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The West American Scientist.

Vol.. X. No. 6.

Established 1884. .
THE WEST AMERICAN SCIENTIST.
Price 10c a copy; $1 a year; $10 for life.
Charles Russell Qrcutt, Editor,
Number 365 Twenty-first Strest,
San Diego, California, U. S. A.

a enneage

MEDICINAL PLANTS.

In the Mission days of California,
the Jesuite and Franciscan fathers and
the early settlers found it necessary to
rely upon their own resources and to
become proficient in many trades and
professions which in a more advanced
stage of civilization are relegated to
specialists. Medicine and surgery were
sciences which naturally demanded
the attention of every one, especially
of the fathers who were virtually en-
trusted with both the spiritual and
physical welfare of these primitive
communities. At times, doubtless
their limited stock of simple remedies
ran low, and with the slow means of
communication with. other communi-
ties, and with Mexico and Spain,
Whence they drew their earlier sup-

plies, they gladly availed themselves
of the traditional knowledge of the
Virtues of native plants which ob-

tained among the Indian population
around them.

Among the Californian aborigines, as
among most tribes of Indians, there
existed so-called’ medicine men _ or
doctors, who, by practicing on the su-
perstitions of their fellows, and with
the aid of their traditional knowiedge
of the virtues of certain plants—hand-
ed down from generation to generation
of medicine men—followed with great-
er or less success the healing art.

Local remedies, however, are known
and used every where in all climes and

September, 1900.

Whole No. 93.

among all conditions of people, and
unquestionably the simple formulae,
comprised of harmless vegetable in-
gredients, as practiced among a norm-
ally healthful rural community, are
more successful in the average cases,
than the complicated combinations of
poisons administered by the old
school physician.

Rhamnus purshiana DC.—Among the
native remedial agents most extensive-
ly employed in California is. this
species, which is found only in limited
quantity in Southern California. Prof.
H. C. Ford records it from the Santa
Ynez mountains, and Mrs. R. FE. Bing-
ham notes it among the “Medicinal
plants growing wild in Santa Barbara
and vicinity” (vide Bull. S. B. Soc. Nat.
laGiSits, to Ay 100 Wes. | IDE, Wel, Je, Jews
by (Druggists’ Bull. IV. 384), calls at-
tention to the difficulty of positively
identifying and distinguishing this
species from its near relative, R. cali-
fornica, in its southern habitat, where
the two are usually associated to-
gether and recommends that this im-
portant drug, Cascara Sagrada as it is
called, should be collected only iu
northern California or Oregon to avoid
all risks of obtaining spurious bark.

Rhamnus tomentella Bth. — This
shrub or small tree, evidently restricted
in its distribution to the mountains of
San Bernardino (Parish) and San
Diego counties and of northern Baja
California, is popularly known as the
wild coffee bush, or Yerba loso. Dr.
Rusby does not consider this to possess
any useful properties—at least no
virtues worthy of comparison with R.
Purshiana. Its large black berries are
sweet to the taste, but poisonous or at
least unwholesome, as children some-
times find to their cost. The seeds are

35 The West American Scientist 56

somewhat of the size and shape _ of
coffee berries—whence the common
name—and when separated from the
pulp and roasted are said to form a fair
substitute for coffee, though I should
prefer not to experiment with it my-
self.

The bark of this species is popularly
considered efficacious in severe cases
of dysentery, and the leaves to possess
cathartic properties—though both are
conceded to be dangerous remedies.
The receipt given me for dysentery is
to take one pound of the bark of the
root, boil in a quart of water until re-
duced to a pint.

Daucus Pusillus Michx.—Mrs. R. F.
Binge hana (Ss. ssa SOCumiN ava euusits Ce

1:2-35) states that this is “very much
valued by the natives as a remedy for
the kite of the rattlesnake.” She cites
“one of our oldest physicians’’ as hav-
ing ‘“‘seen a Californian chew the plant,
moisten his arm with the saliva, and
then permit a rattlesnake to bite his
arm, without producing swelling or any
bad effect.’’ She says the plant is
usually applied in the form of a poul-
tice. It is widely distributed from
British Columbia to Mexico and east-
ward to the Atlantic, but J have not
personal'y known of its use above stat-
ed, the “‘Golondrina” (a species of Eu-
phorbia) possessing the same desir-
able) reputation) throughout thie) )sec-
tion where I have collected.

Paeonia Californica Nutt.—The root
of the ‘‘Pionia’’ is considered valuable
by the natives for the healing of sores
on man or beast.

Aplopappus Palmeri Gray.—The
“Pasmore”’ of the Mexicans and In-
dians is reputed. to be invaluable in
cases of lockjaw. inh

Mimulus glutinosus Wendl—The in-
fusion of the leaves of this and related
forms (treated as species of Diplacus
by some botanists) is considered a
specific by some for dysentery.
Agsclepias Subulata Decsne.—“‘Jumete”’
is a very powerful cathartic, equal in
activity to croton oil. The Indians are
said to use it in cases of syphillis after
all other remedies fail to bring relief;
an overdose often resulting in incur-
able insanity or death. In Mexico the
juice of this or a similar plant is said
to be often used in cases of enmity, the

victim of the insidious drug becoming
insane for life if not mercifully relieved
at once by death. ‘Tradition says that
Maximilian’s unfortunate empress,
Carlotta, was a victim of this drug,
but the truth of this may never be
Known. Beaks it

Ascleyias Albicans Watson.—A larger

species of jumete, from the Colorado
desert and adjacent regions in Baja
California, is credited popularly with

the same powerful
ties as the last.

Solidago Californica Nuttall.—The
Golden Rod, or “‘Oroja de Leabre” of
the Mexicans, is prized above all other
herbs for its curative properties in
cases of either internal or external in-
juries of man or beast, the most stub-
born of sores being said to quickly heal
under its influence.

Loeselia tenuifolia Gray.—This herb
is credited with valuable medicinal
properties, being held in high repute
by Indians and Mexicans for fevers
and in other diseases. Some Mexicans
once informed me however, according
to my field notes, that it is a virulent
poison ‘used only in venereal dis-
eases.’ Without some actual knowl-
edge of the properties of a plant it
should be experimented upon with ex-
ceeding caution.

Helenium puberulum DC.:—This plant
is common along water courses from
san Erancisco southward to Santo
Tomas, Baja California. Bancroft
says this plant is used by the Indians
in the same way as we make use of
sarsaparailla. Mrs. Bingham (1. ¢.)
says it is ‘used as a tonic and antis-
corbutic, and also in the form of a
powder for catarrh.’’ She gives the
vernacular name ag sneezewood. It is
Known to the Mexicans aS rosea or
rosilla (the proper spelling of the word)
who inform me that the seed is the part
mainly used medicinally.

Matricaria discoidea DC.—‘‘Used for
bowel complaints’? (Mrs. Bingham).
“Said to be used in California as a
domestic remedy for agues and bowel
complaints”). (Watson, Bot.) /Calzaa
401.)

Datisca glomerata Benth. & Hook.—
“The root is a bitter tonic known as
Durango root’ (Mrs. Bingham).

Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.—Mrs.
Bingham says this is “recommended

cathartic proper-

37

for the effects of poison oak.”’

Lonicera subspicata Hook & Arm.—
The ‘‘moronel’’ of the Mexicans is used
by them in the form of a tea as a blood
purifier; the plant is also used for the
healing of sores. ;

Grindelia robusta Nuttall.—This is a
popular remedy, especially recommend-
ed as a remedy for the effects of the
poison oak (Rhus diversiloba Torr. &
Gray), the plant being applied fresh, or
a decoction or alcholic infusion used
(Mrs. Bingham). The crude drug sells
at about $5.00 per hundred pounds. A
Russian scientist is at present engaged
in a study of the medicinal properties
of this plant and of the other species
of the genus—most of which seem to
possess the same valuble properties
and some of which are doubiless often
substituted for or confused with the
typical G. robusta of Nuttall.
these, G. subsquarrosa, I have recent-
ly supplied to an eastern firm, send-
ing them about fifty pounds of the
erude drug, for them to thoroughly
test its properties.

Romneya coulteri Harv.—‘A deadly
poison.’ “The whole plant is used,
bruised and boiled and applied as a
poultice or taken in liquor’—my notes
do not state whereof its virtue con-
Sists. It will naturally be inferred,
however, that its properties are similar
to those of opium.

Ephedra californica Watson.—‘‘Can-
atilla’”’ or Mountain tea, and ‘‘tenopote”
(fide Havard), are names applied to
several of the genus Ephedra. “‘They
are popular remedies among Mexicans
and frontiersmen in the treatment of
Sypnilis and gonorrhora, especially the
latter. The decoction or infusion of
the stems has an acid reaction and an
astringent taste resembling that of
tannin. It is used as an injection and
internally; some caution should be ob-
S*rved as it has been known to cause
Strangzury.’ “Dr. V. Havard, vide
moc. U, & Nat. Mus. VIII. 504.) The
Species Dr. HBavard refers to are E.
antisyphilitica C. A. Meyer and FE.
trifurea Torrey, but the same remarks
Seem to apply equally well to our Cal-
1o0rmian species. It is often used as a
Substitute for tea, and is scarcely dis-
tinguishable in except for an
aiter-flavor, not unpleasant. reminding
Ome siigntly of catnip tea. It is in

taste,

The West American Sctenttst.

One of

38
great renown as a blood purifiei and
many have volunteered to me _ their

opinion that it was “better than sar-
saparilla’’ and without an equal. I have
never heard of unpleasant effects fol-
lowing its use. It is a valuable seda-
tive. Experiments and analyses prove
it to be not superior to E. antisyphilit-
ica—which already has a place among
American drugs. '

Baccharis zlutinosa Pers.—This, or
another species of the genus, familiarly
known as Mock willow, is held in some
repute for the healing of sores. Pluchea
borealis Gray, also known by the same
popular name, perhaps shares in the
same virtues and is, I believe, the plant
known to the Mexicans as “water-
motor’’-—credited with medicinal vir-
tues without number!

Cucurbita Palmata Watson.—The
mock orange and wild pomegranate are
names freauently applied to this and
other species of the genus cucurbita.
The root is very bitter, and a strong
and quick emetic, acting ‘“‘without any
disagreeable effect on the nerves.’’ In
common with the following species this
is IZnown to the Mexicans as “Chili
Coyote,” or “‘Calabazilla.”’

Cucurbita Foetidissima, H. B. K.—
I do not know that the natives dis-
criminate between these species in fa-
vor of either one or the other. “The
maceraied root is also used as a rem-
edy, for )piles.7) (Watson, “Bot, Cal,
1:239). /

Micrampelis Macrocarpa Greene.—
The chilocothe ving, also belonging to
the Cucurbitaceae, possesses Similar
properties to Cucurbita palmata. The
root attains immense size, and is cred-

ited with having formed the basis of
the once famous “‘Dr. Walker’s Cele-

krated California Vinegar Bitters.’’

Trichostema Lanatum Bentham.—
The black sage is a small shrub found
in the coast range from Monterey
southward to Baja California(?), ‘‘cul-
tivated in gardens of the Californians,”’
and “valued as a Stimulant’ (Mrs.
Bingham).

BDIT ORAL:

The Botany of California, finished by
Sereno Watson and published in 1880,
through the generosity of gentlemen of

9)
a past generation, uniform with and asa
part of the state geological survey publi-
cations, marked the commencement ofa

new era of botanical activity on the Pa-
cific coast.

additions to the state flora through the
labors of a group of collectors who as-
siduously explored mountain and desert
regions alike. In 1879 Heman Chandler
Orcutt moved with his family from the
Green Mountain state to San Diego, and

took part in this work of exploration,

which only ended with his life in 1892

Parry, Pringle, the Parish Brothers,
Palmer and many others were especially
active, with Gray, Greene, Brandegee,
Watson and Vasey ¢s the principal wri-
ters on their field work.

The last decade of the 19th century is
noteworthy for the attempted changes
nomenclature as proposed by Kuntze,
followed by Coville, Greene. Brittou and
other, mostly the younger, botanical au-
thors.

In the present work the writer avoids
the adoption of the most of the proposed
changes, aiming to make it asupplement
to Watson’s great work—with this in
view reproducing descriptions of species
discovered since 1880 Notes and des-

criptions of all the plants would have
been added but for the expense.

CATALOG OF MINERALS.

Azurite. ik
Andesite. I
Limonite. I
Garnet. 3
Malachite. I
Cymatolite. I
Dendrite. I
Pink Feldspar. I
alc: I
Breccia. I
Sanidin Trachyte. I
Aphanite. I

NNN ON NY
Am B&W bd

Uk

The West. American Scientist.

The next decade saw many -

go
84 Graphite. I

Nos. 72-84 fron the Black
Dakota, collected by L. W.
85 Malachite. Ky. ) Mts Wemilon 2
~86 Malachite, San Pedro Martias Mt,,
Beyer (Cail ID) 1K. Aer, 6
Galena, Opulent mine* 7
Obsidian, Cantilles Mts. Baja Cal. 2
Cinnabar, Baja Cal Mrs. Buckman.4
Green spat, Niversides@alluaaaintyn
Orcutt. 3
Cement rock, near boundary, Baja

Hills, South
Stilwell.

87
88
89
gO

Of

Cal he ea oniarn: I
92 Tourmaline, Vt. H. N. Rust. I
93 Gold ore, San Rafael, Baja Cal. 7
94 Ilmenite, Plymouth, Vt. 3
Ob uke lehabovelGdINe Jals . Jel, ©, Oireute,
Woe D
96 Biotite, Canyon Cantilles, Baja Cal.

Ey @randiC. RY Orcutt julyaseaeae

97 >ame as 93, San Nicholas; mime) 29a
98 Gold and silver ore* 20
99 Peacock copper ore, Baja Cal. 22

Dog tooth spar, Black Hills S. D. 1

(To be continued.)

LIFE SUBSCRIBERS.
NELL, PHILIP.
STOCONH, CHARLES E.

WANTS.
WANTED—for cash or in exchange:—
Baltimore cactus journal 1 1
Journal of mycology
Californian illustr. magazine v 3 Feb ’94
Garden
Science
Totrey bot club bulletin
Uls) Dept Aone bob im aio rome
—chem b fo i2 18 19 27 32 35-7
entom b ist ser

and many others.
ORCUTT, San Diego, California.

TREES.

ORCUTT, San Diego, California.

San Diego,

FLOWERING PLANTS.

Phenogamous plants, bearing true fl (having
) stamens and pistils), and producing seeds which
|} contain an embryo.

CLASS J.—DICOTYLEDONS.

) Exogenous plants. Stems consisting of a pith
| Inthe center, of bark on the outside, and these
| Separated by one or more layers of fibrous or
| woody tissue, which, when the stem lives from
| year to year, increases by the addition of new
_jayersto the outside nextto the bark. Embryo
| usually with 2 opposite cotyledons, or rarely
| With severalin a whorl.

SUBCLASS J.- ANGIOSPERM#.

Pistil consisting of a closed ovary which con-
| tains the ovulesand forms the fr.; cotyledons 2.
| DIVISION 1.—POLYPETALE.

Petals distiuct, or nearly su (sometimes absent).

RANUNCULACHAHE.

Crowfoot family: herbs or woody vines with
colorless usuaily acrid juice, polypetalus, or
apetalus with thesepals often colored and peta-
j0id; sepal-, petals, stamens & pistils all distinct;
short: seed anatropous, embryo minute in firm
fleshy a bumen: stipules none,

CLEMATIS Linnaeus.

Virgin’s Bower: sepals petaloid, colored, val-
\ate in the bud; pistils numerous; akenes many
in a hexd; leaves opposite.
§.—Petals 0; sepals 4, styles becoming Jong
feathery awns in fr.
CLEMATIS LiGUSTICIFOLIA Nuttall,
Nearly glabrous, stems sometimes 30 ft. long,
Jeaves 5-foliate, leaflets broadly ovate to lanceo-
Jate, 14-2 inches jong, acute or acuminate, 3
lobed & coarsely toothed, rarely entire or 3 part
ed, fi diwcious, paniculate, sepals thin, silky, w,

Genus

IBOTANY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

By CHARLES RUSSELL ORCUTT. —

California.

4-6 lines long; akenes pubescent, tails 1-2 inches
long, o-mnj Abundant along water courses
in the foothills and mt up to 6000 ft. he 52. dal
V. CALIFORNICA Wat.

Leaves silky-tomentose beneath, often small
zZ s—the Sacramento. he 52

CLEMATIS LASIANTHA Nutt.

silky-tomentose. stems stout, elongated; fl di-
cecious, solitary, on rather stout 1-2-bracted ped-
“uncles; sepals obtuse, thickish, 6-10 lines long;
akenes pubescent. b—Plumas Co.

CLEMATIS PAUCIFLORA Nuttall.

Silky-pubescent; stem rather slender, short-
jointed; leaves ehort « fascicled; leaflets 3-5, only
3-9 lines long, cuneate-obovate to cordate, most-
ly 3-toothed or 4-lobed; fl solitary or few « pani-
cled, on slender pedicels: sepals thin, 4-6 lines
long: akenes glabrous. sj he52

Gents THALICTRUM Vournefort.

Meadow rue: sepals 4-7, greenish or petaloid:
imbricated in the bud, petals 0, akenes 4-15 in a
head, tipped by the stigma or short style, groved,
ribbed, or inflated; ovule suspended; fl in co-
rymbsor panicles; leaves alternate, 2-3-ternately
compound; leaflets stalked, i)

§1.—fl dioecious; anthers linear, acute or acumi-

nate.

PEACE vi POMC AR PUM |S; iWiaits
father stout, 2-3 ft high, glabrous: leaves
with short petiolesor the upper sessile; leaflets
rarioble, 4-1 inch long; lobes acutish to acumi-
nate: panicle narrow, often small, the staminate
usually crowded on short pedicels: anthers
acute, on very-slender filaments: fr in dense
heads, compressed, broadly oblong-obovate or
obovate, abruptly acute, 24-38 lines long: seed
linear, terete, nearly 14 inch long. j-o he54 dal

43

THALICTRUM OCCIDENTALE A.-Gray
Of similar habit as T. polyecarpum, leaflets
rather larger, panicles more slender and open,
the staminate very diffuse with slender elonga-
ted pedirels. styles more attenuate: fr 1-6 in
each head, narrowly oblong (8-4 lines long) and
narrowed at each end: seed nearly 4 inch long.
b-w Parish 1484 b mts, he 54
§2.—fl usually perfect; anthers small, ellip'ic-
oblong, obtuse.
THALICTRUM SPARSIFLORUM Turc:z.
Slender, glabrous, 1-3 ft high, leaves sessile
or nearly so; leaflets 4-144 inch long, with ob-
tuse often mucronate lobes: panicle loosely
few-fiowered; pedicels elongate i; fr-ing heads
nodding, the large div ricate akenes strongly
compressed, semi-obovate. shortly pedicellate,
slightly nerved. b-Alaska, Siberia, Utah, Col.

Genus MYOSURUS Linnaeus.

Sepals 5, spurred at the base; petals 5, |

linear, on a slender claw, with a_pit at its
summit; stamens 5-20; akenes very
numerous, crowded ona long and
slender spike-like receptacle; seed sus-
pended. Very small herbs, with a tuft
of linear or spatulate entire radical leaves,
and solitary flowers on simple scapes. @
MYOSURUS MINIMUS © Linn.

M. shortii Rafinesquein Sill J 1:3879

Receptacle in fruit slender,1—2 inches
long: akenes blunt. Widely distributed
in Europe, Asia, Australia and America;
apparently indigenous in California.
Var ArWSiGreene.\)Mesasais,

Var PiIbinhORMIS, Greene.))\Mesas.s:
MYOSURUS APETALUS Gay.

M aristatus Bth [vide G Yorr el b 13 21.

Receptacle in fruit oblong or linear,
2-8’ long; akenes long-beaked: less
than 2’ high. Utah; Chili; mesas, s.

Genus RANUNCULUS Linnaeus.

Crowfoot: sepals usually 5; petals 3-15,
each with a small scale or pit at the base
inside; pistils numerous; akenes in a
head, usually flattened, beaked with the
persistent style. Herbs, mostly peren-
nial, of somewhat varied habit; fl either
solitary or somewhat corymbed.

The section Batrachium is treated as a genus
by Dasis in “inn bot studies 460, the 2 follow-
ing varieties being referred to B trichophyllum
Bozsch prod fi bot 5.

The West American Scientist. *

44
§1.—BATRACHIUM.

RANUNCULUS AQUATILIS Linn,
Submerged, finely divided leaves.

Var. TRICHOPHYLLUS Ghaix.

Stems long, coarsely filiform: pedun-
cles 1-27 long: fl 3-5’ in ciameter: akeneés
numerous in a close globular head, which |
is 2-3’/ in diameter. b-j.

Var) CASSPAROSUSIDEG:

Stems short, growing in mud: seg-
ments of leaves ligulate, 1/7 or more
long: fl 2-3’” in diameter. j

§ 2—HALODES. Gray. Like § 3, bus
mature carpels thin-walled and utricu- |
Jar, the sides nervose: scapose and flag-
elliferous,

RANUNCULUS CYMBALARIA Pursh.

Greenland, Asia, North and South
America.

§ 3 EURANUNCULUS Gray.

Petals (with nectariferous pit and scale,
usually yellow) and sepals deciduous,
the sides nerveless, not transversely
rugose.

*Perennial by rooting from the nodes
of creeping or the lower nodes of ascen-
ding stems, wholly fibrous rooted.
RANUNCULUS HYDROCHAROIDES G.

Southern California east of the Sierra |
(Kellogg), z

R., FLAMMULA L.
Var. REpTANS E. Meyer,.
Southern California (Parish 996).
* * Thickened-fibrous and fascicled]
roots, terrestial: stems short, erect Om
assurgent, not rooting from nodes above
eround; mature akenes turgid and with |
introrsely apical or subapical rather |
subulate beak.
RANUNCULUS ALISMAEFOLIUS Gyr.
Idaho-Ca. R. bolanderi Ge Ca ac b 2:58 fide G.
+ Heads of carpels in fruit oblong or
cylindraceous; akenes more _ turgid, |
rounded, or at least obtuse on the back.
RANUNCULUS ESCHSCHOLTZII Schl.
+ + Petals only 5; styles uncinate, re}
curved, shorter than the ovary, broad
and flat.

_——— a

45

RANUNCULUS CANUS
b mts. (Parish 1542).

{ Lax or weak stemmed, petals 6-15:
herbage hirsute or pubescent.

Benth.

RANUNCULUS CALIFORNICUS Benth.

Erect or nearly so, 12-18in. high, more or less
pilose: radical leaves commonly pinnately ter-
nate, leaflets laciniately 3-7 lobed: fix 5-10 lines
in diam. with 10-14 narrowly obovate petals, «&
shorter retiexed sepals: akenes much flattened,
with sharp edges, nearly 2 lines long; beak short
& curved: heads compact, ovate or globular.

This Californian buttercup is the most abun-
dantspecies ofthe gerusin the state, ‘where
low grassy hills are often y-llow wiih the shin-
ing filsin early spring.’ Cuyamaca mountains.
Var. LATILOBUS Gray.

The common, coarse-leaved, more
robust form.

RANUNCULUS HEBECARPUS Hook. & Arn.
Slender, 3-18in. high, erect or procumbent:
lower leaves ternate or 3-partec, teaflets cuneate
at base & 2-3-lobed, upper ones more divided:
akenes few, papilluse-scabrous, with hooked
hairs: fls minute, petais5,alineor less long.
Var. PUSILLUS S. Wats., Bot Calif. i, 9. 1880.
‘Stems very slender «<r filiform, weak & ascenda-
ing Or provumbent, 3-6 in. long: leaves reniform
crenately 5-lobed or parted.’—Watson.

R BONGARDI Ge Erythea 3:54
Var douglasii Davis Or d—reported by Rose.
Genus ACTAEKA Linnaeus.
‘Baneberry. Sepals 4-6, nearly equal, petal-
like, falling. ff early. Petals 4-10,small. Sta-
meus numerous. Fistils single; stigma sessilv,
2looed. Fruita many--;eeded berry. Seeils
smooth, flattened, packed horizontally in 2 rows.
Perennial herbs, with 2-3-ternately compound
leaves, Koot usually tuberous or thickened,
Fis in a terminal short raceme. Species per-
haps 2, belonging tothe cooler regions of the
horthern Iemisphere.’—Wats. Bot. Calif. i, 12.
ACTAEA SPICATA Linn.
Var ARGUTA Tcrrey.
A. arguta Nutt.—Rare in Calif.—Alaska.

Genus AQUILEGIA Tournefort.

Columbine: sepals 5, regular, colored
and petal-like deciduous. Petals 5, all
alike, with a short, spreading lip, and
produced backwards into a long tubular
Spur; stamens numerous, the outer ones
long &« exserted, the inner ones reduced
to thin scales; pistils 5; styles siender;

The West American Sctenttst.

gO
ovaries several-ovuled, becoming point-
ed several-seeded follicles in fruit.
Glabrous perennial branching herbs,
with 2-3-ternately compound leaves, the
leaflets lobed; flshowy, terminating the

branches.
AQUILEGIA TRUNCATA Fisch. & Mey.

Genus DELPHINIUM Tournefort.

Larkspur: Cal. species are all perennial with
Showy fl: sepals 5, colored, petaloid, very ir-
regular, the upper one prolonged backwards
at the base into along spur: petals 2-4, irreg-
ular; stamens many, pistils 1-5; fr of 1-5 de-
hiscent, many seeded follicles. Erect herbs,
with palmately-cleft. lobed, or dissected
leaves, and racemose fl.

*Blue (at least not red) fl.

DELPHINIUM CONSOLIDA Linn.
DELPHINIUM DECORUM Fisch-Mey.
Very handsome uark indigo blue fl, js
north to Mendocino county.
DELPHINIUM PARISHII A. Gray.
DELPHINIUM PARRYI A Gray.
DELPHINIUM SIMPLEX Dougl.
DELPHINIUM VARIEGATUM T. & G.
*Red flowered.
DELPHINIUM NUDICAULE Torr-Gray.
1-2° high or more; Mendocino county
DELPHINIUM CARDINALE Hook.
Kew—l5 ft. high, stout, nearly glabrous:
leaves large, 5-7-lobed nearly to the base, the
divisions dceply 8-5-cleft with narrow long-
acuminate segments: fls bright scarlet with
yellow center, large, produced in showy pan-
icles. Quite bardy.

Genus PARMONIA Linnaeus.
PAEONIA BROWNII Dougl.
PAONIA CALIFORNICA Nutt
koothills j d b—usually distributed as brownil
—yperhaps running together. dal, cy 458
Genus CROSSOSOMA Nuttall.
C. BIGELOVII Watson,
Genus ANKMONE Linnaeus.

A. MULTIFIDA LC,
BERBERIDACEAE.

Genus BERBERIS Linnaeus.

BERBERIS DICTYOTA Jepson.
BERBERIS FREMONTIIL Torrey.
BERBERIS NEVINII A. Gray.

BERBPRIS PINNATA Lagasca.
BERBERIS REPENS Iindl.

4/

SARRACENIACHAKE.
DARLINGVONIA CALIFORNICA ‘Torrey
‘Calf’s head,’ a’striking perennial of curious
aspect, the only representative of the family in
Calif Of agtreenish yellow hue, bear nza
nodding purplish fl. One ofthe Pitcher plants,
noted for its alluring insects to their death

PAPAVERACHAE.

PAPAVER CALIFORNICUM Gray.
PAPAVER HHETEHEROPHYLLUM Greene.
PAPAVHR LEMMONTI Greene.
PAPAVER HH TEROPHYLUUM Ge.
Gents PLATYSTEMON Bentham.
PLATYSTEMON CRINITUS Ge.
‘Subacaulescent, the folisge, scapiform ped-
uncies, & the calyx densely erinite-hirgsate with
W soft spreading hairs 3 or4 lines tong: fl buds
exactly globose: corolla an inch broad, t' e pet-
als deep gr -enish y,
Stamens innumerable: filainsents widely dila-
tel: GCarpels many, the short
scarcely longer than the persistent linear stig-
mas.’—Ge pitt2 18. Kern county
PLATYSTEMON CALIFORNICUS Bnth.
Slender bronching annual, 2-l2Zin high, vil-
lous with spreading hairs: leaves 3-4 in. long,
sessile or clasping, broadly linear, obtuse: yed-
uncles 3-81. loug, erect: sepals vi.lous: pe'a's
de isate sulphur yellow, shadiag to orange in
the center, 3-6 lines'ong: carpels 6-25, aggrega-
ted int) an oblons head, smooth or somewhat
hiiry, 6-l lineslong, beaked with the Jinear
persistent stigmas the l-seeded divisions a line
long: seeds smooth. Cale! ‘Cream-cups’ by the
enildren Souther: Uriah, Ariz na, Mendoe no
county to San -Miego, & Raja Calif, Socorro).
PLATYSTEMON DENTICULATUS Gne.
DERDROMECON Bentham.

DENDROMECON FLEXILE Greene.
Greene Bul . Torrey club, xiii. 216.
-Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci i. 889:—-Santa Cruz
Island, ‘on bushy hillsides everywhere: quite
plentiful on the northwird sope at no great
ds ance from tre shure ’ he 55
DENDROMECON HARFORDII Kellogg.
DENDROMECON RIGIDUM Benth.
Shrub 28 ft. high, numerous slender
branches, bark whitish: leaves ovate to lin-
ear-lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, very acute or mu-
cronate, sessile or nesrly so; twisted upon the
base so as to become vertical, reticulately
veined, margin rough or denticulate: flowers
bright yellow, 1-3 in. in diam. on pedicels 1-4
in. long: capsules curved, attenuate above
into the short stout style, 1%-24% in. long:
seeds 14% lines long.

Genus

The West. American Scientist.

mareescent-persistent::

torulose pods

43 |

‘CANBYA CANDIDA Parry.

Searce an inch high, densely branched. the
somewhat fleshy leaves & short branches close. —
ly crowded, fls w, petals 2 lines tons; named in
honor of William M. Canby Ur mj. GAm age
pr 2:51 t1 (27D 1876). Wat botce1 2-429, he Samm

Genus ROMNEYA Harvey.

ROMNEYA COULTERI Harvey. The Giant,
white flowering, bush poppy.

Haif-hardy shrub, 6-15 tt. high, branching
and flexuous, woody at base: leaves glaucous,
thickish, petioled, 3-5 in. long, the lower ones,
pinnatifid, upper ones pinnately toothed;
petioles and margins often sparingly ciliate
With rigid spinose bristles: the magnificent
wax-like fils. 6-9 in. across; petals broadly
obovate: filaments 14 in, long, bright yellow,
purple at base: capsule oblong. 1-2in. long,
obseurely many angled, hispid with appress-
ed bristles and crowned with the persistent
stigmas: seeds black, a line or less long. Ma-
tilija poppy, named in honor of Dr. T. Rom-
ney Robinson, a noted astronomer. he 65

Genus PLATYSTIGMA Bentham.

PLATYSTIGMA CALIFORNICUM B.-H.
PLAT iSTIGM 4 DEN?PTLOUUs. TUM Greene.

Greene Ball. Torrey Club, xiii. 218.

——Bn J, Calif. Acad. Sci, i. 389. My. 28, 1887: 7
Senta (ru? Isi-nd. hed5b, 7
PLATYSTIGMA LINEARE Benth.

Genus MECONOGPSIS
M. TMEPTHEROPUYLLA Benth
MEICONHLLUA DHNTICULATA Greene.

“3-10 high: radical leaves entire, the
laminal portion rhombic-ovate, acutish:
cauline spatulate to linear, obtuse, sharp-
ly denticulate: petals narrowly oblong, 2”
long: stamens 6-9. Temecula Canon, north
of San Luis Rey, in San Diego county,
Cal) Maireh: 27) 1885, bya “thie > wasters ——
Greene, Buil. Cal. Acad. Sci., ii. 59 (Mar.
6, 1886). i

Genus ARGEMONE Linnaeus.

ARGEMONE CORYMBOSA Greene.
ARGEMONE HISPIDA ~A. Gray.

Is A platyceras L. & C.
ARGEMONE MEXICANA — Linn.
ARGEMONE PLATYCERAS L. & O.

Genus ESCHSCHOLTZIA Cham,
ESCLUSCHOLTZIA GLAUCA Ge.
ESCHSCHOLTZIA MARITIMA Ge.
ESCHSCHOLYTZIA CAESPITOSA Bth.
ESCHSCHOLYTZIA GLYPTOSPERMA Ge.

“Wholly glabrous and very glaucous: stems ~
very short: leaves much dissecied, but short |

Viguier,

49

and compact: scape-like peduncles numer-
ous, Ginches high, terete, and rather stout:
corolla asin [&. tenuifolia], but of a deeper
yellow, seeds not reticulate, but deeply pitted
and of an ash-gray color. A most peculiar
species, collected in 1884, by Mrs. Curran, on
the Mohave Desert. The seeds are remarka-
bly unlike those of any other known Esch-
scholtzia.”’—Ge Ca ace b 1:70 (7 Mr 1885),

ESCHS:CHOLTZIA MEXICANA Greene.

“annual, smooth and glaucous: foliage less
finely dissected [than EH. californica and EH
- peninsularis]: stems short: peduncles 1numer-
ous, Stout and scape-like: petals an inch lorg,
yellow or cream color: torus short, obconical,
the outer margin a sub-cartilaginous ring,
the inner erect, scarious, with stout nerves:
seed globular, apiculate, with coarse butrath-
er faint reticulations.—W. Californica, var.
parvula. Gray. Pl. Wright, 2.10. E. Doug-
lasii, Torr. Mex. Bouad, 31; Hemsl. Biol. Cent.
Aim. This plant ranges from the region of
the upper Gila, in New Mexico, far south-
wardinto Texas and adjacent Mexico, and is
apparently a very good species.’’--Ge Ca ac
b 1:69 (7 Mr 1885).

A rank-growing Hschscholtzia growing in
’ the San Rafael valley, Lower California, with
large reddish-orange colored flowers, was
doubtfully referred to this by Prof. Greene.

E, LEMMONT Greene.

“Annual, 6-127 high, with numerous
ascending branches, leafy below, hoary
pubescent throughout, even to the cap
Sules, with short spreading white haiis;
leaves with elongated petioles; pedun-
cles stoutish, quadrangular, the earliest
Scapiform; torus urceolate, 3-4/’ long,
nearly glabrous, constricted just below
the narrow, erect hyaline border; calyp-
tra ovate, Jong acuminate, very conspic-
uously hairy; petals orange-color, nearly
or quite an inch long.’’—Greene. West
Am Sci. ii, 157. Ag 1887. Mountains of
San Luis Obispo county.
ESCHSCHOLTZIA MODESTA Greene.

‘Annual, very slender and diffusely branch-
ing, afo thigh. glabrous and miderately glau-
€ 8; leaves-m‘ll, withfew & narrow segments:
pedicels axillary, 1n inch long or more, terete &
very slender, nodding In the bud: bud 2 lines
yong, the yermanent portion (torus with no
vim, nearly as long as the broadly oyute calyp-
tra; covolia sotate-sprevsding, % inch bruad;
petals obovate, not meeting, the rouuded apex

The West American Scientist.

50
erose- or sinuate-toothed, cr, in later flowers,
deeply 3 lobed, pale y; stamens 8 1m 2 rows on
Opposite sides of the pistil, or, in late fis, 4only;
anthers 4 line long, on slender filaments a line
inlength pod 2 inches long, narrow, the valves
thin: seeds globular, niinute, reticulate; cotyl-
edons very uarrowly obliucecolate, entire. Col-
lected by 8. B Parish inu Je 1887 (No. 1951)—Ge
Fittonia 1:169 6 ‘a 888).
HSCHSCHOLTZIA PARISHII Greene.
"Annual, slender, less than 1° high,
glabrous and glaucous: stems simple or
sparingly branched: peduncles terete,
very slender: torus turbinate, no spread-
ing rim, the 2 margins similar and ap-
proximate: petals widely spreading,
broad and overlapping each other, ap-
parently light y.: fr. not seen.’’—Greene,
Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci., i. 1838 (Aug. 29, 1885).
ESCHSCHOLTZIA PENINSULARIS Gn.
“Annual, smooth and glaucous, slender,
erect, much more branched that BH, Cali-
fornica, with corollas of 1-3 the size and
more broadly campanulate: rim of torus
broader in proport on, the inner margin ~
avery short, nerveless, hyaline ring; seed
slighily elongated and distinctly apiculate
at each end, reticulations less regularly
favose.’’—Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci., i.
68-9 (Mar. 7, 1885); 1. e. 183.
ESCHSCHOLTZIA CALIFORNICA Chm,
The # form; the s plant is peninsula-
mss
ESCHSCHOLTZIA MINUTIFLORA S. W
Distinguished by iis small fis: e.
ESCHSCHOLTZIA RAMOSA Greene.
Ge Torr cl )) 13: 217. Ca ac b 2: 3889, Santi Cruz
& Guadalupe tslands.,

FUMARIACEAK.

Tender herbs, with watery and bland
juice, dissected compound leaves, & per-
fect irregular hypogynous fis with the
parts in twos, except the diadelphous
stamens, which are 6; ovary and capsule
t-celled with 2 parietal placénte: seeds,
etc. as in Papaveracee.

Genus DICENTRA Borkh.

Corolla flattened, heart-shaped or 2-

spurred at the base.

DICENTRA CHRYSANTHA H. & A.
Dielytra chrysantha H. & A. Bot Beech 320.
Bikukulla chrysantha Cv 4:60.

57

Pale « glaucous, 2-5 feet high: leaves
twice pinnate, the larger a foot long or
more; the divisions cleft into a few nar-
row lobes: racemose panicle terminal, 1
—2 ft long: sepals caducous: corolla lin-
ear-oblong or clavate, bright rich lemon
y, over 4g inch long, base slightly cor-
date: capsu'e oblong-ovate or narrower.

Lake county-j
DICENTRA OCHROLEUCA Engelm
TT Waite:

CRUCIFERAE.
Genus ALYSSUM Tournefort.

ALYSSUM MARITIMUM Lam.

Lobularia maritima Desv. ‘sweet alyssum”’
often cultivated for its fragrant fis., a native
of the Mediterranean region in EKurope, now
widely naturalized in California.

Genus DRABA Linnaeus,

.DRABA CORRUGATA Wat.
DRABA DOUGLASSILI G.
DRABA UNILATERALIS Jones.
DRABA CUNEIFOLIA Nutt.
V. INTEGRIFOLIA Wat.

Genus CARDAMINE Linnaeus.
CARDAMINE INTEGRIFOLIA Gray.

LHESQUERELLA PALMERI S. Watson.

“Pubescence dense, stellate-lepidote;
caudex simple, apparently biennial, the
simple stems 1° high or more: basal leaves
harrowly oblanceolate, repand, the cau-
line narrower and mostly entire: petais
spatulate, 3” long: pods pubescent,
ovute-globose to broadly ellipsoidal, erect
on long spreading or ascending pedicels;
style as long as the pod; cells 2-4-ovuled.
Arizona (Palmer, 1872); Lower California
(C. R. Orcutt, 1884).’’—S. Watson, Proc.
Am. Acad., xxiii. 255 (May 29, 1888).

Genus ARABIS Linnaeus.

ARABIS ARCUATA G.

V. LONGIPES Wat.
ARABIS BECK WITHIL Wat.
ARABIS FILIFOLIA Ge.
ARABIS LUDOVICIANA C. A. Meyer.
ARABIS PARISHII Wat.
ARABIS PERENNANS Wat.
ARABIS PERFOLIATA Lam,
ARABIS PLATYSPERMA G.
ARABIS PULCHRA Jones,
ARABIS REPANDA Wat.

The West American Scientist. 5

ARABIS HOLBOELII Horn.
ATHYSANUS PUSILLUS Ge.

Genus CAULANTHUS Watson.

CAULANTHUS AMPLEXICAULIS Wat.
CAULANTHUS COULTERI Wat.
CAULANTHUS CRASSICAULIS Wat.
CAULANTHUS INFLATUS Wat.
CAULANTHUS PILOSUS Wat.
CAULANTHUS PROCERUS Wat.
CAULANTHUS GLANDULOSUS Hook.

Genus TROPIDCCARPUM Hooker.
T. GRACILE Hook.
T. DUBIUM Day.
Genus THELYPODIUM Endl.

T. INTEGRIFOLIUM Enal.
T. LASIOCARPUM Greene.
V.inaliepbum Robinson.

T. STENOPETALUM Watson.
T. WRIGHTIL Gray.

Genus NASTURTIUM R. Brown.

N. CURVISILIQUA Nuttall.
V. laevis Watson
V lyratum Watson

-V. filipes G.

N. OFFICINALE R. Br.
N.OBYTUSUM Nuttall
V.sphaerocarpum Watson

Genus LEPIDIUM Linnaeus.

L. BIPINNATIFIDUM Desv.
l.. DICH VT YOTUM Gray

V. acutidens Gray.

L FLAVUM Torrey

L, FREMONTII Watson,
L. LASIOCARPUM duttall
V.tenuipes Watson
L.INTEKRMEDIUM Gray
L. LATIPES Hook.

L. MEDIUM Greene

L. NITILUM Nuttall

DENTARIA CA LIFORNICA Nutt.
DITHYRAEA WISLIZENI E.
Genus CHEIRANTHUS Linnaeus.
CHEIRANTHUS ASPER-C. « S.
Genus BARBAREA R. Brown.

BARBAREA VULGARIS R. Br.
V. ARCUATA Fries.
V. GLABRIOR $9Rob.
BISCUTELLA CALIFORNICA B. & H.
Is Dithyreea wislizeni E
Genus CAPSELLA Moench.

CAPSELLA /DIVARICATA Walp.
CAPSELLA BRURSA-PASTORIS Medie.
CAPSELLA ELLIPTICA C. A. Meyer.

|
|

ey
Genus BRASSICA Linnaeus.

BRASSICA ADPRESSA Boiss.
BRASSICA ALBA Boiss,
BRASSICA CAMPSHSTIS L.
BRAS:ICA NIGRA Koch.

Genus SISYMBRIUM Linnaeus.

SISYMBRIUM CANE-CEN3S Nutt.
SISYMBRIUM inucisum KH. da2

VY. HARTWEGIANUM Wat,
SISYMBRIUM REFLEXUM Nutt. Ore
SISYMBRIUM ACUTANGULUM DC. da2
SISYMBRIUM DIFFUSUM G. cv 4 68
SISYMBRIUM OF FICINALE Scap. daz

da2

Genus ERYSIMUM Linnaeus.

ERY*IMUM ASPHRUM MDC. da2 Ord
ERYSIMUM GRANDIFLORUM Nutt.
ERYSIMUM INSULARE Ge.
STANLEYA PINNATIFIDA Nuit. da2
:. pinnata Britton N Y ac tr 8:62. Cv 4:64
Genus STREPTANTHUS Nuittail.
STREPPANTHUS CAMPESTRIs Wat.
STREPTANTHUS HETEROPUYLLUS Nutt.
STREPYANTHUS LONGIROSTRIS Wat.
MmYROCARPA COULTEnl H & H.
L. PALMER! Watson
RAPHANUSSA‘IVUSL. da 2
Riapha:istrum L Wild radish, a bad weed.
THYSANOCARPUs CONCKRULIFERUS Ge.
V. plawiusculus Robinson,
T. CURVIPES Hook.
VY. elegans Robinson.
VY. pulchellus Greene
TP: SiLiI.03 trooker.
TT, UACINIATUS Nuttyll.
V cRENASLS br.

Ord

CAPPARIDACHAR.

Genus CLEHOME Linnaeus.
CLEOME INTEGRIFOLIA Nutt.
Genus CLKOMELLA De
C. PREVIP:«S Watson
OBLTUSI' OLIA 'I'-G.
1, OUCARPA Gray.
C. PARVItLOcA Gray

Candolle.

Genus ISOMERIS Nuttall.

IT ARBORFA Nuttall
VY. glob. sa cv

Genus WISLIZKNIA Eneelmann.
W. RE
Ww.

{ACTA Kngelmann.
PALMERE Gray
RESADACEAE.
Genus OLIGOMERIS Cambess.
OLIGOMERIS SUBULATA Boiss.

The West American Scientist. 54

CISTACEAE.

Genus HELIANTHEMUM Tourmefort.
H, ALDERSO*I Greene
H. GRHENEI Rob.
H. occidentale Ge,
HELIANTHEMUM SCOPARIUM Nutt.

VIOLACEAE.

Gemus VIOLA Linnaeus.

VIOLA CHRYSANTHA Hook.

VIOLA PEDUNCULATA T. & G.

VIOLA LOBATA Bentham

Var. integrifolia Watson

VIOLA AUREA’ Kellogg.
V. premorsa Dougl. issaid to be an older

name,

VIOLA BLANDA Yilld.

VIOLA PURPUREA Kellogg.

POLYGALACHAE.

Genus POLYGALA TVTournefort.
POLYGALA CALIFORNICA Nutt.

Genus KRAMPERIA Linnaeus.
KRAMERIA CANESCENS A. Gray.
KRAMBRiA PARVIFOLIA Benth.

FRANKENIACEAE.

Genus FRANKENIA Linnaeus.
FRANKENIA GRANDIFOLIA C. & S.
V campestris (t,

FRANKENIA PALMERI S. Watson.

CARYOPHYLLACEAE.
Genus SILHENA Linnaeus.

§. GALLICA IL.
SACOG ANI:
SILENA ANTIRRHINA Linn.
SILENA CALIFORNICA Dur.
SILEHNA LACINIATA Cav.
SILHNWA MULTINHRVIA S. Watson.
“Annual, erect, sparingly branched,
glandular-pubescent, about 1° high: leaves
linear to linear-oblong, acute, the lower-
most narrowly oblanceolate, 1-2’ long:
inflorescence dichotomously cymose;
bracts linear: calyx. narrowly ovate, 20-25
nerved, 5-6” long, the acuminate teeth
usually p.-tipped; petals purplish, scarce-
ly equalling the calyx, without append-
ages or auricles, emarginate: filaments
glabrous, Included: capsule nearly sessile,
ohlong-ovate, included: seeds minute, tu-
berculate, not crested. Found near Jamul,

san Diego County, by C. R. Orcutt, in
April, 1385, and on the island of Santa
Cruz, California, by T. S. Brandegee, in

90)

1888.",—S. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad., xxv.

126-7 (Sent. 25. 1890).

STLENA PALMERI. S. Watson.

SILENA PLATYOTA S. Watson.
Genus CERASTIUM Linnaeus.

CERASTIUM NUTANS Raf.
Cc. TRIVIALE Unk.
CERASTIUM VISCOSUM Linn.
Genus STELLARIA Linnaeus,
STELLARIA MEDIA Linn.
S Ni: HNs xuttali
Genus ARENARTA Linnaeus.

ARENARIA ALSINOIDES Willd.
ARENARIA DOUGLASII T. & G.
ARENARIA MACRADENIA Watson.
ARENARIA MACROPHYLLA Hook.
SAPONARIA VACCARIA Linn.
Sagina occidentalis Wat da 3 WwW
Genus LEPIGONUM Evries,

LEPIGONUM GRACILE Watson.
LEPIGONUM MACROTHECUM F. & M
LEPIGONUM MEDIUM Fries.

Genus POLYCARPON Linnzeus.

POLYCARPON DEPRESSUM Nutt.

Genus LORNLINGIA Linnaeus.
LOEFLINGIA SQUARROSA Nutt.

ILLECHEBRACEAR.

Genus PHNTACAHENA Bartling.

PENTACAENA RAMOSISSIMA H. & A.

ACHYRONYCHIA Tor.
ACH YERONY CELA) COOPER iy ila G.

PORTULACACEAE.

Genus PORTULACA Tournefort.
PORTULACA OLERACEKA Linn.

Genus CAWANDRINIA EH. B. K.

CALANDRINIA BREWERI S. Watson.
CALANDRINIA MARITIMA Nutt.
CALANDRINIA MENZIESII Hook.

c. ELEGANS Spach

Genus

da3

Genus CLAWTONIA Linnaeus.

CLAYTONIA CHAMISSONIS Bsch.
CLAYTONIA EXIGUA,. T. & G.
CLAYTONIA PARVIFLORA Dougl.
CLAYTONIA PERFOLIATA Don.
California or Spanish lettuce; cv 4 72,da3, j
CLAYTONIA SPATHULATA Dougl.

Genus CALYPTRIDIUM Nuttall.

CALYPTRIDIUM MONANDRUM Nutt.
CALYPTRIDIUM PARRYI A Gray.

The West American Scientist.

& Gr,

56

Genus LEWIEISIA Pursh.
LEWISIA BRACHYCALYX Engelm..
LEWISIA REDIVIVA Pursh.
SPRAGUEA UMBELLATA Torr.

Genus FOUQUIERA H. B. K.
FOUQUIERA GIGANTEA Orcutt.

In February, 1899, the writer coilect-
ed some small plants of the “ctirio’
tree, near the gold mines at Calmajlli,
Lower California; May 2, 1900, the last
two were planted in the ground in
San Diego, having been in a box during
the interim; the longest branchlets on
one of these was over a foot long and
bearing green foliage when at last
planted in the ground. As there is no
natural rainfall for two or three years
at a time in the region where it grows,
it is naturally well adapted to survive
a long continued drouth: it is one of
the most curious productions of the
plant world, forming a tree often over
30 or 40 feet high, resembling a great
Carrot with ts GooUs) initchey aia iD
Albert Kellogg named it Idria Colam-
waria; later it was! recognized asibe-g
longing to the, genus Fouquiera. The
mushroom cactus, found in Texas, re-
sembles a silk-covered button, and can
be handled without gloves. The deli-
cate, starry net work of snowy-white
spines over the green plant gives it a
very beautiful appearance.

FOUQUIERA SPLENDENS Engelm.
ELATINACHAE.

Genus ELATINE Linnaeus.
ELATINE AMERICANA Arn.
ELATINE BRACHYSPHRMA Gray.
EH.cALIF. RNICA Gray.

Genus BERGIA Linnaeus.
BERGIA THXANA Seubert.

HY PHRICACEAE.

Genus HYPERICUM Linnaeus.
HYPHRICUM ANAGALLOIDES C.-S.
HYPERICUM SCOULERI Hook.

MALVACEAE.

MALVA Linnaeus.
da3 ev4i73

Genus
M parviflora L (borealis Wallm)
M rotundifolinm G Ors

Genus SIDALCEA A. Gray.
SIDALCHA MALVABHFLORA A. Gray.

SIDALCEA NEOMEXICANA A. Gray.
SIDALCHA PEDATA A. Gray.

tion, 2mm in diameter, I-seeded.

57 The
Sdelphinifoliate das

v humilis Ge da3

Modiola caroliniana Don. das

Genus MALVASTRUM A.

MALVASTRUM DENSIFLORUM 5S. W.
MALVASTRUM EXILE A. Gray.

M FASCICULATUM Ge da3
MALVASTRUM FREMONTII Torr.
MALVASTRUM MARRUBIOIDES D.-H,
MALVASTRUM ROTUNDIFOLIUM A.G.
MALVASTRUM THURBERI A. Gray.

Genus S£PHAERALCEA S. N. Hilaire.

SPHAERALCHA AMBIGUA A. Gray.
SPHAHRALCHA HMORYI Torr.
SPHAERALCEA FREMONTII Torr.

S. ORCUTTIIT Rose.

“‘Perennial (?), 60-99 em high, with dense,
stellate pubescence througeout; leaves thick-
ish, ovate, entire or somewhat 3 lobed, with
slightly cordate or trupcate base, obiuse; fis
small, in close, glomerate clusters, on short or
long racemes; calyx 4 mm long, with ovate
lobes; petals 8 mm long brick-red; s sles cla-
vate, thickened; carpels 12, reniform, strongly
reticuiated except the minute terminal por-
Collected
near Carriso ;not Canso] creek, e, 1 N 1890, by
Or (No. 2210). This species, although referred
to Sphweralcea, can hardly be kept out of Mal-
yeopsis. ‘ite carpel is more like that of the
latter genus than of any other known species,
& yet very similar to those of S coulteri aud 5

Gray.

californica.”’- Rose na bb eont 1 289

SPHAERALCEA SULPHUREA S. Wat.
Genus SIDA Linnaeus.
SIDA HEDERACEA A. Gray.
Genus LAVAVTEHRA Linnaeus.

Genus HBISCUS Linnzeus.
HIBISCUS DENUDATUS Benth.
HORSFORDIA NEWBERRYI A. Gray.
HORSFORDIA PALMERI S. Watson.

Genus ABUTILLON VTournefort.
AL DhuON AURANTIACUM SS; Wats.
“Woody the herbaceous stems
Yy%-2° high, pubescent and somewhat vil-
lous: leaves densely
yvety and whitish,

at base,

soft-tomentose, vel-

round-cordate, acute,

the rounded basal lobes overlapping, un-
equally serrate, %-1%’ broad, shorter

than the petioles: fl. axillary and solitary,
on villous-pubsecent pedicels,

which are

West American Scientist.

Sb) 8

as long as the petioles and mostly jointed
near the base or the lower above the mid-
dle: calyx-lobes broadly ovate,
corolla bright orange, 6-9” long:

acute;
calyx
and fr. villous-pubescent; carpels 19,
abruptly short-heaked, 3-seeded, 4”
long, about equalling the calyx. On Todos
Santos Bay, Lower California, by C. C.
Parry, January, 18838, and at Tia Juana, by
C. R. Orcutt, in May of the same year.’’—
SAV iIcS Onn ale 1O Ce pAum rn PAC AIdEE and
(Feb. 21, 1885).

ABUTILON CRISPUM Sweet.

ABUTILON LHMMONI 8S. Watson.

the stout half-wocdy
branching stems 1-2° high, hoary through-
out with a very dense short stellate
pubescence, its stellate character scarce-
ly perceptible on the calyx: leaves cor-

xX.

“Perennial,

date to cordate-lanceolate, acute or
slightly acuminate, dentate, the blade
usually 1’ or less (sometimes 2’) long,

about equalling or shorter than the slen-
der petioles, slightly greener above: pe-
duncles axillary, solitary, shorter than
the leaves, joined near the top: calyx
with broadly ovate acute lobes; corolla
small (8-4 long): carpels
about 9, acute, 4-5” long, finely pubescent,
3-seeded, equalling or a little exceeding
the enlarged calyx.’—S. Watson, Proc.
Am. Acad., xx. 357-8 (Heb. 21, 1885).

STHRCULIACHAE.

Genus MREMONTIA Torrey.
F. GALIFORNICA Torrey
Fremontodendyron californicum Cv 4:74,

AYENIA PUSILLA Linn.
LINACEHAE.

y. or orange,

Genus LINUM Linnaeus.
LINUM PEHERENE Linn.

ZY COPHYLLACEAR.

Genus TRIBULUS Linnaeus.

TRIBULUS GRANDIFLORUS B. & H.
TRIBULUS MAXIMUS Linn.

Genus MAGONTA Linnaeus.
FAGONIA CALIFORNICA Benth.

Genus LARRHA Cav.
LARREA MEXICANA Moric.

59
GERANIACEAE.

GHRANIUM Linnaeus.

GERANIUM CAESPITOSUM James.
GERANIUM CAROLINIANUM Linn.

Genus

Genus HRODIUM LHerit.

ERODIUM CICUTARIUM WL’ Herit.
ERODIUM MACROPHYLLUM H. & A.
ERODIUM MOSCHATUM L’Herit.
EHERODIUM TEXANUM) A. Gray.
Limnanthes douglasii K Br da 4

Genus OXALIS Linnaeus.
OXALIS CORNICULATA Linn.

Fils lemon y, veined with criiison, near the
center & on back of petals & caly x deeply tin-
ged with carmine. sj
OXALIS OREGANA Nutt.

OXALIS WRIGHTII A. Gray.

RUTACHAR.
Genus PVFELEA Linnaeus.
P. APPERA Parry. Or j
Genus THAMNOSMA Torrey.
THAMNOSMA MONTANUM Torr.
| Genus CNEORIDIUM Hooker, f.
CNEORIDIUM DUMOSUM Hook. f.

CELASTRACEAE,
EUNONYMUS Tournefort.
EUONYMUS PARISHII Trelease.
RHAMNACEAR.
Genus ZIZYPHUS Juss.

ZZ WEES UA EUR Yel Norn!

Parry’s lotus or jujube is found in
gravelly ravines near San Felipe and
Rock Springs, in San Diego county,
south into Lower California, and east
of San Bernardino. The fruit is %4-%
inch long, of a dull brownish cadmium
yellow color, mealy and .dry. It is
an unsymmetrical thorny shrub, 4-15
feet high. Said to make excellent jelly
like its near relatives, the classic lotus
and jujubes, so well known as. the
Source of jellies and confections of
_ various kinds.

Genus

Genus RHAMNUS Linnaeus.

RHAMNUS CALIFORNICA Esch.
RHAMNUS CROCEA Nutt.

The West American Sctentist.

’ with corrugated

60'
CONDALIA SPATHULATA A. Gray.
ADOLPHIA Meisner.
ADOLPHIA CALIFORNICA S. Watson.
Genus CHANOTHUS Linnaeus.

CEANOTHUS CUNEATUS Nutt.
CEANOTHUS DIVARICATUS Nutt. ‘Deer.

brush,” a beautiful flowering shrub, with deli-

cate blue flowers.

CEANOTHUS INTEGERRIMUS H.& A.

CHANOTHUS ORCUTTII Parry.
“Branches flexible, dull reddish, with
short, h spid pubescence; leaves peticlate,
broadly orbicular to oblong -cordate,
usually rounded obtuse, 30-40 mm. in
length, often as broad, irregularly glan-

Genus

dular-serraie, sparing y hispd above,
strongly triple-nerved beneath, with
prominent hairy ciliate veins; inflores-

cence axillary, oval scarcely exceeding
the leaves, rather compact, with pubes-
eent rachis, and smooth pedicels; fl. ap-
parently wh te or light blue (Seen only in
fallen fragments); fr. glandular-hispid,
resinous epicarp, and
conspicuous crests; seeds light brown.’’—
Farny, “noc Wav. Acady Niatlngns ciemma
194 (Aug. 31, 1889).

CEANOTHUS RIGIDUS Nutt.
CEANOTHUS SOREDIATUS H. & A.

C spinosa Nutt da 4
C oliganthus Nutt da 4
C megacarpus Nutt da 4

C crassifolius Nutt ev 475, dad, Crisb
C VESTITUS Ge.

“Near C. cuneatus, & like itin size & habit:
leaves & branchleis ashy-tomentulose, the for-
mer opposite, coriaceous, subsessile, 4-6 lines
long, round-obovate, obtuse or retuse, some-
what concave above, sharply spinulose-den-
tate all around: fls white: capsule apparently
small, the short salient appendages inserted
at about the middle.” Ge pitt 2101 dad
C verrucosus Nutt Or 53j; d
C hirsutus Nutt Ord4da

SAPINDACEAR.
Genus AESCULUS Liunaeus.
AESCULUS PARRYI A. Gray.

Genus ACER TYTournefort.

ACER CIRCINNATUM Pursh.
ACER GLABRUM Torr.
ACHR MACROPHYLLUM Pursh.

67
VITACEAE.
Genus VITIS Tournefort.
VITIS CALIFORNICA Benth. The wild

grapevine of California.

ANACARDIACEAE.

Genus RHUS Linnaeus.

RHUS AROMATICA Ait.
RHUS DIVERSILOBA T. & G.
RHUS LAURINA Nutt.

RHUS INTEGRIFOLIA Nuttall. <A_ stout
evergreen shrub, at times attaining to the
rank of a tree, and a diameter exceeding five
feet. The rose colored flowers produced
close panicles one to

in
three inches long, fol-
lowed by deep brilliant red berries, coated
with an icy-looking, wax-like substance that
is even more tart than the pleasantly acid
berries. These berries make a cooling drink,
equal to lemonade (almost indistinguishable in
flavor.)

In Southern and Lower California this is
often called Mahogany, from the rich and
beautiful color of the wood.

RHUS OVATA S. Watson.

“A shrub, 5-10° high, glabrous excepting
the finely pubescent branches and _ the
bracts of the inflorescence: leaves coria-
ceous and shining, ovate, acute or acumi-
nate, entire or rarely sparingly toothed,

2-3’ long, on a stout, usually reddish
petiole 4-8” long: fl. in dense closely
panicled spikes 4%’ long or tess, the

rounded bracts and sepals pury lish; petal:
light y.: fr. compressed-ovate, OB!
long, viscid-pubescent.’’—S. Watson, Proc,
Am. Acad., xx. 358-9 (Feb. 21, 1885).

The Sugar-bush is a handsome ever-
green shrub, noted for its glossy foliage
and graceful, oval form. The small
dark red berries make a cooling drink,
pleasantly flavored, resembling lemon-
ade, and when dry are covered with
a thin, waxy, white substance, that is
very sweet, which the Indians are said
to have formerly gathered for sugar.

LEGUMINOSAE.

Genns THERMOPSIS R. Brown.
THERMOPSIS CALIFORNICA S. Wat.
HOFFMANSEGGIA MICROPHYLLA Tr.
HLOrFKFMANSEGGIA STRICTA Benth.

The West American Scientist.

62
Genus PICKERINGIA Nuttall.

P montana Nutt d northward.

Genus CERCIS Linnaeus,
C occidentalis Torr d

Genus HOSACKIA Douglas.

This genus is included in the old world ge-
nus Lotus by Greene, Coville & others, along
with Syrmatium; we prefer to retain all un-
der Hosackia, though Syrmatium may well be
treated as a distinct genus.
21—Kuhosackia
OBLONGIFLLIA Bentham.

CRASSIFOLIA Benth,
GRANDIFLOKA Benth.
_RIGitt+A Bentham.

Var ARGYREA S Watson.
H MARISIWMA Nutt.

H STHIGUSA Nutt.

LOTUS HUMILIS Greene pit 2 140—

“Wosackia maritima Ge pit | 288 non Nutt.
Habit and texture of salsuginosus, but every
way smaller, the branches apparently pros-
trate: leaflets 4 or 5, obovate, obtuse: pedun-
cles shorter than the leaves, 1-3-flowered, na-
ked or bracted: corolla 2” long, reddish, the
banner & wings notably shorter than the
broad obtuse abruptly inflexed keel: pod-near-
ly terete, less than an inch long, 6-8 seeded:
seeds very small, almost spherical, smooth.
—We pitt 2 140. San Bartolome bay, j

Cv 4 83 mj
LOTUS TOMENTELJ,.US Ge

‘Prostrate, much branched, canescently to-
mentulose: leaflets 5 or 7, cuneate-obovate or
oblong, obtuse: peduncles slender, shorter
tnan the leaves, the lowest bractless « 1-fl’ed,
the later often bracted & 2-fl’ed: corolla y, 38”
long, twice the length of the calyx; pod nar-
row, compressed, an inch or more in length,
5-7 seeded; seeds from orbicular to oval, com-
pressed, the surface covered with a minute «&
low tuberculation.”’—Ge pitt 2 140 j, cv 4 84 mj

72 Microlotus

H. PURSHIANA Bentham.
H. BRACHYCARPA Benth.

1 otus humistratus Ge Pittonia 2:139,
H SUBPINNATA 17T-G

g3—Syrmatium

H. GLABRA Torr.
H PROSTRATA Nutt.
H. MICKANTHA Nutt.
H. ARGOPHYLLA Gray,
H. PEERMANNI D. & H.

im bt

63

H. DECUMBENS Benth.
HOSACKILA HAYDOUONI Orcutt.

“‘Suffrutescent; 6-12” high or more,
the slender stems woody at base, at first
slightly spreading, then recurving in-
ward and slightly intertwining, forming a
loosrly-compact bush, glabr..us or near-
ly so throughout: leaflets 3 or less, ob-
lony, obtuse, 1-2 mm. long: fi. single or
more rarely in pairs, short pedunculate,
2mm long: calyx of equal length, the
teeth narrowly subulate, erect, 14-% as
long as the tube: pod but slightly in-
curved, usually twice the length of the
persistent calyx, i1-seeded: seed dark
Olive-ereen, 217) ram Momerrisiiedatiy
curved. I take pleasure in dedicating
this delicate species to Mr. Marion D.-
Haydon, in return for his hospitality and
for his directing my attention to various
forage plants whose valuable qualities
had previously been unsuspected. Col-
lected in April, 1889, growing among the
rocks in a canyon leading into the ° olo-
rado desert, on the old stag line from
San, Dieeo to, Ht. Vumay i iNVintin dinedia=
bra,. Torrey, this plant is commonly
known as deer weed, but its smaller
growth will render it Jess valuable for
cultivation and it is apparently too limi-
ted in its distribution to assume import-
ance asa wild forage plant.”— Orcutt,
West American Scientist, vi, 63, Jl 1889.
SYRMATIUM DENDR UIDEUM Greene.

“Shrubby, erect,-4-7° high, with roughish
brown stem an inch or 2 in thickness, & Inany
short ascending branches: branchlets angular,
their growing parts more or less tninutely
appressed-silky, the plant otherwise glabrous:
leafiets 3, narrowly oblong, obtuse: umbels
numerous, on short peduncles, not bracted:
calyx 8-4” long, the triangular-subulate teeth
14 as long as the nearly cylindrical tube: corcl-
la 4-6” long: pod 34’ long, slightly curved, 3-
seeded: seeds terete & straight. Hill tops,
among other bushes, on the higher parts of
Santa Cruz Island. Near S glabrum, but of
entirely different habit, with much larger fis
& fruit, on shoct, rigid, crowded branchlets.”
—(re pitt 2 146—referred to Hosackia glabra by
Br Ca ac pr II 1 208, who says:—‘ Some of its
forms ure exacily the mainland plants.”

°

The West American Scientist.

‘LUPINUS

Of

Genus SOPHORA Linnaeus,

Sarizonica wat z

| Genus LUPINUS Limmaeus,
LUPINUS AFFINIS Agardh.
LUPINUS ALBICAULIS Dougl.
LUPINUS ARIZONICUS S. Watson.
LUPINUS BREVICAULIS SS. Watson.
LUPINUS CHAMISSONIS Bsch.
DENSIFLORUS: Benth.
DOUGLASII Agardh.

GRACIULIS Agardh.
Or d

LUPINUS
LUPINUS
lL. burkei
I; arboreus Sim da 5
Lalbifrons Bth daa
L formosus bridgesii Ge
Leystisoides Agardh
L nanus Dougl dao
Lumbellatus Ge dao
LUPINUS HIRSUTISSIMUS Benth.
LUPINUS LITTORALIS Dougl.
LUPINUS MICRANTHUS Dougl.
LUPINUS ORCUTTII S. Watson.
“Ditfusely much branched from the
pase, low (2-4 high), pubescent
throughout with short stiffish spreading
leaflets 5, oblong-spatulate, 3-67
shorter than the petioles: racemes
the Vass Me
orl Tedidilsiayiilen tard

davon
da 5, cv 4 82

hairs:
long,
numerous, sessile in
long, the scattered p.
long: pod oblong, 4% 2-3-seeded:
seeds 1” in diameter.’’—S. Watson,
Proc. Am. Acad., xx. 359 (Feb. (21, 1885).
LUPINUS SPARSIFLORUS Benth.

LUPINUS TRUNCATUS Nuit.

long,

Genus TRIFOLIUM Linnaeus.

TRIFOLIUM CILIATUM Nutt.
TRIFOLIUM EXILE Greene.

TRIFOLIUM FUCATUM Lindl.

TRIFOLIUM GRACILENTUM T. & G.

TRIFOLIUM INVOLUCRATUM Willd.
TRIFOLIUM MACRAHI H.. & A.

v albopureum H-A da 4

T ciliolatum Vth da 4

TY bifidum Ge da 4

T repens da 4

Troscidium Ge dad

Ystenophyllum Nutt da 4

T depauperatum Desv da 4

T cyathiferum Lindl da 5

TRIFOLIUM MONANTHUM A. Gray.
TRIFOLIUM MICROCHPHALUM Pursh
TRIFOLIUM RUSBYI Greene.

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