Report #19
Where ArtiStS LiVe 1980 National Endowment
for the Arts
Research Division
March 1987
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2012 with funding from
LYRASIS Members and Sloan Foundation
http://archive.org/details/whereartistsliveOOnati
Where Artists Live 1980
National Endowment for the Arts, Washington, D.C.
The sources used for the statistics in
this report were: 1. U.S. Bureau of the
Census, Supplementary Report, Detailed
Occupation of the Experienced Civilian La-
bor Force by Sex for the U.S. and Regions:
1980 and 1970, Washington, D.C.: GPO,
19 84. 2. U.S. Bureau of the Census,
Characteristics of the Population: De-
tailed Population Characteristics, 1980,
Vols. 1N-52, Washington, D.C.: 1984.
3. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Equal Em-
ployment Opportunity Special File, Machine
Readable Data File, 1980. Prepared by the
Data User Services Division, U.S. Bureau
of the Census, Washington, D.C.: 1982.
This report is produced by the Publishing
Center for Cultural Resources as part of a
pilot project supported by the National En-
dowment for the Arts demonstrating economy
and efficiency in nonprofit publishing.
The Publishing Center's planning, production,
and distribution services are available to
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Where artists live, 1980.
(Research Division report ; 19)
1. Artists — United States. 2. Arts Surveys — United
States. I. National Endowment for the Arts. II. Series:
Research Division report (National Endowment for the Arts.
Research Division) ; 19.
NX503.W54 1986 305 '. 9 7 ' 009 73 86-12630
ISBN 0-39062-209-4 (pbk.)
Manufactured in the United States of America
CONTENTS
PREFACE / 4
TABLES, MAPS, AND FIGURES / 5
NATIONAL TRENDS / 7
Regional change / 9
Migration / 10
CHANGE IN ARTIST OCCUPATIONS / 11
STATE-BY-STATE SUMMARY / 35
ARTISTS IN CITIES / 41
APPENDIX / 45
Artist population of states and major cities 1980 / 45
REPORTS IN THE NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS RESEARCH DIVISION SERIES / 72
PREFACE
with small numbers of persons such as
actors and dancers.
This report examines information on the
number and location of the nation's
artists as reported in the 1980 Census of
Population and provides comparisons with
the 1970 Census. The decennial census of-
fers unique opportunities for examining
the artist population. The sample from
which the census figures are developed is
sufficiently large to reflect the artist
population of small geographic areas and
detailed characteristics of the artist pop-
ulation at large. Moreover, census infor-
mation relating to artist occupations can
be directly compared to that for other
occupations.
Like Research Division Report #5, Where
Artists Live; 1970, this report focuses
on the size and location of the artist
population, but there are two major dif-
ferences in the data in the two reports.
First, there was a revision in the occupa-
tional classification system between
censuses. (The effect of this change is
summarized in Research Division Note #7,
"Artist Employment in 1983: Revised Classi-
fication System Now in Use," March 15,
1984; and a more detailed discussion of
how it affects the data for each of the
artist occupation groups may be found in
Tom Bradshaw, "An Examination of the
Comparability of 1970 and 1980 Census Sta-
tistics on Artists," The Economics of
Cultural Industries, Proceedings of the
Third International Conference on Cultural
Economics and Planning, April 25-28, 1984.
Vol. 1. Akron, OH: Association for Cul-
tural Economics, University of Akron,
1984.) To facilitate comparisons of 1980
occupational statistics with those of
1970, the Bureau of the Census adjusted
the 1970 data to conform to the 1980
codes. The process involved coding a sam-
ple of 120,000 questionnaires according to
both systems and calculating adjustment
factors for each occupation. The 1970 ad-
justed estimates are used in this report.
The second difference was that Report #5
used data for employed artists whereas
this report deals with the artist labor
force, which includes unemployed as well
as employed artists. The labor force esti-
mates were chosen because unemployment
tends to be high in several artist occupa-
tions, especially in the performing arts.
Exclusion of the unemployed would serious-
ly understate the number of individuals
actively pursuing careers in these occupa-
tions in 1980. Combining the employed and
the unemployed provides the sample size
needed to report detailed geographic infor-
mation, especially for the occupations
Both the Research Division Reports of
1970 and 19 80 use a normalizing tech-
nique to compare occupation levels of
states with widely divergent population
counts. One would expect a state like
California to have more individuals in al-
most every occupation than would be found
in relatively small population states.
To determine whether California has a rel-
atively high concentration in a partic-
ular artist occupation, the number of Cal-
ifornians in that occupation is divided
by the total California labor force and
the result, in turn, is divided by the
national ratio for that occupation. This
technique produces a ratio that compares
California to the whole country for the
occupation. The same computation is made
for every artist occupation in each state
to obtain concentration ratios that can
be compared from state to state and per-
mit each state to be compared with the
country as a whole. When the 1980 concen-
tration ratio is 1.00, the proportion of
artists in the state labor force is iden-
tical to the national proportion.
The census provides cross-sectional and
not longitudinal data for the two peri-
ods, so we are unable to trace the paths
of artists from 1970 to 1980. Collective
movement is another matter; net migration
is measured by the census, and that
source of regional growth is discussed in
this report. It is not possible, how-
ever, to distinguish and separately
measure the extent to which occupational
increase is due to new entrants (persons
entering the labor force for the first
time) , reentrants (persons who had previ-
ously worked in the occupation and
returned after a period away from it), or
transfers from other occupations. Nor is
it possible to measure the extent to
which people left artist occupations be-
tween 1970 and 1980 and did not return.
The difference between. the levels of 1970
and 1980 is net growth as a result of oc-
cupation entrances and exits and migra-
tion. For simplicity, this is referred
to in the report as increase or change
over the decade (and is most often
expressed as a percentage).
Research Division
National Endowment for the Arts
March 19 8 7
TABLES
1 Number of persons in artist occupations 19 70 and 19 80 / 6
2 Distribution of artist labor force by occupation 1970 and 1980 / 7
3 Urban and rural location of artists 1980 / 41
MAPS
A Regional change in artist occupations compared to total labor force 1970-80 /
B Migration of artists 1975-80 / 10
FIGURES SHOWING DISTRIBUTION, CONCENTRATION, AND CHANGE
I All artists / 13
II Actors and directors / 15
III Announcers / 17
IV Architects / 19
V Authors / 21
VI Dancers / 23
VII Designers / 25
VIII Musicians and composers / 27
IX Painters, sculptors, craft artists, and artist printmakers / 29
X Photographers / 31
XI Teachers of art, drama, and music (higher education) / 33
XII Artists not elsewhere classified / 34
Table 1
Number of persons in artist occupations
1970 and 1980
^H
Occupation
1970
19 80
Percent
change
Architects
53,670
107,693
+100.7
Announcers
25,942
46,986
+
81.1
Dancers
7,404
13, 194
+
78.2
Painters . . .
86, 849
153, 162
+
76.4
Actors/directors
40,201
67, 180
+
67.1
Authors
27, 752
45, 748
+
64.8
Designers
232, 890
338, 374
+
45.3
Musicians/composers
99,533
140,556
+
41.2
Photographers
67,588
94, 762
+
40.2
Artists n.e.c.
53, 131
49,653
-
6.5
Teachers (higher ed)
42,000
28, 385
-
32.4
All artists
736,960
1,
,085,693
+
47.3
Professional specialty-
occupations
8, 800,210
12,
,275, 140
+
39.5
Total U.S. labor force
79, 801,605
104.
,057,985
+
30.4
NATIONAL TRENDS
In 1980 there were 1,085,693 people in the
United States in artist occupations. This
figure includes persons 16 years of age
and over in the civilian labor force who
were classified in the 19 80 census as:
Actors and directors
Announcers
Architects
Authors
Dancers
Designers
Musicians and composers
Painters, sculptors, craft artists,
and artist printmakers
Photographers
Teachers of art, drama, and music
(higher education)
Artists, performers, and related
workers (not elsewhere classified)
These occupations increased at a rapid
rate during the 1970-80 decade — collec-
tively more than 47 percent. This is sub-
stantial when compared to the total U.S.
civilian labor force increase of 30 per-
cent during the same period, and it sur-
passes the 40 percent increase for all
specialty occupations including doctors,
lawyers, engineers, and scientists.
Architects increased more than those work-
ing in any other artist occupation, doub-
ling in size so that there were 107,693
architects in the United States in 1980.
The number of announcers, dancers, and vis-
ual artists also increased substantially.
In 1980 there were 81 percent more announc-
ers (21,000 more people) than had worked
in the field a decade before. Dancers in-
creased by 78 percent (nearly 5,800 more
people) and painters, sculptors, craft
artists, and artist printmakers by 76 per-
cent (over 66,000 more people). Actors/
directors, authors, designers, musicians/
composers, and photographers also exper-
ienced increases greater than the average
for the U.S. labor force and the profes-
sional specialty occupations, with rates
ranging from 40 percent for photographers
to 67 percent for actors/directors.
While artists were generally increasing in
numbers, those who teach art, drama, and
music in higher education showed a decline
between 1970 and 1980. Approximately
42,000 art, drama, and music teachers in
colleges and universities were reported by
the census for 1970 compared to 28,385 for
1980. This decline, however, may be at-
tributable to the fact that substantially
fewer teachers specified their subject area
in the 1980 census than in the 1970 census
(29 percent of teachers in higher education
specified their discipline on their census
forms in 1980 vs. 67 percent in 1970) .
Designers continued to be the largest
artist occupation in 1980 with over
338,000 members. Designers made up near-
ly one-third of the total artist labor
force in both 1970 and 1980. The archi-
tect occupation had the greatest percent-
age change in numbers during the 1970s
decade. Architects represented 7.3 per-
cent of the artist labor force in 1970,
increasing to 10 percent by 1980. Paint-
ers, sculptors, craft artists, and artist
printmakers substantially increased their
share of the artist labor force, com-
prising 14.1 percent of the artist labor
force in 1980 compared to 11.8 percent in
1970. By 1980, painters, sculptors,
craft artists, and artist printmakers
moved ahead of the musician/composer occu-
pation and became the second largest
artist occupation in the U.S. Actors/
directors, announcers, authors, and danc-
ers also increased their share of the
artist labor force between 1970 and 1980.
The dancer occupation had the third great-
est increase, 78 percent from 1970 to 1980.
However, this occupation has fewer members
than any other artist occupation, repre-
senting approximately 1 percent of the
artist labor force in both time periods.
Table 2
Distribution of artist labor force
by occupation 1970 and 1980
Occupation
1970
1980
Designers
31.6%
31.2%
Painters . . .
11.8%
14.1%
Musicians/composers
13.5%
13.0%
Architects
7.3%
9.9%
Photographers
9.2%
8. 7%
Ac tors /directors
5.4%
6.2%
Artists n.e.c.
7.2%
4.6%
Announcers
3.5%
4.3%
Authors
3.8%
4.2%
Teachers (higher ed)
5.7%
2.6%
Dancers
1.0%
1.2%
All artists
100.0%
100.0%
Map A
Regional change in artist occupations compared to total labor force 1970-80
72%
64%
Artists
Total
labor
force
42%
29%
14%
West*
North Central
South
Northeast
*includes Alaska and Hawaii
Regional change
In all four major regions of the country —
Northeast, North Central, South, and West
— artist population increases outpaced
that of the civilian labor force in the
region.
The Western region led the nation with its
numbers qf artists increasing by 72 per-
cent between 1970 and 1980. This was
considerably higher than the increase in
the total civilian labor force or the pro-
fessional specialty occupations in the
West — both of which increased by 49 per-
cent during the same period. Four of the
artist occupations more than doubled in
the West between 1970 and 1980, including
architects (148 percent increase), authors
(127 percent), painters and other visual
artists (126 percent), and actors and
directors (116 percent). The West led the
other regions in increases in these four
occupations, as well as among musicians/
composers, who increased in the region by
55 percent during the decade. Overall,
the West counted 279,951 professional
artists in its population in 1980, with
nearly two-thirds living in the state of
California.
Of all the regions, the West had the high-
est concentration ratio of artists — the
proportion of artists relative to the
total labor force of the region — 1.32.
Approximately one out of every 73 workers
in the West is in an artist occupation.
The Northeast and North Central regions
had more moderate percent changes between
1970 and 1980. Artist populations in-
creased by about 30 percent in each re-
gion. During the same period, the total
civilian labor force increased by only 14
percent in the Northeast and by 22 per-
cent in the North Central region. The
percentage of increase among all profes-
sional speciality occupations was similar
to artists' — 27 percent for the Northeast
region and 31 percent for the North Cen-
tral region. Although all of the artist
occupations experienced their greatest in-
creases in the South or West, some occu-
pations made impressive gains in the North
Central and Northeast as well. Dancers
more than doubled (111 percent), actors
increased by 67 percent, and authors by
53 percent, in the Northeast between 1970
and 1980. In the North Central region,
the announcer occupation increased by 84
percent. The Northeast region had the
second greatest number of artists in
1980 — a total of 282,165, with half resid-
ing in New York State. The North Central
region had fewest artists with a total of
229,838. The Northeast region, like the
West, also had a concentration of artists
in its work force that was greater than
the national average — 1.18. The North
Central region had the lowest proportion
of artists in its labor force of all the
regions — .80, or 20 percent below the
national average.
The South also experienced a large change
in their artist population, increasing by
64 percent over the decade. Their total
civilian labor force also expanded great-
ly during the decade, increasing by 41
percent, and their professional specialty
occupations grew by 53 percent. Dancers
showed a higher percentage increase in
the South than in any other region,
changing by 137 percent between 1970 and
1980. Announcers nearly doubled their
number in the South. Designers (71 per-
cent increase) and photographers (58
percent) also had greater percentage in-
creases in the South than in any other
region. The South was second to the West
in increasing its share of architects,
with 126 percent more architects in 1980
than in 1970. Other artist occupations
that did well in the South were painters.
(113 percent increase) and musicians/
composers (53 percent) . The South had
more artists overall than any other
region — 293,739, with over one-fifth in
the state of Texas. However, the South ' s
proportion of artists among its total
labor force compared to the U.S. average
was only .84 or 16 percent below the U.S.
average.
Migration of artists 1975-80
4
4
8,400
7,500
4
2,500
Note: The West includes Alaska and Hawaii.
Migration
The Northeast and North Central regions
have lost out in the interregional migra-
tion exchange with the South and West re-
gions of the United States for the past
two decades. Artists have followed this
trend.
During the 1975
tracted a net i
by migration,
crease of 13 , 10
east lost about
North Central r
net of 15,900 a
Map B shows the
tion flows for
regions between
this five-year
100,000, moved
try to another,
slightly higher
-80 period, the West at-
ncrease of 18,400 artists
The South had a net in-
0 artists, while the North-
the same number. The
egion lost the most, with a
rtists moving elsewhere.
direction of net migra-
artists among the four U.S.
1975 and 1980. During
period, 9 percent, or about
from one region of the coun-
The migration rate is
than it was a decade ear-
lier, when 8 percent of artists moved
interregional ly.
Migration has an impact on the distribu-
tion of artists across the regions but
overall growth in the artist population is
due primarily to new labor force entries
and to occupational change. In the West,
artists who moved into the region between
1975 and 1980 accounted for about 6 per-
cent of Western artists in 1980. In the
South, migrants from other regions made up
about 4 percent of the South' s artist popu-
lation in 1980. The Northeast lost about
5 percent and the North Central region
lost about 7 percent of their artists to
migration. Migration into and out of the
United States netted this country only
2,500 additional artists between 1975 and
1980. In total, about 22,500 artists who
were either immigrants or American artists
living abroad came to this country, while
about 20,000 artists left the country.
10
CHANGE IN ARTIST OCCUPATIONS
The large increase in the number of artists
in the nation varied by artist occupation
and by state. This change between 1970
and 19 80 is summarized on the following
pages for all artists, actors/directors,
announcers, architects, authors, dancers,
designers, musicians/composers, painters...,
photographers, teachers (higher ed) , and
artists not elsewhere classified.
11
100,000 or more
Km 25,000-99,999
| 1 10,000-24,999
0-10,000
Number of all artists 1980
1.56%
(highest in the nation)
.54%
(lowest in the nation)
f."' ' 1 1.30% or more
I 1 .79% to 1.29%
I 1 .78% or less
Concentration ratio of all artists 19 80
Figure
All artists
Comparison of 1980 and 19 70 state
distribution of all artists.
"All artists" as used in this report re-
fers to the sum of the eleven individual
artist occupations that are dealt with
separately. One or several of the eleven
separate occupations may be subtracted
from the "all artists" grouping to pro-
vide information about special sub-
groupings.
1980
Number
Concen-
1970
Number
Concen-
of
tration
of
tration
State
Rank
artists
ratio t
Rank
artists
ratio t
California
1
176,321
1.49
1
108,437
1.48
New ¥ork
2
138,424
1.66
2
107,916
1.58
Texas
3
61,802
.90
5
34,969
.88
Illinois
4
50,467
.89
3
4.1,211
.97
Florida
5
48,302
1.10
9
24,960
1.07
Pennsylvania
6
43,363
.78
4
35,137
.81
Ohio
7
39,768
.77
6
32,378
.83
Michigan
8
36,888
.84
7
29,660
.93
New Jersey
9
36,510
1.00
8
28,686
1.05
Massachusetts
10
32,223
1.10
10
23,499
1.07
Virginia
11
24,775
.96
12
15,253
.94
Washington
12
22,974
1.14
19
12,553
1.02
Maryland
13
20,990
.98
11
17,135
1.17
North Carolina
14
20,561
.72
18
12,640
.67
Georgia
15
20,330
.79
20
11,776
.71
Minnesota
16
19,512
.94
16
12,967
.92
Missouri
17
18,951
.81
13
14,199
.84
Wisconsin
18
18,429
.78
15
13,320
.82
Colorado
19
17,930
1.20
22
8,838
1.11
Tennessee
20
17,714
.82
21
10,607
.76
Indiana
21
17,439
.65
17
12,941
.67
Connecticut
22
17,211
1.07
14
13,404
1.12
Arizona
23
14,023
1.14
30
6,597
1.12
Oregon
24
13,157
1.02
26
6,978
.91
Louisiana
25
12,825
.71
23
8,019
.71
Alabama
26
11,779
.69
24
7,965
.69
Kentucky
27
10,446
.66
29
6,863
.65
Oklahoma
28
10,308
.74
28
6,884
.77
South Carolina
29
9,526
.65
31
5,209
.57
Iowa
30
9,395
.66
27
6,917
.67
Kansas
31
9,377
.80
25
7,031
.86
Hawaii
32
6,753
1.49
34
3,667
1.35
Nevada
33
6,507
1.48
40
3,078
1.60
New Mexico
34
6,505
1.14
36
3,553
1.13
Mississippi
35
6,155
.59
33
3,826
.55
Utah
36
5,858
.91
35
3,659
1.00
Nebraska
37
5,666
.73
32
4,068
.75
Arkansas
38
5,468
.56
37
3,344
.53
Rhode Island
39
4,527
.95
38
3,124
.87
West Virginia
40
4,223
.54
39
3,091
.58
Maine
41
3,790
.73
42
2,171
.62
New Hampshire
42
3,751
.79
41
2,474
.88
Idaho
43
3,207
.74
44
1,844
.74
Montana
44
2,966
.80
43
1,857
.77
Vermont
45
2,366
.94
46
1,600
.99
Delaware
46
2,288
.78
45
1,681
.83
Alaska
47
2,148
1.13
50
710
.79
South Dakota
48
1,974
.61
47
1,435
.63
North Dakota
49
1,972
.66
48
1,155
.59
Wyoming
50
1,602
.68
49
844
.71
California was the state with the largest
number of artists in 1980 with 176,321
artists — as well as in 1970 with 108,437.
New York ranked second in both years
with 138,424 artists in 1980 and 107,916
in 1970. The New York concentration
ratio for all artists increased more than
that of California during the decade.
No state had fewer than 1,000 artists in
1980, while in 1970 there were only 844
in Wyoming and 710 in Alaska. Wyoming
had the smallest artist population
(1,602) in 1980.
Thirteen states had concentration ratios
greater than the national proportion of
all artists in both 1980 and 1970. In
each census one state had a concentration
ratio exactly the same as the national
proportion — New Jersey in 1980 and Utah
in 1970. In both states, the concentration
ratio was lower in 19 80 than in 1970 — New
Jersey dropped from 1.05 to 1.00 and Utah
from 1.00 to .91.
t Concentration ratio: Proportion of all artists in state
labor force compared with national proportion. A ratio of
1.00 would mean that state concentration was identical to
the national average.
13
20,751
0
a" °?o
>r\
O
3,000 or more
I I 1,000-2,999
I I 500-999
I I 499 or less
Number of actors/directors 19 80
2.95%
highest in the nation)
I I 1.30* or more
I I .79% to 1.29%
I I .78% or less
in the nation)
Concentration ratio of actors/directors 1980
Figure II
Actors and directors
Comparison of 1980 and 1970 state
distribution of actors/directors.
1980
Number
Concen-
1970
Number
Concen-
of
tration
of
E
tration
State
Rank
artists
ratio t
Rank
artists
ratio t
California
1
20,
,751
2.83
1
8
,966
2
.23
New York
2
15,
,180
2.95
2
7
,800
2
.09
Texas
3
2
,445
.58
4
1
,569
.73
Illinois
4
2
,271
.65
3
1
,804
.78
Florida
5
2
,103
.78
8
1
,158
.91
New Jersey
6
1
,785
.79
5
1
,448
.97
Pennsylvania
7
1
,461
.42
6
1
,327
.56
Massachusetts
8
1
,377
.76
9
1
,012
.84
Virginia
9
1
,300
.82
12
658
.74
Ohio
10
1
,275
.40
7
1
,262
.59
Michigan
11
1
,217
.45
10
991
.57
Maryland
12
1
,024
.77
11
871
1
.09
Washington
13
933
.75
18
546
.81
Georgia
14
889
.56
14
608
.67
Connecticut
15
832
.83
13
632
.97
Minnesota
16
779
.61
16
567
.74
North Carolina
17
712
.40
19
552
.53
Missouri
18
695
.48
15
590
.64
Colorado
19
688
.75
23
404
.93
Indiana
20
645
.39
17
549
.52
Wisconsin
21
640
.44
20
494
.55
Arizona
22
609
.80
30
332
1
.03
Tennessee
23
548
.41
21
487
.63
Oregon
24
529
.66
24
382
.91
Iowa
25
495
.56
26
374
.66
Louisiana
26
488
.44
22
445
.73
Kentucky
27
409
.42
29
334
.58
Kansas
28
367
.51
28
336
.75
Oklahoma
29
350
.41
25
378
.78
South Carolina
30
340
.38
31
253
.51
Nevada
31
301
1.10
36
176
1
.68
Alabama
32
290
.28
27
372
.59
Nebraska
33
281
.59
32
242
.81
Utah
34
261
.65
39
160
.80
Hawaii
35
258
.92
38
162
1
.09
New Mexico
36
255
.72
37
171
1
.00
Arkansas
37
238
.39
33
214
.62
Mississippi
38
208
.32
34
195
.51
Rhode Island
39
197
.67
40
133
.68
West Virginia
40
189
.39
35
185
.64
South Dakota
41
165
.82
45
92
.73
Montana
42
162
.70
44
103
.79
Idaho
43
159
.59
42
111
.81
Alaska
44
149
1.27
50
41
.83
Maine
45
148
.46
41
111
.58
North Dakota
46
113
.61
46
81
.75
Vermont
47
94
.60
47
69
.78
Delaware
48
85
.47
49
49
.44
New Hampshire
49
50
.17
43
105
.68
Wyoming
50
42
.29
48
68
1
.04
There was a 67 percent increase in the
number of actors/directors in the United
States between 1970 and 1980. This was
20 percent greater than the average
increase for all artists combined. There
were 67,180 actors/directors in 1980,
compared to 40,201 in 1970. The Western
region more than doubled its number of
actors/directors while growth was smallest
in the North Central region. California
had the largest number of actors/directors
in both 1970 and 1980 — 8,966 and 20,751
respectively.
In 1980 as in 1970 actors/directors con-
tinued to be heavily concentrated in New
York and California. In fact, the propor-
tion of actors/directors in these two
states increased from 41.7 percent to
53.5 percent over the decade. In 1980,
California had 30.9 percent of all
actors/directors and New York had 22.6
percent.
The conce
tors was
— both in
centratio
than Cali
than Cali
Calif orni
times the
actors/di
ntration ratios
also highest in
1970 and 1980.
n increased more
fornia's and was
fornia's in 1980
a and New York h
national concen
rectors in their
for actors
these two
New York'
over the
slightly
By 1980
ad nearly
tration of
labor for
/direc-
states
s con-
decade
higher
both
three
ces.
t Concentration ratio: Proportion of actors/directors in
state labor force compared with national proportion. A ratio
of 1.00 would mean that state concentration was identical
to the national average.
15
f } 2,500 or more
f-^l 1,000-2,499
I I 500-999
499 or less
Number of announcers 19 80
.39%
(lowest in the nation)
m 1.3 0% or more
| 1 .79% to 1.29%
.78% or less
Concentration ratio of announcers 1980
Figure
Announcers
Comparison of 1980 and 19 70 state
distribution of announcers.
I960
Number
Concen-
1970
Number
Concen-
of
tration
of
tration
State
Rank
artists
ratio t
Rank
artists
ratio t
California
1
3
,986
.78
1
2,415
.93
Texas
2
3,
,267
1.10
3
1,502
1.08
New York
3
2
,690
.75
2
1,966
.82
Florida
4
2
,293
1.21
5
1,099
1.34
Ohio
5
1
,843
.83
7
1,021
.74
Illinois
6
1
,817
.74
6
1,049
.70
Pennsylvania
7
1
,793
.74
4
1,287
.84
Michigan
8
1
,661
.88
8
913
.82
North Carolina
9
1,
,551
1.25
9
856
1.29
Virginia
10
1
,425
1.28
11
684
1.19
Georgia
11
1
,236
1.11
10
734
1.25
Tennessee
12
1
,174
1.26
12
658
1.33
Alabama
13
1,
,174
1.60
19
513
1.27
Wisconsin
14
1
,136
1.12
13
606
1.05
Indiana
15
1
,101
.95
17
556
.82
Missouri
16
1
,085
1.07
14
578
.97
Louisiana
17
990
1.26
21
468
1.18
Washington
18
915
1.05
18
520
1.20
Minnesota
19
894
1.00
22
456
.92
Colorado
20
874
1.36
27
357
1.28
Kentucky
21
873
1.28
23
442
1.20
Massachusetts
22
846
.67
16
561
.72
Maryland
23
835
.90
15
576
1.12
Iowa
24
832
1.35
20
489
1.34
Oklahoma
25
823
1.36
30
320
1.02
South Carolina
26
777
1.23
29
339
1.06
Oregon
27
706
1.26
26
369
1.36
Kansas
28
706
1.40
28
356
1.24
Mississippi
29
679
1.50
25
390
1.59
Arizona
30
666
1.25
32
279
1.34
New Jersey
31
625
.39
24
395
.41
Arkansas
32
581
1.37
33
273
1.22
Connecticut
33
485
.69
31
291
.69
Nebraska
34
433
1.29
35
215
1.12
West Virginia
35
433
1.28
38
191
1.02
New Mexico
36
392
1.59
34
260
2.35
North Dakota
37
334
2.58
39
186
2.68
Montana
38
291
1.81
40
174
2.06
Utah
39
280
1.00
37
199
1.54
Idaho
40
280
1.49
41
160
1.82
Maine
41
279
1.25
36
203
1.64
South Dakota
42
260
1.85
42
145
1.80
Nevada
43
259
1.36
43
141
2.08
Hawaii
44
241
1.23
47
94
.98
Alaska
45
205
2.49
50
53
1.67
Wyoming
46
192
1.88
45
105
2.50
New Hampshire
47
180
.88
44
116
1.17
Rhode Island
48
174
.84
48
71
.56
Vermont
49
103
.94
46
96
1.69
Delaware
50
84
.67
49
70
.99
The number of announcers in the United
States grew by 81 percent between 1970
and 1980 — from 25,942 announcers in 1970
to 46,986 in 1980. The percentage of in-
crease was second only to that of archi-
tects, whose population doubled over the
decade. The number of announcers in-
creased in every state with the Southern
region having the highest increases.
Announcers is one of the most evenly dis-
tributed artist occupations. All states
had fewer than 4,000 announcers and only
Delaware had fewer than 100. California
had the most announcers in both 19 70 and
1980 — 2,415 and 3,986.
The states with the highest concentration
ratios for announcers in 1970 and 1980
were the ones with the least population
density. This indicates that there is
some minimal number of radio or tele-
vision stations (and thus announcers)
in relation to land area regardless of the
size of the state population or labor
force. North Dakota had the highest con-
centration ratio in 19 80 — about two and
one-half times the national concentration.
t Concentration ratio: Proportion of announcers in state
labor force compared with national proportion. A ratio of
1.00 would mean that state concentration was identical to
the national average.
17
9,000 or more
r"~~\ 5,000-8,999
| I 1,000-4,999
I I 999 or less
Number of architects 1980
.31%
(lowest in the nation)
| I 1.30% or more
I I .79% to 1.29%
I I .78% or less
Concentration ratio of architects 1980
Figure IV
Architects
Comparison of 1980 and 19 70 state
distribution of architects.
1980
Number
Concen-
1970
Number
Concen-
of
tration
inzr
f
tration
State
Rank
artists
ratio t
Rank
artists
ratio t
California
1
17,652
1.50
1
7
,710
1.44
New York
2
8,691
1.05
2
6
,151
1.24
Texas
3
7,775
1.15
. 4
3
,019
1.05
Illinois
4
5,583
.99
3
3
,262
1.06
Florida
5
5,302
1.22
9
1
,881
1.11
Pennsylvania
6
4,380
.79
5
2
,632
.83
Massachusetts
7
3,815
1.31
6
2
,278
1.42
Ohio
8
3,505
.69
7
2
,077
.73
Michigan
9
3,170
.73
8
1,
,910
.82
Washington
10
3,148
1.58
12
1
,494
1.66
New Jersey
11
3,057
.84
10
1,
,836
.92
Virginia
12
2,817
1.11
13
1,
,473
1.24
Colorado
13
2,741
1.85
21
745
1.29
Maryland
14
2,242
1.05
11
1,
,567
1.47
Georgia
15
2,193
.86
15
1,
,004
.83
Minnesota
16
1,982
.96
16
1
,003
.98
Missouri
17
1,945
.84
17
993
.80
North Carolina
18
1,909
.67
18
845
.61
Connecticut
19
1,827
1.14
14
1,
,369
1.57
Arizona
20
1,786
1.46
26
540
1.26
Oregon
21
1,753
1.37
20
747
1.33
Tennessee
22
1,581
.74
25
571
.56
Louisiana
23
1,533
.85
23
718
.88
Wisconsin
24
1,529
.66
22
732
.61
Indiana
25
1,313
.50
19
783
.55
Kansas
26
1,169
1.01
24
614
1.03
Alabama
27
1,145
.68
28
431
.52
South Carolina
28
1,115
.77
30
358
.54
Oklahoma
29
882
.64
27
506
.78
Hawaii
30
878
1.95
32
352
1.78
Iowa
31
796
.56
29
391
.52
Kentucky
32
776
.50
31
355
.46
Utah
33
686
1.07
35
266
.99
New Mexico
34
683
1.21
36
253
1.10
Nebraska
35
597
.78
33
340
.85
Idaho
36
491
1.14
42
121
.66
Arkansas
37
482
.50
37
218
.47
Mississippi
38
470
.45
34
267
.53
Nevada
39
390
.89
47
77
.55
Montana
40
373
1.01
44
113
.65
Maine
41
354
.69
45
105
.41
Alaska
42
335
1.78
46
87
1.32
Rhode Island
43
306
.65
38
212
.81
Vermont
44
298
1.19
40
158
1.35
New Hampshire
45
265
.57
39
160
.78
West Virginia
46
242
.31
43
116
.30
North Dakota
47
224
.75
49
63
.44
Wyoming
48
214
.92
48
68
.78
Delaware
49
192
.66
41
151
1.03
South Dakota
50
127
.39
50
55
.33
Of all the artist occupations, architects
had the largest percent increase between
1970 and 1980. There were twice as many
architects in 1980 as there were in 1970,
their number increasing from 53,670 to
107,693. This is three times the percent-
age growth of the United States labor
force in general. Most of the increase
in architects occurred in the Southern
and Western regions.
California had the largest number of
architects in both 1970 and 1980 — 7,710
and 17,652 respectively. New York had
the second largest number in both years,
6,151 in 1970 and 8,691 in 1980, but in
1980 it had less than half the architects
in California compared with 20 percent
less in 1970.
Hawaii had the highest concentration of
architects in its labor force relative to
the national average in both 1970 and
1980. Hawaii had nearly twice (1.95) the
national concentration of architects in
its labor force in 1980. Colorado had
the second highest concentration ratio
(1.85) in 1980. The state of Washington
had the second highest ratio in 1970
(1.66).
t Concentration ratio: Proportion of architects in state
labor force compared with national proportion. A ratio of
1.00 would mean that state concentration was identical to
the national average.
19
11,272
2,000 or more
r I 1,000-1,999
500-999
499 or less
Number of authors 19 80
2.67%
(highest in the nation)
1.30% or more
I I .79% to 1.29%
.78% or less
Concentration ratio of authors 19 80
Figure V
Authors
Comparison of 1980 and 1970 state
distribution of authors.
1980
Number
Concen-
1970
Number
Concen-
of
tration
of
tration
State
Rank
artists
ratio t
Rank
artists
ratio t
California
1
11
,272
2
.26
2
5,035
1
.82
New York
2
9
,361
2
.67
1
5,567
2
.16
Illinois
3
1
,701
.71
7
840
.53
Massachusetts
4
1
,525
1
.24
4
1,347
1.
.62
Texas
5
1
,487
.52
9
721
.48
New Jersey
6
1
,370
.89
8
839
.81
Florida
7
1
,352
.73
11
708
.81
Virginia
8
1
,320
1,
.22
6
914
1
.49
Pennsylvania
9
1
,237
.53
10
710
.43
Colorado
10
882
1
.40
21
318
1,
.06
Connecticut
11
873
1
.28
5
1,058
2
.35
Maryland
12
864
.95
3
1,401
2.
.54
Washington
13
852
1.
.00
18
448
.97
Ohio
14
797
.37
12
660
.45
Michigan
15
757
.41
13
624
.52
Wisconsin
16
656
.66
17
453
.74
Minnesota
17
632
.72
14
608
1
.15
Georgia
18
605
.56
24
243
.39
Missouri
19
590
.60
16
462
.72
Oregon
20
566
1
.04
27
191
.66
North Carolina
21
513
.42
15
511
.72
Arizona
22
498
.96
20
336
1
.51
South Carolina
23
338
.55
36
77
.22
New Mexico
24
335
1
.40
29
144
1
.22
Indiana
25
333
.30
19
338
.46
Louisiana
26
324
.42
39
73
.17
Oklahoma
27
293
.50
23
289
.86
Tennessee
28
286
.32
31
133
.25
Nevada
29
255
1
.37
43
47
.65
Maine
30
253
1
.16
41
58
.44
Kansas
31
252
.51
25
235
.76
Iowa
32
236
.39
26
211
.54
Hawaii
33
233
1
.22
33
90
.88
New Hampshire
34
209
1
.05
32
124
1
.17
Utah
35
208
.77
30
140
1
.01
Kentucky
36
169
.25
35
85
.21
Rhode Island
37
166
.83
38
76
.56
Montana
38
157
1
.00
46
17
.19
Idaho
39
126
.69
42
48
.51
Alaska
40
121
1
.51
45
26
.76
Alabama
41
117
.16
22
299
.69
Nebraska
42
117
.36
37
77
.37
South Dakota
43
100
.73
49
*
*
Vermont
44
93
.88
34
86
1
.42
Arkansas
45
88
.21
44
38
.16
Mississippi
46
82
.19
28
168
.64
Delaware
47
74
.60
40
65
.85
West Virginia
48
58
.18
47
12
.06
Wyoming
49
53
.53
50
*
*
North Dakota
50
18
.14
48
10
.13
There were 45,748 authors counted in 1980,
an increase of 65 percent since 1970.
This is a greater increase than the
average for all artists, and considerably
greater than the growth for the U.S.
labor force in general.
Authors made their greatest gains in the
West, California replacing New York as
the state with the largest number of
authors. There were 11,272 authors in
California in 1980 compared to 9,361 in
the state of New York. The two states
combined had 45.1 percent of the nation's
authors in 1980 and 38.2 percent in 1970.
New York had the highest concentration ra-
tio (2.67) in 1980 and third highest in
1970. California had the second highest
concentration ratio in 1980 and fourth
highest in 1970. Maryland and Connecti-
cut, which had the highest concentration
ratios for authors in 1970, experienced a
substantial drop in the number of authors
in 1980. The decline may reflect, in
part, the introduction of the "technical
writer" category into the 1980 Census
classification system. The number of
technical writers increased 677 percent
in Maryland and 57 3 percent in Connecti-
cut over the decade. This means that
some of the respondents classified as
authors in the 1970 Census were classified
as technical writers in the 19 80 Census.
It also means that the author category in
19 80 more nearly approaches a category
of creative writers of literary genre
(e.g., lyricists, playwrights, poets, and
novelists) .
In the rankings at left an asterisk (*)
is used to represent numbers that are too
low to be meaningful (fewer than ten
artists) and the concentration ratios
derived from them.
t Concentration ratio: Proportion of authors in state labor
force compared with national proportion. A ratio of 1.00
would mean that state concentration was identical to the
national average.
21
I~~] 1,000 or more
CI 500-999
I I 100-499
I I 99 or less
Number of dancers 19 80
10.64
(highest in the nation
1.30% or more
I 1 .79% to 1.29%
78% or less
Concentration ratio of dancers 19 80
Figure VI
Dancers
Comparison of 1980 and 1970 state
distribution of dancers.
1980
Number
Concen-
1970
Number
Concen-
of
tration
of
tration
State
Rank
artists
ratio t
Rank
artists
ratio t
New York
1
2,600
2.57
2
1,281
1.86
California
2
2,279
1.59
1
1,836
2.48
Florida
3
818
1.54
8
254
1.08
Texas
4
713
.86
9
241
.60
Nevada
5
568
10.64
5
266
13.73
New Jersey
6
459
1.03
12
140
.51
Hawaii
7
441
8.03
6
262
9.59
Illinois
8
399
.58
7
257
.60
Ohio
9
383
.61
3
330
.84
Pennsylvania
10
304
.45
10
190
.43
Maryland
11
297
1.14
11
168
1.14
Indiana
12
288
.89
20
93
.48
Georgia
13
220
.70
16
104
.62
Massachusetts
14
218
.61
14
106
.48
Arizona
15
218
1.46
17
99
1.67
Washington
16
204
.83
13
130
1.05
Colorado
17
196
1.08
15
106
1.33
Kentucky
18
189
.99
23
76
.72
North Carolina
19
185
.53
27
58
.30
Wisconsin
20
172
.60
18
98
.60
Connecticut
21
165
.84
30
46
.38
Michigan
22
153
.29
*
309
.97
Tennessee
23
152
.58
47
*
*
Minnesota
24
149
.59
33
24
.17
Virginia
25
147
.47
22
81
.49
Louisiana
26
124
.56
19
97
.86
Oregon
27
118
.75
21
89
1.15
Iowa
28
103
.59
39
14
.13
Utah
29
87
1.11
25
63
1.70
Mississippi
30
82
.64
41
11
.16
Missouri
31
76
.27
26
59
.34
Alabama
32
74
.36
31
30
.26
Oklahoma
33
72
.43
29
56
.62
Alaska
34
63
2.74
32
31
3.41
Arkansas
35
58
.49
40
11
.17
West Virginia
36
47
.49
36
16
.30
South Carolina
37
43
.24
24
69
.75
Nebraska
38
43
.46
37
16
.29
Kansas
39
38
.27
28
57
.69
Montana
40
33
.73
49
*
*
Idaho
41
30
.57
35
17
.67
Delaware
42
30
.85
42
10
.49
New Mexico
43
27
.39
43
10
.32
Maine
44
19
.30
48
*
*
Rhode Island
45
13
.22
38
16
.44
Vermont
46
*
*
50
*
*
Wyoming
47
*
*
34
22
1.83
New Hampshire
48
*
*
44
*
*
North Dakota
49
*
*
45
*
*
South Dakota
50
*
*
46
*
*
Although increasing by 78 percent during
the 1970-80 decade, dancers remained the
smallest artist occupation population
with 13,194 members in 1980. This is the
only artist occupation with more people
in New York than California and with the
highest percent change in the Northeast
and South rather than the West.
There were 2,600 dancers in New York in
1980. New York overtook California's
1970 lead in the dance occupation during
the decade, a trend that is the opposite
of what has happened in the other artist
occupations. California had 2,279
dancers in 1980. All the other states
had fewer than 1,000 dancers, and more
than a third of the states had fewer than
100.
Nevada and Hawaii had the highest dancer
concentration ratios in both 1980 and
1970. Nevada had more than ten times the
national concentration and Hawaii eight
times. Both states have large entertain-
ment industries in which dancers play an
important role.
In the rankings at left an asterisk (*)
is used to represent numbers too low to
be meaningful (fewer than ten artists)
and the concentration ratios derived from
them.
t Concentration ratio: Proportion of dancers in state labor
force compared with national proportion. A ratio of 1.00
would mean that state concentration was identical to the
national average.
23
48,036
25,000 or more
F^"~1 8,000-24,999
I I 1,000-7,999
I I 999 or less
Number of designers 19 80
1.69%
(highest in the nation)
II 1.30% or more
79% to 1.29%
78% or less
Concentration ratio of designers 1980
Figure VII
Designers
Comparison of 1980 and 19 70 state
distribution of designers.
1980
Number
Concen-
1970
Number
Concen-
of
tration
of
tration
State
Rank
artists
ratio t
Rank
artists
ratio t
California
1
48,036
1
.30
2
31,127
1.34
New York
2
43,833
1
.69
1
37,236
1.72
Texas
3
20,581
.97
8
10,663
.85
Illinois
4
17,255
.98
3
13,616
1.02
Pennsylvania
5
14,981
.86
4
12,051
.88
Michigan
6
14,786
1
.08
6
11,428
1.14
Florida
7
14,102
1
.03
10
7,330
1.00
Ohio
8
13,949
.87
5
11,575
.94
New Jersey
9
13,728
1
.20
7
11,240
1.30
Massachusetts
10
10,089
1
.11
9
7,821
1.12
Virginia
11
7,588
.95
11
4,996
.97
North Carolina
12
7,472
.84
16
4,225
.71
Washington
13
6,733
1
.07
21
3,119
.80
Georgia
14
6,664
.83
18
3,772
.72
Indiana
15
6,287
.76
13
4,470
.73
Minnesota
16
6,083
.94
19
3,749
.84
Wisconsin
17
6,024
.82
17
3,981
.77
Maryland
18
5,750
.86
12
4,586
.99
Connecticut
19
5,744
1
.14
15
4,227
1.12
Missouri
20
5,720
.78
14
4,409
.82
Tennessee
21
4,929
.74
20
3,349
.76
Colorado
22
4,683
1
.01
23
2,415
.96
Alabama
23
4,256
.80
22
2,560
.71
Oregon
24
3,787
.94
31
1,609
.66
Arizona
25
3,756
.98
29
1,734
.93
Louisiana
26
3,656
.65
24
2,132
.60
Oklahoma
27
3,321
.76
30
1,727
.61
Kentucky
28
3,284
.67
25
2,104
.63
South Carolina
29
3,090
.68
28
1,874
.65
Iowa
30
2,995
.67
26
2,041
.62
Kansas
31
2,763
.76
27
1,889
.73
Mississippi
32
2,069
.63
33
1,158
.53
Arkansas
33
1,855
.61
37
953
.48
Rhode Island
34
1,841
1
.24
32
1,223
1.08
Utah
35
1,836
.91
35
1,066
.92
Nebraska
36
1,643
.68
34
1,073
.62
West Virginia
37
1,591
.65
36
1,036
.62
New Mexico
38
1,422
.80
40
83 8
.84
New Hampshire
39
1,357
.92
38
900
1.01
Hawaii
40
1,236
.88
39
879
1.03
Nevada
41
1,143
.83
43
478
.79
Maine
42
944
.59
41
601
.54
Delaware
43
799
.88
42
541
.85
Idaho
44
760
.56
45
459
.58
Vermont
45
627
.80
44
467
.92
Montana
46
565
.49
46
418
.55
North Dakota
47
447
.48
48
213
.34
Wyoming
48
442
.60
50
160
.42
South Dakota
49
386
.38
47
320
.44
Alaska
50
363
.61
49
172
.60
Designers constituted the largest of the
artist occupational groups with 338,374
people in 1980. Although their growth
was more moderate than the other artist
occupations, it was greater than that of
the United States labor force in general.
The 1970-80 increase was 45 percent,
with the West and South gaining the most.
Following the general
the West, designers ar
to live in California
which ranked first in
had 48,036 designers i
with New York's 43,833
quarter of all designe
two states. Other sta
more designers include
Pennsylvania, Michigan
New Jersey, and Massac
population shift to
e now more likely
than in New York,
1970. California
n 1980 compared
More than one
rs live in these
tes with 10,000 or
Texas, Illinois,
, Florida, Ohio,
husetts .
Although the number of designers in Cali-
fornia was greater than in New York in
1980, New York continues to have the high-
est concentration ratio — 1.69 vs. 1.30
for California. Furthermore, the third
highest concentration ratio for designers
in 1980 was that of Rhode Island (1.24).
t Concentration ratio: Proportion of designers in state
labor force compared with national proportion. A ratio
of 1.00 would mean that state concentration was identical
to the national average.
25
0
°° °?o
>r\
o
BHB 8,000 or more
t 1 5,000-7,999
I I 1,000-4,999
I | 999 or less
Number of musicians/composers 19 80
3.0
(highest in the natio
P 1 1.30% or more
I I .79% to 1.29%
.78% or less
Concentration ratio of musicians/composers 19 80
Figure VIII
Musicians and composers
Comparison of 1980 and 1970 state
distribution of musicians/composers.
1980
Number
Concen-
1970
Number
Concen-
of
tration
of
tration
State
Rank
artists
ratio t
Rank
artists
ratio t
California
1
22,919
1.50
1
14,752
1,
,49
New York
2
16,836
1.56
2
12,132
1.
.31
Texas
3
7,717
.87
3
5,445
1.
,02
Florida
4
7,713
1.36
7
4,328
1,
.38
Pennsylvania
5
5,892
.82
5
4,873
.83
Illinois
6
5,514
.75
4
5,120
.90
Ohio
7
5,424
.81
6
4,385
.83
Michigan
8
4,640
.82
8
3,847
.90
New Jersey
9
4,481
.95
9
3,354
.91
Massachusetts
10
4,257
1.12
10
2,504
.84
Tennessee
11
3,826
1.37
11
2,129
1.
.12
Washington
12
3,366
1.29
12
2,095
1
.26
Georgia
13
2,745
.82
19
1,569
.70
Minnesota
14
2,736
1.02
15
1,984
1
.04
North Carolina
15
2,652
.71
18
1,763
.69
Virginia
16
2,592
.78
20
1,477
.67
Maryland
17
2,589
.93
17
1,912
.97
Missouri
18
2,493
.82
14
1,988
.87
Wisconsin
19
2,414
.79
13
1,995
.90
Indiana
20
2,234
.65
16
1,934
.74
Colorado
21
2,014
1.04
22
1,338
1
.25
Louisiana
22
1,892
.81
21
1,429
.94
Nevada
23
1,750
3.07
25
1,090
4
.19
Arizona
24
1,747
1.09
30
1,033
1
.30
Connecticut
25
1,740
.83
24
1,162
.72
Kentucky
26
1,666
.82
26
1,085
.77
Oregon
27
1,621
.97
28
1,077
1
.03
Alabama
28
1,468
.67
23
1,307
.84
Oklahoma
29
1,314
.73
29
1,048
.87
South Carolina
30
1,131
.60
33
706
.57
Iowa
31
1,112
.60
31
978
.70
Hawa i i
32
1,097
1.87
34
620
1
.69
Kansas
33
904
.60
27
1,078
.98
Mississippi
34
899
.66
35
573
.61
Nebraska
35
768
.77
32
751
1
.02
Arkansas
36
728
.58
37
459
.54
New Mexico
37
693
.94
36
468
1
.10
Maine
38
548
.82
41
347
.73
West Virginia
39
521
.51
38
406
.57
Rhode Island
40
489
.79
40
351
.73
Utah
41
462
.55
44
234
.47
New Hampshire
42
426
.70
47
149
.39
Montana
43
330
.69
39
401
1
.24
Idaho
44
306
.55
42
339
1
.00
South Dakota
45
303
.72
43
316
1
.02
North Dakota
46
287
.74
46
186
.70
Vermont
47
262
.80
50
91
.42
Delaware
48
237
.63
45
207
.76
Alaska
49
213
.87
49
94
.77
Wyoming
50
78
.26
48
138
.86
The 140,556 musicians/composers in the
country had grown by 41 percent: over the
decade — moderate compared to artist
occupation as a whole. The growth was
spread evenly across the regions, and
California continued to have the largest
number of musicians and composers with
22,919 in 1980.
In addition to maintaining its position
as the state with the most musicians and
composers, California increased its lead
over the second-ranked state, New York.
While the musician/composer population in
New York increased by over 35 percent —
from 12,132 to 16,836 — California's
increased by 55 percent.
In terms of the concentration of musi-
cians/composers in the state labor force,
Nevada and Hawaii were first and second,
respectively, in both 1970 and 1980.
Nevada's concentration ratio was 3.07 in
1980 and Hawaii's was 1.87. As in the
case of dancers, the relative importance
of the entertainment industries in Nevada
and Hawaii results in the employment of a
large proportion of musicians in these
states' labor forces.
tConcentration ratio: Proportion of musicians/composers in
state labor force compared with national proportion. A ratio
of 1.00 would mean that state concentration was identical
to the national average.
27
24,657
9,000 or more
I I 5,000-8,999
I I 1,000-4,999
I I 999 or less
Number of painters... 1980
1.89%
(highest in the nation)
.32%
(lowest in the nation)
I I 1.30% or more
I I .79% to 1.29%
I I .78% or less
Concentration ratio of painters... 19 80
Figure IX
Painters, sculptors, craft artists,
and artist printmakers
Comparison of 19 80 and 1970 state
distribution of painters...
1980
Number
Concen-
1970
Number
Concen-
of
tration
of
tration
State
Rank
artists
ratio 1
Rank
artists
ratio t
California
1
24,657
1.48
2
12,507
1.
.44
New York
2
21,274
1.81
1
15,381
1.
,91
Texas
3
8,419
.87
7
3,560
.76
Illinois
4
7,382
.92
3
6,055
1.
.22
Pennsylvania
5
6,376
.81
4
4,359
.85
Florida
6
5,926
.96
10
2,607
.95
New Jersey
7
5,602
1.08
6
3,941
1,
.22
Ohio
8
5,373
.74
5
4,036
.88
Massachusetts
9
4,788
1.16
9
2,970
1,
.14
Michigan
10
4,699
.76
8
3,482
,93
Virginia
11
3,878
1.07
16
1,573
.82
Washington
12
3,620
1.27
18
1,315
.91
Maryland
13
3,575
1.18
11
2,003
1
.16
Minnesota
14
3,060
1.05
15
1,662
1
.00
Missouri
15
2,968
.90
12
1,874
.94
Connecticut
16
2,83 5
1.24
14
1,761
1.
.25
Colorado
17
2,805
1.33
20
1,022
1
.09
Wisconsin
18
2,760
.83
13
1,766
.92
Georgia
19
2,538
.70
17
1,334
.68
Arizona
20
2,284
1.31
26
707
1
.02
Indiana
21
2,212
.59
19
1,154
.51
Tennessee
22
2,138
.71
22
919
.56
North Carolina
23
1,987
.49
21
1,022
.46
Oregon
24
1,910
1.05
24
745
.82
New Mexico
25
1,514
1.89
32
425
1
.15
Oklahoma
26
1,448
.74
28
682
.65
Louisiana
27
1,357
.53
27
687
.52
Kansas
28
1,280
.78
23
792
.82 .
Alabama
29
1,213
.51
25
710
.52
Iowa
30
1,210
.60
29
562
.46
Hawa i i
31
1,101
1.72
36
337
1
.05
Kentucky
32
1,060
.48
30
. 538
.44
South Carolina
33
946
.46
35
371
.35
Utah
34
936
1.03
31
463
1
.07
Nebraska
35
73 7
.68
33
390
.61
New Hampshire
36
687
1.03
39
245
.74
Rhode Island
37
626
.93
34
378
.90
Maine
38
583
.80
41
197
.48
Mississippi
39
570
.39
42
195
.24
Montana
40
534
1.02
44
157
.56
Nevada
41
502
.81
45
151
.67
Vermont
42
500
1.41
40
215
1
.13
Arkansas
43
478
.35
38
270
.36
Idaho
44
370
.61
46
134
.45
Alaska
45
366
1.37
48
61
.57
West Virginia
46
355
.32
37
284
.45
Delaware
47
323
.79
43
193
.81
South Dakota
48
178
.39
47
78
.29
Wyoming
49
172
.52
49
55
.39
North Dakota
50
146
.35
50
49
.21
The number of painters, sculptors, craft
artists, and artist printmakers increased
by 76 percent during the 1970-80 decade.
As a result of this substantial increase,
they constituted the second largest art-
ist occupation in 1980 with 153,162
people.
California took the lead from New York in
the number of painters... in 1980 with
24,6 57 compared to New York's 21,274. In
terms of concentration ratio, however,
New York continues to have a substantially
higher concentration than California — 1.81
compared to 1.48. The state with the
highest concentration ratio of painters...
in 19 80 was New Mexico. New Mexico ex-
perienced a 256 percent increase in its
visual artist labor force over the decade
and had a concentration ratio of 1.89
in 1980.
t Concentration ratio: Proportion of painters... in state
labor force compared with national proportion. ^ A ratio of
1.00 would mean that state concentration was identical to
the national average.
29
0
'" °?«
>* ^
C7
6,000 or more
I I 2,000-5,999
1,000-1,999
999 or less
Number of photographers 19 80
.56%
(lowest in the nation)
1.30% or more
r I .79% to 1.29%
.78% or less
1.53%
(highest in the nation)
Concentration ratio of photographers 19 80
Figure X
Photographers
Comparison of 1980 and 19 70 state
distribution of photographers.
1980
Concen-
tration
1970
Concen-
tration
State
Rank
Number
ratio t
Rank
Number
ratio t
California
1
13,060
1.26
1
9,
,494
1.
.41
New York
2
10,539
1.45
2
8,
,775
1.
.40
Texas
3
5,582
.94
4
3,
,398
.94
Illinois
4
4,929
1.00
3
4,
,138
1
.07
Ohio
5
4,211
.94
6
3,
,003
.84
Florida
6
4,098
1.07
9
2,
,189
1
.03
Pennsylvania
7
3,859
.79
5
3,
,347
.84
Michigan
8
3,384
.89
7
2,
,575
.88
New Jersey
9
3,134
.98
8
2
,471
.98
Massachusetts
10
2,818
1.10
10
1,
,970
.98
Virginia
11
2,196
.98
12
1,
,465
.98
Maryland
12
2,097
1.12
11
1
,894
1
.41
Missouri
13
1,934
.94
13
1,
,455
.93
North Carolina
14
1,928
.77
20
1,
,057
.61
Tennessee
15
1,816
.97
21
997
.77
Washington
16
1,806
1.03
18
1
,123
.99
Minnesota
17
1,783
.99
15
1,
,363
1
.06
Georgia
18
1,678
.75
19
1,
,105
.72
Wisconsin
19
1,669
.81
16
1
,222
.82
Indiana
20
1,596
.69
14
1.
,388
.78
Colorado
21
1,556
1.20
22
905
1
.24
Connecticut
22
1,488
1.06
17
1
,182
1
.08
Louisiana
23
1,274
.81
23
814
.79
Oregon
24
1,203
1.07
27
706
1
.00
Arizona
25
1,184
1.10
30
529
.98
Alabama
26
1,120
.76
26
751
.71
Kentucky
27
1,054
.77
25
756
.79
Oklahoma
28
1,053
.86
24
814
1
.00
Kansas
29
975
.96
28
696
.93
South Carolina
30
936
.73
31
485
.58
Iowa
31
790
.63
29
570
.60
Nebraska
32
675
1.00
35
359
.72
Hawaii
33
603
1.53
36
324
1
.30
Utah
34
601
1.07
34
360
1
.07
Arkansas
35
581
.68
33
369
.64
Nevada
36
573
1.49
44
192
1
.09
New Mexico
37
554
1.12
32
452
1
.57
Mississippi
38
540
.59
37
306
.48
Rhode Island
39
430
1.03
39
270
.82
West Virginia
40
387
.57
38
285
.58
Maine
41
379
.84
41
221
.68
Idaho
42
335
.89
43
198
.86
Montana
43
307
.95
42
203
.92
New Hampshire
44
230
.56
40
248
.96
Delaware
45
223
.88
45
169
.91
South Dakota
46
211
.75
48
146
.69
Alaska
47
200
1.21
50
63
.76
North Dakota
48
190
.73
47
154
.85
Wyoming
49
183
.89
49
90
.82
Vermont
50
165
.75
46
166
1
.12
The photographer occupation increased by
40 percent over the decade, which was
higher than the U.S. labor force in
general but low relative to other artist
occupations. The growth in photographers
was spread fairly uniformly throughout
the nation with only the South showing a
slightly higher increase than the other
regions.
California continued to lead the states
in number of photographers with 13,060 in
1980. New York was second with 10,539.
More than half the states had at least
1,000 photographers.
In terms of concentration ratio, Hawaii,
Nevada, and New York all have approxi-
mately one and one-half times the national
average of photographers in the labor
force. Hawaii's ratio is 1.53, Nevada's
is 1.49, and New York's is 1.45.
t Concentration ratio: Proportion of photographers in state
labor force compared with national proportion. A ratio of
1.00 would mean that state concentration was identical to
the national average.
31
3,219
n
°° °fo
,>^\
O
I I 2,500 or more
I I 1,000-2,499
I I 500-999
I I 499 or less
Number of teachers (higher ed) 19 80
2.84% (highest in the nation)
.6 5%
(lowest in the nation)
1.30% or more
.79% to 1.29%
.78% or less
Concentration ratio of teachers (higher ed) 19 80
Figure XI
Teachers of art, drama,
and music (higher education)
:omparison of 1980 and 1970 state
distribution of teachers (higher ed) .
1980
Number
Concen-
1970
Number
Concen-
of
tration
of
tration
State
Rank
artists
ratio t
Rank
artists
ratiot
California
1
3,219
1.04
1
4,
,295
1.03
New York
2
2,195
1.01
2
3,
,635
.93
Texas
3
1,571
.88
4
2,
,085
.92
Illinois
4
1,448
.98
3
2,
,335
.97
Pennsylvania
5
1,279
.88
5
2,
,03 9
.82
Ohio
6
1,186
.88
6
I,
,876
.84
Massachusetts
7
1,078
1.41
8
1,
,439
1.15
Michigan
8
878
.77
7
I,
,633
.90
North Carolina
9
834
1.11
11
1,
,124
1.04
Florida
10
815
.71
10
1
,135
.86
Wisconsin
11
767
1.25
9
1
,327
1.43
Indiana
12
717
1.03
12
1
,108
1.00
Minnesota
13
688
1.27
14
1
,007
1.25
New Jersey
14
621
.65
18
823
.53
Missouri
15
618
1.01
13
1
,016
1.05
Washington
16
595
1.13
15
937
1.33
Virginia
17
551
.82
17
845
.91
Colorado
18
544
1.39
25
650
1.44
Iowa
19
522
1.40
16
864
1.46
Connecticut
20
493
1.17
23
673
.99
Georgia
21
482
.71
21
700
.74
Kansas
22
479
1.57
22
682
1.47
Louisiana
23
477
1.01
24
673
1.05
Tennessee
24
474
.84
19
799
1.00
Maryland
25
469
.83
20
790
.95
Oregon
26
448
1.33
27
596
1.36
South Carolina
27
436
1.14
34
389
.75
Oklahoma
28
394
1.08
28
596
1.17
Alabama
29
389
.88
29
568
.87
Arizona
30
346
1.07
32
433
1.29
Kentucky
31
323
.78
26
605
1.01
Utah
32
267
1.58
30
450
2.15
Mississippi
33
255
.93
31
443
1.12
New Mexico
34
239
1.61
37
240
1.34
Idaho
35
211
1.86
45
155
1.09
Nebraska
36
192
.95
33
423
1.36
South Dakota
37
176
2.07
38
207
1.58
Wyoming
38
175
2.84
48
99
1.46
Arkansas
39
170
.66
36
324
.90
Hawai i
40
154
1.30
40
190
1.23
West Virginia
41
139
.68
35
352
1.16
Maine
42
127
.94
46
149
.74
North Dakota
43
120
1.53
43
167
1.49
New Hampshire
44
119
.96
42
173
1.08
Rhode Island
45
114
.91
39
200
.98
Montana
46
110
1.13
41
190
1.39
Vermont
47
108
1.64
44
156
1.70
Nevada
48
93
.81
49
48
.44
Delaware
49
70
.92
47
122
1.06
Alaska
50
70
1.41
50
26
.50
Teachers of art, drama, and music in col-
leges and universities are the only art-
ist occupational group to show a loss in
the census population figures during the
1970-80 decade. There were an estimated
42,000 such teachers in 1970 and this num-
ber reportedly dropped to 28,385 by 1980,
a loss of 32 percent. The loss occurred
in all regions of the country, although
in the West the loss was less severe.
Only five states (South Carolina, Idaho,
Wyoming, Nevada, and Alaska) did not have
a loss. As previously noted, this re-
ported drop may only reflect the fact that
substantially fewer teachers specified
their subject area in the 1980 Census than
in 1970. The Bureau of the Census plans
to further examine this phenomenon.
California continued to have the most
teachers of art, drama, and music in high-
er education — 3,219 according to the 1980
census. New York is second with 2,195.
The census reports that only five other
states — Texas, Illinois, Ohio, Pennsylva-
nia, and Massachusetts — have at least
1,000 teachers of art, drama, and music
in their colleges and universities, con-
servatories, and other professional
training programs.
t Concentration ratio: Proportion of teachers (higher ed)
in state labor force compared with national proportion. A
ratio of 1.00 would mean that state concentration was
identical to the national average.
33
Figure XII
Artists not elsewhere classified
Comparison of 1980 and 1970 state
distribution of artists n.e.c.
1980
Number
Concen-
1970
Number
Concen-
o:
E
tration
of
tration
State
Rank
artists
ratio t
Rank
artists
ratio' t
California
1
8,
,490
1.57
1
10,
.300
1
.94
New York
2
5
,225
1.37
2
7
.991
1
.62
Florida
3
3
,780
1.89
6
2,
,271
1
.36
Texas
4
2
,245
.72
3
2
,766
.97
Illinois
5
2
,168
.84
4
2
,73 5
.90
Ohio
6
1,
,822
.77
8
2
,153
.77
Pennsylvania
7
1
,801
.71
5
2
,322
.74
New Jersey
8
1.
,648
.98
7
2
,199
1
.11
Michigan
9
1
,543
.77
9
1
,948
.85
Massachusetts
10
1
,412
1.05
10
1
,491
,94
Maryland
11
1
,248
1.27
11
1
,367
1
.29
Georgia
12
1
,080
.92
18
603
.50
Virginia
13
961
.82
12
1
,087
.93
Colorado
14
947
1.39
19
578
1
.01
Arizona
15
929
1.65
20
575
1
.35
Missouri
16
827
.77
15
775
.63
North Carolina
17
818
.62
17
627
.46
Washington
18
802
.87
14
826
.93
Tennessee
19
790
.80
22
560
.55
Connecticut
20
729
.99
13
1
,003
1
.16
Minnesota
21
726
.77
23
544
.54
Indiana
22
713
.58
21
568
.41
Louisiana
23
710
.86
24
483
.60
Nevada
24
673
3.34
30
412
2
.97
Wisconsin
25
662
.62
16
646
.55
Kentucky
26
643
.89
25
483
.64
Alabama
27
533
.69
28
424
.51
Oregon
28
516
.87
27
467
.84
Hawaii
29
511
2.47
31
357
1
.83
Kansas
30
444
.83
32
296
.50
New Mexico
31
391
1.50
33
292
1
.29
South Carolina
32
374
.56
34
288
.44
Oklahoma
33
358
.56
26
468
.73
Iowa
34
304
.47
29
423
.57
Mississippi
35
301
.63
42
120
.24
West Virginia
36
261
.73
38
208
.54
Utah
37
234
.79
35
258
.97
New Hampshire
38
228
1.06
36
245
1
.21
Arkansas
39
209
.47
37
215
.47
Nebraska
40
180
.51
40
182
.46
Rhode Island
41
171
.78
39
194
.75
Delaware
42
171
1.28
43
104
.71
Maine
43
156
.66
41
176
.69
Idaho
44
13 9
.70
44
102
.57
Vermont
45
113
.98
45
96
.83
Montana
46
104
.61
46
81
.47
North Dakota
47
93
.68
49
37
.26
South Dakota
48
68
.46
47
65
.39
Alaska
49
63
.73
48
56
.86
Wyoming
50
51
.47
50
35
.41
This census classification represents a
residual group of artist occupations that
do not lend themselves to classification
in any of the ten previously described
categories. A wide variety is included
(e.g., circus performer, model maker,
inker and opaquer ) . The 1970 Census
reported 53,131 individuals in this cate-
gory and 49,653 were reported in 1980.
The states with the highest concentration
of these artists in 1980 were Nevada
(3.34) and Hawaii (2.47). This again
reflects the strong entertainment industry
in these two states.
t Concentration ratio: Proportion of artists n.e.c. in state
labor force compared with national proportion. A ratio of
1.00 would mean that state concentration was identical to
the national average.
STATE-BY-STATE SUMMARY
While the artist population increased by
47 percent in the U.S. as a whole between
1970 and 1980, there were considerable dif
ferences from state to state. Increase
ranged from a low of 23 percent in Mary-
land and Illinois to a high of over 200
percent in Alaska. The states with the
highest percentage increase in artist pop-
ulation were Alaska, Arizona, Nevada, Col-
orado, Florida, Wyoming, Oregon, Hawaii,
New Mexico, Washington, and South Caro-
lina. All but two of these are in the
Western region.
most states, designers (3,756) consti-
tuted its largest artist occupational
group. The 1980 concentration ratio of
Arizona artists was 1.14 times the U.S.
average.
Arkansas
There were 5,468 ar
sas in 1980. This
cent increase over
average increase fo
sas ranked thirty-s
thirty-eighth in 19
artists. In the oc
states it was highe
the announcer categ
ers. The 1980 cone
kansas artists was
nation at .56 of th
In the foregoing section, which deals with
change in the different artist occupa-
tions, the states are ranked in order of
descending 1980 population for each occupa- California
tional group. These rankings are referred
to in the following state summaries.
tists living in Arkan-
represents a 64 per-
1970, well above the
r U.S. artists. Arkan-
eventh in 1970 and
80 for total number of
cupational rankings of
st (thirty-second) in
ory with 581 announc-
entration ratio of Ar-
second lowest in the
e U.S. average.
Alabama
Alabama had 11,779 artists in 1980. With
an increase of 48 percent between 1970 and
1980, it was slightly above the U.S. aver-
age. It was twenty-sixth in number of art-
ists, dropping from twenty-fourth position
a decade earlier. In the occupational
rankings of states its highest position is
in the announcer category, where it was
thirteenth. The 1980 concentration ratio
of Alabama artists remained low at .69 of
the U.S. average, the same as in 1970.
Alaska
Alaska
increas
nation,
populat
710 Ala
1970 Ce
2,148.
the 197
seventh
ranking
fourth)
highest
The 198
artists
compare
Arizona
had the greatest proportionate
e in artists of any state in the
more than tripling its artist
ion between 1970 and 1980. Only
ska artists were counted in the
nsus, but by 1980 the state had
The state moved from last place in
0 ranking of artists to forty-
in 1980. In the occupational
s of states it was highest (thirty-
in the dancer category and next
(fortieth) in the author category.
0 concentration ratio of Alaska
was 1.13 times the U.S. average
d with .79 in 1970.
California led the nation in 1980 in all
the artist occupations with the exception
of dancers. There were 176,321 artists
in California in 1980 (over 16 percent of
all artists in the U.S.), an increase of
63 percent from 1970. One-third of all
U.S. actors and directors and one-quarter
of all U.S. authors were in California in
1980, but designers (48,036) constituted
its largest artist occupational group.
The 1980 concentration ratio of Califor-
nia artists was 1.49 times the U.S. aver-
age. California tied with Hawaii for the
second highest ratio in the nation.
Colorado
Colorado doubled its artist population be-
tween 1970 and 1980. With nearly 18,000
artists in 1980, it ranked nineteenth in
the nation. In the occupational rankings
of states Colorado was highest (tenth) in
the author category with 882 authors.
Its largest 1980 artist occupational
groups were designers (4,683) followed by
painters, sculptors, craft artists, and
artist printmakers (2,805) and architects
(2,741). The 1980 concentration ratio of
Colorado artists was 1.20 times the U.S.
average. This was the fifth highest ra-
tio in the nation.
Arizona more than doubled its number of
artists between 1970 and 1980, increasing
113 percent. With over 14,000 artists at
the end of the decade, the state moved
from thirtieth to twenty-third place in
total number of artists. In the occupa-
tional rankings of states Arizona was
highest (fifteenth) in the dancer cate-
gory with 218 dancers. However, as in
Connecticut
Connecticut had a relati
crease (28 percent) in i
tion between 1970 and 19
from fourteenth place in
artists to twenty-second
were over 17,000 artists
in 1980. Designers (5,7
the largest artist occup
lowed by 2,835 painters,
artists, and artist prin
occupational rankings of
vely small in-
ts artist popula-
80. It dropped
number of
place. There
in Connecticut
44) constituted
ational group fol-
sculptors, craft
tmakers. In the
states Connecti-
35
cut was eleventh in the author category,
dropping from fifth place in 1970. The
1980 concentration ratio of Connecticut's
artists was 1.07 times the U.S. average.
Delaware
the listing of announcers and thirteenth
in dancers and musicians/composers. The
1980 concentration ratio of Georgia
artists was .79 of the U.S. average.
Hawaii
Delaware had 2,288 artists in 1980, rank-
ing forty-sixth in the nation. Its in-
crease of artists (36 percent) was less
than the U.S. average. Designers (799)
constituted the largest artist occupation-
al group. In the occupational rankings of
states Delaware was no higher than forty-
second for any artist occupation. The
1980 concentration ratio of Delaware
artists was .78 of the U.S. average.
District of Columbia
As the federal city, the District of Co-
lumbia has more artists than many states,
taking thirty-fifth place when ranked with
them. Its artist population increased 29
percent between 1970 and 1980, well below
the U.S. average. In reference to the oc-
cupational rankings of states the District
would be highest in the author category
with 944 authors. (Colorado ranked tenth
with 822 authors. ) The Washington metro-
politan area, which includes its Maryland
and Virginia suburbs as well as the
federal city itself, had 24,979 artists in
1980 or almost four times the 6,247 artist
population of the federal city alone. More
information about the metropolitan area
appears in the following chapter.
Florida
Florida had the fifth greatest increase of
artists among the states: 94 percent be-
tween 1970 and 1980. In 1980 it ranked
fifth in the nation in total artists
(48,302), behind California, New York, Tex-
as, and Illinois; this was up from ninth
position in 1970. While its 14,102 design-
ers constituted Florida's largest artist
occupational group, the importance of
entertainment and tourism were reflected
in relatively large numbers of dancers
(818) and musician/composers (7,713). In
the occupational rankings of states Flor-
ida was third in the dancer category,
fourth in the announcer and musician/com-
poser categories, and between fifth and
tenth in all other artist occupations.
The 1980 concentration ratio of Florida
artists was 1.10 times the U.S. average.
Georgia
Georgia had over 20,000 artists in 1980,
moving to fifteenth place from twentieth
place in 1970. Its increase of 73 per-
cent between 1970 and 1980 was well above
the U.S. average. In the occupational
rankings of states Georgia was eleventh in
Hawaii had an 84 percent increase in its
artist population between 1970 and 1980,
moving from thirty-fourth to thirty-sec-
ond position. Most Hawaiian artists live
in Honolulu. While its 1,236 designers
constitute the largest artist occupation-
al group, Hawaii is unusual in having al-
most equally large numbers of musicians/
composers (1,097) and painters... (1,101).
In the occupational rankings of states
Hawaii was highest (seventh) in the
dancer category with 441 dancers. In
its 1980 concentration ratio of artists,
which is 1.49 times the U.S. average,
Hawaii tied with California for second
national position.
Idaho
Idaho had an increase of 74 percent in
its artist population from 1970 to 1980.
With 3,207 artists, it was forty-third in
the nation, up slightly from its forty-
fourth position in 1970. Idaho's artists
are dispersed throughout the state and
less than one-third of them live in or
near Boise, its one large metropolitan
area. In the occupational rankings of
states Idaho was highest (thirty-fifth)
in the teacher category, followed by ar-
chitects (thirty-sixth) . The 19 80 concen-
tration ratio of Idaho artists was .74 of
the U.S. average.
Illinois
Illinois' 23 percent increase in artists
was one of the smallest in the nation be-
tween 1970 and 1980. Despite this, Illi-
nois continued to have large numbers of
artists (50,467) in each occupation with
nearly 75 percent of them concentrated in
Chicago and designers (17,255) far outnum-
bering the other artist occupational
groups. In the occupational rankings of
states it was third in the author cate-
gory and fourth in the categories of
actors/directors, architects, designers,
painters..., photographers, and teachers.
The 1980 concentration ratio of Illinois
artists was .89 of the U.S. average, a
decrease from its 1970 concentration
ratio at .97.
Indiana
Indiana had 17,439 artists in the state
in 1980. Its 35 percent increase in
artists from 1970 was below the national
average. Designers (6,287) constituted
its largest artist occupational group and
36
were nearly three times as numerous as the
next largest group, musicians/composers
(2,234). In the occupational rankings of
states, Indiana was twelfth in the dancer
and teacher categories. The 1980 concen-
tration ratio of Indiana artists was .65
of the U.S. average.
Iowa
Iowa had 9,395 artists in 1980. Its in-
crease from 1970 was 36 percent, which is
below the national average. In the occu-
pational rankings of states Iowa was nine-
teenth in the teacher category. The 1980
concentration ratio of Iowa artists was
.66 of the U.S. average.
Kansas
Kansas had 9,377 artists in 1980. Its in-
crease of 33 percent over 1970 was below
the national average. In the occupation-
al rankings of states Kansas was highest
in the listing of teachers (twenty-second)
and architects (twenty-sixth) . The 19 80
concentration ratio of Kansas artists was
.80 of the U.S. average.
Kentucky
Kentucky's artist population increased to
10,446 by 1980, representing a 52 percent
increase from 1970. This was above the
national average. In the occupational
rankings of states Kentucky was highest
(eighteenth) in the dancer category with
189 dancers. The 1980 concentration ra-
tio of Kentucky artists was .66 of the
U.S. average.
Louisiana
Louisiana had 12,825 artists in 1980, an
increase of 60 percent over 1970. Des-
pite this, Louisiana fell from twenty-
third place in 1970 to twenty-fifth in
1980. In the occupational rankings of
states Louisiana's highest place was sev-
enteenth in the announcer category. The
1980 concentration ratio of Louisiana
artists was .71 of the U.S. average.
Maine
Maine's artist population increased by 75
percent between 1970 and 1980. Its total
of 3,790 artists made it forty-first in
the nation. In the occupational rankings
of states Maine was highest (thirtieth) in
the author category with 253 authors. The
1980 concentration ratio of Maine artists
was .73 of the U.S. average.
Maryland
Maryland had one of the lowest increases
in artists (22 percent) between 1970 and
1980, falling from eleventh place to thir-
teenth place. The state had a total of
20,990 artists in 1980. In the occupa-
tional rankings of states Maryland was
highest (eleventh) in the dancer cate-
gory. The 1980 concentration ratio of
Maryland artists was .98 of the U.S. aver-
age.
Massachusetts
Massachusetts had 32,223 artists in 1980,
remaining the tenth state in the nation
for number of artists. Its increase of
37 percent between 1970 and 1980 was be-
low the U.S. average. In the occupa-
tional rankings of states Massachusetts
was fourth in the author category with
1,525 authors. The 1980 concentration
ratio of Massachusetts artists was 1.10
times the U.S. average.
Michigan
Michigan had 36
its 24 percent
tion was one of
Between 1970 an
from seventh to
In the occupati
Michigan was si
gory with 14,78
centration rati
.84 of the U.S.
Minnesota
,888 artists in 1980, but
increase in artist popula-
the lowest in the nation,
d 1980 the state fell
eighth national position,
onal rankings of states
xth in the designer cate-
6 designers. The 1980 con-
o of Michigan artists was
average.
Minnesota had 19,512 artists in 1980.
Its increase between 1970 and 1980 (51
percent) was slightly above the U.S. aver-
age. It held sixteenth place in total
artists in both 1970 and 1980. In the
occupational rankings of states Minnesota
was thirteenth in the teacher category
and fourteenth in the musician/composer
and painter... categories. The 19 80 con-
centration ratio of Minnesota artists was
.94 of the U.S. average.
Mississippi
Mississippi's artist population increased
by 61 percent between 1970 and 1980.
With 6,155 artists in 1980, the state was
in thirty-fifth place in the nation. In
the occupational rankings of states Mis-
sissippi was highest (twenty-ninth) in
the announcer category with 6 79 announ-
cers. The 1980 concentration ratio of
Mississippi artists was .59 of the U.S.
average.
Missouri
Missouri increased its artist population
by 34 percent between 1970 and 1980, but
dropped from thirteenth to seventeenth po-
sition in the nation. The state had
37
18,951 artists in 1980. In the occupa-
tional rankings of states it was highest
(thirteenth) in the photographer category
with 1,934 photographers. The 1980 con-
centration ratio of Missouri artists was
.81 of the U.S. average.
Montana
Montana had 2,966 artists in 1980. Its
60 percent growth since 19 70 was above
the U.S. average. In the occupational
rankings of states Montana was highest
(thirty-eighth) in the announcer and
author categories with 291 and 157 re-
spectively. The 19 80 concentration ratio
of Montana artists was .80 of the U.S.
average.
was exactly the same as the U.S. average
(1.00).
Nebraska
Nebraska's increase in
cent between 1970 and 1
from a rank of thirty-s
seventh with a total 19
tion of 5,666. In the
rankings of states Nebr
(thirty-second) in the
gory. The 1980 concent
Nebraska artists was .7
average.
Nevada
artists was 39 per-
980. It dropped
econd to thirty-
80 artist popula-
occupational
aska was highest
photographer cate-
ration ratio of
3 of the U.S.
Nevada had the
artist populati
1970 and 1980,
tion to thirty-
artists in 1980
ings of states
category with 5
centration rati
1.48 times the
highest ratio i
third greates
on (111 perce
moving from f
third with a
In the occ
it was fifth
68 dancers
o of Nevada a
U.S. average,
n the nation.
t increase in
nt) between
ortieth posi-
total of 6,507
upational rank-
in the dancer
The 1980 con-
rtists was
the fourth
New Hampshire
New Hampshire1
creased 52 per
A total of 3,7
second positio
tional ranking
was highest (t
category with
centration rat
was .79 of the
s artist population in-
cent between 1970 and 1980.
51 artists put it in forty-
n in 1980. In the occupa-
s of states New Hampshire
hirty-f ourth) in the author
209 authors. The 1980 con-
io of New Hampshire artists
U.S. average.
New Jersey
New Jersey's 1980 artist population showed
a 27 percent increase over 1970 with a
total of 36,510 artists. Nevertheless,
the state fell from eighth national posi-
tion in 1970 to ninth in 1980. In the oc-
cupational rankings of states New Jersey
was sixth in the listings of actors/
directors, authors, and dancers. The 1980
concentration ratio of New Jersey artists
New Mexico
New Mexico's increase in artis
tion was 83 percent between 19
1980, the ninth highest percen
increase in the nation. The s
from thirty-sixth position to
fourth with a total of 6,505 a
1980. In the occupational ran
states New Mexico was twenty-f
the author category. The 1980
tion ratio of New Mexico artis
times the U.S. average, the si
ratio in the nation.
t popula-
70 and
tage
tate moved
thirty-
rtists in
kings of
ourth in
concentra-
ts was 1.14
xth highest
New York
New York had 138,4
with the largest n
occupation — 43 ,83 3
during the 1970-80
well below the U.S
In the occupationa
New York was first
gory; it was secon
other artist occup
announcer category
both Texas and Cal
centration ratio o
the highest in the
U.S. average.
North Carolina
24 artists in 1980,
umber in the designer
people. Its increase
decade was 28 percent,
. average for artists.
1 rankings of states
in the dancer cate-
d to California in all
ations, excepting the
in which it was below
ifornia. The 1980 con-
f New York artists was
nation, 1.66 times the
North Carolina had 20,561 artists in
1980. Its increase between 1970 and 1980
(63 percent) was well above the U.S. aver-
age, moving it from eighteenth to four-
teenth in national ranking. In the occupa-
tional rankings of states North Carolina
was highest (ninth) in the announcer and
teacher categories. The 1980 concentra-
tion ratio of North Carolina artists was
.72 of the U.S. average.
North Dakota
North Dakota had 1,972 artists in 1980
with an increase of 71 percent over 1970,
being well above the U.S. average. In
spite of this substantial increase, the
state fell from forty-eighth to forty-
ninth in national ranking. In the occupa-
tional rankings of states North Dakota
was highest (thirty-seventh) in the
announcer category with 334 announcers.
The 1980 concentration ratio of North
Dakota artists was .66 of the U.S.
average.
Ohio
Ohio had nearly 40,000 artists and held
seventh position in the nation in 1980,
dropping from sixth place in 1970. Its
38
Oklahoma
Oklahoma ' s
50 percent
mained in t
the nation
artists. I
states Okla
fifth) in t
1980 concen
artists was
Oregon
23 percent increase of artists between
1970 and 1980 was one of the lowest per-
centage changes. In the occupational
rankings of states Ohio was fifth in the
nation in the photographer and announcer
categories, having 4,211 photographers and
1,843 announcers in 1980. The 1980 concen-
tration ratio of Ohio artists was .77 of
the U.S. average.
artist population increased by
between 1970 and 1980. It re-
he twenty-eighth position in
with its 1980 total of 10,308
n the occupational rankings of
homa was highest (twenty-
he announcer category. The
tration ratio of Oklahoma
.74 of the U.S. average.
In 1980, Oregon had a total of 13,157
artists, reflecting an 89 percent increase
in its artist population since 1970. That
percentage increase was seventh highest in
the nation, moving Oregon from twenty-sixth
to twenty-fourth national position. In
the occupational rankings of states Oregon
was highest (twentieth) in the author cat-
egory with 566 authors in 1980. The 1980
concentration ratio of Oregon artists was
1.02 times the U.S. average.
Pennsylvania
Like most other northeastern states, Penn-
sylvania had a relatively modest increase
in its artist population (23 percent) be-
tween 1970 and 1980 and fell from fourth
national position in 1970 to sixth in 1980
with a total artist population of 43,363.
In the occupational rankings of states it
was fifth in the designer, musician/com-
poser, painter..., and teacher categories.
The 19 80 concentration ratio of Penn-
sylvania artists was .78 of the U.S.
average.
Rhode Island
Rhode Island's artist population in-
creased by 45 percent between 1970 and
1980. With 4,527 artists it took forti-
eth position in the nation in 1980. In
the occupational rankings of states Rhode
Island was highest in the designer cate-
gory with 1,841 designers. The 1980 con-
centration ratio of Rhode Island artists
was .95 of the U.S. average.
South Carolina
South Carolina's increase in artists was
83 percent between 1970 and 1980, moving
it from thirty-first to twenty-ninth
national position with a total of 9,526
artists. In the occupational rankings of
states South Carolina was twenty-third in
the author category with 338 authors.
The 1980 concentration ratio of South Car-
olina artists was .65 of the U.S. aver-
age.
South Dakota
South Dakota had 1,974 artists in 1980,
taking forty-eighth position in the nation.
It had relatively little increase (38 per-
cent) in its artist population between
19 70 and 19 80. In the occupational rank-
ings of states South Dakota was highest
(thirty-seventh) in the teacher category.
The 19 80 concentration ratio of South
Dakota artists was .61 of the U.S.
average.
Tennessee
Tennessee had 17,714 artists in 1980.
Its growth between 1970 and 1980 was 67
percent, moving it from twenty-first to
twentieth national position. In the occu-
pational rankings of states Tennessee was
highest (twelfth) in the announcer cate-
gory with 1,174 announcers. The 1980 con-
centration ratio of Tennessee artists was
.82 of the U.S. average.
Texas
Texas
number
artist
betwee
al ran
1970 a
vania
is sec
catego
states
The 19
artist
Utah
held third place in the nation in
of artists (61,802) in 1980. Its
population increased by 77 percent
n 1970 and 1980. In the occupation-
kings of states Texas was fifth in
nd moved past Illinois and Pennsyl-
to the third spot in 1980. Texas
ond in the nation in the announcer
ry and ranks among the top five
in all other artist occupations.
80 concentration ratio of Texas
s was .90 of the U.S. average.
Utah had 5,858 artists in 1980, an in-
crease of 60 percent over 1970. It held
thirty-sixth position in the nation for
number of artists, down from thirty-fifth
place in 1970. In the occupational rank-
ings of states Utah was twenty-ninth in
the dancer category. The 1980 concentra-
tion ratio of Utah artists was .91 of the
U.S. average.
Vermont
Vermont's increase in artists was 48 per-
cent (the same as the national average)
between 1970 and 1980. With 2,366
artists it was in forty-fifth position
nationally in 1980. In the occupational
rankings of states Vermont was highest in
39
the painters category with 500 in 19 80, states Wyoming was highest (thirty-
an increase from 215 in 1970. The 19 80 eighth) in the teacher category with 175
concentration ratio of Vermont artists teachers in higher education. The 1980
was .94 of the U.S. average. concentration ratio of Wyoming artists
Virginia
Virginia had 24,775 artists in 1980. Be-
tween 1970 and 1980 its artist population
increased by 62 percent, which is above
the U.S. average, and its national posi-
tion moved from twelfth to eleventh place.
In the occupational rankings of states
Virginia was highest (eighth) in the
author category with 1,320 authors, and
moved from twelfth to ninth place in the
actor/director category. The 19 80 concen-
tration ratio of Virginia artists was .96
of the U.S. average.
Washington
Washington had 22,974 artists in 1980, a
large increase (83 percent) in its artist
population since 1970 moving it from nine-
teenth to twelfth national position. In
the occupational rankings of states Wash-
ington was tenth in the architect cate-
gory. Its 3,148 architects are more than
double the number it had in 1970. The
1980 concentration ratio of Washington
artists was 1.14 times the U.S. average,
sixth in the nation.
West Virginia
West Virginia's artist population in-
creased moderately (37 percent) between
1970 and 1980. With 4,223 artists in the
state, it held fortieth position in the
country. In the occupational rankings of
states West Virginia was thirty-fifth in
the announcer category with 433 announ-
cers. The 1980 concentration ratio of
West Virginia artists was .54 of the U.S.
average.
Wisconsin
Wisconsin had 18,429 artists in 1980, drop-
ping from fifteenth national position in
1970 to eighteenth in 1980. Its increase
(38 percent) was below the U.S. average
for artists. In the occupational rankings
of states Wisconsin was eleventh in the
teacher category with 767 teachers in
higher education. The 1980 concentration
ratio of Wisconsin artists was .78 of the
U.S. average.
Wyoming
Wyoming, with the smallest number of
artists of any state, had one of the high-
est increases (90 percent) between 1970
ana 3 980. The number of Wyoming artists
increased from 844 in 1970 to 1,602 by
1980. In the occupational rankings of
was .68 of the U.S. average.
40
ARTISTS IN CITIES
Artists tend to be highly urbanized; 86
percent of the artists counted in the 1980
Census lived in urban locations. The ur-
ban proportion varied only moderately
among the eleven artist occupations.
Dancers were the most urbanized, with 96
percent living in urban areas. Actors/
directors (92 percent) and musicians/com-
posers (89 percent) were the second and
third most urbanized. The concentration
of performing artists in urban areas (86
percent) contrasted markedly with that
for the U.S. population as a whole (75
percent) .
For the 19 80 Census, an "urban area" was
an incorporated or unincorporated com-
munity of 2,500 or more people. However,
the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area
(SMSA) is more useful than the urban area
as a concept because the SMSA conforms to
the general sense in which cities are
thought of as metropolitan areas. SMSAs
are bounded regions defined by the U.S.
Office of Management and Budget and deter-
mined by both population size and relation
to adjoining counties.
In the 1980 Census there were 318 SMSAs.
The sixty largest of these had 704,472
artists or 65 percent of all artists. The
uppermost twenty provided homes for over
45 percent of U.S. artists and the top
two, New York City and Los Angeles, had
102,954 and 77,678 artists respectively —
or together nearly 17 percent of the total
U.S. artist population. The number of
artists in New York City and Los Angeles
was also very substantial in relation to
their civilian labor force. They were the
only large metropolitan areas in the 1980
Census with more than 2 percent of workers
in artist occupations; artists comprised
2.45 percent of the New York City labor
force and 2.10 percent of the Los Angeles
labor force. The national proportion of
artists in .the total labor force was 1.04
percent in 19 80.
Three smaller SMSAs had artists comprising
more than 2 percent of their labor force
in 1980 — Norwalk and Stamford, both in Con-
necticut, and Santa Cruz, California.
Among the sixty largest SMSAs, those with
the highest percentage of artists after
New York and Los Angeles were Las Vegas
(1.82), San Francisco (1.75), Honolulu
(1.65), Austin (1.63), Seattle/Everett
(1.59), Washington (1.56), and Boston and
Tucson (both 1.49 ) .
The New York City SMSA had the largest art-
ist population and was the area of resi-
dence of about one of ten U.S. artists in
1980. Designers constituted its largest
occupational group with 31,653 members.
This was nearly double the second largest
group of painters, sculptors, craft art-
ists, and artist printmakers with 15,640
members. The 1980 New York City SMSA did
not include Nassau and Suffolk counties as
it had in 1970. The latter two counties
comprise their own SMSA in the 19 80 Census.
Together, the New York City SMSA and the
Nassau/Suffolk SMSA had nearly 120,000 art-
ists in 19 80, dominating the New York State
artist population with over 86 percent of
the state total. In addition to New York
City, two other New York State SMSAs ex-
ceeded the national average (1.04 percent)
of artists in the total labor force; they
were Nassau/Suffolk and Poughkeepsie with
1.35 and 1.06 percent, respectively.
The Los Angeles SMSA had the second
largest artist population in 1980.
Designers constituted the largest artist
Table 3
Urban and rural location of artists 1980
Percent
Percent
Occupation
urban
rural
Dancers
96
4
Actors/directors
92
8
Musicians/composers
89
11
Architects
87
13
Authors
87
13
Photographers
86
14
Painters . . .
85
15
Teachers (higher
ed)
85
15
Designers
84
16
Announcers
83
17
Artists n.e.c.
80
20
All artists
86
14
Professional specialty
occupations
81
19
Total U.S. labor
force
75
25
41
occupational group with 18,564 members.
The second largest was the actor/director
group with 16,081 members, reflecting the
importance of the media production in Los
Angeles artist employment. Unlike New
York City, Los Angeles did not dominate
its entire state in number of artists.
(Only 44 percent of California artists re-
side in the Los Angeles SMSA.) The state
of California had eleven other SMSAs with
artists exceeding the 1.04 percent nation-
al average proportion of artists in the
civilian labor force: Anaheim/Santa Ana/
Garden Grove (1.45 percent), Chico (1.10
percent), Oxnard/Simi Valley/ Ventura
(1.24 percent), Sacramento (1.14 per-
cent), Salinas/Seaside/Monterey (1.26 per-
cent), San Diego (1.47 percent), San Fran-
cisco/Oakland (1.75 percent), San Jose
(1.22 percent), Santa Barbara/Santa Maria
(1.56 percent), Santa Cruz (2.04 per-
cent), and Santa Rosa (1.34 percent).
The Chicago SMSA had the third largest
artist population in 1980. However, its
37,536 artists were less than half as nu-
merous as Los Angeles artists. Designers
constituted the largest Chicago group
with 12,945 members — more than one-third
of the total artist population. Paint-
ers, sculptors, craft artists, and artist
printmakers formed the second largest
group with 5,903 members, and architects
were close behind with 4,646 members.
The greatest proportion of artists to the
total labor force in Illinois cities was
1.53 percent in the Champaign/Urbana/
Rantoul SMSA versus the 1.0 8 percent of
Chicago.
The San Francisco/Oakland SMSA had the
fourth largest artist population (29,570
artists) in 1980. With 1.75 percent
artists in its total labor force, how-
ever, it ranked below Santa Cruz (2.04
percent) as well as Los Angeles (2.10 per-
cent) in proportionate representation of
artists in California cities. Designers
(8,268) constituted the largest San Fran-
cisco/Oakland artist occupational group
followed by painters, sculptors, craft
artists, and artist printmakers with 4,516
members and architects with 4,383 members.
The Washington SMSA comprising the Dis-
trict of Columbia and surrounding counties
in Maryland and Virginia had the fifth
largest artist population in 1980. The
District of Columbia had only about one-
quarter of the artists in the SMSA, but
its proportion of artists to total labor
force was greater than that of the SMSA
(1.95 percent compared with 1.56 percent).
The proportion of artists in each of the
occupations living in the District of
Columbia compared to the whole metropoli-
tan area varied substantially. Designers
constituted the largest SMSA occupational
group (5,613), with about one-fifth of
them living in the District of Columbia.
Second most numerous were the painters,
sculptors, craft artists, and artist print-
makers with 4,307 in the SMSA; about one-
fifth of these also lived in the District
of Columbia. Authors, dancers, and
teachers in higher education were the
three artist occupations in which the pro-
portions in the District of Columbia were
greatest. More than one-third of those in
these three occupations lived in the Dis-
trict of Columbia but nearly two-thirds
lived elsewhere in the SMSA.
The Philadelphia SMSA ranked sixth in
number of artists with 22,834 in 1980. In
the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Philadel-
phia was the city with the second highest
concentration of artists in the civil-
ian labor force (1.06 percent). The great-
est concentration was in State College
(1.30 percent), but the total population
was small and only 652 artists lived there
in 1980. Pittsburgh had about one-third
as many artists as Philadelphia. The dif-
ference between these two large cities was
more marked in connection with specific
artist occupational groups. In five of
these — architects; teachers in higher
education; authors; painters, sculptors,
craft artists, and artist printmakers; and
dancers — there were more than three times
as many artists living in Philadelphia
as in Pittsburgh.
The Boston SMSA ranked seventh in the
U.S. in number of artists with 20,839 or
slightly more than two-thirds of the
artists in the whole of Massachusetts. It
was the only city in Massachusetts with a
concentration of artists in its civilian
labor force greater than the national
average. Designers were the most numerous
Boston artist occupational group (6,227)
followed at a distance by architects
(2,860); painters, sculptors, craft
artists, and artist printmakers (2,834),
and musicians/composers (2,804).
The Detroit SMSA ranked eighth in the
U.S. in number of artists with 19,942.
The proportion of artists in its civil-
ian labor force (.99 percent) was below
the national average and far below that
of the nearby city of Ann Arbor, which
had 1.59 percent artists in its civilian
labor force. The 8,918 designers in De-
troit comprised by far the most numerous
artist occupational group. Second were
the painters, sculptors, craft artists,
and artist printmakers with 2,610, while
musicians/composers with 2,316 were third.
The Dallas/Fort Worth SMSA ranked ninth
in 1980 number of artists with 18,618.
The proportion of artists in its civil-
ian labor force was 1.21 percent. Among
42
other Texas SMSAs, Austin had a far greater
concentration of artists — 1.63 percent —
in its smaller civilian labor force and
Houston and San Antonio also had concentra-
tions of artists that exceeded the national
average. The leading artist occupational
group in Dallas/Fort Worth in number of
members was that of the designers (6,027)
followed by painters, sculptors, craft
artists, and artist printmakers with 2,721,
musicians/composers with 2,428, and archi-
tects with 2,309.
Nassau and Suffolk counties in the state
of New York comprised a new SMSA in 19 80
(they were formerly part of the New
York City SMSA). Its 16,561 artists con-
stituted 1.35 percent of its civilian
labor force and made it the tenth largest
SMSA in the nation in terms of artists.
Designers were the most numerous artist
occupational group with 6,243. Painters,
sculptors, craft artists, and artist print-
makers were second (and substantially more
numerous than any of the remaining artist
occupations) with 3,0 33. The designer and
painter... groups comprised well over half
of the artist population in the Nassau/
Suffolk SMSA.
Among the SMSAs smaller than the top sixty,
the greatest proportion of artists in the
civilian labor force was found in Norwalk
(2.52 percent), Stamford (2.09 percent),
Santa Cruz (2.04 percent), Bloomington
(1.93 percent), Lawrence (1.60 percent),
Ann Arbor (1.59 percent), Santa Barbara/
Santa Marie (1.56 percent), Anchorage (1.48
percent), and Albuquerque (1.46 percent) .
The Bellingham, Danbury, Madison, and Reno
SMSAs all had artist populations that con-
stituted 1.4 5 percent of their labor force.
Norwalk had the greatest proportion of
artists in its civilian labor force of all
U.S. SMSAs in 1980 — exceeding the New York
City SMSA's 2.45 percent. A large part of
the Norwalk resident artist population
may indeed be employed in New York City,
but this cannot be determined from Census
data.
43
APPENDIX
Artist population of states and major
cities 1980
The table that follows shows the number of
artists living in each of the fifty states,
the District of Columbia, and the 318
Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas
(SMSAs) recognized in the 1980 Census.
Numbers are provided for all eleven artist
occupations. The 19 70 Census estimates of
the total number of artists in each state
are also shown in the table.
Some SMSAs encompass counties in several
states. The figures for these SMSAs are
repeated in the table under each of the
relevant states. It should be noted that
the artist population in each state is dif-
ferent from the sum of the SMSAs in the
state: some artists live in rural areas,
towns, and cities that are not part of the
SMSAs and the SMSA figures will include
artists from more than one state when SMSA
boundaries cross state lines. Numbers too
small to be meaningful (fewer than ten
artists) are represented in the table by
an asterisk (* ) .
45
Appendix
1970
1980
State, SMSA
Civilian
labor force
% artists
in civilian
labor force
% U.S.
artists
Number
of artists
Civilian
labor force
% artists
in civilian
labor force
% U.S.
artists
number
of artists
1,243,141
.64
1.08
7,965
1,634,743
.72
1.08
11,779
Alabama
46,833
.71
.03
332
Anniston
374,193
.92
.32
3,442
Birmingham
89,599
.66
.05
590
Columbus (AL, GA )
59,122
.57
.03
339
Florence
42,033
.47
.02
197
Gadsden
137,601
.99
.13
1,364
Huntsville
185,985
.82
.14
1,528
Mobile
116,171
1.00
.11
1,165
Montgomery
58,146
.80
.04
466
Tuscaloosa
97,875
.73
.10
710
182,679
1.18
.20
2,148
Alaska
84,773
1.48
.12
1,252
Anchorage
639,009
1.03
.90
6,597
1,186,832
1.18
1.29
14,023
Arizona
701,242
1.25
.81
8,777
Phoenix
235,430
1.49
.32
3,512
Tucson
685,947
.49
.45
3,344
940,880
.58
.50
5,468
Arkansas
79,737
.72
.05
575
Fayetteville-
Springdale
85,774
.60
.05
512
Fort Smith (AR, OK)
183,369
.89
.15
1,635
Little Rock-North
Little Rock
405,187
.99
.37
3,997
Memphis (AR, MS, TN )
36,289
.58
.02
209
Pine Bluff
52,489
.56
.03
293
Texarkana
7,960,651
1.36
14.71
108,437
11,386,075
1.55
16.24
176,321
California
1,016,754
1.45
1.35
14,704
Anaheim-Santa Ana-
Garden Grove
175,679
.66
.11
1,153
Bakersf ield
59,755
1.10
.06
656
Chico
235,077
.83
.18
1,960
Fresno
3,694,683
2.10
7.16
77,768
Los Angeles-
Long Beach
121,256
.56
.06
677
Modesto
249,037
1.24
.28
3,081
Oxnard-Simi Valley-
Ventura
48,754
.83
.04
404
Redding
656,355
.79
.48
5,173
Riverside- San
Bernardino-Ontario
480,697
1.14
.50
5,468
Sacramento
124,740
1.26
.14
1,570
Sal inas-Seaside-
Mon terey
46
Artist population of states and major cities
Archi tec ts
Teachers
(higher ed)
Authors
Designers
Musicians/
composers
Actors/
directors
Painters. .
Photo-
graphers
Dancers
Announcers
Artists
n. e. c.
1,145
389
117
4.
,256
1
,468
290
1
,213
1
,120
74
1,174
533
11
*
*
96
85
*
41
45
*
20
19
391
91
27
1.
,224
501
104
357
429
*
180
138
21
18
*
160
75
45
74
96
17
36
48
IB
16
*
106
43
*
43
32
*
50
11
39
*
*
71
33
*
*
19
*
25
*
128
33
*
421
136
39
232
134
48
129
52
199
21
27
534
144
31
237
115
*
145
68
175
18
18
427
108
32
122
101
*
111
53
17
34
17
136
83
26
16
71
*
41
25
335
70
121
363
213
149
366
200
63
205
63
222
34
71
242
89
97
173
131
53
92
48
1,786
346
498
3
,756
1
,747
609
2
,284
1
,184
218
666
929
1,252
139
242
2,
,625
1
,076
313
1
,317
740
152
337
584
404
96
150
772
432
270
554
336
57
186
255
482
170
88
1
,855
728
238
478
581
58
581
209
71
17,652
36
20
20
244
19
449
110
14
*
3,219
23
10
66
160
170
476
1,113
62
114
97
70
174
797
40
54
22
23
126
70
42
79
120
530
26
24
60
71
245
377
11
44
23
56
11,272
48,036
22,919
20,751
24,657
13,060
2,279
58
42
17
126
72
243
186
39
12
31
12
3,986
8,490
1,704
146
60
189
5,192
50
460
28
466
817
243
264
18
38
71
968
31
58
140
171
23
650
33
52
58
5,569
*
166
*
289
278
75
5,611
1,394
211
148
159
114
544
257
18,564
10,961
218
103
832
318
104
55
1,587
857
1,376
693
417
165
543
69
33
110
16,081
76
313
20
126
162
63
2,369
180
85
272
9,032
85
466
30
940
783
277
989
125
57
283
5,505
35
223
47
268
517
163
107
1,010
15
51
79
233
840
90
133
24
29
112
64
1,056
3,830
43
36
96
134
60
48
204
245
269
323
86
54
47
Appendix (continued)
1970
Civilian
labor force
% artists
in civilian
labor force
% U.S.
artists
Number
of artists
1980
Civilian
labor force
% artists
in civilian
State, SMSA
U.S.
Number
rtists
of artists
1.10
11,969
2.72
29,570
.78
8,461
.21
2,279
.17
1,874
.17
1,873
.09
1,014
.10
1,081
.06
655
.03
322
813,051
1,688,103
692,352
145,949
92,038
139,955
151,529
144,429
103,825
40,758
1.47
1.75
1.22
1.56
2.04
1.34
.67
.75
.63
.79
San Diego
San Francisco-Oakland
San Jose
Santa Barbara-
Santa Maria
Santa Cruz
Santa Rosa
Stockton
Valle jo- Fairfield-
Napa
Visalia-Tulare-
Porterville
Yuba City
859,756
1.03
1.20
8,838
1,433,731
1.25
1.65
17,930
Colorado
133,955
855,455
76,166
57,514
52,803
1.41
1.37
1.25
.77
.75
.17 1,886 8 Colorado Springs
1.08 11,749 Denver-Boulder
.09 952 | Fort Collins
.04 444 Greeley
.04 395 Pueblo
1,296,056
1.03
1.82
13,404
1,554,810
1.11
1.59
17,211
Connecticut
192,725
38,249
73,056
375,972
29,311
75,423
206,517
111,084
68,580
253,938
102,455
108,650
.94
.64
1.45
.93
.50
.60
1.20
1.02
2.52
.84
2.09
.60
.17
.02
.10
.32
.01
.04
.23
.10
.16
.20
.20
.06
1,819
245
1,056
3,485
148
456
2,485
1,129
1,728
2,136
2,13 7
648
Bridgeport
Bristol
Danbury
Hartford
Meriden
New Britain
New Haven-West Haven
New London-Norwich
(CT, RI )
Norwalk
Springf i eld-Chic opee-
Holyoke (CT, MA)
Stamford
Waterbury
218,514
.77
.23
1,681
280,437
.82
.21
2,288
Delaware
247,689
.83
19
2,064
Wilmington
(DE, MD, NJ )
346,883
1.39
.66
4,830
319,738
1.95
58
6,247
District of Columbia
1,596,466
1.56
2
30
24,979
Washington (DC, MD, VA )
48
Artist population of states and major cities
Teachers
Architects (higher ed) Authors
Musicians/ Actors/
Designers composers directors Painters.
Photo- Artists
graphers Dancers Announcers n.e.c.
1,561
214
766
3
,445
1
,588
611
1
778
906
293
287
520
4,383
572
2,029
8
,268
3
,419
1,756
4
516
2,249
454
659
1,265
773
191
454
3
,209
891
269
1
511
622
95
171
275
282
64
173
588
299
156
286
150
59
91
131
134
108
145
471
345
53
337
176
*
25
80
284
42
143
457
289
37
399
102
37
49
34
153
32
28
309
125
30
118
94
*
54
62
126
49
61
276
171
35
148
122
*
23
70
65
14
15
190
112
34
123
40
41
21
59
26
120
40
49
19
2,741
544
4,683
2,014
688
2,805
1,556
196
947
187
117
126
406
237
66
306
226
18
129
68
1,865
246
533
3,243
1,289
513
1,953
922
163
384
638
124
41
33
296
141
16
144
70
*
36
51
34
46
11
106
68
12
29
56
*
54
28
48
18
11
77
18
27
30
57
15
80
14
1,827
493
873
5,744
1,740
832
2,835
1,488
165
485
729
209
14
39
646
216
63
333
184
13
*
*
91
30
19
36
15
75
12
86
346
101
34
218
131
399
114
69
1,177
382
157
491
309
*
*
*
56
*
18
34
28
29
•
*
205
48
*
61
55
351
124
126
557
318
78
433
276
66
34
35
540
99
30
191
78
134
*
189
625
113
124
329
104
103
13 7
97
643
250
83
328
250
310
17
180
690
214
189
312
116
65
*
*
256
57
31
53
90
10
78
30
13
13
25
90
25
*
*
41
146
163
*
*
26
24
118
74
29
27
17
79
112
120
24
78
28
47
192
70
74
799
237
85
323
223
30
84
171
171
74
71
739
226
76
326
230
25
34
92
974
140
944
1,123
510
398
904
645
94
227
288
3,414
406
2,351
5,613 2,349
1,510 4,307
2,515
269
1,039
1,206
49
Appendix (continued)
1970
Civilian
labor force
% artists
in civilian % U.S.
labor force artists
Number
of artists
1980
Civilian
labor force
% artists
in civilian % U.S.
labor force artists
Number
of artists
State, SMSA
2,514,295
.99
3.39
24,960
4,217,665
1.15
4.45
48,302
Florida
56,626
102,437
456,205
82,323
40,838
70,583
324,488
140,927
121,034
781,308
46,567
333,460
39,179
115,129
77,920
81,769
647,424
249,377
1.00
1.12
1.33
1.22
1.09
1.24
.89
.70
1.03
1.37
.49
1.40
.93
.83
1.84
1.28
1.09
1.32
.05
.11
.56
.09
.04
.08
.27
.09
.12
569
1,147
6,071
1,003
445
874
2,889
993
1,249
Bradenton
Daytona Beach
Ft. Lauderdale-
Hollywood
Ft. Myers-Cape Coral
Ft. Walton Beach
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-
Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusvi lie-
Cocoa
99
10,
,713
Miami
02
226
Ocala
43
4,
,659
Orlando
03
366
Panama City
09
959
Pensacola
13
1,
,435
Sarasota
10
1,
.044
Tallahassee
65
7,
,053
Tampa-St. Petersburg
30
3,
,302
West Palm Beach-
Boca Raton
1,800,265
.65
1.60
11,776
2,481,298
.82
20,330
Georgia
49,587
.57
.03
285
Albany
61,633
1.27
.07
785
Athens
,015,933
1.16
1.09
11,805
Atlanta
140,073
.72
.09
1,010
Augusta (GA, SO
195,166
.77
.14
1,500
Chattanooga (GA, TN)
89,599
.66
.05
590
Columbus (GA, AD
110,185
.66
.07
723
Macon
97,395
.95
.09
923
Savannah
293,718
1.25
.50
3,667
435,780
1.55
.62
6,753
Hawai i
339,863
1.65
.52
5,618
Honolulu
270,875
.68
.25
1,844
416,891
.77
.30
3,207
Idaho
87,396
1.16
.09
1,011
Boise City
4,578,599
.90
5.59
41,221
5,458,785
.92
4.65
50,467
111 inois
60,403
82,603
.93
1.53
.05 561 Bloomington-Normal
.12 1,265 Champaign-Urbana-
Rantoul
50
Artist population of states and major cities
Architects
Teachers
(higher ed)
Authors
Designers
Musicians/
composers
Actors/
directors
Pa
inters. .
Photo-
graphers
Dancers
Announcers
Artists
n.e.c.
5,302
815
1
,352
14,
,102
7,713
2
,103
5
,926
4
,098
818
2
,293
3,780
49
20
*
154
98
19
114
30
*
*
80
52
12
*
308
210
75
158
147
37
45
94
566
55
202
2,
,054
919
222
607
464
101
225
656
65
11
25
341
142
26
115
100
26
92
60
36
13
*
95
100
20
81
48
25
*
18
98
51
54
160
88
45
152
120
*
59
47
394
74
49
788
503
154
342
255
47
149
134
78
21
12
312
154
44
99
80
16
84
93
151
12
67
318
222
89
153
112
12
70
43
1,455
155
258
3,334
1,
,841
498
1,080
949
150
430
563
22
*
*
51
54
*
40
20
*
16
23
508
77
79
1,053
744
220
623
429
171
210
545
*
*
*
120
66
15
74
15
11
25
25
86
25
20
239
173
47
87
84
18
77
103
123
47
69
404
194
57
234
113
*
50
144
104
80
32
276
111
87
125
103
*
99
27
639
103
187
1,907
1
,242
253
1,041
555
156
313
657
507
*
150
1,080
454
178
359
270
19
113
170
2,193
605
6,664
2,745
2,53?
1,678
220
1,236
1,080
*
*
*
140
13
*
12
33
*
35
30
57
83
36
174
96
57
83
97
22
53
27
1,604
84
441
3,769
1,568
570
1,676
970
130
379
614
89
*
*
259
178
37
119
144
10
76
81
129
55
12
552
175
52
164
200
15
56
90
21
18
*
160
75
45
74
96
17
36
48
76
24
*
136
197
23
63
95
*
79
23
102
20
40
324
120
50
96
30
14
99
28
878
154
233
1,236
1
,097
258
1
,101
603
441
241
511
765
122
182
1,082
854
202
869
554
385
207
396
491
211
126
760
306
159
370
335
30
280
139
239
42
29
226
114
61
79
93
*
81
47
5,583
1,448
1,701
17,255
5
,514
2,271
7
,382
4,929
399
1,817
2,168
29
52
13
130
62
28
95
188
35
269
152
84
13 7
59
149
66
92
34
64
51
Appendix (continued)
1970
1980
State, SMSA
Civilian
labor force
% artists
in civilian
labor force
% U.S.
artists
Number
of artists
Civilian
labor force
% artists
in civilian
labor force
% U.S.
artists
Number
of artists
3,477,007
1.08
3.46
37,536
Chicago
184,430
.68
.12
1,261
Davenport- Rock
Island-Moline
62,174
.67
.04
414
Decatur
46,211
.42
.02
192
Kankakee
172,604
.98
.16
1,688
Peoria
139,285
.67
.09
932
Rockf ord
1,105,191
.91
.92
10,035
St. Louis (IL, MO)
96,389
.76
.07
731
Springfield
2,096,863
.62
1.76
12,941
2,566,755
.68
1.61
17,439
Indiana
62,656
.57
.03
356
Anderson
47,497
1.93
.08
919
Bloomington
648,281
1.02
.61
6,605
Cincinnati
(IN, KY, OH)
68,418
.63
.04
434
Elkhart
145,567
.77
.10
1,119
Evansville (IN, KY )
187,061
.82
.14
1,529
Fort Wayne
290,171
.49
.13
1,417
Gary-Hammond-
East Chicago
571,132
.83
.44
4,761
Indianapolis
49,017
.40
.02
195
Kokomo
59,080
.92
.05
546
Lafayette-
West Lafayette
426,122
.96
.38
4,087
Louisville (IN, KY )
59,068
.92
.05
542
Muncie
13 4,03 9
.94
.12
1,255
South Bend
78,996
.74
.05
586
Terre Haute
1,124,485
.62
.94
6,917
1,373,914
.68
.87
9,395
Iowa
87,169
.84
.07
729
Cedar Rapids
184,430
.68
.12
1,261
Davenport- Rock
Island-Moline
(IA, IL)
176,888
.97
.16
1,716
Des Moines
44,354
.70
.03
310
Dubuque
45,531
1.30
.05
591
Iowa City
271,194
.95
.24
2,575
Omaha (IA, NE )
54,437
.72
.04
391
Sioux City
66,122
1.09
.07
723
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
884,436
.79
.95
7,031
1,123,496
.83
.87
9,377
Kansas
668,175
1.07
.66
7,156
Kansas City (KS, MO)
34,129
1.60
.05
547
Lawrence
93,249
.85
.07
788
Topeka
Artist population of states and major cities
Architects
Teachers
(higher ed)
Authors
Designers
Musicians/
composers
Actors/
directors
Painters. .
Photo-
graphers
Dancers
Announcers
Artists
n.e.c.
4,646
674
1,438
12,945
3
,763
1,839
5,903
3,495
348
916
1,569
119
39
34
477
120
76
13 4
129
22
66
45
53
*
*
131
89
*
39
60
*
20
*
12
14
*
77
28
*
16
16
*
*
14
204
84
36
474
185
58
252
215
*
80
94
70
18
24
367
164
37
118
86
*
20
28
1,288
224
301
3,009
1
,361
322
1,717
1,060
22
359
372
126
19
25
202
62
30
63
124
*
61
17
1,313
717
333
6,287
2
,234
645
2,212
1,596
288
1,101
713
18
13
*
101
90
*
66
30
*
20
*
48
195
56
159
169
88
69
46
*
34
48
730
174
104
2,204
964
234
957
615
86
191
346
12
21
*
190
42
*
80
15
*
22
40
64
19
30
447
103
46
144
102
30
95
39
142
19
14
657
165
70
237
78
29
87
31
135
32
*
526
150
52
194
130
33
45
113
453
119
71
1,680
625
171
669
525
85
214
149
17
*
*
99
*
*
21
*
23
*
*
23
27
18
172
95
38
61
46
13
32
21
311
48
76
1,215
783
262
496
347
98
13 9
312
17
117
*
131
104
*
73
28
15
32
17
104
32
41
405
191
49
146
13 6
13
102
36
22
42
*
188
40
32
58
58
*
105
26
796
522
236
2,995
1
,112
495
1,210
790
103
832
304
29
25
11
274
88
44
96
64
*
82
16
119
39
34
477
120
76
13 4
129
22
66
45
253
23
41
508
13 5
125
283
115
52
114
67
48
24
*
84
31
33
23
25
*
35
*
54
112
56
88
113
*
52
38
*
36
35
396
43
50
699
344
153
389
294
48
74
85
13
12
13
113
63
53
48
33
*
43
*
35
66
*
254
105
25
82
60
*
74
22
1,169
479
252
2,763
904
367
1,280
975
38
706
444
934
178
245
2,139
886
274
1,302
578
78
211
331
56
68
25
147
72
21
53
86
*
15
*
13 9
*
*
188
74
33
124
117
*
55
41
53
Appendix (continued)
1970
Civilian
labor force
% artists
in civilian % U.S.
labor force artists
Number
of artists
1980
Civilian
labor force
% artists
in civilian % U.S. Number
labor force artists of artists
State, SMSA
208,739
.95
.18
1,980
Wichita
1,136,328
.60
.93
6,863
1,517,653
.96
10,446
Kentucky
648,
,281
1
.02
.61
6
,605
Cincinnati
(KY, IN, OH)
52,
,009
.43
.02
226
Clarksville-
Hopkinsville (KY,
TN)
145,
,567
.77
.10
1
,119
Evansville (KY, IN)
122.
,305
.60
.07
735
Huntington- Ashland
(KY, OH, WV)
155
,635
1
.09
.16
1
,696
Lexington- Fayette
426
,122
.96
.38
4
,087
Louisville (KY, IN)
38
,989
.55
.02
215
Owensboro
1,217,334
.66
1.09
8,019
1,744,102
.74
1.18
12,825
Louisiana
57,352
.70
.04
404
Alexandria
221,779
.88
.18
1,955
Baton Rouge
71,508
1.20
.08
858
Lafayette
74,063
.58
.04
429
Lake Charles
57,648
1.03
.05
594
Monroe
524,375
.96
.47
5,056
New Orleans
167,233
.76
.18
1,273
Shreveport
380,993
.57
.29
2,171
497,401
.76
.35
3,790
39,656
.92
.03
364
Bangor
34,071
.52
.02
178
Lewis ton- Auburn
89,073
1.07
.09
951
Portland
77,155
.91
.06
699
Portsmouth- Dove:
Rochester (ME, NH )
1,586,218
1.08
2.33
17,135
2,065,512
1.02
1.93
20,990
Maryland
1,041,954
.94
.90
9,752
Baltimore
43,412
.55
.02
237
Cumberland
51,310
.70
.03
360
Hagerstown
1,596,466
1.56
2.30
24,979
Washington
(MD , DC ,
VA)
247,689
.83
.19
2,064
Wilmington
NJ)
(DE,
MD
2,385,146
.99
3.91
23,499
2,816,374
1.14
2.97
32,223
Massachusetts
,399
,302
1
.49
1.92
20
,839
Boston
79
,262
.61
.04
481
Brockton
82,
,554
.52
.04
429
Fall River (MA, RI )
47,
,889
.61
.03
294
Fitch burg-Ledminster
54
Artist population of states and major cities
Architects
Teachers
(higher ed )
Authors
Designers
Musicians/
composers
Actors/
directors
Pa
inters. .
Photo-
graphers
Dancers
Announcers
Artists
n.e.c.
265
'94
34
508
171
98
311
261
12
148
78
776
323
169
3
,284
1
,666
409
1
,060
1
,054
189
873
643
730
174
104
2
,204
964
234
957
615
86
191
346
21
15
*
42
43
*
36
20
*
37
12
64
19
30
447
103
46
144
102
30
95
39
33
26
11
306
95
63
38
66
18
58
21
237
75
36
508
221
58
146
198
25
98
94
311
48
76
1
,215
783
262
496
347
98
13 9
312
20
12
*
56
27
*
*
42
*
42
11
1,533
477
324
3
,656
1
,892
488
1
,357
1
,274
124
990
710
71
*
23
98
94
*
24
41
*
15
20
361
106
67
636
189
57
157
206
21
100
55
100
77
21
212
56
34
53
131
*
93
77
48
12
*
118
43
20
*
43
*
88
50
33
17
*
208
104
18
44
47
*
91
32
681
106
145
1
,278
799
223
768
471
65
220
300
67
25
20
416
232
73
136
126
25
121
32
354
127
253
944
548
148
583
379
19
279
156
30
33
32
38
37
17
50
43
*
63
21
25
*
*
49
22
11
12
17
*
19
23
93
12
32
263
137
30
152
93
17
84
38
57
16
23
247
125
20
75
59
*
31
46
2,242
469
864
5
,750
2
,589
1,024
3
,575
2
,097
297
835
1,248
1,042
242
302
2
,861
1
,289
455
1
,637
957
141
336
490
*
24
*
82
58
13
10
17
*
17
*
19
*
*
168
46
17
49
28
*
*
13
3,414
406
2,351
5
,613
2
,349
1,510
4
,307
2
,515
269
1,039
1,206
171
74
71
739
226
76
326
230
25
34
92
3,815
1,078
1,525
10,089
4,257
1,377
4,78
2,818
218
846
1,412
2,860
14
55
618
10
1,140
6,227
2,
804
177
86
123
85
126
49
1,019
12
2,834
1,775
87
74
51
50
62
12
176
516
22
870
19
19
29
55
Appendix (continued)
1970
Civilian
labor force
1980
% artists
in civilian % U.S. Number
labor force artists of artists
% artists
State, SMSA
Civilian
labor force
in civilian
labor force
% U.S.
artists
Number
of artists
136,597
.78
.10
1,060
Lawrence-Haverhill
(MA, NH)
114,576
.68
.07
778
Lowell (MA, NH)
78,583
.65
.05
508
New Bedford
43,145
.72
.03
311
Pittsf ield
453,213
.94
.39
4,261
Providence-Warwick-
Pawtucket
253,938
.84
.20
2,136
Springf ield-Chicopee-
Holyoke (MA, CT)
180,369
.69
.11
1,245
Worcester
3,442,453
.86
4.02
29,660
4,211,997
3.40
36,888
Michigan
137,866
1.59
.20
2,188
Ann Arbor
84,218
.56
.04
468
Battle Creek
53,294
.50
.02
268
Bay City
77,575
.75
.05
581
Benton Harbor
2,006,556
.99
1.84
19,942
Detroit
230,581
.66
.14
1,512
Flint
293,893
.97
.26
2,859
Grand Rapids
66,988
.87
.05
594
Jackson
134,464
.96
.12
1,296 Kalamazoo-Portage
227,445
.94
.20
2,140
Lansing-East Lansing
77,824
.60
.04
466
Muskegon-Norton Shor
Muskegon Heights
97,942
.59
.05
577
Saginaw
363,424
.76
.25
2,755
Toledo (MI, OH)
1,525,010
1.76
12,967
1,993,352
.98
1.80
19,512
Minnesota
116,562
69,822
43,307
1,120,236
49,541
74,682
.85
1.05
.75
1.27
.82
.63
.09 992 Duluth-Superior
(MN, WI )
.07 734 Fargo-Moorehead
(MN, ND)
.03 325 Grand Forks (MN, ND)
1.31 14,219 Minneapolis-St. Paul
.04 405 Rochester
.04 471 St. Cloud
752,966
.50
.52
3,826
1,009,374
.61
.57
6,155
Mississippi
71,281
.83
.05
592
Biloxi-Gulfport
149,179
1.07
.15
1,593
Jackson
405,187
.99
.37
3,997
Memphis (MS, AR,
TN)
50,159
.59
.03
296
Pascagoula-
Moss Point
1,839,567
.77
1.93
14,199
2,259,764
.84
1.75
18,951
56
Artist population of states and major cities
Teachers
Architects (higher ed ) Authors
Musicians/ Actors/
Designers composers directors Painters.
Photo-
graphers Dancers
Artists
Announcers n.e.c.
76
32
17
470
124
16
179
82
58
30
12
*
316
13 3
32
10
11
169
56
12
19
18
88
35
316
111
146
1,783
470
22
204
122
74
100
44
58
31
540
348
20
21
42
37
36
29
15
59
164
103
137
97
643
250
83
328
250
13
112
120
438
175
64
204
110
25
72
3,170
757
14,786
4,640
1,217
4,699
3,384
153
1,661
1,543
347
143
92
609
284
109
324
152
10
16
12
160
70
20
92
58
24
*
10
79
57
*
37
30
19
34
36
261
73
*
65
38
1,772
208
298
8,918
2,316
554
2,610
1,749
96
16
27
558
227
61
102
162
255
76
53
969
432
121
427
314
34
18
*
305
53
11
42
31
89
106
29
411
181
66
178
132
186
125
66
691
313
107
221
156
37
*
*
178
65
24
42
42
57
*
*
257
77
12
53
72
202
117
20
923
418
126
333
280
12
113
59
57
21
*
13
*
34
19
534
870
188
69
103
101
44
43
63
41
175
100
37
34
13
23
216
111
1,982
688
6,083
2,736
3,060
1,783
149
894
726
78
82
11
173
180
55
125
103
181
106
54
12
147
132
68
54
78
69
14
27
28
*
87
53
*
30
32
*
46
22
1,703
338
528
4,572
1,972
611
2,417
1,177
114
267
520
30
*
13
177
29
12
17
64
*
34
29
33
31
*
152
84
14
34
49
*
61
*
470
255
82
2,069
899
208
570
540
82
679
301
60
*
13
183
105
*
88
39
20
37
35
183
78
19
440
221
100
158
166
30
125
73
449
110
66
1,113
79.7
70
530
377
56
243
186
*
*
10
13 8
34
*
40
27
*
20
22
1,945
618
590
5,720
2,493
695
2,968
1,934
76
1,085
827
57
Appendix (continued)
HH^^^H
1970
Civilian
labor force
% artists
in civilian
labor force
% U.S.
artists
Number
of artists
1980
Civilian
labor force
% artists
in civilian
labor force
% U.S.
artists
Number
of artists
State, SMSA
53,147
1.00
.05
531
Columbia
56,318
.70
.04
393
Jopl in
668,175
1.07
.66
7,156
Kansas City (MO, KS )
45,433
.75
.03
343
St. Joseph
1
,105,191
.91
.92
10,03 5
St. Louis (MO, ID
96,535
1.24
.11
1,199
Springfield
259,612
.72
.25
1,857
357,846
.83
.27
2,966
Montana
52,956
1.00
.05
529
Billings
35,469
.97
.03
345
Great Falls
591,148
.69
.55
4,068
744,195
.76
.52
5,666
Nebraska
105,267
1.00
.13
1,381
Lincoln
271,194
.95
.24
2,575
Omaha (NE, IA )
54,437
.72
.04
391
Sioux City (NE, Ift )
208,368
1.48
.42
3,078
423,688
1.54
.60
6,507
Nevada
240,320
1.82
.40
4,373
Las Vegas
113,673
1.45
.15
1,645
Reno
304,279
.81
.34
2,474
454,430
.83
.35
3,751
New Hampshire
136,597
.78
.10
1,060
Lawrence- Haverhill
(NH, MA)
114,576
.68
.07
778
Lowell (NH, MA)
82,525
.75
.06
622
Manchester
58,730
.82
.04
482
Nashua
77,155
.91
.06
699
Portsmouth-Dover-
Rochester (NH, ME)
2,966,177
.97
3.89
28,686
3
,523,255
1.04
3.36
36,510
New Jersey
303,659
.75
.21
2,281
Allentown-Bethlehem-
Easton (NJ, PA)
90,574
.94
.08
848
Atlantic City
262,788
.76
.21
2,002
Jersey City
230,408
1.11
.24
2,556
Long Branch-Asbury
Park
307,623
.88
.25
2,695
New Brunswick-Perth
Amboy-Sayreville
4
,198,263
2.45
9.48
102,954
New York (NJ, NY)
964,013
1.02
.91
9,834
Newark
215,035
.96
.19
2,054
Patterson-Clifton-
Passaic
2
,156,231
1.06
2.10
22,834
Philadelphia
(NJ, PA)
151,611
1.25
.17
1,894
Trenton
58
Artist population of states and major cities
Teachers
Architects (higher ed) Authors
Musicians/ Actors/ Photo-
Designers composers directors Painters... graphers Dancers
Artists
Announcers n.e.c.
39
54
*
129
89
41
26
69
*
56
28
17
18
15
130
75
10
48
30
*
39
11
934
178
245
2,139
886
274
1,302
578
78
211
331
18
*
16
102
39
*
42
75
*
14
22
1,288
224
301
3,009
1,361
322
1,717
1,060
22
359
372
100
80
21
327
161
64
160
98
*
122
66
373
110
157
565
330
162
534
307
33
291
104
106
12
*
126
61
30
87
67
*
29
11
38
*
13
78
31
*
101
13
*
64
*
597
192
117
1,643
768
281
737
675
43
433
180
162
69
27
369
200
98
177
122
*
101
56
396
43
50
699
344
153
389
294
48
74
85
13
12
13
113
63
53
48
33
*
43
*
390
93
255
1,143
1,750
301
502
573
568
259
673
185
24
137
703
1,286
254
285
404
484
155
456
149
57
69
308
356
47
193
112
78
65
211
265
119
209
1,357
426
50
687
230
*
180
228
76
32
17
470
124
16
179
82
30 12 *
38 35 17
28 13 17
57 16 23
316
221
262
247
133
74
35
125
22 122
* 99
* 62
20 75
74
64
14
59
21
42
36
32
22
20
31
46
3,057
621
1,370
13,728
4,481
1,785
5,602
3,134
459
1,648
157
57
80
996
256
74
265
205
96
89
14
*
220
244
30
108
64
14
11
54
100
25
70
764
191
233
293
194
34
20
78
177
38
86
943
311
84
403
232
15
45
222
255
56
91
1,061
324
91
385
189
83
52
108
6,109
1,168
8,084
31,653
12,340
13
,824
15,640
7,342
2,439
1,070
3,285
774
161
412
4,043
1,111
471
1,466
751
120
129
396
138
*
57
697
247
133
433
243
15
23
61
2,481
602
839
7,844
2,771
729
3,749
1,958
304
585
972
321
119
127
496
244
47
309
131
12
26
62
59
Appendix (continued)
1970
Civilian
labor force
% artists
in civilian % U.S. Number
labor force artists of artists
1980
Civilian
labor force
% artists
in civilian % U.S. Number
labor force artists of artists
State, SMSA
58,36
247,689
.49
.83
.03
.19
284
2,064
Vineland-Millville-
Bridgeton
Wilmington
(NJ, DE, MD)
340,260
1.04
.48
3,553
547,074
1.19
.60
6,505
New Mexico
210,915
1.46
.28
3,075
Albuquerque
37,816
1.40
.05
531
Las Cruces
7,399,632
1.46
14.64
107,916
8,012,824
1.73
12.75
138,424
New York
372,
.859
.98
.33
3,637
Albany-Schenectady-
Troy
139,
,538
.94
.12
1,315
Binghamton (NY, PA)
570,
.566
.72
.38
4,132
Buffalo
42,
.846
.67
.03
285
Elmira
46,
,474
.63
.03
291
Glens Falls
,228,
,582
1
.35
1.53
16,561
Nassau-Suffolk
,198,
,263
2
.45
9.48
102,954
New York (NY, NJ )
111,
,526
.91
.09
1,018
Newburgh-Middletown
112,
,243
1
.06
.11
1,187
Poughkeepsie
467,
,389
1
.00
.43
4,673
Rochester
296,
,548
.96
.26
2,845
Syracuse
135,
,878
.70
.09
956
Utica-Rome
2,049,090
.62
1.72
12,640
2,759,197
.75
1.89
20,561
North Carolina
82
,717
.89
52,
,056
.75
333
,565
1.14
79
,459
.78
424
,002
.95
69
,826
.66
29
,055
.69
323
,677
.95
276,247
1.16
94,059
.57
62,563
.62
07
736
Asheville
04
393
Burl ington
35
3
,804
Charlotte-Gastonia
06
617
Payetteville
37
4
,03 7
Greensboro- Wins ton
Salem-High Point
04
462
Hickory
02
200
Jacksonville
28
3
,087
Norfolk- Virginia
Beach- Portsmouth
(NC, VA)
30
3
,228
Raleigh- Durham
05
536
Salisbury-Concord
04
391
Wilmington
213,650
.54
.16
1,155
288,011
.68
.16
1,972
North Dakota
40,355
69,822
43,307
.90
1.05
.75
.03
.07
.03
365 Bismarck
734 Fargo-Moorehead
(ND, MN)
325 Grand Forks (ND, MN )
60
Artist population of states and major cities
Teachers
Architects (higher ed ) Authors
Musicians/ Actors/
Designers composers directors Painters.
Photo-
graphers Dancers
Artists
Announcers n.e.c.
126
19
40
20
171
74
71
739
226
76
326
230
25
34
92
683
239
335
693
255
1,514
554
27
392
391
79
115
152
755
354
126
555
244
42
30
25
52
99
20
61
28
27
205
17
163
157
8,691
2,195
,361
43,833
16,836
15,180
21,274
10,539
2,600
2,690
5,225
590
70
463
200
408
355
146
162
37
32
33
549
205
50
172
149
*
46
38
296
145
42
1,251
729
143
591
316
57
290
272
23
*
*
123
27
18
43
38
*
13
*
11
16
16
84
36
*
28
43
*
25
23
1,286
142
694
6,243
1,664
686
3,033
1,526
62
328
897
6,109
1,168
8,084
31,653
12,340
13,824
15,640
7,342
2,439
1,070
3,285
56
19
68
323
135
46
146
111
*
34
71
64
24
101
457
123
37
229
67
*
26
59
276
179
123
1,821
638
194
633
474
24
105
206
276
157
56
919
360
13 5
356
257
16
205
108
73
24
17
354
139
29
127
74
10
75
34
1,909
834
513
7,472
2,652
712
1,987
1,928
185
1,551
818
91
35
45
177
153
*
76
83
*
28
33
*
12
14
122
61
*
66
49
*
32
37
530
91
70
1,475
457
138
342
447
11
154
89
42
15
*
148
144
21
50
52
35
57
48
245
181
72
1,493
540
211
368
425
62
256
184
63
19
12
213
56
*
*
30
*
58
*
*
13
*
71
28
*
*
12
28
29
13
404
47
51
1,013
515
195
328
215
48
208
63
376
13 3
111
1,084
383
117
415
279
29
192
109
17
17
13
229
69
*
102
38
*
25
13
83
*
22
105
42
*
30
48
*
34
20
224
120
18
447
287
113
146
190
*
334
93
31
10
*
98
65
19
43
38
*
50
11
106
54
12
147
132
68
54
78
*
69
14
27
28
87
53
30
32
61
Appendix (continued)
1970
Civilian
labor force
1980
% artists
in civilian % U.S. Number Civilian
labor force artists of artists labor force
% artists
in civilian % U.S. Number
labor force artists of artists
State, SMSA
4,221,948
.77
4.40
32,378
4,953,353
.80
3.66
39,768
Ohio
309,580
184,086
648,281
905,390
534,045
382,649
117,262
122,305
99,450
123,677
60,200
55,600
70,025
81,975
66,732
363,424
78,173
235,866
.96
.69
1.02
.97
1.01
.91
.65
.60
.54
.60
.64
.52
.55
.67
.62
.76
.50
.62
.27
.12
.61
.81
.50
.32
.07
.07
.05
.07
.04
.03
.04
.05
.04
.25
.04
.13
2,968
1,275
6,605
8,754
5,400
3,499
768
73 5
541
740
387
290
385
546
412
2,755
393
1,462
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
(OH, KY, IN)
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton
Hamilton-Middle town
Huntington- Ashland
(OH, KY, WV)
Lima
Lorain-Elyria
Mansfield
Newark
Parkersburg-Marietta
(OH, WV)
Springfield
Steubenville-Weirton
(OH, WV)
Toledo (OH, MI)
Wheeling (OH, WV )
Youngs town-Warren
965,542
.71
.93
6,884
1,343,066
.77
.95
10,308
28,598
85,774
38,050
404,179
332,784
.68
.60
.81
.98
.93
Oklahoma
.02 194 Enid
.05 512 Fort Smith (OK, AR)
.03 309 Lawton
.36 3,955 Oklahoma City
.28 3,093 Tulsa
834,739
.84
6,978
1,241,025
1.06
1.21
13,157
Oregon
130,
,671
1.27
.15
1,664
Eugene- Springfield
58,
,551
1.08
.06
634
Medford
620,
,755
1.25
.71
7,748
Portland (OR, WA )
112,
,409
.79
.08
889
Salem
4,699,617
.75
4.77
35,137
5,358,609
.81
3.99
43,363
Pennsylvania
303,659
.75
.21
2,281
All en town- Bethlehem-
Easton
57,904
.64
.03
372
Altoona
139,538
.94
.12
1,315
Binghamton (PA, NY)
127,456
.64
.08
819
Erie
62
Artist population of states and major cities
Architects
Teachers
(higher ed)
Authors
Designers
Musicians/
composers
Actors/
directors
Painters. .
Photo-
graphers
Dancers
Announcers
Artists
n.e.c.
3,505
1,186
797
13,949
5,
424
1.
,275
5,373
4,211
383
1,843
1,822
271
138
47
931
341
107
431
336
91
83
192
68
41
31
492
134
*
229
161
14
67
33
730
174
104
2,204
964
234
957
615
86
191
346
1,005
163
202
3,079
1,
,075
293
1,418
784
84
306
345
642
176
136
1,737
831
152
656
534
65
218
253
143
69
73
1,231
501
172
475
386
46
259
144
45
38
29
278
116
23
61
97
*
46
35
33
26
11
306
95
63
38
66
18
58
21
48
18
*
228
86
10
21
69
*
37
23
50
46
10
322
107
*
79
73
*
37
16
13
*
*
138
49
*
92
55
*
*
10
15
*
14
121
20
*
26
42
*
18
22
30
13
*
145
60
20
31
49
*
28
*
25
36
*
222
61
*
86
66
*
28
15
11
*
*
128
82
*
32
47
*
*
92
202
117
20
923
418
126
333
280
*
216
111
*
*
*
103
65
11
28
73
*
63
40
71
32
27
554
270
41
139
190
12
49
77
882
394
293
3,321
1
,314
350
1,448
1,053
72
823
358
20
*
*
78
16
*
28
16
*
13
22
20
20
*
170
70
23
79
71
*
42
17
32
14
12
97
58
*
53
16
*
21
*
381
219
151
1,206
498
145
584
405
35
232
99
322
36
62
941
447
134
505
284
29
226
107
1,753
448
566
3,787
1
,621
529
1,910
1,203
118
706
516
270
82
107
420
171
57
200
159
*
138
55
78
15
24
136
56
72
86
45
*
75
42
1,151
174
319
2,379
938
325
1,077
648
101
273
363
75
44
. 30
306
132
20
130
106
*
26
20
4,380
1,279
1,237
14,981
5
,892
1
,461
6,376
3,859
304
1,793
1,801
996
256
74
265
205
96
41
10
*
101
68
15
49
24
37
32
33
549
205
50
172
149
46
35
20
307
91
59
97
95
57
46
47
38
22
63
Appendix (continued)
■■ ■■
1970
Civilian
labor force
% artists
in civilian
labor force
% U.S.
artists
Number
of artists
1980
Civilian
labor force
% artists
in civilian
labor force
% U.S.
artists
Number
of artists
State, SMSA
217,336
.77
.15
1,671
Harrisburg
104,246
.45
.04
469
Johnstown
179,281
.78
.13
1,393
Lancaster
280,978
.68
.18
1,907
Northeast
Pennsylvania
2,156,231
1.06
2.10
22,834
Philadelphia
(PA, NJ)
1,013,903
.83
.78
8,444
Pittsburgh
154,261
.71
.10
1,100
Reading
54,738
.54
.03
295
Sharon
50,103
1.30
.06
652
State College
53,740
.64
.03
346
Williamsport
188,649
.70
.12
1,325
York
387,256
.81
.42
3,124
459,146
.99
.42
4,527
Rhode Island
82,554
.52
.04
429
Fall River (RI, MA)
111,084
1.02
.10
1,129
New London-Norwich
(RI, CT)
453,213
.94
.39
4,261
P ro vide nee- Warwick-
Pawtucket (RI, MA)
987,979
.53
.71
5,209
1,405,262
.68
.88
9,526
South Carolina
64,745
.42
.03
275
Anderson
140,073
.72
.09
1,010
Augusta
177,400
.74
.12
1,315
Charles ton- North
Charleston
194,987
1.02
.18
2,001
Columbia
49,157
.51
.02
250
Florence
275,775
.82
.21
2,272
Greenville-
Spartanburg
52,218
.53
.03
279
Rock Hill
248,468
.58
.19
1,435
312,022
.63
.18
1,974
South Dakota
55,783
.95
.05
529
Sioux Falls
1,519,880
.70
1.43
10,607
2,067,882
.86
1.63
17,714
Tennessee
195,166
.77
.14
1,500
Chattanooga (TN, GA )
52,009
.43
.02
226
Clarksville-
Hopkinsville
(TN, KY)
189,252
.70
.12
1,328
Johnson City-
Kingsport- Bristol
(TN, VA)
219,646
1.12
.23
2,453
Knoxville
405,187
.99
.37
3,997
Memphis (TN, AR, MS)
418,370
1.35
.52
5,655
Nashvi lie- Davidson
64
Artist population of states and major cities
i
Teachers
Musicians/
Actors/
Ph
DtO~
Artists
Architects
(higher
ed)
Authors
Designers
composers
directors
Pa
inters. .
graphers
Dancers
Announcers
n
e.c.
226
25
46
520
168
49
264
130
*
118
125
51
*
*
148
68
13
44
78
*
52
*
118
27
23
527
220
60
217
82
*
81
38
179
64
12
529
433
29
238
225
*
126
72
2,481
602
839
7,844
2,771
729
3,749
1,956
304
972
826
191
188
3,117
1,270
68
29
21
441
197
29
14
*
108
59
58
108
*
101
93
*
*
17
159
37
139
24
44
571
168
344
51
23
,129
696
147
108
14
32
82
67
43
16
209
99
75
255
353
53
30
31
*
52
33
42
26
31
17
306
114
166
489
197
626
430
13
174
171
55
66
316
34
111
*
123
85
12
51
50
35
540
99
30
191
78
146
1,783
470
204
540
348
20
22
29
159
19
27
164
1,115
436
338
3,090
1,131
340
946
936
43
777
374
41
*
*
94
50
*
*
36
89
*
*
259
178
37
119
144
213
44
30
378
236
46
154
129
233
161
112
471
263
93
200
193
24
23
32
101
10
*
18
13
295
81
55
869
180
83
247
221
10
14
21
12
76
81
46
32
92
74
*
23
55
72
12 9
21
55
15
75
62
26
23
33
12
552
42
175
43
52
164
36
200
20
15
28
56
37
23
127
176
100
386
303
165
178
211
*
260
68
60
43
16
88
116
44
53
33
*
70
*
1,581
474
286
4,929
3,826
548
2,138
1,816
152
1,174
790
90
12
87
72
403
149
94
142
209
15
120
37
345
69
88
649
399
114
347
218
28
110
86
449
110
66
1,113
797
70
530
377
56
243
186
393
76
112
1,169
2,013
190
611
541
36
215
299
65
Appendix (continued)
1970
Civilian
labor force
% artists
in civilian % U.S.
labor force artists
Number
of artists
1980
Civilian
labor force
% artists
in civilian % U.S. Number
labor force artists of artists
State, SMSA
4,284,702
.82
4.75
34,969
6,574,676
.94
5.69
61,802
Texas
61,189
.78
.04
480
Abilene
86,536
.95
.08
818
Amarillo
270,060
1.63
.41
4
,413
Austin
168,154
.63
.10
1
,064
Beaumont-Port Arthur
77,405
.51
.04
396
Brownsville-
Harlingen-
San Benito
41,756
.97
.04
403
Bryan-College
Station
143,867
.81
.11
1
,166
Corpus Christi
1,535,145
1.21
1.71
18
,618
Dallas-Ft. Worth
181,867
.93
.16
1
,692
El Paso
96,043
.61
.05
590
Galveston-Texas City
1,499,469
1.07
1.48
16
,050
Houston
68,307
.50
.03
340
Killeen-Temple
35,451
.47
.02
165
; Laredo
69,991
.74
.05
519
Longvi erf-Mar shall
101,520
.98
.09
998
Lubbock
104,940
.47
.05
490
McAllen-Pharr-
Edinburg
42,577
.76
.03
324
Midland
57,371
.63
.03
363
Odessa
39,996
.60
.02
241
San Angelo
439,068
1.07
.43
4
,684
San Antonio
42,195
.54
.02
227
Sherman-Denison
52,489
.56
.03
293
Texarkana (TX, AR )
60,602
.65
.04
393
Tyler
32,269
.57
.02
134
Victoria
76,798
.94
.07
722
Waco
57,315
.91
.05
522
Wichita Falls
397,533
.92
.50
3,659
619,738
.95
.54
5,85£
Utah
82,642
417,508
1.09
1.02
.08 898 Provo-Orem
.39 4,267 Salt Lake City-Ogden
174,459
.92
.22
1,600
242,456
.98
.22
2,366
Vermont
56,720
1.07
.06
609
Burlington
1,761,812
.87
2.07
15,253
2,471,158
1.00
2.28
24,775
Virginia
56,055
1.29
.07
725
Charlottesville
53,063
.51
.03
272
Danville
66
Artist population of states and major cities
Teachers
Architects (higher ed ) Authors
Musicians/ Actors/
Designers composers directors Painters.
7,775
1,571
1,487
20,581
7,717
2,445
8,419
Photo-
graphers Dancers
Artists
Announcers n.e.c.
5,582
713
3,267
2,245
19
63
14
187
45
*
44
60
10
30
*
92
19
31
185
133
46
119
94
25
52
22
761
160
242
1,049
681
217
654
321
17
161
150
50
25
10
333
13 5
73
123
117
*
160
33
55
*
20
127
54
25
53
17
*
45
*
70
17
17
96
33
21
43
54
41
11
159
20
42
407
87
72
97
158
20
80
24
2,309
470
436
6,027
2,428
874
2,721
1,613
364
611
765
177
64
56
369
194
65
207
158
25
230
147
37
*
40
213
73
*
90
87
*
17
18
2,926
226
286
5,975
1,755
511
2,113
1,195
154
486
423
24
*
*
126
61
11
33
19
*
31
23
13
*
*
51
14
17
*
32
*
*
17
66
19
*
184
94
*
67
32
*
33
13
77
66
23
320
109
22
113
99
*
105
56
36
15
*
147
129
*
55
57
*
34
*
42
*
*
138
21
20
74
*
*
21
*
16
34
*
140
39
*
13
20
*
50
31
37
*
*
65
39
25
29
16
*
12
12
427
94
97
1,394
750
169
811
561
48
199
134
*
*
*
71
18
13
15
55
*
45
*
*
*
*
114
54
*
24
44
*
31
12
48
11
*
116
58
*
53
35
*
29
30
*
*
*
98
16
*
12
19
*
19
*
35
24
12
217
83
25
116
83
10
63
54
26
11
*
198
41
36
84
46
*
64
*
686
208
1,836
462
261
936
601
280
234
43
120
56
230
112
61
122
86
561
101
117
1,372
329
175
696
463
124
13
13
35
145
78
32
121
19
91
40
10
22
66
18
34
197
67
53
34
169
298
108
93
627
262
94
500
165
*
103
113
95
14
29
192
77
39
85
*
*
32
44
2,817
551
1,320
7,588
2,592
1,300
3,878
2,196
147
1,425
961
39
67
Appendix (continued)
1970
Civilian
labor force
% artists
in civilian
labor force
% U.S.
artists
Number
of artists
1980
Civilian
labor force
% artists
in civilian % U.S. Number
labor force artists of artists
State, SMSA
189,252
53,883
.70
72,065
.82
.03
594
58,661
1.21
.18
1,918
23,677
.95
.28
3,087
.57
.12 1,328 Johnson City-
Kingsport- Bristol
(VA, TN)
Lynchburg
Newport News-Hampton
Norfolk-Virginia
Beach- Portsmouth
(VA, NO
.03 307 Petersburg-Colonial
Heights-Hopewell
318,
,380
.90
.26
2,861
Richmond
106,
,697
1.02
.10
1,093
Roanoke
1,596,
,466
1.56
2.30
24,979
Washington
(VA, DC, MD
1,333,708
.94
1.70
12,553
1,937,615
1.19
2.12
22,974
Washington
49,
,233
1
.45
.07
713
Bellingham
60,
,196
1
.15
.06
693
Bremerton
57,
,074
.86
.05
491
Olympia
620,
.755
1
.25
.71
7
,748
Portland (WA, OR)
71
,606
.88
.06
633
Richland- Ken newick
Pasco
838,
,764
1
.59
1.23
13
,301
Seattle- Everett
151
,574
1
.06
.15
1,
,610
Spokane
198
,935
.97
.18
1
,937
Tacoma
76
,909
.60
.04
460
Yakima
575,966
.54
3,091
753,076
.56
.39
4,223
West Virginia
119,918
.80
.09
962
43,412
.55
.02
237
122,305
.60
.07
735
70,025
.55
.04
385
66,732
.62
.04
412
78,173
.50
.04
393
Charleston
Cumberland (WV, MD)
Hun ting ton- Ash land
(WV, KY, OH)
Parkersburg-Marietta
(WV, OH)
Steubenville-Weirton
(WV, OH)
Wheeling (WV, OH)
1,769,248
.75
13,320
2,263,413
.81
1.70
18,429
Wisconsin
141,453
.85
.11
1,203
116,562
.85
.09
992
59,625
.59
.03
352
Kenosha
45,751
1.04
.04
475
La Crosse
178,136
1.45
.24
2,588
Madison
68
Artist population of states and major cities
Teachers
architects (higher ed ) Authors
Musicians/ Actors/
Designers composers directors Painters.
Photo-
graphers Dancers
Artists
Announcers n.e.c.
87
72
403
149
94
142
209
15
120
37
44
32
*
199
58
23
116
63
90
16
14
989
262
55
230
112
404
47
51
1,013
515
195
328
215
48
39
20
56
89
08
63
27
10
139
36
16
39
12
19
297
97
56
961
338
125
489
298
146
21
64
295
120
84
178
113
3,414
406
2,351
5,613
2,349
1,510
4,307
2,515
19
269
102
79
51
21
,039
1,206
3,148
595
852
6,733
3,366
933
3,620
1,806
204
915
802
51
32
36
205
206
*
13 3
16
154
*
36
249
61
*
65
69
55
17
34
183
62
*
60
31
1,151
174
319
2,379
938
325
1,077
648
42
*
*
300
52
17
128
33
2,081
299
484
3,793
1,837
671
2,254
967
236
41
58
374
265
112
184
206
169
42
52
560
333
55
376
160
49
13
*
168
48
13
43
39
15
101
164
21
24
10
17
22
25
19
273
363
54
*
360
391
70
64
102
67
46
32
139
58
1,591
521
355
387
47
433
261
100
*
33
30
22
24
26
13
10
11
413
139
21
101
50
82
58
13
10
17
306
95
63
38
66
13
18
145
60
20
31
49
83
17
58
28
10
21
11
128
82
32
47
92
103
65
11
28
73
63
40
1,529
767
656
6,024
2,414
640
2,760
1,669
172
1,136
662
84
62
11
404
137
25
202
147
*
83
42
78
82
11
173
180
55
125
103
*
181
*
52
30
10
198
47
*
44
20
*
53
12
84
*
14
256
56
84
97
60
*
70
44
23
15
16
186
43
*
55
14
*
25
32
*
*
*
172
21
*
46
48
*
25
33
30
67
*
104
17
*
101
71
11
38
24
285
192
211
464
381
114
394
242
22
161
122
69
Appendix (continued)
1970
% artists
in civilian
labor force
% U.S.
artists
Number
of artists
1980
Civilian
labor force
% artists
in civilian
labor force
% U.S.
artists
Number
of artists
State, SMS A
Civilian
labor force
697,470
.99
.64
6,913
Milwaukee
1,120,236
1.27
1.31
14,219
Minneapolis-St.
Paul
84,330
.73
.06
617
Racine
49,840
.96
.04
477
Sheboygan
53,172
.60
.03
319
Wausau
129,149
.65
.11
844
226,762
.71
.15
1,602
Wyoming
38,068
1.02
.04
389
Casper
70
Artist population of states and major cities
Teachers Musicians/ Actors/ Photo- Artists
Architects (higher ed ) Authors Designers composers directors Painters... graphers Dancers Announcers n.e.c.
611
195
210
2
,428
977
275
1,
,103
621
120
184
189
1,703
338
528
4
,572
1,972
611
2,
,417
1,177
114
267
520
29
*
19
278
63
26
86
60
*
*
39
48
13
25
183
69
38
34
32
*
21
14
17
*
10
115
60
*
40
35
*
26
*
214
175
53
442
78
42
172
183
*
192
51
92
28
*
92
12
25
34
51
*
45
10
71
REPORTS IN THE NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS RESEARCH DIVISION SERIES
Since 19 76 the Research Division of the
National Endowment for the Arts has been
studying matters of interest to the arts
community and issuing reports based on its
findings. Copies of the reports may be or-
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Checks should be made payable to "Publish-
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#1 Employment and Unemployment of Artists :
1970-1975. 32 pages. April 1976. $5.00
#14 Audience Development: An Examination
of Selected Analysis and Prediction Tech-
nigues Applied to Symphony and Theatre At-
tendance in Four Southern Cities. 48
pages. January 1981. ISBN 0-89062-097-0
$6.00
#15 Economic Impact of Arts and Cultural
Institutions: Case Studies in Columbus,
Minneapolis/St. Paul, St. Louis, Salt Lake
City, San Antonio, and Springfield. 104
pages. January 1981. ISBN 0-89062-106-3
$10.00
#16 Artist Employment and Unemployment
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#2 To Survey American Crafts: A Planning
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#3 Understanding the Employment of Actors.
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#4 Arts and Cultural Programs on Radio and
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#5 Where Artists Live: 1970. 80 pages.
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#17 The Arts Public in the South. 64
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$7.00
#18 Visual Artists in Houston, Minneapolis,
Washington, and San Francisco: Earning
and Exhibition Opportunities. 48 pages.
October 1984. ISBN 0-89062-191-8 $8.00
#19 Where Artists Live 1980. 72 pages.
March 1987. ISBN 0-89062-209-4 $8.00
#6 Economic Impact of Arts and Cultural
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a Case Study in Baltimore. 96 pages.
November 19 77. $9.00
#7 Minorities and Women in the Arts: 19 70
32 pages. January 1978. $5.00
#8 The State Arts Agencies in 1974: All
Present and Accounted For. 160 pages.
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#9 Audience Studies of the Performing Arts
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November 1978. $10.00
#10 Self -Employment, Migration, and House-
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#11 Conditions and Needs of the Profes-
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1981. ISBN 0-89062-076-8 $12.00
#12 Artists Compared by Age, Sex, and
Earnings in 1970 and 1976. 56 pages.
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#13 Craft Artist Membership Organizations
1978. 52 pages. January 1980. ISBN
0-89062-089-X $7.00
72
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