glo:\, ' to get the night off
after six '.
noswaB, s.f., pi. noswei'Bja, noswaith, 2 Cor. xi. 25, ' night' : may
398 noswiljo — nydon
r noswaB am bra:v ond bot i n o:yr, ' the night is fine except that it
is cold ' ; y:n noswaB may hi n laun, ' it (the moon) is full for one
night ' ; nosweiBja hi:r a geya, ' the long winter evenings ' ; may
gobaiB nosweiBja gola n vy:an ruan, ' there is hope of light evenings
soon now ' ; may hi n o:yr heno \adal o.y8 hi nosweiBja o r blayn,
1 it is colder to-night than it has been lately ' ; noswaB vaur, ' a
stormy night '.
noswiljo, swiljo, v., noswylio, D.} ' to get the night off, to cease
work for the night '.
notif'o, v., ' to notice ' = salwi, dal sylu.
n0u, pet name for ' Owen '.
n0uf'o, v., nowsio, D., s.v. * exudo '. (i) 'to ooze': du:r an
n0uf'o alan o dan wal. (2) riu n0uf'o glaujo, rhewi, buru eira, ' to
rain, freeze, snow very slightly '. (3) n0uf'o rhe:u, eira, ' to " smell "
frost, snow ', i. e. to have an inkling that they are coming through
a kind of affection of the nostrils (in this sense, perhaps from Eng.
' nose ').— All O.K.
n0uvad, adj., nawfed, D., ' ninth '.
novjo, v., nofio, D., ' to swim ; to float '.
no:y, s.f., pi. nbya, nuya, no:y§, no:8, noe, Exod. xl. 7, 'a dish used
in making butter ' : tri:n ? menyn an 9 noy.
no:yB, adj., noeth, D. (i) ' naked ' : no:yB bmmyn, l stark naked ' ;
deyd rubaB an i wymmad no:yB, ' to say something to his face ' ;
bgad no:yBt ' naked eye '. (2) ' bare, exposed ' : le: no:yB jaun adi
nt, /, «, onid, D., s.v. ' nonne ' ; an interrogative particle expecting
the answer ' yes ' — used before vowels (cf. an] : (ri)t e: ? onid e =
Fr. ' n'est-ce pas '. Not restricted to sentences of the form durnod
brav adi hi, nt e: ?, but used indiscriminately, e. g. may o wedi mynd,
t e: S — Also with verbs ddi\ nt adi?, ' yes, it is, isn't it ?' ; r 0:8 a ta:n
wedi mynd i laur, nt 0:8 S, ' the fire had gone low, hadn't it ? ' ; mi
'gwelsoxi o, n do: /*, ' you saw him, didn't you ? ' ; nt adi hi y glu:s /,
'isn't it pretty!', but sentences like 'oni welsoch chwi ef?' are
generally expressed by 'welsoxi in ono vo ? or dary \i mo i weld o ?
nta, adv., yntau, ' then ', Fr. ' done ' : mi Keifi o nta [la].
nu [nhui].
nu.yd, s.f., pi. nuyda, nwyd, R. [manner or fashion], ' passion ' :
nu:yd vaur ; — may i nuyda wedi gonkro vo; — ka:l plesar an i nuyda
i hy:n; — gulun i nuyda, 'to give his passions play'; fruyno i
nuyda, ' to control one's passions ' ; porBi i nuyda, ' to feed one's
passions '.
nydo, v., udo, D., ' to howl '.
nydon, s., anudon, D., ' perjury ' : tayy nydon, ' to commit perjury '.
ny:B — nhuBa 399
ny:Bt s.m., pi. wBod, nyth, D., ' nest ' : hd mBod, ' to go bird-
nesting'; ny:B Keiljog bronwaB, 'thrush's nest'; ny:B kakkun,
' hornet's nest ' ; ba:x 9 ny:B = ti:n 9 ny:B, l the smallest of a brood
of chickens ', ' the youngest of a family '.
mduyb, rwduyb, noduyt, s.f., pi. duyte, duya, nodwydd, D. ; cf.
nydwydd, K.H. 20. 7, ' needle ' : very frequently n*duy by:r ; cf.
pi. duya ; — nyduy fy:r sanna, ' darning needle ' ; krai wduy fy:r,
1 eye of a needle ' ; rh0u\ r eda n 9 mduyb, ' thread the needle ' ;
may r eda wedi du:ad ajan o r wduyb, * the needle has come
unthreaded ' ; d#ux a mduyb a& eda i mi roi botlum arno vo, ' bring
me a needle and thread for me to put a button on it ' ; Ke'if'o wduyll
meun ta:s ivair, ' to look for a needle in a bottle of hay ' ; mdu&
dren, ' instrument used in thatching ' (O.H.) ; — mo:r niduybt ' gar-
fish ' (Belone vulgaris).
nriur, s.m., nyddwr, O.P. [A spinner], 'nightjar' = troiljur
(Caprimulgus europaeus).
nzby, v., nyddu, D., ' to spin '.
mxdod, s.m., nychdod, D., ' a lingering illness ' : hi:r ns\dod.
nz\lyd, adj., nychlyd, D., ' sinking, crushed '.
n*\y, v., nychu, D., ' to sink, be crushed '; * to crush, overstrain
(oneself) ' : rnyy n hi:r, n^xy n ratio/, ' to be gradually sinking ' (of
a mortal illness) ; du i dgest a v? n^xy, ' I am almost sinking,
crushed ' ; — du i wedi iwxy w hy:n m la:n; — -paid a naxy dz hy:n uB
weiBjo.
nma, pron., hwnyna, ' that ' (person or thing) : tfap o:d nma i x/,
' he was a rogue '.
mpnig, s., ' nutmeg '.
nsrs, s.f., ' nurse ' : mrs tendjo, ' monthly nurse '.
nsBjad, s., nythaid, I.G. 180 [78], ' brood, litter' : nrtjad o vo:x
= hat/ad o vo:x>
nrty, v., nythu, D., ' to nest '.
nherob \neroS\.
nku:, pron., hwy, hwynt; cf. nhwy, D.F. [14]. u, 16, etc.
Unstressed nu, sometimes nearly nu ; on the other hand the stressed
form is sometimes nu:. ' they, them ' : emphatic form rnhu:, con-
junctive form nhuBa.
nhuBa, pron., hwythau ; cf. ynhwythau, G.R. [123]. i ; nhwytheu,
D.F. [112]. 5, 'they'. Conjunctive form of nhu:.
400 o: — o
o:, s., the letter ' O ' : vel o: dgi: meun tebot (or brerwas), l in
apple-pie order ' (lit. ' like O.G. in a teapot ') (W.H.) ; mynd 9n si:
ag m i: ag m o: (E.J.), ' to go in a zigzag fashion '.
o (sometimes o: when stressed), prep., o, D. With pronouns :
S. i. o hona i, o na i, 2. o 'honat(i), *onat(i), 3. o hono (vo), ono (vo);
o honi (hi), oni (hi). PI. i. o 'honan(i), 'onan(i), 2. o 'honox(t), o
'hona\(f), 'onox(t), 'onax(i), 3. o 'honyn(u), 'onyn(u). Takes the
vocalic mutation ; ' of, from '.
I. in a general sense denoting ' origin ', both of space and
time, (i) place whence a movement is or has been made, 'from'
(in contradistinction to i): o b le: daxin du:adt>, ' where do you come
from ? ' ; du:adaferins o rfair, ' to bring back sweets from the fair';
r 0:8 dagra m peruljo o i bgaid o, ' tears were streaming from his
eyes ' ; may n haus mynd i r gwely na \odi o hono vo, ' it is easier to
go to bed than to get out of it ' ; mynd o i go:, ' to go out of one's
mind ' ; mynd o r going, ' to disappear ' ; anod tsnny kast o he:n
gefyl (prov.), ' it is difficult to cure an old horse of a trick ' ; mynd
alan o i ford, ' to go out of his way ' ; rubaB sy y kodi o oyrval,
'something which is caused by cold'; — without a verb expressed:
dy:n o 2 go:, ' a madman ' ; dy:n o r s0u&, ' a man from South Wales ' ;
rubaQ alan o le:, ' something wrong ' ; kolad o r Bu.y oxor, l a loss on
both sides ' ; — so also in expressions of the form : o dippin i be:6,
' gradually ' ; or nail dy: i r lal, ' from one side to the other ' ; o
gam i gam, ' step by step ' ; — similarly with adjectives : gneyd rubaQ
o va:x i vaur, 'to enlarge something'. (2) time from which a
reckoning is made : o v? mebyd, ' from my childhood '. (3) with
du:ad, 'to become of: be vasa n du:ad o 'honoxi?, 'what would
have become of you ? ' ; be 8o:0 o hono vo t3bad ?, ' what has become
of him I wonder ? ' (4) of children, ' by ' : r o:d gmo vo u:y& o
blant o i wraig ganta, ' he had eight children by his first wife '.
II. denoting the substance of which something is made or
consists, or of which it forms a part, (i) the substance of which
a thing is made : rubaQ wedi neyd o go:yd, ' something made of
wood ' ; — similarly : peidjux a gneyd padar o hono vo, ' don't make
a long story of it ' ; gneyd kukri o 'honynu, ' to make a muddle of
them '. (2) the substance of which a thing consists : du:r wedi rhewt
n ha:yn o re:u arno vo, ' water with a film of ice on it ' ; may o m
bbmman o re:u, ' it is one piece of solid ice ' (e. g. a lake) ; — similarly
e\uyn o dorQ, ' the loan of a loaf. (3) the relation of a whole to its
part, (a) after nouns of quantity as digon, ' enough ', dim, m, ' none ',
also when in English the simple negative is required as welis i m
ono vo, * I did not see him ' ; gormod, ' too much, too many ' ; rhei,
' some ' ; hznny, ' that much ' ; lawar, ' many ' ; mu.y, ' more ' ;
vain/, ' how much ? ' ; \3dig, ' little ' ; dusin, l a dozen '; gtinja,
' scores ' ; mi:l9 ' a thousand ', etc.; — so also darn o htyarn, l a piece
of iron ' ; kalan o sebon, * a bar of soap ' ; puys o/ugur, ' a pound
of sugar ' ; %he:s o fa'nna, ' a row of pins ' ; etc., etc. (b) after
numerals (= a numeral followed by a noun in the singular): pedar
0 xwioryb, * four sisters ' ; day ne dri: o tornodja, ' two or three
days', (c) after a cardinal number, denoting one or more of
a quantity; or after an ordinal number or superlative denoting a
particular part of a whole, or singling out one or more of a number :
xwe:x ne saiB o honynu, ' six or seven of them ' ; y:n o r sgoljon,
' one of the schools ' ; 9 %han y\a o r dru:s, ' the uppermost part of
a door ' ; r y\a o r day yna, ' the top one of those two ' ; 9 tal_a o r
bexgin, * the tallest of the boys '. (d) similarly after an interrogative
pronoun : pu:y o 'hono\i?, ' which of you ? '
III. in expressing the time of day : vain/ (fd)i o r glo:\ ?,
1 what time is it ? ' ; tri: o r glo:x, ' three o'clock '.
IV. denoting the category (height, length, etc.) to which a
measurement refers : duy la:B o daldra, ' six feet in height ' ; ty: a
modvad o dru:\, ' about an inch thick ' ; so o hy:d, ' in length ' ;
o le:d, ' in breadth '.
V. denoting the kind to which a thing belongs : po:b ma:B o
gastja, ' all kinds of tricks ' ; r y: va$ o gakkan, ' the same kind of
cake ' ; meunforft o farad, ' so to speak ' ; dyl gwla:d o farad, ' a
manner of speaking in the country '.
VI. after a noun introducing another noun of closer definition :
sais o genedl, ' an Englishman by race ' ; fomro o wa:yd, ' a Welsh-
man by birth '.
VII. conversely, introducing the more general of the two nouns
thus brought together : may o TJ globyn o blentyn^ ' he is a big lump
of a child ' ; lump o 8y:n te:u, ' a fat lump of a man ' ; may o n verx
o 8y:n, l he is an effeminate man ' ; klamp o glystan, * a great box on
the ears ' ; tanluyQ o da:n, ' a great roaring fire ' ; kwih'S o be:6, * a
shameful thing0' ; may o n 8/aul o be:B bo:t z vejy, ' it is scandalous
that it is so '.
VIII. denoting the relation of attribute, quality or condition :
dy:n o dammar 'ansrvzdlog, ' a man of unsteady temper ' ; pasgodyn o
vaint dy:n, 'a fish of the size of a man'; o ry:n vaint a hunna, 'of the
same size as that ' ; dwndur o igjan la:0, ' a depth of twenty yards '.
IX. defining an adjective by a preceding noun or adjective :
vel heyarn sbayn o galad, ' as hard as Spanish steel ' ; vel bo'lol o
deruvyl, ' pitch dark ' ; vel margrig o va:n, ' as tiny as ants ' ; n o le:u
o har§, ' fairly pretty ' ; -an'rheyBol o raid, * extraordinarily cheap ' ;
»n od (sobor, hmod, rhrve&ol) o bra.~u, l wonderfully fine '.
X. after adjectives denoting the substance which causes the
quality: m de:u o vloda, 'thick with flowers'; m vyu o gnonod,
' alive with maggots ' ; m wyn o varig, ' white with hoar-frost ' ; m
8y: o bobol, ' black with people '.
1433 D d
402 o — o:
XL after adjectives, introducing a closer definition : klo:f o i
Seydrod, ( lame in both feet '.
XII. after adjectives, qualifying statements of praise : tal o i
o:yd, ' tall for his age ' ; hznod o i o:yd, ' wonderful for his age ' ; o
8y:n ivayk r o:d o m pngeBy n rhagorol, ' for a young man he was
an excellent preacher '.
XIII. after comparatives, defining the amount by which the
thing compared exceeds : m brytiax o r hannar, ( dearer by half ; 9n
sgavnax o Sekpuys, ' lighter by ten pounds ' ; mu:y o hannar koron,
' more by half a crown ' ; 9n veyax na nha:d o vhnrtod, ' younger
than my father by years ' ; gwel o lawar, ' better by far'.
XIV. ' on ' in such expression as mi sava tod oxor di, ' I will
stand on your side ', ' I will defend you ' ; sgurf'o o i hoxor hi, ' to
speak in her defence '.
XV. 'from' after nouns expressing protection, defence, shelter,
etc. : kayl lonriux o sbrddjon dru:g, ' to get free from molestation by
evil spirits '.
XVI. after certain adjectives : amdivad o rubaB, ( destitute of
something ' : balx o, ' glad of, proud of ' ; found o, ' sure of '
(e.g. catching some disease); laun o, 'full of; far o, 'sure to',
e. g. may o nfar o vynd, l he is sure to go '.
XVII. after certain verbs, e. g. ambivady o rubaB, ' to deprive
of something '.
XVIII. before certain adjectives which thus acquire adverbial
force (in this case generally o:), e. g. o: SeBa, ' right ' ; o: xwiQig,
' wrong ' ; o: divrt, ' seriously ' ; o: gubul, after a negative ' at all '.
XIX. in certain adverbial and prepositional locutions, e.g.
o axos, ' because ' ; o blaid, ' on the side of ; o vlayn, prep., ' before '
\bla:yn\ ; o r blayn, adv., ' before ' \bla:yn\ ; o dan, ' under ' [tan] ;
o r di'wad, ' at last ' ; o rgora, ' all right, very well ' [gora~\ ; o gumpas,
prep, and adv., ' about ' \kumpas\ ; o hy:d, ' continually ' \hy:d\ ; o
ran, prep., ' as regards ', ' with respect to ', ' for the sake of : o ran
hu:yl, l for fun ' ; o ran edrsxjad, ' as far as appearances are con-
cerned ' ; o tano§, adv., oddi tanodd, ' underneath ' ; o vuya, ' for
the most part '.
o:, prep., for ' oddi ' in o: na, oddi yna, ' from there ' as d0ux o:
na; do:s o: na.
o:, interj., ' Oh ! ' : nt 9di m bra:v ? o: ! may n hsvryd, ' isn't it
fine ? '— ' Oh ! it's delightful ' ; o: ! daxi i veun, l Oh ! you are in ' ;
o: ta:d!, ' mercy on us ! '
o: (when unstressed o), pron., for ' fo ', shortened form of ' efo ',
originally the emphatic form of ' ef ' — ' he, him '. Whether used as
subject or object o: occurs after all consonants, after the vowel t,
after the diphthongs a:u, e:u, iu andjy^, and generally after e andjy,
as mi welod o, ' he saw ' ; mi gwelis i o, 'I saw him ' ; dary o
, ' he started ' ; may o, 'he is ' (very rarely may vo) ; — as
od — of rum 403
complement to /', i da:d o, l his father ' (pater ejus) ; ; //': o, ' his
saw'; i U: o, 'his place* (sometimes ;' le: vo), t la:u o;— but i
sgidja vo, i lu: vo, i udu vo, etc. ; — emphatic form rvo:, conjunctive
form von/a, 9nta. Cf. vo:.
od, adj., od, D.G. xxxi. 20, ' odd, extraordinary ' : may hi n od o
forp, ' she is extraordinarily sharp ' ; may hi n od o brarv t%a pariB
yr hayl, ' it is wonderfully fine so long as the sun lasts '.
odjaQ, adv., odiaeth, D., ' very, extremely ' : may o n da: odjaB;
may n odjaB o da:, * it is extremely good '.
ods, s., ods, C.C. 467. 28 (ed. 1779); Eng. odds: dim ods &in i,
1 it's all the same to me ' ; / o:ys dim ods be foydiQ i, ' it doesn't
matter what she says ' ; / o:d gin i dim ods be by da vo, * I didn't care
what he said ' ; os by:b rubaB an mynd 9 tnla.yn, dim ods be:, may nu
nfu:r o vo:d mo, ' if there is anything going on, it doesn't matter
what, they are sure to be there ' ; ta ny riu ods, ' if that is anything ' ;
' for the matter of that ' ; pu:y ods vasa vo />, ' what would it matter ? '
odyn, s.f., pi. odma, odyn, D., ' kiln ' : odyn gal\, ' limekiln '.
odi, o:d, 08, o:, prep., oddi, but cf. odyma, W.B. col. 8. 1 1 ; odyna,
W.B. col. 19. 20 ; odyno, W.B. col. 13. 3, — originally ' o ' + O.W.
'di ', 'from', — only used before adverbs or before other prepositions ;
oddi yna generally takes the form o: na; oddi wrth becomes
generally oruQ [see below]; — odjalan — o:d (od) afan, 'from without ';
o&jam = o:d (08) am, ' from around ' : mi dmnis igolar o:d am i udu vo,
' I took off his collar ' ; tinny 9 kro:yn od am dani hi, ' to peel it '
(e. g. a stick) ; dary mi dim tinny nho:t odjam dana, ' I did not take
off my coat ' ; — sometimes o:d is omitted as dary mi dim tinny am
dana nei&jur, ' I did not undress last night ' ; — odj'ar = o:d (od) ar,
' from on, from ' : migzmerod 9 b6yr od/ar i vraud, ' he took the letter
from his brother '; may o wedi kayl tommyd i e'ido o:d arno vo, 'he
has been deprived of his property ' ; may r niul ?y kodi o:d ar 9
barig, ' the mist is rising from the hoar-frost'; gloyvux ? du:r od/ar
9 tattus, ' strain the water off the potatoes ' ; helu\ 9 briuf'on o:d
ar 9 laur, ' get the crumbs up ' ; anod tinny dy:n o:d ar i dzluyQ
(prov.), ' what is bred in the bone will out in the flesh ' ; — odi vjaun
(= veun), ' from inside, on the inside ' : r\i: n agor y dru:s obi vjaun
ag rvi: odjalan, 'you opening the door from the inside and I from
the outside ' ; — oruB = oddi wrth, ' from ' (as opposed to af) : du i
n disgul h6yr oruBo vo, ' I am expecting a letter from him ' ; mi&e'if
i bo:yn garu oruB 9 dolyr, ' I suffered great pain from the wound ' ;
t gadu 3 radal oruB 9 ta:n, ' to keep a griddle from the fire ' ; m
hoyjan oruB 3 gb'ydan, ' hanging from the tree '.
ofrum, s.m., pi. ofrrmma, offrwm, D., ' a contribution in money
made at a funeral and generally placed on the altar or a table
provided for the purpose, immediately after the service held in the
church '.
D d 2
404 ofnmmy — o:l
ofrsmmy, frmmy, v., offrymu, D., 'to contribute money at a
funeral '.
o:g, s., og, D., ' harrow '.
ogla [hogla].
ogo, s.f., pi. ogo-veyb, ogof, D., ' cave '.
didi, v., oedi, D., 'to delay ' : mi b'idis hevo hun a hun ag migolis
9 tre:n; — du i 8im am didi dim xwanag, du i am rhoid nu ar go:st i
ti, * I will not put up with any further delay : I will put you into
court for it ', i. e. the money.
oinin, s.m., oenyn, D., ' a little lamb '.
biri, v., oeri, D., 'to become cold' : may hi n biri ty: a gid a r
no:s, ' it gets cold towards evening ' ; krfybux at nakku Kin do vo oiri,
' have some of that before it gets cold '.
birjog, adj., oeriog, ' chilly '.
oirni, s.m., oerni, D., ' cold'.
okkum, s., ' oakum '.
okkyn \Jogyn\.
okfun, s.m., pi. okfuns, ' auction'; gwerBy ar okfun, ' to sell by
auction'. . Also fair okfun.
oxenad, s.f., pi. oxneidja, ochenaid and uchenaid, D., ' sigh ' :
oxenad drom, ' a deep sigh '.
oxneidjo, v., ucheneidio, D., ' to sigh '.
oxor, s.f., pi. oxra, ochr, D. (i) ' side ' : dary mi moxal 2 gla:u
n oxor 9 klauS, ' I sheltered from the rain at the side of (= behind)
the wall ' ; du i y gwisgo va sgidja ar 3r oxra, ' I tread down my
boots on one side ' ; kolad o r buy oxor, ' a loss on both sides ' ; 9
8qy m oxra i gilib ay kzsgy, ' the two side by side sleeping ' ; gweiBjo
i hoxor hi, ' to work with a will ' ; rhoi rubaB m i oxor, ' to put
something on its side ' ; oxor moxyn, ' a flitch of bacon ' ; fo:n bo:b
oxor, ( one who tries to please every one ' = fo:n plef'o paub ;
oxor ry:8 (in slate quarries), 'free side' [pen rhy:&\. (2) 'slope':
ar oxor 9 bryn; — r o:d 9 ka:y ar i le:d oxor, 'the field was rather
sloping '.
oxrt'» VM ochri, D., ' to turn over on one's side ', e. g. in swimming ;
' to side with ' = pleidjo.
oxrog, adj., ochrog, D., ' sloping ' : le: oxrog ddi o.
o:l, s.m., pi. oljon (and ola in the expressions ar i hola, etc.), ol,
D., ' trace, mark ' ; generally hod or ho:yl in this sense [^.'/].
Compounded with prepositions :
I. ar 0.7. 1. prep. — with pronouns. S. i. ar v o:l (i), 2. ar
o:l 405
d o:l (di\ 3. ar i o:l (0); ar i hod (hi). PI. i. ar (>)« hola (ni),
2. ar (?)x (h)o:l (*/), 3. ar i hola (nu). (i) of place, (a) 'after,
behind ' : d un i Mm be ban* o i vla:yn ne ar i o:l o, ' 1 don t know
what comes before or after it ' ; kay 9 dru:s ar i o:/, ' to shut the
door after, behind him ' ; y:n don ar o:l i faf, * one wave after the
other '. (b) ' after ' (with the object of overtaking) : %hedag ar i o:l
0, ' to run after him '. (c) ' after ' (implying care, solicitation, etc.) :
edrax ar o:l 9 ta:nt * to see after the fire ' ; edra\ ar i 0.7, * to look
after him ' ; 'to go and see him ' : ma: r gweinidog an du:ad ar v
0.7 i os na vrta i n mynd i r kappal, ' the minister comes after me if
I don't go to chapel '. (d) after expressions implying longing, etc. :
b&a i n xwt:6 ar x o:l **', ' I shall miss you ' ; by& m xtvM &° ar
o:l baygor, ' he will miss Bangor ' ; may gmo vo hira6 ar i hola nu,
* he misses them '. (e) ' behind ' : gadal ?\ arjan ar y\ 0.7, ' to leave
your money behind you '. (f) in the phrase ar o:l t smnuyr, ' out of
his senses '. (2) of time, ' after ' : by:H go \9dig o amsar ar o:l /<:,
1 there won't be much time after tea ' ; ma: r tre:n ar o:l i amsar,
' the train is late ' ; tan ar o:lsuppar, ' till after supper ' ; du:y noson
ar 0.7 f'/tZft, ' two nights running ' ; ar 0.7 idi bu:ad i r (y:, ' after
she had come home ' ; ne'ifhi gnesy ar 0.7 idi hi vuru, ' it will get
warm after the snow ' ; — ot things inherited : get di weld be &ei di
ar 0.7 d ewyrB, ' you will see what your uncle leaves you '. 2. adv.
(i) 'left behind': may na y:n ar 0.7, 'there is one of them left
behind '. (2) ' left out ' : gadal rhiu air ar 0.7, ' to leave some word
out '. (3) ' missing, wrong ' : rubaB ar 0.7, ' something wrong ' ;
r 0:8 i olug ar 0.7, ' his sight was defective '.
II. m 0.7. 1. prep, (i) 'for* : mynd 9n 0.7 du:r, ' to go for
water, to fetch water '. In this sense m 0.7 has generally become
corrupted into ino:l\no:l\. (2) ' according to': n o:l po:b tebig, 'in
all probability' ; n o:l po:b golug, 'to all appearances'; n o:l marn
1, ' in my opinion ' ; breybuyd gwra:x n 0.7 i hu]ys, ' the dream of
a hag according to her will ', i. e. ' the wish is father of the thought '.
2, adv. (i) 'back': mi do: i n 0.7 erbyn Kinjo, 'I shall come
back in time for dinner ' ; — in this case pronouns are generally
inserted pleonastically, e. g. pry:d d0u\i n x o:l?t ' when will you
come back ? ' ; K'e'iQ paub i voks m i 0.7, ' they will all get their boxes
back ' ; mi a: i a vo: n i 0.7, ' I will take it back ' ; troi n v 0.7, ' to
turn back ' ; may hi n du:ad ?n ha: n i 0.7 etlo^ ' the summer is
coming back ' ; na: i roid rhti ni 9n i hola nu (=.m i ho:t), ' I will
put these back '. (2) ' back ', of something done in return for, in
revenge for something : taly r pu:y& m 0.7, ' to pay (him) back, to
pay (him) out ' ; mi kosa i di os na Bewi di. — mi kosa inna diQa n
0.7, ' I'll give it you if you don't stop '. — ' I'll give it you afterwards '.
(3) ' backwards ' : m o:l ag 9 mla:yn, ' backwards and forwards '.
(4) ' ago ' : rhei usnosa n 0.7, ' a few weeks ago ' ; 9\9dig m 0.7,
'a short time ago '. (5) with ty:t ' behind ' : may o ty: n 0.7 i x* ar
laur, ' it is on the floor behind you '.
406 o:l — onf
o:l, adj., ol, D., * hind, hinder, hindmost, back ' ; in sup. ' last ' :
olwyn 0.7, ' back wheel ' : -xvoartar o:l moxyn, ' hind quarter of a pig ' ;
tra:yd o:l, ' hind feet ' (cf. bla:yn) ; r ola o r Ia:y6, { the last of the
milk ' (at milking) ; 9 mi:s ola = 9 mi:s duyBa (Fr. le dernier mois),
' the last month ' ; 9 dy:d ola (duyQa) o r mi:s, ' the last day of the
month '.
olwyn, s.f., pi. luinjon, olwyn, D., * wheel ' : olwyn o:l ' back
wheel ' ; palad olwyn, ' boss of a wheel ' (cf. adan, bo:6, busan, exal,
kammog, kylx) '> olwyn 8u:r, ' water-wheel ' ; olwyn gokkos, ( cog-
wheer.
0.7, adv., oil, D., ' wholly ' : gora o:l ' all the better ' ; 9y gmta
0.7, ' first of all ' ; 9 kubul 0.7, * the whole lot ' ; 3 kman 0.7, ' the
whole '. [With the exception of the first two of these expressions,
0.7 is seldom used, i gi:d or kubul taking its place.]
ond, md, ond, D. I. conj., ' but ' : r o:yb gin i lawar jaun
0 wy:a ond dary dimy.n o 'honynu dy:or, ' 1 had a great many eggs,
but not one of them hatched '.
II. prep., 'but, besides, except'; with negative verb often
equivalent to ' only ' : vedar y:n neyd ond i ora, ' one can only do
one's best, one can but do one's best ' (cf. Fr. ne . . . que) ; / 9du
1 dim ond smaljo hevo xi, ' I am only joking ' ; / 9di hi Sim ondmegis
deyray ' it is only beginning, as it were ' ; be naun i ond deyd 9 gwi:r ?,
' what should I do but tell the truth ? ' ; welt's i m ono vo ond weld o n
mynd, ' I only saw him as he was going ' ; x^s i &m 'on^ 'mynd,
' I did go, but that was all ' ; / o:s na dim 'ond 'mynd, ' there is
nothing for it but to go ' ; ne't'6 dim y:n o • honynu dim ond gado,
( none of them will do anything but promise ' ; dim ond 2'xi-'} ' only
you ' ; dim ont (mt) hznny ?, ' nothing but that ? ', 'is that all ? ' ;
dim ond kro:yn ar dr asgurn, ' nothing but skin and bone ' ; 9 iy: nesa
ondy:n, ' next door but one '. — With infinitive of the verb 'to be '
and pronoun, ' except my being, etc/, i.e. ' except that, but that ' :
may r noswaQ 9m bra:v ond bo:t i n o:yrt ' the night is fine except
that it is cold ' ; / o.yd dim by:d arno vo ond bo:d o wedi bytta gormod,
' there was nothing the matter with him except that he had eaten too
much ' ; ela wi:r mai dma be sy: ond bo:d ni dim ?y gubod, ' perhaps
it is so, indeed, but that we don't know '. — With infinitive of any
verb : ' on condition of (my being), if ' : wa:6 gin i 'le: i vyu ond
ka:l (= ond i mi ga:t) ped 'at vyu, ' I don't care where I live if only
I get something to live on ' ; dani wedi klu:ad peQa da: jaun ond ini
dal -attynu a i gneyd nu, ' we have heard some very good things if
only we give heed to them and do them '.
oni, conj., oni, D., ' if . . . not, unless ' : only with the verb ' to be '
in form oni ba:(y), e.g. mi 'vasaxi n 'ayhovjo x pen oni ba: i vo:d 3n
s0und 'dnoxi, ' you would forget your head if it were not fastened to
your shoulders '. See also bo:d.
onsal — os 407
onsal, s., Eng. handsel, ' a first purchase at a new shop ' : rhaid
i mi vynd mo i roid onsal ydynu (Bangor).
o:r, oyr, gor-, in o:r uyr (J.J.) ; oyr uyr (O.H.), gorwyr, R.,
1 great-grandson ' ; oyr oyr uyr (O.H.), ' great-great-grandson ' ;
o:r sgtnnyd (].].), goresgynnydd, I.G. 160 [21] ; D., s.v. ' atnepos ' :
' great-great-great-grandson '.
oraindg, orandg, s.m., pi. orandgis, oraens, L.G.C., 13 [60];
orens, W.LI. Ixi. 15; oreins, D., s.v. 'citron'; 'orange*.
ore/or, s.f., pi. ordors, ordos, order, C.C.M. i. 12; ordyr, W.S.
' order ' : may n or dor werB i \a:l ; hmmyd rubaB heb gad ordors.
ordro, v., ordrio, W.S. ; ordro, C.C. 186. 20; T.N. 100. 31, 'to
order, command ' ; ' to order (goods) '. Also gordro.
organ, s.f., pi. organa, organ, D., r.v. 'organum'; 'organ':
kany r organ, ' to play the organ ' ; \u&y r organ ' to blow the
organ '.
orJ°Si adj., 0"0g> D., ' changeable, capricious '.
orklau, s. = ol clawdd, ' traces of an old wall ' : do:s at r hem
orklau na, du i wedi gibjad o (i. e. the article in question) dan gar ag
(O.H.).
oruB — oddi wrth [odt].
os, conj., os, D., 'if. I. expressing an actual condition (i) with
present (or future with present meaning) refers to present time :
wel i \i beidjo du:ad os taxi n \lu:at i n oyr, ' you had better not
come if you feel it cold ' ; os idi o m famBag, ' if it costs one and
three '; wayd be di o os ydi oygneyddjomixi, ' it doesn't matter what
it is if it does you good ' ; os oys rubad ar t 6urd, ' if there is any-
thing on the table ' ; os 'leikju\i, ' if you like ' ; os gwelux ?n da:
(s gwelux 3 da:), ' if you please, please ' ; d#ux i edrax ta os na
'Xiveiljuxi, * come and see then if you don't believe ' ; os na vedar
dy:n neyd rubaB, vedar o dim ond i stompjo vo, ' if a man cannot do
something, he can but bungle it ' ; os nad 9di n rubaB 'g9no\it ' if
you don't mind ' ; os gun i, ' I wonder ' =.tsbad. (2) with the future,
refers to future time : os fy:d 9 derwyb dn fit, ' if the weather is fit ' ;
mi do: i os ka: i amsar, ' I will come if I have time ' ; fy:d 9 dy:n m
lugy os na vrzf'ux, ' the fellow will starve if you don't make haste ' ;
os na vy:d poppeB snjaun, rhaid i x* wet'di, ' if everything is not right
you must call out ' ; os medra i vynd, mi aru, ' if I can go, I will '; —
with verb omitted, os byu agja:x, ' if all's well ' ; — ' whether ', d un
i dim os ka: i ru:in m i le: vo, ' I don't know whether I shall get
any one in his place ' (= d un i dim ga: i . . .) ; — after di:ol\\ di:olx
os gne'iB o, ' I hope he will; thank Heaven if he will '. (3) with the
imperfect, expresses the future in past time : dary mam ado imiemn
sidan os aun i, ' my mother promised me a silk dress if I would go '.
II. with any tense (i) expressing a condition merely in form : os ?di
408 osgo — ovarholjo
hi n sa:I, du inna n sad hevyd, ' if she is ill, I am ill too ' ; os na
welso'xi' vi:, welt's i m ona xi6a, ' if you did not see me, I did not
see you '. (2) expressing a fulfilled condition, or a condition assumed
to be fulfilled : os o.y8 riu dru:g wedi neyd, ' if some harm had been
done ' ; os du i wedi gn'eyd dru:g dydux u6a i be du i wedi neyd, ' if
I have done wrong, tell me what I have done '. Cf. oni and pe.
III. as quasi-substantive : heb os nag oni bay, ' without any doubt
whatever '.
osgo, s.m., osgo, D. (i) * slope': meun osgo vel hyn, 'sloping
like this ' ; ma na osgo zno vo, may o y kodi i vmy ar osgo, ' it
slopes ' ; mynd i vmy ar osgo (of persons), * to go up in a slanting,
oblique manner '. (2) ' inclination ' : may osgo mynd mo vo, ' there
is plenty of " go" in him '; — / o.ys na Sim osgo dno vo\ t o.ys dim
osgo gwaiQ dno vo.
-ospitol, s.f., ' hospital '.-
ofo, v., ossio, B.C. 135. 6 ; osio, T.N. 226*6, ' to show a tendency
to ' : dary o §im of'o neyd o, ' he did not show any tendency to do
it ; he did not move a finger to do it '.
gugrym, s., awgrym, D., ' suggestion, hint ' : ge:stiruba& ? mi ge:s
i 0ugrym kaun i waiQ, ' did you get anything ? ' 'I was given to
understand that I should have work '.
0uxjo, v., awchio, ' to desire eagerly, to be greedy for ' : 0u\jo
ti:r ; — ma: r mo:x zn eruxjo bu:yd.
mxys, adj., awchus, L.G.C. 13 [44]; W.S. [Kene]; owchus,
W.LI, xviii. 3, 'having a sharp appetite, greedy, eager': r u:ti n
euxys am vu:yd; — h6ry n 0uxys, ' to snatch greedily ' ; %hoid ksyor
i 0uxys am beidjo mynd 9n rjiy: bet.
ovarr adj., ofer, D. (i) ' vain ' : mynd 9n ovar, 'to go in vain '.
(2) ' dissolute ', implying especially the idea of prodigality: dy:n
ovar, ' a dissolute man, a prodigal ' ; gwastrafy peBa n ovar, ' to
squander '. (3) ' frivolous, thoughtless, giddy ' : may r plant wedi
mynd 3n ovar la:s; — gneyd gwaiQ ovar. (4} } farad m ovar, ' to use
low, bad, unseemly language '.
ovardsvy, v., Eng. over ; and tyfu, ' to overgrow, grow too quickly'.
ovargodi, v., Eng. over; and codi, 'to rise too much', e.g. of
bread.
ovargoiljon, s. ; pi. of ofergoel, D.; cf. D.P.O. 250. 8, 'superstition '.
Dvargoylab, s., ofergoeledd, ' superstition ' (in the abstract).
ovargoylys, adj., ofergoelus, M.LI. i. 220. 30, ' superstitious '.
ovargrzvanna, s.pl., Eng, over ;. and carfan, ' movable boards to
heighten the sides of carts, cart-sloats '.
ovarholjo, v., ' to overhaul, pry into, search out ' : ovarholjo peQa
pobol eril a t%oi a trosinu; da\in ovarholjo po:b tulaxoyol — (O.K.).
ovarwe'iQjo — o:yn 409
ovarwe'i6jo, v., Eng. over ; and gweithio, ' to overwork ' .
ovn, s.m., pi. ovna, ofn, D., ' fear ' : by:b arna i brail ovn gwarBag,
* I am rather afraid of cattle ' ; ma na i ovn mod i n ?x kadu ymma,
1 1 am afraid I am keeping you here ' ; ma na t ovn na glaujo nei&
i tru: r dy:l, ( 1 am afraid it will rain all day ' ; may o y kodi ovn
arna i, * he frightens me ' ; ma na i brail d ovn di, 1 1 am rather
afraid of you ' ; na i ovn x*'t ' I am afraid of you ' ; r o:d arno vo
£immint o i hovn hi ag o:yl arna *>, ' he was as much afraid of her
as I was ' ; hi: 08 arna i ovn vuya o ne:b m 9 by:d, ' I was more afraid
of her than of any one else in the world ' ; — with ar omitted : may
paub i hovn nu, ' every one is afraid of them ' ; vrta vo Sim mo ihovn
hi, ' he was not afraid of her ' ; — in quasi-verbal sense : da\i ovn /,
' are you afraid ? ' ; cf. ifo; — rhak ovn, ' for fear (lest) ' ; £hak ovn
tdi davly kavod, ' for fear there is a shower ' ; rhak ovn na 'wela\i
m oni hi n van aku, ' for fear you might not see her there ' ; "tendjuxi
rhak ovn i \i strBjo, ' mind you don't fall ' ; — rhak ovn is sometimes
shortened into k ovn.
ovnadsan, adj. = ovnaduy : n o:yr ovnadsant " awfully cold ".
Sometimes intensified into ovnadsan !a:s.
ovnaduy, adj., ofnadwy, D., ' terrible, awful ' (very common in the
ordinary colloquial sense of these words = garu} : ma na vy:d
ovnaduy hevo \ti, f there is no end of trouble with you ' ; may r
fenast ?y klep/an m ovnaduy, ' the window is clattering terribly ' ;
may n xuQy n ovnaduy ; — dary \i na\ryn i n ovnaduy.
ovni, v., ofni, D., * to fear '.
ovnys, adj., ofnus, D., ' timid' : b&a i n ovnys jaun m 9 no:s.
0wan, Owain, ' Owen '.
o:yd, s.m., oed, D., ' age ' : w i o:yd, ' of age ' ; pobol meun o:ydt
* people getting on in years' ; vaint sdi (be: di) d o:yddi^ ' how old
are you ? ' ; blu:y§ o:yd, ' one year old ' ; hem wraig m dair bluyb
i gant o:yd, ' an old woman ninety-seven years old ' ; gwarQag ivayk
heb gzrad dmluyb o:yd, ' young cattle less than two years old ' ; kadu
i o:yd m da:, ' not to look one's age, to wear well ' ; du i ry:n o:yd
a baud 9 nrhoyd a Qippin hzna\ na nannad, said when one does not
wish to tell his age.
oydran, s.m., oedran, D., ' age ' : may hi meun b'ydran garu ag
edrax mor 8a:, *she looks very well, considering her great age';
du i wedi mynd i dippin o oydran, ( I am getting rather old '.
o:yl, s.m., oyl, C.C. 2. 26, oel 72, 21, 'oil'.
o:yn, s.m., pi. u:yn, oen, D., ' lamb ' : day o:yn eva^, ' twin lambs ' ;
o:yn lu:a&, ' a lamb brought up by hand ' ; r o:yn m dtsgy r bavod,
" teaching one's grandmother " ; Kim brssyrad a \umfon o:ynt ' as
busy as a lamb's tail '.
4io
o:yr — pa-.
oyr, adj., comp. oyrax, uyrax> oer, D. (i) 'cold ' : may n rhy:
o:yr i vynd dm bennoQ alan, ' it is too cold to go out bareheaded ' ;
daxi n xlu:at i n o:yr ?, ' do you feel it cold ? ' ; may nrhayd mor
o:yr a bfaint, 'my feet are as cold as stones' (lit. 'frogs'); may
n digon o:yr i rewi ka&od, ' it is bitterly cold '. (2) fig. dy:n, kwarvod
o:yr. (3) ' unpleasant ' (of sound) : su:n o:yr ka:s (O.H.).
, adj., oerllyd, D.G. Iv. 7; D.F. [22]. 14. (i) l chilly':
may n o oyrjyd heity'u. (2) ' cold ' (fig.) : dy:n, kwarvod oyrjyd.
(3) ' sensitive to cold '.
oyrval, s., oerfel, D., ' cold ' : winBrau = rubaB sy y kodi o oyrval,
( something caused by cold ' ; wedi ka:yl oyrval, { having caught a
chill '. As distinguished from oirni, oyrval implies some physical
effect of cold, oirni f cold ' in general.
oys, s.f., pi. oysod, oysa, oes, D. (i) 'life' : neif i ri'oyd z va:0
be:6 dn v oys, ' I never did such a thing in my life ' ; bary mi gri:o
muya n v oys, ' I never cried so much in my life ' ; mi gavod i alu
vefy am i oy:s, ' the name stuck to him for the rest of his life ' ;
bosun 9n leikjo aros hevo xi ar hy:d v oys, ' I should like to stop with
you for the rest of my life ' ; ma na dz'gon o lexi n van no am oys 9
by:d, ' there is enough slate there for as long as the world lasts '.
(2) ' age ' : er s oysa (oysod) lawar, ' for many ages ' ; may r oys
wedi mynd ?y galax, ' the age has become wiser '.
pa:, adj., pa, D., 'which?': p ry:nf = pa. un? Cf. par un,
P.G.G. 80. 7 ; pa'r un, M.LI. i. 182. 7 ; p ryn ta f = pa un ynte ?
— Frequently omitted, e. g. be:Q P be: ? — pa beth ? ; bry:d ? (also
pry:di>} — pa bryd ?—/>&:>/ is often used instead of pa:. Cf. W.B.
col. 454. 5; 456. 13. — In direct questions: pa: sgidja daxi am
wisgo heibju /, ' which boots are you going to wear to-day ? ' ; pa:
vi:s o r vluybyn ^ fy:8 merxaid m farad li:a ?, ' in which month of
the year do women talk the least ? ' ; pa: (= syt) huyl sy "arnoxi
heity'u ?, ' how are you feeling to-day ? ' ; pa: bry:d vy:8 3 vyux m
du:ad a lo: /, ' when will the cow be calving ? ' ; o b le: daxi n du:ad?,
' where do you come from ? ' ; 9m b le: / = le: ?, ' where ? ' ; p ry:n
di r gora gin /zV, 'which do you like the°best?'; p r y:n yyttob
9 bara ?, ' which of you ate the bread ? ' ; / ryn ta r fara ta r huya P,
' the shortest or the longest? ' ; p r yn ta fay ta brits?, ' heads or
tails? ' — adverbially : pa: mor vy:an daxi y Kerbad?, ' how fast do
you walk ? ' — In indirect questions : / oydun i dim dy gubodpa: adag
oyd hi, ' I didn't know what time of day it was ' ; 8ary mi Bim govyn
pabuyr—pak 411
pa: xwa.yr 'dyba\i n vebul, ' I didn't ask which sister you meant ' ;
-wydoni Mm pa: bry:d vy& hi ifo vot ' we don't know when she will
want it ' ; dim ods p ry:n, 'it doesn't matter which ' ; dim fczwar o
buys p %yxi, ' it doesn't much matter which ' ; wybun i Mm p ry:n
o:ybp ry:n, ' I didn't know which was which ' ; d un i torn p ryn la
vi: ta hi: sy wedi ka:yl gwa:y& annuyd, ' I don't know whether I or
she has the worse cold ' ; may hi y govyn p ryn la vory ta drennyb
da\i am vyndfur, ' she is asking whether it is to-morrow or the day
after to-morrow that you are going away '.
pabuyr, s.pl., sing, boyran (O.H.), pabwyr, D., 'soft rushes', used
for rush-lights (Juncus effusus) ; Kin srtad a boyran, vel boyran o
sy:B (O.H.), ' as straight as a rush ' ; — pabuyr is also used in the
singular : pabur o ty:n, ' a weak man ' (Bangor).
pabyK, s.m., pi. pabrtjon, Pabydd, O.P., ' a Roman Catholic '.
pabrtja6, s.f., pabyddiaeth, R., ' Popery, Roman Catholicism '.
pabtiol, adj., pabyddawl, O.P., ' Roman Catholic '.
padal, s.f., plpadeti, padell, D., ' pan ' : pada£fri:o, ' frying-pan ' —
also a kind of shell ; padal ol\i, ' washing-pan ' ; lorQ dan bada^
'pan loaf; padal pen glim, 'knee-cap'.
padar, s.m., pi. padera, pader, D.G. ccxvii. 20 ; W.S. [A pater
noster] ; pi. padereu, W.S. [A payre of beedes], cf. D.G. ccvii. 10.
(i) ' the Lord's Prayer' : Kin sikrad afadar. Kin wirjad afadar; —
deyd padar u6 berson, ' to teach one's grandmother ' ; os na \eyi di
dy ge:g vy:d m wel i ti deyd da badary an implied threat. (2) in pi.
' the beads of a rosary ' (but the original meaning is entirely for-
gotten) in the phrase mi geiQ o digon o amsar i gwri i badera,
' he will have plenty of time to kick his heels ' (lit. ' to tell his
beads '), I.W. (3) ' a rigmarole, a long story ' : peidju\ a gneyd
padar o hono vo, ' don't make a long story of it ' ; — may o wedi neyd
o m badar maur. (4) ' a scolding ' : kayl i badar — ka:yl i veio.
padlan, s.f., 'a mole-catcher's tool, like a trowel, but flat, for
cutting a hole to put a trap in ' : padlan dur\,padlan tur\ur (O.H.).
Cf. W.M.M., s.v. 'batal'.
padlan (?), in the exp. badlan go:\ 9 delyn \badlari\.
pa/jo, v., ymbaffio, G.O. ii. 77. 23; paffio, T.N. 236. 33, 'to
fight '. (Seldom used = kufjo.)
pat's, s.f., \>\.peif'a, pais, D., 'petticoat' (cf. D., s.v. 'inclusia');
pat's a bekkun, ' skirt and bodice ', i. e. striped skirt of homespun
(stu/) and short jacket ; gwisgo r bais a r klo:s (of a woman), ' to
wear the breeches '.
pak, s.m., pi. pakja, pac, D.G. cxlii. 33 ; pack, W.S. [A Packe] ;
pace, B.C. 101.7. C1)' pack, bundle' : pak to\an o dan i gesal; —
pak o wla:n ar i gevn; — gna: d? bakJ, ' off with you ! ' ; — also hel d?
412 pakjo — pa m
bak a fur a ti: ! (2) 'pack, swarm, etc. ' : ma: nu vel pak o wenyn
dm pigo paub. (All O.K. )
pakjo, v., packio, W.S., ' to pack'.
pal, s., palf rhwyf, D., s.v. ' palma ', ' tonsa ' : pal rhuyv, l blade
ofanoar'(O.H.). Cf.pavl.
pad, s., pal, D., ' pala, ligo ', also s.v. ' fossio ', in the exp. rha:u
bad, ' spade ', as distinguished from ' shovel '.
palad, s.m., pi. pbdra (O.H.), paladr, D. (i) ' shaft of a wheel ' :
palad olwyn melin. (2) in the exp. palad o 8y:n, l a burly man ' ;
Cf. B.C. 15. 10. O.H. defines thus : dy:n truybo, -dirwal, kry:
truybo, — dim 9n rhy: de:u. (3) in pi. 'rays of the sun': o dan
bbdra r hqyl poyQ, ' exposed to the burning sunshine '.
palas, s.m., palas, i Kings, xvi. 18; cf. D.F. [13]. 22, 'palace':
may hi wedi mynd i ufalas (E.J.), ' she has gone to her palace ' (in
a facetious sense), ' her place '. Cf. pla:s.
paldary.o \baldary :o\.
pah's, s.m., S.G. 220. 39; Ecclus. xxii. 18; M.E. palyce
P.P. [a fence of pales], ' partition, wall ' : pahs ko:yd (o goyd).
paljad, s.m., paliad, D., s.v. 'fossio'. (i) 'shovelful' (O.H.) =
rhavjad (E.J.). (2) ' depth to which one can dig with a spade ' : day
baljad rha:u = approximately ' one foot' (O.H.).
paljad, s.f., ca stroke with an oar': tyn $u:y baljad, 'pull two
strokes ' (O.H.).
palmant, s.m., pi. palmanta, palmant, D., 'a groundwork of
cobble-stones' ; — ma nu m balmant ar draus igiliS (O.H.), speaking
of a number of things (e.g. houses) close together in quantities.
palmanty, v., palmantu, D., s.v. ' lithostrotos ' ; 'to lay down a
groundwork of cobble-stones ' ; ' to cover with such a groundwork '.
palv [pavi\.
palvas, s.m., pi. palveif'a, palfais, D., ' shoulder of a quadruped '.
paly, v., palu, D. Pret. PI. 3. palson. Imperative pala; palu\,
'to dig': du i wedi paly 9 darn ma; — -paly tattus ; — paid a paly
Keluy§, ' don't concoct a lie '.
palyt v., ' to pull a stroke with an oar ' (O.H.).
pal, s., pall, D., ' cessation, failing ' : / o:s na dim pal arno vo,
' there is no end to it ', ' it is inexhaustible '.
pafy, v., pallu, D., ' to fail ' : may mwad dm paly, ' patience fails ' ;
* one loses patience ' ; — hgad, klyu, ga^y korforol dm pa{y.
pam, adv., paham, D. ; cf. pam, G.R. 81. i ; D.F. [21]. 28, 29;
[58]. 28 ; B.C. 1 1. 23, ' why ' : pam da\i y gadal lonyd i hunma ?,
1 why do you leave that fellow alone ? ' ; pam na •beidjuxi a kodif,
pan — para 413
' why not stay in bed ? ' ; vedrun i m 9 myu two, d un i Mm pam,
' I couldn't for the life of me begin, I don't know why '.
pan, ?pann, D., 'fullacia'; pann ( = ) tewychyad ar vrethyn
[A thycknyng], W.S., only in the exp. hannar pan, ' weak in the
head ', " cracked ", " not all there ".' Cf. hanner pann (in a different
sense), G.O. ii. 15.5.
panad \kupanad\.
panadan, s.f., dim. of kupanad, an affectionate name for a cup of
tea : £• he:n banadan.
panal, s.m., panel, W.S. [A pannell], ' a piece of plaited straw
placed under a pack-saddle to protect the back of the animal from
being galled ' : panal ar &evn my:! ; — ar 9 panal may strodyr : i r
strodyr 9 may day gorn : may nu m ba\y 9 Kewyl ar 9 strodyr hevo
pandy, s.m., pandy, D., ' fulling-mill '.
pannur, s.m., pannwr, D. (i) 'fuller'. (2) ' fulling-hammer ' —
(O.K.).
panny, v., pannu, D. (i) ' to full (cloth) '. (2) ' to bang, beat ' :
mi panna i di.
pant, s.m., pi. pantja, pant, D., ' a hollow ' : im boykja ag 9m
bantja, ' undulating ' ; may nu n rhoi torxan tan 9 ny:0 ag ?y gneyd
pant 9ni hi i r wy:a, ' they put a sod under the nest and make a
hollow in it for the eggs ' ; pant/a n 9 boxa, ' hollows in the cheeks ' ;
mi knokja di o bant i dalar (O.H.), ' I will beat you from pillar to
post' (cf. pant a thalar, D.F. [193]. 29); i bant 9 rhe:d 9 du:r
(prov.), ' money goes where money is ' ; o bant i bentan, ' all over
the place '.
pantjo, v., pantio, ' to cause to bulge ', e.g. of waves striking a net
fixed to poles (O.H.).
pantjog, adj., pantiog, * full of hollows ' ; may r ard 9m bantjog ag
m dolkjog ar d o:l di, i. e. dug unevenly (O.H.).
pantla, s.m., pantle, B.C. 94. 21, * a hollow'.
pa:p, s.m., Pab, D.; Pap, B.C. 19. 8, 'a Roman Catholic': also
adj., kappal pa:p = kappal papistjaid.
pappyr, s.m., pi. papyra, papir, D., ' paper ' : pappyr lu:yd, { brown
paper ' ; pappyr sidan, • tissue paper ' ; pappyr neuyd, pi. papyra
newyd, ' newspaper '.
papyro,pyro, v., 'to paper (a room)'.
pa:r, s.m., pi. para, pir, D., 'pair': pa:r o sgidja, 'a pair of
boots ' ; y:n o bo:b pa:rt ' odd ones ' ; deybar, trifart ' two pair,
three pair '.
para, v., parhau, D.; para, C.C. 147. 3. Fut. S. i.para, 2. pan,
%.pari6, periB [pery],eic. Pret. part's. PL parson. Imperf./WK/;.
414 parabl — parly s
Plup. par sun, ' to last ' : gobeiBjo na rieiQ i dim para n hi:r, ' I hope
it won't last long ' ; gobeiQjo 3 pari& i dros dolig, ' I hope it will last
over Christmas ' ; ma: n para xuBy, ' it keeps on blowing ' ; fariB
i dim, ' it won't last ' ; r o:n i n medul -faraxi dim 9n hi:r m hogyn
da:, ' I thought you wouldn't remain a good boy for long ' ; boliad
Hi: beriB dridja (prov.), ' a dog's fill lasts three days ' ; pryn he:n,
pryn eilwaiB,pryn newyd ve bery by 6 (prov.), ' buy old : buy a second
time, — buy new : it will last for ever '. (O.H. has mi beriB be:6.)
parabl, s.m., parabl, D., ( speech ' : may n efeiBjo ar i barabl, ' it
is affecting his speech ' ; koli i barabl, ' to lose one's power of
speech '.
parad, s.m., pi. p9rwydy§, pruydyb, pared, D., ' inner wall of a
house ' : may r parad wj gevn i8o vo, ' the wall forms a back for it '
(e. g. a book-case) ; may ho:yl 9 piktjur ar s parad, ' there is a mark
of the picture on the wall' ; may o m byu am 9 parad a vi:, ( he lives
next door to me '.
parad, s., pelydr, D. (Bot.), 'pyretrum', in parad 9 wal (wo:l),
' wall pellitory ' (Parietaria ramiflora).
para'f:n, s.m., ' paraffin '.
para-toi, v., paratoi, L.A. 106. 2 ; W.S. ; D.F. [159]. i ; M.LI. i.
60. 7 ; parottoi, D. Pret. S. 3. para'toft. Imperative para- to:,
para't0ux, ' to prepare ' : daxi m para'toi i vynd?
pardun, s., pardwn, L.G.C. 35 [34]; W.S.; C.C. 245. 8;
C.L.C. iv. 21.7,' pardon ' ; begjo x pardun, ' I beg your pardon '.
party, s.m., parddu, D., ' the black on vessels which have been
on the fire ' : may r te: y gry: vel tru:y& party (E.J.).
party :o, v., pardduo, D., s.v. ' denigro ' ; 'to cover with black,
to smear with soot ' : party:o i wynab. Also fig. party:o z garner jad.
parha:ol, adj., 'lasting, durable'.
parhays, adj., parhaus. D., 'continual '.
parx, s.m., parch, D., s.v. ' reuerentia ' ; ' respect ' : dayos parx,
' to show respect ' ; Qankju a po:b parx i X*> ' thank you kindly '.
parxy, v., parchu, O.P., ' to respect '.
parxys, adj., parchus, D., s.v. 'honoratus'. (i) * respectful':
farad 9m barxys; — parxys o baub, 'respectful to every one'. (2)
' respectable ' : pobol barxys.
parleif'o, v., ' to paralyse ' : may o wedi kayl i barleif'o, ' he is
paralysed ' (O.K.).
parlur, s.m., pi. parbra, parlwr, D.G. Ixxviii. 26; Ixxx. 6; D. ;
B.C. 25. 27 ; 65. 25, 'parlour'.
parly s, s.m., parlys, D., s.v. ' paralysis ' j ' paralysis ' : stro:k
3 parfys (O.H.).
parod — paub 415
parod^ adj., sup. protta, parod, D. (i) 'ready': da\i m barod
1 suppar?, 'are you ready for supper? (2) ' apt, prone': may
o m barod i daro i droyd, ' he is apt to knock his foot against
things ' ; parod i air, ' quick with his tongue '.
parsal, s.m., pi parseti, parsel, W.S. [Parcell]; G.O. ii. 220. 13,
' parcel '.
parti:o, v., partio, W.S. [Take part], ' to take sides ' (hevo), J.J.
partial, adj., partiol, W.S. [Partial], ' partial, apt to take sides '.
par B, s., parth, D., ' part ' : vasa n ba: &in i kerusun ibarB o iisbryd
o, ' I should like to have had part of his spirit ' (scriptural : cf.
2 Kings ii. 9).
pas, s.m., Eng. pass, (i) ' a lift in a vehicle '. (2) ' deception ' :
gneyd pas arno. (3) 'demand, sale': / ws na Mm pas 'arnynu =
dim mynd, dim govyn.
pa:st s.m., pjls, D., ' whooping-cough'.
pasbol, s., ' base-ball ' (Bangor).
pa:sg, s.m., Pasg, D., ' Easter ' : dyfy:n 9pa:sg, ' Easter Monday '.
pa:stt s., ' paste '.
pasta, s.f., pi. paste'iod, pastei, L.A. 37. 20; pastai, D., s.v.
'artocreas', 'minutal'; B.C. 8. 14. (i) 'pasty': pasta vala,
wniyod, etc. (2) ' a mixture of manure, lime and earth ' : troi
pasta (J.J.).
pastun, s.m., p\.past9nna, pastwn, D., ' cudgel ' : midobifo a/as/un,
1 1 struck him with a cudgel ' ; o i ben a i bastun, ' on his own
initiative ' ; krurad 3 pastun, ' rule by force ', ' mob law '.
pastsnny, v., pastynu, O.P., ' to cudgel ' : mi d9 bashnna i di.
paf'o, v., passio, D., 'to pass ' : may lawar o bobol 9m paf'o m 9
lo:n, ' many people pass in the road ' ; / o:ys na 8im le: i baf'o,
' there is no room to pass ' ; wedi pafo 9 na:u, ' over nine years
old ' ; — also trans. ' to pass ' on a road, etc. ; ' to pass ' something
at table.
patro, v., ' to trim ' : patro Kerig = trufo Kerig (O.H.).
patrum, s.m., pi. pafr9mma, patrwn, L.G.C. 500 [69] ; W.S.
[A patrone] ; patrwm, P.G.G. (Title), ' sample, pattern '.
patlan, s.f., ' patten ' ; also ' a wooden contrivance fastened to a
cart to slacken the pace when going down hill ; brake '.
patiau, s., pathew, D. (i) ' dormouse' : tosgy vel paBau (I.W.).
(2) ' a fat fellow ' (I.W.).
paub, pron., pawb, D., ' every one ' : / adi paub Sim r y:n va:6,
' every one is not the same ', * de gustibus non disputandum ' ; may
o m prtgeQy hevo paub m 'bi.-wa'hanjaO, ' he preaches in every sect
4i 6 paul — peg
without distinction ' ; KeiQ paub i voks 9n i 0.7, ' every one will get
his box back '.
paul, s.m., p\.poljon, pawl, D., ' pole ', e. g. of a carriage, between
two horses or to communicate the power to a threshing-machine.
pavms, s.pl., ' paving-stones ' : kledy pavins (O.H.).
pavl, palv, s.m., pl.pavla^alva, palf, D., ' paw ' : pavla ka:0, etc. ;
mi eis i bavla vo, ' I got into his clutches ' ; vel Igodan dan bavl 9
ga:B (fig.)> ' bound hand and foot '.
pawan, s.f., p\. pawenna, pa wen, D., ' paw ' : mi gripjob 9 ga:B vi
hevo ifawan, ' the cat scratched me ' ; (fig.) o dan i bawan, ' under
his thumb ' ; — also in facetious sense for ' hand ' : be u:ti m pinf'o
hevo da bawan y>, ' what are you pinching for ? ' ; kadu d9 bawenna
dra:u, ' keep your hands off '.
pa:yn, s.m., p\. peynod, paun, D., ' peacock ' : may nu vel peynod
0 valx, ' they are as proud as peacocks '.
«
pa:yn, s.m., peyna, ' pane ' : payn o wydyr.
pa:ynt, s.m., ' paint '.
pet p2> conj., pe, D., 'if, implying an unfulfilled condition in past
or present time, or a remote possibility in the future, e. g. ' if I had
been ', ' if I were ', ' if I should be ', — followed by the so-called
imperfect or pluperfect tenses. ' Pe bawn ', ' if I should be ',
becomes usually taun (more rarely pe faun) ; cf. the old forms ' pei
yt uewn i ', 'beyt uei', 'pet vei', etc. (Strachan, § 158), and later
' ped ' ; ' pe buaswn ' becomes tasun (rarely pe basun\ For examples
see bo:d. Other examples are : pe ta:\i (= da:xi] n troi 08 amma,
1 if you were to turn from here ' ; pe ka:ti ddfor§> xaun ito'tn, ' if you
were to get your way, I should get nothing ' ; pe 'sarQjati n 9 van ma
So:ti §im i vmy n vyuy ' if you were to fall here you would not come
up alive '.
pedol) s.f., pi. p^dola, pedol, D. (i) 'horse-shoe': gosod pedol,
* to put on a shoe ' ; buru i fadola, said of a horse rolling over with
his feet in the air • so, facetiously, of persons : mi taroft o nes o:yb
o m buru i fadola, ' I knocked him sprawling'. (2) ' a piece of iron
placed round the heel of a shoe' (O.H.).
pedwar, s. and adj., tem.pedar,pedair, pedwar, D., ' four ' : V9&a i
dim m mynd 9no bimynwad m 3 pedwar amsar, ' I don't go there
once in a blue moon '.
pedweryb, adj., fern. pedwarab, pedwerydd, D., 'fourth'.
peg, s.m., pi. pegja, ' peg ' (for hanging clothes, etc.) : peg moxyn,
' peg in a pig's snout '.
peg, s., ' peck' = pegad.
V
pegad — pe'iBin 417
pcgad, s.m., peckeid, W.S., ' peck ' = day holad baygor = 16
hbmnad (O.H.).
pegjo, v. (i) 'to peg*. (2) 'to put a peg in a pig's snout'.
(3) ' to cut a sheep deeply in shearing ' (more serious than pigo),
cf. IraQy. — Cf. Fe ddaw'r Cneifiwr, hifiwr hefyd Yna'n fywiog am
ei fywyd Gyda'i Wellau gwiwdeg allu, Pegio'r brithwyn, pigo a
brathu. C.— Cerdd yr Edau Wlan.
pttdjo, v., peidio, D. Put. peidja. Pret. S. 3. ptidjo*. PI. 3.
peidson. Imperative paid; peidjux, 'to cease, abstain . (i) used
absolutely : paid I ; peidjux t, ' don't ! ' ; du t y gweld bai am beidjo ^
' I think it is a mistake not to ' ; ma: nu n mynd os -brtanu n leikjo,
a/eidjo os na: vrtan, ' they go if they like, and they don't go if they
don't like'; mi beidiB pen vliniB, 'he will stop when he is tired';
wyba hi dim o:yb o imma ai peidjo (fitdjo], ' she did not know
whether he was here or not ' ; d un i dim tary hi ai peidjo (feidjo).
(2) with an infinitive, usually followed by the preposition a : peidjux
a x*boli (hbolt), ' don't talk nonsense ' ; peidjux a mynd ar ben 2
vaiyk, ' don't get on to the seat ' ; peidjux a Butfad (tutfad) mo vo,
' don't touch it ' ; peidjux kadu ri:at, blant, ' don't make a noise,
children ' ; wel i xi beidjo du:ad os taxi n \lu:at i n o:yrt ' you had
better not come if you feel it cold ' ; r 0:8 o n rhy: V9\an i beidjo
kweiljo, ' he was too young not to believe '.
peil, s., pl.ptt/ja, peil, W.S. [Pyle], 'pile'; esp. 'a number of
slates placed edgeways ' ',—peil hand, beil handy he:n beil (beilan) =
' a left-handed man '.
peiljo, v. (i) 'to pile'; 'to place slates edgeways'. (2) 'to
strike ' (with the fist) : mi peilja i di (O.H.).
pe'HJad, s.pl., peilliaid, D., ' bolted wheat flour ' : bara peijfad, ' a
kind of cake made on a frying-pan, muffin '.
pe't'ljo, v., peillio, D., 'to bolt ' (wheat).
pet'lfur, s.m., peilliwr, D., ' bolter ' (machine), O.H.
pc'int, s.m., pi. peintja^ pint, D., s.v. ' congius ' ; ' pint '.
v., payntio, W.S.; paentio, D. ; B.C. 14. 15; peintio,
D.F. [66]. 10, [122]. 4, etc. Cf. D.G. cxxxii. 20; ccvii. 23, 'to
paint '.
peinfjur, s.m., payntiwr, W.S. ; paentiwr, D., s.v. ' pictor ' ;
' painter '.
peipan, s.f., pi. peipja, ' pipe ' : peipan &u:r, ' drain-tile ' ; peipja
rgas, 'gas-pipes'.
pe'iQin, s., peithyn, D., in making nets, ' spool or mesh-pin '
(O.H.) — in fig. sense : may gmo vo beiQin ym mho:b dim, ' he has
a desire for everything' — often implies pilfering (O.H. ; Bangor).
i432 E e
4 1 8 pekkyn — pemlun
pekkyn, s.m., pi. pekmna, peckyn, W.S. [A fardell] ; pecyn, T.N.
128. 26 ; dim. of pak, ' bundle, packet ' : pekkyn b9xan o dan i gesaL
pexod, s.m., ^l.pexoda, pechod, D., 'sin*.
pexy, v., pechu, D., ' to sin '.
pe:l, s.f., pi. pelt, pel, D., 'ball': pe:l droyd, 'football'; Kiljo
pe:l dro.yd, ' to play football ' ; pe:l eira, ' snowball '.
pelan, s.f., pl.petenni, pelen, D., ' ball ' : pelan eira, ' snowball '.
pellan, s., ' a slap with the back of the hand or palm ' (O.H.).
Cf. Xelpan.
pel, adj., pell, D., adv. 9 mhel, dm lei. (i) of place: 'far':
9 kuppur pela, ' the further (furthest) cupboard ' ; may ara de:g m
mynd 9 mhel (prov.), 'slow and sure wins the race'; m 9 peltra,
mhel, mhel, ' far away in the distance ' ; wedi mynd i r le: pela eiQ
o, 'gone as far as it will go'; 9 mhel 9 bo:!, a mild curse. (2)
of time : ' late ' (e. g. in the season)°: na i govjo Kin z'8i hi vynd 9n
rhy: bel, ' I will remember before it gets too late ' ; pelax o.yd hyn ar
9 vluytyn, ' that was later on in the year '.
pelan, s.f., pellen, D., ' ball ' : pelan o linin, ' a ball of string ' ;
pelan o davad, ' a ball of wool '.
peltar, s.m., pellder, D., ' distance ' : 9di r tra:y& i weld am beltar
forb /*, ' is the sand to be seen for a long distance ? ', i. e. has the
tide gone down a long distance ?
peltra, s.m., pelldra, O.P., ' distance '.
pemban, adv., benben, D., s.v. 'committo'; ben ben, D.F. [193].
10, ' topsy-turvy, higgledy-piggledy, at loggerheads ' : may r ty: m
bembanylu, ' the house is topsy-turvy ' ; gdry nu m bemban, ( to set
them at loggerheads ' ; may r day 8y:n wedi mynd 9m bemban; — may
nu m bemban a i giltft.
pembaud, adj., penbawd : rha:f wedi Bmny m bembaud, 'rope of
straw or hay made by twisting round the thumb '. Cf. 'pen'baud.
pemberwi, v., penberwi. (i) ' to be confused, muddle-headed '.
(2) 'to be a faddist' = pen may ru:in wedi k9mmyd riu y:n pe:B 9n
i ben a dim oni hunnu.
pembla6,$.m.y penbleth, D., 'perplexity': meunpemblaB, 'in a fix'.
pembuigilib, pembi'gilib, adv., pen bwy gilydd, 2 Kings x. 21. (i)
'from one end to another': fomry bembuigilib. (2) 'helter-
skelter ' : mynd i laur 9m bembigilib. (3) ' at loggerheads ' : 9 buy
blaid 9n mynd 9m bembigiliS. — Cf. pm'gilib.
pembul, s., ^\. pennabsljad, penbwl, G.O. ii. 51. 33 ; B.C. 107. 30 ;
T.N. 205. 7. (i) 'dolt, idiot'. (2) ' tadpole'. (3) ' sand-martin '
(Cotile riparia).
pembun, s., ' a sack on a horse's or donkey's back between two
panniers '. Also pen pun; — 9 bottal bembun [pottal].
pen 419
pen, s.m., pi. penna, pen, D. (i) ' head ' : kammy i ben, ' to bend
one's head ' ; fy:r pen, * headache ' ; may /in i gy:r 9n 9 mhen, ' I
have a headache ' ; klu:y penna, ' mumps ' ; tori pen dy:n, ' to cut
off a man's head ' ; 'to take away a man's character ' ; tori mhen a
rhoi i mi eli, ' to do me an irreparable injury and then oner me
a slight atonement'; 'zvydoxt ' be gadwob 3 mhenni?, 'do you know
what saved my skin ? ' ; mynd i u benno, ' to°take him to task ' ; gtjy
pobol 3m ben i &il&, ' to set people at loggerheads'; paid a i d*nny.
ond9 ben, ' don't quarrel with him ' ; ' don't make an enemy of him ' ;
m tsnny r ty: am i 6en, ' turning the house upside down ' ; a i ben
m 9 gwynt, * irresponsible, harurn-scarum ' ; ar i ben i hy:n, ' by
himself ' ; penna Keimjon, term applied to Calvinistic Methodists.
(2) ' head ' (looked upon as the seat of intellect, etc.) : ma na digon
9n i benno, ' he is no fool ' ; ma na riu dry: (= x^^lan) 9n i benno,
' he is not quite " all there " ', cf. ' she has a bee in her bonnet ' ;
rhoid i ben at 3 pe:Q, ' to set to work at something in earnest ' ; rho:
d9 ben ar waiQ, ' apply your mind ' ; ' think it out ' ; / 3di mhen dim
9n sbarjo dim ar 3 nrha:yd, ' my head does not spare my feet ',
i. e. 'I keep forgetting things and have to fetch them ' ; kadu i ben,
1 to protect oneself ', ' secure one's own interests ', ' cover one's
expenses ' : gazwd o dim ond kayl a \ayl i gadu i ben, ' he only just
covered his expenses ', cf. below (4) ; berwi i ben, ' to become
excited ' ; pen me'ipan, ' blockhead ' ; he:n ben garu 3di o, may gmo
vo he:n ben, ' he is a shrewd man '. (3) * head ', in various trans-
ferred senses: klok pen davad, 'an old-fashioned clock worked by
weights ' ; pen gwniyan, a plant name, sp. ? (J. J.) ; pen neidar, red-
leg robin, herb Robert (Geranium Robertianum) = koysgo\; pen
Kettyn, ' the bowl of a pipe '. (4) implies ' mouth ' in several
phrases, e. g. kadu i ben, ' to keep one's own counsel ', ' to say
nothing ' ; cf. above (2) ; 9 bvon muya ovnaduy glu:is i o ben dy:n
3ri'o:yd, ' the most terrible oaths I ever heard in my life ' ; deydod
o dim gair o i ben uBa z, ' he did not say a single word to me ' ;
a \ettyn 3n i ben, ' with a pipe in his mouth '. (5) ' a head, each ' :
pym su:ff 9 pen, ' five shillings a head ' ; po:b pen dy:n, * every man
jack '. (6) ' top ' : pen 9 bryn, 9 da:s, 9 trosol, 9 klaub, ' top of the
hill, stack, crow-bar, hedge' ; ar ben 9 grif'a, 'at the top of the
stairs ' ; rhoi ka:s 9 fyvr pen y\a n isa, ' to put the cover of
the book upside down ' ; ma na lawar o beBa ar i benno, ' there
are many things on the top of it ' ; ty: a i ben 3no, ' a house with the
roof fallen in ' (O.H.) ; / oy:s na dim tim nafen ar i sgurs, or / o:ys
na ben (fen) na 0i:n, or / o:ys na 6i:n na fen, or / o.ys na fen na
\umfon, ' there is no head nor tail to what he says ' ; cf. heb na
6i:n nafen na \umfon nag o\or; — troi pen (in building haystacks),
' to begin to narrow (kyl'hay) the stack gradually to make it taper
to a point ' (J.J.) ; gneyd ifen (in building haystacks), ' to place
mats, etc. on the top of the stack, which is then left for some time
to allow the hay to settle down' (J.J.). (7) 'end' (of material
E e 2
420 pen
things and in some figurative uses) : pen 9 bur$, ' the end of the
table ' ; pen (?) dre:, ' the end (top) of the town ' ; pen 9 forb, ' the
end (top) of the road ' : rhoi baxgan ar ben 9for§, ' to give a young
fellow a start ' ; pen dru:s, ' doorway ' ; pen pela 9 by:d, ' the furthest
extremity of the world ' ; •/ ddynu dim ay gubod pa: ben i roid i laur,
1 they don't know whether to stand on their head or their feet ',
i. e. ' they are very lively, excited, overjoyed ' ; pen rky:8 (in slate
quarries). The face of the rock (kloguyri) where blasting is carried
on is divided into so many lengths (fad bargan). At one end the
rock is cleared of rubble; etc., so that operations can be carried
on from the side instead of from the front. This end is called pen
rhy:§. When the first length has been opened the same operation
is carried on with the second length, and so on, but in these cases
the end is called o\or ry:8 (J.J.); hence, perhaps, the expression
xe:s i dim pen rtiy:8 o gubul, ' I had no free hand ' ; — pen dra:u,
' the furthest end ' : pen dra:u by:d, ' the uttermost end of the earth ' ;
/ o:ys dim pen dra:u i beBa vel na, ' there is no end to such things ' ;
9n 9 pen dra:u, ' when all's said and done ', also ' in the long
run ' ; may r peBa wedi mynd i r pen dra:u, f things have gone
to the last pass ' ; — may hi wedi mynd i r pen arno vo, ' it's all up
with him ' ; bo:d 9n i ben (in playing marbles), ' to have as many at
the end as at the start ' = bo:d 9 mhen i bo:st, kadu i ben; mayo wedi
byky i ben, said of a running tape which has gone inside its recep-
tacle in a garment. (8) ' end ' (of time) : pen blu:y$, ' birthday ' ;
pen hmmor, 'the end of the season' (May 13, Nov. 13); du:ad
i ben = dirwin i ben, ' to come to an end ' ; also, of prophecies,
forecasts, etc., ' to come true ' : may r brofuydoljaB wedi du:ad i ben;
— pen 3 mi:s, (in slate quarries) ' the day when quarrymen send in
their accounts for the month'; — Kin pen hi:r, 'before long';
(9) mhen tridja, 'in (Fr. dans) three days ' ; (?) mhen 9\?dig, (i) mhen
sbel, ' in a short time ' ; (i) mhen hi:r a Jm:yr, at last ' ; pen (== 9
mhen) rhiu vynyd, 'in a minute or two'; t9nny atbenibedwarigjan,
' to be approaching eighty '. (9) ' beginning ', in the phrase pen d
bora (pern bora) : — 9m ben 9 bora, ' the first thing in the morning ' ;
mi do: i bem bora, ' I will come first thing in the morning ' ; bem
bora drannoB, 'the first thing next morning'. (10) preceded by
prepositions forming prepositional or adverbial locutions : (a) am
ben, ( at ' ; ' over ' : rhoi du:r am ben ru:in, ' to throw water over
some one ' ; rhoi du:r o:yr am ben 9 pe:B (fig.), ' to throw cold water
on the thing ' \ani\ ; (b) ar ben, prep. ' on the top (of) ' ; cf. (6) ;
ar ben i to'gon, ' in clover ' ; adv., ' at an end ' : may nu n mebul bo:d
9 by:d ar ben os . . ., ' they think the world is coming to an end
if . . .' ; ar (z') bent ' straight ' ; mi a:B ar i ben i r du:r, ' he made
straight for the water ' ; attab kwestjun ar i ben, ' to give a direct
answer without circumlocution ' ; (c) dros ben, prep. ' over ' : mi
neidjod 9 bavad dros ben 9 Hi:, ' the sheep jumped over the dog ' ;
(fig.) mynd dros ben ru:in, ' to get round some one ' ; adv., ' exceed-
pen — pendu[ 4 2 1
ingly ' [Vr0.r] ; (d) uB ben, ' above, over ' : uB ben r avon, ' on the
river bank ' ; (e) yu\ ben, prep. * above '.
pen, s.m., pi. pens, ' pen ', generally pen sgwenny ; pi:g pen, ' pen
nib '. Cf. pin ysgrifenu, D., s.v. ' calamus '.
pen, pe, conj., pan, D. ; cf. pen, B.C. 33. 23, ' when ' : pen may hi
n noson brarv vtl heno, ' when it is a fine night like this ' ; du i wedi
blino pe vy:b ifo imigodi, ' I am tired when I have to get up ' ; %hak
ovn mat afan b&a i pen 'vtiu\iifo vo, ' for fear I am out when you
want it'; neu\i gany pen bo:nu, 9y gneu\i>, 'you will ring when they
come, won't you ? ' ; mi da:u o pty glu:iB o ar i galon, ' he will come
when he feels inclined ' ; pen vtiun i n hogyn, ' when I was a boy ' ;
pen oybun i n magy je'ir, ' when I was rearing chickens ' ; pen
-Seydoxi 9mma 3 Iro: hnta, ' when you came here the first time ' ;
er (er s, es, as) pen, ' since ' : roifi dim klo: ar 9 dru:s es pen Visit furb
dros 9 rhinjog, ' I have not locked the door since you went away
over the threshold'; er pen may hi wedi gleyo, ' since it got light'.
— In some cases pen stands for the literary ' po ', e. %. gora pey gsnta ,
' the sooner, the better ' ; gora pen vuya, ' the more the better '.
•pen-baud, s., pen bawd, ' tit ' (Parus) — I.W. Cf. pembaud.
pendant, adj., pendant, T.N. 236. 36, 'to be depended upon,
trustworthy '.
-pen-dant, adj., pendant, G.O. ii. 156. 13, 'distinct, express,
particular ' : mi tydif i uBo vo m 'ben'dant, ' I told him expressly,
distinctly ' ; may o wedi kayl ordors 9m 'ben'dant, * he has had
express orders '.
pendervmol, adj., penderfynawl, O.P., ' determined ' : y:n pender-
vmoljaun ydt o, ' he is very determined '.
pendervzny, v., penderfynu, O.P., ' to make up one's mind, come
to a conclusion, resolve ' ; ' to decide upon ' : pendervzny rubaB.
pendeu, adj., pendew, D., s.v. ' protervus ' ; ' thick-headed, dull,
obtuse '.
pendil, s.f., ' pendulum '.
pendramunug, adv., pendramwnwgl, D., ' head-over-heels, topsy-
turvy': mi ssrBjob i laur 9m bendramunug ; — g*jy r by:d 9m
bendramunug.
pendro, s.f., pendro, D. (i) ' gid ' (disease of sheep). (2)
' giddiness ' : 9 bendro sy arna t.
pendroni, v., pendroni, O.P. (i) 'to have one's head turned ' :
may o wedi pendroni hevo r hogan na, ' that girl has turned his head '.
(2) 'to mope'. (3) 'to be muddled': pendroni hevo kuru; pen-
droni uB ben bvra.
pendryn, Penrhyn.
pendu[, adj. ; cf. pendoll, D., in the exp. gelan bendu^, ' leach '.
422 pendumpjan — penryb
pendumpjan, pendmpjan, v., pendwmpian, D., s.v. ' titubanter ' ;
' to doze, to nod the head when sleeping '.
penty, adj., penddu, D.G. clxxxii. 20. (i) 'black-haired*. (2)
' overcast ' : r 0:8 hi n by: bendy; — noson beriby.
pendy, s., pi. pennady:on, penddu, ( black-headed gull ' (Larus
rudibundus) = gwylan bendy.
•pen'8y:n, s.m., pi. pennadmod, pendduyn, D., 'boil'. Also
'pen-dy:n.
penfruyn, s., penffrwyn, D., * halter '.
penfyst, s., penffust, * head-stall '.
-pen'gwy:lt, adj., 'shock-headed, rough-haired'.
pent, s., 'penny', in phrase dimy:n baksan bent, ' not a farthing'
(O.K.).
penisal, adj., penisel, ' dejected, downcast, crestfallen '.
penjoni, panjoni, v., from Eng. opinion, ' to sulk, mope ' = stiupjo;
p9njoni ar vuyd, ne ar g0unt rubaB aral (O.H.).
penxwi:ad, s., p\.pennaxwi:ad, penhwyad, D., ' pike ' (Esox lucius).
penxwiban, adj., penchwiban, B.C. 27. 2; T.N. 464. 24, 'irreso-
lute ' ; also subst. ' irresolution ', ' light-headedness ' : may o n laun
penxiviban ; — of persons : ' an irresolute, light-headed fellow '.
penlas, adj., penlas, O.P., 'with hair of iron-grey': wedi mynd
9rn benlas ; — mefogas benlas, ' self-heal ' (Prunella vulgai is).
penluidni, s., penllwydni, D., ' greyness ' (of the hair) : may mhen
wedi mynd 9m benhiidni.
penluyd, adj., penllwyd, D., 'grey-headed' : hem u:r penluyd.
penml, s.m., pi. pem}jon, pennill, D., 'pennili'; properly 'a
stanza extempore or otherwise sung to the accompaniment of
a harp ', but now kany penif/on is often used in the sense of singing
hymns ', and pennil is used for ' verse of a hymn '.
pennod, s.f., pi. penoda, penned, D., 'chapter'.
pennog, s.m., pi. penwaig, penwag, D., and pennog, s.v. ' halec J ;
' herring ' (Clupea harengus) ; pennog ko:x, ' red herring ' ; pennog
mair^ ' pilchard ' (Clupea vulgaris).
pennoB, adj., pen-noeth, i Cor. xi. 5, ' bare-headed ' : may n rhy:
o:yr i vynd 9m bennoB alan.
penny, v., pennu, D., s.v. ' determino ' ; ' to fix, settle ' : daxiwedi
penny r adag /, ' have you settled the date ? '
penodo^pmodol, adj., penodawl, O.P., 'distinct, express, particular' :
mi Sydif i uBo vo m benodol, ' I told him expressly, distinctly ' =
'pen'dant.
adj., penrhydd, D., s.v. 'futilis', ' licentiosus '. (i) 'in-
penrhibid — pcnwyn 423
complete, unfinished ', e. g. of a law carelessly drawn up : he:ngyvraB
benryb, jak, -M.-werti. (2) ' wayward, independent ' : baxgan penryd,
m mynd o i ben a i bastun i hy:n.
penrhtiid, s., penrhyddid, ' freedom from all restraint ', ' licence ' :
ffodia m mynd ?m 'ben-ghriid, ' liberty degenerating into licence '.
pensal) s.f., pi. penslis, ' pencil ' : pensal led, ' lead pencil ' ; pensal
gorag, le\an, ' slate pencil '.
pensan, s.f., ' penny ', in such phrases as heb gadu r y:n bensan
(O.H.).
pensgavndra, s., penysgafnder, O.P., ' giddiness ' (in literal sense).
pensyx> adj., pensych, ' without welting the head ' ; (fig-) mynd
tru&i m bensyx, ' to get over something easily '.
pentan, s.m., pi. pen/ana, pentan, D., ' '.he side of the fire where
kettles, pans, etc., are placed, when taken off the fire ' ; — hence ' the
fire-side, the chimney corner ' : ayal pen forb, djaul pen pentan
\djaui\ ; krvraB y pentan, ' the law as laid down by wiseacres over
the fire-side ' ; — pentan ga:t, ^idjart, l one of the two sides of a gate
(a gate-post), or of the entrance to a pig-sty' (O.H.); pentana r
bont, bompgan, ' the abutments of a bridge ' = bttmant (O.H.).
•pen-te'iljur, s.m., ' master-tailor '.
•pen-teyly, s.m., penteulu, D., ' head of a family '.
pentra, s.m., pi. pentrevit pentrevyb, pentref, D., 'village*.
pentur, s.m., pi. pentsra, pentwrr, D., ' heap ' ; c great number ' :
pentur peQa; — -pentur o be6a gwa:g 'dirsail; — pen fur pobol; — pentur
0 &erig) Iwra ; — pentur tai, ' a cluster of houses ' ; mynd i r pentur,
1 to encroach upon one's capital '.
pentzry, v., pentyrru, D., ' to heap up, accumulate, amass ' :
pentery arjan i r y:n van.
-pen'veSal, adj., penfeddal, O.P. (i) 'weak, deficient in self-
control ' — 9y gwrando ar ssnjada 9 knaud. (2) ' soft-headed, deficient
in mind'.
'pen'vetu, adj., penfeddw, D., ' giddy ' (O.H.). Cf. -pen-zsgavn.
'pen'velan, s., y Benfelen, D. (Bot.), ' groundsel ' (Senecio vulgaris).
penvriB, adj., penfrith, ' with the head of different colours ' (of
sheep).
penwan, adj., penwan, T.N. 457. 17, 'simple-headed, weak-
minded '. Also s.m., ' simpleton '.
penwylt, adj., penwyllt, M.LI. i. 259. 20. ( i )' shock-headed '.
(2) 'hot- headed'.
penwyn, adj., penwynn, D., s.v. * canus ' ; ' white-haired ' : mynd
9m benwyn.
424 penasgavn — perfaQ
pendsgavn, adj., penysgafn, D., s.v. ' vertiginosus '. (i) ' giddy '.
Cf. 'pen'veftu ; but more often expressed by klu:ad 9 pen m ssgavn.
Cf. also meSwi. (2) ' light-headed,, crack-brained '.
peygalad, adj., pengaled, D., s.v. ' pervicax ' ; ' obstinate ' : r 0:8
hi n mebul vo:d o m beygalad — m dal alan na xlu:o&, ' she thought he
was obstinate — pretending not to hear'; — mor beygalad ag cyan
go:; — r he:n beyKi peygalad !
peygalad, s.f., y Bengaled, D., 'black knapweed* (Centaurea
nigra) ; sometimes applied also to ' ribwort plantain ' (Plantago
lanceolata) = hi:yn hidift (hidil).
peygam, adj., pengam, O.P., ' with the head on one side or in
some other unnatural position, wry-headed '.
•peygamp, adj., penigamp, D., ' splendid ; excellent ' ; may hi m
'bey gamp; — may o m -bey gamp ar 9 xwara na.
peygampjur^ s.m., 'champion, master-hand'.
peygiux (I.W.), peygiux (O.H.), s., penguwch, D., ' top of a flail '.
peyglog, s.m., pi. peygloga, penglog, D. (i) 'skull' = asgurn
pm • — also ' the head of a dead animal (pen rhiu he:n sgerbud ne
sgbva6\ a dead hen or other offal, which it was formerly the custom
to hang as a practical joke on the door-handle of people's houses on
Nos Galangaeaf (O.K.). (2) 'blockhead, booby': he:n beyglog
gwirjon.
peyglogab, adj., penglogaidd, O.P., ' thick-headed, sottish '.
peygox, adj., pengoch, T.N. 225. 9, 'red-haired'.
peygronyn, s.m., pengronyn, D., s.v. ' flos ', ' seligo ', ' summum ',
' the best grain' ; fig. : may nu ifo r peygronyn, said of people who
want the best of everything without duly exerting themselves to
obtain it ' (J.J.).
peygryXi adj., pengrych, D., ' curly-haired'.
peyKi, s.m., penci, D., ' canis marinus piscis ', and s.v. ' caniceps ' ;
' surly fellow, blockhead ' : he:n beyfti ddi r hogyn na; — he:n beyKi
peygalad; — he:n beyKi kaQral.
peyknaQ s.f., pi. peykniQ, ' pen-knife '.
pe:r, adj., per, D., ' sweet, good for eating ' : /0PX0//fe.*Tj ' sucking-
pig ' (dead : ready for eating) ; kb'ydan vala pe:r, ' apple-tree ' (as
distinguished from a crab-apple-tree).
perad, adj., peraidd, D., ' mellow, sweet ' : may bla:s perab ar yr
avol.
perfaQ, adj., perffaith, D., ' perfect ' : may hmny m berfaQ wi:r
(wirjonad), ' that is perfectly true ' ; may r pe:Q idu i wedi §eyd 3m
berfaQ wreibjol, same meaning.
perfe'iBruyd — perByn 425
perfeiBruyb, s.m., perffeithrwydd, D., s.v. * perfectio ' ; 'perfection'.
perig, s.m., pi. ppglon, perygl, D. ; cf. perigl, K.H. 51. 26;
' danger ' : ma: m berig i r mo.*x ga:l i mhgy n i fyux, ' the pigs are
in danger of getting suffocated in the drifting snow ' ; may hi m
berig, ' it is dangerous ' ; da\i n sevyl n agos i r tarn, may m berig i
Xt vynd ibo vo, l you are standing near the fire ; you will be falling
into it if you don't mind ' ; dim perig ibi teyd of, 'no fear she will
say so 1 ' ; — used adjectively : dy:n perig, pobol berig.
perl, s., pi. per la t perl, D.G. ccvii. 3 ; St. Matt. xiii. 46 ; D.,
s.v. ' margarita ' ; * pearl '.
perljo, v. (i) ' to form pearls ' (in speaking of mussels). (2) ' to
be taken ill by eating mussels ' (because it was supposed that the
person affected had swallowed a pearl) : may o wedi ka:l i berljo
(O.H.).
perlan, s.f., p\. perfrnnyt, perllan, D., 'orchard'.
pero, s.m. (properly name of a dog, Spanish ' perro '), ' a cunning
fellow' (I. W.).
persli, s.m., persli, W.S. [Percely] ; D. (Bot), ' parsley ' ;— also
corruption of ' Paisley ' : fo:l bersli, ' Paisley shawl '.
person, s.m., person, D. (i) pi. persona, ' person ' : r y: va:B vel
ta:y hi n iferson o x bla:yn \i, ' just as if she were before you in
person* (alluding to a photograph). (2) pi. personjad, ' parson ',
the usual appellation of a clergyman of the Church of England :
deyd padar uB berson, ' to teach one's grandmother'.
persondy, s.m., persondy, R., ' parsonage '.
personal, adj., personawl, D., ' personal ' : mi dri:i/igayhr hanas
gmo vo m bersonol ond mi veBif, ' I tried to get the story from him
personally but without success '.
perfo, v., persio, T.N. 128. 39; Eng. parch, 'to air, sweeten ';
when the sun shines brightly when hay is being made, it is said
may r gwair 3m perf'o ; also of clothes which have been aired before
a n're : may r dilad wedi perf'o. — (J. J.)
pert, adj., pert, D., ' pert, smart, sharp, saucy ' : he:n be:B ba:\
bertjaun 9di hi. — Opposite to swil.
pcrtruyb, s., pertrwydd, O.P., ' pertness, sauciness '.
perifan, s.f., pi. pertfis, Eng. perch, ' pole, e. g. for marking out a
building area '.
perB, s.f., pi. perBi, perth, D., ' bush ' (seldom used = (uyri) ;
eirin perBi, ' sloes ' = eirin ba:\ tagy.
perByn, v., perthyn, T.N. 114. 1 6. (i) 'to belong ': adi r sgidja
ma m perByn i x*V, 'do these boots belong to you?' (2) 'to be
related ' : may o m perByn i mi, ' he is a relation of mine '.
426 ptrQmas — pe:6
perBmas, s.m.f., pi. perBnasa, perthynas, D., ' relation, relative ' :
s perBmas nesa, ' the next of kin ' ; may o m berBmas pel i mi, ' he
is a distant relative of mine '.
pervad, s.m., pi. perveSjon, perfedd, D. (i) ' one of the bowels',
e. g. d perva§ ba:x ; — fig. ma: nu wedi ka:l t3nny i pervebjon ag wedi
mynd i r goyol (O.H.), i. e. * they have been hopelessly beaten ' ;
— pervab 9 hBral, 'the convolvulus'; pervaS ka:B, 'catgut'. (2)
* centre, heart ' : 3y yhanol pervety'on gwla:d (JJ.), * in the depths
of the country ' ; pervab 3 mo:r (O.K.), ' far out at sea ' ; pervab
klok, 'the works of a clock'; dan bervety'on, ''till far into the
night ' : ar i dra:yd dan bervety'on.
pervetiyn, s.m., perfeddyn, ' one of the bowels '.
pery(d\ v., peri, D. Pret. PI. i. person. Imperative pera; perux*
(i) 'to cause ' : may hi wedi pery lawar o bo:yn (drafarB} i mi, * it
has caused me a great deal of trouble ' ; may hmny wedi peryd i mi
XwerBin, ' that made me laugh '. (2) ' to tell ' : pera vo vrzf'o, ' tell
him to make haste ' ; pera vo beidjo mynd 3 mhel, ' tell him not to go
far ' ; perux i$o vo 8u:ad 3mma, ' tell him to come here ' ; -tasaxi m
peryd i mi dsveif'o nu, lasun i dim, ' if you told me to think of them
I could not do so '.
pesgi, v., pesgi, D., ' to fatten ' : rhaid i mi besgi vo erbyn sylgwyn,
I 1 must fatten him for Whitsuntide '. Also intransitive : ' to grow
fat ' : daxi wedi pes£i n aru.
pesux, s.m., peswch, D., * cough'.
peswyn (JJ.); pesgwyn ^ (W.H. ; O.H.), s., peiswyn, D., 'chaff'
(generally of oats) : gwely peswyn, ' chaff bed '.
petris, s.pl., sing, peirisan, f., petris, D. ; O.F. pertris, ' partridges '.
petryso, v., petruso, D., ' to be anxious ' : petryso ar o:l (ar g0unf]
rubaO.
petrystar, s.m., petrusder, D., ' anxiety ' : meun petrystar.
petty, s.m., Eng. (Dial.) petty ; ' privy '. Seldom used = ty: ba:x>
pe:B (often peB in quick speech), s.m., pi. peBa, peth, D. (i)
' thing, matter, stuff ' : peBa fansi, ' fancy articles ' ; pentur peBa
(= o be6a\ 'a heap of things' ; peBa vedra i dim gneyd f hy:n,
' things I cannot do myself ; peBa vel na, peBa vefy, ' such things,
things of that sort ' ; welis i rotfun be:B, welis i ri'o:yd 9 va:B be:B,
' I never saw such a thing ' ; pe:B ka:s jaun zdi koli rubaB vel na, ' it
is very tiresome to lose a thing like that ' : pe:B rfovad bo:d Kin li:ad
o new9$jon mo vo, * it is strange that there should be so little news in
it ' ; ma: bvra m beBa trsmjon, ' books are heavy things ' ; 9 pe:B gora
•g*noxiga:l ar 3 8eyar, * the thing you like to have best in the world ' ;
3 menyn newyd 3di r pe:B gwyn, ' the new butter is the white ' ; 3 pe:B
melyn na, 'that yellow stuff'; -pob 'pe:B (poppeG), 'everything';
pe:B a r pe:B, ' such and such a thing ' ; r y:n pe:B, ' the same
peval — pibast 427
thing ' ; 'the same to you ' (answer to a good wish) ; may hmny r
y:n pe:B a deyd . . ., ' that is the same thing as saying . . . .' ; 9 pe:6
9mma a r pe:B ara£, ' this, that, and the other ' ; hem beBa, ' old
scores ' ; afe:6 ara[ . . ., ' and, besides . . /, * and, what is more . . .' ;
0 dippin i be:B, ' gradually, little by little ' ; pe:6 vyu vy:d 'vmno\i,
' absolutely whatever you like ' ; 9 pe:6 sy arna ;', ' my debts ' ; / o.ys
dim by:d m i be:B o, ' there is nothing in what he says ' ; du i n
leikjo 9x pc:B */', ' I like (agree with) what you say ' ;— often
equivalent to Eng. relative : / o:d o dim 9$ ka.l 9 peBa lasa vo ga:yl,
1 he did not get what he ought to have got ' ; 9 pe:6 lasa vo deyd,
' what he might have said '. (2) of persons (sometimes fern, in this
sense): pe:6 klemjaun 9di o, ' he is a very nice fellow' ; he:n be:B
7//.Y70/, ' milksop ! ' ; pe:6 dlaud I pe:6 wirjon /, ' poor thing ! ' (of a
woman). (3) ' some ' (generally peB) : (e: by:d pcB 9r eiB peB (prov.),
' money goes where money is ' ; hurax na:nu try peB he'i&ju, ' perhaps
they will send some to-day ' ; 'g3mmu\i beB />, ' will you have some ? ' ;
— similarly: pe:B l>ra:s, opp. to pe:B ma:n, e.g. * lumps of coal' as
opposed to ' slack ' ; peB mudrol (o), ' a great deal, a great many ' ;
peB ovnaduy o bobol, ' a tremendous number of people ' ; pe:B 9 fop,
' that of (from) the shop ' as opposed e. g. to ' home-made '.
peval, s., Eng. bevel, ' inclination inwards ' : tippin o beval m i
o\or (of a wall), ' tapering a little '.
pevrjo, v., pefriaw, O.P. [to cast a splendour, etc.], in the phrase
may i bgaid 9m pevrjo n i benno, ' his eyes are shining brightly '.
peynas, s.f., pi. peynesa, paunes, D., ' pea-hen '. Also term of
reproach applied to a peevish, testy woman : may hi n he:n beynas
vli:n (O.K.).
pi:at v., piau, D., ' possesses '. Generally used only in the 3rd
pers. sing, present, but in the present plural i.pxan, 2. pt:a\, 3. pi:an
occur. Sometimes used with past meaning in dependent clauses.
Otherwise the other tenses are formed by prefixing to pi:a parts of
the verb ' to be'. A subjunctive appears to occur in djaul a m pi:.
The radical form or the vocalic mutation are used immediately after
the subject, but the former is the more frequent : pu:y pi:a hurt ?,
' whose is this ? ' ; 9'vi: pi:a (bio) vo, * it is mine '; fi:a ni m o vory,
na: fi:an /, ' to-morrow is not ours, is it ? ' ; fi:a m m ono vo, ' it is
not mine ' ; T oytiani n mebul mat \i-' bi:a rhei n, l we thought these
were yours ' ; wy&un i dim pu:y bi:a nrhayd i, ' I did not know who
my feet belonged to ' (i. e. because I was so tired) ; pu:y vy:b pi:a
nu /, * whose will they be ? ' ; 9 nhu: vy:bpi:a nu; — pu:y o:ftpi:a vo ? ;
— ta:u pi:a hi, ' mum's the word '.
pi:b, s.f. (i) pib, D., ' a whistle '. (2) pib, D., ' fluor ventris ' ;
' diarrhoea ' : may 9 bi:b arno vo.
pibal, s.f., pi. pibefi, pibell, D., ' tobacco-pipe ' = Xettyn.
pibast, s.f., cf. pibast, M.F., 'excrescences on the surface of the
ground made by worms ' (O.H).
428
piblid — pigo
piblyd, pibluyd, adj., piblyd, D., ' foriolus ' ; « pale ' : hem wymmad
piblyd.
pibo, v., pibo, D., ' to have diarrhoea '. — Trans, pibo sbarblis.
pif, s., piff, R. [a blast], * a surreptitious laugh ' : mi rots riu bif.
CLpuf.
pif jan, pi/jo, v., piffio, S.E., s.v. ' puff ' ; in phr. pifjan xwerQin,
1 to laugh surreptitiously ', ' to giggle '.
pi:g, s.m., pl.pi'ga, pig, D. (i) 'spike, prick, anything with a
sharp point, tip ' : piga r drain, ' thorns ' ; ar biga drain, ar biga
dy:r, (fig.) ' on thorns ' : piga r sbardyn, ( the pricks of the spur ' ;
piga fork, ' the prongs of a fork ' ; piga sy: ar 3 lamp, ' the lamp
wants trimming ' ; pi:g pen, ' pen nib ' ; pi:g 9 truyn, ' the tip of the
nose ' ; Kence, apparently, the exp. meQy rhoi i bi:g i veun, ' not to
get a look in ' ; mi rois inna 9 mhi:g i veun, ' I had my say in the
matter too '. (2) anything tapering into a point, e. g. the corner of
a field : wedi mynd 9m bi:g is said of a hayfield which is nearly
cut, when the part uncut tapers into a point ; fig. mi a:Q dm bi:g
arno vo, ' he was driven into a corner ', ' he had nothing to say '.
(3) * beak of a bird ' : mi nabun o 9m mhi:g 9 vra:n, ' I should know
him anywhere', lit. 'in the crow's beak'; hence, facetiously of
human beings, ' mouth ' : gorob o m o i bi:g wedyn (O.H.), ' he
didn't say another word '. (4) ' spout of a kettle or tea-pot '.
(5) ' Peak of a cap '. (6) ' pickaxe '.
pi&in, s.m., pi. piga, pigyn, D. (i) 'any small sharp-pointed
thing as the thorns of a bramble or gooseberry-bush ; a small
splinter of wood or sharp bit of stone such as might enter the hand ' ;
— also ' a sharp tapering piece of rock ' ; pi&in o graig (O.K.), but
piyKin is more often used in this sense. (2) as ear-marks : kly:st
bigin, tri: figin \no:d~\. ^3) ' stitch ' (pain in the side) : pigin 9n 9r
oxor> — also may gin i bigin 9n 9 nlhy.st, ' I have earache '.
pigjad, pikjad, s.m., pi. pigjada, pigiad, D., s.v. ' punctio ',
' punctum ', * punctus ' ; ' the prick of a pin, needle, thorn, etc. ' ;
' the sting caused by an adder, etc/
pigjon, s.pl., pigion, D., ' optima, selecta, excerpta ' ; ' pickings ' :
pigo r pigjon a gadal 9 Kerig seiljon.
pigluyd, adj., piglwyd, ' of a grey, ashen colour ' : may o n edrax
9m bigluydjaun.
piglyd, adj., piglyd, * stinging ', in fig. sense, of one who makes
stinging remarks ; ' testy, crusty ' : u:ti m biglydjaun / = pigog.
pigo, v., pigo, D. (i) 'to pick, choose '. (2) 'to pick', e.g.
pigo r dannaft, pigo r truyn, pigo pigin alan o r by:s ; — pigo bytta,
'to pick at one's food'. (3) 'to top-and-tail gooseberries or
currants '. (4) ' to peck '. (5) ' to prick ' (of a thorn, needle,
pigog— piljo 429
etc.); 'to prick, tickle' (of any slight irritation to the skin'.
(6) in shearing pigo devaid = ' to cut into the flesh ' (not merely
the skin). Cf. pegjo. (7) ' to sting ' (of snakes, insects, etc.). (8)
of rain : may hi m pigo 6uru, pigo gla:u, ' it is spotting rain ' ; ?di
hi m burn ? na:, de\ra pigo may hi. (9) pigo i ben tru: r dru:s,
' to pop one's head in at the door ' ; cf. braQy.
pigog* adj., pigog, D., s.v. ' aculeatus ' ; ' prickly ' : we'ir bigog,
1 barbed wire ' ; — also fig., ' testy, crusty '. CLpiglyd.
pigsovl, s.m., pigsofl, ' stubble ' (I.W.).
pigvain, adj., pigfain, D., s.v. « acuminatus ' ; ' sharp-pointed ' :
mynd 9m bigvain, ' tapering to a point '.
pikjo, v., piccio, G.O. ii. 207. i, 'to run, fly, dart' : pikjo i rula,
* to run off somewhere ' ; pikjux ar i o:l o, ' run after it '.
pikKil, s.m., pickyl, W.S. [Pyccle] ; piccil, C.C. 460. 12. (i)
' pickle ' : pikKil ha:lt, { brine . (2) ' scrape, pickle ' : du i bim am
vod an 9 pikKil na; kadu alan o r pikKil.
pikKin, s.m., pi. pihna, pikin, W.S.; Eng. piggin, 'a wooden
hooped vessel containing about a pint and a half, with a projection
(/(•/y.-j/) on each side to enable it to be used in ladling out hot
liquids ' (O.K.).
pikkus, s., only in pikkus malt, picws Mali [picwsmalu, O.P.],
' warm buttermilk mixed with oatcake crushed small '. J.J. had
likkus mali, so also M.F. ; piykus mali is also heard.
piktjur, s.m., \>\. piktjurs, pictiwr, G.O. ii. 104. 2, 'picture': may
hi m biktjur edrax arno vo, ' he is a miserable object '.
pikwarx, s.f., pi. pihueirx, pigfforch, D. ; picwarch, T.N. 299. 13,
* a (two-pronged) hay-fork '.
pi:!, s., pil, D., s.v. ' pala ' ; ' peel ' (shovel used by bakers).
pilar, s.m., pi. pileri, pleri, piler, W.B., col. 156. 27; D., s.v.
' columna'; cf. D.G. xcvii. 28, ' pillar' : pilar 3 £a:t, ' a gate-post
built of stone or brick ' ; pleri lexi, * slate palings ' ; — (in slate
quarries) a term applied to any long narrow piece of slate, and
especially to refuse pieces, roughly about four feet by six inches by
half an inch, employed for making palings ; — also a narrow strip of
slate, about two feet wide, between two joints (Kevna) ;— - pleri Kiljon
are narrower than the latter ; they are natural blocks, more or less
square at the ends, but too narrow for working, and are often
employed for making lintels for doors or windows.
pilfro; pimfro (O.H.), v., 'to pilfer': paid afimfro (O.K.).
pilin, s.m., Eng. pillion, 'ladies' saddle'.
piljo, v., eppilio, D., ' to breed, multiply ' : vejy may nu m piljo
(fish); also of weeds, etc. : piljo n toxntifyd (O.H.).
43°
piljo — piyKin
piljo, v., pilio, C.C. 456. 22, 'to peel': piljo tattus — plikjo
tattus; piljo rudan, meipan^ ku:ar\, pabuyr, etc.
piljon, s.pl., pilion kwarch, W.S. [Pyllyng of hempe] ; D., s.v.
* peripsema ' ; ' peel ', fS^. piljon pabuyr, ' the peel of rushes formerly
plaited together for various purposes '. pi:l and pilin are some-
times used for the sing.
pil, s.m., pill, D., ' a bit of song, a snatch of song' : kany pit, —
pil o ga:n, — vrta i y gneyd (i. e. sing) ambal i bil ( J. J.).
pimfro \pilf ro~\.
pin, s.f., pi. pinna, pinn, W.LI. xxi. 78 ; pi. pinneu, B.C. 14. 17,
' pin ' : rhe:s o binna, ' row of pins ' ; pigjad pin, ' pin-prick ' ; may
gmo DO bin i roid 9n nhi:n paub (O.H.), ' he has something stinging
to say to every one ' ; in sy:B bin, ' straight, in a straight line ' =
9m bin sy:6; do:s di n sy:B bin i r graig aku, ' go straight to that
rock ' ; gwadj ble:r an sy:6 bin ar i ben, ' rough hair sticking straight
up ' ; vel pin meun pappyr, ' spick and span ' ; pin dra:yn, ' a pin
made of thorn, used esp. as a kind of primitive fish-hook ' ; — also
of various articles shaped like pins, e. g. pin to fasten the tail-board
of a cart.
pinjonlyd, adj., from Eng. opinion, ' stubborn, pig-headed, ob-
stinate ' : dy:n pinjonlyd,
pinjonys, adj., opiniwnus, D.P.O. 24. 29 = pinjonlyd.
pinjun, s., pi. pinjuns, opinion, D., s.v. ' arbitratus ' ; opiniwn,
W.S.; M.LI. i. 136. 3; D.P.O. 4. 34; 'piniwn, B.C. 31. 31. (i)
' opinion ' : 9m mho:b pen ma:y pinjun, ' ymhob pen y mae piniwn ',
M.A. iii. iSpb. 12, ' quot homines tot sententiae'. (2) 'whim,
notion* : dy:n a pinjuns mo vo. (3) 'stubbornness, obstinate self-
will ' : dn laun o binjun igi:d; — may o wedi dveBa i hy:n tru: i binjun.
pinnas, s., probably from Eng. « pins ' in the sense of ' legs ' ;
O.H. has pinna. Only in the phrase kodi i binnas. (i) 'to depart
from a place' (I.W.; E.J.; J.J.; O.H.). (2) 'to kick against'
pinf'ad, s., 'a pinch': pinf'ado snifin, halan, 'a pinch of snuff, salt '.
pinf'ar, s., ' a kind of small crow-bar used by masons for moving
stones ' (J.J.).
pinfin, s., ' a pinch ' : pin/in o halan, ' a pinch of salt ' (J J.).
pinf'o, v., pinsio, T.N. 16. 3 [to steal], ' to pinch '.
piyk, adj., ' pink ' ; pink et, i. e. ' pink eye ', term applied to a
Calvinistic Methodist, also to an original old-fashioned character.
piyk, s., pine, O.P., ' finch ' =pu:mt.
piyKin, s.m., pi. pinkja, pinkyn, C.C.M. 422. 10, 'a sharp piece ' :
— apparently the same word as pigin, but generally implies some-
piykjo— pit/ 431
thing projecting, e.g. 'a projecting or pointed piece of isolated
rock ' : r o:b piyKin 9 ghanol 3 xwaral as bbmbob m o:l ( J.J.) ; — ar
biyKin 9 graig aku; — may o m biyKin, * it projects ' ; may i esgyrn i
u gweld 3m biykja tgu: r kro.yn (O.H.), ' his bones are seen pro-
jecting through the skin ' (of a very thin animal) ; mi a:6 rhiu biyKin
(= bigin) ogarag i my:s /(O.H.), ' a sharp piece of stone got into
my finger '.
piykjo, v., pingcio, D., s.v., 'nitidus'; Eng. (Dial.) pink [to deck,
adorn], ' to make oneself smart ' : may o wedi piykjo i hy:n *n aru ;
may o n mynd f rula htibju ; — be u:ti m piykjo d? hy:n tn 3 glas o hy:d ?
piyko, adj., ' dapper '.
piykus, s.m., ' pincushion ' ; piykus mali [pikkus].
pip, s., Eng. pip. (i) 'a slight ailment': ma: rhei m rhedag
•attynu (i. e. doctors) am bo:b pip (O.H.). (2) ' whim, fad ' : ma: riu
hem bip arno vo, i. e. may o wedi hmmyd rubaO m i ben (O.H.).
pirim, s.m., pi. pirims, ? Eng. pirn, (in slate quarries) a ' kind of
small iron chisel for making an incision in the slate to aid the
insertion of a ky:n braso^, a ky:n kraig, or a minjar '.
pisar, s.m., pl.ptsert\ pisser, W.B. 425. 12 ; R.B. 275. 14; Eng.
pitcher, ' can, milk-pail '.
piserad, s., pisered, T.N. 291. 28, 'a canful '.
pisin; pi/in, s.m., pi. pifa, 'piece': pisin o vara menyn, 'a
piece of bread and butter ; — pisin o graig ; — pisin fair, xzve-'X, l a
threepenny, sixpenny piece '.
piso, v., piso, D., ' to make water '.
pis/if, s.m., pi. pished, pistyll, D., * a gush of water '. Also =
vets, q.v.
pisii'lfo, v., pistyllio, D., ' to gush out, to sprout forth '.
pit, s., ' pit ', in/// kljogod, ' cock-pit '. Cf. T.N. 106. 2.
///, s., ' bit ' (for horses).
pitjo, v., ' to pity ' ; ' to say///// '.
pi'tru:, according to J.J. a call formerly used when a horse and
an ox were ploughing together, to make the ox move faster. It
seems, however, to be the same word as ptru: (tprue O.P.), ' a call
to cows ' [ptru:\.
/////, s.m., ' pity ' : may m bitti gin i dros 9 bobol, ' I pity the
people ' ; ///// (garu) /, ' what a pity ! ', but often used in a much
stronger sense than the English expression ; ///// bo:t i mor demy^
' it is a pity it is so hazy ' ; ///// garu na 'vasa\i n smokjo /, ' what
a pity it is you don't smoke ! *.
pit/, s., ' pitch ' : dy: biff, ' as black as pitch ', ' pitch dark '.
432 pitf— plank
pitf, *$., 'bitch'. Cf.ga:sf.
piujad, piujaid, s.pl, sing, piujedyn ; ? cf. bywyon, L.A. 10. 24,
' gnats '. piujad is the epithet applied to the inhabitants of
Dwygyfylchi ; cf. s.v. leidar. Also term of reproach : may nu y
galu he:n bobol 9m biujad (O.H.).
piuk, s.m., Eng. puke, ' emetic ' : pam na 'gzmmuxt biuk ? — Also
fig. wedi ka:l piuk ovnaduy, ' fallen into disgrace ' (I.W.) — in this
case perhaps from Eng. ' rebuke '.
piu'ro:, s., Eng. bureau, in phr. vel piu-ro: meun parlur, ' (as neat)
as a bureau in a parlour ', ' in apple-pie order '.
pius, adj., ' puce, heliotrope '.
piwis, pju:is, adj., Eng. peevish ; ' touchy ' : hem soppan bju:is.
pjodan \bjogan\.
pladirjo, v., pladuraw, O.P., ' to mow with a scythe '.
pladras, s.f., pladres, O.P. [a showy woman] ; S.E., s.v. ' flaunting ',
— apparently for paladres, ' a big, fine-looking woman ' : pladras o
fanas gbvar ; pladras o wraig nobl (O.H.). Cf. palad.
pladyr, pljadyr, s.f., pi. pladirja, pladur, D., * scythe ' : koys,
troyd pladyr, ' handle of a scythe ' ; lavn pladyr, ' blade of a scythe '.
Cf. also amgorn, arvod, gwana, durn tsa, durn y\a, gjalam heyarn
=fru:yn, kar.
pladyrur, s.m., pladurwr, D., ' mower '.
pla:g, s., plag, C.C. 99. 21; plag, T.N. 97. 33, 'plague':
•vrianu dim ond pla:g i xi, ' they will only be a plague to you ' ; —
pla:g ar da galon di!,pla:g ar i pervab nul, imprecations.
plag 'jo •, v., plagio, C.C.M. 214. i, Eng. plague, 'to tease, pester'.
plagys, adj., ' troublesome' : ma: r plentyn 9m blagys jaun.
plaid, s.f., ^.pleidja, plaid, D., ' a party ' (of adherents to a cause) :
o blaid i vraud, * of the party, on the side, of his brother '.
plan, s.m., pi. planja, ' plan ' (in all senses).
planjo, v., ' to plan '.
planny, v., plannu, D., ' to plant '.
plant, s.pl., sing. plentyn, m., plant, D., 'children': u:y& o blant
o r wraig g9nta, l eight children by the first wife ' ; plentyn am&vad,
f orphan ' ; plentyn fauns, ' illegitimate child ' ; rhoidmoy&a iblentyn;
anduyo, dveBa plentyn, ( to spoil a child ' ; plentyn dreydys, ' mis-
chievous child ' ; ynwaQ m 8y:n, duywaQ 9m bkntyn, said of some
one in his dotage or second childhood.
planta, v., planta, D., ' to beget children ' : may rhei n a rhei n 9m
planta n aru.
playk, s.m., p].playfy'a, plangc, D.G. ccv. 42 ; D., 'plank''.
playkad — pie sar 433
plagkad, s.f., p\. play&di, ' blanket '.
pla:s, s.m., pi. plasa, plas, D., ' palace, mansion ', " gentleman's
house " ; pla:s *r esgob, ( the bishop's palace '.
plastar, s.m., plastr, D.G. ccv. 54 ; D., ' plaster ' : plastarmustart,
' mustard plaster '.
plastro, v., ' to plaster ' : wedi plas/ro r stori > mho:b man, ' having
spread the story everywhere '.
plastrur, s.m., ' plasterer '.
pla:t, s.m., pi. platja, plat, W.S. [Plate], ' plate '.
platjad, s., ' a plateful '.
playn, s.m., p\.plemja, ' plane ' (tool). Cf. W.LI. (Voc.) canwyr,
' plaen joiner '.
playn, adj., plaen, C.C. 21. 30, 'plain': farad zm bla:yn, 'to
speak plainly, without mincing matters ' ; dy:n playn, ' outspoken
man '.
pledjo, v., pledo, C.C. 451. 17, 'to plead '.
pledjur, s.m., ' pleader '.
pledy, v., ' to pelt ; to throw ' : pltdy 3 nai[ 3 lag ag (hevo) eira,
Kerig ; pledy eira, Kerig, etc.
pleidjo, v., pleidio, D., ' to take sides with ; abet ' : paid a i bltidjo
vo n i dru:g.
pleidjol, adj., pleidiol, D., s.v. ' partiarius ' ; ' taking sides (with),
well-affected ' : ym bleidjol i ne:b ond i blaid i hy:n. — Also 'biassed '.
pleidjur, s.m., pleidiwr, O.P., ' one who takes sides ' with a person,
a party, etc.
pletnjo, v., ' to plane '.
plerjad, s.m., pi. plerjada (in slate quarries), ' pillaring : a kind of
natural grain in slate, by which it can be divided, sometimes running
parallel with the joints (Kevna), which is best, but generally more or
less obliquely ' \—ho:U 2 plerjad is also used for ' grain ' in stone.
plery, v. (in slate quarries), ' to pillar ', i. e. ' to divide into two
parts with a hammer and chisel a block (ply:g) which has already
been split to a certain thickness, and across the end (pen) of which
a groove (foys) has been first cut with a hammer and gouge
(k0udgan\ The operation can also be performed with a plug
where there is a sparry foot-joint (tro.yd gla:s) in the rock, or when
there is no easily-worked end \sgolpjo\'
plesar, s.m., pl.plesera, pleser, M.LI. i. 169. 20; B.C. 12. i, 31,
1 pleasure ' : gid a flesar, ' with pleasure ' ; gwciQjo ud i blesar, ' to
work when one pleases, at ease, or leisure '.
1433 F f
434 phserys —plug
pleserys, adj., pleserus, ' pleasant, pleasure-giving ' : may m bleserys
gin i x kwarvod \i bo:b amsar, ' it is always a pleasure for me to
meet you '.
ple/'o, v., plesio, W.S., ' to please ' : du i n anod 9 mlhef'o, ' I am
difficult to please ' ; fo:n plefo paub, ' one who tries° to please all
parties '.
ple:tt s.f., ' pleat, tuck '.
pletjo, v., pletio, W.S. [Pleate] ; T.N. 4. 23, « to fold, to pleat' :
pletjo i xe-'g> i gwelva, ' to purse up her lips '.
plettan, s.f., ' pleat, tuck * : eforo blettan ar da 6ais, may hi n rhy:
lays gin ti (O.K.).
ple:6, s.f., pleth, D., f a plaiting, interfolding, interweaving ' : rhoi
9 nylo 2 mlhe:6, ' to fold my hands ' ; dal i vreixja (dylo) ym ble:6 (9
mlhe:G), 'to fold the arms, hands'; mutro klai rhuy 9 ble:6 (O.H.),
°to knead clay and work it into the wattle ' (in thatching).
pleQan, s.f., plethen, ' a thickness of cord, etc. ' : du:y bleBan o eda
i osodboitum, 'double thread to put a button on' (O.H.).
piety, v., plethu, D., ' to plait ' : pleQy gwadt.
plevjan, plevjo, v^ ? Eng. play ; ' to make merry ' : xwerOw a
plevjo (Jlevjo] ; may o mplevjan 9m bra:v.
plikjo, v., pliccio, Neh4 xiii. 25. (i) i to peel': plikjo tattus,
avol ; plikjo 9 kru:yn fur. (2) 'to pluck ' : plikjo ja:r, ' to pluck
a fowr'(I.W.). ° Cf.ply:o.
pli:sg, s.pl., sing, plisgin, blisg and plisg, D., ' shells, skins, etc. ',
i. e. outer coverings of various objects : plisgin u:y, ' egg-shell ',
p\.pli:sg wy:a; — plisgin tattan (fosari), ' potato-skin ' ; plisgin njonyn,
1 onion-skin ' ; plisgin kneyanj ' nut-shell ' ; plisgin ar bgad,
1 cataract '.
plisgan, s.f., plisgen. (i) 'outer covering', e.g. of grain (J.J. ;
O.H.). (2) ' thin layer ' : plisgan o re:u, eira, varig (O.H.).
plismon, plisman, s.m., pi. plismin, l policeman '.
pli:Q, s., plith, D. : 9n ipli:6, ' amongst them ' ; 9 mlhi:B, ' among '.
plokkyn, blokkyn, s.m., pi. plokja, blokja, ploccyn, C.C. 470. 18 :
plokkyn ti:n (in slate quarries), ' the place where the quarryman sits
in a shed (gwal) while splitting kbtja into sglodjon.
ploryn,pljoryn, s.m., pi ptorod, ploryn and piloryn, R., 'pimple*.
plug, s.m., ' plug ' : (in slate quarries) ' a kind of iron wedge in-
serted in a block to divide it ' (cf. plery) ; a hole is previously made
through the block into which the plug is placed, with two or three
pieces of iron (adenyd plug, dail plug) at the sides, and driven in
with a mallet ; — Eng. 'plug and feather '. Also in other senses of
the English word.
435
pluk, s.m., pi. pbkja, Eng. pluck, (i) ' a sudden pull, jerk ' : mi
ro: i bluk ibo (md) vo, l I'll give it a jerk ' ; rot's i bluk m nhi:n i go:to,
'I pulled the bottom of his coat'. (2) ' a throb': °pluk o wcyu
(O.H.). (3) 'a good piece, spell ' : may na bluk o fork e//o, * it is
a good long way still ' ; mi auni am bluk etto, ' we'll go for another
spell '.
pluk, s., Eng. pluck [heart, liver, and lights ; courage], (i) na: i
arcs 9mma nes by:b hi wedi \u6y i fluk, ' I'll stop here till the wind
lias had its blow out ' ; but O.H. has mi rosoto o Ian \u6ob o i bluk
alan, ' he stopped until he had shot his bolt ', i. e. ' done his best,
but ineffectually '. [Perhaps these phrases belong to the preceding
word.] (2) ' pluck, courage ' : dim pluk o gubul.
plum, s.m., plwm, D. (i) ' lead '. (2) ' plumb ' ; cf. plwm saer,
D., s.v. ' libella'; st)[an blum, 'plumb rule'; — hence a{an o Hum,
dros i blum, ' projecting ' ; tan i blum, ' short of the perpendicular ' ;
y:n garag o dan blum a r M dros blum (in building a wall) ; —
adverbially, ' plumb, perpendicularly ' : tair ga:6 blum 9nyu\ i vmy,
4 three yards perpendicularly above ' ; du:r 9n dis&in 9m blum ; — dal
yr orb 9m blum, * to hold the mallet so that the blows fall straight,
perpendicularly '. (3) * dive ' : mvedru\i roi plum ?, ' can you dive ? '
plumjo \J>bmjo~\.
plump, adj., Eng. plump, in phr. plump a plj:yn, ' blunt, plain-
spoken'; dy:n plump apla:yn; — mi tydifi uQo vo in blump ag am
bla:yn.
plu:y, s.m., pi. pluivi, pluyvyb, plwyf, D., ' parish '.
ply:, s.pl., sing. ply:an, f., plu, D., ' feathers ' : ja:r a i fly: ?y
kodi n xwMigt ' a hen with its feathers turned the wrong way ' ;
a iben m ibly:, ' in the dumps ', ' of a woe-begone appearance ' ; may
no TO if'o ka:yl ply:an m i gap, 'he wants to get a feather in his
cap ' ; ply:an i x gu:r ydi o, ' it is a feather in your husband's cap ' ;
ma:n bly:, ' down '. (2) ' large feathery flakes of snow ' : bur -u ply:.
(3) ' flies ' (for fishing).
ply:g, s.m., pi. pbgjon, plyg, D. (i) 'a bending, folding': dy:n
an i bly:g, dmjon m i pbgjon, ' bending down '. (2) ' a fold, layer ',
e. g. ' a layer of hay laid over the whole of the surface in building
a haystack ' (J.J.), cf. kurs, lanu ;—ply:g o we:!/ o dan 9 Kefyl ; —
ply:g o va:u, ' a coaling of mud ' ; ply:g o cira, o re:u, ' a coating of
snow, of ice ' ; pbgjon o dt'Iad, ' (so many) thicknesses of clothes ' :
may &in i day bly:g o bijad am 9 nho'ysa ; — (in slate quarries) ' a
block brought down by blasting ' ',—ply:g ar bly:g, ' fold upon fold ',
1 layer upon layer ', applied e. g. to the formation of the leaves of a
cabbage or to the freezing of water on an icicle, gradually thicken-
ing it ; — also vesyl pty:g : r 0:8 kroyn 9 dyxi 9n du:ad i fur vesyl
ply:g vel pappy r.
Ff 2
436 ply:o—po:b
ply:o, v., pluo, D. (i) ' to pluck ' : ply:oja:r. (2) fig. ' to fleece '.
(3) ' to snow in large feathery flakes' : may m ply:o eira maur.
pbgan, s.m., pylgain, plygain, D. ; cf. plygein, L.A. 98. 22;
plygain, I.G. 540 [15], ' a service held early on Christmas morning '.
pbgjad, s.m., \>\. pbgjada, plygiad, D., s.v. ' flexio ' ; ' fold ' : tmny
r pbgjada o ru&ad, * to take the folds out of something ', e. g. a dress.
p!9gy> v>» Ptygu> D., <to bend, fold' : pbgy i ben, 'to bend his
head ' ; pbgy n do/an, ' to bend into a link ' ; pbgy kansan, ' to bend
a cane ' ; pbgy dilad, ' to fold clothes ' ; os naflzgi ir bri:g by:§rhaid
i ti bbgy i r bo:n \bo:ri\.
pbkjo, v., plyckio, tyny, W.S. [Plucke]. (i) ' to jerk, pull suddenly,
pluck '. (2) ' to shoot, throb ' (of pain) : daint 9m pbkjo ; gweyu
9m pbkjo naint. (In the latter sense sometimes pbg/o.)
pbmjOy v., plymio, D., s.v. ' bolis ', ' contor '. (i) 'to plumb'
(also plumjo, O.H.). (2) ' to dive '. (3) ' to hammer in ' (fig.) :
may o m pbmjo (= dobfo) kdm'ra:ig 9m mho:b man (E.J.).
pbmman, s.f., plymmen, D., ' vas plumbeum, massa plumbi ' :
may r ]yn dm bbmman o rc:u, may r lyn wedi rhewi m bbmman,
' the lake is one solid mass of ice '.
pbmpjo, v., ' to grow fat' ; ' to rise ' (of loaves).
pbndro, v., ' to strike, pound, pommel, pelt ' : bu:% gavr m tolkjo
ag dm pbndro (O.H.) ; pbndro vo ag wy:a dreulyd a xerig a fon
(O.H.). •
pnaun, s.m., pi. ptuninja, prydnhawn, D., s.v. ' pomeridianus ' ;
prynhawn, W.B., col. 70. 21; pyrnawn, G.C. 134. 2, 'afternoon':
pnaun da:, ' good afternoon '.
pnelm, pme/m, s., p\.fom7o8, penelin, D., 'elbow': ledy i banilob,
' to stick out one's elbows ' ; mi drawis 9 mnhelin nes may mrayx
wedi k9/jo> 1 1 have knocked my funny-bone ' ; ne:s pnelin na
gar§u(r}n (prov.), ' blood is thicker than water ' ; (fig.) may pnelin
m 9 g9vraQ, ' there are means of evading the law '.
pnenmyd ; pn0unvuyd (O.H.), s.m., prydnawnfwyd, D., s.v. 'ante-
caenium ' ; pyrnhawnfwyd, s.v. ' merenda ' ; 'a meal taken out of
doors on farms, etc., between four and five, before tea came into
common use '.
po:b, adj., pob, D., ' every ' : po:b y:n, ' every one, each, both ' ;
po:b man (sometimes pobman), ' everywhere ' : r o.yd po:b man 9n
wyn o varig, ' everything was white with hoarfrost ' ; \werBin dros
bo:b man, ' to laugh loud ' ; po:b pe:B (also poppeti), ( everything ' :
may po:b pe:6 drosoft, ' all is over ' ; po:b dim, ' everything J ; po:b
tippin, ' every scrap ' ; klu:adpo:b smik, ' to hear the slightest sound ' ;
bo:b amsar, ' always ' ; bo:b 9n ail, ' alternately ' ; bo:b dy:b, ' every
day ' (adverbial) ; mi a:nu alan ar bo:b t0wy§, ' they go out in all
pobi — poliparat 437
weathers ' ; /orb bo:st bo:b kam, ' a high road all the way ' ; n o:l po:b
tebig, 'in all probability '; n o:l po\b golug, ' to all appearances '.
pobi, v., pobi, D. Pret. PI. -$.pobson. Imperative poba. (i) 'to
bake' [as distinguished from krasy,pobi denotes the whole operation
of making bread, krasy denotes the act of baking it in the oven I.
(2) 'to wallop ' : mi pobob o.
pobjad, s.m., pobiad, O.P., ' a baking' : dvcQa pobjad o days.
poblog, adj., poblog, D., ' populous '.
poblogab, adj., poblogaidd, O.P. (i) ' popular ' : pr?ge6ur poblogab.
(2) * populous ' : r o:& abar m vu:y poblogab na fanvar prjt tonny,
4 Aber was more populous than Llanfairfechan then '.
pobman, s.m., pobman, sometimes for po:b man \po:b\
pobol, s.f., pi. poblob, pobi, D., * people '. [A succeeding adjective
always takes the vocalic mutation and sometimes the sign of the
plural as well. The word in this sense is always treated as a plural
noun, poblob having the sense of ' peoples' — with the article always
3 boblob], he:n bobol, ' old people ' ; pobol ivayk, ' young people ' ;
pobol meun maint, pobol 9n i mhaint, * grown-up people ' ; pobol meun
o:yd, ' elderly people ' ; pobol vaur, " gentry " ; pobol la:x, ' little
people ', ' common people ' ; pobol eri^ ' other people ' ; pobol beiff on,
1 blind people ' ; pobol hbjon, ' soakers ' ; day o bobol, ' two people ' ;
may pobol m deyd, 'people say ' ; — as exclamation : bobolf, bobol
annul/, bobol ba:\ /, ' good gracious ! '
pobrag, s.f., pobwraig, O.P., ' a female baker ', ' a woman who
bakes ' : pobrag da:jaun zdi hi, ' she bakes well '.
pb'ini, v., poeni, D. (i) Trans. ' to trouble, disturb, worry, annoy ' :
ma na rubad 3m point paub, ' every one has his worries ' ; rhag i mi
X point \iy ' so that I shan't disturb you ' ; adi hi n 9x point \ifarad
hmmra:ig />, ' do you mind speaking Welsh ? ' ; du i m pb'ini V9 mebul
ag 9n meBy gneyd dim by:d i plef'o nu, ( I rack my brains to please
them and cannot'. (2) Intr. 'to worry, to be depressed, to have
something on one's mind '.
pbiri, v., poeri, D., ' to spit ' : poyra vo alan, ' spit it out ' ; pb'iri r
go:g, ' cuckoo-spittle '. Cf. D., s.v. ' pytisma '.
poiBi, v., poethi, D., * to heat ; become hot '.
poftedy, v., poccedu, G.O. i. 105. 33. (i) 'to pocket'. (2) 'to
pilfer '.
pokkad, s.f., pi. poKedi, pocced, C.L.C. iv. 20, 5. (i) 'pocket ' :
haykas pokkad (bokkad), ' pocket handkerchief ; pokkad pat's, ' a
pocket underneath the skirt '. (2) ' a good haul ' : mi na:B bokkad
ido vo i hy:n.
polas, s.f., ^\.poksod, eboles, D., 'a female colt'.
poliparat, s., pi. poliparatf, poliparats, paret, D., s.v. ' psittacus ' ;
' parrot '.
438
polyn — pori
polyn, s.m., pLpol/on, polyn, 'pole': polyn lein, 'clothes pole';
by ky polyn, 'to swallow a poker, to be stiff'.
pompran, s.f. = pont bren, ' a bridge formed of a single plank,
foot-bridge '. Also pompran bren.
ponf, s., ' rubbish, humbug ' : he:n bonf! (seldom used).
ponfo, v. (i) ' to bother, to go to unnecessary trouble, to " mess
about " (with) ' : peidjux a ponfo hevo vo, ' don't bother with it ' ; —
daw wediponfo digon am hunna. (2) 'to bungle; to work in a
slovenly, careless manner ; to muddle ' : be u:ti wediponfo vel hyn .J
nid vel hyn bydif i. (3) ' to talk nonsense, to talk needlessly about
something of which one knows nothing ' ; d^mma vi n farad ag sm
ponf'o. (4) ' to pitch a yarn ' = deyd kluyfta.
ponfur, s.m., ' bungler ' ; ' foolish talker '.
pont, s.f., pi. pontyb, pont, D., ' bridge ' : pont 2 borB, ' Menai
Bridge ' ; mynd dros(f) d bonf, ' to cross the bridge ' ; pen 9 bont,
' the end of the bridge ' ; devaid tru: r bont, a children's game
equivalent to " oranges and lemons ".
pontjo, v., pontiaw, O.P., ' to bridge ' : pontjo dros wagla (O.H.).
poyk, s.f., \>\. poykja, pone, O.P., Eng. bank, (in quarries) ' gallery '.
poykan, s.f., pi. poykja, poncen, O.P., 'hillock, knoll'; 'rising
ground': ar ben 9 boykan; — fo:ys a foykan, 'a stream and the
corresponding rise in the ground after crossing it '.
poykjo, v., ponciaw, O.P., 'to bulge', e.g. of well-filled pockets.
poykjog, adj., ponciog, ' rough ' (of ground), ' abounding in
hillocks '.
poykoy s., cf. ponka, W.LI. (Voc.), s.v. ' bara miod ' ; ' flour mixed
with lard or bacon fat and then fried, sometimes eaten with bacon '.
poykyn, s.m., pi. poykja, poncyn, O.P., ' a hillock, knoll*.
poplys, s., sing, and pi., poplysen, D., s.v. ' populus ' ; ' poplar
tree ' : koydan, ko:yd poplys.
poplys, s.pl., ' poppies ' (J.J.).
poppa; poppo (Bangor), s.m., cf. Eng. (Dial.) baba, bobaw, ' a
childish word for a hurt ' : kysan boppa, ' a sore on the lips ' (else-
where called ' cusan bwbach'. Cf. 'Cymru', Oct. 15, 1906,
p. 195).
popped, s.m., pobpeth, ' everything ', more commonly po:b pe:d
-
popty, s.m., pl.pop'tai, pobty, D. (i) ' bakehouse '. (2) * oven '.
popty, s., o bobtu, D., s.v. ' undique ' ; ' every side, each side ' :
y:n o bopty, ' one on each side ' ; o bopiy r forb, ' on each side of
ihe road '.
pori, v., pori, D. (i) 'to graze': davod 9m pori; — ti:r pori,
porkyn — postjo 439
'grazing land '. (2) * to pasture ' : haul port devoid a Qori maun,
' the right of pasturing sheep and cutting peat '.
porkyn, s.m., ' a small porker ' : farad porkyn sad, 'to talk at
cross purposes ' (Bangor).
por\al s.m., pi. penty^ porchell, D., ' young pig'.
porQ, s.f., porth, D., ' port ' (only in place-names) : 3 borB,
' Porthaethwy, Menai Bridge ' (the place) ; fair 9 borB, * Menai
Bridge fair ' ; pont 9 borB, ' Menai Bridge ' (the bridge itself).
porBi\ v., porthi, D., ' to feed, tend ' : porQi anivtiljad, ' to feed and
look after animals'; porBi r gwasanaB, ' to make pious ejaculations
at a religious gathering '—porQi by itself is also used in this sense.
porBmon, s.m., pi. porQmyn, porthman, W.B., col. 431. 3; porth-
mon, R.B. 279. 27 ; D.G. Ixxxi. 23, cxcvii. 22; D. ; pi. porthmyn,
B.C. 19. 17, ' cattle-dealer who drove his cattle from place to place ',
' drover '.
porBmonna, v., 'to exercise the above calling '.
porva, s.f., pi. porveyb, porfa, D., ' pasture ' : porva aru, ' rough
pasture land ' , newid i borva, said of people who move from one
place to another.
porvedog, adj., porfedog, ' pasture ' : ti:r porvedog.
posal, s.m., possel, W,S. [A posset] ; W.LI. (Voc.), s.v. ' ffacced ' ;
' posset ' : posal la:yB, ' hot buttermilk and water ' ; posal day lay 6
(= deylaB] made by heating milk and pouring it into cold butter-
milk in a basin (cf. G.O. ii. 58. 28); posal du:ry ' hot water poured
into cold buttermilk ' ; posal tn':og, ' hot buttermilk with a spoon-
ful of treacle added used as a remedy for colds '.
posib, adj., possibl, G.R. 5. 12; St. Matt. ix. 26; possib, C.C.
103. 1 6, 'possible' : may m bosib i ni rieyd o, ' it is possible for us
to do it '. In negative sentences posib is used as a substantive :
/ o:ys dim posib i ni neyd o, ' we cannot possibly do it '. (Cf. the use
of rhaid.)
po:st, s.m., pi. py:st, post, D.G. cxxi. 32 ; post, D., pi. pyst,
W.B., col. 54. 9. (i) 'post' (of wood, etc.): po:st dru:s, 'door-
post ' ; po:st &a:t, ' gate-post ' (of wood or a single stone, cf. pilar) ;
taro r po:st ga:yl i r parad glu:ad, ' to give a hint by speaking to
some one else ' ; du i wedi bo:d m van ma tru r dy:b a mhen u6 3
po:st, 1 1 have been here all alone all day '. (2) * post, post-office ' :
/br8 bo:st, lo:n bo:st, ^\.fyr§py:st, * post road', ' high road ' ; tru: r
po:st, ' by post '. (3) in \>\.py:st hayl, ' sun-rays seen in the distance
falling from behind clouds'. (4) in slate quarries, 'post', i.e.
' a granite bed running through the slate, which it does not pay to
remove '.
O) v., ' to post ' : postjo fyfyr.
440 pot — p0uld
pot, s.m., pi. potja, pot, W.S. ; G.R. 91.16; M.LI. i. 179. 12 ;
B.C. 24. 25, ' pot ' : pot flu:ar, ' flower-pot ' ; pot la:y& kadu, ' vessel
for keeping milk for making butter ' ; mynd i r pot, " to go to pot",
4i to kick the bucket ".
potelad, s.f., pi. poteleidja, potelaid, ' bottleful '.
potjO) v.} pottio, G.O. ii. 77. 13, 'to drink, to tipple'.
potjur, s.m. (i) ' seller of pots, ragman ' : m da: zdim ondivynd
i r potjur, (2) ' tippler '.
pots> potf, s.m., Eng. botch, ' a bad piece of work ' : gneyd riu ht:n
lots givirjon o waiQ.
po:tf, s., a children's game, a kind of ' hopscotch '.
potfan, v., ' to mess about ' : pot/an zn 3 ba:u (O.H.).
pot/an, s.f., ' a little bungler' (said of a girl) (O.H.).
pot/o, v., < to poach ', both of eggs and game. Alsopo:/fo (Bangor).
potfo i v., ' to botch, make a mess of, muddle, work badly* : ma
nu wedi potfo r davab ag wedi drssy nu, ' they have been messing
about with the wool, and have got it entangled '. Also potfo falvyti,
' to pitch a yarn ' ; potfo farad. Cf. ponf'o.
pottal, s.f., pi. poteli, pottel, L.G.C. 255 [36] ; W.S [A bottell],
" bottle J : gudu, asguyb pottal> * neck, shoulder of a bottle '.
pottal, s.f., Eng. bottle, 'bundle' (of straw, etc.) : pottal o we:lt.—
/air pottal =pun my:-l, i. e. one on each side and one in the middle.
The name of the latter is pottal bembun (O.H.). Cf. also saxlan.
pottan, s., potten, D., i stomach ' (facetiously) : mi ro: i 3 nrhoyd
in ds bottan di (O.H., who says he has heard the word used°by old
people).
pottos > s.m., potaes, W.S. [Pottage] ; potes, T.N. 12. 36, ' broth ' :
pottos Ki:g> ' meat broth ' ; pottos la:yQ —pottas gwyn, ' oatmeal and
buttermilk boiled together, bread also being sometimes added ' ;
pottas wedi ail dummo, used fig. of a woman who marries a second
time (J.J.) ; vel hibig i bottas, ' suddenly, unexpectedly ' ; lol bottas /,
4 rubbish 1 ' ; gneyd pottas o y:n a %i:g o r lal, ' to show favouritism ' ;
pen vy:8 hi m buru pottas s gin i dim pikKin i dalo, ' when luck
comes my way I cannot turn it to advantage* (Bangor).
pvudro, v., powdro, T.N., 261. 26, 'to powder': p0udro 3 tul,
1 to put powder into the boring ' (for blasting).
pmidur, s.m., powdyr, W.S. [Poudre], powdr, D., s.v. ' salnitrum ' ;
' powder ' : pmidur gun, l gunpowder ' ; mi gna: i di m b0udur ylu,
' I'll grind you to powder ' ; mynd 3m beudur ylu, ' to fly into a rage '
(O.H.).
pjulan, s.f., pi. f0ulja, ' bowl, basin ' : p0ulanfiigur, ' sugar-basin '.
p0uldy adj., Eng. bold, ' impudent, saucy '.
pewldyn — prablys 441
p0uldyn> s.m., ' a saucy young fellow ' : ta:urhe:n beuldyn gwirjott .
pBuljab, s.f., « bowlful '.
p0uljo, v. (i) ' to bowl, roll ' : psruljo Kerig i laur, ' to roll down
stones ' ; pemljo ( = reruljo) hy:d 9 laur, ' to roll along the floor ' ;
na: i hitjo di nes b&i di m p0uljo, ' ill knock you sprawling ' ; r 0:6
dagra m peruljo o i bgad o, ' tears were rolling down from his eyes ' ;
— 3 dagra m fauljo dros i ribja. (2) 'to pour ' (of a teapot) : jy/
may o m pguljo ? (I.W.).
peuljur, s.m., ' pourer' — of a teapot : pBiiljur jaun 9di o.
pemltan, s.f., pi. peultja, ' bolt ' (screw).
pemltris, s.m., ' poultice '.
p0ullrtj>o, v., ' to poultice '.
peund, s., Eng. bound ; ' bounce ' : dma i li be:l a peund 9ni hi !
p0undjo, v., ' to bounce .'
po:yn, s.f., poen, t). (i) ' pain ' : meun po:yn, ' in pain ' ; mi get/
i bo:yn garu oruB 9 dolyr, * I suffered great pain from the wound '.
(2) ' worry' — often with medut — may po:yn mebulwedi la:& o, ' worry
killed him ' ; wba i uQ bo:yn 9 medut u& . . ., ' I do everything I can
devise to . . .' ; ar bo:yn 9 medul un i dim be na: /", ' I don't know what
on earth to do'. (3) 'sorrow '. (4) 'burden, nuisance': du iwedi
bo:d 9n dippin o bo:yn ido DO. (5) ar bo:yn d9 verwyd, ' on pain of
death '.
poynyS) adj., poenus, D., s.v. ' aerumnosus ', ' laboriosus'. (i) ' in
pain ' : ydi o wedi smuydo ? na:g 9di\ wi:rt may o m boynys, ' is he
easier now?' 'No, indeed, he is in pain'. (2) 'painful; un-
comfortable ' : dim 9n de:u boynys, ' not uncomfortably fat '. (3)
' uncomfortable ' (in mind) because e. g. of having appeared to slight
some one. (4) ' anxious, worried ' : mynd 3m boynys i ve&ul.
poyryn, s., poeryn, D., s.v. ' pytisma ' ; ' spittle '.
po:y6, adj., p\. poiQjon, comp. p'oy&ax, puyOax, poeth, D., 'hot':
trnvyb, durnod, du:r po:y6; — Him boy Bad a moryn—zm bo:y& greif'on,
bo:yB ylu, ylu bo:yB, \wi:l ylu bo:yB, ' piping hot ' ; may n Igada
poiBjon jauji, 'there are intervals of hot sunshine7; m bo:yB 9 bo:
vo: / (imprecation); dalan poiBjon, 'nettles' — also 'hot 'of taste as
mustard, etc. — (fig.) fy:d rhei n dadla m bo:y& am i henwada.
poyBdar, poyBdra, s., poethder, D., 'heat'.
poyBwal, s., cf. poethwial, W.S. [no meaning]; poethfel, B.C. 39.
24, 'charred twigs left after burning a gorse-bush', also the same
gathered for burning.
prablys, adj., parablus, D., ' talkative, ready to talk, pleasant
spoken ' : faf'un $y:n 9di o r 9di o n dis/au / — na:g 9di, may o n 8)-:n
reit brablys.
442
pra:f, adj., praff, D., 'crassus et teres'; 'stout, thick, bulky'
=fyrv, te:u, bsti (J.J.) : r o&penprafa 9/on zn ila:u o. (Apparently
not known to O.H.)
praftar, s., praffder, D., ' thick part ' : praftar i vy:s.
praykjo, v., prankio march, W.S. [Praunce a horse], 'to frisk,
frolic, gambol, cut capers ', e. g. of lambs, but also used of persons.
pratjo, v., prattio, C.L.C. iv. 20. 25; pratio, T.N. 325. 27, Mo
pat° ; * to deal gently with, to coax ' ; prafjo Ki: braQog ; — wel i xi
bratjo vo na mynd i ran, ' it is better for you to deal gently with him
than have a row '.
pra:u, prauv, s.m., prawf and praw, D. ; praw, L.A. 45. 20,
' proof : ka:yl prauv ami hi, ' to prove it '.
prebljan, prebly, v., breblian, T.N. 335. 7, 'to chatter '.
preblyn, s.m., * chatterbox ' : dy:n in farad ar draus paub : — ta:u
belax, w he:n breblyn gwirjon !
pregaB, s.f., pl.przgeda, pregeth, D., ' sermon ' : ar i bregad, ' in
his sermon '.
pregeQurol, adj., pregethwrol, 'of or belonging to a preacher':
taidprege&urol, ' a preacher's circuit '.
preimin^ s.m., ' show, exhibition '.
pretvat, adj., ' private '. Also s.m., ' penis *.
pren, s.m., pi. prenja, pren, D. (i) ' tree ' (only in a few stereo-
typed expressions = koydari) : me&y gweld 3 koydgin brenja, ' not to
see the wood for the trees' ; pren melyn, ' barberry' (Berberis vulgaris).
(2) ' wood, timber ' : ty: pren, ' a house of wood ' ; lu:y bren, p0ulan
bren, ' a wooden spoon, bowl ', pi. luya, p0ulja prenja ; ksfsla
prenja, ' merry-go-round ' ; knap, log o bren, ' a lump of wood '.
(3) ' \°S ' '• may aay bren ar 2 ta:n. (4) ' various objects made of
wood ' : prenrhafa, ' instrument for making hay-ropes ' ; pren mesyr,
' measure ' ; — ' last ' : pren said ddi nrho:yd /, ' I take sevens in
boots ' (O.H.).
prentis, s.m., pl.prentifad, prentis, D.G. cxxxix. 31, 57, 64; D. ;
prentys, W.S. [Prentyce], ' apprentice ' : may Kiu o r bri;d (o vri:d]
m wel nafrentis \bri:d\ ; prentis o u:r bne&g, * a young fellow who
does not take to any employment '.
prentif'aQ, s., prentisiaeth, C.C.M. 3. 28, 'apprenticeship' : wedi
bum i brentifaB, ' having completed his apprenticeship '.
prentif'o, v., ' to apprentice '.
prep, s.m., ' tell-tale, sneak, one who cannot keep a secret ' : he:n
brep garu ydi o ; — he:n brep l>a:x, said of a talkative child.
prepjan^ v. (i) 'to babble, chatter, ask persistently ': ta:u ar d)
brepjan ; paid a prepjan o hy:d am vrextan. (2) 'to sneak, tell,
carry tales ' ; — used also of children who are getting old enough to
repeat what they hear : may o wedi du:ad i brepjan po:b pe:B.
!»/:s—fp:o 443
%e:s, s.m., prgs, D. (i) 'brass'. (2) pi. 'copper money':
o:ys 'gwoxi Xwe-'X o ore:s am xwe.'X o wyn (xwe-'X gwyri) ?* ' have
you six coppers for a sixpenny piece ? ' ; mi dalok i mi meun pge:s,
'he paid me in copper'; also/£YAr koyjon, but this i> seldom used
(]']•)• (3) pl* 'money' (very common): fre:s folk, 'a hidden
store of money '.
presan/, s.m., pi. p%esanta, 'present, gift'.
pn:d, s.m., pridd, D., ' soil, earth ' : pri& [uyd, ' loam ' ; frs/ri
pri.'b, 'earthenware ' ; //// / Sim ar wymmad pri:b 3 beyar pam ....
' I don't know why on earth . . .'.
pri&o, v., priddo, D., ' to cover with soil ' : pribo tattus ; — fri&o
zr ar\ *n 3 vonwant.
prik, s.m., pi. prikja^ price, C.L.C. ii. 38. 14, 'stick', esp. 'a
stick for lighting a fire ' : maly prikja, 'to chop sticks'; prikja fa:s,
prikja toi (J.J.), prikja to: (O.H.), ' pieces of wood used for fastening
the ropes which bind the thatch of a haystack ' ; prik pudin, ' stick
to stir puddings', also 'laughing-stock* (=prik/'un)} neu\i Mm
gneyd prik pudin o hona i, ' you shan't make a convenience of me ',
said especially of "playing gooseberry" (Bangor); m>yft ar ben
prik, ' a monkey on a stick '.
pn'kjoj v., pricco, C.C. 178. 3, 'to prick': prikjo i glisija, 'to
prick up his ears ' ; prikjo no:/s, ' to copy music '.
v. (i) ' to stick ' peas, flowers, etc. (2) in the exp.
prikjo devoid, ' an old method of castrating young rams by means
of two sticks tied together with cord' (J.J.; O.H.).
prik/'un, s.f., pricsiwn, G.O. ii. 239, 18; T.N. 125. 15, 38;
136. 5 ; Eng. prick-song, 'a laughing-stock': wedimyndam brikf'un,
' become a laughing-stock ' ; may hi m brikf'un edra\ arno vo, ' he
is a sight ' (e. g. of some one absurdly dressed) ; — of things : u:ti
wedigneyt i m brikf'un i baub ; — mi -vtianu m brikf'un aru w niwaS
ar usnoS) ' they will be in a terrible muddle at the end of the week ' ;
— also used in various intensive applications : may o m brikf'un o
dena, ' he is shockingly thin ' ; may o m brikf'un o §ry:d, ' it is
shockingly dear *.
prin, adj., pi. prinjon, comp. prinna\, prin, D., 'scarce'; —
adverbially : / o:s gin i ond prin go: am i va:bt ' I scarcely remember
his son '.
prindar, s.m., prinder, D., ' scarcity '.
print, s.m., print, Lev. xix. 28. (i) 'print' (of a book). (2)
' implement of wood to make a pattern on a pat of butter '. (3) ' a
pat of butter '. Cf. W.LI. ( Voc.), s.v. ' mannad ', print o ymenyn.
printan, s.f., in the exp. printan o venyn, ' a pat of butter '.
printjo, v., printio, D., s.v. ' excudo', ' imprimo ' ; ' to print '.
pri:od, adj., priod, D., ' married ' : givraig bri:od ta mer\ ivayk
3di hi ?, ' is she a married woman or a spinster? '
444
priodol — prokjo
priodol, adj., priodol, D., ' proper, right ' : derux tru: r dru:s priodol,
' come through the proper door '.
pri:s, s.m., pris, D.G. clxxxv. 41; D., 'price': pri:s d fair,
' market price ' ; na: i Sim am bri:s an 9 by:d, 1 1 will not at any
price ' ; gweiBjo ar bri:s 9 garag (in slate quarries), ' to work on the
basis of the conventional price allowed for a hundred slates ' ; kayl
day lri:s (in slate quarries), ' to work on the basis of double the
conventional price allowed, owing to the quantity of rubbish to be
cleared away or other causes ' ; also tri:fri:s a xwartar, pedwar pri:s
a hannar, etc., in very unprofitable work.
privjo, v., prifio, D., ' to grow ', generally of persons and animals
but sometimes of things. Cf. tzvy.
priwitf, s.pl., ' privet '.
prjodas,prodas, s.f., priodas, D. ; priodas, G.R. 69. i, 'marriage,
wedding ' : gwa:s prjodas, ' best man ' ; morwyn brjodas, ' brides-
maid ' ; ammod prjodas, ' promise of marriage '.
prjodi, prodi, v., priodi, D., ' to marry ' ; 'be married ' : may o
wedi prjodi, ' he is married ' ; may o wedi prjodi hevo xwayr mistar
devis, ' he has married Mr. Davis's sister ' ; mi prjoda i \i am dim,
1 1 will marry you (i. e. perform the ceremony) for nothing '.
pro/as, s., proffes, K.H. 65. 15; profFess, D., s.v. 'apostate';
' profession ' : gneyd pro/as o grevyft.
profesy, v., proffessu, Tit. i. 16, ' to profess ' (in religious sense).
profidjol, adj., proffitiol, W.S. [Profytable], ' profitable '.
profit, s.m., proffid, D.G., clxxiii. 75, ' profit ' : ma na brofit maur
'arnynu, ' they are very profitable ' ; byux an i laun brofit, i. e. a cow
which has just calved.
profuydo, v., prophwydo, D., s.v. ' vaticinor ' ; ' to prophesy '.
prog, s.f., brock mor, W.S. [Wrake of the sea], only in the exp.
prog 3 mo:r, ( drift wood, etc., cast up by the sea, wreckage '.
progjo, v., progio, cf. Eng. (Dial.) prog [To poke about for,
esp. with a view to pilfering ; to search for ; to forage], ' to poke
about looking for things ' ; also progjo am waiQ, etc.
progjur, s.m., progiwr, ' one who pokes about looking for things ' ;
— also said of some one who is good at picking up work : he:n
brogjur garu 9di o.
prograg, s.f., progwraig, ' a woman who pokes about looking for
things '.
prok, s., proc, ' a poke ', e. g. to the fire.
prokjad, s.m., prociad, ' a poke '.
prokjo, v., procio, T.N. 12. 35. (i) ' to poke ' : prokjo r ta:n ; —
'okjo r lu:x ifur o dan 9 ta:n galiho vogalgwynt. (2) 'to throb ' :
prokjo r lu:x ifu
prvkjog — prj:d 445
by:s 9m prokjo = pbgjo (O.H.). (3) ' to tease ' = deyd rubaB iboini
ru:in anil; paid a prokjo r plant (O.H.). Cf. pgrvokjo.
kjog, adj., prociog, ' throbbing ' : by:s ?m brokjog = pbgjo
'
, s.m., pi. prokkars, procer, ' poker '.
p^oppor, adj., propyr, W.S. ; propr, D. ; Eng. proper, ' pretty ;
good-looking ' : dy:n proppor, dmas broppor, pikljur proppor.
provadigaB, s.f., pi. provadi£eyBa, profedigaeth, D., s.v. ' probatio ' ;
4 trial ' : provadigaB tern, ' a sharp trial '.
pgovi, v., profi, D. ; cf. W.B. col. 66, 26 ; 167. 3.",, ' to prove ;
taste ; feel ', e. g. whether something is hot : hmmu\ beB, t idi r
bu.yd dim ond i brovi, ' take some : the food is only meant to be
tasted ' ; de:y mlmab heb brovi r y:n drueryn, ' ten years without
tasting a drop (of intoxicating drink) '.
provjad, s.m., profiad, D., * experience ' ; dfyd provjad, ' to relate
one s religious experiences at the seiat '.
provjadol, adj., profeadol, C.L.C. iv. 12, 2, 'experienced': dy:n
prwjadol ; — provjadol o waiB, hevo r gwaiB ; — r o:& hunna m brov-
jadol be di gwe't'Qjo, * he knew by experience what work is '.
pru:st s.pl., Eng. proofs, ' references ' (in the Bible).
pry:, s.m., pi. prrvaid, prmad, pr^f, D., ' worm, insect ' ; also used
of small wild animals, e. g. hares (cf. W.B. col. 75. 32 ; K.H. i. 6) :
kodi prj?:, ' to start a hare, etc/ ; pry: ^enwar, ' earthworm ' :
prruaid my:d, ' bots ' ; pry: klistjog, ' earwig ' ; pry: hop (koppyri),
* spider ' ; pry: gannuyl, pry: teiljur, ' daddy longlegs ' ; Kena pry:
gwirjon, ' lizard ' (I.W.) ; pry: tukka, ' woodlouse ' ; pry: lu:yd,
(i) ' badger ' = moxyn deyar ; (2) ' horsefly ' ; (3) applied to human
beings who " sting " (O.H.) ; — m drta prwaid, ' worm-eaten ' ; ma
na bry: n i benno, l he is not quite all there ' (cf. \wilan) ; byu ar
wa:yd prwaid eri^ * to live by one's wits ' ; mi vasun i n medry
bytta penna pnvatd, said by one who is ravenously hungry
(Bangor). — Applied to persons : he:n bry: (brmyn, bryvyn) ; pry:
garu imply (i) 'ability combined with cunning': he:n bry: go
gal 0:8 o hevyd\ (2) ' inquisitiveness ' ; (3) ' peevishness, surliness '
(kroys, harlig, J.J.).
pry:d, s.m., pryd, D. (i) p\.pndja, ' time ' : may m bry:d i \i vynd i
Xgvuely, ' it is time for you to go to bed ' ; pryt hmny, ' at that time ' ;
ar 9 pry:d, ' at the time ' ; ar ?ry:npry:d, ' at the same time ; all
the same '. — Adverbially (also bry:d] = pa bryd, ' when ' : pry:d
kodiQ s leyad?, ' when does the moon rise ? ' ; pry:d vasa n ora i mi
odro?, 'when had I better do the milking?' Also in dependent
clauses = pen ; na: i Parian o bryd ga: i amsar, * I will read it when
I have time '. (2) pi. pnda, * meal ' : hi:r bry:d nei'6 vaur (or day)
bry:d (prov.) ; edrax dim m bgad pry:d o vu:yd, said of some one
who shows no lack of hospitality (Bangor).
446 prj:d—prwyn
pry:d, s.m., pryd, D., ' complexion ' : pry:d gola, t/arwyl, ' light,
dark complexion ' ; ro:8on la:n o bry:d, 'he had a clear complexion '.
prydwebol, adj., pryd-weddol, Deut. xxi. n, 'comely': £enaQ
glu:s brydwebol.
pry:$, adj., prudd, D., ' sad, melancholy '.
prybab, adj., pruddaidd, ' sad, melancholy ' : riu he:n agwab
brybabjaun sy arno vo (O.H.).
pryn, s., pryn, D., ' emptio ' ; verbal noun of prznny, used as
attributive genitive: b am pryn, 'bought bread'; arjan pryn, 'a
certain sum of money paid down as a security on making a purchase,
a deposit ' (O.H.).
/ zy:n> Pa rvw un [Pa:~\-
prsdar, s., pryder, D., 'anxiety'.
przdery, v., pryderu, D., 'to be anxious '.
pnderys, adj., pryderus, D., ' anxious '.
pwdlon, adj., prydlawn, D., 'punctual'.
pndlondab, s., cf. prydlonder, D., s.v. ' tempestiuitas ' ; 'punc-
tuality '.
przgeQur, s.m., pi. pngeBurs, pregethwr, D., s.v. ' praedicator ' ;
' preacher '.
prsgeBy, v., pregethu, D., ' to preach '.
, adj., peryglus, D., ' dangerous ' : dy:n pnglys.
pngeruQan, s.f., cf. pregethu prygothen, C.L.C. ii. 27. 24; na
phregeth na phregowthen, G.O. ii. 219. 33, 'a woman who talks
nonsense ' (O.H.).
pr3g0uQur, s.m., ' a man who talks nonsense ' (O.H.).
pnnny, pwny, v., prynu, D. ; cf. prynnu, C.C.M. 10. 17; M.LI.
i. 119. 23. Imperative pryn; prsnnux, ' to buy ' : prmny ka:6 meun
ku:d, ' to buy a pig in a poke ' ; pryn he:n pryn eilwaiB, pryn newyb
ve bery by 6 [para].
pnsyr, adj., comp. przsyrax, prysur, D. (i) ' busy ' : Kim brzsyrad
a xumfon o:yn, ' as busy as a lamb's tail '. (2) ' quick ' : Ktrftad 9m
brdsyr; may m bnsyr i neyd i waiQ.
pnsyro, v., prysuro, D., ' to hasten ' (stronger than brz/'o).
prsvetta, pzrvetta, v., pryfetta, B.C. 122. 3, 'to pry about' =
(gotta (O.K.).
prwokjo, v., « to tease, provoke '.
prdvoklyd, adj., ' teasing, provoking '.
prwyn, pryvyn, s.m., pryfyn, O.P., ' an inquisitive individual '.
— pulfyn 447
ptru:> tprue, O.P., ' a call to cows ', also pint ba:\, tgui ba:\, tru
la.'X, ts 'bo:.
pBevnos, prtcvnos, s.m., pythefnos, D., ' fortnight '.
pu:ar, s., pwer. C.C. 28. 18, 'power', e. g. for turning a churn,
etc. ; — also gwe'Mjo n kubul pu:ar, * to work hard ' ; — rhoid i hod
bn:ar ar wai6 ; — %hoid 9 tgoyd m o:l i ga:l pu:ar (in jumping).
pudin, s.m., pi. pudins, pwding, D. ; pwdin, T.N. 152. 18,
' pudding ' : pudin gwa.yd, * black pudding ' ; gormod o budin da£iQ
gi: (prov.), ' one can have too much of a good thing '.
pudur, adj., pwdr, D., ' rotten '.
puf, s., pwff o wynt, W.S. [A puffe of wynde] ; B.C. 76. 30, 'a
suppressed laugh with the cheeks puffed out* : puf o \werQin gneyd
riu he:n buf sbeyllyd (O.H.). Cf. ///
pufiti) bufn, s.m., 'puffin ' (Kratercula arctica).
pufjad, s.m., pwffaid, W.S. [no meaning], ' puff': pufjado wynt
ssdyn, ' a sudden puff of wind (O.H.).
pufjan, v., ' to puff out the cheeks ' : pufjan xwerQin, ' to puff out
the cheeks with suppressed laughter ' ; pufjan sbeitjo — gneyd riu
he:n buf sbeytlyd— (O.H.). Cf. pifjan.
pufjoy v., pwffio, D., s.v. ' proflo ' ; 'to blow in puffs ' (of the wind).
pui&il&, pwy gilydd, cf. S.G. 125. 35, ' from one to the other ' :
r o:d o n saim o gly:st buigilib.
pu:int, s., ' finch ' (I. W.). Cf. piyk.
puintil, s., pwyntyl carey. W.S. [An agglet] ; pwyntl, G.R. 2 18. 8 ;
D. ; M.E. poyntel, ' stilus ', P.P. ; ' a pointed instrument made of
iron for writing on slate ' (I.W.).
puintjo, pointjo, v., pwyntio, D. (i) ' to point ' : mi buintis 3 my:s
atto vo. (2) ' to point ', ' to face a wall with mortar '. (3) ' to fatten '.
puisi,puifiypufi, s., pwysi o lysseu, W.S. [A posy]; Cant. i. 3,
' flowers' : pufi r go:g, ' wild hyacinths ' ; pufime:l, ' honeysuckle ' ;
pufi menyn, ' buttercups ' ; pufi nadrod, ' red campions ' (Lychnis
diurna) ; — hcl puisi ; bundal o buisi.
puisig, adj., pwysig, O.P., ' important ' : hunna di r puisig, ' that's
the important point '.
puisikruyft, s.m., pwysigrwydd, O.P., ' importance '.
/>«:/, adj., pwl, D. (i) * blunt': korn byu\ m mynd im bud uQ
heneibjo (O.H.). (This is the only instance I have met with of this
use of the word.) = 'dirvi:n. (2) ' dim ' (of sight) : golug w
viynd ym bu:l.
pulfan, s.f., the feminine form of pulfyn (J.J.).
pulfyn, bulfyn, s.m., ' a fat person ' : pulfyn o hogyn ; also used in
the fern. : pulfyn o lodas.
448 pul—put
pul, s.m., pl./^/tf, pwll, D., ' pool, pit ' : pul glo:, ' coal mine ' ;
put 3 galon, ' pit of the stomach '.
pump, s.m., pi. pzmpja. (i) 'pump'. (2) 'blow': rvo: ro:Q
bump i mi i Sexra ag mi pumpifinna vo wedyn ; fig. paub a i bump
i bembul (prov.). (3) fydifi dim pump uBo vo, ' I did not say a word
to him ' ; — may o wedi nrhawo vi a minna wedi deyd 3ry:n pump u6o
vo. Cf. heb ddywedyd bwmp mwy na buwch, G.O. ii. 69. 13.
pumpjo, psmpjo, v. (i) ' to pump '. (2) ' to punch*.
pun, s.m., pl.pmna, pwnn, D., ' a load on an animal's back ' ; pun
my:l — tair pottal; — ?nqy 3 pun an /rot, ' the load is slipping off' ; —
karjo rubaB 3m bsnna ; pen pun ( = pembun), ' a sack on an animal's
back between two panniers ' ; rha:f 3 pun, ' rope passing underneath
the animal to attach the load ' ; — in a more general sense pun o
fa'lad, ' a pile of clothes '.
punjad, s.m., pwniad, O.P., ' a nudge ' : rhoi punjad.
pun/o, v., pwniaw, L.G.C. 25 [36]; pwnio, C.C. 38. 2; T.N.
18. 26; cf. W.S. dulio ne euro [Beate, punne]. (i) 'to poke':
punjo r ta:n, ' to poke the fire ' ( = prokjo) ; — punjo ru:in i befro vo ;
— ' to nudge ' ; 'to prod ', e. g. a donkey. (2) 'to drive into, force
into ', e. g. of something down the neck of a bottle : du i n tri:o 3
yora bunjo rubaQ 3n i ben ; — punjo bu:yd 280 vo, ' to force food upon
him'.
pun/'ad, s.m., pi. punfada, ' bunch ' : punf'ad o vloda.
punk, s.m., pl.pjyfy'a, pwnc, D., 'point, subject': koli r puyk,
' to miss the point '.
purpas, s.m., pi. purpasa, pwrpas, W.S. ; M.LI. i. 227. 26 ; P.G.G.
68. 26, ' purpose ' : farad i Sim purpas, ' to speak to no purpose ' ;
o burpas, ' on purpose '.
purpasol, adj. , ' purposely, made on purpose ' : •/ 3dani dim wedi
gneyd nu m burpasol i x*, ' we have not made them on purpose for
you ' ; le: purpasol i borBi aniveiljad, ' a place made on purpose for
feeding animals'.
purs, s.m., pi. pyrsa, pwrs, D. (i) 'purse': purs 3 bigal,
' shepherd's purse ' (Capsella Bursa-pastoris). (2) ' udder '.
purus, s.m., ' poor-house, work-house '. (Seldom used.)
pufi \^puisi\
pufi, pufan, s., ' pussy '.
put, s.m., Tp\.p9tja, pwt o ddyn, W.S. [A dwarfe]; pwt, G.O. ii.
47. 16. (i) 'bit, scrap' (used generally of something short or
insignificant) : put o 8y:n by:r, ' an insignificant little man ' ; p9tja
ba:x o gerig, ' little bits of stone ' ; put bakko, ' a scrap of tobacco ' ;
^ mhut me:l il, endearing term applied to a baby. (2) ' a remark
made in a meddlesome manner ' : rhoid i but 3n i peQa nu (O.H.) ;
put—puys 449
— be di d9 tysnas di raid? but />, ' what business is it of yours to poke
your nose into it?' (O.H.). — but in the phr. digjo m but, * to be
easily made angry, to be very touchy ' is Eng. ' butt ' \but\.
put, ' a call to a cat to make it come to the speaker '.
putjan, v., pwtian, T.N. 92. 38 ; Eng. (Dial.) put [to push,
thrust], * to nudge'.
put/an, put/ot v., 'to squirt ' : putfo du:r o i &e:g, o swigan ;
put/an du:r ar 9\gwymmad \i ; — also used of the action of water
coming through the neck of a bottle : du:r 9m putfo o r bottal (O.H.).
piitlan, s.f., pwten, O.P., ' an insignificant little woman '.
puttz, s. [p9ttyn\.
putlog, s.f., \\.putoga, ? pwtog, T.N. 266. 4, * shank of pork '.
puttyn, s.m., pwtyn, O.P., " a little squab of a man ": putty n byr
9di o ; — 9 mhuttyn me:l annuyl i /, endearing term applied to a baby.
pu:y, pron., pwy, D. (i) * who?': pu:y sy na, du:\?, 'who is
there, I wonder ? ' ; puy di o ?, ' who is he ? ' ; ' who is it ? ' ; hevo
pu:y da\i n fry:o, ' with whom are you quarrelling ' ; may &in i
amkan puy sy wcdi gtry nu, * I have an idea who sent them ' ; puy
lynnag, ' whoever '. (2) ' which ', ' what ' : puy mists devis ?, ' which
Mrs. Davis ? ' ; duin meQy dirnad puy fort ^ do: i afan, ' I cannot
imagine which way to get out '.
puyl, s., pwyll, D., * discretion, judgment, cool deliberation ' :
bmmyd pu:y£; — hmma buy^ a nwnad.
puyjpg, adj., pwyllog, D., ' deliberate '.
puyflra, s. = puy^ : m wa:g o buyllra.
puynt, s.m., pi. puintja, pwynt, R.B. 97. 30; D. (i) 'point ':
dakku toy m huiljo n huylys \ heibjo r puynt (= Callow's Point) ag
at 9r mys \huiljo]. (2) ' appointment, rendezvous '.
puyniys, adj., pwyntus, D.G. cci. 26 ; D., s.v. ' carnosus ' ; ' fat\
puyo, v., pwyo, D., * to beat, punch ' : puyo i ben, ' to punch his
head ' ; puyo hb'iljon, ' to hammer nails '.
puys, s.m., pwys, D. (i) pi. puysa, * weight' (frequently in
the plural) : may tippin o buysa m 9 fyvra ma, * these books are
rather heavy ' ; klyux ^ puysa sy no vo, ' feel the weight of it ' ; deynau
puys o buysat ' eighteen pounds in weight ' ; jrhoid nu a i puys or
9 wal, ( to lean them (e. g. slates) against the wall ' ; o.ys na buysa
gwynt ar 9 ty: ma ?, ' is this house exposed to the full force of the
wind ? ' ; Kerbad uQ i buys (buysa), * to walk leisurely ' ; Kin i mi
vynd i buysa teyly, ' before I was married ' (J.J.). (2) ' inclination
to vomit ' in phr. puys gleif'o ; — may puys arna i, * I feel sick '.
(3) ' importance ' : dim o buys, ' it doesn't matter ' ; dim lazvar o
buys p % y.-n, ' it doesn't much matter which '. (4) pi. puisi,
1 pound ' (weight) : puys o de:, ' a pound of tea ' ; tair Keinjog 9
1433 G g
450 puyso —pyppys
pu:ys, * threepence a pound ' ; pu:ys maur (5 Ibs.) and pu:ys ba:x
(i Ib.) were terms used about 30 years ago in selling wool (JJ.).
puyso, v., pwyso, D. (i) * to weigh ' (trans, and intr.) ; * to weigh
oneself. (2) 'to weigh heavily (upon)'; * to press down '; 'to
lean ' : mi dorod 9 grtaB uB buy so ami hi, ' the knife broke by leaning
heavily upon it ' ; puysa 9 gannuyl i laur, ' press down the candle ' ;
puyso ar, ' to lean on, to rest upon ' ; puyso n erbyn 9 wal, ' to lean
against the wall ' ; may r lanu n dexra puyso n erbyn 9 gwynt, * the
tide is beginning to run against the wind' ; — (fig.) tasa n rhaid i \i
gerbad 9n o:l i vaygor heno, mi vasa m puyso 'arno\i (•= basa n reit
do:st 'arnoxi), ' if you had to walk back to Bangor to-night, you
would feel it a burden ' ; puyso ar ru:in, ' to press some one ' (to
do something).
pu:yB, s.m., pi. puyBa, pwyth, D., ' stitch ' : pu:y6 dros ben, ' over-
casting ' ; pu:yB kro:ys, ' cross stitch ' ; pu:y& o: \wi6ig, ' purling ' (in
knitting) ; grieyd pu:y& tru: r wal, said of a stone which, when built
into a wall, traverses it completely, and is necessary for its solidity
(O.H.).
pu:yB, s., pwyth, D., ' pretium, merces, prsemium ' : taly r pu:yB
9n o:l, ' to retaliate ' ; — also ' a sarcastic remark ' : mi rot's i bu:y6 t'8i
hi, ' I had a dig at her ' (Bangor).
puyBo, v., pwytho, D., ' to stitch ' : puyda vo n va:n, ' stitch it up
with fine stitches '.
puyQo, v., 'to pay out ' : puyQo ru:in.
pylpyd, s.m., pi. pylpyda, pulpud, D., s.v. ' pulpitum ' ; ' pulpit '.
pyls, s.pl., sing. pylsan, f., ' pills' ;— fig. mi rot's i bylsan t'8o vo,
' I gave him a dig ', ' I gave him a bit of my mind '.
pym, adj., pum, ' five ' : zpymgaty, ' the five senses ' ; — pym mynyd,
pym mlmad.
pymlaB, s., pumllath, ' five yards ' : riu bymlaB ne xwe-'X^fiyw la:^-
pymmad, adj., pummed, D., ' fifth '.
pymp, s., pump, D., ' five ' : pymp o fonjon.
pympuys, s., pumpwys, ' five pounds ' (weight) = pym pu.ys.
pympynt, s., pumpynt, B.C. 21. 27, 'five pounds' (money) =
pym pynt.
pynt, s.f., pi. pynna, punt, D., ' pound ' (money).
py:o, v., peuo, D., s.v. ' anhelo ' ; 'to bellow ' (of bulls).
py:o, v., ' to shell ' : py:ofa:, py:s (= dy:o).
pyppyr, s.m., pupur, D., 'pepper': farad vel melin byppyr, 'to
talk like a mill ' ; pyppyr hirjon, ' ? long pepper ' (JJ.).
pyppys, s.pl., pyppys gwiltjon, ' vetch ' (Vicia sativa)— (JJ.) ; cf.
ytbys, D., s.v. 'cicer', ' cicera ' ;— -pyppys dram, ' bogberries, cran-
berries ' (O.H.) = bgaid r eyron (Vaccinium Oxycoccos).
451
pypro,v.,< to pepper'.
py:r, adj., pur, D. (i) 'pure*. (2) 'true, faithful' : 9m by:r i
= tnmpy /pu. (3) adverbially ' very ' : 9m by:r 'an'ammal,
' very seldom ' =zjaun, re it.
pyrjon, adv., purion, O.P. (for pur iawn), ' all right ' — in a tone
of disapproval : pyrjon maxgan ;', gna: di os ItiKi di — (but you'll
regret it).
pyro, v., puro, D., ' to purify ', e. g. corn by winnowing.
py:s, s.pl., sing.Jysan, f., pjs, D., 'peas' : py:s g/ei/>on, ' green
peas '.
pydau, s., p].p9dewa, pydew, D., ' well '. More commonly fmnon.
p9doli, v., pedoli, D., ' to shoe ' (horses) ; eval fadoli, ' pincers'.
p9dryy v., pydru, D., ' to rot ' : may i dunnab wedi p9dry, ' her
teeth are decayed ' ; — used with reference to laziness : may o wedi
p9dry meun djo&i.
pydry, v., ? Eng. powder, (i) pidry mynd, 'to plod along'; —
pidry ar i o:l o ; — pidry ar rubaQ, ' to powder away at something ',
e. g. of a speaker or preacher. (2) ' to thrash ' : mi psdra i di.
p9g, adj., cf. pygliw, D., ' piceus ', ' of a bad colour ', said of
things badly washed : may going pzg 'arnynu ; kro:yn pygt ' dark,
muddy complexion '.
P*gty> adj-, pygddu, B.C. 59. 10 [pitch black] : 'of a bad colour '
= {buy gwyn a dy: (J.J.).
ptglyd, adj., pyglyd, D., s.v. ' piceatus ' : ' of a bad colour ' (of
clothes) ; ' not clear ' (of the skin) ; euphemism for ' dirty ' : may na
dug pyglyd jaun ar 9 dy:n na (O.H.).
p3gy> v., ' to make of a bad colour ' (in washing clothes).
p9kst s.pl., sing, ptisan, f., ' bugs '.
prty ; puly (O.H.), v., pylu, D., ' to fail ' (of sight) : golug imprty.
pzmpjo \pumpjo\.
p9m6ag, s. and adj., pymtheg, D., ' fifteen '. Takes the radical
except in pmi&ag mlmab, mluyb.
ptmQegvad, adj., pymthegfed, D., ' fifteenth '.
pm^djOy v., penydiaw, L.A. 51. 2, ' to do penal servitude'; ' to
sentence to penal servitude ' : pm^djo vo am i o:ys ; — facetiously ' to
work ' : da\i y ka:l rubaQ am bmidjo n 9 van na ? (All O.H.)
p9sgod, s.pl., sing, pssgodyn, sgodyn, pysg, pi. pysgod, unde et
sing, pysgodyn, D., ' fish ' : p9sgodyn ayr, pssgodyn arjan, fishes
described as being exactly like the black sea-bream (Cantharus
lineatus), but the one of a golden, the other of a silvery colour, —
apparently varieties or the young of one of the breams or wrasses ;
pzsgodyn darn arjan, * John Dory ' (Zeus faber) ; pzsgodyn Kegty,
4 hake ' (Merluccius vulgaris) ; p9sgodyn witfan, ' pole-dab, craig-
Gg 2
452 pasgotta — ragja
fluke ' (Pleuronectes cynoglossus) ; pwgodyn wy:alt, ' weever-fish '
(Trachinus draco) ; p3sgod avon, ' trout ' = briQil.
pvsgotta, sgotta, v., pysgotta, D., < to fish ' : gjalam fasgotta,
' fishing-rod ' = gjalam voirjo, genwar.
pKgottur, sgottur, s.m., pysgodwr, D., s.v. ' piscator ' ; ' fisherman '.
p9slt s.f., ' puzzle '.
p9sloyp9sljo, v. (i) ' to puzzle ' : paslo a betjo, ' to rack one's brains '
(O.H.) ; pdsljo gweiQjo, ' to do one's best with a piece of work which
one does not thoroughly understand ' ; pysljo rubaB, ' to puzzle out
something ' ; — pssljo d9sgy rubaB ; hence (2) 'to be studious '.
pxwadjo, pdsoidjo, v., perswadio, 2 Cor. v. n ; B.C. 12. 17, 'to
persuade '.
pwyr, v., pesychu, D., ' to cough ' : hrfa o foszxy, ' fits of
coughing '.
patattan \tattus and tittu\
psttyn; putti (I.W.) ; but ft (Bangor), s.m., 'putty': bodjo r
' to knead the putty with the finger and thumb '.
pmaly, v., palfalu, D., ' to .grope '.
r, article, yr, ' the ', before, and generally after vowels, e. g. r aval,
9 dy:n a r fonas, sgybo r laur, sgidja r dy:n ma, etc. Before a word
beginning with h, r is generally substituted for r as r ha:, l the
summer '. \f\.
r, yr, affirmative or relative particle used before certain verbal
forms beginning with a vowel, e.g. r o:b o wedi mynd, 'he had
gone ' ; Kin r a: t, ' before I go '. [i\.
rabjo, v., Eng. (Dial.) rap [to exchange, barter, " swop "], ' to
barter ' : rabjo kdf9la, ' to deal in horses by bartering ' ; — rabjo gavr
a bu:x am bavad ag o:yn — (O.H.) —feirjo.
rabjur, s.m., ' one who barters ' : rabjur kdfsla (O.H.).
rabsan, s.f., Eng. rap [a counterfeit copper coin of the nominal
value of a halfpenny which was used in Ireland in the reign of
George I] : heb 9r y:n rabsan, ' without a farthing ' ; ma po:b
rabsan wedi mynd, ' every farthing has gone ' — (O.H.).
rag, s.m., ' the part which lies on each side of the neck of a
sheep ' : 3 day rag (O.H.).
ragja, s.pl., (in slate quarries) ' rag-stones ' : slates with too many
flaws (trayd gleif'ori) in them to allow of their being cut into the
requisite size for roofing-slates and commonly employed for making
writing slates.
ragtyd — redan s 453
raglyd, adj., ' ragged ' = karpjog, rakstyd, rakfog.
rak, s., rack popty, W.S. [A colerake], ' rake for raking mud off
a road, for cleaning out stoves, etc.* : ghiglofor hevo rak. Cf. kribin.
rakjo, ghakjoy v., ' to rake with a rak '.
raks, s.pl., sing, reksyn, m. (i) ' rags ' : may r dijad wedi tori n
raks grzbibjony 'the clothes are torn to shreds'. (2) in extended
sense = pe:6 m da: i Kim : — maly r drol m raks a r verva hevyd ;
maly i go:ys m raks — (O.H.).
raksfyd, adj., ' ragged ' = karpjog, ragjyd, rak/'og.
rakfo, v., ' to spoil, destroy, maul' = maly.
rakfog, adj., ' ragged ' = karpjog, ragtyd, rakstyd.
rakfur, s.m., racsiwr, T.N. 17. 31 [? ragman], ' a destructive
person who mauls everything ' (O.H.).
rah', s., Eng. (Dial.) rally [an angry scolding, wrangling], War.,
Shr., w.Som., ' a scolding ' : mi roifi rali rto vo ; ka.yl 3 rali.
randrad, randro, s., * lime mixed with hair or straw, placed between
the laths (at's) of a roof and the slates '.
rap, s.m., Eng. rap, ' door-knocker '.
ra:s, s.f., pi. rasys, ' race ' : ku:% ra:s, ' a racing boat ' ; rhtdag
ra:s, ' to run a race ' ; mynd am (ora) ra:s hevo mi, ' to run a race with
me ' ; enni^ ra:s, ' to win a race ' ; da\i wedi koli r ra:s he'ity'u, ' you
have lost the race to-day ' = ' you are late ' ; ra:s redig, ' ploughing
match '.
ra:s, s.f., ' race, rapid current at sea ' : ra:s gre: o r senind i vmy
(O.H.).
rasa!, s.f., pi. raselyd, ' razor '.
rasmus, interj., Erasmus ; — also rasmus annuyl !
raf'o, v., Eng. race, ' to run violently ' : rhedag a rafo ; raf'o mynd.
ravin, adj., Eng. raving, ' dissolute, loose ', e. g. of a drunkard :
may o wedi mynd ?n ravin.
ravjo, v., Eng. rave, ' to live a dissolute life ' ; ' to be disorderly ' ;
' to rave ' : ravjo n i bi:od ; — 9m burn /ruidi ag ?n i ravjo hi, said
especially of a drunken man \buru\
ravjur, s.m., ' a noisy, dissolute fellow ' : hem ravjur ovnaduy )di
o — dy:n »m burn trutii (O.H.), said especially of a drunken man.
ravljo, v., Eng. ravel, 'to fray' (of edges of cloth, etc.) ; also
trans, ravljo (— maly) difcid.
ravy, v., arafu, D., « to slacken ' ; * to go slower ' : ravy Kcfyl hevo
r re:ns Kin du:ad i r a:(t ; — ma: r ktmrta n ravy. Cf. slovi.
redans, ridans, s., rhidels communius rhidens, D. ; rhidens, D.P.O.
331. 21 ; ridans, D.G. cxviii. 22 ; ridens, Num. xv. 39 ; D., s.v.
'fimbria', ' fratilli ', 'lacinia'; W.LI. (Voc.) s.v. 'sider'; M.E.
454 redig — rodart
rydel [curtain], (i) ' fringe ' (I.W.). (2) said of something frayed :
may leinin i go:t dn ridans (Bangor).
redig, v., aredig, D., ' to plough ' = /rot.
regan, s.f., rhegen, D. : regan ry:g, regan ry:x, ' corncrake '
(Crex pratensis). Cf. rhegen yr yd, rhegen y rhych (O.P.).
reigjan, v., eigian, igian, D., « to hiccup ' : — substantively : ma:
r reigjan arno vo.
re'tt, adv., Eng. right, ' very ' : sy daxi heity'u ? du in reitfta:, ' how
are you to-day ? ' ' I am quite well ' ; (ma: n) reit dru:g Kin /, ' I
am very sorry '.
re:ns, s.pl., ' reins '. Cf. awan.
resins, resis, s.pl., sing, resan, 'raisins'.
ri:at, s.m., Eng. riot, ' noise ' : kadu ri:at, ' to make a noise '.
riks, s.pl., Eng. (Dial.) rig [a noise], w.Yks., Lan., ' frolics ' :
grieyd riks dru:g = gneyd trikja dru:g.
riyglar, s.m., ' a bad workman ' (O.H.).
riyglis, s.pl., ' creases '.
riyglo, riygljo, rhiykljo, rinkljo, v., Eng. (Dial.) ringled [ringed,
marked with wrinkles], Sc. (i) 'to crumple ' : dihdyn wedi riyglo.
(2) ' to become entangled ', e.g. of a rope round the foot of a horse.
(3) of bad workmanship: riygljo gwei&jo (O.H.). — Generally
rhiykljo at Bangor.
riyjo, v., in training a horse, to make it run on soft ground,
holding it by a cord attached to the bridle : riyjo Kefyl (OH.).
riyk, s. \rhiyk~].
ri'oyd, ri'o:d \eri'o:yd\.
riu, rhiu, s., ruw, W.S. ; D., s.v. ' ruta ', but rhuw (Bot), c rue '
(plant) = riu gerbi.
riu, adj., often for rhiu, q.v.
riular, s.f., ' ruler ' (for drawing straight lines).
rtutjo, v., f to rule, control ' : dy:n dn medy riuljo i hy:n ; riuljux
9 plant.
robin, rhobin, C.C. 138. 21, 'Robin', s.m., but robin go:x,
' robin redbreast ' ; robin grmny> ' quaking grass ' (Briza media) ; —
robin z garur, properly, according to J.J., * a sort of fairy supposed
to ride on horses and entangle their manes ' : now only ' gadfly ' ;
klirjux 9 stry:d a sevux dn rheyk) may robin 'di'deyk dn du:ad, street
cry of children ; may paub dn robin i riuin, ' every Jack has his Jill '.
rodart, rodat, s.f., godart, W.S. [A godart] ; G.C.M. 210. 9;
godard, B.C. 24. 16 ; Eng. goddard [a drinking cup or goblet];
O.F. godart, ' a kind of earthenware bowl with a handle, holding
ro:g—rudlan 455
about a pint, often used formerly for drinking milk, buttermilk, etc.,
or ladling broth from the pot '.
ro:g, s.m., ' rogue '.
rogyn, s.m., rogun, T.N. 23. 4, 'rogue': r hem rogyn dru:g /
(O.H.).
ro:l, s., rhdl, D.F. [xii. 2] ; cf. D.G. xxxix. 52, ' control ' : gneu\
rod 'arnynu, ' keep control over them ' (O.H. — seldom used) ; mi
gofis 9 ro:l ami hi wedyn, ' I lost the thread of the argument after-
wards '. — Cf. [Ai:ol.
royjur, s.m., Eng. wrong, ' rogue, wrong-doer '.
rorjo, v. = &ambljo (O.H. — obs.).
rotfun, adj., erioed ffasiwn, ' never . . . such ' : we/is i rotfun be:B
(ri'oyd), ' I never saw such a thing ' ; fork * Xerdoti » nrhayd eri'o:yd
welif (xlu:if) i rotfun be:B (W.H.).
r0ul, s., ' roller for rolling fields ' ; also ' roller of a blind ' : rerul
hrtan— (O.K.).
rerular, s., ' roller '.
reruljo, v. (i) ' to roll *, e.g. on a level spot : r u:ti wedi reruljo
nes u:ti n va:u i &i:d\ cf. pemljo, gholjo. (2) 'to wheel', e.g. a
wheelbarrow or perambulator.
remnd ', prep., adv., ' round ' : rerund? ly:, ' round the house ' ; mynd
m rmind, ' to go round ' ; 0.7 refund b0und, ' all round about ' (O.H.).
— ' o amgylch ' is not used. Cf. o gumpas.
ru:an, adv., yrwan, B.C. 9. 12 ; rwan, B.C. 17. n, ' now' : be sy:
ru:an ?, ' what's the matter now ? ' ; rvi: sy ru:an, ' it is my turn
now ' ; mi a: i mo ru:an, ' I am going in a minute ' ; mi da:u hi
n o:l ru:an, c she will come back presently ' ; ru:an dgest, 'just now ' ;
ru:an ag m 9 man, ' now and then '.
rub, s.m., pi. rrija, ' a fall in a quarry '.
rubal, s.m., 'rubble ', e.g. in slate quarries = sburjaL
rubaB, s.m., rhywbeth, D., s.v. 'aliquid'. (i) 'something': tori
rubaB 9n i hannar, ' to break something in two ' ; rubaB daxi wedi
^hoid 9x ka:s arno, 'something you have taken a dislike to*. (2)
4 any thing ': rubaB 'le'ikjuni^ ' anything we like ' ; rubaB 'vedru\i, ' any-
thing you can ' ; os nadadi o n rubaB 'gmoxi, ' if you do not mind ' ;
vasa n rubaB 'gmo\i helpjo vir>, ' would you mind helping me ? ' ; ma
nu n meftul gne'iB rubaB rubaB ybynu, ' they think that anything will
do for them ' ; %h0ux rubaB rubaB am 'dano\i, ' put anything on '.
rudins, rudis, s.pl., sing, rudan, f., Eng. rootings, ' swedes '
(turnips).
rudlan, s.f., ' a gossip ' (person) : ^ hem rudlan I Also rhudlan
456
rudljan — r ha:d
rudljan, rudljo, rutljo \rhudljo~\.
rudul, s.m.f., ' gossip, tattle '.
ru:g, s.m., Eng. (Dial.) roog [a heap, pile, bundle of anything],
Sh. and Ork. I., ' heap ' : ru:g o gerig, ' a large heap of stones
containing twenty or thirty tons' (O.H.).
rttgjo, v., ' to heap together ' : rug jo s Kerig at i gilti (O.H.).
ru:in, Hum, pron., rhyw un, D., s.v. 'aliquis'; 'some one, any one*.
rula, s. and adv., rhywle, D., s.v. ' alicubi ' ; ' somewhere ' : ma
na dervysg m rula, may nfu:r i xt, ' there is a thunderstorm some-
where, you may be sure ' ; pikjo i rula, ' to run off somewhere '.
ru:mt s.f., pi. ru:ms, rumsys, rwm ne ehengdwr, W.S. [Roume],
' a room '.
ru'rei, pron., rhywrai, ' some '.
rusyt, adv., rhywsut, ' somehow ' : mi '^ey&onu hy:d atto rusyt,
' they found it out somehow ' ; rusyf rusyt, ' anyhow, higgledy-
piggledy ' ; grieyd rubaB rusyt rusyt = -strim'stram'strelax.
ruff, s., Eng. rush, riu rutfo waiQ, i a badly done piece of work ' ;
— also of persons : riu rutf o voruyn, ' a maid who works in a
slapdash fashion '. — (O.H.)
rutfo, rhutfo, v., ' to work in a hasty, superficial manner ' : rutfo
= golxi n vydyr ; — gormod o rutfo sy: o lawar jaun m d dzftja
ryban, s.m., pi. rybana, ruban, D.G.-cciv. 29 ; W.S. [A rubande] ;
O.F., ruban, ' ribbon '.
rrielur, s.m., from Eng. rubble, (in slate quarries) ' one who has
not a bargain but looks for workable slates among rubble or rejected
portions of the rock, or begs them from other workmen '.
raf, adj., comp. rzfjax, ' rough ' in all senses.
rzn, s., 4a sloping plank, e.g. for carrying stones, etc., into a
building in course of erection-'.
r, article, yr, ' the ', used before a word beginning with h as r he:n
Sy:n. [?].
rhabust, s.f., term of reproach for a woman : he:n rabust $i:og
(dmas go vaur) [not known to O.H].
rha:d, s., rhad, D., * blessing ' : rha:d ar 9 da: !, ' a blessing on
the cattle ', formerly said when a cow calved (J.J. ; O.H.) ; / o:ys
na dim rha:d na bendiB arno, said of one whose affairs all go un-
rha:d— rhagor 457
accountably wrong: gha:d arno/, 'a blessing on him', used
ironically.
{ha:d, adj., comp. ghattax, rhdd, D., ' cheap ' : %ha:d moxyn, l dirt
cheap ' ; tsgol ra:d, ' National School ' ; — ' gratis ', in the exp. m
rha:d ag am dim.
ghadlon, adj., rhadlawn, D., ' pleasant, easy to deal with ' : gu:r
bnebig ba:\ rhadlon, ' a pleasant gentlemanly man ' ; Kefyl rhadlon
= haub i dri:n.
{ha:/, s.f., pi. {ha/a, rhdff, D., * rope ' : gha.f wair, wety * hay
rope, straw rope ' ; pgenghafa, ' instrument for making hay ropes' ;
rhafa traus; 'ropes running across a haystack' (J.J. ; O.H.);
rhafa Kerbady ' ropes running along a haystack, attached to the
former '(J.J.).; rhafa dgc:l, ' red cords' (supposed to be made in
prison (J.J.).
rhafjo, v., rhaffiaw, O.P., ' to attract the attention, to hold spell-
bound ' : r o:& hi n rhafjo vi r y: va:6 apra&eQur (O.H.).
rhafy, v., rhaffu, ' to rope ' : e. g. a load of hay on a cart.
{hag, prep., rhag, D. With pronouns, only in S. 3. rhagbo (vo),
rhag&i(hi) and PI. 3. '{hagtyn(u). (i) 'for': rhak kwilib, 'for shame' ;
rhak (rtok, k) ovn, ' for fear ' ; rhak ovn zgla:u, ' for fear of the rain ' ;
may baygor yn k: da: rhag eira, ' Bangor is a good place for snow ',
i. e. ' for not getting snow '. (2) ' against, as a precaution against ' :
rhoid rubaO o vla:yn 9 dru:s rhag gwyn/, ' to put something in front
of the door to keep the draught out ' ; mo\alrhag yr eira, ' to shelter
from the snow ' ; rhag bo:d z fru:yn ar i ben, ' to keep the bridle
from touching his head '. (3) in phrase rhag bla:yn, ' at once ' :
may hi -y kr^xy * dail rhag bla:yn, l its leaves shrivel up all at once ' ;
gwer&y po:b pe:Q rhag bla:yn, 'to sell everything straight off'. —
Followed by the preposition i with noun or pronoun and an in-
finitive,^^ either with or without ovn has the force of a conjunction
1 lest ' : rhaid i mi xwi/jo am rubaB i roid m afenast rhag idi gadu
su:n, * I must look for something to put in the window to keep it
from rattling ' ; iznny lekKa^ i laur rhag ido verwi n sy."x, ' to take
a kettle off the fire for fear of the water boiling away ' ; mynd alan
o xfor% rhag i \i vynd heibjo ru:in, ' to go out of your way to avoid
passing some one ' ; rhaid i x* g°y hun £&<*& ovn i \i vynd m o:yr,
' you must button this for fear you get cold '.
rhagtor (I.W.), rhagrob (J.J. ; O.K.), s.f., rhagddor, D. (i) ' the
outer door in old-fashioned cottages, half the height of the inner
door ' : kay r ghagrob na rhag i r moxyn du:ad i r ty:. (2) ' either
half of a door divided horizontally ' : ghagrobyxa, ghagrob isa.
rhagor, rhagor, D. (i) s. and adv., ' more ' = xwanag, which is
more frequent : way 9 i xi hsnny na rhagor, ' you cannot gainsay
that '. (2)3.,* difference ' : ma: rhagor 'rhzyQynu, ' there is a differ-
458
rhagori — rha:u
ence between them ' ; ma na ragor ovnaduy rhuy ebol a \&ljogt said
of two things which bear no resemblance to each other.
rhagori ', v., rhagori, D., ' to excel ' : may hun m rhagori ar 3 la I.
rhagorol, adj., rhagorol, D., ' excellent '.
rhagriB, s.m., rhagrith, D., ' hypocrisy '.
rhagvyr, s., Rhagfyrr, D., f December '.
rhaib, s., rhaib, D. (i) 'voracious appetite ' : may rhaib arno ;
may gin i rail bu:yd. (2) formerly used for ' famine ' : may r rhaib
ar 9 man a r man (O.H.).
rhaid, s., rhaid, D., ' necessity ' : uB raid, ' in case of necessity ;
/ o:ys dim rhaid, ' there is no necessity ' ; gneyd i raid, euph. for
' ventrem exonerare ' ; 9di o n air rhaid i xi vynd ?, ' is it absolutely
necessary for you to go ? ' ; may r gair rhaid u& 9 mhenni, ' it is a
case of necessity with me ' ; may rhaid i vakko folanwady r y: va:6
a kuru, ( tobacco must exercise the same influence as beer '.
rhaid, adj., comp. rheitjax, rhaid, D. ; sup. rheitiaf, D.F. [vii.] 4,
' necessary ' ; — in the present tense the verb 'to be ' is generally
omitted, e. g. rhaid i mi vynd, ' I must go ' (cf. wel i mi vynd, way 6
i mi vynd, etc.), but dy:8 9n rhaid i xi nfyd 3x gora, ' you will have
to do your best ' ; basa n rhaid i xi gwuyn %in y-n or de:g, ' you
would have to start before eleven '.
rhaits, s., ' voracious appetite, excessive desire '( = rhaib] : may
rhaits arno (JJ. — not known to O.H.).
rhakjo, v., ' to rake '. Cf. rak, rakjo.
rhan, s.f., pi. rhanna, rhann, D., ' part ' : 9 rhan yxa o r dru:s,
' the upper part of the door ' ; o ran, ' as regards, for ' : 3n veyax na
mi: o ran edraxjad, ' younger than I as regards appearances ' ; in
vu:y na mi: o ran taldra, ' bigger than I as regards height ' ; o ran
hmny, ' for that matter ' ; o ran hu:yl (= sborf], ' for fun '.
rhannog, adj., rhannog, D., ' sharing ' : mynd 9n rhannog hevo,
t to go shares with '.
rhanny, v., rhannu, D., c to divide, distribute ' : be daxi am neyd
hevo r kaBod ma f rhanny nu, ' what are you going to do with
these cats ? ' ' Give them away ' ; — may gin i xwe x'tinjog, mi ranna
i hevo ti ; — le may r du:r vn rhanny, said of a watershed.
rhasgal, s.f., rasgal, K.H. 109. 17 ; cf. D.G. Ixvi. 15; rhasgl, D.,
fspokeshave'(O.H.).
rha:u, s.f., pi. rhauja ; rhavja (O.H.), rhaw, D. (i) 'spade'
(rha:u bad for the°sake of distinction) : pen rha:u, 'the iron part of
a spade ' : mor -Sirgwilib a pen rha:u ; — ko:ys rha:u, ' handle of a
spade ' ; rha:u vaun, ' a spade of a peculiar shape for digging peat '.
(2) ' shovel ' : prokkar a rha:u —fevlan.
459
ghaug, adv., yrhawg, D.G. Ix. 48; G.R. [94]. 7, 'fora long time
to come ' : ta.-u o Mm ghaug, ' he won't come for a long time ' ;
vy& o Mm 9mma ghaug ; — as subst. dim ifo bu:yd am ghaug etio.
ghaun, s.pL, sing, ghewnan, D., ' the hair at the end of the tail of
a cow, or of the mane or tail of a horse ' : ma na ha:d 'kakKi'mukKi
9n ghaun 9 vyu\, ' there is a burdock seed sticking to the cow's tail '.
ghavjad, ghaujad, s., rhawaid, O.P., ' spadeful, shovelful '.
ghedag, v., rhedeg, D. Fut. S. $.ghedi6 [ghe:d\ Imperative ghe:d,
gheda ' to run ' : ghedag ar v o:l, * to run after me '; ghedag vet 9
koblyn, * to run like mad ' ; mi redis nes om iwedikotyywynt, ' I ran
till I was out of breath ' ; — of water : /' bant 9 ghe:d 9 du:r (prov.).
' money goes where money is ' ; — fig. may t9laBa n ghedag ar hy:d
9 ru.-m a tgerustja ar le:d, ' " tylathau " run the length of the room and
" trawstiau " across ' ; — trans, rod i redag nu, ' a rod to run them
along ', e. g. rings ; may o wedi redag o, ' he has ousted him ' ; may
o wedi kayl i redag, ' he has been ousted ' or (in courting) ' he has
been jilted '.
ghedegog, adj., rhedegog, D., s.v. ' fluidus ' ; ' running ' : du:r
ghedegog, ' running water '.
ghedjad, s.m., rhediad, D., s.v. ' cursura ', ' cursus ' ; 'a run,
running ' : ghedjad 9 du:r, ' watershed '.
ghedur, s.m., rhedwr, D., s.v. ' cursor ' ; ' runner '.
ghedva, s.f., rhedfa, D. (i) ' running ' : ghedva du:r, ' watershed '.
(2) ' tendency to slip ', e. g. of a rock when the strata lie at an angle :
ma na vu:y o redva 'snynu.
rhedyn, s.pl., sing, ghedman, f., rhedyn, D., ( bracken ', also ' ferns '
in general : rhedyn maur, ' thick, high growth of bracken ' ; rhedyn
persli, ' parsley fern ' (Cryptogramme crispa) ; rhedyn kruzrduy,
' osmund royal ' (Osmunda regalis) ; rhedyn mo:r, ' coralline '
(Sertularia).
rhefyn, s.m., ^\.rhefmna, rheffyn, D., dim. v{rha:f, 'rope': rhefyn
pern baud, ' a rope°of hay or straw made by twisting it round the
thumb of the left hand ' \-pottal o we:[t wedi ghummo a rhefyn.
rhe:g, s.f., pi. gheg'veyb, rheg, D., ' curse '.
i, v., rhegu, D.; cf. rhegi, Yny Ihyfyr hwnn [2] 5, 'to
curse ' : rhegi a siykjo, ' to curse and swear ' ; also ghegi a djewljo,
used facetiously of cats ; ghegi vel ka:B, ' to swear like a trooper ' ;—
trans, rhc&i r Kefyl ; — t idi o dim gwerO i regi, 'it is not worth
swearing at '.
gheglyd, gheklyd, adj., rheglyd, R., 'given to swearing, cursing'.
ghegur, s.m., rhegwr, O.P., ' swearer, curser ' : 9 ghegur kmi'ra:ig
gora glu:is i eri'o:yd.
rhei (sometimes rei, especially when not stressed), rhai, D. (i)
460
rheinus — rhesog
adj.; ' some ', only in pi., rhei dan/on, ar reiadega. (2) pron., ' some,
ones ' : rhei o "honynu, ' some of them ' ; rheit0wyl, rhei gold, ' dark
ones, light ones ' ; dr y:n rhei, ' the same ones ' ; rhei ay kodi a rhei
dy gostun, ' some going up in the world and some going down ' ;
p reiP, ' which ? ' ; — rhei n, y rhai hyn, also frequently rhain,
cf. D.F. [vii.] 13, etc.; B.C. 28. 21, 'these, those': daxi wedi
darvod hevo rhei n /, ' have you finished with these ? ' ; rhei n a
rhei n, ' such and such people ' ; — rhei ni, y rhai hynny. °also fre-
quently rheini, cf. M.LI. i. 166. 26; B.C. 24. 7, 'these, those':
y:n o rhei ni, ' one of these '.
rheinus, rheinjus, s.m., ' lock-up '. — Browne Willis, ' A survey of
the Cathedral Church of Bangor and the Edifices belonging to it ',
London, 1721, p. 46, has the following : "Here was, hard by the
Cathedral Churchyard gate, not long since, an Hein-house or
Bishop's Gaol " (but this word is not to be found in the N.E.D.) —
The etymology usually proposed is ' round-house '.
rheiol, adj., rheiol, W.LI. xv. 5, Eng. royal ; ' splendid ' : mi riei&
d Iro: m rheiol (reiol\ ' it will do splendidly '.
rhe:x, s.f., pi. rhexod, rhech, D., ' crepitum ventris '.
rhexan, v., rhechain, D., ' pedo '. Ct.frutjan.
rhemp, s., rhemp, D., ' disgrace ' : may hi n rhemp ; — le fy>:8 kamp
ly:8 rhemp (prov.), ' where there is excelling there is depravity '.
rhempjo, rhempjan, v., rhempiaw, O.P., ' to speak evil of = slimjo.
Shent, s.m., pi. rhenti, rhent, D.G. cliv. 10; W.LI. xii. 36 ; D. ;
. 19. 16, 'rent'.
rheyk, s.f., pi. rheykja, rhenc, D. ; O.F. renc, 'row ': meunrheyk^
' in a row '.
rheykjo, v., rhengcio, D., ' to lay (hay) in windrows ' : hel 3 gwair
3n rhesi ar hy:d d ka:y.
rhe:s, s.f., pi. rhesi, rh6s, D., ' row ' : rhe:s o dattus, ' a row of
potatoes ' ; agor rhesi tattus, ' to prepare ground for potatoes by
digging furrows and laying down manure ' ; rhe:s o binna, ' row of
pins ' ; rhe:s wen, ' parting of the hair ' ; may nu n du:ad dn rhe:s
(of persons), ' they are flocking in crowds ', ' they are coming in a
continuous stream ' ; — mynd 9ny:n rhe:s.
rhesal, s.f., pi. rheseli, rhesel, D., ' rack above a manger for hay,
cratch ' ; kodi r rhesal arno vo = lit. rhoid lai o dan i dru:yn, ' to
give him less to° eat ' and fig. ' to keep a tighter hand over him '
UJ-).
rhesan, s.f., rhesen. (i) ' a single row '. (2) ' parting of the hair ',
also rhesan wen.
rhesog, adj., rhesog, ' ribbed ' (of sand) : tra:y6 rhesog.
ghesum — tfudil 461
ghesum, s.m., pi. rhwmma, rheswm, D. (i) ' reason ' : ghesum
dros neyd, ' a reason for doing ' ; mi6y ka:l rhcsum gmo vo, ' to get
nothing out of him ' ; dma r inig resum s gin i, l that is the only
reason I have ' ; dal pen ghesum (i ru:in), ' to make conversation
for some one, to entertain a person who bores one ' : / a: i byd mor
wirjon a dal pen ghesum i beBa vel hyn. (2) ' argument ' : rhesum
digon kry: ar 9 badl, ' a fairly strong argument with regard to the
matter in dispute '.
ghesy, v., rhesu, O.P., ' to place in rows '.
ghefad, s., rhesiad, O.P., ' row ' : ghefad o dai, o hoiljon, o hnjon.
ghefo, v., rhesiaw, O.P., ' to place in rows ' ; ghef'o tattus = agor
ghesi tattus.
ghe.-u, s.m., pi. gheuja, rhew, D. (i) ' frost ', i. e. 'a hard frost '
as distinguished from barig, ' hoar-frost '
abstract sense tmvyb ghe:u, ' frosty weather '
— also in a general or
may o r y: va:6 a rhe:u
9n r ha:, ( he throws a chill over everything . (2) ' ice ' : du:r wedi
ghewi n ha:yn o re:u arno vo, ' water with a film of ice over it '.
ghevry, v., rhefru, S.E., s.v. ' scold ' ; 'to scold ' — a stronger
term than durdjo or dondjo : rhevry ar gemnt ruba&.
rhewi, v., rhewi, D., ' to freeze ' (trans, and intr.), i. e. ' to freeze
hard ' as distinguished from brigo^ ' to freeze sufficiently to cause
hoar-frost ' : mi vy:d m rhewi heno, ' there will be a hard frost
to-night ' ; rhewi n firnig, * to freeze intensely ' ; a still stronger
term is \wipjo rhewi ; — rhewi n rhewjog \^hemjog\ ; — may n Mgon
o:yr i rewi kaQod, ' it is bitterly cold ' ; wedi kal rhewi 9 tra:yd,
' having the feet frozen ' ; may r dilad wedi rhewi y gorn, i the
clothes are frozen stiff' (i.e. on the clothes line)°.
rhewynt, s.m., rhewynt, D.G. Ixxii, 59, ' a freezing wind ' : a hiQa
n rhewi ag m ghewynt maur.
rheyadr, s.m., pi. rheyadra, rhaiadr, D. ; cf. raeadyr, R.B. 233. i,
'waterfall'. Also rhadar. (Seldom used.)
gheybys, adj., rheipus, D., s.v. ' rapax ' ; ' rapacious ' : peQa rheybys
m sbeiljo r devoid.
rhialtux, s.m., rhialtwch, D.P.O. 250. 4, 'jollification': rhialtu\
maur, rhialtu\ gwirjon.
rhibidire:s, adv., 'in a row' : du:ad w ribidi're:s\ also subst.,
* a rigmarole ' : mi dfydod o ribidi're:s. Also dibidi're:s.
rhibin, s., rhibin, O.P., 'row, single file': devaid m mynd m
rhibin ar o\or 9 mrnyb, 9 nai'l ar o:l 9 ja( ; — pobol 9n mynd m rhibin
tru le: ky:l ; — fig. arjan m mynd m rhibin ; — may o y gwarjo i bre:s
9n rhibin.— (O.H.)
rhidil, s.f., pi. rhid^a, rhidyll, D.G. liv. 17 ; ccxxxv. i ; D./ riddle,
sieve with a very large mesh ' = gogor rhidil. Cf. gogor. — Applied
ljo — rhimmin
462
to persons, ' one who cannot keep a secret ' : hem ridil ! ; r u:ti vel
rhidil ! — As adj. : may m by:r ridil, 'it is very ramshackle '.
rhidi]jo, dijjo, v., rhidyllio, B.C. 14. 25, ' to riddle, sieve ', also 'to
rid°dle with shot, etc/ — fig. of one who cannot keep a secret : diliB
hunna bo:b dim.
rhidul, in phrase dn wydt rhidul = m wydt weydwylf (O.H.), ' in
a towering rage '.
rhibin, s., rhuddin and rhudding, D., ' the heart of timber '. Cf.
gunnin.
rhibjon, rhzbjon, s.pl., rhuddion gwenith, D., ' bran ' : bara rhibjon,
1 bread made of wheat flour mixed with bran '.
rhieni, s.pl., rhieni, D., ' parents '.
rhigil, adj., rhugl, D., ' fluent ' : farad m rhigil.
rhigljur, s.m., (in slate quarries) ' the man who clears the rails of
the rubble which falls from the cars on the -way to the tomman '.
rhiglo (O.H.); rhigljo (J.J.), v., rhuglo, D., ' rutro csenum
auferre ' ; ' to scrape mud, etc., together ' : rhiglo 9 ba:u a r eira ar
dr o\or ; rhiglo f orb hevo rak.
rhiglo, rhigljo (?), v. ; cf. rhigoli, D., ' in fossulas vel sulcos cauare ',
' to make°a groove or furrow ', e. g. across a stone before breaking
it, or along the ground. Here seem to belong the phrases misdrBis
nes bybun i n rhiglo r beyar ; rhiglo ar d nhi:n, i. e. down a slope —
(O.H.).
rhiglon (O.H.) ; rhigljon (J.J.), s.pl., rhuglon, D., s.v. < strig-
mentum ' ; ' mud, etc., scraped together e.g. from a gutter ' : tomman
o riglon wedi hel i di:n klaub (O.H.).
rhigo, rhuygo, v., rhvvygo, D., ' to tear ' : plentyn dn rhigo ]yvr (but
dy:n dn tori dalan o lyvr k0unf] ; — fig. r 0:8 o n rhigo hi 7, ' he was
getting along in splendid style ! ' (e. g. of a preacher). Also wedi
rhuygo i gariktor (O.H.), ' to have ruined his character*.
rhigol, s.m., rhigol, D., 'a groove, trench, or cleft along the
ground or otherwise '.
rhigum, s., pi. rhigdmma, rhigwm, D., * series longa ', 'a refrain,
jumble of words, doggerel ' : dn rhdgny rhiu hem rigum, ( harping
continually on the same refrain ' ; wedi mynd dn rhigum gin baub,
* to have become a matter of common talk ' ; — expressing facility :
may o n rhegi n rhigum, ' he has a copious flow of invective ' ; —
medry deyd Keluyb dn rhigum ; — may o n ddsgy po:b pe:B 9n rhigum ;
— in threats : mi dd vala i di n rhigum ! ; mi gna: di n rhigum ylu !
—(All O.H.)
rhimmin, s.m., ' a narrow strip ' : riu rimmin main o di:r ; riu
he:n rimmin o ga:y ; rhimmin o vreByn ; merxaid o:yb m rhoi rhimmin
463
o gumpas i ggun (O.H.) ; %himmin dfyvin, * a V-shaped gutter '
^hinjog, s., rhiniog, D., 'threshold'.
ghinwab, s., rhinwedd, D., ' virtue ' ; ' power of healing ' : ma na
rinwato m * dail.
ghinwtbol, adj., rhinweddol, D., * virtuous ' ; ' endowed with heal-
ing powers ' : ma: r dail ma n
rhiyk, s., rhingc, D., * a continued low noise ' = turu tro:y[ ne
rubaB — riu duru gwan (O.H.). — In form riyky ' nagging '(Bangor).
rhiykas, s.f., ' a woman who keeps nagging or grumbling con-
tinually ' (O.H.).
rhiyKin, s.m., rhincyn, D. = rhingc; also D.F. 115. 7 ; G.O.
ii. 32. 12, 'a man who keeps nagging or grumbling continually ' :
ta:u r he:n riyKin hBrall (O.H.).
rhiykjan, rhiykjo, v., rhingcian and rhiccian, D. (i) * to grind'
(of the teeth) : paid a rhiykjan d) bannab arna i = grindgan,
kn'nfan. (2) 'to nag, grumble': rhiykjan o hy:d bod gormod m
mynd ; ghiykjo r y:n pe:6 o hy:d ; paid a rhiykjan r y:n pe:6 o hy:d 9
mawyd. (3) ' to walk unsteadily ' : rhiykjan Kerbad — dim m mynd
9n st^di (All O.H.). For the last meaning cf. C.C.M. 154. 24, ar
gyrrau m6r neu gr6 man | cair fo n rhoccian neu n rhiccian. Cf.
also rhoykjan^ ghokjan.
rhiykljo [riyglo].
rhiyklvd, adj., rhingclyd, ' given to nagging ' : tri:fe:6 -a'nyduyb —
ty: m^glyd, devni, gwmig rinklyd ^a'neduyd].
rhi:ol, s.f., pi. rhiola, rheol, D. (i) « rule ' : vel rhi:ol (g^fredin\
' as a rule ' ; bo:b m rhi:ol, ' in order, one by one '. (2) ' rule,
restraint, control ' : / oy:s na dim rhi:ol "arnynu.
rhioli, v., rheoli, D., ' to rule, restrain, control ' : rhioli i hy:n.
%hiolys, adj., rheolus, D.G. Iviii. 12; D., s.v. « moderatus ' ;
1 orderly, restrained '.
s., 'track of an animal', e.g. a sheep, mouse, etc.' (Not
known to O.H.)
rhipjo, v., Eng. (Dial.) rip [to work with energy], ' to do some-
thing in a hasty, imperfect way ' : rhipjo gneyd rubaB heb i or/an;
rhipjo trufo sanna, ghipjo paly — (O.H.).
rhi:sg; {hisgl (O.K.), s., rhisg and rhisgl, D., ' bark of trees ' (in
the aggregate).
rhisgin, rhisglin, s., rhisgyn and rhisglyn, D., 4 bark of a tree,
piece of bark '.
rhisgljo; rhisglo (O.K.), s., rhisglaw, O.P., 'to strip off bark'.
464
rhif'o — rhoi(d)
rhif'o, v., rhuso, D., but rhusio, s.v. f fugio '; B.C. 145. 10, 'to
frighten, take fright ' (of horses).
rhi:6, s., rhith, D. (i) 'outward form or appearance, sham':
rhi:B o grevyb, 'an outward show of religion' (cf. B.C. 31. 17);
ar ri:B be: o:d 3 bugan? ar ri:Q Ki: maur (O.H.), ' in what form was
the ghost ? ' 'In the form of a great dog '. (2) ' appearance of
truth, credibility ' : / o:ys na dim rhi:Q zn i stori o.
%hi6in, s., rhithyn, G.O. ii. 227. 23, 'appearance' : dim rhiQin o
wirjonab 9n i stori.
rhiBjo, v., rhithio, D., « to imagine ' : rhiBjo bod na rubaB heb ivo:d
(O.H.).
rhiBod, s.pl., 'small white slugs' (O.H.).
rhiu, s., pi. rhiuja, rhiw, D., s.v. ' clivum ', ' slope ' (seldom used).
rhiu, s., ' rue ' [r*0].
rhiu, riu, rhyw, D. (i) adj. ' some ' : os o:y$ riu Sru:g wedi rieyd,
' if some harm had been done ' ; gadal rhiu air ar o:l, ' to leave
some word out ' ; rhiu vora, ' on a certain morning ' ; rhiu vra:n 8y:
deydod uQa i, ' a little bird told me '. (2) adv. ' about ' : dusin o
warBag riu fovlujyd o:yd, ' a dozen cattle about two years old ' ; may
hi y gweyly n aru er s riu Say vi:st ' she has been growing very
infirm the last two months or so '.
rhiubob, s.m., ' rhubarb '.
"rhiumatis, s., ' rheumatism '. (Seldom used = knkmala.)
rhi:v, s.m., rhif, D., ' number ' : 3 rh'e't muya i rhi:v, ' the most
numerous ' ; 3 rhei li:a i rhi:v, ( the least numerous '.
rho:d^ s., rhod, D., ' rota ' : only in troiad 9 rho:d, ' solstice ',
generally ' summer solstice '.
rhodan, s., rhoden, O.P., ' a switch or whip of some pliable wood '.
(Cf. gwrodan, which is thicker and will not bend) — O.H.
rhodjanna, v., rhodienna, D., ' to stroll about aimlessly': rhodjanna
ar 9 sy:l ; gwa:g rodjanna.
rhodjo, v., rhodio, D., * to walk ' (with the idea of pleasure or
exercise implied) : may o wedi mynd i rodjo, ' he has gone for
a holiday '.
rhodras, s.m., rhodres, D., ' display, ostentation, arrogance ' : dy:n
o rodras maur jaun 9di o, ' he is a very bumptious fellow ' ; peidjux
a hel rhodras, d0u\ i r burb a byttux lond 9% bol, ' do not stand on
ceremony, come to the table and eat as much as you can '.
rhodresgar, adj., rhodresgar, D., ' fond of display and ostentation,
arrogant '.
rhoi(d), v., rhoddi and rhoi, D. Fut. S. i. rho:(y\ 2.rhot,
rhoi((I) — rhoxjad 465
rhoif, rhy:b. PI. i. r^hsrun, 2. rfawx, 3. gho:n. Imperf. S. r. rhvun,
2.rho:l, s.rho:. P. i. rherun, 2.rhmtx, 3- % ho:n, rhdytian. Pr< T
rhois, 2. rhois/t 3. £vfo:0. PI. i. rhb'ison, rhuiBon, 2. rhuisox, rhoiBox,
3. rhoison, /•//.;/#' •//.' Plup. S. i. rhot'sun, etc. Imperative S. 2. rho:,
dem>, doro. PI. 2. rh*ux, d0rux, dtrux. Pret. Pass. %hmid. (i) 'to
give ' : peidjux a rhoid Kimmint o vu:yd ito vo, l do not give him so
much food ' ; mi rot's i glamp o glystan i&o vo, ' I gave him a good
box on the ear ' ; heb roid durnod tt:gowai6, ' without doing a good
day's work ' ; roisitn i dim bottum korn am dano vo, ' I wouldn't give
a brass farthing for it ' ; rb'isun i 9 mewyd drosto vo, ' I would give my
life for him ' ; rhoid ar ru:in, ' to run down some one ' ; ghoibenOig,
1 to lend ' ; rhoi du:r i r arb, ' to water the garden '; rhoik9xuyn &o vo,
1 to egg him on ' ; {hoimoyQa irplentyn, ' to spoil the child '. ( 2) * to
put ' : rho: nu n van ma, ' put them here ' ; bary miosod 9 burb heb rot
dim ym fork arno vo, ' I laid the table without putting any forks on it ' ;
na i roi rh'e'i ni ?n t hod, ' I'll put these back ' ; rot's i Mm mo r
g)la6 arno vo, ' I didn't touch it with the knife ' ; rherux *r eda m *
mduyd, ' thread the needle ' ; rhoi s&idja am 9 trayd, ' to put boots
on ' ; rhoi ar laur, ' to put down ' (on the floor, or in a book), also
' to plant, put in the ground ' ; ^hoi a/y * to add ' : rtoux hunna atio
vo ; rhoi oat ar, * to blame ' ; rhoi du:r dros, ' to rinse ' ; rhoi du:r
or otherwise), also ' to wager ', e. g. rhoi Keinjog i laur ; rhoi ka:s
ar, ' to take a dislike to ' ; rhoi Keryb ar, ' to reprove ' ; rhoi klek ar
9 baud, ' to snap one's fingers ' ; rhoi klo: ar, ' to lock ' ; rhoi ko:sb
ar, 'to punish'; rhoi mi:n ar, 'to sharpen'; rhoi 9 pen at rubaQ,
* to set to work in earnest ' ; meQy rhoi i bi:g i veun, ' to fail to get
in a word edgeways ' ; rhoi pi sin mo vo, ' to do a bit ' ; rhoi rubaQ
m smind, ' to tie up something ' ; rhoi ta:n ar 3 lamp, ' to light the
lamp ' ; rhoi i dro:yd ?n 9 davarn, ' to set foot into the public-house ' ;
rhoi 9 tro:yd ar rubaB (fig.), ' to let bygones be bygones ' ; rhoid 9
by:d m i le:, " to settle the affairs of the nation ". (3) with am, ' to
call, name ' : be rent'xi: &m 'danynu ?, ' what do^« call them ? ' (4)
' to suppose (for the sake of argument) ', in such phrases as rherux
vod o n jaBan o hy:d, ' say (suppose) it is a yard long ' ; rherux bo xi
y kayl pynt am 'danynu, ' suppose you get a pound for them '.
(5) • to make something (into) ' : iroido m bymp, ' to make it five '.
v., rhoccian, C.C.M. 75. 20; 154. 24, 'to waddle like
a duck ' : rhokjan forbad. Cf. rhiykjan, rhonkjan*
rhokkos, s.pl., hoccys, D. (Bot.), Eng. hocks, ' mallows ' (Malva
silvestris).
rhoxi, v., rhochi, D., ' to grunt '. (Not known to O.H. =
rhoxjad, s.m., rhochiad, D., ' a grunt '. (Not known to O.H.)
1488
466 rholjo — rhu:d
rholjo, v., rholiaw, O.P., ' to roll ' (trans, and intr.), e. g. down a
slope ; rholjo gwla:n, ' to make wool into rollers '. Cf. p0uljo, r0uljo.
rholyn, s.m., pi. rholja, rholyn, T.N. 31. 10, 'a roller of wool '
(O°.H.) ; — rholyn o 8)>:n, ' a bulky, round-shaped fellow '.
rhoyk, s.f., rhonc, O.P. [A sway], ' a slight limp ' : ma na royk
arno vo (J.J. ; O.H.). Cf. hub, which implies a more pronounced
limp.
rhoyk, adj., ? Eng. rank, ' extreme, out-and-out ' : tort rhoyk, ' an
out-and-out Tory'; o:! r 0:8 o n rhoyk , 'Oh! it was terrible ',
speaking e. g. of some one in a passion.
rhoykjan, rhoykjo, v., rhoncian, O.P. [To sway] ; cf. honcian, D.,
' vacillare * ; 'to sway from side to side in walking, to waddle, to
jog ' : rhoykjan fardad, rhoykjan u6 gerbad ; — may hun a hun m
rhoykjo, e. g. from the effects of drink ; — ywi'.adanrhoykjo (all O.H.).
Cf. rhiykjan, rhokjan.
rhoykjog, adj., 'swaying, waddling' (O.H.).
rhoyklyd, adj., 'swaying, waddling' (J.J.; O.H.).
rho:s, s., pi. rhosyb, rhos, D., ' planities irrigua ' ; 'a dry, level
tract of land, more or less elevated ; gwair rho:s, ' rough mountain
hay'.
rho:s mari, s., rhos Mari, H.D., ' rosemary '.
rhostjo, v., rhostio, D., ' to roast '.
rhosyn, s.m., pi. rhosyns, rosts, rhos, sing, rhosyn, D. ; pi. rosys,
L.A. 66. 1 1 ; 93. 25, ' rose ' : koydan rosyns, ' rose-bush ' ; rhosyn
3 mmj>8, ' peony '.
rhaujog, adj., rhywiog, D. ; cf. rhowiog, G.R. 58. n. (i) 'easy
to deal with * ; ' courteous ' : dy:n rh0ujog, ' a man who is easy to
deal with', e.g. in making a bargain, — opp. to dy:n kalad ; — ti:r
rhaujog, ' land which is easy to cultivate ' ; — of slate, etc., ' suitable
for working ' ; — of potatoes, etc. = ?m berwi n haub ag m ssxjon.
(2) ' tender, sensitive to cold ' : byux r0ujog, ' a cow which is not
suitable for elevated places ' (but J.J. explained ludun rhmjog as
' a sheep ready for killing ' = &*)• (3) thewi n rhaujog, ' to freeze
hard ', implying calm weather. (All O.H.)
rh0uk, s.f., pi. rh0ukja, ' a sort of gutter running through a yard ' ;
rhmkdrol, 'cart rut'.— ( J.J. ; O.H.)
rh0ukjo, v., ' to jolt ' : ma: r he:n drol ma n rh0ukjo n aru (O.H.).
rh0wyr, adj., rhyhwyr, B.C. 100. 22, ' too late ' ; ' high time, fully
time ' : r o:y§ m rh0voyr i x* vynd, ' it was high time for you to go '.
rhubjo, v., rhwbio, St. Luke vi. i, ' to rub ' : barag rubjo, ' rubbing
stone ', pi. Kerig rhubjo.
rhu:d, s., rhwd, D. (i) ' rust ' : rhu:d heyarn, ' iron mould ' on
ghu:d — rhus/yr 467
linen. (2) 'haze, mist': rhu:d s)\!ur, 'dry weather haze in
summer '.
ghu:d, s.m., pi. fada, rwd mcsur, W.S. [A rodde], ' eight yards ' :
m fiyo ifur am r?da (O.H.).
%hudlan^ s.f., ' a woman given to gossiping '. Also rudlan.
rhudljo, rudljo, rudljan, ru/l/o, v., cf. rwdlio, M.F. ; Eng. (Dial.)
rootle [to turn up the ground with the snout as a pig or mole ; to
burrow, to make holes in the ground ; fig. to turn things over in
confusion], (i) 'to stir up, stir about, turn round and round':
muya n 9 by:d -rutljuxi ar 3 du:r, by Ira n 3 by:d e'iB o (E.J.), ' the
more you stir up water the dirtier it gets ' ; — rudljo r du:r (O.H.) ;
plant m rudljo n y du:r (O.H.); rhoi rubaB meun gogor a rhudljo vo
hevo r la:u (O.H.). (2) fig. 'to rake up': we[ i \i adal jpnyb i
streyon vel na; peidjux a rutljo -arnynu (E J.). (3) 'to keep harping
on the same subject ; to speak inconsequently ; to talk nonsense ' :
may o n rudljan r y:n pe:B o hy:d (E.J.) ; paid a rudljo farad = paid
a ponf'o (O.H.); be u:ii n i rudljo hi o hy:d? (4) 'to prattle* (ot
children beginning to talk) : may o n de\ra rudljan. — Cf. ruduL
rhufjo ; rufjo (O.H.), v., 'to jostle': pobol m rhufjo i &U& ; rufjo
•truytynU) rufjo mynd 3 mlayn.
rhuigjad, s.m., rhwygiad, D., s.v. * ruptio' ; ' rent, tear '.
rhummo, v., rhwymo, D., ' to bind ' : rhummo rubaB w 3 drain,
' to tie something to the thorns ' ; rhummo ry:d 3n sgyba^ ' to bind
the corn in sheaves ' ; pottal o we:U wedi rhummo a rhe/yn, ' a bundle
of straw bound with a rope ' ; rhummo r wal, ' to bind a wall ' (with
a stone extending from one side to the other) ; if'o rhummo ifen hi,
said of a girl who gets out of bounds ; — ' to be constipated ' : may
0 wedi rhummo.
rhuy (rarely rfa'y), prep, rhwng, D. With pronouns. S. i.
rfoyBa (/), rhmBa (i). 2. •rfoy6a/(i), 'rhmQat(i). 3. rtoyBo (vo\ rfonBo
(vo), rhuyBo (vo) ; rtoyBi (hi), etc. PI. i. 'rfay6on(i), 'rhmBon(i),
•rhuyBon(i). 2. 'jflpyOoxfyt 'rh9n6o\(i). 3. 'rtoyByn(u\ 'r^n0yn(u),
-rhuyByn(u) ; also°S. \.rh9-ya i. 2. 'rfoyat(i), eic. — Followed by the
radical, ' between ' : may na dippin o mraval rfayBi a i braud^ ' she
and her brother are not on very good terms with one another ' :
may rhiu Saint rhmBo vo a vo:, 'there is no love lost between
them ' ; may o rhuy day vebul, ' he cannot make up his mind ' ; T
zdani rhuy day ola, ' it is twilight '.
rhuyk, s.m., rhwngc, D., ' death rattle '.
rhustro, rhuysiro, v., rhwystro, D., ' to prevent; inconvenience ' :
mi geif i vy:d garu i rustro vo, ' I had great difficulty in pre-
venting him ' ; r^hustro vo i neyd, ' to prevent him from doing ' ; ?du
1 wedi du:ad i x rhustro x1 -p> ' am I inconveniencing you ? '
rhuslyr, rhuy sty r, s., rhwystr, D., ' hindrance, impediment ' :
H h 2
468 rhutrud—rhy:§
may hun dn rhusiyr 180 vo vynd dn i o:l ; kokkyn rhustyr, 'stum-
bling-block, obstacle ' ; ' contentious person ' \kokkyn\ ; muya bry:s
muya rhustyr, « more haste less speed '.
rhutrud, rhutrus, s., ' small pimples, rash ' : kodi n rhufrus truybo
vo\O.H.), °to be all over pimples'.
rhutfo \rutfo\.
rhu:yd> s.f., pi. rhuidi, rhuyda, rhwyd, D., ' net ' : rhuyd benwaig,
4 herring-net ' ; — rhu:yd ynfon ; — rhuyd buy/on ; — rhuyd driflig ;
rhuyd boljon, ' net set on poles, pock-net ' ; rhuyd set, ' casting-net ' ;
rhuyd slymps, ( shrimping net ' ; — may hunnu n 3 rhuyd, ' he has
been caught '.
rhuydo, v., rhwydo, D. (i) 'to net* : rhuydo gwniyod. (2) fig.
' to ensnare '.
rhu:yb, adj., rhwydd, D., ' free ' as regards movement, etc., gulun
i hy:n m rhu:y§, ' to leave oneself free use of the limbs ' ; may x
tavod m rhuybax, ' your tongue is freer ', ' you are more fluent ' ;
gwni:o dn rhuyb, ' to sew loosely ' ; rhoi n rhuyb, ' to give freely '.
rhu:yg, s.m., rhwyg, D., ' rent, tear ' : d^mma he:n ru:yg ka:s ! ; —
fig. : ma: rhu:yg ar i gariktor o, ' his character is ruined ' (O.H.).
rhuylog, adj., rhwyllog, D., 'perforated with holes': may po:b
rhuyd dn rhuylog ; may ny:0 bjogan dn rhuylog ; may r ty: wedi
mynd m rhuylog jaun.
rhu:ym, adj., rhwym, Gen. xxxix. 20. (i) 'bound' — more
commonly s0und. (2) in fig. sense : dn rhu:ym i la:u, f much
tied '. (3) ' constipated '.
rhuymyn, rhummyn, s.m., rhwymyn, D., s.v. { ligamen ' ; c binding,
ligature ' ; ' tie ' round sheaves ; ' cord round the neck of a cow ' ;
' baby's binder ' (cf. D., s.v. ' fascia ').
rhu:yv, s.f., pi. rhuyva, rhwyf, D., 'oar' : pal rhu:yv, 'blade of
an oar '.
rhuyvo, v., rhwyfo, D., ' to row ' : rhuyvo i vreixja, ' to swing the
arms about' while walking, etc. (cf. W.B. col. 94. 17 rwyuaw y
ureicheu).
rhy:t adv., rhy, D., ' too ' : rhy: del, rhy: vaur.
rhy:ad, s.m., rhuad, D., ' roaring, bellowing ' : rhy.ad taru.
rhy:d, s., pi. rfada, rhyd, D., 'ford'.
rhy:8, adj., rhydd, D., ' free ' (not captive) ; * loose ' : rhy:$ idavod,
' ready with the tongue ' ; dn rhy:b hevo i gitid, ' on familiar terms
with one another ' ; ddi r daint dn bigon rhy:b i dmny ?, ' is the tooth
loose^ enough to pull out ? ' ; sglatfan wedi du:ad dn rhy:§, ' a loose
slate ' ; — also 'loose ' of the bowels : rhaid i x* gadu x korfm rhy:$.
469
t, s., ' sheer precipice ' : syrBjo dros 9 rhybaff (O.H.).
fhy:gt s., rhJg,D., 'rye'.
£hy:\, s., pi. %fa\a, rhych, D. (i) * water-furrow ', i.e. 'the
depression on each side of a " land " (Kcvri) in a ploughed field ' :
kadu r %hy:x 9n lam ghag i r gwtniQ voti; — mt6y kayl rhy:\ na \evn
arno, ' to be unable to make head or tail of him ' ; similarly / o:s na
dim ghy:x na gwe:(t ar ?x stori \i. (2) c the furrow in which potatoes
are laid ' : %hy:\ o dattus ; ghy:x 9 ght:s. (3) fig. ' wrinkle ' : wedi
mynd i £il& nes may r kgoyn w £aA, a %h9\a a kuisiarno vo, ' shrunk
so that the skin is slack, wrinkled and furrowed '.
%hy:o, v., rhuo, D. ( i ) ' to roar, bellow ' ; paid li a rhy:o = grieyd
riu hen sn:n brunt. (2) 'to jabber* (with no idea of shouting
implied), I.W.
rhy:s, s.m., ? Rhys (proper name), ir slate quarries ' a large
mallet with a wooden handle and an iron head used to break a
block (£////) of slate '. A groove is cut across the grain as the block
stands on one of its edges ; the block is then turned on to its opposite
edge, and when struck with the %hy:s immediately above the groove
the block usually breaks straight across. This operation is called
torjad 9 rhy:s.
rhy6ro, v., rhuthro, D. (i) 'to rush' = hQry. (2) ' to run in
a menacing manner ', e. g. of a bull or cow.
rhyBrog, adj., rhuthrawg, O.P., ' inclined to run at one in a
menacing manner ' : taru rhydrog.
rhy&wynt, s.m., rhuthrwynt, ' a furious wind ' such as comes
through a mountain pass.
rtobity'o, v., rhybuddio, D., 'to warn'.
rhsbyb, s.m., rhybudd, D., ' warning '.
rhzdlyd, adj., rhydlyd, D., ' rusty '.
rtody, v., rhydu, D., ' to rust '.
rhtiid, s.m., rhyddid, D., ' freedom ' : may r Ki: y kayl i rtiid i
vynd i bo:b man, ' they let the dog go where he likes '.
rfodni, s.m., rhyddni, ' diarrhoea '.
rfagny, v., rhygnu, D. (i) 'to rub, chafe, scrape': rfogny
troyd, * to scrape the foot ' (along the floor) ; may x gwi-'sg X* n
rhtgny, ' your dress is dragging ' ; — paid a rfogny d? dt'lad m 9 kal\
na ; — rhsgny fexan hevo hbylan (and so spoil the surface for writing) ;
— paid a rfogny r pa:ynt ; ma: r phntyn 9n rhzgny gid a r ko:yd, gid
a r dodran, ' the child is walking by dragging his hands along the
top of the table, the furniture, etc/ (2) ' to harp upon, to keep
nagging ' : rh?gny ry:n pe:B ; rfagny riu he:n rigum.
rh9xur, s.m., ? rhychor, D., ' Paris bourn fortior qui in sulco
trahit ' : rfaxur o weidjur, ' a good workman ' ; — used also of a
470
— sad
masterful man : may hun an hem rz\ur (O.H.). — Cf. rhychor, G.O. ii.
173. 31; T.N. 24. 36.
rfoxy, v., rhychu, O.P. (i) 'to wrinkle', e.g. of the face (J.J.).
(2) Inay 3 rhy:x hevo r arad wedi redig (O.H.). (3) as a threat with
no definite meaning : mi dz r9\a i di = mi gorfenna i di (O.H.).
rhmjon, s.pl., rhynion, D., ' oats cleared of the husks but not
ground ' : yud rhmjon, ' porridge made of coarse oatmeal ' ; — bara
rhmjon, cf. K.H. 26. 22; — may o vel rhdnjon meun rhidil, said of
one who cannot keep a secret (O.H.).
rhmfyd, adj., rhynllyd, P.G.G. 153. 5, ' sensitive to the cold '.
rhmny, v., rhynnu, D., 'to be very cold* (of persons).
rhzslau, s.m., ' pouring rain ' = horslau (I.W.).
rhdszmmy, v., rhesymmu, D., s.v. ' ratiocinor ' ; ' to argue '.
rhzBy, v., rhythu, M.LI. i. 1 76. 29, * to stare ' : be u:ti n rh6y arna
//(O.K.). — also rfoBy Igada.
rhwad, adj., rhyfedd, D., ' wonderful, extraordinary, odd, funny ' :
pe:6 rhwab vod o wedi mynd, ' it is strange that he has gone ' ; may
11 edrax dn rhmab, ' it looks odd ' ; dma r he:n 8y:n rhmefta welis i
erro:yd, ( that is the oddest old man I ever saw '.
rhdval, s.m.f., pi. rhzvelob, rhyfel, D., ' war '.
rfoveftod, s., rhyfeddod, D., ' wonder ' : o bo:b rhwebod!, ' wonder-
ful to relate ! ' ; may n o:yr digon o rmebod, ' it is extremely cold '.
rhmeftol, adj., rhyfeddol, D., s.v. ' mirabilis ' ; ' wonderful, extra-
ordinary ' : r (?:8 o n wydyn rweftol.
rhzveby, v., rhyfeddu, D., ' to wonder '.
rhwig, s., rhyfyg, D., ' presumption '.
favzgy, v.,rhyfygu,D., 'to be presumptuous, to tempt Providence* :
r u:ti n mynd i herig u6 rw9gy ; r u:ti n rhsvsgy n avnaduy u6 lynd
i berig vel na.
s, (i) sometimes for ' sy, sydd ', as be s ant if'o?, ' beth sydd arnat
ei eisieu'. (2) for ' nid oes ', as s gin i dim by:d, 'nid oes genyf
ddim byd '. (3) for ' ys ' in er s, ar s, as — er ys, ' since '. (4) for
*ni 's, nis', i.e. ' ni ' + infixed pronoun, before gun as s gun i n 9
by:d, 'I don't know at all' ; as gun i bed, ' and what not '.
sa:, s., saf, O.P., ' stamina ' : / o:ys dim sa: arno vo.
C.C.M. 334. 18;
firm ' still exists in
-^
sad, adj., comp. satta*,, sad, W.S. [Sadde] ;
W.LI, xxviii. 37 ; Eng. sad [the sense ' solid ', '
sadjo — sai6 4 7 1
Sc. and Northern Dialects ; cf. also ' sad bread '], ' firm, steady ' :
may r sgidja ma n dal 9x fayd ** sattax / — ^hffux 9 garag na n sad
ne mi dry:b ; — baxgan sad, * a steady fellow '.
sadjo, v., sadiaw, O.P. (i) ' to make firm ' ; ' become firm '. (2)
' to thicken ' : ga'deux ' r yud sadjo. (3) ' to become staid ' (as
regards character).
sadruyb, s.m., sadrwydd, R., 'firmness, reliability': ma na
sadruyb 9no vo, mi vedri di g9mmyd i air o.
sadurn, sadun, pK sadtrna, Sadwrn : dy sadurn, dy sadun, ' Satur-
day ' ; feyad sadurn ga:s &in loyur, i. e. because he does not wish to
sail till the beginning of the next week ; ar 9 sadurn, ' on Saturdays ';
cf. ar 9 sy:l.
sa:f, adj., safF, T.N. 175. 22, 'safe': landjo n sa:f, 'to land
safely ' ; may n safax i mi godi pen befra i rhak ovn i mi g?sgy fan
hannar dy:b, ' it is safer for me to get up when I wake tor fear I
sleep till midday ' ; Kin safad a mo:d i, mor wi:r a mo:d i meun bo:d,
' as sure as I am alive '.
safrum, s.m., saffrwm, W.S. ; D. [' saffron '], as term of reproach :
ta:u r hem safrum gwirjon (O.H.).
sagjo, fagjo, v., sagiaw, O.P. [to close up, to choke], in the exp.
sagjo bytta, ' to eat hurriedly ' (O.H.).
sagjo, fagjo, v., siaggio, W.S. [Jagge], 'to hack about': sagjo
rubaQ a neyd o n y:n rhafa, ' to hack something into a mass of
shreds or tatters ' (O.H.) = sagmagjo.
sagjo, sakjo, v., Eng. sack, ' to turn off', ' to give the " sack " ' .
sagmagjo, sagwigjo, v., cf. sagwigio, M.F., ' to hack about ', ' to
bend in all sorts of ways ' : be u:ti n sagmagjo r dorQ / / sagwigjo
ko:yd hevo he:n wy:aU sa:l heb vi:n arm hi ; — also of persons : mi
sagmagis i o.
sail, s.f., pi. seilja, sail, D., ' foundation, grounds ' : V9 sail i dros
deyf hyn zdi . . ., ' my grounds for saying this are . . .' ; dim seilja ibim
by:d may nu n i beyd. Qnly fig. ; cf. sylvan.
saim, s.m., saim, D. ; O.F., sain, saim; Eng. (Dial.) saim,
' grease ' : hiro sgidja a saim, ' to grease boots ' ; — fig. s na i bim
iffo d? saim di, ' I don't want any of your flattering speeches ' ; may
o m i saim, ' he is drunk '.
sain, s.f., pi. seinja, sain, D., ' (musical) sound ' : / o:ys na dim sain
kany gmo vo.
saint, s.m., pi. seintja, sant, D. ; cf. saint, L.G.C. 412 [21],
' saint ' : Kin sobrad a saint, ' as sober as a judge '.
sais, s.m., pi. seyson, Sais, D., ' Englishman '.
said, s. and adj., saith, D., ' seven '. Takes the vocalic mutation
472 sa:x — sarn
in the case of k, p and /, — otherwise the radical : saiB geinjog, said
ben, saiQ dro:, — said durnod.
sa:x, s.m.f., pi. saxa, sach, D., 'sack': prmny ka:B meun sa:x
(= ku:d) (prov.), ' to buy a pig in a poke ' ; os kregin vy:d m? sa:x,
kregin 8a:u alan, bobolba:x (prov.), ' one can only expect a grunt from
a°pig' ; sa:x o dy:n = dy:n truybo dra:u, dy:n kry: (O.H.); — cf. ku:d
o hogyn ; — as measure for corn sa:x = u:y6 gabznnad.
saxad, s.m.f., sached, G.R. [112] 5 ; sachaid, O.P., 'sackful '; —
as measure = u:y& grimnad (o y:d\ x^e: tobmnad pen 9 Kibin (p
dattus), i.e. 244 Ibs. (wheat), 224 Ibs. (potatoes) = hobad (O.H.).
saxlan, s., pi. saxlenni, ? sachlen, Gen. xxxvii. 34, a measure:
sa~xlan o we:lt, ' as much straw as a man can gather up and carry on
his shoulders' — about loolbs. = du:y lottal (O.H.).
sa:l, adj., pi. seiljon, salw and sal, D. (i) ' ill ' = gwayl, — tendjo
pobol sa:l, * to nurse patients ' ; r oydun i n sad pey glyun i lais o,
' it made me ill to hear his voice ' ; Kin salad a \i: (ar o:l ka:l kuru\
cf. e as sick as a dog ' ; r 0:8 o n sad if'o mynd, ' he was pining to
go '. (2) ( poor, of poor quality ' : may o ny:n sad i vytta, ' he is
a poor eater ' ; — dy:n sad am weiQjo ; — loy sad ;— Kerig seiljon, etc. ;
— Kin salad a i gikjo, said of work of poor quality. (3) ' mean ' :
mi na:6 he:n dro: sad a mi, ' he played me a dirty trick '.
•salari, s.m., ' celery '.
salimandar, s., Eng. salamander, ' clinker, adhesive mass of coal
products such as obstruct the nozzle of a smith's bellows ' ; — as
term of reproach : ta:u r he:n salimandar / — (O.H.)
saltan, saltar, s.f., in the exp. saltan halan, ' salt-cellar '.
salux, s.m., salwch, ' illness ' ; ' meanness '.
samon, s.m., pi. samons,' salmon '.
say, s., sang, D., ' pressura* ; in the phrase dan say '(cf. D. s.v.
* fartim ') : r o:d 2 le: n laun dan i say (?y ^aun dyn dop say), ' the
place was crowded '.
sayy, v., cf. sengi, D., ' to tread, tread on ' : sayy ar slaur ;—y:n
o r ?nerxaid harba sayoS esgid rro.yd, ( one of the prettiest young
women that ever trod on neat's leather'; — mi say a i dan 9 nrhoyd ;
— sayy r gweltglas.
sarf, s., sarph, D., ' serpent ' : Kiy galad a sarf, ' as wise as a
serpent 3 ; sarf o 8y:n, ' a cunning man '.
sang; also ssrig (O.H.), adj., sarrug, D., 'gruff, surly, churlish'.
sarn, s., pi. sarna, sarn, D. (i) 'something trampled upon ', in
the phrase mi hmma i di n sarn (= mi gna: i di n sarn) o dan 3
nrhoyd, 'I will trample you under foot' (O.H.). (2) 'causeway'.
(3) in pi. ' stepping-stones '.
s arny — sba\ur 473
saniy, v., sarnu, D., s.v. « persterno ' ; 'to trample upon ' : dmjon
m sarny i gilib ; — mi sarna i di I (threat), O.K.
safnn, s.f., sessiwn, W.S. ; B.C. 120. 27, 'session ' : mor bnsyr
a leili meun saf'un, ' as busy as a sheriff's officer in a law-court ' ;
— also, an annual Methodist congress so called.
saBry, v., sathru, D., ' to tread, trample ' : mi saBrob ar 9 garag ;
— saBry ar Mjad ru:in ; — saBry ar i gum/on, ' to tread on his coat-
tails, to offend '.
sau/, sawl, D. (i) pron. with the article, 'he (who), such (as) ',
occurs only in proverbs, etc., as 9 saul a vy: a u:yr 9 van, implying
' you have been there, so you ought to know ', * there's nothing like
experience ' ; — 9 saul sy wedi eni i ro:l ba:u o by:B i bym Keinjogt
* he who is born to be poor will never grow rich '. (2) as adj.
' how many ? ' = pa sawl ? : saul gwaiB S, ' how many times ? '
savjo, v., safio, C.L.C. iv. 26. 7 ; T.N. 88. 25, 'to save' (in all
senses).
savla, s.f., safle, O.P., ' position ' : may gmo vo savla &7/, savla
savn, s.f., pi. savna, safn, D., ' mouth ',< — a coarse expression when
applied to human beings, e.g. kay da savn! ; — mi ro: i dzsan bo:y&
m d) savn di, Til make you stop your noise ' (O.H.).
savndrum, adj., safn-drwm, Exod. iv. 10, 'not fluent, slow of
speech, indistinct in utterance ' : pitti garu vo:d o mor savndrum
(O.H.).
savnjo, v., ' to devour ' : savnjopo:b dim &ei& o aval mo vo (O.H.).
savon, s.f., pi. savona, safon. (i) ' station, position in life '. (2)
' standard, criterion ' : /' varny o uB * savon yna ; — uB ba: savon da\i
n i varny of (A book-word of unknown origin, but frequently
used.)
sawyr, s.f., sawr, D., ' smell, savour, smack' : sawyr&ru:g, sawyr
drom ; — sawyr rhe:u, barig.
sa:yds, saitf, s.pl., saeds, Yny Ihyvyr hwnn [9]; W.S.; D. (Bot.)
s.v. • chwerwlys yr eithin ' ; saets, D., s.v. ' saluia ' ; ' sage ' ; sa:yds
gwy:[t — \urlas 3r ei'Oin, ' wood sage ' (Teucrium Scordium).
sayr, s.m., pi. seiri, saer, D., ' carpenter ' : sa:yr ma.yn, ' mason ',
pi. seiri meini.
sa:j6, s.m., pi. seyBa, saeth, D., ' arrow ' : Kin szBad a sa:yB, ' as
straight as an arrow ' ; a:B m sa:yB i mi\ f it went through my he^rt '
(fig.) ; so also mynd m sa:\B i x kalon ; — sa:yB weyu, ' a sudden
shooting pain ' ; y:n m sa:yB weyu i r fa£ =.y:n m ka:yl kam 9n
holol gin ara^ a vemta wedi deyd 'an'wirab.
sbaxur, s.m., ysbachwr, ' one who snatches greedily, claws every-
thing for himself.
474 sbaxy — sbetrus
sbaxy, v., ysbachu, O.P., ' to snatch greedily, clutch ' : m sbaxy *
kubul ido i hy:n.
sbanjars, Eng. Spaniards, blak sbanjars!, term of reproach (E.J.).
sba:r, s., pi. sbarjon, Eng. spare ; ' something left over ' ; (in
pi.) ' sparings, leavings ' : sba:r o rubaB : — gadal rubaB m sba:r
(e. g. of food) ; — may gin i digon i vynd i lerpul a tippin an sba:r
wedyn ; — as adv. : farad m sba:r, ' to speak beside the mark ' :
8eyd lol, rudljan.
sbaraitf, s.pl., sing, sbrisin, m., ' parallel beams which support a
roof on each side, and meet each other at the apex '.
sbarblis, s.pl., sing, sbarblan, f., ' sparables, sparrow-bills ', i. e.
' nails driven into the soles of shoes ' : pibo sbarblis.
sbardyn, sbdrdyn, s.m., pi. sbardwa, sb3rdma, yspardun, D. ; cf.
also R.B. 9. 12 ; D.G. civ. 39, 'spur'; ' spur of a cock': rhoi
sbartfyn mi hi, ' to jog her along ', said e. g. of a girl who is slow in
her movements.
sbardzny, v., cf. ysparduno, D., ' to spur '.
sbarjo, v., yspario, W.S. ; spario, M.LI. i. 204. 2. (i) ' to spare ' :
•vedruxi sbarjo y:n ? / — / ddi mhen dim zn sbarjo dim ar 9 nrha:yd,
' my head does not spare my feet ', i. e. 'I keep forgetting things '. ,
(2) 'to save, prevent ' : sbarjo mynd a bu;yd i vzny 'attynu. (3) ' to
save, lay by ' : wa:yQ i xi S^nJ°S 'sbarjuxi na Keinjog 'm'luxi, ' a
penny saved is a penny gained '.
sbatf, s., Eng. dispatch : rhvux sbatfarno vo, 'hurry up with it'.
sbaud^ s.f., yspawd, D., ' shoulder ' (of animals), especially of
sheep ; also of pigs (O.H.). [J.J. did not know this word.] In
sense ' shoulder of mutton ' long since obsolete (O.H.).
sbayn, Yspaen ; L.A. 95. 9, ' Spain '.: vel heyarn sba:yn o galad,
1 as hard as Spanish steel ', said of one who cannot be turned from
his purpose.
sbedan, v., ? diaspedain, D., ' clamitare, vociferari, concrepare ' ;
' to resound ' : r 0:8 o y gwe&i nes 0:8 po:b man 3n sbedan.
sbedy, v., Eng. gibbet, (i) 'to hang and expose on the gallows,
to gibbet '. [The last case in which this sentence was carried out
is said to have been that of ' Morus Ty Sglatars ' — by the side of
the road, a short distance from Aber.] Cf. Nid yw crogi a sibedu
am ych Drygu yn talu iddo'n iawn. B., ? 1750 — Jonathan
Hughes. (2) 'to root out ' : sbedy nu o r wla:d.
sbeiljo, v., speilio, W.S. [Spoyle, robbe], yspeilio, D., s.v. ' spolio ' ;
cf. D.G. Ixxxviii. 38, ' to despoil '.
sbeirus, s.pl., Eng. sparrows : sbetrus 9 mo:r, ' (?) dunlins '
(Tringa Alpina).
sbHitjo — sbo:ks 475
sbe'itjo, v., ysbeitio, T.N. 157. 24, Kng. spite, (i) 'to speak
spitefully'. (2) ' to make fun of, by mimicry or otherwise': wa:y6&in
i vain/ nc'iQ o sbeiljo arna i, t )di hi Mm 9m mhary dim arna t, ' he
can make as much fun of me as he likes, it doesn't do me any
harm ' ; pufjan sbe'itjo = sbeitjo n xwerBinfyd.
sbekjan, sbekjo, v., ' to spy out '.
sbektol, s.f., special, W.S. [Spectacles] ; yspectal, DM s.v. * con-
spicilium ', 'specular'; spectol, B.C. 32. 3. 9, ' spectacles'.
sbel, s.f., Eng. spell, ' a space of time ; a turn at work ; interval
of relief from work, etc.' : er s sbel vaur ; dal ar hy:d 9 lo:n sbel ;
mi a:ni sbel etto lok ; we[ i ti gal sbel ru:an.
sbena, v., to subpoena ' (W.I I.).
sbens, sbenfy s.f., Eng. spense, ' cupboard under a staircase '.
sbeyglas, s.f., Eng. spying-glass ; cf. spienddrych, B.C. 5. 4,
' telescope '.
sbera, v., cf. swpery, W.S. [Soupe], swpperu, i Cor. xi. 25, ' to
have supper ; to give supper : da\i wedi sbera /, * have you had
supper ? ; have you given (the animals) their supper ? ' ; sbera )
gwarQag.
}. (i) ' spiteful '. (2) 'in a mocking, derisive manner ':
hem bufsbeytlyd [pu/].
sbinagl, s.m., yspinag, D., s.v. ' cynanche ' ; yspinagl, s.v.
' synanche ' ; ' quinsy '.
sbinjo, v., disbinio, D., ' despoliare ' : sbinjo penwatg o r rhu.yd,
' to take herrings out of the net, pull them from the meshes ' ;
sbinjo rhuidi, ' to take fish out of nets ' — (O.H.).
sbi:o, v., spio, W.S. [Spye], espio, W.S. [Espye], yspio, D. ; cf.
D.G. clxxi. 27, 'to look ' : sbi:ux-f, ' look ! ' ; sbi:a y guderbyn a d?
druyn, c look straight in front of you ' ; sbi:o arno vo, * to look at
him ' ; sbi:o n sobor, ' to look severe '. Cf. edra\.
sbi:ur, s.m., spiwyr (pi.), Gen. xlii. 9 [spy], ' spectator '.
sbjany \\bjany\.
sblabrjo, v., Eng. blather ; ' to talk nonsense ' ; also sblabrjo
(Bangor).
sbloit, s.m., Eng. exploit ; cf. Dial, sploit [An exploit ;^a trick ; a
joke], Sc. (i) 'rejoicing, function, demonstration, fete'' : r 0:8 na
sbloit garu ?no. (2) ' lun ' : mi 'g0usonu sbloit garu, ' they had
great iun '.
sbo:ks, s.pl., sing, sboksan, f., ' spokes = edyn [adan\.
476 sbon(d) — slrddol
sbon(d\ adj., Eng. spon, p. part, of spin : neivyb sbon(d), ' bran
new '. Also newyft sbon danli (grai). Cf. Eng. ' bran span new '.
sbondjo, v., Eng. expand, ' a game played with buttons (or marbles)
between two persons. Each stands at a certain fixed spot and throws
a button against a wall. If the first competitor can reach the two
buttons by expanding his finger and thumb, he wins the button '.
sbonjad, s.m., exponyat, G.C. 1 10. 3 ; esponiad, D., 'explanation'.
sbonjo, v., cf. esponi, D., ' to explain, expound '.
sboyk, s.f., ysbongc, D., ' ictus, pulsus, verber ' ; cf. Eng. (Dial.)
spank [A leap, a bound], Sc. Lane, (i) 'jump': dgak sbonk,
' grasshopper ' ; mi a:B hunna ar sboyk, ' he went suddenly, at a
bound '. (2) ' splash ' : gneyd sboyk vaur.
sboykjo, v., ysbongcio, D., s.v. ' palpito ', 'vibro*. (i) 'to move
forward in a series of jumps ' : \wannan m sboykjo ; also ' to jump ',
e.g. for joy, anger, etc. ; ' to gush out ' : gwa:yd an sboykjo. (2)
' to splash ' : sboykjo du:r am i ben, ' to splash water over him '.
sboykjur, s., ysbongciwr : robin sboykjur, ' grasshopper '.
sbort, s.f., ysport, C.C.M. 163. 12 ; W.S. [Sporte], 'fun' : dyka:yl
sbort am 2 mhenni, ' to make fun of me ' ; gneyd sbort, ' to make
merry ' ; ka:yl sbort hevo vo, ' to have some fun with him ' ; mi a: i
3no ag mi dora i ar d sbort, ' I'll go and spoil the fun '.
sbotjog, adj., ' spotty ' = smotjog.
sbottyn, s.m., pi. sbotja, ' spot ' = smoltyn.
stout, s.m. (i) ' spout '. (2) ' lip of a horse ' = gwevl. (J.J. and
others, but unknown to O.H.)
sbranyt sbroni, v., 'to refuse* (of food). Used especially of
animals, but also of persons : paid a sbrany da vu:yd, bytta r kubul
(O.H.).
sbre:tf, sbre:ds, s.pl., yspred, D., ' rejicula, reiectanea ' ; ' riff-raff,
lowest dregs of the population ' : ma: nu ny:n j^://"(O.H.).
sbriksin, s.m., ysbrigyn, D., ' insitum ' ; ' sprig, slip for planting '.
sbriy, s.f., ' spring ' (of water) : sbriy gre: ; — ' spring-tide ' : ar
gevn sbriy ^ ' at spring-tide '.
sbn'yljoj v., ? Eng. sprinkle, ' to spurt ' : 9 gwa:yd an sbriyljo
arno vo.
sbrisin \sbarailf\.
sbradjad, s., ysbrydiaeth, O.P., ' inspiration, spirit ' : ma na riu
sbrddjaQ 2no vo am bed (O.H.), ' there is a natural tendency (either
good or evil) in him towards something '.
sbradol, adj., ysprydol, D. (i) ' lively, in good spirits' : dy:nja:x
sbndol. (2) ' spiritual ' : 9 by:d sbrzdol.
sbuiljo — seisnigat 477
sbm'ljo, v., sbwylio, C.L.C. ii. 22. 1 8, 'to spoil ' = drueQa. Cf.
sbeiljo.
sbundg< s.m., ' sponge '.
sbundgo, v., ' to sponge '.
sburjal, s.m., ysbwrial, D., ' rubbish, waste ', e. g. from a quarry
= 6a:u, wa:st\ — also a term of contempt.
sfobjo, v., cf. sybwbiaw, O.P., 'to crease, put out of shape',
e. g. sb)bjo het.
sbdy, v., dyhysbydclu, disbyddu, D., ' to drain ; to bale out
(water from a boat) ' : sbsdy fyn, ' to drain a pool ' ; sb)dy iebot, ' to
drain a tea-pot ' ; da\i wedi sbsdy y du:r i &i:d afan o r finnon ? ;
sfady ku:\ ; bukkad, pisar sfody ; — fig. ' to run dry ' (of a speaker).
sfardyn [sbardyri],
sebon, s.m., sebon, D., ' soap ' : kalan o sebon, ' a bar of soap '.
sebom\ v., seboni, D., ' to soap ; to flatter '.
sebonlyd, adj., sebonllyd, D., ' soapy ' : du:r sebonfyd.
segyr, adj., segur, D., ' idle '.
segyro, segyra, v., segura, D., ' to be idle ' : segyro gweiOjo, ' to
work in a half-hearted way '
seiat, s.f., pi. seiada, societ, T.N. 444 . 34, Eng. society, (among
Nonconformists) 'a week-night devotional service reserved to
communicants or full members '.
seibjant, s., seibiant, D., ' rest, leisure ' : tippin ba:\ o seibjant a
set'lin, s.m., 'ceiling'.
seim/o, v., seimio, D., * saevum exerere'; 'to use flattering
words ' : paid di a seimjo i mi.
setmlyd, adj., seimlud, W.S. [Gresy]. (i) 'fat, greasy*. (2)
' obscene, filthy ' : riu he:n air seimlyd jaun deydod o uOa i =.fi:abt
bydyr^ ka:s.
sein, s.f., pi. seinja, seins, sein, W.S. ; W.LI. xx. 51, 'sign' =
arttyd : may hi n sein reit da:, ' it is a very good sign ' ; sein am
s<?%y, ' a sign of dry weather ' ; ma na sein teyly /in hon a hon, ' so
and so is in the family way ' ; cf. gobaiB magy.
stinjo, v., seinio, D., * to sound ' (of music, etc.) : seinja vo
njaun.
set's, s., ' size ' : pu:y seis idi o ?, ' what size is it ? ' (e. g. a boot).
set's, s.m., ' sex '.
seisnigab, adj., Saesnigaidd, G.R. [202] 4, ' English, Anglicized,
of Anglicizing tendency '.
478 set tan — serx
seitan, s.f., said of something crushed : mi ro:B i dro:yd arno vo
(e. g. an orange) nes 0:8 o n seitan, ' he trod it into a mush ' ;—
mi drawis d rieidar nes o:§ i ben m seitan; — wedi ka:l i la:$ dn
seitan ylu.
seitan, Eng. Satan, term of reproach for a woman : hem seitan !
seiQig, adj., seithug, D., ' vain ' : furna seiBig, ' a fruitless journey '.
seiQvad, adj., seithfed, D., ' seventh '.
se:l, s.f., sel, D., ' seal '.
se:l, s.f., zel, Psalm Ixix. 9, ' zeal '.
se:l, s.f., ' sale '.
selar, s.f., pi. seleri, seler, D.G. ccxi. 32 ; W.S.; D.; B.C. 7. 16 ;
94. 27, 'cellar'.
seldram, seldran, feldran, s.f., pi. seldremja, seldremmi, seldrem,
D.G. xxx. 56; D., ' Antiquis manipulus'. (i) ' a certain amount
of corn ' : du:y seldram = 9sgyb. (2) seldram o wair, ' the depth of
a hay-knife of hay ' : mynd a vo: vesyl seldram at dr indgan valy.
seljo, v., ' to seal '.
selog, adj., 'zealous'.
se:m, s.f., ' seam '.
sens, s.m., ' sense '.
sen/o, v. (i) ' to notice '. (2) ' to understand, take in '.
senf'og, adj., ' sensible '.
sentar, s., pi. senfars, Eng. dissenter, ' an Independent ' : kappal
sentarS) ' Congregational chapel *.
seyaly adj., ' single ' ; ' unmarried '.
seygol, s.f., ' hardship, misfortune ' : may hun a hun wedi kayl
seygol aru, e. g. has lost money ; esp. ' a sharp attack of illness '.
separt, s.m.f., ' a talkative, sarcastic person ' (I.W. ; J.J.).
se:r, se:rs, s.pl., sing, seran, s.f., ser, D., ' stars ' : se:r lay, l the
Great Bear'; seran 9 gweiQjur (?), O.H. ; se:r gwibjog, 'falling
stars ' ; seran gum/on, ' comet ' ; seran wen, ' a white spot ', e. g. on
the forehead of a horse ; seran 9 mo:r, ' jelly-fish ', pi. serod 9 mo:r.
serennog, adj., serennog, D , s.v. ' stellaris ' ; ' starry ' : noson bra:v
serennog, ' a fine starlight night '.
serenny, v., serennu, D., s.v. ' stello ' ; 'to sparkle ', used of
the eyes.
serjo, sevrjo, \., serio, W.S. ; M.LI. i. 234. 27; B.C. 91. 26,
' to sear '.
serx, s.m., serch, D., ' affection ' : ennil serx, ' to win affection '.
serx: conj., serch, D., ' although ' : may m bosib i ni beidjo gweld
3 gwilja, serx bo:d ni n i ksmdogaB nu, ' it is possible we shall not
— sevidlog 479
see Christmas, although we are near it ' ; nl o:& o y garlul uBi
hi! — ser\ mat ru:in ara[ na:B i, 'wasn't he clumsy at it (i.e. the
speech) ! — though some one else composed it '.
ser\og, adj., serchog, D., ' affectionate '.
serB, adj., serth, D., ' steep ' : kraig, tor Ian serB.
seston, s.f., ' cistern '.
se:t, s.f., pi. setti, ' seat ; pew ' : se:t vaur, among Nonconformists
' the seat immediately in front of the pulpit, where the deacons sit '.
se:t, set, s., ? Eng. escheat, in the exp. durnodse:t, ' a day on which
strayed sheep are collected together and restored to their respective
owners '.
setjur, s.m., from ri'se:l, ' receipt ', — ' rent collector '.
setjur, s.m., 'one who works at setts'.
se//, s.f., pi. setla, ' settle ' (seat).
setlo, v., setlo, C.C. 247. 1 1 ; T.N. 185. 5, ' to settle' : da\i m
lurjady setlo ymma?, ' do you intend settling here? ' ; dary mi dim
gneyd mistar arna hi etto ond na i setlo hi vory, ' I haven't mastered
it yet, but I'll settle it to-morrow ' ; dy sadurn setlo, ' settling Saturday,
pay-day '.
sevnig, s.f., sefnig, D., 'gullet ' : tendja di da hy:n rhag los&i ds
sevnig, ' take care you don't burn your throat '.
sevrjad, s.m., ' a searing '.
sevrjo \_serjo\.
sevyl, v., sefyll, D. Fut. S. i. seva, 3. seviB [sai*]. Imperf. sevun.
Pret. S. i.sevis, 3, sevob. Imperative sa:{v) ; sevu\. (i) 'to stand'
(persons or animals) : sevy^ m sy:6, ' to stand upright ' ; — sevy[ m
agos i r ta:n ; — sa: lonyd, ' stand still ' — used substantively : 'vedru\i
dim mynd m s\ sevyl, rhaid i \i wyro, ' you cannot go standing
upright, you must stoop ' ; — fig. uses : sevyl at i air, ' to stand by
what one has said ' ; pobol m sevyl a/an, ' people on strike ' ; du i n
sevyl ?y gli:r oruQ rhei m\ ' I keep clear of them '. (2) ' to stand '
(of things) : ty: n sevyl ar i libart i hy:n, ' a detached house ' ;
'savanu Sim ar i penna, ' they won't stand on end '. (3) ' to come
to a standstill ' : may peQa n seryl sn la:n. (4) ' to stand, stick,
stay ; lie ' (of snow) : / 9di e'/'ra n ebril dim 9n sevy£ mu:y na seviB u:y
ar ben ebil(trosol), ' snow in April does not lie longer than an egg will
stand on the end of a crow-bar ' ; also sat e'ira m ebril mu:y na
rhmjon meun rhidil (O.H.) \ebri£\\—dma be sevt'6 at *x senna x/7,
' there's something which will stick to your ribs ! ', i. e. ' make you
fat ', ' set you up '. (5) ' to stand ' (of liquids) : ta.yQ wedi sevyl am
dridja.
sevadlog, sruydlog, adj., sefydlog, D. (i) 'firm, steadfast*. (2)
'permanent'. (3) 'inclined to settle down ' : / ?di r ga:6 dim m
sevsdlogjaun ar o:/ i mi vynd i weiBjo.
480 sev^f/an — sgarjo
sevdf/an, v., sefyllian, D., ' to loiter ' : be u:ti n sev^'an vel na ?—
sevaffan gweiQjo, ' to work in a half-hearted manner '.
sevslva, s.f., sefyllfa, D., ' state, position ' : sevslva 9 varxnad, ' the
state of the market '; wedi du:ad i wel sevslva, ' having obtained
a better position '.
seysnag, adj., Saesneg, G.R. (12) 1 6, and Seisnig, L.G.C. 472 [69],
1 English '. Also s.m., ' the English language '.
seysnas, s.f., pi. seysnesa, Saesnes, W.S., ' Englishwoman '.
seyBur, s.m., saethwr, O.P., ' shooter ' : may o n seyBur da:, ' he
is a good shot '.
seyQy, v., saethu, D. (i) 'to shoot* (e.g. a gun). (2) 'to
shoot ' (e. g. an animal). (3) ' to blast ' (e. g. in a quarry).
sgablins, s.pl., Eng. (Dial.) scabble [to rough-hew stone], Peacock,
' A glossary of the Dialect of the Hundred of Lonsdale ' ; scabblins
[the remnant of hay left on the ground after the cocks have been
loaded], Ch., ' chips made when squaring stones ' (O.H.).
sgadan, s.f., cf. ysgadenyn, D., s.v. ' halec ', sometimes for
1 herring ' (Bangor). Cf. pennog.
sgafan, s.f., Eng. (Dial.) scaff [a person who habitually wanders
about idly], Sc., ' a marauding woman ', e. g. one who pulls wood
out of hedges, etc. : he:n sgafan o he:n dmas (O.H.).
sgafrud, s.m., ' an untidy fellow ' : ta:u r hem sgafrud bydyr !
Applied e. g. to a boy who has torn his clothes (O.H.).
sgaldjan, sgaldjo, v., yscaldio, W.S. [Scalde], 'to scald' : sgaldjo
moxyn i dmny i vle:u ; — sgaldjo hvriQ ; — 9 tra:yd an sgaldjany ' the
feet becoming blistered through perspiring while walking ' ; — pobol
9n sgaldjan o dan i kzseilja o yjjuy:s ag sn mynd 9y gi:g no:y6.
sgam (O.H.) ; sga:m, s.f., ' dodge' = sgil.
sgamjo, v., ' to dodge, scheme ' : ma: nu nfu:r o sgamjo i ga:l ar
arjan rusyt.
sgamjur, sgamar, s.m., 'dodger, schemer'. Cf. sgamers,T.N. 9. 33.
sgapjo, v., ' to escape, avoid ' : syt gesti sgapjo vefy ? ; — xavod o
dim ond sgapjo ne mi vasa vo wedi ka:l i la:8, ' he narrowly escaped
being killed '.
sga:r, s.f., ' share ' —fa:r.
sgarf, s.m. ' a rough fellow with a noisy tongue '.
sgarfjon, s.pl., 'bits, rough pieces' : maly pren, karag, i go:ys 9n
sgarfjon (ylu) ; maly dilad m sgarfjon uQ vynd dru: r drain (O.H.)
= sgarBjon (?).
sgarjo, v., cf. ysgar, D., ' diuortium .' (i) 'to divorce' : may r
gdvraQ an sgarjo pobol ru:an. (2) 'to be divorced ' : gu:r a gwraig
9n sgarjo hevo i giliS.
sgarjo, v., ' to miscarry ' : merx an sgarjo.
sgarmas — s&ibjon 481
sgarmas ; sgarmaitf (O.K.), s.f., pi. sgarmcsa, sgarmesod,
ysgarmes, D., Eng. skirmish, 'scramble, scrimmage; skirmish'.
Also in more extended sense : [oygar in mynd i sgarmas hevo nu.
sgar&jon, s.pl., ysgarthion, D., s.v. ' earth ', ' furfur ', ' peripsema ',
4 purgamen '. (i) ' bits of a frayed material ' : may sgarQjon ar )\
dijad. (2) ' stuff thrown away*. — Bangor, = sgarfjon (?).
sgary, v., cf. ysgar, D., ' separare ' ; 'to separate ' : darn o bren
wedi kayl i sgary oruQ bren ara[.
sgava^ s., scafell, B.C. 9. 3 ; 13. 1 1 ; ' eye-brow ' : in phrase
edra\ dan i sgava^ ' to knit the brows '.
sgavlog, s.f., cf. ysgaflog, M.F., ' torn-boy ' : £• he:n sgavlog vaur I
sgavndra, s., cf. ysgafnder, D., s.v. ' levitas ' ; ' lightness ; levity ' :
sgavndra n 3 pen, ' giddiness '.
sgavny, v., cf. ysgafnhSu, D., ' to lighten '.
sgavny, v., ysgafnu, D., ' congerere, cumulare ', ' to stack corn ' =
gneyd kokkyn o y:d (O.H.) — obsolete.
s&edan, s.f., pi. sgedins ; bis&ets, mtsgaitf (I.W.), Eng. biscuit,
' biscuit ' : s&edan galad, ' ship's biscuit '.
s&eS* s*> ' a shaking ' : rhoi sgeg ido vo (O.H.).
s&e£J°> v'> ysgegiaw> O.P., ' to shake ', e. g. of a cat shaking a
mouse ; * to be shaken '.
s£egva, s.f., ysgegfa, ' a shaking' : mi ro: i s£egva i \i.
sgelar, adj., ysgeler, D., ' atrocious ; ferocious ' : murdro, beyty
ru:in an sgelar ; dy:n sfeelar = m rhy: gigfyWyd.
sgelat, s., ' skillet '.
s&elfyn, sgilfin, s.m., ? Eng. skinflint, a term of reproach used in
several senses : (i) 'a thin, scraggy fellow7 = main, tena, gwayl o
ran golug \ riu sgelfyn o hogyn. (2) implying miserliness : r he:n
sgelfyn krinta\lyd 1 (3) implying worthlessness generally : r he:n
sgelfyn ka\y / / r he:n sgelfyn 'dirle:s ! (4) implying cruelty : hem
sge(fyn fageyblydi (5) implying an envious, jealous, spiteful nature :
he:n s&elfyn gwnynfyd / he:n sgelfyn Kenvigenlyd! = m lidjog uB
baub, m jaun o gmvigan. (All O.H.)
sgentjo, v., ' to sprinkle ' : s£entjo halan,fugur.
sgerbud, s.m., ysgerbwd, D., ' carcase, dead body of an animal,
carrion ' ; — as term of reproach : he:n s&erbud bydyr ; rhe:n sgerbud
brunt gwnynfyd.
s&ert, s.f., pi. sgertja, sgerts. (i) ' skirt*. (2) * parts attached to
the heart in pigs and cows ' : sgert kalon byu\ ; cf. Eng. (Dial.) skirt,
' diaphragm ', — in which sense the word is also used by butchers.
sge'ylys, adj., esgeulus, D., ' negligent '.
sgibjon, s.pl., ysgubion, D., ' sweepings '.
lisa I i
482 sgil — sglent
sgil, s.m., pi. s/&, ysgil, T.N. 470. 20 ;^Eng. skill, ' dodge ' : du
i wedi tri:o po:b s/il i godi o ar i gevn ; sgil i rieyd sga:m, sga:m i
rieyd muyfti, ag amkan i roidfo:n dn i wely, said when manoeuvring
to get children to bed (Bangor).
sgi:l, s., isgil, D., in the phrase uB i sgi:l, ' behind his back ' (on
horseback); cf. W.B. col. 209. 30, Ac odyna Idawc a gymerth
ronabwy is y gil ; — and in 3n i sgi:l o = m i gzsgod o, e. g. mi gei
dtBa rubaB m i sgi:l o.
sgilfin \sgelfyn\
sgilgar, adj., ' dexterous, deft, resourceful ' : dy:n sgilgar — dy:n
amkanys, — amkan da: am rieyd po:b pe:B, dy:n mefolgar, — m mmny
gubod po:b pe:B Kin d9\reyiB o (O.H.).
sgiljo, v., ' to dodge '.
sgim, s.m., ' skimmed milk ' (J. J.).
sgimjo, v., cto skim', e.g. milk.
sgimfo, v., Eng. scheme, ' to dodge '.
sgimmar, s., ' skimmer ' (used in making butter) : sgimmar o bren
masarn i danny r du:r o r menyn (O.H.).
yf*i* sgat (Bangor), said in driving away a cat.
sgi'u, s.m., ysgiw, D., s.v. * oblique ' ; Eng. skew, ' angle ' : tri:
sgiu 9n 3 wal, ' a V-shaped turn in a wall, made to avoid an obstacle
and leave a passage between it and the wall' (O.H.).
sgmjad, s.m., pi. sgiujada, ' a diagonal cut made on any object ' ;
also a sheep's ear-mark so called [«0:</].
sgmrjo, v., 'to skewer '.
sgtwars, s.pl., sing, sgwalsan, f., ' skewers '. Cf. also sgwa:h.
sglafjo, v., cf. ysglyffiaw, W.B. col. 498. 2, ' to eat voraciously ':
mo:x m sglafjo bytta. Cf. sgzlfjo.
sglafjur, s.m., ' a voracious eater ' : sglafjurs o vytturs (O.H.).
sglatg, s.m., pi. sgleigjon, ysgolhaig, D., ' scholar '.
sglaitf, s.pl. and coll. ; cf. ysclatyssen, W.S. [A sclate] ; ysglaten,
T.N. 122.12; O.F. esclat, ' slate ' : lu:yB sglaitf, ' a cargo of slate ' ;
— sing, sglatfan, f., ' a single slate ' : sglatfan wedi du:ad m rhy:§,
1 a loose slate '.
sglattar, s.m., pi. sglattars, sglater, C.L.C. ii. 22. 25, 'slater'.
sglavrog, s.f., 'slattern' (J.J.).
sgleinjo, v., discleinio, W.S. [Shyne], ' to shine ' : may i ivy nab 9n
sgleinjo. Cf. tunny, di'sgleirjo, taslo.
sglemp, s. = geirja brmtjon (O.H.). Cf. slemp.
sglempjo, v. = deyd geirja brsntjon (O.H.). Cf. slempjo.
sglent, ? s., cf. ysglent, D., ' resultatio ', in the exp. tafi sglent,
' toffee poured into a flat sheet '.
sglentan — sgogi 483
sglentan, slentan, s.f., ' a thin, flat piece of stone '.
sglentjo, ysglentio, D. 'resilire, resultare', in the exp. sglentjo
Kerig, ' to play ducks and drakes ' ; also &rig m sglentjo. O.H.
has sble'intjo.
sglevr, s.f., pi. sglevra, Eng. (Dial.) slither, also slether, i.e. skto(r\
and sclither, Sc. [A slide upon ice or frozen ground], ' a slide '.
sglevran, s.f., ' a slide '.
sglevrjo, v., ' to slide ' : sglevrjo ar 9 jrhe:u.
sglisan, s.f., pi. sglifa, * slice ' : sglisan hi:r o bren, ' a long slice
of wood ' ; — sglisan o &i:g.
sgtifo> v-> ysclisio, W.S. [Sclyce] ; O.F. esclicier, ' to slice ' : sglif'o
tattus.
sglodjo, v., cf. ysglodioni, D., s.v. ' dedolo ' ; ysglodi, M.L1. i.
38. 1 6, 'to cut off a sglodyn ' (O.H.).
sglodyn^ s.m., pi. sglodjon, asglod, D., sing, asglodyn, also ysglodyn;
ysglodion, D.G., xciv. 32 ; sclodion, M.LI. i. 38. 2, 'chip, piece cut
off' (either wood or stone) : Ia:d di sglodyn, * cut off a corner ' (from
the stone) ;— in slate quarries, ' a thickness of slate cut off a klut
with a ky:n manolt and gord dren, and measured and squared with
a traval and h(a6 &erig ; — may o Kin sz\ad a sglodyn, 'he is a dry
stick ', also said of some one who does not shed a tear at a funeral ;
Kin varwad a sglodyn, ' as dead as a door nail '.
sglonti s.f., pi. sglontja, ? ysglent, D., s.v. ' lapsus ' ; Eng. slant ; in
slate quarries, a joint running the same way as the cleavage,
appearing along the surface which is at right angles to the face of
the rock, and therefore can only be seen where part of the surface
of the rock has been blasted away. Sometimes powder is put in the
sglont, as it saves the workmen making a hole for inserting powder.
At Ffestiniog the sglont is horizontal, but in the Penrhyn quarries it
is vertical.
sglutf, s.pl., Eng. (Dial.) sklush, Sc., ' slush '.
sglysdody s., esgeulusdawd, O.P., ' negligence '.
sglyso, v., esgeuluso, D., s.v. ' negligo ' ; ysgluso, C.L.C. i. 22. 22,
' to neglect '.
sglwaQ, s., ysglyfaeth, D., « carrion ' : rhoidja:r ne riu hem sglwaB
meun tul i 8al luynogod (O.H.) ; — also fig. as a term of reproach.
sgbveyQy, sgalveyBy, v., ysglyfaethu, D., s.v. ' praedor ' ; 'to be of
predatory habits ', said e. g. of a dog who kills sheep and eats them,
or who eats dead sheep ; — said also e. g. of a servant who is con-
tinually stealing and picking at food.
sglrveyQys, adj., ysglyfaethus, O.P., * predatory ' : deryn sglrueyQys.
sgogi, v., yscogi, Psalm lv. 22, 'to budge', 'give in', e.g. to
another's opinion : ne'iB o dim sgogi.
i i 2
484 sgogjad — sgornjo
sgogjad, s.m., ysgogiad, M.LI. i. 174. 13, 'movement': sgogjad
pen, ' a motion of the head ', e. g. to indicate a certain direction ;
cf. ysgog, D., s.v. ' nuto ' ; fig. smidis i r y:n sgogjad 180 vo, ' I did
not abate an inch to him '.
sgogyn, s.m., yscogyn, B.C. 14. 25, 'a conceited fellow'.
sgoi, v., osgoi, D., * to avoid, evade ' : misgoifi o, ' I avoided him '.
sgo:l, s., pi. sgo:ls, cf. sgol, C.F. 1890, 332. 8 ; Eng. squall.
(i) ' squall ' : sgo:l o wynt, sgo:ls kledjon. (2) * disaster': sgo:l san
fransisgo, alluding to the earthquake at San Francisco. (3) * quarrel,
high words, disturbance ' : sgo:l rhuy day 8y:n a i gilift ; — pu:y godoft
9 sgo:l? ; — nt adi o n i waiB kodi sgo:ls?, 'isn't he always creating
disturbances ?' (All 0.H.)— Cf. sgmljo.
sgoldy, s.m., pi. sgoldai, ysgoldy, D., ' school ' (the building).
sgolop, s., pi. sgolops, ' scallop, indentation ' : sgolops ar odrapais.
sgolpan, s., 'a receptacle for holding scraps, etc/ : tavl o i r
sgolpan (O.K.).
sgolpan, s.f., ysgolpen, S.E., s.v. ' brawl ' [a brawling woman] ;
Eng. (Dial.) scallop [an awkward girl; an untidy, romping girl, a
tomboy], Wm., Yks., Lan., a term of reproach for a woman : ta:u
r he:n sgolpan vydyr 1 (O.H.).
sgolpjad, s.m., ' a piece cut off ' : tori sgolpjad.
sgolpjo, v., Eng. (Dial.) scallop, scollop [an indentation, a notch ;
also, a small riven or torn piece], Shr., Hrf. ; in slate quarries, the
same operation as pillaring (plery), but applied to smaller blocks.
A groove (fo:s) is made by a gouge (fwudgan), into which is placed
a rough-splitting chisel (ky:n brasolt], and the slate divides with
a blow from the hammer; — sgolpjo klut is a smaller operation
performed by a blow with the hammer without a groove ; — also, in
general, ' to square ' (a stone or piece of wood), e. g, by cutting off
a corner : sgolpja di hunna ifur.
sgolpyn, s.m., pi. sgolpjon, 'a piece of something cut off' (e.g.
wood or stone) : hnny sgolpyn o bren hevo wy:alt. Also a term of
reproach : he:n sgolpyn dru:g ! said to a boy. Also sgolpyn lartf,
sgolpyn ba.'x- — In pi. ' scraps ' = sba:r : sgolpan adi pe:B i 8al
sgolpjon— (O.K.).
sgo:r, s.f., pi. sgorjon, yscor, W.S. [A score], scor, C.L.C. i. 29. 3,
' a cut ' ; ' a notch '.
sgorjad, s., sgoriad, W.LI, xxvii. 122, 'a cut* : mi dons i sgorjad
ar 9 la:u.
sgorjo, v. (i) 'to slash, to make a cut': sgorjo i wymmad.
(2) ' to keep an account in the old style by cutting marks on wood '.
sgornjo, v., Eng. scorn, ' to speak evil of : paid a sgornjo vo n
i gevn.
sgoryn — sgrava[ 485
sgoryn, s.m. ; sgoran, s.f., ? terms of reproach. [Both JJ. and O.H.
had often heard these words, but were unable to assign them any
precise meaning. Apparently not the same as sgwan.]
sgot brn:as (brtnvas\ sgottyn, s., Eng. Scotch broth, ' hot water
poured upon bread, with a little butter and salt added', — con-
sidered a light food for invalids.
sgotta \pKgotta\
sgoltur [p9sgottur\
sgoBan, s.f., term of reproach for a woman : r he:n sgoBan vydyr
(O.H.) [not the same as sgyBan\
sgoQi, v., ysgothi, D., * diarrhoea ' (in sheep).
sgfulan, s.f., ' a scold ' : ebnas heb vynd dan dra:yd nc:b heb kayos
pu:y o:& hi (O.H.).
sgeruljo, v., ysgowlio, T.N. 120. 41, ' to scowl '.
sgffuljo, v., Eng. squall ; (of the weather), ' to blow hard ' ; may hi
n sgeruljo n aru. Cf. sgo:l.
sgvut, s., Eng. scout, in the phrase mynd ar y sgerut, * to go
reconnoitring '.
sgwgi s»> ' a nasty cut ' : mi 'gewso\i sgrag ovnaduy.
s8raSJ°> v«> 'to tear with the teeth ' : sgragjo Ki:g (W.H.).
sgram, s. (i) = sgramjur : he:n sgram ! ; he:n sgram ve&gar I (2)
' savoury, relish, tasty dish ' : sgram hevo i Be:; os 'g?noxibim sgram?
sgram£i, s.m. = sgramjur : may o n he:n sgramgi garu.
sgramjo, v., Eng. (Dial.) scram [to search about for what can be
picked up], Cor. (i) 'to take things without permission ', esp. food
— a mild expression for stealing. (2) 'to eat hurriedly 'L sgramja
vytta gad i ti vynd zn d) vla:yn.
sgramjur > s.m. (i) * one who takes things without permission '.
(2) ' glutton '.
sgrappar, s.f., ' scraper '. — In slate quarries an instrument for
clearing out the dust made by the drill in boring, or to push the
powder to the bottom of the hole and make it compact.
sgra:s, s., Eng. disgrace, (i) 'disgrace': may o n sgra:s.
(2) ' abuse, insult ' : tavlyd riu sgra:s i neyd her — (O.K.).
sgraf'o, v., Eng. disgrace, ' to blackguard ' : sgraf'o 9 nail » ^.
sgraut, s.m., cf. Eng. (Dial.) scrout [to sprout, to grow as young
plants], n.Yks., ' a tall, lanky fellow '.
sgraval, s.f., pi. sgravrtod, ysgrafell, D., ' curry-comb '.
sgraval, s.f., pi. sgravelod, ' a hole to let in air into a cow-house :
(J.J.; o.k).
486
sgravayy — sgrutf
sgravayy, v., in the exp. sgravayy mynd, 'to go very fast'
(Bangor).
sgravefy, v., ysgrafellu, O.P., ' to curry-comb '. Also, ' to give a
drubbing ' : mi sgravela i di.
sgravm, s.m., ' a grabbing fellow ' : he:n sgravm brunt = dy:n m
fommyd pe6a n 'ayrvreiQlon.
sgre:x, s.f., cf. ysgrSch y coed [jay], R., ' screech '.
sgrexjan, v., ysgrechian, T.N. 477. 3, 'to screech'.
sgreppan, s., ysgreppan, D. (i) ' bag, scrip, wallet '. (2) ' scruff
of the neck ' : mi gavifi n i sgreppan o.
sgri:, s.f., in the phrase mynd ar sgri: wy:lt, ( to go very fast '
(Bangor).
sgri:n} s.f., pi. sgrinja, ysgrin, D., area, cista, O.F. escrin ; Eng.
(Dial.) screen [A high-backed wooden settle], ' a settle '.
sgri:n, s.f., ' screen ', i. e. a large upright sieve for gravel, etc. :
breifon 9 sgri:n, ' the larger stones which will not pass through such
a sieve '.
sgrinjo, v., ' to sieve with a screen '.
sgriu, s.f., pi. sgrius, scriws (pi.), D.P.O. 344. 6, ' screw'.
sgrivan, s.f., ysgrifen, D., s.v. ' scriptum ', { scriptura ' ; ' writing ' :
r o:d 9 sgrivan mor bru:g bary nu vedy rieyd o alan, ' the writing (of
the letter) was so bad that they could not make it out '.
sgrub, s.m., Eng. (Dial.) scrub [a dirty person], s.Chs., Oxf. ;
term of reproach : r he:n sgrub bydyr ; sgrub medu.
sgrubjo, v., ' to scrub '.
sgruf, s., Eng. (Dial.) scruff [Refuse, odds and ends], Cor. ; — in
other parts scrawf, scroff, and shruff; 'any waste or worthless stuff
such as bits of a frayed material, bits of grass, etc., collected when
gardening, or thorns, etc., cut from hedges' : hel 9 sgruf gid a r
klotya, ' to collect together the cuttings along the hedges '. —
Also sgluf.
sgrump, s.f., pi. sgwmpja, ' a heavy shower ' : may hi wedi grieyd
sgrump vaur ; — sgrump ar odsgrump tru: r dy:8 ; — sgnmpja n du:ad
a r gwynt ; — may hi m burn sgrampja gu:yl 9 gro:g, k it is raining in
heavy showers ', i. e. such rain as is associated with late summer. —
(guy 1 9 gro:g = Holy Cross Day, Sept. 14).
sgrutjan, v., cf. ymysgryttian, D., s.v. ' perfrictio '. (i) 'to
shiver with cold ' : 9n sgrutjan truybox ; sgrutjan o annuyd ; paid ag
aros alan i sgrutjan ; .paid a sgrutjan alan i gal annuyd. (2) 'to
screw about the back ^when something itches there '. (3) ' to
hang about ' : sgrutjan gid a r kloty'a; sgrutjan 9n le: gweiQjo.
sgrutf, s., app. a form of Eng. (Dial.) scratch [the itch], Chs.,
sgrutfo — sgwarnog 487
Shr. (i) 'the itch '. (2) ' a drunken sot ' : £• he:n sgrutfmebu —
mebdod wedineyd o y glavr i &i:d (O.H.).
sgrutfo {sgutfo}.
sgruttyn, s.m., a term of reproach implying some one dirty and
small : riu hem sgruttyn o hem fy:n. Fem. sgruttan. — (O.H.)
sgrrfnjo, v., ysgraffinio, D., ' scarificare ' ; ' to rub off the skin so
as to make a raw spot, but not sufficiently to draw blood (O.H.).
sgrwipjog, adj., * rainy, with heavy showers ' : durnod sgnmpjog.
sgrrty, v., ysgrythu, D., ' to shiver with cold ' : sgrrty at 3 tarn,
1 to sit over the fire shivering ' ; — sgrrty a i ben m 9 tarn ; — du i
dgest jaun a sgrjQy gin annuyd.
sgrwtnfan, s.f., term of reproach for a thin woman : riu sgrrvinfan
dena (Bangor).
sgrwinlyn, s.m., cf. ysgrafinllyn, M.F., the masc. form of the
above : sgrmtnj-yn kroynjum (O.H.).
sgud (I.W.; E.J.); sg*:d (O.K.), s., ysgwd, D.; ysgwd, s.v.
' impulsio ' ; ysgwt, s.v. ' iactatus ' ; 'a throw, push ' : wedi kodi
sa\ad ar ben klaub ag wedyn roid sgud 180 vo ilaur ; mi rot's isgu:d
t&o vo od ar yforb. Cf. also D., s.v. ' detrudo '.
sgurfo, v., yscwrio, W.S. [Secure], (i) 'to scour'. (2) 'to
beat, thrash ' : mi sgurja i di. (3) sgurjo mynd, * to go like
the wind '.
sgurs, s.f., scwrs, B.C. 92. 12 ; Eng. discourse, ' a chat' : ka:yl
sgurs hevo vo.
sgurf'o, v., ' to chat '.
sgurj'ur, s.m., ' talker ' : sgurfur didan, ' an amusing talker '.
sgurva, s.f., Eng. scour, (i) ' a thrashing ' : kaylsgurua hetijannol,
1 to get a well-deserved thrashing '. (2) ' a move of the bowels '
(J.J.) : kayl sgurva.
sgutf, s., 'a trimming1 (of a hedge) : rhoi sgutf ar 3 top.
sgutfo (O.H.) ; sgrutfo (J.J.), v., Eng. (Dial.) scutch [to trim a
hedge], ' to trim ' (a hedge) : sgutfo klauti.
sgitybog, adj., ysgwyddawg, O.P., 'broad-shouldered*.
sgwa:ls, s.pl., sing, sgwatsan, f., ' a skewer '. Cf. sgt'wars.
sgwa:r, adj., yscwar, W.S. ; ysgwar, D., 'square*.
sgwarjo, v., scwario, C.C. 224. 22, ' to square '.
sgwarnog, s.f., pi. sgwarnogod ; sgmogod (O.H.), ysgyfarnog, D.,
' hare ' : jayQ sgwarnog, bu:yd sgwarnog, ' sun-spurge ' (Euphorbia
Helioscopia) ; [im sgwarnog \Jfri\ ', sgwarnog y mo:r (O.H.),
' sapphirine gurnard or tub-fish ', Forrest (Trigla hirundo) ; — hem
488 sgwenny — sgarfn
sgwarnog, ' an old sermon used over again ' ; may o y kodi sgwarnog
newyS o hy:d, ' he is always after some new thing '.
sgwenny, v., ysgrifennu, D., ' to write ' : sgwenny bOyr at, ' to
write a letter to ' ; may o n sgwenny vel tra:yd brain, ' he scrawls
like a spider ' ; pen sgwenny, ' pen ' ; lexan sgwenny, ' writing slate '.
sgybo, v., ysgubo, D. (i) * to sweep ' ; fig. dy:n m sgybo po:b pe:B,
' a man who sweeps (carries) all before him '. (2) ' to sweep (past),
to rush': — mi sgybob heibjo ; — sgybo mynd ; — may hi n sgybo \uBy
(of the wind). (3) ' to sweep away, snatch away ' : djaul a m
sgybo i!
sgybor, s.f., pi. sgybora, ysgubor, D., ' barn ' ; — also a term of
reproach for an untidy woman : hem sgybor o dznas (O.H.).
sgybur, s.m., ysgubwr, D., s.v. ' scoparius ' ; sgybur o dy:n, ' one
who sweeps everything before him '.
sgyt (I.W. ; O.K.) ; sgrt (J.J.), adj., cf. ysgut, M.F., ' eager ' : sgyt
am bennog, sgyt am guru ; may r ga:B m sg3& am levriB.
sgyttor, s.m., pi. sgytorjon, ysgutor, F.N. 40 (66); T.N. 22. 13,
' executor '.
sgyBan, s.f., pi. sgyBanod, ysguthan, D., ' wood-pigeon' ; — also a
term of reproach for a woman.
sgiforbtyo, v., 'to make a clean sweep of : may o wedi sgsbarbtyo
nu z'^V^(Bangor).
sgddwad, s.m., ysgydwad, D., s.v. ' concussura ' ; ' a shaking '.
sg9flar, s., ' scuffler ' (kind of hoe).
sg9\fjo, v., ysglyffyaw, W.B. col. 498. 2 ; ysgylfu, D., Idem quod
ysgyflu (= ysglyfio) ; cf. ysgylffio, M.F., ' to seize, take wrongfully '
(J.J.). Not known to O.K.— Cf. sglafjo.
sgznnyb, s.m., cf. goresgynnydd, D., ' great-great-grandson ' (J.J.) ;
o:r sgznnyb, ' great-great-great-grandson ' ( J.J.).
sgwan, s.f., pi. sgsrjon, ysgyren, D., pi. yskyryon, R.B. 193. 19,
* a thin strip of wood ' : sgzran o bren tena ; tori pren dn sgsrjon; —
applied to a very thin person : ;* hem sgzran dena.
sgsrbadas, s.f., cf. ysgyrbado, M.F., term of reproach for a woman :
r hem sgzrbadas dreufyd! (O.H.).
sgsrljo, v., Eng. (Dial.) skirl [to shriek, scream, to cry or sing
shrilly ; to emit any shrill or discordant sound], ' to scold '.
sgarnjog, adj., asgyrniog, D., ' bony ' : dym sgzrnjog.
sgwnsgy, sgmgy, v., escyrnygu, Job xvi. 9 ; ysgyrnygu, R., in the
phrase sg3rmgy dannab, ' to snarl, show the teeth '.
, s.f., ' excursion '.
sgyljo — sigo 489
sg9tjo, v., ysgydio and ysgyttio, D., ' to shake ' = sgfgjo, 9sguyd\
bary hi sgytjo vo njaun; — mi sgrtja r ty: i &i:d 9m bendramunug,
' 1 11 turn the whole house upside down ' ; may hi n sg9tjo \uBy, " it
is blowing in gusts ' (Bangor).
sgrtra, s.pl., cf. ysgithr, D., s.v. 'dens '; ' tusks'.
sgrtrog, adj., ysgithrog, D., s.v. ' cauies ', ' fragosus ', ' salebrosus ' ;
' rugged ' : tyaig sgsBrog ; — also ' rough, dishevelled ' (of the hair).
sgyBry, v., ysgythru, D., ' to shred, tear in pieces ' (Bangor).
sg9vain, sgwaint, s., ysgyfaint, D., ' lungs '; ' lights'.
si:, s.m., si, D., ' report' : ma na riu si: (m * guynf) bo:d . . .
si:, ? the letter C : mynd an si: ag m i: ag m o:, ' to go in a zig-
zag fashion ' (E.J.).
sibols, s.pl., sing, sibolan, sibolsyn, sibol, W.S. [Chebole]; G.R.
[112]. 12 ; sibolen, D., s.v. ' ascalonia ' ; O.F. cibole, ' shallots '.
sibrud \sifrud^\
sidan, s.m., sidan, D., 'silk'.
sifrud.fifrud, sibrud, v., sibrwd, siffrwd, D. ; cf. also chwithrwd,
D., ' to make a slight, uncertain sound, rustle ' : klu:ad rubaB m
sifrud (O.H.), e.g. a mouse ; — also as subst. : (i) ' report, rumour ' :
ma na riu sibrud m tr wla:d bo:d . . . (JJ.) ; fifrud bod ru:in wedi
tori r gmraB, etc. (O.H.). (2) ' slight noise, rustle ' : riu sifrud
/uru(O.H.).
si:g>fi-'g, s.m., sfig, D., 'juice ', e.g. of oranges, tobacco ; 'sap'.
sigil, s.m., sigl, D., only in sigil di:n 9 gu:ys (sigil di:n gu:s\
tinsigl y gwys, D., 'wagtail' = -sigildi'gut (W.H.), applied to
Motacilla — all species.
sigil'gnoi, v., ' to turn food about in the mouth ' : paid a sigilgnoi
ds vuyd, byka vo (O.H.).
siglan, s.f., pi. sigla, siglen, D., ' vorago ' ; ' a swing '.
sigl denyn, s., ' see-saw ' (Bangor). [The form used at Car-
narvon is sigl delyn^\
siglo, v., siglo, D., ' to rock ', ' to swing ' : kadar sigh, ' rocking-
chair ' ; siglo ar 9 playk, * to see-saw ' ; hi:y& o wair m siglo ag m
fimsan, ' a load of hay rocking and swaying ' ; siglo krj>:d, ' to rock
a cradle ' ; — r 0:8 o y forbad m 9 ru:m nes o:d po:b pe:B 9n siglo.
signo, v., sugno, D., ' to suck '.
s*g°> v-> yssigo, D., s.v. ' allido ' ; 'to bruise, to break partly ',
e. g. of a branch of green wood which will not break clean off, or of
a piece of plaster bruised but not fallen ; bara wedi sigo, ' bread
which has broken in taking it out of the tin ' ; sigo i go:ys, i droyd,
i ben, i senna, ' to bruise, injure slightly one's leg, etc.' ; — fig. » to
pull down in health ' : may dannaft m i sigo nu, i. e. babies.
490 sikjon — siyk
sikjon, s.pl., cf. siccio, D., ' lavare ' ; sice, C.C. 378. 20, ' soap-suds
after washing clothes ' : sikjon gol^i = troxjon ; also ' the washings
of a cow-house ' : sikjon beydy.
sikkan, s.m., suckan ne ddiot fain, W.S. [Smal drinke] ; succan,
D., 'sediment of oatmeal and water which has been left to stand'.
sikkarhay, v., siccrhau, D. (i) ' to make sure'. (2) ' to settle,
determine ' : may o wedi sikkarhay mynd.
sikKir, adj., sikir, I.G. 534. 3 ; sicker, W.S. [Sycker]; siccr, D.,
' sure ' —fu:r : Kin sikrad afadar, ' as sure as can be '.
sikruyti, s.m., siccrwydd, D., ' certainty '.
siktod, s.m., ysigdawd, O.P., * debility '.
si:l,fid, s., sil, D., ' suboles'. (i) 'fry* ; in the exp. si:l 9 go:g
(i. e. eog), ' salmon-fry ', cf. silod. (2) ' hulling of oats ' : eisin si:L
silf,filf, s.f., pi. silfod, filfod, silff in M.LI. ii. 311. 3, 'shelf:
filfpen ta:n, ' a shelf above the mantelpiece where brass candle-
sticks, etc., are kept '.
•silifrit, -dgilifrit; 'dgiliflit (Bangor), s., ' a weak, insignificant
person ' ; sometimes used also of things : riu "dgiliflit o rubaB. Cf.
Rhys, Celtic Folklore, p. 64.
siljad, s., siliad, O.P., ' oats that have been hulled '.
st'ljo, v., siliaw, O.P., 'to hull oats'. — fig. mi silja i di n va:n ylu.
silod, filod, st:ls, fids, s.pl., ' small fry ' : fids ma:n, term applied
to minute sea-fishes such as gobies, jack-sharps, and sticklebacks ;
used contemptuously of anything small : he:n silod mam o benwaig
s gin ti:, 'you have wretched little herrings'; silod o bofiol, 'small
fry ' ; also small stunted gorse : o:ys na eiQin 3n 9 ka:y aku ? o:ys,
ma na riu he:n silod (O.H.).
simbil, adj., 'unsteady ' = simsan.
sim8a,fimda, s.f., pi. simdeya, fimdeya, simnai, D., ' chimney'.
simi'Iruy8, s.m., symlrwydd, D., s.v. ' simplicitas ' ; ' simplicity '.
simmil, symmyt, adj., symyl, W.S. [no meaning] ; syml, D.,
' simple, of simple habits, unassuming ' (not ' simple-headed ' =
simpl] : baxgan simmil jaun zdi o.
simpl, adj., simpyl, W.S. [Symple], 'simple-headed' = penwan.
Cf. simmil.
simsan, fimsan, adj., simsan, O.P. Cf. Eng. (Dial.) simsam
[disordered], Dur., ' unsteady, tottering ' : seviB 9 wal by&, may hi n
rhy: simsan. Also applied to persons : ' shaky, tottering ', e. g.
through illness or intoxication.
siyk, s.f., pi. siykja, ' sink ' : in slate quarries, ' a sinking made
at the bottom of the workings in order to reach a new level '.
siyk — slafjo 491
siyk, s., ' report ' (implying one of an evil nature) : ma na riu siyk
bod na riu wendid mo vo ; — x/i/.*0& ne:^ siy& na su:n am dano vo,
' nothing whatever was heard of him '— (O.H.) ;— in the following
the meaning is obscure : siyk siyk m 9 ko.yd, pcdwar fcgad ag u:y&
droyd, a kind of riddle referring to a mare in foal.
siyk, s., * zinc ' : murQulsiyk, ' baby's rattle ' ; to: siyk, ' galvanized
iron roofing '.
siykjo, v., sinki >, \V.S. [Synke], 'to sink' (tr. and intr.) : os by:k
&in ti arjan, paid a siykjo nu n d) bokkad.
siykjo, siykjan, v., En&. (Dial.) sink [to curse, swear], Sh. and
Ork. I., ' to swear ' : %he&i a siykjo ; damjo a siykjo ; — siykjan iry:n
pc:B, ' to nag, to keep on grumbling about the same thing '.
siyklyd, adj., ' soft and wet, conducive to sinking ' : (e: siyklyd.
si:o,/i:o, v., sio, D., 'to fizz, sizzle ', e.g. of a red-hot iron placed
in water (J.J.) ; — of a kettle beginning to sing (J.J.) ; — to rustle (of
a silk dress) : r o:d hi nfi:o n i sidan.
si:o,/i:o, v., suo, D., ' to lull' (to sleep) : si:o i g^sgy.
sipjan, fipjan, v., sippian, D., s.v. ' sorbities '. ( i) ' to sip ' : sipjan
kuru. (2) ' to suck ' : sipjan i wevla, ' to suck one's lips ' (cf.
G.O. ii. 276. 27); sipjan da-da:, ' to suck a sweet '.
sippan [fipf'uns].
siriv, s.m., siryf, W.LI. xx. 35; siriff, W.S., s.v. ' sir ' ; shiiiff
[Shyreffe]; siri, B.C. 36. 31, ' sheriff' (O.K.).
sirjol, adj., siriol, I.G. 235 [37]; Sion Tudur in G.R. [374] 8 ;
C.C.M. 37. 12 ; 54. 20 ; W.S., ' cheerful, bright ' : dy:n, hqyl, durnod
sirjol.
sirjoli, v., sirioli, P.G.G. 70. 3, ' to cheer up, brighten '.
st's/, s.m., Eng. (Dial.) sist [money paid to miners in advance],
Shr., Cor. An aphetic form of l subsist ' : ' a sum of money advanced
out of wages ' = tippin i aros pen mi:s (J.J.) ; o:s na riu sist i gay I ?
si'sun, st'surn, s.m., pi. sts?rna, siswrs, W.S. [Cicers], ' a pair of
scissors ' ; also ' shears for cutting hedges ' (the only word used by
farmers : gwela, gwala = shears for shearing sheep) \—ma: sisurn
wma, said as a warning to cut short the conversation because
children are present.
sitrax, s., sittrach, D., ' laciniae ', " that is in jags or shreds like
the beaten end of a stick " (O.P.) : saOry n si/rax, ' to crush some-
thing by trampling on it ' — implying something with moisture in it,
e. g. a chicken (J.J.).
siu.fiu, s., in the phrases heb glu:ad na siu na miu (biu O.H.),
* not to hear the slightest sound ' ; heb na siu na miu, ' without any
fuss'. — Cf. G.O. ii. 43. 1 8, siw na miw.
sla/jo, v. = sglafjo, * to eat voraciously '.
492 slak — sle:d
slak, adj., yslacc, D. ; Eng. slack, ' slow, remiss, negligent ' : dy:n
slak, -diraval, 'dirasbryd, maru.
slakjo, v., yslaccio, D., s.v. ' hebeto ' ; 'to make or become slack,
to slacken ' : slakjo kara esgid.
slanur, s.m., ' a good, skilful workman ' = dy:n an slany po:b pe:8
o i vlayn, an mynd tru bo:b pe:B.
slany, v., Eng. (Dial.) slam [to do anything with violence], used
of vigorous action, slany po:b pe:B o i vlayn, ' to sweep everything
before him ' ; slany mynd, ' to go dashing along '.
slap, s.f., pi. slapja, slappa, * a blow ' (not ' slap ') : slap gre:, ' a
heavy blow ' ; faro bo:b an ail slap, ' to strike alternate blows ', e. g.
of two men striking a drill with hammers ; — also fig. kayl slap
ovnaduy, ' to have a terrible shock ' ; — slap o 8y:n, ' a strapping
fellow ' = dy:n Iruybo dra:u, dy:n an sgybo po:b pe:6 (O.H.).
slapjo, v., ' to pummel, strike '.
slappan, s., ' a kind of flat bun baked on a griddle ' (Bangor).
sla:s, slays, s.f., Eng. (Dial.) slash [A cut with a whip], Lan.,
' lash ' : sla:s xwipj ' lasn of a whip ' ; mi ro:6 slays i r varlan, l he
lashed the pony '.
slaf, sla:s, s., pi. slasis, in such exp. as sla:s o dy:n Ary:, 'a tall,
strapping fellow '. (Perhaps the same word as the preceding.)
slogan, slasan, s.f. Fern, of above, but implies rather ' a tall,
slender woman ' : slasan o fonas gbvar, ' a fine tall woman '.
slaf'o, v., Eng. (Dial.) slash [to lash ; to strike with a whip,
Lan.; to rush, walk with violence, Sc., Ir.]. (i) ' to lash' : slaf'o
Kefyl ; — gla:u an slaf'o. (2) with mynd, 'to hurry along': slaf'o
mynd.
slaf'ur, s.m., cf. Eng. (Dial.) slashing [exceptionally fine or large],
' a tall strapping fellow '.
slaw, s.m., pi. sla:vs, slaf, C.C. 20. 21 ; C.L.C. ii. 24, 29. (i)
' slave '. (2) ' a poor fellow who has had a hard life ' : may hunna
wedi maru, r he:n sla:v ! ; ma: r he:n sla:v wedi mynd.
slavan, s., yslafan, H.D., ' a kind of edible sea- weed, laver ' (Ulva).
slavan, s.f., ' a slimy growth ' = riu he:n be:B tena ay glany ar
ruba6, an magy ar wymmad du:r ; — also a term of reproach for a
woman : ta:u r hem slavan vydyr / — Cf. snavad.
slavjo, v., ' to slave '.
slays \sla:s^.
slebog, s.f., yslebawg, O.P. Cf. Eng. (Dial.) slabby; slebby,
I. Man [sloppy, muddy, dirty, etc.], * slut, slattern ' : slebog di:og,
slebog 8ru:g, slebog vydyr.
sle:d, s.f., pi. sledi, ysled, O.P., Eng. sled, ' a four-wheeled waggon
without sides used in slate quarries for carrying kbtja to the glan ;
sledjad — slentan 493
also, ' a kind of sledge like a kar ty:sg used by farmers ' : sU:dvaunt
sU:dfafg<
sledjad, s.f., ' the load of a sle:d '.
sltdjo, v., ' to carry in a sled'.
sl'iif'o [stin/o].
sleivars, s.pl., Eng. (Dial.) sliver [A splinter of wood], in phr.
mynd vel sleivars, * to go like the wind '.
sleivjo, v., Eng. (Dial.) slive [To sneak about; to creep in a
stealthy way ; to idle, lounge about '.] ( i) ' to slink, steal away ; to
do (something) furtively ' : may o wedi sleivjo ifurb ; — sleivjo deyid,
' to steal off*. (2) ' to hurry ' : slew j a di vytta, gay I i ti vynd.
slek, sleks, s., Eng. (Dial.) sleek, Chs., Nott., ' slack, small coal ' :
mynd vel sleks, ' to go like the wind ' ; gneyd arjan vel sleks, ' to
make money quickly ' (O.H. has slek in ihese two phrases). Cf.
T.N. 9. 22. Rhwng puteinied a Hears y bydd eu haur yn slacio.
slek, adj., Eng. (Dial.) slack [impudence ; loose idle talk ;
"chaff"]: gair slek, a loose expression suggesting an implication
but not making a direct assertion, e.g. mzly deyd bod runn m
slekjo, v., in the exp. slekjo r ta:n, l to put slack on a fire so as to
keep it alight a long time '.
slekjo, v., in the exp. tattus yn slekjo, said of potatoes that have
been drained and are put to dry ; — also trans, slekjo tattus.
slem, s., Eng. (Dial.) slem [ooze, mud], ' an opprobrious remark ' :
riu slem i $y:n, (e.g.) am i dulm (O.H.).
slemjo, sltmjo, v., ' to blackguard, insult ' : slimjo ru:in m i
wymmad, zn i gevn = deyd riu eirja bryntjon fi:ab.
slemp, s., cf. yslemp, M.F., implies something dirty and wet :
sirBjo o r talkan i laur m slemp ; — also of persons : mi a:B ?n slemp
ar laur, ( he fell flop ' ; — used also of imperfect cleaning : riu slemp
o Inay. Cf. sglemp.
slemp, adj., in such expressions as ge:s i hem dro: slemp, mi nets
dro: slemp — implying an unpleasant experience, esp. a disappoint-
ment (O.H.).—J?emp (q.v.) is used in a very similar sense.
slempan, s.f., 'an imperfect cleaning' (Bangor).
slempjo, slempjan, v., ' to scatter dirt about ' : ma: r he:n vyu\
wedi slempjo ka\v £ fy'd 9 for b°-'b man (O.H.) — used also of
imperfect cleaning : slempjan Inay . Cf. sglempjo.
slendy, s.m., pi. slendai, elusendy, D., s.v. ' gerontocomium ' ;
' almshouse '.
slen/o [sltn/'o].
slentan, s.f., ' a thin, flat piece of stone, etc.' : slentan dena o garag
(O.H.)— [sgkntan].
494
sleut — sloljo
shut, s.m., term of reproach : r he:n shut gwirjon ! (O.H.).
sleutan, s.f., term of reproach : r he:n sleutan vydyr I (O.H.).
slew, s.m., pi. slews, ' slave ' (in literal sense) ; also fig. : dy:n m
slew 180 i hy:n. Cf. slaw.
shvjo, v., ' to work people like a slave-driver '.
slevran, s.f., term of reproach : r he:n slevran vydyr/
slevran, slevrjan, slevrjo, slavrjo,v., yslefrian, T.N. 23. 32 ; Eng.
(Dial.) slaver, sieve r, ' to slobber ; to make noises with the lips
while speaking'.
slevrjur, s.m., ' slobberer '. Cf. Yn lie rhyvv swbach wrthyn
fwbach Hen yslefriwr mowntiwr mantach. B. 1747.
slimjo [slemjo].
slimjur, s.m., ' one who uses insulting language ' : slimjur bydyr.
slimmin, s.m., ' a slim, thin individual ' : riu slimmin main 0:8 o
ond 0:8 o n wydyn rwedol; — also of animals : riu he:n slimmin
0 hem borxal', — as term of reproach : ta:u r he:n slimmin lartf!
slin/'o (O.K.) ; slenf'o (W.H.) ; slti/'o (J.J.), sttinf'o (Bangor), v.,
sialensio, W.S. [Calenge], ' to challenge ' : slinf'o dy:n i gufjo.
sliy, s., ' sling ' =fon davl.
sliy, s., pi. sliyja, Eng. (Dial.) sling [A long narrow field; a strip
of land], Nor., Shr., Hrf., ' a narrow strip of ground ' (= lain) : —
s/iy o di:r (O.U.).
slip, adj., Eng. slip, (i) 'sloping': talkan slip, 'a receding
forehead ' ; barb talkan slip, * a sorry rimester ', ' a poetaster ' ; —
used also of doggerel of any kind as eylyn talkan slip (here the
allusion is perhaps to a house the apex of the roof of which slopes
at the gable) ; kraig slip, ' a sloping piece of rock'. (2) of things
which escape one at an unguarded moment : a:6 9n slip arna i riu
for§\ also m slips a:6 i ; — slip ~d0un, Eng. slip down, 'junket'.
slipjo, v., ' to go wrong ' (of women).
slippars, s.pl., sing, slippan, f., yslypper, W.S. [A slyppar],
1 slippers '.
sliu, s., cf. Eng. aslew, ' warp, crookedness ' : riu sliu = riu
gamdra (O.H.).
sliujo, v., Eng. (Dial.) slew [To twist, to turn aside, etc.], ' to
become crooked or warped '.
slo:, adj., comp. slovax, ' slow '. (Used especially of clocks).
slobjo, v. (i) 'to take away a projecting piece of earth, etc.':
slobjo 9 ti:r ifur; slobja r o\or ma. (2) euph. for ' to rob ' : slobjo
i vistar—(Q.l{.).
slobryn — smikjan 495
slobryn, s.m., Eng. slobber, term of reproach : he:n slobryn gwirjon.
s/of, s., a disparaging term for a beverage : he:n slot o de: ; — also
as adj. te: slot.
slotjan, v., slottian, C.C.M. 154. 4; Eng. (Dial.) slot [to dash
water upon anything], Lan., Lin., Dev. (i) 'to paddle, dabble,
play with water ' : paid di slotjan m * du:r vel na. (2) * to drink,
booze': may o n slotjan o hy:d ; slotjan wad. (3) 'to muddle
along, idle about ' : m slotjan gweidjo, slotjan hyd ? davarn.
s/ovt\ v., 'to slow down'; 'to become slack', e.g. of trade.
Cf. ravy.
slu:an, slerwan, s.f., pi. slu:od, slenvod, sluennod, slftwcnnod,
llysowen, D., ' eel ' : may r bobol m deyd pen vyb kry: gla:s ?m
bytta slu:an bo:t i n mynd t%u:ab heb gay I i Breiljo (J.J.); — may
0 vel slu:an, said of a thin person.
slut, s.f., ' slut '.
slutjan, v., in the phrase slutjan gol\i, ' to wash (clothes) im-
perfectly and make them a bad colour ' (O.H.).
slutfy adj., Eng. (Dial.) slutch [slush], ' slushy ' : durnod slutf o
eira ; zforb my:nforb stut/"(Q.n.).
slym, s.m., pi. slymmod, ystlum, D., ' bat ' ; — applied to persons,
c a slippery customer ' : may o n slym o dy:n — dim posib ka:l gaval
mo vo ; — morfarp a slym.
slymp, s., pi. slymps, ' shrimp '.
slympar, s.m., ' shrimper '.
sma\, s., Eng. smack, ' an after-flavour ' : may sma\ rudins ar 9
menyn.
smala; smola (J.J.), adj., ysmala, D., ' funny ' : pe6a smala, dy:n
smala.
smaldod, s., ysmal'dod, B.C. 120. 2, 'fun, joking'.
smaljOy v., cf. ysmalhau, D., ' to joke ' : smaljo da\i, d eu\i dim,
' you're joking, you won't go ' ; / qybun i dim m mebul i \i yynd,
smaljo qydun /, c I didn't mean you to go, I was joking '.
sment, s.m., cf. simant, L.G.C. 348 [41]; D., s.v. ' caementum ' ;
1 cement '.
smidjad, s.m., symmudiad, D., s.v. 'motio'; 'movement':
smidjad korf a medul, ' exercise for body and mind '.
smidliu, adj., symmudliw, D., s.v. ' variegatus ', ' versicolor ' :
' shot ' (of colour).
smik, s., ysmic, G.O. ii. 294. 3, 'a slight sound', 'a whispered
report ' : klu:ad po:b smik, ' to hear the slightest sound ' ;— riu smik
am rubaQ (O.H.).
smikjan, v. (i) 'to make a slight movement', in the phrase:
496 smit — smu.'V
r o:n i wedi blino nes o:n i n meQy smikjan (Bangor). (2) f to spread
a whispered report ' : smikjan farad (O.H.).
smit, adj., Eng. submit (cf. smitjo), in the exp. durnod smit, ' a
very damp day of continuous fine rain, which makes it necessary to
cease work before the usual time '. Cf. C.F. 1889, 676. 23.
smitjo, v., ' to submit ', mi smitja 280 vo, ( I will submit to him ' ;
wedi smitjo i r gla:u, ' to give in to the rain '.
smitlau, s.m., ' continuous fine rain such as is enough to stop
work '.
smokjo, v., ysmoccio, G.O. ii. 77. 3, 'to smoke' (only used of
tobacco) : mi smokja i y:n kaijad etto, *I will have one more pipe'.
smokkal, s. — smokkal gresgin, ' blackcap ', I.W. (Sylvia atricapilla).
smonaQ ; smonat (W.H.) ; smonax (]>]>), s., hwsmonnaeth, D. ;
ysmonnaeth, W.LI. xiv. 29; smonaeth, W.LI, xlviii. 42; cf. also
D.G. cxcvi. 12, cc. 12. (i) 'domestic economy', only in the
proverbial exp. smonaB ar ja:r dy:, d/yduy alan a kaxy n ty:. (2)
' mess ' : daxi wedi gneyd smonaQ ovnaduy, ' you have made a
terrible mess ' ; smonaQ ar vagy zdi genaO zy gm'ta (W.H.) \-gneyd
i smonaQ, euph. for ' ventrem exonerare '.
smoygar, stymoygar, adj. (i) 'having a good appetite ', ' eating
a great deal': byttur smoygar, moxyn smoygar. (2) 'having a
strong stomach ', ' able to eat anything ' ; — also fig. un i dim syt
may gin ti stymmog i vynd at ar he:n dga:d na — r u:ti n smoygar
jaun (O.K.).
smot, s.m., pi. smotja, ysmot, O.P. ; cf. dismotiedig, W.Ll.lix. 59,
' spot '.
smotjog, adj., ' spotty ' = sbotjog.
smottyn, s.m., pi. smotja, smotyn, D.F. [64] 26, 'spot, speck':
smottyn eira, ' a speck of snow ', e. g. on a mountain ; smotja melyn,
'freckles' = br^xni hay I ; smotja la:y$, 'milk-coloured flaws in
slate which do not, however, affect the splitting ' = sboityn.
smud/Oj v., ysmwddio, T.N. 409. 12 ; Eng. smooth, ' to iron '.
smuk, ? s., ' drizzle ' : durnod smuk.
smukkan, s.f., ysmwccan, D., ' nebula, fumellus ', ' drizzle, Scotch
mist ' : smukkan o la:u = gla:u ma:n, gla:u b^xan ; — he:n smukkan
ly:b. Cf. ysmwgcan o law, D., s.v. ' psecas '.
smuklau, s.m., ' drizzle, Scotch mist ' : durnod smuJdau a niul ; —
also smuk gla:u.
smut, adj., ' rainy ' (but not so bad as smit} : durnod smut 'a'nivir
= durnod trzmmabjaun an laun o smuklau a glybanjaQ (O.H.).
smut, adj., in the exp. tru:yn smut, ' snub nose '.
smu.-v, adj., ' smooth ' (O.H.).
smuvjo — sobri 497
smuvjo, v., ' to smooth'; * to tone down what one has said ' (O.H.).
smuyBdra, s., esmwythdra, D., 'ease of mind or body'; esp.
' ease after suffering pain '.
snaxy, v., ' to whisper ' : snaxy hevo f &iht (I.W.).
snap, s., in the exp. dim (awar o snap, ' not up to much '.
snavad, s., llysnafedd, D.; snafedd, B.C. 138. 12, 'slime'; 'slimy
growth in wells, ponds, etc.' ; ' bile '. Cf. slavan.
sne'ip, sneipan, s., pi. sne'ips, ' snipe '.
sne:kt s., ' sneak '.
sne:I, s., 'a niggardly person* — used especially by children:
r he:n sne:l / — dim perig Kei di hi, may o n ormod o sne:l.
snesy \bysnesy\.
sniful, s.m., ? Eng. (Dial.) sniffle [To sniff, snuffle], ' an odious
person ' : hem sniful perig o:yb o.
snifin, s.m., snisin, T.N. 266. 3; Eng. sneezing, 'snuff'. Cf.
Irish snaoisin.
snodan, s.f., ysnoden, D.G. xxxv. 31; D. ; Eng. snood, (i)
' kerchief. (2) ' stripe ', e. g. on a fish : snodan ar i hy:d ; — also
a vein of green slate among the blue (J.J.).
snort'/, s.f. (i) ' ostentation, display ' : he:n snorit wirjon = riu
va:B o grantruyb fo:l, e. g. mer\ yy gwisgo er mu:yn bo:d m smart,
ond m edrax m wirjon (J.J.)- (2) 'an article worn for the sake of
display ' : riu hem snoril vel hyn am 'danati m h: gwisgo n wetys
(JJ-)- (3) 'pretence, show': riu he:n snorit o waiB (O.H.). (4)
' game, hobby, pastime, lark '.
snotti, adj., Eng. snotty, ' not amiable, unpleasant ' : attal snotti
jaun.
snufjan, swfjan, v., ysnwffian, W.S. [Snuffe], 'to sniff' : snufjan
kri:o, ' to snuffle, whimper '.
snuful, s., ' odd jobs ' : gneyd riu hem snuful o gumpas ty:.
snuyro, v., synwyraw, O.P., ' to sniff, nose ': K:t dym in snuyrc.
Also fig. snuyro hanas.
snuyrol, adj., synhwyrol, D., s.v. ' prudens ' ; ' sensible '.
sobor, adj., comp. sobrax, sobyr, W.S. [Sobre]; sobr, D., s.v.
'sobrius'; i Thess. v. 6; sobor, P.G.G. 197. 2. (i) 'sober',
i. e. not drunk. (2) ' severe ; serious, grave ' : sbi:o n sooor, ' to
look severe ' ; Kin sobrad a saint, " as sober as a judge ". (3)
' awful, dreadful ' : 9 dym sobra o rym, ' the worst kind of man of
all '. (4) ' extremely ' : m sobor o bra.-v.
sobri, v., cf. sobrio, W,S. [Waxe sobre] ; sobri, T.N. 28. 35.
(i) ' to become sober '. (2) ' to become serious '. (3) ' to quieten
down ' : sobri ar o:l gwiltjo.
uss K k
498 sobruyb — sort
sobruyft, s.m., sobrwydd, Acts xxvi. 25, 'sobriety, seriousness'.
sodli, v., sodli, O.P. (i) ' to heel* (boots). (2) ' to go, move* :
sod/a i dim kam ar i o:l o. (3) ' to trip up '.
sodro, v. (i) ' to solder '. (2) ' to strike ' : mi d* sodra i di.
soig, s., soeg, D., ' brewers' grains '.
soiglan, s.f., siglen, D., ' vorago ' ; cf. also soegen, D., ' madidus,
maceratus'. W.S. has soeglen, without meaning, (i) ' quagmire '.
(2) ' gathering on the hand, etc.' (JJ.). (3) term of reproach for a
woman : he:n sb'iglan vydyr.
sokjan, v., in the exp. sokjan berwi, ' to simmer ' (Bangor).
sokjo, v., sockio, W.S. [Soke] ; Eng. (Dial.) soak [to bake
thoroughly, esp. of bread], ' to bake thoroughly ' : / ddi r bara dim
wedi sokjo.
sox, soch, T.N. 347. 2, a call to a pig to make it move out of
the way.
solat, adj. (i) 'solid; sound, strongly built* : dy:n solat ; — mor
solat a \arag, ' as sound as a bell ' ; dim zno n solat, * not quite all
there '. (2) ' to be depended upon ' : dy:n solat.
somadiga6,/bmadiga0, s., sommedigaeth, W.S. [Desceyt]; siomedi-
gaeth, G.O. ii. 128. 25, 'disappointment*.
somedig, fomedig, adj., siommedig, Prov. xxxi. 30. (i) 'dis-
appointing, not coming up to expectation ' : may r kloguyn an somedig
weiOja, i.e. as regards slate-bearing qualities. (2) 'disappointed'.
sommi,/ommi,v., siommi, sommi,D., ' to disappoint ' : r o.yd disgul
maur o'ruQo vo a vonta n i sommi nu.
so:n, s., son, D., ' talk, report J ' : du i wedi klu:ad so:n bo:d . . .,
' I have heard that . . / ; / o:ys dim so:n am dani hi n 9 pappy r
newyd, ' there is nothing about it in the newspaper '.
so:n, v., cf. sonio, D., ' to say ' : ma nu n so:n, ' they say ', " on
dit " • sonjun i dim am dano vo ond . . ., 'I would not mention it,
but (that) . . .' ; so:n am aust gwilja r dolig, * to talk unseasonably '.
sondt s.m., Eng. (Dial.) sond [sand], Lan., Chs., ' sand ' = towod,
sund.
soppan, s.f., soppen, R., Eng. (Dial.) sop [e. g. a tuft of damp hay
among the drier], (i) 'a bundle; a mass squeezed together'
(O.P.) : m ly:b soppan dail domman, ' dripping wet ' ; S9r6jo n soppan
varu, ' to fall all of a heap without showing a sign of life ', e. g.
from a great height ; wedi maru n soppan, implies ' killed on the
spot '. (2) ' hussy ' : hem soppan vydyr^ hem soppan dizvis, but when
applied to a child = merely ' naughty girl '.
sori, v., sorri, D., ' to sulk ' : plant wedi son;— -paid a sort d)
galon} ' do not fret ' ; may o m 9/ambar son, ' he is sulking '.
so: s — slafaldja 499
so:s, s., ' sauce '.
sosar, s.f., pi. soseri, sawsser, B.H. 148. 33, 'saucer*.
sosi,fo/i\ adj., sosi, T.N. 4. 32, 'saucy*.
sosidg, s.pl., sing, sosan, f., 'sausages'. Also 'sosindgar, pi.
sosindgars ; cf. Eng. (Dial.) sossinger, sausinger.
sospan, s.f., pi. sospenni, ' saucepan ' : ko:ys sospan, t handle of a
saucepan '.
sospennad, s.f., pi. sospyneidja, ' saucepanful '.
sottyn (O.H.) ; fottyn (J.J.), s.m., ' sot ' : may o ny:nfottyn mt&u,
' he is a drunken sot '.
soBax, s., sothach, D., ' faex, quisquiliae, scoria *, ' rubbish ' : tavlu\
£ he:n soBax na i r ta:n ; sgurf'o so6axy farad riu hem so6a\. — Also
a term of reproach : r ht:n soBax !
serudul, s.m., pi. sod/a, sawdl, D. ; sowdl, B.C. 36. 14, 'heel' (of
the foot, or a shoe) : may o wedi mynd ar i he:n sodla, ' he has
become old ' ; / ei di by& yu\'la:u baud serudul (yux baud na strudut),
* you will never get on in the world ' ; s0udul kry:b, ' mercury, all
good, good King Henry ' (Chenopodium Bonus-Henricus).
semldjur, s.m., pi. seruldjurs, sowdiwr, W.S. [A soudyour] ;
sawdwyr (pi.), B.C. 19. 9; sowldier, C.L.C. i. 28. 13, 'soldier'.
sound, adj., sownd, T.N. 282. 29 ; Eng. sound, (i) ' fast, tight ' :
Kin svundad a \lo:\ 9 bala ; — da\i wedi rhoi kulum arno vo n rhy:
smnd, ' you have tied it too tight '. (2) ° attached ' (to), ' fastened '
(to) : mi 'vasaxi n 'ayhovjo x pen oni ba: i vo:dm s0und'mo\i, ' you
would forget your head if it was not fastened to your shoulders ' ; —
r o.yd 9 Kt: n sewnd uB 9 gadar ; — pym ty: m s0und uB i £1/28, ' five
houses in a row ' ; mi eiB m svund m i la:u hi, ' it will stick to her
hand ' ; mi a:B m saund ar va:\ Ki:g, ' he caught on a meat-hook '.
(3) ' sound, compact '. (4) * correct, ship-shape '. (5) ' sound ' of
sleeping : hsgy n semnd. (6) { intently ', after verbs of looking : du
i y gweldyt n edrax n o srnmd arna i. (7) used loosely with almost
any verb to express intensity of action : \uQy n semnd, rhewin s0und,
' to blow hard ', ' to freeze hard '.
s0undars, s., ' skin surrounding the loins of a pig '.
s0undjo, v., ' to make firm, compact '.
s0ury, v., cf. sawrio, D., 'to savour ' : may o n s#ury 0 . . ., 'it
savours of . . .' (W.H.).
s0u6, s., ' South Wales * : dy:n o r s0uQ, mynd i r s0uB.
s0waBy interj., ysywaeth, D., ' alas ! ' : m s0waB (O.H.).
slabal, s.f., pi. stabla, ystabyl, W.S., 'stable*.
stafaldja; siravaldja (O.K.), s.pl. ; cf. yscaffald, W.S. [A scaffolde],
' scaffolding '.
Kk2
500
stafaldjo — sta:yn
stafaldjo ; stravaldjo (O.K.), v., ' to erect scaffolding '.
stafjo, v. (i) 'to snatch, grab ' : stafjo 9 kubul ; stafjo pe:6 9n
•ayrvreidlon ; stafjo k0ulad o we:lt. (2) used to intensify verbs :
stafjo mynd, bytta, deyd Kelwyb.
stafjur, s.m., ' grabber '.
stagrjo, stagro, v., Eng. stagger, ' to struggle ' : stagro n erbyn
s^rdjo ; — stagra vo vaint vy:d vznno vo, vedar o dim roid i bu:ar,
1 struggle as it will, it cannot get scope to put forth its full strength '
(of a fish in a net) ; — stagro dan i bayx ; — stagro i vyu ; — also of
horses : * to be restive '.
stalan, s.f. (in slate quarries), ' a block of good slate extracted
from a poor piece of rock '.
staluyn, s.m., ystalwyn, K.H. 38. 4 ; W.S. [Stallant, stalune];
G.R. 68. 6; D., 'stallion'.
stamp) s.m., pi. stamps, ' stamp ' : stamp dimma, tri: stamp Keinjog.
stampar, s.f., (in slate quarries) ' stamper : instrument for stamping
down the powder in a hole bored for blasting '.
stampin, s.m., (in slate quarries) ' slate or granite dust placed on
the top of the powder in a hole bored for blasting '.
stampjo, v., (in slate quarries) ' to use a stampar '.
standar(f], s.m., ' the prop which supports the shaft of a cart when
it is at rest ' ; 9n sevyl tru: r dy:8 vel standart (O.H.).
standi(nfolax> s.m., ' an insignificant individual ' : ta:u di r he:n
standinfolax /, said to one who is trying to lord it over a better man
than himself.
stanf, adj., Eng. staunch, ' steady, reliable '.
stan/'o, v., f to become steady ' : also ' to staunch ', e. g. a boat
or tub.
stayk, s., ystang, D., Eng. (Dial.) stang [A pole, post, rail] ;
stank, Shr., Mtg., Rdn., ' stump of a tree ', esp. 'the stump of a young
tree which has been cut down, and upon which shoots from another
tree are grafted '.
startf, s.m., ' starch '.
star tfo, v., 'to starch '.
starvjO) v., ' to die of cold ' : r 0:8 hi mor o:yr nes o:n i dgest a
starvjo.
sta:t, s.f., pi. statja, ystat, W.S. [State] ; ystad, D., ' state,
appearance ' : faf'un sta:t o:y§ arno vo ?
sta:t} s.f., pi. statja^ ' estate '.
stay, v. [gwasta'tay\.
stayn, s.f., ' stain ' ; also fig. : sta:yn ar i gariktor.
stays — s/imdrug 501
stays, s., ystaes, T.N. 280. 7, ' stays' (article of dress).
stebvod, s.f., pi. stebvoda, eisteddfod, D.
st*gy [gostegy].
ste'injo, v., ystaenio, D., ' to stain '; also fig. : ste'injo i fcariktor.
stelkan, stalkan, s., ' a short interval of rest ' : gwe'i&i stelkan (O.H.).
stelkar, s.m., 'a slovenly workman who only works when the
master's eye is on him ' (O.H.).
stelkjan, v., ystalkio ne sielkian, W.S. [Stalke], ' to lurk about,
loiter, skulk ' : / tdi o y gne'yd dim ond sUlkjan hyd 3 klobja, ' he does
nothing but loiter about along the hedges ' : stelkjan i r ty:, ' to
skulk into the house '.
ste:m, s., ' steam '.
stemar, s.f., 'steamer*.
ste:n, s., pi., ystSn, D., ' milking-pail '. (Now pisar.)
stent, s., cf. ystent, W.LI. Ivii. 71 ; stent, xiii. 24, etc. [in general
sense of ' estate, expanse ', F.N.], Eng. extent. Cf. also (Dial.) stent
[to extend, stretch out], ' spreader ', i. e. the cross-piece of wood
behind a horse to keep the traces from charing its sides.
step) s.f., pi. stepja, ' step ' (of vehicles, etc.).
steppan, s.f., ' step ' : steppan y dru:s, * door-step '.
steps, s.f., 'step-ladder*.
stera\y s., ' an undergrown. animal ' (esp. of pigs) : he:n sterax o
voxyn; also of human beings. — (O.H.)
sterjo, v., ' to stare ' = krafy, fygadrriy, tremjo, watfo.
siefon, s.f., pi. s/e/bns, ' railway station '.
stidjo, v., ystudiaw, L.A. 1 1. 1 ; studio, D.F. [v]. 13 ; G.R. (6) 16 ;
[94] 13; stidio, C.C.M. 29. ii. (i) 'to study'. (2) 'to do some-
thing intently ', e. g. stidjo klu:ad, ' to listen intently '.
stido, v., cf. ystid, D., catena, (i) 'to strike, to beat': stido
plant ; stido n aru btia hi', — of rain : may hi n stido (buru), ' it is
pouring with rain ' (more commonly tref'o). (2) ' to perish from
cold or hunger ' in the exp. bron a stido.
stifio, v., 'to become stiff': dy:n wedi stifio n i loda\ — also used
of failing memory : 3 ko: n stifjo.
stifruyb, s.m., stiffrwydd, T.N. 448. 16, 'stiffness*.
stiljo, v. (i) ' to distil; strain through a sieve': stiljo sikkan.
(2) in the phrase holi a stiljo, ' to inquire persistently, to examine
minutely '. [Perhaps not the same word.] Cf. holi a chwilio,
B.C. 126. 14.
stim&rug ; stimrug (O.K.), adj., 'full of tricks, mischievous,
502
stimja — stompjur
tricky ' : dy:n stimrug = dy:n 9m byu ar stimja dru:g, — m 8igon
sttmrug i gadu i hynan (O.H.).
stimja, s.pl., cf. ystum, D. (i) ' contortions, antics ' : gneyd stimja
ar i gorf; — gneyd stimja uB weiBjo ; — gneyd po:b ma:B o stimja
arno vo i hy:n, ' to make all sorts of antics ', esp. ' contortions of
the face, grimaces ' : gneyd (tmny) stimja (ar iwynab\ (2) ' tricks ' :
laun o stimja dru:g ; ma: luynogod m stimja i gi:d ; — stimja sy arno
*vo is often said of one who shams sickness.
stimjo, v., ystumio, D. ; cf. also s.v. « vncus ', « voluo '. (i) 'to
contort (oneself) ' : stimjo i hy:n uB weiBjo. (2) ' to go out of
shape, askew '. Cf. Fr. grimacer.
stimjog, adj., ystumiawg, O.P., ' tricky, full of cunning tricks '.
stinjog, Ffestiniog.
stinKi, stinK^ s., term of reproach : hem stinKi pengalad (J J.).
stiff, s.m., ' stitch ' (in the side). Cf. pigin.
stiujo, v., ' to stew '.
stiupid, adj., Eng. stupid, ' stubborn, pig-headed ' = styf, pinjonfyd
(so in Northern Eng. dialects), i. e. dy:n t o:ys dim posib i bbgy o,
dy:n heb i dori ; — m stiupid ar i bunk, ' sticking doggedly to his
point '.
stiupjo, v., ' to be stubborn, to sulk ' = penjoni
stiupruyb, s.m., ' stubbornness, pig-headedness '.
stiwart, s.m., pi. stiwardjad, ystiward, W.B. col. 412. 2 ; ystiwart,
R.B. ii. 406. 17; G.C. 138. 3, 'steward'.
stokkyn, s.m., Eng. stock, applied to a strong man : riu he:n
stokkyn o dy:n (O.K.). Cf. stukkyn.
sto:l, s.f, pi. stoJjon, ystol, W.S. [A stole] ; ystol, D. ; stol. M.LI,
i. 170. 2, * stool ' : sto:l odro, ' milking-stool ' ; sto:l driBrod, ' three-
legged stool ' : sto:l da:s, ' bracken, etc., which forms the base of a
haystack ' ; — also the stand on which a kogurn works ; — ka:l sto:l,
' ventrem exonerare ' : toary \i ga>'l slo:l? (asked by doctors).
sto:l, s.f., pi. sto:ls, l stall ; (for cattle).
stomp, s.f., 'a bungle, mess': y:d wedi neyd zn stomp, 'corn which
has been trampled down ' ; gneyd ^ bu:yd an stomp, ' to cook badly,
make a mess of the cooking '.
stompjo, v., ystompio, W.S. [Stampe]. (i) 'to bungle ' : os na
vedar dy:n neyd peB, vedar o dim ond i stompjo vo ; — stompjo gol\i ; —
stompjo gneyd bu:yd ; — stompjo r mortar, ' not to temper the mortar
properly '. (2) ' to mess ; mess about, play with mud, etc.' : stompjo
n 9 du:r ; stompjo r bur§, ? laur. (3) ' to trample down ' : y:d wedi
stompjo.
stompjur, s.m., ' bungler ' : stompjur o weiBjur.
stond — sfrut 503
stond, adj., Eng. stand, stopjo n stond, * to stop dead ' ; mi savoH
(sevoti) m stond, ' he stood stock still ' ; ne'id stand, ' a standing jump '.
Cf. neidio o stond, VV.S. [Jumpe] ; ar naid ystont, C.L.C. ii. 15. u.
stondin, s.f., Eng. standing, ' stall at a fair ' ; ko[i r stondin, ' to
lose one's position, to lose caste '.
stopjo, v., ystopiaw, S.G. 72. 7 ; ystopio, W.S., 'to stop': pen
stoppiB 3 giant, * when the rain stops ' — and in other senses of the
English word.
sto:r, s.f., ysdor, D.G. i. 8; stor, D.G. Ixxx. 39. (i) 'shop,
store '. (2) ' plenty ' : may gmo vo sto:r = digonak.
storad, s.m., hestoraid, D., s.v., ' modius ', ' modiolus ' ; cf. hestawr,
W.B. col. 481. 8, a measure = 4 hbmnad ; day storad = hobad
(O.H.).
stordyn, s.m., ' an imperious person ' : hem stordyn lartf.
start, s.f., pi. streyon, stry.on, yst6ri, D. ; cf. D.G. ccxxii. 18;
ystraeon (pi.), T.N. 323.41. (i) 'story': deyd stry:on, 'to tell
stories ' ; faba &in 9 nhaid lawar jaun o stry:on ; — stry:on kluybog,
' lying tales ' ; paid a gnicyd stori vaur ono vo, ' don't make a long
story about it'; troi r stori, ' to change the subject*. (2) in pi.
' gossip, tales ' : hel slry.on, ' gossip ' ; karjo stry:on, ' to tell tales '.
Cf. stray.
stormy s, adj., ystormus, O.P., ' stormy '.
storom, s.f., pi. stormyb, yst6rm, D. ; storom, C.C. 28. 1 1, ' storm '.
s torus, s.f., ' storehouse ' : s torus duygwrtxi was a storehouse for
herrings at Dwygyfylchi ; there was also one at Llanfairfechan
(O.K.) ; s torus galx = odyn gal\, ' lime-kiln ' (J.J.).
story n, s.m., pi. sto:rs, ' a young pig not yet ready for fattening ',
— the intermediate stage between por\al and lavn.
stottyn, s.m., cf. ystotyn, M.F., 'an ignorant fellow with a good
opinion of himself (?), O.H.
sterukan, s.f., ' a surly, sulky woman ' : 'ma: £in honna he:n eilja
tnmjonjaun — 'ma:y hi n he:n st0ukan (O.H.).
st0uKi, s.m., cf. costawcki, B.H. 185. 8 [a kind of dog] ; costowcwn
(pi.), D.P.O. 109. i, 'a sulky, surly person ' ; golug steruKi, ' a surly
look '. Cf. Brwnt gantho fynd ith Crogi Cysdywci crwitci crog.
A.— Ellis Roberts.
stBukjo, v., ' to sulk, show temper ' : moruyn m stgukjo ag ?y kodi
n erbyn i mistras—ty kay gwrando (O.H.).
steut, adj., ystowt, C.C.M. 21.2; stout, C.C. 15. 23 ; Eng. stout.
!i) ' plucky ' : welis i him by:d eri'o:yd mor stemt a r he:ngi: ba:\ na.
2) ' stout, solid ' : puttyn byr ?di o, steut, bsti, ' he is a solid, stoutly-
built little fellow '. (3) 4 fierce ' : edrax m steut ar ru:in ;— farad
m st0ut = farad m vrunt, gwiltjo, arOjo; — m stout vel Ki: potjur.
504 strafagljo — slra:yn
strafagljo, v., cf. ystryffaglio, M.F., f to stumble along or through
anything, to make one's way with difficulty ', e.g. through thorns,
etc. : be u:ti n strafagljo for na ?
strafaldjan, strafaldjo, v., ' to loiter about doing nothing ' : be uti
n strafaldjo 3 van ma? (O.H.).
strafaldyn, s.m., ' a loiterer, lazy lout ' : hem strafaldyn di:og
(O.H.).
strafjo, v., ' to spoil, tear ' : sirafjo dilad = dragjo, maly (O.H.).
straflyd, adj., gwastrafflyd, ' extravagant' (hevo pe6).
strafux, s.m., * a shabby, slovenly person ' : he:n strafux ble:r (dim
dm piykjo i hy:ri) — O.H.
stragal, s.m., ' one who is untidy in clothes or work ' : riu he:n
slragal o fy:n o:y$ o (O.H.).
stragljo, v., Eng. struggle, (i) ' to resist ' : stragljo rhag gneyd
peB — siraykjo n erlyn peB. (2) 'to attempt something of which
one is incapable, to struggle with ' : stragljo gneyd peB ; t zdi o Sim
ond stragljo, may o n rhy: wan i xodi hi ; be: u:ti n stragljo ? rhaid
i ti ga:yl help.
strayk, s.f., pi. straykja, ystrangc, strategema, D. ; strank, I.G.
540. 1 1, ' act of kicking, struggling against; act of being recalcitrant,
refractory ' [" strank " is common in Anglo- Welsh, and is frequently
applied to children, but also to adults]. — Also s.m., ' a recalcitrant
fellow ' : hem strayk I
straykan, s.f., ' a recalcitrant woman '.
strayKi, s.m., ' a recalcitrant fellow '.
straykjo, v., ystrangcio, D.P.O. 264. 7, * to kick against, struggle
against ; to be recalcitrant, refractory ' ; Anglo- Welsh, " to strank ".
strap, s.m., pi. straps, strapja, ' strap ' : du:ad at i strapja, « to
return to one's traces, come back to reason, submit again to authority' :
deux yfynu, mi do:nu at i strapja etto ; also ' strop '.
strapjo, v., ' to strap ' ; ' to strop ' : strapjo rasal.
strappan, s.f., cf. Eng. (Dial.) strap [A term of contempt or abuse,
applied esp. to a bold girl], Irel. (i) a term of reproach used, e. g.
to a child who has spoilt her clothes : r hem strappan ba:\ vydyr
(O.H.). (2) ' a tall strong healthy woman ' (in this sense probably
connected with Eng. * strapping ' as in the exp. ' a fine, strapping
girl ') : strappan o hogan gre:.
strappar, s.f., ' strumpet '.
stray, strays, stra:s, s., a plural form from stori, ' tales, tittle-
tattle ' : hmeuta o r nai{ dy: i r lal i hel slra:s (O.H.). Cf. stori.
strayn, s., ' strain, excessive effort '.
strebog — •s/rim' straw strefax 505
strebog, s.f., cf. ystrepog, M.F., term of reproach for a woman :
9 strebog vaur, de:ut bi:og.
stri'ik, s.f., ' strike ' (refusal to work).
strcikjo, v. (i) 'to strike' (refuse to work). (2) 'to throw
stones up at a window to attract attention '.
s/rti/jo, v., distreulio, D., s.v., * elauo ' ; ' to rinse ' : strtiljo dijad
tru:y du:r.
sir civ jo, v., streifio, T.N. 134. 19, 'to sprain': streivjo i droyd
ne la:u.
strel£i, s.m., cf. Eng. (Dial.) streel [To stroll, saunter], and s.
[An untidy, dirty person], Irel., term of reproach : 9 strel&i bydyr.
strdjo, v., * to scold severely '.
stremmit, s.f., ? Eng. extremity, ' mess ' : gneyd stremmit o
honi hi.
stremp) s., pi. strempja. ( i ) ' smudge, blur, splash ' : d'eilan a
strempja gwyn ami hi. (3) 'a bespattering': stremp o boiri, 'a
bespattering of spittle ', e. g. on the floor. (3) ' mess ' : wedi gneyd
stremp o hono vo ; gneyd riu he:n stremp o waiQ. (4) as term of
reproach of both genders : ta:u sr he:n stremp vydyr.
strempjo, v., ' to bespatter ' : paid a strempjo poiri hyd 9 four;
gwarBag m strempjo i ba:u hyd ?ford.
stretf, s.f. (i) 'a stretch'. (2) 'an exaggeration' : dma stretf!;
dzna stretf o 'an'wirab!
stretfo; stredgo (O.K.), v. (i) ' to stretch '. (2) « to exaggerate ' :
paid a stretfo.
s/reu, s., pi. streus, ' sparrow ' (E.J.). This word appears
to belong only to the western portion of the district. Common
at Carnarvon, but unknown to O.H. = deryn (9) to:.
s/rej'gar, adj., cf. stori, ' given to gossiping ' : tavod streygar.
streylyd, adj., cf. stori, ' given to gossiping ' : dmas streylyd.
strik, s., ystrick, W.S. [Stryke]. (i) 'strike, strickle': slrik 9
Kibin, ' an instrument of wood with a straight edge for striking off
the surplus grain and making it level with the rim of a Kibin '. (2)
' strike, strickle ' : ' an instrument for sharpening scythes, consisting
of a piece of wood on which grease (saim) is laid and sand (gryt) ' :
hogi pladyr a strik.
strikjo, v., 'to strike ', i. e. to use a strickle : strikjo r y:d.
strikjo, v., 'to be wasted, look ill ' : may o wedi strikjo n aru =
kutfo.
'strim'stram-strelax, adv., cf. dinbenstrellach, B.C. 114. 7, ' helter-
skelter, higgledy-piggledy '.
5 06 striyan — stry:d
striyan, s.f., term applied to a thin woman : may hi n he:n striyan
dena (O.K.).
striuja, s.pl., cf. ystryw, D., ' tricks, mischievousness ' : m laun o
striuja dru:g i £i:d = dn laun o bixe^'on 3 val ; — striuja 9 ksQral —
(O.H.).
strodaQ, v., gwastrodedd (properly ' the office of a groom '), G.O. ii.
189. 31 ; Cymru Fu, 207. 33, 'to master': may if'o ru:in i da
strodaQ di\ — also ' to inspect as a master does workmen', " to boss " :
mynd i strodaQ be daxi wedi rieyd ; ma gin ti lawar o sirodaQ am 3
dgob ; strodaQ o i gumpas o.
strodyr, s.m., ystrodur, D., ' the saddle of a draught-horse,
cart-saddle ' ; — also ' pack-saddle '.
strok^ s., cf. Eng. (Dial.) stroke [A section of the iron rim or tire
of a wheel], called strock in s.Chs. and War., ' a stone placed under
the wheel of a cart '.
stro:k, s., pi. stro:ks, ' a stroke ; paralytic stroke ' ; — after a
negative 9ry:n stro:k — ' the least, the slightest ' : SovjoS o 8tm ar
y:n stro:k, ' it did not become tame in the slightest ' ; — 8ary o dim
brivo 9ry:n stro:k ; — du i dim dn dy:al ry:n stro:k. (All O.H.)
strokjo, v., ' to put a stone under the wheel of a cart ' : sirokjo
r drol.
strokkan, s.f. = strok.
strolgar \mistrolgar\.
strolt \rnislr oli\
stronfyd, adj., ' given to gossiping ' : pobol stronlyd = sfrfygar,
streylyd.
s/ronot, adj., estronol, ' keeping aloof : may hi ny:n slronoljaun.
stroy, adj., Eng. strong, ' domineering ' : dy:n stroy = dy:n am
vis troli paub (O.H.).
strvugar, adj., ystrywgar, D. ; ystrowgar, G.R. 6. n, 'crafty,
wily '.
strmilyn, s.m., Eng. stroll, 'vagabond': hem str0ulyn &?0ra/(O.H.).
strumbul, s.m., 'anything in the way' (I.W.); may o n or mod o
strumbul, ' it is too bulky '.
strybad, s.m., ' a long list ' : may o wedi deyd strybad maur am
•danati, ' he has told a long series of stories about you ' ; — expressive
of large size or great quantity : strybad o gelwyb (-an-wirad), ' a
monstrous lie ' ; strybad o gerig, arjan, etc., ' a very large quantity
of stones, money, etc.'
stryban, s.f. = strabiban (?), ' strumpet ' (?).
stry:d, s.f., pi. stndoft, ystryt, W.B. col. 431. 25 ; W.S. [A strete];
strydum — s/una 507
ystr^d, D., « street ' : Her ad > slry:d, ' to walk about the street ' ; ?m
lyu m yry:n stry:d a vi:, ' living in the same street as I ' ; stry.d
va\a, ' stilts'; cf. D. tudfach, ystudfach.
strydum, s., cf. ystrydwm, M.F., ' rigmarole ' : slrydum o eirja ; —
/ 9di o torn m wi:r, riu strydum o stori *di o = pen/ur o beBa gwa:g
-(O.H.).
strydum ', v., ' to make a rigmarole ' : paid a strydum peB vtl na
(O.H.).
str9biban, s.f., ' strumpet '.
strtbljo, v. = hBnbljo (?), ' to disturb ' (?).
strrfgan, v., ' to bother '.
strrtjan, v., * to strut '.
stu:al; sty:al (O.H.), s., fustwial, W.S. [A swyngell] ; ffustwiail,
D. (no meaning), ' flail-yard, swipple '.
stuf, s.m., ystwff, W.S. [Stuffe] ; ' a kind of homespun of stiff
quality and usually striped , — worn by women : stufkartra ; pais
s/uf(cf. pais a bekkuri) ; frog stuf.
stufjo, v., stwffio, C.L.C. ii. 23. 2; T.N. 172. 4; Eng. stuff,
(i) 'to push in with difficulty', e.g. a book where there is hardly
room for it on the shelf; — stuf jo heylan i du^; — so of persons:
r o:nu wedi stuf jo ano, ' they were jammed ' ; syt Kesti dy bi:g i veun ?
stufjofhy.n bary mi, ' how did you get your nose in ? ' 'I pushed
my way in ' ; stuf jo at 9 fa:n, ' to get close to the fire '. (2) fig. ' to
push, to be pushing ' ; 'to make up to ' : may o n stuf jo at baub.
(3) ' to be suffocated '. (4) ' to press ' (something on some one) :
stuf jo rubaQ arno vo. (5) 'to stuff', e.g. with food. (6) * to stuff',
e. g. a fowl. (7) * to stop ' a tooth.
stuful, s.m., pi. stzfla, ystwffwl, D., ' staple ' ; cf. (but with different
meaning) ystyffwl, W.B. col. 129. 22.
stuk, s., pi. sbkja, ystwck(,) cogwrn o yd, W.S. [Shocke of corn,
stacke], 'stook': a number of sheaves (generally 12) standing
together, — formerly six standing upright and three bound together
and lying on the top of the others ; cf. na:u ; — of persons : stuk o
8y:n, ' a strong, solidly built man '.
stukkyn, s.m., in the exp. stukkyn o 8y:n, ' a short stumpy man '
(Bangor). Cf. stokkyn.
stump, s., pi. sbmpja, ystwmp, W.S. [Stumpe]. (i) in the phrase
stump ar stymmog, said of a hateful person : may o n du:ad zmma n
rhy: ammal — may o wedi mynd m stump ar V9 stymmog i. (2) sheep's
ear-mark so called \no:d\ (3) ' waste from horse-shoes used formerly
for strengthening the soles of clogs ' (O.H.). Cf. klemp.
s/una, stunna^ v. (i) ' to muddle along' : r u:tt n hi:r jaun m
s/una hevo r pe:B, 'you have been a long time muddling with the
thing ' ; — s/una kay gwal, s/una tori drain, etc. ; — s/una tippin smma
508
stunf — shlan
ag akku. (2) ' to wander about idly, to potter about ' : be u:ti n
stuna o gumpas ? ; be u:ti n siuna d 9 van ma ?
stunf, s.m. (i) ' anything mashed': stunf tattus^ rudis, kabaitf,
fa:,py:s, etc. (2) « nonsense '.
stunf'o, v. (i) ' to mash ' : stunf 'o tattus. (2) 'to talk nonsense ' :
paid a stunf o ; stunf'o hevo i giliS = ponf'o, fodro, 'dafcgeibjo.
stunt, s., stwnt, C.L.C. ii. 22, 18, 'a sort of vessel for keeping
butter' (long since obsolete, O.H.).
j/0.r, s.m., ystwr, T.N. 65. 37, O.F. estour; Eng. (Dial.) stour.
[A quarrel, strife; bustle, commotion], Sc. and n.Cy., ' stir, noise ;
fuss ' : kadu, gneyd stu:r, ' to make a noise ' ; 'ma: gin ti stu:r /,
' you are making a noise ! ' ; ta:u dz stu:r ; paid a \odi stu:r.
sturan, s.f., ' a nagging woman, a scold ' : he:n sturan o fonas
(O.H.).
sturjan, stuirjan, v., cf. ymystwyro, D. (i) 'to stretch oneself.
(2) ' to have a stretch, to wander about idly ' j ' to muddle along
with a piece of work ' (= stuna).
sturmant, starmant, styrmant, s., Eng. instrument : ' Jew's harp '.
sturfunt s.m., ' sturgeon '.
sturyn, s.m., ' one who is continually grumbling, nagging, harping
about something ' (O.H.).
stuyo, v., cystwyo, costwyo, D., ' to chastise '.
stuyBo, v., ystwytho, D. (i) ' to bend, soften ' : 'stuyBuxilyQ m ono
voy ' you will never make him bend ' ; stuyQux ? menyn, ' soften the
butter ' ; — also fig. in the sense of the " softening " effect produced
by adversity or some act of Providence ; — from the idea of ' bending
the back ' and thus ' to apply oneself with energy ' comes the
meaning ' to set to ' : vedar o dim stuyBo i neyd rubaQ, ' he cannot
bring himself to do something ', e. g. because of laziness or bad
health ; rhaid i mi stuyQo rhag ido ga:l if orb i hy:n, ' I must be firm
with him '. (2) ' to steep ' : stuy&o peQa meun du:r.
styf, adj., comp. stifjax, ' stiff; stubborn ' = stiupid, pitijonfyd.
styl, adj. and adv., Eng. still, ' often ' : may o n mynd mo (n) styl.
stymgar^ adj., ' having a good appetite '.
stymmog, s.f., pi. stymoga, 'stymog, T.N. 129. 2. (i) ' stomach'
= bol. (2) ' appetite ' : kodi slymmog, ' to get, give an appetite ' ; —
du:ad at i stymmog is said of one who has come to himself after
having taken offence at some trifle.
st9dt, adj., ' steady ' : dy:n stadi = dy:n gwastad.
stdlan, s.f., pi. stalennod, stlennod, ystyllen, W.B. col. 180. 8; estyllen,
D., s.v. « astell ', ' plank ' : stdlan t>n':d, ' mouldboard of a plough ' ;
stomoygar — su.'ft 509
sb(an Hum, ' plumb-rule ' ; stefan birwin, ' winding-blade ' \kogurn\ ;
— ' board placed under a dead body immediately after death ' :
may o ar 9 stefan, ' he is just dead '; — also a term of reproach for
a woman (J.J.).
stomoygar \smoygar\.
st*rbjo> v., Eng. disturb, ' to upset ' (the mind) : may o wedi sitrbjo,
* he is upset '.
sbrjad) v., ystyried, D., ' to consider ' : ma jawar jaun 3m prjodi
heb stwjad be ma nu n rityd ; — erbyn stirjad, 'when one comes to
think ', ' when one considers ' ; dym a sbrjo /, exclamation implying
pity.
sttrjo, v., ' to stir, make haste ' : stir/a /, ' make haste ! ' ; stnja
d) goydl, ' stir your stumps ! '
sforjol, adj., ystyriol, B.C. 10. 6, 'mindful1, applied e.g. to one
who looks well after his own affairs — ar i drayd m vora ag m
edrax ar o:l i beQa i r dim (O.H.).
stormant \sturmant\
strvnig, adj., ystyfnig, D., ' stubborn, churlish, insolent'.
sfwntgruyd, s.m., ystyfnigrwydd, D., s.v. ' peruicacia ' ; ' stubborn-
ness, obstinacy '.
sukkur, s.m., swckwr, W.S. [Socoure] ; swccwr, W.LI. (Voc.) s.v.
1 porthorddwy ' ; P.G.G. 187. 4. (i) ' refuge, shelter ' : rhoidsukkur
= loxas, nodva. (2) ' encouragement, welcome, enticement ' : d o:ys
na dim sukkur i ne:b vynd mo ru:an, ' it is not very enticing for any
one to go there now '.
sukro, v., swccro, C.L.C. iv. 20, 17 ; C.C. 70. 24, ' to encourage,
entice ' : / oyftun i dim 9n i sukro hi, ' I did not encourage it ' (e.g.
an animal to come to the house) ; sukro Hi: i vynd ar ol devoid,
' to encourage a dog to go after sheep ' ; may n sukro i xig*sgy* ' ft
sends you off to sleep '.
su:x, s.f., pi. s?xa, swch, D., ' ploughshare '.
sulan, s.f., ' a dealing old woman ' : riu he:n sulan ba:\ tdi hi
(O.H.).
sul/a, v., ' to pry into, to pry about in search of '. Cf. \lotta.
sulfjur, s.m., ' one who pries into, pries about in search of things '.
suljan, sulan, v. (i) ' to grumble, harp on the same string ' : paid
a sulan ?ry:n pe:B ; paid a suljan o hy:dm y glhy:st i. ( 2) ' to prattle '
(of children): 9di o n medry farad? may o n de\ra suljan farad —
(O.K.).
sulpran, s., term of reproach : f he:n sulpran bydyr (of a man
or woman), O.H.
su:lj, s.m., pi. srtja, swllt, D., ' shilling' : su:lt a gro:/t ' one and
5io
sum — suppar
fourpence '. For day su:U, iri: su:ll, deysult and trisult are some-
times used. ' Five shillings ' generally = koron • ' ten shillings '
generally =
sum, s.m., swm, M.LI. i. 200, 16, 'sum'.
sum, s.m., O.F. somme [burden] ; cf. bete de somme, ' burden ' :
. . , a hiBa n sum maur. — Used of a pregnant woman : ma: sum maur
mi hi— (O.H.).
sumbul, s.m., pi. smfola, swmbwl, D., 'ox-goad*. — fig. 'incite-
ment '.
sumbsly \s3mb3ly~\.
sum/o, ssmjo, v., swmio, W.S. [Uewe, sume] ; D., ' to estimate the
weight of something ', e. g. by holding it in the hand : uB i sumjo
vo da\i n amma ag dn mynd wedyn i buyso vo.
sumpax, s., ' some one who is always in the way, hindrance ' :
do:s o: ma 9 sumpax 'an'huylys ! ; dmjon ne blant 3n y:n sumpax ar *
ford (O.K.).
su:n, s.m., swn, D., ' sound, noise ' ; kadu su:n, ' to make a noise ' ;
kadu su:n vel vannoft, ' to nag, to be grumbling continually ' ; grieyd
su:n kri:o, ' to make a sound like crying ' ; du i wedi lary ar d? su:n
di, ' I am tired of your noise '.
sund, s., swnt, W.LI. Iv. 122, 'sand ' = terwod. Cf. sond.
sun/an, v., ' to ask persistently, nag, grumble ' : may o n sunjan
am i suppar ar hy:d9 bedlan; — sunjan vel kakkun meun by:s ko:x, * to
grumble like a bumble-bee in a foxglove '.
sunjo, v., swnio, D., s.v. ' sono ' ; ' to sound, pronounce ' : sy da\i
n sunjo 9x enu /, ' how do you pronounce your name ? '
sunfyd, adj., of a grumbling disposition : dyn sunfyd.
sunnyn, s.m., ' a grumbler ' : he:n sunnyn brunt.
sup, s.m., pi. s9pja, swp, D., ' acervus, cumulus ' ; ' bundle ', sup o
wair,y:d, Silad ; — sup o gerig, ' a heap of stones ' : may r ka.y na
n sup o gerig, ' that field is a mass of stones' ; — fig. may o n sup o
&le:d, ' he is head over ears in debt ' ; — s^rBjo n sup ar laur, ' to fall
huddled up on the floor ' ; mi sdr&is »n sup sa:l, ' I dropped limp ' ;
so also an sup o sa:l ; — wedi mynd a i ben i r ta:n an y:n sup,
' crouching over the fire '.
su:p, s.m., ' soup '.
supjo [s9pjo\.
suppan, s.f. : mi sarQis m suppan, ' I fell all of a heap ', said by
women (cf. sup).
suppar, s.m., pi. sbera, swper, W.S. [A souper]; swpper, D., s.v.
c ccena ' ; ' supper '.
suppyn — swalpjo 5 1 1
suppyn, S9ppyn, s.m., syppyn, D., dim. of sup, l bundle ' : suppyn
0 we.'l/, etc. ; — ista n suppyn ba:\, ' to sit huddled up ' ; — wedi mynd
m suppyn = stpjo, q.v.
surO, adj., swrth, D., ' drowsy ' = hsglyd, marwad ; ' sultry ' =
manual, gwi&il.
sus}fuf, s.m., childish word for 'kiss'.
susan, s.f., dim. of sus, ' kiss '.
sutta, adj., swtta, D., ' sudden, abrupt ' : mi dorob o i laur muya
sutta welis i ri'oyd, ' I never saw any one break down so suddenly ' ;
mi bo:6 9 kwarvod i ben m sutfa ryve&ol, ' the meeting broke up
extraordinarily abruptly ' = 'dir sutta.
su:yb, s.f., swydd, D., ' occupation, employment ' : wedi mynd i u
su.yd; — paub m isu.yd ; — vedar o bimgneydma:6 m 9 by:d o i suyb,
' he cannot make anything whatever out of his employment' ; Kin
keusun i r suyb ?du i mi hi, ' before I could get the employment in
which I am ' ; mi e'ifi mo ny:n suyb, ' I went there of set purpose,
especially '.
suyn, s., swyn, D., 'charm': ma na riu su:yn mo vo;—su:yn
ser\, ' love potion '.
suynog, s.f., pi. suynogyb, myswynog, D., ' vacca ' ; ' a barren cow ' ;
— generally used adjectively : byu\ suynog, but may^awar o suynogyb
m 2 fair.
suynol, adj., swynawl, O.P., ' taking, charming ' : kantur suynol.
swabjo, v., Eng. swap, ' to exchange ' =/eirjo.
swadan, s.f., yswadan, O.P., ' a slap or blow ' : rois i swadan
ve\an t'do vo hevo Kevn vz la:u.
swagar, adj., ' fine, good-looking ': dy:nswagar — wedi ka:yl korf
kbvar nobl (O.K.).
swagro, v., swaggrjo, M.LI. ii. 177. i : swagro, T.N. 283. 26.
(1) 'to swagger, to walk showily ' : Kefyl ay kampjo ag m swagro.
(2) 'to waste through ostentation, etc.' : swagro arjan, swagro peBa
ru:in aral — (O.H.).
swagrur, s.m., swagriwr, C.L.C. ii. 24. 31 ; 'swagrwr, T.N. 408.
1 6. (i) ' a fine-looking fellow ' : may o n swagrur jaun. (2) ' one
who wastes time and money on foolish ostentation ; a swaggerer '.
swalp, s. (i) ' a piece cut off ' : sgolpjo karag = toriswalp o honi
hi. (2) ' a vault ' (leap) : rois i swalp dros y klaub, i. e. trawo 9 nylo
ar ben 9 klauS a tavlyd 9 tra:yd drosob wedyn — {O.H.).
swalpjo^ v. (i) 'to twist about eel-fashion' (I.W.); 'to
flounder'. (2) 'to vault': swalpjo dros 9 ga:t, 9 klaub (O.H.).
(3) ' to jump ' (offish ) : pzsgodm swalpjo meun avon ne vo:r, swalpjo
1 V9ny o r mo:r ; 9n swalpjo ag m neidjo n 9 rhu:yd (O.H.).
512 swalpyn — sy:l
swalpyn, s.m., term of reproach applied to one who does not
stick to the point, but goes from one subject to another : he:n
swalpyn gwirjon (O.H.).
swas, s., Eng. (Dial.) swatch [A narrow channel through a shoal],
Lin., e.Anglia, Kent, ' a small channel ' (O.H.).
swat, adj., Eng. (Dial.) squat and swat [quiet, still ; comfortable,
composed ; hidden, secret], ' cowed ' : Hi: swat, ' a dog with his tail
between his legs ' ; dy:n swat = dy:n \wat ; mi a:6 an swat ar
ynwaQ, ' he was cowed in an instant ', ' he shut up at once '.
swatjan, swatjo, v., Eng. squat, (i) 'to cower down, huddle
oneself up J : an mynd i riu goyol ag an swatjo ; — swatjux o dan 3
dilad, 'snuggle under the bed-clothes'. (2) fig. 'to become sub-
missive ' : mi swatjoft ar o:l i mi Seyt hanny ; — also without any
derogative sense : ' to make oneself pleasant and submissive to one
in a higher station ' : swatjo i ru:in. (3) trans. ' to cower '.
swedan, s., ' the peritoneum of sheep and cattle ' (JJ. ; O.H.).
swegryn, s.m., ' swaggerer J.
swigan, s.f., pi. swigod, chwysigen, D. (i) 'bladder'. (2)
' bubble ' : swigan du:r; — swigod trana, ' bubbles which sometimes
appear on the surface of the water before a thunderstorm ' (O.H.).
(3) ' blister ' : kodi n swigan ; — swigan wa:yd, ' a red blister ' caused
by a pinch, etc. ; swigan 8u:r, ' blister caused by scalding '.
swil, adj., yswil, D. ; swil, G.O. ii. 69. 3, ' shy '.
swildod, s.m., yswildod, D., ' shyness '.
swiljo \noswiljo\.
swi:t adj., Eng. sweet, (i) 'sweet-smelling'. (2) 'pleasant,
pleasing ' = damynol, heb dim by:divrivo ne:b (JJ.), eg. of a pleasant,
well-written article.
switan, Swithun : digul switan, ' St. Swithin's Day '.
switjan, v., yswitian, O.P., ' to chirp, to twitter ' (not known to
O.K.).
sy:8, s.m., sudd, D., ' juice ' = si:g.
sydo, v., suddo, D., ' to sink ' : lay wedi sydo, dy:n an sy8o i r mo:r
dros i ben.
sy:x, adj., fern. se:x, pi. sd\jon, comp. s*xax, s^ch, D., ' dry ' : sy:x
vel 9 gar&an, — Kin saxad a sglodyn ; — may r derwyb an sy:x ; — bar a
sy:x; — an sy:x tan dra:yd, * dry under foot ' ; berwi n sy:x, ' to boil
away ' ; — fig. may o Kin saxad a sglodyn, ' he is a dry stick ' ; also he:n
grastyn sy:x adi o ; — preceding an adjective sy:x implies the aping
of some quality, as sy:x §iujol, ' solemnly but superficially pious ' ;
sy:x vnebig ; — kany sy:x< ' singing without accompaniment '.
. sy:l, s.m., pi. silja, Sul, D., dy sy:l, ' Sunday ' ; no:s sy:l, ' Sunday
night ' ; bora sy:l, bora dy sy:l, ' Sunday morning ' ; — also a sy:l :
sylgwyn — syt 5*3
f/axi ifo Ki:g at 9 sy:l?\ gnfyd 9 gwair m wdila dros 9 sy:l ; —
buru sy:l, ' to spend Sunday, the " week-end " ' ; sy:l 9 pa:sg,
' Easter Sunday ' ; sy:l 9 bloda, ' Palm Sunday '.
sylgwyn, s.m., Sulgwyn, D., s.v. ' pentecoste ' ; W.B. col. 385. 3,
' Whit Sunday ' ; dy ty:n sylgwyn, « Whit Monday '.
sylu, s.m., sylw, sulw, D., ' notice ' : dal sylu ar, gntyd sylu
o, hmmyd sylu o, ' to notice ' ; erbyn dal sy/u, ' when you come 10
think of it '.
sylvan, s.f., pi. sylve'ini, sylfaen, D., 'foundation': KeHg sylvan,
' foundation stones '. Cf. sat!.
sylveyny, v., sylfaenu, D., s.v. ' fundo ' ; 'to found '.
syn, adj., synn, D., ' struck senseless, amazed ' : may o n edrax *n
syn, may golug syn arno, < he has a vacant look, he looks blank '.
syntyr, s.m., ' gravelly earth '.
synv9V9rdod, s., synfyfyrdod, ' the act of being absorbed in reflec-
tion ', e.g. after a great sorrow.
synvwsrjo, v., syn-fyfyrio, T.N. 233. 34, ' to be absorbed in reflec-
tion, to be in a brown study ' : synv9V9rjo a vi:f hy:n.
synvzvzrjol, adj., synfyfyriol, 'in meditative mood, in a brown
study '.
sy:r, adj., pi. sirjon, sur, D., ' sour ' : 3n sy:r vel 9 vikkus, Kin syrad
a \usberis 9 &lo%yd ; — koydan vala sirjon, ' crab-apple tree ', — fig.
' sour, sulky-looking '.
syran ( J.J.) ; syrans (O.H.), s., suran, D. (Bot.), ' sorrel ', always
syrans s ku:n (O.H.) = krentf 9 ku:n, dilis ku:n.
syrbux, adj., ' surly '.
syrgeirx, adj., in bar a syr&eirx [bard],
syro, v., suro, D., ' to turn sour *.
syrB, s., syrth, D., 'interanea, exta', in syrB mo\yn — 9 senna, 9r
asgurn bla:yn Kevn, 9 sbaud, a r day dro:yd o:l (O.H.), ' length, rack
or loin of pork '.
syt, s., sud, sutt, D., ' way, manner ' : weiQja bo:b syt, * sometimes
one way, sometimes another ' ; wedi tri:o bo:b syl, ' having tried every
way'; cf. also rusyt. — As adverb = pa syt?, 'how?'; rarely pa:
syt ; — sy da\i heibju ? s taxi heityu ?, ' how are you to-day ? '-
familiarly syt 9 may o? s may o?, ' how goes it /** ; syt &ary xi &tyd
Kimmint a \i6a y gubod dim am 9 pc:Q?, 'how was it you said so
much although you knew nothing about the matter?'; r o:n i n
d9valy pa syt 9 'brianu n du:ad a vo: i" laur, ' I wondered how they
used to bring it down ' ; may o y gubod syt i deyt i, < he knows
how to lay down the law '. — As adjective ' what kind of ' = pa syt
with genitive : syt hu:yl sy 'arnoxi heno /, ' how are you getting on
i«a L 1
514 sy-'O — sambzly
to-night ? ' ; du i y gubod syt 8y:n u:ti, ' I know what kind of man
you are '.
sy:6, adj., comp. saQax, syth, D., ' straight, stiff' : Km S9&ad a sa:yd,
'as stiff as a poker' : " w strztjan ar 3 stradob Kin syBad ag y:n
sa:y& " ; — ?n sy:B bin, l as straight as an arrow ' : do:s di n sy:6 bin
i r graig aku ; also m sy:B bin vel la:B bren ; mi 'dor 08 if en kin sy:B
hevo knmman, ' he cut her head clean off with a reaping-hook '.
syvyl, adj., sivil, L.G.C. 204 [36] ; syvyl, I.D. xxvii. 7 ; sifil,
T.N. 228. TI ; Eng. civil, 'decent, well-behaved': baxgan syvyl,
' a good fellow, a nice fellow ' ; gwtsgo n syvyl, c to dress tastefully ' ;
Kefyl syvyl, rhadlon, — dim kast 9no vo (O.H.).
syvylo, v., ' to sober down ' : may hunna wedi syvylo (wedi bo:d »n
ovar ag 9n wydj).
szdyn, adj., sydyn, B.C. 134. 18. (i) ' sudden ' : mynd 9n szdyn,
' to go suddenly ' ; also ' to die suddenly '. (2) ' sharp, prompt ' :
at tab 9n s^dyn.
szdznrujyd, s.m., sydynrwydd, O.P., ' suddenness, abruptness ' ;
' promptitude ' = farpruyb.
ssfedy \js9rfedy}.
szxad, s.m., syched, .D., ' thirst ' : tort s^xad, ' to quench thirst ' ;
ar o:l 9vad S9xad sy: (prov.).
S9xlyd, adj., sychlyd, T.N. 232. 17, 'dry' (fig.) = -dir^sbryd,
•dirverwyd ; prz£e6ur sa\lyd.
s?xtur, s.m., sychdwr. R.B. ii. 372, 26; W.S. ; Job. xxiv. 19,
' drought, dry weather '.
MXy, v., sychu, D., ' to dry ' (trans, and intr.) ; to wipe ' : may
po:b man wedi s9\y, l it has dried up everywhere ' ; ss\y n sy:x, to
dry thoroughly ' = S9xy y gorn, also s^xy na:u s^xjad sax (I-W.
sein am s?xy, ' a sign of dry weather ' ; s^xy r tru:yn, ' to wipe
the nose '.
saldravat, s., ' a decisive and finishing stroke ' (I.W.).
sslfad \sarf ad~\.
stffar; srtfal, (O.H.), s., ' sulphur '.
stfwaS, s.m., sylwedd, D., ' substance ' : peidjux a fammyd sylu
ono vo, t o:s na dim sriwad mo vo, ( take no notice of him, he is of
no consequence ', lit. ' there is no good stuff in him '.
sdlwe^ol, adj., sylweddawl, D., 'containing matter, substance':
pregaB srtweftol ; — dy:n sriwedol, ' a man who talks sense '.
S9lwt\ v., sylwi, D., 'to notice '.
S9mbyljad, s.m., symbyliad, D., s.v. ' paroxysmus ' ; 'incitement,
inducement ', followed by at.
ssmbsly, sumbdly, v., cf. swmbylio, D., ' to goad ' ; 'to stimulate ' :
sumbala vo n i vla:yn.
smgar — strQjo 5 1 5
s)mgar, adj., 'pregnant*. Cf. sum.
stm jo [suwjo\.
smimol, adj., rhesymmol, D., s.v. ' rationalis ' ; cf. symol, T.N.
293- 4. ' of indifferent health, so-so'.
symmyd, v., symmud, D. Fut. smyda. Pret. S. i. smidis. PI. 3.
smydson. Imperative smyda, snnmyd ; smydu\. Pret. Pass, smyduvd,
1 to move ' : dim m simmyd mu:y na Pgen, ' not able to move any
more than a log ' ; smydu\ o i r 'van ma, ' move it here ' ; s*mmyd
9 gwarBag o y:n ka:y i ga:y aral ; — bary o Mm simmyd by:s na (a:u,
' he didn't lift a finger to help me '.
smdod, s.m., synndod, D., ' wonder ' : smdodmaur annuyl!, ' what
a wonder ! ' ; mi tarob vi a smdod, ' it astonished me '.
smjad, s.m., pi. smjada, syniad, Rom. viii. 6, ' opinion, idea,
notion ' : jayy i smjada, ' to enlarge one's ideas ' ; may v* smjad
i arno vo n dewy^jaun, ' my mind is very much in the dark as to
the subject '.
smnuyr, s.m., pi. snuyra, synnwyr, W.B. col. 20. 31 ; R.B. 13. 9 ;
1 1 6. 13; synwyr, D., 'sense': rho: di dy smnuyr ar waiB, 'use
your senses ', ' apply your mind ' ; smnuyr kyfndin, ' common
sense ' ; smnuyr 9 vaud, ' rule of thumb ' ; wedi dnsy n i snuyra,
' daft, weak in the head '.
satiny, v., synnu, D. (i) ' to wonder' : r oybun i n smny i vod
hstal, ' I was astonished that he was so good ' ; smnun i Mm, ' I
shouldn't wonder '. (2) ' to look vacant ' : peidju\ a smny.
styjo, supjo, v., syppio, D., ' to stoop, to shrink (of the body), to
become decrepit with old age ' = mynd m suppyn ; — may o wedi
sspjo n aru er s yx3d*g»
szppyn [suppyn}.
S9rt s., Syr, W.S., ' sir ' ; — hem szr adi o, ' he is a dictatorial man',
'he will have his own way ' (O.K.), Cf. G.O. i. 230. 10.
syrfad, S9lfad, s., swrffet, W.S. [Surfette], ' a thing which causes
disgust, whether food or otherwise ' : ? klep wedi myndm s?rfad\ —
also, term of reproach applied to a dirty, loathsome fellow : he:n
ssr/adf, 9 sarfad dreufydf, 3 strfad bydyr /, 9 ssrfad mebu !
sirfedy, safedy, v. (i) 'to be surfeited* : S9rfedy ar vu:yd, etc.,
hence (2) ' to be sick of, to loathe ' : du i wedi syr/edy arno vo.
strtyd, adj., surllyd, B.C. 41. 7, 'of a sour disposition'.
sarQjo, v., syrthio, D. Imperative szrfy'a; s^rBjux, 'to fall':
tendjux a swQjo, ' mind you don't fall ' ; strQjo n dibin dobyn, im
bendramunug, ' to fall headlong ' ; szrBjo y glemtan ar laur, ' to fall
down flat' ; ssrQjo ny:n dgob, strQjo n sup (suppan), ' to fall all of
a heap ' ; syrBjo ar i vai, ' to acknowledge one's fault '.
L 1 2
5 1 6 syrQni — fa:r
i, s.m., syrthni, D. (i) ' drowsiness ' : ma na riu
garu wedi taro arna i. (2) ' sultriness'.
S90y, v., sythu, D., ' to straighten ' ; ' straighten oneself up ' ;
' stiffen with cold '.
ssvlyd, v., syflyd, D., ' to move ' : ssvla i dim kam ar i o:l o.
swrdany, sivwdany, v., syfrdanu, D., s.v. ' attono ' ; 'to astound,
bewilder '.
fadur, s.m., p\./adurs, siaradwr, D., ' speaker ' : fadur donjol ' a
wit'ty speaker '. Aho/aradur.
fafrud, s., ' small refuse or impurities ', e. g. after cleansing corn :
kribin i hel riu he:n/a/rud.
faft, s.f., pl/qftja, ' shaft ' (of a cart, etc.).— So O.H. always ; =
lorp.
/a/I, s.f. (?), pl./a/tyb, « shaft ' in slate quarries.
fad, s., ' shale '.
falans, s.f., ' challenge '.
falgraig, s., ' shale '.
fambar, s.f., pi. fambera, sambyr, L.A. 122. 17; siambyr, W.S.;
siambr, D. ; cf. D.G. xxix. 30 ; Eng. chamber, ' a bedroom on the
ground floor ' ; fambar groys, old name for * back-kitchen ' ; also
* a back-parlour in a public-house '.
fampal, s.f., p\.fampla, siampl, D., ' example '.
fa:n, Sian, W.S., ' Jane ' : fo:n afa:n, ' weather-clock ' (in which
a man comes out to indicate wet weather and a woman for fine
weather).
/anal, s.f., p\./aneti, sianel, T.N. 339. 4. (i) * channel': /anal
i)aur,fanal ba:x, and /anal bey geyad are the names of channels in
the La van sands. (2) * the groove round a spinning-wheel ' (J.J.).
(3) ' the groove round the sole of a clog to which the uppers are
attached with welts ' (O.H.).
/am', a form of/a:n ; he:nfani, ' old woman ' (applied to a man),
cf. kadi', fani vlewog, 'the caterpillar of the tiger-moth' (Phalaena
Caja) ; fani wraxan, pi. fani wraxod (wra\og\ * centipede '.
fa:p, s.m., p\./apja, siap, D.G. ci. 36, ' shape' : tinny pe:0 o ifa:p,
' to pull a thing out of shape '.
fapjo, v., ' to shape '.
fappys, adj., siapus, T.N. 17. 12, * shapely'.
fapri, s., ? siapri, D., 'facetiae'; 'notice' = sylu; gneyd faprt
o rubad.
/a:r, s., siar, T.N. 140. 22, 'share': may gyno vo fa:r m 9
gamdeiQas, ' he has a share in the company ' = sga:r.
farad —fel-fi:ar 5 1 7
Jar ad, v., siarad, D. Fut. farada, fada. Pret. faradis, fadis.
Plup. fadsun. Imperative farad ; faradux, fadu\, ' to speak, to
talk ' : farad am rubaQ hevo ru:in, ' to talk about something to
somebody ' ; farad hm'ra:ig, ' to speak Welsh ' ; farad ty garpjog,
' to speak brokenly ' ; farad m vtnys, ' to speak indistinctly ' ; farad
vel me/in byppyr (vel mdin glep), 'to talk like a mill '; farad m
•lib'bab, ' to talk unceasingly' ; farad ar draus pen a \listja ; fir. id
psmQag m 9 dusin, ' to talk thirteen to the dozen ' ; farad m va:n a^
»n vy:an, ' to talk quickly and much ' ; farad ar draus ru:in, ' to
interrupt some one ' ; farad 9m blayn, ' to speak plainly ', • not to
mince matters ' ; farad tgu i hy:n, ' to talk in one's sleep ' ; farad
hevo i hy:n, ' to talk to oneself ; farad m vain, ' to talk in a stilted
way ', e.g. like an Englishman talking Welsh ; farad o dan i tyh,
1 to talk nonsense ' ; farad i r gwynt, ' to talk nonsense ' = farad
heb resum, heb salwab yn i be:B o (O.H.); farad hevo r gwynt, 4 to
talk in vain ' : wa:yQ i mi farad hevo r gwynt na farad hevo \tiBa
(O.H.) ;— -farad am ben faur, ' to talk to no purpose ' ; farad m isal
am ru:in, ' to talk disparagingly of some one ', ' to run down some
one ' ; meun/ord o farad, ' so to speak ' ; — as substantive : / o:ys
na dim tervyn ar i farad o, ' there is no end to his talk '.
farjadys,faradys} adj., siaradus, D., 'talkative'.
farog, adj., ' sharing ' : mfarog or gsmdeiQas, o r gwaiB, * a share-
holder in the company, the undertaking '.
farp) adj., Eng. sharp, (i) ' quick ' : bytta nfarp, Kerbad anfarp.
(2) ' quick-witted, sharp '. (3) ' hot ', as of pepper. (4) applied to
stone ' brittle, unworkable ' (opp. to d/odevgar).
farpjo, v., ' to bestir oneself '.
farpruyS, s.m., siarprwydd, W.S., s.v. tostedd [Tartnesse],
* alertness '.
farf.fars, s.f., siars, W.S.; W.LI. Ixxxiii, 97 ; M.LI. i. 194. 29 ;
B.C. 45, 8 ; Eng. charge, (i) 'load, responsibility' : may nfars
vaur. (2) ' injunction '.
farf'o, v., siarsio, R., ' to charge, to give strict injunctions ' ; farffu\
0 du:ad, ' tell him to come '.
/asp, s., pi. faspja, siaspi, D. ; Fr. chausse-pied, ' shoe-horn '.
CLfespin.
fauns, s.m., pi. f0unsis, siawns, C.C. 98. 29; T.N. 147. 38,
' chance ' : dim fauns i \i ga:l hy:d j&o vo, ' no chance for you to
find him ' ; mi ventga i n fauns, ' I'll chance it ' ; plentyn fauns,
1 illegitimate child '. — In plural, ' perquisites '. — Adverbially, ' per-
ips, possibly ' : mi 8a:u o vory, fauns.
favins, s.pl. , ' shavings '.
fe:k, s., ' a quid of tobacco which has been chewed '.
fel'fi:ar, s.f., ' fire-shovel'; also/^/:ar da:n (I.W.).
5 1 8 fespin — fonyn
fespin, s.m., ^\./aspja, 'shoe-horn' (d./asp).
/e:/, s.f., Eng. chaise, ' stage-coach ' : mynd vel/e./(O.H.).
fevjo, v., ' to shave '.
fevlan, s.f., ' shovel '.
fifrud \sifr ud\.
fimfta \jimbd\.
fimsan \simsari\.
/inax, s.f., pi. finaxod, sinach, O.P. (i) 'a corner of a field
where rubbish is thrown ' (J.J.) ; ' any part of a field which, owing
to stone, etc., cannot be cultivated ' (O.H.). (2) ' screw, skinflint '
(applied to men and women) : he:n finax tdi o, roiB o mo r ba:u
i r Ki:.
/m/ir,stnsir,s.) sinsir, D., 'ginger': hemfinfir, 'a peppery man'.
fi:o \si:6\.
fipjan \_sipjan\.
fipfuns,fipjuns, s.pl., sing, fippan, sipsiwn, B.C. 6. 16; sibswns,
C.C. 27. 6, ' gipsies' ; he:nfippan> said of an untidy person.
ft:r, s.f., pi. /trod, sir, D.G. clxiv, 56, * shire ' : fi:r gnarvon,
1 Carnarvonshire ' ; fi:r vo:n, l Anglesey ' ; fi:r dimoax, ' Denbigh-
shire ' ; fi:r flint, ' Flintshire ' ; fi:r v°eirjony§, ' Merionethshire ' ;/i:r
ga.yr, ' Cheshire ' ; fi:r mutBig, ' Shropshire ' = 9 mutBig.
fif'al, sif'al, v., sisial, D., s.v. ' susurrus ' ; * to whisper ' ; — used
also of a vague reports may nu nfif'al an sr wla:d bo:d . . ., ' there
is a report abroad that . . . '.
•/if/if, v., ' to whisper ' : -fiffifhevo i gilft (W.H.).— Also used
adjectively : farad 3n 'f iff if.
fiirus [futrus~\.
fiuat, s.m., sivved, R., ' suet '.
fiut, s.f., suwt, W.S. [Sute]; sywt, C.L.C. iv. 21. 13, 'suit' :/*«/
o ftilad.
fiutjo, v., ' to suit '.
fiutjol, adj., ' suitable, applicable '.
fivl, $.—fwl afenast, ' window-sill ' (O.K.). Cf. lintar.
fo:l, s.f., p\./o:ls, ' shawl ' ; fo:l filt,fo:l bersli, ' Paisley shawl '.
fommi ^sommi\.
fo:n, Sion, W.S. ; W.LI. ii. 7, ' John ' : fo:n 00:0 o\or,fo:n plef'o
paub, ' a turn-coat ', ' one who tries to please everybody ' ; fo:n bgad
? geinjog, ' a niggardly fellow ' ; r y:n pe:B zdifo:n a i gloksan, ' it is
six of one and half a dozen of the other '.
fonyn, pet name for ' John '.
foyk — furud 519
fyk, adj., siongc, D., s.v. 'scitus'; 'sprightly, nimble, quick,
.11 live ' : may o ny:nfoyk ar i drayd, kinfoykad a r bjogan.
fop, s.f., \\.foppa, siop, D.G. ccxviii. 25, pi. vii. 15 ; W.S., ' shop ' ;
fop wen, ' hawker's basket ' (Bangor).
foppur, s.m., \\.foppurs, sioppwr, W.S. [Shoppe kepar] ; siopwyr
(pi.), B.C. 19. 19, « shopkeeper '.
fit>rag, s.f., siopwraig, T.N. 86. i, 'shopkeeper*.
fort, s.f., pi. fortja, sort, W.S. [A sorte] ; C.L.C. ii. 21. 27;
ma: nu n fort ora, ' they are of the very best ; mi n'tiQ 9 l%o: nfort
»r.i, ' they will do excellently ' ; / ydi o Mm 9r ymfort a r £T/, ' it is
not the same sort as the other '.
fortjo, v., sortio, W.S. [Sorte]. (i) 'to sort'. (2) ' to arrange':
fort jo mynd.
fofi, sosi, adj., ' saucy '.
fot, s., siot (=) tal mewn tafarn, W.S. [A shottel : xu't-'X at fot
knebrun, ' sixpence to get a drink after a funeral' (O.H. — obs.).
fot^ s.m., ' broth poured upon bread ' = Ki:g wedi berwi ag
wedi ttrwalt ar vara (JJ.) ; ' ground oatcake and buttermilk '
(O.H.; Bangor).
fotlyn \sotlyri\.
fetunf'o, v , « to chance '.
fo:y, s.f., ' show ' : fo:y hf3la.
fugur, s.m., siwgr, D.G. Ixiv. 42 ; W.LI. liv. 54 ; siwgwr, M.LI. i.
146. 17 ; suwgr, D., ' sugar ': fugur ko:x, 'brown sugar' ; fugur
lump, ' lump sugar ' ; knap o fugur > ' lump of sugar ' ; fugur ma:n,
4 castor sugar ' ; pmtlan fugur, 4 sugar basin ' ; fugur gwyn, ' white
sugar ' ; also an endearing term applied to a baby.
fujot v., Eng. shoo, to say/w: in driving away fowls.
fuk, cf. Eng. (Dial.) suck, sucky [A call word for calves, pigs, or
sheep], Sc., Ir., North Country, call to calves.
/ux, s.f., Eng. (Dial.) sheugh, shooch, shough, etc. [pron. fiu\t
fu:x\, Sc., Ir., Nhb., ' a covered drain for carrying off water, etc.,
from a house '.
fu:rt adj., siwr, W.LI. xxvi. 38 ; M.LI. i. 40. 16, ' sure' : may hi
nfu:r o vuru Kin 9 bora, ' it is sure to rain before morning ' ; dim m
fu:r o rforS, ' not sure of the way ' ; ma: n fu:r i \i, ' certainly ' ;
fu:r jaun, ' of course ' (in a reply).
furna, s.f., pi. furneia, siwrnai, D.G. cxliv. 29; W.LI. x. 67;
D.P.O. 96. 13, 'journey ' : mynd i furna> * to go for a journey ' ;
furna seiBig, ' a fruitless journey '.
furud, s.m., swrwd, D. = sorod, ' faex, scoria ' ; siwrwd, T.N. 14.
26, ' small crumbs, fragments', as of bread (furud o vara\ wood,
peat, stones, etc.; maly karag m/urud.
520 fuf — lail
fuirus,fiirus, s., cf. Eng. (Dial.) shutter [A small piece or frag-
ment), Oxf., ' small crumbs, pulp' : maly n/u/rus, 'to crumble up
small ' ; — tori^gwasgy nfutrus ; — may r tattus wedi mynd wfuirus,
* the potatoes are boiled to a pulp '.
/ \nad~\.
t \nid\
/, ped 04
/, onid [nf\.
ta, nta, conj., yntau. (i) ' then ' : Keru\ ta /, ' go then ! ' ; peidjit\
ta /, ' don't then ! ' (2) for ' ai yntau ' in interrogative sentences
of the form ' naill ai . . . ai yntau ? ' (cf. Latin utrum . . . an) :
heibju daxi am vynd fa vory /, i.e. ai heddyw ydych chwi am fyned ai
yntau yfory ? ' (is it) to-day you are going or to-morrow ? ' — also
expressed by p ryn ta (= pa ryw un yntau) heibju ta vory da\i am
•vynd ?
tabs, s.pl., sing, tabsan, f., ' dabs ' (fish).
ta:d, s.m.., pi. tadat tad, D., ' father ' : nha:d!, ' father ! ' (calling) ;
d al him dim gwady i da:d, ' he is very like his father ' ; — euphemism
for dyu in exclamations as o:, ta:d! ta:d annul! nha:d tirjon! —
gobeiBjo r ta:d!, ' I hope so to goodness P — and in strong assevera-
tions as t:a, n eno r ta:d! i:a, n ta:d !
iafi, s.m., ' toffee ' = kwlaQ.
tagal, s.m., pi. tegil, tageli, tagell, D., * dewlap ' (of an ox, etc.) ;
* wattle ' (of a cock, etc.) ; ' gill ' (of a fish) = drogan, krogan ; — also
applied to persons : may gzno vo dagal, ' he has a double chin ', and
facetiously of the throat in general : mi gydjas i m i dagal o nes o:d
o y gelan ; — also ' barb ' of a hook.
tagva, s.f., tagfa, D., ' a choking, throttling ' : mi gavob o eiBa
tagva, e. g. by being gripped round the throat.
tagy, v., tagu, D., ' to choke ' : / o:s na Busy na Bagy arno vo,
' one can do nothing with him either by fair means or foul ' ; eirin
ba:x tagy> ' sloes ' = 'eirin perBi ; fo:ys wedi iagy, ' a choked-up
ditch '.
taidt s.m., pi. teidja, taid, D., 'grandfather': hem daid, 'great
grandfather \ — in exclamations, etc. (cf. ta:d): n eno r taid annul!
/ail, s.m., tail, D., ' manure ' ; xwalv tail, ' to spread manure '.
tai6 — talgry 521
taiB, s.f., pi. tciQja, taith, D., 'journey'. More often furna, but
common in such expressions as pen o:n i ar 3 nhai'6 ; — may o ar i
dart, ' he is on the point of death '. Also °iaiB ppgeBurol, ' a
preaching circuit '.
tak, s., Eng. tack, in phr. rhoi tippin ba:\ o dak arno vo, ' to pull
him up a bit, to cause him to go slower ' (fig.).
takjo, v. (i) « to tack '. (2) ' to act circumspectly, to mind what
one is doing ' : wel wi:r, we^ i ti dakjo hrvo r di:od na, may n fu:r
o di brveQa ti.
takla, s.pl., sing, teklyn, tacclau, D., ' tools, odds and ends, tackle '
= Kelvi : trim 9 takla, ' to handle the ropes (on board ship)'; — of
persons : £• hem deklyn glem /, ' the grasping fellow 1 ' ; hem deklyn
garu 9di hun a hun, vedar ne:b neyd dim by:d o hono vo.
takly, taklo, v., tacclu, D., ' to repair, tidy up ' : takly to:, klauk,
i£idjat etc. ; takla dippin o i gumpas.
taklys, adj., tacclus, D. (i) « tidy, trim, well-kept '. (2) well-off' :
dy:n takly s.
takly so> v., taccluso, D., s.v. ' concinno '. (i) ' to tidy '. (2) ' to
improve in circumstances ' : may owedi takly so n aru — may o wedi
gwe^a n 3 by:d.
taxwab, s.m., Tachwedd, D., * November '.
tal, adj., com p. talax, tal, D., * tall ' : tal o i o:yd, ' tall for his age '.
ta:l, s.m., tal, D., ' frons ', in the exp. ta:l ma:yn, ' the apex of
a gable ', whatever be the material (O.H.).
ta:l, s.m., tal, D., ' pay ' : sadurn ta:l, ' pay Saturday ' ; kodi ta:l
ar ru:in am rubaB, ' to make some one pay for something '.
ta tar, s.f., talar, D., * headland ' (in ploughing) : markjo r dalar,
' to mark the headland ' ; redig 2 dalar, ' to plough the headland ';
kyro ru:m o bant i dalar, ' to beat from pillar to post ' ; deyt hanas
o bo:b pe:B o bant i dalar. Cf. cerdded pant a thalar, D.F. [193] 29.
talaQ, s.m., talaith, D., * a square or triangular piece of linen
placed, underneath a cap, on a baby's head before the closing of the
suture ' : talaQ i gadu rja:d yy gmnas.
talbo, s.m., ' a wooden measure containing about a quart* (dry or
liquid) : pedwar talbo = 'j^vart maur (O.H.).
taldra^ s.m., taldra, O.P., 'tallness, height, stature': may o dros
du.y la:6 o daldra, ' he is over six feet in height ' ; 9n vu:y na mi: o
ran taldra, ' bigger than I as regards height '.
laldras, s., ' bellyband ' (E.J. ; J.J.) = tordras.
talentog, adj., ' talented '. .
/a//', in the phrase byu tali, * to live together unmarried ' (Bangor).
ialgry, adj., talgryf, D., ' impudent, brazen • : sbi:o n dalgry.
522 talkan, — tamp
talkan, s.m., pi. talKenni, taken, D., s.v. ' frons ', 'forehead':
krsxy i dalkan, ' to raise his brows ' (with astonishment, etc.) ; talkan
slip, * a receding forehead ' ; mi wiB o ar i dalkan, ( he will drink it
at a draught ' ; talkan ty:, ' gable-end of a house ' ; talkan dru:s,
' the upper part of a door ' ; rh0u\ y\ het ar dalkan 9 dru:s, ' hang
your hat on the corner of the door ' ; trawo (taro) rubaB m i. dalkan,
' to clinch ' ; 'to finish off something in a hurry ' : mi drawis i 9
kubul m i dalkan a fur a vi: ; — esp. in making butter, ' to add hot
water and so make the butter come sooner, spoiling it thereby '.
talog, adj., talog, D., s.v. ' fronto ', ' frontosus ' ; ' insolent ' =
•gwynab'galad.
talp, s.m., pi. talpja, talp, D., ' lump ' : talp o re:u, eira,garag ; —
swBjo n dalpja maur, e. g. of ice ; of earth in making a cutting, etc.
talpjog, adj., talpiawg, O.P., ' lumpy ' : ti:r talpjog.
talum, s., talm, D., ' a long time', only in the exp. er s (es, as, as]
talum, ' long ago, this long time ' ; er s talum jaun, er s talum fy:d,
1 a very long time ago ', for a very long time ' ; sy da\i er s talum S,
' how have you been all this time ? ' ; may o smma er s talum, ( he
has been here a long time ' ; mi 'v&anu n deyd er s talum . . ., ' they
used to say long ago . , .'.
taly, v., talu, D. Fut. S. 3. taliB, tad. Pret. PI. talson. Impera-
tive tala, ta:l; talu\. (i) 'to pay ' : mi da/a i t8o vo etto, ' I'll pay
him another time ' ; taly i toledjon, ' to pay his debts ' ; taly 3 pe:B sy
arna /', ( to pay what I owe ' ; taly r he:n a du:yn 3 newyb, l to pay
for the last purchase and take the new one on credit ' ; taly r pu:yQ
m o:l, (fig.) ' to pay back ' ; taly r exuyn adra, (fig.) ' to pay back, with
interest ' ; os gwre:sgwre:s, os taly taly, ' if a thing is worth doing at
all, it is worth doing well '. (2) ' to pay ' (intr.), rieiB i 8im taly, * it
won't pay '. (3) • to do, to be suitable ' : Qah'6 o 8im, ' it will not
do ', ' it will not be any good ' ; -Balsanu dim bo:d 9r y:n vaint, ' it
would not do for them to be the same size ' ; Ba:l mebul dim i grogi
dy:n (prov.), ' suspicion is not enough to hang a man '.
tambad, adj., tanbaid, D. ; tambaid, B.C. 46. 17, ' fiery ', e.g. of
temper ; ' vehement, impetuous '.
tambeidruyS, s.m., tanbeidrwydd, O.P., * fieriness ' ; vehemence,
impetuousness '.
tammady s.m., pi. tameidja, tammaid, D., ' morsel, piece ' : tammad
o vu:yd, ' a morsel of food ' ; kyky tammad o: XtviQig, ( to swallow
something the wrong way ' ; — often used in the sense of ' food
sufficient to support life, livelihood'; snnil i dammad ; xwifo a™ i
dammad; — hel i dammad, ' to beg ' = movyn Kerdod ; hem gravur go
s0und am i dammad 9di o, ' he is a pretty good hand at scraping
together a livelihood '.
tamp, adj., ' damp ' = laiB.
tamp jo — tanok 523
tampjo, v. (i) ' to damp '. (2) ' to fly into a temper ' : may o n
tampjo meun mynyd.
tamplyd, adj., * damp '.
tampruyb, s.m., ' dampness '.
tan, dan, lan, D. I. prep, (i) 'under'. In this sense the com-
moner form is dan ; with pronouns : S. i. dana (/), 2. 'danat(i],
3. danovo ; dani hi. PI. I. 'danon(i\ 2. 'danox(f), 3. 'danyn(u\ — dan
» goydan i mo\al gla:u, ' under the tree to shelter from the rain';
rnynd dan dra:yd, l to be crushed under foot ' : r o:y& 9 kappal m
laun dan i say, ' the chapel was crowded ' ; tdra\ dan i sgava[, ' to
scowl ' ; may paub dan i dylo, ' they are all groping in the dark ' ;
? pe&a gwirjona dan hayl, ' the silliest things under the sun ' ; dan
jr amkan o i weld o, ' with the object of seeing him ' ; tan r a:yr,
" in the open air ' ; — o dan, ' underneath ' ; o dan do:, ' under cover ' ;
klem o dan es&id, ' a patch underneath a shoe ' ; r 0:6 o o dam'
hi, 'he was getting a good scolding*. (2) with an infinitive
(Fr. ' en ') ; in this sense the commoner form is tan : — tan gany
a gwefti.'o, ' singing and praying ' ; mi'vasaxin mynd mo tan \bjany,
' you would get there in a jiffy ' (lit. ' whistling ') ; gneyd rubaQ lan
83sgy> * to do something in one's sleep '. (3) ' till ' (generally tan) :
tan dolig, ' till Christmas ' ; tan riu hy:d, ' tor some time ' ; o vora
lan no:s, ' from morning till night ' ; tan dy (dy) sy:l, l till Sunday ' ;
tan ar o.'lsuppar, ' till after supper ' ; tan meun 2\2dig ma, ' for a bit '.
II. conj. 'until' (generally tan): tan da:u o, ' until he comes';
rhosux tan fy:d hi m bra:v, ' wait until it is fine '.
ta:n, s.m., pi. tana, tan, D., ' fire ': go/a, kmna /a:n, c to light a fire * ;
prikja i §e\ra ta:n, ' sticks to light the fire ' ; ta:n oyr, ' a fire laid
in the grate ready for lighting ' ; may r tarn sy hnna, ' the fire is
burning, lighting ' ; may r ta:n m du:ad, ' the fire is burning up ' ;
ta:n bra:v, ta:n ba:\ del, ' a nice fire ' ; tanfciyB o da:n, ' a great
blazing fire ' ; rhoi ta:n ar 9 lamp, ' to light the lamp ' ; may bla:s
ta:n arno vo, ' it is piping hot ' ; may r ty: wcdi mynd ar da:n, ' the
house is on fire ' ; rhoi ar da:n, ' to set on fire ' ; tarn gwy:jt, ' fire-
works ' ; ta:n byu, ' wildfire ' (?) : dy:n wedi mynd m dam byu, ' a
man in a rage ' (O.H.) ; m edra\ vel lam byu, ' with eyes flashing
fire ' (O.H.). — Cf. also go&aB, kolkaQ, wemflam ; — ta:n ibau, t^n
iddwf, D., s.v. 'iddwf; 'erysipelas'.
tanjo, v., taniaw, O.P., ' to light, fire* : tanjo mat/an, Kettyn, 'to
light a match, a pipe ' ; tanjo gun, ' to fire a gun '.
tan^i, adj., tanlliw, D., ' ignescens, ab igne calens, nouus ', only
in the exp. neivyd soon danff (grat).
tanluyB, s.m., tanllwyth, D., 'a great blazing fire', generally
tanluyQ o da:n ; — mi a:B my:n tan[uyQ gola, ' it burst into a blaze '.
tanfyd, adj., tanllyd, D., ' fiery '.
tanod, tanodd, D., only in the exp. o tanob, adv., oddi tanodd,
Job xviii. 1 6, ' underneath '.
524
tant — tarB
tant, s.m., pi. tanna, tant, D. (i) * string of a musical instrument ' :
kany hevo r tanna, l to sing to the harp ' (O.H.) ; taro r tant maur,
' to ride the high horse '. (2) ' net-line ' (at the top and bottom of
a net).
tantjo, v., tantiaw, O.P., ' to string ' (a net) : gwennol i dantjo
rhuidi (O.H.).
tantro, v., Eng. (Dial.) tanter [to quarrel ; to argue, dispute in
a captious manner ; to rage], n.Cy., Nhb., ' to grumble with great
heat ', ' to protest strongly '.
tarnvyb, s., tanwydd, D., s.v. ' fomes ' ; ' fuel '.
tany, tanny, teyny, v., taenu and tanu, D. ; tanu, D.F. [55] 6 ;
G.R. (2) 20; P.G.G. 273. 13, 312. 5, 'to spread': tany dilad,
menyn, rhuidi, etc. Also fig. : tany stori.
tap, s.m., pi. tapja, ' tap '.
lapjo, v., ' to uncork ' : tapjo pottal.
tappar, s., ' taper ' : may na dippin o dappar m 9 wal, l the wall
tapers a little '.
tar, s.m., ' tar ' : vel malwan meun tar, ' like a snail in tar ',
i. e. very slowly.
taran, s.f., pi. trana, taran, D., ' thunder, clap of thunder ' : du:y
daran vaur, ' two loud claps of thunder ' ; giant trana, ' thunder
rain ' ; r o:& 9 xwy-'s m dslivo vel gla:u trana, ' the perspiration was
streaming down ' ; vel gavr ar drana, * like a goat in a thunder-
storm ', i.e. ' frisky ' ; mynd vel trana, l to go fast '.
tart/ad, s.m., tarddiad, O.P. (i) ' source ' (of a river); cf. blaen-
darddiad, D., s.v. ' fruticatio '. (2) ' derivation '.
tarby, v., tarddu, D., 'to proceed (from), spring (from) ' : e£in m
tarty o r beyar; o buy u:ti n tarty ? = pu:y hiljogaB u:ti ?
taro, v., taro and taraw, D. Imperative tara. (i) 'to strike,
hit ' : may r klok m taro na:u, ' the clock . is striking nine ' ; taro r
po:st gayl i r'parad glu:ad, ' to give a hint to some one by speaking
to some one else ' ; mu:y (may na vu:y) o duru nag o daro, " great
cry, little wool " ; may r gla:u m taro at d kroyn, ' the rain stings
the skin ' ; mi tarut i n sad m szdyn, ' she was suddenly taken
ill'; kayl i daro gin sr hay I, 'to have sunstroke*. (2) fig. taro
a smdod, ' to strike with astonishment ' ; may n taro n atgas, ' it
strikes unpleasantly (upon the ear) '. (3) ' to beat time '. (4) with
ar or u6, 'to meet': taro ar (u6) i gilft ; mi daroft o ar i vatf,
' he was more than a match for him '. Cf. trawo.
tarts, s.pl., sing, tartan, f., ' tarts ' : tartan vala, ' apple tart '.
tarQ, s.m., tarth, D., ' mist ' = niul, rhu\d : Kefyl m \wy:s ag m
darQ, ' a horse sweating and steaming .
taru — tavly 525
tarn, s.m., pi. teiru, tarw, D., 'bull ' : may r taru m py:o, 'the
bull is bellowing ' ; may r taru wedi {hoi lulk ibi hi, ' the bull has
tossed her ' ; he&ju vel go:gt very vel taru, said of some one of a
changeable disposition.
ta:s, s.f., pi. /fist, das, D., ' stack ' : ta:s wair, pi. ttt'si gwai'r,
( hay-stack ' ; sto:l da:s [sto:l\ ; toi ta:s, * to thatch a stack '. Cf.
also dabal, kurs, (anu, ply:g, {ha:f.
ta:sg, s.m., pi. tasga, task, W.S. ; tUsg, D., s.v. ' loco ' ; D.G. cvii.
34, ' task ' : may hi n sgwenny i 6a:sg, ' she is doing her home-
work ' ; rJioi gwaiB ar da:sg, ' to arrange for something to be done
by piece-work '.
taslo, tasljo, v., Eng. dazzle ; ' to shine, glitter ' ; may r hayl m
/as/o ar yfenast ; taslo vel arjan.
tattus, s.pl., sing, tattan (W.H.; E.J.), t*xan (I.W. ; J.J.; O.H.) ;
pytatws, T.N. 173. 12; G.O. ii. 220. 16; bytaten, T.N. 22. 37,
' potatoes ' ; rhe:s o da//us, ' a row of potatoes ' ; agor rhesi tattus,
' to prepare furrows for planting potatoes ' ; kodi taltus, * to dig
potatoes ' ; kodi at 9 tattus = kodi pri:b ar vona r gw!y:d, ' to earth
up potatoes ' ; kutfo tattus, ' to cover up (a heap of) potatoes for the
winter ' ; plikjo tattus, ' to peel potatoes ' ; sglifo tattus, ' to slice
potatoes ' ; gloivi tattus, ' to pour away the water in which potatoes
have been boiled ' ; tattus wedi stunf'o, ' mashed potatoes ' ; tattus
ivedi berwi tru: i kru:yn, ' potatoes boiled in their skins ' ; hidjo ry:n
tattan yno vo, ' not to care a button for him '. — For sing, patattan,
cf. iittu.
ta:u, s., taw, D., 'silence': / o:ys na torn /a.-u ar i glep o, 'he
chatters unceasingly ' ; rot's i da:u ibo vo, ' I shut him up ' ; ta:u pi:a
hi, ' mum's the word '.
taur, s.m., towr, D., ' thatcher '.
taval, s.m., pi. taveli, tafell, D., ' a round of bread '. Cf. W.B. col.
426. i°; D.G. cxlvi. "18.
tavarn, s.f., pi. tavarna, tafarn, D.G. cxxi. 17 ; Acts xxviii. 15 ;
D., ' public-house ' : gneyd troyd i davarn, ' to set foot in a public-
house ' ; — also ty: tavarn, pi. tai tavarna.
tavarndy, s.m., pi. tavarndai, tafarndy, D., ' public-house '.
iavarnur, s.m., tafarnwr, G.R. [i 15] 15 ; C.C. 449. 10 ; C.L.C. ii.
24. 9, 'publican'.
tavl, s., tafl, D., s.v. ' funda ', only in the exp.yfr« davl, ' sling '.
tavlod, s.f., taflod, D. (i) ' hay-loft ' ; also, in cottages, ' a kind
of bedroom or loft covering only part of the room below. (2)
' palate '.
tavly, tavlyd, tendy, terulyd, v., taflu, D. ; cf. towly, K.H. 105. 38.
Imperative tavl, tavla, teula. Pret. Pass, tavluyd, teuluyd. (i) ' to
526 tavod — tawely
throw ' : tavly (= li\jo Kerig\ ' to throw stones ' ; Jumma 9 rham a
faula 9 tail ma 9 mhelax, ' take the spade and throw this manure
further ' ; tavlux r he:n so6a\ na i r ta:n, ' throw that rubbish into
the fire ' ; mi tavloft o ar i hy:d i r ba:u, ' he threw him full length
into the mud ' ; du i wedi kqyl 9 nhewly alan, ' I have been turned
out ' ; tavly i enaid ar 9 drain, ' to be on thorns ' ; tavlyd ma:yn, ' to
put the weight ' (game) ; tavly ru:in heibjo, ' to put some one off '
Swith an indefinite statement) ; tavly r blagyr, ' to sprout, to shoot '.
2) ' to throw away ' : wel i xi davlyd hun, ' you had better throw
that away ' ; papyra i tavlyd, ' papers to be thrown away '. (3)
followed by drost ' to look through ' : tavlyd dros riu he:n beBa.
(4) 'to insinuate ' : tavly mo:d *'...,' to insinuate that I . . .'. (5)
intr. : may po:b pe:B m tavly, tavlyd alan (= lixjo) l every thing is
coming out ' (i. e. in spring) ; dannaS m tavlyd alan, ' projecting
teeth '.
tavod, s.m. (sometimes f.), pi. tavoda, tafod, D., ' tongue ' : may
deilan ar i davod o, l he has an impediment in his speech ' ; may
tavod te:u (de:u) gmo vo, * he speaks thickly ', used especially of one
who cannot say his ' r's ' properly ; heb vlewyn ar i davod, ' without
mincing matters ' ; vy:% dim ble:u ar 9 nhavod i u 8eyd uQo vo, ' I'll
tell him so quick enough ' ; r 0:8 hi ar vla.yn 9 nhavod, * it was on
the tip of my tongue ' ; tavod UBrig, tavod rhu:yb, 'a fluent, a supple
tongue ' ; may hi n vrak jaun i Qavod, ' she is very ready with her
tongue ' ; / o:ys gano vo fa'm daint i attal i davod, ' he speaks his mind
freely ' ; r 0:8 hi y £e:g a Bavodybynu, ' she was their mouthpiece ' ;
tavod dru:g, tavod vydyr (bydyr), * a foul tongue ' : may gmo vo
davod bydyr, ' he uses obscene language ' ; v&a iy kal tippin o davod
m ammaljaun, ' I get a bit of scolding very often ' ; mynd i ?jhe:§
i i xwMjo am 9 nhavod; tavod ba:x, 'uvula'. Transferred uses:
tavod 9r hy:$, ' hart's tongue ' ; tavod klo:x, ' clapper of a bell ' ; tavod
esgid, ' tongue of a boot ' ; — (in railways in slate quarries) ' point'.
tavodi, v., tafodi, O.P., ' to use the tongue ; to be insolent to ;
to blackguard '.
tavodrug, tavotrug, adj., tafod-drwg, P.G.G. 204. 13; T.N.
328. 12; tafod-ddrwg, G.O. ii. 136. 18. (i) 'foul-mouthed,
using bad language '. (2) ' saucy '.
tavol, s.pl., tafol, D. : dail tavol, sing, deilan davolan, ' dock-leaves '
(Rumex obtusifolius) ; tori brextan vel deilan davolan, ' to cut a very
thin piece of bread and butter '.
tawal, adj., tawel, D., ' quiet ' : h: tawal ; dy:n tawal ; 9n dawal
tawedog, adj., tawedog, D., ' taciturn '.
tawelux, s.m., tawelwch, D., 'quiet '.
tawely, v., tawelu, D., s.v. ' tranquillo ' ; 'to calm, pacify; to
become calm, pacified ' : may r helynt wedi tawely.
la.yn — trgux 527
fa:ynt le'yn, s., taen, D., ' the state of having been spread ' : */* r
gwair ar da:yn -gmoxii1, * have you spread your hay ? ' ; — fhoi difad
ar de'yn ar 9 klut gla:s.
ia:yr, adj., taer, D., ' urgent, ardent, importunate ' : govyn w
da:yr, ' to make urgent inquiries'.
te:, s.m., t6, T.N. 12. 35, ' tea' : hpanad o de:, *a cup of tea ';
also dtsglad o de: (nearly obsolete) ; \u:y de:, l tea-spoon ' ; terwa^
tolii te:, ' to pour out tea ' ; may r te: y gry: vel truyQ party.
tebig, adj., comp. hhkkax, fakkax, tebyg, D., s.v. « similis ' ; tebic,
L.A. 98. 26; tebig, D.F. [xiv] 22; G.R. [107] 15. (i) Mike':
•/ sdanu dim ?n debig i u &i/i&, ' they are not like one another ' ;
'wybosti i be: du i n dy weld di n debig /, ' do you know what I think
you are like ? ' ; pe:6 fakka o dim i lo:sg ta:n, ' exactly like a burn ' ;
may n debig aru i la:u, ' it is very like rain '. (2) ' likely ' : tebig
0 vynd, ' likely to go ' ; debig jaun /, ' I should just think so ! ' ; debik
Kin i = dekKin i, 1 1 suppose '. (3) used substantively : m o:l po:b
tebig, ' in all probability ' ; we/is t ri'oyd i debig o, ' I never saw any-
thing like it '.
tebol, adj., atebol, S.E., { fit, in a fit state ' ; ' suitable ' : tan brta
1 n tebol i zveifyo, ' until I am in a fit state to work' ; u:tinfu:r vod
0 n tebol i neyd 3 gwaiQ s £in i ?, ' are you sure he is suitable to do
the work I have in hand? '— (O.H.). Cf. atebol
tebot, s.m., ' tea-pot ' : pi:g tebot, ' spout of a tea-pot ' ; vel o: dgi:
meun tebot, ' in apple-pie order '.
tebtgol, adj., tebygawl, O.P., ' likely * : lebygol o vynd, ' likely to
go'.
tebagy, v., tebygu, D., s.v. ' similo ' ; 'to be like ' : may o n tebzgy
1 u da:d : — tebiksun, dyksun, ' I should have thought '.
te:g, adj., comp. tekka\, t^g, D. (i) 'beautiful, fine': ma na
olug te:g ami hi, ' she is beautiful ' \—dy:n te:g zr olug ; — mi s/e8is
i laur tan i8i 8u:ad m de:g, ' I sat down until the weather cleared
up '. (2) ' fair ' : \wara te:g i \i, l fair play to you ' ; 'we must
admit that ' ; durnodte:g o waiQ, ' a fair day's work ' ; gneyd m de:g
afaub, 'to deal fairly with every one ' ; — adverbially: m ara de:g,
' slowly ' ; m wastat te:g, ' continually, always ' ; m injon de:g,
1 presently, exactly '.
tegan, s.m.f., pi. hgana (more commonly tegins\ tegan, D. (i)
' toy ' ;— esp. in the form te&ins, l broken bits of crockery, etc., used
by children in \wara ty: ba:\\ (2) ' baubles, idle fancies ' : mynd
ar o:l po:b tzgana. (3) ' a good hit, hard blow ' : he:n tfap m rhoi
tegan i ru:in ag ?y ka:l tegan i hy:n m 9 diwati, ' a rogue giving it
some one and catching it himself in the end '.
tegux, s.m., tegwch, D., ' beauty ' ; ' fairness '.
528 tei — tclpyn
tei, s.m.f., 'tie'.
t&a, s.m., pi. maja ; teitja (I.W.), teid, W.S. [Tyde], ' tide '
= lanu. (I have also heard a pi. ieikja at Llanfairfechan.)
teidi, adj., 'tidy' (= tut) : dy:n ba:\ teidi,— teidi n i dilad, hevo i
waiQ, etc.
teiljo, teilo, v., teilo, D., ' to manure '.
teiljur, s.m., pi. teilurjad, tayliwr, W.S. [A tayllyour] ; tailiwr,
G.R. [104] 14 ; taeliwr, B.C. 21. 13, ' tailor'.
teilxjon, s.pl., talch, D., sing, telchyn, * granum contritum ' ;
' fragments, pieces ' : may o wedi tori n deilxjon ma:n = dipja ma:n,
ylu ma:n,ysu ma:n, aflon ma:n.
te'ilum, teiluy, adj., teilwng, D. (i) ' worthy': may o n deilum o
hono vo. (2) ' honest ' : dy:n teilum.
teibydod, s., teilyngdod, D., ' worth, merit '.
teimlad, s.m., pi. teimlada, teimlad, W.S. [Handlyng], ' feeling ' :
riu he:n deimlad ka:s ty'ag 'alta\i»
teimladuy, adj., teimlad wy, D., 'touching, sympathetic, humane'.
teimlo, v., teimlo, D., s.v. ' palpo ' ; * to feel ' : du i n teimlo n wel
heno, ' I feel better to-night ' ; teimlo n Mgalon, ' to feel depressed ' :
teimlo n xzw'.*0, ' to feel at a loss ' ; vel brta i n teimlo ar 9 rjhalpn>
' as I feel disposed '.
teirawr, s.f., teirawr, D., s.v. ' trihorium ' ; ' three hours '.
teirbluyb, adj., teirblwydd, D., s.v. ' triennis ' ; ' three years old '.
teirgwaiB, adv., teirgwaith, D., s.v. ' ter J ; ' three times' . (This
is the common form — tair gwaiB is emphatic.)
teirinaby s., taerineb, ' insistence '.
teisan, s.f., pi. teisys, tetsenna, teisen, D., 'cake' (seldom used
= kakkan)\ sometimes used of a piece of dough ready for baking
placed in a corner of the oven, to be used till the bread is ready
(O.K.).
ttif'o, v., ' to build a stack '.
teif'ur, s.m., ' stacker '.
teKal, s.m., Eng. tea-kettle, ' kettle ' : pi:g teKal, ' spout of a kettle '.
teklyn [tat la],
telera, s.pl., telerau, O.P., ' terms ' : ar buy delera />, ' on what
terms ? '
teligraftjo, v., ' to telegraph '.
telmi, s.pl., cf. telm, D., ' laqueus'; ' gimcracks, useless knick-
knacks ' : riu he:n delmi vel hyn (Bangor).
telpyn, s.m., pi. talpja, telpyn, D., ' lump ' : telpyn o glai ; ma: r
he:n hogyn wedi Qrawo hi a Qelpyn o Z>rt:d. Cf. talp.
telyn — ttrvyn
5*9
telyn, s.f., pi. tebna, telyn, D., ' harp '.
tempar, s.m.f. (i) 'temper' : mynd o i dempar, 'to lose one's
temper ' ; rubaB i dmny vo o i dempar •, ' something to make him lose
his temper ' ; m dru:g t dempar •, ' in a bad temper ' ; tempar y\al,
1 bad temper'; tempar ka:s, tempar bli:n. (2) 'bad temper':
a tempar wedikodi m 9 vam, ' the mother having got into a temper '.
(3) ' temperament ' : tempar gry:, tempar wan.
tempro. v., temprio, C.L.C. v, vi, 47. 1 2, ' to temper ' : to& 9 mortar
m wt-di tempro njaun, i. e. there was not enough water mixed with
the mortar.
temtaf'un, s.f., temtasiwn, M.LI. i. 102. 19, 'temptation'.
tena, adj., comp. tme'yax, tenau, D., ' thin ' : Kin dmeyad a welfan
(wa/an, wq/ar), — a dim u:y, — a bra:n, — aja:rm i Balkan, — arasal;
— m dena vel xwippin po:st ; — du:r Jena, ' shallow water '.
tenant, s.m., pi. t3nantjad, tenant, D.G. clxxix. 18, 'tenant'.
tendar, adj., tender, T.N. 266. 18, ' tender ' (of meat) = bray; —
Kerftad m dendar, ' to walk gingerly '.
tendar, s., l tinder ' : boks tendar a r klut 9no vo.
tendjo, tendjad, v., tendio, T.N. 125. 25; Eng. attend, (i) 'to
mind, take care ', Fr. ' faire attention ' = gwiljo : tendju\ rhak ovn
i xi szrQjo, 'tendjuxi (for tendjux i X*) syrBjo, tendjux a swBjo, ' mind
you don't fall' ; tendja i ti vrivo, 'mind you don't hurt yourself;
tendjux i r glo: S3r6jo 'arnoxi, * mind the coal doesn't fall on you ' ;
tendja maxgan *', ne mi dry:d 9 pun, ' look out my boy, or the load
will fall ' ; tendjux dori rfenast, ' mind you don't break the window ' ;
-tendjuxi r plentyn, * mind the child ' ; mi tendja i o, ' I'll keep an eye
on him ' ; tendja dd hyn, dakku daru rhyBrog /, ' mind, there's a
dangerous bull ! ' (2) ' to mind, take care of, nurse, attend ', Fr.
' soigner ': tendjo pobol sa:l, ' to nurse patients ' ; wrs tendjo, ' monthly
nurse ' ; du i wedi dendjo vo vel babi, ' I have looked after him like
a baby '. (3) ' to attend ', e.g. school. (4) ' to wait (at table) '.
tent, s.f., ' tent '.
tep, s.m., ' tape ' ; also ' the capping of a flail '.
terig, s., terrig ar sodlau, D., rimae calcium, fceditas calcium, in
the exp. an derig o va:u, used e. g. of a garment which has fallen
from the line into the mud.
term, s., term, D.G. cxxviii. 54, in the exp. ar i derm, ' on the
spree ' (W.H.).
ternas, hrnas, s.f., teyrnas, D. ; tyrnas, W.B. col. 8. 32 ; 30. 36 ;
ternas, C.C.M. 20. 6 ; W.LI, xxviii. 6, ' kingdom ' : vasa n welgin
i na r dsrnas tasa r pe:B dim wedi digu§.
tervyn, s.m., pi. tervnta, terfyn, D., ' end, boundary ' : may o n
tdnny at 3 tervyn, * he is approaching his end ', ' he is getting old ' ;
isa M m
£ 3 o tervysg — tewi
tervyn 9 bay Uuy, ' the boundary of the two parishes ' ; mi'e'iQ 3 bu:x
dros d tervma n injon, ' a he-goat will get out of bounds at once '.
tervysg, s.m., pi. tervasga, terfysg, D. (i) 'commotion': kodi
tervysg. (2) ' thunderstorm ' : du i n meftul bo:d tervysg mi hi (bot
i am neyd tervysg, bod na dervysg 3n ruld].
te:s, te:sgj s., tes, D., ' heat ' with reference to the weather : mo\al
te:s, ' to shelter from heat '. Cf. gwre:s.
tesog, adj., tesog, D., ' hot and inclined to be sultry ', and implying
generally a certain cloudiness or mistiness overhead.
testyn, s.m., pi. testma, testun, D., ' text ' (of a sermon), ' subject '
(of an essay, etc.), ' object of common talk ' : k ovn i mi vynd m
destyn farad.
te:6, s.f., pi. te6i, tSth, D., ' teat '.
te:u, adj., pi. teujon, tew, D. (i) ' thick ' : niul te:u, l thick mist '
(= trum) ; may r eira n de:u, ' the snow is deep ' (= truxys] } m de:u o
vloda, ' thick with flowers ' ; tori bara menyn dn rhy: de:u, l to cut bread
and butter too thick ' ; Kin dewad a \ly:st eidjon, ' as thick as a
bullock's ear ' (said of cloth, fustian, leather, etc.) ; gwal de:u, ' a
thick wall ' (childish, O.K. = bdan) ; farad in de:u, ' to speak
thickly ' ; kly:st de:u, l a dull ear ', opp. to kly:st dena. (2) ' fat ' :
Kin dewad a moxyn ; te:u vel avol, te:u vel r hu:\ 3n r haft ; lump o
dy:n te:u ; doxa teujon.
fe.-u, s.m., pi. teuja, tew, ' thickness ' : xwe: modvaft o de:u, ' si:
inches thick ' ; d 0:8 na dim te:u asgal gwybedyn rhuyOo vo a x
Ia:8 (I.W.), ' he was within an ace of being killed ' ; holii ply:g a,
de:u neylty:ol, ' to split a block of slate to a particular thickness '
te:u pedar, ' a thickness of four slates ', l the fourth part of the thick-
ness of a klut '.
teudrum, adj., tewdrwm. (i) 'slow of comprehension'. (2)
1 somewhat obstinate or sullen ', said of one who pretends not to
hear.— (O.K.)
teudur, s.m., tewedd, tewder, tewdwr, D., 'thickness, fatness '.
teuglyd, adj., tewglyd, 'well off; in prosperous, comfortable
circumstances ' : syt may hun a hun ? may o n deuglydjaun (O.H.).
/reett,v., tewi,D. Fut. S. i.tawa, 2. tewi, -$.tawi6,tewi6. Pl.i.tewun,
2. teux, 3. tawan, tewan. Imperf. S. i. taun, teun, 2. tawat, 3. tawa,
etc. Pret. S. i. tewis, 2. tewist, 3. tawob, tewoft. PI. i. tauson, 2. tausox,
3. tauson. Plup. tausun. Pres. Subj. tawo. Imperative S. 2. ta:u,
3. tawad. PI. 2. teux, ' to be silent ' : ta:u, ne mi gei glystan /, ' hold
your tongue, or you'll get a box on the ears ! ' ; mi kosa i di os na
6ewi di!, ' I'll give it you if you don't stop ! ' ; ta:u ar d? loll, ' none
of your nonsense ! ' ; pen vy:8 day 8y:n wedi mynd i gekry tawad 9
kala, 'when two people have come to words let the wiser keep silent '
(O.H.) ; teux!, ' you don't mean it ! ' ; teux a so:n, ' don't mention it '.
tewy n — tikkal 531
tewyn, s.m., tewyn, D., s.v. ' titio ' ; ' ember ' : / o:& na kirn lewyn
o da:n m 9 gra:t.
tcyly, s.m., pi. t<tyly:ok, teulu, D., ' family '.
teyly:a*> adj., teuluaidd, D., « family ' : fokdsuy* dfyly:ab, ' family
prayers ' ; dy:n tfyly:ab, ' a family man '.
leynefy, v., taenellu, D., ' to sprinkle '.
tfynva, s.f., taenfa, O.P., ' the state of having been spread ' : rti
r gwair ar dtynva 'gznoxi?, ' have you spread your hay ? '
tfyny, v. [tany].
tfyrn, s.m., teyrn, D., ' an arrogant, authoritative person ' : r o&
0 n dippin o deyrn hevo paub ; r u:ti n ormod o deyrn (J.J. ; O.H.).
teyry, v., taeru, D., 'to argue, insist, assert strongly and con-
tinuously ' : day dy:n m teyry ar i giht, « two people arguing with
each other ' (= amrtszmmy) ; / o:n i Sim am deyry nes t mi ovyn
1 ru:in ara^ ' I was not going to insist on the point until I had
asked some one else ' ; r o:b hi n nheyry vi bo:d . . ., ' she insisted
(against my opinion) that . . .'.
//.•(when not emphatic //), pron.,ti, ' thou, thee '. As to the distinc-
tion between ti: and <//:, ti: is always used in the nominative case after
a verbal form ending in /, as w:/(/)/V, wybost(f)i? brmnist (f)i o ?
but after forms ending in j*, di: takes its place, as os na Qewi di, ' if
thou art not silent ' ; net di by&, ' thou never wilt ' ; / ei di byO,
' thou wilt never go ' ; mi gei di annuyd, l thou wilt catch cold ' ; — di
is also used when the pronoun is inserted after an imperative, as
hmmar di arvod go vexan, l take a somewhat small stroke ' (with
a scythe). As object after a verb, whether the verb is followed by
a pronoun or not (including the infinitive), always di:. After a
preposition, either in a pronominal combination or not, always //':, as
arnat (/)?", i ii:. As complement to <& always di:t as d» da:d di, dy
vam di. Emphatic form ?x'h-' ', conjunctive form tiQa.
tibil, s., pi. tibia, dibl, D., Ora, collutulatio extremitatis vestium,
'mud-marks on the hem of garments': g/erun m dibit i &i:d, i. e.
9 gweylod m dibla (O.H.) ; o:b i drausys m dibla o va:u.
tiblo, v., diblo, D., ( to bespatter with mud '.
tida, s.pl., (?) tid, D., { catena ' ; ' dribblings from the mouth ' :
gulun tida, ' to dribble, slaver '.
tidot v., tido, D., s.v. ' illaqueo ', ' obstringo ' ; in the exp. bara
wedi tido, l bread which is badly baked and become stringy ' (I.W.).
tikkad, s.m., pi. tiKedi, * ticket ' : kodi tikkad, * to buy a ticket '.
iikkal; dittal (O.H.), s.m., ' the last milk obtained in milking ',
" strippings ". Cf. bleinjon and armal.
tikkal, v., ticial, O.P., ' to obtain the last milk ' : da\i wedi Qikkal
hi, i.e. 9vyux (J.J.).
M m 2
532 tila — tinslip
tila, adj., 'insignificant': may n edrax an Sigon tila, 'it looks
rather insignificant ' ; araB go dila sy gmo vo, ' he is rather a poor
speaker ' ; — of clothes : may r trausys m edrax dn dila implies
trousers which are too tight and short.
timboyB, adj., tinboeth, G.O. ii. 276. IT, 'lecherous'; also sub-
stantively, ' venereal disease ' — (O.H.).
timbran, s.m., tinbren, O.P., ' the piece of wood behind a horse or
each of two horses ploughing, to keep the traces apart ; swingle-
tree, single-tree '. Cf. bombran. — As applied to persons, ' a good-
for-nothing fellow ' (O.K.).
//:«, s.f., pi. tina, tin, D. (i) ' posterior ' : ssrBjo n di:n (a i di:n)
am i ben, ' to fall head over heels ' ; p» sdrBjun ar 9 nhi:n vedrun i
mo i gneythi, * if I half killed myself I couldn't do it ' ; mia:B ifur ar
hy:d i di:n, ' he went away unwillingly ' ; in pi. rhoid ar hy:d i Una ;
— may o y gneyd peBa dan dim, 'he does underhand, sneaky things'
(cf. G.O. ii. 156. 12 ; T.N. 276. 38); dy:n tan dim, ' sneak '; sigil
dim 9 guys, tinsigl y gwys, D., ' wagtail '. (2) ' bottom, end ' : ti:n
d drol, ' the back of the cart ' ; ti:n 9 mmy§ (m dim 9 mmyS), ' foot,
skirts of the mountain ' ( = godra) ; tavly nu a i tina i r gwynt, ' to
place (the corn) with their stalks to the wind ' ; ti:n i go:t, ' the
bottom of his coat ' ; ti:n dorB, * fag end of a loaf ' ; ti:n klaub,
' base of a hedge ' : tomman o riglon wedi hel i di:n klaub; tterbad
ar hy:d ti:n 9 klaub ; — pe:6 heb ben ak heb dim, ' a thing without head
nor tail ' ; / o:s na ben na Bi:n ar i stori o.
tindras, s.f., ' breeching ' (part of the harness).
•timdroi, v., tindroi, O.P., ' to loiter round and round the same
spot ' : 'ti:n'droi m dr y:n van o hy:d r u:ti r y:n va:B a ludun bendro
(O.H.), 'you keep loitering round and round the same spot like a
wether with the gid ' ; — ' to dilly-dally ' : 'timdroi hevo r gwaiB dn
le: neydo't—'to hesitate', e. g. as to whether one will go or not.
tindrum, adj., tindrwm, O.P., 'clumsy'.
tinfy, adj., tinddu, ' black-rumped ' : tinfy me$ 3 vra:n uB dr
wylan (prov.), ' the pot calls the kettle black '.
tinjon, s.pl., tinion, ' the corn or hay which forms the base of a
cock ' : tinjon gwair, tinjony:d (not known to O.H.).
tinxwiB, adj., tinchwith, G.R. [186] 3, ' blundering'.
tinlax, s.m., tinlach, O.P., ' a puny, insignificant little fellow ' :
an din/ax o §y:n ; r he:n dinlax lartf.
•tiwtippa, adj., ' crestfallen ' : mi a:B i fur dn 'dt:n'ltppa jaun —
wedi meBy ka:l i negas.
tinslip, adj., 'sheepish, down in the mouth ' : mia:BoruBa in dinslip
jaun (also an dim slip).
tinwan — tirf'a 533
tinwan, s., tinwen ; cf. tinwyn, D., s.v. * pygargus ' ; tinwan 9
garag, ' wheatear ' (Saxicola oenanthe).
tiyk, s.f., tine, D. (i) 'tinkle': rh0ux dink ar 9 glo:\. (2) 'a
bit of song ' : ghetux i ni dink ; hence, in preaching : r o:d gmo vo r
diykjaun, ' he had a " hwyl " of the genuine stamp '. (3) ' weari-
some refrain '. (4) ' bad report ' : 'may o a i dink ar baub.
tinkary s.m., \\.tinkars, tincr, D.G. cxxi. 18; tinker, VV.S. [A
tynker], ' tinker ' : tinkar uQ di:n Hi:, ' tin can tied to a dog's tail '.
thjKera, v., 'to tinker '.
tinkjan, v., tincian, D., ' to sound, tinkle ' (of a bell) ; ' to
chink '(of money), 'to clank ' (of a chain);-— ma na riu dinkjan
9 mlhi:6 9 bobol bo:d . . ., ' there is a (bad) report about that . . .'.
tip, s., pi. iipjada, 'tick' (of a clock).
tipjan, v., ' to tick ' (of a clock).
iippad, s.m., pi. tipedi, 'tippet'; tippet effeirat, W.S. [A preestes
typpet] ; tippad dros i sguyba.
tippin, s.m., pi. tipja, tippyn, St. Matth. v. 18, ' a little, abit';
•vedruxi farad hm'ra:ig / tippin ba:xy ' can you speak Welsh ? ' ' A
little ' ; may tippin 9n o:yr heftju, ' it is rather cold to-day ' ; may y
gleyo dippin, ' it is getting a little lighter ' ; tippin yux, ' a little higher,
louder ' ; vesyl tippin, ' little by little ' ; meun tippin o o.yd, ' getting
on in years ' ; da\i wedi hel tippin go le:u (tippin go da:) o ve:l i r
ku:x, ' you have feathered your nest pretty well ' ; po:b tippin, ' every
scrap ' ; y mhen tippin ba:x, ' after a little time ' ; maynagryn dippin
o:d akku i r knebrun, ' it is a good long way to the funeral from my
home ' ; may o wedi mynd <m dipja, ' it is broken to bits '.
ti:r, s.m., pi. tiroS, tir, D., ' land ' : ti:r brak, 'soft, easily worked
land ' (= ti:rrhy:$) ; ti:r dra:s, ' rich land ' (= ti:r nerOol, ti:r kry:} ;
ti:r gla:s, ' land covered with grass, turf, lawn ' ; ti:r gwydt, ' land
which has never been cultivated ' ; ti:r ko:x, ' dry, barren land ' ;
ti:r korfog, ' marshy land ' ; ti:r lavyr, * tilled land ' ; ti:r m0unog^
' peat land ' ; ti:r o:yr, ' wet, undrained land ' ; ti:r port, ' pasture
land ' ; ti:r sa:l, ' poor land ' ; ti:r /rum, ' heavy land, difficult to
work ' (=ti:r tyn, ti:r kl'e'iog) ; gzry ti:r, ' to overwork land '; may r ti:r
wedi blzno, ' the land has been overworked ' ; troir ti:r, ' to plough ' ;
may o n sevyl ar dippin o di:r, ' he is a portly person, — important in
his own eyes ' = hdy tippin ar i dra.yd ag ?y gweld i hy:n m 8y:n
maur.
tir jo, v., turio, D., 'to turn up the ground like a pig '.
tirjon, adj., tirion, D., ' kindly ' : dy:n tirjon (hevo) ; — nha:d tirjon /,
' good gracious ! ' ; — also of the weather : durnod tirjon implies a fine
day but not too hot.
tirfa, t9rfa, s.pl., cf. turs, D., * rostrum ' ; ' surly looks ' : paid a
gustun d3 dirf'a arna i, ' do not look at me in that surly manner ' ;
— tmny tirfa.
534
tif'an — tokjo
tif'an, v., tisian, Job xli. 18, 'to sneeze*.
tittu, s.m., titw, R.; cf. Eng. (Dial.) titty [A cat, kitten; a pet
name for a cat or kitten], ' puss ' ; tittu p9tattan, applied to a kitten ;
tUtu tommos la:s, dittu dommos la:s, ' tomtit ' (Parus caeruleus) ;
r hem dittu, tittu b^xan, said of a small man, but according to O.H.
°he:n dittu — he:n ga:B o 8y:n, i. e. dymfals.
tiBa, pron., tithau, conjunctive form of ti\ trawa di: vi:, mi trawa
inna diBa, ' you hit me and I'll hit you ' ; i tiBa, ' to thee also '!
ti:B, s., tuth, D. ; cf. tith, C.C.M. 78. 29, ' canter ' : mynd ar di:B
= tiBjo.
ti6jo,'\., tuthio, D.; cf. tithio, C.C.M. 227. 30, 'to canter', —
between trotjo and karlammy (O.H.).
tmn, s.f., pi. tiunja> ton ne tun, W.S. [Tune] ; pi. tiwnie, C.L.C.
iv. 39. 8, * tune '.
tivab, s.m., etifedd, D. ; cf. tifedd, D.F. [48] 3, ' heir ' = a:yr.
tlaud, adj., pi. tlodjon, comp. tlottax, tlawd, D., ' poor ' : Kin dlottad
a Igodan egluys, Kin dlottad a leyan, ' as poor as a church mouse '.
/lino, v., tylino, D., 'to knead ' = klino.
tlodab, adj., tylodaidd, P.G.G. 35. n, 'miserable, forlorn': syt
olug sy arno vo ? golug tlodad a gwa:yljaun.
tlodi, s.m., tlodi, D., ' poverty '.
tlodi, v., tlodi, D., ' to impoverish '.
to:, s.m., pi. toia, to, D. (i ) ' roof, covering ' : to: gwe:lt, ' thatched
roof; to: sglaitf, 'slate roof; o dan do:, 'under cover'; rhoi
to: am i penna nu, ' to put a covering over them ' ; adar (<?) /o:,
' sparrows '. (2) ' generation ' : 9 to: ivayk, ' the younger genera-
tion '. Cf. W.B. col. 450. 1 8.
to:, s., ' taw ' : to: ah', ' alley taw ' ; to: tfem, ' a large white marble '.
tobi, v., toddi, D., ' to melt ' : mi foljax na 0oda menyn zn i xe-'k i,
ond dorux lump o gaus an i xe'-k *'» mi dobiB hunnu (mi gnoiB hunnu n
o: handi), ' you would think butter would not melt in her mouth,
but put a lump of cheese in her mouth — that will melt ' (' she '11
chew that quick enough ').
toty'on, s.pl., toddion, O.P., ' things melted and congealed '.
toft, s.m., pi. toftja, ' seat in a boat ' (O.H. and Bangor).
toi, v., toi, D., ' to roof, cover ' : gneyd lexi i doi tai, ' to make
slates for roofing houses ' ; toi kut moxyn, ' to roof a pig-sty '.
tokt adv., toe, C.C. 28. 24; R., 'soon, presently' : mi do: i mo
tok, ' I'll come soon ' ; mi a:ni sbel etto tok, ' we'll go on for a bit
presently ' ; mi 8a:u tok a da:, ' it will come soon '.
tokjo, v., dockio, W.S.; toccio, D., 'to dock': tokjo marljod, 'to
dock ponies ' (J.J.) ; tokjo klaub, ' to dock a hedge ' (O.K., but not
J.J., who had sgrutfo in this sense); tokjo koyd, ta:s (O.H.).
tokkyn — ton 535
tokkyn, dokkyn, s.m.t pi. tokmna, tokyn, W.S. [A tokyn] — hnny
tokkyn (dokkyn), tmny bara dokkyn (tokkyn), ' to draw lots ' (e. g. with
straws). Cf. dob.
tokkyn, s.m., pi. tokja, l heap ' : tokkyn o fcerig, ' a heap of stones '
(e. g. to mark a boundary) ; — tokkyn o eiBin, o bri& ; — tokkyn
margrig, ' ant-hill ' = tumpaB o vargrig, tumpaB margrig.
folk, s.m., pi. iolkja, tolc, D., ' dent ' : ma na dolk m 9\ het x*>
1 your hat is dented ' ; pisar a Bolk 9no vo, ' a can with a dent in it ' ;
ma: na he:n dolkja a klonkja ar hy:d 9 fork, ' the road is full of
hollows and bumps '.
tolkjo, v., tolcio, D. (i) * to dent ' : (e: -dolKisti 9 pisar ? (2) * to
butt ' : bu:\ gavr m tolkjo ag 9m pbndro (O.H.). Cf. D. tolcio fal
hwrdd, * coniscare'.— Also turkjo, torkjo.
tolkjog, adj., tolciog, D., s.v. ' rugosus ' ; ' dented ' : het dolkjog ;
— may r ar8 9m bantjog ag m dolkjog ar d o:l di, i. e. unevenly dug
(O.H.) ; may rford 9n dolkjog ag 9y gleykjog (O.H.).
tolpjo, v. (i) « to place sods on the apex of a thatched roof =
rhoi tolpja ar ben iy:. (2) 'to throw sods at' : tolpjo ru:in hevo
tolpja (O.H.).
tolpyn, s.m., pi. tolpja* 'sod', or 'a piece of earth with grass
growing on it torn out of the ground '. Cf. talp.
tolyn, s.m., pi. tob(r)s, Eng. thole ; ' rowlock'.
tolti, v., tywalltu, O.P. Fut. 3. toltiQ, ty^t. Imperative tolta, « to
pour ' = teruualf.
torn, s.f., torn, D., ' dung ' = ba:u : gw(y:d dom, ' chickweed '
(Stellaria media).
tomman, s.f., pi. tomennyby tommen, D., ' manure heap ' ; ' heap '
(in general) : 9 gwreibin isa n 9 domman d9viQ y\ay prov. implying
that those of the lowest antecedents give themselves most airs ;
tomman &erig> ' a heap of stones ' ; iomman o riglon wedi Jul i dim
klauft, ' a heap of scrapings (from the road) piled under a hedge ' ;
ma: nu n rhoi nu n domman ar 9 ka:y, ' they make a heap of them in
the field ' ; may moruyn zy ka:yl i nabod uQ i domman (i. e. by things
thrown away on the ash-heap), may gwa:s 9y ka:yl i nabod uB
i gadlas (prov.) ; — in slate quarries, ' heap of refuse ' ; — wedi gb\y
n domman, ' wet through ' ; r o:d 9 ywa.'fr m ly:b domman (dail),
' my hair was dripping wet ' ; — also 9n ly:b soppan dail domman.
tommosy ' Thomas ' : diguldommos, ' St. Thomas's Day ' (Dec. 21)
— still sometimes observed as an occasion for asking alms ' ; — liitu
tommos la:s, ' titmouse ' (Parus cseruleus).
ton, s.f., pi. tonna, tonn, D., ' wave ' : ma:n donna, ' small waves ' ;
— na:B i dim ton o himba heityu, ' there has not been the slightest
lull in the bad weather to-day ' (O.H.).
536
to:n — tori
to:n, s.f., pi. tona, ton, D., ' tune ' : hem do:n ga:s s gin ti o hy:d,
( you are always harping on the same wearisome refrain '.
toni, s., ? Eng. tawny : m velyn vel toni (Bangor).
tonnan, s.f., tonnen, D., s.v. tonn, ' crusta, cuticula, cutis'; 'a
boggy, dangerous place grown over with grass in front of a plentiful
spring' (O.H.).
tonnog, adj., tonnog, D., ' rough ' (of the sea).
toykjo, v., tongcio, D.F. [146] 13 : turu lay 6 dn toykjo 3n 3 vy§a
(O
fop, s.m., pi. topja, top, W.S. ; topp, D.G. xxxix. 23 ; D., ' top'
= pen : top 2 mmy§, ' the top of the mountain ' ; top -gorlan(u),
' high tide ' ; wedi ksgi n 3 top, ' in a bad temper '.
top, s.m., pi. topja, topp, D., « top ' (toy) : trot, \wara top, ' to spin
a top '.
toppyn, s.m., dim. of top = pen : ' knob ', e. g. on the top of the
lid of a tea-pot = knottyn, kneppyn.
toppyn, s.m., toppyn, D., ' obstructorium ' ; cf. W.S. top i stoppio
[A stoppe], ' material to fill a gap or hole ' ; rhoi toppyn meun tul,
' to fill up a gap ' (in a hedge) ; toppyn o wedjmeun tul 9 kut/tattus,
' straw to fill up the ventilating hole in a heap of potatoes during
frost ' ; — toppyn o dolpja meun tul gwniyan.
toppyn, s.m., toppyn, D., dim. of top, ' top ' (toy).
tor, s., torr, D., 'the part of an animal's under parts behind the
fore-legs'; — also (of human beings), ' the upper part of the stomach ',
or ' stomach ' in general : dy:n sy gorvad ar i dor.
toraO, s.m., toreth, D., ' abundance ' : toraO maur ; ioraQ o datlus
— (seldom used).
tordras, s.f., tordres, ' belly-band ' (part of harness). Also taldras.
toreiQjog, adj., toreithiog, Psalm cvii. 37, 'plentiful, abundant':
kneya toreiBjog — (seldom used).
torgud, s.m., torgwd, ' a fat-bellied person ' : torgud te:u (O.H.).
tori, v., torri, D. Fut. S. 3. toriB \tyr\. Pret. PI. 3. tor son. Im-
perative tor; torux- (i) 'to break ' (trans, and intr.). (a) in simple
sense : wedi tort n deilxjon (ma:n), dipja, dipja ma:n, dipja ylu, dy
glatf, dnylu (ma:ri),ysu (ma:ri), dflon (ma:n\ ' broken to bits, shivers,
smithereens, etc.' ; wedi tori y gratfan, ' broken clean in two ' ; tori
n i hannar, ' to break in half ' ; tori karag dy glek, ' to break a
stone with a snap ', ' to break a stone clean through ' ; tori korn i
udu, ' to break one's neck ' ; sgidja wedi tori, ' broken shoes ' ; tori
u:y i vasn, ' to break an egg into a basin '. (b) ' to break the skin '
of sores, etc. : may 3 nylo n tori, ' my hands are chapped '. (c) fig.
tori abewid, ' to break a promise ' ; tori yair, ' to break my word ' ;
tori ghalon, tori n klonna, etc., ' to be depressed, discouraged, " cut
torjad—torxi 537
up " ' ; also ' to break one's heart ' ; may o n tori n aru, ' he is
getting to look old ' = tori n he:n. (d) 4 to break up, disperse ' :
tori huarvod, * to break up a meeting ' ; may r ngol wedi tori, ' the
school has broken up '. (e) ' to quench, assuage ' : tori s)\ad, ' to
quench thirst ' ; tori govid, gweyu, po:yn, ' to relieve pain '. (f) ' to
curdle ' (of milk) : may r fevriQ wedi tori, (g) with afan, f to come
out, sprout ' = tavly, tavlyd ajan, lfxjo~ (h) with ar, ' to interrupt ' :
tori ar 9 kwarvod, ' to interrupt the meeting ' ; tori ar 9 sbort, ' to
interrupt, spoil the sport '. (i) with i laur, ' to drop ' (of the wind) :
may r gwynt wedi tori i laur, ' to break in ' (of a horse) : tori Kefyl
i laur ( = *' veun). (j) with i vmy, ' to run short ' : o:ys &in ti vakko f
na:, du i wedi tori i vmy n la:n; — also without i vmy. (2) ' to cut,
cut off, cut down '. (a) in simple sense : tori ko:yd, ' to cut wood ' ;
'to cut down trees ' ; tori maun, ' to cut peat ' ; tori i ben, ' to cut
off his head ' ; torimhen a rhoi i mi eli \eli\ ; tori pen 9 klauto, ' to trim
the hedge ' ; tori n vyr, ?y gutta, ' to cut short ' ; — with middle or
reflexive sense: tori ywa:£t, 'to have my hair cut*, (b) fig. tori
geirja, l to articulate clearly ' ; tori i ben, ' to take away his reputa-
tion ' ; tori htt ' to cut a dash '. (c) tori enu, ' to sign one's name '.
(d) ' to dig ' : tori 6e:d, ' to dig a grave ' ; tori fo:s, tra:yn> ' to dig
a ditch, a drain ' ; tori tul, * to dig a hole '. (e) tori tul< ' to make
a hole '. (f) with ar, ' to shorten ' : may po:b durnod vel hyn m tori
ar 9 £eya, ' every (warm) day like this shortens the winter ' ; — ' to
castrate '(= kweirjo) ; — * to run down ' (fig.) : tori arna i m 9 ghevn,
'to run me down behind my back'; cf. (i) (h). (3) 'to tear':
may r dilad wedi tori n raks gnbibjon, ' the clothes are torn to
shreds ' ; tori rubaB tru i hannar, ' to tear something in half ' ; tori
pappyr m hik hak, ' to tear paper so as to give it a ragged edge ' ;
tori dolan, ' to tear out a leaf '.
torjad, s.m., torriad, D., s.v. ' fractura ' ; 'a breaking, cutting ' :
may hi wedi maru o dorjad i \alpn t * she died of a broken heart ' ;
bulx tri Qorjad, a sheep's ear-mark so called [no:d] ; — karag m
holol smu:v m i Qorjad (O.H.).
torklonnys, adj., torcalonus, O.P., * heart-breaking, broken-
hearted '.
torx, s., pi. tor\a, torch, D. (i) ' a kind of collar placed round
the neck of an animal ', e. g. torx o wair, o gortyn, o biljon pabuyr ;
tmny torx, c & game played by two persons sitting on the ground
opposite to one another with their feet touching ; each one grasps
a stick placed at right angles between them and tries to pull the
other up '. (2) ' a rag put on the head to steady something carried
there '. (3) ' coil, fold ' : r o:d i sanna vo i laur m dorxa, ( his
stockings were down over his boots ' ; may i we£il ?n dorxa, ' the
nape of his neck hangs in coils of fat '.
torxi, v., torchi, D., ' to turn up ' : tor\i i lewis, i dremsys, ' to
turn up one's sleeves, trousers '.
538 tor Ian — terwyb
torlan, s.f., pi. torlennyb, torlan, D., s.v. ' puluinus ' ; torrlan,
s.v. ' ripa ', torlann, s.v. ' crepido ', ' bank of a river or of a channel
on the sea-shore '.
torluyd, adj., torllwyd, F.N. 34 (30), 'grey-bellied ' : Kefyl torluyd,
' an old type of horse, now never seen in the district, black in colour,
but grey on the under parts ' (O.H.).
torluyB, s., torllwyth, D., ' litter ' : torluyB o vo:x, ' a litter of pigs '.
— Also ' a great number '.
torog, adj., torrog, D., ' with young ' : hu:x dorog.
torsyB, adj., torsyth, O.P., said of one who struts about bolt
upright, e.g. one who has lately become a soldier or a policeman:
dy:ar annul! may o n layk torsyQ.
torB, s.f., pi. tor&a, torth, D., ' loaf : torB dan badal, ( pan loaf ;
torQ weylod, ' cottage loaf ' ; torB dyn, ' tin loaf ' ; torB geirx, ' oat"
cake ' ; gwynab 9 dor 6, ' the surface of the loaf ; KilKin o dor B,
' scrap-end of a loaf ' ; gweibi tair torB am gemjog, said of a child
who is yelling and screaming.
torur, s.m., torrwr, D., s.v. ' effractor ' ; torur beba, ' grave-digger ' ;
torur hfola, ' horse-breaker '.
to:st, adj., tost, D., ' harsh, painful ' : ma: r esgid ma n do:s't ar 9
korn, ' this shoe hurts the corn ' ; may o wedi brivo n do:st jaun, ' he
has been hurt very severely ' ; mi vasa n reit do:st 'arnoxi, ' it would
be a heavy task for you'; may hi n do:st jaun i weiBjo heibju
(e. g. because of the heat).
tostar, s.m., tostedd, D. , ' Calculus morbus, lithiosis ' ; ' stranguary '
(disease of horses).
tostiri, s., tosturi, D.; * pity '.
tostjo, v., ' to toast ' : tostjo (= krasy) bar a.
t0uljad, tauljad, s.m., tafliad, D., s.v. ' iactus ' ; 'a throw ' : Kim
belad a B0uljad karag, ' a stone's throw '.
t0uly^ t0ulyd [tavly].
t0wal, tu:al, s.m., pi. tnueli, twel, W.B. col. 226. 39 ; 425. 8,
' towel ' = Iran S9\y.
t0walt, tu:alt, v., ty wallt, D. Imperative terwalt ; the other forms
are on the model of tolti, ' to pour, pour out '.
t0wod, tu:od, s.m., tywod, D.; twod, W.LI. Hi. 34, 'sand'.
t0wodlyd, adj., tywodlyd, D., ' sandy '.
t0wottir^ s.m., tywottir, ' sandy land '.
t0wy§, tu:yb, s.m., but always 3 d0wyb (du:yb\ tywydd, D.,
' weather ' : tawyb 'anse'V9dlog('an-wadal} kmnewtdjol), ' changeable,
unsettled weather ' ; t0wyb bra:v, ' fine weather ' ; tmvyb egar(gwy:lt ;
stormys), ( stormy weather ' ; t0wy§ maur, ' stormy weather ' (cf. Fr.
trai 539
' gros temps ') ; ttrwybflat (gwi£il ; trimmati), ' sultry weather ' ; ar
bo:b terwyb, ' in all weathers ' ; may r dewyb wj klirjo (sy kodi), l the
weather is clearing up ' ; may r dsrwyb wedi tgoi, * the weather has
changed ' ; — sometimes, as in English, implies ' rough weather ' ;
may r d0wyb wedi kyro (knokjo) nu, ' the weather has spoilt them ' ;
may hi n debig jaun i riu derwyb, * it looks very like rough weather '.
tewyl, tu:y\, adj., comp. to/a*, tywyll, D. (i) ' dark ' : may hi n
derwyl vel 9 vagdy (= vel 9 bo'lot), may hi vel 9 bo'lol o dffwy^ may hi
Hin dulad a bol byu\, * it is pitch dark '. (2) fig. may vi smjad i arno
vo m derwyl jaun, ' I am very much in the dark as to the subject '.
(3) of colour, etc. : prj:d, gwa:li tfrwy^, ' dark complexion, hair '.
toys, s.m., toes, D., * dough '.
toyslyd, adj., toeslyd, O.P., ' doughy '.
tra, /r?, conj., tra, D., ' while ' : tp 'brtanu byu, ' while they live ' ;
In by:§ o yrnma, * while he is here ' ; 1p brta vo vnma, * while he
was here ' ; kyro r heyarn in brio vo m bo:y&> l to strike the iron
while it is hot '.
tra:d, s., trdd, B.C. 131. 13, 'trade': dgak o bo:b tra:d, ( Jack-of-
all-trades '.
^ s. and adv., tradwy, D., ' the next day but one ', Fr. * le
surlendemain ' ; tgannoQ ne draduy. Also ' three days hence ' : vory,
drennyd, draduy. Frequently draduy when used adverbially.
trafarQ, trafaQ, s,m., pi. traferBjon, trafferth, D. (i) 'trouble,
pains': hmmyd trafarQ, 'to take pains'; tru:y (= £id a) gryn
drafarQ, ' with considerable trouble ' ; mi £e:s i gryn drafarQ ivynd
mo, ' it gave me considerable trouble to go there '. (2) ' trouble,
grief : tmny trafarB am i ben, ' to bring down trouble upon oneself ;
meun trafarB, ' in trouble ' = meun po:yn, meun by:dt meun helbyl.
traferBux, s.m., trafferthwch, ' trouble ' : meun trafer&ux maur.
traferBys, adj., trafferthus, D., « busy, very much occupied '.
trafliB \trifliB}
tragerwyb, adj., tragywydd, D., ' everlasting, eternal ' : m dragtrwyb,
1 for ever '.
tragivybol, adj., tragwyddol, Gen. iii. 22; tragywyddol, D., 'ever-
lasting, eternal '.
tragwySoldab, s.m., tragywyddoldeb, D.; Gen. xlix. 26, l eternity ' :
am dragwyftoldab a durnod dros ben, ' for ever and a day '.
trai, s.m., trai, D., ' ebb-tide ' : may hi n drai = may hi n distil,
' it °is low tide ' ; hannar trai, ' half ebb ' ; distil trai, ' low water ' ;
fgaj a lanu, ' ebb and flow ' ; ar drai isal, ' at (an unusually) low
tide, low spring-tide ' ; — O.H. considers distil the commoner word; —
ddi hi n drai? was a common question in old days when the Lavan
540 trais — traval
Sands were frequently crossed, implying ' is the tide sufficiently low
to cross?' (O.H.).
trais, s.m., trais, D., ' violence ' : tru: drais, l by force ' ; — esp.
trais ar verx = ' stuprum ',
tralod, s.m., trailed, D., ' tribulation, adversity '.
tramguyS, s.m., pi. tramguyba, tramgwydd, D., ' offence ' : lummy d
d pe:B U:a n dramguyb, ' to take offence at the slightest thing '.
trammor^ adj., tramor, D., ' foreign, from over the sea ' : y:d
trammor.
tranlyd, adj., taranllyd, S.E., s.v. ' thundering ' ; ' thundery ' :
trannoQ, /rb'nnoQ, tronnoQ, s. and adv., trannoeth, W.B. col. 6. 21 ;
tranoeth, D° * the next day ' : trannoB ar o:l diguyb, ' a day behind
time ' ; trannoB ne draduy, ' on the next or following day '. Fre-
quently drannoO, etc., when used adverbially.
trany, v., taranu, D., 'to thunder '.
trayk, s., trang and trangc, D., * finis, obitus ' : may o ar drayk,
' he is in extremis '.
traujad, s.m., tarawiad, D., s.v. ' ictus ' ; cf. trawiad, C.C.M. 18. 4 ;
G.R. [105]. 17, ' moment* : ar draujad, ar y:n traujad, ' at once '.
tgaujadol, adj., tarawiadol, 'striking': hanesyn traujadol.
traur, trenir, trowr, D., s.v. ' hydragogus ' ; * ploughman '.
traus, s., traws, D., ' trans '. Always preceded by ar> thus forming
a preposition or adverb, ' over, across, crosswise ' , szrBjo ar draus
rubaO, * to fall over something ' ; may po:b pe:B ar draus i gt'h'd,
1 everything is topsy-turvy ' ; rhag ovn z'8o vo vynd ar 9n traus, ' for
fear he runs over us ' ; mi dois i ar i draus o, ' I came across him ' ;
Uvjo hi ar i Qraus, ' to saw it across ' ; tori ar 9 nrhaus uB ywerBin,
' to split with laughter ' ; may o bron tori ar i draus am vynd m
vlejmor, 'he is almost bursting with the desire of becoming an
elder ' ; farad ar draus ru:iny ' to interrupt some one ' ;— -farad ar
draus po:b sgurs, — ar draus po:b pe:B, ' if I may interrupt for a
moment ' — implying that the interruption is due to a fear of
forgetting what one had to say if one waited till the end of the
story or of the matter which was the subject of conversation ; ar
i hy:d ag ar i draus, l lengthwise and crosswise ' ; ar hy:d ag ar
draw, ' anyhow, at random ' ; pe:6 ar draus ag ar hy:d, ' a muddled
composition '.
traust, s.m., pi. trgustja, trawst, D., ' the cross-beam which unites
the beams, which in the form of an inverted V support a roof in a
series — thus forming a triangle '.
travali s.f., cf. yn trauael y grog, ' in praelo crucis ', L.A. 23. 9 ;
trafael, L.A. 131. 9 ; trafayl, W.S. [Trauayle]. (i) 'an instrument
— ttfiglo 541
of about a yard in length with a sharp edge upon which slates are
placed to be cut with a h(a& £erig. The seat upon which the work-
man sits is called maink /ravat, also shortened into trava!, e. g. isla
ar 9 draval (2) ' a journey for the sake of business, rounds ' : vy:s
i ar 9 nrhaval i r van a r van ; mynd am draval.
travaL s.f., * a wooden instrument for turning oat-cakes on the
griddle '(I.W.).
t%ave'iljo, v., trafaylio, W.S. [TrauayleJ; trafaelu, D., laborare,
operari; trafaelio, M.LI, i. 222. 20; B.C. 5. 19; D.G. iv. 11, 'to
travel ', esp. ' to go on foot hawking small wares ', forbad i mni[ i
dammad.
traveiljur> s.m., Commercial traveller*.
fcazvo, v., formed from taraw ; cf. taro and taraw, D. Fut. S. i .
trawa. PI. 2. traux. Imp. t^aun. Pret. S. 3. /rawoto, iravob. P. 3.
tremson. P\up./r0usun. Imperative /rawa,traux> Pret. Pass, trawyd,
trawud, ' to strike ' : mi drawis 9 mhen mo vo, * I knocked my
head against it ' ; mu:y o duru nag o drawo [taro] • may r veltan
wedi trawo r gbydan, ' the lightning has struck the tree ' ; mi t^awut
i n sa:l m szdyn, ' she was taken suddenly ill ' ; — mor lukkys bary ni
drawo /, * how lucky we were to hit upon it ! ' ; trawo ar (ud), ' to
meet (some one) '. Cf. taro.
trayl, s.f., pi. treilja, traul, D.; cf. trael, C.C.M. 41. 13. (i)
*wear', e.g. of furniture, etc. (2) 'the place where the friction
occurs in the turning of a wheel, etc. ' : doro dippin o o:yl i r trftlja,
mi vy:8 9n haus i droi (J.J.). (3) ' expense ' (seldom used) : be vy&
9 dra:yl?
trayn, s.m., pi. treinja, ' drain ' : tori tre'inja.
tra:y&, s.m., pi. treyQa, traeth, D., ' an expanse of sand on the
sea-shore ' ; tra:y& lavan, * the La van sands ' ; trayQ gwy:ltt ' quick-
sand ' ; tra:yB awyr \awyr\.
ire:, s.f., pi. trevy^ tref, D., 'town'. In place-names IreborQ,
' Treborth ' ; tregarQ, ' Tregarth '.
treigil ; trigil (Bano^or), s.m., treigl, D. (i) 'traffic, passing to
and fro ' : ma na drei&il maur ar 9 ford. (2) ' right of way ' : os na
dreigil pobol i vynd drosob ? (3) ' track ' (of an animal) : trei&il
gwm'yan, sgwarnog. (4) ' track, way ', indicating a general direction
though not marked out : 0:8 o y gubod 9 treigil.
treiglan ; triyglan (O.H.), s.f., ' as much hay as can be con-
veniently taken out of a stack and carried away in the arms or bound
on the shoulders ' — about 56 Ibs.
treiglo, treigljo; sometimes triyglo (O.H.), v., treiglo, D. (i) ' to
rolf', e. g. of stones ; tf.pendjo ; — dy:n 9n treiglo dros 9 dibin ; — du:r
9n treiglo dros 9 graig\ — may du:r 9m pyro i hy:n u6 dreiglo. (2)
' to roll with the legs in the air ' (of animals) = dreylo, 9mdreiglo.
542
treiljad — trenf'ur
(3) ' t° pass up and down ', Fr. ' circular ' : ma na hod treiglo garu
n 9 van ma.
treiljad, s.m., treuliad, O.P., 'digestion': difig treiljad, 'indigestion'
= -kam'dreiljad.
treiljo, v., treulio, D.; cf. treilio, W.LI. Ixxv. 41. (i) ' to wear
away ' (seldom used = gwisgo). (2) ' to spend ' (of time) : mi
dreilis v o:ys m 9dt:'vy:d9 ' I have spent my life unprofitably '. (3)
' to digest ' : haus i dreiljo, ' easier to digest '.
IreilaQ, s.f., traethell, D., ' sand-bank ', esp. 9 dreiJaO, ' Dutchman
Bank ' : may r dr'e'ilaQ zn du:ad i r golug — may hi n hannar trai>
1 Dutchman Bank is coming into sight, — the tide is at half ebb '!
treinjo, v., 'to drain '. Cf. trayn.
treipan, s., ' tripe '; — used also as term of reproach : r hem dreipan !
treif'o; irinf'o (O.H.), v., treisio, D., 'to use violence against',
e. g. mynd a pe:6 0:8 ar 8y:n ar i weyBa ; — esp. with regard to
women ; cf. D., s.v. ' stupro '.
treif'ur, s.m., treisiwr, D., s.v. 'oppressor'; 'one who uses
violence '.
tre:x, adj., tr6ch, D. (comp. of Mid. Welsh ' tren '), ' stronger,
having the upper hand ' : tre:x du:y wra:x nag y:n (prov.), ' two ol
women are stronger than one ', i.e. ' two heads are better than one '
tre:\ givla:d nag argluyb (prov.) = nearly ' vox populi vox Dei '
ma: r Kefyl dn dre:\ arno, ' the horse has the upper hand of him '
y:n 3n faro n dre:\ ar 9 lal, ' one getting the best of it over the other
with his blows '. Sup. trexa : — tre\a treif'ad, gwanna gweyftad,
'trechaf treisied, gwannaf gwaedded' (prov.), 'the weakest go to
the wall '.
trexy, v., trechu, O.P., ' to get the best of ' : / %yM o
' which of you got the best of it ? ' ; may o wedi drexy 0, ' he has got
the better of him ' ; may nu n trexy ar baub am vreByn, ' they excel
every one as regards cloth ' ; rhoid rubaQ ar 3 ti:r i drexy r
' to put something on the ground to keep down the weeds '.
tremjo, v., tremio, D., s.v. 'contueor', 'intueor ' ; ' to look intently ' :
tremjo ar ru:in. — Seldom used.
tre:n, s.m.f., pi. tre:ns, ' train ' : 9 tre:n, ' the train ' ; du:ad hevo r
tre:n, ' to come by train ' ; 9 tre:n rha:d> ' the excursion train ' ; day
dre:n, ' two trains ' (du:y dre:n J. J.) — but may hi n du:ad, ' it (the
train) is coming ' ; 9 tre:n dri:, ' the three o'clock train '.
trennyd, trdnnyft, adv. and s., trennydd, D., ' the day after to-
morrow ' ; vory a Qrennyb, ' to-morrow and the day after ' ; — fre-
quently drennyb when used adverbially.
trenf'ur) trinf'ur, s., treinsiwr (?), D.G. cxlvi. 44 ; traensiwr, I.G.
315. 16 ; trensiwre (pi.), T.N. 307. 31. (i) 'a wooden plate to
lp': 543
hold butter ghag i vi:n 9 tukka i &i'/fy vo i furb '. (2) ' a wooden
plate for eating on ' : may gmo vo laun digon ar i drtnf'ur, ' be has
enough to do to look after his own affa
%eyy> v-» trengi, D., ' to be in extremis '.
t£e:s, s.f., pi. iresi, tr£s, D. (i) ' trace (of a harness) ' : tpsiblayn,
tpsi Kevn ; cf. Kevndras, tindras, tordras \-troi m 9 tpsi a xwara/on
buibig [duibig]. (2) ' a blow ' : mi ro: i drc:s i \i = slap, waldras.
tpsal, s.f., pi. tpselyb, ' dresser '.
tffsi, v., ' to cackle ' (of hens) — Igesi Kin de\ra doduy a kokjan
wedyn.
tgesmasy, v., trespasy, W.S. [Trespace], ' to trespass ' (O.H.).
tpfo, v., tresiaw, O.P. ; Eng. (Dial.) ' trash ' [' to thrash ' ; also
of rain ' to dash, beat, pour], Sc., ' to thrash, beat'1: dnuu 9n tpfo
r plant, dy:n m tref'o dy:n aral\ — of rain : may hi n tref'o burn, " it
is pouring with rain ' = stido, but tpf'o is the usual term.
tretjo, v., tretio, W.S. [Entreate], ' to treat ' : tretjo ru:in 9n to:,
tre:Q, s.f., pi. IreBi, treth, D., s.v. ' tributum ' ; « tax, rate ' : kodi
/reOi, ' to tax ' ; hsgy meun ty: sy y kodi r dre:B, ' sleeping in a house
is what makes it subject to rates ' ; hel 3 dre:6y ' to collect rates,
taxes ' ; dy:n 3 dre:Q, ' rate collector ' ; tre:Q tlodjon, ' poor rate '.
treBur, s.m., treth-wyr (pi.), Isaiah Ix, 17, 'rate collector, tax
gatherer '.
trevn, s.f., trefn, D. (i) £ order* : may hi n du:ad i drevn, * it is
getting into order ' ; kadu meun trevn, gneyd trevn ar, ' to keep in
order ' ; mi rieiB o drevn 'arnynu, ' he will set them to rights ' ; deyd
9 drevn, ( to scold ' ; deyd iippin o r drevn. (2) ' control ' : plant m
mynd alan o drevn i mham. (3) ' practice, method ' : he:n drevn
ovnaduy o:yb hunna, i. e. prikjo devaid.
trevnjad, s.m., pi. tgevnjada, trefnad, D., s.v. ' ordinatio ' ; 'arrange-
ment '.
trevny, v., trefnu, D., { to put in order, arrange '.
trevnys, adj., trefnus, D., ' orderly*.
treyan, s., traian, D., ' third ' : only as legal term : hntljo i Breyan,
1 to°claim her third ' (of a widow), W.H. = 9 dndyt. Cf. T.N. 22. 18,
ireyBur, s.m., traethwr, O.P., 'talker': treyBur da:, may o n
drey Bur Kelwyb fort or a.
trey By, v., traelhu, D., 'to harangue'; 'to tell, relate': treyBy
•an'wirad, gwirjonab ; vy:d o by& m treyBy i hanas i hy.'n.
tri:y s. and adj., fern, /air, tri, D., ' three ' ; tri: usually takes the
aspirate mutation where possible, as tri: \ant, ' three hundred ' ;
tri: By:, ' three houses ' (the radical is, however, sometimes heard,
544
tri:al—tri:n
e. g. tri: Kefyl, ' three horses ') ; otherwise the radical, as tri: mi:s,
'three months'; fair always takes the radical. The substantive
form followed by the prep, o is very often used, as tri: o dai, tri o
fan/on, tri: ar de:g o Sevaid (but tri: su:ll, tri: mi:s, tri: \ant, tri:
xwartar aur, tair mid, tair gwaiB, etc., always). Three days is
tridja, or tri: durnod, or tri: o fornodja. — he:n wraig m dair blu.yft
i gant oyd, ' an old woman 9 7 years old ' ; meun tair i bedwar
igjan, ' 7 7 (years old) ' ; pisin tair, ' threepenny bit ' ; su:lt a dair,
' one shilling and threepence ' ; duywaQ ne dair, ' two or three
times ' ; cf. teirgzvaiB.
tri:al, s.m., ' trial ' : dary mi dim ka:yl tri:al ar hyn, ' I have not
tried this ' ; Kin 9 tri:al, ' before the competition', e.g. at an eisteddfod;
— also ' trial in the law-courts '.
tribal [tnbati].
tridarn, adj., tridarn, c consisting of three pieces ' : kuppurS iridarn,
' cwpwrdd tridarn '.
tridja, s., tridiau, D., s.v. * triduum ' ; ' three days ' : tridja ne
bedwar, l three or four days ' ; 2 mhen tridja, ' in, after three days ' ;
blaud tteirx wedi sevyl am dridja, ' oatmeal which has stood for
three days '.
trifar, s., i.e. tri phar, ' three pair' : trifar o sanna \ — deybar, ' two
pair ' also occurs.
tri:f\triflie\.
trifiig, adj., triphlyg, D., s.v. ' tnplus J ; ' triple, threefold '. Cf.
eda, rhuyd.
trifliQ, adv., cf. blith draphlith, D., s.v. 'confuse' in the exp.
trifliB trafliB (also strifliB strafliQ, tri:ftrafli6, dri:f drafliQ, 'higgledy-
piggledy, topsy-turvy, at sixes and sevens' = pendramunug, -strim'-
stram'strelax.
trigarati, s.m., pi. trigarefta, trugaredd, D. ; cf. trigaredd, C.L.C.
i. 17. 24, 'mercy' : 0:8 m drigarab na labud m ono vo, 'it was
a mercy he was not killed '.
trigeinvad, adj., tri-ugeinfed, D., s.v. ' sexagesimus ' ; 'sixtieth'.
trigjan, s. and adj., tri-ugain, D., s.v. 'sexaginta'; trigain, D.F.
[79] 26; G.R. 91. 1 6, 'sixty': trigjan mbnaft.
trigo, v., trigo, D., 'to dwell', — not used in current speech; —
ktty trigo exists as a place-name at Llanfairfechan \j£tty\.
triliu, adj., trilliw, D.G. Ivii. 28, 'three-coloured': ka:6 driliu,
' tabby cat '.
trimjo, v., ' to trim ' : trimjo klobja, ' to trim hedges '.
trimor, s., trimor, C.C.M. 241. 6, ' three seas ' : Kin haltad a heli
trimor.
tri:n, v., trin, D. Fut. trinja. Imperf. trinjun. Pret. S. 3. trinjob.
PI. 3. trinson. Imperative trinja ; trinjux. (i) .' to prepare, make,
tpnjaB — triBrod 545
yn da:, ' he treated the question well ' ; t%i:n mater jon pobol eri^ * to
talk over other people's affairs'. (3) ' to deal with* (of persons):
dy:n anod i dri:n. (4) ' to treat ' (of a doctor). (5) * to punish, go
to law with, take action against ' : mi trinja i nu I (6) ' to scold ',
in the phrase 9n hel ag an trim. (Cf. &F. [72] 17.)
trinjaB, s.f., triniaeth, D., s.v. 'tractatio'. (i) ' act of managing,
dealing with ' : r o:& tp'njaB ovnaduy g*no vo, ' he was extremely
difficult to manage '. (2) ' treatment ' (e.g. medical) : o dan drinjaB
&in 9 doktor, mi ro:B 9 doktor drinjaB arber\og arno vo. (3) of
agriculture : may r ka.y wedi kayl trinjaB da: = i {nay njaun.
trinfur \trenf ur\.
triygar, adj., tringar, T.N. 257. 13, 'skilful with the fingers, e.g.
in doing delicate work '.
tri:o, v., treio, D., * to ebb ' : may n tn':o, < the tide is ebbing ' ;
cf. lenwi.
tri:o, v., treio, W.S. [Trye] ; D.F. [73] 21. Put. S. 3. iri:iB,tn:if.
Pret. iri:is. Imperative tn:a, tri:ux, ' to try ' : rhaid i mi dri:o
darvod m vy:an, ' I must try and get my work finished soon ' ;
tri:o bo:b for i axyb i verwyd, ' to try every means to save his life ' ;
tri:a d ora, ' try your best '.
iri:o$, s., trioedd, D., ' three '. Only after il as rni: i{ tri:ot,
1 we three '.
tri:og, s.m., triakyl, W.S.; triagl, D., * treacle'.
tripjo, v., trippio, W.S. [Tryppe] ; D., s.v. ' caespito ', ' labor ',
* titubo ' ; Psalm Ixxiii. 2, 'to trip '.—Often used of women ;
cf. slipjo.
trippin, s.m., ' dripping ' (fat).
tri:st, adj., trist, D., ' sad ' : edrax w dri:sf.
tristux, s.m., tristwch, D., ' sadness '.
tp'sult, s., triswllt, G.O. ii. 138. 30, ' three shillings' = tri: su:lt.
triBrod, s., trithroed, C.C.M. 69. 15, ' three feet ' : kodi ar idriBrod,
said of an animal which has been wounded in one of its feet and
stands up on the other three.
usa N n
546 triQrod— troi
triBrod, adj., trithroed, D., s.v. 'tripus'; 'three-footed, three-
legged ' : sto:l driQrod, ' three-legged stool '.
triBul, tritul, s., trithwll, i.e. 'three holes', name of a game of
marbles : \wara triQul, tritul (xwara iri: tul, O.H.).
triu, adj., Eng. true, ' faithful ' : may r Ki: n driu.
triwal, s.f., pi. triwals, trwel, W.S. [Trowell], ' trowel '.
tro:, s.m., pi. troia, troion, tro, D. (i) ' turn' (of motion round
a centre) : tro: krun, * a turning round' ; nets i 8tm ondrhoiriu dro:
krun 9no, ' I merely went there and returned ' ; }yn tro:, put tro:,
1 whirlpool ' ; fig. may lawar tro: wedi du:ad ar 9 by:d, * there have
been many changes in the world ' ; welob lawar tro: ar vy:d, ' he
saw many vicissitudes '. (2) ' turn, twist' : tro: 9y ghorn 3 vyux, ' a
twist in the cow's horn ' ; rhoi tro: n i gorn o, ' to wring its neck ' ;
• rh0ux bay dro: am danihi a \ulum wedyn, ' put the string twice round
and then tie a knot '. (3) c turn, walk ' : mynd am dro:, ' to go for
a walk ' ; — similarly : vtia i n mynd 9no ar 9 ^rho:, 1 1 go there
occasionally ' ; Kerbad bo:b tro:, ' to walk both ways '. (4) ' con-
version' (in religious sense): ka:yl tro:, 'to be converted'. (5) 'a
turning over, looking through ' : na: i roi tro: 'arnynu, ' I will look
through them '. (6) ' trick, turn ' : tro: sa:l, tro: gwa:yl, tro: fadin,
' a mean turn, a shabby trick ' ; cf. also atgas, fiemp, slemp ; — may
hi m buru ; he:n dro:/, 'it is raining — what a nuisance!'; trbion
fo:l—gwirjon, ' foolish tricks '. (7) of a period of time : may o n
edrax m wel er s tro:, ' he has been looking better for some time ' ;
le: -by:oxi er s tro:"?, ' where have you been all this time ? ' ; vy:om
i dim mo er s tro: by:d, ' I have not been there for a very long time ' ;
rubaQ am dro:°f something to last for a time, until something better
can be obtained ' ; 'vzbuxi vaur o dro: an mynd dno, ' you won't be
long going there '. (8) ' time ', Fr. ' fois ' : d tro: kmta, ' the first
time ' ; 9 tro: duySa, * last time ', ' the last time ' ; 9 tro: o r bla:yn,
1 last time '°; po:b tro: kana r glo:x r o:§ 9 Ki: sy kmarQ, ' every time
the bell rang the °dog used to bark ' ; 9 day dro: kynt, ' the two
previous times '; drown, droia, ' several times '; — cf. gwaiQ. (9)
in phrase neiB 9 tro:, * it will do '.
troi, v., troi, D. Fut. S. i. tro:a, 2. trot, 3. troiB, troif, try:S [try:~\.
PI. i. tr0un, traun^ 2. tr0ux, traux, 3. tr0un, traun. Imperf. S. i.
traun, traun, 2. tro:t, 3. tro: a. PI. i. tro:an, 2. tro:ax, 3. tro:an.
Pret. S. i. trois, 3. trb'iob, tro:§, tro:6. PI. 3. troison. Plup. troisun.
Imperative tro: ; tr0ux, traux. Pret. Pass. tr#ud, fraud, * to turn '.
I. Trans, (i) 'to turn round ' : troi r olwyn. (2) ' to stir ' :
troi te:,yud, ' to stir tea, porridge'. (3)° 'to turn into a different
position ' : r oybun i wedi bylta r u:y a i droi o i laur, ' I had eaten
the egg and turned it upside down ' ; mi dro:8 9 b0ulan a i gwynab
9n isa, 'he turned the basin upside down'; troi rubaB ty xwMig
alan, ' to turn something inside out ' ; troi r ga:6 9n 9 badal, ' to try
and get out of what one has said '. (4) ' to turn into a different
,
547
direction ' : /got 9 du:r at i velin i hy:n, ' to turn the water to one's
own mill ', ' to turn something to one's own advantage ' ; fig. /got r
stori, ' to change the subject '. (5) * to turn over ' (of earth, etc.),
' to plough ' : may r stefan bri:& m /got r Myar, * the mould-board
turns over the earth ' ; — /got r /t:r ; — /pn ka:y ; — may r ka:y wedi
droi i &i:d\ — abs. dtna fa 'by:onu n /got bora ma, ' that is where they
were ploughing this morning ' ; — fig. du i wedi /got n 9 mebul lawar
jaun o btBa, 1 1 have turned over in my mind a great many things '.
(6) 'to turn over' (e.g. the page of a book), — also fig. /got da/an
(do/an) newyb, ' to turn over a new leaf. (7) 'to upset ' : tgoiglas,
' to upset a glass '. (8) ' to sprain ' : /got r tgo.yd, ' to sprain the
ankle ' (= strc'ivjo). (9) ' to turn up ' (e. g. the nose) : Igoir tru:yn.
(10) 'to turn on, turn off' (of water, etc.). (n) with htityo, 'to
give up, lay aside, jilt ' : may hi wedi /got hunna htibjo ; — /got arjan
he'ibjo, ' to save up money '.
II. Intr. (12) 'to turn round* : mayrolwyn m /rot: — fig. /got
n i garn, troi n i gogurn, ' to try and get out of what one has said '.
(13) 'to seethe, be stirred up': du:r m dis&in i laur ag m /goi vel
troxjon, 'water falling and seething like soap-suds '. (i 4) ' to turn into
a different position ' : m /rot ag m /gosi, ' tossing about ', e. g. in
bed. (15) 'to twist, curl ' : may i gu>a:£/ i n /got n vodruya. (16)
' to turn into a different direction, to change ' : may r gwynt wedi
/rot, ' the wind has changed ' ; /goi i gajyn po:b awal o wynt, ' to
change with every breeze ' (said of a changeable person) ; /got vel
kuppan meun du:r, said of some one who changes suddenly his side
or opinion ; r oybun i n troi n v o:l pey glu:is i r daran, ' I was
turning back when I heard the thunder ' ; m troi i vmy i r wla:d,
' to turn up into the country ' (speaking of a road) ; trew\ i laur n
9 van ma, 'turn down here'. (17) 'to walk', ' to go a short
distance ' : da\i n troi i laur m o: hu:yr, ' you are going down (to
the town) rather late'; troi o gumpas, 'to loiter '. (18) 'to go
over', e. g. to a different religion or political creed : may o wedi troi
i r egluys ; — abs. da\i wedi troi, ' you have changed your creed ' (or
party). (19) 'to become, turn into', followed by adjectives or
nouns : may r d0wy§ wedi troi n vydyr jaun, ' the weather has
become very stormy ' ; may r bu.yd 9n troi n va:yB, ' the food turns
into nutriment ', e. g. after being chewed in the cud. (20) ' to
become sour', of milk, etc. (21) 'to go out of shape': may i
\e:k i wedi troi tippin ba:\. (22) ' to turn, slip off', of a load on the
back of an animal, etc. : tendja, maxgan i, ne mi dry :k 9 pun, 'mind,
my boy, or the load will slip off'. (23) ' to upset ' : mi dro:6 9 drol,
9 ku:x, * sospan, etc.
trb'iad, s.m., troad, D. ; troead, W.LI. xxxi. 70 ; troiad, G.O. ii.
104. 23, ' turning' : hmmux 9 troiad kmta i r xmrl, ' take the first
turning to the left ' j troiad 9 rho:d, ' solstice ', esp. ' the summer
solstice '.
trb'idjo, v.3 troedio, D., ' to tread, foot ' : y:n o r mermaid ivayk
N n 2
548 troidjog — troyd
harba droidjoti deyar, ' as pretty a young woman as ever walked ' ;
may o wedi Qroidjo hi ifur, ' he has taken himself off ' = may o wedi
fommyd 3 goys.
troidjog, adj., troediog, ' nimble on the feet ' : may o n drb'idjogjaun.
troili, v., troelli, O.P., ' to twist, spin ' : 9n troi ag m troili, ' turning
and twisting ' = dn troi ag m trosi.
troi'lfur, trqylur, s.m., troelliwr, ' nightjar ' (Caprimulgus europseus)
troxi, v., trochi, D.} ' to dip ' ; ' to bathe '.
troxjon, s.pl., trochion, O.P., ' soap-suds ' : troxjon golxi', — used
of seething water : du:r m disgin i laur ag m troi vel troxjon ; disgin
9n droxjon gwyn ; may r mo:r m droxjon gwyn.
troxva, s.f., trochfa, D., s.v. ' baptismus ' ; 'a dipping, ducking,
soaking ' : mi ga:B droxva n 9 gla:u.
trot, s.f., pi. trolja, troi, R., ' cart ' : rhoid z drol o vlayn 9 Kefyl,
' to°put the cart° before the horse '. See bra:n,fra:m, karvan, Key ad,
krab, lorp, ovargrzvanna, ti:n, trumbal, wasbus, etc.
troljad, s., pi. troleidja, trolaid, ' cart-load '.
troljur, s.m., troliwr, said of a horse : may o n droljur da:, huylys,
1 he° is a good, quiet shaft-horse '.
troppos, s.pl., tropos, W.S. [Droppes], ' drops such as fall through
a roof or down a chimney into a house '.
troppyn, droppyn, s.m., pi. tropja, dropja, droppyn, C.C. 18. 3,
220. 15; troppyn C.C. (ed. 1776) 26. 27, 'drop'.
tros \_dros\.
frosad, s.m., trosedd, D., ' delinquency ' : gneyd riu drosad.
frosi, v., trosi, D., ' diuertere ' ; only in the phr. m troi ag in trosi.
(i) ' turning and tossing ', e. g. of some one in a fever. (2) ' meddle
with, rummage amongst ' : m troi ag m trosi x ptQa & dim bysnas
mynd sno. (3) 'to loiter about ' = troi o gumpas a gneyd dim by:d\
— -paid a troi a Qrosi a x&lyn <*r dy waiO 9n we!.
trosob [drosoti].
trosol, s.m., pi. trosoljon, trosol, D., ' crowbar '.
trotjan, trotjo, v., trottian, D., ' to trot '. Cf. HBjo.
tr0usys, s.m., pi. tr0usysa, ' a pair of trousers ' : trausys lays,
' long trousers ' ; tr0usys kutta, ' short trousers, knickerbockers '.
tro:yd, s.m., pi. trayd, troed, D., c foot '. (i) of human beings or
animals : ar vleyna 3 tra.yd, ' on tip-toe ' ; Kevn 9 tro:yd, ' instep ' ;
tra:yd klapja, ' club feet ' ; troyd flat wadan, ' flat foot ' ; trayd
blayn, ' fore feet ' ; trayd o:l, ' hind feet ' ; may ho:(y)l ax troyd
an 9 ba:u, ' you have left a foot-mark in the mud ' ; troi, streivjo r
t%o:yd — troydnb'yB 549
troyd, * to sprain one's foot, ankle ' ; g9ry i droyd o i le:, ' to
dislocate the foot ' ; kodi ar i drayd, ' to stand up ' ; r oy&un
i am 8uy noson ar 9 nghayd, ' I was up for two nights ' ; may
0 n sevy^ i bedwar tgoyd at i filib, said of a very thin animal ;
hoyjan ar i drayd, 'to stagger along'; kofi i drayd, 'to trip,
stumble ' ; koft i Brayd, fig., used of women = slipjo, tripjo; rhgny
rtgayd, ( to scrape the feet ' ; may o ny:nfoyk (heim) ar i droyd,
1 he is nimble on his feet ' ; tgoyd gora 9 mleyna, * best foot fore-
most ; look sharp 1 ' ; may o wtdi mynd nerQ i drayd, ' he has gone
as fast as his legs could carry him ' ; wybun i Mm puy bi:a nrhayd
t\ ' (I was so tired that) I did not know whom my feet belonged to ' ;
/ 9di mhen 9n sbarjo dim ar 9 nghayd, ' my head does not spare my
feet ', i. e. ' I keep forgetting things and having to go for them ' ;
may nu n aros ar i trayd hevo vo, * they are sitting up with him '
(implying that he is severely ill) ; &id a gavob o i drayd dano, ' as
soon as he felt his feet ' (fig.) ; 9 tgayd ba:\ yy g?ry r trayd maur
i redag (gerbad), said of the trouble caused by small children to
grown-up people ; may o oy:n igoyd i r fa^ said of a fidgety child ;
/ 9di o byQ m rhoid i droyd m 9 davarn, ' he never sets foot in a
public-house ' ; also gneyd troyd i davarn ; — rhffu\ 9\ troydarno vo
(fig.), ' let bygones be bygones ' ; mynd dan drayd, • to be crushed
under foot ' ; bydyr, esmuyQ, sy:\ dan droyd (drayd), ' dirty, soft,
dry under foot ' ; may po:b pe:B m mynd m drayd mo:x, ' everything
is going to rack and ruin ' ; g9ry nu n drayd mo:\, ' to bring them
to rack and ruin ' ; may o n sgwenny vel trayd brain, ' he scrawls
like a spider'. (2) in various transferred senses : (a) ' foot, leg of
a table, chair, etc.* (b) ' handle ' : troyd forx, kaib, murBul, rak,
rhy:s, wy:att, etc. ; cf. ko.ys. (c) * foot of mountains, rocks, etc.' :
may r graig 9n tavly dros i Broyd, ' the rock projects, overhangs '.
(d) of buildings, etc. : may r ty: ar i drayd byB, * the house is still
standing ' ; du i y kovjo hun ar i drayd, ' I remember when this
(ruin) was standing '. (e) of corn, hay, etc. : gwair sy wedi gwywo
ar i droyd. (f) in slate quarries, ' foot-joint ' — a kind of natural,
more or less perpendicular cleavage in the slate running at right
angles to the Xnm (joint) ; troyd gwaslad, ' a vertical foot-joint with
spar running across it at right angles ' ; troyd gla:s, 'a sparry foot-
joint where the spar is almost invisible and consists simply of a line ' ;
trayd gleif'on leikjon, ' sparry foot-joints which can be loosened
without blasting ' ; troyd krub, much the same as tgoyd gla:s, but
very much out of the perpendicular and very irregular.
troydfyst, trodfyst, trodfyst, s.m., troetfust, W.S. [The hand staffe],
' the handle of a flail '.
trbydnb'yQ, troydnoB, trodnoB, trodnoB, adj., troednoeth, D., ' bare-
footed ' : mynd 9y goysnoB droydnd'B, ' to walk with one's shoes and
stockings off'; lob-sgaus trodnoB, Mobscouse or Yorkshire stew
without meat in it '.
550
troydsyx — trum
troydsyx, trodsyx, trodsyx, adj., troedsych, I.G. 230 [58], 'dry-
shod '.
troydvaft, trodvab, trodvaS, s.f., pi. trodveSi, troedfedd, D., « foot '
(measure) : fair la:B a Qrodvab, ' ten feet '.
troyl, s.f., troell, D., ' spinning-wheel ' : tro.yl ba:x for spinning
flax or hemp ; troyl vaur for spinning wool. See gwerQyd, kogal,
xwarwan, fanal.
troylan, s.f., troellen, O.P., only in the exp. troylan 3 koryn, ' the
centre of the crown of the head '.
trbylog, adj., troellog, R., ' curling ' (of the hair), O.H.
tru, /rut, call to cows \J>tru:\.
tru:ad, adv., trwodd, drwodd, D., s.v. 'perfodio'; drwad, R.B.
36. 4, ' through ' : wedi gbxy tru:ab, ' wet through ' ; gwisgo n dul
tru:ab, ' to wear through into a hole ' ; fig. tori tru:a§, ' to break
the ice ', esp. of the first occasion of praying in public or preaching.
rblo, v., trwblio, Gruffydd Hiraethog in G.R. [363]. 7 ; trwblo,
52.16. (i) * to trouble, disturb '. (2) ' to haunt ' (of ghosts) :
may zsbryd zn trublo mo, ' that place is haunted '.
trublys, tnblys, adj., trwblys, W.S. [Troublouse] ; C.L.C. ii. n. 9,
' troubled '.
trubul, s.m., trwbl, W.LI, xviii. 24; trwbwl, W.S., ' trouble':
trubul ar gevn trubul, ' one trouble after another '.
truinjo, v., trwyno, D., 'nasum admouere'. (i) f to begin to
appear above the ground ' (of plants). (2) ' to put in an appearance ' :
§ary o byQ druinjo smma wedyn.
tru:x, s.m., trwch, O.P., ' thickness ' \ ty a modvab o dru:x, ' about
an inch thick ' ; tru:x 9 wal, l thickness of the wall ' ; r 0:8 na dru:\
hyn o va:u arno vo, ' there was that thickness of mud on it ' ; dma
vo: i dru:x 9 bleuyn, ' that's it to a hair's breadth ' ; tru:x asgal
kakkun, ' a hair's breadth '.
truxys, adj., trwchus, ' thick ' : may r eira n druxys (= te:u\ ' the
snow is deep ' ; m druxys yux 'ben, ' thick overhead ' ; — awyr druxys.
trulan, s.f., Eng. trull, ' a fat woman '.
trulyn, s.m., trwlyn, O.P., ' a fat man '.
trum, adj., fern, from, pi. tr?m/on, comp. tnmmax, trwm, D.,
' heavy ' : may r dilad ma n rhy: drum, ' these clothes are too heavy,
too hot ' ; glaujo n drum, ' to rain heavily ' (= aru) ; kavodyb trsmjon,
' heavy showers ' ; m'ultrum, ' heavy mist ' ; ga:lt drom, l a steep hill';
oxenad drom, ' deep sigh '; kyro n drum, '10° knock hard'; byux
drom o lo:, ' cow in calf ' (shortly before bearing) ; deynau o buysa
trum, « fully eighteen pounds ' ; gaval in drum mo vo, ' to take a
strong hold of him ' (fig.) ; klu:ad m drum, ' to be hard of hearing '.
trumbal — truy 551
trumbal, s., trwmbel, W.LI. (Voc.), s.v. ' llwyfan men ' ; Eng.
tumbrel, * body of a cart '.
trunsyr, adj., trwynsur, D., s.v. ' torvus '; ' sour ' (of persons).
ifPt s-i ' a fall of snow off a roof ' : trvp o i'ira n disgin o r to:
(Bangor).
tgusgul, adj., trwsgl, D., * clumsy in one's actions, bungling '.
t£u:st, s.m., trwst, D., « hubbub, noise ' : tru:st a Quru maur ; —
muya trv:st{fs/rigwtig/on(prov.)t 'empty pitchers make most noise'.
/rustan, adj., trwstan, D., ' clumsy ' : trustan bo:b amsar o:& davyb
9 gwa:s, said to one who has done something clumsy, — said to be
the refrain of an old song.
iruf'adys, adj., trwsiadus, D., ' spruce, nicely dressed '.
trufo, v., trwsio, W.S. ; D., ' to mend ' : trufo s&idja, etc. ;
truf'o karag, ' to trim a stone to make it fit its place in a wall ' ;
gPo ka:n, ' to touch up a song ' ; truf'o bn'u, ' to heal a wound '.
end/o = ' to recover after an illness '. ]
truvul, s.m., pi. tgrvla, tryfwl, D., s.v. ' lithologema ' : truvul o
gerig, ' a (large) heap of stones '. Cf. karna&> kokkyn, pentur, ru:g,
sup, tokkyn, tomman, tumpaB.
truy, tru:, tru, prep., trwy, D. With pronouns S. i. truyba (i),
2. 'truybat(i), 3. truybo (vo), t£ufoi(hi). PL i. •truydon(i), 2. '/puytoxjf),
•truy§on(u] — vocalic mutation — ' through ' : edra\ tru: r gwry:\,
' to look through the hedge ' ; may r gwynt m mynd tru r tofa, l the
wind goes through the holes ' ; mynd tru: r dru:s, ' to go in at the
door ' ; mynd vel fofaO bo:yQ truy venyn, ' to go like a hot knife
through butter ' ; tru: r po:st, ' by post ' ; may r pysgod ?y gwey tru
i &ilib, ' the fish are swimming to and fro among one another ' ;
may hi n farad tru i hy:n, ' she talks in her sleep ' ; ma: nu wedi
du:ad t%u: r gla.'u, ' they have come in the rain, they have been out
in the rain ' ; du i wedi mynd truybo duywaO, ' I have been through
it twice ' (e. g. a book) ; tru: y giliS may r gwaiB yy ka:l i neyd,
' the work gets done between us ' ; truy de:g na hagar, ' neither by
fair means nor foul ' ; du i wedi kayl annuyd tru 9 loda i gi:dt ' I
have caught cold in every limb ' ; nts om i n tummo truba, ' till I
was warm all over ' ; loy wedi agor truifti, ' a ship which has split
in two ' ; dy:n truybo, * a thorough man ' ; kry: truybo, ' thoroughly
strong ' ; truybo dra:u, iruybo drosod, ' through and through '. — Of
time : ma: m bravjax ru:an na byo hi tru: r dy:&, * it is finer now than
it has been all day ' ; o hy:d tru: r dy:b, ' all through the day '
( = ar hy:d 9 dy:8) ; tru: r no:s, * all night ' ; truy gid a r no:s, ' all
the evening ' ; tru: r denvyb oyr ma, ' as long as this cold weather
lasts '. — As conjunction, (i) for ' tra ', ' while ' : tru: byo vo Mima,
' while he was here ' ; truy 'b9%a\i 9no, ' while you were there '.
(2) ' because, as ' : tru mo:d /...,' because I am (was) . . .' ; dary
552 truyadl — trsbeilig
mi m o i Bmny hi objam dana tru vy:om i mo dim an hi:r, ' I did not
take it off as I was not there long '.
truyadl, adj., trwyadl, D., ' thorough ' : sat's truyadl, ' a thorough
Englishman ' ; sgwenny n druyadl, ' to write in full ' ; daxi n dy:st
i r Siharab i bo:t i n wi:r ? du i n dy:st truyadl, ' can you vouch
for the truth of the proverb ? ' ' Yes, thoroughly '.
truyn, s.m., pi. truyna, trwyn, D. (i) ' nose': blayn 3 truyn,
tip of the nose ' ; bo:n 9 truyn, Kevn d truyn, ' bridge of the nose ' ;
Keiljog, said of a red nose ; s?%y r truyn, ' to wipe the nose ' ;
sbi:a y guderbyn a d? druyn, ' look straight in front of your nose ' ;
troi r truyn, ' to turn up the nose ' ; / ddi ne:b m troi m o i Bruyn
hi, ' no° one comes near her ', ' no one comes to see her ' ; grieyd
truyn sy:r arno vo, l to make a sour face at him ' ; grieyd truyn ar
tvuyd, 'to turn up one's nose at food'; ka:yl gair (= weip) ar
draus i dru.yn, 'to get a well-deserved reproof. (2) 'snout'
of a pig, etc. (3) in various transferred senses, e.g. 'a pro-
montory': truyn penmon, 'the Penmon promontory' (in Angle-
sey) ; truyn 9 vyux> l Little Orme's Head ' ; truyn mwyb, ' a
projecting piece of mountain ' ; — truyn ku:\, ' the nose of a boat ' ;
— truyn esgid, ' the toe of a boot ' ; truyn hi:r, ' pointed toe '
(of a boot) ; — truyn v? nain, a kind of shell (Trochus zizyphinus).
truyd, s., trwyth, D., ' decoction ' : may r te: y gry: vel truyB
party, ' the tea is as black as soot and water ' ; — truyB gwair ; —
truyd haib, in malting.
lry:an, adj., truan, D., ' wretched, miserable ' : try:an (dry:an) o
hono !, trj:an (dry:an) ba:\ !, ' poor fellow ! ', ' poor wretch ! '
tryeni, trieni, s.m., trueni, D., s.v. ' miseria ' ; ' misery ' ; — 9 tryeni,
euphemism for ' hell '.
tiyenys, trienys, adj., truenus, P.G.G. 102. 17, 'miserable, sad,
forlorn '.
try.-B, s., truth, D., ' adulatio ' ; cf. D.G. ccxxiv. 5 : deyd i
dry:6, ' to say what one has to say ', ' to unburden one's mind ' ; —
may o n hi:r jaun i fteyd i dry:B ; — r u:ti n hi:r jaun 3n mynd truy
da dry:B ; — un i dt'm be di dry:B o.
trtiab, tribal, tnbar, tribar, s.f., trebedd, W.S. [Treuet] ; trybedd
[A brandiron] ; trybedd, D., ' tripod ', e. g. for keeping a griddle
from the fire, or to hold the pot when melting pitch for marking
sheep. — trdbab (also traban, twbar) zsguyft, ' collar-bone '.
tnbeilig, adj., cf. trybelydr, D., ' promptus, dexter, expedites',
Antiqui Trybelid ; — trybelid ei chwedl, D., s.v. ' eloquens ' ; — yn
wychyr trebelit, R.B. 135. 7; W.B. col. 497. 17; a cherdet yn
— -irnriQ 553
uchelualch drybelit, R.B. 247. 19, « excessive ' (I.W.) : mynd m
drrie'ih'g, ' to run very fast '.
tpbVyty, v., trybaeddu, D., ' to daub ' : may o n tpbtyty i hynan.
*pb*nt> s-m., ' trouble, hard circumstances ' : meun tpbini ; wedi
S9r6jo i riu dnbini ; g9ry pobol i dnbini.
tpbola s., trybola, R. [wallowing mire; a place where hogs
wallow] ; G.O. i. 67. 16 '.—may i tyad o n drriola o va:u, 'his
clothes are a mass of dirt '.
> adj., no fern., trydydd, D., ' third ' : 9 tpdy* dy& ; — 9 drtdyb
waiB by& ko.yl, lit. ' from the third time an omen can be drawn ',
i. e. ' the third time is lucky ' ; 9 drsdyb, ' the third (part) '.
tnk, s.m., ' truck '.
trtkjad, s.m., ' truck-load '.
tr>xvil, s., term of reproach : £• hem dnxvil 'ayhmnas / ; tnxyil fy(.
tnla, s.pl., tryleu, D. — Yn drylau, ' Acerui, fasciculi ', — m dr9la,
1 in crowds ' (?) : may r plant m drsla 9n xwara (O.H.).
trsmbab, s., trymedd, in the exp. Kevn tnmbab (no:s), ' the dead of
night ' : r o:d hi wedi mynd yy gevn tnmbab (no:s). Sometimes
also tnmpat (Bangor).
tnmdar, s., trymder, D., in the exp. m nrhmdar 9 no:s, ' at dead
of night '.
trim-hay, v., trymhau, D., ' to grow heavy ' ; also fig. ' to become
down-hearted '.
inmtyd, adj., trymllyd, P.G.G. 95. 18, 'sultry, close, oppressive ':
may hi n drsmjyd odt vjaun, ' it is close indoors '.
trammab, adj., trymaidd, O.P., ' sultry, close, oppressive ' : may
hi n drwimad o vlayn 3 gla:u = gwigil, mul.
, tramp, adj., Eng. trump, * loyal, true ' : ?n dnmp t'&ilib = 9m byxr
I /r&Y; — also as subst. in the sense of one who will not " split ".
trasor, s.m., pi. tnsora, trysor, D., ' treasure '.
/m/, s.m., ' trust, confidence ' : / 0:8 /in i bim tnst 9no vo ; — ar
drast, ' on trust, on credit ' = ar go:yl, ar lab.
trzstjo, v., trysto, C.C. 12. 26; trustio, T.N. 470. 31, 'to trust':
r 0:8 o n trsstjo gormod ar i enu, ' he relied too much on his reputa-
tion ' ; tnstjo mo vo, l to trust in him '.
trwar, s.m., tryfer, D., 'a kind of trident used by poachers for
catching fish ' : trruar, genwar a gun ne'if u:r hvoyOog 9n u:r fum
(prov.).
tnvastod, s., ' low conversation ' : paid a farad tr^rvastod —farad
bydyr, isal (O.H., from whom I have heard the word several times).
trwriQ, adj., tryfrith, D., ' Variegatus, ex omni parte maculosus,
notis maculisque totus respersus ' — may r tyn m drruriB o b9sgod,
554 tfakkad — tulk
may r p3sgod m drwriQ m 9 Jyn, ' the lake is swarming with fish ; —
•r b'ybanu mo n drwrid ; — m drsvriQ o lay, o \warn.
tfakkad, tfekkad, s.f., pi. tfaKedi, tfeKedi, siecced, D.G. cxc. 29;
D., s.v. ' versipellis ', ' jacket ' : tfekkad 3 mh'riyS, ' mullein ' (Ver-
bascum Thapsus).
tfans, s., ' chance ' : y:n tfans o vi:l, ' one chance in a thousand '.
Cf. fauns.
tfap, s.m.f., Eng. chap, ' rogue ' : r hem dgap ! = r he:n wal\ /,
t the old rogue 1 ' ; he:n dgap 3di 0, ' he is a bad fellow '.
tfar, dgar, s.f., pi. tfarja, dgarja, 'jar'.
tfarf, s.m., ' a big, burly fellow ' : he:n dgarf! — dgarf appears
also to be used.
tfarfj°> v-> ' to swagger along ' (I.W.).
t/arjad, s., ' jarful '.
tfa:yn, s.f., pi. tfeinja, t/eim, ' chain ' : 9 dga:yn, ' the chain '.
tfeni, adj., Eng. (Dial.) cheeny, chainy, etc., ( china ' : lestri tfeni,
' china ' ; karag f/em', ' white clay ' ; bgad tfeni, ' glass eye ' ; to:
tfeni [to:].
tferk, s., 'shark '(O.K.).
t/e:t, s.f., Eng. (Dial.) cheat, ' a false shirt-front', " dicky ".
tfirins, tferins, s.pl., sing, tferan, f., ( cherries '.
tfo:k, s.m., ' chalk '.
tfo:k, s., Eng. joke, ' nonsense ' : nu tfo:k o farad (Llanfairfechan).
tfokjo, v., 'to talk nonsense ': tfokjo farad (Llanfairfechan).
tu, interj. = tut.
/«.-, s.m., twf, D., ' growth ' : tu: blu:y§, ' a year's growth ', e. g. of
a hedge ; — tu: maur 3m mho:b man.
tu:al \t0wai\.
tuarxan \tur\\.
tub, s.m., twb, T.N. 83. 18, ' tub ' : tub golxi.
tukka, s.m., pi. tuK'eiod, twcca, D., ' a large knife ' : tukka buifar,
( a butcher's knife for killing ' ; tukka bara, ' bread knife ' ; tukka
kam, ' a small instrument with a wooden handle and a curved blade
for smoothing the sole of a clog after it has been hollowed out with
a k0udgan (O.H.) ; ar 3 nhukka, an asseveration : ar 3 nhukka wydun
i dim.
tuxy, v., tewychu, D. (i) * to thicken ', e. g. of milk when churned.
(2) ' to grow fat '.
* adj., tewychus, ' thick ' ; ' congealed ' ; ' close together '.
tulk, s., ' toss ' : may r taru wedi rhoi tulk idi hi.
555
tulk, s., twlc, D., ' hovel ' : only in the exp. tub na By: na Bulk,
1 without shelter '.
tulkjo, v., ' to toss ' (not the same as lolkjo).
tulkjog, adj., ' given to tossing ' : taru tulkjog.
tul, s.m., pi. fyfa twll, D., ' hole ' (in all senses) : bty tuL ' to bore
a hole ', e. g. for blasting ; tori tu^ ' to make a hole ', e.g. in clothes,
or for a nail (o vla:yn hoy Ian) '; taro tu^ ' to bore a hole for blasting ',
9 tu£ agan, ' to blast a piece of rock by firing the boring made ' ;
ar o:l i r tu^ vynd agan, ' after the blasting ' ; tu[ ar i bcnt ' a hole
made by striking perpendicularly from above ' ; Ju( Ian la:u, ' a hole
made horizontally close to the ground ' ; /«/ dros 9sguyb, * a hori-
zontal hole made by striking on a level with the shoulder '.
tulni, s., tywyllni, D., s.v. ' tenebrae ' ; ' darkness ' (in metaphorical
sense) : ma na riu dulni mo vo, ' he is slow in understanding'.
tulux, s.m., tywyllwch, D., ' darkness, obscurity '.
tofyi v-> ty wyllu, D., ' to become dark ' ; may hi n de\ra tuty.
turn, ' Tom '.
tumfat,s.m., twnffet, I.G. 422. 17; W.S. [Fonnelll (i)'funner.
(2) ' bed-quilt ' (I.W.).
tumjad, s.m., twymniad, O.P., l a heating, warming ' : %hoi tumjad
280 vo.
) v., twymno, D., ' to heat, warm ' ; * to become heated or
warmed ' ; * to get enraged ' : levriQ wedi tummo, ' hot milk ' ; tary
ni roid o ar ta:n i dummo, ' we put it on the fire to warm ' ; vy:by:n
m tummo uB vynd i vmy r a:tt, ' one gets warm going up the hill ' ;
nes o:n i n tummo fruyda, ' till I was warm all over ' ; may r gwair
wedi tummo, ' the hay has become heated (in the stack) '.
tumpaQ, s.m., pi. tumpaBa^ twmpath, D., * a little round hillock or
heap ' : tumpaB mar grig (o vargrig), ' ant-hill ' ; tumpaQ o va.-u,
bri:§, etc., ' a heap of dirt, soil, etc.' ; tumpaQ e't'Bin, ' a round
stunted bush of gorse ' ; also ' gorse-bush ' in general.
tunny, v., tywynnu, D., ' to shine ' : may % hayl m tunny m braro,
' the sun is shining brightly ' ; r o.yd hi m buru ag m tunny hayl ar
ynwaO, ' there was rain and sunshine at the same time '.
tu:od \i0wod\.
far, s., twrr, D., ' crowd ' : tur o bobol (seldom used).
tu:rt s.m., pi. ttra, twr, D., ' tower ' : may hi n du.r babel no:y&,
556
turKi — tu:ys
1 it is a regular tower of Babel ' (said e. g. of a noisy gathering) ;
tu:r teudus(t), O.H., y twrr tewdws, D., s.v. ' vergiliae ' ; cf. B.C.
85. 2 7, ' the Pleiades ' ; tu:r markwis, ' the Anglesey column '.
turKi, s.m., pi. turKis, ' turkey '.
turkjo ; tsrkjo (Bangor), v., 'to butt, to gore '. Cf. tolkjo.
turx, s.m., pi. tarxod, twrch, D., ' porcus '. Only in turx deyar,
' mole '.
turx, t0wyrx, tu:yrx, tu:arx, hrxjon, s.pl., sing, terwarxan, tuarxan,
torxan, ty warch, D., ' sods ' : tu:arx gleif'on i gay r gri:b (in
thatching) ; may r gwair wedi luydo n y:n duarxan, ' the hay has
become mouldy and caked together '.
turna, s.m., pi. turneiod, turrieiad, twrnai, W.LI. xiii. 8 1 ; twrneiod,
B.C. 62. 19; Eng. attorney; 'lawyer*.
turn, s.m., twrf, D. ; twrw, B.C. in. 13, 'noise' : kadu turu, 'to
make a noise ' ; mu:y o duru nag o daro [taro] ; grieyd rubaB heb na
Buru ba:x na Guru maur, ' to do a thing quietly and amicably '.
tusan, s.f., pi. tusenna, tywysen, D., 'ear of corn '. Cf. toys.
lusy, v., tywyso, D., ' to lead ' : tusy Kefyl, l to lead a horse ' ; tusy
moxyn, ' to drive a pig ' (with a halter round the neck) ; / o:s na Busy
na 6agy arno vo, ' one can do nothing with him either by fair means
or foul '.
tut, adj., comp. tutjax, twt, T.N. 99. 29; 330. 23. (i) 'tidy,
neat '. (2) ' well off ' : dy:n tut = dy:n taklys.
tut, interj., twtt, D., twt, s.v. 'aha', 'tut!'; 'why!': tut loll,
' nonsense ! '
tutjo, v., twtio, ' to tidy '.
tutf, s.m., cf. twyts, W.S. [Touche], ' touch ' : mige:s inna dutfo r
klevyd, ' I got a touch of the sickness too ' ; / 0:8 o n dutftrum, ' it was
not a severe attack ' ; may dippin o dutfarno vo, ' it is slightly burnt '.
tutf, s., cf. Eng. (Dial.) touch [A loop of cord put round a horse's
tongue or lip : a ' twitch '], N.I., ' an instrument to make a horse
open its mouth so as to administer medicine ' (O.H.).
tut/ad, tut/o, v., cf. twytsio, W.S. [Touche] ; Gruffydd Hiraethog
in G.R. [366]. i ; twtshio, C.C. 70. 10, 'to touch' : dary mi m o i
dutfo vo, 'I did not touch it '; peidjux a tutfaddno (= arno) vo,
' do not touch it '. Cf. hfur.
tuyl, s.m., twyll, D., ' deceit '.
tuylo, v., twyllo, D., ' to deceive ' ; ' to seduce ' (a woman).
tuylur, s.m., twyllwr, D., s.v. 'deceptor'; 'deceiver': tuylur dy:,
1 ink-fish ', — term applied to squids and cuttle-fish.
tuymyn, adj., twymn, D., ' hot ', only in the saying ni: saif eira
mi:s vwurQ mu:y na menyn ar duymyn dorQ.
tuys} s.pl., tywys, D., ' ears of corn ' (in the aggregate). Cf. tusan.
/y.-— (ysu 557
ty:, s.m., pi. tat, t£, D., ' house ' : /y: to: gwe:\tt ' a thatched house '
ty: jaur a (oft, * a cottage consisting of one room in each story '
ty: four afambar, ' a cottage consisting of two rooms on one floor *
ty: n sevyl ar i libart i hy:n, l a detached house ' ; %he:s, tfufad o dai
' a row of houses ' ; %hiu he:ngutba:\ o he:n dy:, l a wretched hovel '
hoylad o dy:, * a straggling house ' ; ty: /avarn, ' public-house ' ; ty
layO, ' dairy ' ; ty: ba:x, ' privy ' ; xwara ty: barx, ' to play at houses '
(9) ty: nesa, ' next door ' ; tgim ty: ' to keep house ' ; modal o dy:,
' to move ' ; du i n disgul hi i r ty:, * I am expecting her home '.
ty:, s.m., tu, D., ' side ' : troi rubaQ ty xw*6t'g afant ' to turn
something inside out ' ; troi rubaB ty dcQa a(an, ' to turn something
right side out ' ; 9 ty: o:& i laur a(an, f the side that was beneath
outwards ' ; %haid i mi droi 9 ty: mim atto vo, ' I must show him my
sharp side ' ; dewis 9 ty: kletta i r klaub, * to choose the sheltered
side of the wall ' ; ty huynt (i), ty dra:u (;'), ' beyond ' ; ty n 0.7,
' behind ' ; may o ty n o:l i x*, * it is behind you '. Followed by
conjunction a(g), *tu a* (but 'tuag at'), D., s.v. 'versus', now
generally written * tua ', ' tuag ' ; ' towards, about ' : ty a dolig,
' about Christmas ' ; — 1y a hannar dy:& ; — ty a xw*:x ; — ty a gid
a r no:s, * towards evening ' ; am ty a bluytyn, ' for about a year ' ;
ty: a for na du i y kredy may hi, ' I think she is somewhere over
there ' ; Ineux ty a r ta:n, ' clean up the hearth ' ; du i wedi gncyd
9 yora ty °ag atti hi, ' I have done my best for it ' ; — with an inf.
' about to ' : ty a prmny moxyn.
ty:ad, s.m., tyaid, D., ' houseful ' : ty:ad maur o dtyly.
ty:ab, s., tuedd, D., ' inclination, bent ' : may &in baub i dy:a&.
ty:b, s.f., pi. t9bja, tyb, D., * opinion': n o:l nhy:b /', 'in my
opinion '.
tydolan, s.f., pi. tydolenna, tu dalen, D., s.v. ' pagina ' ; ' page ' (of
a book).
tytad,s.f., tudded, D., 'bolster case' (I.W.; E.J.; not known
to O.H.).
tyeby, tyheby, v., tueddu, D., ' to incline '.
tyxan, v., tuchan, D. (i) ' to groan ', e. g. of some one in pain,
or raising a great weight. (2) ' to grumble ' = grugna\.
tyn, adj., fern, ten, comp. t9nna\, tynn, D., 'tight': hgulad bay
a i gwasgy n dyn (den), 'a small armful tightly pressed together*.
tyn, s.m., pi tmja, tynau (pi.), W.LI. xvi. 85, 'a tin '.
tynnalt, s.f., pi. tyneli, tunnell, D., ' ton '.
ty:st, s.m., pi. t9stjon, tyst, D., ' witness ' : du i nfu:r, du i n dy:st,
' I am sure, I can vouch for it ' ; ?y galu dyu m dy:st, ' calling God
to witness'; ty:st o -honoxil, ' I call you to witness '.
(ysu, s., tusw, D., 'a bundle' : (ysu o we.-tf (Bangor)— unknown
to O.H.
558
tzbad — tsmmor
tsbad, adv., tybed ; ai tybied, D.F. [153]. 9, 'I wonder* (= 0*
gun z) : be 8o:0 o hono vo bbad t>, ' I wonder what has become of
him ' ; may hi m bedwar o r glo:x / tsbad vod o y ka:yl i de: belax,
1 it is four o'clock : I wonder if he is having his tea ' ; — also used by
itself to cast doubt upon a statement, ' surely not ' ; ' do you
think so ? '
tebjo, v., tybio, D., ' to think, to be of opinion '.
trbo:, call to cows.
tabsgol, tebzgol, adj., tebygawl, O.P., ' likely ' : tzbzgolo vynd, 'likely
to go'.
tzbagy, ietogy, v., tebygu, D., s.v. ' similo ' ; ' to be like ' : may o n
hbzgy i u da:d.
, tefaksun, drtsun, v.,tebygaswn, ' I should have thought*.
, s.m., pi. tdbmnod, tyddyn, D., 'small farm, tenement ' : riu
va:n dy&mnod o:b yrnma m zr he:n amsar (O.H.) ; bra:n d&yn \bra:n\
tdkjo, v., tyccio, D., ( to succeed ' ; d o:y§ dim 9n tekjo, ' nothing
was of any avail '.
tdlaB, tylaQ, s.f., pi. ttlaQa, tulath, W.B., col. 77. 19; tylath, D.,
* a beam which runs the length of a roof about half way down the
slope on either side '. Cf. traust, kuppul.
foluyB, s.m., pi. taluy&a, tylwyth, D., ' family, kinsfolk ' : anob tanny
(du:yn) dy:n o:§ ar i dzluyB (prov.), ' a man takes after his kin ',
c what is bred in the bone comes out in the flesh ' ; t9luy6 te:g,
' fairies '.
talog, adj., tyllog, D., ' full of holes ' : he:n go: hlog, ' a bad
memory ', ' a memory like a sieve '.
fyfy, v., tyllu, D., 'to make a hole'; also tajy tul; — h]y n ly:b,
tafy n sy:x, ' to bore a hole for blasting, with water, without the
use of water '.
hmheraS, adj., tymmheraidd, O.P., ' temperate, lukewarm '.
temhery, v., tymmheru, D., ' to become warm ' : may hi wedi
t9mhery (of the weather).
hmherys, adj., tymmherus, D. (i) 'warm, temperate ' : hinsaub
ddmherys, ' a temperate climate '. (2) ' in good condition ' (of soil),
not too dry nor too wet : ma: r beyar dn ddmherys i Serbyn ar hadyd.
(3) ' good-tempered ' : dy:n hmherys.
tammar, s.f., pi. tamhera, tymmer, D. (i) ' temper' : may o braib
m dambad i d9mmar, ' he is of rather a fiery temper ' ; — tdmmar
avlonyb, avr0ujog, 8ru:g, wy:lt, etc. (2) 'temperature', in the exp.
tsmmar gwa:yd, ' blood heat°'.
tammor, s.m., pi. tamhora, tymmor, D., ' season ' : pen hmmor,
the end of the season', i.e. May 13 and November 13, when
ttmplan — tomy 559
farm servants are hired : fair fxn frmmor, ' hiring fair ' ; tort f
dmimor, 'to leave one's situation before pen tmmor; 9 fxdwar
tmimor, ' the four seasons '.
tmiplan, s.f., ' dumpling '.
/mar, adj., tyner, D., ' tender, gentle ' : ttimlada knar, ' tender
feelings ' ; may hi n dinar jaun, 'it is very soft, warm weath-
tmdir, s.m., tyndir, O.P., ' loose, friable land ' = ti:r fak, rkyA.
tmeru\, s.m., tynerwch, O.P., ' tenderness, gentlenesi '.
tmewyn, s.m., tenewyn, tynewyn, D., 'the part of an animal
which lies between the ribs and hind-quarters ' : may i lay dmtuyn
m i &ih^> said of a very thin animal. Also of human beings : kayl
slap m 9 tmewyn.
tmtyo, v., teneuaw, O.P., * to become thin ' ; 'to thin out ' (of
turnips, etc.).
tm'hay, v., tynnhau, D., ' to tighten '.
tmjad, s.m., tynniad, D. (i) part of harness : tfayn oruB 9 m*y&
sy kayl i ba\y ar vrei'xja 9 drol. (2) 'a catch of fish in a net '.
(3) tmjad hlad, name of an ear-mark \no:d~\. (4) ' draught ' : tmjad
m 9/imSa. (5) ' attraction, attractive influence ' : ma na riu dtnjad
meun ambal i 8y:n.
tmny, v., tynnu, D. I. Trans, (i) ' to draw ' (in various senses):
tmnun /, ' pull away, lads ! ' (O.H.) ; may r Kefylm tonny r drol, ' the
horse is drawing the cart ' ; also abs. may o n tmny at adra n aru ; —
tmny rhu:yd, ' to draw a net '; tmny is also useid absolutely in this
sense ; bruyn weditmny tru:y sat'm, ' rushes drawn through grease ' :
tmny du:r o i dannad o, 'to make his mouth water'; tmny jaxt
hyd i wynab, ' to draw a hand over his face ; to stroke ; to soothe ' ;
so also tmny la:u ar hy:d pen Ki: braBog (cf. D., s.v. c mulceo *) ;
tmny gwynab, °' to do something for the sake of pretence ', ' to act
the hypocrite ' ; tmny dokkyn, dob, ' to draw lots ' ; tmny kuys, ' to
make a furrow ' — fig. tmny ru:in i tolad, ' to put some one under an
obligation ' ; tmny ser\ ru:m, ' to win the affections of some one ' ;
gair i dmny dt:g, ' an expression to excite anger ' ; tonny dym i
gufjo, l to incite a man to fight '. (2) ' to pull ' : tmny gwa:f/t ' to
pull hair ' ; tmny bleind i laur, ' to pull down a blind ' ; tmny n 9
something on one's own head ' (esp. in fig. sense) ; tmny po:b p<$
mi bembigilti, ' to turn everything topsy-turvy ' ;— in rowing : tyn
y:n baljad, ' pull one stroke ' ; tmny is also used absolutely in this
sense ;— fig. tmny ru:in ilaur dippin, ' to put some one down a peg ' ;
tmny drtad i laur, ' to bring down, reduce a debt ' ; tmny ncm tn
9\ pen, ' to make an enemy of some one '. (3) ' to take away, lake
tmnyn — tsrnar
off ' ; tmny r li:an, ' to take off the cloth ' ; t9nny r lu:\, ' to dust ' ;
tmny r klo: ifurb, ' to take off the lock ' ; t9nny r kKal i laur, ' to
take off the kettle'. (4) ' to take off, pull off' : btmy kgo.yn avol,
' to peel an apple ' ; also t9nny r kro:yn od/am dano vo ; — tdnny
rhi:sg, ' to strip off bark ' ; — esp. of articles of clothing : tmny het,
sgidja, etc. ; bary mi dim Bmny hi odfam dana ' I did not take it
off' (sc. my coat); heb dmny 9 sgidja odjar 9 nrha.yd, 'without
taking my boots off' ; t9nny po:b Keryn odfam dano, ' to strip off
every shred of clothing ' ; tmny (08) am dano is also used absolutely
' to undress ' ; tmny am dano n no:yB bmmyn, ' to strip stark naked '.
(5) ' to PUM out J : t9nny daint, ' to pull out a tooth ' ; also in quasi-
middle or reflexive sense, ' to have a tooth out ' : dary mi dmny
daint, ' I had a tooth out ' ; — paid a tsnny hunna o d9 ge:g ne mi net
di vejydy d? dylo, ' don't pull that out of your mouth or you will make
your hands dirty ' ; tmny blewyn o i dru:yn o, fig. ' to irritate him '.
(6) ' to subtract ' : tdnny pedwar o 'honynu. (7) t9nny ly:n, ' to
draw ' ; ' to photograph ', also in quasi-middle or reflexive sense,
'to have one's photograph taken* (cf. D., s.v. 'informo', tynnu
llun a dull a modd peth). (8) ' to pull, pluck ' : tmny bloda.
II. Intrans. ' to draw ' of time, etc, : imny at 9 tervyn, ' to draw to
a close ' ; tmny at 9r amsar, ' to draw near the time ' ; tmny at
9 na:u, ' to be nearly nine years of age '.
tmnyn, tennyn, s.m., tennyn, D., ' leash ; halter with a slip-knot
round the snout and another behind the ears '.
tmva, s.f., tynfa, T.N. 406. 21. (i) ' draught ' (up a chimney) :
•ma:y na dmva Mdfuf, 'the fire does draw well to-day!' (2)
' attraction ' : dma le r 0:8 9 d9nva, ' that is where the attraction
was ', e. g. the reason of the crowds of people ; also used of animals
anxious to get home : 9n 3 van honno r o:y§ i tynva. (3) ' tug
of war '.
hyhedig, adj., tyngedig, O.P., ' given to swearing '.
t9yy, v., tyngu, D. Imperative tma, ' to swear ' : 8ary mi dmy na
neyBun (= naun) i dim, ' I swore I would not '.
tarbud, tsrbuyd, s., ' turbot ' (Rhombus maximus).
t9rk, s., ' a butting ' (of cattle, rams, etc.) : mi ro:B d9rk zdo vo
(Bangor).
ttrkan, s.f., ' turkey hen '.
tzrKi pei, s., Eng. turkey pie, ' bread crusts with boiling water
poured over them, the water being then drained off and a little
salt and butter added '.
tsrkjo \iurkj o\
t9rxjo, v., ' to burrow like a mole ' ; 'to dig badly '.
% s.m., tyrchwr, T.N. 415. 26, 'mole-catcher'.
, s.m., cf. turnor, W.S. [A turnar] ; D., s.v. ' mymphur
(i) ' turner '. (2) ' turning lathe '.
brnas—ufljo 561
tsrnas [ternas],
tornjo, v., turnio, W.S. [Turne], ' to turn on a lathe '.
terpag, s.m., 'turnpike'.
torfa {tirf>a\
terva, s.f., tyrfa, D., ' crowd '.
bryy, v., tyrfu, ' to make a noise ' : toruy hevo r frs/ri, ' to cUtter
with the crockery ' ; t>rvy a r t^a:yd, ' to stamp, make a noise with
the feet '.
l*ty> v., tyrru, D., ' to heap together, to crowd together ' : /*& r
menyn, ' to heap the butter together after churning ' ; pobol m t^y
at i gi'tid, ' people crowding together'.
hsan, s.f., potato = taltan \tattus\
tostjo, v., tystio, D., ' to testify ' : fystjo n erbyn dym aral;—t>stjo
mat hi: o:S hi, ' to testify as to her identity '.
twaduy, adj., tyfadwy, O.P., 'conducive to growth': Umyl ttvaduy,
1 growing weather ' ; gey a trvaduy, ' a mild winter during which the
grass continues to grow '.
toyy, v., tyfu, D., ' to grow ', — the general term used both of
persons and things (cf. pgivjo) : may o n trvy tru i wa:(/t a facetious
way of saying ' he is getting bald ' ; tny at i laur vel kumfon
said of some one who is becoming smaller through old age.
d
Bay, v., rhyddhan, D., 'to comb out (hair)'; Bay gwa:lj (I. W.).
fl?/X, v., erthylu, D., 'to miscarry ' (of animals) ; fig. may r tin* n
toly, ' the snow is coming before its time ' (E.J.).
u wf/y, 'to
their beds'.
u, adj., w, ' his, her, their ' after the preposition i : i
his bed ' ; i u gwely, « to her bed ' ; i u gw/a.y, ' to
Sometimes i: takes the place of i u [/, prep.].
udwan, adj., ' slender and weak ' (I.W.).
uft, interj., wfft, D., exclamation of disgust : na.*u uft too vo!
uftjo; oftjo (O.K.), v., wfftio, D., s.v. 'exprobro'; 'to scorn,
deride ' : oftjo ru:in am i bngjoni ; may pobol m oftjo 'aiiatibo:timor
o o
562 u]ys — uB
ulys, s.f., pi. uhf'on, ewyllys, D. ; cf. wllys, W.LI. lix. 23 ; M.LI. i.
5. 3; B.C. 48. ii. (i) 'will': u]ys da:, 'goodwill'; breybuyd
gwra:x n o:l i hufys, ' the dream of a hag according to her will ',
i.e. ' the wish is father to the thought ' ; Kefyl da: ddi ufys (prov.),
' where there's a will there's a way ' ; zn erbyn v ufys, ' against my
will'. (2) 'will, testament'. ^
umbraB, s., wmbwrdd, wmbredd, R., ' a great number ' : pe:B
umbraB o 'honynu. Cf. mudraL
umro, v., ' to humour ' : may gwaiB umro maur arno vo, ' he is an
ill-humoured man, he is difficult to humour '.
urogl, s., eiddiorwg, D., 'ivy'. Cf. z'dau, irugl, jurug, murigl,
murugl, niurigl.
usnos, s.f., pi. usnosa, wythnos, D., ' week ' : r usnos duyBa, Mast
week ' ; usnos i heity'u, ' a week to-day ' ; xwe:x usnos, ' six weeks ' ;
usnos giva:s newyb [gwa:s].
ustid, s., wystyd, W.S. [Worstede], 'worsted*.
u0, prep., wrth, D. With pronouns: S. i. uBa (z"), 2. *uBat(i),
3. uBo (vo), uBi (hi). PI. i. *uBan(i), 2. *uBax(f), 3. 'uByn(u\
(i) ' by, at : r o:d 'gsnonu gut wedi vildjo uB dalkan 3 ty:, ' they
had a shed, built at the gable end of the house ' ; uB i sgi:l, ' at his
back' (while riding horseback) ; uB 9 dru:s, ' at the door ' ; uB i dra:yd,
' at his feet ' ; uB zmmyl baygor, ' near Bangor ' ; uB v ammyl t, uB
v oxor /, ' at my side ' ; — cf. oruB = oddi wrth, c from by, from ',
opp. to uB and at : r 0:8 o uB 9 dru:s, — mia:B o oruB 9 dru:s ; mi bo:B
0 alto vo, — mi a:B o oruBo vo ', — fig. uB i vo:S, ' at his pleasure ' ; ' in
the highest degree of contentment ' : may hi uB i bo:& hevo i Baid.
(2) ' to ', after words implying fastening, adhesion, etc. : r o.yd 9
Hi: n s0und uB 3 gadar^ ' the dog was tied to the chair ' ; pym tavarn
9n s0und uB i gitid, ' five public-houses in a row ' ; glmy uB, ' to stick
to ' ; vel 'tasanu n dal 9 by:d uB i gilift, ' as if they kept the world
together '.
(3) 'to ', after verbs of saying : deyd uB.
(4) ' at ', denoting occupation : may nu uBizy kany o hy:d, l they
keep on singing ', lit. ' they are at it singing continually ' ; daxiwedi
gneyd 3 te: ? du i uBi hi, ' have you made the tea ? ' 'I am making
it now ' ; uBi hi ar hy:d 9 dy:d heb gay i ge:g, ' jabbering all day
long ' ; — uBi vel la:8 nadrod, uBi nerB enaid a \orf, uBi vel ge/an, ' at
it like niggers ' ; — may o uB z'gmjo, ' he is at his dinner '.
(5) ' at ', after words denoting capacity or incapacity : nto:% o y
garbul uBi hi?, ' wasn't he clumsy at it ? '
(6) ' by ', denoting the means of performing an action : mivtia
1 n sbeitjo nu uB dri:o 'ail-adrob be "V9§anu n beyd, ' I make fun of
them by trying to repeat what they say ' ; — similarly, Kerbad uB i
vagla, ' to walk on crutches '.
vO — uytoad 563
(?) ' by '. denoting the means by which something is measured :
mesyr paub uB i laBan i hy:n, ' to measure aU by his own ell '.
(8) ' compared with ' : may o n vaurjaun uB hu
(9) denoting motion against, coming into contact uith : laro u6
(= <*r) igilti, ' to strike together ' ; ' to meet, to come across one
another '.
( i o) < against ' : afsa vo Mm uBo vo, • he was powerless against it ',
i.e. ' he could not help it '.
(u) after verbs denoting anger where English usage requires
' with ' : digjo uB, ' ta be angry with '.
(12) after certain adjectives : '/find uB ', « kind to ' ; brunt u6,
1 unkind to '.
( 1 3) ' by ', after verbs of knowing : du i n nabod ouBtr olug, ' I
know him by sight*.
(i 4) ' of ', in the expressions may n &a:£in i uBo vo, ' I am glad of
it ' ; may rhaid uB> ' there is need of '.
(15) with an infinitive, ' at, at the moment of, at the time of, on,
through ', equivalent to pen and a finite verb : uB i mi vynJ
zverdon, ' on my way to Ireland ' ; mi doro& 9 gtfaB uB i mi buyto
ami hi, 'the knife broke through my leaning on it ; nyu\i ghi o uB
bu:ad i vjaun, ' will you lock it when you come in ' ; may ghivn m
8ru:g jaun uB gerdad, ' my back aches badly when I walk ' ; du i
wedi losgi my:s uB rieyd tdfi, ' I have burnt my finger while making
toffee '.
( 1 6) with abstract nouns, forming adverbial expressions, as uB tut.
:kily ' ; uB raid, ' when necessity demands ' ; uB resum, uB gurs,
course '.
u:y, s.m., pi. wy:a, wy, D., ' egg ' : plis&in u:y, ' egg-shell ' ; dim
ty, ' membrane of an egg ' ; wy:a neuyb i doduy, ' new-laid eggs ' ;
ay r u:y y gloyk, ' the egg is addled ' ; uy:a drcutyd, wy:a wtdi
rewt\ l rotten eggs ' ; r o.yd £in i lawarjaun o uy:a ond kary dim
>:n o -honynu ty:or, * I had a great many eggs, but not one of
hatched '; u:y adod, ' nest-egg '.— Cf. also gunnuy, mhnu\.
u:yr, s.m., pi. m'rjon, wyr, D., ' grandson '.
uyras, s.f., pi. uyresa, wyres, O.P., ' granddaughter '.
u:ysg, adv., wysg. D., only in the exp. m uysg i &svn, ' back-
wards ' : forbad m u:ysg i gevn, ' to walk backwards ' ; also fig. * 10
come down in the world '.
u.y0, s. and adj., wyth, D., ' eight ' ;— takes the vocalic mutation
except in the case of'dtmad, Mu.yd and durnodi—vyB geinjcg, v.y6
mbnad, u:yQ njurnod.
uyQbuys, s., wythbwys, 'eight pounds' (weight).
uyQhynt, s., wythbunt, ' eight pounds ' (money).
uyBvad, adj., wythfed, D., s.v. 'octavus'; ' eighth*.
002
564
v — vel
v
v [>].
vagty, s., afagddu ; fagddu, B.C. 91. 24 (always with the article) :
may hi n d0wyl vel 9 vagby, ' it is pitch dark '.
vaint, s., pa faint, (i) ' how much ?, how many ?, how big ?, how
long? (of time), how far?': vainttdio?, vaint io?, 'how much is it?',
' how big is it ? ' ; vaint daxi y godi am ...?,' how much do you
charge for ...?'; vaint (9d)i o r glo:x ? vaint o r glo:x zdi?, ' what
time is it ? ' ; vaint adi ar 9 klok?, ' what time is it by the clock ? ' ;
vaint ydi d o:yd di?, 'how old are you?'; am vaint o r glo:x
-hmmuxi de:?, ' what time will you have tea? ' ; 1 9du zdim 9ygubod
vaint o wirjonab sy zno vo, ' I don't know how much truth there is
in it ' ; wa:y0 gin i vaint neiB o sbeitjo arna z, ' I don't care how
much he makes fun of me ' ; vaint sy: er s pen 'vy:oxi zmma tro
kmta ?, ' how long is it since you were here the first time ? ' ; vaint
sy: 08 wima i vaygor ?, * how far is it from here to Bangor?' (2)
' as much, as many ' : vaint V9nnir, ' as much, as many as is (are)
required, any quantity ' ; vaint •vmnoyi, ' as many as you wish ' ;
sometimes strengthened into vaint vyu vy:d 'vmnoxi, vaint vy&
valan, valan, s.f., afallen, D., keydan valan, 'apple-tree' ; valan
sy:r (O.H.), ' crab-apple-tree '.
vanned, s.f., y ddannoedd, D., s.v. { odontalgia ' ; 'toothache ' :
(s>) vannob sy arna i, ' I have toothache ' ; kadu su:n vel vannob, ' to
make a perpetual din ' ; 9 vannob wa:yd, ' abscess of the tooth '
(cf. D., s.v. ' eupilides ').
va:yn, s.f., ' vein ', e. g. of slate : vayn lexi.
ve, affirmative particle, fe, — not used except in stereotyped ex-
pressions, e. g. ka:n di bennil mu:yn i B nain, \ vega:n da nain i tiBa,
i. e. ' one good turn deserves another ' ; — otherwise mi.
veg, s., in the phrase gwasgy r veg, ' to take a mean little revenge
(Bangor).
vei, s., ' sight, view ' : du:ad i r vet, ' to come into view ' = du:ac
i r golug ; — may hi nfu:r o bu:ad i r vei riu burnod, ' it is sure tc
come to light some day '.
veis, s.f., Eng. vice. (i) 'a place for obtaining water at a
convenient spot, where it is made to run over a flat stone or other
contrivance placed there for the purpose ' = pistil. (2) ' tap ',
also ve'is bu:r.
vel, fal, D. ; fel. (i) adv. ' as, like ' : 'vel na, ' like that ' ; peBa
vel na, ' things of that sort ' ; vel 9 vam by:b 9 verx (prov.), cf. ' like
father, like son ' ; trum vel . . . = mor drum a . . ., Kin dnmmad a . . .
velgar — vinna 56 5
(2) conj., ' as, how ' : may o y gafr gntyd vel 9 mttmo, ' he can do
as he likes ' ; vel tasa, ' as it were ' ; r o.y* hi m burn vel tasa hi n
du:ad o gruk, ' it was raining as if it were coming from a tub '.
1 so that ' : vel 9 bo: r la:u m tutfad m 9 kp.yn, • so thai the hand
may be touching the skin '.
velgar, veylgar [gaveylgar].
vely, adv., felly, D., < so, thus ' : vety wi:r?, • really ? ', ' you don't
mean it!'; vefy >wi:r, dsna be o:yl hi, « just so, that was it ' ; vefr »
a place ?
vend, s.,menn, D., 'cart'— only in the expression Jfdar 9 vend,
indicating something extremely tough: ma: r Ki:g mor wydyn a
ledar 3 vend.
veygox, only in the expression ar veygox it, ' upon my word ! '
Cf. T.N. 163. 23, Mi enilles i lawer ar fengoch fach.
vesyl, prep., formed from 'mesur'. Cf. fessur ychydig, D.F. [13].
20; o fesol ychydic, P.G.G. 7. 25; o fesur ychydic, 27. 5; 209. 9;
o fesur ychydig ac ychydig, D.P.O. 267. 31 : mi teuni i faff *y
gilti vesyl tippin, ' we shall come to understand each other little by
little ' ; tanny nu vesyl y:n, ' to pull them out one by one ' ; Her ad
vesyl day, ' to walk two and two ' ; vesyl darn, * piece by piece ' ;
an du:ad ifur vesyl ply :g vel pappyr, * peeling off layer by layer like
paper '.
veddod [dme6dod~\.
ve&gar [dmeBgar].
vi: (when unstressed vt), pron., fi, ' I, me '. The usage is as
follows : (i) as subject after ebra, meda and//:<2 as ebra vi, mtba vi,
fi:a vi m ono vo ; and after verbs in the passive voice as ganuyd it.
(2) as object, always except after an infinitive ending in a consonant :
kovjux vi at 9\ mam, ' remember me to your mother ' ; tgawa <:•
mi trawa inna diQa, ' you strike me and I'll strike you ' ; tory o
fommi vi, ( he disappointed me ' (but dary o yweld i, * he saw me ') ;
— similarly after dmima, d9na as dwima vi a de:r i&o vo nes o:& o y
kany, ' I gave him a blow which made him sing out '. (3) often
after dary as koh yaval dary vi (= mi). (4) generally after a and
na as r y: va:B a vi:, 'just like me' ; m wayB na vi:, * worse than
I '. (5) sometimes as complement to zv, > after nouns ending in a
vowel when emphasis is required as y s&idja vi:t ' my boots ' ; 9n le:
vi:, ' instead of me '.
vigad \y9§agad\.
vinna, pron., finnau, the conjunctive form of vi:, ' I, me '.
usage, as distinguished from inna, is the same as that of vi: — f dri.:s
566 vintag — voQa
zy klepjan a vinna (minna) y hsgy n svund, l the door banging and
I sleeping soundly ' ; — fi:a vinna m ono vo xwaiQ, etc.
vintag, s.f., mintag, R., ' lampas '. Always used with the article.
viu, adv., ni wiw; cf. D., s.v. 'gwiw', nid gwiw, ' non prodest',
* (it is) vain, useless ' : viu i \i vynd, ' it is no use your going ' ; also
'you dare not go ' : — viu i x* §eyd po:b pe:B u6o vo, na: viu ?, ' you
dare not say everything to him, dare you ? '
vi: vaur, i. e. ' capital V ', a play upon this and m':, ' I, me ', with
the meaning of ' egotism, conceit ' : ma na ormod o vi: vaur 3no vo.
Cf. T.N. 221. 5. A phan welais yr ymchwyddo a'r vi fawr oedd
yno; — also 227. 32.
vlerux [blerux].
vo: (when unstressed vo), pron., fo, shortened form of ' efo ',
originally the emphatic form of ' ef ' — 'he, him '. The usage is as
follows : (i) immediately after all verbal forms in -a, -o, and -u,
whether as subject or object, e. g. vedra vo S, ' could he ? ' ; mi vyo
vo varu, ' he died ' ; wa.yO be vo vo:, ' never mind ' ; kadu vo, ' keep
it' ; — sometimes also after^/ as sbedy vo i /ur8, ' to root him out'
(never after dary, very seldom after may) ; — similarly with dzmma,
dma, and dakku, as dsmma vo:. (2) as object after a verb, and
immediately preceded by a word in -a, -e, -o, -u, -y, as mi kadwiQ
fanny vo y gznnas, i that will keep him warm ' ; mi gwelis inna vo
hevyd, ' I saw him too ' ; -welsonu vo ?, ' did they see him ? ' (but mi
gwela i o ; mi prsnnob hi o ; "welsoxi o ?). (3) after a and na, e. g.
do:s a vo: h: Keisti o, l take it back where you found it ' ; may hi n
vu:y na vo:, ' she is bigger than he '. (4) after all prepositions, arno
vo, zdo vo, etc. (5) as complement to /', vo is generally used after
words of more than one syllable, ending in a vowel, as /' enu vo, i
sgidja vo, i duru vo, i wraig gmta vo ; but i le: o or / le: vo, ' his
place ' ; i li: o, ' his saw '. (Cf. o.)
vonta, vernta, vmta, vunta, voQa, pron., efyntau, 'he, it* (conjunctive
form of 0:, vo:) : dary ru:in ovyn kwestjun ido vo a V9nta dzm m medry
attab, 'some one asked him a question which he could not answer ' ;
r o.yd disgul maur oruBo vo a vonta n i sommi nu, ' they expected a
great deal of him, and he disappointed them '. — This form is only
used after a and na. Cf. mta.
vory, 9vory, adv. and s., yfory, D., ' to-morrow ' : bora vory, ' to-
morrow morning ' ; no:s vory, ' to-morrow night ' ; r adag ma vory,
' this time to-morrow ' ; ky:d ak he&ju ag wory, ' as long as to-day
and to-morrow '.
votty, s.m., hafodty, D. ; cf. Fotty, T.N. 278. 17, ' a small building
or shed in a remote place for storing peat late in the season, until
a favourable opportunity occurred for carting it down ' (O.H.).
voOa [vonta'].
tv — walblad 567
v>, v, /, adj., fy, ' my '. The general use of w is before a
consonant which does not admit of the nasal mutation, as tv tfidjj,
vs fcgad, v* mam (but in familiar speech mam) ; v is used before
vowels, as ar v o:l /', ' after me ' ; u6 v »mmyl i, *0 v o^or i, ' at my
side ' ; i vmy at v Kguyt, ' up to my shoulder ' ; lary o v altab i,
' he answered me ' ;— -f sometimes occurs before Ht as / Ay.ii,
' myself '.
vrtagad, vtiigad, vt'gad, s., y fendigaid, D., s.v. ' furunculus ' ;
' boil ' = riu bloryn firnig ko:\ (O.H.) ; dail vdigad (vigatf), dail
y fendigaid, D. (Bot.) ; dail y fenddiged, H.D., 'allheal ' (Hyperi-
cum Androsaemum).
vmy, only in i vmy, i fynu, D., prep, and adv., ' up ' : /' vmy r
grif'a, l upstairs ' ; mynd i vmy r a^t, ' to go up the hill ' ; yu% i vtny,
' higher up ' ; mi tarob o nes o.yb i drayd o i vmyt ' he knocked him
sprawling ' ; mynd ar i vmy^ ' to go uphil) '.
W
wab, s.m., Eng. whap, * a slap with the palm or back of the
hand' = riu glippan ba:\ (O.K.). Cf. D.G. cxcvi. 51, a dod whap
megys clap cledd.
wafan, wafar, s., ' wafer ' : tena vel wa/an.
wafliu [afliii\.
wagan [gwagati],
wain, s., gwain, D., ' sheath ' : tinny hjaB o r wain ;—vd wain
am dukka — meun {e: klos sa:f ;— we\ i ti roid d* dukka >n d> wain
na farad vel na, 'you had better be silent than talk like that'-
(O.H.).
wal [gwal\.
walad, s.f., pi. waUdi, gwalet, W.S. ; waled, C.C. 4 1 7- *°> ' wal^1 '.
e. g. for carrying food.
walbant, s., gwalbant, O.P.; cf. bach y walbant, S.E., s.v. 'bach',
" the angle formed by the wall and roof of a building when the space
is not filted up " ; mi kyro* o o walbant i walbant, * he beat him
from pillar to post '— (O.H.).
walbjo, v., 'to wallop' (I.W.).
walblad, s.f., Eng. wall-plate, ' a place in old-fashioned cottages
at the top of the wall, where the beams of the roof meet
an unfilled space often used for keeping things ' (O.H.) = walbant.
568
walbon — wedi
Cf. T.N. 22. 37, mae can punt eto, Genyf mewn bwndel tan
walblaid y bondo.
walbon, s., ' whalebone ' : m 2stuy6 vel walbon used of persons
(O.H.).
waldjo, v., ' to wallop, beat ' : waldjo Kerig ; waldjo ko:yd hevo
wy:alt i mhaly nu ; waldjo ry:d u6 dzrny ; waldjo pobol.
waldras, s., * a slight blow ', e. g. over the mouth with the open
hand.
walpjo, wampljo, warpjo, v., ' to warp '.
wampjo, v., cf. wampio, M.F. ; Eng. (Dial.) vamp [to mend, patch,
repair], ' to do up, repair ' : wampjo sgidja, wampjo tippin ar s iy:
(O.H.). More frequently in the form 'ail'wampjo.
wan, s., ' one ', in such exp. as dimy:n wan, ' not a single one '.
wayk \winK\.
wa:r, s.,Eng. war, in the phrase wa:r zn tfe'ina, i. e. ' war in China ' :
fy:d m wa:r m tfe'ina 'arnatil, ' you'll catch it ! '
wardfo, v., 'to look out ' : wardjux /, ' look out ! '
wasbus, s., Eng. wash-board, * boards placed along, the body of
a cart to heighten it '.
wa:st, s.m., wast, W.S. [Waste], ' waste, rubbish ', e. g. of a
quarry.
wa:st, gwa:st, s.m., ' waist ' ; cf. gwa:sg.
waif, s.f., pi. watfis. (i) ' watch ' (timekeeper) ; gard 3 waif,
1 watch-chain ' ; i what/, ' her watch '. (2) ' watch, look out ' : ar
9 waff ar g0unt 9 nha:d, 'on the watch for my father'. (3) mi eif
i 9no ar i watfo, * i came upon him suddenly ', e.g. without knocking
at the door.
watfad, watfo, v., waytsio, W.S. [Watche], watchio, C.C. 18. n,
' to watch ' : dary mi watfo nu, ' I watched them ' ; watfad vi,
' watch me ' ; watfux * lantar, ' mind the lantern '. Also gwatfad,
gwatfo.
we:, ' wo ', said to a horse to make it stop.
wedi, prep., wedi, gwedi, D. (a xwedt is still often heard among
old people), ' after '. (i) before a noun, especially in expressing the
time of day, e. g. igjan mynyd wedi x^e'X-, ' twenty minutes past
six ' ; — in other cases ar ol is more frequently heard : wedi (ar o:l}
9 kneya, ' after the harvest ' ; wedir (ar o:l9] vluytyn nesa, ' after next
year '. (2) before an infinitive with the present tense of bo:d to
express the perfect tense active, may o wedi mynd, ' he has gone ' ;
may o wedi maru, ' he is dead ' ; ^ pe:Q 9 may o wedi beyd (i. e. wedi
ei ddeyd), c the thing he has said ' ; — with the imperfect of bo:d to
express the pluperfect : r o:d o wedi mynd, ' he had gone '. Also in
wedyn — wensgod 569
the passive may o wedi Ia:d, ' he has been killed ' ; r o:* o wedi la:l,
' he had been killed '.
wedyn, adv., wedi hyn (a xwtdyn, na xwfdyn arc still often heard
among old people ; cf. also below), (i) 'after, afterward* ' : 9 pt:6
kmta wedyn, ' the next thing ' ; migavot 9 ver* ivayh garjad tvwy*
wedyn, l the young girl got another lover afterwards ' ; welit i m <mo
vo gynt na xwedyn, ' I never saw him before or afterwards ' ; ot
kynt gwa:yO \wedyn, ' if that was bad, worse was to follow '. (2)
1 also, too ' : may n xwMjaun ar 3 rhti ni uxdyn, » it is very hard
on them too '. (3) ' after all ' : do:0 o Mm uxdyn, ' he never came
after all '.
wedgan, s.f., pi. wedgis, l wedge '.
wedgan, s.f., Eng. wench, a term of reproach for a woman : htm
wedgan grtral.
w'e'iar, s.f., pi. weirs. Sing, also wftran, f., weir, B.C. 34. 25,
' wire ' : weirs pigog, ' barbed wire '.
weindjo, v., cf. gwindio, D.F. [94]. 3. 5, 'to wind': wfindjo kick.
weip, s., cf Eng. (Dial.) wipe [A blow, stroke ; a smart slap],
1 a tweak or slight touch ' : mi rois i hunna wftp ar draus i dt
' I gave him a tweak on the nose ', also fig. ' I administered him a
well-deserved reproof '.
weipjad = weip.
wei/jo, weitjad, v., l to wait, wait for ' : weitja vi:, ' wait for me '.
Also gweitjo, etc.
wtitwaf, weilwaf'o \xweitwaf , xwfitwaf'o].
weiQja, adv., weithiau, ' sometimes ' [gwat'0].
we:x, in the exp. we:\ arna i, ' it is all over with me ' ; may hi
wedi we:x arna i, may po:b pe:6 drosob.
wel, interj., ' well ' : wel, may o wedi mynd, ' well, he has gone ',
and in all similar uses as in English.
weldi'vi:, s., (g)wel di fi, 'a tiresome, self-opinionated person,
a bore' (O.H.).
welfan, s., ' wafer (?) ' : Kin dm'eyad a wel/an. Cf. wa/an, wa/ar.
wem, s., Eng. wen, ' a big swollen lump on the neck or side of
the head '.
wemflam, s., wen-fflam, C.C. 222. 21,' blaze ', in such expressions
as mi a:Q po:b pe:6 m wemflam meun mynydt ' it all burst into a flame
in an instant '.
wensgod, s.f., Eng. wainscot, (i) 'a partition formed in a room
by a sheet or curtain ' (J.J.) ; gwely wensgod, ' a four-post bed
curtains' (J.J.) — more correctly 'a bed boarded round on three
sides and provided on the other with a curtain to be drawn when
required'. O.H., however, explains wensgod as 'a foundation
5 7 o werbon — witf
of thin planks beneath the mattress ' : Kibjad arjan an wensgod 3
gwely, (2) in slate quarries : ' a piece of rock which, on account
of the prevalence of granite or other flaws, is abandoned as being
unlikely to be worked with profit '.
werdon, s., Iwerddon, cf. W.B. col. 38. 35, 'Ireland'; always
9 werdon : mynd i r werdon, ' to go to Ireland ' ', gweld 3 wer&on am
dano, * to be sick with waiting for it '. Cf. C.F. 1890, 334. 1 1 (Dialect
of Newborough, Anglesey), Mi wudda Misdar Jos, narith, lie roudd
Nan, a rodd-o yn gweld-y Werddon am dani as meitin iawn. —
gweld 3 werdon u6 hi:r disgul is also used. These phrases seem to
allude to the rare instances in which Ireland can be seen from this
coast.
wermod, s.f., ' wormwood ' : wermod lu.yd, ' common wormwood '
(Artemisia Absinthium) ; di:od wermod.
wesla, s.m., pi. wesli:ad, 'a. Wesleyan'. Also as adj.: kappal
wesla, ' a Wesleyan chapel '.
westras, s.pl., sing, westran, westrasan, f., oestren, oestrysen, D.,
s.v. ' ostrea ', * oysters ' ; gwely weslras, ' oyster-bed '.
wetjO) v., l to wait at table '.
weyn, s.f., pi. wejrnyd, gwaun, D., ' bog ' : weyn vaun, ' a bog
producing peat '.
wiks, s.pl., sing, wiksan, f. , Eng. (Dial.) wig [A kind of cake or
bun], ' a kind of plain oblong bun containing caraway seeds '.
Cf. bmsan.
-wil'W3n, s., 'a kind of large gnat found in woods' (Llanfairfechan).
wtmblad, s.f., pi. wimbledi, gwimlet, W.S. [Wymble], ' gimlet '.
winor, s., ewinor, D., * pernio, pterygium'; also s.v. ' paronychia ' ;
' a gathering at the finger-nails ' : may r winor ar 3 my:s.
winrau, wmGrau, s., ewinrhew, D.G. clxxiv. 23, ' pain in the
finger-tips caused by intense cold '.
wmsz, s., Eng. wincey, * linsey-woolsey ' : frog winsL
wtyk, s. (i) 'wink': x^g^ i tom wiyk, 'I did not sleep a
wink '. (2) ' ruse, wile ' : ma: r iviyk -3noti a r wayk '3noti> ond luibi
di Sim ; wa:yB am d3 wtyk na d3 wayk, lm'8i di byQ, said e. g. by a
third person to some one trying to deceive some one else (O.H.).
Cf. T.N. 222. 37. Ac os delir tystiolaeth am eu castiau diffaith,
Tw gofyn ar gyfer \feeting neu chwarter ; Fe wincia rhyw wanci na
chant hwy mo'u cospi ; Mae ffrinsib i'r rheiny gyda thwrne neu faili.
wi'ykjad, s.m., Eng. wink, ' a twinkling, moment ' = xwiyfy'ad.
wt'sgt, s.m., ' whisky '.
wit/, s.f., witsiaid (pi.), B.C. 7. 24, ' witch ' : gwraib witf, ' twitch,
couch-grass ' (Triticum repens).
wiljo — ylu 571
wilfo, v., witsio, W.S. [ Wytchc], ' to bewitch ' : wedi ka:l i witjo.
witti, adj., Eng. witty, 'quick-witted, quick of comprehension '.
wittin, s.m., 'whiting' (Gadus merlangus).
wiwar, s.f., pi. wiwars, gwiwair, D., 'squirrel': may turn v*l 9
wiwar, said of one who is very agile.
wobt s., cf. Eng. (Dial.) wab [foolish chatter, nonsense], n.Lia,
Dev., Cor., ' a fool ' : he:n wob (O.H.).
wy:a\t, s.f., pi. wy:i^ bwiall, D., but bwyall, s.v. ' securis ' ; ' axe ' :
krat wy:a[t, ' tne eve °f an axe ' > fay* wy:al't ' lnc handle of an
axe ' ; sgodyn wy:a£/, ' weever fish ' (1'rachinus draco).
wybyr, s., wybr, D., ' sky ' : going bfroys ar 9 wybyr (O.H.).
wybva, always with the article *t Yr Wyddfa, cf. J.M.J. p. 192,
' Snowdon '.
wylnos, s.f., gwylnos, D., s.v. 'vigilia'; 'a religious service
formerly held on the evening before a funeral at the house of the
deceased ' : kadu wylnos.
W9rkus, s.m., * work-house '.
y:d, s.m., yd, D., s.v. ' frumentum ' ; ' corn '. Speaking generally
y:d implies ' oats ' ; kodi y:d, ' to grow corn ' ; e&in main *r y:dt
' tender shoots of corn ' ; bonjon ?ry:d, ' stubble ' ; hrnan y:d* ' a
round stack of corn '.
yfarn, s.f., uffern, D. (i) 'hell'. (2) applied to the hole for
ashes sunk into the floor beneath the grate.
y.-X, s.m., pi. 3\ain, ych, D., s.v. ' bos ' ; ' ox ' = fys/ax.
yxal, 9\alt adj., comp. yux, eq.yxad(cf. also fyux = cyfuwch),
yilad, 9\ad, sup. yxa, yu\a, *xa, uchel, D. (i) ' high ' : 9 rhanyxa o r
dru:s, ' the upper part of the door ' ; 9r y\a or bay 9na, ' the lop one
of those two ' ; r e:nyxa, ' the upper jaw' ; may hi uxdi %hoid 9 ka:s
penyxa n tsa, ' she has put on the cover (of the book) upside down ^ ;
— Gg.yxal t/ord, ' proud ' ; so also may o m ben yxal. (2) ' loud '
ma: nu y givetii am 9r yx<*> ' they are shouting at the top of i
voice ', lit. ' they are vying with one another in shouting ' ; r o.y& o
n xwerBin 9nyuX i glo:x ™ ne:b o:y* 9no, 'he was laughing louder
than any one who was there '.
ylu, s.pl., ulw, D., • favilla ', also s. v. ' deflagro ' ; ' ashes, powder ' :
wedi losgi n ylu, ' burnt to ashes ' ; may o wedi tori n ylu man,
'it is° broken to smithereens'. More commonly the word is
used adverbially, either of something hot, e. g. r o.yt 9 du* 9m
572
ymplyg —jnol
boyBylu (ylu bo:y6, xwt:lylu bo:y&), ' the water was boiling hot ', —
or in a merely intensive sense as may o n xwi'-lylu bitf, ' he is dead
drunk ' ; may r ty: m bemban ylu, ( the house is topsy-turvy ' ; wedi
torindipjaylu, 'broken to smithereens'; mi veBis mylu la:n, 'I failed
utterly ' ; reit ylu vle:r, ' very untidy ' ; reit ylu wi:r, ' very true '.
ymplyg, adj., unplyg, D., s.v. ' simplex ' ; ' sincere ' : dy:n ymplyg,
' a sincere man '. Opp. dqywynebog.
yn, s.pl., sing, onnan, f., onn and ynn, D. ; ynn, G.R. 3. n,
' ash-trees ' : os deilja r deru o vla:yn zr yn, \ gwerBa dsy:\ afrsnna
•vyn (J.J.), ' if the oak comes into leaf before the ash, sell your ox
and buy a kid ' ; gla:s onnan, ' a green sprig of ash formerly sent to
a lover as a sign of rejection (i urBod knigjad).
y:n, s. and adj., un, D. Feminine nouns and sometimes mas-
culine nouns (e. g. y:n le:d) following, take the vocalic mutation,
(i) ' one ' : po:by:n, ' each, every one ', but ma: nu wedi mynd bo:b
y:n (= sometimes bo:d 9g y:ri) ; bo:b my:n ag zny:n, ' one by one '
(= vesyly:ri) ; y:n ar ynwaB, ' one at a time ' ; 9 ty: nesa ondy:n,
' the next house but one ' ; dimy.n wan, ' not a single one ' ; jawar
y:n, ' many a one ' ; d0u\ a hmny danym, ( bring that at the same
time ' ; mynd o y:n ka:y i gay aral, ' to go from one field into
another ' ; mi rieiQ o heb 9r y:n ru:an, ' he will do without one now ' ;
X^sgis i r y:n hy:n tru: r no:s, ( I did not sleep a wink all night ' ;
3 pe:6 rheiija o r y:n, ' the most necessary thing of all ' ; wyftun tdim
p ry:n o.yS o, ' I did not know which one it was ' [/^:] ; y:n wa:g
s no\i if'o ?, ' is it an empty one you want ? ' ; may o ny:n sadjaun
i vytta, ' he is a very bad one at eating, he has a poor appetite ' ;
may hi ny:n vrak i Qavod, ' she is very free with her tongue '. — With
pi. sagjo rubaB a n'fyd o ny:n rhafa, ' to hack something about into
one stringy mass ' ; — an du:ad i laur dny:n tida o hy:d. (2) ' one '.
Fr. ' on' : vy:by:n an tummo uB vynd i vmy r a:U. (3) preceded
by the article ' same ' : 9ry:ny:n, ' the same one ' ; r y:(n) va:B (or
even r hy: va:d), ' the same sort, in the same way, just (as) ' : may
o ry: va:6 a ta:y o wedibyky myd, 4 he is just as if he had swallowed
a donkey' (i.e. sulky) \ma:B\\ r y:n hy:d a r y:n le:d, ' the same
length and breadth '.
ynfon, adj., unffon : rhuydynfon, a kind of net (O.H.).
ynla, adv., unlle, D., s.v. ' nuspiam ' ; ' anywhere ' : welis i o
ri'o:yd mynla, ' I never saw it anywhere ' ; mu:y na welis i nynla^
* more than I ever saw anywhere ' ; may n wel dn ^ ty: nag m ynla
aral, ' it is better in the house than anywhere else ' ; le: da\i n mynd?
ynla, ' where are you going ? ' ' Nowhere '.
yno, v., uno, D., ' to unite '.
ynol, adj., unawl, O.P.; 9nynol a r gmraB, cin conformity with
the law '.
9 573
ynto, s., unto, in the phrase may o m byu danynto a »/>, 'he lives
in the same row as we do ', i. e. under the same roof but not in the
same house.
yntrod, adj., untroed, D.G. Ixix. 6— dal mynfyod, ' to keep on one
foot ' ; nc'idjo nynfgod, ' to hop '.
ynvon, adj., unfon, ' stalk to stalk ' : *r y:d *y gorva* mywvon —
dim tu:ys m 9 bom (O.H.).
ynwaQ, s., unwaith, D., ' once ' : arymvad a *i> do:6 o, nte:?, ' he
came at the same time as you did, didn't he ? ' ; ynwaB nt buy,
1 once or twice ' ; ar ynwaO, ' at once '.
yyglyst, adj., unglust, ' having one ear ', in the exp. moxyn yyglyst,
term of reproach : ta:u r he:n voxyn yyglyst (O.H.).
y:s, s.m., fis, D., ' chaff ', implying generally the chaff of barley :
y:s Keirx = peswyn. Cf. manys.
ysu, s.pl. (?), cf. uswydd, D., ' frustatim ', etc. ; ' fragments,
smithereens ' : wedi tori nysu ma:n.
yud, s.m., uwd, D., ' porridge ' : yud {fonjon, 4 porridge made
from coarse oatmeal ' ; bytta yud &id a bnjawid, * to attempt the
impossible ' (Bangor) ; ryudannuyll exclamation.
yux'ben, prep.sadv., uchben,D.,s.v. ' supra '; ' over, above* : gwair
sy wedi gwywo yu\'ben i dra:yd, ' hay which has withered as it
stood '.
yu\'la:u, prep., uchlaw, D., s.v. ' supra ' ; ' over, above '.
yvyb, adj., ufudd, D. (i) 'obedient'. (2) 'willing': yvyb i
weiBjo.
yvybdod, s., ufudd-dod, D., ' obedience '.
yvyfrhay, v., ufuddhau, D., ' to obey '.
9, 9r, r, r, article, y, yr, 'r, ' the '. Feminine nouns take the
vocalic mutation after ^, except nouns beginning with f or r, and
many nouns of English origin beginning with g or /, as 9/a:t, ' the
gate ' ; also 9 garO. The masculine noun towyb, also, always be-
comes 3 d#wyd. Adjectives, except cardinal numbers, when following
the article and preceding a feminine noun take the vocalic mutation,
but both day and du:y mutate : 9 day &y:n, 9 buy wraig. — r is used
before and generally after vowels ; also before j except at the
beginning of a sentence ;— r is generally used before h, as r ha:,
( the summer '. — The article is sometimes omitted (as in the literary
language) in the expressions ar tan, 'on the fire'; m ta:n (cf.
Jer. vii. 31) and m ty: (cf. St. John viii. 35),— also occasionally
574 9
in quick speech in other cases, as pen lont, Pen y Bont, m van no,
yn y fan honno, ' in that place '. On the other hand 9 is occa-
sionally stressed in place-names, as in mqyfokKt, mb'ylekKi, Moel
y Ci (cf. also larrekJSil, ' Llanycil ', Merionethshire). — The article
is occasionally prefixed to names of places, as 9 rhyl, ' Rhyl ',
3 werbon (for Iwerddon), ' Ireland ' ; dr indja, ' India ', etc. — The
article is frequently used pleonastically before y:n, as heb 9r y:n
geinjog, ' without one penny ' ; hidjo r y:n tattan mo vo, 'not to
care a button for him '. — 2 represents English ' a ' in expressions
like fair Keinjog 9 pu.ys, ' threepence a pound ' (cf. Keinjog 9r y:n,
' a penny each ') ; tair miltir dn dr aur, ' three miles an hour '. —
Sometimes m 9 mynyd occurs for ' in a minute '.
9, adj., fy, 'my', used before words admitting of the nasal
mutation, where, however, 3 is frequently omitted : 9n 9 yhevn,
1 behind my back ' ; may o y ghodi m\ ' he is raising me ' ; du iwedi
gneyd 9 yora, ' I have done my best ' ; robart oyft enu 9 nha:d,
' Robert was my father's name', but nha:d! in calling, and gener-
ally in familiar usage : kammy mhen, ' to bend my head ' ; losgi
my:st ' to burn my finger ' ; may o n ?nrtvo vt, ( he is hurting me ' ;
may o wedi mrivo vt, ' he has hurt me '. — In the case of words
beginning with tr (mutated nrh\ n is sometimes omitted as rhu:yn,
1 my nose '. — 9 is sometimes used before other consonants0 where
there is no ambiguity, as mi dmnis 9 sgidja, ' I took off my boots ' ;
but mi dmnbb o V9 sgidja (i), ' he took off my boots ' (or mi dmnob
9 sgidja t). Cf. V9t m.
9, 9r, r, particle, y, yr. (i) affirmative particle used before the
first word in a sentence ; — only occurs in the form r before certain
verbal forms beginning with a vowel, namely the ist and 2nd
persons sing, present, all the persons of the plural present, and all
persons of the imperfect of bo:dt as r 9du i (= mi r 9du z, du i) ;
r o.yd (= mi r o:y8, mi o.yti). (2) in a few instances where the
sentence begins with an adjective or noun, as (m) bo:y& 9 bo: vo:/,
1 may he be warm ' (a curse) ; da: 9 bo: x*, ' good-bye ' ; — or when
the sentence is otherwise inverted, as nid9n hi:r 9 Keidu r djauliwa:s
(prov.), c the devil does not long preserve his dupe ' ; ar 9 burb 9 ma:y
o, 'it is on the table' — but in such cases 9 is more frequently
omitted. (3) in relative constructions : koli yaval 8ary vi: 9n 9
pe:6 r oyBun i y fadjad 9no vo, { I lost my hold on the thing
I was grasping'; ela da:u o hevo r y:n tre:n 9 dots /:, 'perhaps he
will come by the same train as I did '. (4) in such cases as the
following : syt 9 may o ?, ' how is he ? ' ; be ra: i a vo ?, ' why should
I take it ? ' ; Kin r a: i, ' before I go ' ; un i fa'm le r a: i, ' I don't
know where to go ' ; dma pryd r a:6 o, ' that is when he went ' ;
le: b9nnag 9 bo:, ' wherever it may be ' ; d9na vel 9 d^la vo:d, ' that is
now it ought to be ' ; may o y ga]y gneyd vel 9 m9nno, ' he can do as
he likes '. (5) in dependent clauses where in English ' that ' is
tflon — m/rost 575
expressed or understood : mi Wydo* hi >r a: hi, ' she said she would
go ' ; na: i so:n -u6ynu 9 dtmni, ' i will lell them we will come '.
yflon ; yflon (Bangor), s.pl., yfflo, C.C. 1 71. 26, 'bits, smithereens':
wedi tori n yflon mam.
rhi:, pron., hyhi ; yht, G.R. 19. 19, ' she, her' (emphatic form of
hi:) : di:ol\ mat rhi: sy n rnynd, nid rvi:t * I am glad she is going,
not I '.
*X, X, adj., Mid. W., ych; cf. W.B. 86. 33, also G.R. 13. 3 ; eich,
D., ' your'. Takes the radical ; frequently h is heard in the case
of words beginning with a vowel, as n *x hcrbyn, « again
ar 9\ ho:!, ' after you '.
9'xi:, pron., chwychwi, D., 'you ' (emphatic form of*/;).
rx**-: Xti-'i 6di:t pron., tydi, D., ' thou ' (emphatic form of //:) ;
rxti: tdi r hnta, ' you are the first ' [x//>].
9\tur, s.m., uchder, D., s.v. ' altitude ' ; ' height ' ; rubaB d r
[= at yr] y^iur hmny, ' something about that height '.
ymdeyry, v., ymdaeru, D., ' to dispute hotly '.
9m'doi, v., amdoi, O.P., ' to dress (a corpse) '.
ymdrax, s.m., pi. zmdrexjon, ymdrech, D., ' effort ' : gnfyd nndra\.
ymdrexgar, mdrexgar, adj., ymdrechgar, T.N. 14. 19, 'energetic ;
striving, persevering ' (e. g. of poor people who do their best to make
two ends meet without applying for relief).
wdrexva, mdrexva, s.f., ymdrechfa, O.P., ' struggle ' : may n
mdre\va ovnaduy hevo gwynl maur (O.H.).
ymdrexy, mdrexy, v., ymdrechu, Col. i. 29, 'to make great effort ' ;
mdrexy i vyu, ' to toil bravely to get a living '.
smdreylo, v., ymdreiglo, D., ' to roll oneself, wallow '.
wdroi, v., ymdroi, D., s.v. ' intorqueo ', ' inuerto ' ; 'to loiter ' :
may hi n y:n aru am sm'droi i laur mo, ' she is very fond of loitering
down there ' (in the town).
amdroxi-, v., ymdrochi, R., 'to bathe '.
smdrufo, v., ymdrwsio, D. [Deuparth pryd ymdrwsio (prov.)], «to
make oneself neat '.
zmSuyn, v., ymddwyn, D., ' to behave, bear oneself : syt 9 may o
n tmbuyn atto\ift ' how does he bear himself towards you ?' [Cf.
bihavjo.~]—3m-*u:yn, ymddwyn, D., ' to conceive f is literary.
3mflam9xy, v., 'to become warmed to one's subject, to blaze
away ', e. g. in making a speech.
nnfrost, s., ymffrost, D., ' boastfulness ' : ma na dippin o mfrost
mo vo.
576 dmfrostjo — ammyl
9mfrostjo, v., ymffrostio, D., ' to boast '.
9mgegy, v., ymgegu, O.P., ' to quarrel '.
zmgekry, v., ymgecru, D.P.O. 33. 18; cf. ymgeccreth, D., s.v.
' rixor ' ; ' to quarrel, wrangle, nag '.
9mgerjan, s., ymgerain, ' continual bickering '.
9mgernjal, 9mgernjo, mgernjal, mgernjo, v., ymgernial, O.P., ' to
quarrel, wrangle ' : / o:s na 8t'm stfwad 9n 9 plant, ma nu y kufjo hevo
i gilib—peidjux ^mgernjal hevo x gH& / / mgernjal a i gi'h'8.
9mgravy, s., ymgrafu, D., s.v. ' prurio ' ; ' the itch ' : may r 9ingravy
arno vo = sgrutf.
9mgripjan, v., ymgripian, ' to creep ' (on all fours) : 9mgripjan
i rula.
9mgroisi, v., ymgroesi, D., 'sese signo crucis signare', ' to beware '.
9mgroys, in the ex p. groys dmgroys, cf. croes ymgroes, S.E.,
s.v. ' cross ' ; ' criss-cross' : rhuygo y groys 9mgroys ; — also ' at sixes
and sevens '.
dmgyro, v., ymguraw, S.G. 188. 15. (i) 'to beat one's arms
against the chest in cold weather '. (2) ' to strive hard to live under
adverse circumstances '.
3mla8, v., ymladd, D., ' pugnare ' ; cf. G.R. [134]. 21, 'to struggle':
du i n zmlab dn erbyn 9 gwynt, ' I am struggling against the wind ' ;
du i n imldb an aru am dani hi, ' I am struggling hard for it '.
?m'la:8, v., ymladd, D., ' occidere se ' ; cf. G.R. [134]. 20, 'to
tire oneself out ' : may o wedi zm'la:b uB vynd i vaygor, ' he has
tired himself out by going to Bangor ' ; mi garis 3 pren nes o:n i
wedi 3m'la:b, * I carried the log till I was worn out '.
amlavnjo, v., ymlafniaw, O.P., ' to tire oneself out '.
ymlid, s., ymlid, D., s.v. ' persecutio J ; 'the breeding season*
(applied to rams and goats): may m^herod m turkjo m amsar
dmltd (O.H.).
2mma> ma, adv., yma, D., ' here ' : pu:y sy 9mma ?, ' who is here ? ' ;
tyd 9mma, ' come here ' ; zmma ganuyd a maguyt z', ' it was here
that she was born and brought up ' ; — after a noun preceded by
the article = ' this ' (in this case generally ma. When emphatic its
place is sometimes taken by hyn, as for 'hyn, 'this way', — very
rarely by hun, hon) : 9 'dy:n ma, ' this man ' ; 'for ma, ' this way ' ; —
9mma is often used substantively = ' this place ' (cf. the original
form ' y man '), e. g. da\i n leikjo 9mma ?, ' do you like this place ? ' ;
' do you like being here ? ' (Anglo- Welsh : ' do you like here ? ') ;
le: bra:v i ista 9di dmma, ' this is a nice place to sit in '. On the
other hand 9 van ma often takes the place of smma, as deux * r van
ma, ' come here ' ; smydux o i r van ma, ' move it here '.
9mmyl, s.m., pi. 9m9lon, ymyl, D., s.v. ' margo ' ; ' edge, border,
brim, side, hem ' : 9mmyl 9 io:, ' the edge of the roof ' ; 9n laun hyd
yr 9mmylt ' full to the brim ' ; uQ v 9mmyl i = u6 v o\or i, ' at my
577
side ' ;— m 9mmyl, ' near ' ; may o n mmyl {a* 9n rulat 4 it is near at
hand somewhere ' ; r o.-n i m byu 9n i h*mmyl hi, • I lived near her ' ;
mayr&eya n smmyl, 'the winter is at hand ' ;— similarly i mmyl :
r o:t s ghoysa wedi mynd 9y go^jon i >mmyl gwayd, ' my legs were
reddened almost to bleeding', i.e. by walking bare -legged on the
sand during a high wind.
9m-nfyd, mneyd, v., ymwneuthur, D., • conspirare ' ; • to meddle
with, to have dealings with ' : m'ntyd a di:od vtkvol, • to meddle
with intoxicating drink ' ; vedru i n 9 myu mntyd a hun a hun =
gneyd bysnas a vo:.
9mroi, v., ymroi, D., s.v. ' addico ' ; «to give way (to) ', ' to be
addicted (to) ' : m'roi i d/'.W, ' to be addicted to drink f.
rnruyvo, mruyvo, v., ymrwyfo, C.C. 161. 14; 'mrwyfo, 'I
64. 1 1. ( i) '^to toss about ', e. g. in a fever. (2) ' to strain oneself
to the utmcst ' : 9mruyvo i vyu meunfarm heb bigon o stok i daly.
9mr9S9mmy, nnresammy, v., ymres) mmu, D., s.v. 4 dtsputo ' ; cf.
'mryssymu, G.R. 85. 6, ' to argue '.
m, 9m, yy, 9, prep., yn (ym, yng). With pronouns, S. i. nta it
2. '9not(i\ 3. 9no (vo), no; mi (hi), m. PI. i. Vwwff), a. -9nox(t)t
3. -9nyn(u). The mutations following m and the modifications of its
termination are entirely in accordance uith literary usage except in
the case of zm b h:? — ym mha le ?, ' where?', and 9m &/(= ->
rnhefj, ' far '. The mutations are retained even in the ca«e of place-
names, if the latter are well known, though the younger generation
are inclined to say 9m baygor, etc. Except in the case of a few
stereotyped expressions (for which see below) 9n always bears
secondary stress. Thus we have 9m maygor, * in Bangor ' ; *y
gha:yr, * in Chester ' ; ayynharvon, ' in Carnarvon ' ; ?yyarb)nha:J,
' in my father's garden ' ; 9m mhentir, ' in Pentir '. Exceptions are
°
^ ghylx* 'about'; 9 ghy:d, ' together '; 9 y/y.-n, 'concerning
9 mhel> ' ^ar ' I 3 mlhi:B, 9 my:sg, ' among ' ; 9 mla.yn, ' forward ' ;
9 mhen, 'at the end '. Cf. « Welsh Orthography ', p. 47- To these
may be added 9 mlhe:B, ' folded ' (e. g. dylo 9 mlhcB) ; brayx 9 mruyx*
' arm in arm ' ; °bri:g 9 mri:g, 9 mri:g 9 mri:g, 'top to top ' (speaking
of reaped corn). For 9n ta:n, 9n ty: cf. 9 (article).
9n, as distinguished from meun, is used before nouns preceded
by a defining word such as the article or a pronominal adjective, or
before nouns where the article is absent owing to a following noun
in the genitive case ; also before names of places and pronouns
(m ay a, however = ' in death ' ; and cf. also some of the above
phrases), e. g. 9n 9 dru:s, ' at the door ' ; m i dy:, ' in his house ' ;
*V $horf 9 MS, * during the night '. — Other senses of m are the
following : (i) m 9 jhevn, ' behind my back ' ; m9ywynab, • before
my face ' ; may o r y: va:9 m 9\ Kevn x* <*g ** *X gwynab x*\ ' he is
the same behind your back as before your face '. (2) in speaking
1431 P
578 an— ma
of weight or value : ma 'na dippin o buys 9no vo, ' it is rather heavy ' ;
klyux 9 puysa sy no, ' feel how much it weighs ' ; / o:s na dim lawar
o werB zno vo, ' it is not worth much '. (3) in speaking of the
weather : ma na dippin o la:u 9ni hi, * there is a little rain coming '.
(4) after verbs of striking : trawo mhen 9n 9 &ur8, l to knock my head
against the table '. (5) after s0und\ r o:d 9 Hi: n s0und dn 9 gadar,
'the dog was fastened to the chair*. (6) after verbs denoting
' catching hold of : gaval (= hdjad] m i la:u, ' to catch hold of his
hand '. (7) after verbs denoting ' caring ' or ' heeding ' : hidjo ry:n
tattan 9no vo, ' not to care a button for him ' ; du i dim in maljo dgo:y
o vakko 9no vo, ' I don't care a plug of tobacco for him ' ; du i dim
m meindjo dim mo vo, ' I don't heed him at all '.
9n, n, sm, m, ay, y, particle, yn, used to form adverbs, as m dru:g,
' badly ', and with predicative nouns and adjectives, as may o n dy:n,
may o n vaur. Takes the vocalic mutation, except in the case of
bra:v and some other words of English origin. The radical is,
however, often heard in the case of da:, e. g. •/ 9dynu n da: i dim, i
be: may o n da: ? — 9m is undoubtedly heard in quick speech before
labials ; 9y before gutturals. The anomalous ' ymhell ' appears as
9 mhel or 9m bel. — The expression 9y g9m'ra:ig, ( in Welsh ', seems
rather to belong here than to be an anomalous usage of 9n, ' in '.
— The expression dn y:n, ' for one ', should perhaps be mentioned,
e. g. 9'vo: sy wedi mynd, 9n y:n, * he has gone, for one ' .
m, n, 9m, m, 9y, y, particle, yn, used before infinitives to express
the present participle ; — followed by the radical. For the use of
dm, dy before labials and gutturals respectively cf. above (m) ; — 9m
berwi, 9y gweld, etc., are certainly heard, except when unusual
emphasis is required, as may o -m • berwi.
9n, n, y, adj., yn, W.B. col. 67. 8 ; 72. i, 7 ; an, W.B., col. 68. 1 1 ;
88. 21 ; ein, D., ' our '. Takes the radical ; h is prefixed to words
beginning with vowels ; may hi dgest a n la:8 m /, ' she's nearly
the death of us ! ' ; may hi wedi du:ad i y gweld ni; 9n modryb a n
hewyrQ.
9n, 9m, zy, oni, Gen. iv. 7, an interrogative particle expecting
the answer ' yes ', — used before consonants : mi gadwiB 9 du:r 9m
boy&ax 9n 9 teftal nag 9n 9 dgug, 9y grieiQ?, 'the water will keep
hotter in the kettle than in the jug, won't it ? ' ; mi vasa n wel, 9m
basa ?, ' it would be better, wouldn't it ? ' [»/].
9na, na, adv., yna, D., s.v. 'ibi', 'tune*, (i) 'there '(speaking
of a place in sight or where a sound is made within hearing. Cf.
yno) : Kerux dna, ' go there ' ; pu:y sy na?,1 who is there ? ', e. g.
knocking at the door ; do:s o: na, ' go away from there ' ; — in quasi-
adjectival sense after a noun preceded by the article (which is
sometimes omitted), generally in the form na = ' that ', e. g. 9 dy:n
na, ' that man ' ; for na, ' that way '. Here na is often used in a
vaguer sense than the purely adverbial ma (<£
akku\— In vel ma, vel na, ' like that ', ma is use<
(2) ' then ' = Lat. 'tune'.
rni:, pron., nyni, D., ' we ' (emphatic form of ni:) : rni: il /ri:<*
1 we three .
9nml [enni[\.
9no, no, adv., yno, D., ' there ' (in speaking of a place not within
sight) : mi a.' i mo /ok, ' I will go there soon ' (i. e. to bed) ; r o.y* o n
xwertin 9n yu\ na ne:b o:y* mo, ' he was laughing louder than any
one who was there ' ; os fy:t rubaB m mynd > n. .- ma:
nu n/u:r o vo:d 9no, ' if there is anything going on in the town they
are sure to be there '.
9nta, pron., ynteu, D. (conjunctive form of vo:\ ' he also ' : mi r
0:8 mta 9no hevyd, ' he was there too ' ; mi gave* mta garjad ntuyl,
' he got a new love too '. Cf. von/a.
mvyd, adj., ynfyd, D., 'giddy ' (of women— in fig. sense): dma*
9nvyd.
myd, s., ynyd, D. (from Lat. ' initium *) : dy mmtrB myd, ' Shrove
Tuesday '.
mys, s.f, pi. nxo8, ynys, D., ' island ' : mys stirjol, ' Puffin Island ' ;
dnys enti, ' Bardsey '.
9-nhu:, pron., hwynt-hwy, D.; ynnhwy, G.R. 76. 10, 'they'
(emphatic form of nhu:).
9 "yly:n, adv., yg glyn, L.A. 22. 17 ; yngljn, Heb. vi. 9 ; in phrase
9 'nly:n a, ' concerning, in relation to '.
9rro:yd \eri'o:yd\.
9sbaid, s., ysbaid, D., ' space ' (of time).
9s6at7t s., yspail, D. ; ysbeil, W.B. col. 24. 19, ' spoil ' : hiltr nbail
at 2 £iti8 a i gwertiy nu.
9sbryd, s.m., yspryd, D. (i) pi. sbndjon, 'spirit, ghost': kayl
Ion9bux o sbrddjon dru:g, ' to get rid of evil spirits ' ; f hem ubryd/t
term of reproach. (2) pi. sbwdob, 'spirits': tn isal i s6rxio9,
' in low spirits '. (3) ' spirit, mental power ' : rasa n la: /in i
-kerusuni barQ o i dsbryd o, ' I should like to have part of his spirit '
(cf. 2 Kings ii. 9). (4) ' spirit, vigour, " go " ' : dym a dim fru:t mo
vo, dim nerd, dim 9sbryd, dy:n 'dirvawyd. (5) ' spirit, inclination ' :
dim 9sbryd gweiQjo, ' no inclination to work ' ; ma na nu ht.-n 9sbiyd
am bo:b ewin 280 vo am neyd dru:g, ' he is full of all sorts of itching*
to do evil '.
9sgal, s.pl., sing, sgafcn, f., ysgall, D. (Bot.), 'thistle'. Often
corrupted into asgal, pi. es^.
9sgau, s.pl., sing, sgawan, f., ysgaw, D., ' elder-trees ' i kaus tsgau,
' elder-pith '.
ppa
580 dsgavn — "istol
zsgavn, adj., pi. 9sgivnt comp. sgavnax', ysgafn, D., Might' (in
weight) ; Kin sgavnad a fly:an, ' as light as a feather ' ; du i n
sgavnax o fakbuys, ' I am lighter by ten pounds ' ; may o n sgavnax
nayud, ' it is lighter than porridge*. In transferred senses : durnod
bra;v jaun zdi hi i vynd ar lo:n m zsgavn, ' it is a very nice day to go
gently along a high road ' ; klu:ad 9 pen m 9sgavn, ' to feel giddy ' ;
may mhenni n mynd 9n 9sgavn, ' I am growing light-headed ', i. e.
forgetful. Also * affable ' = dym haub i berbyn, gwe:n ar iwymmad.
9sgiby isgib, 9sbig, sbig, s.f., pi. sgiba, ysgub, D. (i) 'sheaf: ma:
nu n rhummo r y:d 9n sgyba, ' they bind the corn in sheaves '. (2)
' broom ' : 9sgib vorasg ' a broom of marram grass ' ; zsgib gty:g,
' a broom of heather ' ; sbig la:u (E.J.), ' hand-brush ' ; ko:ys 9sbig
(E.J.), ' broom handle ' ; sgiba mo:rt ' lobster's horn coralline '
(Antennularia).
9sgol, s.f., pi. sgoljon, ysgol, D., ' school ' : kadu i 9sgol, l to attend
school ' ; dary mi ri'o:yd gayl 9sgolt ' I never went to school ' ; mi
golis 9r 9sgol, ' I was late for school ' ; ysgol fobjol, zsgol bo:b dy:8,
1 day school ' ; 9sgol ra:d, ' National school ' (cf. T.N. 7. 14) ; tori
r isgol, ' to play truant ' ; also ' to break the pledge '.
^sgraf, s.f., pi. zsgrafja, ysgraff, D., ' a large ferry-boat, lighter
for carrying horses and carts, etc/ : zsgraflavan, ' the ferry formerly
crossing the channel at Beaumaris, carrying those who had crossed
the Lavan sands from Aber, etc.' (O.H.).
ysguyd, v., ysgwyd and ysgydwyd, D. Fut. S. i. sgzdwa, 2. sgzdzui,
3. sgadwiB. PI. i.sg^dwan, 2. sgzdwux, 3. sgddwan. Imp. sg^dwun.
Pret. sgriwis. Plup. sgidsun. Imperative sg^dwa, sgzdwux, ' to
shake, to move ; to be loose ' (of teeth, etc.) : / o:ys na dim digon o
wynt i dsguyd 9 briga, ' there is not enough wind to shake the
branches '. Cf. also sgegjo, sg9tjo.
9sguyb, s.f., pi. sgttyda, ysgwydd, D., ' shoulder ' : / 0:8 hi bim ond
at v ysguyb t, { she only came up to my shoulder ' ; kodi sguyfta n
Sigalon, ' to bend one's shoulders through depression of spirits ' ;
tr9ban zsguyS, 'collar-bone'; Dsguyd (= gu8u), 'the neck of a
bottle ' ; 9sguy§ mznyd, ' shoulder of a mountain ' ; r o:$po:b pe:6 ar
i sguyfta vo, ' he had all the responsibility ' ; a i bgad ar i zsguyft,
' looking over one's shoulder, on the look-out ' ; gair dros 9sguyb,
' something said to put some one off ' (i davly ru:in heibjo\ e. g.
saying '* I'll see " to a man asking for work, without the speaker
intending to carry out his promise ; so deyd ar draus dsguyb.
astod, v., ystod, D., ' stadium, curriculum ' ; ' course ' : meun 9stod
pym mbnab ar higjan, ' in the course of twenty-five years ' ; 9n dstod
yr ho:l amsar 9 by:om i 9no, ' during the whole time I was there '.
9stol, s.f., pi. stoljon, ysgol, D., ' ladder ' : fon dslol, « rung of a
ladder ' ; bo:n, bla:yn 9r 9stolt * the lower, upper end of a ladder ' ;
?n mynd i r pen \wi6ig o r 9stol i g9\uyn, ' beginning at the wrong
— rvo: 581
end ' ; tstol vafr, plant-name, ' centaury ', ysgol Fair, H.D.
(Erythraea Centaurium).
istuyQ, adj., comp. stuyBax, ystwyth, D., 'soft, supple, pliant,
agile ' : / ?di nhavod Mm nt tstuyO, * my tongue is not supple ' ;
mer\ istuyB, ' a sprightly girl, gainly in movement ' ; ffdar ntuy€,
1 supple leather ' ; may r Myar *n 9stuy6t l the ground is soft '.
9styn \tstyri\.
istys ; gKtys (O.H.V s.m., pi. sti/*adt Justus, L.A. 1 28. 9 ; ustus,
W.S. [A iustyce]; W.L. xix. 13. 14; G.R. 5. 4; B.C. 60. 31,
1 magistrate ' : tstys hebux, ' justice of the peace '.
9sva, s.f., ysfa, D., s.v. « pruritus* ; ' itch, longing ': may y kodi
ssva, ' it tickles ' ; ma na riu )sva bru:g -arnati, • you have a kind of
itching to do evil '.
ysy, v., ysu, D,, ' vorare, deuorare, absuntere ' ; and s.v. ' prurio f.
( i ) ' to eat away ' : r o:b apgrvaid wedi isy o (O.H .). (a) ' to irritate,
itch'.
wad, evad,yvad, v., yfed, D. Imperative wat l to drink '.
9'vt:, pron., myfi, D., ' I ' (emphatic form of mi:).
rvo:, pron., efo, D., s.v. ' ille ' ; ' he ' (emphatic form o! o:) : rvo:
na:6 i mi xwertin, ' (it was) he (who) made me laugh ' ; vtjy r o.y&
rvo: n deyd, ag vejy ddu inna n deyd ru:an, ' so he said, and so I say
INDEX
IN this Index I have attempted to make the orthography as consistent as
possible, but I occasionally give two forms in the case of spellings consecrated
by long usage. Where no recognized literary form exists I have represented
the pronunciation as nearly as possible in the conventional Modern Welsh spell-
ing. With regard to English sounds, ' j ' represents in all positions the sound of
' j ' in ' joy ' ; ' sh ' at the end of a word represents the sound of ' sh ' in ' ash ' —
in other positions I adopt the conventional spelling l si ' ; ' tch ' represents
in all positions the sound of ' ch ' in ' church ' or ' tch ' in ' catch '.
a (conj.), i
addaw, 140
agalen, 234
amharu, 388
a (interj.), 2
addewid, 4
agen, 4
amheuaeth, 9
a (rel.), 2
addfed, 4
ager, 16
amheus, 9
& (prep.), I
addfedu, 4
agor (s.), 5
amheuthun, 373
aber, 2
addfwyn, 4
agor (v.), 4
amhosibl, 9
Aberffraw, 233,
addod, 4
agored, 5
amhosiblrwydd, 9
1-31
addoli, 4
agoriad, 160
ami, 10
abl, 2
ael, 28
agorwr, 161
amlwg, 10
absen, 81, 1. 12
aelod, 127
agos, 5
amlygu, 10
abwyd, 2
aelwyd, 127
agwedd, 446, 1. 6
amod, 10
acr, 5
aer('air'), 28
ai, 5
amrant, n
acseis, 6
acseisio, 6
aer (' heir '), 28
acres, 127
ail, 5, 344, 1- *9
ail-adrodd, 562,
amrosgo, 27
amryw, n
acsus, 6
aeriaeth, 121
1.42
amser, n
actio, 227, 1. 42
aerio, 121
ail-feddwl, 5
amwys, 10
acw, 6
aeron, 127
ail-wampio, 568,
Amwythig, 381
ach, 6
aerwy, 127
1. la
amyd, n
ach, 6
afagddu, 564
ais, 5
amynedd, 387
achlod, 6
afal, 27
alarch, 7
amyneddgar,
achlust, 6
afallen, 564
alaru, 335
387
achos, 6
afiach, 26
ali, 7
an-, ir
achosi, 6
afiaith, 26
aliocar, 7
anadl, n
achub, 6
afiechyd, 26
altrad, 7
anadlu, n
achwyn, 6
aflafar, 26
altro, 7
anaf, n
achwyngi, 332
aflan, 26
allan, 7
anafod, 392
adar, 3
aflawen, 26
allt, 141
anafu, 392
adeg, 3
afler, 40
alltudio, 7
anafus, U
adeilad, 3
aflerwch, 40
am, 7
anair, n
adeiladu, 3
aflonydd, 26
am bell, 9
anaml, n
aden, 3
aflonyddu, 26
amcan, 10
andras, 11
adladd, 3
aflwydd, 26
amcanus, 10
andwyo, ir
adnabod, 390
afon, 27
amdo, 9
andwyol, 12
adnod, 3
afradlon,i95,1.34
amdoi, 575
anelu, 393
adref, 3
afraid, 27
amddifad, 9
anesmwyth, 12
adroddiad , 240
afreolaidd, 27
amddifadu, 9
anesmwythdra,
1.38
afreolus, 27
amddiffyn, 9
617
adwy, 4
afrywiog, 27
America, 371
anesmwytho, 12
adwyth, 4
afu, 230
ameu, 10
anfantais, 15
adyn, 4
afflau, 194
amgarn, 9
anfanteisiol, 15
Adda, 4
affliw, 4
amgenach, 373
anferth, 15
5«3
onfodlon, 15
anfodd, 15
anwydus, 15
anwyl, 13
arffcdogaid, 131
argae, ai
mgA rf
anfon, 15
anffafriol, 12
anymwybodol, 15
anynad, 15
aigUn, ji
arglwydd, a I
awyr, a«
anffortunus, 12
anystyriacth, 14
artan, Jt
babi, a«
anhapus, 12
anystyriol, 14
arlau, 21
anhawster, 12
anystywallt, 14
arloeai, 337
baco 'ag
anhebyg, 12
angau, 16
arlocswr, 338
anheg, 13
angel, 16
annci
anheilwng, 12
angen, 16
arnodd, a I
baortandio, aa
anhraethol, 14
anhrefn, 13
angenrheidiol, 16
anghaffael, 16
aroglau, 309
aroglcuo, 309
f
bad'
bacwo, 39
anhrefnus, 14
anghariadus, 17
aron, 33
anhwyldeb, ia
anghenus, 16
aros, 33
b h
anhwylus, 12
anghoelio, 16
ars, 33
K^iyll \p
anhyfryd, 12
anghofio, 16
anwyd, 33
bachgcn ao, 6
anial, 13
anghredu, 17
arswydo, a a
. : . \ : . j
anialwch, 13, 395
anghyfleus, 17
arswydus, 33
V^fLJ^A \f*
anifail, 13
anghyffredin, 17
arth, 33
j
anlwc, 13
anghyffyrddus, 17
arthes, a a
bacha, 30
anlwcus, 13
anghynhesol, 16
arthgi, a a
bmcfawr, 30
annaturiol, II
anghynnes, 16
arthio, 33
badlands
annedwydd, 12
anghysbell, 16
arthwraig, 33
^•e. 35
anneheu, 12
anghysur, 16
aruthrol, 23
baedd, 35
anniben, 12
anghysurus, 17
arwain, 23
baeddu, 38, 373
anniddan, 12
anglod, 1 6
arwin, 23
bag, 28
anniddig, 1 2
angof, 1 6
arwydd, a a
bagal, 38
annifyr, 13
angor, 17
arwynol, 33
bagaldio, a8
annioddefol, 13
angori, 17
asen, 23
bmgmtch, 38
anniolchgar, 13
angyles, 1 7
asgell, 23
bmgiad, 39
annos, 13
ar, 17
asgen, 23
bagtao, 39
annosbarthus, 14
ar, 20
asglodyn, 483
. **t
bagln, 29
annuwiol, 13
aradr, 20
asgwra, 23
bai, 39
annwyd, 13
araf, 20
asgyrniog, 488
baich, 35
annwyl, 13
arafu, 453
asiad, 24
bais,35
annymunol, 15
araith, 20
asio, 24
balch,3i
anobaith, 14
arall, 20
at, 24
balchio, 31
anobeithio, 14
arbed, 20
atal (s.), 26
balchter, 31
anobeithiol, 14
arch, 21
atal (v.), 25
baldanio, 31
anodd, 14
archfa, 21
atchad, atchas, 25
balir, 31
anolygus, 13
arch oil, 21
ateb (s.), 35
balog. 31
ansad, 14
archwaeth, 21
ateb (v.), 25
banadl, 31
ansathredig, 14
ardal, 20
atebiad, 25
bancawio. 245
ansefydlog, 14
arddeliad, 21
atebol, 25, 527
bannog, 31
ansefydlogrwydd,
arddelw, 20
atgas, 25
bant, 31
174, 1. 16
ardderchog, 21
atgof, 25
Bangor, 31
antur, 15
arddwr, 21
atgofio, 25
bar, 3«
anturiaeth, 14
arddwrn, 142
atgoffa, 25
bai» ^), 31
anturio, 14
aredig, 454
aur, 28
ban (T.). 3'
anudon, 398
areithio, 21
awch, 26
bar bar, baibwr, 33
anufudd, 15
aren, 20
awchio, 408
barbro, 33
anwadal, 15
arfan, 22
awchus, 408
barcer, 33
anwaraidd, 15
arfer (s), 22
awdurdod, 26
barcio, 33
anwiredd, 15
arfer (v.), 22
awdurdodoi, 26
barclod, 33
anwybodaeth, 15
arferiad, 23
awel, 37
barcUxiaid, 33
anwybodus, 15
arferol, 23
awen, 37
barcty, 33
anwybyddus, 15
arfod, 23
awgrym, 408
anwyd, 13
arffed, 21
awr, 36
baicutan, 33
anwydog, 15
arffedog, 130
Awat, 36
bardd, 32
584
Index
barddoniaeth, 32
bendith, 36
blingo, 41
bonheddig, 43
barf, 33
bendithiol, 36
blith, 42
bonyn, 50
barfog, 33
bentbyca, 36
blocyn, 42
border, 50
bargain, 32
benthyg, 36
blodau, 42
bore (adj.), 50
bargeinio, 32
benyw, 31
bloedd, 42
bore (s.), 50
bargod, 32
herding, berdyn,
bloeddio, 42
bos, 50
bargodi, 32
37
bloesg, 42
bostio, 50
bariaeth, 33
berdio, 36
bloneg, 42
bostwn, 50
baril, 33
berfa, 37
blonhegen, 42
botwm, 50
bario, 33
berfaaid, 37
blonhegog, 42
both, 50
barn, 33
berrau, 36
blotiog, 42
bownd, 51
barnais, 33
berw, 37
blotyn, 42
brae, 51
barneisio, 33
berwedig, 37
blwch, 42
bracty, 51
barnu, 33
berwi, 37
blwydd, 42
brad, 51
barrug, 32
berwr, 37
blwyddiad, 42
bradwr, 51
barugo, 55
betio('bet'), 37
blwyddyn, 42
bradychu, 51
barus, 33
betio (' debate ' ?),
blyddar, 43
braenar, 52
bas, 33
37
blynedd, 43
braenaru, 52
basged, 33
beth, 37
blyneddol, 43
braf, 53
basgedaid, 34
bethma, 38
blys, 43
brag, 51
basn, 34
beudy, 38
blysio, 43
bragu, 51
bastart, 34
beunydd, 38
blysiog, 43
bragwr, 51
batio, 34
bic, 38
bo, 43
braich, 53
ball, 34
biff, 38
boba, 43
braidd, 51
batog, 34
bildio, 38
bocs, 48
braint, 51
bath = math, 34
bili dwcar, 38
bocsiad, 49
bran, 51
baw, 34
biliffwdan, 38,617
boch, 49
bran, 51
bawa, 34
bilwg, 38
bochgoch, 49
bras, 52
bawaidd, 35
bitch, 38
bochio, 49
brasbwyth, 52
bawd, 34
biwsffwl, 38
bochlaes, 49
brasgamu, 52
bawiach, 34
biwsio, 38
bod, 43
brashollt, 52
bawlyd, 51
biwslyd, 38
bodan, 48
bras-hollti, 52
Beaumaris, 38
blacan, 39
bodio, 48
bras-holltwr, 52
becar, 36
blaen (adj.), 40
bodlema, 48
braster, 53
been, 36
blaen (s.), 39
bodleman, 48
brasterog, 52
becsio, 36
blaenad, 41
bodlon, 48
brastod, 52
becwn, 36
blaenbost, 41
bodloni, 48
brat, 52
becws, 36
blaenio, 40
bodlonrwydd, 48
bratngi, 52
bed, 35
blaenion, 40
bod yg un, 48
brathiad, 52
bedlan, 35
blaenllaw, 41
bodyn, 48
brathog, 52
bedw, 35
blaenllym, 41
bodd, 48
brathu, 52
bedydd, 35
blaenor, 41
boddi, 48
brau, 53
bedyddio, 35
blaenori, 41
boddran, 48
braw, 53
bedd, 35
blagur, 39
bogail, 48
brawd, 53
begio, 35
blaguro, 39
boi, 48
brebog, 53
behafio, 38
blaidd, 39
bol, 49
brebwl, 53
beibl, 35
bias, 39
bolgi, 49
breci, 54
beichio, 35
blasio, 39
boliad, 49
brecwast, 54
beichiog, 35
blasus, 39
boliog, 49
brecwesta, 54
beiddgar, 35
blawd, 39
bolol, 49
brech, 54
beiddio, 369
Bleddyn, 40
bon, 49
brechtan, 54
beili, 35
bleind, 40
bonat, 50
brefu, 55
beintin, 35
blew, 40
bonbren, 49
bregliach (s.), 53
beio, 36
blewiach, 41
bonclust, 50
bregliach (v.), 53
bele, 36
blewog, 41
boncyff, 50
breib, 53
Beliffegor, 36
blewyna, 41
bondew, 50
breibio, 53
bellach, 36
blin, 41
bondo, 50
breibiwr, 53
bendigaid (?), 567
blinedig, 41
bondog, 50
brenhines, 54
bendigedig, 36
blino, 41
bonddu, 50
brenin, 54
Index 585
brensiach, 54
brensiwn, 54
brwmstan, 58
brwnt, 58
bwl, bwlaitch, 60
bwlat, 60
byih*»,68.6i7
brest, 54
brws, 58
bwlch, 60
' \ »' H ' " "
brestio, 54
brwsio, 58
hwlffyn, OO
byrttfM,*
bresych, 54
brwydr, 58
bwli, 60
bresys, 54
brwyn, 58
bwlto, 60
bytmaat.68
bretyn, 54
brethyn, 54
brwyniad, 58
brych (adj.), 58
bwlragiwr, 61
bwiitia, 61
breuddwyd, 55
brych(s.),58
bwmbatch, 61
bytheirio', 66
breuddwydio, 53
brychau, 59
bwn, 3, 1. a6
bythol,6«
breuo, 55
brychedyn, 59
bwmlal, 6l
byw (adj.), 66
bri, 55
briallu, 54
brychni, 59
bryd (adv.), 58
bwn», 61
bwnglar, 61
b£&?'s"
bricbyst, 55
bryd (s.), 58
bwnijwl, 6 1
bywiogi, 66
brics, 55
brydio, 59
bwrdd, 61
bywyd, 51
brld, 55
brygawthan, 59
bwriad, 61
brig, 55
bryn, 58
bwriadu, 6 1
brigan, 55
bryntni, 59
bwrlymu, 68
cabalatcho, 131
brigog, 55
bryntwch, 59
bwrn, 61
cabaa, 331
brigwyn, 55
brys, 58
bwrw, 6 1
cabarddalio, 331
brigyn, 55
brysglwyni, 59
bwsan, 6 a
ca batch, 231
brisin, 55
brysio, 59
bwt, 6a, 449, 1. a
cabatcbo, 331
brits, 55
brysiog, 59
bwtchar, 6 a
cabin, 331
brith, 56
buan, 63
bwtchas, 6 a
cablwr, 331
brithan, 66, 1. 42
buarth, 63
bwti, 6a, 453, 1.
caca, 333
brithgig, 56
brithgof, 56
buchedd, 64
buches, 64
16
bwtog, 6a
cacamwci, 333
cacao, 333
britho, 56
budr, 64
bwtri, 6a
cacwn, 333
brithwyn, 56
brithyll, 56
budreddi, 64
budd, 64
bwthyn, 6a
bwyall, 571
cacynea, 333
cmcbgi, 334
briw, 56
buddai, 64
bwyd, 6a
cachn, 334
briwar, 57,617
buddiol, 38
bwydo, 63
cadach, 331
briwlio, 56
bugail, 38
bwystfil, 6 a
cadair, 333
briwo, 56
bugeilio, 38
bwyta, 65
cadaro, 333
briws, 56
burgyn, 64
bwytawr, 65
Cadi, 333
briwsion, 56
burum, 64
bwyteig, 65
cadlas, 333
briwsioni, 56
busnes, 65
bychan, 67
cadw, 333
briwsionllyd, 56
busnesgar, 65
bychanu, 67
cadw-mi-gd, 333
brivvsyn, 56
busneslyd, 65
byd, 63
cae, 346
bro, 57
busnesu, 65
bydimian, 66
caead iadj.\ 155
broc, 57
bustach, 65
bydio, 67
caead (•.). 355
broch, 57
bustachu, 68
bydol, 67
cael, 347, 419,
brochi, 57
bustl, 65
bydwraig, 64
1.31
brochlyd, 57
buwch, 66
byddar, 67
caenen. 356
brodio, 57
bw, 59
byddaru, 67
caer, 348
V. 1 te
byirwth (s.) 60
Caeroarfon. 373
oroi, a 7
brolio, 57
broliwr, 57
bwa, 59
bwbach, 59
bwced, 60
bygwth (v.), 60
bygythio, 67
caetb, 348
caethdra, 356
brolog, 57
bwcedaid, 67
bylchog, 67
caclhiwed, 351
bron (adv.), 57
bron (s.), 57
bwcs, 60
bwcsio, 60
bylcho, 67
bynafus, 43
caethiwo, 351
caethiwui, 351
bronfraith, 57
bwcslyd, 60
bynafyd, 43
<*f«iw*t 345
bron wen, 57
bwcwl, 60
bynnag, 67
c*fa» >45» 198»
browes, 57, 400,
bwch, 60
bwchan, 60
byns, 67
byr, 64
L u
cafndra, 346
brown, 57, 617
bwchyn, 60
byrbwyll, 67
cafaio, 346
bruchen, brychen,
58
bwff, 59
bwgan, 59
byrbwylltra, 67
byrdwn, 67, 387
c.ift/iniplcnicr.:' .
brvvd, 58
bwt, 63
byrddio, 68
333
586
Index
caffio ('snatch'),
can, 237
carfan, 343
catris, 244
233
can an, 237
cariad, 241
catch, 244
caffio ('use a caff'),
cancr, 239
cariadus, 241
cath, 245
233
cancro, 239
carictor, 241
cau (adj.), 246
caib, 233
caneitio, 274, 618
caridryms, 253,
cau (v.), 246
cainc, 233
canhwyllbren, 276
1. 26
cauad [caead]
cais, 233
caniad, 237
cario, 241
cauedig, 256
cal, 234
caniatad, 237
cariwr, 241
caul, 246, 618
calan, 234
caniatau, 237, 618
carlam, 241
cawell, 246
calan gaeaf, 234,
canlyn, 235
carlamu, 241
cawg, 245
261
canlynwraig, 273
carlwm, 242
cawgaid, 287
calan Mai, 234,
canllath, 237
carllwyd, 243
cawgen, 287
261
canllaw, 238
carllyd, 242
cawn, 245
calap, 234
canmol, 236
cam 242
cawod, 246
calcic, 234
canmoliaeth, 236
carnedd, 242
cawodog, 246
calch, 234
cannu, 238
carnewian, 242
cawr, 245
calchen, 234
cannwyll, 238
carniahvn, 275
cawres, 288
caled, 234
canol, 238
carnlleidr, 242
caws, 245
caledi, 262
cansan, 238
carp, 242
cawsio, 288
caledu, 262
cant (' hundred'),
carpan, 242
cebystr, 249
caledwch, 262
238
carped, 242
cecru, 251
calennig, 264
cant (of a wheel),
carpiog, 242
cecrus, 251
calon, 234
238
carra, 240
cecryn, 251
calondid, 268
cantel, 238
carrai, 240
ceden, 249
calonnog, 268
cantores, 238
carraid, 240
cedor, 249
calpio, 234, 251
cantwr, 238
carreg, 240
cefn, 254
call, 235
cantwraig, 238
carsiwn, 242
cefnderw, 255
callineb, 235
canthrig, 238
cartref, 242
cefndras, 255
callino, 235
canu, 239
cartrefol, 243
cefnen, 255
cam (adj.), 235
canwaith, 239
cartrefu, 243
cefngor, 255
cam ('step'), 235
canwr, 238
earth, 243
cefnog, 255
cam (' wrong ')
canwyn, 239
earthen, 243
cefnu, 255
235
canwyr, 276
carthu, 243
ceffyl, 249
cambren, 235
cangen, 239
caru, 243
ceg, 249
camdra, 236
cap, 239
carw, 243
cega, 249
camdreuliad, 236
capel, 239
carwden, 243
cegiad, 250
camdriniaeth, 236
capio, 239
carwr, 243
cegid, 250
camdro, 236
capten, 239
cas('case'), 243
cegin, 250
camddywedyd,
car, 239
cas (' hateful '),
cegoer, 250
236
car, 240
243
cegog, 250
camedd, 236
carat ch (' car-
cas (' hatred '),
cegwm, 250
cameg, 236
riage '), 240
243
cegwst, 250
camfa, 236
caratch(' carrots '),
caseg, 244
cei, 250
camgymeriad, 236
240
casgen, 244
ceibio, 250
camgymeryd, 236
carban, 240
casgiad, 244
ceiliagwydd, 261
camp, 236
carbwl, 240
casgl, 244
ceiliog, 250
campio, 237
carcas, 241
casgliad, 244
ceilioges, 250
campus, 237
carcwd, 241
casglu, 244
ceilys, 256
camu (' bend '),
carchar, 241
cashau, 244, 618
ceilliau, 250
236
carcharu, 241
casio, 244
ceinioca, 275
camu (« step '),
cardio, 240
casol, 244
ceiniocwr, 275
236
cardod, 253
cast, 244
ceiniog, 250
camweithio, 237
cardota, 241
cast, 244
ceiniogwerth, 274
camwr, 236
cardotes, 241
castell, 244
ceirch, 250
camystum, 337
cardotyn, 241
castiog, 244
ceirchen, 250
can(«can',s.),237
cardyn, 241
cat, 244
ceisio, 250
can ('hundred),
caredig, 241
cataid, 244
eel, celsan, 251
237
caredigrwydd, 241
catel, 245
celain, 251
can (< white'), 237
caregog, 293
Catrin, 244
celbryn, 251
/„•/. .V
S«T
celc, 251
ceulo, 256
clarc, 261
dip chin 0,265
celcio, 251
ci. 256
clarcio, 26 1
3 •, in
celfi, 251
claidd, 256
clatch (of bread),
:,;-:., m
celffyn, 251
cibau, 256
261
>>.<'>'>
celog, 251
cibddall, 256
datch (ffwn c,),
celpan, 251
cibog, 257
261
- ' '
celpio, 251
cibyn, 256
clatcho, 261
celwydd, 251
cibynaid, 314
clatchwr, 261
dob,,*
celwyddog, 271
celwyddwr, 271
cic, 257
cicio, 257
claumr, 265
clawdd, 261
celyn, 252
cics, 257
debar (».), 264
lei lo j'.'«
cell, 252
cidyll, 257
debar (v.), 262
• ' r -•'''•
cellwnir, 252
cieidd-dra, 257
clebran, 262
cellweirus, 252
cieiddlyd, 257
dec, 263
doc, 267
cemffro, 252
cig, 257
clecian, 263
clodwr, 267
cen, 252
cigfran, 257
clechor, 263
: - •, .•.:
cenadwri, 252
ciglyd, 257
cledr, 262
CIOCSJWT. 267
cenau, 252, 445,
cignoeth, 257
cleddyf, 262
doch, 267
1-35
cigog, 257
clegr, 262
clocbderan, 268
cenawes, 274
cenedl, 252
cigwain, 257
cil, 258
cleidir, 262
cleifis, 263
clocnydd', 268
cenfigen, 320
cilbost, 258
cleimio, 263
dod 366
cenfigenllyd, 252
cilcyn, 258
cleinsio, 263
cloddio, 267
cenlli goch, 146
cildynnu, 258
cleiog, 263
doddiwr, 367
cenllysg, 252
cildynnus, 258
cleiriach, 263
doer, 267
cennad, 252
cilddant, 258
cleisio, 263
clofer, 369
cennin, 259
cilfach, 258
clem (' patch '),
cloferog, 269
cengl, 252
cenglog, 252
cenglu, 253
cilio, 258
cimwch, 259
cinio, 259
263
clem (' starva-
tion'), 263
Cloff, 207
doffi, 267
cloffni, 267
cer, 253
cinyn, 259
cleman, 264
cloffrwym, 367
cerbyd, 253
cer dyms, 253
cing, 259
cingroen, 259
clemio ('patch'),
263
dogwyn, 367
clogyrnaidd, 267
cerdded, 253
cingroengast, 298
clemio (' starve '),
cloi, 267
cerddediad, 253
cingroengi, 298
263
clompan, 268
cerddwr, 253
cerfio, 254
cip, 259
cipar, 260
clemp, 264
clempan, 264
clompyn, 268
done (adj.), >68
ceriach, 253
cipio, 260
clen, 264
clone (sonnd),
cerlyn, 253
cipolwg, 260
clenc, 264
268
cern, 253
cis, 260
clenciog, 264
clone (' slant •).
cernan, 253
cis, 260
clep, 264
268
cerpyn, 253
cist, 260
clepach, 294
cloncian, 268
cert, 253
civvar, 260
clepgi, 264
cloncio, 268
certar, 254
ciwed, 260
clepian, 264
donciog, 268
certiwr, 254
ciw pi, 260
clepyn, 264
cloncwy, 269
certmon, 254
ciwrio, 260
clerc, 264
clondro, 261
cerwyn, 146
claddu, 260
clercian, 265
cloren, 260
cerydd, 254
claf, 262
clert, 265
dorian, 269
ceryn (' imple-
ment, &c.'), 254
clafr, 262
clai, 261
clertian, 265
clertog, 265
cloriannu, 269
doa,269
ceryn (bird), 254
cesail, 254
ceseiliad, 322
clais, 261
clamp, 261
clampan, 261
clesbyn, 265
clewt, 265
clewtan, 265
cl&*, 269
closio, 269
clowdio, 369
/ u
cetal, 254
cetlan, 254
cetog, 254
clandro, 261
clap (' lump '),
261
cliaran, 266
clicied, 265
climach, 271
clows, 369
dowsio, 269
dowt, 369
cetyn, 254
cethin, 254
clap (' sneak '),
261
clincwm, 265
clip ('edipse*),
cludo, 371
clat. 271
ceulan, 256
clapiog, 261
265
clulbo, 271
588
Index
clun, 271
cnotyn, 275
coeth, 290
corddiad, 284
cluro, 272
cnowr, 273
coethi, 280
corddwr, 284
clust, 272
cnu, 276
cof, 276
cored, 159
clusten, 272
cnuch, 275
cofto, 288
corff, 284
clustfeinio, 272
cnwd, 276
cofiwr, 289
corffolaeth, 284
clustiog, 266
cnwyad, 276
coflaid, 287
corfforol, 284
clustochi, 272
cnyfio, 276
cofleidio, 288
corfTyn, 284
clustog (adj.), 272
cob (/ embank-
cofus, 289
corgi, 284
clustog (s.), 272
ment'), 276
coffa, 279
corlan, 285
clustogaidd, 272
cob ('horse'), 2 76
com, 279
com, 285
clustogyn, 272
coban, 276
cofftio, 279
cornas, 285
clwb, 270
cobio, 276
cog, 156
corn-briddo, 285
clwbio, 270
cobler, 276
cogail, 279
cornchwigl, 285
clwcian, 270
coblio, 276
cogio, 279
cornel, 285
clwff, 270
coblyn ("cob-
cogiwr, 280
cornelog, 285
clwffyn, 270
bler"), 277
cogor, 280
corn-gynnadd, 285
clwmo, 272, 1. 44
coblyn ('goblin'),
cogwrn, 280
cornio, 285
clwstwr, 270
277
col, 281
corniog, 285
clwt, 270
cocian, 280
colbio, 281
corniwr, 285
clwyd, 271
cocio, 280
colbiwr, 281
cornwyd, 286
clwyden, 271
cocos, 280
colbren, 281
coron, 286
clwydo, 271
cocyn, 280
coler, 281
corpws, 286
clwyf, 271
coch, 280
colera, 281
corrach, 284
clwyib, 271
cochan, 66, 1. 43
coliog, 281
cors, 286
clwyfus, 271
cochddu, 281
col ma, 210
corsen, 286
clyd, 271
cochi, 281
colomen, 268
corsog, 286
clyfar, 273
cochlwyd, 281
colsyn, 281
cortyn, 286
clymog, 272
cochni, 281
coluddion, 21
corwynt, 286
clymu, 272
cod, 277
colyn, 281
coryn, 286
clytchwr, 273
cod, 277
coll, 281
cosb, 286
clytio, 273
coden, 277
colled, 281
cosbi, 286
clytiog, 273
codi, 277
colledwr, 282
cosfa, 287
clytyn, 271
codiad, 278
colli, 282
cosi, 286
clyw, 272
codl, 279
com, 282
coslyd, 286
clywed, 269
codlan, 279
comio, 282
cost, 286
cna, cnaf, 273
codlas, 279
concro, 283
costio, 286
cnafaidd, 273
codlian, 279
concwerwr, 283
costog, 286
cnap, 273
codlio, 279
cono, 282
costus, 287
cnapen, 273
codlo, 279
constant, 283
cosyn, 287
cnapian, cnapio,
codlwr, 279
constro, 283
cot, 287
273
codlyn, 279
constrwr, 283
cotch, 287
cnapiog, 273
codog, 279
Conwy, 283
cotes, 287
cnapyn, 273
codwm, 279
conyn, 283
cotio, 287
cnau, 274
codwr, 279
congl, 283
coton, 287
cnawd, 273
codymu, 279
conglog, 283
cotral, 287
cnecs, 274
codymwr, 279
congran, 283
cotwm, 287
cneifio, 274
coed, 289
cop (/ spider'), 283
cowciau, 287
cneifiwr, 274
coedio, 280
cop (call to
cowdal, 287
cnepyn, 274
coedog, 280
horse), 283
cowjan, 287
cnewian, 242
coeg, 289
copa, 283
cownslar, 288
cnewyllyn, 276
coegi, 280
copi, 284
cownt ('account'),
cnidw, 275
cnipws, 266
coeglyd, 289
coegni, 280
copio, 283
copis, 284
288
cownt (' count '),
cniw, 275
coel, 289
copog, 284
288
cnoc, 275
coelcerth, 281
copr, 284
cowntio, 288
cnocell, 298
coelio, 311
cor, 284
cowntiwr, 288
cnocio, 275
coes, 290
corcas, 284
cowper, 288
cnofa, 275
coesgoch, 290
corcyn, 284
cowpog, 288
cnoi, 275
coesnoeth, 290
corddi, 284
cowrt, 288
Art*
cowrtio, 288
crefyddol, 305
croch, 398
cnrcwd, 301
cowt, 288
crefft, 293
crochan, 398
Twouwtt, 301
era, 290
crab (of a cart),
crefftwr, 293
crehyr, 293, 303
croen.399
eroen-denen, 300
cnrmp, 303
cnra,}oi
290
creinon, 294
croendew, 300
cnrnar, 301
crab ('smallest pig
creisio, 293
crocnen, 300
criKt, 303
of a litter'),
creision, 293
croengi, 397,619
crwtvn, 301
290
creisiwr, 294
croemo, 397
cnrth, 303
crabio, 290
creithen, 294
crocniog, 397
crwthi, jof
crablyd, 290
crac, 291
crempog, 294
crentch, 294
crocnllwm, 487,
1. 16
crwydmfig. 303
cracio, 291
creu, 294
croet (adj.), 300
crwydro, 303
crach, 291
creu4on, 294
croes (t.), 300
.jwywyfc, 3O3
crachgoed, 291
crewtio, 294
croesaw, 301
cryban, 303
eraf, 390
crewyn, 294
croesawgar, 301
cr7Liad, 303
crafanc, 292
cri, 294
croesawu, 300
crybibioo, 303
crafangu, 292
criafol, 296
croes-dynnu, 301
crybio, 303
crafat, 292
crib, 294,619
croesi, 397
crybwyll, 303, 50
erafiad, 292
crib-ddeilio, 294
crog, 297
crydad, 303
crafu, 292
cribinio, 294
crogen, 297
cT7ch (adj.), 303
crafwr, 292
cribinion, 294
crogi, 297
crych (•.), 303
craff (adj.), 290
criblyn, 295
croglith, 297
crychiad, 303
craff (s.), 290
cribo, 295
crogwr, 397
07chias, 304
craffu, 290
cribog, 295
crombil, 298
crychlyd, 304
craffus, 290
cribyn, 294
cronfa, 398
crycha, 304
cragen, 297
eric, 295
cronni. 298
cryd, 302
crai (canu ei grai\
cricied, 295
crop (of bird), 398
c^rdd, 303
290
eric y cymalau,
crop (of com,
cryf,303
crai (tanlli grai),
302
&c.), 298
«7faglacb, 393
291
criglyn, 295
cropa, 298
cnrfdwr, 305
craig, 291
crimog, 295
cropian, 298
cryfhau, 303, 619
craith, 291
crimp, 295
cropio, 298
cryg, 303
era men, 291
crimpan, 295
croth, 298
crygni, 303
crane, 291
crimpin, 295
crothell, 299
cry go. 3<>3
cranci, 291
crimpio (' to ask ')
crothog, 299
cry man, 304
crand, 291
295
crowc, 299
cryminstin, 395
crandrwydd, 291
crimpio (' to be
crowcian, 299
crymu, 304
crap, 291
burnt'), 295
crowcio, 299
cryn, 303
crapio, 291
crin, 295
crowcwellt, 299
cryndod, 304
eras, 292
crino, 295
crowd al, 299
crynhoi, 304
crasog, 292
crinsian, 296
crowdi, 299
crynlo, 304
crasu, 292
crint, 296
crowpar, 299
cryno, 304
cratcb-C stomach')
crintach, 296
crowsiau, 299
cnrnswlh, 304
292
crintachlyd, 296
crowsio, 299
crynu, 304
cratch (torn yn
criutachrwydd,
croyw, 301
cryX 303
gratch), 292
296
crud, 302
crys, 303
crau, 290
crio, 296, 619
crugleisio, 293
or) sbais, 304
era wen, 293
cripiad, 206
cruglyn, 295
07*70, 304
crawio, 292
cripil, 296
cruglys, 295
cuchiau, .
creadur, 296
cripio, 296
crwb ('croup )
cuchio, 357
creadnres, 303
Crist, 296
301
cuchiog, 258
erebach, 294
Cristion, 296
crwb (' lump '>
cudyn, 315
crebachlyd, 303
crebaehu, 303
Cristionogol, 296
criw, 296
301
crwb ('stomach*)
cudd, 313
cnddio, 257
cred, 293
criwr, 296
301
col, 313
credo, 293
criws, 296
crwbi, 301
cul, 3«3
credu, 293
crocbren, 298
erwbio, 301
culbran, 313
crefu, 294
crocbris, 298
crwbyn, 301
culhau, 313,619
crefydd, 294
crocsan, 298
crwc, 301
cunnog, 313
590
Index
cur, 313
cwpanaden, 413
cychwr, 316
cyfoeth, 326
curad, 260
cwpanaid, 307
cychwyn, 316
cyfoethog, 312
curfa, 309
cwpanu, 307
cychwyniad, 316
cyfog, 326
curiad, 260
cwpl, 308
cyd (ar y cyd),
cyfogi, 326
curio, 260
cwplws, 307
312
cyfraith, 326
curlaw, 314
cwpwrdd, 308
cyd (cyhyd), 312
cyfran, 326
curnen, 321
cwr, 308
cyd-, 312
cyfrdwy, 326
euro, 314
cwrach, 308
cydaid, 314
cyfreithlon, 326
curwr, 314
cwrban, 308
cydfyned, 312
cyfrif(s.), 326
cusan, 314
cwrbannu, 308
cydiad, 315
cyfrif (v.), 326
cusanu, 314
cwrbitch, 308
cydied, 315, 520,
cyfrio, 326
cuwch, 257
cwrbitcho, 308
1. 26
cyfrodedd, 326
c\v, 305
cwrcwd, 308
cydio, 315
cyfrodeddu, 303
cwac, 310
cwrcydu, 308
cydmaru, 315
cyfrwy, 326
cwac, cwat, 310
cwrlid, 308
cydnabod(s.),3I5
cyfrwyo, 326
cwafar, 311
cwrnad (s.), 308
cydnabod (v.),3i5
cyfrwys, 326
cwafrio, 311
cwrnad (v.), 308
cydnabyddiaeth,
cyfrwystra, 326
cwarel, 310
cwrs, 309
3H
cyfuwch, 314
cwbl, 305
cwrtais, 309
cydnabyddus, 314
cyfyl, 326
cwc, 305
cwrtans, 309
cydol, 315
cyfyng, 325
cwcri, 305
cwrw, 309
cydwybod, 315
cyfyrdyr, 326
cwch, 305
cwsberins, 309
cyfaddef, 324
cyff, 313
cwd, 305
cwsg, 309
cyfaill, 324
cyffelyb, 315
cwderbyn, 305
cwsiat, 309
cyfan, 324
cyffelybu, 315
cwdsach, 305
cwsmar, 309
cyfansoddiad, 324
cyffiniau, 315
cwdyn, 305
cwsnio, 309
cyfar, 324
cyffio, 315
cwecian, 311
cwt ('sty'), 309
cyfarch, 324
cyffoden, 48
cwein, 311!
cwt f tail '), 309
cyfarchwal, 324
cyffredin, 315
cweinio, 311
cwta, 310
cyfarfod (s.), 311
cyffro, 315
cweir, 311
cwtch, 310
cyfarfod (v.), 311
cyffroi, 315
cweitio, 311
cwtcha, 310
cyfarth, 324
cyffrous, 316
cweitis, 311
cwtcho (' look
cyfarwydd, 324
cyffwrdd, 316
cweryl, 311
ill'). 3io
cyfeiliorn, 324
cyffylog, 316
cwest, 311
cwtcho (' store po-
cyfeiliorni, 324
cyffyrddus, 316
cwesta, 311
tatoes '), 310
cyfeillach, 325
cyhoedd, 289
cwestiwn, 311
cwter, 310
cyfeillgar, 325
cyhyd, 312
cwffans, 305
cwtfys, 310
cyfeiriad, 325
cylch, 313
cwffio, 305
cwtio, 309
cyfeirio, 325
cylchog, 316
cwic, 312
cwtogi, 310
cyfelin, 325
cylchu, 316
cwicio, 312
cwtws, 310
cyfer, 324
cylchwr, 316
cwils, 312
cwtyn, 310
cyferbyn, 325
cylchyn, 316
cwircio, 312
cwthwal, 310
cyferbyniol, 325
cylfat, 316
cwircyn, 312
cwymp, 312
cyferdderes, 326
cyll, 313
cwit, 312
cwympiad, 312
cyflaith, 325
cyllell, 316
cwla, 306
cwympo, 312
cyflawn, 325
cyllellod, 346
cwlin, 306
cwyn, 310
cyflawnder, 325
cymaint, 258
cwlio, 306
cwyno, 312
cyflawni, 325
cymal, 317, 126,
cwlwm, 306
cwyr, 310
cyfle, 325
1. 28, 302, 1. 31
cwlltwr, 306
cwys, 310
cyflenwad, 325
cymdeithas, 316
cwm, 306
cwyso, 310
cyfleus, 325
cymell, 317
cwman, 307
cybaldian, 314
cyfleustra, 325
cymeriad, 317
cwmanu, 306
cybol, 314
cyflo, 325
cymeryd, 317
cwmni, 307
cybolan, 314
cyflog, 325
cymharu, 315
cwmpas, 307
cyboli, 314
cyflogi, 267
cymodi, 317
cwmpeini, 307
cybol wr, 314
cyflym, 325
cymonas, 317
cwmwl, 307
cybydd, 314
cyfnewidiad, 325
cymowt, 318
cwna, 307
cybydd-dod, 314
cyfnewidiol, 326
cymowta, 318
cwningen, 188
cybyddlyd, 314
cyfnither, 275
Cymraeg (adj.),
cwpan, 308
cychaid, 316
cyfnod, 326
3i8
fcfcr
59'
Cymraeg(s.), 318
Cymraes, 318
cyunull, 320
cynnwrf, 330
cytono, 333
cythlwng, 310
chweipiwr, 330
cbwcitwasb, 330
Cymreig, 318
cynnwyi (adj.),
cythraul, 333
chwcitwa»io, 330
Cymreigaidd, 318
320
cythreulig, 324
cbwelp, 331
Cymro, 318
cynnwys (v.), 307
cythro, 324
chweliiio, 331
Cymru, 318
cynnydd, 320
cythrwfl, 310
chwelUlb, 331
cymun, 317
cynnyg (*.), 3 '9
cythryblio, 324
chwcnnych, 331
cymwynas, 318
cynnyg(v.),3>9
cytbryblu*, 324
chwephunt. 619
cymwys, 307
cynnyrch, 320
cyw, 260
chwepbwyt, 619
cymydog, 318
cynrhon, 320
cywair, 289
chwerthin, 331
cymydogaeth, 316
cynrhoni, 322
cywarCh, 289
chwertbinUd, 331
cymydoges, 316
cynsidro, 320
cyweirio, 31 1
chwcnhmllyd,33i
cymydogol, 317
cynt, 313
cyweiriwr, 311
chwcrthwr, 331
cymylog, 318
cyntaf, 320
cywen, 289
chwcrw, 331
cyinyrraeth, 318
cyntreifio, 320
cywilydd, 312
chwcrwdod, 331
cymysg, 317
cyntreifiol, 320
cywilyddio, 288
chwcrwlym, 327
cymysgfa, 318
cymysglyd, 318
cyntun, 320
cynulleidfa, 319
cywilydd us, 288
cywir, 289
chwengain, 330
chwi, 327
cymysgu, 318
cynyddu, 321
cywrain, 288
chwibanud, 331
cyn ('so, as'), 2*9
cynygiad, 275
chwibaoogl, 333
cyn (' before ),
cynyn, 321
chadal, 327
chwibanu, 327
259
cynysgaeth, 321
chwa, 328
cbwiff, 332
cyn, 313
cyngor, 321
chwacr, 330
chwiffiad, 333
cyndyn, 318
cyplu, 321
chwain, 328
chwll, 333
cyndynrwydd,3i9
cynddaredd, 315
cyplysu, 321
cyps, 321
chwaith(adv.),328
chwaith (s.), 330
chwilboeth, 332
chwildrins, 332
cynddeiriog, 319
cyrans, 321
chwalfa, 328
chwilcn, 332
cynddeiriogi, 321
cyrchu, 321
chwain, 328
chwilfriw, 332
cynefin (adj.), 274
cyrlaes, 321
chwalwr, 328
chwilfTatha, 332
cynefin (s.), 274
cyrliad, 321
chwaneg, 328
chwilgi, 332
cynefino, 325
cyrliog, 321
chwanegu, 328
chwilio, 332
cynfas, 320
cyrnadu, 321
chwannog, 329
chwilota, 327
cynffon, 306
cyrnol, 321
chwant, 329
chwim (adj.), 332
cynffongi, 307
cyrnopyn, 322
chwantio, 329
chwim (s.), 332
cynffonllyd, 306
cyrraedd, 321
chwantus, 329
chwim-chwam,
cynffonna, 306
cyrtan, 322
chwarae (s.), 329
33»
cynffonnes, 306
cysact, 322
chwarae (v.), 329
chwimio, 333
cynffonnog, 307
cysamio, 322
chwarel ('pane'),
chwinc, 332
cynffonnwr, 307
cysat, 322
329
chwinciad, 333
cynhaeaf, 274
cyset, 322
chwarel ('quarry'),
chwincian, 333
cynhaeafu, 273
cysetlyd, 322
329 ,
chwinclyn, 333
cynhaliaeth, 319
cysgadur, 322
chwarelwr, 329
chwip, 333
cynhebrwng, 274
cysgod, 322
chwareus, 329
chwipio, 333
cynhesfwyd, 276
cysgodi, 322
chwarfan, 330
chwipyn, 333
cynhesol, 274
cysgu, 322
ch warren, 329
chwirligvrgon,327
cynhesrwydd, 274
cystal, 322
chwart, 329
chwisl, 333
cynhesu, 274
cystudd, 323
chwarter, 330
chwislo, 333
cynhinyn, 259
cystwyo, 309
chwat, 330
cbwistlen, 333
cynhyrfiad, 319
cysur, 323
chwech, 330
chwistrell, 333
cynhyrflyd, 319
cysuro, 323
chweched, 331
chwistro, 333
cynhyrfu, 319
cysurus, 323
chwedl, 327, 330
chwit-chwat, 333
cynhyrfus, 319
cysylltiad, 323
chwedla, 330
chwithn, 333
cynifer, 319
cysylltiol, 323
chwedleues, 330
chwith, 333
cynilo, 275
cysylltu, 323
chwedlwr, 330
chwithau, 327
cynnal, 319
J J ' ** **
cyt, 3*3
Chwefror, 331
chwithdod, 333
cynnar, 319
cytew, 323
chweil, 330
chwithig, 333
cynnes, 319
cyttin, 323
chweinllyd, 330
chwiw, 333
cynneu, 319
cynnil, 320
cytundeb, 323
cytuniad, 323
chweip, 330
chweipan, 330
cbwiwio, 334
chwrlio, 327
592
Index
chwrnas, 327
dallineb, 73
deilio (' come into
diagan, 96
chwychwi, 575
dallu, 73
leaf), 77
diail, 96
chwydu, 327
chwydd, 328
damwain, 73
damweiniol, 73
deilio (' deal '), 77
deiliwr(< dealer'),
diaist, 96
dial, 8 1
chwyddo, 334
dan [tan]
77
dialedd, 81
chwyfio, 332, 334
danadl, 72
deiliwr ('herbal-
dialgar, 81
chwyn, 334
dandlio, dandlwn,
ist'), 77
di-allu, 8 1
chwynnu, 327
daldwn, 73
deimon, 77
di-amcan, 81
chwyrn, 334
danfon, 73
deintio, 77
di-amynedd, 95
chwyrnu, 328
danheddog, 73
deintur, 109
Dian, 81
chwyrn wr, 328
dannodd, 564
deintyddiaeth, 77
dian, 96
chwys, 334
dant, 71
del, 78
di-anaf, 8 1
chwysigen, 512
dangos, 73
delw, 78
dianc, 78
chwyslyd, 328
darbwyllo, 74
delwi, 78
diar, 81
chwysu, 328
darfod, 74
den, 78
di-arddelw, 81
chwythad, 328
darfodedig, 75
denu, 78
diasbedain, 474
chwythu, 328
daria, 74
dengar, 78
di-asgwrn, 82
darllaw, 74
dengwaith, 78
diawch, 97
da (adj.), 69
darllen, 74
deor, no'
diawl, 97
da (s .), 69
dam, 74
der, 78
diawledig, 97
dacia, 71
daraio, 74
deibyn, 78
diawlio, 97
dacw, 71
darofun, 103
derbyniad, 78
diawst, 97
dada, 70
darogan, 102
dernyn, 78
di-baid, 82
dad-bacio, 75
darpar, 74
derw, 78
diben, 82
dad-bachu, 75
darpariaeth, 74
derwreinen, 78
di-ben, 82
dad-flino, 70
darparu, 74
dest, 116
di-ben-draw, 82
dad-jeintio, 70
datod, 70
destlus, 79
di-berygl, 82
dadl, 70
dau, 76
deubar, 554, 1. 22
dibl, 531
dadleu, 70
danwynebog, 76
deuben, 79, 145,
diblo, 531
dad-lwytho, 70
dawn, 75
I.i4
di-blwc, 82
dadmer, 70
dawns, 75
deublyg, 79
di-bobl, 82
dad-sgriwio, 70
dawnsio, 100
deucant, deugant,
di-boen, 82
dad-wreiddio, 7°
dawnsiwr, 100
80
di-briod, 82
daear, 79
dawnswraig, 100
deudroed, 80
dibris, 82
daeardor, 79
dawnus, 100
deudwll, 117, 1. 17
dibrisio, 82
daeargi, 79
de, 76
deuddeg, 80
di-brofiad, 82
daearu, 79
deall, 73
deuddegfed, 80
dibwys, 82
dafad ('sheep'),
75«
deallgar, 109
dealltwriaeth, 109
deuddydd, 80
deufis, 77
dibyn, 82
Die, 86
dafad ('wart '),76
deallus, 109
deufor, 81
dicra, 86
dafaden (' sheep'),
decbunt, 77
deugain, 77
dieter, 86
75
decbwys, 77
deugeinfed, 77
dichell, 86
dafaden ('wart'),
decyn, 77
deulaeth, 439, 1.
dichellddrwg, 86
75
dechreu (s.), .78
23
dichellgar, 86
dafadennog, 357,
dechreu (v.), 77
deunaw, 80
di-daro, 82
1.8
dedwydd, 76
deunawfed, 80
di-deimlad, 82
dafn, 75
defni, 79
deunydd, 80
diden, 94
Dafydd, 76
defnydd, 80, 1. 43
deuswllt, 8 1
di-dor, 82
dagar, 70
defnyddio, 80, 1.
dewines, 79
di-doriad, 83
dagrau, 70
45
dewiniaeth, 79
di-dramgwydd, 83
dail, 70
deffro, 76
dewis (s.), 79
di-drefn, 83
daioni, 97
deg, 76
dewis (v.), 79
di-droi, 83
daj, 70
degfed, 77
dewr, 79
di-dryst, 83
dajo, 70
degwm, 77
di, 81
di-duo (?), no
dal, 71
deheu, 76, 79
di-, 8 1
didwyll, 83
dalen, 98
deheuig, in
di-absen, 81
didda, 83
daliad, 73
deheuol, in
di-achos, 81
di-ddal, 83
dall, 73
deifio, 77
diadell, 81
diddan, 83
dall-geibio, 73
deifiol, 77
di-afael, 82
diddanu, 83
JM*
diddanwch, 83
di-ddarfod, 83
di-fwlch, 95
difwyno, 108
dillad. 87
87
di-«gwTt,92
diftgwyl, 92
di-ddawn, 83
di-dderbynwyneb,
di-fwylta, 96
difyr, 94
dim wy, 89
dimai, 89
duftryliad, 92
Qr&tti
didd3ig, 83
difyrru, 96
difyrrwch, 95
dimciwcrth, 373
Dinbych, 89
diddim, 83
di-ddim, 83
di-fywyd, 95
di-fTael, 84
dincod, 90
<ti-Merth, 89
£&*
di-ddiogi, 83
dififaith, 84
dinifttr, 89
^4^ '
*•*• VJ
di-ddiolch, 83
diffodd, 84
(linittrio, 89
duiaw, 93
diddordeb, in
diddorol, ill
di-ffrwt, 84
diffrwyth, 84
dfarfatrioti 89
diniwed, 90
.li*tawrwydd, 93
diate*
diddos, 83
diddosi, 83
diffyg, 84
diffygio, 84
diniweidrwydd,oo
dinod, 90
» 5
diddrwg, 83
dig (a.), 84
di-nod, 90
di-ttnmog, 93
diddyfnn, 115
dig (s.), 84
dinod-man, 89
dUttll, 93
diddymu, 83
digalon, 84
dlod, 90
di-Mt, 93
di-ddywedyd, 83
digalonni, 84
dioddef, 97
di-effaith, 84
di-garictor, 64, 1.
dioddefgar, 97
di-*ylw, 93
di-egwyddor, 84
34
diofal, 90
dUylwedd, 93
* ^**
dieithr, 81
di-gefn, 84
diofalwch, 90
d>ta, 93
di-enaid, 84
di-ges, 84
dlog, 90
ditw, 94
difa, 94
digio, 84
diogel, 97
di-waelod, 96
di-fachu, 94
di-goll, 85
diogi, 97
diwaelhaf. 108
di-fai, 94
digon, 85
diogyn, 97
di-wahaniaetb, 96
di-falais, 94
digonedd, 85
diolch (s.), 90
di-waitb, 06
difalch, 94
di-gownt, 85
diolch (v.), 90
di-wall. 96
di-fantais, 94
di-gowntio, 85
diolchpar, 97
diwedd, 96
di-fater, 94
digrif, 85
diolchgarwch, 97
diweddaf, 108
di-faterwch, 94
di-gnro, 85
di-olwg, 90
diweddar, 96
di-fedr, 94
digwydd, 85
di-os, 90
diweddn, 96
di-feddwl, 94
digwyl, 85
diota, 97
di-wcnwyu, 9"
difeiliorni, 87
di-gychwyn, 85
di-raddio, 91
di-werth, 96
di-feind, 94
di-gyfrif, 86
di-ras, 91
di-wreiddio, 96
di-feius, 94
di-gyffro, 85
direidi, 101
diwmod, 107
diferol, 114
di-gymwynas, 86
direidus, 101
diwyd, 96
diferu, 114
di-gynnwrf, 86
di-reswm, 91
diwydrwydd. 96
diferyn, 114
di-gynnyg, 86
dirgel, 91
diwygud, 96
difetha, 115
di-gywilydd, 85
dirgelwch, 91
diwyno, 108
difethdod, 115
dihareb, 86
diridano, 87
di-ym«dferth, 96
difethgar, 115
di-hid> 86
di-rifedi, 91
di-ymddiricd, 96
difiau, 95
dihiryn, 86
dirmyg, 91
di-ysoryd, 96
di-fin, 94
di-hit, 86
dirmygu, 113
diy sty i llyd, 93
diflannu, 95
di-hitio, 86
dimad, 91
diy»tym, 03
diflas, 95
dihysbyddu, 477
di-rodres, 91
diyatyrwch. 93
di-flas, 95
di-ildio, 86
di-roi, 91
do, 98
difiastod, 95
dil, 86
di-rol, 91
dob, 98
diflasu, 95
dilbo, 87
dironi, 102
dobio, 98
diflin, 95
di-les, 87
dirwyn, 91
doctor, 98
di-flino, 95
dileu, 87
di-rybudd, 9!
doctoret, 98
di-fodi, 95
di-lewych, 87
di-rym, 91
docyn, 535
difraw, 95
di-libart, 336, 1.39
di-rymu, 91
dodrefn, 98
difrif, 95
dilidano, 87
di-rywio, 91
dodwy.9«
difrifol, 95
dilio, 87
di-sail, 91
doe, loo
difrod, 95
di-liw, 87
disbinio, 475
doeth, 100
difrodi, 95
di-lol, 87
di-scl. 92
doethinrb, 98
di-fuchedd, 64, 1.
di-lun, 87
di-serch, 92
dof, too
33
dilyn, 87
disglair, 92
don, loo
di-fudd, 95
dilysl, 87
disgleiho, 92
dol, 98
1432 Q q
594
Index
dol, 98
drylliog, 104
dyfnder, 115
eboles, 437
dolen, 98
drymio, 104
dyfnhau, 115
ebra, 117
dolennog, 99
dryntpl, 105
dyfnjwn, 115
Ebrill, 117
dolur, 99
dryw, 102
dyfod, 105
ebwch, 117
dolurio, 99
du, 108
dyfrdwst, 115
ecrwch, 121
Dolwyddelan, 98
du !, 108
dyfrgi, 115
ecstro, 121
dondio, 99
dugoch, 109
dyfrio, 115
echdoe, 121
doniol, 99
dulio?, 87
dyffeia, in, 130
echel, 121
dor, 99
dull, 109
dyffryn, in
echelu, 121
dotio, 99
duo, no
dygado, in
echnos, 121
dowca, 99
dur, no
dygn, in
echwyn, 121
dowcfa, 99
durio, 91
dygymod, in
edau, 117
dowcio, 99
durol, 1 10
dylanwad, ill
edifar, 94
dow-dow, 99
dusw, no
dylanwadu, 112
edifarhau, 114
drabiau, 100
Duw, no
dyled, 97
edliw, 118
drabio, 100
duwcs, no
dyledog, 98
ednogyn, 118
drach, 100
diiwch, 110
dyledswydd, 112
edrych, 118
dracht, loo
duwiol, 94
dylifo, 112
edrychiad, 118
drachtio, 100
dwbin, 1 06
dyliwn, 112
ef, efo, 117, 226
draenog, 101
dwbio, 1 06
dylni, 106
Efa, 4, 1. 14
drag, 100
dwbl, 1 06
dylu, 112
efengyl, 126
dragio, 100
dwdlian, 106
dylluan, 112
eflyn, 126
drain, 100;
dwfn, no
dyma, 112
efrau, 126
drapia, 101
dwl, 106
dymchwelyd, 73,
efyntau, 566
dratia, 101
dwndrio, 107
99
effaith, 118
draw, 101
dwndwr, 107
dymuno, 112
effeithio, 118
drecsiwn, 101
dwr, 107
dymunol, 113
efTeithiol, 118
drectio, 101
dwrdio, 107
dyn, 109
effro, 118
drechtyn, 101
dwrn, 107
dyna, 113
egin, 119
dreifar, 101
dwsin, 1 08
dynes, 113
e^ino, 119
dreigiau, IOT
dwyawr, 108
dyniewed, 113
e^lur, 119
dreiniog, 101
dwybig, 106
dyn wared, 113
egluro, 119
dreng, 101
dwyflwydd, 115
dynyn, 113
eglwys, 119
drengar, 101
dwyfraich, 1 08
dyrchafael, 104
eglwyswr, 119
drengus, 101
dwyffon, 108
dyrnaid, 113
eglwys wraig, 119
drewgi, 101
dwylath, 108
dyrnfedd, 113
egni, 119
drewi, 101
dwyn, 1 08
dyrnfol, 113
egr, 119
drewllyd, 101
dwyrain, 108
dyrnod, 113
egras, 119
drib-drab, lot
dwys, 1 08
dyrnu, 113
egru, 119
drinws, 102
dwywaith, 108
dyrnwr, 113
egryn, 119
dringo, 102
dy, 1 10
dyrus, 113
egwan, 119
dringwr, 102
dyall [deall]
dyryslyd, 105
egwyd, 119
drogan, 101
dybryd, Iio
dyrysni, 105
egwyl, 119
dror, 102
dycae, in
dyrysu, 105
ehedeg, 199
dros, 1 02
dychmygu, ill
dyryswch, 105
ehediad, 199
Drosgl, 105
dychryn, ill
dysg, no
ehengu, 230
drosodd, 103
dychrynllyd, in
dysgeidiaeth, 113
ei ('his'), 226
drud, 104
dychrynu, ill
dysgl, 79
either'), 226
drudwen, 104
dychymyg, ill
dysglaid, 113
eich, 575
drwg (adj.), 103
dyd, no
dysgu, 114
eidion, 119
drwg (s.), 103
dydd, 109
dysgwr, 113
eidral, 119
drws, 104
dyddfu, 76
dytchas, 114
eiddew, 227
drycin, 104
dyddio, no
dywalgi, 115
eiddil, 119
drycinllyd, 104
dyddiol, no
dywediad, 115
eiddiorwg, 228,
drycinog, 104
dyfais, 114
dywedyd, 80
23i,382,395>562
drygedd, 104
dyfal, 114
dywyddn, 106
eiddo, 119
drygioni, 104
dyfalu, 114
eigian, 454
drygu, 104
dyfal wch, 114
ebill, 117
eigion, 120
dryllio, 104
dyfeisio, 114
ebol, 117
eil, 120
eilddydd, 120
crw, 124
flafr. 130
ffidlio, 131
eiliad, 120
124
ffafriacth, 130
ffietddio, 131
eilio, 1 20
eilwaith, 120
135
esboniad, 476
ffafrio, 130
ffafriol, 130
ffiUi-fla&ach, 131
ein, 388
einioes, 120
esbonio, 476
e&geulus, 481
ffagan, 128
ffagio, 128
ftlt, 131
roll-flall, 131
eingion, 123
esgealaso, 483
(fagl, 138
maun, 132
eira, 1 20
esgeulastod, 483
ffaglu, 138
ftnihadan, 132
eirias, 120
esgid, 125
RTagodan, 138
«nii,i3'
eirin, 120
esgob, 125
ITagwd, 138
eirlaw, 121
esgor, 1 25
ffair, 128
fnt (a/ij.), IJ*
eisiau, 238
esgns, 125
(faith, 138
ffil (§,)• 132
eisin, 121
esgnsodi, 125
ffals, 129
ffitio, 132
eisioes, 126
esmwyth, 125
ffalsio, 129
fflacio, 132
eistedd, 228
esmwythdra, 497
ffalsiwr, 129
fflacs C flag-
eisteddfod, 501
estron, 125
ffalster, 129
stones'), 13*
eithaf, 121
estronol, 506
(falstra, 129
fBacs ('soot'), 133
eithin, 121
estyllen, 508
(fansi, 139
eithinog, 121
estyn, 125
ffamlo, 129
fflacbio, 132
eleni, 336
esyth, 125
(fardial, 139
fflachod, 133
elfen, 122
etifedd, 534
(fargod, 139
fflag, 133
eli, 121
eto, 126
(faiiar, 129
fflam, 132
Elian, 120
eu, 226
ffannio, 129
fflamjjoch, 132
eliffant, 272, 1. 19
enog, 127
(farmwr, 129
fflam to. 132
elor, 122
eurych, 127
ffarwel, 129
fflamllyd, 133
elnsendy, 493
Evans, 229
ffarwelio, 129
fflat (adj.), 132
elw. 122
ewa, 126
ffasiwn, 129, 455
, 132
elwlen, 338
ewach, 126
ffasiynol, 130
ftlatcho, 133
ellynedd, 358
ewas, 126
ffasno, 129
fflatchwr, 133
enaid, 122
ewin, 126
(fast, 1 29
fflcgain, 133
enbyd, 122
ewinor, 570
(fat, 130
ffl«o, 133
enbydus, 122
ewinrhew, 570
(fatan, 130
fflemp, 133
enfys, 123
ewr, 126
ffatch, 130
ffietnpan, 133
enllyn, 122
ewyllys, 562
ffatiad, 130
ennill (s.), 122
ewyn, 127
(fatian, 130
fflipwi (adj.), 133
ennill (v.), 122
ewythr, 127
ffawydd, 130
fflipan (s.). 133
entry ch, 122
enw, 122
en wad, 123
faen, 564
faint, 564
(feg, 130
ffei 130
ffeil, 130
fflodiat, 133
flBogio, fflodo, 133
fflonsh, 133
enwedig, 15
enwi, 123
enwog, 123
enwyn, 123
englyn, 123
eog, 228
epil, 203
epilio, 429
eples, 203
fe, 564
fe allai, 122
kg. 564
fei, 564
feis, 564
fei. 564
felly, 565
fengoch, 565
fesul, 565
(feind, 130
ffeindio, 131,618
ffeindrwydd, 130
(feinio, 130
(feint io, 130
ffeirio, 130
ffel, 131
ffcnestr, 131
ff£r, 131
fflonsio, 133
ffluwch. 133
fflwar, 133
fflwsh, 133
ffodrwm, 133
ffoglyd. 133
ffoi, 133
ffol. 133
eplesu, 123
er, 123, 23
erbyn, 123
erchwyn, 1 24
erchyll, 124
erfyn, 124
ergyd, 124
fi fawr, 566
finnau, 565
fo, 401, 566
fy, 359. S^?, 574
fyddigad, 567
fyny, 567
(ferins, 131
fferllyd, 131
ffenn, 129
fferni,
Ffcstiniog, 502
(fetus, 131
ffinidd, 131
ffoledd, 134
(foil. 134
ffoliucb, 134
ffolog. 134
(follach, 134
(Ton, 1 34
(fond. 134
erioed, 124, 455
(fa, 128
md, 131
(ft -mad, 134
ernes, 124
ffactri, 128
ffi<lil, 131
fforc, 135
erthyl, 124
(fachlau, 128
ffidio, 131
(forch, 135
erthylu, 561
ffadin, 128
ffidler, 131
ffotchi, 135
Qq a
Index
fforchiad, 135
ffwdan, 137
gamstar, 142
glan, 149
fforchog, 135
ffwdanllyd, 137
gan, 148, 324,1. i
glan, 149
ffordd, 134
ffwdanus, 137
gan (' because '),
glandeg, 149
fforddio(' afford'),
fffrl, 137
142
glanhau, 351
134
ffwlbart, 137
gar, 142
glanwaith, 149
fforddio(' direct'),
ffwlbri, 138
Garawys, 164
glanweithdra, 149
134
ffwl bwt, 138
gard, 142
glas, 149,618
fforddiol, 135
ffwlcyn, 138
gardas, 142
gifts, 149
fforddol, 135
ffwlpyn, 138
gardio, 142
glasen, 150
fforffed, 135
ffwltan, 138
gardnar, 142
glasiad (' glass-
ffors, 135
ffwndro, 138, 215
gardd, 142
ful'), 150
ffortiwn, 135
ffwndrus, 138
garddio, 142
glasiad (' peep of
ifortunus, 135
ffwndwr, 138
garlleg, 142
day'), 150
ffos, 135
ffwrdd, 138
gartref, 142
glasrew, 150
Ffowcyn, 3 36
ffwrn, 138
garth, 143
glas-rewi, 150
ffrae, 136
ffwrnes, 138
garw, 143
glastwr, 150
ffraeo, 136
ffydd, 138
gas, 143
glastwra, 150
ffraeth, 136
ffyddlon, 139
gast, 143
glastwraidd, 150
ffr&m, 136
ffyddlondeb, 139
gat, 143
glasu, 150
ffrengig, 136
ffynnon, 139
gauaf [gaeaf]
glaswyn, 150
ffres, 136
ffyrf, 139
gefail (< smithy '),
glaw, 150
ffri, 136
ffyrfder, 139
126
glawio, 151
ffridd, 136
ffyrling, 139
gefail ('tongs'),
glawog, 151
ffrind, 136
ffrio, 136
ffyrnig, 139
ffyrnigo, 139
126
gefell, 126
gleisiad, 151
glendid, 151
ffri dan, 136
ffyrnigrwydd, 139
geirwir, 145
glew, 151
ffroen, 136
ffyrnochi, 139
gelach, 145
glewa, 151
ffrog, 136
gele, gel, 145
glin, 152
ffromllyd, 136
gadael, 140
gelyn, 145
glo, I52
ffrostio, 1 36
gaeaf, 146
gelyniaeth, 145
gloddest, 187
ffroth, 136
gaeafaidd, 146
gellhesg, 251, 1 1 6
gloddesta, 187
ffrwcs, 136
gaeafol, 146
gellyg, 145
gloes, 338
ffrwcsio, 137
gafael (adj.), 144
gen, 145
gloesio, 151
ffrwcslyd, 136
gafael (s.), 144
genau, 145
gloyn, 152
ffrwd, 136
gafael (v.), 143
genedigaeth, 145
gloyw, 152
ffrwgwd, 136
gafaelgar, 144
genedigol, 145
gloywi, 152
ffrwst, 137
gafl, 144
geneth, 145
glovwon, 152
ffrwt, 137
gaflio, 144
geni, 145
glud, 153
ffrwt-ffrwr, 137
gaflog, 144
genwair, 146
gludio, 152
ffrwtian, 137
gafr, 144
genweirio, 376
glwfer, 152
ffrwydro, 137
gafrio, 145
ger, 146
gb™, '53
ffrwyn, 137
gair, 140
geran, gerain, 146
glynu, 153
ffrwyno, 137
galar, 140
gerllan goch, 146
go, 155
ffrwyth, 137
galaru, 140
gernial, 146
gobaith, 155
ffrwythlon, 137
galarus, 140
gerwin (?), 23
gobeithio, 155
ffrydio, 137
galw, 140
ges, 146
gobeithiol, 155
ffrynt, 137
gal wad, 141
gesio, 146
gobennydd, 156
ffryntio, 137
galwedigaeth, 141
gewin, 146
gochel, 157
ffull, 138
gahvyn, 141
gildio ('geld'),
godacia, 156
ffulltuth, 138
gallt, 141
T47
godart, 454
ffunud, 138
gallu (s.), 142
gildio ('yield'),
godrapia, 156
ffurcan, 139
gallu (v.), 141
J47
godre, 156
ffured, 139
galluog, 142
gilydd, 147
godro, 156
ffurf, 139
gam, 142
gini, 148
goddaith, 156
ffurfio, 139
gambl, 142
gis, 149
goddef, 156
ffust, 139
gamblar, 142
glaead, 151
gof, 155
ffustio, 132
gamblio, 142
glaeaden, 151
gofal, 162
ffustion, 132
gamio, 142
glafoerio, 153
gofalu, 162
ffustw'ial, 507
gamllyd, 142
glafoerion, 153
gofalus, 162
597
gofer, i6a
gor 1 Ian w, 160
Gniffodd, 93, 1. a6
gwalfc, 171
goft, i6a
gorllewin, 160
grog, 165
gwalio, 171
gofid, 163
gorllewinol, 160
grogog. 165
gwali-Af , i 71
gofidio, i6a
gor 11 yd, 1 60
grot, 165
i; wallas, 172
gofidus, i6a
gormod, 160
grwgnach, 165
gwsJl, \ii
gofyn (§.), 163
gormod edd, 161
gwallgOl, '7'
grwgnachlyd, 165
gofyn (v.), i6a
gorachafiaeth, 161
grydwst, 164
crwftll0ofrw<i<l
Eu, 156
th, 156
» (s,), 156
gorachwyliaeth,
160
gorwedd, 161
-
^ryin, 105
grymus, 165
'93
ifwaUijofo*, I7a
gwallt, i?a
goglais(v.), 156
gorwyr, 407, 1. 3
gwachuf, 171
gwalhog, 173
gogledd, 156
gogleddol, 156
gotod (s.), 161
gotod (T.), 161
gwadn, 160
gwadnu, 169
gwtmalo, 17^
gogleisiol, 156
gotodiad, i6a
gwadn, 169
gwan, 171
gogoniant, 156
gosteg, i6a
gwadd, 169
gwmaal, 173
gogor, 156
gostegu, i6a
gwaddod, 169
gwmnc, 173
gogro, 157
gostwng, 168
gwaddodi, 169
gwancot, 173
gogrwn, 157
golan (adj.), 157
gostyngedig, i6a
gostyageidd-
gwae, 175
gwaed, 175
gwmnbau, 173
gwinllyd, 173-
golau (s.), 157
rwydd, i6a
gwaedgi, 176
gwmnun, 173
golau (v.), 157
gown, i6a
gwaedling, 183
gwanwyn, 173
golch, 157
golchbren, 157
gradel 1, 163
graddol, 163
gwaedljd, 183
gwaedu, 183
gwar 173
gwarafun, 163
golchfa, 158
graean, 164
gwaedwyllt, 183
gwmnmt, 173
golchi, 157
graen, 164
gwaeddi, 177
gwarantaf, 189
golchion, 158
golchwraig, 158
graenus, 164
grafael, 163
gwael, 176
gwaeledd, 183
gwmrch*e(s.), 174
gwmrchae(v
gold Mair, 157
goldyn, 157
grafaelio, 163
grafaeliog, 163
gwaelod, 183
gwaelu, 183
gwmrchod, 174
gwmred, 173
goleuni, 151
grafftio, 163
gwaell, 184
goleuo, 151
granar, 163
gwaeth, 176
gwmrgmmo, 173
golwg, 158'
gras, 163
gwaethaf, 183
gwwgrymu, 173
golygus, 158
grat, 163
gwag, 169
gwmrio(« spend'),
gollwng, 1 66
gratiad, 163
gwagedd, 169
»73
gonest, 158
gratio, 163
gwagen, 169
gwario ('stoop ),
gonestrwydd, 158
gratur, 163
gwagcnad, 169
173
gor, 158
grawn, 163
gwagio, 169
gwaroden, 190
gorau, 158
greisian, 164
gwagle, 169
gwanog. 174
gorchest, 160
gresyn, 164
gwahan, 170
gwarth, 174
gorchestol, 160
griddfan, 164
gwahaniaeth, 170
gwartheg, 174
gorchestu, 160
grifft, 164
gwahan iaethu,
gwarthus, 174
gorchwyl, 160
grindu, gnndill,
'73
gwms, 174
gordro, 159
164
gwahanol, 170
gwasanacth, 174
gordd, 159
grindio, 164
gwahanu, 170
gwasg ('pres*'),
gorddrws, 159
goresgynnydd,
giinjan, 164
grisial, 164
gwahodd(s.), 169
gwahodd (v.), 169
gwasg (* waist '),
4°7, 1- 5
grisian, 164
gwain, 567
J?4
gorfod, 161
gorfodaeth, 161
gro, 164
gronyn, 165
gwair, 170
gwaith ('time*),
gwmsgmrn, 174
-wa^-:a. MN
gorfoledd, 161
gr6t, 165
171
gwmsgodt6i8
gorfoleddu, 161
grotan, 165
gwaith ('work'),
gwmsgn, 174
gorffen, 159
growd, 165
170
gwlst, 568
Gorffennaf, 159
growdi (canu), 165
gwml, 171
gwasud, 175
gorflfennol, 159
growdi ('crowd'),
gwil, 171
gwastadcdd, 175
gorffwys, 159
165
gwalbant 567
gwastatau. 175
gorffwyso, 159
growdio, 165
gwalc, 171
gwastraff, 175
gori, 159
grows, 165
gwalciog, 171
gwastrafflyd, 504
gorifynu, 160
goriwarad, 160
grual, 165
grudd, 165
gwalch, 171
gwaldras, 171
gwastrmffu, 175
gwastrodedd, 506
598
Index
gwatchad, 175
gwen-deg, 180
gwiw, 566
gwrthwynebiad,
gwatwar, 175
gwendid, 180
gwiwair, 571
168
gwaun, 170
Gwener, 180
gwlad, 1 86
gwrthwynebu, 168
gwawd, 175
gwenhithen, 180
gwladaidd, 187
gwrych, 190
gwawdio, 1 88
gwenith, 180
gvvlan, 187
gwrychyn, 190
gwawdiwr, 188
gwenithfaen, 188
gwlanen, 187
gwryd, 1 68
gwawdlyd, 188
Gwenno, 66, 1. 43
gwlanennwr, 187
gwryddyn, 190
gwawn, 175
gwennol, 180
gwlanog, 618
gwrym, 190
gwawr, 175
gwen-ples, 181
gwlaw [glaw]
gwrymiog, 190
gwawrio, 188
gwenu, 181
gwledig, 187
gwrysg, 190
gwayw, 183
gwenwisg, 181
gwledd, 187
gwryw, 168
gwden, 1 66
gwenwyn, 181
gwlith, 187
gwth, 167
gwdenu, 314
gwddf, 1 66
gwenwyngi, 188
gwenwynllyd, 188
gwlithlaw, 187
gwlitho, 187
gwthio, 1 68, 216
gwybed, 190
gwe, 176
gwenwyno, 188
gwlyb, 152
gwybod, 165
gwedd ('appear-
gwenyn, 181
gwlybaniaeth, 153
gwych, 191
ance'), 177
gwep, 181
gwlyb wr, 153
gwydn, 190
gwedd (' team '),
gwer, 181
gwlych, 187
gwydr, 190
177
gweren, 181
gwlychu, 153
gwydro, 190
gweddi, 177
gwerin, 181
gwlydd, 187
gwydrwr, 190
gweddill, 177
gwem, 182
gwmon, 167
gwydd ('goose'),
gweddio, 177
gwers, 182
gwn, 167
168
gweddol, 177
gwerth, 182
gwndwn, 167
gwydd (' pres-
gweddus, 177
gwerthu, 182
gwnend, 153
ence'), 1 68
gweddw, 177
gwerth wr, 182
gwn'iadur, 187
gwydd, 190
gweddwi, 177
gwerthyd, 182
gwniadwr, 188
Gwyddel,i90,i37,
gwefl, 182
gweryru, 193
gwniadwraig, 188
1.13
gweflgamu, 182
gwestyn, 182
gwnio, 188,618
Gwyddeles, 191
gwefrio, 182
gweu, 182
gwniwr, 1 88
Gwyddelig, 191
gwefus, 182
gweyrod, 183
gwobr, 1 88
gwyddfid. 193
gwegi, 177
gwg, 1 66
gwr, 167
gwyfyn, 193
gwegian, 177
gwgan, 1 66
gwrach, 189
gwygyl, 184
gwegil, 177
gwgus, 1 66
gwrachan, 189
gwyl, 168,479,1.1
gwehilion, 193
gwiail, 184
gwraidd, 188
gwylaidd, 191
gwehydd, 190
gwialen, 149
gwraig, 1 88
gvvylan, 191
gweini, 178
gwib, 184
gwraint, 1 90
gwylio, 185, 312
gweinidog, 188
gwibdaith, 184
gwrando, 189
gwylmabsant, 187
gweirglodd, 181
gwibio, 184
gwrdynnu, 167
gwylmabsanta,i87
gweisyn, 178
gwibiog, 184
gwregys, 189
gwylnos, 571
gweitiad, 178
gwich, 184
gwreichion, 189
gwyll, 191
gweithdy, 183
gwichiad, 184
gwreiddio, 189
gwylliad, 185
gweithgar, 178
gwichian, 184
gwreiddiol, 189
gwyllt, 191
gweithio, 178
gwichlyd, 184
gwreigan, 189
gwylltineb, 185
gweitbiwr, 178
gwif, 1 86
gwres, 189
gwylltio, 185
gweithred, 178
gwilihoban, 184
gwresog, 189
gwyn, 191
gweled, 178
Gwilym, 312
gwrid, 189
gwyneb [wyneb].
gwelw, 179
gwin, 185
gwrido, 189
gwynera, 192
gwelwi, 179
gwinau, 185
gwritgoch, 190
gwyniad, 188
gwelwlwyd, 182
gwingo, 185
gwrol. 167
gwynio, 185
gwely, 179
gwir, 185
gwroldeb, 167
gwynlasu, 192
gwell, 179
gwirin, 190
gwrtaith, 167
gwynning, 167
gwella, 1 80
gwirion, 186
gwrthafl, 182
gwynnu, 167
gwellau, 172
gwiriondeb, 186
gwrthban, 167
gwynnwy, 167
gwelliant, 180
gwirionedd, 186
gwrthglawdd,
gwynt, 192
gwellt, 1 80
gwirioneddol, 186
167
gwyntog, 193
gwelltglas, 1 80
gwirioni, 186
gwrthio, 1 68, 216
gwyntyll, 193
gvvelltog, 180
gwisg, 1 86
gwrthod, 1 68
gwyrdd, 193
gwelltyn, 180
gwisgi, 1 86
gwrthun, 168
gwyrddio, 185
gwen, 1 80
gwisgo, 1 86
gwrthwyneb, 168
gwyrddlas, 193
Index
gwyrddlesni, 193
hambygio, 195
helbul. 201
htoddft.ao7
gwyro, 193
hamdden, 195
helbulut, aoi
- '
gwyrth, 193
hamddenol, 1*95
JOI
MttV^d 2O7
gwyrthiol, 168
hampar, 195
fctTuhr. 201
hif . 207
gwyryi.g, 183
hamport, iy6
hclcyd, joi
gwystl, 1 68
hancas, 196
hr Ha, 202
'•
gwythen, 186
hancypio, 196
hrh, JOI
.
•
gwywo, 193
hancyps, 196
hrliwr, joi
IMMItMl
gyd, 146
handi, 196
helm, 201
g^d, 147
g>lfinaid, 153
handlan, 196
hanercof, 204
help, 202
hclpu, 202
-'-
gylfinhir, 152
hanerob, 393
belw, 202
'
gynneu, 193
banes,
belyi;, 201
UrivM, sot
gyr, 193
hanesyn, 196
hclynt, 202
HirvwM M^K
gyrnat, 194
baofod, 196
joa
to^imif, act
gyrru, 194
banner, 196
bcnaint, 203
^T^» w^
gyrrwr, 194
ban tics, 196
lien.-, 203
• ."•
gystiffol, 194
hangla, 197
hencian, 203
hithaa. act
hapnio, 197
heodref, 203
hoh, aol
hac, 195
hapus, 197
heneiddto, 103
n«-)*idf aoo
hacio, 195
hapusrwydd, 197
heno, 203
bobidi-fcol, aoo
had, 194
haclen, 194
harbwr, 197
hardd, 197
hengall, 203
hc«»l, 204
. - •,
.
hadu, 194
hadyd, 194
harddu, 197
hario, 197
hepian, 203
hcples [eplo]
hoed!
borl, 2IJ.6I8
haearn, 205
hasart, 197
her, 203
hoelen, 212
hacddiannol, 200
hast, 197
here, 203
hoelio, 209
haeddiant, aoo
bastus, 197
hercian, 204
haeddu, 206
hatchad, 197
hergwd, 203
hael, 198
hailing, 197
henan, 203
hottio, aio
haelionus, 200
hau, 198
heriog, 203
hac Is, 198
haul, 198
heriwr, 203
ho(al. ;u
haen, 198
hawdd, 197
hcrlodes, 337
hono, 2 i 2
haenen, 206
hawddgar, aia
hcrllyd, 204
hoffol, ao9
haerllug, 197
bawl, 198
henra, 204
hoffw. 109
haeru, 206
hawlio, aia
hcsfxrn, 204
haf, 194
heb, 198
hesbin, 204
hafaidd, 198
hedeg, 199
hesbinhwcb, 204
hogi, 109
haflug, 198
hcdiad, 199
hesbwrn, 204
hoglaac, 209
hafn, 198
hedydd, 199
hesg, 204
bogyvi 109
hafog, 198
hedyn, 199
hestoraid, 503
hotV*O9
hafoty, 566
heddwch, 199
bet, 204
hoi«, 209
h. i Iliad, 194
heddyw, aoo
heth, 204
ao9
haffio, 194
hefo, 204
bculo, 206
holt, aio
haftlau, 194
hefran, 205
heulog, 206
hoiks, 210
hagr, 194
hagru, 195
hefyd, 205
hefys, 205
heuwr. 206
hi, 206
bolma, aio
holnyn. aio
. ? ' "
hat, 195
heffar, n/j
hie. 206
holo, 210
haicl, 195
hegl, 199
hic-hac, 207
holpio, aio
haidd, 195
heglog, 199
hicio. jo;
holpyn, hmlpyi
haint, 195
heglu, aoo
hicyn, 207
210
hald, 195
heibio, aoo
hidio, 206
boll, aio
haldio, 195
heidio, aoo
bidl, 206
hollol, 210
haldiwar, 195
heidden, aoo
hidlan, 206
hollt, 210
halen, 195
heini, aoo
hidio, 206
holkeo. i 1 1
halio, 195
heintus, ao6
hino, ao8
hallt, 195
hel, aoo
hil. 207
holUwr. :n
halltu, 195
hcla, aoi
hihogaelh, 207
hodhat, 211
ham, 195
belaetb, aoi
bin, 207
boom, 2M
6oo
Index
hongian, 211
hwriwr, 215
iaeth, 230
jerman, 116
honglad, 211
hopiar, 211
hwrjo, 215
hwrli-bwrli, 215
iaith, 229
lago, 297, 1. ii
jero, 116
jest, 116
hopran, 211
hwrllyd, 215
lanto, 230
jeunt, 116
horn, 211
hornio, 211
hwro, 215
hwrsan, 215
iar, 230
iard, 230
jiliffrit, 490
job ('job'), 116
hors, 2 1 1
hwsgip, 216
ias, 230
job (? 'mass'),n6
horslaw, 21 1
hwsgipio, 216
iau, 231
Job, 297, 1. 10
horwth, an
hwsmon, 216
Ian, 230
jobio, 116
hos, 211
hwsmonnaeth,496
iawn,adj. ,adv. , 2 30
joci, 116
hosan, 212, 61 8
hwtio, 216
iawn, s., 230
joch, 116
hosio, 212
hwy, 399
Iddew, 226
jochio, 116
hoyw, 212
hwyad, 331
ie, 226
joe, 117
hudo, 218
hwyl, 216
iechyd, 231
jolibowtio, 116
huddo, 218
hwylio, 213
iechydwriaeth,23i
jolpan, 117
buddy gl, 206
hwyliog, 213
ieuanc, 229
jolpio, 117
hufen, 219
hwylus, 216
ieuenctid, 231
jwal, 117
hufennu, 219
hwynt, 399
ieuo, 231
jwg, 117,617
hufran, 219
hwynt-hwy, 579
Ifan, 229
jyco, 117
hugan, 218
hwyr (' evening '),
igam-ogam, 227
jygiad, 117
hulach, 218
216
igian, 454
hulan, 218
hwyr ('late'), 216
ill, 227
lab, 334
hulbost, 218
hwyrach, 215
impiad, 227
labargreigiwr, 334
hulio, 207
hwythau, 399
impio, 227
labio, 334
hulpyn, 210
hy, 217
impyn, 227
labro, 334
hulyn, 218
hybian, 219
inc, 228
labrwr, 334
hun('self'), 218
hychian, 219
incwm, 228
labwt, 334
him ('sleep'), 2 1 8,
hyd, 217
India, 227
ladal, 334
572,1.22
hyder, 219
injan, 227
ladipopty, 335
hunan, 218
Hydref, 220
innau, 228
laddar, 335
hunlle, 218
hydd, 218
lonawr, 231
lafan, 336
hurt, 219
hyfdra, 220
iraid, 207
lafrwyn, 336
hurtio, 208
hyfr, 219
iraidd, 238
lamp, 335
htirtus, 219
hyfryd, 220
irdrwg, 228
landar, 335
hurtyn, 219
hyffis, 219
iro, 208
lantar, 335
hutlach, 219
hyhi, 575
is, 228
lapad, 335
Huw, 219
hylaw, 219
isel, 228
lapio, 335
Huwcyn, 219
hyll, 218
iselder, 228
lardio, 335
hwb, 212
hylltod, 219
Iwerddon, 570
lari, 335
hwbian, 212
hym, 219
iwrch, 231
larmon, 335
hwch, 213
hymffost, 219
iws, 229
lartch, 335
hwde, 213
hymian, 219
iwsio, 229
lartchrwydd, 335
hwff, 2ia
hynod, 220
las, 335
hwffian,hwffio, 213
hynt, 218, 220
Jac, 115
las-enw, 335
hwg, 213
hynt, 220
jacmor, 115
las-enwi, 335
hwi, 213
hyntio, 220
jad, 115
lee, 336
hwi-hwi, 213
hyrddio, 220
janglar, 115
lecsiwn, 336
hwn, 213
hyrddiog, 220
janglio, 115
ledio, 336
hwna, 214
hys, 220
jar, 115
lefain, 336
hwnacw, 214
hysb, 219
jariad, 115
lefal (adj.), 33$
hwndro, 225
hysbio, 220
jebo, 115
lefal(s.),33<>
hwnnw, 214
hysio, 220
jegyn, 115
lefclu, 336
hwnt, 216
hytraws, 220
jeinar, 116
lefran, 336
hwntw, 215
Hywel, 212
jeinio, 115
lefrio, 336
hwnyna, 215, 399
A 115
lefryn, 336
hwr, 215
i('I'), 226
jelaitch, 116
leicio, 336
hwrdd, 215
1 ('to'), 220
jelio, 116
lein, 336
hwrgi, 215
iach, 229
jelws, 116
leinio, 336
hwrio, 215
iad, 3
jempar, 116
leinsians, 336
Indix 60 r
leinsio, 336
lladronei, 339
lUwes, 344
Hewyeh.34*
lemon, 336
Lerpwl, 336
lladroni, 339
lladronllyd, 339
llmwgaetd, 343
llawn, 343
IlewyclM.,**
Hewyg, 348
libart, 336
lib-bab, 337
lich-mi-lach, 337
lladd, 339
lladd-dy, 335
lladdfa, 339
llawnder, 353
H»wr, 343
He. 344
SST
lif'n, 337
Maes, 344
lleban, 344
Uuw.,349
Hfrai, 337
llaesodr, 348
llchindio, 344
lllbryn, 349
HI', 337
llaester, 348
346
llibyn, 349
lil-mi-lol, 337
llaesu, 348
llech, 346
HliJ 140
limpin, 339
llaeth, 344
llcch (adj.), 346
lltdi*n,349
line-lone, 337
llaetha, 348
llech (•.), 346
Ilidioff \AQ
lincyn-loncyn, 337
Ilaethog, 348
llcchen, 346
Ilif i • flood Ot 149
lindys 337
llafar, 343
Hechgi, 346
Ilif '..w'),N9
lintar, 337
Hafn, 343
llechian, 346
llifio, 351
ling, 337
llafnes, 343
llechu, 346
llinwr
Hngro, 337
llafnio, 343
llechwedd, 346
<iye'), 35 1
lingron, 337
llafrwyn, 336
lied (adv.), 345
lltfo (' flow'), 351
liwc, 337
llafur, 343
Hcd(i.),345
HifoC grind
lob, 337
Hai, 339
Hedben, 347
Hifwr, 351
lobsgaws, 337
llaid, 340
lleden, 345
Ihn, 350
locsyn, 337
llain, 340
llediaith, 345
lluuani, 350
loetran, 338
llais, 340
lledol, 345
Hinjrn, 350
log, 337
llaith, 340
Hedr, 345
Hip*, 350
loig, 337
Hall, 340
lledu, 345
llipryn, 350
lol, 337
11am, 341
lleddf, 345
llithO drink '},350
lolan, 338
llamgoesi, 341
lleddfu, 345
lliih(' lc**on'),35o
loli, 338
llamhidydd, 341
llefarian, 348
Hithrig, 350
lolian, 338
llamu, 341
lleferydd, 348
llithro, 350
lolyn, 338
llan, 341
llefnyn, 348
lliw, 350
16n, 338
llanastr, 341
llefran, 336
lliwgmr, 351
lori, 338
Llanbedr, 341
Hefrith, 348
lliwicd, 351
lot, 338
Llanberis,34i,l.i3
llegach, 345
Hiwio, 351
lulo, 339
llanc, 341
Heibio, 345
Ho 35«
lumyn, 339
llances, 341
Heidiog, 346
lloches, 352
Iwc, 338
Lkndegai,34i,Li3
ileidr, 345
Lloegr, 353
Iwcus, 338
Llanfair, 341,1. 13
lleihau, 344,619
Uoer, 353
Iwfans, 338
Llanfairfechan,
lleisio, 346
lloerrn, 338
Iwfio, 338
341. 1- '3
Heithan, 346
Hoergmn, 353
Iwmp, 338
Llanrwst, 341 ,1.14
lleithder, 346
llocng, 353
Iwmpio, 338
llanw, 341
Helo, 339
lloffa, 351
Iwmpyn, 338
lygindio, 339
llaprwth, 341
llariaidd, 341
llembo, 346
Hemp, 346
lloffion, 351
Hofft, 35 1
lygio, lygian, 339
llarieiddio, 341
llempan, 346
Hog, 351
lymbar, 339
Harp, 341
llempio, 347
llogell, 35'
lympan, 339
llarpio, 343
llempiwr, 347
Hogi. 35 >
lympio, 339
Hath, 343
Hencyn, 347
lion, 35 3
lysti, 339
llathen, 343
llcnwi, 347
llonaid, 353
lystuo, 339
llathr, 343
Hengig, 347
llonni, 353
Habi, 339
llathrwm, 343
llau, 344
Hes, 347
Hesg, 347
llonydd, 353
llooyddwch, 353
llabwst, 339
Haw, 343
lle«ghan, 347
llong, 35 >
llac (adj.), 340
llac (s.), 340
llawcio, 353
llawchwith, 353
llestr, 347
Hety, 347
llongwr, 353
llorio(4 to floor*),
llacio, 340
llawd, 343
llethr, 347
llach, 340
llawdio, 353
lletha, 347
llorioCtolowtr'),
llachio, 340
llawen, 343
lleuad, 348
SM
llachiwr, 340
llawenydd, 344
lleuog, 348
Horp, 353
lladrad, 339
llawer, 343
llew, 348
Ho«g, 353
602
Index
llosgfa, 353
llychan, 358
machlud, 361
manteisio, 363
llosgi, 352
llychlyd, 358
machludiad, 361
manteisiol, 363
lloweth, 353
llychwino, 346
machlndo, 361
mantell, 363
Uu, 355
llychyn, 358
maclru, 359
mantol, 364
lluchio, 349
llydan, 357
maddeu, 359
manus, 364
lludw, 355
llyfiad, 359
maddeuant, 359
manwl, 364
lludded, 355
llyfn, 356
maddeugar, 359
manwynnau, 364
Human, 356
llyfndew, 359
raaeden, 373
manglio, 364
llun, 356
llyfnu, 359
maeddu, 373
marblen, 364
Llun, 356
Ujrfr, 357
maelgi, 361
marc, 364
Llundain, 356
llyfrithen, 359
maels, 367
marcio, 364
lluniaeth, 350
llyfrothen, 353
maen, 367
march, 364
llunio, 350
llyfu» 359
maer, 367
marcha, 364
llungar, 350
llyffant, 357
maeth, 367
marchalan, 364
llurgunio, 349
llyffanta, 348
maethlon, 373
marchnad, 364
llurgyn, 356
llyffethair, 349
mafon, 367
marchnata, 364
llus, 356
llyffetheirio, 345
mag, 360
marchwellt, 365
Husg, 356
nyg» 355
mag, 360
Marged, 364
llusgen, 356
Uygad, 357
magan, 360
Mari, 364
llnsgo, 356
llygadog, 349
magi, 360
mariandir, 364
llusgyn, 356
llygadrythu, 358
maglu, 360
marion, 364
lluwch, 356
llygad-tynnu, 358
magu, 360
marlio, 365
lluwchio, 351
llygedyn, 358
magwraeth, 360
martchant, 365
IK 353
llygindio, 358
maharen, 360
marw (adj.), 365
llwch, 354
Hygod, 358
mai, 360, 388
marw (v.), 365
llwchyn, 354
Uygoer, 349
Mai, 360
marwaidd, 365
llvvdn, 353, 384
llygota, 349
maidd, 360
marwdon, 364
llwfr, 354
llygotwr, 349
main, 360
marwddwr, 364
llwfrdra, 354
llygotwraig, 349
mainc, 361
marwnad, 379
llwfrddyn, 354
llygredd, 358
maint, 361, 564
marwol, 365
llwfrgi, 354
nygni, 358
maip, 361
marwolaeth, 365
llwgr, 353
nym> 355
Mair, 361
marwor, 365
11 wm, 354
llymaid, 358
maith, 361
marworyn, 379
llwnc, 354
llymeitian, 351
malais, 361
masarn, 365
llwtrach, 354
llymgi, 358
Malan, 361
masgl, 365
Uwy, 354
llymriad, 358
male, 362
masgu, 365
llwyaid, 354
llymru, 358
malcio, 362
masrwms, 365
llwybr, 354
llyn, 356
maleisddrwg, 361
mastiff, 365
Uwyd, 354
llynciad, 354
maleisus, 361
maswedd, 365
llwydaidd, 354
llyncu, 358
Mali, 362
mat, 366
llwydan, 66, 1. 43
Hyngyr, 358
maliffwt, 362
match, 366
llwyd-ddu, 354
llyriad, 352
malio, 362
matchen, 366
llwydni, 353
nys, 356
main, 362
mater, 366
llwydo, 354
llysenvv, 335
malurio, 362
matras, 366
llwydwyn, 355
llysenwi, 335
malwen, 362
math, 366, 34
llwyddiannus, 353
llysiau, 358
malwr, 362
mathru, 366
llwyddiant, 354
llysnafedd, 497
mall, 362
mawaid, 34
llwyddo, 355
llysowen, 495
mam, 362
mawn, 366
llwyfen, 355
llythyr, 358
mamaeth, 362
mawndir, 379
llwyn('bush'),355
llythyren, 359
mamog, 362
mawnen, 379
llwyn ('loin'),338
nyw, 351
man, 362
mawnog, 379
llwynhidydd, 355,
llywio, 351
man geni, 363
mawr, 366
424, 1. 10
llywiwr, 351
man, 363
mawrddrwg, 379
llwynog, 355
llywodraeth, 353
maneg, 363
mawredd, 379
llwynoges, 355
llywodraethu, 353
manhollt, 363
mawreddog, 367
llwyth, 355
manion, 363
Mawrth, 379
llwytho, 355
mab, 359
mannu, 363
Mawrth,dydd,379
llwythog, 355
mabwysio, 359
mant, 31
me, 367
llwythwr, 355
macrell, 361
mantais, 363
mebyd, 367
6*3
medal, 367
mentro, 371
moch, 376
roorya, 379
medelwr, 367
medi, 367
mentrus, 371
mer, 371
mocha, 377
moch.Kl, 377
mot,
mofttwn, 379
Medi, 367
medr, 367
medru, 367
merch, 373
Mercher, 373
mercheta, 373
mochynaidd, 377
modfedd, 376
Modlan, 376
mowmt 379
mow«uo,379
• -..'•-» 4< - ;
medr us, 368
rnerchetaidd, 373
modrwy, 376
• m -4
medd, 368
ineddaf, 368
meddal, 368
meddalu, 368
merchetwr, 373
merddyn, 371
merfaidd, 373
Men, 371
modrwyo, 376
modrwyog, 176
modryb, M*
modd, 376
•'
«
mol.
molaidd; 384
meddw, 368
mcrlen, 365
moedro, 380
-., ; • -4
meddwdod, 368
merlyn, 373
moel, 380
.-:..:-. -4
meddwi, 369
merllyd, 373
moelen, 380, 66,
mnliraa. 384
meddwl, 369
merwino, 387
1-43
::...-,:.. V4
meddwol, 369
mes, 373
moeli, 376
ineddwyn, 369
mesur(s.), 372
moelio, 376
•••ilno, 386
meddyg, 368
mesur (v.), 372
moelyn. 380
mnaodyn, 387
meddyges, 369
metal, 373
moeuo, 380
UlU :•<•.'< • W,
meddvginiaeth,
metlio, 373
moesgar, 380
::.-.. .-." ::' -',
368
metliwr, 373
moethau, 380
maigreUai, 386
meddylgar, 369
meth, 368
moethlyd, 360
meddylio, 368
methiant, 373
moetho, 380
»wd, 345. 1. 15
mefus, 373
methiantus, 373
moethus, 380
mwdral, 381
megin, 369
Methodist, 372
Moi, 376
mwdwl, 381
megis, 369
methu, 372
mol, 380
mwd)lo. 386
Mehefin, 369
mewian, 372
moldan, 377
mwg, 381
meichiau, 370
mewn, 372
moldio, 377
mwgwd, 381
meilwng, 370
mi (particle), 373
mollt, 384
mwll, 61, 381
meillion, 370
mi (pron.), 374
M6n, 377
mwmiaa, 381
meinar, 370
micws, 374
monni, 377
mwmro, 381
meindio, 370
mieri, 371
mopio, 377
mvrn, 381
meingefn, 370
mig, 374
mopran, 377
mwnd, 383
meingig, 370
migno, 374
mor, 377
mwnwft, 381
Meirionydd, 370
meistr, 375
meistres, 375
migwrn, 374
migwyn, 619
Mihangel, 169,!. 2
mor 377
mordan, 378
morddnon, 378
mwng, 381
mwngial, 383
mwngral, >8i
meistrolgar, 375
milain, 374
morddwyd, 378
mwrdro, 383
meistroli, 375
milddail, 374
morgaitch, 378
mwrdrwr, 383
meistrolwr, 375
mileinig, 376
Morgan, 378
mwrdwr, 383
meitin, 370
mileinio, 376
morgath, 378
rawrllwch, 381
meithrin, 370
milgi, 374
morgi, 378
mwrw, 383
mel, 370
milltir, 374
morgrng, 364
mwig, 383
melfare'd, 370
min, 374
morgyllell, 378
mw»og, 383
melfed, 370
minceg, 375
morhesg, 377
mwsoglyd, 383
melin, 370
miniar, 375
mono (' bore '),
m wit aid, 382
melinydd, 376
minin, 321, 1. 39
378
mwstro, 383
melus, 370
miniog, 375
mono (' go on the
mwtiwr, 382
melyn, 370
minnau, 375
sea*), 378
mwtri, 383
melynddu, 376
melynu, 376
min^ar, 375
mintag, 566
moriog. 378
morleisiad, 378
mwtro, 383
mwthlach, 383
melynwy, 376
mintys, 375
morlo, 378
mwthlan, 383
mellt, 371
"'iri, 375
mortals, 378
mwy, 383
melltigedig, 371
mis, 375
mortar, 378
mwyalchea, 149
melltith, 371
misi, 375
morteisio, 378
mwyar, 383
melltithio, 371
misio, 375
morticel, 379
mwyd, 383
men, 565
miw, 491,1.40
morthwyl, 383
mwydioo, 381
Menai, 371
mendio, 371
miwsig, 376
mlisin, 376
morwr, 379
morwyn, 379
mwyfwy, 384
604
Index
mwyglo, 384
nawfed, 398
noe, 398
of argar fannau ,40 8
mwyn, 384
nawio, 391
noeth, 398
ofargodi, 408
mwyn, er, 123
naws, 391
noethi, 397
ofarholio, 408
mwynan,66, 1. 4.?
nawsio, 398
noethni, 397
ofarweithio, 409
mwyn-galed, 384
neb, 392
nofio, 398
ofer, 408
mwynhau, 384
nee, 392
nog. 397
ofergoeledd, 408
mwythau, 380
nedd, 392
nogio, 397
ofergoelion, 408
mwytho, 380
neddai, 392
noglyd, 397
ofergoelus, 408
mwythus, 380
nefoedd, 394
nol, 397
ofn, 409
myn, 581
nefol, 394
nos, 397
ofnadsan, 409
myglyd, 386
negar, 392
nosi, 397
ofnadwy, 409
mygni, 386
neges, 392
noson,397
ofni, 409
mygn, 386
neidio, 392
noswaith, 397
ofnus, 409
mygyn, 386
neidr, 392
noswyl, 397
offeryn, 131
mympwy, 386
neilltu, 394
noswylio, 398
offrwm, 403
mymryn, 386
neilltuo, 394
notisio, 398
offrymu, 137, 404
myn (s.), 384
neilltuol, 394
Now, 398
og, 404, 619
myn (prep.), 386
neis, 392
nwyd, 398
ogof, 404
mynawyd, 43
mynci, 38?
neithior, 392
neithiwr, 392
nychdod, 399
nychlyd, 399
ogyn, 231
61 (adj.), 406
myned, 384
nerabren, 393
nychu, 399
61 (s.), 4°4> 2IO»
mynnu, 387
nepian, 393
nyddu, 399
397
mynwent, 377
neran, 393
nyddwr, 399
olwyn, 400
mynydd, 387
nerth, 393
nyni, 579
oil, 406
mynyddig, 387
nerthol, 393
nypnig, 399
ond, 406
myngus, 387
nes, 393
nyrs, 399
oni, 406
mysg, 386
n£s, 393
nyth, 399
onid, 398, 388
myswynog, 511
nesu, 394
nythiad, 399
on sal, 407
neu, 392
nythu, 399
opiniwn, 430
na,nac,nag ('not'),
newid (s.), 394
orainj, 407
389
newid (v.), 394
O (letter), 400
orclawdd, 407
na, nad (« that . . .
newydd, 394
o (interj.), 402
ordor, 407
not '), 389
newyn, 394
o (prep.), 400
ordro, 4°7>I59
na, nag ('nor'),
ni, 394
ocsiwn, 404
organ, 407
389
niclis, 395
ocwm, 404
oriog, 407
na, nag ('than'),
nico, 395
ochenaid, 404
os, 407
389
nics bol, 395
ocheneidio, 404
osgo, 408
nacau, 246, 391
nid, 394
ochr, 404
osgoi, 484
nad, 390
nifer, 395
ochri, 404
osio, 408
Nadolig, 99
nigmars, 374
ochrog, 404
ospitol, 408
nadu ('to cry'),
nmnau, 395
od,403
Owain, 409
39°
nionyn, 396
odiaeth, 403
nadu (' to pre-
nirin, 395
ods, 403
pa, 410
vent'), 390
nith, 395
odyn, 403
Pab, 413
nadd, 390
nithio, 395
oddi, 402, 403
pabwyr, 411
naddu, 390
Niwbwrch, 395
oed, 409
Pabydd, 411
nag (s-), 3SK>
niwc, 395
oedi, 404
Pabyddiaeth, 41 1
nai, 390
niwed, 395
oedran, 409
Pabyddol, 411
naid, 392
niweidio, 395
oel, 409
pac,*4ii
naill, 390
niweidiol, 395
oen, 409
pacio, 412
nain, 391
niwl, 395
oenyn, 404
padell, 411
nant, 391
niwlog, 395
oer, 410
pader, 411
narith, 391
nobl, 396
oerfel, 410
padlan, 411
nas,39i
noc, 397
oeri, 404
paen, 416
natur, 391
nocar, 397
oeriog, 404
paent, 416
naturiaeth, 391
nod, 396
oerllyd, 410
paentio, 417
naturiol, 391
naw('nine'), 391
nodi, 397
nodwydd, 399
oerni, 404
oes, 410
paentiwr, 417
pafins, 416
naw(' stock '),39i
uodwyddiad, 106
ofardyfu, 408
paffio, 411
Index
pahara, 412
pais, 411
pal, 412
paladr, 412
paladres, 432
palas, 412
palf (of an oar),
palf(;paw'),4i6
palfais, 412
palfalu, 452
paliad ('shovel-
ful'), 412
paliad ('stroke
with an oar '),
412
pali*,4i2
palmant, 412
palmantu, 412
palu('todig'),4i2
palu(c tonull with
an oar), 412
pall, 41 2
pallu, 412
pan, 421
pan, banner, 413
panal, 413
pandy, 413
pannu, 413
pannwr, 413
pant, 413
pantio, 413
pantiog, 413
pan tie, 413
Papistiaid, 413,
1-34
papur, 413
papuro, 413
plr, 413
parabl, 414
parablus, 441
paraffin, 414
paratoi, 414
parch, 4 14
parchu, 414
parchus, 414
pardwn, 414
parddu, 414
pardduo, 414
pared, 41 4
parbaol, 414
parhau, 413
parhaus, 414
par lei si o, 414,619
parlwr, 414
parlys, 414
pared, 415
parsal,4i5
partio, 415
p»iro» 4' 5
itrwm, 415
pat hew, 415
>aun, 410
4'7
partlol, 415
pwtb, 415
115
415
pasio, 415
', 4»5
MMtfti, 415
Mutynnu, 415
1,416
pawl, 416
pe, 416
pecyn, 418
pechod, 418
pechu, 418
pedoli, 451
pedwar, 416
pedwerydd, 416
penxl, 427
pefrio, 427
peg (' peck \4i6
P«g(<P«gr),4«6
pegad, 41 7
peidio, 417
l>eil, 417
peilio, 417
peilliadt4i7
peillio, 417
peilliwr, 417
peiswyn, 426
peithyn,4i7
pel, 4'8
pelen, 418
peltan, 418
pelydr, 4»4
pell, 418
pellen, 418
pellter, 418
pelltra, 418
pen ('head*), 419
pen ('pen'), 431
pen bawd, 418
pen-bawd, 421
pen ben, 418
penberwi, 418
pcnblcth, 418
4lS
*
«nci, 4
4'4
4"
4"
JMB«,4S1
peodramwnwgl,
p«dro,4'». 53*.
»• '7 .
pendwl
pendwmpuui^22,
107
p*ddi(*lj
p«Ddduyn, 412
penelih, 436
penfeddal, 423
penfeddw, 423
penfelrn, 423
penfrith. 423
penffrwyn, 422
434
peogmkd (s.), 4>4
pengampiwr, 424
pe^log»idd,4M
pengronyn, 424
; m^ytmj
424
pcn-gwyllt, 4^
penhwyad, 4"
peni, 421
penigarop, 424
penioot, 422
penisel, 422
penlas, 4JJ
penllwyd, 422
penllwydni, 422
pennill, 4"
penned, 4*2
pennoeth, 422
pennog, 4^
pennu, 412
penodol. 412
pemh,<id,4"
• 4^3
pet ho, 425
perllan, 42$
pero. 4
p«noB,4>5
4*5
•o, 452
pertchan. 425
pertrwyddt4J5
peftk,4»5
perthynaa, 426
^:416
J*
pUa.4^7
P?"?;
pibell.
6o6
Index
picin, 429
picio, 429
piti, 43i
pitio, 431
plwc(' pluck '),435
plwc(' pull'), 435
porfedog, 439
pori, 438
pictiwr, 429
pitrw, 431
plwg> 434
porth, 439
picws, 429
pi we, 432
plwm, 435
porthi, 439
piff, 428
piwiaid, 432
plwmp, 435
porthmon, 439
piffian, 428
piwis, 432
plwyf, 435
porthmonna, 439
pig, 428
piwro, 432
plycio, 436
posel, 439
pigfain, 429
piws, 432
piyg> 435
posibl, 439
pigfforch, 429
pladres, 432
plygiad, 436
post, 439
pigiad, 428
pladur, 432
piygu, 436
postio, 439
pigion, 428
pladurio, 432
plymen, 436
pot, 440
piglwyd, 428
pladurwr, 432
plymio, 436
potas, 440, 206,
piglyd, 428
plaen (adj.), 433
plympio, 436
1- 37
pigo, 428
plaen (s.), 433
plyndro, 436
potch, 440
pigog, 429
plaenio, 433
po, 421,1. 17
potchan (s.), 440
pigsofl, 429
Plag, 432
pob, 436
potchan (v.), 440
pigyn, 428
plagio, 432
pobi, 437
potcho (' botch '),
pil (< peel '), 430,
plagns, 432
pobiad, 437
440
1-5
plaid, 432
pobi, 437
potcho ('poach'),
pil ('shovel'), 429
plan, 432
poblog, 437
440
piler, 429
plane, 432
poblogaidd, 437
potel ('bottle'),
pileriad, 433
planced, 433
pobman, 437
440
pileru, 433
planed 1,41
pobwraig, 437
potel (' bundle '),
pilffro, 429
planio, 432
poced, 437
440
pilin, 429
plannu, 432
pocedu, 437
potelaid, 440
pilio, 430
plant, 432
poen, 441
poten, 440
pilion, 430
planta, 432
poeni, 437
potio, 440
pils, 450
Plas, 433
poenus, 441
potiwr, 440
pilyn, 430, 1. 5
plastr, 433
poeri, 437
powdro, 440
pill, 430
piastre, 433
poeryn, 441
powdwr, 440
pin, 430
plastrwr, 433
poeth, 441
powld, 440
pine (adj.), 43°
plat, 433
poethder, 441
powldyn, 441
pine (s.), 430
platiad, 433
poethi, 437
powlen, 440
pincio, 431
pledio, 433
poethwal, 441
powliad, 441
pinco, 431
plediwr, 433
poliparat, 437
powlio, 441
pincws, 431
pledu, 433
polyn, 438
powliwr, 441
pincyn, 430
plefian, 434
pone, 438
powltan, 441
pinionllyd, 430
pleidio, 433
poncen, 438
powltris, 441
pinionus, 430
pleidiol, 433
poncio, 438
powltrisio, 441
piniwn, 430
pleidiwr, 433
ponciog, 438
pownd, 441
pinuas, 430
pleser, 433
ponco, 438
powndio, 441
pinsiad, 430
pleserus, 434
poncyn, 438
praff, 442
pinsiar, 430
plesio, 434
ponsh, 438
praffter, 442
pinsin, 430
plet, 434
ponsio, 438
prancio, 442
pinsio, 430
pletan, 434
ponsiwr, 438
pratio, 442
pioden, piogen, 38
pletio, 434
pont, 438
prawf, 442
Pip, 431
pleth, 434
pontbren, 438
preblian, 442
pirim, 431
plethen, 434
pontio, 438
preblyn, 442
piser, 431
plethu, 434
popa, 438
pregeth, 442
piseraid, 431
plicio, 434
popeth, 438
pregethu, 446
piso, 431
pistyll, 431
Plisg> 434
plisgen, 434
poplys ('pop-
lars'), 438
pregethwr, 446
pregeth wrol, 442
pistyllio, 431
plismon, 434
poplys (' pop-
pregowtha, 59
pisyn, 431
plith, 434
pies '), 438
pregowthan, 446
pit (' bit '), 431
plocyn, 434
poptn, 438
pregowthwr, 446
pit ('pit'), 431
ploryn, 434
popty, 438
preifat, 442
pitch (' pitch '),
plotiog, 42
porcyn, 439
preimin, 442
43i
plu, 435
porchell, 439
pren, 442
pitch('bitch'),432
pluo, 436
porfa, 439
prentis, 442
6o7
prentisiaeth, 442
pryderu, 446
pwtchan, pwtcho,
nudo, 453
prentisio, 442
pryderus, 446
449
racs, .;
prep, 442
prydlon, 446
pwtcn, 449
racsio, 453
prepian, 442
prydlondeb, 446
pwti, 449
racsiog, 453
pres, 443
presant, 443
prydnawn, 4)6
prydnawnfwyd,
pwtian, 449
pwtog, 449
ra«|wr, 453
racallyd, 453
pric, 443
436
pwtyn, 449
r»fin, 453
pricio (' prick '),
prydweddol, 446
pwy,
vw
rafio,
443
pricio (' stick '),
pryf.445 f
pryfeta, 446
pwyeilydd, 447
|.w)Il, 449
«fiwr, 453
raflio, 453
443
pryfyn, 446
pwyllog, 449
r*K. 45 >
pricsiwn, 443
pryraia, 258,1.33
pwylltra, 449
rigiau. 452
pridd, 443
pryn, 446
pwynt, 449
ragllyd, 452
priddo, 443
prynu, 446
pwyntio, 447
r»!i. 453
prifio, 444
prysur, 446
pu yntus, 449
randrad, randi
prin, 443
prysnro, 446
pwyntyl, 447
453
prinder, 443
ptrw, 447
pwyo, 449
r*P, 453
print, 443
pulpud, 450
449
ri«('njoO.4j
printan, 443
pum, 450
pwysi, 447
printio, 443
pumed, 450
pwysig, 447
453
priod, 443
pumllath, 450
pwysigrwydd, 447
ratal. 453
priodas, 444
pump, 450
pwyso, 450
ra*io. 453
priodi, 444
pumpunt, 450
pwyth ('stitch'),
rasmwa, 453
priodol, 444
pumpvvys, 450
45<>
pris, 444
punt, 450
pwyth, talu, etc.,
r&w, 454
priwitch, 444
puo, 450
450
re»ins, 454
proc, 444
pupro, 451
pwytho (• pay
n«t, 454
procar, 445
pupur, 450
out '), 450
rics, 454
prociad,444
pur, 451
pwytho ('stitch'),
ridens, 453
procio, 444
purion, 451
45°
rinc, 463, L 10
prociog, 445
puro, 451
pycs, 451
ringio, 454
profedigaeth, 445
pwar, 447
pydew, 451
ringlar, 454
profi, 445
profiad. 445
pwdin, 447
pwdr, 447
pydrn (' powder '),
45*
ringlio, 454
ringio, 454
profiadol, 445
pwff, 447
pydru('rot'),45i
479,1 13
profocio, 446
pwffiad, 447
pyg» 45 «
riular, 454
profoclyd, 446
pwffian, 447
pygddu, 451
riwlio, 454
proffes, 444
pwffin, 447
pygiyd. 451
robin, 454
proffesu, 444
pwffio, 447
pygu, 45 i
rig, 455
proffit, 444
pwint, 447, 617
pylgain. 436
rogy?. 455
proffitiol, 444
pwl, 447
pyis, 450
rongiwr, 455
proffwydo, 444
pwlffan, 447
pyla, 451
rorio, 455
proffwydoliaeth,
420, 1. 27
pwlffyn, 447
pwll, 448
pymtheg, 451
pymthegfed, 451
rotchwn, 455
rowl. 455
prog, 444
pwmp, 448
pys, 451
rowlar, 455
progio, 444
pwmpio, 448
pysgod, 451
rowlio, 455
progiwr, 444
pwn, 448
pysgota, 452
rownd, 455
progwraig, 444
pwnc, 448
pysgotwr, 452
ru ban, 456
propor, 445
pwniad, 448
pysl, 452
row, 454
prudd, 446
pwnio, 448
pyslo, 452
rwb, 455
pruddaidd, 446,
pwnsiad, 448
pytyn, 453
rwbal, 455
prws, 445
pwrpas, 448
pythefnos, 447
rwdin^
pryd (' com-
pwrpasol, 448
rwdlan, 455
plexion '), 446
jnvr>, 448
Pharaoh, 129
rwdwl, ^56
pryd (' time,
pwrws, 448
rwg. 456
meal'), 445,58
pwsi, 448
rabio, 453
rw^io, 456
pryd ('when?')
pwt (' scrap '), 448
rabiwr, 452
rwm, 456
445
pwt (call to cat),
rabsan, 453
rwtch, 456
pryder, 446
449
rac, 453
rwtcho, 456
6o8
Index
rybelwr, 456
rhes, 460
rholyn, 466
rhydlyd, 469
ryff, 456
rhesel, 460
rhonc (adj.), 466
rhydu, 469
\ £
ryn, 456
rhesen, 460
rhonc (s.), 466
rhydd, 468
rhesiad, 461
rhoncian, 466
rhyddfrydwr, 135,
rhabwst, 456
rb.es io, 461
rhonciog, 466
1. 14, 211, 1. 16
rhacio, 458
rhesog, 460
rhonclyd, 466
rhyddhau, 561
rhad (adj.), 457
rhesn, 461
rhos, 466
rhyddid, 469
rhad (s.), 45^
rheswm, 461
rhos Mari, 466
rhyddni, 469
rhadlon, 457
rhesymol, 515
rhostio, 466
rhyfedd, 470
rhaeadr, 461
rhesymu, 470
rhosyn, 466
rhyfeddod, 470
rhaff, 457
rhew, 461
rhowc, 466
rhyfeddol, 470
rhaffio, 457
rhewi, 461
rhowcio, 466
rhyfeddu, 470
rhaffu, 457
rhewynt, 461
rhuad, 468
rhyfel, 470
rhag, 457
rhialtwch, 461
rhuddallt, 469
rh-yfyg> 47°
rhagddor, 457
rhibidires, 461
rhuddin, 462
rhyfygu, 470
Rhagfyr, 458
rhibin, 461
rhuddion, 462
rhyg> 469
rhagor, 457
rhidens, 453
rhugl, 462
rhygnu, 469
rhagori, 458
rbidwll, 462
rhugliwr, 462
rhynion, 470
rhagorol, 458
rhidyll, 461
rhuglo, 462
rhynllyd, 470
rhagrith, 458
rhidyllio, 462
rhuglon, 462
rhynnu, 470
rhai, 459
rhieni, 462
rhuo, 469
rhys, 469
rhaib, 458
rhif, 464
rhuso, 464
rhyslaw, 470
rhaid (adj.), 45§
rhigol, 462
rhuthro, 469
rhythu, 470
rhaid (s.), 458
rhigwm, 462
rhuthrog, 469
rhyw, 464, 454
rhaits, 458
rhimin, 462
rhuthrwynt, 469
rhywbeth, 455
rhan, 458
rhinc, 463
rhuw, 454
rhywiog, 466
rhannog, 458
rhincas, 463
rhwbio, 466
rhywle, 456
rhannu, 458
rhincian, 463
rhwd (measure),
rhywrai, 456
rhasgl, 458
rhinclyd, 463
467
rhywsut, 456
rhaw, 458
rhincyn, 463
rhwd (« rust'), 466
rhywun, 4*6
rhawaid, 459
rhiniog, 463
rhwdlan, 45 5 , 467
rhywyr, 466
rhawn, 459
rhinwedd, 463
rhwdlio, 467
rhech, 460
rhinweddol, 463
rhwffio, 467
s (infixed pro-
rhechain, 460
rhip, 463
rhwnc, 467
noun), 470
rhechu, 460
rhipio, 463
rhwng, 467
sach, 472
rhedeg, 459
rhisg, rhisgl, 463
rhwtcho, 456
sachaid, 472
rhedegog, 459
rhisglo, 463
rhwtrwd, rhwtrws,
sachlen, 473
rhedfa, 459
rhisgyn, rhisglyn,
468
sad, 470
rhediad, 459
463
rhwyd, 468
sadio, 471
rhedwr, 459
rhith, 464
rhwydo, 468
sadrwydd, 471
rhedyn, 459
rhithio, 464
rhwydd, 468
Sadwrn, 471
rhefru, 461
rhithod, 464
rhwyf, 468
saeds, 473
rheffyn, 459
rhithyn, 464
rhwyfo, 468
saer, 473
rheg, 459
rhiw, 464
rhwyg, 468
Saesneg, 480
rhegen, 454
rhiwbob, 464
rhwygiad, 467
Saesnes, 480 ]
rheglyd, 459
rhiwmatis, 464
rhwygo, 462
saeth, 473
rhegu, 459
rhocian, 465
rhwyllog, 468
saethu, 480
rhegwr, 459
rhochi, 465
rhwym, 468
saethwr, 480
rheibus, 461
rhochiad, 465
rhwymo, 467
saf, 470
rheinws, 460
rhod, 464
rhwym yn, 468
safio, 473
rheiol, 460
rhoden, 464
rhwystr, 467
safle, 473
rhemp, 460
rhodienna, 464
rhwystro, 467
safn, 473
rhempio, 460
rhodio, 464
rhy, 468
safndrwm, 473
rhenc, 460
rhodres, 464
rhybudd, 469
safnio, 473
rhencio, 460
rhodresgar, 464
rhybuddio, 469
safon, 473
rheol, 463
rhoddi, 464
rhych, 469
saff, 471
rheoli, 463
rhol, 455
rhycliu, 470
saffrwm, 471
rheolus, 463
rholbren, aio
rhychwr, 469
sagio, siagio ('eat
rhent, 460
rholio, 466
rhyd, 468
hurriedly'), 47 1
•agio, tiagio
T' hack'), 47 1
»agio(4«ack'),47i
•agmagU), 471
•Mb, 47 »
•ail, 471
•aim, 47 1
•aln, 471
SaU,47i
•aith, 471
•alari, 47 a
•alimandar, 471
•altan, 473
•alwch, 47 a
•amon, 473
•ant, 471
•*"£, 473
•arff, 472
•arhau, 53,!. 17
•am, 473
samu, 473
•arrug. 47^
•aaiwn, 473
Satan, 478
sathru, 47.^
•awdl, 499
»wl, 473
•*wr, 473
sawrio, 499
Sbanlan, 474
•bar, 474
sbaraitch, 474
s»barbli», 474
sbario, 474
sbatch, 474
sbecian, sbccio,
475
sbcctal, 475
sbeirws, 474
sbeitio, 475
sbcitlyd, 475
•bel, 475
sbena, 475
sben«, 475
sbcnglas, 475
sb»o, 475
sbiwr. 475
sbladdrio. \
sbloit, 475
sbdc«, 475
sbond 476
sbondio, 476
sbort, 476
sbotiog, 476
sbotyn, 476
sbowt, 476
sbranu, 476
1481
- : ' , •
479. 50J,
MM*, 480
•cfyllian, 480
•cgur, 477
wriUan-
•cilin. 477
»cimly
•da, ,
rfl
:
•eler, 478
. if
47«
MM, 478
_
• h .,
478
•00801,478
M| •::. 47^
(».). 47*
- ^ "
t r
6io
Index
sgrwtch, 486
sicr, 490
sirif, 491
slemp (s.), 493
sgrwtian, 486
sicrhau, 490
siriol, 491
slempan, 493
sgrwtyn, 487
sicrwydd, 490
sirioli, 491
slempio, 493
sgryfinllan, 487
sidan, 489
sisial, 518
slensio, 494
sgryfinllyn, 487
siec, 517
sish-sish, 518
slentan, 493
sgrympiog, 487
sieced, 554
sist, 491
slewt, 494
sgut, 488
siefio, 518
siswrn, 491
slewtan, 494
sgwals, 487
sieflan, 518
sitrach, 491
slimio, 493
sgwar, 487
sielffiar, 517
sitrvvs, 520
slimiwr, 494
sgwario, 487
siesh, 518
siw, 491
slimin, 494
sgwrfa, 487
siespin, 518
siwat, 518
slinsio, 494
sgwrio, 487
sifl, 518
siwc, 519
sling ('sling'),
sgwrs, 487
siffrwd, 489
siwch, 519
494
sgwrsio, 487
sigl, 489
siwgr, 519
sling (' strip of
sgwrsiwr, 487
sigl-denyn, 489
siwio, 519
land'), 494
sgwtch, 487
siglen, 489
siwr, 519
slip, 494
sgwtcho, 487
sigl-gnoi, 489
siwrnai, 519
slipars, 494
sgybyrlyddio, 488
siglo, 489
siwt, 518
slipio, 494
sgyfflar, 488
sil, 490
siwtio, 518
sliw, 494
sgynnydd, 488
silf, 490
siwtiol, 518
sliwio, 494
sgyrbadas, 488
siliad, 490
siwtrws, 520
slo, 494
sgyrlio, 488
siliffrit, 490
slac, 492
slobio, 494
sgyrshn, 488
silio, 490
slacio, 492
slobryn, 495
si, 489
silod, sils, 490
slaf, 492
slofi, 495
siaced, 554
simant, 495
slafan, 492
slot, 495
siafins, 517
simbil, 490
slafio, 492
slotian, 495
siaffrwd, 516
simnai, 490
slafrio, 494
slump, 495
siafft (of a cart),
simpl, 490
slaffio, 491
slumpar, 495
516
simsan 490
slanu, 492
slwt, 495
siafft (in quar-
sinach, 518
slanwr, 492
slwtch, 495
ries), 516
sine (' report '),
slap, 492
slwtian, 495
sial, 516
491
slapan, 492
smach, 495
sialgraig, 516
sinc(* sink '), 490
siapio, 492
sment, 495
siamber, 516
sine ('zinc'), 491
slas, slaes, 492
smic, 495
siampl, 516
sincio (' curse '),
slasan, 492
smician, 495
Sia-n, 516
49 *
slash, 492
smit, 496
sianel, 516
sincio(' sink ^,491
slasio, 492
smitio, 496
Siani, 516
sinclyd, 491
slasiwr, 492
smitlaw, 496
siap, 516
sinsir, 518
slebog, 492
smocell, 496
siapio, 516
singo, 31, 1. 6
slec (adj.), 493
smocio, 496
siapri, 516
sio, 490
slec, slecs (s.),
smongar, 496
siapus, 516
sioe, 519
493
smot, 496
siar, 516
siol, 518
slecio, 493
smotiog, 496
siarad, 517
siomedig, 498
sled, 492
smotyn, 496
siaradus, 517
siomedigaeth, 498
slediad, 493
smwc, 496
siarad wr, 516
siomi, 498
sledio, 493
smwclaw, 496
siarog, 517
Sion, 518
slef, 494
smwddio, 496
siarp, 517
sionc, 519
siefio, 494
smwf, 496
siarpio, 517
Sionyn, 518
slefran (s.), 494
smwfio, 497
siarprwydd, 517
siop, 519
slefran, slefrian
smwt ('rainy'),
siars, 517
siopwr, 519
(v.)> 494
496
siarsio, 517
siopwraig, 519
slefriwr, 494
smwt (* snub '),
siasp, 517
siot (' payment'),
sleifars, 493
496
siawns, 517
519
sleifio, 493
snachu, 497
siawnsio, 519
siot ('food'), 519
sleinsio, sleisio,
snap, 497
sibedu, 474
Sipan, 518
494
snec, 497
sibols, 489
sipian, 491
slem, 493
sneip, sneipan,497
sibrwd, 489
Sipsiwn, 518
slemio, 493
snel, 497
sicion, 490
sir, 518
slemp (adj.), 493
sniffwl, 497
inisin, 497
tnorit, 497
•noli, 497
mmmmt .»•//
snwffwl, 497
•obr, 497
•obri, 407
•obrwydd, 498
t«a
•och, 498
•odlil498
•odro, 408
loeglen,
£ fc ,
•6n (T.), 49«
•01^,498
sopen, 408
son i, 498
sort, 519
sortio, 519
sosan, 499
•oter, 499
»o*i, 519
so«ij, 499
w«injar, 499
sospan, 409
•wpcnnad, 499
sotvn, 499
soihach, 499
sowdiwr, 499
sowml, 499
sowndars, 499
sowndio, 499
sowth, 499
sp [sbj
stabal, 499
staen, 500
staenio, 501
staes, 501
staffaldia, 499
staffaldio, 500
sUffio, 500
staffiwr, 500
stagro, stogrio,
500
stalan, 500
stalcan, 501
stamp, 500
gtampar, 500
stampin, 500
stampio, 500
standar(t), 500
stacdinffollach,
500
stansb, 500
•Urfto, joo
•Urtcbo, 500
.'- V.U' .: .
•tit ('iutO,*oo
•tclcan, 501
»t clear, 501
A : .A... . ,i
- • - §
ttifto, 501
Uiffrwytld, 501
50«
itillo, 501
stimddnrg, 501
5oa
stitch, 501
ttiwmrd, 504
502
rtiwpid, 501
•tiwpio, 501
stiwprwydd, 503
stocyn, $oa
*t6l, 502
ttomp, 501
storopiu, 503
itompiwr, joj
•tood, 503
stoodin, 503
ttopio, 503
•tor, 503
•tordjrn, 503
«tori, 503, 504,
L39
rtoryn, 503
•totyn, 503
sio* can, 503
•towci, 503
ttowtio, 503
•towt, 503
•me, «n«i tui>i
504
straen, 504
straffaglio, 504
straffaldun, 904
straffaldjn, 504
straffio, 504
strafTwch, 504
•ua|*a,fta«
^.|0|
- i
• ,
•>
V
i
612
Index
swmpach, 510
syr, 515
talm, 522
tchoc ('chalk'),
swn, 510
syrffad, 515
talog, 522
554
swnd, 510
syrffedu, 515
talp, 522
tchoc (' joke '),
swnian, 510
syrth, 513
talpiog, 522
554
swnio, 510
syrthio, 515
talu, 522
tchocio, 554
swnllyd, 510
syrthni, 516
tamaid, 522
te, 527
swnnyn, 510
syth, 514
tamp, 522
tebot, 527
swp, 510
sythu, 516
tampio, 523
tebyg, 527
sftp, 5Jo
tamplyd, 523
tebygaswn, 1 1 1 ,
swpan, 510
tamprwydd, 523
558
svvper, 510
tabl, 69
tan, 523
tebygol, 558
swpera, 475
tabs, 520
tan, 523
tebygwn, 59, 558
swrth, 5 1 i
tac, 521
tanbaid, 522
tecall, 528
swrwd, 519
tacio, 521
tanbeidrwycld, 522
teg, 527
sws, 511
taclatt, 521
tanio, 523
tegan, 527
swsan, 511
taclu, 521
tanlliw, 523
tegwch, 527
swta, 511
taclus, 521
tanllwyth, 523
tei, 528
swydd, 511
tacluso, 521
tanllyd, 523
teid, 528
swyn, 511
Tachwedd, 521
tanodd, 523
teidi, 528
swynol, 511
tad, 520
tant, 524
teilchion, 528
sybwbio, 477
taen, 527
tantio, 524
teiliwr, 528
sych, 512
syched, 514
taenellu, 531
taenfa, 531
tantro, 524
tanwydd, 524
teilo, 528
teilwng, 528
sychiad, 514, 1. 28
taenu, 524
tap, 524
teilyngdod, 528
sychlyd, 514
taer, 527
tapar, 524
teimlad, 528
sychtwr, 514
taerineb, 528
tapio, 524
teimladwy, 528
sychu, 514
taeru, 531
tar, 524
teimlo, 528
sydyn, 514
tafarn, 525
taran, 524
teirawr, 528
sydynrwydd, 514
tafarndy, 525
taranllyd, 540
teirblwydd, 528
syflyd, 516
tafarnwr, 525
taranu, 540
teirgwaith, 528
syfrdanu, 516
tafell, 525
taraw, 541, 524
teisen, 528
syldrafat, 514
tafl, 525
tarawiad, 540
teisio, 528
sylfaen, 513
tafliad, 538
tarawiadol, 540
teisiwr, 528
sylfaenu, 513
taflod, 525
tarddiad, 524
telerau, 528
sylffal, sylfFar, 514
taflu, 525
tarddu, 524
teligrafftio, 528
sylw, 513
tafod, 526
taro, 524, 541
telmi, 528
sylwedd, 514
tafod-drwg, 526
tarts, 524
telpyn, 528
sylweddol, 514
tafodi, 526
tarth, 524
telyn, 529
sylwi, 514
tafol, 526
tarw, 525
tempar, 529
symbyliad, 514
taffi, 520
tas, 525
tempro, 529
symbylu, 514
tagell, 520
tasg, 525
temtasiwn, 529
symgar, 515
tagfa, 520
taslo, 525
tenant, 529
syml, 490
tagu, 520
tatws, 525
tendar, 529
symlrwydd, 490
taid, 520
taw, 525
tendio, 529
symud, 515
tail, 520
tawedog, 526
teneu, 529
symudiad, 495
taith, 521
tawel, 526
teneuo, 559
symudliw, 495
tal, 521
tawelu, 526
tenewyn, 559
syn, 513
tal ('pay'), 521
tawelwch, 526
tennyn, 560
syndod, 515
tal('frons'), 521
tchaen, 554
tent, 529
synfyfyrdod, 513
talaith, 521
tchans, 554
tep, 529
synfyfyrio, 513
talar, 521
tchap, 554
terfyn, 529
synfyfyriol, 513
talbo, 521
tchar, 554
terfysg, 530
syniad, 515
talcen, 522
tcharff, 554
term, 529
synnn, 515
talch, 528
tcharffio, 554
terrig, 529
synnwyr, 515
taldra, 521
tchariad, 554
tes, 530
synwyro, 497
taldras, 521, 536
tcheni, 554
tesog, 530
synwyrol, 497
talentog, 521
tcherc, 554
testyn, 530
sypi°> 515
talgryf, 521
tchet, 554
teth, 530
sypyn> 5"
tali, 521
tchirins, 554
teulu, 531
tenluaidd, 531
tew (adj.), 530
tew (i.), 530
tewdrwm, 530
tcwdwr, 530
tewglyd, 530
tewychn, 554
tewychu«, 554
tewyn, 53 »
teyrn, 531
ticad, 531
tical («.), 531
tical (v.), 531
tidau, 531
tido, 531
tila, 532
ti", 532
tmbocth, 533
tinbren, 533
tine, 533
tincer, 533
tlncera, 533
tincian, 533
tinchwith, 533
tindras, 533
tin-droi, 533
tindrwm, 533
tinddu, 533
tinion, 533
tinllach, 533
tin-llipa, 532
tinslip, 533
tinwen, 533
tip, 533
tipad, 533
tipian, 533
tipy», 533
tir, 533
tirion, 533
tirsiau, 533
tisian, 534
titw, 534, 94
tithau, 534
tiwn 534
tlawd, 534, 361
tlodaidd, 534
tlodi (&.), 534
tlodi (v.), 534
tlws, 370
to ('roof *),534
to (' taw '), 534
toe, 534
tocio, 534
tocyn ('heap')o35
tocyn (-token),
535
toe.,539
toddi, 534
• : !. | 5 4
torn,
toi, 534
to c, 535
tolcio, 535
tolciog, 535
lolpio, 535
tolpyn
tolyn,
Jon.535
TotMt/535
;»
tool, 5
tonnog, 536
top ('top, m
out-
top (toy), 536
topyn (• knob
536
topyn (to fill a
Vole), 536
topyn ('top'), 536
tor, 536
torcalonnut, 537
torch, 537
torchi, 537
tordraa, 521
loreithiog, 536
toreth, 536
torgwd, 536
torlan, 538
torllwyd, 538
torllwyth, 538
tormach, 99
torogen, toa
torri, 536
torrog, 538
tomrr, 538
towyth, 538
538
to»t, 538
tostedd, 538
tostio, 538
tosturi, 538
towal, 538
towr, 525
tra,539
triUl. 539
ti«dwy, 539
traean,
traen, 541
.
iraiaci. 540
,
traiall. 541
tram wy, 345,1.40
tiad,
-,,.. : 54
tmfHftdol.540
traw», 540
treck.
trechu.
tTefno,
Urigl, 54«
treigU:
trek) (»ebbr), 545
treipaa, 54J
treiriwr, 541
tremio, 54>
541
fed. 543
trtrio.543
iretio, 543
tretb.
trctbw
ttwlio, 541
:
: JT.I
iroa, toj
traecdd, ^48
tfoecdd.101
6i4
Index
trowsus, 548
tunnell, 557
tymer, 558
uffern, 571
truan, 552
turio, 533
tymheraidd, 558
ugain, 227
trueni, 552
turner, 560
tymheru, 558
ugeinfed, 227
truenus, 552
turs, 533
tymherus, 558
ulw, 571
tragaredd, 544
tusw, 557
tymor, 558
un, 572
trum, 104
tuth, 534
tymplan, 559
unfon, 573
truth, 552
tuthio, 534
tyn (adj.), 557
unffon, 572
trw, trwi, 550
tw, 554
tyn (s.), 557
unglust, 573
trwbl, 550
twb, 554
tyndir, 559
unig, 227
trwblo, 550
twca, 554
tyner, 559
union, 227
trwblus, 550
twel, 538
tynerwch, 559
unioni, 396
trwch, 550
twf, 554
tynfa, 560
unlle, 572
trwchus, 550
twlc C hovel ')»
tynhau, 559
uno, 572
trwlan, 550
555
tyniad, 559
unol, 572
trwlyn, 550
twlc ('toss'), 554
tynnu, 559
unpiyg, 572
trwm, 550
twlcio, 555
tynghedig, 560
unto, 573
trwmbel, 551
twlciog, 555
tyngu, 560
untroed, 573
trwodd, 550
twll, 555
tyrbwd, 560
unwaith, 573
trwp, 551
Twm, 555
tyre, 560
us, 573
trwsgl, 551
twmpath, 555
tyrcan, 560
ust, 229
trwsiadus, 551
twnffed, 555
tyrcio, 556
ustus, 581
trwsio, 551
twr, 555
tyrci pel, 560
usw, 573
trwst, 551
twr, 555
tyrchio, 560
uwchben, 573,550,
trwstan, 551
twrci, 556
tyrchwr, 560
1.32
trwy, 551
twrcio, 556
tyrfa, 561
uwchlaw,573,499,
trwyadl, 552
twrch, 556
tyrfu, 561
1. 16
trwyn, 552
twrnai, 556
tyrnar, 560
uwd, 573
trwynio, 550
twrw, 556
tyrnio, 561
trwynsur, 551
twt (adj.), 556
tyrpag, 561
trwyth, 552
twt (interj.), 556
tyrru, 561
wab, 567
trybaeddu, 553
twtch (for
tysan, 561
waffan, 567
trybedd, 552
horses), 556
tyst, 557
wagen, 169
trybeilig, 552
twtch ('touch'),
tystio, 561
walbant, 567
trybini, 553
556
tywallt, 538, 535
walbio, 567
trybola, 553
tryc, 553
twtcho, 556
twtio, 556
tywalltu, 535, 538
tywarch, 556
walblad, 567
vvalbon, 568
tryciad, 553
twyll, 556
tywod, 538
waldio, 568
trychfil, 553
twyllo, 556
tywodlyd, 538
waldras, 568
trydydd, 553
twyllwr, 556
tywotir, 538
waled, 567
tryfastod, 553
twymn, 556
tywydd, 538
walpio, 568
tryfer, 553
twymniad, 555
tywyll, 539
wampio, 568
tryfrith, 553
twymno, 555
tywyllni, 555
wan, 568
tryfwl, 551
ty, 557
tywyllu, 555
wane, 570, 1. 33
trylau, 553
tyaid, 557
tywyllwch, 555
war, 568
trymaidd, 553
tyb, 557
tywynnu, 555
wardio, 568
trymedd, 553
tybed, 558
tywys (s.), 556
warpio, 568
trymhau, 553
tybio, 558
tywys (v.), 556
wasbws, 568
trymllyd, 553
tybo, 558
tywysen, 556
wast (' waist '),
trymp, 553
tycio, 558
tywyso, 556
568
trysor, 553
tydi, 327
wast (' waste '),
tryst, 553
tydithau, 327
568, 175
trystio, 553
tyddyn, 558
uchel, 571
watch, 568
tu, 557
tyfadwy, 561
uchenaid, 404
watchad, watcho,
tuchan, 557
tyfu, 561
ucheneidio, 404
568
tudalen, 557
tylath, 558
uchter, 575
wdwan, 561
tudded, 557
tylino, 534, 265
udo, 398
we, 568
tuedd, 557
tylwyth, 558
ufndd, 573
wech, 569
tueddu, 557
tyllog, 558
ufudd-dod, 573
wedi, 568
tulath, 558
tyllu, 558
ufuddhau, 573
wedyn, 569
wciar, 569
wcindio, 569
weip, 569
u< ij>i .•!, ~/»)
weiran, 569
weitio, 569, 178
wejan ('wedge'),
§69
wejan ('wench ' ,
569
wel, 569
wcl-di-rt, 569
welffan, 569
wein, 569
wen (flam, 569
wensgod, 569
wermod, 570
-570
westras, 570
wetio, 570
wfft, 561
wflftio, 561
whilio, 213
wics, 370
wil-wyn, 570
wimblad, 570
wine, 570
winciad, 570
winsi, 570
wisgi, 570
witch, 570
witcho, 571
witi, 571
witin, 571
wmbredd, 562
wmro, 562
wob, 571
wrjo, 215
wrogl, 562
with, 562
wstid, 562
wy, 563
wybr, 571
\Vyddfa, 571
wyneb, 192
wyneb-galed, 192
wyneb-galedwch,
192
wynebn, 192
wynepryd, 188
#yr, 563
wyrcws, 571
wyres, 563
wysg, 563
wyth, 563
wythbunt, 563
wythbwys, 563
wythfed, 563
wytbnos, 562
7 (article), 573,
45'. 456
y (panicle), $74.
45'
ych, 571
ychwaneg, 338
ychwanegu, 338
ychydig, 334
yd. 57*
yj*.58f
yfory, 566
Tffloo, 575
y»», 57*. 359
ymadael, 359
ymadrodd, 359
ymdaera, 575
ymdrech, 575
yradrechfa, 575
ymdrechgar, 575
ymdrecho, 575
ymdreiglo, 101,
ymdrochi, 575
ymdroi, 575
ymdrwsio, 575
ymddwyn, 575
ymddwyn, 575
ymennydd, 371
ymenyn, 371
ymestyn, 388
ymfflamychn, 575
ymffrost, 575
ymflfrostio, 576
ymgecru, 576
ymgegu, 576
ymgerian, 576
ymgernial, 576
ymgrafu, 576
ymgripian, 576
ymgroes, 576
ymgroesi, 576
ymguddio, 373
ymguro, 576
yrahel, 388
ymladd, 576
ymlftdd, 576
ymlafnio, 576
ymlid, 576
ymocbel, 377
ynoofyn, 380 .
ymokhi, 377
ymollwng, 381
ymorol, 378
ymo«>d, 379
ymotbren, 377
ymrafael, 380
ymrafaelio, 380
ymrannu, 380
yrwan, 455
yrhawg, 459
y«. 470. 1- 3'
ysbacbo, 474
ytbachwT, 474
ytbardono, 474
ysbawd, 474
y«beilio, 474
ytbinagl, 475
ysblo, 475
':-}• Ml '. 4T'1
pfeoMhntjfi
yiMm
FWd :
y^wnal,,
ytbwylio, 4
iff
WfodA.481
6i6
Index
ysgy faint, 489
ysmalhau, 495
ystori, 503, 504,
ystwffwl, 507
ysgyfarnog, 487
ysmic, 495
1.39
ystwyth, 581
ysgyflu, 482, 488
ysmwcan, 496
ystorm, 503
ystwytho, 508
ysgylfn, 482, 488
ysgyren, 488
ysnoden, 497
ystad, 500
ystormus, 503
ystranc, 504
ystyfnig, 509
ystyfnigrwydd,
ysgyrnygu, 488
ystaenio, 501
ystrancio, 504
50Q
ysgytio, 489
ystalwyn, 500
ystrodur, 506
ystyllen, 508
ysgythru, 489
ystang, 500
ystryd, 506
ystyried, 509
ysictod, 490
ysten, 501
ystryw, 506
ystyriol, 509
ysigo, 489
ystent, 501
ystrywgar, 506
ysu, 581
yslac, 492
ystiward, 502
ystudio, 501
yswil, 512
yslacio, 492
ystlum, 495
ystum, 502
yswildod, 512
yslafan, 492
ystod, 580
ystumddrwg, 501
ysywaeth, 499
ysmala, 495
ystol, 502
ystumio, 502
ytbys, 450
ysmaldod, 495
ystor, 503
ystumiog, 502
yw, 229
6|7
CORRIGENDA ET ADDENDA
p. a. 1. 30. for a read *r
p. 9. 1. 1 3. for to rtad about
p. 9. 1. 14. for
p. i a. . 10. ata
p. 12.
• to wait long for * read • to UtWi vtakto^faf far
i a. for x*d*y tad
14. for jO/e/S ret
1 , r
p. 14.
p. 14.
p. aa.
P- 33-
p. 3i.
p.'p; 1.27. biiifuda*. Add 'a wry ttrong dark MM
aprons, etc.*
p. 41. 1. 30. for ma.-r read wo: r
p. 43. 1. 19.
. 10. for ar:s read a&i
31. for f>u:ynt read f>u:tnt
10. for
. 36. add ' pregnant '.
p. 43. 1.35. adcfAffUrffefeMto'
p. 44. 1. 36. after *** add nJu (the » loot aad Hicand)
p. 45- I- 34- ^ r 'dybmi read -r fyiam
p. 47. 1.36. for «jf« read «fr
p. 49- 1- 35- ^ &KT read^W
p. 50. 1. 38. for b9t»ma read MrlMi»M
p. 51. 1. 39. delete n
p. 52. 1. 17. for sar-ka.ymn\ uarhay
p. 54. 1. 43. for THCVO read ftto 9*
p. 55- I- 5- for «".•»' read MO: r
p. 57- !• 5- for briwar read briuar
p. 57- L 34- *^"« - ' linnet ' (Unola caanabina)
p. 57- L 35- add ^»«M»
p. 63. 1. 1 1. for Jri: read </ri;
p. 68. 1. 10. for tor hay read b*rkay
p. 68. 1. 15. for draguytolda* read i/ia^^i^il
p. 69. 1. 4. for bstfad read k»itbd
p. 69. 11. 6, 7. for M01-/4WX re*1 "wrlawx
p. 71. 1. 38. for ^awi read ^0.7*
p. 78. 1. 8. for * read *
p. 79. 1. 7. for dtstfys read fatly*
p. 85. 1. 33. for amal read ammmt
p 91. L 6. for dire«wn f*k/diretwm
p. 95. 1. 35- for J<\"*b* ««d d>*r»W
p. 100. 1. 14- for
p. 103. 1. 13-
p. 103. 1. 35-
p. 103. 1. 13-
for ^^ re*d "•*•'
p.io6. .4a- o
p. 109. 1. 16. for *?rAa^ read fcr*V
p. iia. 1.4. */*^*-r«i«fem.; L
p. i la. 11. 8, 33- for <p:« read *y*
p. 115- 1.43- *fc*fflal,D.
. 11. 1.8. »alwmaac.
p. 117
p. 1 1 8
618
Corrigenda et Addenda
120. 1. 29.
1 20. 1. 30.
123. 1. 6.
124. 1. ar.
124. 1. 27.
125. 1.6.
126. 1. 33.
127. 1.23.
131. 1. 10.
135. 1. 14.
148. 1. ii.
149. 1. 37.
154.1.27.
for plyo read ply:o
for tri read tri:
for ^/:<afread by:$
for rfj/:w read §y:n
for oy:8 read 0:y5.
for lna:y read /way
for evetjyl read eveyil
for lanarxz'tntS read
z&&.feindjo
for rfobvraduyr read rh^vrsdwyr
for 0j/:j read 0:y.y
iot gla:s
156.
159-
163.
171.
173-
174.
17.
37.
29.
10.
3.
40.
for kolkarQ read
for tanluyO read tanluyQ
for ok:0 read 80:0
for swan-hay read gwawhay
after gwasgary insert : —
gwasgod, s.f., ^l.gwasgoda, gwasgod, D.G. clix. 45, ' waistcoat'.
gwasgva, s.f., pi. gwasg-veyti, gwasg'veyon, gwasgfa, D., s.v. 'angor'.
(i) ' a squeeze'. (2) ' a fainting fit '. (3) c a tight place '.
175. 1. 17. for gwasta'ta:y, gwas'ta:y, stay ttzAgwasta'tay, gwas'tay, stay
177. 1. 10. for wedi read wefii
187. 1.19. after gwlanennur insert \—gwlanog, adj. gwlanog, D., s.v.
' lanosus ' ; * woolly '.
1 88. 1.8. torgwni:Q,gwni:fKa.digwni:iO,gwni:if
189. 1. 12. 'Gwrachan' is used in some parts, e.g. Montgomeryshire, for
' loach ' (Nemachilus barbatula)
196. 1. 6. for </rz'./read dri:if
196. 1. 41. add haykas bokkad (I.W.). So also at Carnarvon.
202. 1. 44. for dro read dro:
212. 1. I. pi. also sana
212. 1. 28. for hoilja read hbiljon
214. 1. 25. for hwnna read hwna (for hwn yna). Cf. J.M.J. p. 295. I have
not, however, personally noticed the pronunciation huna. (I.W. has
hunnd)
218. 1. 35. delete only, and cf. p. 572, 1. 22
221. 1. 37. for "meQadis read 'meQadys
226. 11. 1 6, 24, 30. for * read i:
227. 1. 4. for njurigl read niurigl
2 33- !• 3- f°r mynd igkadu, ' to go to bed' read du i n mynd i rjhadti,
1 1 am going to bed '.
233. 1. 32. after butter add ' the dough being moulded by means of a shell
(kgogan berfro) '
2 35- 1. 32- for wA/)/:^ read qlhy:st
237. 1.40. for Ranjwta:y read kanja-tay
242. 1. 10. for -meQadis read 'meOadys
242. 1. 19. for Y Drosgol mzo? Y Drosgl
244. 1. 10. for ka-sa:y read ka'say
246. 1. 44. for &z?/read ^a.j/; and delete Eng. chyle.
250. 1. 9. for n ftodi read ij kodi
265. 1.17. for klogsan read kloksan
269. 1. 28. add glovar (Bangor)
272. 1. 17. /£#/:.# piMin is a variant of £/y:rf bigin. This ear-mark is
called korn pikKin hi:r at Llanuwchllyn.
274. 1. 15. kne 'itjo = caneitio, ' to brighten '. Cf. J.M.J. p. 184.
276. 1. 16. knssvuyd is in common use in Anglesey — taken at 4 o'clock in
summer and at 6 o'clock in winter.
Corrigenda tt AMtmt* 619
p. 394. 1. 38. *p.-4 m thcsense'apeio/a rooT u
p. 396. 1. 8.
p. 397. 1. 43.
P- 303- 1. 37-
p. 3»3- I- v
P- 3«- 1. 45-
p. 333. 1. 4. for -n.-oTrfread riv.yj
p. 330. 1. 36. add x** fityi, • sU Iba.* ; x*r //«/. * «x fBiifc (aMStty) '.
XW*/Mys» WSfy** *l*o occur.
p. 344- I. 6. for JHUsMP read fri- V,
p. 347. 1. 34. for [ttk-k*y read Ink k^y
p. 354. 1. 38. for JMf.7rf read /M0>**
P- 357- 1- 39- for fcrs» read A*TM
p. 366. 1. 8. for dar* read *~l
p. 366. 1. 1 3. for ty read jry:
p. 368. L 7- Pr«. «i«»£. 3. ***
p. 373. 1. 34. for IT*/**.? read* ^
p. 374. 1. i. delete the words: and
understood).— Though I have
the one below J. 6), e.g. mi
tripped me ', the radical U more usual in these
4 he was killed ' ; mi trawtU i m ta./ m nJy*. •
ill'.
p. 374. after mignm insert migwyn. s.m., migwyn, O.P., • bog ma*'
(Sphagnum) : migwyngwyn, migwyn m\t
p. 384. 1. 10. for muyn'ka.y read mttyvrkty
p. 388. L 5. for • a covering for the fingers * read ' fcsgtf siill '.
p. 389. 1. 15. tta, ' nor ' is often followed by the radical where the
mutation is possible.
p. 404. 1. 3. o% is fern., pi. ago.
p. 410. 1. 33. for pa nnl rtad pa ryw onf Cf J.M.J, p, 191.
p. 414. 1. 30. lorparkays read par-key t.
p. 415. 1. 34. for patrwm rWpattrwm.
p. 419. 1. 40. for ey:s read oys
p. 448. 1. 40. for by.*r read tyr
p. 481. 1. 39. sgtrt kalon - • pericardium '.
p. 536. 1. i. for (- iixjo *<rig} read (- //x»
p. 538. 1. 40. for wrwdZa/ read -MirMs%.
I
1
PB Fynes-Clinton, Osbert Henry
2191 The Welsh vocabulary of
F8 the Bangor district
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