West American Scientist

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75

caused addicted to grassy fields, ‘‘never
in the woods,’ and the first to yield to
cult. Com single in a wild state, in cult
forming large clusters. Raised in large
quantities in Europe, Japan, China and
the United States.

Baja! Var: alba is the com form in
America, and as observed in the streets
of San Diego and in Southern California
in general!

Endothia Parryi.

Orcutt 4902: on leaves of Agave Shawii,
initial boundary monument south of San
- Diego!

Anthurus borealis.

Lysurus borealis Burt.

Orcutt 4880: Balboa Park, San Diego.

Receptacle borne on stalk, hollow, at-
tenuate at base, divided above into arms
which do not join at apices, which bear
spore-mass in their inner surfaces and
sides, inclosing spore-mass when young,
’ jater diverging.

Phalloid-st w, hollow, attenuated down-
ward; arms nar, lance-shape, with pale
flesh-colored backs, traversed entire
length by a shallow furrow. Plants found
at Akron, Ohio, are figured. in Hard’s
‘Mushrooms, Edible and Otherwise.’’ The
ege-like volva and strong fetid odor are
characteristics of this plant.

SD

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+ 0} _--—___.
OIL PAINTINGS.

“A MEXICAN GENTLEMAN.”
Canvas 26 44x33 inches, un-
signed, ‘‘over 100 years old,”
the portrait of a typical man
of affairs of Mexican Colonia:
life. Price $100.
“THE CRUCIFIXION.” Can-
vas 28 x39 inches, unsigned,
“over 100 years old,’’ depicting
the Savior as surroundedon the
cross. by four sorrowing com-
panions, fairly typical of Mexi-
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$150.

“THE DOVE DESCENDING.”
Canvas 33x45 inches, portray-
ing four figures in sacred his-
tory, in rich coloring that is
characteristic of the famous
Mexican artist, Cabrera, of a
past century, whose work it is
believed to be, according to a
well-known eritic in Mexico
City. Price $500.

“MAE CRUCIFIXION.’ Can-
vas 26x34% inches, unsigned,
“over 100 years old,”’ depicting
the Christ alone on the cross.

yay Ue

A 2.

A 4.

76

Price $75.

For sale by f
ORCUTT’S REAL ESTATE AGENCY
C. R. Orcutt, Manager.
SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA.

eee

REAL ESTATE.

The following real estate is owned,
and offered for sale at the affixed
prices, by the undersigned. Prices
subject to change without notice.
Terms can be given.

As we wish to sell, reasonable
offers will be entertained for any
piece that remains unsold:
CALIFORNIA: Ramona.

O 642. West two-thirds of lot 16, Valie

de los Amigos, about 11% acres, 5. room

house, well, spring, live oak trees, fine
view, 1 mile east of Ramona on Julian
stage road, San Dievo County. $1400.

CALIFORNIA:. San Francisco.

0 676. Lot 39, blk 5, Belle Air Park, San

Mateo County, 25x100 ft. $600.

C659. MANCHESTER, Montana, lot
10, block 28, 50x125 feet,
near Co-operative woolen
Mill. $1000.

GUTHRIA, Oklahoma: Ball &

Ferguson’s subdivision of N

1, of N W % of section 20,

T 16 N R 2 W of the Indian

. Meridian, lot or block 9, con-

taining 2 acres. $1000.
HAST KUAMATH FALLS,
Oregon, Block 6, First Addi-
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SPEARFISH, S. D.: Lot 23,
block 3, Golden Belt addition,
25x100 feet, near business
center of this prosperous
town. $500.

PORT ANGELES, Washing-

ton: Lots 1 to 24, block 11,

Union Pacific second addition.
$3000.

JAMUL, San Diego County,

Californi: N E 4% of N W

4, section 2,T17,SR2H#,

S BM, 40.45 acres. ‘“Run-

ning water, perennial

springs and oak _trees.”’

NEW RIVERSIDE, adjoin-

ing the city of San Diego,

lot 5, containing 10 acres,

and lot 6, containing 10

acres, each $2000.

OROCUTT’S REAL ESTATE AGENCY

San Diego, California.

C 681.

> 641.

C 671.

C 939.

C 474.

C504.

i < vy Z

The: West?American‘Scientist

No. 2605 Broadway, San Diego, California

VOLUME XVIII. WHOLE NO. 138.
JANUARY, 1914
SSD
Established 1884.
THE WEST AMERICAN SCIENTIST.

Monthly, $1.00 per year. Exchanges
invited.

Single copy, 10 cents.

Charles Russell Orcutt, Editor and
Publisher.

9)
FLORA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA.

(Continued from last issue.)

tessellated, with a terete curved appen-
dage (radicle?) scarcely lg’er than diam
of globular portion; albumen apparently
O, Ubi, SEnrique, SMaria. This very
remarkable sp grows on Veatchia. dis-
color, & in the interior, where the tree
is taller, frequently covers the whole top
with a mass of y.. As the parasite was
oft 6-8 ft from the ground, with no
intermediate growth, it did not seem
that it had germinated in the usual way
on the earth. Perhaps the very unusual
formation of the sd may be intended to
furnish support to the infant plant in
beginning its growth in a crotch of the
tree or a fold of the cracking bark. The
specimens were just coming into fl, &
the description of sd is drawn from such
as could be obtained from a dried &
persisting tangle of the previous year’s
growth.’’—Br 2:189.
STEMODIA POLYSTACHYA Br 2:191.
“Suffrutescent, minutely & sparsely
glandular-pubescent, dividing near base
into num slender, angled sts about 1 ft
hi, &- branching above: lvs opp, trian-
gular-ovate in outline, pinnately parted
or incised in the manner of Conobea
multifida, & decurrent into petioles of
about the same length: fis 1-2 in axils,
on slender pedicels of about their own
length; cx-lobes acuminate, nearly equal,
bracts 0; cor p, with y’ish throat 8-10
mm lg; upper lip emarginate, lobes of
the lower denticulate; tube hairy below
insertion of sta: anth-cells disjointed &
pedicellate; rudiment of the posterior sta
somewhat capitate: ova ovate-acumin-
‘ate, a little exceeding cx-lobes, septi-
ecidal: valves entire; placental column 2-
cleft: sds _ spiral _ striate. SGregorio,

Comondu. This plant & Conobea inter-
media, in which the rudiment of the 5th
sta is also present, tho very minute,
appear to break down all distinctions be-
tween the two genera.’’—Br. 2:191,

HERPESTIA EXILIS Br 2-191.

_“Mercadonia, Ann, giab, erect, 3-6 in
hi, seldom branching: lvs penninerved,
ovate or oblg-lanceolate, 10-15 mm leg,
serrate above the middle & tapering at
base into a margined petiole of less
than its own length: fis axy on slender

‘pedicels 2-4 times as lg as lvs: ex 5 mm

lg, the posterior oblg-lanceolate sep of
same form & but little lg’er than the 2
anterior: cor y, twice as lg as ex, upper
lip entire, pubescent in throat with
glandular hairs: anth-cells divergent,
the rudiment of posterior one oft pres-
ent as a minute capitate appendage to

tube: sty dilated, barely 2-lobed at
apex: cap-valves sh’ly 2-cleft; sds oblg
with a minutely reticulated coat. S

Jorge.’’—Br 2:191.
BELOPERONE HIiANS Br 2:194.
“Suffrutescent, woody at base, with
num slender branches, pubescent or gla-
brate: Ivs ovate, oval or oblg, acute or
obtuse, sh’ly petiolate: fis solitary & ses-
sile in axils: bracts & braceoles linear,
acute, sh’er than cx, which is deeply
5-parted, 7 mm lg, the linear lobes
acute: cor r, 23-35 mm lg; tube funnel-
form not appendaged, much sh’er than
the deeply bilabiate limb; upper lip bare-
ly emarginate, the lower cleft for more
than a third its length into oblg, widely
spreading lobes: fil adnate to the whole
length of tube; upper cell of anth a third
the larger, both very minutely calcarate
& widely spreading at base: sty fili-
form; stig not enlarged; ova 4-ovuled:
cap clavate-oblg, about 15 mm lg, the
sterile base no lg’er than upper part &
exceeded by cx-lobes: sds _ flattened,
glab, coarsely rugose; cotyledons reni-
form with the sh radicle incurved to-
wards sinus. Comondu. This sp might
as well & perhaps better be put into
Justicia, but it so strongly resembles
Beloperone Californica as to be taken
for a slight variation of it in the first
hasty examination of this collection.
From the character of its sds it may
even be that a fr’g fragment of it fur-
nished Dr. Gray with the description
which was alluded to under B: Califor-

J

79
nica. The order is much in need of 4
careful revision.’’—Br 2:194.

LIPPIA BARBATA Br 2:196.

“Zapania. Shrubby: lvs pinnate-veined,
erenate, round-ovate, obtuse or a little
decurrent upon the sh petiole, 15-25 mm
lg & broad, rugose-veined, soft pubes-
cent beneath, rough-strigose above: ped
solitary in axils, stout, sh, much exceed-
ed by oblg hds: bracts silky pubescent,
broadly ovate, all distinct, a: little sh’er
than the w(?) cor: cx not half as lg as
bracts, formed of 2, lateral,
acute seg covered with lg w hairs, clos-
ing over the cohering nutlets & decid
with them: cor 7-8 mm lg, bilabiate, up-
per lip erect, entire; lower spreading, 3-
lobed; sta sessile, nearly equally at-
tached hi in the throat: sty sh: stig
somewhat 2-lobed. Described from frag-
ments brought for culinary purposes by
a Mexican of Comondu from ‘La Gigan-
ta,’ a neighboring mountain.’’—Br 2:196.
LIPPIA FASTIGIATA Br 2:196.

“Shrubby about a ft hi, with num slen-
der, fascicled, w-tomentose branches: lvs
densely tomentose, sessile, cuneate- lan-
ceolate, & broadly crenate above middle,
com opp, but sometimes ternate, 10-20
mm lg, 4-6 wide: ped solitary, stout, 2-4
times as lg as lvs; hds hemispherical to
oblg, few-fld; bracts ovate, distinct, cx
much exceeding bracts; densely covered
with sh w wool, lobes 2, united nearly
to top & truncate: cor w(?), 5 mm lg, a
third lg’er than cx; tube cylindrical;
limb bilabiate, upper lip 2-lobed, lower
3-cleft, lobes all crenate: sta unequally
inserted on fil Ig’er than anth; cells
somewhat separated & oblique on a di-
lated connective: pistil very sh the sty
only 0.5 mm lg, disk-like stig attached
to the front of upper half, ovules 1 in
each cell. Given to me at SBenito by a
Mexican who. collected it from some
point nearer the Pacific & used it as a
tea under the name Damiana.’’—Br 2:196.
SALVIA CALIFORNICA Br 2:197.

‘“‘Heterosphace. Shrubby, 2-3 ft hi,
densely w-tomentose, with branching
wool: Ivs sessile, oblg, 15-25 mm lg, irr
coarsely dentate or lobed, lobes some-
what acutely pungent: fr’g spike elon-
gated, interrupted; verticils remote, 4-8
_fld; bracts ovate-acuminate: cx campan-
ulate, 6 mm lg, scarcely bilabiate, sh’ly,
acutely & nearly equally 5-toothed, the
posterior a little lg’er: cor light blue, 12
mm lg; tube slender, cylindrical; poster-
ior lip 2-cleft, anterior as Ig as tube,
lateral lobes much sh’er than the trian-
gular-ovate, fimbriate, middle one: con-
nectives free, lg-exserted; the lower
fork i-third as lg as upper, & termin-
ated by a sm antheriferous cell: sty fili-

_ form, exceeding sta, sh’ly & unequally
2-lobed. Calmalli, Cardon Grande.’’—Br
ne PASI) Te

BOERHAAVIA ELONGATA Br 2:199.
Per (?). Sts slender, 6 ft lg or more,
much branched, prostrate on the ground
or supported by bushes, nearly glab, ex-
cept some spreading hairs on the younger
' branches, somewhat glau: Ivs. thin, - cor-
date-ovate, acuminate, minutely pubes-

“navicular, —

flattened,

1) es
cent above, glab below, 20-50 mm on pe-
tioles %4th as lg: infl pubescent, axy and
terminal, of imperfect simple or forked
umbels, 3-6 fid, on ped com much ex-
ceeding lvs: pedicels very unequal, 3-20
mm lg: perianth w, spreading, 15 mm
wide: fr clavate-oblg, 5-6 mm lg,. 2%:
wide, nearly bk, with broad mucilagin-
ous glands in 3 or 4 horizontal rows, or
sometimes’ crowded towards - the ‘top.
SPablo, Jesus. Maria,.’’—Br. 2:199,
ATRIPLEX: MAGDALENAE, Br. [9: 200.

“Per dioe:(2) herbaceous, w-furfur-
aceous, prostrate with branches 1-2 ft
Ig: lvs thin, all alt, obovate, apiculate,
entire, 1- nerved, ‘10-20 mm lg, tapering
into a sh petiole: stam fils not seen: pist
fils sessile in clusters, in upper lf’y axils:
frg bracts ‘rhomboid, somewhat com-
pressed, nearly 4 mm lg, tips herbaceous,
spreading, edges below lateral angles not
margined or toothed, sides not appendicu-
late: sty nearly equalling bracts: sd flat-
tened, about 1 mm lg; radicle nearly su-
perior. Magdalena Island.’’—Br. 2:200.
ATRIPLEX LURIDA Br 2:200.

“Mon. woody at base, 1-2 ft. hi, with
num very slender, r’ish branches: lvs
sparingly w scurfy, com opp or sub-opp,
oval to lanceolate, acute, sharply denticu-
late or the upper entire, 15-20 mm, taper-

‘ing into a petiole 1 to 2-3ds as lg: stam

fls in globose clusters on sh, axy spikes
either on different branches or above and
sometimes mixed with the pist; cx deeply
5-parted, 2 mm broad: pist fl clusters
somewhat scattered in naked panicles, frg
bracts sh’ly pedicellate, triangular, round-
ed above, 2-3 mm lg, very unequal in
width, com much exceeding the length,
upper half margined by a double row
of herbaceous teeth; sides 3-nerved, some-
what muricate: sty a little exserted: sd
brown, 3-4th mm lg; radicle nearly su-
perior. SGregorio.’’—Br 2:200.
ATRIPLEX CURVIDENS Br. 2:201.
“Shrubby, 4-6 ft hi, forming rounded
clumps; branches’ slender, divaricately
spreading: lvs linear-spatulate, cuneate,
nearly sessile, 15-22 mm lg, 3-5 wide:
pist fls panicled; bracts thin, compressed,
nearly sessile, triangular, cuneate below,
truncate above, about 3 mm lg and oft
nearly twice as broad; upper margin cleft
into num linear, somewhat curved. seg;
sides somewhat appendaged with 1 or
more similar processes: sds light-brown,
somewhat triangular, nearly 1
mm lg, exceeding width; radicle superior.
Comondu. ‘Described from fr of previous
year.’’—Br. 2:201.
ERIOGONUM IRRETITUM Br. 2:202.
“Per, glau and nearly glab, 1-2 ft hi,
woody at base and rough, with remains of
the clasping petioles; branches num, slen-
der, drooping, oft fascicled in axils, divar-
ieate and entangled: lIvs all near base,
ovate, acute, 15-20 mm lg, tapering into
petioles broadly dilated and clasping at
base and 2-3 times their length; both lvs
and petioles sparingly hirsute and eili-
ate, the latter somewhat scabrous: bracts
linear-acuminate, sparingly ciliate: inv
glab, 11% mm lg, solftary, on slender ped

81

3-10 mm lg, in axils or along branchlets,
clavate. cleft half-way into 38-5 acumin-
ate, somewhat pungent lobes, 3-5-fid;
bractlets in a single Sr, ovate, hyaline,
ciliate, much sher than IV yh Saai alse lie
as inv, developed Successively, exserted;
perianth-seg. obtuse, pubescent externally,
the outer thick, the inner dilated and pet-

aloid on margins: sta exserted; anth oolg:.

Ova (immature) gla. Agua Dulce. This
is another of the intermediate sp which
lessens the distance between HEriogonum
& Oxytheca.’’—Br 2:202.
CHORIZANTHE FLAVA Br 2:209.
“Branching from near base, 2-18 in. lg,
floccose-tomentose or glabrate; the sh
plants erect, the longer prostrate; sts
y ish-r: lvs all radicle, tomentose on both
sides, oblg-lanceolate, tapering into a
lg’er petiole: bracts linear-acuminate &
pungent: inv scattered, spreading; tube
nearly cylindrical, tomentose, 4-5 mm lg,
at length much surpassed by 3 broad,
somewhat recurved, subequal, straight-
awnhed lobes, tomentose avove, near the
base; the intermediate ones nearly ob-
solete: perianth y, glab, sh’ly stipitate,
exserted .1-third its length; sez ovate-
acuminate, entire or crenate on margins,
‘less than 1-third as lg as tube: sta OF
attached near base of tube; fil glab, ex-
serted; anth oblg: ova nearly as lg as
tube; embryo straight, linear; radicle
1-third as lg as cotyledons. Calmalli.’’—
Br 2202s
CHORIZANTHE MUTABILIS Br 2:203.
“Branching at base, erect or procum-
beng, H3-12ein les sts stramineous,
or pale: lvs all near base, lanceolate, ta-
pering into petiole: bracts linear-acerose,
soft: inv solitary or in sh spikes in axils;
tube slightly pubescent, ribbed, divided
above into 3, broad, spreading, somewhat
corrugated, sh’ly awn-tipped lobes, at
length flattened & much exceeding tube,
& 3 intermediate, very much sm’er &
sh’er, sometimes almost obsolete ones:
perianth sh’ly pedicellate, 6-7 mm lg;
tube & throat y; seg half as lg as: tube,
w or rose-color, lg-hairy on back, obleg.
obtuse, crenate or entire, undulate: Sta 9,
attached near base, about as Ig as tube;
fil giab; anth oblg: ak as ig as tube; em-
-bryo linear, cotyledons nearly twice as
‘lg as radicle. SEnrique.’’—Br 2:203.
(To be continued.)

——_—_ 9Q——___—__.
LOWER CALIFORNIA.

“If thou seekest a beautiful peninsula,
behold it here.’’

In 1867 Thomas Sprague wrote that
“the peninsula of Lower California can
be made the garden-spot of the world.”

The climate was spoken of as “undoubt-.

edly one of the healthiest in the world,
and for persons of consumptive habit,
without a parallel.’’ ‘

Lower California begins at the nort
three miles south of San Diego bay, in
Alta or New California, ending at the
south in Cape San Lucas. The Pacific
ocean on the west, and the Gulf of Cali-
fornia on the east, form its remaining

r’ish.

82

limitations, It possesses about seven
hundred miles of ocean shores, and six
hundred miles of gulf coast, its north-
eastern boundary commencing at a point
on the Rio Colorado a few miles south ©
of Fort Yuma.

That portion of the peninsula nearest
to San Diego bay, extending south for a
full 150 miles, and inland to the confines
of the Colorado Desert, is one of the
choicest sections for health, climate and
fertility, in no wise inferior to the most
favored portion of the state of Califor-
nia, the climate, like that at San Diego,
being one of the most uniform and de-
lightful yet known.

GULF OF CALIFORNIA.

This great arm of the Pacifie, which
penetrates the American continent deep-
er than any other, runs from near the
twenty-third degree north latitude to the
thirty-first degree thirty minutes, a
length of near six hundred feographical
miles, to where it receives the waters of
the Rio Colorado of the West. It ac-
quired its name of the Golfo de Cortez
(Gulf of Cortes), or Mar de Cortez (Sea
of Cortes), from the great captain, who
visited it in 1537. After the explora-
tions of Ulloa and Alarcon, from 1537 to
1540, it received the name of the Red Sea
(Mar Vermiglion, Mar Rojo, and Mar
Vermijo), from the reddish color of the
waters, and the accounts given of its
shores by Nuno de Guzman and his offi-
cers, the first conquerors of Sinaloa.

After the discovery of Kino, in 1700, it
became known as Mar Laurentano, from
the Virgin of Loretto, patroness of the
Californian missions, Seno California,
Mar California, and in the Jesuit maps
from 1730 to 1772 it is set down as Golfo
de California (Gulf of California), by
which name it is best known today. It
forms the western boundaries of the
States of Sonora and Sinaloa.

In its northern parts it is full of sand
bars, shoals, hidden _—i rocks, shallow
soundings, and dangerous currents, while
its southern portions contain the finest
harbors, bays, and anchorages, with the
safest navigation for the major part of
the year. In width it ranges from 20
miles at its head to 250 miles’ between
Cape San Lucas and ‘the port of Mazat-
lan.

ISLANDS OFF THE PACIFIC COAST.

The islands off the west coast of Baja
California are about fifteen in number,
briefly described as follows, chiefly from
published notes by Captain C. M. Scam-

n.
q_OS CORONADOS: merely two rocky
situated in 32

islets, of trap formation,
degrees, 24 minutes to 32 degrees, 26
minutes, north latitude, six miles from

the coast line; several smaller rocks are
seattered between the two largest; an-
chorage can be found on the southeast
side of the most southern one, the larg-
est,.a mile in extent. A fine quarry of

83

reddish brown sandstone is said to exist
on one of these islands. The vegetation
has been briefly noted by Edward Lee
Greene, in the West American Scientist.
ST. MARTIN: situated in 30 degrees,
20 minutes north latitude, and 116 de-
grees, 121 minutes west longitude; is of
moderate height, 12 miles long by 2 wide,
with anchorage on its south and south-
east Sides in 12 to 18 fathoms. A little
lagoon is found on its southern side,
which is quite low, where seal used to
resort in large numbers. It is quite
barren, producing only cacti, shrubs and
herbage that grow in a _ seanty soil,
among broken rocks in a dry climate.
ST. GERONIMO: called by sea-otter
. hunters Round Island; of moderate ele-
vation, long, about 2 miles wide, ex-
tremely barren, about 3 miles from the
mainland. Affords a good shelter, on its
northeast side, from northwesterly winds.
A reef lies between the island and the

shore, where the sea breaks heavily in
rough weather.
GUADALUPE ISLAND is a high ele-

vation of land running nearly north and
south, in extent about 15 miles. There
is no safe anchorage around it, the
shores being bold, and its banks gener-
ally high and precipitous. The northern
extremity is not less than 3,400 feet
above the sea, with a growth of pines
and cypress, while its deep canyons con-
tain a palm tree peculiar to the island.
Vegetation is by no means abundant,
but the flora of the island is fairly well
known through the collections made by
Dr. Edward Palmer, and by Professor E.
L. Greene. Fresh water is found here,
and goats introduced to the island have
increased immensely. Fur seal and the
sea elephant once made its shores a
favorite resort. Two barren rocky islets
lie off its south end.

ELIDE: a naked rock, one mile in cir-
cumference, once covered with guano;
from 1857 about 28,000 tons were taken
off, when the supply became exhausted.
The nearest water is 7 miles east, on
the mainland.

CHESTER’S ISLAND is an islet lying
close to the north side of Point St.
Eugenio, named for an American sea
captain, who denuded it of guano in
early days.

SAN BONITO ISLANDS are three in
number, two moderately high, the mid-
dle one quite low, 15 miles west of
Cedros Island, separated from each other
by narrow passages, where boats may
pass in safety, but not practical for
large vessels. Their united length is not
over 10 miles, the largest, the western
one, being about 5 miles in extent, the
other two about half the size each, all
very barren, affording neither wood nor
water. Seal and sea-elephants were for-
merly feund on them in large numbers.
A species of cactus seems to be peculiar
to these islets, but the vegetation is
sparse. Anchorage may be had on the
southeast side of the middle island in
from 10 to 20 fathoms, but the bottom is
quite rocky and poor holding-ground.

% hea:

lies between Cedros and
the mainland, rising to 700 feet eleva-
tion, 5 miles long, by 1 broad, perfectly
barren, the breeding-place of large num=-.
bers of seal and sea fowl.

MARIA ISLAND is an islet off the
west end of Natividad Island, and has
‘yielded some guano in the past.

ST. ROQUE: in 27 degrees north lati-
tude, less than two miles off the coast, a
low rock, covered with some _ coarse
gravel and iight sand, intermixed with
bird-lime, about 5 square miles in ex-
tent. Its shores are the breeding-places
of seals, and were once a favorite resort
of the sea-elephant; large numbers of a
small sea-fowl called mutton-birds bur-
row in the sandy soil, where they hatch
their young. Good shelter can be found
for a small vessel between the island
and the main.

ASUNCION: in 26 degrees, 50 minutes,
north latitude, 114 degrees west longi-
tude, is similar to St. Roque, a little
higher in elevation, and affords a good
anchorage on its southeastern side in 12
to 15 fathoms, well sheltered from the
prevailing northwest winds.

SANTA MARGARITA: a_ cluster of:
high rocky peaks and slopes, broken, ex-
tremely barren, near Magdalena bay.
Veins of coal, copper and gold have been
reported as existing in its mountains.
Capt. Scammon reports that ‘‘two ships’ ©
companies once carried on gold-mining |
(as they supposed) for a few weeks
pretty extensively, and large quantities
of ‘the virgin metal were taken on board,
out, much to the disgust of all con-
cerned, it proved to be nothing but iron
pyrites.”’ The extent of the island east
and west is 36 miles. 3

MANGROVE: near Santa Margarita
island, is low, composed of sand and
mud, covered in places with a _ thick
growth of mangrove-trees.

CEDROS ISLAND: see Cerros Island.

CERROS ISLAND: also called Cedros,
is a mass of high, abrupt peaks, the
highest of 2,500 feet elevation, which
may be seen in clear weather a distance
of 60 miles. It bounds the west side of
San Sebastian Viscaino bay, its south
point is 28 degrees, 3 minutes north §lat-
itude, 115 degrees, 25 minutes west long-
itude.

Capt. Scammon says:—‘‘On near ap-
proach its sombre and barren appear-
ance is anything but inviting. Many of
the southern slopes present a dark-red
hue, interspersed with high variegated
cliffs that give a little change to the
otherwise dull scene. On landing, one is
sensible of the extremely dry atmos-
phere prevailing; there must be, how-
ever, occasionally heavy rains producing
mountain torrents, which have cut their
way through the sand and gravel bot-
toms that skirt the southern bases, but
they are of rare occurrence, those best
acquainted, who have been living there
or along the coast for nearly the last
five years, have never known it to be

(To be continued.)

NATIVIDAD:

ThesWest?American*Scientist.

No. 2605 Broadway,

VOLUME XVIII. WHOLE NO. 139
February, 1914
ee EE eee
Established 1884. ela
THE WEST AMERICAN SCIENTIST.

Monthly, $1.00 per year:. Exchanges
invited.

Single copy, 10 cents.

Charles Russell Orcutt, Editor and
Publisher.

LOWER Suet
(Continued from last issue.) :

visited by other than light showers, and
these at long intervals apart. On the
northeast side, about 3 miles from the
extreme north end, a low, sandy point
makes out; to the south of. this ‘there is
good anchorage during the _ prevailing
coast-winds. In a gulch near by is a
small stream of fresh water, and like-
wise in several of the valleys leading
from the shore to the southward .water

may be found within a mile or two of

the beach. At one of these places it is
of excellent quality. The only practical
place, however, for a vessel to obtain a
supply, is on the southeast side, where
is found a spring running. through rush-
es at the foot of a high peak close to
the shore. * * * Anchorage may be
had off this spring within two cables, of
the shore in 20 fathoms water, but a
much better place for a large vessel to
lie is two miles farther south off a low
shingle beach, where. it is not so deep,
and the gusts that come down the
mountain when the wind is west are
not so heavy as at the other anchorage.

A vessel can always. find shelter from
the northwest winds on the south side of
the island, the depth varying from 6 to

20 fathoms, and these winds blow with
the regularity of a trade: from:-May to
October, and the only precaution to be
kept in mind in choosing an anchorage,
is to avoid fixed kelp.
light and the weather -delightful. Occa-
sionally a strong norther, or a
southeaster or southwest gale blows the
first part of the winter, and strong gales
from the northwest again set in about
the first of May.”

Dr. John A. Veatch has reported find-

From October to_!}
May, much of the time’ the winds are ;:

light.

San Diego, California

ing in a few days 114 species of marine
Shells on this island, and a list of its
fauna and flora and mineral resources
would alone form a small volume. Ed-
‘ward Lee Greene has published a con-
siderable list of its flora, otherwise chief-
ly known by the collections of Dr.
Veatch, made in 1859, during a _ stay
through the months of June July and
apeust:

is CRESCIENTE: a small island north-
ai of Santa Margarita Island, 2 or 3
miles:from the mainland.

i“CENISAS: a ‘small island near San
Quentin bay, 2 or 3 miles in length. -

(n4

SISLANDS OF THE GULF OF CALI-
; - FORNIA.

“oni a, few of these are known to us,
éven by name, which must be our ex-
cuse for the brief notes accompanying
the following list.

CERALBO: 100 miles north of Cape
San Lucas, some i2 miles long, also
known as “White Hills’ to the early
American explorers. Stated to contain
copper mines of great value.
©ESPIRITU SANTO: at the mouth of
La’ Paz bay, 6 miles long, containing rich
eopper deposits.

“= SAN JUAN NEPOCENO: a small is-
land in: Pichilingue bay, near La Paz.
“SAN FRANCISCO: small.

‘: SAN JOSE: 12 miles long.

»> SANTA CATALINA: about 10 miles in
circumference:
“MONTSERRAT:
Santa Catalina.

CARMEN: ncted for its most peculiar
and most accessible salt-mine, the rich-
est in the world and considered inex<
haustible. It is about 25 miles long by
6 broad, within a few hours’ sail of the
old town of Loretto.

-CORONADOS: a ‘few miles in extent,
some 6 miles from Carmen Island.

SAN IDELFONSO: 30 miles from Car-

men
ISABEL:

five or six miles of

- SANTA. at the mouth of
‘Moleje bay, only a few miles in extent.
Hagens 30 miles: north of Moleje

EL ORTUGAS: within sight of Guaymas,
Son. An extinet volcano is ascribed to

this island.
TRINIDAD: 20 miles in circumference.