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Full text of "The Williams history, tracing the descendants in America of Robert Williams of Ruthin, North Wales, who settled in Carteret County, North Carolina, in 1763"

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"V^, 


; 


MILTON  FRANKLIN  WILLIAMS 
The  author  of  the  Williams  History,  taken  December   1920,  in  his  75th  year. 


Hart^  C*rotina  Stat*  Ubrary 


THE  WILLIAMS  HISTORY 

TRACING  THE  DESCENDANTS 

IN  AMERICA 

OF 

ROBERT    WILLIAMS 

OF   RUTHIN,    NORTH   WALES, 

WHO  SETTLED  IN  CARTERET  COUNTY,  NORTH  CAROLINA, 

IN  1763. 


COMPILED    BY    HIS    GREAT-GRANDSON 


MILTON    FRANKLIN    WILLIAMS 


OF   ST.   LOUIS,   MISSOURI 


EDITED  BY  H.  M.  PLAISTED 


Published  by 

MILTON   FRANKLIN   WILLIAMS 

iND  Printed  in  Our  Own  Print  Shop 

A.   n.    1921. 


IV. 


3n  ■")  :.\ 


Ccpyright 

1921 

By    Milton    Franklin   Williams 

St.  Louis.  Mo. 


All  rights  reserved 


Printed    by   H.    .7.    ROLING   PRINTING   COMPANY. 


DEDICATED   TO 


iMY  GRANDCHILDREN 


AND  THEIR  CHILDREN. 


54643 


VI. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


mMlarTMA 


FOREWORD  VII 


AUTHOR'S   J'REFACE 


This  Williams  History  is  the  result  of  neai'ly  ten  years'  eori'cspoiuleiice 
and  investigation,  by  which  the  facts  stated  have  been  obtained.  The 
genealogy  has  been  completed  as  fai-  as  possible,  including  my  antobiography 
and  evolution  from  Ohio  to  the  city  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  giving  a  brief  history 
of  the  business  that  I  have  started  and  have  continued  with  the  aid  of  ray 
sons;  I  have  been  able  to  locate  the  burial  place  of  my  great-grandfather, 
Robert  Williams,  and  have  erected  a  tomb  \n  his  iiieimii'v  on  llie  old  home- 
stead in  Carteret  County,  North  C^i'ojina  ;  I  have  also  included  in  my  history 
the  data  given  by  Jolm  Shoel)ridge  Williams,  son  of  Robert  AVilliams,  which 
was  published  in  184:!  in  Cincinnati,  in  his  book  entitled  the  "American 
Pioneer,  or  history  and  sketches  of  the  early  pioneers  and  backwoodsmen 
of   Ohio." 

In  my  7()th,  71st,  72nd,  7:b-d,  74th  and  75th  year  1  have  been  engaged  in 
cari-ying  out  the  idea  of  writing  a  genealogical  history  of  our  branch  of  the 
Williams  family  and  have  done  so  to  the  best  of  my  ability.  I  have  not  been 
able  to  find  any  earlier  reference  to  my  great-grandfather,  Roltei't  Williams, 
except  that  he  emigrated  from  North  Wales,  from  the  town  of  Ivuthin, 
although  I  had  a  searcher  in  London  endeavoring  to  look  up  further  data 
regarding   him. 

As  an  incentive  to  further  investigation,  and  in  order  to  supplement  this 
history,  I  repeat  a  codicil  to  my  will:  that  I  will  offer  $500.00  placed  in  trust 
for  any  grandchild  of  mine  who  will  take  up  the  work  within  fifty  years  after 
uiy  decease. 

Most   faithfully   and   I'espectfully   submitted, 

MILTON    FRANKLLN    WILLTA.MS, 

St.  Louis,  Mo.,  U.  S.  A. 

Septemlier,  1921 . 


VIII.  THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


ACKNOWLEDGilENT 


I\Iy  thanks  arc  hereby  gratefully  extended  to  the  following  correspond- 
ents for  olitaininii'  facts  regarding  the  Williams  History: 

Mrs.  Jennie  !'>.  Po\vlei-.  5758  Ilai-oUlway,  Hollywood,  Calif. 

Mm.  Francis  Owen,  70  Sewall  Ave.,  Urookline,  Mass. 

Mrs.  Waltei'  Williams,  730  North  Main  St.,  Wheeling,  W.  Va. 

:Mrs.  Emma  0.  Wells,  1028  Broadway,  Martins  Fei-ry,  Ohio. 

Ma-s.  Sarah   1>.  Maris,   Damascus,   (^hio. 

3Irs.  Mary  Walling,  Bridgepoi't,  I'.clmont  County.  Ohio. 

J.  C.  Edgerton,  Salem,  Ohio. 

Eli  W.  Gibbons,  Barnesville,  flelmont  County,  Ohio. 

Mary  Louise  Williams,  Paris,  Ky.,  Box  238. 

Mrs.   John   Stevens,   Mason   City,   Iowa. 

Mrs.  Ethel  Bartlett.  Wheeling,  W.  Ya.,  care  Haucher's  Jewelry  Store. 

Seth  01i\-er  Williams  (my  bi-other),  Bridgeport,  Belmont  County,  O., 
R.  F.  D. 

Anna  B.  Hampton   (Cousin  Robert  Hampton's  widow),  Whittiei',  Iowa. 

Uncle  Amos  H.  Hampton,  P'orrest  Gt'ovc,  Ore.  On  April  22,  1920,  he 
reached  his  88th  milepost. 

Mrs.  Mary  L.  Chandler  (my  sistei-),  in  her  75th  year,  Newton,  Kan. 

D.  W.  Morton,  Beaufort,  N.  C.  (our  searcher  employed  for  a  year  in 
searching  records  in  Carteret  County,  North  Carolina). 

M.  J.  Williams  (our  eldest  son),  37  West  Van  Buren  sti-eet,  Chicago,  111. 
(who  is  author  of  the  idea  of  placing  $500.00  in  escrow  in  a  ti'ust  company 
in  order  to  induce  some  near  relative  to  perpetuate  this  history  in  forty  to  tifty 
years  later).     My  incentive  was  the  satisfaction  of  doing  the  work. 

Oliver  J.  Williams,  67  Second  Street,  San  Francisco,  Calif,  (the  Com- 
pany's Pacific  Coast  man,  who  donateil  to  this  History  a  descri2)tion  of  his 
ladimeter,  which  enabled  Lieut.  Reed  and  his  two  associates  to  i\y  to  Europe). 

And  last,  but  not  least,  H.  M.  Plaisted  (our  editor),  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.. 
who  has  so  wonderfully  assisted  the  historian  in  editing  the  work. 

MILTON   F.   WILLIAMS. 


THE  WILLIAMS  HISTORY 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS  (325) 

Cut  No.  Page 

JMiltou  Fi-nnklin   Williams,  in  liis  TGth  year Frtjiitispieee 

1  Prehistoric  ]Maii   ] 

■2  iMap  of  Wales 3 

3  Wilds  of  Snowdon 5 

4  Twiliglit  After  a  Stoi'in.  Dinas  ilaiidway 6 

5  Llandollen  and  Dinas   ISran 7 

6  Bala  Lake,  Aran  Mt.  and  ( 'edar  [dris 8 

7  Cascade   on    the   I\[oar fl 

8  The  Wondrous   Valley   of  Celert 10 

9  Above  Copel  Curig  on  the  Road  to  P>ant>or 11 

10  In  Anglesey  Red  Wharf  Bay 12 

11  Punp  Saint    13 

12  Remains   of   Sti'ata    Fh)ri(lay   Ahhcy 14 

13  Front   of   Ruthin   Castle 15 

14  Court   Vai-d  of  Ruthin  Castle 15 

15  Devil's   Bridge  and  Bi'idge  of  the  ilinister IH 

16  Chirk   Castle-y-Waen    17 

17  Eastern   St.   Machyullcth 18 

IS  A  Quaker  in  North  Carolina P) 

P)  Robt.  Williams'  Ci-ist  Mill  and  Saw  Mill P) 

20  Robt.  Williams"  Store  at  Beaufort,  N.  C 20 

21  Robt.  Williams'  Store  at  Newbern,  N.  C 20 

22  Robt.  Williams'  L(>tter  of  August  5,  1776 22 

23  Robt.  Williams"  Letter  of  August  5,  1776 23 

24  Robt.  Williams '  Letter  of  August  9,  1776 21 

25  Robt.  Williams'  Letter  of  September  14,  1776 24 

26  Robt.  Williams"  Letter  of  September  14,  1776   (continued) 25 

27  Robt.  Williams'  Letter  of  Septend>er  14,  1776   (continued) 26 

28  Robt.  Williams'  Letter  of  September  14.  1776   (continued) 27 

29  Robt.  Williams'  Letter  of  Septem'oer  14,  1776   (continued) 28 

30  Robt.  Wdliams'  Letter  of  Septemlier  14,  1776,  Postscript 29 


X.  THE     WILLIAMS     HISTORY 


Cut  No.  Page 

■il     Robt.  Williams'  Letter  of  Septembei'  14,  1776,  Ending 30 

32  Robt.  Williams'  Lcttei'  of  September  14.  1776.  Superscription...  31 

33  Old  Mill   Pond 32 

34  Present  (irist  Mill   on  Old  Dam 32 

35  Old  Bnllet   Molds 33 

36  Old  Pewter  Plates ;  34 

37  Summons  by  Robt.  Williams,  iSlny  26,  1776 35 

38  Endorsement  of   Summons 36 

39  Summons  Dated  March  22,   176-) 38 

40  Endorsement    3!) 

41  Summons   Dated   Deoeml)cr,    1770 40 

42  Endorsement    41 

43  Summons  Dated  June  19,  1771 42 

44  Endorsement    43 

45  Summons  Dated  May,  1787 45 

46  Endorsement    4!i 

47  Account  of  Amln-ose  t'roker  Proved 47 

48  Endorsement    48 

49  Linch  Ledger  Account   ( half  p.   1 ;) 49 

50  Linch  Ledger  Account  (balance  p.  1) 50 

51  Linch  Ledger  Account    (half  p.   2) 51 

52  Linch  Ledger  Account   (balance  p.  2) 52 

53  Linch  Ledger  Account   (half  p.  3) 53 

54  Linch  Ledger  Account    (balance  p.  3 ) 54 

55  Linch  Ledger  Account    (p.  4) 55 

56  Linch  Summons,  December  4,  1786 56 

57  Endorsement,   December   4,    1786 57 

58  Linch   Bond,   December   9,   1786 59 

59  Endorsement    60 

60  Linch  Peace  Bond,  January  8,  1787 (i2 

61  Endorsement    63 

62  Map  of  Robert  Williams'  Old  Houu\stead  in  Cartei'et  County,  X.  C.  65 

63  Map   of  ' '  Dinnant " 67 

64  Plan  and  Persp.ective  of  Robt.  Williams'  Biick  House 68 

65  Letter  by  John  Shoebridge  Williams 69 

66  Keeper  "s  House 70 

67  Old  Cedar  Tree 70 

68  Grave  of  Robt.  Williams 71 

69  Portrait  of  John  Shoebridge  Williams 76 

69A  "Religions,"  from  back  of  Card  Photograph  Cut  No.  69,  opposite  96 

70  Log  Cabin  of  Samuel  and  John  Shoebridge  Williams 82 

70A  Grave  of  John  Shoebridge  Williama — opposite 97 

7 J     Enlarged  Portrait  of  John  Shoebi-idge  Williams 94 


LIST    OF    ILLUSTRATIONS  XL 

Cut  No.  Page 

72  Poi'trait  of  Sarah  Patterson,  His  Wife 95 

7;^  The  Ship  "Rose"" 97 

74  Portrait   of   Sarah   Jane   Williams   Fanner 100 

75  Map  of  Carteret  County,  N.  ('.,  Coined  by  Franeis  Fowler 101 

76  Gi'oup  Photograph  of  88  Descendants  of  John  Slioehridt;e  Williams  102 

77  Kej'  to  Group  Photograjih lO.S 

78  Portrait  of  Mrs.  Jennie  B.  Fowler 104 

79  Portrait  of  Francis  C.  Fowler 103 

80  Portrait  of  Frederic  A.  Fowlei' 106 

81  My  Father's  Cabin  in  the  Woods 109 

82  My  Cradle 109 

83  My  Father  and  IMother 110 

84  "  My  Mother  at  the  Churn 110 

85  My  Trundle  Bed Ill 

86  Our  Second  Home  in  Jerusalem,  Ohio Ill 

87  ITncle  Joseph  Williams  and  Family — facing 254 

88  Representing  the  Author  at  Three  Years  of  Age 112 

89  Uncle  Samuel  B.  Williams  and  Family— facing 120 

90  Log  Cabin  School  House li:^ 

91  My  Grandfather  Samuel  Williams'  Log  House 114 

92  Mother  at  Her  Spinning  Wheel 117 

93  Old   Franklin   Mill 118 

94  Cross-cut  Sawing  with  Father 119 

95  Franklin  Mill  at  Baresville 122 

96  Section  of  French  Buhr  Millstone 123 

97  Ferry  Boat  at  Baresville,  Ohio 124 

98  Going  to  the  Grocery,  Aged  Eight 126 

99  Hunting  Cows  in  the  Woods 127 

100  Hoeing  Sugar  Cane 127 

101  Mary  and  I  Fishing 128 

102  A  Fishing  Gaff 128 

103  Mai-y  and  I  Picking  Stone 129 

104  Portrait  of  Mary  Louisa  and  Milton  F.  Williams 129 

105  Our  First  Home  in  Baresville,  Ohio 130 

106  Our  Second  Home  in  Baresville,  Ohio 130 

107  First  School  House  in  Baresville 131 

108  Brick  School  House  in  Baresville 131 

109  Father  and  I  Planting  Cherry  Trees 134 

110  Father's  Old,  Worn  Spade 135 

111  Father's  Broad  Axe 135 

112  Method  of  Splitting  Rails 136 

113  The  Wiley  Weeks  House 137 

114  Father  and  I  Quarrying  Stone 137 


XII.  THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Cut  No.  Pag-e 

115  Sister  JMary  Louisa    (Chandler') 138 

116  Later  Home  in  Bridgeport,  (^hio 140 

117  My  Brother  Seth  Oliver 141 

118  Three  Generatious    142 

119  Robert  Earl  Williams 143 

120  Mowing  en  Uncle  Johnnj-  Weeks'  Farm 141 

121  Plowing  on  Uncle  Johnny  Weeks'  Farm 144 

122  Riving   and   Si)litting  Palings 145 

123  A  Shavins  Horse 145 

124  Shingle    Punching    ^Machine 14G 

125  Threshing  Grain  with  a  Flail 146 

126  A  Pioneer's  First  Mill 147 

127  Chinese  Making  Rice  Flour 147 

128  Hand  Cradle  for  Grain 148 

129  Hand  Cards  for  Wool 148 

130  Spinning  Carded  Rolls 148 

131  Hackling  Flax    ' 149 

132  A  Flax  P>rake 149 

133  A  Hand  Weaving  Loom 150 

134  A  Hand  Loom  for  Flax • 150 

135  Wolf  Creek  Mills  in  1789 154 

136  Portrait  of  My  Uncle  Samuel  1!.  Williams 155 

137  Learning  to  Be  a  Millwright 157 

138  Working  on  a  Plank  Road 151 

139  Grinding   Sugar    Cane 152 

140  An  Old  French  Buhr-Stone  Mill 159 

141  An  Early   Printing  Press 160 

142  A  Fanning  ilill 161 

143  Threshing  Wheat  in  a  Tramping  Ring 161 

144  Going  to  Wheeling  Market 1 62 

145  My  Tool  Chest 164 

146  Old  Garland  House,  St.  Louis 16S 

."  147     Going  to  Work  Avith  My  Dinner  Pail 168 

148  M.  F.  Williams  at  27 169 

149  Mrs.  M.  F.  Williams  at  17 169 

150  Men  Hauling  Lumber 170 

151  Bringi]ig  Coal  Across  the  River  on  the  Ice 170 

152  Union  Market  During  the  Epizootic 171 

152A  Board  from  M.  F.  Williams'  Work-bench 172 

153  The  First  Steamboat  on  the  Mississippi  River 173 

154  Steamboats  at  St.  Louis  in  1873 173 

155  My    Best    Drawing 179 

156  Portrait  of  W.  11.  Foreman 175 


LIST    OF    ILLUSTRATIONS  XIII. 

Cut  Xo.  Pniie 

1.')?     Ninth  find  I'ii'ooklyn  Stfccts.  St.  Louis 174 

158  Our  First  House  on    liacon  Street 176 

159  Oui'  Seeond  House  on   I'.aeon  Street 177 

160  $1000   Deed   of  Trust   C.-ineelrd ISl 

161  Our  Fii-st   Oelivci'v  W;ii-on 182 

162  M.  F.  AVilli;nns  in   1!)0:} I'M 

163  Mothei'  and  tlie  Oifl  in   1008 19S 

164  King-  Fishing  in  Floi-ida 199 

165  Mrs.  M.  F.  Williams,  1906 202 

1 66  Ten  WiUianises   20:5 

167  Our  Fir.st    Automobile • 204 

16S     Thi'ee   Generations    205 

169  Grandfather   and   (ii'andson 206 

170  Surrounded  by  :\Iy  Family 207 

171  Present  Honir  on  \\'rnon  A^-e  ,  St.  Louis 208 

1.72     M.  F.  Williams'  Hall  Oloek 209 

173  Our  Fi'ont  Hall 210 

174  Our  Parlor    211 

175  Our  Parlor  and  Dining  Koom 212 

176  Our  Dining  Room 213 

177  Southeast  Corner  of  Dining  Room 214 

178  East  Corner  of  Dining  Room 215 

179  Well  at  Main  Staii-way 216 

180  Our  Librai'y    217 

181  East  End  of  Our  Bedroom 218 

182  Arthur's  Room   219 

183  My  Cabinet  of  Curiosities 220 

184  Our  Garage  at  Vernon  Ave 225 

185  Packard  Auto,  and  Mr.  and  :Mi's.  M.  F.  Williams 220 

186  Stutz  Auto,  and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  M.  J.  Williams  of  Chicago 227 

i85A  Residence  of  II.  J.  Williams 228 

187  Hudson  Auto,  and  Mr.  and  Mi's.  A.  F.  Williams 229 

187A  Residence  of  Arthur  F.  William,s — opposite 229 

188  Stutz  Auto,  and  Mr.  Oliver  Williams  and  P^amily  of  California.  .  .  229 
188A  Residence  of  0.  J.  Williams 230 

189  Oakland  Auto,  and  Dr.  Edgar  Carson  and  Family  of  St.  Louis.  .  .  .  231 
189A  Residence  of  Dr.  Edgar  M.  Carson 232 

190  Edgar  Carson  and  Milton  Franklin  Williams  11 233    ■ 

190A  Arthur  Franklin  Williams,  Jr. — opposite 233 

191  M,  F.  Williams  in  His  Daily  Garb  at  Office 234 

192  M.  F.  Williams  in  Garb  of  Knight  Templar 235 

193  M.  F.  Williams  in  Pull  Dress  Suit 236 

194  Grandchildren's  Tree   237 


XIV.  THE     WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Cut  No.  Page 

194A  Mabel  V.  Williams,  My  Grauddaughtei-,  at  Five  Years  of  Age.  .  .  239 

194-2   Second   Grandchildren's  Tree — opposite 238 

195  Parents  of  Milton  Franklin  Williams  and  Their  Family 240 

196  Struggle  Mountain    242 

197  Sysbolie  of  a  Man  Who  Has  Faith 244 

198  Side  View  of  Bridge  Near  Paris,  Ky :  251 

199  End  View  of  Bridge  at  Paris,  Ky 252 

200  Joseph  Williams,  My  Uncle 253 

201  Amos  H.  Hampton,  My  Uncle 250 

202  Samuel   B.  Williams,   My   Uncle 259 

203  Father  and  the  Boys 2(34 

204  Trade  Mark  of  Williams  Patent  Crusher  &  Pulverizer  Co.   (small 
size)    265 

205  Company 's  Trade   Mark — Medium   Size 265 

206  Company's  Trade  Mark— Large  Size,  with  Photo 265 

207  President  Williams  at  Work  in  His  Private  Office 266 

208  Superintendent's  Office,  First  Floor 267 

209  Purchasing  Agent's  Office,  First  Floor 271 

210  Main  Office  Lobby,  Second  Floor 272 

211  Office  Corridor— Gallery  of  Notables 273 

212  Office  Corridor— Gallery  of  Notables 274 

213  Accounting  Room,   Second  Floor 275 

,  214  Section  of  Stenographers'  Office 276 

215  Sectio)!  of  Drafting  Room,  Third  Floor 277 

216  Section  of  Sample  Room,  Third  Floor 278 

217  Section  of  Cage  Department,  First  Floor 279 

218  Section  pf  Machine  Shop,  Second  Floor 280 

219  Feed  Mill  Machinery  Warehouse 280 

220  Main  Forging  Shop,  Ninth  Street .' 281 

221  Hammer  Department   No.   1 281 

222  Shafting  Warehouse,  Ninth   Street 282 

223  Heavy  Steel  and  Iron  Warehouse,  Ninth  Street,  North  Side 283 

224  Steel  Warehouse,   South   Side 284 

225  Section  of  Sheet  Metal  Department,  Ninth  Street 284 

226  Section  of  Main  Engine  Room   (now  removed) 285 

227  Old  Atlas  Engine  in  Engine  Room 286 

228  Broadway  Machine  Shop,  Front  Section 287 

229  South  Side  Broadway  Erecting  Shop 287 

230  Section  of  Broadway  Machine  Shop 288 

231  Section   of  Broadway  Erecting  Floor 289 

232,  Tool  Room   (formerly  old  office) 290 

233  Section  of  Old  Pattern  Shop 290 

234  Section  of  Old  Pattern  Loft,  Ninth  Street 291 


LIST    OF    ILI.l'STRATIONS  XV. 

Cut  No.  rase 

235  Section  of  Testing  and  (iiiniliiiij  Department 2!)'2 

23tt  Section  of  Bvoaclway  Wai-rh<iuse,  Second   Flooi' 2!):'. 

237  Broadway  Wafeliousc,    Front   Section 21)3 

238  Bi'oadway  Machine  Shop,  Middle  Section 2')4 

239  Oui'   l^roadway   Erecting   Shop 2!)ri 

240  Our    Printing-   Establishment 2i)(i 

241  Our    Manufactuving    Plant 2!)7 

242  Our   Infant   Grindei' 2!I,S 

243  A  Pyramid  of  Gi'indcrs 21)!) 

244  Our   Mammoth   Crasher 300 

245  Eight  Men  in  Our  ilammoth   ( 'rusher 301 

246  A  Car  Load  of  Ore  (foir>  Into  Oui'  Mammoth  Ci'usher 302 

247  A  Six-ton  Piece  of  Oi  e 303 

24S  Our  No.  I)  (iiant  I'nivei'sal  Limestone  Grinder 304 

24!)  New    Concivte    Building 305 

24!)A  0.  J.  Williams'  Kadimeter ; 311 

250  Our   Ne^^•   Pierce  Arrow  Truck 315 

251  One  Horse  Delivery  Wagon  and  il.  F.  Williams 315 

252  Oui'  New  Five-ton  Truck  and  :\I.  F.  Williams ;}16 

253  NcAv  Building,   North  Bay 317 

254  New  J^uilding,  South  Bay 317 

255  New  Building,  Second  Floor,   South    Bay 318 

256  New  Building,  Third  Floor,  South  Bay -318 

257  New  Building,  Third  Floor,  North  Bay 319 

258  New  Building,  Third  Floor,  South  Bay 319 

259  New  Building,  Fourth  Floor,  Pattern  Stoi'age 320 

2(i0  New   15uilding.   Testing  Plant 321 

261  Monument  to  the  Business  of  Milton  F.  Williams,  Pres 322 

262  The  Conundrum    343 

263  Christ  of  the  Andes 346 

264  Looking  Up  His  Family  Tree 379 

264A  Footprints  on  the  Sands  of  Time — opposite 3.54 

265  Christophei-  L.  Sholes,  the  Father  of  the  Typewrite)' 363     ' 

266  Peary  Expedition  Walrus  Hunting 375 

267  Peary's  Ship  After  Hitting  an  Iceberg 376 

268  Tree   of  Williams   Generations — opposite 37!) 

269  Beginning  St.   Louis,   1764 429 

270  Making  Treaty  with  tin'  Indians 430 

271  Sioux  Indians  in  Missouri 434 

272  Lovejoy  's  Printing  Press  Frame 435 

272 A  Map  Showing  Where  Lovejoy 's  Pi'ess  Frame  Was  Found 436 

273  Old    Fort    Bellefontaine 437 

274  Round  Tower  Near  :\Iullanphv   Street 438 


XVI.  '-"'HE     WILLIAMS     HISTORY 

Cut  No.  Page 

275  First  Court  House  in  St.  Louis 439 

276  First  Presbyterian  Church  in  St.  Louis  in  1840 440 

277  Chouteau  Pond  in  1840 441 

278  Chouteau  Pond  in  1850 442 

279  Selling  Slaves  at  Coui't  House 443 

280  Biiyiug  SlaA'es  at  Court  House .'  443 

281  Breaking  Family  Ties 444 

282  Old  Union  Steam  Mills  in  1865 445 

283  Old   City   Jail 446 

284  Big  Mound  in  1852 447 

285  Eads  Bridge    448 

286  Baruum  's   Hotel    449 

287  St.  Louis  in  1915 451 

288  Hoyt   H.    Green 472 

2S8A  Eulogy  Upon  Hoyt  H.  C4i'een 473 

289  jMonument   to   King  Mausolus 498 

289A  Mausoleum  of  Emperor  Hadrian 499 

290  Taj  Mahal   500 

291  Westminster    Abbey    501 

292  Lincoln  "s  Tomb 502 

293  U.  S.  Gi-ant  "s  Tomb r 502 

294  Garfield 's  Tomb  503 

295  McKinley's  Tomb    503 

296  Campo  Santo,  Genoa,  Italy 504 

297  Grand  View  Mausoleum 504 

298  Alton  Mausoleum   Chapel 505 

299  Mausoleum  in  Toronto,  Canada 505 

300  Mausoleum  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y 503 

301  Mausoleum,  Rose  Hill,  Chicago 506 

302  Interior   of  a.   Mausoleum 507 

302A  Exterior  of  a  Mausoleum 507 

303  Valhalla,  St.  Louis  County 508 

304  Entrance  to  Valhalla 508 

305  Williams  Coat  of  Arms — English : 522 

306  Williams  Coat  of  Arms— Welsh 522 

307  D.  W.  Morton  and  Wife 537 

308  Ye  Editor,  II.  M.   Plaisted 560 


THE  WILLIAMS  HISTORY 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 


Part  One         AValcs  and    (1)   Roliert   Williams PaKOs       7-  74 


Part  Two        John    Shoebi-idgc    Williaur 


Part  Three     Milton  Franklin  Williams'  Autohiouraphv 


Part   Four       Business  Section 


Part  Five       Philosophical  Sayings  and  Useful   Data. 


Part   Six  Gencalos'ieal   Section 


Part  Ten        App(>ndi: 


Pai-t  Eleven  Glossarv 


Part  Twelve  Index 


Part  Seven     St.  Louis  and   Vicinity "       429-468 


Part  Eiaht     Obituaries 


Part  Nine       Mausoleums    "       497-510 


XVIII.  I'HE     WILLIAMS     HISTORY 


SYNOPSIS  OF  TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 


PART  ONE— ROBKRT  WILLIAMS Pages  1-74 

How  Old  Is  Man? — Prehistoric  man— Early  races  in  Wales  and  Great 
Britain — Origin  of  the  Welsh  people — First  Celt  invasion — Second  Celt  inva- 
sion— Roman  invasion — Histor.y  of  Ruthin,  North  "Wales — City  Twice  De- 
:'.tr:iyed — Scenery  of  Wales — Noted  Men  oi  Wales — Sailors,  bards,  writers  and 
poets  of  Wales — Examples  of  Welsh  triads — Three  great  Quakers — Ruthin 
Castle  as  rebuilt  after  destruction — My  Great-grandfather  Robert  AVilliams — 
Marries  the  English  lady  Elizabeth  Dearman  and  sails  for  North  Carolina — 
Anne  Shoebridge,  second  wife  of  Robert  William;,  and  my  great-grandmother 
— My  sister  Jane  remembers  seeing  Great-grandmother  Anne  Shoebridge  Wil- 
liams— Death  of  Great-grandmother  Anne  in  1845 — Business  enterprises  of 
Robert  Williams  in  North  Carolina,  at  Beaufort  and  Newborn — Reproduction 
of  original  reports  of  Robert  Williams  en  the  salt  works  constructed  by  him 
in  1776,  being  the  first  Avorks  of  the  kind  in  the  new  world — Mill  dam  for 
grist  mill  and  saw  mill  constructed  by  Robert  Williams  across  Black  Creek 
at  what  is  now  Newport,  N.  C. — His  ancestral  c:5tate — Old  water  power  still 
ill  use — Carteret  Lodge,  Inc.,  new  the  owner  of  the  homestead  of  Robert 
AViliiams — Reproductions  of  .original  coni't  records  pertaining  to  Robert 
Williams  and  explanation  of  the  same — Change  of  government  from  Great 
Britain  to  the  United  States  of  America  shown  in  said  records— Reproduction 
of  original  ledger  account  of  Jonas  Linch  with  Robert  Williamj — Remarks 
thereon — Description  of  Robert  Williams'  estate  with  map  drawn  by  his  son 
John  Shoebridge  Williams,  and  explanation  of  the  same — Plan  and  elevation 
of  Robert  Williams'  house,  the  brick  for  which  were  brought  from  England 
— Cedar  tree  where  John  Shoebridge  Williams  hid  the  clam  shells  as  a  lioy — 
Keeper's  house  on  the  site  of  Robert  Williams'  old  home — Grave  of  Robert 
Williams  and  the  stone  and  fence  erected  to  his  memory  by  his  Crreat-grand- 
son,  Milton  F.  Williamr; — County  records  referring  to  the  will  of  Robert 
Williams — Richard  Williams,  first  son  of  Robert  Williams — Elizabeth  Wil- 
liams Garretson,  daughter  of  Robert  Williams — A  Quaker  marriage — Robert 
Williams'  first  land  purchase — Improvements  nov;  being  made  at  and  near 
the  homestead  of  Robert  Williams — Public  higliway  lunning  past  Robert 
Williams"  grave  and  exteiidinji  from  Boitmi.  Mass..  lo  Tampa,  Floi'ida. 


SYNOPSIS    OK    TAI'.LE     OF    CONTEXTS  XIX. 


PART  TWO— JOHN  SIIOEHRIUGE  WILLIAMS. 


My  Great-uncle,  John  Shccbridiie,  son  of  Robert  Williams  and  younger 
brother  of  my  Gi'andfatlier  Samuel  Williams — Only  three  of  the  eight  childi'en 
of  Robert  Williams'  second  mai'riage  survived  to  leave  descendants — Testi- 
mony of  John  Shoehridgc  regai'dinii'  his  father's  marriage  to  his  first  wife  and 
their  coming  to  this  (Miuntry — Roi)ert  Williams'  business  reverses — Early  life 
of  John — His  early  schooling — Cause  of  his  father's  business  reverses — His 
father's  death,  and  emigration  of  his  mother,  Anne  Shoebridge  Williams,  with 
his  sister  Elizabeth  and  his  l)rother  Samuel,  to  what  is  now  the  state  of  Ohio 
— Sailing  from  Beaufort  to  Alexandria — Travel  through  the  A^i]-gi)iia  moun- 
tains— Sojourn  at  B'redericktoAvn,  Pa. — Travel  through  Pennsylvania  moun- 
tains into  Ohio — Their  new  home  in  the  woods  occupied  Christmas,  1800 — 
The  life  of  a  pioneer  family,  their  hardship3,  pleasures  and  daily  employment 
— A  pioneer's  daily  life — John's  visit  to  his  old  home,  42  years  later — Char- 
acter of  a  pioneer — Improved  nu)de  of  living — Getting  out  of  the  woods — 
Light  for  winter  evenings  in  pioneer  days — Substitutes  for  shoe  leather  and 
clothing — Domestic  animals — John's  account  of  his  brother  Richard's  school, 
and  John's  own  schooling  attained  under  difficulties — John's  experience  as 
a  surveyor  of  the  National  Road — John's  family  of  ten  children  by  his  hi-st 
wife,  Sarah  Patterson — John's  later  life  and  descendants,  and  his  death  at 
the  age  of  88 — Samuel  Williams,  older  brother  of  John,  and  my  grandfather 
— Samuel's  eleven  children — Earlier  Williamses  of  Massachusetts,  another 
braiich  of  the  family — Review  of  Robert  Williams  and  his  descendants — 
Genealogy  of  Jennie  B.  Fowler,  a  descendant  of  John  Shoebridge  Williams — 
Group  photo  of  John  Shoebridge  Williams  and  his  descendants  preiiared  by 
Jennie  B.  Fowler — Her  autobiography  and  photos  of  her  twin  sons. 


PART  THREE— A  JIAN'S  HISTORY  WRITTEN  BY  HIMSELF 

Pages  107-262 


Born  October  13, 1846 — Description  of  our  cabin  in  the  woods — Father  and 
mother — Childhood  recollections — Our  home  at  Jerusalem  and  incidents  of  my 
childhood — Our  log  school  house — Grandfather  Samuel  Williams — My  visit 
home  in  1916 — Emigration  to  Monroe  Count}'  at  six  years  of  age — Williams 
Brothers'  mill — Helping  my  father  saw  logs — My  apprenticeship  with  Uncle 
Samuel — Revo'ses  of  the  Williams  Brothers — Old  French  bulir  millstone — 
Return  of  the  Williams  Brothers — I  meet  Alexander  Voegtly  after  41  yi'ars 
— History  of  the  old  Franklin  millstone — Our  family  life  in  Baresville — Sister 
Mary  and  myself  at  work  and  fi.^hing — Description  of  our  first  home  in  Bares- 
ville— Our  second  home  in  Baresville — Our  schoolhouse  and  school  life  in 
Baresville — Personal  habits  and  character  of  the  author — ily  first  literary 
attempt — Sister  Mary's  letter — Helping  father  plant  trees  at  oui'  home  in 
Bridgeport,  Ohio — Father's  spade  and  In'cad-axe — Laying  the  foundation  of 


XX.  THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


our  Rridgeport  home — My  sistei'  Mary  Louisa — And  her  marriage — Appear- 
auce  of  our  old  home  at  Bridgeport  at  the  present  time — My  only  brother, 
Seth  Oliver  Williamc — Farm  life  near  Bridgeport — Getting  out  shingles  and 
claiDboards — Old-time  mill  construction — Pioneer  methods  of  threshing  and 
grinding  grain — Preparing  wool  and  weaving  cloth — Hackling,  breaking  and 
weaving  flax  for  cloth — My  experience  on  the  Plank  Road  from  Bridgeport 
to  Maultown — Helping  father  make  molasses  from  sugar  cane — Making  ba- 
gasse from  sugar  cane — Boiling  down  siTgareane  syrup — Reminiscence  regard- 
ing Wolf  Ci'eek  Mills — My  Uncle  Samuel  B.  Williams — My  last  experience  a?; 
a  i'ai'iuer — Leai-ning  the  millwright  trade  with  my  Uncle  Samuel — Incident 
at  Yokum  and  lUitcher's  saw  mill  near  Somerton — My  experience  at  Hall's 
mill — Threshing  and  winnowing  grain— ^Tramping  ring  for  threshing  grain — 
Going  to  Wheeling  Market  in  1861 — My  millwright  experience  in  Kansas — 
My  tool  chest — My  work  in  St.  Louis  as  journeyman  millwright — An  impor- 
tant incident  at  Starmton,  Ills. — My  fii-st  boarding  place  in  St.  Louis  at  the 
old  Garland  House — Going  to  work  in  St.  Louis — Photos  of  the  author  and 
his  wife  before  marriage — Incidents  of  the  smallpox  and  epizootic  in  St. 
Louis — River  traffic  at  St.  Louis — Relic  of  m_y  first  work-bench — Going  into 
partnership  with  W.  H.  Foreman — My  marriage  and  first  housekeeping — 
Our  first  home  on  Bacon  Street — Our  Bacon  street  home  as  improved — With 
Eobert  L.  Downton,  millwright — Short  partnership  with  Wm.  H.  Scott — The 
author's  best  drawing — Partnership  with  Wm.  G.  Rheinhart — .$1000.00  deed 
•of  trust  paid — My  son  running  our  first  delivery  wagon — My  friend  J.  H. 
Spinning — Edward  H.  Pi-iekey — I  buy  a  shop  at  2705-7  North  Broadway — 
My  conception  of  the  Hinged  Hannner  Crusher — First  commercial  crushei- — 
Incidents  on  the  road  introducing  my  crusher — Lessons  in  politeness — A 
Marsden  episode — And  my  returning  good  for  evil — Early  imitators  of  ray 
machine — My  travels  in  foreign  countries  and  world-Avide  introduction  of  my 
crusher — An  incident  on  leaving  Glasgow  on  the  steamer — The  voyage  to  New 
York — My  best  photograph,  at  the  age  of  57 — King  fishing  in  Florida — My 
wife  and  daughter — Incidents  in  Florida  at  St.  Augustine,  Palm  Beach,  Deto- 
nia,  Miami,  and  my  Aasit  to  Havana,  Cuba — Ten  Williamses  in  a  row — The 
author  surrounded  by  his  family — Three  generations — Our  home  on  Vernon 
Ave.,  St.  Louis — Our  hall  clock  and  pertinent  remarks  thereon — Illustrations 
and  description  of  our  i-esidence  on  Vernon  Ave. — My  cabinet  of  curiosities 
— Illustrations  and  descriptions  of  automobiles  belonging  to  myself  and  mem- 
bers of  my  family — Homes  of  my  sons,  Milton.  Arthur  and- Oliver  Williams, 
and  of  my  daughter,  Florence — My  two  grandsons — The  author  in  his  daily 
garb,  in  dress  suit  and  as  a  Knight  Templar — My  grandchildren's  tree — Recol- 
lection of  my  Sister  Jane  of  President  Lincoln's  assassination — Group  picture 
of  the  parents  of  the  author  and  his  brothers  and  sisters — Allegory  of  Struggle 
]\Iountain — Signposts  on  the  road  to  success — Discourse  on  Faith — The 
author's  narrow  escapes  from  death — My  Great-aunt  Elizabeth  Williams  Gar- 
retson — ]\Iy  Aunt  Peninah  Gibbons — Amos  H.  Hampton,  my  mother's  brother 
—A  wooden  bridge  at  Paris,  Ky. — Joseph  Williams,  my  father's  oldest  brother, 
and  his  letter  to  his  intended  wife — Clipping  from  the  oldest  newspaper  in 
Kentucky,  giving  early  historical  incidents  of  the  National  Road,  laid  out  by 
ray  Great-uncle  John  Shoebridge  Williams — My  Uncle  Samuel  B.  Williams 
and  his  elevator — Final  remarks. 


.SYNOPSIS    OF    TAr.LI']    OF    COXTENTS  XXI. 


PART  FOUR— BUSINESS  SECITION. 


The  sueccssfnl  man — Fathei'  and  the  boys — My  fii'st  visit  t(i  California — 
Harry  Parti'idge — Oni-  Company  ti'ado  mai'k :  arm  and  hammer  device — 
President  Williams  in  his  private  ol'tiee — Superintendent's  office — Former 
Superintendent  E.  II.  Frickey — Manufaetni'inii-  manaoement  and  advance 
under  "William  M.  Davidson  as  superintendent — Oui-  last  sti'ike  in  October, 
1916 — Impressive  comparisons  of  our  output  of  lirindei's — Puix-hiisiiifj-  At^ent's 
office — Lobby  of  the  main  office — Picture  gallery  cf  notable  persons  in  our 
main  lobby — Our  Accountant's  office — Stenographer's  office— Drafting  room 
— Sam.ple  room,  showing  oui'  early  forms  of  hammers — Cage  Milling  Depart- 
ment— Montgomer}'  Street  Machine  Shop — Former  Cage  ShojD — Main  Forging 
Shop — Hammer  Department — Ninth  Street  Shafting  Department — Steel  and 
Iron  Warehouse — Sheet  Metal  Department — Old  Engine  Room — Old  Atlas  en- 
gine— Former  Broadway  Machine  Shop — Broadway  Erecting  Shop — Broad- 
way Machine  Shop — Broadway  Erecting  Floor — Broadway  Tool  Room — Old 
pattern  loft,  Ninth  street — Old  Testing  Department — No.  1  Broadway  Ware- 
house, second  floor — Broadway  Warehouse — first  fioor — Main  machine  shop — 
Broadway  Erecting  Shop — Our  printing  establishment — Our  manufacturing 
plant — A  pyramid  of  our  grinders — Our  infant  crusher — Our  growing  outp\it 
and  number  of  crushei'3 — Our  Mammoth  and  Jumbo  crushers — Use  on  iron 
ore  and  coal — Scope  of  the  Williams  Jumbo  and  Mammoth  ci'ushers — Our  new 
four-story  concrete  building — Machine  sliop  on  first  and  second  floors,  new 
building — Thii'd  floor  woodworking  shop — Fourth  floor  pattern  loft — Adju- 
dicated patents — List  of  patents  and  trade  marks — 0.  J.  Williams'  radimeter 
— Its  invention  and  importance  as  applied  to  aeroplanes  in  the  U.  S.  Navy — 
List  cf  millionaire  Williamses — A  step  above  the  wheelbarrow — Our  one-horse 
delivery  wagon — Our  five-ton  Pierec-Arrow  truck — Our  new  machine  shop 
and  woodworking  shop  and  testing  plant  in  the  new  concrete  building — A 
good  monument  illustrating  our  trade  mark  and  business. 


PART  FIVE— CHARACTERISTIC,   BUSINESS.   SYMBOLIC   AND   PHILO- 
SOPHIC SAYINGS  AND  USEFUL  DATA Pages  325-378 

AVords  spoken  avul  written  and  their  influenca  on  mankind — Remarks 
by  the  author  on  the  world  food  supply — Advice  to  use  the  best  part  of  wheat 
ground  in  the  Williams  way — The  Blake  Milling  Company  letter  and  com- 
ments thereon — Letter  to  the  Post-Dispatch  on  "Justice,  Not  Revenge" — 
Fountain  Park  Congi'egational  Church  and  good  business  advice  on  reducing 
a  mortgage — Letter  to  Globe-Democrat  newspaper  regarding  the  poem  writ- 
ten by  the  sou  of  C.  E.  Haase  and  the  action  of  the  School  Board  thereon — 
Letter  to  Mr.  Danforth  of  the  Ralston  Purina  Company  regarding  settlement 
for  repair  parts — Comments  on  A.  L.  Shapleigh's  invitation  to  a  social  gath- 
ering— F.  L.  Smith  and  Company,  Engineers,  and  statement  of  advantages 
of  the  Williams  Cross  Groove,  Never  Slip  Pulley — Senator  Ingalls'  essay  on 
Grass — Letter  from  one  Milton  to  another,  and  comments  thereon  by  the 
author — ^Allegory  of  David  and  Goliath  and  analogy  of  man  from  the  cradle 
to  the  grave — Christ  of  the  Andes — The  seven  ages  of  man  and  conunents  on 


XXII.  THE     WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Shakespeare's  play — Remarks  on  Pope's  Essay  on  Man — The  glory  of  parent- 
hood and  comments  thereon — Gems  of  good  advice  approved  by  the  author 
— Fourteen  points  in  the  League  of  Success — CoramentG  on  the  I.  W.  AV. — 
Carelessness  our  worst  enemy — Gold  as  a  standard  of  money — Footprints  on 
the  sands  of  time,  and  comments  thereon — Life  is  as  you  make  it — Philosophi- 
cal sayings — Hard  facts  of  the  iron  age — Wise  sayings  and  doings — Business 
proverbs — Comments  on  John  Ruskin  and  his  work — A  stationary  engineer — 
Examples  of  successful  men — A  rich  man's  son — Protits — Inventors  and  ex- 
amples of  their  work — The  high  cost  of  living — Christopher  Latham  Sholes, 
inventor  of  the  typewriter — Accumulating  a  surplus — Work,  save  and  think 
— The  wisdom  of  men — Special  privileges — Study,  think,  act — Coaunents  by 
Gladstone,  Abraham  Lincoln,  George  Washington  and  Daniel  Webster  on  the 
American  Constitution — The  Star  Spangled  Banner — Lives  of  a  few  great 
men^The  power  of  will — Education  and  information  and  results — Great  dis- 
coverers— The  first  white  child  born  in  Ohio — Taxation  due  to  the  Woi'ld 
War — Many  family  names  and  given  names  in  the  war  list — jMortality  rate 
of  the  world — A  tribute  to  the  Quakers  and  history  of  the  movement — Peary 
expedition  to  the  North  Pole — Drawing  blood  from  walrus — Repairing  Peary's 
i-elief  ship — World  explorers. 


PART  SIX— GENEALOGICAL ■.  .  . Pages  379-128 

Explanation  of  figures  in  genealogical  record — Looking  up  his  family 
tree — A  noteworthy  statement  by  the  author — Synopsis  of  the  four  main 
limbs,  branches  and  twigs  of  the  genealogical  tree — Chart  of  Williams  of 
Ruthin,  Wales — Chart  of  (3)  Joseph  Williams — Chart  of  (3)  Anne  Williams 
(Patterson) — Chart  of  (3)  Robert  Williams— Chart  of  the  author's  family — 
Chart  of  (4)  Ruthanna  Williams  (Murdock) — Chart  of  (4)  Sarah  Angelina 
Williams  (Weeks'! — Chart  of  (4)  Seth  Oliver  W^illiams— Chart  of  (3)  Mary 
Williams  (Hampton) — Chart  of  (3)  Peninah  Williams  (Gibbons) — Chart  of 
(3)  Martha  Williams  (Stanton)— Chart  of  (3)  Samuel  B.  Williams— Chart 
of  (2)  John  Shoebridge  Williams — Chart  of  (3)  Benjamin  Franklin  Williams 
—Chart  of  (3)  Robert  Fulton  Williams— Chart  of  (3)  Anne  Shoebridge  Wil- 
liams (Beman) — Chart  of  (3)  Joseph  Patterson  Williams — Chart  of  (3)  Sarah 
Jane  Williams  (Farmer)— Chart  of  (3)  Martha  Belle  Williams  (Van  Yleck). 


PART  SEVEN— CITY  OF  ST.  LOUIS  AND  VICINITY Pages  429-468 

Founding  of  St.  Loui.s — Indian  treaties — Pierre  Laclede  Ligueste — City 
incorporated  3822- — Interesting  items  regarding  the  early  city — Indians  of 
Missouri — Elijah  P.  Lovejoy  and  his  printing  press  at  Alton — Old  Fort  Belle- 
fontaine  near  St.  Louis — Round  tower  at  St.  Louis — First  court  house  in- St. 
Louis — Chouteau's  Pond  in  1840  and  18.50— Selling  slaves  in  St.  Louis — Old 
Union  Steam  mill — The  city  jail  in  1870 — The  big  mound^The  Eads  Bridge 


SYNOPSIS    OF    TA15LE    OK    CONTENTS  XXIII. 


—  linniuiu's  Ildtel— Fii'st  iuito  license — Dow  iMdWii  sci-lioii  of  SI.  Louis  in  llHr. 
— Evolution  of  the  strcd  i-;iihvay — Intorurhaii  railways — Illinois  ti'action 
system — City  improvpinciil,  widoiino'  Twelfth  street — St.  Louis  as  a  fui'  mar- 
ket—Facts about  St.  Louis— City  parks— Growth  of  St.  Louis  since  1828— 
War  losses  of  the  Unite,!  States,  showino'  :!4.S44  killed  in  action— The  tin. 
epidemic  of  lOlfl  and  the  moi'tality  rat( — The  Hu  iiuu'e  disastrous  than  the 
World  War — Ancient  tin  epidemics — Flu  statistics — Telephone  statistics — 
Mississippi  River  traffic  and  the  new  haroe  line. 


PART  EIGHT- OIUTUARIES Pases  469-496 

Mark  Antony's  eulogy  of  Julius  Caesar — Gettysburg  Addi'ess  of  Abraham 
Lincoln — Senator  Vest's  tribute  to  the  dog  as  man's  friend — Longfellow  on 
our  dumb  companions — Mortuary  statement  regarding  my  friend,  Hoyt  H. 
Green — M.  P.  Williams'  eulogy  on  Hoyt  H.  Gi'cen — Letter  to  Ruggles- 
Coles  Engineering  Company,  on  the  death  of  their'  pi'csident — Eulog.v 
on  the  life  and  death  of  Samuel  Grigg^^Short  eulogy  upon  the 
death  of  Porter  Pleasant,  and  a  letter  of  •  condolence — Eulogy  on  the 
life  and  death  of  Thomas  H.  Howard,  ray  old  companion — Eulogy  of 
Thomas  Richards — Letter  of  condolence  upon  the  death  of  Mrs.  A.  G.  Olds 
— My  suggestion  of  a  triumphal  arch  in  Forest  Park  in  memory  of. our  soldier 
boys  who  died  in  the  late  war — Let  the  coui't  house  stand — Eulogy  on  Charles 
G.  Henning — Eulogy  on  my  father  Robert  Williams  by  Robert  W.  Hampton 
— Obituary  of  Robert  W.  Hampton  by  his  wife,  Anna — Notes  on  Robert  Edwin 
Peary,  and  the  Farthest  North,  and  comments  by  the  author — Oldest  pho- 
tographer in  St.  Louis,  Emil  Boehl,  and  his  death — Death  of  the  Roman 
Antoninus  Pius — Meditations  of  a  Roman  General  on  life  and  death — Tribute 
to  Death  by  the  Persians — Bryant's  Thanatopsis — Gray's  Elegy — Sir  Walter 
Raleigh's  apostrophe  to  Death — The  author's  statement  of  his  belief — Honor 
to  our  St.  Louis  dead — Poem  in  memoi-iam — A  new  Thanatopsis — Whittier's 
serene  trust  as  a  Quaker — Reipiiescat  in  ])ace — Extract  fi'om  Whittier's 
"Snow  Bound" — A  Quaker's  bi'oad  charity — The  Best  Authority  on  death 
and  resurrection. 


PART  NINE— MAUSOLEUMS Pages  97-510 

Reason  for  this  section — Meaning  of  the  word — The  first  mausoleum  of 
King  Mausolus  at  Halicarnassus — Emperor  Hadrian — And  mausoleum  of 
the  Castle  of  San  Angelo — Taj  Mahal,  at  Agi-a,  India — Westminster  Abbey  in 
London — Lincoln's  Tomb — Grant's  Tomb  —  Garfield's  Tomb — McKinle.v's 
Tomb — Mausoleum  at  Canipo  Santo,  Genoa,  Italy — Grandview  Mausoleum, 
Alton,  Illinois — Mausoleum  at  Toronto,  Canada — Mausohnnn  at  BniTalo,  N.  Y. 
— Rose  Hill  Mausoleum,  Chicago — Valhalla  Cemetery  at  St.  Louis.  Mo. — A 
Grand  American  Monument  at  Washington,  D.  .0 


XXIV.  THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


PART  TEN— APPENDIX Pages  51 1-562 

Wills  of  various  Edward  Williamses  and  abstracts — Abstracts  of  other 
Williams  wills  found  by  Constance  White — List  of  wills  and  administrations, 
1720-1727 — Williams  coat  of  arms — The  Williams  family  by  Eleanora  Lexing- 
ton— Records  of  Denbigh  and  his  Lordship — Roger  Williams  and  the  Quakers 
in  America — The  New  England  Williamses — Abstract  of  will  of  Thomas  Wil- 
liams, 1757 — Notes  from  records  of, Carteret  County,  N.  C,  by  D.  W.  Morton 
showing  property  bought  by  Robert  Williams  and  deed  of  trust  sales  by  him 
— Extracts  from  court  records  regarding  the  salt  works  built  by  Robert  Wil- 
liams— Only  record  found  of  the  will  of  Robert  Williams — Report  of  the  exec- 
utors of  Robert  Williams'  will — Letter  from  Cousin R.  W.  Hamilton — Morton's 
letter  on  the  Stanton  family — Data  by  Cousin  Flora  Williams  regarding  rec- 
ollections of  Aunt  Sarah  Williams — Parents'  record  from  the  Bible  of  John 
Shoebridge  Williams — Record  of  children,  marriages  and  deaths  from  John 
Shoebridge  Williams'  Bible — Some  others  of  the  Williams  family  name,  with 
their  addresses  and  business  rating  by  Boyd's  City  Dispatch — Record  of  Car- 
teret Lodge  regarding  the  grave  of  ray  Great-grandfather  Robert  Williams — 
Fui'ther  reminiscences  of  Muscatine,  Iowa—Robert  AVilliams  Surgeon— James 
A.  Fisher's  letter  regarding  locomotive  brought  across  the  Mississippi  River 
on  the  ice — Great-uncle  John's  statement  regarding  "Religions" — Andrew 
Carnegie's  Memoirs — Questions  b3^  Thomas  A.  Edison  and  answers  thereto — 
Trip  liy  the  author  and  Mrs.  Williams  in  their  auto  to  Mason  City,  Iowa — 
Closing  statement  by  the  editor.      ■ 


THE  WILLIAMS  HISTORY 


THE  WILLIAMS  HISTORY 


PART    ONE 


How   old   is   Man? 


Cut  No.   1 — Reproflucf 


Xational   Geographic   ]\Iagazine   representi 
man,  or  the  cave  chveller. 


Our  present  historical  records  begin  in 
Egypt  and  the  country  near  tlic  Tigris  and 
Euphi-ates  rivers,  and  go  l)acls;  about  5,000 
years,  but  the  first  dim  indications  of  anytliing 
that  can  properly  be  called  history  do  not  go 
further  back  than  7,000  years. 

How  small  a  length  of  time  seems  the  pei-iod 
of  historical  records,  when  we  compare  such 


records  Mitli  the  mute  evidences  of  the  life  of 
man  which  have  been  found  only  within  the 
last  200  years,  and  mainly  in  central  France. 
These  relics  are  in  the  shape  of  carvings  on 
ivory  and  paintings  on  stone  and  bone,  juad" 
by  hands  long  since  crumbled  to  dust,  awd 
pei-haps  in  some  cases  preserved  by  coverings 
of  material  that  prevented  the  corroding  action 
of  air,  and  had  kept  out  the  moisture,  which 


THE     WILLTA]\rS    HISTORY 


powei-fiilly  upon  the  gran- 
Is   of    wliicli    oui-   eai-tli    is 


two  elemonts 
ite   and    all    n 
composed. 

The  Avhite  man  lias  not  been  an  important 
element  in  history  for  mueh  more  than  3,000 
years.  Less  than  1liat  time  ago  a  new  race 
eame  out  of  Kfaiiee,  wliieli  race  'was  formed 
by  the  combination  of  men  from  Denmark  and 
the  Scandinavian  countries,  who  as  sea  roveis 
and  sea  i-obbers  comjuei-ed  and  settled  the 
northern  part  of  Fi-ance,  and  combined  in  time 
with  the  inhabitants  to  form  that  powerful  I'ace 
of  Normans  from  Normandy  or  northern 
.France,  which  spread  over  England  and  all  the 
Bi'itish  Isles,  and  fronr  which  the  present  stub- 
born race  of  Britain  is  descended.  They  also 
formed  a  new  type  of  race  in  Finance. 

All  through  Finance,  Great  Hi-itain  and  Eu- 
I'ope  there  are  traces  of  four  oi-  five  different 
types  of  man.  all  of  which  types  may  be  dis- 
cerned today  in  the  population  of  Europe. 
These  i-aces  oi-  types  of  men  seemingly  eame 
from  sonu^  iiai't  of  .Asia,  hut  i)i'<'vi<ius  to  tlicir 
coming  was  a  I'ace  of  man  that  has  no  di'sccud- 
ants  today,  as  far  as  known.  This  race  also 
came  from  Asia,  and  is  called  the  "Cro-^Iag- 
non.'"  A  race  of  hunters — strong,  w(>ll  built, 
having  considerable  ai'tistic  ability  as  shown  by 
their  carvings,  drawings  and  paintings,  of  the 
mammoth  Bison,  aurocs,  i-hinoceros,  horse, 
reitideei-,  cave  bear  and  cave  lion,  which  have 
been  found  in  the  caves  of  France.  Think  of 
such  a  i-aee  living  25,000  to  80,000  years  ago, 
and  now  entirely  vanished  from  the  earth  after 
having  reached  considerable  height  in  what 
might  be  called  civilization,  when  we  consider 
their  predecessors. 

Previous  to  this  noble  race  of  Innitei's  who 
have  left  their  I'l-lics  in  the  ca\es  of  France, 
Avas  a  race  that  «  a  ;  not  i-elatcd  at  all  to  these 
Cro-Magnons,  Init  apjiai-ently  eame  from  Asia 
and  lived  for  twice  that  pei-iod  of  time  fi'om 
the  present  day  to  the  time  of  Cro-Magnon,  or 
50,000  years,  in  those  same  caves,  fighting  for 
their  lives  against  the  cave  bear,  the  saber 
tooth  tiger,  the  mammoth  and  the  woolly  rhinos 
of  that  third  interglacial  pei'iod. 

Some  60  years  ago  a  skull  of  one  of  these 
men  was  found  in  a  cave  called  "La  Chappelle- 
aux-Saints"  near  Correze,  Prance,  which  is  in 


the  Yt'/.cvr  valle.v.  These  men  wei'e  sipiat, 
bui'l.A'.  big-headed  thick  skull  savages,  with 
bi'ows  projecting  <)\ov  cavei'uous  eyes,  knees 
permancjitly  bent,  and  .jaws  abnost  chinless. 
This  is  indicated  by  this  skull  found  about  60 
yeai's  ago  in  a  Fail'  state  of  ]ii-cs<'i'vation.  and 
along  with  the  bones  of  the  woolly  i-hinocei'os, 
musk-ox,  i-eindeer  and  steppe  horse  which 
swai'incd  over  the  laml. 

Primitive  tools  of  flint  and  other  stone  were 
the  only  implements  they  had  to  defend  them- 
selves and  to  gain  their  food,  mainly  from  ani- 
mals nearly  as  wild  as  themselves.  They  did 
not  ha\('  bread  noi'  cultivate  the  ground  and 
could  not  therefore  in  that  sense,  be  said  to 
"earn  their  bread  by  the  sweat  of  their  brow." 
They  M'ere,  ho>\ever,  might.v  hunters,  consider- 
ing till'  animals  they  had  to  fight  against  and 
with:  and  they  spread  all  over  Europe 
although  thinly,  as  the  relics  that  have  been 
found  surely  indicate.  They  were  not  our 
ancestors,  h(>wever,  and  the  C'ro-Magnous  who 
followed  them  wim'i'  not  descended  from  them. 
At  the  tiiiK'  that  these  Neanderthal  men  lived 
in   Fin'ope,  the  Uritish   Isles  A\ere  connected  to 

I'rior  to  this  race  of  savages  the  only  man 
I  hat  we  at  in-eseut  can  locate  are  three  races  or 
types  of  man  known  as  the  "Piltdown"  or  near 
man,  a  being  seemingly  but  half  human  and 
possessing  eight   canine-like  teeth. 

Before  him  was  the  type  called  -'Heidel- 
burg"  man  who  lived  in  the  warm  second  intei'- 
glaeial  iieriod.  He  was  a  chinless  being  whose 
ja\\-  was  still  so  primitive  it  must  have  made 
his  s]ieech  iin|ierfect,  and  he  was  much  lower 
than  any  existing  savage  of  the  pres(>nt  day. 

Prior  to  him  is  the  earliest  man  yet  found, 
whom  we  call  the  ape  man  of  Java,  a  pre- 
human creature,  who  lived  ])robably  500,000 
years  ago.  At  this  time  the  mammals  which 
for  ages  had  existed  as  small  warm-blooded 
beasts  of  low  type,  developed  along  many  dif- 
ferent lines,  including  that  of  the  primates  and 
anthropoid  apes,  aiul  finally  the  half  human 
predecessor  of  man  himself.  Whether  man  ever 
descended  fi'om  th(>  apes  was  never  fuU.v 
pi'oven  by  l)ai'\vin,  the  great  exiionent  of  the 
theory,  and  it  is  remarkable  that  amongst  all 


MKX    OF    TITK    STOXK    A( 


ihesc  iTlics, 
found,  showi 


iiJi'iimst,    and    li 
thcii-  (iwii  Mi'v  a 


and   I  a' 
ivcd  i  ii 


icli  of  tlicsc  I'aci's  of  iiicii  came  from  soiiit' 
III  hicality  in  x\sia,  spi'ead  over  the  wor'ld 
y  kiirw  it  at  theii'  tinu',  I'o.se  some  dt'grt''' 
I-  mode  of  life,  and  then  di.'d  and  left  no 


howinf;   Sorrow's    Route. 


It  is  aJ.so  remai-kahle  that  man's  researches 
have  not  been  able  to  find  the  central  point  of 
origin  of  the  hiuuan  I'aee  and  have  only  l>een 
able  to  locate  it  somewhere  in  Central  Asia. 
It  has  been  the  conclusion  of  snch  men  as  Os- 
boi'H,  -who  has  recently  published  "Men  of  the 


mankimi,  always  better  than  its  predecessor, 
Imt  not  dev<'loping  from  those  who  inhabited 
the  land  they  entered.  Some  place  in  Asia  was 
the  nursery  from  which  each  race  of  man  Avas 
sent  out  fully  developed,  and  always  better 
developed  than  the  race  2o,000  or  100.000  years 


THE    WILLIAMS     Ills  TOR Y 


previously  iiiliabitiiig  the  Eiu'opean  countries. 
It  is  only  by  comparison  of  the  strata  of  the 
earth  or  rocks,  and  comparison  of  the  bones  of 
animals  found  alons'  with  the  bones  nf  man- 
kind, that  the  estimate  of  time  ean.  l)e  made: 
but  it  is  certain  that  it  took  luaiiy  -lo'es  for  the 
growth  of  man  upward  from  the  time  of  the 
"rough  stone'"  to  the  "polished  stone  age,'' 
through  the  "bronze  age'"  and  within  sight  of 
our  present  historical  records   A\ineh    fdnii    mi 


very  small  a  fraction  of  the  tin 
mankind  of  some  type  oi'  othi 
our  eai'th. 


dui'iii-  wh 


In  winding  up  the  article,  Dv.  Osborn's  con- 
chisions  are  stated  tentatively— that  is,  scien- 
tifically— as  strong  iiroba1iilities  not  certain- 
ties: they  are  as  follows,  ;)n(l  lliey  i-cpi'esent  the 
conelusidHs  A\liieli  are  in  accord  ^vith  our  pres- 
ent knowledge. 


From  the  eai'licst  I'aleoli 
times.  Western  Euro])e  was  i 
human  evolution.  It  did  ii 
single  species  of  iiiaii.  nor  did 
in  any  marked  ,'voliili,.n  ,„•  1 
liuman  tyjies.  The  main  i-aei 
place  to  the  Eastwar.l,  wlien 
live  and  aftcrwai-ds  modei-i 
found  their  way  Westward. 

Of  all  the  raees  of  i'alro 
appeared  in  I'hii-opc.  no  mir 
any  other:  tliey  all  siieeessi\ 
formed.  Thm'eroic  the  fain 
of  descent  of  tlie  i-a<'es  of  ilic  < 
sist  of  a  numbei-  of  cnlirely  > 
which  had  been  eomplelely 
Eastern  mass  of  tln>  ureat  En 


:level( 
■asiati 


?onti 


a1  that  tiuK 

.     It 

lies, 

ai-e   scatter 

d    ov 

the 

iidiabited   '. 

earlv 

cut. 

shin-t,  well 

)iiilt 

The  sudden  ap])earanec  in  Europe  some 
25,000  years  ago  of  a  human  race  with  a  high 
order  of  brain  was  not  a  local  leap  foi-ward,  or 
the  result  of  a  long  process  of  evolution  else- 
where. Throughout  the  whole  period  there  was 
a  long  slow  process  of  checkered  progress, 
marked  by  the  rise  and  fall  of  races,  of  cultures 
and  of  industries. 


THE  (.)1UG1X  OF  THE  WJ-M.SU  I'EOFLE. 

at   Ihc   island.'- 
re  part  of  tin 


Ages  ago.   Geologists  st 
that  now  form  Great  l'>rit, 


main  land  of  Euroi3e.  The  inhabitants  of  what 
is  now  Wales  and  Great  Britain  woi-e  stunted 
savages,  living  in  caves,  using  stone  hatchets. 
and  like  imi^lements,  and  not  cultivating  the 
soil  iioi'  herding  cattle.  They  were  the  men  of 
the  ■river  drift" — that  is,  the  early  men  called 
Paleolithic  nn.Mi  who  lived  among  the  trash  and 
di-ift  fi-t))n  the  melting  of  the  glaciers  that  pre- 
viousl.A-  eovei-ed  the  whole  European  continent. 
What  fe\^■  relics  have  been  found  of  this  race 
of  men,  indicate  that  they  have  nothing  in 
common  \\itli  any  tribe  or  race  of  the  present 


Ages  passed  and  the  climate  grew  milder. 
Volcanic  changes  occurred  in  other  pai-ts  of 
Europe,  causing  the  land  along  the  ocean  to 
change  its  elevation,  to  sink  in  some  places  and 
rise  in  others.  ]'>y  these  changes,  the  islands 
that  we  ]iow  know  as  the  British  Isles,  became 
separated  from  the  mainland  and  a  new  race 
of  men  appeared  who  still  used  crude  imple- 
in.Mits  of  stone,  but  m\ieh  nu)rc  perfect  than 
those  of  the  nnm  of  the  "i-iver  drift."  They 
also  <Milti\atcil  the  soil  and  had  herds  of  domes- 
lie  animals,  and  fi'om  the  thread  of  their  own 
s|)innin,u    foiini'il     garments    to    ])rotect    them 

;!nd    eromleehs    iioM'    found    in    (ii-e;it    l>ritain. 
Their    govei-nment    was    i)atriai-ehal.    in    which 


)al 


■iests  wei-,'  the  only  rulers 
;)Ugh1  fi-om  the  tcnnlis  that 
!i-itaiu,  that  these  people 
of  the  laud.  They  were 
with  bla(d<  hair  and  dark 
eoniph'xions.  Their  pli,\'sical  characteristics 
were  much  like  the  Iberian  race  of  Avestern 
Europe.  At  the  present  day  in  many  of  the  less 
settled  ])arts  of  Ireland,  Scotland  and  Wales, 
men  (if  similar  characteristics  are  fouu^l — that 
IS,  sin.rt,  sti-ong,  dark  haired  and  dark  skinned 
men  who  are  doubtless  desceutlants  of  these 
Xeolithie  men,  who  followed  the  earliest  sav- 
ages in  possession  of  Britain. 


It   w; 


th 


who 


abited  the 
I  by  the  Celts, 
that  separated 
It  is  not  known 


THE    TWO    CELT 


INVASIONS 


when  this  invasion  hcufin.  ikiv  Imw  lonsi  it 
lasted.  It  miitht  luivc  hiM-ii  jioiiij;'  (in  for  yrars 
or  foi-  a  century,  hut  it  is  known  that  tliis  Celtic 
invasion  consisted  of  two  groups  or  races  of 
men.  The  first  jiroup  have  their  descendants 
in  the  lliglilands  of  Scotland,  the  Isle  of  Man, 
and  tile  people  who  speak  Gaelic  in  Iirland. 
These  first  ( -elts  were  called  Goidels,  which  in 
iiuxlern  lan!i;uage  means  Gaels,  and  which  we 
IhinU  of  as  the  Flighlandi'rs  of  Scotland. 


After    III 

ui\     \('ai's 

imasion    li 

<1   si.ira.l 

vaders    ha' 

liaeilicd 

which    this 


Celt 


itiveiiess  as  well  as  the  stuhborn  will 
and  never  knows  when  it  is  licked, 
never  gives  up,  have  come  down  to  1 
race  inhabiting  England  and  Wales. 
Iluxley  says  that  the  only  lacc  in  i 
before  the  coming  of  tlic  Celts  was 
skinned,  dark-haired  nicn  that  \\rr 
Iberians  of  the  South. 

England  and  Wales  until  a 
century  before  Christ,  when  a 
tician  named  Pytheas.  set  sail  1 
Alarsrillrs  in  France  on  the  .M< 


that  fights 
because  it 
he  pi-csent 

I'rofessor 
he  islan.ls 

the   ,lark- 


the  four 
:  matheii 
•hat  is  IK 


Cut  No.  3— Tlie  Wilds  of  Snowdon. 


the  early  inlialiitants,  another  inva.sion  by  the 
Celtic  race  occurred  from  another  bi'anch.  This 
second  invasion  forced  the  early  celts  to  the 
westward  into  Wah^s  and  Ireland,  and  to  the 
North  into  the  Highlands  of  Scotland,  where 
tlieir  descendants  now  li\-e.  The  secoiul  gi'oup 
of  Celts  wer(>  called  (Jauls  oi-  Brythons,  from 
which  we  get  the  mndei-ii  liritons,  and  they 
seem  to  liave  lieen  stronger  physically  than  the 
first  Celts,  as  they  succeeded  in  driving  them 
out  of  England.  These  light-haired  Celts  fol- 
lowed up  and  drove  out  the  short  dai'k-skinncd 
Cells.      It    is    evident    that    the    great    .stick-to- 


passed  around  Spain  aiul  through  the  "Pillai-s 
of  Hercules.''  now  called  Gibraltar,  and  sailed 
North  along  the  coast  of  France  until  he 
reached  the  Southern  coast  of  England.  He 
nuide  a  landing  there  and  endeavored  to 
ari'ange  foi'  trade  with  the  inhabitants  who 
Avere  said  to  have  mines  of  tin.  He  then  sailed 
to  the  mouth  of  the  Rhine  and  went  back  across 
France  bj'  land,  for  at  that  time  sea  voyages 
were  looked  upon  as  extremely  dangerous,  and 
those  who  passed  the  Rock  of  Gibraltar  into  the 
Atlantic  scarcely  expected  ever  to  reach  their 
homes  again. 


TUE    WILLIAMS    IIISTOKY 


When  Caesar  with  his  legions  conquered  all 
Ganl,  he  looked  for  new  worlds  to  coniiuer,  and 
the  Avhite  chalk  cliffs  of  England  aroused  his 
curiosity.  He  took  his  con(|uering-  legions 
across  the  channel  eai'ly  one  morning,  fifty-five 
years  before  Christ,  and  made  a  landing  on  the 
Southern  coast  of  England  at  what  is  now 
Deal.  The  savages  opposed  his  landing  and 
storms  scattered  bis  ships  so  that  he  was  glad 
to  m:d<e  a  truce  with  tlic  warrior  tribes  and 
I'eturned  to  Ronu'.  The  foUowing  year,  how- 
ever, he  again  invaded  England  and  after  many 
battles  succeeded  in  1)riiigin.'i-  tlu^  islands  niuh'i' 


Welsh  people,  and  their  history  under  succes- 
sive rulei's  or  invaders  of  Clreat  Britain.  It 
was  not  until  the  time  of  Edward  the  First, 
King  of  England,  that  Wales  was  brought  into 
acknowledged  subjection  to  England's  King. 
This  little  promontory  composing  Wales  is  only 
135  miles  long.  North  and  South,  and  95  miles 
wide.  Its  Northern  part  diminishes  to  35  miles. 
It  has  about  1,800,000  inhabitants  at  present, 
and  something  over  7,000  scpiare  miles.  So 
when  we  see  some  shoi't,  stocky,  dark-skinned 
son  of  a  Welshman,  we  will  undei-stand  that 
lie  iirohiibly  came  from  the  eai-ly  inhalntants  of 


Cut  No.   4— Twilight   after   a   storm,   Dinas   M:indwa\ 


Roman  rule.  Tlic  wild  iiuiuntainous  parts  of 
Wales  were  inbai)ited  by  men  who  lield  out 
against  all  attacks,  but  the  Romans  proceeded 
to  make  through  that  marshy  land,  a  scries  or 
net  work  of  roads  like  the  Roman  highways 
of  their  native  bind,  •which  I'oads  were  so  Avell 
built  that  they  are  used  to  this  day  two  thou- 
saml  years  after  they  were  made.  England 
and  Wales  remained  under  Roman  rule  for  five 
centuries  and  when  the  Romans  left  the  coun- 
try unpi'otected,  the  Picts  and  Scots  took  ad- 
vantage of  their  leaving  to  enter  and  assume 
the  rulership  of  the  Early  liritous.  That  is  as 
far  as  we  need  to  gii  in  tracing  the  origin  of  the 


that  country  and  is  a  descendant  of  the  first 
('(>ltic  invasion.  On  the  other  haitd,  a  blue- 
eyed,  fair-skinned,  light-haired  Britisher  is 
probably  a  descendant  of  the  Brithonic  type 
of  the  second  Celtic  invasion. 

But  in  reality  in  this  genealogical  book  it  is 
only  designed  to  give  a  brief  sketch  of  the 
writer's  understanding  of  the  first  great  cause 
of  our  tribe  of  the  Welshmen,  and  that  he  be- 
longed to  the  Celtic  ti'ibe:  and  the  best  author- 
ity goes  to  prove  that  in  his  coming  and  devel- 
opment and  starting  point  possibly  from  Asia 
or  perchance,  from  Asia  jMinor,  that  the  early 
beginning    was    bloodthirsty    and    contentious. 


BIRTHPLACE   OF   ROISEIIT    WILLIAMS 


All  of  the  races  in  fact  which  eman;ited  i'l-oiu 
Asia  Minor  oi-  Asia  more  j)roporly,  were  at 
war  and  war  is  still  going  on  between  the  Ger- 
mans and  French,  the  Turks  and  the  English, 
so  that  in  this  year  of  1918  it  would  seem  by 
the  World's  greatest  war  that  instead  of  the 
ascendancy  and  enlightenment  of  man,  we  are 
descending  and  going  back  to  Harltai'ism. 

But  "sufficient  unto  the  day  is  the  evil 
thereof."  While  it  re(inired  many  bimdrctls  of 
years  to  tone  down  the  members  of  the  human 
family  and.  cause  them  to  be  law  abiding  citi- 
zens, in   tile  Gei-man   race   it   has   cropped   out 


appeared  on  this  cai'tli. 

Therefore  the  )-eadei-s  must  <lra\v  iMUiclusions 
as  best  they  can  and  take  the  wiiter's  ideas  for 
what  thry  ai-c  worth  as  to  the  tirst  great  cause 
oi-  ('\-()lutioii  of  mankind. 

HISTORY    OF   RUTHIX.   WALES. 

Ruthin,  or  Rhuddddin  as  it  is  sometimes  re- 
ferred to  in  early  records,  is  located  in  Den- 
bighshire, Wales.  It  is  an  extremely  old  town, 
having  ))een  an  ancient  British  fo!-tress  prior  to 
the  time  of  Edward  the  First.  The  Jiame,  free- 
ly translated,  means  "red  and  brown  town," 
licinii-  (Icrivi'd  from  a  sti'atnm  of  red  fi'eestone 


mo)-e  bloodthirsty  than  in  previous  years.  W'e 
had  hoped  and  still  hope  for  the  toning  down 
of  Humanit,y.  Let  us  continue  to  hope  that 
Democracy  may  pervade  the  whole  world  after 
this  inhuman  war  is  over,  and  in  presenting 
these  few  prefaces  of  the  origin  and  evolution 
of  mankind  we  show  the  engravinsis  of  prehis- 
toric wildness  in  Wales  to  call  the  attention  of 
the  reader  more  vividly  than  by  any  other 
means  to  the  evolution  of  nmn  alongside  acts 
of  the  Great  Architect,  the  Lord  of  all,  and  his 
book  of  knowledge  handed  down  to  the  genera- 
tions following  each  otlu-r  ever  since  nuui  tii'st 


pervadinii'  tlu-  sui-rounding  country.  The  to^vn 
of  Ruthin  from  the  earliest  days  of  its  exist- 
ence has  been  used  as  a  liattlegroimd  by  one 
faction  after  another  until  many  of  the  early 
records  havt'  been  destroyed  or  lost,  hi  1400 
Owain  Glyndwe,  in  I'cvolt  again.st  Henry  the 
Fourth,  attacked  the  place  during  a  Fair  and 
captured  the  town,  although  the  castle  held  out 
successi'ully.  During  the  struggle  between  the 
soldiei's  of  Cromwol]  and  the  Monarchy  the 
town  was  the  scene  of  several  bitter  struggles. 
In  1(U4  an  attack  was  made  by  the  Parlia- 
ment::ry    trooi)s    under    Col.    :\lytton,    liut    the 


THE     WILLIAMS     HISTORY 


Royalist  garrison  beat  oS  the  attack.  In  1646 
Col.  Myttou  made  another  attempt  to  capture 
Ruthin,  and  after  long  and  savage  fighting  suc- 
ceeded. The  fortifications  were  all  demolished 
after  the  garrison  had  surrendered.  Only  a 
few  ruins  of  the  ancient  castle  remain.  Near 
the  present  town  hall  of  Ruthin  is  a  crude 
block  of  limestone  called  MaenHuail  on  which 
it  is  said  the  celebrated  Prince  Arthur  behead- 
ed his  rival  Huail.  Another  quaint  reminder 
of  the  early  days  is  Ruthin-mill.  On  its  east- 
ern gable  is  a  red  stone  cross. 

Mv    ancestors    came    from    Xorthei'ii    Wales 


extensive  it  is  one  of  the  most  pictures(iue 
countries  in  the  world,  a  country  in  which  Na- 
ture displays  herself  in  her  wildest,  boldest 
and  occasionally  most  lovely  forms.  The  in- 
habitants, who  speak  an  ancient  and  peculiar 
language,  do  not  call  this  i-egion  AVales  nor 
themselves  Welsh.  They  call  themselves 
CymiT  or  Cumry  and  their  eounti-y  Cymru,  or 
the  land  of  the  Cumry.  Wales  or  Wallia,  how- 
ever, is  the  true,  proper  and  without  doubt 
original  name,  as  it  relates  not  to  any  partic- 
ular race,  which  at  pi-esent  inhalnts  it,  or  may 
bav(>  sojourned  in  it  at   any  long  bygone  pe- 


1- 

- 

t  ■;._ 

:  ~             z        -^ 

ru 


Xo.   fi— Balan  Lake 


ig  the  Aran  Mountain  and  Cedar  Tdr 


and  thcrcfdi'c  it  is  of  intei-cst  to  know  what 
>;took,  and  wliat  cii'i-iuiistances  and  suiToiaul- 
ings  had  tlieii-  intlnence  upon  my  ))rogenitors, 
that,  descending  through  our  family  trees,  ac- 
count for  the  influence  upon  our  lives  and 
those  of  oui-  descendants.  Therefore  the  fol- 
lowing quotation  from  ' ' Borrows  Wild  Wales, 
written  by  Geoi'ge  Borrow  in  1S54,  and  illustra- 
tions of  the  scenery  of  Northei-n  Wales  that 
was  familiar  to  our  ancestors,  are  here  intro- 
duced : 

"Wales  is  a  country  intei-estinu-  in  many 
respects  and  deserving  of  moi'e  attention  than 
it   has   hitherto   met   with.      Though    not    verv 


i-iod,  but  to  the  country  itself.  Wales  signifies 
a  land  of  mountains,  of  vales,  of  dingles, 
chasms,  and  springs. 

"But  it  is  not  for  its  scenery  alone  that 
Wales  is  deserving  of  being  visited;  scenery 
soon  palls  unless  it  is  associated  Avith  remark- 
able events  and  the  names  of  remarkable  men. 
Perhaps  there  is  no  country  in  the  whole  Avorld 
which  has  been  the  scene  of  events  more  stir- 
ring and  remarkable  than  those  recorded  in 
the  history  of  Wales.  What  other  country  has 
been  the  scene  of  a  struggle  so  deadly,  so  em- 
bittered, and  protracted  as  that  between  the 
Cumro  and  the  Saxon?     A  struggle  which  did 


FAMors  \vAi{i;[()i;s  ok  •walks 


not  terminate  at  Caernarvon,  ^\■\n^n  Kihvanl 
Jjous'shanks  foistctl  his  youn^'  son  ii|)(iii  the 
Welsh  Chieftains  as  Prinee  of  Wales:  l.iit  was 
kept  up  until  the  battle  of  Koswoi-th  Kield, 
when  a  prinee  of  Cuiiiric  blood  won  the  erowii 
of  fair  Britain  \eut\nig  tlic  olden  ^\old  Axhich 
had  cheered  the  hunts  ot  the  Antic nt  Hiitons 
foi'  at  least  a  thoiisind  m  us    t\t\\  in  tnius  ot 


rod  I 


[■ak 


^  full  share.  Kirst 
of  aelinii.  tliei'e  was  .Madoe,  llie  son  of  Owaili 
(i\\yne(hl.  who  discovered  America  centuries 
before  Columbus  was  born;  then  tlnii'  was 
■■Ihe  irre-idar  and  wild  ( deiHh.wcr. ' '  who 
iMimd  i(  b,  I  It  th,  u,  ol  si\t\  was  cmiu  ned 
KiiU  ot  \\  ,1  s  It  Ma(h\nlhlh  in. I  for  loiir- 
tcdi    \(ais   Lontm.d   to   Indd    his   own    auaiiist 


the  darkest  distress  and  gloom  :- 

"J Jut  after  long  pain 
Eepose  we  shall  obtain, 

When  the  sway  barbaric  has  purg'd  us  elean; 
And  Britons  shall  regain 
Their  crown  and  their  doiiiaiH, 

And  the  foreign  oppressor  be  no   more  seen." 

'■Of   remarkable    men   Wales    has    assuredly 


the  whole  power  of  England:  then  there  was 
IJyee  Ap  Thomas,  the  best  soldiei'  of  his  time, 
whose  hands  placed  the  British  crown  on  the 
brow  of  Heiiry  the  Seventh,  and  ^\liom  bluff 
Henry  tlu'  Eighth  deliohte.l  to  eall  Kather 
Pi-ee-e:  then  theiv  was— who  .'--w  li.\-,  Harry 
Morgan,  wlio  led  Ihose  li-emeiulous  fellows,  the 
Hueean<'ers,  ,-,c]-oss  ihe  Isllnnus  of  Darien  to 
Ihesaek-and  burning  (W  Panama." 


THE    WTLLT.AM8    HISTORY 


(Note. — Right  here  allow  me  to  introduce  the 
fact  that  Milton  F.  Williams,  the  author  of  this 
work,  and  his  good  wife,  Mrs.  Milton  F.  Wil- 
liams, visited  old  Panama  and  new  Panama  in 
February,  1912,  and  saw  the  ruins  of  Morgan's 
destruction  of  stone  houses  in  old  Panama  so 
long  ago  that  trees  one  foot  oi'  a  foot  and  a 
half  in  girth  had  grown  ui)  inside  of  the  walls 


him,  permitting  him  to  attain  the  noble  age  of 
ninety,  and  to  die  peacefully  and  tranquilly  at 
Jamaica,  whilst  smoking  his  pipe  in  his  shady 
arbour,  Avith  his  smiling  plantation  of  sugar- 
canes  full  in  view.  How  unlike  the  fate  of 
Harry  Morgan  to  that  of  Lolonois,  a  being  as 
daring  and  enterprising  as  the  Wel.«'hman,  but 
a  monster  Avithout  ruth  or  disei-iuiii'ation,  ter- 


4 

>% 

'j'S       ^if^*"-  "    't^^^f'^^^Mi 

'^tiB^^.^^^aiK^^^^&^^^^iW^MBMB 

Cut   No    s— n 


yet  standing  of  some  of  the  l)idldini>s  in  old 
Panama,  or  more  properly,  the  fort  aiid  aeeom- 
panying  houses.) 

"What,  a  buccaneer  in  the  list?  Ay  I  and 
why  not?  Morgan  was  a  scourge,  it  is  true, 
but  he  was  a  scourge  of  God  upon  the  cruel 
Spaniards  of  the  New  World,  the  merciless 
taskmasters  and  butchers  of  the  Indian  race, 
on  M'hich  account  God  favoured  and  prospered 


]-ible  to  friend  and  foe,  who  perished  by  the 
hands.  ]iot  of  the  Si)aniards,  but  of  the  Indians, 
who  tore  him  limb  fi-oiu  liiul),  Inu'uing  his 
mendjers,  yet  quivering,  iu  the  tire — which  very 
Indians  Morgan  contrived  to  mak'6  his  own 
firm  friends,  and  whose  difficult  lahguage  he 
spoke  with  the  same  facility  as  English,  Span- 
ish, and  his  own  South  Welsh. 

"  Fo]-   men    of   uenius,   Wales   dnriny   a   long 


FAliOrS    liAKDS    OF    WALKS 


period  was  particulai'ly  rclcln-aicd.  Who  lias 
not  heard  of  the  Wrish  I'.ai'ds .'— Ihoiiiili  it  is 
true  that,  beyond  the  hoidei-s  of  Wales,  only  a 
verj^  few  are  ac(juainted  ^vith  their  songs,  ow- 
ing to  the  language,  by  no  means  an  easy  one, 
in  which  they  were  (•onii)()seil,  Iloiunii-  to  th<'m 
all!  everlasting  glory  to  the  tlirec  greatest — 
Taliesin,  Ab  Gwlyin  and  GroinvN-  Owen:  the 
first  a  professed  Chi'istian,  but  in  i-cality  a 
Druid,  whose  poems  tiiiig  great  light  on  the 
doctrines  of  the  ])rimitive  lU'iesthood  of  Europe, 
which  corresj^ond  i-cmai'kably  witli  the  philoso- 
phy of  the  Hindus,  before  the  time  of  l^rahma  ; 
the  second,  the  grand  i)()i't  of  Nature,  the  eon- 


aliounding  with  nohlc  si-i'ii('i'.\-,  rich  in  eventful 
liistories,  and  which  arc  not  s])ai'iiigly  dotted 
with  the  bii'thplacps  of  hei'oes  and  poets,  in 
whicli  ;it  the  jnvscnt  (Uiy  thei'e  is  either  no 
liopn.lation  at  all,  or  one  of  a  character  which 
is  anything  Imt  attractive.  Of  a  coimtry  in  the 
fii-st  predicament,  the  Scottish  Highlands  af- 
ford an  example :  What  a  connti'.y  is  that  High- 
land I'Cgion  I  What  scenery,  and  what  associa- 
tions!  If  Wales  has  its  Snowdon  and  C'ader 
Idris,  the  Highlan.ls  have  their  Hill  for  the 
Water  Dogs,  and  that  of  the  Swarthy  Swine: 
If  Wales  has  a   hist.irv.  s..  have  the  Iliuhlands 


Xo.  !t — Above  Copel  Curi,?  on  tlie  Road  to  Bangor. 


temporary  of  Chaucer,  but  worth  half  a  dozen 
of  the  accomplished  Avord-master,  the  ingenious 
■y'ersifier  of  Norman  and  Italian  tales;  the 
third,  a  learned  and  irreproachable  minister  of 
the  Church  of  England,  and  one  of  the  great- 
est poets  of  the  last  century,  who  after  several 
narrow  escapes  from  starvation,  both  in  Eng- 
land and  Wales,  died  master  of  a  paltry  school 
at  New  Brunswick,  in  Noi'th  America,  some 
time  about  the  year  1780. 

"But  Wales  has  something  l)esides  its  won- 
derful scenery,  its  eventful  history,  and  its 
illustrious  men  of  yore  to  interest  the  visitor. 
Wales  has   n   population,   and    a    remarkable 


— not  indeed  so  remarkable  as  that  of  Wales, 
but  eventful  enough :  If  Wales  has  had  its  he- 
roes, its  Glendower  and  Father  Pryee,  the 
Highlands  have  had  their  Evan  Cameron  and 
Ranald  of  Moydart ;  If  Wales  has  had  its  ro- 
mantic characters,  its  Griffith  Ap  Nicholas  and 
Harry  Morgan,  the  Highlands  have  had  Rob 
Roy  and  that  strange  fellow,  Donald  Macleod, 
the  man  of  the  broadsword,  the  leader  of  the 
Fi'eacadan  Dhu.  Avho  at  Fonteno.y  caused, — the 
Lord  only  knows, — how  many  Frenchmen's 
heads  to  fly  off  their  shoulders,  who  lived  to 
the  age  of  one  hundred  and  seven,  and  at  sev- 
ent.v-one  performed  gallant  service  on  the 
Heights  of  Abraham;  wrapiied  in  who';e  plaid 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


the  dying'  Wolfe  ^vas  cari-icd  fi'oni  the  liill  of 
victory.— If  Wales  has  been  a  Ian. I  of  son- 
have  not  the  Highlands  also? — If  Wales  can 
boast  of  Ab  Gwilym  and  Gronwy,  the  High- 
lands can  boast  of  Ossian  and  Maclntyre.  In 
many  inspects  the  two  regions  ai'e  e(iua]s  or 
Jieai'ly  so.  In  one  respect,  however,  a  matter 
of  the  present  day,  and  a  very  imijortant  mat- 
ter, too,  they  are  anything  but  equals.  Wales 
has  a  population — but  where  is  tliat  of  the 
Highlands;  Plenty  of  noble  scenery,  plenty  of 
delightful  associations,  historical,  poetical,  and 
romantic — lint,  where  is  the  ]io])nlation  ? 


"All  i-an  pei'ceive  a  fault,  whei-e  there  is  one — 
A   (lii'ty  seam])    will    find    one,   where    there's 
none."' 

— George  Barrow. 

The  following  is  from  "Knightly  Legends 
of  Wales"  edited  by  Sidney  Lanier: 

"Among  the  Welsh,  indeed  as  far  liack  as 
histoi'y  can  pierce,  we  find  an  almost  ado!-ing 
i-everence  for  the  poet.  To  assume  the  fnue- 
tion  of  a  bard  is  to  assume  the  function  of 
the  wisest  man  and  best  teaehei'  in  society; 
;.nd  thei-efore  the  utmost  pains  are  taken  with 


Cut  Xo.  to— In  Anglesey  Red  Wharf  Bay.    Traethcoch  and  the  Count\   o 


"The  population  of  Wales  has  not  departed 
across  the  Atlantic,  like  that  of  the  Highlands; 
it  remains  at  home,  and  a  remarkalile  pojju- 
lation  it  is. — very  different  from  the  present 
inhabitants  of  several  beautiful  lands  of  olden 
fame,  who  have  strangely  degenerated  from 
their  forefathers.  Wales  has  not  only  a  popu- 
lation, but  a  highly  interesting  one — hardy  and 
frugal,  yet  kind  and  hospitable — a  bit  crazed, 
it  is  true,  on  the  subject  of  religion,  but  still 
retaining  plenty  of  old  Celtic  peculiarities,  and 
still  speaking — Diolch  i  Duw  ! — the  language 
of  Glendower  and  the  Bards.'' 


the  young  bard's  education  and  he  is  held 
bound  to  know  all  that  can  be  known.  Among 
the  oldest  remains  of  Welsh  Poetic  wisdom  that 
have  come  down  to  us,  are  what  were  called 
The  Triads,  in  Avhich  wise  aphorisms  and  say- 
ings are  effectively  grouped  together  by  threes. 
This  is  similar  to  the  double  arrangement  of 
King  Solomon's  pi-overbs  which  have  long  been 
quoted  as  among  the  best  maxims  for  Business 
as  well  as  Morals, — one  man  making  it  a  prac- 
tice to  present  to  every  new  omiiloyee  in  his 
office  a  copy  of  the  Proverbs  with  directions 
to  studv  them  for  his  own  benefit  and  that  of 


OLD    WELSH    POETRY 


the  company. 

The  following  four  examples  of  the  Welsh 
form  of  composition  show  an  insight  and 
breadth  which  render  them  instructive  to  the 
wisest  readei's  of  our  own  time. 

(1)  "The  thi'ee  (lualifications  of  poetry  are: 
Endowment  of  genius,  judgment  fi'om  expei'i- 


(4)  "The  three  foundations  of  learning: 
Seeing  much,  suffering  much,  and  studying 
much." 

It  would  be  difficult  to  find  more  wisdom  in 
fewer  words,  or  loftier  thought  in  simpler 
terms.  Especially  note  that  one  of  the  founda- 
tions of  judgment  is  "freciuent  mi.stakes,'"  on 


Cut   No    11— Punp  Samt 
enee,  and  happiness  of  mind. 

(2)  "The  three  primary  requisites  of  gen- 
ius: An  eye  that  can  see  Nature,  a  heart  that 
can  feel  Nature,  and  boldness  that  dares  fol- 
low Nature. 

(3)  "The  three  foundations  of  judgment: 
Bold  design,  constant  practice,  and  frequent 
mistakes. 


small  town   ii   b'Outh   W  ale> 

the  theory  that  "the  man  who  never  makes  a 
mistake  never  does  anything;'"  that,  I  think, 
should  be  supplemented  by  the  statement  that 
"he  should  never  make  the  same  mistake 
twice,"  as  that  indicates  that  he  learns  from 
his  mistakes. 

Wastefulness   shows   poor  breeding-   and  is 
sure  to  bring  Want. 

-M.  F.  W. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


The  AVelsli  are  equal  in  genius  and  intellect 
and  learning  to  any  people  under  the  sun  and 
speak  a  language  older  than  Greek  and  may 
be  the  Parent  of  the  Greek. 

No  mention  is  made  of  Quakers  in  North 
or  South  Wales  in  Borrows'  "Wild  Wales," 
except  at  or  near  Cardiff;  there  he  mentions 
a  Quaker  burying  ground  with  no  tombs,  no 
marking,  except  a  plain  slab  over  a  tomb  with 
the  following  inscription: 

"To  the  memory  of  Thomas  Edmonds,  who 
Died  April  9th,  1802,  aged  60  yrs.,  and  of  Mary 


Great  Grandfather,  Robert  Williams.  His 
father,  Edward  Williams,  according  to  the  best 
authority,  was  born  at  or  near  the  same  place. 
Ruthin  is  in  North  Wales  and  is  known  in 
Welsh  as  the  "Red  Fortress"  and  is  spelled 
Rhudd  Ddin.  The  castle  is  situated  upon  a 
hill  rising  from  the  river  Clwyd  and  the  near- 
est county  seat  to  said  castle  is.Denbig;  the 
town  itself  is  very  old,  and  according  to  a  leg- 
end of  Arthur,  it  is  told  that  his  limestone 
block  is  shown  in  the  market  place  to  this  day. 

The  town  was  connected    with    the  DeGrey 


fF 


.  ;l.  M 


m  Wale 

Edmonds,  who  died  Jany.  4th,  1810,  aged  70." 

Three  great  Quakers  were  George  Pox,  Wil- 
liam Penn  and  Joseph  Gowney.  His  mention 
of  Quakers  is  a  place,  Caerfili  Castle,  a  great 
castle  built  by  one  John  De  Bryse,  a  Norman. 

Also  near  extensive  iron  works  and  forgei 
belonging  to  one  Sir  Charles  Morgan,  which 
castle  was  ruined  by  CromAvell. 

The  Welsh  language  contains  80,000  words. 
It  has  seven  vowels. 

The  town  or  village  of  Ruthin  in  Denbigh- 
shire, North  Wales,  was  the  birthplace  of  my 


a\     A.bbey   from   the   church   yard    standing 
m   1901 

de  Ruthyn  family,  the  first  lord  of  Avhich  died 
in  1353.  Owen  Glendower.  a  warrior  of  olden 
times  riuoted  frequently  in  Borrows'  Wild 
Wales,  attacked  the  town  of  Ruthin  but  unsuc- 
cessfully in  the  year  of  1400.  Later  the  castle 
was  sold  by  the  DeGreys  to  Henry  the  Seventh, 
and  Elizabeth,  who  inherited  same,  gave  it  to 
Dudley,  Earl  of  Warwick. 

In  1646,  after  a  two  months'  siege,  the  cas- 
tle was  dismantled  by  the  parliamentarians. 
The  new  castle  occupies  the  same  site  and  is 
built  of  the  same  colored  sandstone  as  the  old 
castle.     A  free  Grammar  School  was  founded 


RUTHIN    CASTLE 


in  1595  by  Gabriel  Goodman,  dean  of  Weslinin- 
ster,  and  the  new  bnildiiiRs  wei-e  comnk't-d  in 
1893. 

The  town  of  Ruthin  is  small,  and  the  pop- 
ulation as  given  in  1901  was  2643;  but  Ruthin 
has  been  the  scene  of  many  desperate  battles 
and  has  been  twice  destroyed  by   the   eiHMiiy. 

Pictures  of  Ruthin  Castle  are  given  on  jjage 


372,  Annals.  An1  ii|iiities  of  llir  Coinilics  and 
County  Families  of  Wales,  published  hy 
Thomas  Nicholson  and  pi'inted  by  Longmans, 


Green,  Reader  &  Com 

pany. 

Pater  Nos1( 

r  Row, 

London,  England,  rr( 

Ill  wlii 

■li   cuts  Nns. 

13  and 

14  are  here  reproduc 
Loui^  Library. 

■d   rnii 

1   a   ropy   in 

llie  St. 

The   EneyeloiuMlia 

Lritai 

nica,    letli 

•dition. 

ifX^l    ^-j% 


UPphLlLr 


Lut   \  J    14— Lu 


THE    WILLIAMS    IIIHTORY 


refers  to  the  destuiction  of  Ruthiii  iii  \  nth 
"Wales  in  the  18th  ceutun,  <in(l  to  othn  inon 
or  less  complete  de&ti'uetioiis  oi  this  ('it\  l)^  I  i^ 
and  sword,  by  which  iccoids  a\cic  destiovcd 
In  the  locality  in  Caiteiet  County,  Noith  (  aio 
Una,  Avherc  our  aneestoi,  Roberi  "Williaip  of 
Ruthin,  located  m  Aincuca  fiit  also  occiiii^d 
and    destroyed    luaiij    Aaluahk     u   oids      a)\<\ 


IS  tlhit  ot  JaiK    i:    Williams    hu    daufihtcr. 

Ill  Idiiiiu  l)a(k  t.i  (  <iit(i(t  (  ouiity.  Xortli 
(  .iioliii  I  a  iiiiiiil  (1  ol  iiiteKsfiiio-  (Idcuiiieiits 
lla^e  bcui  sKuud  li\  I)  W  Moi  ton,  scan-her. 
A\hich  I  ha\(  liad  i(|)iodu(ed  and  which  are 
shoAN  11  111  I  his  his1(ii  \ 

Til.  k.omIs  „I  cMii  laniih,  as  obtained  from 
1hi     \M(1<I\     M.iltdcd    iiKiuhds,    all    aK-rec    in 


Cm  No.  15— The  D 


Mini.stc 


.MV    (IKEAT-GRAXDFATIllilR    KOUKRT 
WILLI  A.MS. 


therefore   the    writei'   has    beei 
successful  in  obtaining;    coiiics 

and  other  records   pertaiiiiiisi   to   his   ancestors  :  Iraciiiii-    hack    their    lini''  to    Kohert    Williams. 

in  those  localities.  who   was   horn   in    Rnlliin.   North   Wales.   Ajiril 

In  PiUthin,  little  is  left  o|- the  Old  Grave  Yard,  '  -'!>.  ]T2:l.  in  1h,.  Coiinty  Denbighshire,  and  died 

described    in   Borrows'   Wild  Wales;    hut     one  Septemher  4,  17!l(l,  on  his  estate  called  Dinnant 

tomb   he    states   is    left    staiulins--,    designatiiiii'  near    Beaufort,   Cartm-et    County,    North   Caro 

the  grave  of  Elizabeth   Williams,   and   an    epi-  lina.      He    \\as    of   a    roaming   disposition,    and 

taph   also   inscribed   uiuiii    the  same   tombstone  went   1o    l-jighind,   from   Mlieiice   he   is   said  to 


North  Carolina  Sfafe  Library 
Jtaleigh 


I{()[{i;in'    WILMAMS    LEAVES    WALES 


have  sailed  in  liis  own  shij)  lor  tlio  ('aroliiiaa. 
Extracts  from  the  eoui't  i-ceord.s  of  Noi'tli  (Jar- 
olina  show  that  he  bouf^ht  land  in  176;')  in  dif- 
ferent parcels  ainoiinting;  to  over  300  acres 
along  the  north  side  of  Newport  Rivei',  and  on 
both  sides  of  Black  Creek.  Various  piwchases 
of  land  amountinc:  to  4.000  acres  and  sales  bv 
iinu  ot  land  m  this  loealit\  np  to  the  tnne  of 
his  death  ni  17')(),  .ni  touinl  in  the  leeoid  of 
dc<  ds  ot  this  c()niit\       (Sie  aj)])!  ndi\  ) 


Kobeit    Williams    <  sta 
1    \e\\l)enie  and  also  a 

.hshed    t 
1    r.ea  11  lo 

.HlniK 
t,   N 

stoi  (  s 
,  aiMl 

1 

1 

Only  one  son  was  born  to  liobeit  Willi) 
and  Elizaiieth  Dearman,  his  wife.  His  n; 
is  Richard  Williams,  who  was  boin  Nov. 
1770. 

l\Y  (;REAT-(iRAM)MOTHP:i{    ANXE. 

The  second  wife  of  Robert  Williams  was 
daiif,'hter  of  Richard  Shoebridgc  an<l  Mai 
|{<lle  Hichaid  Sho.  biKlc  v.is  bom  171_' 
K<nt  En-rland,  and  Ann<,  the  daufrlit.  i 
Kichaid  .iiid  .NL'utha,  w.is  boi  n  Sept  7,  I' 
111  London  Entrland,  .ind  was  2f)  \eais  old  w 
111  1774  sh<  became  the  si  cond  Mlfc  ot  Kol 
Williams      Sh.    Incd   to  be   't7   \,ais   old 


4^, 


Cut   No.   16— Chirk  Cast 


on  one  of  his  trips  to  England  he  married  an 
English  lady,  named  Elizabeth  Dearman,  in 
the  year  1767.  It  was  a  long  trip  of  upAvurds 
of  three  months  in  a  sailing  vessel  at  that  time 
from  England  to  North  Carolina,  and  it  was 
natural  that  the  young  l3Tide  should  desire 
company.  She  prevailed  upon  her  friend.  Anne 
Shoebridge  of  Essex  or  London,  to  go  with 
them.  When  Elizabeth  Dearman  Williams  died 
in  1773  on  the  family  estate  near  Beaufort, 
Robert  Williams,  after  a  suitable  interval,  mar- 
ried on  Oct.  10,  1774,  this  friend  and  compan- 
ion of  his  first  wife. 


died  June  9,  1845,  noai-  Somerton,  Belmont 
County,  Ohio,  at  the  home  of  her  sou,  Samuel 
Williams,  my  grandfather.  During  the  latter 
10  years  of  her  life  she  was  blind,  but  was  abh^ 
to  do  plain  knitting,  although  she  had  to  de- 
pend upon  others  for  the  heels  and  toes  of  the 
socks  that  she  knitted.  It  is  of  record  tliat  in 
the  last  year  of  her  life  she  partially  recovered 
her  sight,  so  that  she  was  able  to  recognize  her 
relatives. 

A  LIVING  WITNESS. 
It  is  worthy  of  note  in  this  connection  that 
this   Anne   Shoebridge  Williams  was  seen    by 
Jane  E.  Williams,  the  oldest  sister  of  the  a-uthor 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


of  this  autobiography:  though  uow  (1919)  80 
years  old,  she  has  a  distinet  recollection  of  her 
visit  when  a  little  girl  to  Somerton,  Iiclraont 
County,  Ohio,  whore  this  blind  old  lady,  Anne 
Shoebridge  Williams,  was  living  with  her  son, 
Samuel  Williams.  She  distinctly  remembers 
that  this  C4reat  Grandmother,  Anne,  was  blind, 
hut  A\as  able  to  find  her  way  about  the  liouse 
and  that  she  was  ahvays  knitting.     Thus  the 


proac'hing  death  \\as  given  her.  ^ly  sister 
Jane  was  6  ,yea]"s  old  at  the  time  of  Great 
Grandmother's  death  in  1845,  and  remembers 
that  she  and  the  other  children  were  sent  over 
the  hill  to  Gi'andmothei-  Hampton's  house 
while  Father  and  Mother  went  to  the  funeral 
of  Great  Grandmother  Anne  at  Grandfather 
Williams'  house.  Grandfather  Hampton  and 
Grandfather   Samuel  Williams  lived   about   a 


past  of  seventy-five  years  ago  is  linked  u]i  ivith 
the  present  by  the  testimony  of  a  li\ing  wit- 
ness. Jane  Elizabeth  Williams,  my  sister. 

AiHitliei-  recollection  of  Sister  Jane  is  that 
our  mother  told  her  that  Great  Grandmother 
Anne  Shoebridge  Williams  died  while  sitting 
in  her  chair  and  that  her  Son  Samuel  (my 
grandfather)  was  holding  her  hand  when  she 
died.     Probably  some  premonition  of  hei'  ap 


mile  apart  ncai'  Somerton,  Ohio,  and  we  lived 
at  lliat  tiiiu"  between  the  two  Grandfatl'ers. 
Wlieii  a  funeral  was  at  one  house  the  children 
would  be  sent  to  the  other  liouse,  and  ovi  this 
occasion  Jane  and  her  younger  sisters,  Har.nah 
and  I\lary  Louisa,  were  sent  to  Grandmother 
Hami)ton.  Father  and  Mother  returned  from 
the  funei'al  the  same  day.  and  Great  Gi-and- 
mother  Williams  was  Iniried  in  the  Fri' nds 
burying  ground,  ,i\ist  outside  of  Somerton, 
Ohio. 


EOP.ERT    \VlLLIAl\rS    IX    NOKTII    ('AKOLIXA 


No.  IS  is  syiuljolie  of  our  great  grandlallu'i' 
Robt.  Williams  in  North  Caiolina.  Possibly 
in  those  da.ys  they  did  not  understand  the  art 
of  photography.  It  is  more  prol)al)le  -that 
artists  understood  only  the  science  of  sketch- 
ing from  imagination.  It  Avill  bring  more 
vividly  to  the  mind  of  the  reader  the  Williams 
family's  first  great  cause  in  America  liy  this 
symbolic  picture  of  our  great  grandfather 
Williams  standing  in  front  of  his  Avindow  at 
this  brick  house  near  Newberne,  Carteret  Coun- 
ty, N.  C,  a  sketch  of  Avhich  is  pre- 
sented in  another  part  of  the  book  along  M-ith 
Robt.  Williams"  history,  later  than  this  picture. 


mill,  which  w.^re  erected  about  177:!  I,y  liol.t. 
Williams,  oui-  great  j-rainlfal  h,T  from  liuthiii. 
Wales,  on  llie  old  fai'in  of  1,100  acres  in  ''ar- 
tcret  Couiily,  X.  C.  Our  great  grandfallier. 
being  a  thrifty  Welshman  and  a  live  wire  in 
1700  pei-iod,  Imving  both  a  sawmill  and  gri.st 
mill  on  the  same  dam  which  is  mentioned  in 
Uncle  .Tohn  Shoebridge  Williams'  history,  triv- 
ing  a  portion  of  his  father's  autol)iogi-aphy  in 
Carteret  County.  He  mentions  that  a  great 
freshet  came  and  destroyed  the  dam,  and  the 
water  poui'ing  ovei'  the  dam  washed  out  a  hole 
below  the  dam   about   DO  feet   in   depth.      This 

is  to  call  attention  of  the  reader  moi-e  vividiv 


Cut    \c      19— (.11   t    Mill    ml    Sawmill      t    k    bert    Williams 


Cut  No.  18— The  Quaker. 


Let  this  be  the  beginning  of  what  historical 
facts  we  have  been  able  to  find  thus  far.  Not 
even  a  tombstone,  not  even  a  death  i-ecorrl,  as 
the  town  of  Newberne  vas  destroyed  b.v  fire 
after  1776.  We  have  searched  in  Newberne, 
Beaufort,  and  made  searches  in  four  conuties 
surrounding  Carteret,  and  nothing  have  we 
found  thus  far  except  the  record  of  this  man  's 
transactions  in  real  estate,  and  the  originals 
of  several  letters  between  himself  and  the  Com- 
monwealth in  I'eference  to  him  being  employed 
to  collect  salt  from  the  marshes  for  the  Conti- 
nental Army  and  the  community  at  large. 

Cut  No.  19  represents  a  gi-ist  mill  and  saw- 


to  the  thrift  of  our  great  grandfather  arid  to 
the  fact  further  enlarged  upon,  that  this  Wil- 
liams and  the  following  Williams  were  mill 
men. 

ROBERT  WILLIAMS,  TRADER. 
Robert  Williams,  in  North  Carolina,  had  two 
mercantile  establishments,  one  at  Newberne 
and  the  other  at  Beaufort.  The  one  (No.  20^ 
showing  the  two  prairie  schooners  with  oxen 
hitched  to  same,  and  a  load  of  bay  in  the  fore- 
ground, we  will  say  represents  his  store  in 
Beaufort,  then  no  doubt  a  country  side.  This 
store  ho  operated  about  the  year  1776  and 
earlier,  aceoi'ding  to  all  authentic  accounts,  and 
this   picture   of   a    mercantile   establishment    is 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


more  to  show  that  ho  was  a  man  of  thrift  in 
those  da.y  than  for  any  other  purpose,  what  we 
would  term  in  the  year  1919  "a  live  wire"  and 
a  "leading  citizen."  This  description  compiled 
by  Milton  V.  Williams,  the  author  and  pub- 
lisher of  the  book. 

The  counterpart  picture  (No.  21)  represents 


was  larger  than  the  other  and  more  pi-etentious 
and  I  commend  the  same  to  my  followej-s  and 
they  can  judge  of  Great  Grandfather's  business 
in  these  early  days.  A  man  who  saibM  from 
London  is  his  own  ship,  and  had  two  mercan- 
tile establishments  in  the  1776  days  was  a  Tnan 
who  undoubtedly  was  upon  the  firing  line  at 


Cut   No    20— Rolxrt  Williaiis    store    it   Tcautoit 


Cut  No    21— Robert  Willuims'  Store  at  Xcnliirne 


another  mercantile  establishment  with  only  one  all  times  and  a  leading  citizen.     If  he  did  in 

prairie  schooner  drawn  b^'  oxen.     I  think  my  ,  ,        ,        ,  •  „      .  ■  ■       i 

,  ,  '  ,'  -^  ,        ,      ,  later  davs  lose  his  property  as  lorteit  on  a  i)ond 

engraver  must  have  made  a  mistake — he  has  ^     ^•      . 

a  modern  buggy  with  a  horse  hitched  to   it,  it  showed  him  to  be  an  honest  and  upriiiht  man 

another  horse  at  the  hitching  post.     If  this  is  and  no  doubt  he  sold  his  pi-operty  ni  order  to 

not  correct,  they  will  both  be  a  horse  on  him.  pay  his  just  debts,  which  is  a  trail  of  character 

I  take  it  for  granted  that  one  establishment  "t"  all  Williams  in  our  lineage. 


FII{ST   SALT    WORKS    JN    AiAIElUCA 


y^ii-  w'^^.  f^-.-t7>c/-  f]^^.-^<j  A^^^^^f- 


Aw    (t 


t-t^d^^ 


&  , 


J  ^  ^u 


4LJt-^lu-/ 


/^.^.^^^C^ 


{^■f-*- 


/r^  f,.../'  <^.''-^   .Cm^-..^  fl.^:j  ^'-  --^^^  V 


'HI';     WILLIAMS     lllSTOJiY 


AUTOGRAPH  LETTER  OP  ROBERT  WILLIAMS 


^>" 


V 


■  ^  j»^  •  H  f\  \ 


^ 

V      H 


i    I   f  ^ 


N4^1  =^ 


si 


^ 


^Nt 


UT4^^4  ^.  x^J  U  I 


^         '^=='*:^       ^%^ 


Cut   No.  23— Robert  Williams'   Letter  of  Aug.   5,   1776. 


THE     WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


IHHHH 

■[ 

-    $ 

>      : 

;    ^- 

-      Ni       ^     >-      ^        "^         >                  -^^      N.       O         -^       ^ 

1       >s\ 

■■i 

1 

Cut   No.  25— Robert  Williams'  Letter  of  Sept.   14,   1776. 


SALT  WORKS  AS  IN  KRANCK  AXI)  PORTUGAL 


p 

■ 

■ 

■ 

I 

s  .         ^               •            >            ^            i'             - 
<     •   .\         ^-.   v^     Vt*  ■       i 

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f 

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■  A 

^1  \  >o  ^    ;  ■  ^  •-    -^ 

V 

"I. 

5  '■ 

'S   .- 

:             * 

-.      v.-    ^^        -X       '    ^ 

■C^ 

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s.. 

,          ^       t         i     V-      ^^v      w 

':: 

^v 

*> 

X3 

? 

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V 

<;. 

.     "^       .J.     -'^      >-^ 

! 

'■•     '• 

Cut  No.  26— Robert  \Villianis'   Letter  of  Sept.   14,   1776,  continued. 


THE     WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


E.MIM.()VKI)  SIXTY   MKX  AND   KINISIIKI)  TIIK 


)l  VISION 


1     f     ?     ^ 


5  -^  ^'  ^-; 


■-       r       ^  -X. 


M 


■^  ^  '  <  ^  A  ^     n:  .*  \  \ 


> 


V 


^ 

5 


Q 


^'^  >. 


4^    ^ 


J   >^' 


Cut  No.  28— Robert  Williams'  Letter  of  Sept.  14,  1776,  continued. 


THE     W[LLTAI\rS     HISTORY 


Cut  No,  29 — Robert  Williams'   Letter  of   Sept.   14,   1776,  continued. 


FIKST   AM)   SKCdXI)    DIVISIONS   COVKI!    AI'.OL'T    l^'orK    ACIfKS 


Cut  No.  30 — Robert  Vviiliams'  Letter  of  Sept.   14,   1776.     i'ostcript. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


^'  y^  -  I  ?  'i  --  '  s: 

^yy;.^y-:^v 

■'■^  ly  ^"c^  -^^^^  ^- 

Cut   Xo.   31— Robert   Wi 


Letter  of   Sept.   14,    1776.     Ending. 


REPORT  ADDIiKSSHI)  TO  TIIK  COUNCIL 


Cut  No.  32— Superscription   of   Robert   Williams'    Letter   of    Sept.    14,    1776, 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


FIRST  SALT  WORKS  IN  AMERICA. 

Besides  his  stores  at  Newberne  and  Beaufort, 
N.  C,  great  grandfather  Robert  Williams  built 
some  salt  works,  as  shown  by  extracip  from 
Colonial  Records  of  North  Carolina,  "Volume 
10,  pages  723,  724,  620  and  538,  and  from  Sta+e 


90  feet  in  depth  from  the  top  of  the  dam.  This 
was  rebuilt,  howeve)-,  and  the  mills  were  run 
until  Robert  Williams'  death  in  1790,  when  the 
executors  sold  the  property  that  included  the 
dam  and  mills  to  William  Fisher  (see  Ai)pcn- 
dix).  This  pi'operty  included  "a  hundred 
ac)-es   of  land   lying   continuous   thereto"   and 


Cut  No.  33— Old   Mill   Pond   made  by   Robert  Williams'   Dam 


Records,  Volume  22,  pages  739,  745,  to  V:p 
Council  in  1776.  These  records  are  shown  u 
Cuts  22-32,  inclusive.  This  was  an  important 
public  work,  as  salt  was  a  necessity.  Newport 
River  was  on  tide  water,  and  Black  Creek  led 
from  a  great  swamp  called  "Poeoson"  into 
Newport  River. 


was  sold  foi'  900  pounds  current  money  of  the 
State.  It  remained  in  the  Fisher  family  until 
about  1839  or  1840,  when  one  David  S.  Jones, 
Avho  was  Fisher's  grandson,  inherited  part  of 
the  property  and  got  part  of  it  by  purchase 
from  the  other  Fisher  heirs.  The  property 
remained  in  the  Jones  family  until  1878  or  1879 


Cut  No.  34— Present  Grist  Mill  on 
ROBERT  WILLIAMS'  :\IILL   DAM. 

Across  Black  Creek  Robei't  Williams  liuilt 
a  dam  on  which  was  located  a  lumber  mill  and 
grist  mill,  and  a  large  pond  was  formed  by  the 
back  water.    (See  Cuts  Nos.  62  and  63.) 

No  sooner  had  this  dam  been  completed  than 
a  heavy  freshet  carried  it  away,  making  a  hole 


St  end  of  the  old  Dam. 
Avhen  the  heirs  of  David  S.  Jones  sold  to  tliffer- 
ent  parties  and  the  property  finally  was  pur- 
chased by  the  Dukes  and  the  Trinity  Land  Co. 
of  Durham,  N.  C,  and  New  York,  who  kept  the 
property  as  a  hunting  preserve  for  several 
years.  It  is  now  (1920)  owned  by  Carteret 
Lodge,  a  eorpoi'ation  having  its  main  office  at 
Kinston,  N.  C, 


EVIDENCES  OF  COEOXIAE  DAYS 


The  old  si'ist  mill  uscil  liy  \lo\u-r\  WiHi;iins 
was  washed  away  by  tlie  hreakinK  of  tlic  dam 
about  90  years  ago,  or  about  1829.  An  over- 
seer of  Jones,  named  Martin,  rebuilt  these  old 
mills  about  65  or  70  years  ago. 

OLD  WATER  POWER  IS  STILL  IN  USE. 


In  1919  a  saw  mill  si; 
the  dam  when-  Ihe  ol. 
mill  formerly  stood.  Ti 
for  the  last  two  or  tlii'c 


id  of 


(See  Scci-ctary  (Jfiodson 's  letter  in  Ai)peiidi.\.) 

The  old  mill  pond  i.s  still  practically  the 
same  as  it  was  in  sresit  grandfather's  time,  as 
illustj'ated  ))>•  Cut  No.  33. 

Cut  No.  :',:>  shows  an  old  ],\vr,'  of  furniture 
wliicli  is  supposed  to  have  been  handed  down 
from  my  great  grandfathei-  thi-ough  his  de- 
sceiidanls,  with  a  button  mold,  and  shows  the 
mode  of  makinii-  Inittons  at  that  time.  All 
larmcrs,   all   settlers,   all    pioneers,    made   their 


mill,  as  rebuilt  at  the  west  end  of  the  dam,  is 
still  in  operation  in  3919  (see  Cut  No.  34). 
About  200  yards  from  the  present  grist  mill  is 
the  spot  amongst  the  trees  Avhere  Robert  Wil- 
liams is  buried. 

The  Directors  of  Carteret  Lodge,  at  a  meet- 
ing held  September  9,  1920,  at  the  Lodge,  reit- 
erated through  their  Secretary,  J.  W.  Goodson, 
the  permission  given  to  M.  F.  Williams  to  fence 
in  and  care  for  this  grave  of  his  greatgrand- 
father, Robert  Williams.  Under  the  laws  of 
North  Carolina  the  State  protects  a  private 
burying  ground,  and  the  future  owners  of  Car- 
teret Lodge,  should  it  change  hands,  cannot 
molest  or  interfere  with  this  grave  and  fence. 


own  buttons  in  those  days,  as  they  had  no  other 
means  of  getting  them  in  this  countiy. 

Cut  No.  36  shows  a  stand  or  table  containing 
a  pewter  platter  and  two  pewter  plates,  which 
legend  states  are  relics  of  oui-  ancestor  in  North 
Carolina,  Robt.  Williams,  and  now  in  posses- 
sion of  my  first  cousin,  Levina  Gibbons,  living 
near  Barnesville,  Belmont  County,  Ohio,  at 
this  date. 

Barnesville,  Ohio,  6/19/iS 
Dear  Cousin  Milton : 

Thy  letter  received  with  check  inclosed  for 
which  please  accept  my  thanks.  As  far  as  the 
history  of  the  pewter  plates  is  concerned  I  can 


UK     WlLLIAiAIS     HIHTORY 


1ell  you  vory  little.  It  has  always  heoii  my 
iiiKlcrstaiuliiig  that  the  set  of  pewter  was 
l)i-oui;ht  over  from  England  by  our  ancestor, 
who  tii-st  came  over  from  that  country.  The 
pewter  platter  and  the  two  plates  in  the  picture 
are  all  that  remain  in  our  possession  of  the 
set.  The  button  molds  were  used  to  make  but- 
tons foi-  the  family,  and  1  ])resume  each  family 
had  one.  T  mean  each  pioneer  family.  The 
liutloiis  wei'e  made  of  a  composition  mostly 
pewrter.     '{"he  explanation  on  the  backs  of  two 


noticed  the  faint,  Tinfanuliai'  odoi'  coming  from 
these  relics  of  the  past?  Perhaps  an  old  pair 
of  knit  gloves  and  scarf  still  contain  the  odor 
of  the  camiDhor  by  which  they  wei'e  preserved; 
01'  an  old  tobacco  box  gives  forth  a  fragrance 
of  the  weed  that  was  smoked  in  your  grand- 
father's time,  and  which  none  of  the  present 
blends  of  tobacco  appear  to  equal.  Or  some 
old  papers — whether  from  business  associates 
or  other  more  personal  friends  and  ac([uaint- 
ances — are  found  in  such  a   chest  where  thev 


Cut  X 


of  the  jiictures  which   1  sent  might  be  used  in 
connection  with  this  shoi-t  history. 
With  loAe.  th.v  cousin, 
Per  Ejiuna.  ELI  W.  rJIP>P.ONS. 


COURT      RECORDS      FROM      BEAUFORT, 

CARTERET  CO.,  X.  C,  IN  REFERENCE 

TO  ROBERT  WILLIAMS.  TfREAT 

GRANDFATHER  OF  MILT(^N 

F.  W^ILLIAMS. 

Have  you  ever  opened  an  old  chest  contain- 
ing clothing  and  papers  of  a  bygone  age  and 


rewter   Plates. 


have  lain  for  years;  and  when  the  baud  is 
broken  the  papers  se])arate  as  they  used  to  do 
in  yeai's  gone  by  when  they  were  read  or  re- 
I'ead  by  eyes  that  have  long  ceased  to  look  on 
mortal  sphere  with  mortal  eye— howevei-,  the 
spii-it  eyes  of  the  writer  may  still  behold  us — 
and  thei'e  comes  to  you)'  nosti'ils  the  faint, 
elusive  fi-agi'ance  oi'  odors  of  othei'  days  and 
doings,  that  take  you  back  in  inuigination  till 
you  seem  to  see  the  \\-ritei's  in  their  (puiint  old- 
time  dress  and  habit,  and  heai'  faintly  Ihoiv 
speech  in  the  |)eculiar  half-forgotlen  idiom  or 
dialect    of    formei'    \-ears.    which,     if     vou    be 


R()1!1-:i;t  aviijja.m> 


ALI.IXO  .1.   SIIHAKMAX 


Cut  Xo.  3/— Summons.  May  26,  177 


THE     WILLIAMS     HISTORY 


Cut   No.  38 — Endorsement   of   Summons. 


KOHHKT  WILLIAMS,  COMPLAINANT 


descended  t'l'oin  tlieiii,  will  nor  seem  cii'irely 
strange  to  yon,  as  your  lips  will  I'oiin  with 
comparative  ease  Ihe  words  and  jiecnliar  con- 
struction of  conversation  and  lan<,niaae  tliat 
you  find  wi'itten  in  tlu'sc-  nld-tiiiic  lettci-s. 

Sometimes  we  ji^et  a  recoi-d  sbowinv;  the 
a.ctivity  of  those  from  whom  we  are  descended, 
i'l  manufacturini^'  oi-  fai-min-;  lines,  ur  other 
lines,  in  which  their  int(>rests  nu^et  and  '•i-o;,s 
those  of  their  associates,  and  liy  such  crossing 
arc  drawn  into  the  entangh-ments  of  leyal  pro- 
ceedings. DoMii  in  Carteret  County,  N.  ('., 
whei'c  oiu'  of  the  Quaker  communities  that' 
branched  off  from  the  neighhoi-hood  of  Phila- 
delphia, located  in  the  early  17th  eentui-y,  thtme 
is  a  town  called  Heaufoit.  There  lived  and 
moved  and  had  his  being  the  great  grandfather 
of  Milton  F.  Williams,  and  the  court  records  of 
that  time  and  place  show  that  he  was  not  a 
"dead  one."  In  fact,  he  was  veiy  much  alive, 
as  indicated  by  various  wiits,  subpoenas,  and 
bills  in  set  off,  that  wei'e  filed  in  several  cases, 
and  which  beai-  date  from  1766  to  1787.  as 
shown  by  the  accompanying  copies.  According 
to  the  old-time  phraseology,  the  sheriff  of  that 
county  was  commanded,  by  authoi'ity  of 
George  th(>  Thiid,  King-  of  "Great  Britain, 
France  and  Ireland,"  to  take  the  "body  of 
Robert  Williams,"  to  keep  safely,  and  bring 
before  the  next  eouj-t,  then  and  there  to  an- 
swer, etc.,  etc.  Coui-ts  take  note  of  many 
things,  both  matei-ial  and  spii'itual,  things  liv- 
ing and  things  dead,  things  seen  and  things 
unseen,  but  when  a  writ  is  given  to  the  sheriff 
for  execution  the  body  of  the  person  luentioned 
therein  is  particularly  specified,  on  the  theory 
that  if  his  body  be  bi'ought  into  the  court  the 
spirit  of  the  person  will  likewise  accompany  it. 
So  also  in  our  celebrated  jn-actice  of  "habeas 
corpus,"  meaning  "have  the  body"  of  the 
person  mentioned  brought  before  the  court, 
thus  preventing  any  secret  disposal  of  the  per- 
son himself. 

In  this  connection,  a  case  was  once  before 
the  court  in  which  a  man  had  committed  burg- 
laiy  by  breaking  and  entering  the  house  of 
another.  His  lawyer,  however,  contended  that 
since  his  client  had  broken  the  window  and 
reached  only  his  hand  and  arm  into  the  house 
he  had  not  j-eally  entered  the  house,  and  there- 


f(n'c  technically  had  not  committed  a  'Mmrglar- 
ious  enti'ance. "  The  jury,  however,  under  in- 
sti-uction  from  the  judge,  bi'ought  in  a  verdict 
of  gTiilty  according  to  the  indictment,  of  the 
hand  and  arm  of  the  defendant,  and  the  iudge 
sentenced  said  hand  and  arm  to  the  ]ienitcn- 
tiary,  giving  the  defendant  pei'mission  to  ac- 
company his  arm  or  not  as  he  saw  tit.  This  is 
said  to  be  an  actual  case. 

The  first  court  case  on  the  record  is  that  of 

Robert  Williams  against   Ailing  &   Shearman. 

(See  Cuts  87-38.)  The  writ  is  as  follows: 
North  Carolina. 

George  the  third,  by  the  Grace  of  God,  of 
Great  Bi'itain,  France  and  Ireland,  King,  De- 
fender of  the  Faith,  etc.  To  the  Sheriff  of  the 
County  cf  Carteret.  Greeting:  W^e  command 
you  to  take  the  bodys  of  Timothy  Ailing  and 
John  Shearman  in  comps.  and  late  of  said 
county,  merchants  ( if  to  be  found  in  your  Baili- 
wick) and  them  safely  keep,  so  that  you  have 
them  before  the  justices,  of  our  Inferior  Court 
of  Pleas  and  Quarter  Sessions  at  our  next 
Court  to  be  held  for  our  said  County,  at  the 
Court  House  in  Beaufort,  on  the  third  Tuesday 
of  June  next;  then  and  there  to  render  to 
Robert  Williams,  merchant,  the  sum  of  five 
pounds,  four  shillings  and  eight  pence,  procla- 
mation money,  which  they  unjustly  detained 
from  him,  Tr.  on  the  Case,  to  his  damage  ten 
pounds. 

Herein  fail  not ;  and  have  you  there  this 
Writ.  Witness,  Robert  Read,  Clerk  of  our  said 
Inferior  Court  of  Pleas  and  Quarter  Sessions, 
the  26th  Day  of  May  in  the  Sixth  Year  of  our 
Reign.     Anno  Dom.  1766. 

ROBERT  READ,  C.  I.  C. 


On  the  back  of  this  writ  was  the  endorse- 
ment Robert  Williams  vs.  Ailing  and, Shear- 
man. To  June  Carteret  Justice  Court.  This 
writ  is  also  marked :  Executed  Security  given. 
Solomon  Shepard. 

Another    case    (see    Cuts    39-40)    in    which 
Robert  Williams  sues  John  Boll,  claiming  dam- 
ages of  twenty  pounds,  is  as  follows : 
North  Carolina. 

George  the  Third,  by  the  Grace  of  God,  of 
Great  Britain,  France  and  Ireland,  King,  De- 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Cut   No.   39— Summons,    Alarch   11,    1769. 


UOBKUT  WILLIA'MS  VS.  JOIIX  UOr.L 


5^ 


^ 


W 


•^ 


\ 


Cut    No.   40— Endorsement 


THE    WILLIAMS    HLSTORY 


Cut  No.  41 — Summons,  Decen^ber,  1770, 


JOHN  ROSE  VS.  ROBERT  WILLIAMS  &  JOHN  KASTON 


^/ 


^ 


.^^■ 


-^  ^  /     / 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Cut  No.  43— Summons,  June  19,  1771. 


JOHN  ROSE  VS.  ROBERT  WILLIAMS 


Cut   No.  44— Endorsement   of   June    19.    1771. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


fender  of  the  Faith,  etc.  To  the  Sheriff  of  the 
County  of  Carteret  Greetinji'.  We  eominand 
you  that  you  take  the  body  of  Jolm  Boll,  late 
of  said  County,  planter — 

(if  to  be  found  in  your  Bailiwick)  and  him 
safely  keep,  so  that  you  have  him  before  the 
Justices  of  our  Inferior  Court  of  Pleas  and 
Quarter  Sessions,  at  our  next  Court  to  be  held 
for  the  County  of  Cartei'et  at  the  Court  House 
in  Beaufort  town  on  the  third  Tuesday  of  June 
next;  then  and  there  to  answer  unto  Robert 
Williams  of  a  plea  of  Trespass  on  the  Ca"e  to 
the  damage  of  the  said  Robert  twenty  pounds 
proclamation  money. 

Ilei-ein  fail  not ;  and  have  you  there  this 
Writ.  Witne:^s  Robert  Read,  Clerk  of  our  said 
Court,  at  his  office  the  22nd  day  of  March, 
in  the  ninth  Year  of  our  Reign,  Anno  T)om. 
nm.  Rol)ert  Read,  C.  I.  C,  Clerk  of  the  In- 
ferior Court  .  D.  Gordon,  Atty. 

This  was  duly  endoi'sed  Robert  Williams  vs. 
John  Boll,  Damaged  20  pounds  and  referred  to 
the  June  Inferior  Court,  1769. 

In  another  writ  (see  Cuts  41-42)  Robert  Wil- 
liams and  John  Easton  are  associated  as  de- 
fendants in  a  case  brought  by  John  Rose, 
claiming  20  pounds  damage  proclamation 
money,  trespass  on  the  case.  This  was  in  the 
year  1770.  The  writ  was  duly  executed  by 
Charles  Gilliken  for  action  at  the  March  Car- 
teret Inferior  Court,  1771. 

In  this  same  cause  (see  Cuts  43-44)  the  fol- 
lowing subpoena  was  issued  for  William 
Thomson  and  John  Mason : 

North  Carolina. 

George  the  Third,  by  the  Grace  of  God,  of 
Great  Britain,  France  and  Ireland,  King.  De- 
fender of  the  Faith,  etc.  To  the  Sheriff  of  the 
County  of  Carteret,  Greeting.  We  command 
you  to  summon  Wm.  Thomson  and  John  Mason, 
personally,  to  be  and  appear  before  the  Jus- 
tices of  our  Inferior  Court  of  Pleas  and  Quarter 
Sessions,  to  be  held  for  the  County  of  Carteret 
at  the  Court-house  in  Beaufort  on  the  third 
Tuesday  in  September  next,  then  %nd  there  to 
testify,  and  the  Triith  to  say  in  Behalf  of  John 
Rose  in  a  certain  Matter  of  Controversy  in_  our 
said  Ciiiii't  depending,  and  then  and  there  to 
1ie    tried,    between   John    Rose,    Phiintitt',    and 


Robert  Williams,  Defendant;  and  this  they 
shall  in  no-wise  omit,  under  the  Penalty  of 
Twenty  Pounds,  Proclamation  Money.  Wit- 
ness Robert  Read,  Clerk  of  our  said  Court,  the 
19th  Day  of  June  in  the  Eleventh  Year  of  our 
Reign,  Anno  Dom.  1771. 

Test.  Robert  Read,  C.  I.  C. 

This  wi'it  was  duly  endorsed  in  the  above 
case  over  to  the  September  Court,  1771,  and 
was  marked :  Executed  Thomas  Chadwick. 

COURTS    AND    GOVERNMENT    CHANGED 
FROM  GREAT  BRITAIN  TO  U.  S.  A. 

And  now  comes  a  change  in  the  heading  of 
the  Writ.  The  State  of  North  Carolina  no 
longer  recognizes  the  authority  of  George  the 
Third  in  the  following  writ  (Cuts  45-46)  issued 
in  May,  1787,  though  the  same  clerk,  Robert 
Read,  signs  his  name  at  the  bottom  thereof. 

State  of  North  Carolina. 

(Seal)     To  the  Sheriff  of  Carteret  County, 

Gi'ceting : 

You  are  hereby  commanded  to  take  the  body 
of  Robert  Williams,  late  of  your  county  joyner, 
if  to  be  found  in  your  Bailiwick;  and  him 
safely  keep,  so  that  you  have  him  before  the 
Justices  of  the  county  court  of  Pleas  and  Quar- 
ter Sessions  to  be  held  for  the  county  of  Car- 
teret at  the  coui't-house  in  Beaufort,  on  the 
third  Monday  in  June  next,  then  and  there  to 
answer  James  Paqueret  of  a  Plea  of  Trespass 
on  the  Case  Damage  Two  Hundred  and  Fifty 
pounds  specie. 

Herein  fail  not,  and  have  you  then  and  there 
this  Writ.  Witness  Robert  Read,  Clerk  of  the 
said  Court,  at  Beaufort,  the  20th  day  of  March 
in  the  Eleventh  year  of  the  Independence  of 
the  said  State,  Anno  Domini  1787.  Issued  the 
4th  day  of  May,  1787. 

We  note  that  the  ending  of  the  writ  refers 
to  the  yeai'  1776  as  the  beginning-  of  the  Inde- 
pendence of  the  State  of  North  Carolina  and 
of  the  other  I'-i  colonies  from  the  authority  of 
George  the  Third. 

This  writ  was  referred  to  the  June  Court, 
17S7,  and  duly  executed  by  the  Sheriff'  David 
Conner. 


JAMES   PA(il!EI{l':T   VS.    liOI'.KKT    WIMJAAIS 


-Summons,   May,   1787. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Cut  ^lo.  46— Endoiseinent,  Mav,  1787. 


ROBERT  WII.LFAilS  VS.  AMBROSE  CROKKIt 


*  w  . 


Cut  No.  M — Account  of  Ambrose  Croker  proved. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


m 

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Cut    No.   48 — Endorsement. 


R015T.  WILLIAMS'  LEDCiER 


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Cut  No.  49  — Linch  Account.      (Half  p.   1.) 


THE    WII^LIAMS    HISTORY 


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Cut  No.   SO— Linch  Account.     (Balance  p.   1.) 


R015T.  WILLIAMS'  LKOOER 


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Cut  No.  51 — Linch  Account.     (Half  p.  2.) 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


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Cut  No,  5?— Linch  Account.     (Balance  p.  2.) 


ROBT.  WFLLT A:\rS'  LEDGER 


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Cut   No.   53— Linch   Account.      (Half   p.   3.) 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


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Cut   Xo.  54— Liiich  Account.      (Balance  p.  3.) 


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ROBT.  WILLIAMS-  LHDOEK 


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Cut  No.  55— Linch  AccouiTt.     (.P-  4.) 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


.lii^  ^^-^-  --^f  ^^^::!1j 


Cut  No.  56— Linch  Summons,  Dec.  4,   1786. 


ROBT.  WILLIAMS    SUES    JONAS  LINCII 


^« 


Cut  No.  57— Eudorsement,  Dec,  4, 


THK    WILLIAM.^    HISTORY 


There  is  another  relic  of  bygone  times  in  tlie 
following  account  No.  3  of  Robert  Williams, 
duly  signed  by  him,  and  made  out  in  his  own 
handwriting,  and  probably  used  as  an  exhibit 
to  secure  a  set-off  in  the  case  of  Robert  Rose 
above  mentioned;  or,  perhaps,  of  another  com- 
plainant.    (See  Cuts  47-48) : 

The  Estate  of  Ambrose  Croker,  Deceased,  Dr. 
to  Robei't  Williams. 

To  Sundry  Plank  and  Account  of  the  same, 
delivered  to  himself  in  1784 

Amounting  to    £44     9     3 
To  Rum  and  pi'ovisions 

for  his  People 0     8     0 


44  17     3 
Supra   Ci". 
By  Tassia  &  Melasses  as 

per  his  own  account..  £23  12     6 
money  reed,  of 
1  10     0     25     2     6 


15  V  1! 


19  14     9 
Robert  Williams. 

The  a])ove  account  was  proved  befoi-e  me  in 
Beaufort  3  mo.  22d,  llSo.  and  that  all  just 
credits  were  given. 

Thos.   ("hadwick,  J.   P. 


JONAS  LIXCH. 


Among  the  customers  of  Great  Grandfathei' 
Robert  Williams  at  his  store  of  general  mer- 
chandise in  connection  with  the  grist  mill  that 
he  first  operated  near  Beaufort  was  a  man 
named  Jonas  Linch.  Apparently  Jonas  had  a 
saw  mill,  possibly  located  on  the  same  place  as 
the  present  saw  mill  now  occupying  the  oppo- 
site end  of  the  dam  from  the  old  grist  mill  of 
Great  Grandfather  Williams.  The  relations 
between  Jonas  and  Great  Grandfather  Robert 
are  indicated  by  a  court  record  in  the  latter 
part  of  1786,  relating  to  a  running  account  of 
over  two  years  standing  in  which  there  was  a 
difference  of  opinion  as  to  the  balance  owing 
fi'om  Jonas.     (Cuts  49-55,  inclusive.) 

In  spite  of  the  proverbial  reluctance  of 
Quakers  .to  go  to  law,  Robert  Williams  sued 
out   a   writ   against  Jonas  Linch   in  the   early 


pai't  of  December  by  which  he  was  commanded 
to  appear  before  the  court  in  the  latter  pari  of 
the  month  to  show  cause  why  he  should  not 
pay  his  debt.     (Cuts  56-57.) 

Debt  is  a  duty  that  we  owe  to  some  other 
person,  or  an  obligation  undertaken  or  devolv- 
ing upon  us,  or  regarding  some  action  of  our 
own,  and  may  be  present  or  future,  may  be 
contingent  and  indefinite,  or  liquidated  and 
certain.  Thus  we  speak  of  "paying  the  debt 
of  Nature,"  on  the  theory  that  life  is  a  loan 
to  us,  and  when  we  die  we  pay  it  back  or 
leturn  it  to  the  Giver,  with  interest  according 
to  the  use  we  have  made  of  it,  and  of  the  talents 
foi'  which  we  are  responsible.  A  debt  assumed 
by  a  young  man  is  often  an  incentive  for 
greater  effort,  and  may  be  the  salvation  of  a 
careless  spendthrift  by  causing  him  to  take 
better  care  of  his  earnings.  One  of  the  greatest 
joys  a  man  can  have,  however,  is  to  pay  off  a 
debt  that  has  long  been  hanging  over  him, 
which  he  has  assumed  from  business  necessity, 
and  without  at  the  time  knowing  where  he  will 
be  able  to  obtain  the  necessary  wherewithal. 
1  have  elsewhere  in  this  history  recorded  my 
joy  on  paying  off  the  mortgage  that  I  had  to 
assume  Avhen  I  took  over  the  millwright  busi- 
ness from  my  partner.  Like  a  good  business 
man,  Robert  Williams  required  yearly  settle- 
ment, and  when  the  account  with  Jonas  had 
7-un  for  over  two  years  with  partial  payment 
in  the  meantime,  and  a  difference  arose  as  to 
the  balance  owing,  Robert  went  to  law.  The 
writ  of  the  sheriff  was  duly  served  on  Jonas, 
and  not  wishing  to  go  to  jail  near  Christmas 
time  and  miss  the  usual  festivities  of  the  time 
and  occasion,  Jonas  gave  bond  to  the  sheriff 
for  his  appearance  at  the  court  after  Christmas 
holidays.  It  was  necessary  for  him  to  find  a 
friend  who  would  go  on  the  bond  with  hi'u, 
and  such  a  one  he  found  in  James  Paquinet, 
who  bound  himself  with  Jonas  Linch  "jointly 
and  severally"  in  the  sum  of  100  pounds — this 
amount  being  twice  that  of  the  debt  in  ques- 
tion, as  is  customarJ^  (See  Cuts  58-59.)  We 
do  not  know  what  consideration  was  given  to 
obtain  the  signature  of  Paquinet  upon  this 
bond  whether  friendship  or  some  business 
agreement,  or  money  paid,  or  promised. 
It     may     have     been     from     friendship,     and 


LINCH    GIVES    BOND   TO   ROUT.  WILLIAMS 


Cut  No.  58~Liiich  Bond,  Dec.  9,  1786. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


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^-«/J£ 


DAMON   AND   PYTHIAS 


we  would  like  to  think  it  so,  and  that 
it  was  a  modern  instance  of  tiie  loyalty 
of  Damon  to  his  friend  Pythias  that  caused 
Paquinet  to  put  his  money  in  jeopardy.  In 
those  times  money  was  more  valuable  than  life. 
"Money,  or  your  life!"  said  the  highway  rob- 
ber. "Take  my  life,  I  am  saving  my  money 
for  my  old  age,"  was  the  reply.  But  we  like 
to  think  of  the  mutual  trust  and  loyalty  of 
Damon  and  Pythias,  although  this  case  oc- 
curred 400  years  before  Christ.  We  remember 
that  it  was  in  the  Island  of  Sicily,  at  the  city 
of  Syracuse,  I'uled  by  Dionysius  the  Tyrant, 
who  had  condemned  Pythias  to  death.  Pythias 
asked  and  received  permission  to  visit  his  home 
and  settle  his  affairs,  and  Damon,  his  friend, 
took  his  place  as  hostage.  When  the  time  set 
for  the  execution  approached,  and  Pythias  had 
not  returned,  Dionysius  taunted  Damon  with 
having  given  his  life  for  a  false  friend.  Noth- 
ing could  shake  the  faith  of  Damon,  however, 
who  asserted  that  some  unavoidable  delay  was 
lesponsible  for  the  absence  of  Pythias.  The 
return  of  Pythias,  who  forced  his  way  through 
the  crowd  just  in  time  to  prevent  the  execution 
of  his  friend,  so  surprised  and  affected  the 
tyrant,  Dionysius.  that  he  not  only  pardoned 
Pythias,  but  asked  to  be  admitted  to  such  a 
friendship  as  that  existing  between  the  two 
that  the  danger  of  death  itself  could  not  shake 
the  trust  of  one  in  the  other. 

When  we  look  over  the  copy  of  the  account 
filed  as  one  of  the  coui't  records  we  find  several 
items  of  interest.  Here  is  one  of  £3  10s.  (about 
$17.50)  paid  by  Robert  on  account  of  Jonas 
for  a  cow  that  he  bought  of  Hope  Stanton. 
There  are  numerous  entries  for  rum  and  "me- 
lasses"  as  it  was  spelled ;  also  for  tobacco.  One 
item  was  for  a  bushel  of  "Aisters  at  Beaufort," 
charged  at  one  shilling,  which  were  probably 
oysters  in  the  shell.  There  are  several  charges 
for  potato  plants,  powder  and  shot,  and  one  for 
two  turkeys  costing  4s.  and  8d.,  or  about  $1.16 
for  the  two.  With  the  present  price  of  turkey 
at  43c  per  pound  this  Thanksgiving  time  of 
1918  we  are  sure  he  did  not  overcharge  Jonas. 
In  fact,  Robert  seems  to  have  assumed  and  paid 
for  him,  a  charge  of  £4  2s.  and  2d.,  to  Lock- 
hart,  and  another  account  to  Richard  Dennis 
of  about  the  same  amount.     He  has  also  an 


item  of  money  paid  foi'  Sally  Cooper's  shoes; 
another  of  £3  for  sugar  for  Crany  Bell;  and 
another  of  2s.  for  "nails  for  his  wife's  coffin 
and  gimlet  lost."  There  is  a  charge  also  of  4 
shillings  for  "one  bottle  of  claret  sent  to  Ben- 
ners  for  the  time  Linch  went  to  take  ye  sacra- 
ment." Thrifty  Robert  also  has  charges 
against  Jonas  "for  the  use  of  my  horse,  himself 
and  John  Bell  going  to  Newberne  Superior 
court";  also  for  money  paid  Robert  Read  on 
his  account  in  several  cases,  which  indicate  that 
Jonas  was  being  sued  by  other  creditors.  Dur- 
ing 1784  and  85  the  amount  of  indebtedness 
amounted  to  a  hundred  pounds,  and  this  was 
reduced  in  the  early  part  of  1786  by  credit  of 
some  £70  on  account  of  boards  and  lumber, 
and  work  of  Jonas  and  his  men  at  night, 
sawing  up  several  hundi'ed  feet  of  lumber; 
also  by  "7  days  mowing  and  part  of  the  hay," 
showing  that  the  account  was  largely  that  of 
exchange  of  labor  and  material  between  Jonas 
and  Robert. 

The  record  of  the  result  of  the  trial  of  the 
case  in  the  latter  part  of  December  is  not  at 
hand,  but  it  may  be  inferred  that  it  went 
against  Jonas,  because  in  the  early  part  of 
January,  1787,  Jonas  Linch  was  put  under 
bond  to  "keep  the  peace  to  the  State  and  the 
good  people  thereof,  but  more  especially  to- 
ward Robert  Williams"  in  the  sum  of  £200, 
in  company  with  another  man  named  James 
Potter,  who  bound  himself  to  the  amount  of 
£100  on  his  "goods  and  chattels,  land  and 
tenements  to  the  use  of  the  state."  (Cuts 
60-61.) 

Perhaps  the  husky  lumberman,  Jonas  Linch, 
made  threats  against  Robei't  to  "take  it  out  of 
his  hide"  after  the  result  of  the  December 
trial  was  adverse  to  himself.  Apparently  the 
end  of  the  suit  was  not  reached,  for  Jonas  was 
likewise  commanded  to  "make  his  personal 
appearance  at  next  March  court  in  the  said 
county  to  do  and  receive  what  shall  be  then 
and  there  enjoined  him." 

What  was  the  result  of  the  trial  at  the  March 
court  our  historian  of  the  present  day  is  not 
informed. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Cut   Xo.   60 — Linch   Peace    Bond. 


LTXCTI  OTVKK   P.OXD   TO    KEEP  THE   PRAr'E 


Cut  No,  61 — Endorsement — Peace 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


TOPOGRAPHY  OF  CARTERET  COUNTY, 
BY  JOHN  SHOEBRIDGE  WILLIAMS. 
Rohei't  Williams"  son,  John  became  a  civil 
eno-ineer  and  snrveyor  and  visited  his  boyhood 
home  many  years  after  he  left  it  as  a  boy  of 
nine  years  old  in  company  with  his  widowed 
mother.  Anne  Shoebridge  Williams,  and  his 
older  si.'-iter,  Elizabeth,  and  his  brother,  Samnel 
(my  Grandfather),  to  make  their  new  home  in 
Ohio,  which  he  describes  in  his  autobiography 
-which  is  reproduced  in  Part  II  of  this  history. 

Copied  from  the  map,  Cut  No.  G2,  the  follow- 
ing notes  by  John,  a  son  of  Robert  Williams, 
are  interesting: 

"I  think  the  upland  upon  which  i)eoplo  lived 
and  on  which  the  roads  were  mostly  laid,  was 
as  much  as  20  feet  higher  than  the  lowlands 
and  sti'cams  and  about  as  level,  as  well  as  I 
can  remember  now. 

New  River 
Clubfoot  creek. 

Jos.  Dew.  ('lul)foot  creek  meeting  house. 

Horton  Howai'd   canal  Howard's   mill. 

I    never    until    this    minute     (12    m.)    could 
imagine  why  that  creek  was  called  "clnlifoot." 
I  now  see  that  as  I  have  drawn  it,  there  is  a 
resemblance  to  a  clubfoot  in  its  outline. 
Gi'cat  swamp  called  Poeoson. 
A.  Martin.  Mill  jiond.  Isaac  Sampson. 

To  white  oak.       Tide  watei'.     Mill  pond. 
To  Xewbei-n  4(J  miles. 

Boi'den's.  Creek.  Robt.   Williams. 

Wm.  Fisher.  Wm.  Borden. 

Borden's  saw  mill.  Jos.  Borden. 

Newport  River.        Harless  creek.      Cause  way. 
R,  Lovet.  Hardesty. 

Core  sound  meeting  house.  B.  Stanton. 

Beaufort.  Point  of  Core  Sound. 

Borden  Stanton  was  a  Friend  and  preacher 
and  Grandfather  to  the  Secretary  of  War,  and 

his  widow  came  with  us   out   West,  with  her 
family. 


1  remember  well  to  have  seen  the  canal  in 
prccesn  of  ecnstrnction.  I  think  as  early  as 
1797.  It  was  undoubtedly  the  tirst  canal  pro- 
.iected  (by  Dr.  McClure)  in  the  United  States, 
if  not  in  the  Western  hemisphere." 

DESCRIPTION  OF  "DINNANT."  BY  JOHN 
SHOEBRIDGE  WILLIAMS. 

The  locality  is  now  known  as  Newport  as 
drawn  by  John  Shoebridge  Williams  in  1864. 
The  meaning  of  Dinnant  is  this:  Din  means 
Town  or  Fort :  Nant  means  a  little  Bi'ook.  Din- 
nant— Fortified  Brook  or  River,  or  Brook 
Town.  The  dam  across  Black  Creek  makes 
Ihe  name  "Dinnant"  veiy  appropriate,  as  it 
means  "Fortified  Brook." 

This  note  is  to  his  (John's)  grandson,  the 
son  of  his  .youngest  daughter,  Martha  Belle 
Van  Vleck: 

"Cnicinnati,  Feb.   1st,  1864. 
■Willie  Van  Vleck. 

Dear  Grandson :  As  you  requested  I  should 
draw  something  for  you,  and  as  I  never  could 
without  urgent  reasons,  refuse  a  boy  Avho 
wishes  to  learn,  I  attempt  a  sketch  of  the  part 
'of  North  Carolina  where  I  was  boi'u  and  lived 
the  first  nine  yeai's  of  my  life.  See  American 
Pioneer,  Vol.  2,  page  441.  The  top  of  the 
sketch  is  intended  for  North. 

You  can  see  the  position  of  your  Great 
Grandfather's  house  and  mills.  At  the  west 
or  left  end  of  the  dam,  a  grist  mill.  East  end, 
or  nearest  the  house,  saw  mill.  Next  to  the 
grist  mill,  near  the  middle  of  the  dam,  was  the 
first  mills  that  Avent  away  (page  437).  Be- 
tween that  and  the  saw  mills  was  the  waste- 
gates,  for  in  wet  weather  all  the  water  that 
came  naust  be  let  go,  without  running  over  the 
dam,  as  in  hilly,  stony  countries  public  roads 
always  crossed  the  dams." 

Cincinnati,  Monday,  Feb.  1st,  1864. 

Dear  Son : 

Enclosed  please  find  a  sketch  of  the  country 
wherein  your  Grandfather  was  born.  It  is 
from  the  memory  of  a  child  less  than  10  years 
of  age,  somewhat  assisted  by  that   of  an  old 


MAP  BY  JOHN  SHOEBRIDGE  WILLIAMS 


Cut  No.  62 — A  map  of  the  old  Homestead  of  Robert  Williams  in  Carteret  County,  N.  C. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


black  man  and  a  white  man,  both  of  whom,  like 
myself,  left  North  Carolina  (Clubfoot  Creek) 
before  or  at  the  same  time  I  did  and  had  to 
think  back  sixty-three  years,  for  neither  of 
them  ever  went  back.  The  black  man  is  named 
Minor  Edwards,  lives  near  Belmont  County, 
Ohio,  and  the  white  man,  Elias  Dew,  lives  in 
Illinois,  son  of  Joseph  Dew,  a  Friend  Preacher, 
who  came  (with  us)  from  Clubfoot  Ci-eek 
meeting.  Minor  came  out  in  1799  with  Horton 
Howard  (see  Am.  Pioneer,  page  442). 

I  have  always  thought  since  I  thought  on  the 
subject,  that  Dr.  MeClure  deserves  a  nitche  in 
the  Temple  of  Fame  for  projecting  and  per- 
severing with  so  new  and  unheard  of  project 
as  the  canal  at  that  early  day.  By  it  150  to 
200  mil(^s  of  dangei'ous  navigation  is  saved,  as 

I  presume  between  Newljcrne  and  Beaufort. 

I  also  enclose  one  of  your  Cousin's  bills, 
which  has  two  of  my  drawings  on  it.  I  took 
as  many  days  at  them  as  I  did  half-hours  at 
the  enclosed  sketch.  Still  my  drawings  did 
not  look  as  well  as  the  engraver  has  made  them 
look.  If  you  get  a  trunk  or  drawer  appropri- 
ated to  vdui'  drawings  and  keep  them  carefully 
they  will,  many  of  them,  be  of  use  to  you  in 
after  life. 

Love  to  each,  everyone,  and  all  of  you. 

Your  Grandfather, 

JNO.  S.  WILLIAMS. 

Plan  of  my  father's  (Robert  Willianrj') 
homestead,  Avhich  he  named  Dinnant. 

References. 

1  Homestead  Looking   South,    as   you 

2  Meat  house  i,  i  j   .  v, 

now  hold  the  paper,   one 

3  Little  house 

4  East  garden  "li'e  ^^  Newport  River  and 

5  West  garden  Pisher's     landing.     After 

6  Dial 

7  Asparagus  bed      '^^-'  father's  death  in  1790, 

8  Spring  ^s    I    have    heard,     Wm. 

9  Bee  shed 

10  Pear  tree  Fisher    bought     the     mill 

II  Apple  orchard  and  lived  at  the  landing, 
12  Entrance 

TO  -D      •  lo     which     point     vessels 

lo  Persimmon 

tree  came   up.     They   took   on 


fine  dwelling  with  a  cellar 


14  C:ow  pen  luml)er  after  it  was  boat- 

15  Chinquepin  ,  ,^    -,  ,.         ^,         .,, 

ed  or  rafted  from  the  mill, 
tree 

16  Pop  or  Passion      Tli'T    ^'^so    took    on    tar, 

'^'i'l*-'  turpentine,    rosin,    spirits 

17  Saw  mill  ,.  '  ^.  -,  ,       , 
IS  W-  ■+«       t                    turpentine,  pitch,   etc., 

19  Grist  mill  dt-.,  ^\hich  were  staples  in 

20  Plum  and  |ii;,t  country.     My  father 

grape   thicket 

21  Potato   house  '     °^^""^    '^'^^^    '"''''"'    '"'   ^ 

22  Liquorice  bed        understood,     and     Fisher 

23  Lumber  yard  ,^^,^^1^^  all  Init  1,120  with 

24  Log  yard 

25  Hog  pen  ^^c  mill?  on  his  purchase. 

26  Fodder  house  i  i^emember  his  building  a 

27  Miller's   house 

28  Old  piles 

29  Tide  water  walled  with  stone  brought 

30  Fishing  l,auk  ^^.^^^^^    ^^j^^^.    ^,,^^,^^^    .^ 

31  Sawyer  s  house 

32  Clav  hole  ballast,  there  being  no  na- 

33  Old  stump  tive  stone  in  that  part  of 

34  Flag  root  ^.,       ^.          ^         ^         . 

.^c-  1,    -IT  (  aroliua.     See     American 

35  Budding 

36  Sand  hole  Pioneer,  Vol  2,  page  437. 

Black  Creek. 
iMarshy  Path  to  Absalom's. 

Ihicked  marsh 

path  to  Isaacs, 
another  path  to  Isaac's 

Pine  knot  Branch 

My  father  would  have  every  road,  fence, 
house,  etc..  North  and  South,  East  and  West, 
where  it  was  at  all  convenient,  and  sometimes 
where  it  was  not. 

(Note  by  the  Editor.) 

Benjamin  T  Stone  married  Hannah  Marmon 
Williams,  the  second  child  of  John  Shoebridge 
Williams,  and  had  no  children. 

William  Van  Vleck  of  Boston,  Mass.,  mar- 
I'ied  Martha  Belle  Williams,  the  tenth  child  of 
John  Shoebridge  Williams. 

Anna  l!elle  \ !\n  \'lcck,  daughter  of  William 
and  jMartha  licllc  \';iii  \'li'ek,  married  Francis 
H,  Owen,  of  Bostcn.  and  I  am  indebted  to  her 
for  the  loan  of  the  original  maps  reproduced 
above  and  for  the  autograph  letters  from  John 


K013T.   Wll.LIA.MH'  HOMESTEAD 


i.'s 


n 


Cut  No.  63 — Map  of  "Diiinant"  on  a  larger  scale.     (The  top  of  the  map  is  south.) 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Shoebridge  Williams  to  his   grandson,  Wiliie, 
who  wati  her  brother,  William  Van  Vleck,  Jr. 

Another  letter  of  John  Shoebridge  Williams 
to  his  grandson,  Willie  Van  Vleck,  Jr.,  who 
was  11  years  old  at  that  time: 

Grand  Pa's  Recollections  No.  3. 


FOURTH  NATIONAL  BANK. 

Cincinnati,  Monday,  Feb.  29th,  1864. 

Willie  Van  Vleck. 
Dear  Son : 

Enclosed  jDlease  find  a  sketch  of  your  CTi-eat 


pins  grow  singly  in  a  round  burr.  They  are 
smaller,  blacker,  harder  and  sweeter  than 
chestnuts.  They  are  fine,  good  nuts.  They 
grow  mostly  on  shrubs.  I  never  saw  any  other 
tree  as  high  as  that  which  grew  on  the  point 
marked  15.  It  was,  I  think,  twelve  feet  high. 
I  Have  seen  the  top  look  to  be  blackened  with 
nuts  when  the  burrs  were  mostly  open.  We 
would  take  a  sheet,  table  cloth,  wagon  cover  or 
something  to  spread  on  the  ground  under  and 
around  the  tree,  which  we  would  thresh  with 
a  pole  and  bring  the  shiners  down  by  whole- 
Kale.     They  wei'e   very  plenty. 

It  is  astonishing  how  my  memory  of  child- 
hood incidents  and  events  improves  as  I  think 


5^ 

-f.„«.y  -■ 

Cut   No.  64— This   cut,   Xo.  64,  shows   the   Homestead   and   Me 
and   No.  2  in   the   Map   of  Dinnant   No.   63. 


House  marked  No,   1 


Grandfather's  homestead,  with  divers  refer- 
ences to  particular  parts.  Connected  with 
many  of  those  things  referred  to  are  tales  of 
my  childhood,  some  of  which  might  interest 
you,  and  I  may  at  some  time  write  some  of 
them  for  you,  if  I  continue  to  write  to  you. 
There  is  some  doubt  about  that,  however,  for 
1  receive  nothing  from  you.  My  rule  is,  not 
to  write  to  anyone  that  neither  answei's  nor 
acknowledges  my  letters  to  them,  for  I  have  a 
right  to  suppose  that  my  letters  are  not  wanted 
and  I  stop. 

You,    perhaps,   do   not   know   the    difference 
between  chimpiepins  and  chestnuts.     Chini|ue- 


about  these  things  and  put  the  things  con- 
nected with  them  on  paper!  This  being  a  kind 
of  an  odd  day,  I  thought  I  would  Avrite  to  you, 
as  I  am  going  down  to  bring  up  Mary's  clock 
that  I  took  down  to  be  I'egulated.  She  says  she 
is  vei'y  lonesome  without  it.  We  have  had  fair 
weather  ever  since  Unkle  &  Aunt  Stone  left  us; 
till  yesterday  it  rained  nearly  all  day,  and  then 
snowed,  which  lies  today  say  2  inches  deep. 
It  h  cloudy  and  cold. 

Your  Grandpa  in  love  to  all, 

JNO,  S.  WILLIAMS. 


joirx  srioKRRiDOK  wir.LiA:\is'  ijottkr 


C  ^}  '^c</<l4y>.i,  (aj/i 


■ificdaiyU, 


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'mmmm.  mTioHi.L  bahi:. 


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'(/%-^^^^>/;y^aA'^j')')^f^^i>k'^    i)l<!^./.  /)^Jf 


Cut  No.  65— Autograph  Letter  of  Robert  Williams'  son  John, 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


ROBERr  WILLIAMS'  BRICK  HOUSE. 

Great  Gi-aiidfathei-  Robert  Williams  built  the 
first  brick  house  in  Carteret  County,  N.  C.  He 
brought  the  brick  over  from  England  in  his 
own  ship.  A  plan  of  this  house  was  drawn  by 
Robert's  son,  John  Shoebridge  Williams,  in 
1864,  and  also  a  perspective  view  (Cut  64). 
The  front  of  the  house  faced  the  North,  and  a 
path  led  down  from  the  front  door  to  a  spring. 
It  consisted  of  a  large  dining  room  with  fire- 
place, a  large  kitchen  with  tireplace  and  chim- 
ney at  the  Southwest  corner,  the  family  bed- 
I'oom  at  the  Southeast  corner,  a  large  room 
next  to  it  with  a  door  opening  to  the  passage 


Cut   No 
the  s 


i — ktcpcr    C.anni's    Hous 
of  the  old   Robert  \\  illij 
House 


leading  to  the  East  door.  The  dining  room  or 
parlor  had  two  pantry  or  store  rooms  at  one 
end  at  the  Northwest  corner.  A  flight  of  stairs 
went  up  +0  the  attic  chamber,  which  were 
lighted  w'h  windows  in  each  gable  end. 

None  of  the  original  buildings  are  now  stand- 
ing, but  a  keeper's  house  is  located  at  the 
present  time  on  the  site  of  Robert  Williams' 
brick  house  and  is  shown  in  the  illustration 
herewith  (No.  66).  The  keeper's  name  is 
Ganm.  Near  the  house  there  is  an  old  cedar 
tree,  150  years  old  or  more  (Cut  No.  67).  This 
tree  had  a  hoUoAv  in  it  and  some  clam  shells 
were  placed  in  tliis  hollow  by  John  Shoebridge 


Williams,  the  soil  of  Robert  Williams,  when 
John  Avas  a  boy.  John  Shoebridge  Williams 
was  the  great  uncle  of  the  writer  .  In  1863  oi- 
'64  Mr.  Ganm  stated  that  John  Shoebridge 
Williams,  then  over  70  years  of  age,  visited  the 
old  homestead  and  told  Keeper  Ganm  of  plac- 
ing some  clam  shells  in  the  hollow  of  this  cedar 
tree  when  he  was  a  boy.  This  hole  in  the  tree 
hi^s  nearly  grown  together  at  the  present 
writing,  but  Keeper  Ganm  remembers  finding 
the  clam  shells  in  this  tree,  and  the  statement 
of  lohn  Shoebridge  Williams  that  he  placed 
them  there  when  a  boy. 

Robert  Williams,  besides  being  a  Friend,  was 


'^^- ■  •  '        '         '     'in 

V-. 

#itei 

$i 

^i^^^n^p 

m 

^' 

Shoebridge   W'llhanis    hid    the 
clamshells. 

a  Tory  in  his  political  belief.  During  the  war 
he  accepted  a  good  deal  of  Continental  money 
in  his  trading  transactions  and  many  accounts 
owing  him  Avere  not  paid.  He  also  suffered 
reverses  by  the  loss  of  one  or  more  of  his  trad- 
ing vessels,  and  from  being  a  wealthy  man 
beeauae  in  the  last  years  of  his  life  considerably 
involved  in  debt.  When  his  estate  was  settled 
up  there  was  found  very  little  of  his  former 
■wealth,  and  his  family  estate  is  said  to  have 
suffered  from  bad  management  or  Avorse  on  the 
part  of  the  exectitors. 

Robert  Williams  died  September  4th,  1790, 
and  was  buried  on  the  family  estate  about  200 


ROBERT  WILLIAMS'  GRAVP] 


yards  from  the  old  grist   mill  and  dam. 
grave  was  finally   discovered   tliroufih   the 
forts  of  the  present  writei'.  and  a  suitable  st 
and  enclosing  fence  were  erected  by   me, 
great  grandson. 

The  accompanying  cut  (No.  68)  shows 
testimonial  of  my  regai'd  that  I  have  h 
privileged  to  ei'ect  to  his  memory. 

Beaufoi't,   N.   C,   was  founded   in   171:!, 
years   ago,   and   was   destroyed   b.v   fire    ab 
1800. 


liams,  living-  in  Beaufort  50  years  after  Beau- 
fort was  founded  in  1713,  wiU  say  he  lived  here 
during  1775-1776.  If  you  v/Ul  look  over  the 
copies  of  the  letters  that  I  sent  you  relative  to 
his  making  salt  at  Gallants  Point,  and  at  what 
is  now  known  as  the  old  Salt  Works  which  is 
on  what  is  now  known  as  Taylor's  Creek,  about 
one  mile  East  of  Beaufort,  during  this  period. 
He  lived  in  Beaufort,  according  to  our  Colonial 
records,  and  the  early  history  of  North  Caro- 
lina states  he  was  the  first  person  that  ever 
extracted  salt  from  sea  or  salt  water.     This 


Cut   No.   08— St 


id    fence    erected 
grandson.   Mil 


of    Robert    Williams    by 
Williams. 


Beaufort,  N.  C,  12/28/19. 

LETTER  FROIM  D.  W.  MORTON, 
MY   AGENT. 

Mr.  M.  P.  Williams, 
St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Dear  Mr.  Williams: 

Your  recent  favor  of  the  20th  received.    In 
regard  to  your  Great  Grandfather,  Robert  Wil- 


method,  as  I  understand,  was  to  turn  the  salt 
water  into  a  drying  vat  and  wait  for  it  to  evap- 
orate or  dry  out;  and  while  this  seems  to  the 
present  generation  to  have  been  a  primitive 
mode,  I  judge  from  his  letters  to  the  Council  of 
State  that  it  was  successful. 

Wishing  .von  a  Merry  Xmas  and  a  prosper- 
ous New  Year,  I  am, 

Yours  very  ti-nl.v, 

D.  W^  MORTON. 


THE  WILLIAMS  HISTORY 


EXTRACT  FROM  CARTERET  COUNTY 
RECORDS,  BOOK  L,  PAGE  309. 

"Benjamin  Stanton,  of  Carteret  County,  N. 
C,  acting-  Trustee  and  Executor  of  the  Estate 
of  Robert  Williams,  deceased,  late  of  Carteret 
County,  N.  C,  to  William  Fisher,  Carteret 
County:  Whereas  the  said  Robert  Williams 
did  hy  his  last  will,  dated  September  2nd,  in 
the  year  of  1790,  nominate  and  appoint  the 
said  Benjamin  Stanton  with  sundry  other  per- 
sons as  Trustee  and  Executors  to  manage  and 
settle  all  the  worldly  affairs  after  his  decease, 
giving  them  full  power  and  authority  to  sell 
and  dispose  of  so  much  of  every  part  of  his 
estate,  whatever  real  or  personal  as  they  should 
find  necessary  for  discharging  the  said  debts 
brought  against  the  estate,  having  due  regard 
at  the  same  time  to  the  welfare  and  support  of 
his  family,  whereas  the  said  Benjamin  Stanton, 
who  is  the  only  person  who  has  since  been 
qualified  to  act  as  aforesaid,  has  after  advice 
and  due  consideration  found  it  most  consider- 
ate with  the  intuition  of  the  said  Testator  and 
least  injurious  to  the  welfare  of  his  family,  to 
sell  the  mills  on  Black  Ci'eek,  with  100  acres 
of  land  lying  continuous  thereto,  and  accord- 
ingly on  the  day,  the  date  hereof  being  the 
18th  day  of  March.  1791,  the  said  mill  and 
land  being  set  up  at  public  sale  and  struck  off 
the  aforesaid  Wm.  Fisher  for  900  pounds  cur- 
rent money  of  the  State  afoi-esaid,  the  receipt 
whereof  the  said  Benjainin  Stanton  doth  here- 
by acknowledge,  etc." 

It  appears  from  the  above  that  Robert  Wil- 
liams made  his  last  will  two  days  before  he 
died.  A  careful  search  has  not  revealed  a 
record  of  this  will,  and  it  is  possible  that  it  was 
destroyed  with  other  records  by  a  fire  that 
occurred  in  the  Carteret  Countv  court  house. 


RICHARD  WILLIAMS 

Seth  Oliver  Williams,  the  brother  of  the 
writer,  was  visiting  Joel  Kirks  near  Alliance, 
Ohio,  about  the  year  1880  and  was  told  about 
an  Edward  Williams,  who  had  a  fruit  farm 
near  Salem,  Ohio.  He  went  over  to  visit  Ed- 
ward Williams  and  found  he  was  a  widower 
with  one  daughter  named  Anna.  Edward 
Williams'   father   was   Richard   Williams,   the 


only    Son    of   my    Great    Grandfather,    Robert 
Williams,  and  Elizabeth  Dearman  of  England. 

Edward  Williams  some  time  afterwards  left 
Salem,  Ohio,  and  went  to  Florida. 


ROBERT  WILLIAMS'  DAUGHTER, 
ELIZABETH. 
NOTE:  I  am  indebted  to  Eli  W.  Gibbons 
(oldest  son  of  my  father's  sister,  Peninah  Wil- 
liams, who  married  Joseph  Gibbons),  who  is 
now  (January,  1920)  living,  in  his  82nd  year, 
near  Barnesville,  Ohio,  for  the  following  data 
of  the  only  daughter  of  my  great  grandfather, 
Robert  Williams,  who  reached  maturity,  mar- 
ried and  left  descendants.  He  also  relates  the 
Friends'  method  of  performing  the  marriage 
ceremony. 

Elizabeth  Garretson,  daughter  of  Robert  and 
Anna  Williams,  was  born  4th  month  28th,  1778, 
in  North  Carolina,  and  removed  with  her 
mother  and  two  brothers,  Samuel  and  John  S. 
WiJliams  (her  father  having  departed  this  life 
in  1790),  to  Concord,  Belmont  County,  Ohio, 
in  the  year  1800;  and  was  married  to  Joseph 
Garretson,  4th  month  26th.  1804,  in  Friends' 
meeting  house  at  that  place,  performing  the 
ceremony  themselves  according  to  the  practice 
of  the  Society  of  Friends,  which  they  believe 
to  be  the  most  proper  and  orderly  way  of 
solemnizing  the  occasion  of  two  being  made 
one — the  congregation  simply  hearing  the  cere- 
mony and  marriage  certificate  read  and  wit- 
nessing the  couple  signing  it  to  the  number  of 
not  less  than  twelve  or  more;  and  now,  after 
a  lapse  of  more  than  100  years,  if  anyone 
should  read  these  lines  who  are  unacquainted 
with  the  manner  of  Friends'  procedure  in 
marriage,  I  will  add  hereunto  a  few  extracts 
taken  from  a  copy  of  the  original  certificate 
copied  by  Joseph  Garretson  himself. 
Certificate. 

Whereas  Joseph  Garretson  of  Belmont 
County  and  State  of  Ohio,  Son  of  William  and 
Mary  Garretson.  and  Elizabeth  Williams  of 
County  and  State  aforesaid,  daughter  of 
Robert  and  Anna  Williams,  having  declared 
their  intentions  of  marriage  Avith  each  other 
before  several  monthly  meetings  of  the  people 
called  Quakers  at  Concord  in  the  County  afore- 


ELIZABETH  WILLIAMS  GARRETSON 


said,  and  having  consent  of  parents  and  parties 
concerned,  tlieir  said  pi'oposals  of  marriage 
were  allowed  by  said  meeting. 

Now  these  may  certify  all  whom  it  may 
concern,  that  for  the  full  accomplishment  of 
their  said  marriages  this  26tn  day  of  4th  month, 
1804,  they,  the  said  Joseph  Garretson  and 
Elizabeth  Williams,  appeared  in  a  public  meet- 
ing held  at  Concord  aforesaid,  and  the  said 
Joseph  Garretson,  taking  the  said  Elizabeth 
Williams  by  the  hand,  did  in  a  solemn  manner 
openly  declare  that  he  took  her  to  be  his  wife, 
promising  with  Divine  assistance  to  he  unto 
her  a  loving  and  faithful  husband,  until  it 
shall  please  the  Lord  by  death  to  separate 
them — or  words  to  the  same  etfect — and  then 
and  there  in  the  said  assembly  the  said  Eliza- 
beth Williams  did,  in  like  manner,  openly  de- 
clare that  she  took  him  to  be  her  husband, 
promising  through  Divine  help  to  be  unto  him 
ajoving  and  faithful  wife  until  it  should  please 
the  Lord  by  death  to  separate  them. 

And,  moreovei',  for  further  information  of 
said  marriage,  they,  the  said  Joseph  Garretson 
and  Elizabeth  Williams,  did  then  and  there 
hereunto  subscribe  their  names,  she  according 
to  the  custom  of  marriage  assuming  the  name 
of  her  husband. 

JOSEPH   GARRETSON. 
ELIZABETH  GARRETSON'. 

P.  S. — None  of  Joseph  Garretson 's  writings 
or  the  record  of  his  birth  in  our  Family  Bible 
gives  any  account  of  him  having  a  T  in  his 
name  as  a  middle  initial. 


JOSEPH  GARRETSON 'S  PARENTS. 

Joseph  Garretson  was  the  Son  of  a  William 
and  Mary  Garretson  and  was  born  in  Penn- 
sylvania, 29th  of  11th  month,  1782.  He  re- 
moved to  Ohio  about  the  year  1800  and 
settled  at  Concord.  In  1811  he  removed  to 
Barnesville,  Ohio,  and  later  settled  on  a  farm 
one  and  a  half  miles  South  of  town,  where  he 
ended  his  days  in  1855.  He  was  an  old-time 
wiclder  of  the  birch  and  rule,  and  spent  much 
of  his  lime  teaching  school;  he  taught  school 
orie  year  in  Barnesville  in  1811  for  $6.00  per 
scholar. 


ROBERT    WILLIAMS'    FIRST    LAND 
PURCHASE. 

Robei't  Williams  purchased  a  tract  of  land 
of  .jOO  acres  located  about  12  miles  from  Beau- 
fort, N.  C,  fi-om  Patrick  Conner,  September 
24th,  1774.  The  consideration  was  15  pounds 
and  was  sold  by  Robei-t  Williams,  Februaiy 
4tli.  17!I0,  to  Joseph  Leech  for  30  pounds. 

At  1h;.t  time  this  land  was  10  miles  from  any 
house  and  formed  pai-t  of  the  4,000  acres  ac- 
(piired  by  Robert  Williams.  The  lands  are  now 
being  developed  in  that  neighborhood  up  to 
and  adjoining  this  pi'operty,  and  a  new  I'oad 
that  will  cost  about  $36,000  per  mile  is  now 
being  prepared  which  will  form  part  of  the 
public  highway  fi-om  Boston  to  Floi'ida  nnd 
will  pass  the  family  lot  in  which  Robert  Wil- 
liams is  buried.  This  scenic  water  roadway 
from  Boston,  Mass.,  to  Florida,  runs  a  mile 
east  of  Harless  and  Clubfoot  Creek  Canal,  and 
about  three-quarters  of  a  mile  from  the  present 
public  I'oad  leading  from  Newberne  to  Beaii- 
fort.  Since  my  Great  Grandfather's  lot  and 
burial  place  has  been  protected  by  an  iron 
fence  and  monument  that  I  have  erected  to  his 
memory,  a  great  many  people  passing  on  the 
highway  have  stopped  to  inquire  about  Robert 
Williams. 

THE  CARTERET  LODGE  CO. 

The  old  homestead  on  which  the  burial  lol  is 
located  is  now  owned  by  a  company  that  is 
expending  half  a  million  dollars  in  improve- 
ments. This  company  purchased  this  old  home- 
stead property  about  five  years  ago  for  $30,000 
and  it  is  reported  that  it  will  now  bring  in  the 
open  market  $750,000.  Developments  are  also 
going  on  adjoining  the  300-acre  tract  men- 
tioned above  that  will  probably  cause  this 
tract  to  sell  for  $50.00  or  more  per  acre  within 
the  next  three  or  four  years. 

I  am  indebted  to  Hon.  Jones  Fuller  of  Dur- 
ham, N.  C,  who  is  Attorney  for  the  Cai-teret 
Lodge  Company,  for  permission  to  erect  this 
monument  and  fence  around  the  last  resting 
place  of  my  Great  Grandfather,  Robert  Wil- 
liams. This  permission  was  later  confirmed  by 
the  Director.*  flt  a  regular  Board  meeting. 
END   OF   PART   I 


THE  WILLIAMS  HISTORY 


PART  TWO 


GREAT-UNCLE  JOHN  SIIOEl^RIDOE 
WILLIAMS 

Robert  Williams  had  oiio  son,  Richai'd  Wil- 
liams, born  November  28,  1770,  bj'  his  wife, 
Elizabeth  Dearmaii  Williams;  and  by  his  sec- 
ond wife,  Anne  Shocbridge  Williams,  he  was 
blessed  with  eight  children,  only  three  of  whom 
survived:  viz.,  (1)  Elizabeth,  born  April  28, 
1778,  who  married  April  26,  1804,  Joseph  Gar- 
rctscn,  and  bore  five  children. 


grandfather),  who  was  born 
d   died    November   4,    1856, 


(2)  Sanuiel  (i 
March  1,  177il, 
aged  77  years. 

(3)  John  Shoebridge  Williams.  l)orn  July 
31,  1790,  near  Beaufort,  N.  C,  and  died  April 
27,  1878,  at  Viola,  Iowa,  age  88,  at  the  honu^  of 
John  Hampton. 

The  above  three  are  the  only  ones  of  the 
eight  children  of  Great  Grandmother  Anne 
Shoebridge  Williams,  who  reached  maturity 
and  had  descendants.  I  am  fortunate  in  being 
able  to  quote  from  the  "American  Pioneer,"  a 
magazine  edited  and  published  in  1842  and 
1843  by  John  Shoebridge  Williams,  the  son  of 
Oreat  Grandfather  Robert.  In  the  October 
number  of  this  magazine,  John  Shoebridge 
Williams  gives  an  account  of  his  parentage 
and  iniancy,  and  his  removal  with  his  widowed 
mother  to  the  ' '  Northwest  Territory,  "so  called, 
in  the  State  of  Ohio,  the  building  of  a  log  cabin 
in  the  woods  (see  cut  No.  70),  where  the  mo- 
notony cf  life  for  several  of  the  first  year.i  of 
their  residence  was  broken  and  enlivened  by 
the  howl  of  wild  beasts.  This  cabin  was  occu- 
pied December  25,  1800.  About  two  years  later 
his  half  brother,  Richard,  who  had  been  a  sea 
captain  for  many  years,  abandoned  his  sea- 
faring life  at  the  age  of  32  and  came  to  their 
settlemoit.  John  Shoebridge  Williams  was  then 
12  years  old.  His  brother,  Richard,  had  lost 
his  first  wife,  by  whom  he  had  a  son,  Robert, 


who  die<[  youny.  He  bad  married  again,  and 
no\v  had  a  daughter  Elizabeth,  nearly  three 
years  old.  He  had  left  his  family  at  or  near 
Wheeling,  but  the  neighbors  soon  had  a  cabin 
erected  for  him  neai'  the  meeting  bduse.  and  a 
school  was  opened  and  taught  b\-  Kicliard. 

JOHN,  SON  OP  ROBERT  WILLIAMS,  ADDS 
HIS    aiOTHER'S    NAME 

"BEING  SUr.JECT  TO  DIVERSE  incon- 
veniences for  want  of  distinction,  I  add  to 
my  name  Shoebridge,  in  the  22.- d  of  the  2nd 
month,  1820.     John  S.  Williams." 

This  is  a  record  frdiii  the  l>ible  of  John  Shoe- 
bridge  Williams,  showing  that  at  the  age  of  30 
be  rc'inired  a  distinguishing  name  and  there- 
fore took  his  middle  name,  Shoebridge.  (This 
record  is  by  the  courtesy  of  Mrs.  Jennie  Belle 
Fowler  of  ilollywood,  Cal.) 

THE  TESTIMONY  OF  JOHN  SHOEBRIDGE 
WILLIAMS,  SON  OF  ROBERT  WILLIAMS 

An  extract  from  the  "American  Pioneer,"  a 
monthly  pei'icdical,  edited  by  John  Shoebridge 
Williams,  then  living  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  iir 
1843.  This  book  from  which  we  take  the  ex- 
tracts begii  iung  this  history  of  the  emanation 
cf  our  brajieh  of  the  Williamri  family,  was  pub- 
lished in  1843,  R.  L.  Polk,  printers,  Cincin- 
nati, 0.  It  was  called  the  "American  Pio- 
neer," a  monthly  periodical,  and  contained 
letters  from  old  settlers  in  the  State  of  Ohio: 

ROBERT  AVILLIAMS  OF  RUTHIN,   WALES 

"My  father's  name  was  Robert.  He  was 
f)orn  in  the  town  of  Ruthin,  in  Denbighshire 
just  120  years  ago.  A  love  of  novelty  soon  led 
him  to  England,  and  thence  to  America.  He 
opened  two  mercantile  establishments  in  New- 
bern  and  Beaufort,  N.  C.  In  1767  he  married 
Elizabeth  Dearnum,   an  English  lady,   and  by 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


nay  of  a  honeymoon  excursion,  brought  his 
wife  to  America,  with  the  prospect  of  a  speedy 
return  for  settlement.  She  invited  Anne  Shoe- 
bridge,  of  Essex,  or  London,  my  mother,  then 
a  young  lady  of  19.  to  visit  America,  as  her 
companion.  The  mvitation  was  accepted. 
"When  we  consider  that  to  cross  the  Atlantic 
it  then  re(|uired  to  bo  tumbled  and  tossed  on 
the  waves  from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  at  a 
time,  it  will  be  seen  that  that  visit  heads  most 
of  the  honeymoon   trips  now  in  fashion. 

■'Twice    they    were    ready    to    i-eturn,    once 
packed  up,  but  a  wise  Providence  ordered  that 


and  myself,  J.  S.  Williams.  (Samuel  Williams 
M'as  M.  V.  Williams'  grandfather  on  his 
father's  side,  they  of  Belmont  County,  in  the 
State  of  Ohio.)  I  mention  the  time  of  my 
mother's  mari'iage  with  some  degree  of  pride. 
It  took  place  very  near,  if  not  the  very  day 
that  Logan  made  his  celebrated  speech,  and 
not  far  from  the  time  the  Bostonians  made 
their  great  dish  of  cold  water  tea. 

ROBERT  WILLIAMS'  BUSINESS 
REVERSES 

"My   father   is  said   to   have   been   wealthy. 


Cut    No.    69 — John  Shoebridge  Williams,  son  of  Robert  and  Anne  Shoebridge  Williams, 
Born  near  Beaufort,  U.  C,  July  31,  1790,  Died  April  27,  1878,  at  John  Hampton's,  in  Viola,  la. 
(This  portrait  was  presented  to  my  father  Robert  Williams,  his  nephew,  about  1840) 

M.  F.  W. 


tlie   children   of  these   women   should  l)e  born 
Americans. 

'"I!y  his  first  wife.  Elizabeth,  he  had  but  one 
child,  Richard,  now  (1843)  living  in  Massillon, 
or  near  ilassillon,  in  the  State  of  Ohio.  She, 
Robert  Williams'  first  wife,  died  in  1773,  and 
he,  Robert  Williams,  married  my  mother  Octo- 
ber 1st,  1774.  by  whom  he  had  eight  children, 
three  only  of  whom  lived  to  be  known  by 
name:    Elizabeth   ftarretson,   Samuel   Williams 


but  several  causes  contributed  to  lessen  his 
fortune,  until  at  the  time  of  his  death,  in  1790, 
a  few  weeks  after  my  birth,  his  estate  was  eon- 
siderabl.y  embarrassed.  A  great  storm  at  sea 
seemed,  as  I  have  heard,  to  put  the  first  check 
to  his  success.  Then  the  failure  of  an  extea- 
sive  house  in  London,  then  the  Revolutionary 
war.  and  the  reception  of  continental  money. 
This  he  kept,  in  dependence  on  the  Govern- 
ment, until  it  was  nearlv  worthless.  The  break- 


JOHN'S  EARLY  LIFE 


ing  out  of  the  Revolution  (1771),  which  was 
ooncliidod  in  1775,  added  to  other  considei'a- 
lions,  determined  him  to  retire  from  mercan- 
tile pursuits,  which  he  did,  to  a  tine  estate  in 
Carteret  County,  N,  ('.,  chosen  with  inference 
to  its  value  for  timber  and  water  powei'.  He 
built  a'  fine  milling  establishment,  both  tloui'ing 
and  sawing,  breasting  against  a  lam,  which 
held  an  inexhaustible  supply  of  watci'  in  a 
poud  of  from  six  to  ten  miles  in  circuit.  Scarce- 
ly was  this  done  till  the  whole  dam  and  all 
went  down  stream  into  tide  water,  which 
flowed  up  the  mill-tail. 

ROBERT  WILLIAMS'  MILL  DAM 

"The  vast  iiuantity  of  water  wliieh  rushed 
through  this  breach  in  the  alhivians  of  Caro- 
lina left  a  hole  of  90  feet  in  depth  from  the 
top  cf  the  dam.  This  it  was  ncccsary  to  repair 
befoi'o  water  could  again  bo  accumulated. 

"He,  mj'  father,  was  not  to  be  outdone  in 
that  way.  but  mills  were  built  separate  at  each 
end  of  the  dam,  Avhich  are  standing  yet  for  all 
I  know.  His  benevolence,  a  charaeteristic  of 
his  nation,  grew  upon  him  with  age;  and  'tis 
said  he  carried  this  very  far.  He  also  at  one 
time  set  liis  whole  plantation  of  slaves  free, 
proI)ably  in  or  about  1780,  when  the  Society 
of  Friends  (of  which  he  was  a  member)  manu- 
mitted theirs.  Several  of  these  stayed  about 
us  until  we  left  Carolina,  and  two,  an  ancient 
man  named  Qnani,  lived  in  our  house  until  his 
deafli  in  1794;  and  a  female  named  Jenney 
followed  lis  to  Ohio  in  1802,  and  died  in  our 
house  in  1804.  From  what  was  known  of  these 
native  Africans,  it  was  believed  they  were 
nearly,  if  not  (|uitc,  100  years  of  age  at  their 
deaths  If  thci'e  is  a  Heaven  for  the  good, 
which  1  doubt  not,  these  two  must  be  in  it. 

"ify  father's  estate,  being  somewhat  embar- 
rassed, and,  as  is  understood,  mismanaged  by 
his  executors,  left  niy  mother  little  except  our 
homestead  cf  1100  aci-e".  of  fine  land,  and  part 
of  the  personal  property.  She  was  still  in  com- 
fortable, but  not  by  any  means  in  aftlnent  cir- 
cumstances. It  may  now  be  seen  that  we  wei'e 
neither  born  with  a  silver  spoon  in  our  months 
nor  a  very  good  prospect  of  having  one  placed 
thei-e  to  remain,  and  until  we  shall  be  satistied 
that  such  things  are  of  i-eal  advantage  to  youth 


we  shall  not  sutTo'  rcgi'cts  to  ai'ise  on  account 
of  the  darkening  of  oui'  youthful  sky. 

EARLY    LIFE    OF    JOIIX    SIIOEIiRIDUE 
WILLIAMS 

"In  one  thing  we  count  ourselves  most  for- 
tunate. As  is  eustomai'y  in  the  South,  aged 
blacks  take  care  of  the  children.  Old  Quam 
was  appointed  my  guardian,  and  a  more  faith- 
ful one  never  protected  a  ward.  There  is  some- 
thing surprising  about  blacks,  as  well  as  In- 
dians, that  attach  them  to  children,  and  chil- 
dren to  them,  more  firmly  than  can,  under  simi- 
lar circumsitanees  bind  whites.  It  is  an  un- 
deniable fact  that  blacks  are  more  faithful 
nni'scs  than  whites,  or  at  least  children  seem 
to  think  so.  I  thought  nobody  e(|ual  to  old 
Quam ;  he  thought  there  never  was  such  a  fine, 
black-haired,  curly  headed,  blue-eyed  boy  be- 
fore bom.  as  I  was,  although  I  kept  him  run- 
ning after  me  in  day  time,  like  a  hen  after  one 
chicken.  I  had  a  deal  of  Welsh  blood  about 
me,  and  would  go  when  I  plea'sed,  and  Quam 
w^ould  not  crosT  me,  not  he;  and  thus  he  was 
perpetually  in  a  stew  to  keep  me  out  of  every 
danger,  both  real  and  imaginary.  He  loved  my 
mother  as  if  she  were  his  own,  and  he  knew 
besides  the  loss  I  would  be  to  him  ;  my  death 
would  almost  kill  her,  as  I  was  by  more  than 
ten  her  youngest  living  child.  Old  Quam  es- 
caped from  a  deal  of  anxious  concern  at  his 
death. 

"My  being  so  much  the  youngest,  and  living 
in  a  slave  country,  which  makes  white  children 
scarce,  my  only  companion  during  my  first  four 
years  was  old  Quam.  He  w^as  eminently  pious 
and  pre-eminently  innocent.  He  was  just  such 
a  nurse  as  was  calculated  to  have  a  good  effect 
upon  me.  I  remember  him  well  and  vei'y  viv- 
idly the  time  of  his  death,  by  which,  at  four 
years,  I  lest  my  friend.  Previously  he  had 
taught  me  many  of  the  essentials  of  religion. 
He  had  most  firmly  impressed  on  my  mind 
that  thei-e  was  a  Great  Good  Man  who  made 
everything.  That  he  lived  away  up  in  the  sky. 
That  he  could  see  all  we  did.  That  when  we 
did  good  he  loved  and  smiled  at  us,  but  when 
we  hurt  anything  or  did  anybody  harm  he  was 
sorry,  and  would  frown  at  us  and  would  not 
like  us.     That  it  was  very  wrong  to  displease 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


him.  Although  Quam  knew  not  a  letter,  he 
could  repeat  whole  verses  of  Scripture,  and,  as 
I  have  heard,  some  chapters.  He  use  to  tell  me 
of  wicked  people,  how  they  oppressed  and  de- 
stroyed one  another,  and  how  the  Great  Good 
Man  was  so  angry  at  some  wicked  people  that 
he  made  their  country  so  dark  that  they  could 
foci  the  darkness  like  grains  of  corn. 

''In  this  way  he  would  so  impress  me  as  to 
make  me  cry,  till  the  family  would  be  drawn 
'to  know  what  was  the  matter.  My  good  moth- 
er was  eminently  pious,  too,  and  always  took 
much  pains  to  impress  my  mind  Avith  love  and 
fear  for  the  Supreme  Being,  but  I  could  not 
understand  her  as  I  could  Quam's  simple  illus- 
trations. 

"1  was  ver_y  much  indulged,  and  had  it  not 
been  for  Qaani's  pious  influence,  a  boy  of  my 
wayward  propensities  could  scai'cely  have  been 
kept  within  tolerable  bounds.  There  is  no 
wonder  I  was  indulged  when  we  consider  my 
situation  as  last  in  the  family  and  tirst  in  the 
heart  of  my  widowed  mother,  who,  however, 
never  let  her  feelings  overcome  her  prudence, 
but  kept  me  within  reasonable  bounds  after 
Quam's  death.  While  Quam  lived,  he  was  not 
satisfied  to  be  parted  from  me  the  whole  of 
any  night.  He  would  get  up  every  night  in 
sweet-potato  time,  and  have  some  roasted  by 
three  or  four  o'clock,  and  then  I  was  just  as 
regular  to  wake  and  my  sister  must  carry  me 
out  to  Quam  in  the  kitchen.  There  I  would 
eat  potatoes  and  ask  him  questions,  and  we 
would  chat  over  all  onr  concerns  till  near  day- 
light, when  I  would  tumble  down  on  his  bunk 
and  finish  the  night  in  sleeping  and  he  in 
watching.  These  things  seem  to  me  almost  as 
if  the.y  haiJi)ened  last  year.  Old  Quam's  great 
indulgence  in  satisfying  all  my  inquiries  to  the 
best  of  his  ability,  and  never  checking  me  in 
asking  and  inquiring,  I  have  no  doubt,  the 
same  was  of  essential  service  to  me.  I  have 
not  a  pai'tiele  of  doubt  that  it  gave  me  an  early 
memory.  I  can  well  remember  when  two  and 
a  half  years  old,  being  held  one  night  in  a  door 
by  my  sister  to  see  the  sawmill  burn,  which 
was,  say  forty  rods  from  the  house.  I  remem- 
ber the  fire  that  flew  towards  our  house,  and 
their  anxiety  and  precaution  in  extinguishing 
sparks  on  the   roof  on   which  was   old  Quam, 


and  how  my  teeth  chattered  with  fear  and  cold. 
I  believe,  too,  that  not  only  this  early  and  defi- 
nite memory  was  the  result  of  his  indulging  all 
my  inquiries,  but  that  it  gave  me  great  facili- 
ties in  attending  to  studies  and  in. acquiring 
knowledge  in  afte?'  life. 

"It  is  miserable  treatment  to  rebuke  a  child 
who.  from  the  afl'ection  of  knowing.,  will  ask  a 
thousand  (juestions.  Sometimes  burdensome, 
to  be  sure,  but  when  we  consider  that  upon 
that  affection  of  knowing  is  built  all  the  child's 
advancement  in  knowledge  afterwards,  how 
cruel  it  is  to  rebuke  the  inquiries  of  the  infant. 
Many  a  parent  has  ruined  his  child  by  this 
kind  of  discouragement,  and  afterwards  chas- 
tised him  for  not  loving  and  attending  to 
studies  and  for  making  sIoav  progress  therein, 
when  his  own  thoughtless  course  had  produced 
that  apathy  and  inability.  All  innocent  in- 
(|uiries  by  infants  and  children  at  all  proper 
times  should  be  indulged  and  encouraged,  how 
pestcrsome  soever  they  may  seem. 

EARLY    SCHOOLING    OP    ELIZABETH 
AND  SAMUEL 

"Being  born  among  a  dense  slave  popula- 
tion, and  twelve  miles  from  the  nearest  settle- 
ment of  friends,  white  children  Avere  very 
thinly  scattered,  so  that  country  schools  could 
not  be  maintaijied.  White  children  Avere  sent 
from  home  for  schooling.  I  never  kncAv  a 
school  in  that  country  except  one  quarter 
(Avhich  Avould  be  three  months),  kept  by  one 
Thomas  Eccles,  Avhen  I  Avas  four  and  a  half 
years  old.  My  sister  and  brother  attended.  I. 
hoAvever,  under  the  tuition  of  my  mother, 
learned  so  as  to  read  Avith  ease  at  the  age  of 
seven.  Being  divested  of  all  playmates  in 
childhood,  induced  a  singular  turn  of  mind, 
Avhich  may  be  seen  to  this  day,  and  Avhich  I 
shall  never  be  bereft  of,  Avere  it  desirable.  I 
learned  rapidly,  never  Avore  out  or  abused  a 
book  in  my  life.  I  kept  my  first  primer,  toy 
books,  spelling  books,  slate,  arithemtic,  and 
Avithout  a  leaf  amiss,  until  I  had  a  nephcAV  old 
enough  to  use  them.  I  have  sometimes  re- 
gretted giving  them  to  him,  as  I  Avas  grieved  to 
see  they  Avere  soon  gone  Avhen  placed  in  other 
hands. 

"Owing  to  the  Ava.VAvardness  of  my  disposi- 


THE  WILLIAMS   FA.AIILY   LEAVE   XORTII   CAROLLXA 


tion,  and  evil  propensities  of  my  natiire,  I  do 
think  that  had  it  not  l:een  foi'  the  early  iiiHu- 
onees  of  old  Qiiani  and  my  niothei',  that  I  eoiikl 
not  have  been  a  man  that  society  would  have 
tolerated.  They  took  sinsulat'  pains  to  impress 
my  mind  with  a  horror  ef  inllidin^  pain  on 
even  the  meanest  insect.  When  a  child  I  would 
cry  to  see  one  wounded.  I  could  not  bear  to 
witness  the  ■  writhings  of  a  conch,  boiling  to 
death  in  its  own  shell.  That  seemed  to  be  the 
only  maimer  of  killing  them.  I  could  not  bear 
to  ?ee  fish  struggling  en  the  shore  for  hrcalli. 
nor  clams  roasting  fcr  dinnei'.  To  my  early 
tuition  may  be  attributed  the  fact  that,  al- 
though in  boyhood  and  youthfulnes.s  I  was  an 
inhabitant  of  the  woods,  in  the  naidst  of  and 
often  annoyed  by  wild  animals,  and  I  had  a 
gun  at  command,  I  never  shot  at  but  four  liv- 
ing creatures,  all  of  which  escaped;  and  when 
I  considered  that  some  of  them  might  be  se- 
riously ^^ounded  and  suffering  in  pain,  and 
writhing  in  death,  all  thoughts  of  shooting  at 
animals  were  abandoned.  I  always  consid- 
ered it  fortunate  that  my  early  infanej',  in 
which  is  laid  the  foundation  of  the  future  man, 
fell  into  such  hands  as  old  Quam  and  my  nioth,  ■ 
er;  but,  unfortunateh^  that  while  I  have  lost 
much  of  the  good  infantile  education,  I  have 
retained  much,  if  not  most  of  that  which  "was 
erroneous,  and  added  of  my  own  what  is 
wrong.  My  early  seclusion  from  children  in- 
duced a  singular  turn  of  mind  and  propensity 
to  be  alone.  This  will  show  itself  frequently 
in  the  e.yes  of  otiicis  to  great  disadvantas'o. 
Perhaps  my  voluntary  relinquishment  of  my 
right  among  the  Friends  at  the  age  of  37  may 
in  part  be  traced  to  this  source. 

A  r.OND  HELD  BY  A  TORY 

"The  most  severe  stroke  that  I  remember 
to  have  fallen  on  my  mother  was  in  1799.  She 
received  information  that  the  heirs  of  one  Sam 
Connell.were  coming  on  us  for  debt,  contracted 
before  the  Revolution.  At  a  certain  time,  .ts  I 
have  heard,  my  father  expected  three  vessels 
from  England,  that  he  had  engaged  to  reload 
with  naval  stores.  He  had  the  loading  on  the 
wharf,  in  Newbern,  when  a  long  and  tempest- 
uous storm  set  into  the  mouth  of  the  Neus 
River  until  it  was  so  swollen  as  to  float  oft'  his 
loading,     iluch    of  it  was  lost,  and  before  he 


could  collect  criouiiii  more  the  vessels  came, 
and  of  Sam  Connell  he  purchaseil  to  tlie  value 
of  seventy  pounds,  foi'  which  he  gave  his  bond. 
The  Revolution  commenced  soon  aftei-.  Con- 
nell was  a  Toi-y  and  ran  oft'  to  England  with 
the  bond.  This  prevented  its  scttlemenl.  After 
Jay's  treaty  the  heirs  came  upon  us,  not  oidy 
lor  principal  and  interest  but  compound  inter- 
est. Twenty-five  or  thirty  years  had  swollen 
it  to  a  considerable  sum.  However  question- 
iible  the  compulsion  of  a  widow,  who  had  not 
anything  like  her  third  at  the  final  settlement 
of  the  estate,  might  be,  mother  was  never  the 
woman  to  think  that  any  circumstances  could 
justify  debts  being  left  unpaid  while  anything 
was  remaining.  1  am  proud  to  say  that  she 
never  got  into  the  late  fashion  of  believing  that 
the  widow  of  a  landholder  or  speculator  ought 
to  be  wealthy,  whether  her  husband  was  ever 
really  worth  a  cent  or  not.  The  executors 
agreed  to  take  the  homestead  and  let  her  have 
all  the  remaining  personal  property.  She 
agreed  to  the  proposal,  and  in  order  to  enable 
her  to  remove  to  the  Northwest  Territory  she 
cold  what  the  family  could  spare.  Her  per- 
sonal property  f.old  very  low,  as  it  was  a  time 
of  general  emigration. 

FROil    BEAUFORT    TO    ALEXANDRIA    BY 
SAILING  VESSEL 

"In  April,  1800,  we  sailed  from  Beaufort  for 
Alexandria,  in  company  with  seventy  other 
emigrants,  large  and  small,  say  twelve  families. 
AVe  had  one  storm  and  were  once  becalmed  in 
Core  Sound,  and  had  to  wait  about  two  weeks 
at  Curritue  Inlet  (lunv  filled  up)  for  a  wind 
to  take  us  to  sea.  From  thence  to  Alexandria 
we  had  a  line  run,  especially  up  the  Potomac 
Bay.  While  cooped  up  in  the  vessel  a  circum- 
stance happened  to  me  that  1  shall  never  foi-- 
get,  and  was  always  of  use  to  me.  One  of  the 
first  nights  cf  the  voyage  1  lost  my  trousers, 
so  that  when  it  was  time  to  dress  in  the  morn- 
ing my  indispensables  were  non  est  inventis. 
There  were  man,y  of  both  sexes  present,  for  the 
schooner  had  very  little  loading  but  emigrants. 
The  mortification  felt  for  half  an  hour  at  the 
accident  was  never  erased  from  my  memory, 
and  from  that  time  to  this  I  never  undress 
■without  knowing  precisely  where  my  clothing 
is  left.     During  the  storm  we  were  in,  the  ma- 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


jority  on  board  were  seasiek,  and  we  had 
rather  a  disagreeable  time  among,  say  forty 
or  fifty  vomiting  individuals.  Neither  that  nor 
the  rolling  of  the  vessel  affected  me,  as  it  hap- 
pened. This  is  mentioned  as  one  of  the  dis- 
agreeabilities  of  emigration  that  makes  set- 
tling in  the  woods  feel  more  comfortable  by 
contrast.  At  Alexandria  we  remained  several 
days  before  we  got  wagons  to  bring  us  out. 
Here  everything  was  weighed.  My  weight  was 
just   75   pounds. 

THROUGH    THE    VIRGINIA   MOUNTAINS 

We  stopped  here  two  weeks,  on  what 
I  think  was  called  Goose  Creek  in  Vir- 
ginia, before  we  could  be  supplied  with  a 
wagon  to  cross  the  mountains,  in  place  of  the 
one  we  occupied  which  belonged  there.  We 
stayed  one  night  at  Dinah  Besor's  Tavern,  at 
the  foot  of  the  Blue  Ridge  Mountains.  It  was 
called  Dinah  Besor's  house,  because  the  gray 
mare  was  there  the  better  horse.  Some  of  the 
boys  mounted  a  fine  cherry  tree,  for  which  the 
old  man  gave  them  a  scolding,  lest  they  might 
break  the  limb.  I  noticed  the  immense  num- 
ber of  whippoorwills  that  were  here,  and  the 
difference  in  their  note  from  what  I  was  used 
to.  Here  their  cry  resembled  their  name,  but 
in  Carolina  it  resembled  the  words  'whip  the 
widow  whiteoak.'  The  mountain  roads  (if 
roads  they  could  be  called,  for  pack  horses 
were  still  on  them),  were  of  the  most  danger- 
ous and  difficult.  I  have  heard  an  old  moun- 
tain tavernkeeper  say  that  although  the  tav- 
erns were  less  than  two  miles  apart,  in  years 
after  we  came,  he  has  known  many  immigrant 
families  that  stopped  a  night  at  every  tavern 
on  the  mountains.  I  recollect  but  few  of  our 
night  stands  distinctly,  say  Dinah  Besor's, 
Goose  Creek,  old  Crocks,  near  the  South 
Branch,  Thomlinson's,  Besontown,  and  Simp- 
kins,  and  Merritstown.  Our  company  consist- 
ed of  Joseph  Due,  Levina  Hall,  and  Jonas 
Small,   with   their    families.     After   a    tedious 

SOJOURN  AT  FREDERICKTOWN,  PA. 

joiirney,  we  all  arrived  safe  at  Frederiektown, 
Washington  county.  Pa.,  where  we  stopped  to 
await  the  opening  of  the  land  office  at  Steuben- 
ville,   Ohio.     Hei'e    we  found  Horton  Howard 


and  family,  \vho  had  come  on  the  season  pre- 
vious. Here  also  the  children  had  the  whoop- 
ing cough.  Those  whom  we  left  at  Alexandria 
came  to  Redstone  old  fort,  ten  miles  below 
Frederiektown,  where  they  sojourned  for  the 
same  purpose;  and  although  as  we  thought  un- 
fortunately detained,  they  were  first  at  their 
resting  place.  We  regretted  much  to  leave 
them,  but  considered  ourselves  fortunate  in  be- 
ing the  first  to  start;  but,  like  many  circum- 
stances in  life,  where  appearances  are  not  real- 
ities, they  were  fortunate  in  being  left  for  a 
better  and  more  speedy  conveyance. 

"Jonas  Small,  Francis  Mace  and  several  other 
families  from  Red  Stone,  returned  to  Carolina, 
dissatisfied  with  the  hills,  vales  and  mud  of  the 
Northwest,  little  dreaming  of  the  level  and 
open  prairies  of  this  valley.  Horton  Howard 
and  family  started  first   from   Frederiektown. 

THROUGH    PENNSYLVANIA    MOUNTAINS 
INTO    OHIO 

Jo.-.eph  Due,  Livina  Hall  and  ourselves  made 
another  start  in  September  or  early  in  October. 
We  started  in  the  afternoon,  and  lay  at  Ben- 
jamine  Townsend's,  on  Fish  Pot  Run.  We 
lay  also  at  the  Blueball,  near  Washington;  at 
Rice's  OH  the  Buffalo;  and  at  Warren  on  the 
Ohio.  These  are  all  the  night  stands  I  now  rec- 
ollect, in  55  miles.  We  arrived  safe  at  John 
Leaf's,  in  what  is  now  called  Concord  Settle- 
ment. I''rom  Warren,  Joseph  Due  and  Mrs. 
Hall  proceeded  up  little  Short  Creek  and 
stopped  near  where  Mount  Pleasant  now  is,  in 
what  is  now  called  Concord  Settlement.  Four 
or  five  years  previously  five  or  six  persons  had 
si|uatted  and  made  small  improvements.  The 
P^i'iends.  chiefly  from  Carolina,  had  taken  the 
land  at  a  clear  sweep.  Mr.  Leaf  lived  on  a 
tract  bought  by  Horton  Howard,  since  owned 
by  Samuel  Potts,  and  subricquently  by  William 
Millhouse.  Horton  Howard  had  turned  i)i  on 
Mr.  Leaf,  and  we  turned  in  on  both. 

' '  If  any  one  had  an  idea  of  the  appearance  of 
the  remnant  of  a  town  that  has  been  nearly  de- 
stroyed by  fire,  and  the  houseless  inhabitants 
turned  in  upon  those  who  were  left,  they  can 
form  some  idea  of  the  sf|uatters'  cabins  that 
fall.  It  was  a  real  harvest  for  them,  however, 
for  they  received  the  rhino  for  the  privileges 


OUR  PIONEER  CAHIX 


granted  and  woi'k  done,  as  well  as  in  aid  of 
the  immigrants  in  gettinj^-  eahins  up,  as  foi- 
their  improvements.  This  settlement  is  in  Bel- 
mont County,  on  Glen's  Run,  about  six  miles 
northwest  of  Wheeling,  and  as  much  northeast 
of  St.  Clairsville.  Immigrants  poui'ed  in  fi'oni 
different  part.s,  cabins  were  put  up  in  every 
different  direction,  ^\omen,  childi'en  and  goods 
tumbled  into  them.  The  tide  of  immigration 
flowed  like  water  through  a  breach  in  a  mill- 
dam.  Everything  was  bustle-  and  confusion, 
and  all  at  work  that  could  work.  In  the  nudst 
of  all  this,  the  mumps,  and  perhaps  one  or  two 
other  diseases  prevailed,  and  gave  us  a  season- 
ing. Our  cabin  (see  cut  Xo.  70)  had  been 
raised,  covered,  part  of  the  cracks  chinked  and 
part  of  the  floor  laid  when  we  moved  in  on 
Christmas  day.  There  had  not  been  a  stick  cut 
except  in  building  the  cabin. 

OUR  CABIN   IN  THE   WOODS 

' '  We  had  intended  an  inside  chimney,  for 
we  thought  the  chimney  ought  to  lie  in  the 
house.  We  had  a  log  put  across  the  whole 
width  of  the  cabin  foi-  a  mantel,  but  when 
the  floor  was  in  we  found  it  so  low  as  not  to 
answer,  and  removed  it.  Here  was  a  great 
change  for  my  mother  and  sister,  as  well  a;  the 
rest,  but  pai-tieulai-ly  my  mother.  She  was 
raised  in  the  most  delicate  manner  in  and  near 
London,  and  lived  most  of  her  time  in  aftiu- 
enee  and  always  comfortable.  She  was  now 
in  the  wilderness,  surrounded  by  wild  animals; 
in  a  cabin  with  about  half  a  floor,  no  door,  no 
ceiling  overhead,  not  even  a  tolerable  sign  for 
r.  fireplace,  the  light  of  day  and  the  chilling 
winds  of  night  passing  between  every  two  logs 
in  the  building,  the  cabin  so  high  from  the 
ground  that  a  bear,  wolf,  panther  or  any  ani- 
mal less  in  size  than  a  co>v  could  enter  without 
even  a  squeeze.  Such  was  our  situation  on 
Thursday  and  Thursday  night,  December  25th, 
1800,  Christmas,  and  wliieh  was  bettered  but 
by  very  slow  degrees.  We  got  the  rest  of  the 
floor  laid  in  a  few  days,  the  chinking  of  the 
cracks  went  on  slowly,  but  the  daubing  could 
not  proceed  till  weather  more  suitable,  which 
happened  in  a  few  days ;  doorways  were  sawed 
out  and  steps  made  of  the  logs,  and  the  back 
of  the  chimney  was  raised  up  to  the  mantel, 


I  but  till-  funnel  of  sticks  and  clay  was  delayed 
j  until   Spriiiii-. 

I  "My  mother  had  hern  weakly  on  our  yaiv- 
I  ney,  and  at  Ki'edei'iektowu  was  mo!-e  sei'iously 
'  ill  than  1  cvci-  knew  her  before  or  since  She 
still  lives,  a  monument  of  the  Lord's  meT-cy, 
and  a  liright  illustration  of  the  di.scipline  of 
which  the  human  mind  is  susceptible.  She  has 
been  blind  about  eight  years,  and  to  my  recol- 
lection she  never  complained  of  anything,  but 
trusted  all  to  Divine  Providence.  She  now.  at 
the  age  of  ninety-five,  waits  her  change  with 
patience,  is  little  or  no  trouble  to  anyone :  en- 
joys good  health,  a  serene  and  sound  mind,  and 
the  age  of  dotage  seems  never  to  have  over- 
taken her;  never  gives  unnecessary  pain  or 
trouble  to  any  one,  and  is  pleased  when  by 
i-epeating  verses  she  learned  when  a  girl,  she 
can  add  to  the  happiness  of  the  social  circle. 
She  has  been  a  woman  of  strict  economy  and 
great  industry,  but  nevei'  milked  a  cow,  and 
perhaps  never  spun  a  thi'ead  in  her  life,  and 
scarcely  ever  cooked,  but  was  a  great  sewer 
and  knitter.  This  she  does  now  with  great 
facility,  saying  that  if  she  could  not  knit  .she 
would  be  very  unhappy.  She  is  vei-y  little  of 
her  time  without  her  knitting,  except  on  First 
Days,  as  she  calls  the  Sabbath.  She  was  always 
a  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends.  She  is 
much  delighted  with  hearing  the  Word  or  any 
religious  books  read. 

OUR  PIONEER   FAIMILY 

' '  Our  family  consisted  of  my  mother,  a  sister 
of  twenty-two,  my  brother  past  twenty-one  and 
very  weakly,  and  myself,  in  my  eleventh  year. 
Two  years  afterwards  Black  Jenney  followed 
us  in  company  with  my  half-brother.  Richard, 
and  his  family.  She  lived  two  years  with  us  in 
Ohio  and  died  in  the  winter  of  1S03-4. 

"In  biulding  ou)-  cabin  it  was  set  to  front 
the  north  ami  south,  my  brother  using  my  fa- 
ther's pocket  compass  on  the  occasion.  We 
had  no  idea  of  living  in  a  house  that  did  not 
stand  scfuare  with  the  earth  itself.  This  argued 
our  ignorance  of  the  comforts  and  conven- 
iences of  a  pioneer  life.  The  position  of  the 
house,  end  to  the  hill,  necessarily  elevated  the 
lower   end,   and   the   determination   of    having 


THE     WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


both  a  north  and  south  door  added  much  to  thr- 
aiiyiioss  of  the  domicile,  particularly  after  the 
green  ash  pnncheons  had  shrunk  so  as  to  have 
cracks  in  Ihe  floor  and  doors  from  one  to  two 
inches  Avide.  At  both  the  doors  we  had  high, 
unsteady  and  sometimes  icy  steps,  made  by  pil- 
ing up  the  logs  cut  out  of  the  wall.  We  had, 
as  the  reader  will  see  (cut  No.  70),  a  window 
(if  it  colli  J  he  called  a  window),  when  perhaps 
it  was  the  largest  spot  in  the  top,  bottom,  oi' 
sides  of  the  cabin  at  which  the  wind  could  not 
enter.     Jt  was  made  by  sawing  out  a  log,  plac- 


ter  displayed,  in  ample  order,  a  host  of  pewter 
plates,  basins  and  dishes  and  spoons,  scoured 
and  bright.      (See  cut  No.  36.)" 

Note  by  tha  Author,  Milton  F.  Williams 

The  above  cut  (No.  70)  is  reproduced  from 
"The  American  Pioneers,"  edited  and  pub- 
lished by  Great  Uncle  John  Shoebridge  Wil- 
liams, in  Cincinnati,  0.,  in  1843.  There  are 
two  principal  reasons  for  reproducing  this 
cabin.  One  is  to  perpetuate  the  cabin  for  the 
rising   generations   to   know,   as,   no   doubt,   in 


Cut   Xo.  70 — Log  Cabin  of  Samuel  and  John    Slioebridge    Williams,    built    ; 
Glen's    Run,    Belmont    Countv,    O.   (later  called   Parker's  Farm)- 


ing  sticks  across,  and  then  by  pasting  an  old 
nevrspai^er  over  the  hole  and  applying  some 
liog's  lard,  we  had  a  kind  of  glazing  which 
shed  a  most  beautiful  and  mellow  light  across 
the  cabin  when  the  sun  shone  on  it.  All  other 
light  entered  at  the  dooi's,  cracks  and  chimney. 
Our  cabin  was  24x18.  The  west  end  was  occu- 
pied by  two  beds,  the  center  of  each  side  by  a 
door,  and  here  our  symmetry  had  to  stop ;  for 
on  the  side  opposite  the  window,  made  of  clap- 
boards, supported  on  pins  driven  into  the  logs, 
were  our  shelves.     Upon  these  shelves  my  sis- 


geuci-ations  to  come  the  early  pioneer  book 
may  be  lost  and  become  a  thing  of  the  past. 
For  that  reason  alone  it  is  my  duty  and  my 
obligation  to  have  it  reproduced.  The  repro- 
duction of  this  cabin  is  very  dear  to  my  heart, 
more  particularly  because  ray  father,  Robt. 
AVilliams,  son  of  Samuel  Williams,  was  born  in 
this  cabin  in  the  year  1809.  He  was  a  studious 
and  hard  worker,  had  no  advantages  only  from 
his  two  hands,  not  having  learned  a  trade,  but 
working  at  anything  he  could  get  to  work  at, 
sometimes  chopping  Avood,  sometimes   digging 


ROUGH  KUT  SERVICEABLE 


coal,  at  other  tiiiios  workint;-  fdi'  his  noi^hljors. 
He  followed  the  Biblical  advice:  "Whatever 
thine  hand  findeth  to  do,  do  it  Avith  all  thy 
might."  Father  knew  only  industry,  frugality 
and  sobriety,  and  while  he  knew  not  how  to 
aecninulate  wealth,  he  alway.s  knew  enough  to 
make  a  good  living  for  his  family  and  possess 
his  own  home,  no  matter  how  humble  it  may 
liave  been,  and  died  in  his  94th  yeai-,  7th  day, 
an  honored  and  respected  citizen. 

PIONEER    UTENSILS   AND    FURNITURE 

"It  was  none  of  your  new  f angled  pewter 
made  of  lead,  but  the  best  of  London  pewter, 
which  our  father  himself  bought  of  Townsend, 
the  Manufacturer.  These  Avere  the  plates  upon 
which  you  could  hold  your  meat,  so  as  to  cut 
it  without  slipping,  and  without  dulling  your 
knife.  But  alas,  the  days  of  pewter  plates 
and  sharp  dinner  knives  has  passed  away 
never  to  retui'n.  To  return  to  our  internal 
arrangements:  A  ladder  of  5  rounds  occupied 
the  corner  near  the  window.  By  this,  when  we 
got  a  floor  above,  we  could  ascend.  Our  chim- 
ney occupied  most  of  the  East  end.  Pots  and 
kettles  opposite  the  window  under  the  shelves, 
a  gun  on  hooks  over  the  North  door.  Four 
split  bottom  chairs,  three  three-legged  stools, 
and  a  small  SxlO  looking  glass,  sloped  from 
the  wall  over  a  large  towel-and-comb  case. 
These,  with  clumsy  shovel  and  a  pair  of  tongs, 
made  in  Frederick,  with  one  shank  straight, 
as  the  best  manufacturer  of  pinches  and  blood 
blisters,  completed  our  furniture,  except  a 
spinning  wheel  and  such  things  as  were  neces- 
sary to  work  with.  It  was  absolutely  necessary 
to  have  three-legged  stools,  as  four  legs  of  any- 
thing could  not  all  touch  the  floor  at  the  same 
time  on  account  of  tho  uncvoiniess  of  a  punch- 
eon floor. 

"The  completion  of  our  cabin  went  on 
slowly.  The  season  was  inclement.  "We  were 
weak  handed,  and  weak  pocketed,  in  fact, 
laborers  were  not  to  be  had.  We  got  our 
chin\ney  up  breast  high  as  soon  as  we  could, 
and  got  our  cabin  daube'd  as  high  as  the  joists 
outside.  It  never  was  daubed  on  the  inside, 
for  my  sister,  who  was  very  nice,  could  not 
consent  to  'live  right  next  to  the  mud  I'  My 
impression  now  is  that  the  window  was  not 
constructed  until  spring,  for   until  the   sticks 


and  clay  were  put  in  llie  eliiiiini-y  we  could 
possibly  have  no  need  of  a  window,  foi-  tli.- 
flood  of  light  wliich  always  imurcd  into  llie 
cabin  from  the  flrcplace  would  lia\c  extin- 
guished our  papei'  window,  in  the  place  of 
glass,  and  rendered  it  as  useless  as  the  nioon 
at  noonday.  We  got  a  floor  layed  oveiheail 
as  soon  as  possible,  perhaps  in  a  month,  l)ut 
when  it  was  layed  the  reader  will  readily  con- 
ceive of  its  imperviousness  to  wind  and 
A\-ea1lier  ^^  lien  we  mention  that  it  was  layed 
of  loose  eh)])  boards  split  from  a  red  oak,  the 
fitump  of  which  may  be  seen  beyond  the  cabin. 
That  tree  grew  in  the  night  and  so  twisted 
that  each  board  layed  on  two  diagonally  oppo- 
Eite  corners,  and  a  cat  might  have  shaken 
every  board  on  our  ceiling.  It  may  be  well 
to  inform  the  unlearned  reader  that  clap 
boards  are  such  lumber  as  pioneers  split  with 
a  frow,  and  resemble  barrel  staves  before  they 
are  shaved,  hut  are  split  longer,  wider  and 
thinner ;  of  such  our  roof  and  ceiling  were 
composed. 

PIONEER  LUMBER 

"Puncheons  were  planks,  made  by  splitting 
logs  to  about  2i  or  3  inches  in  thickness  and 
hewing  them  on  one  or  both  sides  with  a  In-oad- 
axe.  Of  course,  our  floor,  doors,  tables  and 
stools  were  manufactured.  The  eavebearers 
are  those  end  logs  which  project  over  to  re- 
ceive the  butting  poles  against  which  the  lower 
tier  of  clap  boards  rest  in  forming  the  roof. 
The  trapping  is  the  roof  timbers  composing 
the  gable  end ;  and  the  ribs,  the  ends  of  which 
appear  in  the  drawing,  being  those  logs  upon 
which  the  clap  boards  lay.  The  trap  logs  are 
those  of  unequal  length,  above  the  eavehearers, 
which  form  the  gable  ends  and  upon  which 
the  ril)s  I'est.  The  weight  poles  are  those  small 
logs  layed  on  the  roof,  which  weigh  down  the 
eoui'se  of  clap  boards  on  which  they  lay  and 
against  which  the  next  course  above  is  placed. 
The  knees  are  pieces  of  heart  timber  placed 
above  the  butting  poles  successively  to  prevent 
the  weight  poles  from  rolling  ofl*.  To  many 
of  our  learned  readers  these  explanations  will 
appear  superfluous,  but  the  Pioneer  may  be 
read  by  persons  much  less  enlightened  on  these 
subjects,  and  to  such  these  explanations  may 
be  of  real  service. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


'"It  was  evidently  a  mistake  to  put  oin'  chim- 
ney at  the  lower  end  of  the  house,  for  as  soon 
as  Me  put  the  funnel  on  in  the  spring  we  found 
that  the  back  of  our  breastwork  settled  and 
was  likely  to  topple  our  chimney  down.  This 
we  might  have  remedied  by  a  kind  of  frame- 
work had  we  thought  of  it  and  had  tools  to 
make  it  with.  So  scarce  were  our  tools  that 
our  first  pair  of  bar  posts  were  morticed  by 
pecking  them  on  each  side  with  a  common  axe 
and  then,  blowing  coals  in  the  holes,  we  burned 
them  through  so  as  to  admit  of  the  bars.  But 
I  do  not  think  the  framework  to  support  the 
chinniey  was  thought  of.  To  prop  it  with  a 
pole  first  suggested  itself,  at  the  foot  of  which 
was  a  large  stake.  These  remained  an  incum- 
brance in  the  yard  for  years. 

"There  never  was  any  unmixed  good  or 
unmixed  evil  that  fell  to  the  lot  of  men  in  the 
pi'obationary  state.  So  our  fireplace,  being  at 
the  East  end,  was  much  more  like  our  parlor 
lireplace  in  Carolina ;  and  besides  this,  while 
the  chimney  was  only  breast  high,  we  should 
have  been  bacon  before  Candlemas  had  the 
chimney  been  in  any  other  position  :  but  situ- 
ated as  it  Avas,  and  the  prevailing  winds  that 
blew  inside  of  the  house,  as  Avell  as  outside, 
being  from  west  to  east,  most  of  the  smoke  was 
driven  ofl:  except  occasionally  an  eddy  which 
w^ould  bring  smoke  and  fianie  full  in  our  faces. 
One  change  of  wind  for  a  few  days  made  our 
cabin  almost  uninhabitable.  Here  is  prerjcnted 
an  advantage  of  an  open  house.  Let  the  wind 
be  which  way  it  would,  the  smoke  and  ashes 
could  get  out  without  opening  doors  and  win- 
dows, and  all  that  sort  of  trouble  known  at 
the  present  day  whenever  a  chimney  seems  to 
draw  best  at  the  wrong  end;  besides  this,  a 
little  breeze  would  not,  as  now,  give  \i:;  colds. 

"We  have  heard  that  the  position  in  sleep- 
ing makes  a  material  difference  in  the  sound- 
ness of  it;  but  M'hich  (to  lay  with  the  head 
north  or  soxith)  produces  the  sounder  sleep 
we  have  forgotten.  At  any  rate,  my  brother 
and  I  slept  in  the  southwest  corner  with  our 
heads  to  the  -south,  and  I  remember  well  that 
from  the  time  I  lay  down  until  I  had  to  get 
up  and  go  to  w-ork  only  seemed  about  a  half- 
minute,  if  so  long.  My  mother  and  sister 
nccnpied  the  northM'est   cornei',  but   as  to  the 


soundness  of  their  sleep  I  knew  little,  there 
being  no  complaints.  My  brother  and  I  took 
it  in  the  healthy  open  air,  while  my  mother 
and  sister  still  had  a  partiality  for  old  fashions 
and  hung  some  kind  of  curtains  on  sticks  sus- 
pended by  strings  over  the  joists.  The  cur- 
tains were  very  likely  partly,  if  not  wholly,  of 
good  old  furniture  check,  which,  with  many 
other  relics  of  times  gone  by,  were  treasured 
by  the  family. 

PIONEER    BED    CLOTHES 

"There  arc  two  modes  of  keeping  warm. 
One  is  to  clothe  thin,  lie  on  straw  or  leaves, 
and  let  the  heart  and  lungs  be  active  to  keep 
up  the  heat.  The  other,  and  at  present  the 
most  fashionable  one,  is  to  clothe  very  Avarm, 
lie  on  feather  beds  and  let  the  heart  and  lungs 
become  lazy  and  of  little  account.  The  former 
was  our  plan,  especially  that  of  myself  and 
brother,  perhaps  not  so  much  from  the  choice 
of  sound  philosophy  as  from  other  circum- 
stances. We  soon  found,  however,  that  to 
make  rag  carpeting,  such  as  sometimes  covers 
kitchen  floors  now,  and  to  sew  two  breadths 
of  proper  length  together,  was  a  good  substi- 
tute for  blankets,  especially  if  there  could  be 
heic  and  there  a  rag  of  red  fiannel,  even  if  the 
rest  wei-e  tow  linen  rags.  These  cadders  (for 
so  ^ve  called  them)  were  of  great  help  in  bed. 
not  so  much  from  any  warming  qualities  they 
possessed  in^  them-elves  as  from  their  great 
ability  to  ]5ress  a  sheet  or  blanket  close,  if  we 
had  any  under  them;  -and  also  by  their  gravi- 
tating propensities  they  very  materially  aided 
tl'.e  imagination  in  coming  to  the  conclusion 
that  we  were  well  covered.  We  would  look 
npon  our  new  cadder,  when  we  were  so.  fortu- 
nate as  to  get  one,  and  especially  if  there  were 
red  stripes  in  it,  with  the  same  feeling  of 
delight  as  a  modern  belle  does  upon  her  new 
Brussels  carpet  and  piano. 

"I  had  another  source  of  comfort  in  ccld 
wcathei',  which  I  \v\vit  I  never  shall  forget. 
My  good  old  mothei-  (God  bless  her)  never 
went  to  bed  in  winter  without  seeing  that  the 
cadder  was  tucked  close  to  the  back  and  feet 
of  her  John;  nor  would  she  suffer  him  to  go 
out  in  cold  weather  without  his  .jacket.  This, 
I  sometimes  thought,  was  rather  officious  in- 
terference  on   hei'   part,   but   like   other   giddy 


pi()np:er  comforts  of  life 


cliildi-en,  I  did  not  know,  oi'  rather  I  did  not 
care,  properly  to  appreciate  her  kindness.  If 
T  had  taken  a  cold  or  liad  been  exposed  un- 
usually she  would  see  that  my  feet  were  soaked 
in  warm  water  and  that  I  had  a  hearty  drink 
of  warm  pennyroyal  tea  before  going  to  bed. 
The  simple  remedies  of  some  of  the  pioneer 
women  may  be  pitted  against  the  shops  of  the 
druggists  for  simple  and  effective  cures,  and 
if  their  prescriptions  wei'e  not  as  fashionable 
find  costly  as  medicinal  ones  now,  they  some- 
limes  did  much  less  harm. 

A   PIONEER  LIBRARY 

"The  evenings  of  the  first  winter  did  not 
pnss  off  as  pleasantly  as  evenings  afterward. 
We  had  raised  no  tobacco  to  stem  and  twist, 
nc  corn  to  shell,  no  turnips  to  scrape;  we  had 
no  tow  to  spin  into  rope  yarn  nor  straw  to  plait 
for  hats,  and  we  had  come  so  late  we  could  get 
but  few  walnuts  to  crack.  We  had,  however, 
the  Bible,  George  Fox's  Journal,  Barkely's 
Apolog.y,  and  a  number  of  books,  all  better 
than  much  of  the  fashionable  reading  of  the 
present  da.v,  from  which,  after  reading,  the 
reader  finds  he  has  gained  nothing,  while  his 
understanding  has  been  made  the  dupe  of  the 
writers'  fancy,  that  while  reading  he  had  given 
himself  up  to  be  led  in  mazes  of  fictitious  imag- 
ination and  lost  his  taste  for  solid  reading,  as 
frothy  luxuries  destro.y  the  appetite  for  whole- 
some food.  To  our  stock  of  books  were  soon 
after  added  a  borrowed  copy  of  the  Pilgi-im's 
Progress,  which  we  read  twice  through  with- 
out stopping.  The  fir.st  winter  our  living  was 
truly  scanty  and  hard,  but  even  this  winter 
had  its  felicities.  We  had  part  of  a  barrel  of 
flour  which  Ave  had  brought  from  Frederick- 
town.  Besides  this  we  had  part  of  a  jar  of 
hog's  lard  brought  from  old  Carolina;  not  the 
tasteless  stuff  which  now  goes  by  that  name, 
but. pure  leaf  lard,  taken  from  hogs  raised  on 
pine  roots  and  fattened  on  sweet  potatoes  and 
into  which,  -while  rendering,  were  immersed 
the  boughs  of  the  fragrant  ba.y  tree  that  im- 
parted to  the  lard  a  rich  flavor.  Of  that  flour, 
shortened  with  this  lard,  my  sister  every  Sun- 
da.v  morning,  and  at  no  other  time,  made  short 
biscuit  for  breakfast — not  these  greas.v,  gum- 
olastic  biscuit  we  mostly  meet  with  now,  rolled 
out   with   a  pin   or  cut   out   with   a   cutter;   or 


those  that  arc,  perhaps,  speckled  by  or  puffed 
up  with  refined  lye  called  salaeratus,  but  made 
out,  one  by  one,  in  her  fail-  hands,  placed  in 
neat  juxtaposition  in  a  skillet  or  spider, 
pricked  with  a  fork  to  prevent  blistering  and 
baked  before  an  open  fire,  not  half  baked  and 
half  stewed  in  a  cooking  stove.  If  all  the 
pleasures  and  happiness  imparted  to  the  inhab- 
itants of  Cincinnati  for  one  week,  by  all  the 
ice  creams  and  other  nicknaeks,  could  be  ac- 
cumulated in  the  mind  of  one  individual,  I 
conceive  it  would  hardly  e(|ual  what  I  felt 
between  the  time  the  process  of  making  them 
began  in  the  house  and  the  process  of  digesting 
them  ended  in  my  stomach. 

MY    SISTER    ELIZABETH'S    bIsCUITS 

"I  do  not  believe  that  bankers,  brokers  and 
misers  could,  from  the  sight  of  gold,  experi- 
ence such  feelings  of  delight  as  I  felt  at  the 
sight  of  the  first  skillet  full,  piled  on  a  plate 
by  the  fire  awaiting  the  cooking  of  the  second. 
To  attempt  to  describe  the  felicity  of  eating 
these  breakfasts  is  useless,  when  I  cannot  con- 
vey even  a  tolerable  idea  of  the  happiness  of 
anticipation.  Those  bi-eakfasts  made  the  Sab- 
bath doubly  dear  and  kept  us  in  good  humor 
all  the  week,  thinking  of  the  past,  and  antici- 
pating the  future.  If  there  is  any  way  to  enjoy 
that  da.v  that  excels  all  others,  of  a  temporal 
nature,  it  is  to  reserve  all  the  good  things  to 
be  enjoyed  in  it,  and  in  idea  to  be  associated 
with  it.  and  for  which  we  thank  the  Giver  of 
all  good  things.  The  relish  of  these  biscuits 
was  that  of  real  temperance  in  the  use  of  food. 

AMIDST    THE   FOREST   PRIMEVAL 

The  reader  is  not  to  suppose  from  anything  we 
say  that  a  log  cabin  life  in  the  woods  produces 
unallo.ved  happiness.  This  is  not  to  be  found 
in  a  palace  in  a  crowded  city,  log  cabin,  nor  yet 
in  a  Fourier  association.  Everv  advantage 
seems  to  bring  with  it  a  disadvantage,  to  give 
it  a  relish  by  contrast.  In  the  ordering  of  a 
good  Providence,  the  winter  was  open  but 
windy.  While  the  wind  was  of  great  use  in 
driving  the  smoke  and  ashes  out  of  our  cabin, 
it  shook  terribly  the  timber  standing  almost 
over  us.  We  were  sometimes  much  and  need- 
lessly alarmed.  We  had  never  seen  a  danger- 
ous looking  tree  near  a  dwelling,  but  here  we 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Avere  surrounded  by  the  tall  giants  of  the 
forest,  waving  their  boughs  and  uniting  their 
brows  over  us,  as  if  in  defiance  of  our  disturb- 
ing their  repose  and  usurping  their  long  and 
uneoutested  pre-emption  rights.  The  beech  on 
the  left  often  shook  his  bushy  head  over  us 
as  if  in  absolute  disapprobation  of  our  settling 
there,  threatening  to  crush  us  if  wc  did  not 
pack  up  and  start.  The  walnut  over  the  spring 
branch  stood  high  and  straight ;  no  one  could 
tell  which  way  it  inclined,  but  all  concluded 
that  if  it  had  a  preference  it  was  in  favor  of 
<uiarteri]ig  on  our  cabin.  We  got  assistance 
to  cut  it  down.  The  axeman  doubted  his  abil- 
ity to  control  its  direction,  by  reason  that  he 
riiust  necessarily  cut  it  almost  off  before  it 
vrould  fall.  He  thought  by  felling  the  tree  in 
the  direction  of  the  reader,  along  near  the 
chimney,  and  thus  favor  the  little  lean  it 
seemed  to  have,  would  be  the  means  of  saving 
the  cabin.  He  was  sviccessful.  Part  of  the 
stump  still  stands.  These,  and  all  other  dan- 
gerous trees,  were  got  down  witiiout  other 
damage  than  many  frights  and  fre(|uent  de- 
sertions of  the  pi'cmises  by  the  family,  while 
the  trees  were  being  cut.  The  ash  beyond  the 
house  crossed  the  scarf  and  fell  on  the  cabin 
b;:t  without  damage.     We  visited  the  premises 

FOETY-TWO  YEARS  LATER 

in  August,  1842,  to  take  a  sketch  and  found  it, 
as  well  as  the  country  around,  amazingly  al- 
tered. In  place  of  the  towering  beech  on  the 
left  stands  a  fine  brick  house,  owned  and 
occupied  by  Jose])h  Parker.  Instead  of  a  view 
confined  to  a  few  rods  by  a  dense  forest  the 
tops  of  ridges  and  knobs  may  now  be  seen 
for  miles,  resembling  a  slanting  view  across 
a  nest  of  eggs.  Not  one  of  the  trees  in  the 
drawing  now  remain.  Well  do  I  remember 
the  rude  figure  of  a  man  which  I  cut  on  the 
beech  to  the  left  of,  and  in  the  distance  beyond 
the  walnut,  as  well  as  the  stormy  night  and 
the  tremendous  clap  of  thunder  that  shivered 
the  ash,  seen  a  little  more  to  the  left.  The 
black  locust,  also,  that  is  seen  beyond  the  cabin 
leaning  to  the  left  is  remembered.  It  was  con- 
sidered to  be  a  valuable  tree  and  was  allowed 
to  stand  after  other  trees  were  cut.  Oft  have 
I  looked  at  its  slim  body  and  proportionably 
towering  height.    At  length  fire  got  around  it, 


and  as  is  the  ca:e  with  every  hypocrite  under 
persecution,  being  rotten-hearted,  it  burned 
down.  I  measured  its  length ;  it  was  just  ninety 
feet,  and  to  tliis  day  in  estimating  heights,  I 
refer  to  the  appearance  of  that  locust  and  a 
stump  of  eighty  feet  which  was  also  measured. 

"The  little  hickory  between  the  house  and 
spring  was  a  mere  hoop  pole  and  we  saved  it. 
It  grew  very  thriftily,  and  the  last  time  I  saw 
it  the  finest  shellbarks  graced  its  top ;  but  like 
many  other  things,  it  had  but  a  short  life  after 
a  promising  youthfulness.  It,  too,  is  gone  as 
well  as  the  white  walnut  which  stood  over  the 
spring,  and  the  sprout  0]i  Avhich  the  spring 
goui'd  was  wont  to  hang.  But  the  fine,  the 
clear,  the  gushing  fountain  of  cold  limestone 
water  is  still  there  in  the  same  shallow  depres- 
sion, and  there  its  health-giving  stream  will 
I'emain  and  run  long  after  Miller  and  his 
theory  of  the  end  of  time  happening  thi,  year 
uill  both  be  consigned  to  oblivion. 

VOICES  OF  THE  NIGHT 

"'l"he  iiuinotojiy  of  the  time  for  several  of 
the  fii-st  years  was  broken  and  enlivened  by 
tlie  li(n\l  cf  wild  beasts.  The  wolves  howling 
ai-ound  us  seemed  to  moan  their  inability  to 
drive  us  from  their  long  and  undisputed  do- 
main. The  bears,  panthers  and  deer  seemingly 
got  miffed  at  our  approach  or  the  partiality 
of  tiie  hunters,  and  but  seldom  troubled  us. 
We  did  not  hunt  foj'  them.  The  wildcat,  rac- 
coon, possum,  hornet,  yellow-jacket  rattle- 
snake, copperhead,  nettle  and  a  host  of  small 
things  M'hich  seemed  in  part  to  balance  the 
amount  of  pioneer  happiness,  held  on  to  their 
rights  until  driven  out  gradually  by  the  united 
efforts  of  the  pioneers,  who,  like  a  band  of 
brothers,  mutuallj-  aided  each  other  in  the 
great  work.  These  things,  as  well  as  getting 
their  bread,  kept  them  too  busy  for  lawsuits, 
crinu's  and  speculations  and  nmde  them  happy. 

OUR  DAILY  BREAD 
"One  bag  of  meal  would  make  a  Mhole 
family  rejoicingly  happy  and  thankful  then, 
when  a  loaded  East  Indianman  will  fail  to  do 
it  now,  and  is  passed  olf  as  a  common  business 
ti'ansaetion  without  ever  once  thinking  of  the 
Giver,  so  independent  have  we  become  in  the 
short   space   of  forty   years.     Having   got   out 


A  PIONEER'S   PHILOSOPHY 


of  the  wilderness  in  less  time  than  the  chil- 
dren of  Israel,  we  seem  to  he  even  more 
forgetful   and  unthankful  than  they. 

"When  spi'ing'  was  fully  come,  and  our  little 
patch  of  corn  (three  aci-es)  put  in  among  the 
beeeh  roots,  which  at  eveiy  step  contended 
with  the  shovel  and  plough  for  the  right  of 
soil,  ynd  held  it,  too,  we  enlarged  our  stock  of 
conveniences.  As  soon  as  bark  would  run 
(peel  off)  we  could  make  ropes  and  bark 
boxes.  These  we  stood  in  great  need  of,  as 
such  things  as  bureaus,  stands,  wardrobes,  or 
even  barrels,  were  not  to  be  had.  The  manner 
of  making  ropes  of  linnbark  was  to  cut  the 
hark  in  strips  of  convenient  length  and  water- 
rot  it  in  the  same  manner  as  rotting  flax  hemp. 

PIONEER   ROPE   AM)   ORNAilEXTS 

When  tins  was  done,  the  inside  bark  v/onld 
peel  olf  p.nd  split  up  so  tine  as  to  make  a  pretty 
considerably  rough  and  good-for-but-little 
kind  of  a  rope.  Of  this,  however,  we  were  vei'y 
glad,  and  let  no  shipowner  with  his  grass  ropes 
laugh  at  us.  We  made  two  kinds  of  boxes  for 
furniture ;  one  kind  was  of  hickory  bark  with 
the  outside  shaved  off.  This  we  would  take 
off  all  around  the  tree,  the  size  of  which  would 
determine  the  caliber  of  our  box.  In  the  one 
end  we  would  place  a  flat  piece  of  bark  or 
puncheon,  cut  roiuid  to  fit  in  the  bark,  which 
stood  on  end,  the  same  as  when  on  the  tree. 
There  was  little  need  of  hooping,  as  the 
strength  of  the  bark  would  keep  that  all  right 
enough.  Its  shrinkage  would  make  the  top 
unsightly  in  a  parlor  nowadays,  but  then  they 
were  considered  quite  an  addition  to  the  fur- 
niture. A  much  finer  article  was  made  of  slip- 
pei'v  elm  bark,  shaved  smooth  and  with  the 
inside  out,  bent  round  and  sewed  together 
wliere  the  ends  of  the  hoop  or  main  bark 
lapped  over.  The  length  of  the  bark  was 
around  the  box  and  inside  out.  A  bottom  was 
made  of  a  piece  of  the  same  bark  dried  flat, 
and  a  lid  like  that  of  a  common  band  box  made 
in  the  same  way.  This  was  the  finest  furniture 
in  a  lady 's  dressing  room ;  and  then,  as  now 
with  the  finest  furniture,  the  lap  or  sewed  side 
was  turned  to  the  wall  and  the  prettiest  part 
to  the  spectator.  They  were  usually  made 
oval,  and  Avhile  the  bark  was  green  it  was 
easily    ornamented    with    drawings    of    birds, 


ti'ees,  etc.,  agreeably  to  the  taste  and  skill  of 
the  fail'  manufacturer.  As  we  belonged  to  the 
Society  of  Friends,  it  may  be  fairly  presumed 
that  ou)'  band  boxes  were  not  thus  ornamented. 
Many  a  sly  glance  M'ould  be  cast  at  the  new 
band  boxes,  and  it  is  hoped  that  no  modern 
belle  will  laugh,  because  a  pioneer  Mi.ss  might 
be  proud  of  her  new  band  box.  For  it  is  just 
as  easy  to  be  pi'oud  of  such  things,  and  as 
much  sin.  too.  as  to  be  pi'Oud  of  a  new  dressing 
table,  glass,  etc. 

"On  the  other  hand,  it  is  (|uite  as  easy  to 
be  happy,  and  easier  to  be  properly  thankful, 
for  the  small  favors  in  the  woods  than  it  is 
now  for  a  pampered  Miss  to  be  happy  with, 
or  thankful  for,  all  the  finery  of  her  toilet. 
The  amount  of  happiness  received  or  acknowl- 
edgment to  the  Giver  is  by  no  means  regulated 
by  the  appearance  or  cost  of  the  article. 

"To  the  above  store  of  bark  ropes  and  bark 
boxes  nmst  be  added  a  few  gums  before  the 
farmer  considered  himself  comfortably  fixed. 
It  may  be  well  to  inform  the  unlearned  reader 
that  gums  are  hollow  trees  cut  off,  with 
puncheons  pinned  on  oi'  fitted  in  one  end,  to 
answer  in  the  place  of  barrels. 

CHARACTER  DEVELOPED  BY  HARDSHIP 

"The  privations  of  a  Pioneer  life  contract 
the  wants  of  man  almost  to  total  extinction 
and  allow  him  means  of  charity  and  benevo- 
lence. Sufferings  ennoble  his  feelings,  and  the 
frequent  necessity  for  united  effort  at  house 
raisings,  log  rollings,  corn  huskings.  etc..  pro- 
duced in  him  habitual  charity,  almost  unknown 
in  these  days  of  luxury,  among  the  many 
tyrannical  wants  of  artificial  tastes  and  vi- 
tiated appetites.  We  have  now  but  little  time 
left  to  think  of  good,  and  still  less  to  appreci- 
ate it.  Our  system  of  action  now  seems  to  be 
a  general  scramble  for  the  spoil.  From  the 
reverend  divine  who  looks  upon  the  fatness  of 
his  salary  as  being  the  good  of  his  profession, 
down  through  all  the  grades  of  speculators, 
swindlers  and  jockeys,  whose  maxim  is  'their 
eyes  is  their  market,'  the  leading  principles 
are  near  akin,  if  not  the  very  same.  Most,  if 
not  all,  of  these,  if  it  were  not  for  public  opin- 
ion, Avould  cheat  their  dim-sighted  mothers  out 
of  their  good  spectacles  by  giving  them  empty 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


frames  in  trading  and  then  brag  of  their  skill 
in  cheating'.  There  are  many  honorable  excep- 
tions to  the  too  prevalent  system  of  grabbing. 

"That  system  reminds  ns  of  the  scramble 
which  went  on  for  years  among  the  squirrels, 
raccoons  and  groundhogs  for  our  corn  crops, 
and  frequently  they  left  us  little  except  the 
husks,  and  our  path  around  the  tield  made  in 
our  own  defense. 

GP^TTING    OUT    OF    THE    WOODS 

■'We  settled  on  beech  land,  which  took  much 
labor  to  clear.  We  could  do  no  better  than 
clear  out  the  smaller  stuff  and  burn  the  brush, 
etc.,  around  the  beeches  which  in  spite  of  all 
the  girdling  and  burning  we  could  do  to  them 
would  leaf  out  the  first  year  and  often  a  little 
the  second.  The  land,  however,  was  very  rich 
and  would  bring  better  corn  than  might  be 
expected.  We  had  to  tend  it  principally  M'ith 
a  hoe-that  is,  to  chop  down  the  nettles,  the 
water  weed  and  the  touch-me-not  grass ;  car- 
less  lamb's  quarters  and  Spanish  needles  were 
reserved  to  pester  the  better  prepared  farmei-. 
AVe  cleared  a  small  turnip  patch,  which  we 
got  in  about  the  tenth  of  August.  We  sowed 
in  timothy  seed,  which  took  well  the  next  year. 
We  had  a  little  hay;  liesides,  the  tops  and 
blades  of  the  corn  were  also  carefully  saved 
for  our  horses,  cows  and  the  two  sheep.  The 
turnips  were  sweet  and  good,  and  in  the  fall 
we  took  care  to  gather  walnuts  and  hickory 
nuts  which  were  very  abundant.  These  with 
the  turnips  which  we  scraped  supplied  the 
place  of  fruit.  I  have  always  been  partial  to 
scraped  turnips,  and  now  could  beat  any  three 
dandies  at  scraping  them.  Johnny-cake  also 
when  we  had  meal  to  make  it  of,  helped  to 
make  up  our  evening's  repast.  The  Sunday 
morning  biscuit  had  all  evapoi'ated,  but  the 
loss  was  partially  supplied  by  the  nut;  and 
turnips.  Our  regular  supper  was  mush  and 
milk,  and  by  the  time  we  had  shelled  our  corn, 
stemmed  tobacco  and  plaited  straw  to  make 
hats,  etc.,  the  mush  and  milk  had  seemingly 
deeampered  from  the  neighborhood  of  our 
ribs. 

THE  PIONEER  "S  STAND-BY 

"To  relieve  this  difficulty,  my  brother  and 
I    would    bake    a    thin    Johnny-cake,    part    of 


which  we  would  eat  and  leave  the  rest  until 
morning.  At  daylight  wc  would  eat  the  bal- 
ance as  we  walked  from  the  house  to  work. 
The  methods  of  eating  mush  and  milk  were 
various.  Some  would  sit  around  the  pot  and 
everyone  take  therefrom  himself.  Some  would 
set  a  table  and  each  have  his  tineup  of  milk, 
and  with  a  pewter  spoon  take  just  as  much 
mush  from  Ihe  dish  or  the  pot  as  if  it  was  on  the 
table,  as  he  thought  would  fill  his  mouth  or 
throat;  then  lowering  it  into  the  milk  would 
take  some  to  wash  it  down.  This  method  kept 
the  milk  cool,  and  by  frequent  repetitions  the 
pioneer  would  contract  a  faculty  of  correctly 
estimati]ig  the  proper  amount  of  each.  Others 
would  nux  mush  and  milk  together.  Many  an 
urchin  who  was  wont  to  hit  his  little  brother  or 
sister  with  a  spoon  in  (juari'el  around  the  mush 
pot  on  the  floor,  in  aftei'  life  learned  to  quarrel 
on  the  floor  of  Congress,  or  to  exchange  shots 
on  M'hat  is  sometimes  called  'the  field  of 
honor. '  So  quick,  if  not  magical,  has  been  the 
transition  of  this  counti-y.  To  get  grinding 
done  was  often  a  great  difficulty  by  reason  of 
the  scarcity  of  mills,  the  freezes  in  winter  and 
droughts  in  summer.  We  had  often  to  manvi- 
facture  meal  (when  we  had  corn)  any  way  we 
could  get  the  corn  to  pieces.  We  soaked  and 
pounded  it,  we  shaved  it,  we  planed  it,  and  at 
the  proper  season  grated  it. 

"When  one  of  our  neighbors  got  a  hand 
mill  it  was  thought  (juite  an  acquisition  to  the 
ncighborhocd;  no  need  then  of  steam  doctors. 
We  could  take  hand  mill  sweats  of  our  own 
when  we  pleased,  nor  of  homeopaths,  for  our 
stomachs  needed  larger  doses;  nor  of  the  pro- 
fessional physicians,  for  Avhite  walnut  bai'k 
boiled  and  the  decoction  stewed  down  was  the 
fashionable  medicine  used  by  those  unfashion- 
able ones  who  chanced  to  have  a  qualm.  As 
for  d.yspepsia  and  the  like,  saw  mills  might  as 
well  be  suspected  of  having  it.  In  after  years, 
when  in  time  of  freezing  or  drought  we  could 
get  grinding  by  waiting  for  our  turn  no  more 
than  one  day  and  a  night  at  a  horse  mill,  wc 
thought  ourselves  happy. 

''To  save  meal  M'e  often  made  pumpkin 
bread.  When  meal  was  scarce,  the  pumpkin 
would  so  predominate  a;  to  render  it  next  to 
impossible  to  tell  our  bread  from  that  article 


A  pionp:er's  evenings 


oither  by  taste, looks  or  the  ainount  of  imti'iiiicnt 
it  contained.  To  rise  from  the  table  with  a  good 
appetite  is  said  to  be  healthy,  and  with  some 
is  said  to  be  fashionable.  "What  then  does  it 
signify  to  be  hungiy  for  a  month  at  a  time 
when  it  is  not  only  healthy  but  fashionable  ? 
Beside  all  this,  the  sight  of  a  bag  of  meal  when 
it  was  scarce  made  the  family  feel  more  glad 
and  thankful  to  Heaven  than  a  whole  boat- 
load would  at  the  present  time. 

"Salt  was  $5.00  per  bushel,  and  we  used 
none  in  our  corn  bread,  which  we  soon  liked 
as  well  without  it.  Often  has  sweat  ran  into 
my  mouth  which  tasted  as  fresh  and  flat  as 
distilled  water.  What  meat  we  had  at  nrst 
was  fresh,  and  but  little  of  that ;  for  had  we 
been  hunters   we  had  no   time   to   practice   it. 

LIGHT    FOR    WINTER    EVENINGS 

VVc  had  no  candles  and  cai-ed  but  little  about 
them  except  for  summer  use.  In  Carolina  wc 
had  the  real  fat  light  wood,  not  merely  pine 
knots,  but  the  fat,  straight  pine.  This,  from 
the  brilliancy  of  our  parlor  on  winter  evenings, 
might  be  supposed  to  put,  not  only  candles, 
lamps,  camphine,  Grcenough's  chemical  oil, 
but  even  gas  itself  to  blush.  In  the  west  we 
had  not  this,  but  my  business  was  to  ramble 
the  woods  every  evening  for  season  sticks  or 
the  bark  of  the  shelly  hickory  for  light. 

"  'Tis  true  that  our  light  was  not  even  as 
good  as  candles,  but  we  got  along  without 
fretting,  for  M'e  depended  more  upon  the  good- 
ness of  our  eyes  than  we  did  upon  the  bril- 
liancy of  the  light.  At  that  day  none  but  the 
aged  wore  glasses.  My  mother  said  she  in- 
jured her  eyes  by  the  early  use  of  them.  Such 
a  thing  as  a  young  dandy  of  either  sex  peering 
throiigh  gold  frame  concaves  till  their  eyes 
push  out  like  the  lumps  on  calves'  heads  before 
the  horns  appear  was  not  known.  The  moi-o 
concaves  are  indulged  in  the  more  the  eyes  will 
push  out,  for  the  shape  of  the  eye  will  accom- 
modate itself  to  the  lens.  The  use  of  glasses 
either  concave  or  convex  nine  times  in  ten 
injure  both  eyes  and  the  sight,  and  is  a  species 
of  intemperance.  If  you  physic  for  eveiy  com- 
plaint you  will  soon  lose  your  health.  If  you 
never  exercise  your  muscles  to  fatigue  they 
will  soon  become  weak;  so  with  the  eye.     Be 


idra\d  of  fiitiguiiig  it,  aid  it  with  glasses  so  as 
never  to  [/ut  its  power  to  test,  an<l  it  will 
soon  be  useless  without  them.  I  am  now  in 
my  54th  year  and  have  never  used  a  glass  and 
never  shall  unless  aeeideiit  or  disease  should 
act  upon  my  eyes.  I  w  rile  and  read  no  little. 
My  wife  had  so  indulged  her  eyes  by  the  use 
of  glasses  as  five  years  ago  to  require  those 
of  16-inch  focus.  My  remonstrance  became 
strong,  and  she  consented  to  follow  ray  direc- 
tions. The  conse(iuence  is  that  she  has  not 
used  a  glass  for  four  years,  although  she  sews, 
reads,  threads  her  needle  and  often  by  candle 
light.  Who  would  not  prefer  to  be  a  Pioneer 
and  enjoy  all  his  sources  of  happiness  than  to 
be  a  slave  of  fashion  or  indolence  and  suffer 
heat,  cold  and  disease  to  serve  it? 

WORK  FOR   WINTER  EVENINGS 

"One  of  my  employments  in  winter  even- 
ings, after  we  raised  tlax,  Avas  the  spinning  of 
rope  yarn  from  the  coarsest  swingling  tow  to 
make  bed  cords  for  sale.  Swingling  tow  is  a 
corruption  of  singling  tow,  as  swingle  tree  is 
of  single  tree.  The  manner  of  spinning  rope 
yarn  was  by  means  of  a  drum,  which  turned 
on  a  horizontal  shaft,  driven  into  a  hole  in  one 
of  the  cabin  logs  near  the  fire.  The  yarn  was 
hitched  to  a  nail  on  one  side  of  the  circum- 
ference next  to  me.  By  taking  an  oblifjue 
direction  and  keeping  up  a  regular  jerking  or 
pulling  of  the  threads  the  drum  was  kept  in 
constant  motion,  and  thus  the  twisting  and 
pulling  out  went  on  regularly  and  simultan- 
eously until  the  length  of  the  walk  was  taken 
up.  Then  by  winding  the  yarn  tirst  on  my 
forearm  and  from  that  on  the  drum  I  was 
ready  to  spin  another  thread.  A  late  improve- 
ment of  this  kind  of  Pioneer  spinning  is  called 
political  wire-  working,  and  had  I  kept  pace 
with  the  improvements  of  the  age  I  might  at 
present  have  been  a  most  expert  political  dem- 
agogue of  wealth  and  influence. 

"The  \inl earned  reader  might  inquire  what 
we  did  with  the  finer  kinds  of  tow.  It  is  well 
enough  to  apprize  him  that  next  to  rope  yarn 
in  fineness  was  filling  for  trousers  and  aprons; 
next  finer,  warp  for  the  same  and  filling  for 
shirts  and  frocks;  next  finer,  of  tow  thread, 
warp  for  shirts  and  frocks,  unless  some  of  the 
higher  grades  of  society  would  use  flax  thread. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Linen  shirts,  especially  seven  hundred,  Ava§ 
counted  the  very  toiJ  of  the  pot,  aud  the  one 
wbft-  wore  an  eight  hundred  linen  shirt  was 
counted  a  dandy.  He  was  not  called  a  dandy, 
for  the  word  was  unknown,  as  well  as  the 
refined  animal  which  bears  that  name.  Pion- 
eers found  it  to  their  advantage  to  wear  tow 
linen  and  eat  skim  milk  and  sell  their  flax, 
linen  and  butter. 

PIONEER   CLOTIIINfi 

"Frocks  were  a  short  kind  of  shirt  worii 
over  the  trousei's.  We  saved  our  shirts  by 
pulling  them  off  in  warm  weather  and  wearing 
nothing  in  the  daytime  but  our  hats  made  of 
straw,  our  -frocks  and  our  trousers.  It  will 
be  thus  perceived  that  these  things  took  place 
before  the  days  of  suspenders,  when  every- 
one's trousers  lacked  about  two  inches  of 
reaching  up  to  where  the  waistcoat  reached 
down.  It  was  counted  no  extraordinary  sight, 
and  no  matter  of  merriment,  to  see  the  shirt 
work  out  over  all  the  waistband  two  or  three 
inches  and  hang  in  a  graceful  festoon  around 
the  waist.  Suspenders  soon  became  a  part  of 
the  clothing,  and  were  a  real  improvement  in 
dress.  Not  so  with  the  underfoot  strap  of  the 
dandy,  the  upward  strain  of  which,  together 
with  the  ascentional  power  of  vanity  in  the 
walking  balloon,  seems  nearly  to  lift  him  from 
the  ground. 

"The  girls  had  forms  without  bustles,  and 
rosy  cheeks  without  paint.  Those  who  are 
thin,  lean  and  colorless  from  being  slaves  to 
idleness  or  fashion  are,  to  some  extent,  ex- 
cusable for  endeavoring  to  be  artificially  what 
the  pioneer  girls  were  naturally ;  who,  had 
they  needed  lacing,  might  have  used  tow 
strings,  and,  if  bran  were  U3ed  for  bustles, 
might  have  curtailed  their  suppers.  Those 
circumstances  which  frequently  occasioned  the 
bran  to  be  eaten  after  the  flour  was  gone  laced 
tight  enough  without  silk  cord  or  bone-sets, 
and  prevented  that  state  of  things  which  some- 
times makes  it  necessary  to  eat  both  flour  and 
bran  together  as  medicine,  and  requires  bran 
or  straw  outside  to  make  the  shape  respect- 
able. 

SAVING   SHOE   LEATHER 

"Not  only  about  the  farm,  but  also  to  meet- 
ing,   the   younger   part    of  families,    and   even 


men.  went  bai-efoot  in  summer.  The  young 
women  carried  their  shoes  and  stockings,  if 
they  had  them,  in  their  hands  until  they  got 
in  sight  of  the  meeting  house,  where,  sitting  on 
a  log,  they  shod  themselves  for  meeting ;  and 
at  the  same  place,  after  meeting,  they  unshod 
themselves  for  a  walk  home,  perhaps  one  or 
two  miles.  Whether  shoes,  stockings  or  even 
bonnets  were  to  be  had  or  not,  meeting  must 
be  attended.  Let  those  who  cannot  attend 
church  without  a  new  bonnet,  who  cannot  go 
Lwo  or  three  squares  because  it  is  so  cold,  or 
CO  rainy,  or  so  sunny,  net  laugh  at  the  zeal  of 
those  pioneers  for  religion.  Religion  barefoot 
is  as  acceptable  as  religion  shod,  and  as  easily 
come  at,  too.  If  those  barefoot  girls  could  not 
knit  as  fine  lace  they  could  knit  better  stock- 
ings. If  they  could  not  cut  as  fine  figures  in 
dance,  they  could  make  healthier  mothers  and 
housewives ;  and  if  they  could  not  make  as  fine 
music,  they  could  sing  lullaby  to  much  better 
effect.  It  is  to  be  noted  that  among  the  pion- 
eers all  was  neither  goodness  "nor  happiness. 
It  was  as  easy  to  go  to  church  for  fashion's 
pake,  or  to  see  and  be  seen,  then  as  now;  in 
fact,  the  ways  of  Heaven  are  equal,  but  man 
very  uneiinally  acts  the  part  on  earth. 

EDIBLES   FOR    WINTER   EVENINGS 

"Turnips,  walnuts  and  hickory  nuts  sup- 
plied the  place  of  fruit  till  peaches  were 
raised.  In  five  or  six  years  we  sometimes  went 
to  Martin's  Ferry  on  the  Ohio  to  pick  peaches 
for  the  owner,  who  had  them  distilled.  We 
[40t  a  bushel  of  apples  for  each  day's  work  in 
picking  peaches.  These  were  kept  for  partic- 
ular eating,  as  if  they  had  contained  seeds  of 
gold.  Their  extreme  scarcity  made  them  seem 
valuable  and  stand  next  to  the  short  biscuit 
that  were  so  valued  in  times  gone  by.  Paw- 
paws were  eaten  in  their  season.  When  we 
got  an  abundance  of  apples  they  seemed  to 
lose  their  flavor  and  relish.  It  is  the  same  with 
everything  but  heaven  and  virtue,  which  never 
fail,  but  greatly  increase  in  relish  with  their 
abundance  and  stand  in  direct  contact  with  all 
Kubliinary  good. 

DOMESTIC  ANIMALS 

"Mrs.  Leaf  gave  me  a  beautiful  white,  black 
and  yellow  kitten,  which  made  the  best  squir- 


RICHARD  WILLIAMS'  SCHOOL 


rel  cntc'her  in  the  country,  ilicc  and  rats 
thei'e  wci'c  none.  She  was  worth  iiioiu'y  and 
lived  fifteen  years.  We  bought  a  heifer  in 
the  same  Fall  of  18C0,  which  made  us  a  fine 
cow;  she  lived  about  as  long  as  the  cat.  Pas- 
turage was  abundant  in  summer,  being  com- 
posed mostly  of  nettles,  waist  high,  which 
made  us  fine  greens,  and  thus  sei'vcd  foi'  both 
the  cow  and  her  owner,  and  yet,  lil<e  every- 
thing else  on  earth,  seemed  to  balance  the 
account  by  stinging  us  at  every  turn.  Even 
the  good  pasturage  of  this  new  country,  con- 
fddered  as  a  pastur(\  had  its  lialan^-ing  pi-op- 
erties,  for  the  same  rich  soil  from  wliicli  spi-ang 
nettles  and  pastui-e  in  such  abundance  l)rought 
forth  also  the  i-amps  or  ^yild  garlic,  which 
springing  first  were  devoured  by  the  cows. 
Cows  could  not  be  confined  for  Avaiit  of  fences, 
nor  dared  we  neglect  milking  lest  they  might 
go  dry ;  and  for  two  or  three  weeks  cows  were 
milked  in  pails  and  the  inilk  thrown  out  and 
given  to  the  hogs.  We  never  milked  on  the 
ground,  as  it  seemed  a  pity  and  some  s:aid  it 
was  bad  luck.  We  never  heard  of  milk  sick- 
ness or  we  might  have  been  less  disposed  to 
fret  at  the  ramps,  and  might  have  been  thank- 
ful for  being  blessed  with  a  disadvantage  less 
frightful.  Our  axe  handles  were  straight  and 
egg-shaped.  Whether  the  oval  form  and  the 
quick  bulbous  ends  of  the  present  day  is  an 
improvement  or  not  is  immaterial  here  to  in- 
(iuire,  but  had  we  used  the  present  form  then 
I  should  at  times  have  been  fixed  to  the  axe. 
The  hand  that  holds  this  pen  had,  before  it 
felt  the  cold  of  twelve  winters,  been  so  be- 
numbed by  chopping  in  the  cold  as  to  have  the 
fingers  set  to  the  handle,  making  it  necessary 
to  slip  them  off  at  the  end,  which  could  not 
have  been  done  were  they  of  the  present  shape. 
After  the  fingers  were  of?  a  little  rubbing  and 
stretching  from  the  other  hand  would  restore 
them,  but  would  not  dry  up  the  blood  nor  heal 
the  chaps  with  which  they  were  covered. 
These  and  kindred  things  are  well  calculated 
to  make  one,  by  contrast,  appreciate  the  bless- 
ings cf  leisure  and  ease  until  they  become  too 
common,  when  we  lose  our  relish  of  them,  and 
the  gratitude  we  ought  to  feel  for  time  even 
to  think. 

RICHARD   AVILLIAMS'    SCHOOL 
•;    "On  Saturday,  July  31st,  18C"2,  my  brother 


Richard  ai'rived  at  our  cabin.  He  had  been  a 
sea  captain  for  many  years,  and  at  the  age  of 
32  abandoned  his  seafaring  life.  I  was  exactly 
12  years  old  to  an  hour  when  he  arrived.  He 
had  left  his  family  at  or  near  Wheeling.  His 
arrival  was  greeted  as  a  great  accjuisition  to 
the  settlement,  as  he  had  a  good  education. 
He  was  born  under  auspicious  circumstances. 
The  neighbors  soon  had  him  a  cabin  up  near 
the  meeting  house  and  a  school  opened.  I  had 
never  been  sent  to  school.  He  put  me  in  thi'ec 
syllables  in  Dilworth's  spelling  book.  I  think 
the  first  lesson  connnenccd  with  the  word 
'abandon,'  and  I  abandoned  that  lesson,  and 
that  book,  for  I  swallowed  the  whole  of  it 
vei'y  soon.  I  never  did  confine  my  studies  to 
a  single  lesson  at  school,  but  must  know  all 
the  book  contained.  The  teachers  could  keep 
me  back  in  recitation,  but  not  in  knowing.  I 
soon  found  that  the  head  of  the  class  was  my 
place  by  pi'e-cm|)tion. 

"xVftcr  the  (|uartcr  was  out,  sugar  making, 
land  clearing,  corn  planting,  etc.,  put  an  end 
to  my  regular  schooling,  but  not  to  my  prog- 
res.s.  Within  \hf  hour  allowed  foi-  rest  at  noon 
I  used  to  I'un  a  mile  over  the  deepest  and 
steepest  kind  of  a  hollow  to  spell  at  school. 
Having  misled  the  evening  spellings,  I  ahvays 
began  foot,  but  that  did  not  annoy  me,  nor 
prevent  me  from  ending  head,  when  the  mile 
must  again  be  run  over  to  dinner  and  I  to  my 
work.  One  sirring,  while  I  was  hewing  the 
side  of  a  stump  to  set  a  flax  brake,  I  was  for- 
tunate enough  to  split  the  middle'toe  of  my 
right  foot.  Although  a  stiff  joint,  a  large, 
crooked  toe  and  a  liad  nail  was  the  conse- 
quence, I  always  counted  myself  fortunate 
under  the  accident,  for  it  gave  me  a  chance 
of  going  to  school  a  quarter.  It  was  sore  two 
months  and  a  half,  most  of  which  time  I  never 
touched  the  forepart  of  my  foot  to  the  ground 
but  walked  to  the  school,  when  the  bare  men- 
tion that  my  foot  would  be  no  worse  hurt  to 
stay  at  home  would  insult  me.  It  was  not 
altogether,  and  perhaps  not  half,  the  love  of 
study  that  made  me  love  school.  There  was 
in  my  composition  a  good  portion  of  the  love 
of  play  and  frolic.  Subseciuently  a  strained 
wrist  and  a  strained  ankle,  as  well  as  a  disease 
of  one  of  my  heels,  which  gave  me  great  pain 
for  four  months,  baffled  the  skill  of  Doctor 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Hamilton  of  Mount  Pleasant,  were  all,  with 
other  wounds  and  In-uises,  counted  as  blessings 
because  they  gave  me  bettei'  opportunities  for 
studies. 

JOHN    MEETS   A   GAY   DECEIVER 

Going  home  from  school  one  evening  I 
took  a  different  route.  Upon  the  hillside 
above  me  1  saw  a  most  beautiful  white  and 
black  livel.y  aninuil  with  a  fine  bush.  I  thought 
surely  no  one  had  ever  before  seen  so  fine  a 
frisk.  Agreeably  to  a  prevailing  trait  in  my 
youthful  character,  which  determined  me 
never  to  leave  any  mystery  in  a  book  or  on 
land  without  knowing  something  more  about 
it,  I  took  two  clubs  in  my  hand  and  went  to 
reeonnoiter  his  whereabouts.  On  approaching 
I  perceived  by  the  smell  that  I  had  heard  of 
the  animal  before,  but  as  I  never  backed  out 
because  difficulties  were  presented,  the  ap- 
proach was  continued  unperceived  until  within 
a  few  paces  of  him.  He  then  discovered  me 
and  ran  very  impertinently  towards  me  and 
looking  me  fully  in  the  face,  seemed  to  ask 
what  I  wanted.  Keeping  my  ground,  he  made 
for  a  retreat,  when  the  temptation  to  throw 
became  too  strong.  The  last  I  saw  of  him  was 
just  as  the  club  was  about  to  hit  him,  when  he, 
by  a  way  peculiarly  his  own,  administered 
a  perfume  to  my  body  not  so  agreeable  as 
Bergamot,  but  certainly  preferable  to  the 
breath  of  a  confirmed  sop  in  the  use  of  tobacco 
or  alcoholic  spirits.  He  also  at  one  and  the 
same  operation  administered  eye  water  to  both 
eyes.  It  was  for  a  few  minutes  powerful  in 
effect,  if  not  lasting  in  efficacy.  In  this  re- 
spect, however,  it  was  not  behind  most  of  the 
nostrums  sold  by  less  skillful  (juacks,  and  in 
one  respect  at  least  very  much  like  many  of 
them.  I  pocketed  the  joke  and  went  home 
laughing  about  it.  It  was  a  lesson.  Had  I 
made  the  best  use  of  it  and  taken  warning 
from  it  never  again  to  be  so  much  deceived  by 
appearances,  it  might  have  saved  me  some 
trouble;  but  I  thought  more  of  Blair's  maxim 
1hat  it  was  better  to  be  imposed  upon  than  to 
foster  a  suspicious  disposition,  and  have  let 
others  impose  upon  me  by  specious  appear- 
ances very  frequently  since.  I  was  not  in  (|uite 
as  good  a  humor  about  it  as  might  be  supposed 
from  the  face  I  put   on,  for  I  silently  vowed 


vengeance  on  the  next  of  the  race  I  met  with. 
The  vow  was  faithfully  redeemed  about  five 
years  afterwards  without  my  being  the  least 
ineommoded.  By  this  time  I  was  19,  and  knew 
much  better  how  to  conduct  an  affai?'  on  the 
field  of  honor. 

"My  faithful  and  industrious  sister  did 
much  for  us  as  she  did  afterwards  for  her  own 
family  by  weaving.  In  the  Spring'  of  1804  she 
and  also  my  l:)rother  got  married,  the  one  to 
Sarah  Arnold,  and  the  other  to  Joseph  Garret- 
sou,  whose  autograph  our  readers  have  seen. 
The  circumstances  of  our  family  very  much 
changed  by  these  movements.  The  infants, 
iuslend  of  webs  and  nursing,  exchanged  for 
weaving.  Change  and  contrast  are  both  nec- 
essary to  happiness,  and  novelty  has  most 
frequently  a  charm  independent  of  things 
changed. 

THE  FOLLY  OF  YOUTH 

"(^n  October  24th,  1804,  my  brother  and  I 
went  out  to  the  Fi'iends  settlement  to  a  corn 
husking.  As  was  common,  the  heap  was  di- 
vided. We  were  chosen  on  different  sides. 
They  had  peach  brandy,  and  handed  it  around 
freely.  I  thought  that  to  be  a  man  I  must 
drink  when  men  drank,  and  I  got  most  com- 
fortably drunk.  The  last  of  the  husking  I 
remembered  was  throwing  corn  in  the  husk. 
Total  abstinence  from  all  remembrance  over- 
took me  until  they  let  me  fall  in  carrying  me 
to  the  house.  Again  I  relapsed  into  total 
forgetfulness  until  three  o'clock,  when  I  awoke 
with  the  chimney  at  the  wrong  end  of  the 
house,  my  brain  turned  topsy  turvy,  and  my 
feelings  otherwise  much  worse  than  when  I 
took  the  quack  medicine  above  described.  My 
brother  had  gone  home.  I  followed  him  at 
daylight  and  joined  him  at  work.  I  expected 
surely  that  friends  would  disown  me.  and  was 
afraid  to  go  to  meeting  or  see  an  ovei-seer  for 
months.  I  marked  the  day  in  the  almanac  and 
determined  never  to  be  'so  beastly  again,  which 
resolution  has  not  yet  been  broken. 

"About  tlie  same  time,  like  other  boys  of  that 
age,  I  wanted  to  be  a  man  or  as  near  like  one 
as  possible,  so  I  tried  to  chew  tobacco.  This 
made  me  most  uncommonly  sick.     When  I  got 


JOHN'S  PURSUIT  OF  KNOWLEDGE 


over  that  spree  I  licteniiined  to  hr  a  man  Avitli- 
oiit  it  or  not  at  all.  To  o>e  neither  spii'its  or 
tobacco  13  soinetiines  very  inieoinrorlahle,  I'oi' 
a  person  cannot  always  keep  eleai-  ol'  the  hrcalli 
and  stench  of  those  "ho  arc  eonlirmed  in  the 
use  of  one  or  l)oth.  In  such  situation  1  liave 
been  nauseonsly  sick  and  I'eady  to  say: 

Oh  wad  some  power  the  giftie  gie  ns 
To  smell  ourselves  as  others  smell  ns ; 
It  wad  from  sic  habits  frae  ns 
And  make  us  men. 

SCHOOLING  OBTAINED  UNDER 
DIFFICULTIES 

"  i  went  to  several  teachers,  the  last  of  which 
was  the  present  venerable  citizen  of  Dayton, 
Aquillia  M.  Bolton.  After  going  to  school  in 
all  thirteen  months  and  eighteen  days — three 
months  of  which  time  was  to  him — I  gradu- 
ated, not  by  receiving  parchment  in  form,  but 
by  again  taking  upon  me  my  mual  occupation 
of  farming.  While  I  Avas  going  to  his  school 
I  walked  near  two  miles,  morning  and  evenhig, 
and  chopped  wood  and  fed  cattle  for  my  board- 
ing. I  often  thought  that  if  I  only  had  the 
opportunities  of  some  boys,  how  happy  I  would 
be.  I  Avould  then  check  such  a  rising  com- 
plaint by  thinking  that  had  I  their  chances  ten 
to  one  I  would  be  jnst  as  idle  as  they. 

"Previous  to  this  last  quarter  I  signified  to 
a  teacher  a  wish  to  learn  surveying.  He  loaned 
me  the  books  and  I  gathered  some  of  father's 
small  instrnnTcnts.  We  had  a  large  crop  in, 
but  I  knew  I  could  find  time.  Surveying  was 
all  wrought  out  that  summer  and,  in  the  old 
fashion,  written  down.  In  my  book  I  made 
this  memorandum:  'I  have  in  the  last  three 
days  calculated,  plotted  and  written  down  14 
pages  of  Gibson's  Surveying,  besides  plowing 
10  acres  of  coi'n.'  I  counted  that  good  work. 
When  I  entered  Bolton's  school  I  wa3  either 
well  versed  in  surveying  and  its  kindred  math- 
ematics, or  else  he  said  what  he  did  not  think, 
or  thought  what  he  did  not  know. 

"In  my  22nd  year  I  took  up  school  near 
Barnesville,  where  the  bright  blue  eyes  of  one 
of  my  pupils,  Sarah  Patterson  by  name  (the 
same  eyes  which  don't  wear  glasses  now),  to- 
gether with  her  rosy  cheeks,  seemed  to  monop- 


'ihzc  ni  themselves  all  that  w:is  u.hhI.  hnjiht 
or  ])retty  iii  Knclid,  Ferguson,  Xewtmi,  IJaeon, 
Martin  and  ;i  linst  nf  ntlier  antlioi-s  that  wcri' 
dear  to  me.  The  purpose  nf  my  life  seemed  to 
be  changed.  Hen'  ji'l  me  drop  :\  caution  to  the 
fair  lasses,  imt  to  let  their  eyes  shine  loo  spai'k- 
ingly   around,    foi-   they    know    ncjt    what    Imi-iii 

[irospeet  they  miiiht  spoil,  and  how  much  tlie 
course  of  life  mieht  he  changed  by  them.' 

"In  reinoving  to  Fi-edericktowu  before  I  was 
10,  somewhere  near  JMerritstown,  Fayette 
County,  I  saw  a  most  beautiful  valley  of 
meadow.  This  impression  made  me  detei'miiu> 
in  after  life  to  live  in  Pennsylvania,  and  Avas 
the  moving  can-?e  of  my  living  in  that  state 
twelve  years. 

EXPERIENCE  AS  A  SURVEYOR 

"In  1824  I  entered  Shrivei-"s  Bi-igade  as  engi- 
neer under  the  general  government  in  the  ex- 
aminations of  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal. 
J.  Knight  ar.d  I  Avere  the  first  two  Avho  com- 
menced that  Avork,  and  hei-e  it  might  be  said 
I  Avas  again  in  the  Avoods  and  again  a  pioneer. 
Tavo  campaigns  Avere  spent  in  those  examina- 
tions, until  the  country  from  the  very  head  of 
the  Yonhagany  to  Pittsburg,  became  familiar. 
Those  examinations  convinced  me  that  a  canal 
from  Cumberland  to  the  Youghagany  never 
could  be  eonsti-ucted,but  a  railroad  through- 
out the  middle  section  to  supply  its  place  could 
— an  opinion  I  have  yet  seen  no  cause  to 
change.  At  that  time  it  was  unpopular  to 
mention  railroads  in  any  degree  of  connections 
with  canals.  General  Siman  Bernard  Avas  chief 
engineer  of  our  department,  a  man  truly  dis- 
tinguished for  his  industry,  as  he  Avas  for 
other  excellent   i|ua]ities. 

"In  1826  I  became  the  assistant  of  C.  W. 
Wever,  Es((.,  in  the  consti'uetion  of  the  Na- 
tional road  in  Ohio,  east  of  Zanesville.  Here 
it  AVEs  my  fortune  again  to  be  a  pioneer,  for 
(here  Avere  then  no  McAdaraized  roads  in  the 
West,  and  none  in  the  United  States  except 
tAvelve  miles  of  about  half  an  experiment  in 
Maryland.  It  Avas  my  business  to  superintend 
the  gradation  and  McAdamizing  for  the  United 
States  until  1829,  Avhen  I  commenced  the  Mays- 
ville  turnpike,  Avhich  I  superintended  the  Avhole 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


rsix  yoai's  of  its  construction.  That  road,  to- 
gether, with  the  engineering  of  clivers  roads  in 
Kentucky  and  several  diverging  from  this  city, 
Cincinnati,  and  some  other  roads  in  this  state, 
will  long  remain  as  marks  of  17  years'  labor, 
and  •will  be  looked  upon  as  starting  points  from 
which  it  may  be  seen  whether  the  science  of 
road  making  has  advanced  or  retrograded. 


dollar  than  otherj  with  their  thousands,  the 
conclusion  has  been  forced  upon  me  that  riches 
are  more  fre(iuently  detriments  than  bler;sings. 
This  is,  however,  not  the  fault  of  the  property, 
but  of  those  who  possess  it. 

"Thus,  kind  readej',  you  will  pee  that  we 
have  in  this  article  endeavored  to  coiniect  the 
p.ist  with  the  pre "cnt,  not  only  bj'  .the  direct 


Cut  No.  71 — John  Shoebridge  Wi 
born   Jul 


.  (son  of  Robert  Williams  and  Anne  Shoebridge). 
1790;  died  April  27.  1878. 


A  QUIVER  FULL 

"Ten  fine  childi'en  in  times  past  sat  around 
my  table.  Other  kinds  of  wealth  I  never  wa"> 
an  adept  at  either  collecting  or  keeping  to- 
gether. The  lack  of  such  a  trait  of  character 
1  shall  not  regret  until  it  is  seen  that  money 
bestows  merit,  or  that  the  value  of  the  man  is 
in  direct  proportion  to  the  weight  of  his  purse. 
Having  seen  some  men  do  niove  good  with  one 


line  of  survey,  but  by  frequent  offsets  from 
the  main  line  as  we  proceeded.  All  we  have 
said  was  thought  either  to  belong  to  the  history 
of  the  coiuitry,  past  or  present,  or  to  bear 
materialj.y  upon  it  until  the  time  we  again  as- 
",umed  the  task  of  pioneer  in  publication  b}' 
fitarting  the  first  purely  historical  periodical 
that  was  ever  attempted. 

JOHN  SHOEBRIDGE  WILLIAMS, 

Of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  1843." 


JOHN   SIIOEHRIDUE   WILLIAIM^ 


JOHN'S  LATER  LIFE  AND  DESCENDANTS 

John  Shoebridge  Williams,  when  lie  was  (:8 
years  old,  married  a  second  time,  Auiiust  26th, 
1858,  to  Drusilla  Ilornei'.  At  that  time  lie  was 
(iuite  poor.  His  dauij,hter,  llaniia  JIarmon 
Williams,   had   married   a   wealthy   man,    H.   T. 


Ihis    house    foi'    his    wife's   falho-,   J(din    SI 
hri.Ue   Williiuiis. 

John  Sh.K'liri<Uc  Williams,  after  thr  <l 
cf  his  second  wife,  Drusilla,  in  1S70.  went 
to  Iowa,  where  John  Hampton,  the  fathe 
Robert  Hampton,  lived,  and  died  thei'c  at  \' 
Iowa,  April  27th,  1878,  at  the  age  of  88. 


/ 


Cut   No.   7Z 
Scpte 


-Sarah    Patterson,   born    April    8. 
iber  16,  1813,  by  whom  she;  liad  te 


Stone  of  Cincinnati,  who  built  a  cozy  little 
home  on  one  corner  of  his  place  and  supported 
them  there  until  Drurdlla's  death,  October  2ith, 
1870,  12  years  later. 

His  youngest  daughter,  Martha  Belle  Wil- 
liams, born  1833,  married  a  wealthy  man,  Wm. 
Van  Vleek,  who  made  his  money  in  oil,  and 
he  also  paid  part  of  the  expense  of  building 


790.     Married  John  Shoebridge  Williams 
1  children.     She  died  May  29,  1858. 

His  daughter,  Martha  Belle,  and  her  hus- 
band, Van  Vleck,  attended  his  funeral. 

The  Bible  cf  John  Shoebridge  Williams  is  in 
the  possession  of  Jennie  B.  Fowder,  Hollywood. 
Cal.,  and  from  this  she  has  helped  me  make  up 
the  record  for  this  history. 

The  daughter  of  Martha  Belle  Williams  and 
William  Van  Vleck  is  Anna  Belle,  who  married 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTOKY 


Frances  H.  Owen  of  Boston,  Mass.  Martha 
Belle  Williams,  her  mother,  died  at  her  house. 
William  Van  Vleek  lost  most  of  his  money 
before  he  died  and  his  son  lost  the  rest  after 
Ills  father's  death  through  bad  investment. 

Hannah  Harmon  Williams,  born  1817,  mar- 
ried B.  T.  Stone  of  Cincinnati,  who  Avas  very 
wealthy.  The_y  later  moved  to  California  ior 
Hannah's  health,  and  slie  died  in  San  Jose, 
Cal.  Later  B.  T.  Stone  married  again  and  had 
a  fine  home  at  San  Jose,  Cal.,  where  he  after- 
wards died. 

SAMUEL    WILLIAMS,     OLDER     BROTHER 
OF   JOHN 

Returning  now  to  my  hi-auch  of  the  family, 
my  grandfather.  Samuel/Williams,  born  in  1779, 
was  married  in  May,  18a4,  to  Sarah  Arnold,  my 
grandmother.  Grandmother  Sarah  Avas  born 
May  26lh,  1782,  and  died  May  20th,  1856,  at 
the  age  of  74.  Her  father  was  Joseph  Arnold 
and  her  mother's  name  was  Sarah. 

I-lleven  children  resulted  from  this  union  as 
follows : 

Joseph  Williams,  born  March  10th,  1805. 

Anne  Williams,  born  June  5th,  1806 ;  mar- 
ried Edwin  Patterson 

Sally  Williams,  born  1808,  married  July  9th, 
1828,  to  Exune  Bundy,  and  died  February  15th, 
1875.  ■" 

Robei-t  Williams  (the  father  of  the  author), 
born  September  18th,  1809,  married  May  .'^rd, 
1838,  to  Sarah  Ann  Hampton,  and  died  August 
23rd,  1903,  at  the  age  of  94.        *=•-,     " 

Mary  Williams,  born  April  28th,  1812,  and 
mari-ied  ilay  5th,  1830,  to  John  Hampton,  son 
of  John  Hampton  and  Mary  Belts  Hampton. 

Elizabeth  Williams,  born  June  7th,  1815, 
married  December  30th,  1841,  to  James  Gib- 
bons, and  died  March  11th,  1856. 

Peninah  Williams,  born  July  30th,  1817, 
married  March  9th,  1836,  to  Joseph  Gibbons, 
and  died  Januai-y  16th,  1888,  age  70  years. 

John  Williams,  born  October  17th,  1819,  died 
September  16th,  1821. 

Martha  Williams,  born  April  7th,  1822.  mar- 


I'ied  November  21st,  1843,  to  Jonathan  Stanton, 
and  died  December  29th,  1849. 

Richard  Williams,  born  May  5th,  1824,  died 
June  15th,  1843. 

Samuel  B.  Williams,  born  March  17th,  1827, 
mai-ried  Mai'ch  14th,  1850.  to  Ruthana  Hamp- 
ton, and  died  May  19th,  1904.  Married  second 
wife,  Rebecca  Warrell  Bundy,  December  23rd, 
1892. 

D.  W.  i\Iort6n  of  Beaufort,  N.  ('.,  who  has 
assisted  me  in  following  up  clues  in  the  family 
h.istory,  wrote  me  in  1918  from  Beaufort  as 
follows : 

"Mj'  father,  for  whom  I  am  named, -was  over- 
seer for  David  S.  Jones  from  1849  to  1865,  and 
while  in  Jones'  employ  rebuilt  the  dam  and 
mill,  and  with  the  exception  of  some  minor 
repairs,  it  has  been  in  operation  ever  since.  I 
have  heai-d  m.v  father  say  that  Jones'  troubles 
were  caused  by  his  losing  his  negToe.i  and  vast 
estate  during  the  Civil  War.  Jones  went  in- 
sane and  died  about  1880  a  raving  maniac. 
My  father  frequently  pointed  out  to  rae  when 
I  \Yi\s  a  bo.v.  as  we  would  pass  the  dam  on  our 
way  to  Newport,  the  point  where  the  old  Wil- 
liams and  Fisher  Mills  formerly  stood.  I  am 
sending  a  picture  of  the  old  cedar  tree  (see 
Cut  67)  that  stands  in  the  yard  near  where  the 
house  of  Robert  Williams  formerly  stood.  This 
tree  is  150  .yeai's  old  or  more  and  is  good  for 
100  years  yet.  When  I  was  a  boy  of  8  years 
old,  in  1873,  I  lived  with  ray  father  in  a  house 
on  the  old  Fisher  place,  which  house  was  said 
to  l)e  the  same  one  occupied  by  Robert  Fisher 
when  he  owned  the  farms  and  water  mills  at 
Black  Creek,  which  were  afterwards  sold  by 
his  executor,  Ben,jamin  Stanton,  to  one  William 
Fisher. ' ' 

THE   WOODEN  BRIDGE  AT   PARIS,  KY. 

John  Shoebridge  Williams  was  a  civil  engi- 
neer, and  along  in  the  early  thirties  he  engi- 
neered and  built  a  turnpike  road  from  Zanes- 
ville,  Ohio,  to  Florence,  Ala.  This  road  runs 
through  Lexington  and  Paris,  Kv.,  and  is 
known  at  Paris,  as  the  Ma.ysville  and 
Lexington  turnpike.  John  Shoebridge  Wil- 
liams was  then  about  44  years  old,  and  he 
had   working   with    him   his   brother   Sauuiel's 


ENLARdK.MKXT    KRD.M    CAKD    I'lK  )T()l  ilfAI'll    OK 
.J(»ll.\  SI  loKI  IK  1 1  )(;!•:  WIIJJA.MS 


<^A-^  ^Cm      iAJJt^Z^    <f>lt   l^.Ci     "  ^A^  *^'l  /Ii(UC  V-t^  <!'*<<A>>  «<dfcj 

^U>»^X*4i  /t*.^Ti-«*«v^*^v  i/'^-t-t^t*^*^  h-^i^^^>'*<^^ftrv<:lCt-^ 
^•"trt^fiCs    jU^ery.9^  /t-tXA-*^    (jL^r^^Xs,^^  /UXlAX.  c^^  >tWi^^«W>V 

»■■       *    I  III  I   m  iiiMiiiiiri    IT  rtTiiii      in' I     in  I      I  BWaaMaaMfA^ 


Cut  No.  69-A— Religions. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Cut   No.  70A— Grave  of  John   Shcebridge  Willi; 


BENJA.AIIN   WJLLIAMS 


oldest  soil,  Joseph  Williams.  .lo.scpli  at  this 
lime  was  just  uihIim'  .'!()  years  (ili.l  ami  was  a 
millwright  by  triuie,  hut  lie  eoulil  turn  his 
hand  to  any  mechanical  woodwork.  This  turn- 
pike ran  across  the  eornei'  of  a  farm  owned  hy 
a  man  named  Wi'iiilit  in  Paris,  and  Joseph 
Williams  built  a  wouileii  l)rid!^e  aei'oss  Stonei' 
creek,  between  Paris  and  East  Pai'is.  that  was 
located  near  the  Wright  farm. 

Living  with  their  Oi'andfather  Wi'ight  were 
two  ;iranddaughters,  S:ii'ali  and  Ruth  Mitchell, 
who  were  twin  sisters.  No  doulit  they  often 
came  down  to  watch  Joseph  and  his  men  build- 
ing this  bridge.  It  was  a  good  bridge  and 
heavily  timbered,  and  is  in  use  to  this  day 
(1920).  altln.ngli  it  vias  built  over  85  years  ago. 

It    has    had   new   planks    on   the   roadbed   a 


he  would  follow  the  exami)le  of  his  cousin, 
Joseph.  The  taet  is.  he  came  back  a  year  later 
and  married  Kebecca,  when  he  was  not  yet 
21,  and  took  hei'  to  llillsboi'o,  Ohio,  whei'e  his 
first  four  cliildren  were  Ixirn.  Then  he  moved 
to  Ciiieiimati,  ()hi<i,  where  the  twins.  James  and 
John,  were  born,  lie  was  probably  connected 
in  business  with  his  father,  John  Shoebi-idgc 
Williams,  at  that  time.  After  the  death  of 
lienjaiiiin's  iirst  wife,  he  married  Lucy  Nye, 
by  whom  h.'  ha.l  four  children. 

One  of  the  children  of  Benjamin  Williams  is 
now  living,  at  the  age  of  80  years,  in  Paris,  Ky. 
She  is  the  granddavighter  of  John  Shoebridge 
Williams,  and  has  sent  me  many  items  of  inter- 
est regarding  him.  She  says  she  has  often  stood 
undei-  this  bridge  when  it  has  been  raining  and 


THE   SHIP    ROSE 

Gu 

No 

73— The  si 

ip  'Ro-i,'  that  in   It)35  brought  over  to  Ne 
Wilhams    ot   Great   \drmouth,   England 

number  of  times  and  the  footbridge  has  been 
replaced,  Intt  the  old  timbers  are  still  service- 
able. For  some  years  past,  however,  there  has 
been  talk  of  putting  an  iron  bridge  in  at  this 
point. 

It  was  while  building  this  bridge  that  Joseph 
Williams  courted  Sarah  Mitchell,  one  of  the 
twin  sisters,  and  about  the  time  it  was  finished 
and  he  was  ready  to  leave  he  married  her.  This 
was  in  1835.  He  sent  for  his  cousin,  Benjamin 
William?,,  a  young  man  about  20  years  of  age, 
the  oldest  child  of  John  Shoebridge  Williams. 
Benjamin  came  to  the  marriage  and  was  best 
man.  One  of  the  bridesmaids  was  Relieeca 
Ward,  a  cousin  of  the  twin  sisters,  and  it  did 
not  take  young  Benjamin  long  to  decide  that 


England,  Robert 


she  was  near  the  bridge.  This  style  of  covered 
bridge  is  common  in  countries  where  lumber  is 
plentiful.  The  design  is  simple  and  strong, 
and  being  covered,  the  framing  is  not  liable  to 
rot,  but  will  last  a  long  time,  as  in  this  instance. 

AVe  are  able  to  show  a  picture  of  this  bridge 
(Nos.  198  and  199),  taken  from  a  photograph 
in  1920. 

EARLIER   WILLIA]\ISES   OF   MASSACHU- 
SETTS 

Great  Grandfather  Robert  Williams  was  not 
the  first  of  the  Williams  from  Wales  to  come 
to  America.  The  records  of  John  Shoebridge 
Williams  mentioned  an  early  Robert  Williams 


THE   willia:ms  history 


who  married  an  Elizabeth  Stratton  and  came 
out  to  America  in  the  ship  Rose  in  1635.  He 
settled  in  Roxhnry,  Mass.,  in  1638,  and  lived 
to  the  age  of  100  years,  and  from  him  descended 
Decan  AVilliaras  and  son,  John  Williams,  who 
was  the  tirst  minister  in  Decrfield,  Mass.  (See 
Appendix.) 

I  am  also  indebted  to  Mrs.  Jennie  B.  Fowler 
for  the  copy  of  a  torn  newspaper,  the  name  and 
date  of  which  T  am  nnable  to  trace,  for  a  gen- 
eral account  of  the  Williams  family  by  Eleanor 
Lexington.  This  account  refers  to  the  Northern 
branch  of  the  family  and  is  included  in  the 
AppcJidix. 

I  also  refer  to  extracts  from  the  Records  of 
Denbigh  and  its  lordship  by  John  Williams  in 
1860,  and  extracts  from  "The  Quakers,"  by  J. 
S.  Turner,  1911,  in  Appendix. 

A  REVIEW  OF  ROBT.  WILLIAMS  AND 
HIS  DESCENDANTS 

I  have  now  traced  the  family  history  of 
Great  Grandfather  Robert  Williams  in  Car- 
teret County  down  to  the  time  of  his  death  in 
1790,  and  have  planted  him  in  the  burying 
ground  on  the  old  homestead  in  the  midst  of 
the  trees  that  sui-rounded  the  bui'ial  lot, — 
which  grave  has  now  been  marked  with  an  ap- 
propriate stone  in  his  memory  by  the  present 
author.  I  have  also  thrown  upon  the  back- 
ground of  the  past,  incidents  and  events  of 
later  date,  that  like  glimpses  of  sunlight  in 
darkened  places,  serve  to  bring  into  temporary 
relief  and  remembrance,  much  correlated  his- 
tory of  interest  to  the  descendants  of  Great 
Grandfath-rr  Robert. 

By  the  help  of  the  autobiography  of  John 
Shoebridge  Williams  in  the  American  Pioneer 
as  given  by  extracts  in  previous  pages  of  his 
volume,  we  see  the  widowed  mother  of  John 
Shoebridge  Williams  endeavoring  by  the  sale 
of  the  homestead  acres,  to  pay  the  debts  of  her 
late  husband,  which  debts  were  increased  by 
the  departure  to  England  of  a  man  having 
Robert's  bond,  and  the  urgency  of  heirs  of 
that  man  that  she  pay  the  debt  which  had  been 
largely  increased  by  compound  interest  from 
the  time  when  Robert  gave  his  note  for  70 
pounds  to  pay  for  the  balance  of  goods  re- 
(:|uii-ed  for  loading  certain  vessels,  after  a 
fre-bet  had   destroyed  a  large  portion  of  the 


goods  which  he  had  prepared  and  which  were 
kept  in  the  warehouses  on  the  wharf.  With 
but  little  pei'soual  property,  therefore,  Great 
(xrandmother  Anne,  with  her  daughter  Eliza- 
beth, her  son  Samuel  (the  Grandfather  of  the 
author),  and  her  ycnng  son  John  Shoebridge 
Williams,  sailed  in  April,  1800,  from  Beaufort 
for  Alexandria  in  company  with  twelve  other 
families.  Elizabeth  was  then  22,  Samuel  21 
and  John  nearly  10  years  of  age.  We  see  them 
after  remaining  several  daj's  in  Alexandria, 
take  a  wagon  train  to  Gocse  Creek,  Va.,  where 
they  waited  a  couple  of  weeks  before  obtain- 
ing another  wagon  to  take  them  across  the 
mountains.  After  a  tedious  journey  in  com- 
pany with  the  families  of  Joseph  Dew,  Levina 
Hall,  and  Jonas  Small,  they  arrived  at  Fred- 
cricktown,  Washington  County,  Pa.  It  wa5 
not  till  the  fall  of  1800  that  they  were  able 
again  to  continue  their  journey,  through  Fish- 
pot  Run,  Blue  Ball  near  Washington,  and 
Warren  on  the  Ohio.  They  finally  located  in 
Ccncord  settlement,  where  many  Friends, 
chiefly  from  Carolina,  took  up  all  the  land  in 
the  neighborhood.  This  settlement  is  in  Bel- 
mont County,  on  Glen's  Run.  about  six  miles 
northwest  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.,  and  the  same 
distance  nortlieast  of  St.   Clairsville,   Ohio. 

Again  Great  Grandmother  Anne  becomes  a 
Picneer  woman  and  bravely  starts  life  again 
with  her  children  in  a  cabin  in  the  woods  that 
was  completed  for  occupancy  by  Dec.  25th, 
1800,  26  years  after  she  had  taken  up  the  re- 
sponsibilities of  her  friend  Elizabeth  Dearman. 
We  are  glad  to  note  that  her  stepson  Richard 
Williams,  for  many  years  a  seafaring  man, 
arrived  at  her  cabin  nearly  two  years  later, 
and  with  the  help  of  his  neighbors  soon  set  up 
a  cabin  of  his  own  near  the  meeting  house,  for 
himself  and  family,  and  opened  a  school.  It 
is  said  he  afterwards  moved  to  Masillon,  0. 

Regarding,  this  Richard  Williams^,  first  son 
of  Great  Grandfather  Robert  Williams,  Robt. 
W.  Hampton,  of  Whitticr,  la.,  gives  the  fol- 
lowing   sketch: 

'"I  remember  well  Great  Uncle  Richard  Wil- 
liams, then  80  years  old,  visiting  at  my  father's 
house  about  the  year  1830.  I  think  he  was  the 
eldest  son  of  Great  Grandfather  Robt.  Wil- 
liams bv  his  first  wife.     I    thir.k    her  maiden 


FAMIT.V  OF  THE  AUTHOR,  M.  F.   WILLIAMS 


name  was  licH.  I  also  rciiu'iiil)cr  an  incident 
lie  told  1110  vrhic'ii  iiaiippiicd  when  he  was  a 
yoiuiti'  man.  lie  was  at  a  ^athei'ing'  of  young 
folks,  and  in  the  afteriidoii  tliey  were  soint;' 
to  take  a  walk  (and  as  that  was  ahont  the  (inly 
way  to  go  in  those  days),  and  as  Ihere  was  not 
enough  youn;^'  men  ])i'esent  for  Uie  youiii; 
women,  Uncle  Richard  Williams  made  the 
remark  that  he  would  take  the  three  Sarahs, 
and  it  so  happc-ned  in  after  life  that  he  did 
take  the  tlir<e  Sarahs,  and  married  each  after 
the  preceding  ones  died." 

"It  is  not  good  that  the  man  sliculd  be 
alone." — Genesis  11-liS. 

Elizabeth  married,  in  April.  1804,  Joseph 
Garretson.  and  a  month  later  Samuel  married 
Sarah  Arncld  (the  grandmother  of  the  present 
author),  who  was  the  daughter  cf  Joseph  and 
Sarah  Arnold.  As  mentioned  previously '  in 
this  histoiw.  Great  Grandmother  Anne  made 
her  home  with  her  son  Samuel,  my  Grand- 
father. It  was  here  that  my  father  Robert 
Williams  was  born  Sept.  18th,  1809,  being  one 
of  11  children.  M.y  father's  brothers  were: 
(1)  Joseph  Williams,  born  March  10th,  1805, 
who  on  June  18th,  1835,  married  Sarah  Wright 
Mitchell  of  Kentucky,  and  died  January  22nd, 
1891.  He  was  my  Uncle  Joseph.  (See  cut 
No.  200.) 

(2)  John  Williams,  born  Oct.  17th,  1819; 
died  three  years  later. 

(3)  Richard  Williams,  born  jMay  5th,  1824; 
died  June  15th,  1843,  at  the  age  of  19. 

(4)  And  Samuel  B.  Williams.  l)orn  March 
27th,  1827,  and  died  May  19th,  1904,  age  77 
years.  (See  cut  No.  202.)  He  was  my  Uncle 
Samuel,  and  on  JMareh  14th,  1850,  married 
Eutlianna  Hampton  (my  mother's  sister),  by 
whom  he  had  seven  ehildren— four  l>oys  and 
three  girls. 

My  father,  Robert  Williams,  married  on  May 
3rd,  IS '38,  Sarah  Ann  Hampton  (who  was  my 
mother).  Ten  children  made  up  our  family, 
of  whom  at  this  writing  in  1919,  six  ai-e  living. 
These  are  Jane  Elizabeth  Williams,  born  April 
2,  1839,  and  thus  80  years  young;  Mary  Lou- 
isa, who  married  John  C.  Chandler,  but  is  now 
a  widow.  She  is  75  years  old  at  present  writ- 
ing. Ruthanna,  born  Feb.  18,  1850  (married 
Murdock),  and  now  living  in  Bridgeport,  l>el- 


ing 


moiit  County.  Ohio;  Sarah  Angelina,  born  Jul 
3,   1852,   married  Ross  Weeks  and   n 
in  Chattanooga,  Tcnn.    These  four  are  my  sis- 
ters.     (See  cut   .\o.  195.) 

My  only  living  brother  is  Scth  Oliver  Wil- 
liams, b<,rn  Feb.  Hi,  l,s55,  ;ind  residing  on  the 
old  homestead   nr.-ir  l!ridgcp<n't,  O. 

The  other  four  ehildren  of  my  j.arents  who 
have  passed  into  the  Great  Beyond,  are  Hanna 
Ann,  born  Sept.  13,  1840,  died  Dee.  21,  1896. 
Harri(>t  B-eeher,  born  Sept.  9,  1857.  died  Oct. 
20,  1862.  Frances  Cornelia,  born  Dec.  26,  18S1, 
died  Feb.  3,  1911.  Alice  Roberta,  born  April 
14,  1865,  died  Jan.  18,  1891. 

The  fourth  child  of  Robert  Williams  and 
Sarah  Hampton  is  Milton  Franklin  Williams, 
the  author  of  this  history,  who  wa-;  born  Oct. 
13th,  1846,  and  is  now  past  his  73rd  year.  He 
is  still  at  the  head  of  his  eompany,  the  Wil- 
liams Patent  Crusher  and  Pulverizer  Co.,  and 
has  not  missed  a  day  from  siekne  :s  for  over 
sixty  years.     (See  cut  No.  203.) 

Harriet  Beecher  Williams  was  buried  at 
Baresville,  Monroe  County,  Ohio,  at  the  upper 
gTaveyard,  at  the  foot  cf  the  hill.  Frances 
Cornelia,  Alice  Roberta  and  Fannie  are  buried 
on  top  of  the  hill  at  the  Bi-idgeport  Graveyard 
adjoining  our  present  family  homestead. 

Nov.  23rd,  1875,  I  married  Emma  P.  Stevens 
of  Gillespie,  Ills.  We  have  five  children,  of 
>vhom  four  are  living,  as  follows: 

ililton  Jiulson  Williams,  born  Jan.  19th, 
1877. 

Arthur  Franklin  Williams,  born  Dec.  20th, 
1879. 

Oliver  Julian  Williams,  born  ilarch  4th, 
1884. 

Florence  Williams,  born  April  9th,  1886 
(now  ^fi's.  Edgar  Carson). 

Another  child  named  Maude  was  born  Jan. 
21.st,  1881,  l;ut  lived  only  a  month. 

The  above  .synopsis  of  my  immediate  family 
will  be  tilled  in,  rounded  out,  exemplified  and 
illustrated  by  the  following  personal  reminis- 
eence.s  of  my  own  life  and  experience,  as  writ- 
ten by  myself,  and  fully  illustrated  by  suitable 
photographs  and  pictorial  illustrations,  and 
entitled:  Part  HI.  A  Man's  History,  written 
bv  himself. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Cut  No.  74  is  a  reproduction  of  No.  8.  top  row,  in  Mrs.  Jennie  B.  Fowler's  collec- 
tion of  the  descendants  of  John  Shoebridge  Williams  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  who  edited 
the  "American  Pioneer"  book  on  life  in  the  woods  of  Ohio.  She  is  Sarah  Jane  Williams 
Farmer,  Great-uncle  John's  fourth  daughter,  an  old  lady  in  her  90th  yeaV,  a  well-pre- 
served and  most  beautiful  old  lady,  now  residing  at  Hollywood,  Calif.,  with  her  daugh- 
ter, Mrs.  Jennie   B.  Fowler. 


SARAH  JANE  WILLIAMS  FARMER 


The  eighth  child  iiiu 
John  Shoebridge  Willia 
Jane  and  was  boT'n  Miv 

No.  74.) 


ishtcr  of 
i',l  Sai'uh 
(See  ent 


She  married  in  1848  Oeorge  Clinton  Farmer 
of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  her  daughter,  Jennie 
Belle  Farmer,  born  Octobei-  9th,  IS.^'i,  married 
Prank  Gridley  Fowler  of  Bi'idgeport,  Conn., 
and  had  twin  boys,  Francis  and  Fi'edei-ick, 
who  were  born  Septenilter  18th,  1887. 

They  live  at  this  date  (1919)  in  Hollywood, 
Cal.,  and  Sarah  Jane  Williams  Farmer  is  mak- 
ing her  home  with  her  daughter,  Jennie  Belle 
Fowler. 


ilie    jceoi'ds     of    said    transaelions    is     D.    W. 
Morton. 

We  are  very  proud  and  lia|ip.\-  to  iTct-ivc 
from  Mrs.  Jennie  B.  Fowler  thesr  maps 
(Cuts  Nos.  64  and  75),  copied  l)y  her  own  son, 
and  also  the  privilege  of  copying  hei'  photo- 
graph showing  88  descendants  of  Jolm  Sboe- 
bridge  Williams  and  his  relatives,  which  she  in 
hei'  search  for  the  genealogy  of  her  great- 
grandfathei-,  loaned  I\I.  F.  Williams  to  help  his 
effort  and  love  for  research.  We  are  handing 
down  our  combined  eflforts  to  our  rising  gen- 
eration of  relatives  in  the  lineage  of  Williams 
— a  name  no  doubt  which  could  be  traced, 
were  the  records  not  lost,  back  to  Noah  and 


Cut  No.  75— Map  of  Carteret  County,  N.   C. 


Also  I  am  indebted  to  Mrs.  Jennie  B.  Fow- 
ler for  the  copy  of  a  map,  drawn  by  John  S. 
Williams  in  1864,  copied  by  Francis  Fowler 
in  1904.  (See  cut  No.  75.)  In  1864,  John  S. 
Williams  went  back  to  North  Carolina,  drew 
this  map,  and  there  shows  a  little  plan  of  his 
father,  Robt.  Williams'  house,  close  to  a  creek, 
and  also  close  to  the  Newport  River,  where 
Wm.  Fisher's  farm  was  at  that  time.  From 
recent  accounts  from  North  Carolina.  William 
Fisher  later  acquired  Robt.  Williams'  farm  or 
plantation.  Our  recent  searcher,  both  in  Beau- 
fort and  Newbern,  who  discovered  a  nuniber 
of  deeds  of  tracts  of  land  both  bought  and 
sold  by  our  great-grandfather,   also   copies   of 


certainlj'  back  to  Adam.  After  again  calling 
attention  to  Cut  No.  69,  my  great-uncle  John 
Shoebridge  Williams,  which  photograph  was 
given  to  my  father  and  his  ideas  upon  religion 
written  upon  the  back,  inserted  at  the  begin- 
ning of  the  ending  of  his  version  in  the  Amer- 
ican Pioneers  of  Ohio,  we  now  introduce  Mrs. 
Jennie  B.  Fowler's  group  photograph  ex- 
plaining and  describing  88  persons,  with  a 
key  to  same.  This  group  photograph  we  num- 
ber as  our  No.  76,  along  with  the  key  which  is 
No.  77. 

No.  76.  A  group  photograph,  furnished  by 
Mrs.  Jennie  B.  Fowler,  now  of  Holl.ywood, 
Calif.,    T    consider    a    most    generous    gift,    the 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


DESCEN1UNT8  OF  JOHN  SIIOKI^.RIDGE  WTLLTAMS 


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THE     WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


work  of  years  in  collecting'  and  getting  data, 
which  Avill  be  fully  described  in  great  Uncle 
John's  biography.  The  88  faces  represented 
are  fully  explained  in  the  key  to  same,  Cut 
No.  77,  and  is  the  work  of  a  genius  (ilrs.  Jcn- 


in  the  Woods."  The  key  explains  fully  by 
numbers  better  than  any  description  which  I 
(fould  give.  ]\[rs.  Jennie  B.  Fowler,  of  Holly- 
wood, Calif.,  in  the  year  1918,  is  described  in 
the   key   to   the   Williams   pictures   as   No.   30, 


Cut   No.   78 — Mrs.  Jennie  B.   Fowler,  of   Hollywood,   Calif.,   shown   in   her  collection   of 

88   persons,   Number  30  in   the   group.      We   are    indebted     to     Mrs.   Jennie    B. 

Fowler  for  this  collection  and  other  reminiscences  of  Great-uncle  John. 


liie  B.  Fowler)  ;  and  if  our  Great-uncle  John 
could  rise  from  his  smoldering  tomb,  he  would 
have  many  words  of  praise  to  offer  to  his 
granddaughter,  being  equally  as  great  a  work 
as  his  version  regarding  Williams'' •' genealogy 
from  the  "Early  Pioneers  of  Ohio"  or  "Life 


seen  in  the  fifth  row  of  circles  from  the  top  be- 
tween the  two  numbers  28  and  16,  on  the  right- 
hand  side ;  and  her  autobiography,  coupled 
with  that  of  her  grandfather,  will  make  the 
picture  and  key  more  complete. 


JENNIK   U.   FOWLER 


AUTOBIOGRAPHY     OF     JENNIK     BELLE 
FARMER  FOWLER 

Jennie  Belle  Farmer  Fowler,  daughter  of 
George  Clinton  and  Sarah  Jane  Williams  Far- 
mer, was  born  October  9th,  1852,  near  Cin- 
cinnati, 0. 


Octolier  1st,  1S84,  she  was  married  to  Frank 
(Jridley  P^wler  of  Bridgejiort,  Connecticut. 
At  the  time  of  their  mari'iage  Mi-.  Fowler  was 
the  oftieial  stenographer  for  Fairfield  County, 
Coiniecticut,  with  hcad(|uarters  at  Bridgepoi't, 
Connecticut. 


When  about  ten  years  of  age  her  parents 
moved  from  Ohio  to  Keokuk,  Iowa,  where  she 
spent  her  girlhood,  attending  first  the  public 
schools  and  afterwards  finishing  her  education 
at  a  private  seminary. 


I\Irs.  Fowler,  being  proficient  in  stenogra- 
phy, assisted  her  husband  with  his  court  work. 

Her  duty  was  to  attend  the  first  part  of  the 
morning  session,  hearing  the  testimony  and 
watching  Mr.  Fowler  write  it  down.  The  notes 
were  then  taken  to  the  office  and  transcribed. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Thus  Mrs.  Fowler  was  responsible  for  half  of 
the  morning's  testimony. 

It  has  always  been  considered  a  difficult 
task  for  one  stenographer  to  read  the  report- 
ing notes  of  another  stenographer,  and  at  that 
time  Mrs.  Fowlor  was  one  of  only  four  ladies 


Anson  Fowler, — boys  whose  weights  were  ex- 
actly the  same  and  resemblance  to  each  other 
so  remarkable  that  a  ribbon  was  tied  on  the 
wrist  of  one  as  a  distinguishing  mark. 

After  Mr.  Fowler's  death,  which  occurred  in 
1907,  Mrs.  Fowler  changed  her  residence  from 


Cut  No.  80 — Frederic  Anson   Fowler.     A   plioto  of  Mrs.  Jennie   B.   Fowler's   other  son. 
who  is  now  a  civil  engineer,  liviug  at  Hollywood,  Calif.,  and  twin  brother  of  Francis. 


in  the  United  States  who  could  accomplish  it. 

While  engaged  in  court  work,  she  also  had 
large  private  classes  in  stenography  and  type- 
writing. 

On  September  17th,  1887,  the  family  was 
increased  and  the  home  blessed  by  the  arrival 
of  twin  bovs.     Francis  Clinton  and  Frederick 


Bridgeport,  Conn.,  to  Hollywood,  Cal.,  where 
she  now  resides.  Her  mother,  Sarah  Jane  Wil- 
liams Farmer,  is  itow  (1919)  in  her  90th  year, 
and  lives  with  her  daughter,  Mrs.  Fowler. 


END   OF   PART   II 


THE  WILLIAMS  HISTORY 


PART  THREE 


A  MAN 'S  HISTORY  WRITTEN  BY  HIMSELF 


I,  Milton  F.  Williams,  was  born  in  the  State 
of  Ohio  in  Belmont  County,  about  two  miles 
north  of  the  town  of  Somorton,  in  Somerset 
Township,  on  the  13th  of  October,  1846,  in  a 
log  cabin  in  the  woods  off  the  main  road.  This 
cabin  was  situated,  as  I  recollect,  west  of  the 
old  sawmill  operated  by  waterpower  which 
belonged  to  my  grandfather  Samuel  Williams, 
and  which  sawmill  and  residence  is  descrilied 
later  on  in  this  history. 

The  accompanying  illustration.  Cut  No.  81, 
shows  the  cabin  in  which  I  was  born,  and  also 
the  cradle  (Cut  No.  82)  that  I  occupied  at 
that  time.  This  ci-adle  now  hangs  up  in  my 
office. 

DESCRIPTION    OF    OUR   CABIN    IN    THE 
WOODS 

This  old  house,  the  old  Williams  house,  was 
nearly  two  miles  from  Somerton,  Belmont 
County,  Ohio,  and  the  following  letter  from  Eli 
©ibbons  is  of  interest,  as  it  mentions  Anne 
Shoebridge  Williams,  who  lived  there  in  her 
later  years  and  died  at  the  age  of  97. 

Barnesville,  Ohio,  February  18,  1918. 
Milton  F.  Williams: 

Dear  Cousin— Thy  good  letter  just  received 
last  evening  and  was  glad  to  get  it.  I  read  it 
with  pleasure  and  have  made  a  mental  note 
of  the  contents.  I  took  my  diaries  down  this 
morning,  and  I  find  on  the  2nd  month  6th, 
1869,  father  and  I  were  in  Wheeling  market; 
after  market  we  went  out  to  Uncle  Robert's 
to  stay  over  first  day  the  7th  of  the  month, 
and  while  there  Milton  F.  Williams  came  home 
that  day;  also  John  Bare  came  there  that 
evening.  Aaron  and  Miranda  DeWees  were 
there.  I  looked  through  the  3rd  month  of 
that  year,   1869,  this  morning,   and  I   did  not 


find  any  mention  of  thy  name.  I  drew  that 
picture  of  the  old  Williams  house  many  years 
ago;  the  old  house  has  been  torn  down,  the 
old  well  in  the  yard  where  we  got  a  drink  that 
day  when  we  were  there  and  I  got  a  portion 
of  the  old  walnut  stump.  The  well  was  on 
the  back  perch  cf  the  old  house,  the  end  of 
the  house  where  Great-grandmother  Anne 
Shoebridge  Williams,  Grandfather's  mother, 
lived ;  her  name  was  Shoebridge,  not  Arnold. 
Grandmother's  name  was  Arnold.  I  am  told 
that  my  Great-grandfather  was  married  twice; 
his  first  wife  died,  and  then  in  time  he  raar- 
I'ied  Anna  Shoebridge.  To  that  vuiion  three 
children  were  born :  Aunt  Betsy  Garretscn, 
aiul  Uncle  John  S.  Williams,  and  Grandfather 
Samuel. 

Now  for  a  more  descriptive  mention  of  the 
old  house:  The  well  was  on  one  end  of  the 
back  porch;  the  porch  extended  the  entire 
length  of  the  house  with  a  pantry  on  the  other 
end  from  the  well,  and  a  stairway  from  that 
porch  led  up  to  the  loom-room  above  the 
kitchen  where  blind  Great-grandmother  used 
1 0  sit  bj'  that  window  and  knit  and  smoke ; 
.'■he  kept  her  pipe  and  tobacco  on  the  window 
■^ill.  There  was  a  porch  the  full  length  of  the 
bouse  in  front  with  a  pantry  on  each  end.  Now 
for  the  yai-d :  It  extended  from  the  front  of 
tlie  porch  to  the  tail  race,  which  ran  a  few  feet 
in  front  of  the  yard,  and  we  used  to  cross  the 
tail  race  on  a  broad  board. 

Now  for  the  garden:  It  was  at  the  end  of 
the  house  where  the  big  chimney  was;  the  gar- 
den extended  back  to  the  sawmill  lot,  and  the 
fence  around  the  garden  ran  parallel  with  the 
tail  race;  then  at  the  back  of  the  garden  next 
to  the  hill,  we  used  to  go  out  to  the  sawmill; 
there  were  apple  trees  above  the  garden. 
There  was  a  big  ash  tree  at  or  near  the  big 
gate  that  led  from  the  sawmill  lot  where  there 


OUR  CABIN  IN  THE  WOODS 


was  a  pole-swing  fastened  to  one  of  the  limbs, 
and  I  ain  told  that  Uncle  Samuel  used  to  get  in 
that  swing  and  make  it  go  up  to  a  level  on 
each  side.  Our  Great-grandfather  was  a  Welsh- 
man. 


■  ide   cf  the   path    from   the   front    to   thf 


house. 


I  do  not  think  of  any  more  at  this  time  that 
will   he  of  interest   to  thee. 


-]\I}   fathers  Labm  m  the  woods      Fathers  first  house  m  the  woods  on  the 
old   farm,    in    1840,   now   called   Jerusalem 


Now  about  the  old  reel:  We  have  one  of 
them  and  the  girls,  when  the  weather  is  suita- 
ble, can  take  a  photograph  of  it  and  have  the 
picture  developed.  Sister  Lavina  can  have  a 
picture   of  the  pewter  plate  taken. 


So  with  love  to  all,  I  am  as  ever,  thy  cousin. 

—Eli  W.  Gibbons. 

P.  S. — I  am  tip  at  Sister  Lavina 's  now;  she 
las   that   old   pewter  platter   and   also   one   of 


Cut  No    82 — W.  F.  Williams,  at  the  age  of  three  months,  in  his  cradle 


This  is  the   7th   day   morning,   all   well ;   the  the  plates,  and  we  will  have  a  picture  taken 

snow  is  in  a  slush  aiul  very  icy— it  is  danger-  of  tliem  when  convenient,   and   send   them   to 

cus  to   get  about.     There  was  a    large    cedar  ^'""^'^• 

tree  in  the  corner  of  the  front  yard  next  the         C'ut  No.  84  is  made  to  represent  my  mother, 

tail  race,  siid  a  row  of  smaller  cedar  trees  on  Sarah    Ann    Williams,    as    a    young    married 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


woman  of  doinostio  habits  and  frugal  ways 
churning-  oream  ta  butter  in  a  churn  of  the 
olden  times,  possibly  at  the  age  of  18. 

Cut   No.  85  represents  M.  F.   Williams  and 
one  of  his  sisters  sleeping  in  a  trundle  bed  at 


and  under  their  bed  they  kept  the  trundle  bed. 
How  well  I  remember  one  night  I  woke  up 
and  could  think  of  nothing  practically  but 
hearing  or  sounding  in  my  ears  curse  words, 
which  I  had  heard  from  some  men  who  were 


Cut  No.  83     Robert  and  Sarah  Hampton  Williams,  father  and  mother  of  M.   F. 
Williams,  the  author  of  this  history.     (Taken  in  1853). 


Cut    No.   84 — My   mother   at    the    churn 


Baresville,  Ohio,  which  is  one  of  my  earliest 
recollections,  between  the  ages  of  5  and  6, 
Avitli  mj'  mother  and  father  at  Baresville,  in 
the  old  house  before  the  fire,  and  even  in  the 
new  house  after  the  fire.  In  the  new  house 
my  mother  and  father  slept  in  the  west  room. 


fuiarreling  and  fighting,  and  I  got  the  imprint 
(It  their  voices  so  strongly  in  my  mind  that  I 
was  crying  and  woke  my  mother  up.  and  she 
wanted  to  know  what  was  the  matter  and  I 
(old  her,  a:id  she  asked  me  to  think  of  the  dif- 
ferent people  whom  I  knew  and  count  them  to 


OUR  HOME  IN  JERUSALEM,  OHIO 


see  how  many  I  could  remember,  so  that  my 
mind  might  be  changed  from  the  subject,  and 
freed  from  what  I  had  heard  from  older  and 
wicked  people.     My  father  was  very  strenu- 


OUR  HOME  AT  JERUSALEM 

Cut  No.  86  shows  my  father's  second  house 
after  marriage,  the  first  being  a  log  house  and 


Cut   No.   85— My   trundle   bed 


ously  opposed  to  profanity.  I  have  frequently 
heard  him  lecture  people  for  swearing.  He 
would  always  say  it  was  neither  just,  manly, 
polite  nor  wise.     This  same  trundle  bed  was 


described  earlier  in  my  autobiography  (see 
Cut  No.  81).  This  is  a  four-room  house  with  a 
kitchen,  showing  the  garden  to  the  left,  the 
orchard   beyond   the   house,   a   woodshed   and 


Cut   No.   86 — Our  home  at   Jerusalem,   Belmont    County,   Ohio 


used  by  our  family  before  Ave  moved  to  Bares- 
villc,  but  I  do  not  remember  the  trundle  bed 
being  used  in  Belmont  County,  but  I  do  in 
both  houses  in  Monroe  County  at  the  Frank- 
lin mill. 


service  house  for  out-of-door  implements.  Back 
of  the  house,  across  the  road  from  the  fence, 
was  the  barn.  This  house  stood  upon  a  piece 
of  ground  comprising  41  acres,  which  my  fa- 
ther purchased  by  money  saved  from  working 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


by  the  day,  perliaps  50e  to  75c  per  day  in 
those  times.  This  41  acres  lies  between  his 
father's  premises  and  my  mother's  father's 
farm.  He  bought  this  41  acres  from  Grand- 
father Hampton,  my  mother's  father,  and  kept 
it  until  he  sold  it  for  between  $700  and  $1000. 
Then  he  moved  the  family  to  Baresville  and 
put  the  proceeds  in  the  old  Franklin  mill  at 
Baresville,  which  Avill  be  described  later.  The 
house  today  has  been  remodeled,  the  kitchen 
enlarged  and  the  roof  covered  with  slate.  When 
originally  built  the  roof  was  covered  with 
i-ived  and  shaved  shingles,  which  father  made 
by  hand  out  of  the  virgin  logs  from  the  woods, 
and  the  shaving  of  shingles  is  represented  by 
the  cut   No.   123,   showing  a   shaving-horse.     I 


EARLIEST     RECOLLECTIONS     OF     M.    F. 

WILLIAMS  WHEN  HE  WAS  ABOUT 

FOUR  YEARS   OLD 

I  recall  the  incident  of  my  first  pants,  when 
I  was  taken  down  to  the  coal  bank  where 
father  was  digging  coal,  at  the  old  farm  in 
Belmont  County,  and  just  Avho  accompanied 
me  (I  expect  was  my  Sister  Jane)-,  of  this  I 
am  not  positive,  but  when  we  got  down  to 
the  coal  bank  there  we  met  a  man  by  the  name 
of  Pettycord,  who  was  disposed  to  make  sport 
of  my  first  pants.  Father  had  just  come  out 
of  the  mine  with  a  car  of  coal,  and  we  met  him 
there. 

The   next   recollection   was   of  a   Sunday   in 


e  age  of  three  years 


was  at  this  house  two  years  ago  last  August, 
and  it  had  been  recovered  with  new  weather- 
boarding  and  the  slate  roof  installed  as  de- 
scribed above,  and  looked  quite  modern  to 
what  it  did  when  built  in  about  the  year  1840. 

My  parents  belonged  to  the  Fraternity  of 
Friends,  commonly  called  Quakers,  and  were 
farmers  in  a  small  way.  A  year  or  two  after 
I  was  born  father  built  a  frame  house,  across 
the  field  and  across  the  public  road,  which 
frame  house  we  here  illustrate  by  a  cut  from 
a  photograph  taken  recently.  (See  Cut  No. 
86.) 

The  above.  Cut  No.  88,  shows  me  at  the  age 
of  3  years,  a  pretty  good-looking  boy,  if  I  do 
say  it  myself. 


I  he  winter,  when  father  had  made  a  sled,  and 
took  us  to  Somerton  with  the  horse  Ave  called 
Doll,  to  visit  LTncle  Samuel,  who  then  lived 
in  Somerton.  I  cannot  now  recall  who  Avas 
along  besides  mother  and  father,  but  naturally 
nil  the  children  would  have  gone,  and  it  runs 
in  my  niiml  that  at  tlie  back  of  Uncle  Samuel's 
bouse  was  a  high  wall,  -where  once  there  had 
been  a  mill,  or  they  intended  to  build  a  mill, 
which  as  a  matter  of  fact  Avould  be  a  grist  mill. 
Upon  another  occasion  father  was  planting- 
trees  across  the  road  from  the  house  where  we 
had  our  stable  and  barn.  I  can  see  him  today 
\vheeling  the  trees  in  a  wheelbarrow  down  to 
the  road,  Avhich  road  leads  down  to  this  day 
to  Grandfalher  Williams'  home  and  sawmill, 
past  the  log  school  house.    We  came  back  over 


EARLY  RECOLLECTIONS 


the  road  from  Gi'aiulfather  Williams'  old 
place,  in  August,  1916,  in  an  automobile,  and 
I  remember  it  was  a  vei'y  steep  hill  and  almost 
too  much  for  the  auto.  How  I  recall  that  the 
trees  father  was  planting  were  peach  trees  I 
cannot  now  relate,  but  I  think  he  got  the  trees 
in  the  orchard  back  of  the  house. 

Upon  another  occasion,  at  this  age  and  time, 
I  recall  that  father  went  to  Wheeling  market 
\vith  produce  along  with  some  of  the  neigh- 
bors, and  when  he  returned  he  brought  me  a 
Billy  Barlow  knife.  I  can  remember  the  knife 
as  well  today  as  though  it  happened  yester- 
day; and  about  this  same  time  I  can  recall  go- 
ing to  Gr;uidmothcr  Hampton's,  I  expect  with 


The  bow  and  arrow  gun  which  1  brought 
back  and  have  amongst  my  cui'ios  I  expect  was 
made  by  my  Uncle  Samuel.  I  brought  it  from 
the  old  home  in  August,  1916,  and  got  it  from 
the  man  who  lived  in  the  house  at  that  time. 
I  paid  the  owner's  daughter  one  dollar  for  this 
gun  at  that  time,  in  1916. 

The  leg  of  an  old-fashioned  bench  which  I 
have  amongst  my  old  I'elics,  my  fathei'  made. 

At  the  same  visit  in  1916,  and  upon  going 
to  the  old  frame  house,  I  secured  a  leg  of  an 
oak  bench,  which  was  hewn  out  with  an  axe, 
as  lumber  was  very  scarce  in  those  da.ys  and 
vei-y  high  in  price,  and  my  recollections  of  the 


Cut   No.  90— Our  first   school   house 


Aunt  Rutli,  and  grandmother  would  give  me 
')read  and  butter  with  brown  sugar,  because 
in  those  days  there  was  no  white  sugar.  I 
well  remember  the  occurrence  of  going  on  the 
sled  to  Somerton,  because  I  was  out  where 
father  was  making  the  sled  a  day  or  two 
before. 

I  also  can  I'ceall  Uncle  Samuel  making  fur- 
niture upstairs  in  our  front  room  fronting  the 
road.  I  presume  he  was  making  the  furniture 
for  himself  and  wife,  as  they  lived  at  our  house 
when  they  were  first  married,  and  I  busied 
myself  burning  the  shavings  in  an  open  fire- 
place, but  I  know  my  ^mcle  must  have  exer- 
cised lots  of  care  that  I  did  not  set  fire  to  any- 
thing in  the  room. 


old  frame  house  where  several  of  the  family- 
were  born,  and  vividly  through  my  mind 
passed  early  recollections  of  my  childhood.  I 
remember  the  garden,  the  oi'chard,  the  wood- 
shed, the  well  which  Avas  close  to  the  house, 
the  stable  across  the  road.  Avhich  was  a  north 
and  south  i-oad.  Also  the  lane  in  those  days, 
which  led  down  to  Grandfather  Hampton's 
home.  In  going  towards  Somerton,  in  the 
North  and  South  road,  east  of  the  garden  was 
the  lane  which  led  west  to  the  right  towards 
our  Grandfather  Hampton's  place. 

The  garden  and  the  orchard  and  at  least  one 
field  bordered  upon  this  lane  leading  down  to 
Grandfather  Hampton's  place.  On  the  south 
side  of  this  lane,  if  my  memory  serves  me  cor- 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


rectly,  was  Grandfather  Hampton's  field.  Our 
home  was  between  Grandfather  Hampton 's  and 
Grandfather  Williams',  which  were  about  a 
mile  apart.  A  slight  ridge  hid  Grandfather 
Hampton's  place,  so  we  could  not  see  it  from 
our  home,  and  Grandfather  Williams'  place 
was  down  near  the  creek  and  also  out  of 
sight. 

OUR  FIRST   SCHOOLHOUSE 

A  little  farther  south  towards  Somerton  the 
lane  led  to  the  left,  down  the  hill  toward 
Grandfather  Williams'  place,  and  in  going 
down  the  lane  to  the  latter  named  place,  to  the 
right  was  a  log  schoolhouse,  which  stood  up 
above  the  road  several  feet  from  the  road. 


"He  kind  to  thy  sister, — 

Not  many  can  know 
The  depths  of  a  true  sister's  love; 

The  pearls  of  the  ocean  lie  fathoms  below. 
The  wavelets  that  sparkle  above." 

I  now  remember  going  to  this  school  with 
my  sisters,  perhaps  Sister  Jane,  as  she  was  the 
eldest,  and  I  could  not  have  been  at  this  time 
more  than  3-J  or  4  years  of  age,  and  about  all 
v/hich  I  can  remember  of  my  first  day's  school- 
ing in  the  old  log  schoolhouse  was  that  the 
teacher  went  out  in  the  brush,  cut  a  switch, 
brought  it  in  and  gave  it  to  me,  and  told  me  to 
whip  any  one  who  didn't  behave  themselves. 
I  remember  of  undertaking  to  use  the  switch 


-^-iff 


'0m^Z 


Cut  No.  91 — My  Grandfather  Samuel  Williams'  log  house  anil 


Here  my  sister  and  I  attended  school.  Like 
Whittier's  boy,  with  "face  of  tan,  with  my 
turned-up  pantaloon  and  a  merry  whistled 
Tune, ' '  we  raced  along  this  lane  to  the  school- 
house.  I  remember,  however,  that  I  was  never 
able  to  whistle,  so  Whittier  was  wrong  in  de- 
scribing me  in  that  connection.  However,  the 
cut  No.  90,  herewith,  shows  the  old  school- 
house  and  my  sister  going  with  me  to  school. 

The  above  cut.  No.  90,  shows  the  log  school- 
house,  across  the  road  from  the  old  farm,  on 
the  road  down  to  Grandfather  Williams'  saw- 
mill. This  log  cabin  or  log  schoolhouse  with 
a  puncheon  floor,  puncheon  seats,  and  punch- 
eon desks,  was  certainly  primitive. 


iiiid  getting  into  trouble.  This  is  all  the 
schooling  which  I  can  recall,  that  I  received 
iji  Belmont  County — or  this  was  my  first  step 
at  education  in  Belmont  County.  I  also  re- 
member my  first  pants.  The  day  upon  which 
I  wore  my  first  pants  was  the  occasion  of  my 
going  from  the  frame  house  across  the  North 
and  South  road  through  the  gate  by  the  barn 
to  the  coal  bank  which  father  had  on  the  place, 
as  he  dug  our  own  coal  and  sold  some  to  the 
neighbors. 

Another  incident  M^hich  I  can  remember  was 
going  out  to  where  father  was  chopping  trees 
and  spraying  the  leaves  of  quite  large  oaks, 
hickory,  and  other  kinds  of  wood,  and  those 


MY  GRANDFATIIEP.  SAMUKL  WILLIAMS 


trees  which  would  make  sawlogs  were  hauled 
down  to  the  sawmill  and  cut  into  lumber  by 
my  fathei'.  '  Many  occasions  I  remember  of  go- 
ing to  my  Grandfather  Hampton's.  I  was  a 
favorite  with  my  aunt,  Ruthanna — commonly 
called  Aunt  Ruth — and  A\iien  I  would  go  there 
on  a  visit  she  would  feed  me  bread,  butterand 
brown  sugar,  as  white  sugar,  granulated  sugar, 
was  not  known  in  our  part  of  the  country  at 
that  time,  but  brown  New  Orleans  sugar  and 
molasses  was  an  everyday  commodity.  On 
another  occasion,  on  the  Sabbath  day,  I  re- 
member my  father  and  mother  going  with  me 
to  the  town  Somerton,  where  my  Uncle  Sam- 
uel and  Aunt  Ruth  lived.  I  suppose  they  went 
to  a  Quaker  meeting — that  pari;,  of  the  inci- 
dent I  do  not  now  recall.  We  went  in  a  sled, 
pulled  by  our  bay  horse  called  Doll,  and  i-e- 
turned  back  the  same  day  from  Somerton. 

Afterwards  Doll  received  her  death,  by 
father  feeding  her  upon  green  corn,  before  it 
was  matured,  which  gave  Doll  what  is  called 
cholera  morbus,  and  poor  Doll  passed  away 
To  the  happy  hunting  ground.  I  do  not  now 
recall  our  family  having  another  horse,  while 
we  lived  near  Somerton,  now  called  Jerusa- 
lem Post  Office,  although  we  may  have  had 
another. 

MY  GRANDFATHER  SAMUEL  WILLIAMS 

Cut  No.  91  represents  a  log  house  erected  by 
Grandfather  Samuel  Williams,  who  se1>tled  on 
ivhat  was  called  Township  16,  on  a  small  creek, 
and  the  house  was  built  as  shown  Avith  a  front 
and  back  porch,  having  a  pantry  upon  the  front 
and  back  porch.  In  those  days  of  log  houses  he 
was  also  considered  a  thrifty  man,  and  he  nat- 
urally would  have  been,  being  a  son  of  Robt. 
Williams  of  Carteret  County,  N.  C.  To  the 
left  is  shown  a  water  sawmill.  He  also  took  up 
the  thriftiness  and  evolution  of  his  prede- 
cessor, built  a  sawmill — which  sawmill  was 
built  by  his  sons,  Joseph,  the  eldest,  Robert, 
the  next  in  age,  and  Samuel  B.,  the  youngest. 
The  eldest  and  the  youngest  having  learned  to 
be  millwrights,  built  this  sawmill  for  their 
father,  and  my  father,  Robert  Williams,  after- 
wards ran  the  sawmill  and  sawed  logs  for  the 
neighborhood,  sawed  lumber  to  build  his  own 
home.     Of  this  sawmill  not  a  trace  was  left  in 


August,  1916,  when  I  visited  the  premises.  In 
this  sawmill,  when  there  was  sufficient  water 
in  the  dam,  my  father,  just  after  being  mar- 
ried no  doubt,  spent  his  best  and  happiest 
days.  He  was  energetic,  he  loved  to  woi-k,  he 
loved  to  be  useful,  and  he  was  a  man  beloved 
by  the  community. 

While  "rowing  u|)  fi-oiu  l)abyh()od  to  boy- 
hood, to  about  the  age  of  four  oi'  five  years, 
the  eai'liest  incident  which  I  can  remember  is 
that  in  the  second-story  front  room,  next  to 
the  public  road,  my  Uncle  Samuel  and  Aunt 
Ruthanna  lived  at  our  house,  Ruthanna  being 
my  mothc'-'s  youngest  sister,  and  Uncle  S.  B. 
Williams  being  my  father's  youngest  brother. 
Uncle  Samuel  was  making,  I  think,  some  fur- 
niture for  my  father,  and  I  remember  helping 
to  sweep  up  the  shavings  and  burn  them  in  an 
open  fireplace,  which  was  common  in  those 
days.  I  think  the  cradle,  which  is  illustrated 
above  (Cut  No.  82),  was  probably  made  in 
this  house  by  my  Uncle  Joseph  Williams,  from 
cherry  wood,  M'hich  cherry  wood  or  lumber 
was  sawed  by  my  father  at  our  Grandfather 
Williams'  sawmill,  down  on  the  run  called 
"sixteen,"  which  sawmill  I  remember  being  at 
many  a  time  when  I  visited  my  Grandfather 
AVilliams,  but  which  sawmill  has-  long  since 
])assed  away,  not  one  stone  left  of  the  founda- 
tion. Even  the  topography  of  the  country  ad- 
.iaeent  to  it  has  been  so  changed  that  there  was 
little  I  could  possibly  recognize  in  August, 
1916,  when  I  visited  the  old  homestead  with 
my  cousins,  Elam  and  Eli  Gibbons,  who  lived 
upon  the  ridge  west  of  Barnesville.  They 
were  with  me  upon  this  occasion,  and  in  ex- 
amining the  suiTounding  country.  Cousin  Eli 
pointed  out  the  tail  race,  of  which  a  little  could 
be  seen ;  hut  the  head  race,  none  of  it  could  be 
discerned,  as  Nature  had  filled  it  up.  This 
mill,  as  a  matter  of  course,  in  these  times  was 
a  water  mill. 

MY  VISIT  HOME  IN  1916 

The  sawmill  tail  race,  or  20  feet  of  it,  can 
^till  be  seen,  as  a  barn  is  now  standing  over 
that  portion  of  the  tail  rflce  which  is  discerni- 
ble, and  the  sawmill.  The  foundation  of  the 
sawmill  has  also  been  obliterated,  and  none 
of  the  stone  composing  the  foundation  remains. 


THE     WILLIAMS     HISTORY 


The  flume  or  head  race  and  the  head  gate  are 
gone. 

Cousin  Eli  observed  a  walnut  stump  close 
by  the  tail  race,  and  from  this  walnut  stump 
he  borrowed  an  axe  and  severed  a  portion  of 
it  which  I  broiight  away  as  a  souvenir  of  the 
old  water  mill  and  surroundings.  Also  we 
f.awed  a  crotch  out  of  a  cherry  tree  which  I 
had  as  a  remembrance  of  the  old  Grandfather 
Williams  place.  Where  this  sawmill  stood  now 
stands  a  barn,  and  in  the  tail  race,  just  below 
the  water  mill,  stands  a  second  barn. 

Cousin  Rli  stated  that  this  walnut  tree  when 
standing  v^-as  a  portion  of  Grandfather  Wil- 
liams' rope  walk.  Grandfather  made  his  own 
lopes  in  those  days  out  of  hemp  which  he  grew 
upon  his  little  farm,  as  out  in  this  country 
the  people  had  to  make  their  own  roper,.  Prob- 
ably at  that  time  there  was  not  a  rope  factory 
or  rope  walli  nearer  than  Philadelphia,  Penn. 

Another  vivid  recollection  I  have  is  of  one 
evening  while  we  were  at  the  supper  table, 
"Bang!"  came  a  stone  against  the  side  of  the 
house,  and  frightened  the  children  very  much. 
Mother  immediately  spoke  up  and  remarked, 
"That  is  Bailey."  Elisha  Bailey  married  my 
mother's  sister,  Mary.  The  said  Elisha  Bailey 
was  a  worthless  vagabond,  or  proved  to  be.  He 
was  lazy,  I  should  have  said  he  was  indolent, 
and  what  he  did  for  a  living  I  cannot  now  re- 
call, but  r  do  know  that  he  wound  up  in  the 
penitentiary  for  i3assing  counterfeit  money. 
After  he  served  his  time  he  tried  to  become  a 
Methodist  preacher  and  moved  to  Indiana  with 
his  family,  which  we  called  in  those  days 
"away  out  West." 

(Note. — I  am  now  writing  my  Cousin  Emma 
Williams  Wells,  Uncle  Samuel's  daughter,  who 
lives  with  her  daughter  in  Detroit,  to  give 
me  the  history  or  the  winding  up  of  the  Bailey 
family  in  Indiana.  I  have  just  had  a  letter 
from  Cousin  Flora,  who  does  not  I'emember 
much  of  anything  about  the  Bailey  family.) 

During  this  period  of  my  life  I  can  well  re- 
member the  families  of  both  Grandfather  Wil- 
liams and  Hami:)ton.  I  also  remember  all  the 
Ivrothers  and  sisters.  I  can  well  remember  my 
father  building  the  sled,  an  old-fashioned  sled. 


Avhich  he  had  for  the  horse  called  Doll  to  pull 
and  do  some  hauling,  and  also  visiting  with 
him  when  sleighing  was  good.  Father  was 
not  a  horseman;  he  did  not  like  horses — just 
like  his  son  Milton  F.,  who  does  not  care  for 
horses. 

MY    VISIT   MANY   YEARS    LATER 

On  our  tirst  visit  to  Uncle  Samuel's  house  at 
Somerton,  I  recall  that  there  was  some  kind 
of  a  legend  in  connection  with  this  Sunday's 
visit  that  I  have  thought  of  hundreds  of  times 
in  my  lifetime ;  it  has  always  appeared  to  me 
that  Uncle  Samuel's  house  was  on  the  brink 
of  a  precipice — that  back  of  it,  or  more  prop- 
erly back  of  *the  kitchen,  was  a  stone  wall  and 
a  declivity,  ajid  it  appears  to  me  quite  faintly 
i'l  my  mind  that  there  had  stood  upon  this  site 
at  one  time  a  mill.  This  faint  recollection  of 
my  childhood  would  be  in  accordance  with  the 
fact  that  such  a  mill  was  built  and  operated 
by  Uncle  Samuel. 

In  August,  1916,  on  my  visit  to  the  ridge 
with  my  cousins  Elam  and  Eli  Gibbons,  and 
after  visiting  the  old  homestead,  and  going 
towards  Somerton,  about  half  way  over,  Eli 
lemarked  to  me,  that  down  on  the  run  or 
creek  which  was  flowing  from  "Sixteen," 
where  the  old  sawmill  of  Grandfather  AVil- 
liams  stood,  he  pointed  out  to  me  where  the  old 
grist  mill  stood,  possibly  75  years  ago.  This 
point  Was,  I  should  judge,  about  half  way  be- 
tween the  old  Williams  sawmill  and  the  town  of 
Somerton.  This  stream  of  water  in  flowing 
down  between  the  hills,  finall.v  joined  the 
creek  where  the  Yokum  and  Butcher's  mill 
stood,  where  I  worked  when  I  was  an  appren- 
tice boy  with  Uncle  Samuel.  This  Yokum  and 
Butcher's  mill  building  is  yet  standing  and 
can  be  plainly  seen  after  descending  the  hill 
on  the  way  from  Somerton  to  Jerusalem. 

MY  MOTHER  SPINNING 

Cut  No.  92  represents  my  mother  at  her 
small  spinning  wheel  spinning  rolls  into  yarn. 
The  engraver  drew  upon  his  imagination  in 
placing  a  ruffle  upon  the  bottom  of  the  skirt 
of  the  dress.  It  is  entirely  too  fancy  looking 
for  my  mother's  garb  in  those  days,  as  mother 


AVE  MOVE  TO  MONROE  COUNTY 


was  a  very  plain  Quakeress  woman,  and  she 
did  not  dress  as  this  dress  is  shown.  Neither 
did  they  have  andirons  as  is  shown  in  the 
srate ;  neither  did  they  have  a  fancy  clock  as 
is  shown  upon  the  mantel.  Neither  did  they 
have  vases  or  any  bric-a-brac,  as  the  engraver 
has  shown,  but  they  did  have  comforts  of  life 
which  were  real  comforts:  plain  food,  plenty 
cf  hard  work,  which  any  woman  would  do 
upon  a  farm  and  in  farm  life.  In  her  early  life 
she  lived  a  pure,  next-to-nature  life,  which 
enabled  her  to  raise  a  healthy  and  plain  family. 

EMIGKATION  TO  MONROE  COUNTY 

In  1S52,  when  I  was  six  years  old,  the  three 
Williams    ])rothers,    Joseph    Williams,    Samuel 


the  name  oi'  the  place,  as  I  was  about  six 
years  old  at  that  time,  but  I  am  inclined  to 
believe  that  the  tavern  was  in  Monroe  County. 
I  remember  the  wagon  shed,  the  wagon  yard 
and  my  first  night  sleeping  in  a  tavern.  This 
made  a  great  impression  on  my  boyish  mind, 
and  I  can  never  forget  it.  I  cannot  recall  any 
other  incident  of  this  trip  until  we  got  down 
lo  the  stream  called  Sunfish.  Sunfish  was  in 
Monroe  County,  and  flowed  into  the  Ohio 
River.  As  we  descended  the  hill  from  Mon- 
Toe  Kill  to  Sunfish,  where  we  were  ferried 
over,  the  first  object  which  attracted  my  at- 
tention was  a  canoe — possibly  a  dugout,  but 
I  think  it  was  a  canoe  made  out  of  pine 
boards.  On  the  river  bank  at  Sunfish  was  a 
water  mill  owned  by  Mortimer  and  Julius  Pol- 


M^^M 


Cut  No.  92— Mothe: 


spinning  wheel 


B.  Williams  and  Robert  Williams,  joined  their 
finances  and  moved  to  Baresville,  Monroe 
County,  Ohio.  Joseph  and  Samuel  Williams 
were  millwrights,  having  learned  the  trade  and 
were  quite  expert  millwrights  as  long  as  they 
lived.  The  three  Williams  brothers,  as  above 
mentioned,  moved  to  Baresville,  Monroe  Coun- 
ty, Ohio,  on  the  Ohio  River,  thirty-six  miles 
below  Wheeling,  W.  Va.,  which  town  has  long 
since  been  called  Hannibal. 

It  was  in  the  spring  of  1851  or  1852  that  our 
family  moved  from  Jerusalem,  Belmont  Coun- 
ty, to  Hannibal,  Monroe  County.  We  traveled 
in  farm  wagons,  and  on  the  road  we  had  to 
stay  over  night  at  a  tavern.     I  cannot  recall 


lock.  Pollock  in  later  years  moved  to  Wheel- 
ing and  l)uilt  a  In-ick  mill  at  the  corner  of 
Market  and  [Main  streets. 

This  was  mj^  fir.st  sight  of  the  mill  at  Sunfish, 
M'here  later  on  my  Uncle  Samuel  found  em- 
ployment, and  when  I  grew  into  manhood  and 
was  sei'viag  my  apprenticeship  I  also  worked 
there  as  a   millwright   on  several   occasions. 

The  Williams  brothers  joined  their  finances 
and  bought  a  millsite,  as  I  remember,  from 
someone  who  had  started  to  build  a  mill.  They 
built  this  frame  mill  witli  their  own  hands, 
out  of  hewn  timber,  and  named  it  the  Franklin 
Mill. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Cut  No.  93  is  not  a  representation  of  the  oM 
Franklin  mill  at  Baresville,  Ohio,  or  Hannibal, 
Ohio,  which  mill  was  started  in  1852  and  fin- 
ished and  operated  in  1853  by  the  three  Wil- 
liams brothers,  but  this  illustration  is  more  to 
give  the  idea  of  an  old  sawmill,  with  overshot 
wheel,  and  was  furnished  to  the  writer  by  the 
Allis-Chalmers  Company  of  Milwaukee,  Wis- 
consin. 

THE   WILLIAMS   BROTHERS'   MILL 

In  the  year  1852  the  mill  was  partly  fin- 
ished— that  is,  the  grist  mill  part — and  while 
building  the  frame  part  of  the  mill  my  Uncle 
S.  B.  Williams  and  a  carpenter  by  the  name 
of  Brock,  in  weatherboarding  this  mill  on  the 


which  we  now  call  a  houseboat  and  this  boat 
he  had  loaded  with  merchandise,  and  stopped 
along  the  river  towns  and  sold  his  goods  and 
wares.  Dougherty  claimed  to  be  a  pious  Meth- 
odist, was  active  in  the  Sunday  school,  and  a 
deacon  in  the  church,  and  having  the  faculty 
of  ingratiating  himself  with  the  people  of  that 
town,  and  my  uncle  wanting  to  go  to  school 
(as  he  had  but  a  meager  education)  he  sold 
his  interest  out  to  Dougherty,  and  went  out  to 
school  with  his  wife  at  McConnelsville,  in  the 
western  part  of  the  state  of  Ohio ;  and  when 
he  returned  and  had  partially  recovered  from 
his  injury,  he  taught  school.  I  remember  of 
attending  his  school,  in  the  little  town  of 
Baresville    in    a    very   small    cottage    school- 


&ML.,     :-■  ^       ■      '       ■    ■■'=   ■ 

h  r    " 

^^■^^-^^^^ 

1 

All   old   sawmill 


south  side  of  it,  met  with  an  accident — a  scaf- 
fold upon  which  they  were  working  fell  and 
these  two  men  were  badly  injured.  Brock,  as 
I  remember,  did  not  live  many  years  after  the 
accident.  My  uncle,  S.  B.  Williams,  lived  for 
many  years  after  the  accident,  until  he  was  75 
years  of  age,  but  Avas  a  sufferer  from  the  day 
upon  which  he  fell  until  his  death,  from  an  in- 
jured spine  I  have  often  thought  since  that 
could  he  have  had  access  to  the  medical  science 
of  today,  they  could  have  cured  him.  But  he 
did  not  have  the  funds  at  that  time.  He  sold 
out  his  interest  to  a  man  by  the  name  of 
Dougherty.  Dougherty  came  down  the  river  in 
what  was   called  in  those   days   a   store   boat. 


house,  and  this  was  my  first  education  in  the 
primer. 

Now  returning  to  the  Franklin  mill,  Robert 
and  Joseph  Williams  thinking  that  Dougherty 
was  such  a  good  man,  a  Avise  man,  a  business 
man,  they  made  him  bookkeeper,  cashier  and 
custodian  of  the  fundi.  This  wrought  their 
ruin.  But  during  the  time  of  Dougherty's 
administration,  the  store  of  goods  was  placed 
down  under  the  logway,  as  a  store  house,  upon 
the  first  floor,  northeast  corner  of  the  building. 
As  this  country  was  filled  with  residents  from 
Switzei'land,  they  sent  to  Switzerland,  got  a 
)nan  to  run  the  store,  and  for  a  j'ear  or  two 


SAWING   LO(!S   WITH    FATHER 


thoy  operated  this  country  store  in  the  mill, 
and  in  addition  they  built  a  sawmill;  they 
built  a  drying  house  for  drying  lumber;  they 
added  a  carding  mill  to  this  steam  mill,  and 
did  a  thriving  business,  and  while  so  doing 
Brother  Dougherty  took  cai-e  of  the  funds  and 
he  got  into  a  condition  about  like  this: 

In  his  right  hand  pocket  he  kept  the  tii'm's 
money.  In  his  left  hand  pocket  he  kept  Dough- 
erty's money.  By  so  doing  in  his  absent- 
minded  moments  he  got  the  moneys  in  each 
pocket  so  badly  mixed  that  he  could  not  tell 
which  was  Dougherty's  money  and  which  the 
fii'm's,  and  as  discretion  is  the  better  part  of 
valor,  he  tlionght  to  make  himself  straight  he 


them  out,  or  were  about  to.  In  those  days  the 
banki'upt  law  was  in  vogue,  and  they  took 
advantage  of  the  l)ankrupt  law.  Hut  in  the 
meantime  my  father  had  been  fai'-sighted 
enough  to  saw  out  lumber  sufficient  to  build 
a  two-story  house,  over  in  the  new  addition  lo 
the  town  of  Baresville,  which  town  was  called 
"Dugout."  Father  and  his  friends  finished 
this  two-stoi-y  house,  which  is  standing  today 
in  a  good  state  of  preservation.  I  visited  this 
house  about  seven  years  ago,  and  said  to  the 
lady,  the  owner,  who  was  a  little  schoolgirl 
^vhen  I  left  the  town,  that  I  wanted  a  souvenir 
from  the  old  house  where  our  family  lived  for 
11  years.  She  said:  "Milton,  take  a  piece  of 
wenlherboarding  ofl'  the  house."     I   then  and 


\  *!l  .*«»  .H  IK'- 


Cut  No.  94— Cross-cut  sawing  with  fatln 


would  keep  all  the  money,  or  at  least  enough 
stored  away  in  an  old  woolen  sock  until  the 
Williams  brothers  began  to  get  wise  from  in- 
formation given  them  b.y  my  mother.  Mother 
kept  telling  the  brothers  that  Dougherty  was 
stealing.  No,  they  were  so  wrapped  up  in  the 
good  Methodist  Dougherty  that  they  couldn't 
listen  to  ii:;  and  finally  they  woke  np  one 
morning  with  Dougherty  and  his  household 
goods  missing,  the  money  missing,  and  the 
W^illiams  ]?rothei"3  left  with  the  property  on 
their  hands  without  any  funds.  Not  being 
financiers,  and  thej^  being  heavily  indebted  for 
goods  which  thej^  had  purchased,  and  supplies 
ivhich  they  had  purchased  for  the  steam  mill, 
soon  their  creditors  came  upon  them  and  closed 


iliere    exti-acted    a    piece    of    poplar    weather- 
i^oarding,  which  I  have  in  my  ease  of  souvenirs. 

HELPING   :\[Y  FATHER    SAW   LOGS 

Cut  No.  94  shows  an  incident  that  I  can  well 
call  to  mind  when  we  lived  at  Baresville,  ilon- 
roe  County,  Ohio.  After  the  bankruptcy  pro- 
ceedings of  the  old  Franklin  mill  and  after 
Uncle  Joseph  and  Uncle  Samuel  Williams  had 
gone  to  work  at  their  trades,  father  not  hav- 
ing a  trade,  lie  did  whatever  his  hands  found 
to  do,  and  upon  one  certain  occasion  he  went 
up  the  river  to  a  run;  in  that  country  today 
any  small  stream  of  running  water  is  called  a 
"run."     In     the      State      of     Ohio,     up     to 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


this  yoar  in  ilarch,  1918,  little  sti-eams  are 
called  "runs."  If  I  mistake  not,  this  place  in 
the  woods  where  the  rvm  or  water  ran  down 
to  the  Ohio  River,  I  think  up  to  this  present 
writing-  that  it  is  called  Glen's  Run.  Father 
went  into  the  woods  to  cut  timber,  as  he  was 
very  handy  with  his  axe  and  a  cross-cut  saw. 
He  might  have  been  cutting  timber  to  split  for 
palings,  or  it  may  have  been  for  shingles,  or 
possibly  clapboards  for  some  of  the  neighbors. 
I  was  so  small  that  I  wa">  not  tall  enough  to 
guide  my  end  of  the  saw  from  the  ground 
when  starting  in  to  cut  the  tree  into  lengths 
so  that  he  would  build  up  a  pile  of  juggles, — ■ 
and  I  liave  had  the  tri;il  of  my  life  getting  my 
engraver  to  nndoi'sland  what  a  juggle  was. 
It  is  true  they  understand  how  to  juggle  on 
Wall  Street  in  New  York,  but  that  is  juggling 
of  accounts,  juggling  of  finances,  but  what  is 
a  wooden  juggle?  Part  of  a  tree.  In  liewing 
stjuare  timber  in  the  wood;?  they  first  cut  the 
round  portion  in  as  far  as  the  log  will  sqiTare 
into  juggles,  split  ofi:"  the  juggles,  then  score 
find  hew  to  the  line,  allowing  the  chips  to  fall 
v.-hero  they  may.  Upon  this  occasion  he  had 
])'.-ob;!bly  licen  getting  out  what  is  known  as 
hewn  timber,  and  so  he  used  the  juggles  for 
mc  to  stand  upon  to  help  guide  the  saw.  I 
may  have  been  at  this  time  nine  years  of  age. 
I  was  of  very  little  help,  I  imagine,  but  there 
were  two  objects:  cne  was  to  help  all  that  I 
could,  and  the  other — more  valuable  one — was 
that  of  teaching  me  industry,  so  I  was  taught 
the  rudiments  of  industi'v,  really  in  an  early 
pioneer  life,  and  I  attrilnite  my  longevity  to- 
day to  my  early  I'ugged  ti'aining.  Few  men 
have  passed  through  the  strenuous  vicissitudes 
of  life  that  I  have — not  so  much  of  manual 
labor,  but  strain  upon  my  nervous  system ;  yet 
I  am  today,  though  in  my  72nd  year  and  the 
11th  year  of  an  attack  of  diabetes,  e(|ual  to 
any  emergency  which  comes  up.  There  are  so 
many  biisiness  reverses,  so  many  trials  in  a 
business  life,  and  the  way  to  look  out  for  the 
breakers  is  not  to  expect  too  much,  not  drive 
your  stake  100  miles  in  advance,  and  back  off 
that  distance  with  a  string  tied  to  the  stake, 
expecting  to  walk  up  to  it  as  you  advance  in 
life,  and  not  meeting  any  cross  roads,  or  any 
bypaths  or  any  snares,  as  you  certainly  will. 
Many  rosy  propositions  loom    up    before  you 


and  you  bite  before  you  know  it.  and  many 
times  comes  a  reverse ;  but  when  it  comes  take 
it  philosophically,  expect  that  it  will  come  be- 
fore it  does  come,  be  on  the  lookout  for  it, — 
and  without  all  such  guidance,  you  will  be  sure 
to  walk  into  the  trap  before  it  is  discovered. 
Few  boys  at  nine  years  of  age  ever  helped 
Iheir  father  to  operate  a  two-hand  sawmill,  as 
M.  F.  Williams  did  in  his  boyhood  days. 

MY  APPRENTICESHIP   WITH  UNCLE 
SAMUEL 

When  my  Uncle  Samuel  was  repaii-ing  Pol- 
lock's mill  just  before  the  rebellion  broke  out, 
I  was  serving  my  apprenticeship  with  him  and 
worked  with  him  on  this  mill,  I  think  in  1860, 
as  it  was  finished  just  before  the  war  began. 
In  one-half  of  the  building  was  Pollock's  mill 
and  the  other  half  was  leased  to  a  brewer  for 
brewing  ale.  However,  the  ale  brewer  did 
not  seem  to  be  successful.  The  business  was 
abandoned  in  later  years,  and  hundreds  of 
kegs  of  ale  were  left  in  the  basement.  When 
I  had  grown  to  manhood,  and  was  learning  my 
trade,  Moss  Can-old,  another  apprentice,  and 
myself  frequently  had  business  down  in  the 
basement.  We  would  take  a  brace  and  screw 
bit,  bore  a  hole  in  the  head  of  a  barrel  or  half 
barrel  and  bore  another  air  hole  in  the  top  of 
the  barrel  near  the  bung,  and  the  li(|uid  did 
not  know  yny  better  than  to  run  out  into  a  tin 
bucket.  What  happened  to  it  after  that,  the 
deponent  Siiyeth  not. 

Ill  tile  past  20  or  2.5  years,  when  I  could  stop 
at  Wheeling  on  my  way  to  Pittsburg  and  the 
East,  I  would  visit  the  old  place  where  the 
mill  stood.  The  last  few  times  I  passed 
through  I  found  it  occupied  by  a  dry  goods 
store, — possibly  a  wholesale  calico  house, 
which  calico  was  woven  and  colored  by  Steifel. 
This  family  of  Steifel  originally  came  from 
Germany,  and  members  of  it  settled  in  Wheel- 
ing, W.  Va.,  also  in  Pittsburg  and  Alleghany 
City;  but  in  Wheeling  they  make  calico.  They 
made  the  famous  Dutch  Blue,  made  polka  dot 
and  many  other  brands.  These  Steifels  are 
all  related  to  the  Steifels  of  St.  Louis  and  also 
to  the  Cammerers  at  St.  Louis.  In  Alleghany 
City  the  Steifels  are  tanners. 


(:i)    SAMUEL 


Cut  No.  89 — Uncle  Samuel  B.  Williams  and  Fami 


THE  WILLIAMS  HISTORY 


UNCLE  SAMUEL  B.  WILLIAMS  AND  FAMILY. 


1.     Samuel  B.  Williams,  born  March  27,  1827;  died  May  19,  1904. 

Ruthanna  Hampton  Williams,  born  Sept.  11,  1826;  died  Oct.  31,  1891. 

Willoughby  Leroy  Williams,  born  Feb.  14,  1851 ;  died  March  2,  1854. 

Emma  Orilla  Williams-Wells,  born  March  27,  1853.  (Married  Jos.  L.  Wells) 

Sarah  Jane  Williams,  born  Jan.  27,  1856 ;  died  Dec.  25,  1862. 
6      Mary  Ella  Williams,  born  Feb.  13,  1859 ;  died  July  2,  1860. 

7.  Joseph  Comley  Williams,  boi'n  Sept.  20,  1861;  died  Dee.  7,  1862. 

8.  Flora  Anna  Williams,  born  Dec.  17,  1863.     (Married  Walter  L.  Williama  ) 

9.  Samuel  Mortimer  Williams,  born  Nov.  1,  1867. 


un(;le  josp:pirs  good  ne[giihors 


REVERSES     of     THE     WILLIAMS 
BROTHERS 

Returning  back  to  the  careei-  of  tiie  Wil- 
liams entei'pi'ises  at  Haresville,  Monroe  Coun- 
ty, Ohio,  now  Hannibal,  as  I  now  i-ecall.  S.  B. 
Williams  came  back  into  the  Williams  brothers 
enterprise  and  remained  with  it  until  they  lost 
the  properly  by  being  so  heavily  indebted,  and 
the  creditors  foreclosing,  which  today  to  my 
mind  would  not  have  been  necessary  had  the 
three  brothers  had  a  little  more  financiering 
qualifications.  I  feel  in  my  71st  year  that  I 
could  have  brought  the  enterprise  out  of  the 
tangle,  but  Robert  Williams,  my  father, 
moved  over  to  "Dugout"  and  finished  his 
house.  S.  B.  Williams  went  to  work  at  his 
trade — back  to  first  principles.  Uncle  Joseph 
Williams  moved  to  West  Virginia,  cast  of 
Wheeling,  took  a  position  with  a  mill  prop- 
erty, which  was  owned  by  whom  I  now  dis- 
reniembcr,  but  I  can  recall  that  in  those  days 
he  got  what  we  called  an  enormous  salary, 
$1800.00  per  .year,  which  in  those  days  was  a 
fabulous  price.  He  ran  the  mill  for  the  own- 
tr,  improved  the  property,  and  the  three  Wil- 
liams brothers,  let  it  be  said  to  their  credit, 
paid  back  every  dollar  of  indebtedness  during 
the  course  of  years  that  they  all  woi-ked  at 
their  respective  callings ;  and  when  they  re- 
turned to  the  old  stamping  ground  they  could 
look  every  man  in  the  face,  and  say  with  a 
clear  conscience  that  they  were  free  from  debt. 

This  old  Franklin  mill  at  Baresville  was  the 
only  grist  mill  within  a  radius  of  many  miles 
at  this  time — perhaps  thirty  miles.  The  resi- 
dents on  the  surrounding  hills  were  mostly 
Switzers.  The  hills  being  covered  in  the  sum- 
mer season  with  abundant  verdure,  which  was 
nutritious  to  cattle,  the  Switzers  turned  their 
attention  to  making  Switzer  cheese,  and 
shipped  hundreds  of  tons  of  this  cheese  to  the 
Wheeling  market  upon  steamboats  which  plied 
the  Ohio  river  at  this  period. 

Reverting  back  to  the  town  of  Haresville^ 
and  to  the  meager  education  which  the  writer 
received  at  Baresville,  which  was  a  common 
country  town  school, — the  advantages  were 
not  very  great,  and  while  living  at  Baresville 
my  father  did  for  an  occupation  anything  he 


could  get  to  do,  sometimes  woi-kiufr  with  his 
brother  Samuel  at  the  millwright  ti'ade  when 
they  could  find  work,  but  the  remuneration 
was  quite  limited,  as  my  Uncle  Samuel,  being 
a  most  excellent  millwright,  received  foi-  his 
sei'vioe  at  this  time  only  $2.00  per  day. 

In  the  Fall  of  the  year,  while  at  Baresville, 
mj^  father  would  make  sorghum  molasses,  as 
he  had  a  cane  mill  and  an  evaporating  pan, 
and  made  some  little  money  out  of  sorghum 
molasses.  It  was  my  duty  to  feed  the  cane 
into  the  mill,  and  I  have  scars  on  my  body 
which  I  will  carry  to  my  grave  where  I  be- 
came injured  from  the  sugar  cane, — the  out- 
side coating  when  it  is  broken  being  as  sharp 
a&  a  knife. 

I  Avish  here  to  call  attention  to  my  Uncle  Jo- 
seph Williams  and  his  exit  from  the  town  of 
Baresville.  Though  he  was  a  debtor,  his 
neighbors  all  felt  that  taking  away  the  prop- 
erty by  the  creditors  was  an  unjust  cause  and 
unjust  action.  The  creditors  did  not  disturb 
the  property  or  household  goods  of  either  my 
father  or  my  Uncle  Samuel,  but  they  did  in- 
tend to  take  away  from  Uncle  Joseph  even  his 
household  goods;  but  the  neighbors  came  in 
Ihe  night,  cleaned  out  his  premises,  each  one 
taking  a  poi-tion  of  his  furniture  to  his  own 
home  and  lading  it.  One  near  neighbor  to  my 
father,  Adam  Henthorn,  and  his  sons  rowed 
down  the  river  in  a  skiff,  four  miles,  to  Mar- 
tinsville, W.  Va.,  and  he,  Adam  Henthorn, 
there  hailed  a  steamboat  and  got  it  to  land  at 
Baresville  on  Sunday.  The  pilot  blew  the 
whistle  three  times  for  about  a  minute  or  pos- 
sibly two  minutes  at  a  time.  It  roused  the 
whole  neighborhood,  as  if  there  was  a  fire,  or 
possibly  an  invasion  from  the  enemy.  It  was 
the  largest  gathering  I  had  ever  seen  on  Sun- 
day. The  captain  of  the  steamboat  understood 
the  little  game  of  the  neighbors.  Here  came 
Sipring  wagons,  two-horse  wagons  and  ox  carts, 
with  Uncle  Joseph's  family  furniture  coming 
from  every  i|uarter,  and  carried  onto  the 
steamboat.  Their  cooking  stove, — four  men 
went  down  over  an  embankment,  where  the 
cinders  were  Avheeled  from  the  furnace  of  the 
mill,  dug  cut  the  cook  stove,  carried  it  to  the 
steamboat,  and  after  everything  belonging  to 
Uncle  Joseph's   family  was   stored   upon   the 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


boat,  he  and  his  family  wont  upon  tlie  hur- 
ricane deck  of  the  boat,  and  the  pilot  blew 
three  niore  loud  blasts  of  the  whistle.  Uncle 
Joseph  removed  his  hat, — I  can  see  him  right 
this  day, — and  said :  ' '  Gentlemen  and  ladies,  I 
want  to  thank  you  from  the  bottom  of  my 
heart,  every  one  of  you,  as  we  are  here,  my 
family  and  myself,  bathed  in  tears  of  thankful- 
ness to  you  for  your  cleverness.  You  have 
taken  us  completely  by  surprise,  as  we  none 
of  us  knew  anything  about  what  was  going  to 
happen."  However,  why  did  Uncle  Joseph's 
family  not  know  what  was  going  on?  They 
were  invited  by  the  neighbors  to  go  to  their 
houses  on    Saturday    night,   dividing    up    the 


of  going  into  bankruptcy.  Between  the  card- 
ing of  wool  for  the  neighbors  in  the  hilly 
country,  the  sawing  of  lumber,  the  drying  of 
lumber,  and  the  grinding  of  grist, — if  they  had 
managed  these  industries  properly, — they 
could  have  become  independent,  or  what  would 
be  termed  independent  regarding  finances  in 
ihose  days.  But  their  successors,,  successors 
and  successors — none  of  them  made  any 
money  out  of  the  business,  and  finally  the  mill 
burned  to  the  ground. 

Cut  No.  95  represents  the  old  Franklin  Mill, 
built  by  Joseph,  Samuel  and  Robert  Williams 
in  1852,  at  Baresville,  Ohio,  which  comprised  a 


family,  so  that  they  would  not  know  what  was 
going  on  at  their  own  home.  It  was  done  very 
quietly.  Even  my  father  or  his  family  did  not 
know  of  the  scheme.  But  again  I  wish  to  re- 
peat that  Uncle  Joseph  lived  in  the  country  in 
West  Virginia,  saved  from  his  salary,  and  paid 
back  his  proportion,  every  dollar,  to  the  cred- 
itors in  Wheeling  and  Pittsburg. 

Again  reverting  to  the  old  Franklin  mill, — 
had  the  brothers  remained  steadfast,  they 
could  have  earned  and  saved  money  and  paid 
back  everj'  dollar  much  sooner  than  it  was 
done,  and  .?till  retained  the  property.  The.y 
Avere  doing  a  prosperous  business  at  the  time 


grist  mill,  a  saw  mill,  a  drying  house  for  dry- 
ing lumber,  a  carding  mill  for  carding  rolls 
by  power,  for  the  community  upon  the  hills, 
where  the  rolls  were  woven  into  cloth  by  hand. 
It  was  the  duty  of  thi';  autobiographcr  to  at- 
tend what  was  called  "the  picker" — the  first 
operation  upon  handling  the  wool  and  greas- 
ing the  wool  after  it  was  picked  or  disinte- 
grated or  separated  upon  the  machine  called 
the  picker  before  going  to  the  carding  roll, 
which  of  course  operated  by  power.  The  Wil- 
liams brothers  in  those  days  in  the  fiftys, — 
two,  three,  four,  five  and  si.x., — did  what  might 
be  called  in  tho.^e  days  a  prosperous  business, 
but  they  met  with  reverses  and  had  to  go  back 


RETURN  OF  TIIK  WILLIAMS  BROTHERS 


To  first  principles,  that  of  tlieii'  Irades  as  mill- 
wrights. The  engraver  made  a  mistake  in 
drawing  these  pictures,  lie  should  have  shown 
oxen  attached  to  the  teams  instead  of  horses, 
as  in  those  days  oxen  were  plentiful,  and 
horses  were  scarce,  and  a  mule  was  seldom 
over  seen.  The  sketch  drawn  was  taken  from 
a  photograph  which  I  purchased  in  a  store  in 
Ihe  town  of  Baresville,  now  called  Hannibal, 
jn  the  j^ear  1912.  The  picture  represents  to  all 
intents  and  purposes  the  old  Franklin  Mill,  as 
it  stood  from  the  year  1852  until  perhaps  ten 
or  twelve  years  later,  when  it  was  burned,  and 
during  that  time  had  several  ownei's. 

FRENCH  BUHR  MILLSTONE 

Cut  No.  96  shows  a  section  of  a  French  buhr 


of  a,  fcri-y  boat  is  somewhat  on  the  up-to-date 
order,  as  in  my  boyhood  days  at  the  town  of 
Baresville  only  skiffs  were  used  for  ferrying 
across  the  river.  There  is  nothing  peculiar  or 
remarkabl-^  about  this  ferry  boat  except  it  is 
more  inodci-u  than  when  I  crossed  the  Ohio 
river  fi'om  the  We.st  Virginia  side  in  1851  or 
J 852.  After  an  absence  from  Bai-esville,  or 
Hannibal,  of  41  years  I  crossed  in  a  skiff;  but 
from  five  to  seven  years  later  I  again  crossed 
to  Hannibal  in  this  same  gasoline  launch  which 
is  represented  by  Cut  No.  97,  and  which  launch 
was  operated  by  a  grandson  of  David  Null, 
the  old  Baresville  blacksmith  and  horseshoer, 
and  if  I  mistake  not,  the  tall  man  to  be  seen 
standing  upon  the  ferry  boat  with  his  right 
arm  akimbo  is  the  grandson  referred  to. 


Frencfj  Butjr  Mi//5forfe 

Cut   No.   96 — An   old   millstone 


millstone  which  has  its  own  history,  written 
by  my  Unele  Samuel  many  years  ago  from  his 
memory,  which  history  itself  is  worth  reading. 
"When  I  was  in  Baresville,  in  the  year  1900, 
seeing  a  portion  of  this  French  buhr  millstone 
lying  upon  the  site  where  the  old  mill  stood,  I 
induced  Wm.  Bare  Jr.,  now  in  his  75th  year, 
to  box  lip  a  section  and  send  it  to  me  by  ex- 
press, which  he  did.  (See  later  in  this  his- 
tory for  the  account  of  this  millstone  and  its 
usefulness.) 

Cut  No.  97  shows  a  ferry  boat  at  Baresville, 
Ohio  (now  called  Hannibal).  This  small  ferry 
boat  is  operated  by  a  gasoline  launch,  except 
at  such  times  as  the  river  is  frozen  in  the  win- 
ter season   and  blocked   with   ice.     This   style 


RETURN  OF  THE   WILLIAMS  BROTHERS 

Joseph  Williams  left  Baresville  several  years 
before  Robert  and  Samuel  left,  and  never  re- 
turned; but  after  his  career  in  West  Virginia 
he  moved  to  Bridgeport,  Ohio,  and  in  after 
years  the   ether  two  followed. 

When  all  three  of  the  brothers  got  back  to 
the  same  place,  two  of  them,  Joseph  and  Sam- 
uel, worked  at  their  trade  as  millwrights,  and 
my  father  Robert  moved  onto  a  few  acres  of 
ground  which  he  purchased  after  selling  his 
home  in  Baresville,  and  lived  on  this  ground 
or  homestead  his  remaining  days,  and  died  in 
his  94th  year  in  1903. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


ALEXAXDER    VOEGTLY 

When  I  went  back  to  Ohio  to  my  father's 
funeral  I  went  down  to  Baresville  (now  called 
Hannibal),  after  having  been  away  41  years, 
going  down  in  a  steam  railroad  train  opposite 
Hannibal,  to  a  little  station  in  Frank  Wil- 
liams' corn  field,  and  being-  fei'ried  across  the 
river  in  a  skiff  by  a  man  whose  iather  I  had 
known  when  he  was  a  boy,  and  going  up  the 
old  wharf  and  passing  by  the  millsite  of  the 
old  Franklin  Mill,  I  there  saw  lying  in  a  group 


and  souvenirs,  to  remember  the  old  Franklin 
Mill  by.  The  last  time  I  was  at  Hannibal, 
which  was  five  or  six  years  ago,  I  took  my 
eldest  sister,  Jane  E.  Williams,  down  to  Bares- 
ville, and  we  visited  the  friends  of  William 
Bares'  family;  he,  William  Bare,  long  since 
having  deceased,  but  the  family  now  remain- 
ing are  one  of  the  brothers  from  old  Jacob 
Bare,  who  was  the  founder  of  Baresville,  and 
owned  many  hundred  acres  of  land  originally 
in  and  around  the  town  of  Baresville.  Jacob 
Bare  being  an  early  pioneer,  gave  to  each  of 


three  or  four  pieces  of  French  buhr  millstone. 
On  making  inquiry,  I  found  it  was  the  remains 
of  a  corn  stone  grinder  which  had  been  oper- 
ated in  the  mill  by  my  father  and  his  brothers 
during  their  administration  as  mill  owners, 
and  by  their  successors.  From  the  effects  of 
the  fire,  these  French  buhr  millstones  fell  apart 
and  were  destroyed,  and  I  wishing  a  souvenir 
from  the  old  Franklin  Mill,  got  William  Bare, 
an  old  acqu.aintanee,  to  box  up  one  of  these 
pieces  of  millstone  and  send  to  me  by  express, 
which  I  now  have  in  my   collection  of  curios 


his  sons  and  daughters  a  farm  bordering  on 
the  Ohio  River,  several  of  which  descendants 
are  now  remaining,  having  all  of  them  spent 
useful  and  peaceful  lives. 

On  this  occasion  vipon  taking  the  train  over 
in  Wheeling  at  the  time  my  brother,  Seth  Oli- 
ver Williams,  and  I  visited  Baresville  after  my 
father's  death,  I  noticed  an  old  man  with 
long  whiskers  pacing  back  and  forth  in  the 
passenger  coach.  I  could  not  help  Init  notice 
him,   as  his  features  were  striking,  and  when 


AN  OLD  MILLSTONE 


he  also  stopped  at  the  little  station  opposite 
Hannibal,  I  said  to  myself,  walking  down  the 
path  through  the  corn  field :  he  is  a  passengoi- 
lor  Hannibal.  Getting  into  the  skiff  to  cross 
the  river  there  were  three  of  them,  and  pres- 
ently I  said,  "Mr.,  may  I  ask  your  name!"  He 
replied,  "Certainly,  my  name  is  Alexander 
Voegtly. "  I  said,  "What,  not  Alexander  Voegt- 
ly?"  He  said,  "Yes, — who  might  you  be?"  I 
replied,  "I  might  be  President  MeKinlcy,  but 
T'm  not."  I  shook  hands  with  him  and  said, 
"Aleck,  try  and  guess  who  I  am."  He  did  try 
but  he  failed.  I  then  replied,  "Did  you  ever 
know  Bub  Williams?"  "Oh,  Lord,"  he  re- 
marked, "Bub  Williams,  the  little  boy  Bub 
Williams.  I  certainly  do  remember  Bub  Wil- 
liams. Bub,  where  do  you  live?"  I  replied, 
"St.  Louis,  Aleck;  where  do  you  live!"  And 
he  said,  "Marion,  Ind."  I  said,  "I  have  been 
there."  Then  I  asked,  "Aleck,  what  are  you 
doing?"  He  replied,  "I  am  with  So-and-So 
Olass  Co.,  selling  glassware."  I  further  stat- 
ed, "Aleck,  they  arc  crushing  their  cuUet  with 
a  Williams  ci-ushcr. "  He  said,  "Can  it  be 
possible?"  My  answer  was,  "Aleck,  anything 
is  possible  with  a  Williams  crusher. ' '  He  said, 
"Your  name  is  Milton,  isn't  it?  Well,  Milton, 
do  you  know  who  is  rowing  this  skiff?"  "Of 
coiirse  not,"  T  said.  "Why,  he  is  David  Null's 
youngest  son,^David  Null,  the  blacksmith." 
He  further  remarked,  "That  girl  in  the  stern 
of  the  skiff,  she  iz  my  youngest  brother's 
daughter."  Then  I  remarked,  "Alexander 
Voegtly,  it  is  .just  41  years  since  I  left  Bares- 
ville,  and  many  things  could  have  happened  in 
40  years."  In  the  evening  of  this  day  my 
Brother  Oliver  and  myself  went  back  to 
AVhecling.  During  the  day  we  had  quite  a 
visit  among  old  landmarks.  We  went  to  the 
cemetery  where  my  sister  Harriet  wai  buried 
who  died  in  her  fiftli  year  of  diphtheria  in 
spite  of  the  efforts  of  Dr.  Bcycc  to  save  her, 
but  net  a  mark  remained  of  her  renting  place. 
It  was  during  this  visit  that  I  came  across  the 
pieces  of  French  buhr  and  got  William  Bare 
to  box  up  a  piece  of  it  and  send  to  me  at  St. 
Louis.  After  I  returned  to-  St.  Louis  from 
this  trip,  I  wrote  my  Uncle  Samuel  at  Mar- 
tin's Ferry,  Ohio,  in  reference  to  this  stone, 
nnd  he  replied  as  follows: 


HISTORY   OF   AN    OLD    MILLSTONE 

"Now,  the  history  connected  with  this  mill- 
.■■■.tone  or  buhr  block  is  peculiai',  and  stai'ts  back 
near  1800,  for  it  was  near  that  date  that  the 
millstone  containing  this  block  was  placed  in 
Burden  Stanton's  Mill  on  Glen's  Run,  not  a 
mile  below  'our  cabin.'  Just  how  long  it  was 
in  use  I  cannot  tell,  but  it  was  until  the  mill 
with  its  machinery  was  swept  down  to  the 
Ohio  River,  where  the  millstone  remained  sub- 
merged until  1840.  Being  found  by  some  boys 
who  wanted  salvage,  they  took  it  to  Jesse 
Lantz  of  Wheeling,  who  kept  it  on  hand,  not 
finding  any  one  green  enough  to  buy  it  until 
J  853,  when  the  Williams  Brothers  built  a  mill 
at  Baresville,  and  they  thought  they  saw  suc- 
cess in  that  millstone  and  bought  it.  Now 
there  is  but  little  more  interesting  truthful 
history  connected  with  that  millstone.  It  must 
be  borne  in  mind  that  this  millstone  was  in 
use  night  and  day  for  a  long  time  in  the  Bares- 
ville Mill,  and  was  run  at  a  high  rate  of  speed 
(212  revolutions  per  minute).  The  writer  re- 
members the  day  very  well  when  it  was 
thought  a  higher  rate  of  speed  would  do  more 
grinding,  so  a  speed  of  220  revolutions  was 
tried,  and  proved  to  be  enough  to  burst  the 
upper  stone  in  a  great  many  pieces.  As  there 
were  about  115  people  standing  around  wait- 
ing for  their  grinding,  it  has  always  been  con- 
sidered that  some  of  them  broke  the  record 
for  quick  time  in  getting  out  of  that  mill,  and 
it  has  always  been  a  wonder  to  the  writer  that 
he  took  time  himself  to  see  how  fast  others 
were  gohig  to  get  away  from  that  locality." 

This  William  Bare  who  boxed  up  the  buhr 
stone  for  me  was  a  grandson  of  Old  Gi-and- 
father  Bare,  a  Pennsylvania  Dutchman,  A\ho 
founded  the  town  of  Baresville,  raised  a  lii^;;- 
family,  got  possession  of  a  very  large  farm,  and 
afterwards  divided  it  amongst  his  children.  He 
was  considered  the  wealthiest  man  in  the 
town  of  Baresville  at  the  time  of  his  death. 
During  the  eleven  years  that  I  lived  at  Bares- 
ville I  went  to  school  in  the  winter,  and  in 
the  summer  did  whatever  I  could  get  to  do, 
rs  there  were  practically  no  industries  in 
Baresville.  A  blacksmith  shop,  a  post  office, 
the    old    Franklin    Mill,    a   few    stores    and    a 


THE     WILLIAMS     HISTORY 


Avagon-maker's  shop,  just  about  constituted 
the  industries.  When  an  opportunity  arose  I 
helped  my  father  clear  away  a  eoal  bank  upon 
William  Rare's  hill. 

OUR  FAMILY  LIFE   IN  BARESVILLE. 

Cut  No.  98  is  an  illustration  of  a  boy  be- 
tAveen  the  ages  of  7  or  8  years,  going  to  the 
grocery  for  his  mother  at  Baresville,  Ohio,  as 
in  our  town  called  Dugout  there  were  no 
stores.  It  was  necessary  to  go  over  to  the 
I'lain  town,  either  b.v  going  around  l)y  the  old 
Williams  mill  across  the  bridge,  which  crossed 
a  creek,  or  by  crossing  Bare's  Meadow  when 
the  river  was  low,  which  was  a  cut-otf  and 
near  way  to  the  main  town.     In  the  year  1903 


l)ell  which  could  be  heard  for  miles  in  the 
quiet  woods.  Upon  one  special  occasion  we 
had  a  dappled  cow,  a  young  heifer,  which  did 
Jiot  come  home  and  which  we  could  not  find. 
After  Inniting  several  weeks,  some  one  of  the 
famil.v  or  neighborhood  ran  across  what  was 
called  a  "slide"  in  the  hills,  or  in  the  hilly 
land,  after  a  Avet  weather  spring.  This  young 
heifer  had  become  mired  and  could  not  get 
out  of  thi;  slide  and  starved  to  death. 

My  sister,  Mary,  and  myself  would  go  after 
the  cattle  Avhich  would  stray  aAvay  in  the 
woods  au'l  ]iot  come  home  at  night.  We 
Avould  go  to  the  neighbors  to  get  apples  and 
carry  them  in  sacks  and  baskets  for  a  mile  or 
two.     In    berry   time  Ave   Avent  blackberrying. 


Cut  No.  98 — M.  F.  Williams  going  to  the  grocery  store  at  the  age  of  eight  years 
Baresville,  Ohio 


I  Avas  Inick  at  Baresville,  after  having  been 
gone  from  there  41  years,  and  I  found  a  good 
sideAvalk  and  roadAvay  made  across  Bare's 
MeadoAv  as  used  to  l)e,  past  Bare's  old  brick 
yard,  over  to  the  main  town,  Avhich  shortened 
the  route  very  materiall.y. 

Cut  No.  99.  Hunting  Cows.  The  only  pas- 
ture Ave  had  for  our  cattle,  and  Ave  usually 
kept  tAvo  to  three,  Avas  the  Avoods  upon  the 
hills  above  the  toAvn  of  Baresville,  Avhich  hills 
Avere  numerous  and  very  extensive.  Fre- 
quently our  cattle  Avould  lay  out  at  night  along 
Avith  all  the  neighbors',  almost,  in  that  little 
toAvn;  then  it  was  the  duty  of  the  children 
to  go  into  the  forest  and  hunt  the  cattle,  one 
of  AA^hieh  generally  Avas  embellished  by  a  coav 


and  Avhcn  I  was  a  little  older  I  Avorked  one 
season  with  Chas.  O'Neal  at  ploAving  corn  for 
old  Grandfj.ther  Bare. 

At  our  respective  ages  of  about  7  and  9,  my 
sister  Mary  and  myself  Avere  allotted  by  father 
ahvays  the  task  of  raising  sugar  cane ;  and 
Avhen  Ave  failed  properly  to  look  after  the 
farming  of  sugar  cane  father  generally  took 
a  hand  in  raising  a  little  cane  himself.  The 
illustratioit.  No.  100,  represents  U3  hoeing 
sugar  cane.  The  same  lot  Avas  devoted  each 
year  to  hoeing  sugar  cane.  Later  on  Avill  be 
illustrated  M.  F.  grinding  sugar  cane  near 
Bridgeport,  Belmont  Cotint.v.  Ohio,  Avhere 
father  and  my  sister  Jane  did  the  boiling  and 
clarifying    and    reducing    into    syrup.      Each 


OUR  LIKK  AT  HAHKSVILLE 


meinhci'  of  tlio  l;iiiiil\'  luui  tlicir  own  duties  1o 
perform;  the  elder  ji'ii'ls  tlid  the  house  work 
and  otlier  domestic  duties. 

In  my  earliest  days  I  had  a  teiuleney  to  he 
industrious,    but    thinkini;'    seriimsly    over    luy 


illustration  shows  a  hoy  and  a  iiirl  in  a  hoat, 
to  illustrate  tiie  time  that  .Mary  Jxiuisa 
thoug-ht  shi>  kiH'W  hettei-  than  I  did  and  let  the 
largest  fish  that  I  had  ever  eau-ht  -ict  away. 
In  this  partieular  ease  I  thouizht  I  had  a  whale 


Cut  No.  99 — Milton  and  Sister  Mary  L.  hunting  cows  at   Earesville.   Monroe  Co.,   Oliio 


Baresville  career  I  believe  I  enjoyed  most 
going  over  to  William  Bare's  and  loafing  with 
the  boys.  However,  during  the  fishing  season 
I  was  very  fond  of  fishing.  The  accompanying 
illustration  shows  my  sister  and  myself  in  the 


on  the  line  and  I  was  very  much  excited.  My 
sister  Mary,  being  two  years  older,  said,  "Mil- 
ton, let  me  get  the  fish,"  and  I  being  tlie 
younger  had  to  give  up.  Mary  got  hold  of 
the  line,  but  in  pulling  it  in  the  fish  got  loose 


Cut   No    100— Milton 

boat  taking  fish  from  a  trout  line..  (Cut  No. 
101.)  This  is  a  fishing  line  attached  to  a  stake 
on  shore  with  a  stone  tied  to  the  outer  end, 
and  short  fishing  lines  attached  about  4  foot 
apart  to  the  main  line  which  is  thrown  out,  or 
Letter  still,  is  pulled  out  by  a  boat,  and  an- 


Mar^    L    hoc  ng  sugar  cane 

from  the  line  and  dropped  back  into  the  river 
as  happy  as  a  lark,  while  I  was  left  the  saddest 
of  them  all.  My  heart  was  almost  broken,  as 
my  greatest  fish  story  had  been  spoiled.  Had 
I  had  at  that  time  a  fishing  gaff  as  illustrated 
herewith   (Cut  No.  102),  and  as  used  at  the 


THE     WILLIAMS     HISTORY 


present  day,  we  could  have  gotten  the  fish  on 
board  alright.  I  recollect  that  I  made  use  of 
several  adjectives  which  are  not  recorded  in 
Sunday  School  books.  Had  we  had  a  gaff  we 
could  have  used  it  on  the  fish  that  was  strug- 
gling in  the  water  and  secured  it.  However, 
1he  best  laid  plans  of  mice  and  men  "gang 
aft  aglee." 


Baresville,  Monroe  County,  Ohio,  when  the 
three  Williams  brothers  joined  hands  and 
built  the  Franklin  Mills,  grist  and  saw  mill, 
dry  house  and  wool  carding  establishment  for 
the  people  adjacent  thereto.  The  leanto  to 
the  left  is  one  built  by  Uncle  S.  B.  Williams, 
and  that  was  his  domicile  adjoining  our  house 
at  Baresville,  until  the  date  of  the  .fire,  when 


Cut   No.   101 — Milton  and  Sister  Mary   L.   fishing  with  a  trout 


Cut  No.  103.  Picking  Stone.  One  of  father's 
most  religious  duties  Avas  to  have  his  elder 
son,  along  with  one  of  the  girls,  principally 
Mary  L.,  pick  stone  off  of  our  little  lot.  It 
seemed  to  ns  in  those  days  that  we  picked 
stone  enough  to  build  a  dam  across  the  Ohio 
river.  Illustration  No.  103  shows  us  picking 
stone  on  our  little  lot  of  one  acre,  and  I  think 


this  house  burned  to  the  ground  and  left  both 
families  without  a  home.  My  eldest  sister, 
Jane  E.  Williams,  was  ironing  clothes  when  a 
spark  fell  from  the  kitchen  stovepipe  and 
someone,  I  disremember  who  it  was,  one  of 
'.he  sisters  and  perhaps  mother,  did  the  best 
Ihey  could  in  trying  to  throw  water  upon  the 
kitchen  roof,  and  sister  Jane  remarked,   "O, 


A  FiSHINB  UAFF 

Cut  \o    102 — \   fishing  gntt 


we  gathered  stone  to  the  extent  that  none  was 
left  except  about  the  size  of  a  three-cent  piece. 

Cut  No.  104  is  a  copy  of  a  dagueri'eotype  of 
my  sister  Mary  L  and  myself,  taken  about  1857, 
Avhen  we  were  13  and  11  respectively,  by  a 
traveling  photographer  who  came  down  the 
river  in  a  flat  boat. 

Cut   No.    105    represents    our   first    home    in 


don't,  mother,  don't,  Hannah,  throw  water. 
It's  getting  upon  my  clothes  which  I  am  iron- 
ing." It  wasn't  long  until  the  neighbors  came 
and  helped  carry  out  bedding  and  furniture, 
and  two  Dutchmen  neighbors  got  something 
fast  in  the  front  door,  some  piece  of  furniture, 
and  blocked  the  way  for  quite  a  while. 
Though  I  was  very  young,  I  remember  of  my 
mother  and  sister  Jane  telling  about  it  vears 


MAKY  LOUISA  AND  THE  AUTHOR 


afterwards,  but  the  l)uil(linR  biii'iied  to  the 
ground  ami  I  aiu  sorry  that  I  have  no  evidence 
of  where  we  moved.  The  neighbors  took  us  in 
temporarily,  but  as  we  had  no  other  home  at 


Fi'anklin  mill  stood  upon  the  I'ivoi-  l)ank  to 
the  left.  The  fence  in  front  shows  the  main 
street  in  Barcsville,  and  to  the  right  an  alley, 
or  in  those  days  called  a  lane.     This  lane  led 


Cut  No    103 — Picking  stone  in  our  cornfitld 


that    time,    we    must    have    found    temporary 
homes. 

Later  on,  perhaps  in  two  ,years,  Ijotli  moved 
over  to  "Dugout,"  or  what  would  be  termed 


down  to  lower  ground  where  ran  a  creek  close 
by  the  mill  and  flowed  into  the  Ohio  River. 
The  fence  enclosed  all  the  Williams  pi'operty, 
and  close  by  was  another  house  similar  in  con- 
struction, Avherc  my  L^ncle  Jos.  AVilliams  and 


toda.y  a  "western  addition,"  and  both  built 
new  homes.  Cut  No.  105  is  drawn  from  my 
memory  of  our  first  home  in  Baresville.  The 
river  was  to  the  left  of  the  picture,  and  the 


family  lived  while  they  dwelt  at  I>aresville 
(now  called  Hannilial),  Monroe  County. 
These  recollections  are  dear  to  my  memory, 
and  I  cherish  them  beyond  description. 


THE     WILLIAMS     HISTORY 


Cut  No.  106  represents  our  second  home  in 
Baresville,  Ohio.  Our  first  home  Avas  a  frame 
house  near  the  Franklin  Mill,  and  in  the  year 
1854  it  took  fire  and  burned.    Our  Uncle  Sam- 


stories  containing  four  rooms;  adjoining  were 
two  additional  rooms  represented  by  mother 
and  one  of  her  babes,  with  the  chicks  in  the 
j'ard.     Back  of  this  house  Avas  a  porch  and  a 


iiel,  my  father's  brother,  built  a  leanto  next  to 
the  house  being  described,  and  lived  in  it  along 
with  father's  family  until  bankruptcy  oc- 
curred and  they  lost  the  Franklin  Mill.     Out 


well.  Adjoining  the  house,  to  the  right  upon 
an  elevation,  was  a  building  we  called  Father's 
Shop  or  workshop.  Underneath  was  a  cellar 
above  ground,  and  between  the  cellar  and  the 


Si  III  (Hill       I   ■     hi      PI 

Cut  No.  106 — Our  second  home  in  Baresville,  Oliio 


of  the  wreck  father  sawed  lumber  and  saved 
it  to  build  this  house  described  by  illustration 
No.  106.  In  those  days  it  was  quite  a  respect- 
able   building,    the    main    house    being    two 


kitchen  to  the  left,  where  the  woman  is  stand- 
ing, was  the  passageway  to  the  back  of  the 
house.  To  the  right  up  the  hill  was  Uncle 
Samuel's  house.     Our  premises  comprised  one 


SCJIOOLDAVS  IN   BAHE8VILLE 


acre  of  liround ;  Uncle  Saiuuers,  two  acres  of 
ground.  Oiu-  property  was  a  little  declining, 
but  Uncle  SaniueUs,  much  more  so  and  fairly 
Kteep.     Along  in  front  of  the  paling  fence  of 


honie  \v«irkiii<i'  i]i  saw  and  <ii'istiiiills  alonji'  with 
my  Uncle  Samuel,  to  eai-n  iu-ead  and  butter  for 
his  family,  and  got  for  his  service  at  this  time 
from  50  to  7o  cents  per  day  and  his  board. 


t        '' 


the  house  was  the  main  road  up  the  hill  located  Still  to  the  left  we  had  a  stable  for  our  cows, 

in  the  town  called  Dugout,  a  new  addition  laid  and  to  the  right  of  the  stable  we  had  a  sugar 

out    to    the    old    town    of    Baresville    by    old  cane  mill  with  a  shed  over  it,  and  an  adjoining 

Grandfather  Jacob  Bare.     To  the  left   of  the  shed  for  tlie  evaporating  pan  where  we  boiled 


,^^am, 


n 


Cut  No.   108— Brick  schoolhouse  in   Baresville 


paling  fence  wa ;  mother's  garden,  and  back 
of  the  house  was  the  poi'tiou  of  the  one-acre 
where  myself  and  sister  Mary  hoed  sugar 
cane  and  picked  up  stone,  which  were  tasks 
father  left  to  us   when   he   went   away   from 


down  the  sugar  cane  juices  into  molasses.  At 
that  place  many  a  time  did  the  young  folks 
come  and  have  great  sport  pulling  taify,  and 
sometimes  wrapping  it  around  each  others 
necks. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


SCHOOL  LIFE   IN  BARESVILLE 

Cut  No.  107  shows  a  schoolliouse  at  Bares- 
ville,  Ohio.  A  recent  letter  from  Wm.  Bare 
in  his  seventy-fifth  year  states,  that  as  near  as 
he  can  remember,  the  old  school  house  where 
Uncle  Samuel  taught  school  was  a  ramshackle 
one-story  building  about  24x24  feet,  where  I 
got  my  first  schooling  in  Baresville.  This  is  a 
sketch  of  the  old  building,  which  is  photo- 
graphed vividly  in  my  mind  along  with  my 
first  actual  school  days.  This  school  house 
was  in  Fakely's  lot.  These  people  were  Ger- 
mans and  the  proper  name  was  Voegtly.  Not 
very  far  from  their  garden  and  barn  yard,  the 
last  time  I  was  at  Baresville,  now  called  Han- 
nibal, the  old  Fakely  brick  house  was  still 
standing  intact. 

Cut  No.  108  representfj  the  next  step  in 
Baresville  education  and  the  school  house. 
This  one  was  brick,  and  of  some  pretensions. 
We  hereby  represent  a  cut  of  the  building 
drawn  from  memory.  I  also  wrote  to  Wm. 
Bare  to  help  me  to  describe  it,  but  he  says  my 
recollection  of  it  is  much  better  than  his  own. 
This  brick  building  had  a  gable  roof  fronting 
the  road,  but  in  the  front  of  the  school  house 
were  two  entrances-the  right  hand  side  for  the 
boys,  the  left  hand  side  for  the  girls ;  and  out 
facing  the  road  was  the  coal  house.  In  front 
of  the  front  fence  and  the  school  house  was  a 
pla.y ground  where  the  boys  indulged  in  play- 
ing bullpen  ball-one  each  on  four  corners,  and 
one  in  the  center  called  the  bull-pen.  The  boys 
would  toss  the  ball  fi'oiii  one  to  the  other  en 
the  corners  and  without  notice  one  would  take 
great  pleasure  in  trying  to  hit  the  man  in  the 
center  with  the  ball,  and  if  he  got  struck  then 
he  M-ould  have  to  take  his  place  on  the  corner. 
and  the  one  hitting  him  get  in  the  bull-pen.  It 
was  my  province  to  try  to  be  the  artful  dodger, 
and  I  still  imagine  to  this  day  tliat  I  could 
excel  any  of  the  boys  in  dodging  the  ball.  I 
would  do  it  by  jumping  to  one  side,  by  doub- 
ling up,  by  falling  upon  the  ground  flat,  or 
always  making  the  move  which  they  did  not 
expect,  and  at  this  juncture  I  can  truthfully 
state  that  bull-pen  ball  was  the  only  sport  T 
ever  enjoyed  in  my  whole  career  except  skat- 
ing. My  father  taught  mc  to  skate-not  upon 
my  ear,  nor  upon  my  posterior,  but  upon  my 


feet  and  the  skates-as  father  was  a  good 
skater.  At  the  right  side  of  the  school  house 
Avas  a  declivity.  At  the  corner  of  the  fence 
near  the  new  road  running  up  the  hill  past  the 
new  cemetery,  the  boys  would  knock  the 
boards  off  so  they  could  get  out  into  the  fields 
to  play,  or  in  the  summer  time  hunt  crawfish 
in  the  little  run,  which  ran  down  not  far  from 
the  school  house  from  the  hills  above.  It  was 
here  in  this  school  house  that  I  recall  a  teacher 
by  the  name  of  Winnett,  another  Benson 
O'Neal,  another  a  Scotchman,  by  the  name  of 
John  Moore,  from  whom  I  learned  more  prac- 
tical traits  of  life  from  his  almost  daily  lectures 
to  the  scholars  about  politeness.  He  taught  us 
how  to  walk  and  how  to  turn.  This  was  in  the 
year  of  '5fi  or  '58,  and  certainly  such  etiquette 
was  an  advanced  idea  to  ns  country-town 
scholars.  It  was  in  this  brick  school  house 
that  I  went  to  writing  school,  took  24  lessons 
and  learned  more  about  the  Spencerian  sj^stem 
than  I  have  ever  learned  before  or  since,  as 
writing  came  naturally  to  me  and  I  took  the 
premium,  so  the  school  master  said,  but  I  did 
not  receive  said  premium-and  have  been  pa- 
tiently waiting  for  it  ever  since. 

Acrosj  the  road  lived  an  old  German  by  the 
name  of  Cass,  who  ran  a  cooper  shop.  He  made 
tight  work,  or  tight  barrels.  Just  what  they 
wore  used  for  I  am  not  sure  or  where  he  found 
his  market,  as  there  were  no  distilleries  in  that 
neighborhood.  It  is  possible  that  he  may  have 
shipped  his  barrels  to  Wheeling.  I  have  since 
learned  through  Wm.  Bare,  Jr.,  in  his  seventy- 
fifth  year  that  Joe  Cass  lives  in  Cleveland. 
What  business  he  is  engaged  in  I  do  not  knoAV. 
He  has  three  sons  who  follow  the  vocation  of 
mechanics.  It  was  at  Cass's  well  tliat  we  went 
to  get  drinking  water  for  the  school. 

TRAITS    OF    CHARACTER    AND    HABITS. 

I,  Milton  F.  Williams,  never  learned  to  play 
cards.  I  did  not  like  them.  Not  even  civil  and 
innocent  games,  not  even  the  game  of  euchre. 
While  men  of  my  age  in  younger  manhood 
tried  to  teach  me  the  game  euchre,  I  took  no 
interest  in  it-cared  nothing  for  it.  Upon  one 
occasion,  in  Muscatine,  Iowa,  in  1869,  being 
out  of  employment,  a  .young  man  with  whom 
I  associated  tried  to  teach  me  to  play  billiards. 


EARLY  LITERARY  EFFORTS 


I  managod  to  get  through  one  game,  and  I  said 
to  him:  "William,  that's  enough,  I  will  never 
try  it  again."  As  to  chewing  and  smoking,  I 
never  learned  either.  As  to  gambling,  I  never 
indulged.  Never  gambled  for  a  nickel  value  in 
my  whole  life  except  at  the  game  of  business. 
In  business  I  have  always  been  adventui'ous. 
I  have  always  been  willing  to  take  a  ventui-e 
upon  any  business  proposition  which  looked 
consistent.  As  to  buying  stock  in  mining  ven- 
tures or  outside  propositions,  I  have  always 
been  too  careful  to  venture.  I  have  always  felt 
that  I  could  best  manage  my  own  resources, 
and  if  I  had  any  surplus  outside  of  our  own 
business  (which  I  never  have  had)  I  have 
always  felt  and  yet  believe,  that  our  business 
is  of  sufficient  extent  to  become  a  sinking  fund 
for  all  of  our  resources.  While  most  people 
state  that  they  do  not  carry  all  their  eggs  in 
one  basket,  my  outside  ventures  have  been  a 
little  bank  stock  and  real  estate  which  are  gen- 
erally safe.  However,  in  later  years,  as  my 
resources  have  increased  I  have  made  a  few 
very  safe  ventures. 

MY   FIRST    LITERARY   ATTEMPT. 

Milton  F.  Williams'  essay,  which  he  first 
wrote  and  read  at  schopl  at  Baresville,  Ohio, 
on  October  16th,  1862,  just  after  his  sixteenth 
birthdaj'. 

Idleness-What  Are  We  Placed  Here  For? 

In  the  first  place,  -when  -we  are  young  wc 
should  learn  to  be  industi'ious,  learn  no  bad 
habits.  If  idle  and  learn  bad  habits  when 
yoimg,  we  are  apt  to  follow  them  when  old.  A 
good  for  nothing  boy  is  not  thought  much 
of;  he  cannot  do  anything  Avhere  he  is  known. 
He  goes  to  a  strange  place,  he  does  very  well 
for  a  while,  gains  the  confidence  of  the  people, 
and  they  think  that  he  is  a  great  fellow,  toler- 
able high,  they  think  he's  somebody,  but  at 
last  thej^  find  him  oiit  and  then  he  is  ten  times 
M'orse  than  before.  He  is  not  countenanced 
by  nobody,  he  has  no  friends  nowhere  in  the 
World.  He  first  is  lazy,  he  then  gets  to  using 
bad  words,  and  then  thinks  he  is  somebody,  so 
he  goes  on  in  bad  ways;  he  then  thinks  there 
is  some  great  Sam,  he  thinks  he  must  do  like 
great  Sam,  he  sees  him  drink  something  so  he 
must  do  the  same.    After  while  he  drinks  more. 


and  thinks  it  looks  big  to  smoke;  he  smokes 
and  then  learns  to  chew  tobacco,  thinks  he 
must  go  and  get  half-shot  because  others  do, 
sees  them  playing  cards  and  thinks  he  must 
do  the  .same. 

At  last  he  gets  drunk,  plays  cai'ds  for  money, 
he  then  thinks  he  must  do  something  else.  He 
likes  money-how  will  he  get  some  money? 
Play  cards  for  it,  gets  drunk  on  his  money ; 
his  money  is  gone,  he  cannot  get  anybody  to 
gamble  with  him,  so  he  steals  something,  sells 
it  and  gets  the  money,  gets  whiskey  with  it; 
then  sees  somebody  that  has  got  some  money — 
he  waits  to  get  a  good  chance  to  rob  the  man, 
and  when  he  gets  his  money  runs  off  and  hides, 
steals  all  he  can;  after  M'hile  gets  out  of 
money,  he  robs  some  other  person,  and  at  last 
murders  another  man,  at  last  it  is  found  out, 
the  murderer  is  at  last  hung  for  murder,  rob- 
bing, stealing  and  nearly  everything  that  a 
wicked  man  could  do.  Poor  fellow,  he  was 
born  for  no  good. 

The  End  of  Idleness,  by  Milton  F.  Williams. 

(Note:-This  essay  was  found  in  an  old  copy- 
book in  the  curio  case,  which  book  I  brought 
from  Ohio  about  5  years  ago,  and  it  is  now  58 
years  old.1 

MY   SISTER   MARY'S   LETTER 

This  lettei-  fi'om  my  sister  Mary  Louisa 
Williams  was  written  at  the  age  of  17  years  6 
months : 

October  16th,  1862. 

Milton  F.  AVilliaiiis,  Hannibal,  Ohio: 

It  is  a  very  disagreeable  thing  to  be  sick, 
or  to  be  shut  up  in  the  house.  I  would  give 
almost  any  reasonable  price  to  have  my  health 
restored  to  me  again.  Being  contented  is  the 
best  thing  for  me.  I  suppose  I  would  rather 
Avork  hard  all  day.  from  daylight  till  dark, 
any  time.  Dull  day,  no  sunshine  to  be  seen 
this  day,  fall  weather  commenced, — cool  and 
dreai-y,  short  days.  It  is  a  busy  time  in  the 
fall  Avheu  making  molasses.  Took  the  trade 
from  the  Southern  Confederacy,  make  our 
own  supply  of  molasses,  and  that  is  far  better 
than  going  to  the  South  for  their  black  dirty 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


stuff.     In  a  few  years  we  can  make   our  own 
sugar,  so  that  will  be  much  better. 

To  raise  our  own  cotton  is  impossible,  but 
we  can  raise  flax  and  they  cannot. 

There  is  mills  enough  to  grind  all  the  cane 
that  is  raised  in  the  North,  so  there  is  pans  to 
boil  all  the  juice  the  mills  can  grind,  and  they 
can  find  people  enough  to  eat  all  the  molasses 
they  can  make. 

As  the  winter  is  approaching  people's  times 
are  busy  getting  their  wheat  into  the  ground. 
Want  to  have  something  to  live  on  the  coming 


Just  writing  to  pass  the  time.     Proper  punc- 
tuation is  not  necessary  for  this  wi'iting,  if  it 
is  worth  anything  be  it  so,  and  if  not  so  say. 
— Sister  Mary  Louisa  Williams. 

MAKING  OUR  HOME  IN  BRIDGEPORT,  0. 

Our  family  moved  in  1863,  after  the  rebellion 
had  broken  out,  back  to  Belmont  County,  one 
mile  and  three  quarters  north  of  Bridgeport, 
then  on  the  old  Cadiz  Plank  Road.  The  old 
homestead  which  i-emains  is  now  occupied  by 
my  only  brother,  Seth  Oliver  Williams,  and 
his  family.  At  the  time  we  moved  to  thi.s 
locality  in   1863,   the   family   all  joined   hands 


Cut  Xo.  109— Father  and  AJ 


planting  trees  trom  Tohcph  Chandler's  farm  in  1864 


Baresville  is  one  place, — tatteling,  fighting, 
drinking,  playing  cards  and  all  kinds  of  wick- 
edness is  going  on  in  this  town.  Some  are 
leax'ing,  some  coming  in  get  tired  of  it.  De- 
ceitful peopel  are  the  most  thought  of,  the 
ones  that  can  tell  the  biggest  lies,  the  ones 
that  can  drink  the  most  whiskey,  and  swear 
the  hardest   is  the  respectable   person. 

We  leave  Baresville  for  to  seek  a  better 
place,  hope  so  it  is  between  the  hills, — they 
say  where  you  have  to  look  straight  up  to  sec 
light,  but  that  would  be  better  than  worse. 
Baresville  is  not  at  fault,  but  the  people. 


and  made  a  meager  livelihood  from  the  pro- 
ceeds of  the  few  acres  of  ground,  attending 
Wheeling  mai-ket  to  sell  our  goods. 

The  writer  of  this  sketch,  not  feeling  inclined 
to  be  a  farmer  boy,  soon  sought  other  fields  of 
action.  During  the  first  or  second  year  of 
our  career  at  this  locality,  one  of  our  neigh- 
bors, who  was  John  Weeks.  Jr.  (his  father 
being  quite  an  old  man,  owning  quite  a  respect- 
able farm  adjoining  our  home,  that  orig- 
inally belonged  to  Uncle  Johnnie  Weeks, 
whose  son  John  was  drafted  in  the  army),  pre- 
vailed upon  our  family  to  run  the  farm. 


TREA.SUKEI)  RKLH'S  USED  1?V  FATHER 


Father  ))ought  8  acres  or  8  1-4  acres  from 
Wiley  Weeks,  the  youngest  son  of  Old  Uncle 
Johnny  Weeks,  and  paid  i|i800.00  therefor. 
Later  on  he  added  a  small  piece  of  land,  about 
J  of  an  acre,  from  that  of  Benjamin  Anderson, 
a  neighboi'  adjoining  us  on  the  east ;  later  he 
bought  another  piece  of  land  from  the  same 
Anderson  for  which  he  agreed  to  pay  $110.00, 
but  not  having  the  money  at  the  time,  he  bor- 
i-OAved  the  money  from  old  William  Brown,  a 
neighbor  who  lives  over  a  mile  away.  In  later 
yeai's  father  bought  two  more  pieces  of  land 


Fat/?er5  Spade 

Cut  No.   no— My  father's 


from  Anderson,  until  he  had  all  the  land  west 
of  the  Anderson  farm,  which  was  a  narrow 
strip  cut  off  by  the  Cadiz  Plank  Road,  so  that 
the  old  homestead  at  the  present  writing  com- 
prises 14  or  15  acres  from  which  the  remaining 
members  of  the  familj'  have  made  a  livelihood 
— market  gardening  and  small  fruit  growing 
— for  all  these  years. 

Cut  No.  109  is  an  illustration  of  ti'ee  plant- 
ing, showing  my  father  and  myself  planting 
cherry  and  apple  trees  on  our  homestead, 
which  trees  we  obtained  from  old  Uncle  Jo- 
seph Chandler's  farm. 

In  Cut  No.  109  will  be  seen  upon  the  ground 
next  to  M.  F.  Williams,  Father's  spade,  which 
will  be  shown  later  in  a  cut  by  itself,  as  almost 
worn  away  from  use  and  age.     (See  Cut  110.) 


Cut  No.  HO.  Father's  spade.  This  is  an 
exact  photograph  of  it,  which  hangs  in  our 
print  siiop  at  Broadway  and  IMontgomery 
street,  at  the  factory  of  the  Williams  Patent 
Crusher  and  Pulv.  Co.,  among  my  cui-ios.  My 
father  used  this  spade  until  it  was  almost  worn 
out  upon  his  little  farm.  I  prize  it  more  highly 
than  silver  or  gold;  it  is  more  precious  to  me 
than  diamonds.  Though  it  is  valueless  in 
dollars  and  cents,  yet  to  memory  and  feelings 
it  is  priceless. 

Here  is  represented  the  broad  axe  which 
father  did  the  hewing  with,  more  precious 
than  gold  or  rubies  to  hand  down  to  the  rising 
generations. 


Fdt//ers  Broad  Axe 


s    broad    a.xe 


Cut  No.  111.  Father's  broad  axe.  In  the 
same  line  this  broad  axe  hewed  out  the  rafters, 
the  studding,  the  joists,  the  frame  timber,  of 
our  present  house  in  Ohio,  which  we  have  de- 
scribed above  and  which  we  have  a  photograph 
of,  and  regarding  which  I  have  a  letter  in  my 
files  from  a  banker  in  Bridgeport,  Ohio,  presi- 
dent of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Bridgeport, 
Ohio,  by  the  name  of  Wm.  McComas.  In 
recalling  instances  and  happenings  around  the 
old  homestead,  in  Belmont  County,  Ohio,  in 
years  past,  when  I  was  a  young  man,  Wm. 
McComas  states  that  in  hauling  hay  to 
Wheeling  market,  he  and  his  brother  always 
returned  on  the  plank  road;  at  the  bend  in  the 
road.  Father  would  be  over  in  the  woods,  in 
John  Stuart's  woods,  hewing  out  the  frame 
timber  for  this  very  house,  and  the  IMcCom- 
as  brothers  would  throw  upon  their  empty 
hay  wagon  rack  such  of  the  frame  timber  as 
Father  would  have  ready  each  day,  and  they 
Avould  haul  up  to  our  house  free  of  charge,  as 
they  had  great  respect  for  my  father. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Cut  No.  112.  Splitting-  rails  while  helping 
young  John  Weeks  make  rail  and  paling 
fences. 

SETTING  OUT  TREES  WITH  FATHER 

We  went  over  and  dug  up  small  trees,  car- 
ried them  across  the  country  on  our  backs  and 
planted  them  ourselves,  but  many  of  them 
have  died.  When  I  go  back  to  visit  the  old 
homestead,  upon  every  turn  I  can  see  the 
handiwork  of  my  old  father,  where  he  planted 
trees  and  shrubs,  built  fences,  dug  ditches, 
made  "drains,"  as  he  called  them,  to  carry  off 
waste  water,  to  prevent  the  land  from  wash- 


self-made  people ;  they  came  from  good,  hon- 
est farmers  on  both  sides  of  the  house,  but 
small  farmers,  as  in  those  days  there  were  no 
extensive  farmers.  The  family  sold  the  rights 
to  the  coal  underlying  the  old  homestead  prop- 
erty, as  it  was  all  sold  for  miles  and  miles 
around.  The  greatest  regret  to  myself  in  go- 
ing back  to  the  old  homestead  is  to  find  that 
the  sugar  trees  on  the  lower  acre  toward 
Bridgeport  have  been  cut  away  for  firewood, 
and  no  more  maple  syrup,  which  I  prize  so 
highly,  is  made  from  them.  It  is  possible  that 
the  trees  died,  and  had  to  be  cut  up  for  wood, 
for  the  last  time  I  visited  the  homestead  the 
sugar  grove  was  a  cow  pasture. 


Cut   No    112— Milton  I     Williams  splitting 


ing.  During  his  active  lifetime  he  brought 
order  out  of  chaos  by  his  arduous  work,  but 
when  I  now  visit  the  old  homestead  I  find 
many  things  and  many  pieces  of  his  work  have 
gone  to  decay  and  faded  from  the  landscape.  It 
is  true  no  doubt  that  much  of  his  labor  has 
been  in  vain,  and  he  did  not  receive  much 
profit  therefrom;  but  from  my  father's  indus- 
trious habits  I  acquired  the  habit  of  industry, 
and  from  my  mother  frugality,  which  will  last 
throughout  my  lifetime. 

Mother  was  a  good  planner, — much  better 
than  my  father, — but  neither  of  them  had 
much  education,  as  we  call  it,  since  they  were 


OUR  FIRST  HOME  NEAR  BRIDGEPORT,  0. 

AVhen  we  purchased  the  property  of  Wiley 
Weeks  there  was  on  it  a  little  story-and-a-half 
house  built  bj^  him,  and  in  a  very  few  years 
we  added  to  it  a  two-story  house  Avith  an  ell. 
Cut  No.  113  shows  this  first  house.  This  house 
became  too  small  for  comfort,  and  we  had  to 
build  another.  My  oldest  sister  Jane  was  the 
master-mind  of  the  household  at  that  time,  and 
encouraged  father  to  build  a  new  house — in 
fact,  all  the  children  did,  including  mother. 
I  said,  Father,  I  will  help  also  to  build  a  house 
and  will  help  to  pay  for  it  after  it  is  built. 
So  we  all  chipped  in,  according  to  our  ability, 


OUR  FIRST  IIOMK  NEAR  liRIDGEPORT,  OHIO 


and  a  comfortable  and  I'cspcetahle  houso,  as 
good  as  any  in  the  locality,  was  Innlt  and  still 
stands  upon  a  foundation  of  sandstone,  which 
stone  was  (|uarried  out  of  the  hillside  or  on 
the  slope  of  our  little  farm  and  hauled  down 


LAYING    THE     FOUNDATION     FOR 
HOME  NEAR  liRIDGEPORT,  O. 


OUR 


Our    neiiihlxi 
this  work.     Th. 


Johnny    Weeks    helped    us    in 
foundation  was  built  by  stone- 


Cut  No    113— The  house  lather  bought  from  Wiley  Week 


the  hill  upon  a  stone  sled.  Cut  No.  114  shows 
my  father  and  myself  at  work  getting  out 
this  stone. 

Cut  No.  114  represents  Robt.  Williams  and 
his   son   Milton  F.   Williams,    quarrying   sand 


masons  from  Mount  Pleasant,  0.,  whom  we 
paid  at  that  time  $3.50  per  day  and  their  board 
and  lodging.  The  lumber  and  finishing  ma- 
terial was  furnished  by  the  Bagus  Planing 
Mill  at  Bridgeport,  and  Uncle  Joseph  Williams 


Cut  No.  114 — Milton  F    Wilh-inii,  and  hib  father   quirr\ing   sandstone   upon   their   little 

farm  for  a   foundation   for   the   present   residence    in   the   year   1868,   when   the 

present   house   was    built.      This    (see    Cut    No.    116,   from   photograph) 

made  in   1918,  some  fifty  years  later 


stone  to  build  the  foundation  of  the  frame 
house  above  mentioned,  as  these  sandstones 
were  quarried  upon  our  own  little  farm,  hauled 
down  the  hill  upon  a  stone  sled  by  John 
Weeks,  our  neighbor,  and  laid  in  the  wall  by 
stonemasons  from  Mt.  Pleasant. 


helped  with  the  wood  work.  In  fact,  he  built 
the  chimneys,  though  it  was  an  uncommon 
thing  for  a  millwright  to  do,  but  he  could 
build  as  good  a  chimney  as  any  bricklayer. 
In  the  course  of  time  Uncle  Joseph  was  paid 
every   dollar   due  him  for  his   service   and   so 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


was  everyone  else.  Payino'  theiv  obligations 
is  a  strong  trnit  of  character  in  onr  branch  of 
the  Williams  family. 

MY  SISTER   MARY  LOUISA 

Cut  No.  115  shows  my  sister  Mary's  picture 
at  a  time  in  life  when  she  thought  she  was 
dressed  like  a  ([ueen.  After  living  four  or  five 
years,  ujDon  the  old  Wiley  Weeks  place,  Sister 
Mary,  of  her  own  accord,  procured  a  country 
school  to  teach    at  the  old  Tan    Pelt    school 


al)ont  it  as  heing  a  waste  of  money,  as  father 
was  very  plain  in  character  and  habits  and, 
being  a  Quaker  in  religion,  he  did  not  believe 
in  making  a  show.  Sister  Mary  married,  De- 
cember 18,  1870,  John  Curtiss  Chandler,  and  is 
still  living  at  Newton,  Kans..  surrounded  by 
her  family.  If  she  lives  to  read  this  descrip- 
tion in  the  Williams  geneology,  it  will  bring  to 
her  heai-t  both  sadness  and  joy, — sadness  for 
the  remembrance  of  olden  times,  when  we  all 
had  to  struggle  so  hard  for  an  existence,  and 
ioy  to  her  lieart  because  she  was  able  to  teach 


house,  down  on  the  road  leading  towards  Mar- 
tin's Terry.  This,  however,  was  in  1870  or  71. 
I  went  to  school  to  her  myself;  so  did  my 
good  friend  Joseph  Anderson,  the  nearest 
neighbor.  At  that  time  we  were  both  young 
men.  In  the  Spring,  with  the  money  obtained 
from  teaching  school.  Sister  Mary  bought  and 
made  with  her  own  hands  and  the  help  of  her 
sisters,  what  we  all  thought  was  a  most  ele- 
gant dress  of  flowered  goods,  as  is  shown  in 
the  picture,  which  I  well  remember.  We  all 
thought  that  Sister  Mary  had  a  most  elegant 
dress,    and    poor    father    scolded    considerably 


school.  My  education, — what  little  I  had, — - 
was  finished  practically  in  this  old  frame 
school  house  that  I  think  was  called  the  "Van 
Pelt  school  house."  This  picture  was  taken 
in  Wheeling,  W.  Va.,  before  her  leaving  for 
Kansas,  where  she  taught  school  near  Marion 
Center,  and  the  man  whom  she  married,  Cur- 
tiss Chandler,  was  a  neighbor  of  ours  in  Ohio. 

A  few  weeks  ago  my  sister,  Mary  L.  Chan- 
dler, who  lives  in  Kansas,  in  looking  through 
some  old  manuscripts,  found  a  piece  of  poetry 
written  to  her  by  John  Hampton  of  Spring- 
ville,  Lynn  County,  Iowa. 


JOHN   HAMPTON'S   POEM 


TO   MARY   L.   CHANDLER 
1st  Month,  ;^i-d,  1871. 

Let  not  my  niece,  tho  now  a  wife, 

Bid  all  her  cares  adieu, 
Comfoi'ts  there  are  in  married  life 

And  there  ai'e  crosses,  too. 

I  do  not  wish  to  mar  thy  mii-th 

With  an  ungrateful  sound, 
But  know  that  perfect  bliss  on  earth 

No  mortal  ever  found. 

Thy  prospects  and  thy  hopes  are  great — 
May  Gcd  those  hopes  fulfill — 

But  thou  M'ilt  find  in  every  state 
Some  difficulty  still. 

The  rite  which  lately  joined  your  hands 

Cannot  insure  content, 
Religion  forms  the  strongest  bands 

And  love  the  best  cement. 

A  friendship  founded  on  esteem 
Life's  battering  blasts  endures — 

It  will  not  vanish  like  a  dream 
And  this,  I  hope,  is  yours. 

But  yet  you  must  God's  blessings  crave 
Nor  trust  your  youthful  hearts, 

You  must  divine  assistance  have 
To  act  the  prudent  part. 

Tho  thou  hast  left  a  parent's  wing, 

Nor  longer  ask  its  care, 
It  is  but  seldom  husbands  bring 

A  lighter  yoke  to  wear. 

They  have  their  humors  and  their  faults. 

So  mutable  is  man. 
Excuse  his  foibles  in  thy  thoughts 

And  hide  them  if  thee  can. 


No  anger  nor  I'csentinent  ki'cp 

Whatever  is  amiss. 
Be  reconciled  before  you  speak 

And  seal  it  with  a  kiss. 

Or  if  thei'e's  cause  to  reprehend, 

Do  it  with  mild  address; 
Remember,  he's  thy  nearest  friend 

And  loves  thee  ne'er  the  less. 

'Tis  not  the  way  to  .scold  at  large 
Whate'er  proud  reason  boast. 

For  they  their  duty  best  discharge 
Who  condescend  the  most. 

Mutual  attempts  to  yield  and  please 

Each  other  will  endear, — 
Then  you  will  bear  the  yoke  with  ease 

Nor  discord  interfere. 

Thus  give  thy  tender  passions  scope, 

Yet  better  things  pursue ; 
Be  Heaven  the  object  of  thy  hope, 

And  lead  him  thither,  too. 

Since  you  must  both  resign  your  breath. 

And  God  alone  knows  when, 
So  live,  that  you  may  part  at  death 

To  meet  with  joy  again ; 

And  may  the  Lord  your  ways  approve 

And  grant  you  both  a  share 
In  His  redeeming,  saving  love 

And  providential  care. 


A  New  Year 
prosperitj'.-II. 


;ift  from  one  who  desires  thy 


(Note.-John  Hampton,  father  of  Robert 
Hampton,  died  in  Viola,  Iowa.,  in  1917.  He  is 
the  author  of  the  above  verses  to  Mary  Louise 
Chandler  at  the  time  of  her  marriage.) 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


APPEARANCE    OP    OUR    OLD    HOME    IN 

BRIDGEPORT,  0.,  AT  THE  PRESENT 

TIME 

Retracing  my  steps,  from  the  sawmill  Avhich 
my  father  operated,  upon  the  hill  westward, 
where  his  farm  of  41  acres  stood,  which  was 
considered  quite  a  farm  in  those  days,  we  now 
show  an  illustration  of  the  frame  house  which 
ray  father  built  on  his  original  84  acres. 

Cut  No.  116  is  from  a  photo  of  our  old  home 
in  Ohio, — not  the  home  where  I  was  born,  but 


to  date  very  comfortably,  showing  the  contrast 
between  the  later  building  and  the  earlier 
building.  My  brother  and  I  helped  to  quarry 
the  stone  along  with  our  father,  which  made 
the  foundation  of  the  main  two-story  house, 
as  has  been  explained  earlier  in  my  history, 
when  a  large  family  was  crowded  into  two 
rooms  and  a  leanto  kitchen. 

(Note.-Wiley  Weeks'  son,  Ross,  is  my 
brother-in-law,  living  in  Chattanooga,  Tenn. 
He  married  my  sister,  Angelina  Williams.  Ross 
was  in  his  sixtieth  year  and  Angelina  was  in 


Cut   No.    116— Old  home   in   Bridgeport,    Ohio 


the  home  where  wo  moved  to  from  Baresville. 
Ohio,  in  IS61.  This  home  father  bought  from 
Wiley  Weeks,  paid  $800.00  for  it.  Three  or 
four  years  afterwards  we  absorbed  the  old 
house,  which  new  stands  in  the  i-ear,  and  built 
a  two-story  and  joined  it,  and  since  they  have 
built  a  second  two-story  and  a  third  building — 
all  of  which  are  connected  together,  both  above 
and  below,  or  downstairs  and  upstairs,  making 
a  very  large  house  for  a  small  family — my 
only  brother  and  his  family  who  now  live 
there.  They  have  a  heating  furnace  in  the 
basement  and  a  telephone.    They  are  living  up 


her  fifty-n.inth  ycai 
in  the  fall  of  1913. 


Thi-,  wedding  took  place 


MY    ONLY    BROTHER,    SETII    OLIVER 
WILLIAMS 

Cut  No.  117.  My  brother,  Seth  Oliver  Wil- 
liams, M'ho  lives  near  Bridgeport,  Ohio  who,  be 
it  understood,  figured  prominently  and  e(|ually 
in  all  the  work  mentioned,  with  M.  F.  Williams 
and  his  father.  Oliver  was  with  us,  both  soul 
and  body  and  determination,  and  was  equally 
industrious  with  the  other  two  Williams,  and 
therefore  should  be  in  this  history   as  pronil- 


MY   I'.ROTIIKR    Sl'yPII   OLIVER    WILLIAMS 


nently  moutioiied  as  any  other.  lie  is  now- 
living  at  the  old  home,  is  married  anil  has  one 
sen,  illustrated  by  photog-raph  No.  119. 

Three  generations  of  Williams  ai'e  shown  in 
this  cut  (No.  118),  showing  my  father  and 
mother,  my  only  hrothei-  and  his  s(ni,  Robert, 
sitting  on  the  front  porch  of  unr  old  home  near 
Bridgepoi't,  0. 

This  cut  (No.  119)  shows  Robert  Earl  Wil- 
liams,  son   of   S.   0.   Williams,   of   15rids>eport, 


to  take  eai'e  of  tiiei 
faiMiiers,  we  wi'i-e  ; 
ers.  ('nt  No.  120 
Williams  as   a  fan 


rm.  While  we  were  not 
tudious  and  hai'd  work- 
nten.led  t<,  show  M.  F. 
hov,   at   the   age   of   18, 


running  a  mowing  machine  upon  very  hilly 
ground.  We  made  that  summer  many  tons  of 
hay,  and  hay  brought  in  this  year  from  $30  to 

f;;40  per  ton. 

(^nr  father,  not  being  a  farmer,  oui'  mother 
Kaid  "Yes,  we  can  I'un  the  fai-m;  1  know  Kow 


Cut   No.    117— Scth   Oliver   Williams,   my   brother 


Ohio,  at  an  older  age  than  he  was  when  the 
photo  shown  by  Cut  No.  118  was  taken.  He 
was  born  November  29,  1889,  and  was  married 
March  7,  1919,  to  Dorothy  Dean  Smith,  daugh- 
ter of  Robert  and  Nancy  Gow  Smith. 

FARM  LIFE  NEAR  BRIDGEPORT,  0. 

While  living  in  Belmont  County  in  1863,  old 
Uncle  Johnnie  Weeks'  son,  John,  was  drafted, 
and  they  prevailed  upon  the  Williams'  family 


to  farm,"  and  we  children  ran  the  farm  for 
that  season.  We  had  a  fair  crop,  and  when  we 
came  to  divide  up  the  proceeds,  our  Williams 
family  from  the  receipts  of  what  we  sold,  had 
never  been  so  bountifully  supplied  as  we  were 
in  this  fall  from  the  proceeds  of  our  share  of 
Uncle  Johnnie  Weeks'  farm.  At  this  time  hay 
was  selling  at  from  $36  to  $40  per  ton.  Wheat 
ran  up  to  $3.35  per  bushel.  Corn  and  oats 
accordingly.  The  writer  was  so  enthused  over 
the  money  we  had  received  from  the  proceeds 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


of  the  farm  that  a  young  man  neighbor  and 
himself  rented  a  portion  of  the  Widow  Coch- 
ran's farm.  She  had  four  sons  in  the  army. 
But  before  the  next  spring  opened  John  Weeks, 
Jr.,  was  discharged  from  the  army  and  took 
over  his  father's  farm. 

Cut  No.  121  represents  M.  F.  Williams  as  a 
plowboy  in  his  18th  year,  tending  Uncle  John- 
nie Weeks'  farm.  However,  previous  to  this 
occasion,  I  worked  for  the  neighbors  in  the 
country  at  general  farm  work,  doing  whatever 


(luartcred  by  a  maul  and  frow.  In  the  spring 
of  the  year,  when  the  frost  wa3  in  the  timber, 
riving  and  splitting  was  a  very  easy  matter. 
I  also  helped  to  do  the  same  class  of  work  for 
a  neighbor  by  the  name  of  Anderson,  also  John 
Stuart,  as  the  hill  farms  in  that  country  all  had 
a  number  of  acres  of  timber  which  they  would 
cut  up  for  their  own  use.  In  riving  out  shingles 
and  clapboards  for  covering  buildmgs,  the 
shingles  (which  wore  of  lesser  length  than 
palings,  about  30  inches  in  length),  had  to  be 
shaved  so  that  they  would  lie  upon  the  roof 


1 

H^Hd 

1 

1 

^HB^r^^^V^    iH 

jft 

11 

Cut  No. 


I  was  called  upon  to  do.  Amongst  other  work, 
I  helped  John  Weeks,  Jr.,  split  rails,  make  rail 
fence,  rive  out  and  split  palings  for  making 
paling  fences.     (See  Cut  No.  122.) 

GETTING    OUT    SHINGLES    AND    CLAP- 
BOARDS 

The  trees  were  chopped  down,  cut  into  sec- 
tions 4  to  5  feet  in  length,  and  after  being 
quartered  were  then  rived  into  palings.  This 
illustration   represents   a    paling   length   being 


properlj' ;  and  in  order  to  shave  them  we  used 
what  was  termed  a  "shaving  horse,"  which 
shaving  horse  is  described  by  Cut  No.  123.  The 
operator  would  be  seated  in  front  of  the  shav- 
ing horse,  and  with  his  foot  would  clamp  the 
rough  rived  shingle,  then  shave  it  so  it  would 
lay  down  upon  the  roof.  The  next  operation 
in  backwoods  manufacturing  of  shingles  and 
clapboards  would  sometimes  be  a  hand-punch- 
ing machine,  which  would  punch  a  hole  in  the 
shingles  for  the  nails.  I  have  punched  hun- 
dreds of  shingles.     If  the  shingles  became  dry 


MILL  CONSTRUflTION 


tliey  would  first  he  fioaked  in  watoi'-what  was 
termed  the  butt  ond  of  the  .shingle-so  a;  to 
make  them  soft  enough  to  punch.  Tn  those 
days  a  sawed  shingle  was  scarcely  known,  and 
I  had  never  seen  a  sawed  shingle  until  I  had 
almost  reached  my  naajority.  In  the  early  days 
while  living  at  Bai'esville  and  working  at  what- 
ever I  could  find  to  do,  amongst  other  kinds 
of  work  was  punching  shingles  and  carrying 
them  up  onto  the  roof  for  the  carpenters  to  lay. 

Cut  No.  124  shows  a  rived  and  shaved  shingle 
punching  machine,  punching  before  nailing 
onto  the  roof.     If  undertaking  to  drive  nails 


wright  work,  ai 


r])enter 


the  roof. 


OLD-TLMK    MILL    (( )X.STHU('Ti()N 

I  have  heliM',!  1o  makr  <.r  coiislruct  I  he  mill 
building,  enclose  the  mill  building,  help  to 
make  the  shingles  or  clapboai'ds,  then  ln-lpcd 
to  make  the  gearing  which  was  almost  all  wood. 
The  shafting  was  wood,  except  the  gudgeons, 
which  were  of  cast  iron,  gotten  miles  away  at 
some  town  with  a  foundiy.  The  shafting  was 
made  eight  square  (octagonal),  and  all  the 
wooden  wheels  were  fastened  on  .vith  wooden 


Cut    No.    119— Robert    Earl   Williams 


into  a  dry  home-made  shingle  without  punch- 
ing they  would  split  and  destroy  the  roof. 

In  the  early  days  sawed  shingles  were  not 
known  in  our  country,  and  rived  shingles  Avere 
the  only  kind  that  I  knew  of  when  I  was  a  boy. 
In  the  process  of  making  rived  shingles  the 
trees  were  cut  down  in  the  woods,  sawed  into 
shingle  lengths,  then  rived  with  a  frow,  as  in 
riving  palings.     (Cut  No.  122.) 

After  punching  them  (Cut  No.  124)  1  carried 
the  shingles  up  a  ladder  to  the  roof  to  my 
uncle,  who  built  houses  when  he  hadn't  mill- 


wedges.  Forty-three  years  ago  7  was  working 
in  a  flouring  mill  at  St.  Char'.'s,  I\Io.,  and  I 
found  there  an  old  mill  building  upon  the  river 
bank.  This  mill  was  one  of  the  original  pioneer 
mills ;  notwithstanding  the  building  was  brick, 
it  had  wooden  gearing  in  it — the  first  and  only 
one  which  I  can  now  recall  having  seen  west 
of  the  State  of  Ohio.  In  such  mills  as  described 
above,  M.  F.  Williams  learned  his  trade  or  all 
he  knew  of  it.  up  to  the  time  he  emigrated 
M-estward  in  1869.  Therefore  the  only  metal 
ill  a  sawmill  in  those  days  were  the  gudgeons 
for  coupling  the  shafting,  the  gudgeons  for  the 
wooden  waterwheel,  and  the  segments  upon  the 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


outside  of  the  ragwheel  which  van  the  carriage 
of  the  saws;  all  else  practically  was  wood,  ex- 
cept a  few  other  parts  forged  out  by  the  coun- 
try blacksmith  from  a  drawing  or  pattern  fur- 
nished by  the  boss  millwright.  The  poetry, 
which  reads  as  follows  : 

"Oh,   woodman,   spare  that  tree, 
Cut  not  a  single  bough" — 


which  consisted  of  a  smooth  floor  upon  the 
ground,  where  the  clay  was  hard,  cleaned  and 
swept  off;  then  the  sheaves  of  wheat  were  dis- 
tributed around  in  a  circle  about  20  feet  in 
diameter  and  horses  or  oxen  were  led  around 
over  the  sheaves  and  they  would  tramp  out 
the  grain  or  shell  it  loose  from  its  bearded  com- 
partments in  the  wheat  heads ;  then,  Avhen  thor- 


g  on    Uncle  Johnny  Week's   farm 


would  not  be  appropriate  upon  these  occasions 
and  in  these  times.  It  would  be  just  the  oppo- 
site, as  the  woods  and  the  trees  in  early  pioneer 
days  were  the  best  friends  that  the  eni'ly  pion- 
eers had. 


oughly  ti'amped  r.nd  shelled  out,  the  straw  was 
raked  away  all  except  the  fine  straw.  Tlie 
wheat  was  gathered  up  from  the  ground  and 
fanned  in  a  fanning  mill  operated  by  hand, 
which  fanning  mills  are  used  to  this  day  by 


THE  PIONEER  METHOD   OF   THRESHING 
GRAIN 

Cut  No.  125  is  meant  to  show  the  old-fash- 
ioned way  of  threshing  grain.  Before  the  horse- 
power threshing  machine  came  into  general  use 
for  farm  service,  the  tramping  floor  was  used, 


rome  fai'mei-s  in  cleaning  their  grain  in  the 
early  fall  to  get  the  first  grinding  for  early 
liread.  However,  when  the  wheat  goes  to  mar- 
ket, and  when  it  is  sold,  all  this  fanning  and 
cleaning  is  done  by  up-to-date  machinery  now 
manufactured  for  that  purpose. 


KAKLV   IMOXKKIJ   MKTIIOI).^ 


THE  PIONEER  METHOD  OP   (IRINDIXG 

ORArx 


Cut    No.    126    I'cpresonts    the    i)i(ii 

cers'    first 

foj'iii  of  a  mill,  <;iiiiif;'  hack  and  jiattc 

ning  after 

the    noble   red    men    \\iui,    in    tlie   di 

ys   of   the 

of  North  Wal.'s,  who  was  liorn  Ainil  2ltth.  1  <2:;, 
and  died  Septemher  4th,  ITDO.  lie  prohabiy 
did  his  first  milliiif<  in  this  primitive  form,  as 
authentic  history  states  that  later  he  had  upon 
his  plantation  in  Carteret  County  both  a  water- 
power  grist   mill   and  sawmill. 


Cut  No.   122 — Rniiig  and 


Indian,  gi'ound  their  corn  by  mortar  and  pestle 
or  by  hollowing  out  a  stone  and  pounding  the 
grain  with  another  stone — the  Indian  sittiug 
upon  the  ground,  and  principally  done  by  the 


frow  and  maul 


Cut  Xo.  127  shows  the  Chinese  method  of 
making  flour  from  rice  with  an  upper  and  lower 
millstone  similar  to  the  process  of  gri;)tling 
wheat  described  in  the  Bible. 


women,  as  the  men  were  of]f  hunting,  Ashing  or 
looking  for  the  white  man.  This  is  truly  a 
pioneer  mill,  and  some  of  the  Williams  have 
been  mill  men  in  the  line  from  our  great  grand- 
father, Robt.  Williams,  son  of  Edw.  Williams 


-Shaving   horse 

Cut  No.  128  shows  an  old-fashioned  cradle 
that  was  used  in  the  olden  days  of  the  IStli 
century  for  harvesting  grain.  The  cradle  from 
which  this  eitt  A^-iis  made  is  novv'  ov/ned  by  O. 
W.  Converse  of  Springfield,  111. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


MAKING  CLOTH  IN  PIONEER  DAYS 

Cut  No.  129  shows  a  hand-carding  machine 
or  a  wool  carder,  the  original  of  which  is  owned 
by  Wm.  Wilkinson  of  Roodhouse.  Ills.  In  olden 
days,   after  wasliing  avooI  by  hand,   the   next 


In  those  days  most  of  the  cloth  was  home- 
spun, and  the  tlax  was  raised  and  prepared  on 
the  home  farm  by  the  menfolks,  arid  wo^-en 
into  cloth  by  the  women.  Also  the  y.'ool  from 
the  sheep  was  sheared  by  the  men  and  carded 


operation  was  carding  into  rolls  by  a  liaiid- 
cai'ding  machine.  After  the  rolls  mitc  cu'ded 
they  were  spun  into  yai'n. 

Cut  No.  1:^0  shows  one  of  our  grandmothers 
spinning  the  rolls  into  yarn.     Day  after  day 


and  spun  l:)y  tlie  women  of  the  family.  It  will 
be  of  interest  to  those  of  the  present  o'oneration 
to  see  how  our  fathers  and  mothers  of  the  past 
worked  up  the  material  that  now  is  prejjared 
l'\-  machines. 


Cut  X 


I  have  seen  both  of  my  grandmothers  spinning 
rolls  into  yarn,  but  whether  the  rolls  were 
hand-carded  in  those  days,  or  whether  the.y 
were  carded  by  machinery,  I  cannot  state,  but 
I  think  they  were  hand-carded. 


Threshing  grain  with  a  flail 

PREPARING  FLAX 


The  early  settlers  in  the  dense  woods  of  Ohio 
had  to  resort  to  primitiye  methods  for  produc- 
ing cloth,  yarn,  ropes  and  homespun  cloth.  The 
first  operation  was  to  cut  the  flax  with  a  sickle 


EARLY   PIOXKKR   iMKTIIODS 


or  seylhc  or  a  fradlc— au  old-fasliioiiod  craiUc 
for  ci'adlins'  s'rain — then  allow  \\w  Hax  to  lie 
in  tlie  open  and  go  thi'oufjh  the  rotting  pi-ocoss. 


cr  oroulh  and  loosen  the 
it'  the  stem  ])rci)aratoi'y  to 
i-ei)are  the   tiber   foi-  spin- 


Cut  No    126 — \  pioneer  mcrtar  iiid   pestle   mill 


-Making  r 


til  the  scriptural  millstone 


Next  operation  would  be  the  tlax  brake.  Cut 
No.  1:^2  represents  the  flax  break — an  old-fash- 
ioned method  of  breaking  or  pounding  flax  so 


ning.  For  this  flax  brake  a  cut  of  same  we  are 
indebted  to  the  ]\Iissouri  Historical  Society, 
whose  book,   a   volume   of  which  they  kindly 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


loaned  to  the  writer  from  the  Histoi'ical  Society 
of  Illinois,  and  the  real  tiax  brake  is  now  in 
possession  of  O.  W.  Converse,  Springfield,  Ills. 

Cut  No.  131  shows  two  young  men  seated 
upon  a  bench  and  breaking  or  hackeling  flax, 
which  is  the  second  operation,  for  the  purpose 
of  reducing  the  fibrous  portion  to  prepare  it 


into  socks.  Cut  No.  133  describes  a  hand  loom, 
which  was  used  in  olden  days,  and  even  is  used 
up  to  the  present  time,  possibly  in  the  moun- 
tains of  Kentucky  and  Tennessee,  and  even  in 
the  raountains-of  North  Carolina,  by  backwoods 
people,  but  not,  of  course,  any  more  by  people 
living  in  advanced  and  enlightened  countries; 
but  most  of  our  great  grandmothers  used  the 


'm 


Cut  No.   130 — Large  spinning  wheel   for  spinning  carded   rolls 


for  producing  yarn  or  thread, 
step — 


This  the  next 


WEAVING  CLOTH 

Now  that  the  rolls  liave  been  spun,  the  next 
operation  is  to  weave  them  into  cloth,  providing 
they  are  to  be  made  into  cloth  and  not  knitted 


weaving  loom.  I  think  even  my  motlicr,  in  her 
younger  days,  used  the  weaving  loom.  If  she 
did  not,  my  grandmother  on  both  sides  of  tlic 
house  surely  did,  as  in  those  days  all  of  our 
grandmothers  did. 

The  two  systems  of  treating  fiax  and  yarn 
arc  as  follows:     The  big  wheel  for  converting 


PRKPARIN(i    FLAX   FOR   CLOTH 


rolls  into  yarn  is  for  woolen  s'ooil^,  while  a 
little  wheel  was  used  foi'  spinning  Max  into 
yarn.  First  wc  show  the  Max  cradle,  or  hand 
cradle.  Secondly,  the  flax  l)rake  as  the  second 
operation  for  reducing  the  tibei-.     Thii'dly,  the 


wei-e    made    from    Max 
specially   sumiuei-   weai 


flax 
and 


quality    of    gooil 

gaiMuent.s,   most 

the  winter  wear  fi-om  wool,  all  made  by  hand 

])y  the  early  settler.s  and  early  pioneers  of  the 

land. 


-Hackling  flax 


flax  haekle  for  combing-  out  the  flax  fiber  from 
the  woody  portion,  or  pith  of  the  stock.  The 
fourth  operation  is  the  small  spinni)ig  wheel 
for  spinning  the  flax  fiber  into  yarn  or  into 
flax  thread.     (See  Cut  No.  92.) 


MY  ROAD-MAKING  EXPERIENCE 

Cut  No.  138,  in  the  spring  of  1863,  near 
Bridgeport,  Belmont  Connty,  Ohio,  represents 
JM.   F.   Williams  working   on  the  Cadiz  plank 


Cut  No.   132— A  flax  brake 


Cut  No.  134  shows  a  hand  loom  for  weaving 
flax  thread  into  cloth.  In  the  olden  days  all 
the  linen,  the  toweling,  the  sheets,  the  dresses, 
the  underclothing,  and  most  all  household 
goods,  were  made  from  flax ;  that  is,  the  finer 


road  from  Bridgeport  to  Cadiz,  at  $1.10  per 
day,  earning  my  first  actual  pay:  In  these 
days  there  were  two  plank  roads  to  my  knowl- 
edge. A  plank  road  is  a  graded  country  road 
covered    v.ith    oak   planks    2i    to    3    inches    in 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


thickness,  sawed  out  from  sawlogs,  as  the  coun- 
try afforded  the  timber.  In  the  spring  of  1863, 
when  our  family  had  just  settled  IJ  miles  west 
of  Bridgeport,  in  the  cove  of  the  hill  above 
Bridgeport,  one  Joshua  Maul,  who  lived  further 


ject  to  manj'  slides  down  the  embankment  and 
steep  hillsides  which  had  to  be  renewed.  In 
those  days  concrete  curbs  were  not  known,  and 
if  a  stone  wall  was  used  it  was  rough  rubble 
work  laid  up  diy,  one  stone  upon  the  other, 


ill 

I   H^^^  J   -a      TWfSf- 


Cut    No.    133 — .\    hand-weaving    loom 


out  on  this  same  plank  road  at  Maultown,  was 
repairing  the  plank  road  and  I  secured  work 
with  his  gang  of  workmen  with  pick,  shovel 
and  wheelbarrow.  Joshua  Maul,  however,  is 
represented  in  Cut  No.  138  by  No.  1.     No.  2 


and  no  mortar  or  cement  used;  but  in  the 
present  day  such  work  is  mostly  concrete.  No. 
3  represents  Edw.  Bare  from  Baresville,  who 
worked  in  the  party  or  with  the  party  of  work- 
men.    No.  4  represents  Chas.   O'Neil,  now  an 


Cut  No.  134 — ,\  hand  loom  for  flax 


represents  M.  F.  Williams  working  with  pick, 
shovel  and  wheelbarrow,  helping  to  grade  the 
road,  or  regrade  it  for  the  planking,  and 
cleaning  out  the  gutters,  as  this  road  up  the 
hill  from  Bridgepoi't  in  Avet  weather  was  sub- 


aged  man  almost  SO  years  old,  living  with  one 
of  his  children  in  West  Virginia.  These  two 
boys  being  mj'  fellow  townsmen  when  I  was  a 
boy,  we  often  played  together,  went  to  school 
together,  hunted  the  cows  together,  fished  to- 


MY  ROAD  MAKING   EXPKRIENCE 


g'ether  upon  llic  Ohio  River,  hunli'd  cfawlisli 
togethci',  dug'  woi'iiis  for  liait  togctlu'i',  and  did 
everything  wliiidi  hoys  would  do  in  those  days, 
which  was  just  and  upriglit  and  jjossihly  a 
little  mischievous  occasionally ;  hut  we  oidy 
indulged  in  innocent  niisclucf  and  not  to  do 
anyone  any  harm.  In  this  dt'seiiption  of  the 
earning  of  my  first  money:  we  wei'e  paid  $1.10 
per  day,  which  I  thought  was  a  wonderful  com- 
pensation for  the  work  of  a  novice  as  a  com- 
mon laborer.  No.  5  represents  a  colored  man. 
a  young  man  from  Houston,  Texas.  His  name 
was  Ephraim  Gubbins,  as  I  now  remember. 
There  were  three  or  four  others  of  the  Ethi- 


nciuhhors  of  onrs  a1 
l)eoi)h'  as  yon  wonld  wish  to 
of  nei-hhors.  We  worked  on 
roru  Bridgeport  to  Jlaultowii 


.1  and  washing-,  iierrhan,-  only  .$2.50, 

villr,  and  as  tin. 
n.ert  an.l  the  he^ 
this  plank  I'oad 
until  Joshua  Maul  considered  it  finished.  The 
money  A\-hich  I  earned  I  gave  the  most  of  it  to 
my  mother.  Mother  was  very  fond  of  ham  and 
bacon,  and  something  good  to  eat.  As  we  had 
just  nn)ved  to  this  neighborhood  and  practi- 
cally \\('rc  without  money  until  we  raised  a 
crop,  which  was  limited,  I  was  glad  to  earn 
money  with  which  to  buy  proper  food  for  the 
family;  and  I  have  never  regretted  giving  my 


Cut  No.   138 — Making  a  plank  road 


opian  design  as  I  recall ;  they  were  a  nice  lot 
of  boys,  full  of  jokes.  Joshua  Maul,  our  boss, 
being  a  Quaker  and  an  anti-slavery  man,  be- 
lieved in  giving  the  colored  man  a  show,  and 
my  father,  also  being  an  anti-slavery  man,  did 
not  object  to  my  working  along  with  the  col- 
ored men.  It  is  true  they  were  full  of  stories, 
and  sometimes  indulged  in  them  while  Joshua 
Maul  would  go  to  the  spring  to  get  a  drink.  1 
tried  hard  not  to  allow  the  colored  boys  to  get 
ahead  of  my  stories,  as  I  had  inherited  some 
most  excellent  stories  from  my  father.  Return- 
ing to  the  subject,  Chas.  O'Neil  and  Ed.  Bare 
as  we  called  him,  boarded  at  our  house,  and  I 
think  mother  charged  them  $3.00  per  week  for 


iirst  earnings  to  the  support  of  the  family,  as 
I  continued  to  do  many  years  afterwards — 
both  when  I  was  learning  my  trade  and  after 
I  had  gone  into  business. 

In  the  next  fall.  1864,  or  the  fall  following 
my  work  on  the  plank  road,  father  bought 
from  Benjamin  Anderson,  a  near  neighbor,  an 
apex  in  the  bend  of  the  plank  road,  which  I 
should  judge  now  to  be  about  one-eighth  of  an 
acre,  for  which  he  paid  $15.00.  He  and  I 
graded  this  neck  from  both  sides  and  filled  up 
the  gutter,  which  originally  produced  a  wash 
on  the  plank  road ;  but  Joshua  Maul,  being  an 
honest  man,  saw  that  this  was  an  injustice  to 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


us  so  we  tui'iied  the  water  into  a  suitable  gut- 
ter, and  fartlier  down  the  road  into  a  ravine,  in 
places  30  and  40  feet  deep-whieh  land  be- 
longed to  Benjamin  Anderson,  but  which  father 
bought  later  on,  and  I  judge  comprised  about 
two  acres.  This  deep  gully,  or  small  run,  did 
not  harm  our  lands  much,  as  it  had  been  the 
washing  for  years.  Reverting  back  to  the 
$15.00  transaction — today  I  would  consider  it 
very,  very  cheap. 

HELPING     FATHER     MAKE     MOLASSES 
NEAR  BRIDGEPORT,  0. 

Father,  being  a  thrifty  man,  as  well  as  he 


slides  were  made  of  white  pine  from  8  to  12 
inches  in  depth.  The  bottom  was  made  of  gal- 
vanized iron,  nailed  on,  the  furnace  was  made 
of  stones,  which  were  more  plentiful  than 
brick.  The  wall  was  made  up  of  yellow  clay 
and  straw  mortar  mixed  with  straw,  as  father 
had  learned  to  do  in  olden  times  when  lime  or 
a  lime  kiln  was  scarcely  known..  This  sugar 
pan  had  in  it  divisions,  for  racking  off  the 
syrup,  or  separating  the  syrup  from  the  juices, 
when  properly  evaporated.  Sulphate  of  lime 
was  the  chemical  used  for  clarifying  and  caus- 
ing the  scum  and  impurities  to  come  to  the 
surface,  which  were  skimmed  off  with  a  home- 


Cut  No.  139 — M.  F.   Williams  grinding  sugarcane  in   Ohio 


knew  how,  gave  the  word  out  to  the  neighbor- 
hood that  he  would  buy  a  sugar  mill  or  sugar- 
cane mill,  grind  sugarcane  and  make  molasses 
for  the  neighbors  on  shares,  or  so  much  per 
gallon.  Cut  No.  139  represents  the  sugar  mill 
on  the  side  of  the  plank  road,  driven  by  oiie 
horse,  and  the  boy  feeding  the  cane  mill  repre- 
sents myself  grinding  the  cane  and  running 
the  juice  into  a  barrel.  From  the  barrel  it  ran 
through  a  pipe  down  the  hill  to  the  first  bench, 
or  mesa  as  it  would  be  termed  in  the  west, 
where  is  shown  an  evaporator.  However, 
father's  evaporator  was  not  of  this  kind.  It 
was  what  we  termed  a  sorghum  pan,  and  the 


made  strainer,  and  this  scum  was  fed  to  the 
pigs  and  used  for  fattening,  as  it  contained 
considerable  saccharine  matter,  and  when  al- 
lowed to  ferment  would  make  the  pigs  some- 
times drunk.  I  have  seen  pigs  as  drunk  from 
fermented  scum  as  I  have  ever  seen  men  froiv. 
whiskey  or  other  drinks,  although  my  father 
(being  a  very  strong  prohibitionist)  certainly 
would  not  set  the  example  to  pig's  if  he  knew 
it ;  but  while  it  was  fun  for  the  younger  chil- 
dren, it  was  not  for  father.  The  clarifying  pan 
up  next  to  the  chimney  was  higher  than  at  the 
lower  end  where  we  drew  off  the  syrup,  but  it 
had  divisions  in  it  just  like  this  reciprocating 


MAKING  MOLASSES  AND  CASE  SUGAR 


or  rocking  pan  shown  above  and  foi'  the  same 
purpose — so  as  to  rack  off  the  syru])  when  fin- 
ished. But  hefoi'e  (loiiiR  so  the  Hi'e  iiuist  always 
be  drawn.  This  work  was  done  durinii  the  fall 
season  and  in  sugarcane  season  liei'ore  the  frost 
and  sometimes  after  the  frost,  as  the  frost  will 
ruin  the  sugarcane  if  allowed  to  freeze  before 
cutting  and  will  cause  fermentation  in  the  liehl ; 
and  while  it  will  still  make  syrup  in  that  row- 
dition,  the  natural  syrnp  taste  has  been  des- 
troyed and  it  will  not  bring  more  than  half  the 
price  as  sorghum  molasses  nuide  before  freez- 
ing. Some  kinds  of  sorghum  molasses  will 
granulate  and  turn  to  sugar,  of  which  I  was 
very  fond,  both  cf  sugar  and  the  syrup,  and  I 
certainly  got  my  share  of  it  as  long  as  it  lasted. 
Father  would  always  take  the  surplus  to 
Wheeling  market  and  sell  it,  and  would  buy 
many  barrels  from  the  neighbors  and  had  a 
regular  stall  or  stand,  as  it  was  sometimes 
called  in  Wheeling  market,  for  which  he  paid 
a  license,  and  would  remain  there  usually  along 
with  one  of  his  daughters,  all  day  Saturday,  or 
up  to  about  four  o'clock,  when  the  market  bell 
would  ring  and  the  market  would  close.  Father 
took  in  many  a  dollar  selling  nothing  but  sorg- 
hum molasses  until  he  earned  the  nom  de  plume 
of  "molasses  Williams,"  or  "Sorghum  Wil- 
liams." Night  after  night,  or  in  the  early 
morning,  say  from  three  o'clock  on,  I  have 
gone  with  father  to  the  Wheeling  market  to 
help  sell  sorghum  and  pi'oduce  from  our  little 
market  garden. 

MAKING  BAGASSE  FROM  SUGARCANE 

Another  product  from  making  sorghum  uio- 
lasces — or  properly,  by-product — is  called  "ba- 
gasse," which  is  the  sugarcane  after  being 
crushed  and  piled  into  a  heap,  where  it  will 
ferment  from  the  saccharine  still  left  in  the 
stalks,  as  we  did  not  extract  all  of  it,  as  the 
sugarcane  crushing  mill  was  not  of  sufficient 
strength,  possibly,  to  extract  more  than  80  per 
cent  of  the  juice.  In  this  state  I  have  seen 
cattle  stand  and  eat  of  the  bagasse  in  order 
to  get  the  SM'eetness  from  it ;  but  after  the 
winter  was  over  father  would  pile  the  bagasse 
into  what  was  called  a  compost  heap,  known 
to  farmers  as  a  fertilizing  process  to  make  a 


so  that  this  1,'y-prodnet  had  its  restorative 
((ualities  returned  to  the  land  from  whence  it 
came.    Some  careless  farmers  would  allow  it  to 

go  to  waste  and  not  use  it.     Feitilization  of  any 

sary,  as  it  is  difficult  to  grow  any  plant  or 
herb  on  high  ground,  which  will  be  a  self- 
fertilizer;  but  on  low  ground  many  plants 
belonging  to  the  clover  family,  nucIi  as  al- 
falfa, the  tap  roots  of  which  will  grow  un- 
til they  find  water;  but  vei'v  few  plants 
or  hei'bage  uiion  hilly  ground  can  do 
this.  And  more  upon  the  subject  of  making 
sugarcane  molasses  or  sorghum  molasses — I 
had  forgotten  to  state  that  we  brought  our 
sugarcane  mill  and  sugarcane  syi'up  pan  from 
Baresville,  as  father  had  used  it  down  at  that 
town  perhaps  for  ten  years  before  moving  up 
to  the  Bridgeport  hills.  I  distinctly  now  re- 
member of  feeding  the  sugarcane  mill  at  Bares- 
ville, and  I  carry  upon  my  foot  and  hand  a 
scar  each  from  the  sharp  edge  of  the  outside 
covering  of  the  sugarcane  stalk,  from  cuts  re- 
ceived when  feeding  the  cane  mill ;  and  upon 
my  left  foot  a  sugarcane  stalk  fell  and  cut  my 
foot  most  severely.  But  I  recovered,  as  I 
always  had,  on  account  of  the  red  and  pure 
corpuscles  contained  in  my  body. 

BOILING  DOWN  SUGARCANE  SYRUP 

Father  always  depended  upon  his  two  vet- 
erans in  making  sorghum  molasses.  My  sis- 
ter, Jane,  being  my  eldest  sister,  now  (1919) 
in  her  80th  year,  never  failed  to  stand  by 
father  late  in  the  night — sometimes  up  to  mid- 
night— helping  to  boil  the  syrup.  My  sister, 
Hannah,  long  since  deceased,  also  was  one  of 
father's  standbys  in  helping  to  boil  down  sugar- 
cane syrup,  or  juices;  and  I  myself,  while 
modesty  forbids  me  to  speak,  remained  up  late 
at  night,  night  after  night ;  and  we  would  all 
then  embark  to  the  house,  using  a  lantern  as 
it  was  the  only  means  of  lighting  our  wav. 
Many  a  night  do  I  remember  of  the  young 
neighboring  people  gathering  around  the  fur- 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


nace  and  the  siigarpau,  -waiting  until  we  had 
gotten  through  boiling;  and  next  after  that 
was  a  taf¥y  pulling,  as  father  never  failed  to 
donate  a  gallon  or  two  of  his  syrup  to  the 
young  people  with  which  to  make  taffy,  as 
sorghum  syrup  made  a  splendid  taffy,  and  the 
j'oung  people  had  their  enjoyment  making  and 
pulling  taff.y.  Sometimes  I  made  a  mistake, 
possibly  to  my  delight,  and  instead  of  having  a 


A  REMINISCENCE  REGARDING  WOLF 
CREEK  MILLS 

The  representation  of  Wolf  Creek  Mills  in 
1789  in  Ohio  (Cut  No.  135)  is  worthy  of  note. 
When  Great-Uncle  John  Shoebridge  Williams 
edited  the  book  called  "American  Pioneers  or 
Life  in  the  Woods  of  Ohio. ' '  little  did  he  think 
that  Wolf  Creek  mills  was  probably  built  and 


■WDiiTF  -gaisssjs  ieanri.ffi.s  nsr  as'ss. 

135 — Located  about  a  mile  above  the  junction  of  Wolf  Creek 
Muskingum    River 


hook  on  the  wall  to  hook  the  taffy  upon  for 
pulling  purposes,  I  might  perchance  have  got- 
ten the  taffy  around  some  young  girl's  neck — 
and  then  there  was  a  real  taffy  pulling.  The 
authenticit.v  of  this  demonstration  is  not 
vouched  for  in  any  book  of  records  or  data 
which  I  now  can  recall — at  least  it  cannot  be 
found  in  a  public  lilirary  or  a  standard  school 
book. 


owned  by  Samuel  Retts  Hampton,  a  relative 
of  my  mother's  family,  who  was  a  Hampton, 
and  the  more  I  read  of  the  Hampton  book, 
edited  by  Doctor  Solomon  E.  Hampton  of  Mil- 
ton, Ky.,  in  1911,  the  more  I  think  of  my 
mother  and  the  splendid  families  from  whom 
f.he  descended. 

I  have  often  heard   my    mother  talk    about 


THE   HAMPTON   FAMILY 


Bucks  County,  Pa.,  the  origin  of  the?  Pennsyl- 
vania Hamptons  in  America :  that  three  Hamp- 
ton brothers  came  from  England  and  settled 
in  three  different  states. 

Joseph  Hampton  came  from  England  about 
the  year  1720  or  1722,  Avho  was  probably  born 
in  the  17th  century,  and  in  1690  to  1700  mar- 
ried Mary  Canbj' ;  she  was  born  on  the  12th  of 


the  ninth  month,  1828,  he  married  Elizabeth 
Pierpoint,  daughter  of  Jonathan  and  Anna 
Pierpoint  of  Morgan  County,  Ohio.  The  Pier- 
point  home  was  on  Wolf  Creek,  a  few  miles 
south  of  Paynesville.  When  I  Avas  a  boy  I 
have  heard  my  parents  talk  about  Paynesville. 
They,  the  Pierpoints,  owned  a  tlour  and  saw 
mill  on  Wolf  Creek,  and  Jonathan  Pierpoint 
followed  milling  for  many  years.     The  Hamp- 


Cut  No.  136 — Saiiiue 


clc  of  Stilton  Franklin  Williams 


September,  1697,  and  was  buried  at  Wrights- 
town,  Pa.,  aged  nearly  97  years. 

Again  referring  to  the  Hampton  history  and 
the  ownership  of  Wolf  Creek  Mills,  and  that 
■Samuel  Betts  Hampton  came  from  Maryland 
in  the  spring  of  1825,  when  about  one  month 
past  16  years  of  age,  he  moved  with  his  fa- 
ther's family  to  Ohio  and  settled  on  a  farm  in 
Muskingum  County,  Ohio ;  and  on  the  23rd  of 


ton  book  states  that  they  evidently  came  from 
Columbiana  County,  Ohio,  to  Wolf  Creek.  But 
where  the  husband  came  from  to  Columbiana 
County,  there  is  no  record.  His  wife's  maiden 
name  was  Anna  Steer,  who  was  born  in  Low- 
don  County,  Va. 

Hampton  History  states  that  they  were  of 
good  family  and  reported  to  have  been  in  good 
circumstances    before   the   Civil    War.      Their 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


home  was  near  the  border  and  was  ravished 
by  both  armies.  The  Pierpoints  Mere  Union- 
ists. 

The  supposition  is  that  Samuel  Hampton 
and  his  wife  lived  near  the  Wolf  Creek  mills. 
When  Great-uncle  John  Shoebridge  Williams 
placed  the  illustration  in  the  book  of  "Amer- 
ican Pioneers,"  of  Wolf  Creek  Mills,  little  did 
he  know  that  it  answers  a  double  purpose  and 
the  latter  purpose  of  connecting  the  relation- 
ship between  Milton  Franklin  Williams,  the 
composer  of  this  book,  on  the  Williams  side, 
and  the  owner  of  the  Wolf  Creek  Mills  on  the 
Hampton  side. 

ANOTHER   SIGNIFICANT   FACT   WORTHY 
OF   NOTE 

That  Great-uncle  John,  after  his  family  had 
grown  and  had  children  and  interests  of  their 
OAvn,  and  after  his  second  wife  died  and  left 
him  alone,  that  he  should  emigrate  to  Viola, 
Linn  County,  Iowa,  and  there  live  out  his 
life  until  he  died  and  was  buried  in  a  Fi'iends 
burying  ground  near  Viola,  Iowa,  and  spent 
his  declining  days  at  my  Uncle  John  Hamp- 
ton's house,  who  married  my  father's  sister, 
Mary. 

The  strange  part  of  it  is  that  Great-uncle 
John  raised  liis  family  at  Cincinnati.  Ohio,  and 
died  at  Uncle  John  Hampton's,  at  Viola,  Linn 
County,  Iowa. 

MY    LAST    EXPERIENCE    AS    A    FARMER 

M.  F.  Williams  and  Joseph  Anderson,  hav- 
ing supplied  themselves  with  farming  utensils, 
started  out  to  make  some  money  farming,  as 
we  both  had  done  the  previous  year;  but  be- 
fore the  Fall  of  the  year,  and  before  we  were 
ready  to  receive  the  big  prices  the  war  was 
declared  over  and  prices  went  down  perhaps 
lower  than  they  were  before  the  war.  I  hauled 
one  load  of  hay  to  Martins  Ferry,  Avhich  I 
sold  at  the  munificent  price  of  $6.00  per  ton, 
instead  of  $36.00,  as  I  had  expected.  The  corn 
and  oats  (my  share  of  them)  I  hauled  to  my 
father's  crib  and  granary,  made  him  a  pres- 
ent of  it,  sold  my  interest  in  the  hay  to  Wilson 
Cochran,  who  had  returned  from  the  war.     In 


brder  to  bind  the  bargain  he  paid  me  $1.50  in 
silver,  and  that  is  all  I  ever  got  for  the  re- 
mainder of  the  hay,  and  I  said  to  myself, 
"Good-by  farming  for  M.  F.,  I  am  a  going 
with  my  Uncle  S.  B.  Williams  to  learn  the 
millwright  trade,  providing  he  will  take  me." 
I  went  down  onto  Wheeling  Island,  where  he 
lived,  and  got  my  Aunt  Riithanna  to  give  me 
the  address  of  where  he  was  working.  I  wrote 
to  him.  He  told  me  to  come  on  in  two  weeks, 
that  he  would  take  me  to  learn  the  millwright 
trade.  This  must  have  been  in  1865.  I  worked 
with  my  uncle  out  at  Hall's  water  mill,  which 
was  a  sawmill ;  remained  away  two  weeks, 
came  back  to  my  fathei-,  turned  over  $16.00 
to  him  for  my  two  weeks"  woi'k — the  proudest 
era  of  my  life.  Worked  on  with  my  uncle, 
iioth  winter  and  summer,  until  the  fall  of  the 
third  year.  We  were  then  working  at  Butclier 
&  Yokum's  mill  down  at  the  creek, — a  water 
mill,^ust  below  the  town  of  Somerton,  in 
Belmont  County.  I  had  been  out  before  the 
woi'ld  quite  a  little,  and  discovered  when  com- 
ing in  contact  with  other  people  how  ignorant 
I  was,  how  little  knowledge  I  had,  how  little 
schooling  I  had.  I  went  down  to  Martins  Fer- 
ry, talked  with  Professor  Schreave,  and  ar- 
ranged to  go  to  the  Martins  Ferry  public 
school  that  winter.  I  walked  to  and  from  our 
home,  which  was  at  least  2i  miles,  studied 
hard,  burned  the  midnight  oil.  (The  little  old 
coal  oil  lamp,  which  I  used  to  study  by,  I  now 
have  amongst  my  collection  of  curios.)  I  re- 
main(Hl  at  that  graded  school  until  the  term 
was  out.  I  then  bi-anched  out  into  the  world 
again,  not  a  sadder,  but  somewhat  a  wiser 
young  man.  I  then  went  back  to  work  with 
m.v  uncle,  and  remained  a  part  of  another 
season;  then   got   the   westward  fever. 

LEARNING    THE     MILLWRIGHT     TRADE 
WITH  MY  UNCLE  SAMUEL 

Cut  No.  137.  At  the  age  of  18  or  there- 
abouts, in  the  month  of  November,  I  went  to 
work  with  my  Uncle  S.  B.  Williams  to  learn 
the  millwright  trade,  and  the  first  job  I  worked 
on  was  at  Hall's  mill,  about  between  two  and 
three  miles  distant  from  Hall's  Station  on  the 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad,  oft'  in  the  woods. 


MILL  BUILDING 


After  I  had  finished  with  Joseph  Anderson 
attending  a  crop  for  the  widow  Cochran  near 
our  home  in  Belmont  County,  I  started  in  with 
my  Uncle  Samuel  to  learn  the  millwright  trade 
or  trj-  to.  and  I  was  about  as  green  a  hand 
as  he  ever  had  trying  to  learn  the  use  of 
tools.  This  was  a  sawmill  only,  and  not  a 
grist  mill,  as  one  was  located  down  at  the  rail- 
road station,  operated  by  steam  power.  I 
worked  at  this  mill,  or  ti-ied  to,  aj  best  I 
knew  how,  and  how  many  hundred  times  did 
my  dear  old  Uncle  Samuel  make  the  remark, 
"Milton,  j'ou  greenhorn" — that  is  the  worst 
he  would  ever  say,  and  I  knew  it  because  we 
M^ere  building  the  sawmill  out  of  gresn  tim- 
ber.    In  those   days  pioneers   went   into    the 


where  they  may."  The  four  sides  of  each  log 
were  operated  upon  in  this  manner  until  square 
timbers  were  formed  before  a  building  could 
be  built,  for  in  those  days  sawmills  were  few 
and  far  between,  and  even  at  this  late  date  the 
backwoodsmen  hew  out  thousands  of  railroad 
ties  where  timber  is  many  miles  from  railroads 
and  sawmills.  With  these  timbers  a  good  mill- 
wright and  a  good  framer  would  frame  the 
building,  in  which  all  the  frame  part  was 
hewn  out  of  the  solid  tree,  framed  and 
raised.  A  raising  was  accomplished  or  per- 
formed with  a  jollification  after  the  building 
was  raised.  A  whole  neighborhood  Avould  be 
invited  to  raise  the  building.  It  Avould  be 
framed    together    upon    the    ground    or    upon 


.i"-4'  - 


^^-  \ 


Cut  No,  137— M.  F.  Willi; 


earning  the  millwright  trade,  working  at  a  water  grist- 
at  the  age  of  eighteen  years 


woods,  cut  down  the  trees,  -awed  IIhmii  into 
frame  timber  lengths,  blocked  them  up,  lined 
them  up  with  red  ehalk  and  a  chalk  line,  or 
if  chalk  was  not  available  they  used  red  keel 
from  the  creek.  First  the  bark  would  be  faced 
oflf  so  the  chalk  would  make  a  mark.  Then  if 
the  tree  was  large  enough  the  woodmen  would 
hack  into  the  chalk  line  at  intervals  of  every 
two  or  three  feet,  then  commence  at  one  end 
and  split  off  what  we  called  "juggles" — the 
round  slab  off  the  tree  if  it  was  in  the  splitting 
season.  Then  with  an  ax  score  into  the  line  or 
near  the  red  chalk  line,  and  the  next  operation 
was  with  a  broad  ax,  referred  to  in  one  of  my 
former  pictures,  showing  father's  broad  ax, 
and  "hew  to  the  line  and  let  the  chips  fall 


blocks  in  what  was  called  bents.  Each  bent 
was  a  section,  transverse  of  the  building.  The 
raising  was  accomplished  by  first  blocking  up 
a  section  to  the  height  of  a  man's  shoulder  (of 
course  after  the  foundation  timbers  were  first 
laid)  ;  then  by  main  strength,  by  the  neighbor- 
hood and  use  of  pike  poles  (which  were  made 
for  the  purpose,  having  a  socket  on  the  top 
end,  made  of  iron,  from  the  backwoods  black- 
smith shop),  raised  and  fastened.  When  the 
building  was  raised  and  completed, — not  I'azed 
to  the  ground  like  a  cyclone, — there  would  be 
a  big  dinner  at  the  house  of  the  owner;  and 
in  the.  evening  the  lassies  would  be  there  with 
their  best  bib  and  tucker,  and  an  enjoyable 
time  would  be  had.    The  old  fiddler  came  from 


THE     WILLIAMS     HISTORY 


back  ill  the  "woods  with  the  lioys  and  girls, — 
sometimes  the  boys  had  their  pants  in  their 
boot-tops,  as  in  those  days  j'oung-  men  all  wore 
boots, — only  horses  and  women  wore  shoes.  The 
next  performance  was  to  place  on  the  i-afters, 
which  A\ere  either  split  out  of  a  log  and  hewn, 
or  hewn  ont  of  saplings,  framed  and  put  in 
place,  and  the  building  covered  with  clap- 
boards, riven  out  by  hand  and  after  the  bviild- 
ing  was  enclosed.  Even  the  doors  and  sash 
were  made  by  hand,  but  lumber  for  this  finish 
Avas  brought  a  long  distance  from  a  sawmill. 
Then  began  the  work  of  getting  out  timber 
from  the  woods  with  which  to  make  the  wood- 
en gearing  for  the  sawmill  or  grist  mill,  which- 
ever it  might  be, — everything  made  by  hand, 
from  the  primeval  forest.  Think  of  a  young 
man  today  gonig  into  the  woods  to  select  and 
chop  down  trees  with  which  to  build  a  mill ' 
Not  one  in  5,000  Mould  have  the  courage,  per- 
haps, but  the  old  pioneer  knew  no  other  way. 

AN    INCIDENT    AT    ELI    YOKUM'S    AND 

JOHN  BUTCHER'S  SAWMILL,  NEAR 

SOMERTON 

Uncle  Sam,  Moss  Carroll  and  mj^self  went 
one  night  up  the  creek  peach  hunting.  I  think 
another  man  went  with  us,  Samuel  Yokura, 
Eli  Yokum's  brother,  and  an  old  bachelor.  He 
directed  the  wa.y  to  the  peach  orchard,  and  we 
climbed  the  hill,  which  was  very  steep,  in 
silence.  We  climbed  a  rail  fence  into  the  peach 
orchard,  and  were  just  completing  the  filling 
of  our  sacks,  when  out  came  a  man  and  a  dog; 
we  did  not  wait  for  an  introduction,  but 
scrambled  over  the  rail  fence  with  our  peaches 
and  down  the  hill  we  went,  still  clinging  to 
our  sacks.  AVe  took  them  to  the  mill  and 
placed  them  in  our  tool  chests.  A  day  or  two 
later  the  ov.iier  of  the  peach  orchard  came 
to  the  mill  hunting  peaclies.  Eli  Yokum  knew 
nothing  about  our  taking  the  peaches,  but 
John  Butcher  was  "en.'"  John  came  to  me 
and  told  me  the  man  who  owned  the  peach 
orchard  was  hunting  the  men  who  took  the 
peaches,  as  someone  had  given  us  awa.v.  I 
introduced    myself    to     the     orchard    owner. 


brought  him  to  my  tool  chest,  opened  the  lid 
and  said,  "There  is  my  portion  of  the  peaches, 
now  much  are  they  worth,  I  am  willing  to  pay 
you  for  them.-'  I  cannot  now  recall  how 
much  he  wanted,  but  we  paid  him  for  the 
peaches,  and  had  a  good  laugh  over  our  nar- 
row escape  from  lieing  caught  by  him  and  his 
dog. 

MY    EXPERIENCE    AT    HALL'S    MILL 

IlaU's  Mill,  a  water  power  sawmill,  "was 
about  two  miles  l)ack  in  the  connti'y  from 
Hall's  Station,  on  the  B.  &  0.  R.  R.,  and  about 
59  miles  west  of  Bridgeport.  In  the  winter  of 
1S65,  while  working  at  Hall's  Mill  and  doing 
millwright  Avork  there,  as  Avas  customary,  the 
employer  furnished  board  and  lodging  to  the 
milhvriglits.  We  lived  in  a  log  cabin  and  did 
our  own  cooking,  the  Halls  furnishing  the 
supplies,  but  the  Halls  Avomen  folks  of  the  tAvo 
brothers  baked  our  bread,  though  Ave  did  the 
other  cooking.  It  fell  to  my  lot  to  Avash 
dishes,  and  I  got  to  be  (|uite  a  dishAvasher; 
though  I  can't  say  I  Avas  in  love  Avith  it,  but 
as  long  as  the  novelty  lasted  I  Avas  all  right. 
For  amusement  at  night  after  supper,  the  seav- 
yer  Avho  lived  at  Halls  and  Avas  a  violin  player, 
frequently  came  over  to  amuse  us  Avith  hi.s 
many  chords,  and  discords,  upon  the  violin, 
commonly  called  a  fiddle.  I  think  his  name 
Avas  St.  Clair,  and  he  had  tAvo  daughters;  I 
tried  to  get  them  to  come  over  and  help  Avash 
dishes,  but  thej'  never  came,  but  I  Avas  invited 
to  their  leg  cabin,  and  did  not  have  to  be 
asked  more  than  six  times  before  I  Avent.  I 
remember  one  night  going  up  into  the  hills, 
about  four  miles,  to  a  spelling  school.  I 
thought  I  Avas  some  speller,  but  after  it  was 
all  over  I  had  ([uite  a  spell  of "  reflection  and 
decided  that   I  could  scarcely  spell  at  all. 

A   FRENCH    FLOUR   MILL 

Cut  No.  140,  from  an  old  print,  shoAvs  a  grist 
mill  in  France.  The  man  carrying  a  sack  of 
grain  up  the  ladder  on  his  shoulder  would,  in 
these  days,  dump  the  grain  into  an  elevator 
that  Avould  deliver  it  to  the  hopper  of  the  mill. 


WINNOWING  GRAIN 


AN   OLD   STYLE   PRINTING   PRESS 

Cut  No.  141  shows  ail  old  style  printing  press 
Avhich  belongs  to  ancient  days.  The  original 
is  now  at  the  Jefferson  Memorial,  Forest  Park, 
St.  Louis,  in  the  basement,  which  original  was 
loaned  to  the  Jefferson  Memorial,  I  think,  by 
O.  W.  Converse,  a  pi'ominent  brickmaker  of 
Springfield,  111.,  and  shows  the  old  method  of 
the  first  printing  press  operated  by  hand. 

THRESHING  GRAIN 
Cut  No.  143  belongs  in  the  evolution  of  M. 


passed  their  early  life  in  the  country.  After 
being  thoroughly  tramped  or  threshed,  next 
came  the  cleaning  process.  Befoi'e  fanning 
mills  were  invented  the  wheat  would  be  gath- 
ered near  a  sheet  spread  upon  the  ground,  the 
wheat  thrown  up  in  small  quantities  and  al- 
lowed to  fall,  and  the  blowing  out  of  the  gen- 
tle zephyrs  would  blow  out  the  chatf  and  the 
dust.  Then  the  wheat  was  considered  clean 
enough  for  milling  purposes,  for  in  those  days 
in  the  early  days  of  milling,  a  wheat  scourer 
or  wheat  cleaner  to  operate  by  power  was  un- 
known. 


Cut   Xo.   140— An   old   Froiich   bulir 


F.  Williams,  in  later  life,  when  he  v.'as  about 
20  years  of  age,  as  a  farmer  boy,  threshing 
wheat  in  an  old-fashioned  tramping  ring, 
where  the  ground  wan  cleared  off  and  swept 
clean  and  a  levee  thrown  up  around  the  I'ing 
filled  with  the  sheaves  of  wheat.  One  would 
take  a  span  of  horses  into  the  ring,  lide  them 
aroimd  and  their  tramping  upon  the  sheaves 
or  heads  of  dry  sheaves,  would  thi'csh  out  the 
grain,  as  is  shown  by  the  illustration.  This 
was  the  earliest  method  in  my  observation, 
and  my  evolution  of  a  threshing  machine, 
which  is  known  today  to  all  old  farmers  who 


WINNOWING    GRAIN 

Cut  No.  142.  Fanning  or  wiiniowing  is  the 
next  process  of  wheat  cleaning,  and  this  ma- 
chine is  a  step  far  in  advance  of  the  primitive 
way  of  throwing  up  the  grist  and  allowing  the 
wind  to  blow  away  the  chaff.  A  fanning  mill 
is  used  today  by  farmers  where  they  wish  to 
get  the  early  grain  to  the  mill.  This  cut  rep- 
resents a  farmer  emptying  the  sack  into  a  hop- 
per of  the  fanning  mill,  which  is  turned  by 
hand.  When  I  was  a  boy  I  helped  to  turn  a 
fanning  mill  many  a  day,  to  clean  wheat  for 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


the  neighbors,  and  I  would  get  as  a  remunera- 
tion sometimes  25  cents  per  day  if  the  farmer 
was  a  liberal  individual  — and  then  he  thought 
he  was  doing  a  great  thing.  In  fact,  turning 
the  fanning  jnill  and  the  grindstone  in  my 
early  life  was  quite  an  occupation,  and  that  is 
really  where  I  got  my  first  start  towards  a 
millionaire  (millions  ol   air). 

RICH  IN  HEALTH,   POOR   IN  POCKET 
Cut    No.    144.      Entitled    from    "Povei-ty    to 
Affluence,"  or  more  properly  from  pov(>rty  to 
comfort — not    extreme     poverty,     however,    as 


chased  the  small  farm  from  Wiley  Weeks,  cur 
onh'  means  of  subsistence  Avas  that  which  we 
raised  upon  the  little  piece  of  land,  and  cur 
market  M'as  Wheeling,  W.  Va.  The  only  means 
of  going  to  market,  like  many  other  people  did 
in  those  days,  was  to  walk  down  the  hill  to 
Bridgeport,  across  Wheeling  Island,  over  the 
two  bridges  to  Wheeling  market  on  Market 
street,  and  carry  our  product,  as  is  shown  in 
the  iiiefure.  This,  however,  did  not  extend 
to  a  very  great  period.  Later  on  we  arranged 
and  joined  with  the  neighbors,  and  M-ould  go 
in   one   of   tlieir   wagons,    and    in    after  yeai-s 


p 

4 

1 

1 

1 

i 

i 

\ 

Cut   No.    141 — .\n  early  printing  press 


none  of  our  Williams  race  were  in  abject  pov- 
ert}',  but  belonged  to  a  class  of  people  who 
could  be  termed  poor,  not  in  intelligence,  but 
in  this  world's  goods.  Cut  No.  144  represents 
Robert  Williams,  the  father,  Milton  F.  Wil- 
liams. Jane,  the  daughter  of  Robt.  Williams, 
and  Fannie  C.  Williams,  or  one  of  the  younger 
children,  going  to  Wheeling  market  from  the 
old  home  in  Ohio  on  the  plank  road  leading 
from  Bridgeport  to  Cadiz,  that  long  since  has 
been  converted  into  a  turnpike.  At  this  pe- 
riod in  life,  when  we  moved  from  Baresville, 
in    1863,   as    previously    described,    and    pur- 


father  rented  a  stand  in  the  Wheeling  market 
and  sold  sorghum  molasses  upon  each  market 
da.y,  besides  selling  other  products.  Later  on, 
as  the  family  prospered,  we  got  a  horse  and 
wagon  of  our  own,  and  attended  market  like 
white  people,  but  this  cut  is  to  illustrate  the 
family's  days  of  struggling  in  the  country; 
each  succeeding  year  they  became  better  fixed 
in  this  world's  goods  and  much  more  advanced 
in  comfort. 

A   ]\IOTTO    FROM    SHAKESPEARE 

"Veiilv  I  swear  'tis  better  to  be  lowly  born 


AS  MILLWRIGHT  AT  DAYTON.  0. 


and  range  with  hnmble  livers  in  content  than 
to  he  perched  up  in  a  glistering  grief  and  wear 
a  golden  sorrow." 

ON   THE   EOAD    IN   MILLWRIGHT    WORK 

After  the  war  I  went  west  to  Dayton.  Ohio, 
where  I  remained  for  several  months,  helping 


onto  the  roof  to  hold  and  steady  a  guyline. 
This  young  man's  name  was  Schneider.  His 
father  was  one  of  the  millwrights  on  the  job 
and  took  the  position  of  foreman  when  Mr. 
DeRush  was  absent. 

In  raising  the  stack  the  stack  began  to  lean 
to  one  side,  pulled  too  heavily  upon  the  rope, 


Cut  No.  143 — A  tramping  ring  for  threshing  grain 


to  build  a  distillery  for  a  man  by  the  name  of 
Eichelburger,  on  what  they  called  the  lower 
canal  in  Dayton. 

While  I  was  working  at  the  distillery  they 
were  installing  the  engine,  boiler  and  smoke- 
stack. The  boss  millwright  on  this  job  was 
Daniel  DeRush,  and  in  raising  the  stack  Mr. 
DeRush  sent  a  young  millwright  with  myself 


Schneider  and  myself  let  go  of  the  rope  (as 
we  had  no  more  sense)  ;  down  went  the  rope 
and  frightened  Mr.  Eichel^biirger 's  black  horse 
hitched  to  his  buggy  outside.  The  horse  ran 
awa.y  and  broke  the  buggy,  almost  beyond 
repair, — l)ut  we  saved  our  lives. 

The    leaning     of    the     stack,    however,     was 
caught  by  a  lower  guy  line  on  the  floor  below, 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISIOKV 


as  he  took  the  precaution  to  have   three  sets 
of  men  with  guy  lines  to  steady  it  by. 

After  having  tinished  that  work,  we  worked 
in  a  tiour  mill  in  the  city  of  Dayton,  and  from 
there  we  went  to  Toledo  and  built  an  oil  mill. 

After  having  finished  the  oil  mill  I  went 
back  home  to  my  father's  home,  remained  a 
few  days,  then  started  westward,  in  March, 
1869.  I  knew  not  whither  I  was  going,  but  I 
did  know  that  I  was  intent  on  finding  work  at 
my  trade,  that  of  a  millwright,  thinking  I  was 
then  a  fullfledged  millwright. 

In  Indianapolis,  I  went  out  upon  west  Me- 
ridian street,  to  tlie  home  of  a  millwright  by 


Louisville,  Ky.,  and  we  got  to  be  very  good 
friends.  Mr.  Pyne  had  nothing  in  my  line,  but 
he  directed  me  to  some  men  who  were  about 
to  build  a  mill  in  the  western  part  of  Indiana. 
I  visited  them, — they  were  not  ready;  they 
wished  to  know  how  much  per  day  I  wanted. 
I  stated  $3.00.  One  of  the  men  said  to  me  that 
a  dollar  looked  to  them  as  large  as  a  cart 
wheel.  I  bid  them  good-by,  went  over  as  far 
as  the  Illinois  Central  road,  stayed  over  night 
at  Pana,  111.;  then  went  north,  intersected  the 
Wabash,  west  to  the  Mississippi  River,  oppo- 
site Keokuk;  crossed  over  on  the  ferry,  took 
passage  on  a  steamboat  going  up  the  Missis- 
sijipi,    landed     at    Muscatine,    la.,    about     six 


No.   144 — Going 


the  name  of  Mai'tez,  but  he  did  not  have  any 
work  for  me.  I  then  went  to  a  millwright 
shop  which  was  the  only  one  in  Indianapolis, 
I  believe,  at  that  time,  which  was  operated  by 
a  man  by  the  name  of  Sturdevant.  I  found 
one  man  only  in  the  shop,  lie  dii'eeted  me  to 
go  over  near  the  river,  which  I  believe  is 
White  River,  as  the  proprietor  was  at  one  of 
David  Gibson's  mills.  The  gentleman  had  no 
work  for  me.  David  Gibson  at  that  time 
owned  two  mills  in  Indianapolis. 

When  I  could  not  find  anything  in  my  line 
at  Indianapolis  I  was  dii'eeted  to  go  to  Co- 
lumbus, Ind.,  to  see  W.  T.  Pyne,  a  millwright 
of   Columbus,   who   in    after   years   located   in 


o'clock  in  the  morning.  Went  up  on  to  Main 
street,  saw  a  man  Avith  Hour  on  his  clothing 
and  followed  him  into  a  grocery  store.  I  ac- 
costed him ;  he  said  he  was  a  millwright.  I 
engaged  Avith  him  to  go  to  work  a  little  later, 
but  his  work  was  not  yet  i-eady.  His  name  was 
Scott. 

Knowing  that  I  had  relatives  in  Iowa,  I  went 
up  to  Atalissa,  on  the  Rock  Island  road,  and 
there  met  my  mother's  brother,  Seth  Hamp- 
ton, who  Avas  a  carpenter  and  cabinet  maker. 
Spent  a  few  days  with  them,  and  from  there 
I  went  to  Viola,  Linn  County,  Iowa.  Met  a 
number  of  relatives,  and  I'emained  there  and 
worked   on  the  farm   for   Robt.   W.   Hampton 


AS  MILLWRIGHT  LN  KANSAS 


until  Mr.  R.  W.  Scott,  in  Muscatine,  notified 
me  to  come  on. 

I  worked  with  Mr.  Scott  upon  three  mills 
on  Cedar  River,  la.,  the  balance  of  the  season ; 
one  of  them  was  Dean's  mill,  near  Tipton,  la., 
the  other.  Smith's  mill,  upon  Sugar  Creek, 
which  creek  led  into  Cedar  River.  The  third  one 
was  down  at  Moscow,  which  mill  was  oper- 
ated by  Peter  E.  Biglow.  After  finishing,  Pe- 
ter did  not  have  money  enough  to  settle  with 
me.  Peter  has  joined  the  angels,  no  dotibt, 
and  is  still  owing  me  $25.00  and  interest, 
which  I  probably  will  nevei-  receive  imtil 
Gabriel  blows  his  horn, — and  then  I  will  not 
even  receive  the  interest. 

From  that  time  I  worked  in  the  sawmills 
and  tlour  mills  in  iluscatinc,  when  I  could  get 
work. 

MY  MILLWRIGHT  EXPERIENCE  IN 
ICANSAS 

In  the  spi'ing  of  1873,  I  heard  of  a  mill 
building  at  or  near  Salina,  Kans.  I  wrote  to 
the  head  millwright,  and  received  word  to 
come  on.  I  then  pulled  up  stakes  in  Musca- 
tine and  left  foi'  "bleeding  Kansas  "  I  ar- 
rived thei'c  in  January,  and  woi-ked  on  lioth 
the  dam  and  the  mill,  2t}  miles  northeast  of 
Salina,  and  lived  in  a  dugout.  What  is  a  dug- 
out ■?  It  is  a  hole  dug  out  in  the  ground,  cov- 
( i-ed  with  boards  and  the  boards  covered  with 
cai-th,  which  makes  a  vei'y  warm  habitation. 
I  remained  at  this  mill  until  it  was  completed. 
During  my  administration  at  this  mill  the  head 
millwright,  who  was  really  a  ship  carpenter, 
— he  and  myself  got  into  a  little  trouble.  He 
was  jealous  of  me  because  I  was  a  better  me- 
chanic than  he  was.  He  then  and  there  dis- 
charged me,  said  I  was  spending  too  much 
time  on  the  work,  making  it  too  good  and  that 
he  didn't  want  me.  One  of  the  proprietors, 
Mr.  Bowne,  was  a  young  Quaker  from  Long 
Island  City,  N.  Y.  The  other  owner  was  Mr. 
Gower,  from  Iowa  City.  Bowne  told  me  to 
remain  there  a  few  days  until  Mr.  Gower  came 
and  he  thought  that  Mr.  Smiley  might  take  a 
notion  that  he  had  business,  back  at  Iowa  City, 
and  thev  wanted  me  to  remain  and  finish  the 


work.     I  did  as  I  was  commanded  and  that  is 
the  way  it  turned  out. 

While  working  upon  the  mill  building,  Mr. 
Smiley  borrowed  from  me  my  hand  axe,  as  he 
didn't  even  own  one.  In  erecting  a  building 
Mr.  Smiley  was  "setting  joists."  He  bor- 
rowed my  hand  axe  with  which  to  space  the 
joists.  In  so  doing,  he  made  a  miss  in  hitting 
the  joists;  the  hand  axe  flew  out  of  his  hand, 
came  over  and  the  blade  of  it  struck  me  just 
above  the  right  eye.  (The  cut  left  a  scar  an 
iiudi  and  a  half  to  two"  inches  in  length,  which 
I  will  carry  to  my  grave.)  A  young  man  from 
Minnesota  pulled  off  his  blouse  and  wrapped 
up  my  head.  Mr.  Bowne  hitched  up  the  Cher- 
okee ])ony  to  a  spring  wagon,  took  me  to  Sa- 
lina, a  surgeon  laid  me  down  on  the  sidewalk, 
shaved  off  a  portion  of  my  hair  on  my  fore- 
head, and  took  twelve  or  more  stitches  in  the 
wound.  I  was  taken  to  the  American  Hotel, 
and  in  le::s  than  three  weeks  I  was  back  on  the 
job. 

Coming  back  to  the  decision  of  the  proprie- 
tors as  to  who  should  remain  to  finish  the  mill, 
the  miller  and  the  proprietor  elected  that  I 
should  remain,  and  Brother  Smiley  should  go 
back  to  Iowa  ('it.\-.  1  i-emained  and  finished 
the  work  and  did  a  creditalde  job,  and  it  was 
the  fir'st  opportunity  which  I  had  had  to  see 
what  I  could  do  as  my  own  boss.  This  job 
lasted  al)out  nine  months.  When  I  left,  Mr. 
Bowne  said,  "Williams,  let  us  settle  up."  I 
said,  "Xo.  you  settle  down  to  business.  I  have 
another  job  at  Lincoln  Center."  I  got  a  man 
to  haul  myself  and  tool  chest  forty  miles  west- 
ward to  Lincoln  Center.  I  paid  him  $3.50  for 
the  trip.  On  the  way  we  stopped  at  the  half- 
way house,  which  was  also  a  dugout.  Ai-i'i\od 
at  Lincoln  Center,  where  I  found  another  ship 
carpenter  trying  to  build  a  flouring  mill,  as  in 
those  days  in  Kansas  genuine  millwrights  were 
as  scarce  as  hen's  teeth.  This  was  also  a  water 
mill  as  well  as  the  one  at  Salina.  Messrs.  Todd 
and  Stanley  Co.,  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  furnished 
the  little  bit  of  machinery  for  both  mills.  The 
owner  of  the  mills  at  Lincoln  Center  was  Mr. 
Bennett  from  Ohio.  I  being  from  Ohio  and 
knowing  my  business,  Mr.  Bennett  discharged 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTOITY 


his  ship  carpenter  and  employed  me  to  finish 
the  job.  Upon  this  mill  I  received  the  highest 
remuneration  that  I  had  ever  had  in  my  life, 
namely,  $4.00  per  day  and  board.  (Incident- 
ally remarking  that  on  the  Smoky  River  mill, 
near  Salina,  I  got  $3.75  per  day  and  board.) 

When  I  left  Bennett's  mill  I  was  hauled  back 
to  Salina  with  my  tools,  and  in  the  40  miles 
between  Lincoln  Center  and  Salina  you  could 
not  see  five  dwelling  houses.  Prairie  grass, 
prairie  grass  and  more  prairie  grass.  Much 
of  it  as  high  as  a  man'.s  head,  riding  upon  a 
horse.  I  remember  one  stcne  house,  built  of 
yellow  ston.e,  which  was  the  most  substantial 
house  I  saw  in  forty  miles.  The  prairies  of 
Kansas  at  this  time  in  some  sections  were  cov- 


lifc.  I  remember  when  they  migrated  from 
this  camp  and  wont  westward.  Not  far  from 
this  place  the  government  built  them  houses 
upon  a  i-eservation.  They  would  live  in  tents 
and  place  their  ponies  in  the  houses.  They 
would  also  chop  up  portions  of  the  houses  for 
kindling  wood  to  build  a  fire  in  their  tepees. 
After  finishing  at  Lincoln  Center,  I  went  back 
to  Salina,  settled  up  with  the  mill  company, 
and  they  gave  me  a  New  York  draft  for 
$750.00, — the  most  money  I  had  ever  had  in 
my  life. 

I  had  my  tools  hauled  to  the  Station  at  Sa- 
lina,— that  is,  my  tool  chest,  which  chest  I 
had  made  when  I  was  a  cub,  or  apprentice 
millwright,  over  in  Pennsylvania.     This  chest 


Cut  No.   145 — My  tool  chest 


ered  Avith  Texas  cattle,  grazing,  herded  by 
cowboys.  Also  in  other  sections  there  were 
droves  and  droves  of  buffalo,  and  incidentally 
remarking,.. while  we  lived  out  on  the  Smoky 
Eiver  in  the  dugout,  all  of  our  meat  wao  buf- 
falo meat.  Adjacent  to  the  mill  grounds  was 
a  camp  of  Kaw  Indians. 

When  I  ai-rived  at  Salina,  which  wa-j  Sun- 
day morning,  and  wended  ray  way  out  to  tlie 
Smoky  Hills,  where  the  water  mill  was  being 
built,  I  met  an  Indian  on  the  bridge  at  Salina 
over  the  Smoky  River, — the  first  live  Indian 
I  had  ever  met.  He  was  a  Kaw.  He  said, 
"Houh, "  and  I  replied  "How,"  but  I  soon 
discovered  he  was  harmless  and  peaceable.  I 
got   to   see   afterwards   quite   a   bit   of   Indian 


was  made  of  walnut,  cherry,  poplar,  oak  and 
pine.  The  frame  was  of  white  oak.  Just  such 
lumber  as  I  could  pick  up  at  a  grist  mill,  which 
we  were  building  in  Pennsylvania.  This  chest 
I  have  yet,  and  would  not  part  with  it  for 
money. 

MY    TOOL    CHEST 

Cut  No.  145  belongs  in  my  evolution  to  ray 
commencement  in  the  city  of  St.  Louis.  This 
is  a  tool  chest  which  I  possess  today.  It  Avas 
my  stock  in  trade  when  I  left  Bridgeport,  Ohio, 
in  the  year  of  1869.  This  tool  chest  I  built 
Miien  I  was  an  apprentice  millwright  learning 
my  trade.  I  built  it  at  a  grist  mill  by  working 
overtime   nights   and   Sundays   in   Washington 


TOPEKA  AND  KANSAS  CITY 


County,  Pa.  I  bought  the  lumber  from  the 
owner  of  the  grist  mill  and  it  was  built  of 
scraps.  The  corner  posts  were  of  white  oak. 
The  rails  forming  the  panel  were  of  cherry, 
walnut  and  oak,  such  as  I  could  pick  up 
armuid  the  mill.  The  panel  in  the  lid  was  wal- 
nut. The  frame  around  the  panel  in  the  lid 
was  of  white  oak,  ash  and  beech.  The  bottom 
was  made  of  pine  and  poplar.  The  tills  inside 
were  finished  after  we  had  gotten  through 
with  the  mill.  The  chest  being  unfinished,  it 
was  shipijcd  to  Wheeling  Island  to  my  Uncle 
S.  B.  Williams'  millwright  shop,  and  there  fin- 
islied.  The  inside  tills  and  finish  were  then 
made  of  white  pine.  As  to  the  handles  of  this 
chest,  the  pattern  was  whittled  out  by  my 
Uncle  S.  B.  Williams.  The  handles  were  made 
by  a  country  blacksmith  over  iu  the  woods  in 
Pennsylvania,  several  miles  from  the  grist  mill. 
I  walked  over  to  this  blacksmith  shop  in  the 
evening  after  supper  and  engaged  him  to 
make  the  handles  and  paid  him  $1.00  a  piece 
for  them.  The  corner  irons  and  binding  around 
the  bottom  and  lid  was  not  finished  for  sev- 
eral years  aftei'wai'ds,  or  until  I  came  to  St. 
Louis.  This  tool  chest  I  then  proceeded  to 
fill  with  millwright  tools  as  I  could  spai'c  the 
money.  When  I  landed  in  Iowa,  Muscatine, 
my  stock  in  trade  was  the  tool  chest  and  less 
than  $25.00  in  mone.v. 

After  leaving  Salinat  and  placing  my  tools 
in  the  railroad  station,  viz.,  the  Kansas  Pa- 
cific, I  went  to  JIarion  Center,  as  I  had  a  sister 
and  bi-othei'-in-law  living  at  Marion  Center  tiy 
the  name  of  Chandlei'.  However,  my  Sister 
Mary  L.  was  in  Ohio.  After  remaining  two  or 
three  days  with  Curtis  and  Georgia  Chandler 
at  Marion  Center,  Curtis  drove  me  in  a  two- 
horse  wagon  over  to  Peabody.  Peabody  was  a 
station  only,  and  the  station  house, — the  only 
house  there  on  the  townsite.  There  at  the  sta- 
tion whom  did  I  meet  but  one  George  Spenee, 
whom  I  had  met  and  known  in  Wilton  Junc- 
tion, Iowa,  when  I  was  working  at  Smith's  mill 
on  Sugar  Creek.  George  Spenee,  while  at 
Wilton  Junction,  was  a  brakeman  on  the  C.  R. 
I.  &  P.  Raili'oad,  and  while  in  that  capacity 
he  got  his  loft  hand  mashed  or  lacerated  in 
such   a   manner  that   it   had  to  be  amputated. 


In  the  \\inter  of  1869,  a  portion  of  the  winter 
I  did  not  have  work.  George  Spenee  sued  a 
doctor  in  Wilton  Junction  for  malpractice,  and 
the  trial  was  being  held  at  Muscatine.  I  was 
very  anxious  to  learn  how  the  trial  would 
come  of¥  and,  having  no  work  at  this  time,  I 
attended  court  every  day,  until  the  trial  was 
over,  but  George  Spenee  lost  his  case.  I  have 
.■lever  forgotten  this  malpractice  case.  George 
Spenee  told  me  he  would  share  his  bed  with 
me  in  the  station  house,  and  next  day  he  got  a 
pass  for  me, — the  only  pass  I  ever  had  in  my 
life, — and  this  was  volunteered  by  Mr.  Spenee, 
up  to  Topeka,  on  a  freight  train. 

From  Topeka  I  went  to  Lawrence,  Kans.,  to 
visit  John  C.  Bare,  a  boyhood  acquaintance 
from  Baresville,  Moni-oc  County,  Ohio.  John 
was  a  millwright ;  he  learned  his  trade  with 
my  LTnele  Samuel  and  at  one  time  he  was  my 
boss  on  the  mill  menlioncd  above,  while  LTnele 
Samuel  went  to  coiuluct  some  olhci'  mill  job. 
John  C.  ISare  at  this  time  did  not  have  any 
millwright  work.  I  found  him  working  in  a 
Quaker  church  in  Lawrence,  putting  in  the 
seats.  John  was  a  very  fine  workman;  he 
could  turn  his  hand  to  carpenter  work,  cabi- 
net woi'k,  or  millwright  work. 

ily  next  move  was  to  Kansas  Cit,v.  While 
there  I  did  not  succeed  in  finding  millwright 
woi-k.  However,  there  was  to  be  built,  down 
on  the  bottom  a  six-run  corn  mill,  but  I  did 
not  wait  until  they  were  ready.  At  this  junc- 
ture in  m.y  life  I  made  up  my  mind  that  I  would 
try  some  other  occupation.  I  thouglit  I  would 
take  up  the  life  of  a  brakeman  on  the  I'ailroad, 
as  it  would  be  a  more  stead.y  occupation  than 
millwright  work ;  but  there  was  so  much  red 
tape  connected  with  getting  a  position,  being 
sent  from  one  to  another  office,  I  finally  got 
disgusted,  and  decided  St.  Louis  for  me. 
Therefore  after  remaining  one  or  two  nights 
at  the  old  hotel,  still  standing,  just  north  of 
the  old  depot  in  Kansas  City,  I  bought  a 
ticket  for  St.  Louis,  over  the  Missouri  Pacific. 

MY    WORK   IN    ST.  LOUIS    AS   JOURNEY- 
MAN MILLWRIGHT 

In  October,  1871,  I  arrived  in  St.  Louis,  after 
sitting  up  all   night  and  snoozing  a  little,   as 


■I'HE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


there  were  no  sleepers  in  those  days;  possibly 
I  came  in  a  chair  ear.  I  arrived  at  the  old 
Seventh  Street  depot, — Missouri  Pacific.  The 
only  tovrn  I  remembered  coining  through  the 
following  morning  was  Kirkwood.  I  always 
remembered  the  name  of  the  station. 

The  Seventh  Street  depot  is  now  occupied 
by  a  group  of  buildings  known  as  Cupples 
Station.  Immediately  across  the  street,  east 
of  the  old  depot,  was  a  hotel,  I  think  called 
the  Pacific  House.  I  engaged  room  and  board 
and  remained  there  one  day  and  one  night. 
The  first  day  that  I  arrived  I  inciuired  for  the 
building  and  office  of  Messrs.  G.  &  W.  Todd 
&  Co.,  a  mill-furnishing  house,  down  on  Sec- 
ond street  and  ("hen-y  street,  Avhich  has  long 
since  been  olilitcrated  by  railroad  tracks  and 
buildings.  I  was  ushered  before  one  Henry 
Stanley,  long  since  deceased.  However,  I  am 
ahead  of  ray  story.  After  I  left  the  Pacific 
House  I  engaged  room  and  board  upon  the 
northwest  corner  of  Sixtli  and  Market,  at  the 
old  Garland  House,  where  I  remained  for  about 
three  j^ears,  as  my  liouio.  It  is  now  occupied 
by  a  picture  show  on  the  corner  and  as  a  room- 
ing house  above,  as  it  is  a  three-stoiy  building 
I  appealed  to  the  landlord,  Mr.  Garland,  fo 
know  what  to  do  with  my  New  York  draft  to 
have  it  eonvei-ted  into  money,  so  1  could  de- 
posit it  into  a  bank  for  a  nest  egg  and  a  start 
in  the  city  of  St.  Louis.  Mr.  Garland,  a  hotel 
proprietor,  didn't  know  much  more  about  it 
than  I  did.  He  took  it  down  on  Second  street 
to  a  wholesale  house,  and  he  didn't  get  much 
satisfaction  from  them.  He  brought  it  back 
to  me.  However,  he  asked  me  to  pay  board  in 
advance.  I  replied,  "Mr.  Garland,  that  is  one 
thing  I  will  not  do.  I  will  pay  my  bills,  but 
will  not  pay  in  advance  to  anyone." 

I  won  his  confidence,  and  as  long  as  I  re- 
mained there  I  never  was  asked  to  pay  in  ad- 
vance after  that.  But  after  going  down  to  G. 
&  \V.  Todd  &  Co.,  and  showing  the  draft  to 
Henry  Stanley,  he,  being  a  real  live  business 
man,  told  me  what  to  do  with  it.  I  took  it  to 
the  Mechanics  Bank,  at  Seventh  and  Market, 
and  deposited  same,  for  an  account  and  for  a 


nest  egg.  and  have  never  been  without  a  sav- 
ings account  to  this  day. 

The  Mechanics  Bank  was  then  at  Seventh  and 
Market,  but  has  long  since  been  removed.  An 
office  building,  of  steel  and  concrete  construc- 
tion, now  stands  there  and  is  known  as  the 
Missouri  Pacific  Building,  where  the'  offices  of 
the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad  Co.  of  St.  Louis 
are  located. 

I  asked  Mr.  Stanley  whei-e  I  could  get  mill- 
wright work.  He  directed  me  to  go  up  to 
Twenty-first  and  Market  streets,  where  Henry 
Schanafelt,  a  boss  millwright,  was  building 
a  flour  mill  at  a  place  called  Camp  Spring, 
now  covered  by  the  LTnion  Station,  the  west 
side  of  it,  about  where  the  baggage  room  is, 
— which  mill  was  Jx'ing  built  for  one  Mr. 
Ackerman,  long  since  dead.  After  having  a 
talk  with  Schanafelt,  and  telling  him  I  came 
to  St.  Louis  to  get  into  the  millwright  busi- 
ness, he  stated,  "You  are  the  man  I  am  look- 
ing for  if  you  are  all  right.  Where  are  you 
from?"  I  replied,  "Born  and  raised  in  Ohio. 
I  am  a  Buckeye."  He  remarked,  "Some  pretty 
good  men  come  from  Ohio." 

He  said,  "Go  down  to  the  shop  and  see  my 
father  at  1417  North  Second  street,  who  is  not 
a  millwright,  but  a  carriage  maker.  He  has 
charge  of  the  shop  and  he  will  tell  you  what 
to  do." 

After  meeting  old  Grandfather  Schanafelt, 
he  asked  mc  where  my  tools  were.  I  said  in 
Salina,  Kans.  He  said,  "Get  them  here  as 
(piickly  as  j'oii  can."  I  immediately  wrote  or 
perhaps  wired  to  the  station  agent  at  Salina, 
Kans.,  to  forward  my  tools  at  once  to  St.  Louis, 
Mo.  Old  Grandfather  Schanafelt  loaned  me 
his  son's  tools,  and  I  immediately  went  to 
work  reconstructing  a  freight  elevator,  for  the 
Globe  Printing  Co.,  now  the  Globe-Democrat, 
upon  Fourth  and  Pine.  I  worked  there  until 
the  job  was  completed,  with  another  mill- 
wright by  the  name  of  McDowell.  After  fin- 
ishing there  I  repaired  back  to  1417  North 
Second  street,  and  was  placed  upon  construct- 
ing some  ore  ^vashers  for  the  old  Fulton  Iron 
Works.     Superintendent  was  one  Geo.  Fisher, 


AS  MILLWRIGHT  IN  ST.  LOUIS 


who  has  been  dead  12  or  15  years,  perhaps 
longer.  (However,  his  son  George  is  running 
a  machine  shop  on  North  Main  street,  which 
shop  has  been  helping  to  build  feed  crushers 
and  grinders  for  the  Williams  Patent  Crusher 
and  Pulverizing  Co.  for  the  past  .vear,  and 
just  finished  up  all  of  his  contracts,  Saturday 
evening,  November  24th,   1917.) 

I    MEET    ilY    FUTURE    WIFE    IN 
STAUNTON,    ILLS. 

After  I  had  helped  to  tinish  the  lead  ore 
wa:-hers.  called  gigs,  I  ran  out  of  work  and 
heai-d  that  ilessrs.  Woodward  &  Dwight.  of 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  office  doMn  on  Commercial  al- 
ley, were  rebuilding  a  mill  which  had  burned 
at  Staunton,  Ills.,  Macoupin  County.  I  wrote 
to  the  manager,  whose  name  was  John  Jeanin. 
He  said  for  me  to  come  on ;  that  if  I  vras  a 
good  millwright  he  would  pay  mo  •'t^:!.7;'i  jier 
da.v.  but  that  I  must  pay  my  own  board.  Ycm 
can  rest  assured  tliat  I  went.  This  was  upon 
the  Wabash,  some  fifty  or  sixt.v  miles  noi'th- 
east  of  St.  Louis.  I  bought  my  ticket  at  the 
Wabash  (  Ifier,  whci'i'  now  the  Plarlers  Hotel 
stands:  went  ovrr  on  the  East  Side,  crossing 
on  the  ice  in  a  bus,  and  took  a  Wabash  train 
fo7'  Staunton.  I  remained  at  Staunton  \intil 
Oetolxr  or  November  the  sar.ie  ,\-enr,  finished 
up  the  woi'k  aihi  was  tlic  last  millv.i-ight  left 
ui)oii  the  .iob.  While  at  Staunton  [  one  Suiulay 
morning  went  to  a  eluii-cli.  a  .Metliodist  ehureli. 
ar.d  while  there  I  saw  in  the  audieiice  a  little 
curly  headed  gill  in  short  di-esses.  This  t>irl 
was  with  hei'  two  sister;  in  Staunton,  running 
a  milliner  shop.  In  passing  the  milliner  sliop 
to  and  from  my  meals,  I  never  forg,)t  to  nuike 
eyes  towai-ds  Ww  nulliuer  sho]),  but  it  was  a 
long  tiuie  before  I  could  see  this  girl  again, 
but  occasionally  I  would  pass  her  on  the  side- 
walk. While  working  at  Woodward  &  Dwight 's 
mill,  upon  one  occasion  a  man  by  the  name  of 
George  Bly  was  in  the  retail  department  sell- 
ing feed — this  was  long  after  the  mill  had 
started  running — and  1  knowing  that  the  mil- 
liner lived  in  one  side  of  a  building  and  Geo. 
Bly  and  his  wife  in  the  other  side  of  the  build- 
ing, I  remarked  to  George  Bly  as  follows: 
"George,   T   will    give   you   $50.00   if   you  will 


introduce  me  to  the  little  milliner."  He  re- 
plied, "I  can  do  better  than  that.  I  will  have 
my  wife  invite  the  milliners  and  yourself  to 
supper  some  evening,  and  it  will  not  cost  you 
50  cents,"  which  he  did,  and  I  have  been  for- 
ever after  grateful  to  George  Bly,  who  is  now 
Doctor  Bly,  of  BeardstoMn,  Ills.  (Upon  Labor 
Day,  1918,  we  made  a  trip  to  Peoria  on  a  steam- 
boat, and  while  freighting  at  Beardstown  I 
asked  a  gentleman  to  telephone  and  go  up  and 
get  George  Bly  to  come  down,  that  jNI.  F.  Wil- 
liams and  his  wife  were  on  the  boat.  George,  or 
Doctor,  Bly  immediately  came  down  and  we 
renewed    old    aei|uaintance.) 

MY  FIRST  BOARDING  PLACE  IN 
ST.  LOUIS 

Cut  No.  1-Ki  is  a  lepresentation  of  the  old 
Garbuul  House,  Avhich  was  situatctl  upon  the 
northeast  corner  of  Sixth  and  ilai-ket  streets, 
where  I  first  boarded  when  I  landed  in  St. 
Louis  in  1!^71  and  1S7:2.  This  same  old  Gar- 
land House  was  my  home  for  about  three  .vears. 
This  picture  or  skelcli   is  dra\\'n  fi-oni  nu^mory 

a  first  story  wliieli  was  of  any  value,  A  fi'uit 
stand  was  in  fi'ont,  which  extended  down  into 
a  basenn'iit  not  over  six  feet  deep.  Why  all 
this  first  story  wa  ;  ^vasted  was  because  at  the 
time  th(>  house  A\as  Imilt.  probably  fifty  or 
sixty  years  previously,  that  they  did  not  value 
ground  sjiacc  ns  they  do  toda.\-.  This  house 
has  been  toi'n  awa.\-.  and  is  now  superseded 
by  a  i)icture  show.  Tlie  city  number  was  525 
Mai-ket    street. 

M.   F.   WILLIAMS  GOING  TO  WORK 

Cut  No.  147  is  made  to  represent  M.  F.  Wil- 
liams while  boarding  at  the  old  Garland  House 
or  525  Market  street,  in  1872-3  and  4,  going 
to  my  work,  carrying  my  dinner  bucket.  While 
this  is  only  an  illustration,  it  is  a  fact  just  tlie 
same,  that  frequently  I  would  walk  from 
Sixth  and  Market  to  1417  North  Second  street 
or  to  mills,  factories  or  other  places  where  I 
was  doing  millwright  work,  but  the  engraver 
in  one  sense  has  misrepresented  M.  F.  Wil- 
liams.    He  has  gotten  a  portion  of  my  raiment 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


entirely  too  modern.  I  never  wore  a  belt  in 
my  life.  I  never  carried  a  gun  in  mj-  life.  I 
scarcely  ever  shot  a  gun  or  pistol  in  my  life. 
I  always  wore,  and  do  to  this  day,  suspenders 
and  a  vest.     The  hottest  day  I  wear  a  vest  to 


give  .$100.00  for  my  old  dinner  bucket  with  a 
cup  in  the  top  for  coffee  and  a  coffee  cup  with 
the  handle  on  the  outside.  In  later  years  I 
got  to  carrying  a  basket,  as  baskets  became 
more  common  for  workmen  than  buckets,  and 


Cut  No.  146— J  lie  old  Garland  House    Sixth  and  Market  streets,  St.  Louis 


in  St.   Louis 


and  from  my  -work,  and  when  I  arrive  at  the 
office  or  factory  I  divest  myself  of  my  outer 
garments,  including  the  vest.  AVhy  I  refer  to 
this  characteristic  is  that  I  have  no  use  for  a 
belt,  and  I  would  at  this  day,  as  poor  as  I  am, 


later  on  I  have  observed  that  workmen  carried 
their  lunch  in  a  pasteboard  box  made  of  what 
is  called  stencil  board ;  but  still  more  common, 
they  would  wi'ap  their  lunch  in  a  newspaper 
and  carry  in  their  pocket,  ashamed  to  be  car- 


THE  EPIZOOTIC  IN  ST.  LOUIS 


lying  lunch.  Later  on,  as  I  became  more  able 
financially,  I  did  not  carry  lunch,  but  would 
buj'  it  at  the  nearest  restaurant.  But  at  this 
late  date,  in  uiy  72nd  year,  I  have  quit  eating 
lunch,  eat  b\it  two  meals  a  day,  and  hearty 
ones  at  that. 


THE    AUTHOR    OF    THIS    HISTORY   AND 
HIS  WIFE 

Cut  No.  148.  M.  F.  Williams,  photo  taken 
in  1873,  in  his  ■27th  year,  in  St.  Louis,  ]\Io.,  two 
years  before  marriage.  The  hirsute  appendage 
at  that  age  was  profuse.  The  sparse  and  scat- 
tered  growth   upon   the    ehiu    might    indicate 


the  transporting  was  done  by  hand.  This 
represents  M.  F.  Williams  and  Owen  Schana- 
felt  hauling  lumber  from  Sehulenberg  and 
Boeckeler's  lumber  yard  and  planing  mill  at 
11th  and  Cass  Avenue,  down  to  1417  North 
2nd  Street,  as  there  was  no  other  possible 
means  of  transportation  at  that  time.  Busi- 
ness was  practically  paralyzed,  so  far  as  manu- 
facturing was  concerned,  except  that  which 
could  be  done  by  hand,  hand  carts  and  oxen. 

Cut  No.  151  shows  a  more  graphic  descrip- 
tion of  the  effects  of  the  epizootic,  showing  the 
Mississippi  River  frozen  over  and  transpoi'ta- 
tion  across  the  river  on  the  ice  by  hand  and 
bv  a  few  oxen  attached  to  sleds.     The  bnild- 


Cut   No.    148— M.    F.    Williams 
seven  j-ears  of  age 


M.     F.    Williams 
years   of  age 


that   my   father   was   a   soldier    and    that    the 
growth  of  whiskers  came  up  in  platoons. 

Cut  No.  149  represents  Emma  P.  Stevens, 
later  Mrs.  M.  F.  Williams,  in  her  17th  year,  in 
1878,  before  her  marriage  two  years  later; 
then  living  at  Staimton,  Ills.,  but  married  at 
Gillespie,  Ills.,  Macoupin  County,  November 
23rd,  187.3. 

EPIZOOTIC  EFFECTS  IN  ST.  LOUIS 
Cut  No.  150.  Illustration  showing  two  men 
hauling  lumber  in  a  lumber  cart,  during  the 
horse  and  mule  scourge,  called  the  epizootic. 
In  reality  this  was  an  everday  occurrence  a'nd 
an  everyday  scene,  during  that  period,  as  all 


ings  upon  tlie  levee  show  about  how  they 
looked  in  some  sections,  but  the  observer  will 
not  see  a  repi-esentation  of  any  bridge  as  there 
was  none  at  that  time.  The  reader  will  won- 
der how  oxen  could  stand  upon  ice  and  icy 
streets.  These  oxen  were  shod  like  a  horse 
and  kept  rough  shod,  otherwise  they  could 
not  stand  up.  At  this  period  coal  went  up  to 
•$1.00  per  bushel,  and  many  poor  families  al- 
most froze  to  death,  as  at  that  time  we  had 
almost  continuously  zero  weather,  not  a  street 
car  running  oi-a  horse  or  mule  in  service.  This 
was  in  1872-3-. 

In   addition  to  the  small-pox  being  an   epi- 
demic  in   the   winter   of   1872-3,   the   epizootic 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


■\\ns  also  prevalent;  while  medical  books  call  How  did  we  haul   lumber  from  the  lumber 

it    ill   the   human   "influenza,"   in   horses    and  yards  to  our  shops?     We  hauled  it   by  hand, 

mules   it   was   called  the   "epizootic."     Every  by  man-power  with  wooden  trucks,  which  was 

horse  and  every  mule  in  the  City  of  St.  Louis  slow.     How  did  we  get  our  tool  chests  to  and 

and   surrounding   country,   and   I   might    state  fi'om  the  station?     By    man  power    and  hand 


Cut   No.    150 — Men   hauling   lumber 


universally  from  the  Atlantic  Coast  to  the 
Pacific  Coast,  and  from  the  frigid  North  to  the 
Southern  Coast — these  animals  would  sneez'e 
and  cough  with  the  epizootic:  a  very  profuse 
running     at     the    nose,     coughing,     coughing. 


trucks.  How  did  people  get  coal?  Some  of 
them  didn't  get  it,  and  it  went  up  to  $1.00 
per  bushel,  as  it  all  had  to  come  from  East 
St.  Louis,  111.  Hundreds  and  hundreds  of  men 
and  women   could  be  seen   crossing   the  ice — 


Cut  No    151 — Bringing  coil  across  the  Mississippi   Ruer  on  the  ice 


coughing — but  as  I  now  remember,  very  few 
died.  Every  street  car  and  railway  transpor- 
tation company — omnibus  line  or  any  other 
transportation  company  —  were  absolutely 
stopped  dead  still  on  account  of  the  epizootic. 


(as  we  had  no  bridges,  and  the  feri-ics  were 
the  only  transportation  otherwise,  and  the 
river  Avas  frozen  over) — these  people  were 
cai-rying  coal  in  sacks  upon  their  backs.  Think 
of  going  to  East  St.  Louis  with  a  gunny  sack 


THE  UNION  MARKET,  ST.  LOUIS 


or  a  wheat  sack  to  carry  a  bushel  of  coal  to 
your  home  many  blocks  away,  across  on  the 
rough  ice.  There  was  suffering  untold  by  the 
poor,  and  enough  suffering  by  the  rich.  How- 
ever, thanks  to  the  good  Lord,  this  spell  did 
not  last,  for  horre  and  mule  sickness,  more 
than  a  month  at  the  outside.  But  what  did 
the  express  people  do  and  other  people  do? 
They  sent  agents  out  into  the  country  in  the 
adjacent  states  and  bought  oxen.  Brought 
them  in  by  droves.  These  oxen  were  hitched 
up  both  doubly  and  singly.  The  only  vehicles 
we  could  see  around  the  Union  market,  the 
express  companies  or  any  other  transportation 
companies,  were  ox  teams.     Think  about  going 


then.  The  representation  of  this  building  and 
the  vehicles  surrounding  same,  are  to  show 
that  the  epizootic  or  the  horse  and  mule  dis- 
ease, which  might  be  termed  influenza  in  per- 
sons, rendered  the  City  of  St.  Louis  and  pos- 
sibh^  the  whole  country  from  Maine  to  Cali- 
fornia, horseless  and  muleless  during  the  time 
that  this  disease  was  prevalent.  I  entered  St. 
Louis  in  October,  1871,  and  the  disease  got  to 
St.  Louis  perhaps  in  the  latter  part  of  Decem- 
ber, or  the  early  part  of  January ;  the  epizootic 
was  so  prevalent  that  traffic  was  practically 
stopped  as  regards  animal  hauling.  Express 
wagons,  grocery  wagons  or  any  kind  of  wag- 
ons for  a  period — as  I  now  remember  of  from 


m^ 


Union  Market  in  /870Dur/n§  r/iefp/r6otic 
Cut  No.   152 — Union   Market  on   Ncrlh   Broadway 


down  tOAvn  from  North  ilarkct  Street  to  JMar- 
ket  Street  in  an  ox  cart  1  It  had  to  be  done. 
Hundreds  of  people  were  carrying  produce  in 
baskets,  as  it  was  the  only  Avay  on  earth  they 
had  of  getting  something  to  eat.  "While  it  is 
true  the  railroad  companies  were  not  closed 
down,  the  transportation  was  very,  very  slow, 
and  we  had  reverted  back  many  hundreds  of 
years  to  the  Hindu  method  and  the  Chinese 
method  of  transportation. 

THE   UNION   MARKET   IN    ST.    LOUIS 

Cut  No.  152  represents  the  Union  JIarket  at 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  in  the  winter  of  1871  and  '72, 
which  building  is  now  standing,  same  as  it  was 


four  to  six  weeks,  possibly  eight  weeks,  haul- 
ing was  absolutely  paralyzed  except  as  oxen 
were  brought  in  from  the  country  and  UT;ed 
for  hauling.  Aside  from  oxen,  men  in  droves 
did  hauling  where  it  was  absolutely  necessary, 
which  was  very  slow  progress.  The  man  rep- 
resented with  the  hand  cart  came  into  use 
by  hundreds.  For  instance,  hauling  a  tool 
chest  or  small  packages  to  and  from  the  old 
Seventh  Street  depot  at  Seventh  and  Poplar, 
or  any  other  depot,  had  to  be  done  by  hand. 
Coal  had  to  be  carried  across  the  river  or 
carted  by  hand-power.  Coal,  according  to  my 
recollection,  went  up  to  $1.00  per  bushel  and 
its  scarcity   caused   much  suffering.     Cut   No. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


152  is  a  fair  example  of  what  could  be  seen 
on  the  streets  of  St.  Louis.  One  can  imagine 
that  oxen  were  not  plentiful  and  not  many 
could  be  obtained  in  so  short  a  space  of  time; 
and,  further,  as  I  remember  and  as  statistics 
will  show,  not  a  great  many  of  the  animals 
died,  but  got  over  the  disease.  A  total  street 
ear  tie-up  or  strike  which  we  have  recently 
had  in  the  month  of  February,  1918,  is  no 
comparison  to  the  tie-up  of  traffic  during  the 
epizootic,  for  the  fact  was  that  there  was 
but  one  mode  of  baggage  transportation,  and 
that  by  hand  power.  No  automobiles  were  in 
existence,  no  horses  or  mule  traffic  available — 
nothing  but  hand  power.  While  St.  Louis  was 
not  as  large  a  city  at  that  time,  yet  the  para- 
lization   of  traffic  was   e(iually  as  effective  in 


tion  with  this  anti(|uated  piece  of  lumber  are 
still  fresh  in  my  memory,  and  since  I  am  fond 
of  antiquity,  it  is  well  worth  commemorating, 
preserving  and  placing  in  my  book  of  history. 

RIVP]R    TRAFFIC 

At  that  time  steamboating  was  at  its  best, 
both  on  flic  Mississippi  and  Missouri  Rivers, 
but  about  the  time  of  the  building  of  the  St. 
Louis  bridge  steamboating  began  to  decline 
and  has  gone  down  until  it  is  almost  a  thing 
of  the  past.  The  ilissouri  River  has  been  de- 
serted by  the  government  and  is  today  an 
orphan  in  the  sense  of  being  backed  up  by  the 
government.  There  has  been  a  strong  effort 
by  a  few  friends  of  the  deep  waterway  organ- 
ization  to  have  a  14  to   16-foot   channel  from 


rd    from   i\l,    K.    Williams'   work   bench 


proportion  and,  in  fact,  more  so  that  at  any 
period  in  the  history  of  the  city  of  St.  Louis. 
The  Federal  census  of  1870  gives  the  popula- 
tion of  St.  Louis  as  310,867. 

A  RELIC  OF  PERSONAL  INTEREST  TO 
THE  AUTHOR 

Cut  No.  152-A  represents  a  board  from  a 
work-bench  which  M.  F.  Williams  did  his  first 
day's  work  on  as  a  millwright  at  1417  N.  Sec- 
ond Street  in  October,  1872.  This  board  and 
bench  were  in  a  millwright  shop  at  1417  N. 
Second  Street,  and  the  same  board  and  work- 
bench in  after  years  was  moved  to  2701  N. 
Broadway  and  passed  through  a  fire  which 
occurred  September  18th,  1903,  at  3:30  o'clock 
in  the  morning.     The  recollections  in   connec- 


Chicago  through  the  canals  to  New  Orleans. 
A  steel  barge  line  has  been  started  and  will 
probably  be  completed  at  no  distant  day,  but 
since  the  government's  attention  is  almost 
taken  up  with  the  European  war  it  is  possible 
that  very  little  will  be  done  in  deepening  chan- 
nels and  protecting  levees  until  the  war  has 
subsided  and  peace  been  declared  throughout 
the  world. 

Cut  No.  153  represents  the  "W.  S.  Pike," 
which  belongs  to  the  history  of  the  early 
srowth  of  the  city  of  St.  Louis,  which  history 
has  been  furnished  by  the  Missouri  Historical 
Society,  of  which  organization  I  am  a  member, 
and  is  supposed  to  be  the  first  steamboat  ever 
coming  up  the  Mississippi  and  lauding  at  the 
early  town   of  St.   Louis.     Fuller   description 


ST.  LOUIS  IN  1873 


173 


will  be   given  of  this  stcaniboat   in  tlie   early 
history  of  St.  Lonis. 

Cut   No.   154  represents  the  landing   at  the 
City  of  St.  Louis  of  steamboats  in  about  the 


MILLWEIGHT  BUSINESS  IN  ST.  LOUIS 

After  finishing  my  work  for  Woodward  & 
Dwight  at  Staunton,  Ills.,  I  worked  for  one 
other  boss  in  St.  Louis  before  I  went  to  Staun- 


Cut   No.   153 — The   first   steamboat   .it   St.   Louis 


year  1873,  showing  some  of  the  buildings  upon 
the  levee,  the  railroad  track  and  train,  the 
iiidiistry  at  that  date  of  steamboating  up  and 
down  the  Mississippi  River.  The  landing  and 
levee  in  those   days    extended   possibly   from 


ton,  but  upon  my  return  I  came  back  to  work 
for  Foreman  &  Shanafelt.  I  did  not  work  for 
Henry  Shanafelt  more  than  eight  weeks,  on 
the  account  that  at  this  time  the  smallpox  was 
an  epidemic    in  St.  Louis.     Henry    Shanafelt 


Cut  Xo.   154— Steamboats  at  St.   Louis  in   1873 


Arsenal  Street  up  to  St.  Louis  Avenue.  A  few 
years  ago  I  was  told  by  an  old  veteran  lumber- 
man, by  the  name  of  Druey,  that  he  had  seen 
tne  day  when  150  steamboats  would  come  to 
St.  Louis  and  leave  St.  Louis  in  one  day — not 
one  week,  but  one  day. 


contracted  the  smallpox  and  died  in  a  house 
on  the  southeast  corner  of  Ninth  and  BTooklyn, 
and  his  death  seemed  to  have  left  an  opening  in 
the  millwright  business  three  years  later  for 
M.  F.  Williams.  At  that  time  the  smallpox  was 
an  epidemic.    It  came  on  a  little  before  the  epi- 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


zootie.  Seven  men  and  -womon  died  from  the 
Gai'land  Honse  with  smallpox.  M.  F.  Wil- 
liams remained,  but  went  up  on  Morgan  street 
to  a  doctor  recommended  by  Mr.  Garland  and 
got  vaccinated,  and  from  the  effects  I  scarcely 
had  what  was  termed  the  varioloid.  At  the 
time  of  Henry  Schanafelt's  death,  he  was  ow- 
ing me  for  six  weeks'  work,  which  I  never 
received,  as  after  his  death  his  wife  came  on 
from  Indiana  and  administered  upon  his  es- 
tate, which  was  very  small,  and  l)etween  his 
wife  and  children  his  creditors  were  beaten 
out  of  their  just  dues.  However,  I  did  not 
regret  it.  for  the  reason  that  on  the  account 
of  the  death   of  H.   A.   Shanafelt   it   made   an 


$1000."  He  seemed  surprised.  "Well,  then, 
if  you  are  willing  we  will  go  in  together." 
We  shook  hands  and  I  remarked,  "Call  it  a 
bargain." 

GOING   INTO   PARTNERSHIP   WITH 
W.    H.   FOREMAN 

Cut  No.  156  is  a  portrait  of  Wm.  H.  Foreman, 
my  first  partner  in  business  in  St.  Louis.  Wm. 
H.  Foreman  and  myself  entered  into  partner- 
ship January  1st,  1875.  He  passed  away  about 
eight  j'cars  ago.  His  good  wife,  who  is  now 
living  in  St.  Louis  upon  Greer  avenue,  fur- 
nished the  photograph  which  we  are  now  de- 


^=A  5 


Cut  No.  157— Xint 


opening  in  the  millwright  l)usiness  for  Wm. 
H.  Foreman  and  Schanafelt's  father.  Fore- 
man became  tired  of  Sehanafelt  for  a  partner 
because  he  was  not  a  millwright,  and  while 
working  for  the  firm  of  Foreman  and  Sehana- 
felt, in  1874,  in  the  railroad  station  at  Troy, 
Madison  County,  Ills.,  waiting  for  the  train 
with  Foreman  to  go  to  St.  Louis,  he  made  this 
remark  to  me:  "Williams,  how  would  you  like 
to  become  my  partner  in  the  place  of  old  man 
Shanafelt?"  I  replied,  "Mr.  Foreman,  I 
came  to  St.  Louis  to  get  into  the  millwright 
business."  His  next  question  was,  "Have  you 
any  money  saved?"  I  replied,  "Yes."  "How 
much?"  he   asked.     My  answer   was,   "About 


scribing  as  No.  156.  The  most  of  her  time  is 
spent  in  California  at  San  Diego,  but  this  win- 
ter has  been  so  mild  that  she  has  remained  here 
in  the  city,  has  paid  us  a  visit  of  a  week  at  a 
time,  twice  this  winter,  and  possibly  will  spend 
another  week,  providing  she  does  not  go  to 
California  yet  this  winter.  Wm.  H.  Foreman 
was  an  honest  man,  not  a  very  great  business 
man,  but  as  a  millwright  was  a  splendid  me- 
chanic;  and  as  a  wood-worker  at  his  leisure 
moments  making  fine  inlaid  work  of  figured 
furniture,  I  must  confess  that  I  never  saw  his 
equal.  Not  being  possessed  of  good  health  and 
a  robust  disposition,  he  was  yet  a  most  credit- 
able man  and  respected  citizen,   and  left  his 


MY  FIRST  BUSINESS  PARTNER 


wife  in   good   circumstances,   Avhich   many    an 
artisan  does  not. 

We  remained  in  partnership  for  five  years. 
During  this  copartnership  we  made  very  little 
money  outside  of  a  living.  Neither  of  us  knew 
much  about  doing  business,  neither  of  us  had 
very  much  money;  but  during  our  copartner- 
ship each  of  us  bought  a  home.  W.  H.  Fore- 
man bought  a  double  six-room  house  at  4020 
Peck  street,  the  first  street  east  of  Grand  ave- 
nue and  east  of  the  old  Fairgrounds.  M.  F. 
Williams  purchased  a  little  cottage  on  Bacon 


I  came  to  St.  Louis,  back  to  the  old  Garland 
House,  and  about  one  week  later  she  fol- 
lowed. We  remained  at  the  Garland  House 
possibly  for  three  days.  We  selected  four 
rooms  on  the  corner  of  Ninth  and  Brooklyn 
streets  (see  Cut  No.  157),  upon  the  second 
floor,  which  roonij  were  owned  by  H.  A.  Mar- 
([uard.  the  groceryman  west  across  the  street. 
The  building  is  now  standing  with  tenements 
in  the  second  and  third  story,  and  I  am  sorry 
to  relate  a  saloon  underneath ;  but  at  that  time 
when  Ave  lived  there,  a  Mr.  Rheinhart,  son-in- 


street,  one  block  cast  of  Grand  avenue,  just 
south  of  Montgomery  street,  and  the  way  it 
came  about  was  as  follows: 

MY    MARRIAGE    AND    FIRST    HOUSE- 
KEEPING 

Milton  F.  Williams  and  Emily  Priscilla  Ste- 
vens, about  three  years  after  our  first  meet- 
ing, were  married  on  the  23rd  of  November, 
1875,  in  the  town  of  Gillespie,  Macoupin  Coun- 
ty, Ills.,  on  a  very  dreary,  rainy  and  cloudy 
day.     After  having  a  honeymoon  of  one  week 


law  of  old  Mr.  Mar(|uard,  had  a  tailor  shop. 
We  lived  there  about  nine  months  and  paid 
$15.00  per  month  for  the  four  rooms.  In  those 
days  when  I  was  in  the  city  I  would  go  home 
to  lunch,  and  one  day  in  going  for  my  lunch, 
I  saw  my  wife  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
street.  I  went  across  and  hailed  her,  wanted 
to  know  where'  she  was  going  (as  she  was 
always  ready  to  go  some  place)  ;  she  remarked 
that  she  was  house  hunting.  I  wished  to  know 
why.  She  stated  that  she  was  tired  of  living 
in  a  house  with  other  people,  as  it  was  her  first 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


experience.  I  j'eplied,  "Come  and  go  back 
home,  get  my  lunch,  and  you  will  start  out  on 
another  kind  of  house  hunting — this  time  to 
buy.'"  She  looked  uj)  at  me  with  surprise. 
"Why,  can  we  buy  a  house?"  I  replied,  "We 
can  try.  We  will  advertise  in  the  Globe  for  a 
small  cottage.  We  can  buy  a  cottage.  I  have 
$1,000.00  in  the  Boatmen's  Bank,  saved  up  to 
buy  a  little  home,  and  I  have  a  little  more 
besides. ' ' 

OUR   FIRST   HOME    ON   BACON    STREET 

We  finally  found  a  two-room  cottage  at 
2450  (later  numbered  251S)  Bacon  street,  and 
we  bought  the  cottage  and  paid  $1200.00  down 


lived  but  two  weeks,  and  her  remains  now  lie 
in  Bellefontainc  Cemetery,  and  will  soon  be 
moved  to  Valhalla,  in  the  county,  where  W€ 
have  bought  a  lot  and  two  crypts  in  the  mauso- 
leum. 

The  printer  who  owned  a  $400  eciuity  in  the 
cottage,  and  whose  name  was  Clark,  had  bor- 
rowtd  money  from  one  James  Thurley,  an 
Englishman,  who  afterwards  proved  to  be  a 
lasting  friend  of  mine.  Before  the  first  year 
had  expired  I  went  to  James  Thurley,  who 
kept  an  ice  cream  stand  in  old  Lindell  Pai-k, 
on  the  north  side  of  St.  Louis  avenue,  a  few 
numbers  east  of  Garrison  avenue,  where  it  in- 
tersects St.  Louis  avenue.     There  was  an  open- 


Cut  No,   158— Ou.-  first  home  in  1876  - 


jacon  street 


(see  Cut  No.  1.58).  The  purchase  price  was 
$1,600.00.  This  was  a  little  two-story  cottage 
with  a  shed  roof  on  the  back  end,  on  a  lot  25 
feet  front  by  130  feet  in  depth.  It  had  grass 
in  the  front  yard,  two  peach  trees  in  the  front 
yard,  a  peach  tree  in  the  side  yard,  a  maple 
tree  in  front,  and  a  maple  tree  in  the  Iiack. 
Immediately  after  moving  in,  I  contracted  with 
one  Robt.  Charles  to  tear  away  the  shed  kit- 
chen and  put  up  a  two-story  brick  house  ad- 
joining the  frame  house  and  18  feet  in  length 
by  12  feet  in  width.  In  this  house  we  lived, 
and  in  this  house  five  children  were  born, 
namely,  Milton  Judson  Williams,  Arthur 
Franklin  Williams,  Oliver  Julian  Williams, 
Florence  Iretic  Williams,  and  little  Maude,  who 


ing  to  Lindell  Park,  and  in  the  summer  reason 
it  was  a  very  popular  place  for  school  picnics, 
and  there  Mr.  James  Thurley  dispensed  ice 
cream  and  soft  drinks.  At  that  time  the  Cass 
avenue  car  line  ran  west  past  the  Lindell  Park. 

I  said  to  him,  "Mr.  Thurley,  I  want  to  pay 
up  the  balance  on  that  deed  of  trust."  He 
said,  "What  do  you  want  to  do  that  now  for, 
Mr.  Williams?  I  hoped  you  would  let  it  run  a 
while."  However,  I  paid  it  all  and  cleared 
the  property,  so  we  could  have  cur  lioine  clear 
of   delit. 

We  would  have  moved  in  sooner,  only  Clark 
had  leased  it  to  another  printer  working  at  the 


OUR  HOME  ON  BACON  STREET  AS  IMPROVED 


Globe  Printing  Co.,  and  we  could  not  get  pos- 
session "till  the  fall  of  1876. 

It  Avas  in  October  of  1876  that  we  removed 
to  2518  Bacon  street,  and  we  lived  there 
twenty-seven  years.     Bnt  during  that  time  we 


OUR  SECOND  HOUSE  ON  BACON  STREET 

After  our  family  had  grown  up  and  the 
accommodations  of  ovir  first  house  were  too 
small  for  us,  we  remodeled  the  old  house  by 
the  artisanship  of  my  Uncle  S.  B.  Williams,  in 


raised  the  cottage  to  a  two-story  building, 
built  a  vestibule  hall  on  the  south,  and  joined 
same  with  the  two-story  brick  on  the  rear  and 
made  it  a  very  respectable  looking  dwelling 
which  stands  today. 


1884  and  1885,  commencing  in  October  and 
finishing  in  January.  This  house  is  now  rep- 
resented by  cut  No.  159,  showing  our  little 
daughter  Florence  standing  in  the  front  yard. 
In  said  photograph  the  iron  cresting  upon  top 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


of  the  mansard  front  can  hardly  be  seen,  but 
when  this  house  was  completed  it  was  second 
to  none  in  that  locality  and  presented  a  most 
respectable  looking  front. 

PRESENT  HOME  ON  VERNON  AVE. 

Upon  November  19th,  1903,  we  moved  to 
5153  Vernon  avenue,  where  we  now  live,  in  a 
more  pretentious  neighborhood  and  more  pre- 
tentious dwelling,  which  we  paid  $10,600.00 
for,  and  to  which  dwelling  we  have  added 
considerable  expense  in  the  way  of  conven- 
iences and  adornments.     (See  cut  No.  171.) 

AS   MILLWRIGHT   WITH   ROBT.   L, 
DOWNTON 

Now,  going  back  to  the  business  end  of  my 
career:  After  remaining  with  Wm.  H.  Fore- 
man for  five  years,  in  1880  I  made  an  engage- 
ment with  the  LaCroy  Middlings  Purifier  Co., 
of  Indianapolis,  which  purifiers  were  used  in 
flouring  mills.  I  remained  with  them  as  trav- 
eling salesman  for  ten  months,  became  rest- 
less, wanting  to  get  back  into  the  harness 
again,  and  after  quitting  their  service  imme- 
diately engaged  with  one  Robt.  L.  Downton, 
whom  I  had  previously  known,  to  reconstruct 
ex-Goveriior  E.  0.  Stanard's  mill  at  Alton, 
Ills.  Said  mill  was  originally  built  and  known 
as  the  J.  Q.  Burbridge  mill.  After  this  mill 
was  completed  and  converted  into  a  roller  mill 
I  worked  for  Robt.  L.  Downton  about  18 
months  and  with  Todd  &  Stanley  four  to  six 
months. 

SHORT  PARTNERSHIP  WITH  WM.  H. 
SCOTT 

In  1882,  in  the  month  of  August,  I  formed 
a  co-partnership  with  one  Wm.  H.  Scott,  who 
had  a  little  millwright  shop  at  311  Convent 
street,  St.  Louis.  Scott  had  been  trying  to  run 
a  business  in  a  small  way  for  six  years,  and 
after  we  had  arranged  to  join  in  another  co- 
partnership, he  wished  to  know  how  we  would 
go  about  it.  I  stated,  Take  inventory  of  what 
you  have  got.  He  did  so,  and  stated  he  would 
make  me  a  half  partner  by  my  paying  him 
$800.00,  which  I  did.  This  co-partnership  lasted 


just  90  daj^s,  and  during  that  time  we  had 
contracted  to  build  a  grain  elevator  in  East 
St.  Louis,  remodel  a  flour  mill  in  Henrietta, 
Texas,  another  flouring  mill  at  Fulton,  Mo., 
for  J.  C.  Yantes,  as  I  had  previously  remodeled 
a  flouring  mill  for  Mr.  J.  C.  Yantes,  at  Mur- 
physboro,  111. 

I  BUY  OUT  SCOTT  AND  RUN  THE  BUSI- 
NESS ALONE 

After  the  co-partnership  of  90  days,  Wm.  H. 
Scott  concluded  that  we  had  better  dissolve 
partnership  and  each  one  go  his  own  way.  He 
said :  ' '  Williams,'  you  have  mapped  out  a  big- 
ger business  than  we  are  capable  of  carrying 
en."  I  said:  " Very  well.  Brother  Scott ;  what 
do  you  want  for  your  half  interest?"  He 
said,  $800.00.  Have  you  got  the  money  ?"  "If 
I  haven't  I  will  get  it."  I  gave  him  a  check 
for  $800.00,  and  started  out  alone. 

I  remained  at  this  number,  311  Convent 
street,  for  another  five  years,  and  in  the  spring 
of  1886-or  during  my  five  years'  experience 
running  the  business  alone-I  built  a  distillery 
for  one  Gustavus  Sessinghouse,  who  was  of  the 
firm  of  the  Sessinghouse  Milling  Co.  at  Ninth 
and  North  Market  street.  I  planned,  contract- 
ed and  equipped  the  distillery  at  North  Broad- 
way and  John  avenue,  which  never  made  an 
ounce  of  whisky  and  did  not  grind  enough  corn 
to  make  a  mash.  We  probably  ground  20 
bushels  of  corn,  and  the  whisky  trust  bought 
over  the  distillery  and  closed  it  up  and  it  never 
ran  as  a  distillery. 

A  GOOD  CONTRACT  CARRIED  OUT 

Cut  No.  155  shows  M.  F.  Williams'  master- 
piece as  a  draftsman,  as  a  millwright,  as  a  self- 
made  man,  without  a  technical  education,  and 
in  fact  without  scarcely  any  book  knowledge 
except  that  obtained  from  the  log  school  house 
in  the  woods.  This  building  stands  today,  at 
John  avenue  and  Broadway,  in  North  St.  Louis ; 
but  while  the  building  was  erected  and  the  ma- 
chinery installed  for  a  Avhisky  distillery,  it  was 
never  run  and  operated  for  that  purpose.  The 
cause  of  the  closing  of  this  contract  was,  that 
I  heard  a  remark  passed  on  the  street  from  a 


MY  BEST  DRAWING 


layman  millwright  about  an  ex-Congressman, 
Gustavus  Sessinghouse  by  name,  going  to  build 
a  distillery.  It  resulted  in  my  becoming  both 
his  architect  and  mechanical  engineer,  as  would 
be  called  today;  then,  a  plain  old-fashioned 
millwright.  I  staked  out  the  ground,  found 
an  architect  to  plan  the  building,  and  I  in- 
stalled the  machinery  under  contract,  having 
my  old  boss,  my  uncle,  S.  B.  Williams  from 
Ohio,  come  out  and  help  install  the  machinery. 
I  received  my  pay  for  the  work.  In  due  course 
of  time  the  plant  ran  and  ground  possibly  not 


During  the  five  years  in  business  on  my  own 
account  and  getting  my  eye  teeth  cut,  I  took 
a  contract  at  Ironton,  Mo.,  to  remodel  a  roller 
mill,  and  place  in  said  mill  the  Stillwell  & 
Bearce  Rolls,  made  at  Dayton,  Ohio.  When  I 
wound  up  with  the  mill  at  Ironton,  I  found  I 
had  put  into  this  mill  just  $1200.00  more  than 
I  was  to  get  for  the  building  of  it.  At  this 
time  I  certainly  was  in  bankruptcy,-!  was  down 
and  out.  Did  I  surrender,  both  hands  up,  tie 
my  handkerchief  to  a  pole  and  show  the  white 
feather?    1  should  say  not.     What  did  I  do? 


over  20  l)ushels  of  corn ;  then  closed  down  and 
was  sold  out  to  the  trust.  I  have  the  drawing 
displayed  in  the  corridor  of  our  office,  as  being 
my  greatest  undertaking  up  to  the  year  1882. 
While  I  am  thankful  that  the  distillery  never 
made  whisky,  it  led  me  on  to  greater  things 
in  a  mechanical  way,  and  I  am  proud  therefore 
of  the  mechanical  undertaking.  I  drew  this 
plan  with  my  own  hands,  never  having  taken 
even  one  lesson  in  drawing  or  in  a  mechanical 
education,  even  after  having  learned  my  trade 
as  a  millwright. 


I  wrote  to  my  brother  Oliver  in  Ohio  to  know 
if  I  could  borrow  a  few  hundred  dollars,  that 
I  was  down  and  out  financially.  He  came  back 
with  the  glad  tidings  and  good  advice:  "Go 
to  work  for  somebody  else."  I  answered  him 
by  stating:  "My  dear  brother.  My  pride 
will  not  allow  me  to  do  it.  I  will  either  'make 
■a  spoon  or  spoil  a  horn.'  "  He  then  borrowed 
for  me  $270.00,  from  one  Addison  Blackford 
in  his  neighborhood.  Blackford  and  I  were 
born  on  the  same  day.  I  took  this  $270.00,  di- 
vided it  up  into  checks  of  $5.00  each  and  mailed 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


to  my  creditors,  with  a  nice  letter  stating  that 
I  would  soon  be  on  my  feet  and  pay  my  indebt- 
edness. This  seemed  to  satisfy  my  creditors, 
that  I  would  pay  my  debts  and  come  out  all 
right.  I  renewed  my  resources,  which  were 
mainly  energy,  a  stiff  backbone  and  a  deter- 
mination to  win.  I  ran  along  for  another  sea- 
son. This  was  the  year  I  built  the  distillery 
for  Sessinghouse,  and  that  seas:in  1  made  the 
most  money  that  I  had  ever  made  in  my  life, 
paid  all  my  debts,  and  I  exclaimed,  "Oh,  for 
more  worlds  to  conquer  ! ' '  However,  while 
building  the  distillery,  I  had  to  have  some 
friction  clutches.  One  day  while  at  the  ma- 
chine shop  of  Smith,  Begs  &  Rankin,  at  Main 
and  Clinton  streets,  Anthony  Smith,  who  lived 
at  Tenth  and  North  Market  streets,  of  whom 
I  inquired  about  friction  clutches,  stated,  ""Wil- 
liams, I  saM"  in  the  Elevator  &  Grain  Trade,  an 
advertisement  of  friction  clutches.  I  will  get 
the  paper  and  show  it  to  you."  The  advertise- 
ment was  from  one  Wm.  G.  Rheinhart,  of 
Terre  Haute,  lud.  I  wrote  to  Mr.  Rheinhart, 
and  soon  negotiated  with  him  for  four  friction 
clutches  to  place  in  the  distillery  of  Sessing- 
house, paying  him  $400.00  for  the  four  clutches. 
I  have  ahvays  been  happy  in  the  thought  that 
the  distillery  never  ran,  because  I  hadn't  the 
greatest  confidence  in  the  clutches,  and  I  Avas 
afraid  they  would  return  and  get  their  clutches 
upon  me. 

PARTNERSHIP  WITH  WM.  G.  RHEINHART 

Through  this  purchase  of  the  clutches,  I 
made  the  acquaintance  of  Rheinhart,  and  he 
and  I  formed  another  co-partnership,  as  he 
claimed  to  be  a  patternmaker  and  machinist, 
and  I  was  just  a  common  old  plug  of  a  mill- 
wright. He  stated  he  had  $1000.00  to  put  in 
business.  I  hadn't  any  money  to  put  in  bmi- 
nes,  but  I  had  a  little  stock  of  machinery  and 
appliances.  I  borrowed  upon  our  home  at  2518 
Bacon  street.  I  borrowed  $1000.00  from  Hen- 
ry Heisler,  a  very  wealthy  attorney,  who  is 
now  living  in  Southwest  St.  Louis,  quite  an  old 
man.  I  paid  6%  interest  upon  the  $1000.00 
for  20  years,  until  I  had  paid  $1200.00  in  inter- 
est, and  finally  paid  up  the  principal  in  full. 
I  am  proud  of  this  transaction  and  have  the 


original  deed  of  trust  in  the  corridor  of  our 
company's  office.  Few  men  there  be  who  can 
point  to  a  transaction,  a  business  transaction, 
that  started  with  $1000.00  and  has  grown  to  a 
valuation  of  at  least  a  half  million  without  bor- 
rowing more  money  than  $1000.00  at  any  one 
time.  It  was  accomplished  by  faith,  by  stick- 
toitivencss,  integrity  and  a  rigid  backbone.  The 
evolution  of  our  company's  business  career  will 
tell  more  regarding  this  transaction  later  on. 

A  DEBT  PAID 

Cut  No.  160  is  probably  the  most  important 
event  of  niy  business  career.  In  the  year  18S6, 
as  is  shown  by  cut  No.  160,  my  note  for 
$1000.00,  dated  on  the  6th  of  February  in  said 
year,  Avas  taken  by  one  C.  R.  Stinde.  At  this 
time  I  had  arranged  with  Wm.  D.  Rheinhart, 
of  Terre  Haute,  Ind.,  to  go  into  the  machine 
business  with  him,  at  1417  North  Second  street. 
Each  partner  was  to  put  in  $1000.00.  We  had 
our  little  home  at  2518  Bacon  street,  which  had 
just  been  rebuilt  and  enlarged  by  my  uncle, 
S.  B.  Williams,  and  the  note  and  the  deed  of 
trust  was  secured  by  the  property.  I  paid 
6%  interest  on  this  $1000.00  for  20  years,  until 
I  had  paid  $1200.00  in  interest.  I  could  have 
released  the  note  several  years  before  I  did. 
Said  note  was  held  by  three  persons:  First, 
by  two  sisters,  clients  of  Herman  Heisler,  who 
i^  yet  living  in  the  southern  part  of  the  city. 
Finally,  they  wanted  their  money  and  the  note 
was  transferred  or  taken  up  by  my  old  partner, 
Wm.  H.  Foreman,  whose  likeness  appears  as 
cut  No.  156.  Later  on  he  Avanted  the  money, 
so  my  sister  Angeline  took  up  the  note  and  I 
paid  her  interest  for  several  years  until  finally 
I  concluded  not  to  pay  interest  longer  and  re- 
deenuxl  the  note. 

AN  EARNEST  OF  FUTURE  SUCCESS 

Cut  No.  161  represents  M.  F.  Williams  & 
Co. 's  first  dray  or  delivery  wagon.  We  bought 
this  delivery  Avagon  in  1887  Avhen  we  started 
in  a  very  small  Avay.  Both  the  driver  and  the 
horse  hitched  up  to  this  horseless  carriage, 
AA'hich  ran  by  boy  poAver,  Avas  the  Avriter's  eld- 
est son,  Milton  Judson  Williams,  noAv  represent- 
ing our  business  in  Chicago.     The  first  of  Jan- 


MY  DEED  OF  TRUST  CANCELED 


iiary,  1920,  will  be  his  20th  year  in  Chicago. 
Our  shop  then  was  at  1417  North  Second  street, 
my  first  effort  at  operating  a  machine  shop,  and 
a  very  small  one  at  that.     Our  only  dray   or 


boy  naturally  demurred,  as  all  boys  do  at  that 
age,  more  especially  if  they  are  redheaded, 
which  he  was.  He  went  after  the  castings, 
which  was  about   six  blocks  awa.y.     After  he 


'^  J.     j^^^ 

S  /";';";'' 

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L      '     ,    '-' 

ft',,,.  ■,  '  .      ,  J 

I$72. 


jsa 


uo. 


:   !              ■      ■    ■ 

up  to    tniit  tiue   . 

acouEulstofi  very  ::■:- 

tie  coney,   tut  !  av      - 

T/orlicd  contlTmcu.-".;- 

ct  hlr   trtvfie  Aurlrr 

all  this  tine. 

or.  Jan.lrt-jr.75 

HIU  :•-■    i.t   fiouv  ,;.: 

at   ■-.'•7  ;:.   s-jocrd  St. 

inciS   lit;-,  him  rt;r  E 

his  Interest  cjid 

■■tarted  et  the  LUll- 

m-lrht  tiirlncna  cr 

in.rs            ■;    r    :■;    ; 

l^ari'.t      tT'.e    !■-    ■_ 

D(M?d  of  Trust. 


hi(/"^Sfc(((,c.^..'f. 


LE;^)^■^<•■•."♦4r>l?■;L•■•••""• 

CoNVE:r«r!t£i4'...E:ri:;  •":  :* : 
—  ••  ••  tf. 


•y\^?5 


^ 


m 


Cut  No.   160— $1,000  Deed  of  Trust  canceled 


delivery  wagon  at  that  time  was  a  wheelbarrow 
and  I  remarked  to  him,  "Jud,  go  up  to  Kings- 
land  &  Douglas'  I'"'oundry  at  Eleventh  and  Cass 
avenue  and  bring  down  certain  castings."    The 


started  I  began  to  feel  sorry  for  him.  I  sent  a 
laborer  up  to  meet  him  and  share  the  load 
with  him  by  alternating.  The  laborer  met  him 
trudging  along  and  Jud  was  so  angry  that  he 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


wouldn't  give  up,  so  the  laborer  had  to  Avalk 
by  his  side  and  not  help.  This  same  boy  has 
spent  about  20  years  in  Chicago,  strictly  upon 
his  own  resources,  paying  his  rent  for  the  Chi- 
cago office  and  representing  our  office  in  that 
locality.  Ho  pays  a  visit  to  his  parents  every 
Christmas  time,  and  he  never  forgets  to  talk 


and  his  wife  is  running  some  other  make  of  car. 
He  has  just  recently  paid  $10,000.00  for  a  resi- 
dence in  a  good  residence  neighborhood  in  Chi- 
cago. As  to  our  present  manner  of  delivering 
shipments,  the  company  owns  a  $6500.00  Pieree- 
Arrow  Truck  of  5  tons  capacity.  Besides  this 
truck,    we    frequently    are    compelled    to    hire 


Our    first    delivery    wagon 


of  this  incident  of  being  my  first  drayman, 
and  hauling  the  castings.  He  often  states  that 
it  is  the  beat  thing  that  ever  happened  to  him, 
because  it  helped  to  teach  him  thi-ift  as  well 
as  industry.  He  is  noAv  in  his  42nd  year  and 
v.'eighs  about  250  pounds,  but  he  is  not  running 
a  wheeIbarrow,-he  is  now  running  a  Stutz  car 


other  teams,  as  our  tri\ck  is  not  heavy  enough 
to  haul  crushers  weighing  30  tons,  called  Jum- 
bos, which  we  build. 

This  same  young  man,  holding  down  an  of- 
fice in  Chicago,  when  he  was  about  20  years  of 
age  went  to  Chicago  as  a  salesman  and  opened 


JNO.  H.  SPINNING 


an  office  upon  his  own  initiative,  upon  a  com- 
mission basis,  and  not  upon  a  salary,  which  is 
entirelj'  to  his  credit.  The  writer  has  three 
sons,  all  in  the  business, -one  in  Chicago,  one 
in  San  Francisco,  and  one  in  St.  Louis — each 
of  the  three  all  upon  his  ow)i  responsibility 
and  never  having  been  paid  a  salary,  now  owns 
securities  which  would  net  each  over  $100,- 
000.00. 

Reverting  back  to  the  firm  of  Williams, 
Rheinhart  &  Co. — this  firm  located  back  at  the 
old  stand,  1417  North  Second  street.  The  for- 
mer firm  of  Foreman  &  Williams,  the  latter  firm 
of  Foreman  &  Sellers,  which  lasted  about  five 
years  and  then  dissolved  partnership ;  but  allow 
me  to  state  that  they  had  put  in  some  machine 
tools,  and  I  loaned  them  the  money  with  which 
to  buy  their  planei'.  In  1885,  after  Foreman 
bought  out  ]Mr.  Sellers'  interest,  Foreman  final- 
ly failed,  and  gave  a  bill  of  sale  to  the  Smith 
Middlings  Purifier  Co.  of  Jackson,  Mich.  Wil- 
liams. Rheinhart  &  Co.,  in  1886,  when  they 
started  into  the  machine  and  millwright  busi- 
ness, at  1417  North  Second  street,  assumed  the 
bill  of  sale  of  Wm.  H.  Foreman,  from  the  Smith 
Middlings  Purifier  Co.  and  started  in  business 
to  do  whatever  they  could  get  to  do.  After 
running  along  for  ten  months,  the  shorifl:'  Avas 
staring  us  in  the  face,  as  under  Mr.  Rheinhart 's 
management  as  a  machine  contractor,  we  lost 
money  at  every  deal.  Then  came  the  tug  of 
war:  Buy  or  sell.  I  stated  I  would  buy.  I 
hadn't  the  money  to  buy  with,  but  I  knew  I 
could  borrow  it. 

I  BUY  RHEINHART 'S  INTEREST 

I  borrowed  $800.00  and  paid  Mr.  Rheinhart 
that  amount.  I  then  took  the  wheel  in  my  own 
hands  to  steer  the  ship  over  the  billows.  I  had 
not  been  managing  the  little  shop  under  the 
hill,  practically  in  a  cellar,  more  than  two 
weeks,  before  I  could  see  there  was  a  little 
gain. 

J.  H.  SPINNING  MY  FRIEND 

When  I  first  started  in  to  the  machine  busi- 
ness, I  met  a  friend,  who  proved  to  be  a  friend. 


one  Jno.  H.  Spinning,  who  was  connected  with 
the  Graham  Paper  Co.,  who  had  charge  of  the 
paper  Avarehouse  at  Sixth  and  0 'Fallon 
streets  and  also  had  charge  of  the  rag 
warehouse  upon  North  Main  and  Brook- 
lyn streets.  At  the  Brooklyn  street  warehouse 
Mr.  Spinning  had  rag  pressers  'which  run  by 
power.  Mr.  Spinning  said  one  day  to  M.  F. 
Williams,  "Williams,  1  aa  ant  you  to  make  me 
an  estimate  upon  building  paper  presses  for  the 
0 'Fallon  street  warehouse  similar  to  those  at 
the  rag  warehouse." 

At  this  evidence  of  confidence,  1  Mas  almost 
thunderstruck.  I  was  very,  very  much  sur- 
prised. I  replied  reluctantl.y :  "All  right,  Mr. 
Spinning,  I  will  do  so."  I  pondered  upon  the 
momentous  subject.  I  slept  over  it,  I  dreamed 
over  it ;  I  finally  wound  up  by  marveling  at  the 
confidence  which  had  never  been  bestowed  upon 
me  before  in  my  whole  life.  A  few  days  sub- 
sequently. I  met  Mr.  Spinning,  at  Main  and 
Brooklyn.  He  said,  "Williams,  have  you  the 
estimate?"  I  hung  my  head  in  shame,  and 
replied,  "I  have  not."  He  said,  "All  right,  I 
will  go  up  to  Smith,  Beggs  &  Rankin  and  get 
them  to  figure  on  it."  I  replied,  "Mr.  Spin- 
ning, how  much  time  will  you  give  me?"  "I 
will  give  you  two  days."  I  said  "All  right." 
He  replied,  "On  the  morning  of  the  third  day 
you  meet  me  at  the  Graham  Paper  Co. 's  office 
at  Main  and  Olive  streets  with  an  estimate  of 
just  what  I  have  asked  you  to  do."  I  immedi- 
ately consulted  one  Albert  Harape  (my  then 
foreman  of  my  very  small  shop  at  1417  North 
Second  street,  operating  not  over  six  men  and  a 
bo.v),  and  one  David  Strawbridge,  who  was  a 
general  patternmaker  but  who  made  our  pat- 
terns. We  immediately  repaired  to  Main  and 
Brooklyn  streets,  and  in  two  hours'  time  we 
took  measurements,  we  made  sketches,  and  we 
came  away  with  same ;  and  upon  the  day  ap- 
pointed I  met  Mr.  Spinning,  in  his  office  at 
Main  and  Olive,  with  a  written  estimate. 
He  read  it  over,  and  he  said:  "Williams,  you 
have  done  just  what  I  have  requested,  but 
that  is  not  what  I  want.  Now  take  this  esti- 
mate and  increase  the  strength  so  and  so,"  de- 
scribing how  much  stronger  they  wanted  the 
presses  made.     Upon  the  morning  of  the  sec- 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


ond  day  I  was  there  with  the  estimate  which 
read  as  follows: 

"We,  the  undersigned,  propose  for  the  sum 
of  $2625.00  to  build  two  presses,"  describing 
how  they  Avere  to  be  built.  After  hurriedly 
reading-  it  over,  he  said,  "Williams,  I  accept. 
Go  ahead  with  it.  Now,  I  haven't  yet  got  per- 
mission from  jMr.  B.  B.  Graham  to  do  this  work, 
but  you  start  on  it  and  I  will  get  his  permission 
after  while  by  degrees."  I  said,  "Mr.  Spin- 
ning, how  will  I  get  money  to  carry  it  on?" 
He  said,  "Oh,  I  will  endorse  your  note.  Can't 
you  get  money  from  your  bank  ' "  I  then  went 
to  Mullanphy  Bank,  met  Mr.  Karaerer,  who 
was  then  cashier.  He  replied,  "I  will  have  to 
place  this  matter  before  the  Board,"  which  he 
did,  and,  thanks  to  the  good  Lord,  the  Board 
all  nodded  their  heads  and  we  went  to  work. 
We  built  the  presses,  which  Avere  seA^eral  times 
too  large  for  our  little  shop.  We  delivered  the 
presses  to  Sixth  and  0 'Fallon.  We  had  one 
of  the  presses  almost  erected  one  Sunday  morn- 
ing (and  in  those  days  I  always  went  to  get 
the  mail  on  a  Sunday  morning ;  never  failed, 
as  that  was  my  strongest  religion),  thei'c  was 
a  letter  from  Mr.  Spinning  stating  that  Mr.  B. 
B.  Graham  had  consented  to  this  work.  I  cer- 
tainly was  the  happiest  man  in  St.  Louis.  My 
mind  had  ])een  considerably  perturbed,  as  I 
had  a  great  deal  involved  before  this  job  wound 
up.  It  included  the  hydraulic  pumps,  the  first 
we  had  ever  built, — which  pumps  and  presses 
contributed  to  the  success  of  M.  F.  Wil- 
liams and  his  lieutenants.  HoAvever,  a  feAV 
years  after  this  Avork  Avas  installed,  they  had  a 
fire  and  the  plant  Avas  burned  to  the  ground.  It 
Avas  rebuilt  the  folloAving  season.  M.  F.  Wil- 
liams &  Co.  reinstalled  and  rebiiilt  the  presses 
by  placing  in  the  center  of  each  press  an  auxil- 
iary cylinder  much  stronger  than  the  three  for- 
mer ones;  and  this  plant  runs  every  day,  and 
has  since  1888.  It's  a  lasting  monument  to  the 
man  and  his  helpers.  When  it  Avas  first  pro- 
posed to  me  by  John  H.  Spinning,  my  tongue 
clove  to  my  mouth,  my  frame  shook  as  an  aspen 
leaf  and  my  heart  almost  stopped  pumping. 
So  much  for  a  man  not  knoAving  his  strength, 
and  being  prompted  by  another  person  Avho 
kneAv  better  than  he  as  to  his  ability ;  and  the 


same  man  having  fortunately  business  sagacity 
sufficient  to  be  ashamed  not  to  Avork  out  his. 
strength  and  do  as  the  other  believed.  Not  only 
this,  but  Mr.  John  11.  Spinning  had  M.  F.  Wil- 
liams &  Co.  remodel  the  Main  and  Brooklyn 
plant,  to  show  that  he  Avas  my  best  friend  and 
had  the  greatest  confidence  in  my  ability  from 
start  to  finish.  I  presume  that  I  had  done  over 
$25,000.00  Avorth  of  Avork  for  Jno.  H.  Spin- 
ning, at  the  tAvo  plants  Avhen  his  business  Avas 
superseded  by  the  Paper  Stock  Co.  of  St.  Louis, 
Mo.  When  they  requested  that  I  give  them  an 
estimate  upon  duplicating  the  plant  at  Sixth 
and  0 'Fallon,  Jno.  H.  Spinning  requested  that 
I  make  the  price  so  high  that  they  Avould  not 
give  me  the  Avork.  Therefore,  respecting  Avhat 
he  had  done,  I  did  as  he  had  requested  and  lost 
the  other  company's  Avork,  Avhich  may  not  haA^e 
been   good  business   judgment. 

Vei'y  fe^\■  business  men  Avould  have  respected 
liis  roiiiiest  and  given  up  the  possibility  of 
another  good  customer,  but  I  have  ahvays 
praised  the  bridge  A\hieh  carried  me  safely 
over  the  river.  In  the  outcome  I  believe  it  is 
the  right  Avay  to  do,  notAvithstanding  the  fact 
that  Jno.  H.  Spinning  once  remarked,  "Wil- 
liams, if  you  had  .+50,000.00  you  would  not 
kiujAv  hoAv  to  handle  it.  I  cannot  understand 
hoAv  you  run  your  business  on  so  little  money. ' ' 
Jno.  H.  Spinning  Avhen  traveling  for  his  com- 
pany was  suddenly  stricken  Avith  heart  failure 
in  a  hotel  in  Ohio,  and,  as  I  have  been  told, 
died  sitting  in  a  chair.  Albert  Hampc,  my 
mechanical  man  at  that  time,  has  long  since 
passed  into  the  bej'ond. 

EDWARD  II.  FRICKEY 

Now  about  EdAvard  H.  Frickey.  He  has 
helped  father  Williams  in  many  mechanical 
problems,  although  he  is  not  a  man  to  take  the 
initiative.  He  is  not  the  man  to  take  the  initial 
steps,  but  he  is  the  man  to  improve  upon  my 
mechanical  ideas  Avhenever  I  present  them.  I 
have  remarked  to  him  time  and  time  again: 
"Frickej^  you  ahvays  steal  my  thunder.  You 
come  forth  Avith  a  better  idea,  but  I  have  to 
first  prompt  you  as  to  Avhat  is  re(iuired."  I 
have  never  claimed  to  be  a  captain  of  industry, 
supreme,  but  I  have  and  do  claim  at  this  stage 


HAMPE  AND  FRICKEY 


of  the  game  in  my  72nd  year  that  I  can  take 
good  lieutenants  and  direct  their  management. 
On  one  occasion  when  I  was  returning  from 
Philadelphia  upon  the  limited  train  which  I  in- 
tercepted at  Harrisburg,  all  the  seats  were 
taken  in  the  train  except  No.  13  in  the  car,whieh 
seat  I  occupied.  Sitting  to  my  right  was  one 
of  Andy  Carnegie's  lieutenants.  Sitting  in 
front  of  mc  was  another.  Sitting  to  the  left 
in  front  of  me  was  a  third  one.  We  got  into 
conversation.  They  had  been  to  New  York 
City  to  a  convention  of  Andrew  Carnegie  lieu- 
tenants and  reprereutativcs.  I  asked  the  (jues- 
tion,  "Gentlemen,  to  what  do  you  attribute 
Carnegie's  success  in  life.'"  One  of  them  re- 
marked, "Throwing  bou(iuets  at  ourselves, — 
to  the  selection  of  his  lieutenants."  However, 
I  had  heard  this  slated  time  and  tiiuo  before. 
Andy  perhaps  didn't  know  how  to  do  the  work, 
but  he  knew  how  to  place  a  man  there  who 
did,  and  he  knew  how  to  keep  after  that  man. 
While  I  will  never  be  an  Andy,  I  am  a  strong 
admirer  of  self-made  nuMi  and  men  who  have 
done  things. 

Il(,\v  did  I  come  to  select  Ed.  II.  Friekey .' 
The  little  machine  shop  at  1417  North  Second 
street,  where  Foreman,  my  former  partner,  had 
ehown  the  white  feather  and  given  a  bill  of  sale, 
and  where  ]Milton  F.  Williams,  along  with  W. 
H.  Rheinhart,  as  has  been  previously  exphiined, 
took  up  the  gauntlet  and  subse(|uently  after 
ten  months'  supervision,  M.  F.  W.  paid  olf  the 
bill  of  sale  a  year  and  half  before  it  was  due 
and  saved  the  interest, — one  Hyram  Stype,  who 
was  then  foreman  of  the  little  band  of  workers, 
remarked  to  me  one  day,  ' '  Williams,  you  ought 
to  get  Ed.  Friekey  back  here."  I  replied,  "Hy- 
ram, who  is  Ed.  Friekey?"  "Why  he  worked 
for  Foreman  &  Sellers.  He  i^  a  good  mechanic, 
he  has  the  making  of  a  good  man."  "Where 
will  I  find  him?"  "Address  him  up  at  Mari- 
dcsia.  111."  I  wrote  him;  he  answered  me. 
He  knew  who  I  was  better  than  I  knew  who  he 
was.  I  hired  him.  He  came  to  work  and  it  was 
my  foi-tunate  day  and  was  my  start  trying  to 
run  a  little  machine  shop. 

During  the  course  of  our  hard  times  hunting 
around  for  work,  I  took  a  contract  to  e(iuip  a 
stone   (juarry   out    on   Marcus  avenue,   furnish 


the  steam  engine,  second-hand,  also  a  derrick 
for  hoisting  the  stone.  The  stone  quarry  be- 
longed to  a  Mr.  Devereux,  who  was  a  clerk  in 
the  post  office.  He  had  fallen  heir  to  the  quar- 
vy,  I  think,  and  it  Avas  no  use  to  him.  He  rented 
the  quarry  and  had  to  install  an  outfit  for 
hoisting  stone  in  a  stone  boat  (as  they  were 
commonly  called  for  ruble  masonry)  out  of  the 
quarry  some  sixty  feet,  and  swing  it  up  onto 
a  wagon  on  the  top  of  the  hill,  perhaps  forty 
feet  farther.  I  got  the  contract.  I  had  never 
had  any  previous  stone  (juarry  experience. 
Friekey  put  in  the  engine.  The  old  firm  of 
Westlake  &  Button  down  on  Carr  street  fur- 
nished the  deri'ick  and  raised  it.  We  got  our 
money.  We  finished  the  job  one  afternoon. 
Friekey  and  I  walked  over  eastward  out  of  the 
iiuarry  to  ]\larcus  avenue  and  while  sitting 
there  upon  a  plank  waiting  for  a  car,  I  said: 
"Fricke.y,  Albert  Hampe  is  going  to  leave  us." 
"Is  that  so?"  he  remarked.  "Friekey,  he  will 
only  remain  with  us  two  weeks.  I  want  you 
to  take  his  place."  Friekey  turned  white  and 
then  red,  and  turned  around  to  me,  looked  me 
s(|uai-e  in  the  face  and  said,  "I  don't  know 
whetliei'  I  can  or  not, — haven't  had  any  ex- 
perience." I  said,  "Ed,  I  can  see  in  you  a  first 
class  mechanic ;  and  more  than  that,  I  can  see 
in  you  an  inventor  if  someone  does  the  invent- 
ing. If  someone  pushes  the  button  you  will  do 
the  rest  in  a  mechanical  manner."  I  said,  "I 
will  do  the  financing,  I  will  manage  the  busi- 
ness, and  I  want  you  to  work  into  an  estimator 
and  I  will  depend  upon  yon  for  my  chief  lieu- 
tenant." Friekey 's  answer  was,  "I  will  let 
you  know  in  two  weeks." 

At  the  expiration  of  lliat  time  he  said  he 
would  try  it.  15y  this  time  All)ert  Hampe 's  two 
weeks  were  up.  1  had  known  Albert  many 
years  before.  I  first  met  him  in  Staunton,  111., 
in  1873.  He  made  some  cold  chisels  for  me,  and 
other  tools.  Albert  was  a  fine  machanic,  and 
also  an  inventor,  but  he  was  one  of  those  men 
that  his  inventive  genius  was  of  no  benefit  to 
himself,  but  required  to  be  governed  by  a  busi- 
ness man.  Friekey  took  hold,  and  we  pros- 
pered during  his  administration.  However, 
our  advance  was  slow.  Friekey  is  a  man  who 
is  not  a  pusher  of  men.     His  nature  is  mild. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


and  in  these  competitive  days,  a  mild-mannered 
man  cannot  forge  to  the  front  and  make  the 
business  pay.  Furthermore,  ^^•hile  he  is  abso- 
lutely honest,  he  is  more  of  a  one-idea  man; 
and  as  to  the  growth  of  a  business,  one  to  be 
forewarned  must  be  forearmed,  and  the  prin- 
cipal slogan  of  doing  business  today  is  that  of 
looking  ahead.  Prepare  ahead  for  that  which 
is  to  follow.  I  believe  that  I  have  grasped  the 
idea  of  looking  ahead  and  I  have  always  pushed 
Prickey,  rather  than  he  push  himself,  in  the 
way  of  advancements.  He  is  a  splendid  esti- 
mator. I  do  not  know  of  his  equal.  He  is  a 
splendid  mechanic,  and  a  good  designer, — what 
I  would  term  a  real  mechanical  designer.  Our 
present  equipment,  I  am  satisfied  upon  its  birth- 
day, the  winding  up  of  its  birthday  as  far  as 
the  hammer  crusher  and  pulverizer  is  eon- 
cerned,-is  the  best  equipped  all  around,  lieu- 
tenants and  all,  that  it  has  ever  been. 

REGARDING  MEN  AND  THEIR  JOBS 

Hewers — "There  are  hewers  of  wood  and 
drawers  of  water,"  and  bi-ought  down  to  sharp 
brass  tacks,  properly  interpreted,  this  means 
that  in  life  there  are  hundreds  of  vocations  and 
some  were  intended  by  nature  to  do  special 
work. 

There  are  captains  of  industi'v.  There  are 
attendants  at  the  gate,  and  lieutenants  on  down 
the  line  filling  their  places  unto  the  most 
menial  positions. 

"The  whole  people  of  the  earth  comprise  a 
chain,  which  is  no  stronger  than  the  weakest 
link." 

I  ran  this  shop  upon  my  own  account,  as- 
suming between  $4000.00  and  $5000.00  of  in- 
debtedness; and  when  I  was  doing  fairly  well, 
the  best  I  had  ever  done  in  my  life,  along  came 
the  railroad  company  and  wanted  the  property. 
As  I  did  not  have  a  lease  upon  it,  after  remain- 
ing there  five  years,  I  had  to  give  it  up. 

I  BUY  A  SHOP  AT  2705-7  N.  BROADWAY 

In  the  meantime  I  was  very  much  discon- 
certed, and  did  not  know  where  to  turn  or  what 
to  do.    One  day  while  upon  the  Broadway  car. 


having  been  up  to  the  old  distillery,  which  had 
been  converted  into  a  preserving  factory,  as  I 
was  doing  work  for  them,  I  happened  to  notice 
a  little  shop  which  had  been  started  and  failed, 
at  2705  North  Broadway.  I  immediately  got 
off  the  car,  and  went  into  Rosenbaum  &  Hau- 
schulte  Real  Estate  Office  at  2407  North  Broad- 
way, which  is  yet  remaining  and  a'3ked  Rosen- 
baum how  much  was  wanted  for  the  property. 
He  stated  $0500.00.  He  gave  me  a  key.  I 
went  up  and  looked  at  it,  and  he  said:  "Wil- 
liams, how  much  money  can  you  raise?"  I  re- 
plied I  was  in  a  building  association;  I  would 
find  out  and  let  him  know.  "Can  you  raise 
$5000.00 ? "  "I  will  see  the  building  association 
secretary,"  which  I  did,  and  he  stated  by  pay- 
ing $1100.00  more  into  the  asoseiation  I  could 
offer  $5000.00  for  the  property.  This  I  did 
and  it  was  accepted,  and  in  October,  1891,  1 
bought  the  present  property  of  2705  and  7 
North  Broadway,  and  began  to  improve  it ;  and 
upon  the  Gth  day  of  February,  1802,  as  my  lease 
had  expired  at  1417  Noi-th  Second  street,  we 
moved  our  machinery  to  the  number  above 
mentioned  and  stai-ted  to  work  with  five  men 
and  a  boy. 

The  name  of  the  secretary  of  the  building  as- 
sociation was  Benj.  F.  Thornhill,  whose  mother 
ran  a  restaurant  down  on  Broadway  near  Clin- 
ton, where  I  took  my  lunches  for  many  years. 
Thornhill  now  lives  in  Gi'eenville,  111. 

We  began  opei-ations  in  February,  1892,  at 
2705  North  Broadway,  with  very  little  trade, 
but  our  advertisement  had  been  upon  the  build- 
ing since  October  of  the  previous  year  when  I 
acquired  the  property,  and  soon  we  began  to 
attract  attention  at  this  locality.  We  were  the 
only  jobbing  machine  shop  then  on  Broadway 
north  of  Cass  avenue,  as  I  can  now  recall,  and 
during  our  administration  at  this  number,  we 
gradualh^  grew  in  customers  and  trade  until 
we  soon  had  to  put  on  more  workmen.  How- 
ever, before  we  left  the  old  stand  at  1417  North 
Second  street  I  received  a  contract  to  rebuild 
August  A.  Heman's  brick  plant,  on  Elliott  ave- 
nue, near  North  Market  street,  which  plant  had 
previously  burned.  The  superintendent  and 
manager  of  this  plant  was  one  E.  C.  Little,  a 
very  fine  gentleman,  who  had  $3000.00  of  stock 


THE  BRICK  MAKERS'  CONVENTION 


in  the  brick  plant,  and  he  remarked  to  me, 
"Williams,  why  don't  yon  start  to  making- 
brick  machinerj%  as  myself  and  my  son,  Geo. 
C.  Little,  are  going  to  work  for  C.  Dwight  Ives 
of  Quincy,  111.,  selling  the  Whittaker  Brick 
Press,  made  at  Akerington,  England,  and  we 
will  require  pulverizers,  mixers,  elevators, 
screens,  brick  trucks,  and  such  appliances  for 
dry  press  brick  plants."  This  gave  me  an  im- 
petus to  start  a  line,  which  was  well  adver- 
tised. I  immediately  got  busy,  began  to  build 
the  above  named  machinery,  which  was  sold  by 
E.  C.  and  Geo.  C.  Little  in  their  contracts, 
which  they  would  make  for  T.  Dwight  Ives,  in 
selling  the  Whittaker  Brick  Press.  I  immedi- 
ately hunted  up  the  Brick,  Pottery  and  Clay 
Gazette,  published  in  Illinois,  had  some  cuts 
made,  started  to  advertise,  and  began  selling 
and  contracting  for  drj'  press  brick  appliances, 
and  had  quite  a  run  of  business,  and  was  (|uite 
successful.  During  the  course  of  manufactur- 
ing clay  working  appliances,  I  found  that  we 
would  have  to  have  an  efficient  clay  grinder. 
I  thought  I  had  invented  one,  had  made  a  draw- 
ing, and  was  making  the  patterns  for  a  hori- 
zontal clay  pulverizer.  My  patent  was  allowed, 
t)Ht  I  did  not  issue  it,  for  the  reason  that  I  con- 
cluded it  would  be  worthless,  and  in  the  mean- 
time I  had  invented  one  upon  a  different  prin- 
ciple. 

THE   STARTING   OP   THE    IIA^dMER   PUL- 
VERIZER 

What  was  uppermost  in  my  mind  in  the 
M-ay  of  a  clay  pulverizer,  was  to  throw  a  lump 
of  clay  in  the  air,  strike  it  with  a  baseball  bat, 
and  cause  the  impact  to  disintegrate  the  clay. 
How  to  reduce  this  principle  to  mechanics  was 
a  puzzle.  However,  between  the  years  of  1890 
and  1895  we  were  quite  successful  in  equipping 
dry  press  brick  plants,  and  during  this  period 
of  five  years  I  had  many  to  my  credit,  sailing 
under  the  nom  de  plume  of  Milton  F.  Williams 
&  Co. — the  company  being  nominal,  but  it 
brought  the  answer.  During  this  period  we 
built  many  clay  pulverizers  of  what  is  known 
as  the  Pin  Mill  type.  This  pin  mill  I's  used 
today  to  a  limited  extent  for  grinding  bones. 
A  firm  in  Baltimore  were  manufacturing. these 


pulverizers  for  fertilizer  plants,  grinding  bones, 
which  firm  sold  out  to  Nathan  Steadman  of 
Aurora,  Ind. 

After  being  fairly  successful,  manufacturing 
dry  press  brick  machinery  and  other  clay  work- 
ing appliances,  and  after  having  manufactured 
about  150  pin  mills  for  grinding  clay  and  shale, 
I  got  the  idea  that  the  pin  mill  was  too  ex- 
pensive to  keep  in  repair,  and  that  a  much  bet- 
ter device  nuist  be  designed,  if  possible,  upon 
the  principle  of  hitting-  in  suspension.  This 
idea  preyed  upon  my  mind  for  many  months. 
During  our  manufacture  of  clay  working  ma- 
chinery, I  had  become  a  member  of  the  "Na- 
tional Brick  Mfrs.  Association"  with  head(|uar- 
ters  at  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  the  secretary  l)eing 
one  T.  A.  Randall,  who  is  yet  secretary.  This 
same  Theodore  A.  Randall  published  the  "Clay 
Worker."  In  February,  from  the  7th  to  the 
12th,  in  1895,  this  association  held  a  convention 
at  the  Hollanden  Hotel  in  Cleveland,  0.  I  went 
to  this  convention  as  my  first  advent  in  this  di- 
rection, and  while  there  I  met  a  great  many 
brickmakers,  and  everyone  was  calling  each 
other  "a  brick,"  which  is  the  greatest  compli- 
ment one  man  can  pay  to  another  (if  it  be 
true).  And  why?  A  brick  is  an  object  in  which 
each  right  angle  corner  is  a  square;  therefore, 
"a  brick"  is  strictly  upon  the  square. 

From  whom  did  I  get  this  idea?  I  got  it 
from  one  John  H.  Spinning.  He  remarked, 
"Williams,  you're  a  brick."  I  replied,  "Mr. 
Spinning,  a  brick  is  only  a  countersign  of 
mother  earth ;  sometimes  it  is  burned  mud,  at 
other  times  it  is  compressed,  some  pressed  clay, 
dried  and  burned."  But  now  back  to  the 
Hollanden.  While  meandering  through  the 
corridor  after  12  o'clock  at  night,  and  after 
having  made  up  my  mind  that  the  bed  of  Mor- 
pheus was  the  best  place  for  myself  to  drown 
all  my  previous  sorrows,  trials  and  tribulations 
in  a  wicked  world  upon  my  pillow,  I  saw  a  gen- 
tleman coming  toward  me.  As  I  neared,  I 
judged  his  outlines  to  be  either  that  of  an  Eng- 
lishman or  a  Canadian.  As  we  approached  near 
enough  to  speak,  the  following  colloquy  ensued : 
He  stated  he  was  from  Deseronto,  Ont.  I  stated 
I  was  from  St.  Louis,  Mo.  "I  presume  you  are  a 
brick  maker,"  I  said.    "Yes,  I  am  superintend- 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


ent  of  a  brick  plant  at  DeseTonto,  Ont. "  I  in- 
quired, "What  is  the  name?"  He  gave  nie  the 
name.  I  immediately  recognized  it  as  a  plant 
that  we  had  sold  a  pin  mill  for  pulverizing 
shale.  To  my  next  question,  "Are  you  making 
5oft  mud,  dry  press  or  pavers,  and  he  replied, 
"We  are  making  paving  brick  out  of  shale." 
My  next  question  was,  "How  do  you  grind 
you  shale?"  He  replied,  "Upon  a  machine 
which  we  bought  in  St.  Louis. "  "  From  whom 
did  yon  liny  tlie  machine  V  His  answer:  "Mil- 
ton F.  Williams  &  Company. ' '  I  did  not  divulge 
myself,  but  began  to  pl.v  him  with  questions  as 
follows:  "How  do  you  like  this  grinder?" 
"Very  well  indeed."  "Docs  it  grind  your 
shale  properly?"  "Yes,  but  it  wears  out  very 
rapidly,"  which  I  knew  would  be  the  answer 
before  asking  same.  AVhile  talking  to  the  gen- 
tleman, a  little  bird,  as  the  saying  is,  whis- 
pered in  m.y  tymi)anum.  T  had  my  ears  set 
forward,  like  a  quadruped  hunting  for  water. 

ilY  COXCEPTIOX  OF  THE  HINGED  HAM- 
MER CRUSHER 

At  this  juncture  the  invention  of  the  hinged 
hammer  crusher  was  brought  to  life.  I  imme- 
diately took  from  my  left  hand  vest  poek(>t 
my  business  card,  also  a  pencil.  I  drew  a  circle, 
and  a  smaller  circle  in  the  center,  and  four 
beaters  near  the  periphery  of  a  disc  plate,  and 
extended  four  hammei-s,  radiating  from  the 
center.  I  did  lliis  for  feai-  that  tlie  happy 
thought  woidd  li-ave  me  and  never  return. 
Here  was  born  the  Hinged  Hammer  Pulverizer 
of  America,  and  Europe,  or  of  the  world.  I 
stated  to  my  friend  that  I  thought  it  was  time 
for  men  of  our  age  to  be  in  bed.  He  agreed 
with  me,  and  I  made  for  the  elevator,  went  up 
to  the  foiu'th  floor,  and  to  room  288,  where  I 
hammered  on  the  door.  No  reply,  so  kept  on 
hammering  upon  the  door  until  presently  a 
man  emerged  from  the  door  next  to  us  to  in- 
quire what  was  the  matter.  This  man  hap- 
pened to  be  one  Peter  L.  Simpson,  a  manufac- 
turer of  the  Simpson  Dry  Press  Brick  Machine, 
who  has  since  died.  Also  next  came  one  F.  6. 
Steinkamper,  a  hand  brick  maker  of  St.  Louis. 
After  explaining  that  I  could  not  get  into  my 
room  they  invited  me  into  theii'  I'oom,  and  we 


hammered  on  their  door,  which  was  between 
the  two  rooms.  The  sound  sleeper  in  room  288 
was  I.  G.  Wheeler  of  Carthage,  Mo.,  who  is 
still  making  brick  at  Carthage.  Mr.  Stein- 
kamper, being  quite  an  elderly  gentleman,  has 
passed  across  the  Great  Divide  several  years 
ago.  He  was  a  North  St.  Louis  brick  maker; 
his  brick  yard  was  out  on  North'  Kingshigh- 
way,  just  east  of  the  Union  Pressed  Brick  Co.  's 
plant,  west  on  the  same  street,  which  is  now 
being  operated,  and  has  been  ever  since.  M.  F. 
Williams  as  a  millwright  installed  their  trans- 
mission machineiw  in  the  spring  of  1887. 

Being  unable  to  raise  Mr,  Wheeler  from  his 
slumbers,  I  had  to  go  down  to  the  office.  A 
porter  came  vip  with  a  step  ladder ;  he  opened 
the  transom,  crawled  in,  unlocked  the  door  and 
Wheeler  Avas  yet  asleep.  I  pounded  him  good 
ajid  hard  before  I  could  wake  him  from  his 
slumbers.  He  woke  up,  sat  up  in  bed,  said, 
"Williams,  what's  the  excitement?"  I  said, 
"Mr.  Wheeler,  in  after  years  you  will  learn 
what  the  excitement  is  about.  I  have  one  of 
the  gi'catest  inventions  of  the  age."  I  then 
;'nd  there  sat  down  at  a  table  and  finished  my 
(Irnwing  or  fketch  so  it  would  not  get  away 
fi'oiii  nu'.  I  kept  the  remainder  of  it  to  myself, 
until  I  arriveil  at  home  Sunday  morning,  con- 
siderably indisposed  from  my  first  case  of  what 
is  known  as  LaGrippc.  After  breakfasting,  I 
went  down  to  the  house  or  home  of  Edward  H. 
Frickey,  our  then  superintendent,  who  lived 
on  Hickory  street.  I  being  unable  to  draw  out 
the  hamnuM-  crushei',  asked  Frickey  to  do  it  for 
me.  He  drew  the  plan  of  a  cast  iron  frame, 
with  lugs  to  bolt  onto  a  wooden  frame.  We 
have  a  cut  cf  this  ei-ushcr  in  our  cut  book.  We 
have  the  crusher,  the  first  one  Ave  built,  in  our 
print  shop  upon  the  mezzanine  fioor,  as  a  souve- 
nir of  cur  start  in  the  hammer  crusher  busi- 
ness. 

On  the  way  home,  coming  over  from  Indian- 
apolis, I  went  into  the  smoking  compartment, 
and  there  I  met  Anthony  Ittner,  an  old  St. 
Louis  brick  maker,  who  was  83  years  of  age  on 
the  8th  of  October,  1920.  (Incidentally  re- 
mai'kihg,  while  the  St.  Louis  business  men  were 
on  a  vacation  to  Panama,  February,  1912,  and 
while  we  were  all  stopping  at  the  Tivoli  Hotel, 


MY  HINGED  HAMMER  CRUSHER 


^vhicll  belonged  to  the  Government,  and  was 
the  best  hotel  in  Panama, — after  supper,  Mr. 
Ittner  remarked,  "Boys,  who  is  going  up  to  the 
top  of  Ancon  liill  ?  I  for  one  am  going."  Sev- 
eral young  fellows  volunteered,  and  they  said 
Anthony  got  to  the  top  of  the  hill  before  any 
cf  them,  in  spite  of  his  74  years.  j\I.  V.  Wil- 
liams did  not  go,  but  he  did  go  downtown  to 
sec  the  sights.) 

Another  briek  maker  was  on  the  train,  by 
the  name  of  Jno.  Day,  of  Belleville,  Ills.,  now 
deceased.  Another,  Juo.  M.  Williams,  of  the 
Union  Hj'draulic  Pressed  Brick  Co.,  now  living 
oil  North  Kingshighway,  iu»ar  the  Union 
Pressed  Brick  plant.  Mr.  Ittner  remarked, 
"Yes,  I  expect  Williams  will  be  getting  up  a 
dry  press  brick  machine. ' '  My  reply  was,  ' '  No, 
gentlemen,  but  I  have  got  something  better 
than  any  dry  pressed  brick  machine."  "What 
is  it.'""  inquired  Ittner.  I  said,  "A  clay  pul- 
verizer."" They  wanted  to  know  what  kind,  ilj- 
reply  was,  "In  the  course  of  time  you  will  all 
know."  However,  I  had  forgotten  that  Mv. 
Wheeler  was  in  the  party  and  my  reply  Avas, 
"Ask  :S\r.  Wheeh'r.'"  "p.ut  of  curse  Mr. 
Wheeler  did  not  kiU)W  what  it  A\iis  like,  and 
I  then  related  the  circumstance  of  (metaphor- 
ically speaking)  bringing  Mr.  Wheeler  back 
to  earth  from  the  slumber  of  the  dead,  at  the 
dark  h  ;ur  of  midnight. 

Coming  back  to  Mr.  Fr:ckey"s  having  made 
the  drawing, — he  made  it  showing  it  running 
backwards.  I  was  so  eager  to  patent  the  de- 
vice and  my  old  patent  attorney,  Mr.  Moody, 
having  died,  I  went  to  Messrs.  Higdon,  Higdon 
&  Longdon.  They  took  out  my  first  patent 
showing  it  running  backwards,  and  while  the 
public  didn't  know  it,  the  fir.st  patent  was  not 
worth  much.  Owing  to  my  ignorance  in  taking 
out  patents,  the  main  feature  of  my  device, 
which  was  in  the  first  machine  we  built,  was 
not  mentioned  in  the  specification.  I  did  not 
file  application  for  this  device  until  two  years 
had  elapsed,  and  in  the  interim,  I  had  switched 
over  to  one  Frederick  R.  Cornwall,  as  my  pat- 
ent attorney.  He  sent  one  Mr.  Scott,  his  drafts- 
man, up  to  make  the  drawing  off  of  our  first 
crusher,  showing  an  adjustable  breaker  plate, 
and  subseijuently  our  patent  was  granted  upon 


an  adjustable  breaker  plate,  but  I  failed  to  get 
a  patent  iipon  a  stationary  breaker  plate  in 
conjunction  with  revolvable  beaters,  and  that 
portion  became  common  property. 

After  building  the  first,  crusher,  which  we 
now  have  in  our  print  shop,  as  aboTe  men- 
tioned, upon  a  wooden  frame,  we  immediately 
began  to  build  other  crushers  and  grinders,  and 
experimented  with  different  designs,  until  Ave 
'-0W  (1920)  have  6000  and  over  in  daily 
operation,  and  in  over  60  foreign  countries. 
Most  of  them,  hoAvever,  Avere  contracted  for 
before  the  present  European  AA-ar;  but  Ave  are 
every  month  noAV  exporting,  notAvithstanding 
the  Avar,  to  some  European  country;  even  in 
the  last  tAvo  months  of  1918,  Ave  shipped 
over  fifty  machines  to  the  Dutch  East  India 
Islands  of  Java  for  grinding  corn,  AA'hich  they 
call  maize. 

After  linilding  tiu^  first  crusher,  and  experi- 
menting AA-ith  it,  Ave  had  a  great  deal  of  trou- 
ble in  getting  it  to  feed  pi'operly,  and  getting 
the  breaker  plate  in  the  I'ight  position.  The 
second  crusher  AA-hieh  Ave  built,  Ave  remodeled 
one  Avhich  Ave  l)ought  second-hand  from  the 
firm  of  P.  B.  Mathesen,  noAV  deceased.  Hoav- 
ever,  at  that  time,  Matheson  was  in  California, 
and  the  Inisines:;  A\-as  managed  by  one  Clarence 
Hanson,  Avho  opei'ated  the  plant  for  Mr.  Mathe- 
son for  many  years;  and  finally  he  also  Avent 
to  California  on  a  visit  in  1909.  During  our 
visit  in  Los  Angeles,  with  our  son  0.  J.  Wil- 
liams and  his  Avife,  Ave  had  gone  one  morning 
doAvn  to  the  plant  of  the  Hauser  Packing  Co., 
and  in  pieference  to  taking  a  street  car  in 
front  of  the  plant,  Ave  Avalked  up  a  fcAV  blocks, 
and  then  met  the  car. 

Whom  should  Ave  meet  on  the  front  seat? 
None  other  than  Clarence  Hanson,  and  in  tAvo 
or  three  days  he  took  my  Avife  and  self  on  an 
automobile  ride  up  through  the  Redlands 
orange  district,  Avhcre  we  had  several  of  our 
grinders  Avorking. 

OUR   FIRST    COMMERCIAL   SWING   HAM- 
MER CRUSHER 

Coming  back  to  the  first  practical  crusher 
Avhich  Ave  built,  Avhich  avc  bought  from  P.  B. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Matheson,  and  usiii.u'  tlie  frame  but  discarding 
the  cylinder  of  the  machine,  which  they  called 
"a  headbreaker, "'  Ave  built  the  first  practical 
working  crusher  for  Mr.  Geo.  Beck,  and  placed 
it  in  a  plant  in  East  St.  Louis,  now  belonging 
to  the  chain  of  the  American  Agricultural 
Chemical  Fertilizer  plants.  In  operating  this 
first  practical  crusher  day  in  and  day  out.  we 
found  that,  at  the  speed  at  which  we  operated 
it,  namely,  1200  R.  P.  M.,  it  broke  the  bones  too 
finely.  All  they  wished  the  crusher  to  do  was 
to  cut  up  green  bones  about  fist  size,  and  not 
make  any  fine,  so  that  they  could  extract  the 
grease  and  sinew  from  same  bj'  the  naphtha 
process.  The  machinery  was  installed  in  this 
plant  by  the  millwi-ight  firm  of  one  Nicholas 
Cornelius,  who  has  been  dead  five  or  six  years. 
The  first  da.y's  work  that  Nicholas  Cornelius 
did  in  the  city  of  St.  Louis,  in  1873,  he  did  mi- 
der  the  supervision  of  M.  P.  Williams,  at  the 
old  Pacific  flouring  mill,  owned  by  J.  B.  M. 
Koehler,  at  Third  and  Cedar  streets.  After 
operating  this  bone  crusher  and  finding  that  it 
ran  too  rapidly,  we  had  to  cut  the  speed  down 
to  700,  and  in  so  doing  the  slow  speed  had  a 
tendency  for  the  beaters  by  their  oscillating 
motion  at  slow  speed  to  cut  the  hammer  bolts. 
Mr.  Beck  and  Mr.  Cornelius  decided  that  our 
principle  was  not  a  success.  The  more  they 
argued  this  point,  the  stronger  my  faith  was 
that  we  could  overcome  it.  I  immediately  went 
to  our  Mr.  Frickey,  related  the  circumstance, 
and  we  concluded  that  we  must  find  a  metal, 
one  which  would  not  have  an  affinity  for  the 
other.  At  this  juncture,  going  into  the  office 
of  George  Beck,  his  bookkeeper  stated  that  he 
formerly  worked  for  a  railroad  company ;  that 
they  had  trouble  with  the  locomotive  slides 
connected  with  the  cylinder ;  that  they  encoun- 
tered great  difficulty  by  the  slides  wearing  out 
and  they  finally  adopted  a  system  of  case  hard- 
ening them  and  also  the  slide  bars  as  well  as 
the  crosshead  slides,  and  that  ease  hardening 
immediately  stopped  their  cutting.  So  we 
adopted  case  hardening.  After  hvmting  and 
searching  the  markets  for  some  material  which 
would  case  harden,  we  finally  found  Tennessee 
iron  to  be  the  best.  Later  on  we  used  Swedish 
iron,  with  wires  drawn  into  the  iron  rods  or 


pressed  in.  to  give  the  rods  reiiliency  after  be- 
ing case  hardened. 

The  first  crusher  we  built,  as  far  as  I  know 
at  this  writing,  is  still  being  operated  at  the 
Empire  Carbon  Works  at  East  St.  Louis  as  a 
bone  breaker.  The  third  machine  which  we 
built  is  being  operated  in  East  St.  Louis  by  the 
Commercial  Acid  Co.  This  machine  has  been 
in  operation  for  over  20  years,  and  as  far  as 
we  know,  is  as  good  today  as  the  first  day  it 
was  started.  This  third  machine  was  first 
owned  by  the  St.  Louis  Sanitary  Company,  and 
used  at  their  lower  plant.  Their  superintend- 
ent was  named  Bryant.  One  morning  I  went 
doAvn  to  the  office  of  Rosenbaum  &  Hauschulte, 
and  upon  emerging  from  their  office  I  saw  Mr. 
Bryant  coming  in  his  buggy.  I  knew  him 
((uite  well,  and  knowing  that  they  were  looking 
for  a  machine  with  which  to  reduce  green  gar- 
bape  and  waste  from  commission  companies,  I 
caught  his  horse  by  the  bridle — a  black  horse 
with  a  star  upon  his  forehead, — and  Mr.  Bry- 
ant thought  it  was  a  hold-up  in  broad  daylight. 

My  remarks  to  him  were  to  turn  and  go  back. 
He  asked,  for  what.  I  said,  "Bryant,  when 
you  see  what  I  want  of  you,  you  will  want  to 
pat  me  on  the  back."  He  immediately  turned 
and  went  back  to  our  little  testing  machine, 
which  was  the  first  machine,  and  which  we  had 
under  belt,  being  operated  by  our  first  steam 
engine.  ^'Now,"  he  remarked  again,  "Wil- 
liams, what  do  you  want  to  show  me?"  I  im- 
mediately called  Dan  Brundage,  as  we  called 
him,  but  his  proper  cognomen  was  Caleb  Brun- 
dage. I  gave  him  a  dime,  sent  him  to  Mamie's 
to  get  two  heads  of  cabbage.  He  returned 
with  the  cabbage.  We  ran  the  cabbage 
through  the  first  crusher.  Bryant  looked 
on  in  amazement.  His  next  ejaculation 
was:  "Williams,  I  want  to  bring  a  wagon 
load  of  cabbage  here, — that  is,  waste  cab- 
bage leaves.  I  want  also  to  bring  Mr. 
Ed  Butler,  Mr.  Herman,  Mr.  John  B.  Clem- 
mons,  superintendent  of  the  Christy  Fire  Clay 
Co.  (who  is  now  deceased)  to  look  at  the  oper- 
ation." In  due  course  of  time  they  brought 
up  the  wagon  load  of  cabbage.  We  gave  a 
demonstration,  and  after  grinding  the  cabbage 


ADVANTAGE  OF  THE  HINGED  HAMMER 


leaves  and  stalk,  Mr.  Herman  asked  for  a 
bucket  of  water.  We  produced  what  he  want- 
ed. He  took  some  of  the  ground  cabbage,  a 
double  handful,  placed  it  in  the  bucket  of  wa- 
ter. I  stood  there  in  amazement,  and  none  of 
them  explained  what  the  operation  was  done 
for.  It  developed  after  they  had  purchased 
the  first  crusher  for  their  Southern  plant,  that 
it  was  to  reduce  green  garbage  along  with  wa- 
ter, and  run  the  same  into  the  sewer  and  out 
into  the  river  as  a  means  of  getting  rid  of  it, 
as  there  were  no  fertilizer  qualities  worth  men- 
tioning in  the  garbage.  In  later  years,  when 
they  lost  the  city  contract  for  reducing  city 
garbage,  they  wrecked  both  plants  and  sold  the 
contents ;  and  here  I  will  record  one  of  my  mis- 
takes. Mr.  JIcDonald  bought  the  first  Wil- 
liams practical  crusher,  which  is  now  at  the 
Commercial  Acid  Company's  plant,  and  want- 
ed to  sell  it  back  to  us.  I  should  have  pur- 
chased it  for  a  real  souvenir.  I  have  since  tried 
to  buy  it  back,  but  the  Commercial  Acid  Com- 
pany refused  to  sell  it.  As  we  have  above  re- 
marked, this  same  crusher  has  given  now  over 
20  years'  service.  The  advertisements  of  the 
Williams  Patent  Crusher  &  Pulverizer  Co.,  at 
2705  North  Broadway,  have  been  distributed 
throiighout  the  United  States  and  many  foreign 
eoiinti'ies,  and  it  is  probably  the  best  adver- 
tised grinder  on  earth.  In  its  eirV  infancy 
the  first  machine  which  we  built  and  we  nov,- 
have  as  a  souvenir,  not  one  man  out  of  10.000 
Avould  have  offered  a  nickel  for  it.  It  em- 
bodies the  most  deceptive  grinding,  granulat- 
ing, pulverizing,  crushing,  triturating,  or  dis- 
integrating principle  that  it  has  yet  been  pos- 
sible or  ever  will  be  possible  for  a  human 
mind  to  conceive.  This  is  reaching  far.  It  is 
going  beyond  the  pale  almost  of  possible  be- 
lief. Yet  the  reason  for  it  is  this:  It  is  the 
maximum  of  power.  Why?  A  revolving  cyl- 
inder with  stiff  arms  is  not  the  maximum  of 
power.  When  the  stiff  arms  strike  resisting 
bodies,  they  impel  rather  than  propel,  while 
the  loosely  jointed  hing-ed  hammer  propels, — 
and  why?  With  the  belt  driving  the  cylinder 
which  is  the  most  approved  form  of  drive,  or 
when  the  motor  drives  the  cylinder,  or  when 
the  water  wheel  drives  the  cylinder,  of  a  stiff 


arm  disintegrator,  the  "back  lash,"  as  known 
in  millwrighting,  is  the  long  lever  against  the 
short  lever.  The  driven  pulley  is  the  short 
lever.  The  grinding  arm  is  the  long  lever.  The 
grinding  arm  meets  with  resistance.  When  it 
is  rigid,  it  acts  against  the  short  lever  quite 
perceptibly,  and  causes  an  intermittent  motion 
to  the  cylinder  and  the  revolving  beaters.  In 
the  hinged  haunner  the  opposite  occurs;  the 
cylinder  meets  with  a  back  lash,  the  diameter 
of  the  cylinder  is  smaller  than  the  diameter 
of  the  grinder.  The  diameter  of  the  driven 
pulley  is  smaller  than  the  diameter  of  the  cyl- 
inder. When  driven  with  a  belt  the  belt  acts 
as  a  cushion.  The  belt  also  acts  as  a  hinge  for 
the  reaction  and  back  lash.  The  hammers  be- 
ing suspended  upon  a  hammer  bolt,  also  act  as 
a  cushion  and  a  reaction.  In  the  hinged  ham- 
mer a  large  chunk  of  material  to  be  crushed, 
or  an  overfeeding  of  the  cylinder,  occurring 
between  the  belt,  the  driven  pulley  and  the 
hinged  hammer,  the  back  lash  or  reaction  is 
all  taken  up  and  does  not  disconcert  the  cylin- 
der, as  it  does  with  a  rigid  arm.  Hence  Ave 
have  the  maximum  of  power. 

INCIDENTS  ON  THE  ROAD  INTRODUCING 
MY  CRUSHER 

In  the  early  stages  of  our  existence,  I,  M.  F. 
Williams,  went  upon  the  road  displaying  to 
the  public  the  great  bugaboo  of  a  high-speeded 
machine.  We  had  this  prejudice  to  overcome. 
We  had  our  enemies  to  fight,  and  they  were 
many.  The  spinal  column  of  M.  P.  Williams, 
the  head  pusher  and  the  progenitor  of  the 
hinged  hammer  idea,  being  of  Welsh  descent, 
had  the  backbone  to  talk  it  down.  The  hard- 
er, the  more  pronounced  the  enemies  would  try 
to  dissuade  the  public,  sphinxlike,  M.  F.  Wil- 
liams arose  with  new  persistence  and  new  ar- 
guments and  conquered  them  all. 

I  practiced  these  mottoes : 

"Screw  your  •  courage  to  the  sticking 
point  and  stick." 

"Between  the  two  extremes  follow  Ihe 
mean." 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


The  common  saying,  "Honesty  is  the  best  pol- 
icy"' is  untrue.  Honesty  is  no  policy.  Honesty 
is  I'ight.  'Tis  the  will  of  God.  It  is  the  only 
policy.     There  is  none  other. 

In  those  dark  days  of  adversity  I  was  flam- 
ing M'ith  enthusiasm.  In  Pittsburg,  in  the  of- 
fice of  the  Park  Steel  Co.,  some  of  the  young 
dudes  made  sport  of  my  summer  hat,  which 
had  been  "called  in,"  as  is  generally  termed. 
They  made  sport  of  my  summer  clothes.  I 
said,  "Boys,  gentlemen  of  this  office,  he  who 
laughs  best,  laug-hs  last.  I  will  live  to  see  the 
day  tliat  I  can  buy  you  all  out."'  (And  I  will 
guai'antee  the  day  is  now.) 

In  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  where  I  was 
getting  some  work  done  for  one  of  our  grind- 
ers to  improve  upon  it, — in  the  office  of  a 
machine  shop, — they  made  sport  of  my  um- 
brella. It  was  large  enough  to  cover  a  real 
man  when  it  rained.  Some  of  the  young  dudes 
in  the  office  asked  me  if  1  had  robbed  some 
expi'ess  wagon  of  an  umbi'ella.  I  I'emai'kcd: 
"Bo.ys,  keep  sawing  wood  and  whistling.  Fa- 
ther Williams  will  show  you  some  day,  because 
he  is  from  Missouri."     (The  day  has  arrived.) 

TURN  ABOUT  IS  FAIR  PLAY 

In  old  Smoky  City,  in  the  office  of  Jones 
and  Laughlin,  I  was  invited  to  leave  the  office 
by  a  young  smart  Alick.  In  the  front  receiv- 
ing office,  no  one  was  in.  A  man  came  from 
the  back  office,  and  I  should  judge  his  stock 
in  trade  consisted  of  the  raiment  which 
adorned  his  body.     He  said,  "We  don't    need 

any  crushers."    I  remarked:  "How  in  the  h 

(which  means  Hastings,  Minn.)  do  you  know 
you  don't?"  "We  have  no  time  to  talk  to 
you."  I  said,  "All  right,  brother,  we  will  have 
no  time  to  talk  to  your  agent  in  St.  Louis,  as 
he  now  has  a  requisition  for  two  cars  of  steel." 
He  immediately  changed  his  attitude.  "I  beg 
your  pardon,  I  was  hasty,  I  will  give  you  all 
the  time  that  is  necessary."  I  replied:  "Broth- 
er, I  would  be  very  sorry  to  take  up  your  val- 
uable time.  I  will  bid  you  a  respectful  good- 
day.  I  am  on  the  way  to  the  telegraph  office 
to   tell   them    to   switch    our   orders   from   the 


Jones  and  Laughlin  Steel  Co."  He  followed 
me  out  the  door  and  begged  me  to  come  back 
and  sit  do^vn, — and  I  held  him  for  at  least  an 
hour.  He  then  begged  me  to  go  to  one  of 
their  coking  plants  and  talk  to  the  superin- 
tendent, which  I  did,  and  the  echo  brought  the 
answer  of  a  sale  of  a  Williams  crusher. 

A  LESSON  IN  POLITENESS 

Upon  another  occasion,  while  in  Buft'alo,  in 
the  Ellieott  Square  building,  I  went  up  to  an 
office  to  answer  a  letter  which  we  had  re- 
ceived from  the  firm  about  disintegrating  pulp 
board  into  shreds  from  which  to  make  paper. 
I  had  with  me  a  long  wooden  case,  a  case  con- 
taining my  model,  and  one  other  article  to  help 
me  explain  what  the  Williams  machine  would 
do.  In  the  long  wooden  case  I  carried  vials 
full  of  crushed  material,  which  interested  any 
man  or  persons  who  wished  to  disintegrate 
material.  A  cheap  bookkeeper  over  in  the  cor- 
ner remarked  something  to  me  adversely, 
which  caused  the  bristles  on  my  back  to  rise 
up  like  a  boar  going  to  war.  In  looking  to  the 
right,  I  saw  the  proprietor  in  a  telephone 
booth  talking  to  some  one,  perhaps  their  paper 
mill,  over  the  long  distance.  While  the  book- 
kee]ier  had  insulted  me  and  said  the  proprie- 
tor hadn't  time  to  talk  to  me,  I  treated  him 
with  contempt.  The  proprietor  looked  out  and 
laughed.  I  immediately  knew  that  the  propri- 
etor was  a  gentleman,  that  the  chief  bookkeep- 
er lacked  experience;  even  a  stenographer,  a 
handsome  blond-headed  girl,  smiled  at  me,  and 
I  returned  the  smile  which  would  not  come  off. 
Pi'csently  the  gentleman  emerged  from  the  tel- 
ephone booth.  I  handed  him  my  card  and  he 
said:  "Mr.  Williams,  be  seated."  Then  I  pre- 
sented the  letter.  "Oh,"  he  remarked,  "I  am 
glad  to  meet  you."  I  showed  my  samples.  I 
know  I  didn  't  detain  him  over  an  hour  and  a 
half.  We  afterwards  sold  him  one  or  two  ma- 
chines. I  afterwards  asked  him  to  call  his 
bookkeeper  over,  and  said:  "Mr.  Blank,  will 
you  kindly  give  your  bookkeeper  a  lesson  in 
etiquette?  Tell  him  to  treat  every  one  who 
looks  respectable  with  respectability."  The 
bookkeeper  has  done  so,  no  doubt,  ever  since. 


ROAD  INCIDENTS 


A  JIARSDEN  EPISODE 

Upon  another  occasion,  while  in  the  City  of 
Love,  the  city  of  peace,  the  statehouse  of  wliich 
is  adorned  by  the  statue  of  William  Penn,  the 
only  man  who  ever  treated  the  noble  red  men 
justly,  the  man  who  was  of  Quaker  birth,  as  is 
the  writer  of  these  notes, — I  was  ushered  into 
an  office  building,  and  upon  the  fourteenth 
story  I  met  the  great  "I  am,"  the  great  in- 
ventor, who  was  going  to  be  a  benefactor  to 
cur  navy,  one  Mr.  Marsden,  the  man  who  in- 
vented, or  claims  to  have  invented,  cellulose. 
Cellulose  is  the  pith  of  the  cornstalk,  the  inno- 
cent old  cornstalk,  which  the  farmers  scatter 
broadcast,  and  plow  under  to  no  benefit.  Mr. 
Marsden 's  company  was  incorporated  for 
about  $50,000,000.  They  had  written  us  to 
know  if  we  could  shred  up  cornstalks,  and 
while  in  his  office  presenting  my  card,  he 
turned  to  me  with  his  refrigerator  manner  and 
undertook  to  freeze  me  out.  When  I  presented 
to  him  my  embellished  piece  of  parchment, 
covered  with  hieroglyphics  indicating  the  fact 
that  I  held  the  exalted  position  of  President 
of  the  little  2x4  Williams  Patent  Crusher  & 
Pulverizer  Company  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  U.  S. 
A.,  he  replied,  "I  haven't  time,  I  am  too  busy 
at  other  important  matters."  I  did  not  va- 
moose. I  said:  "Mr.  Marsden,  your  Mr.  So- 
and-so  lives  in  Toledo,  doesn't  he?"  "Yes, 
what  of  it?"  "He  is  the  man  who  has  made 
these  inquiries."  "Oh,  have  you  answered 
him?"  "Yes,  sir,  he  requested  that  I  call  upon 
yon  when  in  Philadelphia."  "Is  that  a  fact?" 
"Yes,  sir."  "Well,  Mi-.  Williams,  our  plant  is 
at  Owensboro,  Ky.  Go  down  and  see  them." 
I  went  to  Lasalle,  Ills.,  first,  and  I  met  a  gen- 
tleman, Mr.  Whitely  by  name,  who  formerl.y 
built  agricultural  machinery  in  Springfield, 
Ohio,  whom  I  had  met  when  I  was  a  young 
man  .just  leaving  the  glorious  old  state  of  Ohio 
to  take  Horace  Greele.y's  advice  to  go  west  and 
grow  up  with  the  country.  After  relating  the 
circuiustance,  he  gave  me  all  the  information 
they  had,  as  they  were  only  gathering  corn- 
stalks to  ship  to  Owensboro,  Ky.,  from  which 
to  make  cellulose.  I  immediately  repaired  to 
Owensboi'o,  Kj-.     I  got  no  farther  than  the  of- 


fice and  very  little  more  information  than  I 
did  from  Mr.  Whitely,  but  I  concluded  that 
our  principle  was  not  the  correct  one  to  ex- 
tract the  cellulose,  as  it  would  be  too  severe. 

Time  passed  on,  Mr.  Marsden  was  eradicat- 
ed from  my  memory,  as  hundreds  and  thou- 
sands of  other  crushing,  grinding,  and  shred- 
ding propositions  took  its  place. 

RETURNING  GOOD  FOR  EVIL 

About  one  year  ago,  we  had  a  letter  from 
the  celel)rated  Mr.  Jlarsden,  wishing  to  know 
if  we  could  shred  up  oat  straw.  I  referred 
him  to  our  Mr.  P.  C.  McKinlay,  in  the  Bourse 
building,  and  he,  Mr.  McKinla.y,  arrailged  for 
a  meeting  at  our  plant  with  Mr.  Marsden,  the 
celebrated  Mr.  Marsden.  They  sent  on  some 
oat  straw.  We  shredded  it,  and  in  our  oavii 
office  I  treated  Mr.  Marsden  as  a  gentleman, 
— the  great  Promoter,  as  he  would  like  to  be 
called.  I  did  not  retaliate,  as  my  father  al- 
ways told  me  to  return  good  for  evil.  Relat- 
ing an  incident:  when  father  was  going  to  his 
home  from  a  coal  bank  with  a  bushel  basket 
of  coal  upon  one  shoulder  and  a  coal  pick  in 
his  right  hand,  his  would-be  brothei'-in-law 
slipped  up  behind  him  and  struck  him  in  the 
face,  and  then  began  to  run.  Father  hallooed, 
"Elisha  (as  his  name  was  Elisha  Bailey)  : 
"Come,  hit  me  on  the  other  cheek."  Of  course 
his  son  M.  F.,  if  he  were  in  existence  at  that 
time  in  the  shape  of  man,  would  have  done  the 
same  thing  (nit). 

Upon,  another  occasion,  father  discovered 
that  Elisha  Bailey  was  tearing  down  his  shocks 
of  fodder.  Father  secreted  himself  in  one  of 
the  shocks  with  a  pruning  knife.  Instinct  must 
have  told  Elisha  that  Robert  Williams  was 
in  a  certain  shock,  for  Elisha  avoided  that 
shock.  Had  he  have  come  to  that  shock  Elisha 
undoubtedly  would  have  received  a  shock 
Avhich  he  would  have  carried  to  his  grave,  as 
that  time  father  was  determined  and  exasper- 
ated beyond  measure  at  the  dirty  tricks  which 
he  played,  living  then  upon  father's  farm,  and 
not  even  paying  rent. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


EARLY  IMITATORS 

Back  to  the  subject  of  the  vicissitudes  of  the 
tribulations  and  adverse  trials  of  M.  F.  Wil- 
liam's in  trjdng  to  get  a  foothold  with  our 
grinding  and  crushing  principle.  I  was  in  the 
office  of  a  tannery  in  a  town  in  Pennsylvania. 
I  had  heard  that  this  tainiing  company  had 
undertaken  to  build  one  of  our  shredders,  was 
stealing  our  thunder,  copying  our  patents.  I 
went  to  the  office.  I  met  the  president,  and  he 
turned  loose  an  iceberg  upon  me.  I  said:  "Mr. 
President,  a  gentleman,  an  upright  man,  an 
honest  man,  will  not  infringe  another  num's 
patent  if  he  knows  it.  I  will  find  out  just  what 
you  are  building  before  I  leave  this  town  if 
it  costs  my  compajiy  a  thousand  dollars,  and  if 
I  have  to  commit  murder."  (HoAvever,  the  lat- 
ter remark  was  something  of  a  bluif.)  I  re- 
paired to  the  plant.  It  was  in  the  Avinter  sea- 
sou.  I  met  the  superintendent,  but  I  did  not 
get  in.  I  gave  a  workman  $5  for  his  over- 
clothes  at  noontime.  I  got  into  the  plant  as  a 
workman.  I  saw  all  that  was  to  be  seen.  I 
found  that  they  were  not  infringing  any  of 
our  patents,  as  they  were  not  building  our 
machines. 

Upon  another  occasion  I  discovered  that  a 
man  from  Cory,  Pa.,  by  the  name  of  Smith,  of 
the  Smith  Pump  Mfg.  Co.,  whom  I  was  told 
had  built  a  Williams  bark  shredder,  copying 
our  patents.  This  I  heard  at  Bradford,  Pa. 
I  heard  this  from  Mr.  Smith,  who  had  built 
the  infringing  machine,  who  lived  at  Brad- 
ford. I  got  him  to  the  hotel  and  had  quite  a 
conversation  with  him,  quari'cling  about  pat- 
ents. He  said  that  we  had  no  patents,  and 
that  if  we  had  they  were  no  good.  But  it  had 
the  effect  of  causing  Mr.  Smith  to  desist  from 
building  the  machines.  However,  he  had  only 
built  one,  Avhich  was  in  a  tannery  at  another 
town  in  Pennsylvania.  This  information  about 
Smith  I  got  from  the  president  of  the  tannery, 
who  said:  "Williams,  you  are  a  Mason."  I 
replied:  "Yes."  "I  believe  you  are  an  honest 
man.  Go  over  to  our  tannery  and  tell  the  su- 
perintendent to  let  you  look  at  the  bark  shred- 
der which  Smith  has  tried  to  build." 
However,    it    was    not    not    a    bark    shredder, 


it  was  a  cutter  with  knives  extending 
across  in  the  place  of  the  beaters.  It  was  a 
blank  failure.     The  cage  would  choke,  and  Mr. 

told  them  it  would  not  be  used  again 

or  tried  again;  also  told  me  the  same  thing. 
I  won  his  confidence.  I  went  back  to^he  man. 
who  made  it  in  Bradford,  showed  him  our  mod- 
el. He  said:  "Mr.  Williams,  we  will  not  build 
any  more  machines  for  Mr.  Smith,"  and  they 
did  not.  But  from  Mr.  Smith  I  learned  that 
the  Horseheads  Brick  Co.,  Horseheads.  N.  Y., 
had  in  a  hammer  pulverizer  many  years  before 
I  got  mine  out.  I  bought  a  ticket  that  night 
for  Elmira,  arrived  there  in  the  morning,  went 
down  to  Horseheads  on  the  trolley  car  next 
morning,  met  R.  G.  Eisenhart,  and  he  and  the 
writer  have  been  warm  friends  ever  since, — 
one  of  my  best  friends.  But  what  did  I  find? 
No  hammer  crusher,  but  a  pin  mill.  Since  then 
our  company  has  sold  Eisenhart  three  hammer 
crushers,  so  the  night's  ride  became  profitable 
in  after  years. 

M.  F.  WILLIAMS  TRAVELS  IN  FOREIGN 
COUNTRIES 

In  my  business  trips  in  connection  with  the 
introduction  of  my  hinged  hammer  crusher 
and  pulverizer,  I  have  traveled  in  Canada, 
Mexico,  Cuba,  Ireland,  England,  Scotland, 
Norway,  Sweden,  France,  Panama  and  the 
Hawaiian  Islands. 

MY  AIM  IN  LIFE 

M.  F.  Williams,  from  the  time  he  reached 
his  majority,  had  an  innate  desire  to  become  a 
man  amongst  men;  not  politically,  not  as  a 
statesman,  but  as  a  useful  man  in  the  world,  to 
produce  something  new,  something  to  hand 
down  to  posterity, — which  I  have  done.  I  have 
embodied  a  principle  in  mechanics  which  gives 
the  maximum  of  power,  which  will  be  used  in 
crushing  and  grinding  for  the  next  million 
years,  as  there  is  no  principle  in  mechanics 
which  will  ever  supersede  it. 

A  GOOD  RULE  TO  FOLLOW 

Advice  to  a  business  man,  advice  to  a  farm- 
er, advice  to  any  man  or  woman  upon  receiv- 


HAWAII  AND  ENGLAND 


ing  a  caustic  or  angry  letter.  When  yovi  open 
said  letter,  and  see  the  blue  smoke  pent  up  in 
said  letter  from  the  irate  writer  who  has  tried 
to  vent  his  spleen  and  ease  his  conscience  with 
^dtuperation,  or  with  vengeance, — lay  said  let- 
ter away  for  two  or  three  days,  perhaps  a 
■week :  then  when  your  conscience  smites  yon 
and  you  feel  in  duty  bound  to  answer,  take  up 
said  letter,  read  it  carefully,  word  for  word, 
paragraph  by  paragraph,  then  answer  system- 
atically. Now  here's  the  secret,  dear  friend. 
Ninety-nine  out  of  a  hundred  people  expect  a 
sarcastic  and  vituperative  answer.  Brother  or 
sister,  take  this  unto  yourself:  answer  the  let- 
ter iu  diametrically  the  opposite  Avay  from 
what  he  would  expect.  "Oh."  you  will  say, 
"vengeance  is  sweet."  Yes,  at  the  time  per- 
haps, but  vengeance  availeth  nothing.  In  this 
world  there  are  two  kinds  of  mats:  A  floor 
mat  with  which  to  wipe  your  feet  upon;  a 
diplomat,  with  which  to  glory  over  your  an- 
tagonist, if  such  they  may  be, — and  yon  have 
the  advantage  of  them  every  time  in  a  heated 
argument. 

WORLD-WIDE    INTRODUCTION    OF    MY 
CRUSHER 

During  the  early  introduction  of  our  ma- 
chines I  made  frecpient  trips  to  the  East  and 
some  to  the  West,  but  have  since  decided  that 
I  will  not  make  any  more ;  I  will  allow  them  to 
be  made  by  younger  men.  The  greatest  trip 
which  I  did  make,  in  order  to  get  our  ma- 
chines introduced,  was  to  the  City  of  Honolulu 
and  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  which  is  bringing 
forth  fruit.  While  very  little  is  being  done  in 
that  line  during  the  war,  when  the  war  is  over 
the  whole  of  the  sugar  cane  industry  will  have 
to  be  rehabilitated,  and  we  will  then  get  our 
innings. 

In  1900.  the  first  of  July,  I  started  for  Lon- 
don, having  had  correspondence  with  a  firm  in 
Hull,  Rosalowns  &  Thompson,  who  wished  to 
take  over  the  manufacturing  of  our  crushers 
and  grinders  upon  a  royalty  basis.  Consequent- 
ly I  made  arrangements  to  make  a  European 
trip.  A  disaster  destroyed  the  steamer  which 
was  allotted  to  take  our  party  over,  the  major- 
ity of  whom  were  Christian  Endeavor  repre- 


sentatives. Tlie  contingent  which  went  from 
St.  Louis,  102  in  number,  was  chaperoned  by 
Mr.  McClain  of  the  Provident  Association. 
Before  Ave  arrived  at  New  York,  the  steamer 
which  A^as  to  take  our  party  burned  in  Hobo- 
ken ;  (|uite  a  number  of  people  were  caught  in 
the  hold  of  this  vessel  and  burned  along  with 
the  vessel.  The  whole  party,  nearly  or  quite 
800  all  told,  was  switched  to  the  steamer 
Trauvc,  which  sailed  from  New  York  from  pier 
No.  22  in  the  early  part  of  July,  so  that  our 
fourth  of  July  was  passed  on  board  the  steam- 
er. I  remained  in  Europe  four  and  one-half 
months,  during  which  time  I  sold  a  few  crush- 
ers, but  did  not  negotiate  with  any  one  to 
manufacture  them ;  but  while  there  did  nego- 
tiate with  a  firm  in  London  to  take  over  the 
London  branch.  A  firm  in  London  agreed  to 
raise  $250,000,  with  which  to  start  a  plant,  pre- 
sumably to  be  built  out  in  Kent,  about  thir- 
ty odd  miles  from  London.  The  town  of  Kent 
is  the  same  town  that  has  been  bombarded 
during  the  late  war  so  many  times  from  air- 
planes by  the  Germans.  (This  same  town  is 
where  Martin  Earl  &  Co.  and  their  associates, 
about  80  in  numbei',  had  a  wet  material  Port- 
land cement  plant, — since,  I  believe,  changed 
to  the  dry  process.)  Their  negotiations  were 
so  slow,  and  it  became  so  irksome,  that  I  be- 
came tired  and  went  from  Hull  to  Glasgow,  to 
meet  a  friend  or  acquaintance  whom  I  had  met 
in  the  Tremont  Hotel,  in  Boston,  one  Walter 
Scott.  After  remaining  a  few  days  in  Glas- 
gow, 1  sailed  upon  a  return  steamer  down  the 
Clyde,  which  today  is  the  busiest  shipbuilding 
district  no  doubt  in  the  world. 

I  GET  THE  TITLE  CAPTAIN 

On  sailing  from  Glasgow,  many  people  came 
down  to  the  dock  to  bid  the  emigrants  good- 
by.  Many  demonstrations  of  love  and  of 
friendship  were  displayed.  Many  kerchiefs 
remained  at  the  eyes  of  the  people,  especially 
the  females.  I  went  down  upon  the  first  deck, 
feeling  lonely  and  neglected.  I  selected  a  chap 
on  the  dock,  beckoned  him  to  come  to  me,  and 
I  said:  "Young  man,  I  am  not  a  distinguished 
passenger  on  this  ship.  Many  have  their 
friends.     I  am  a  stranger  and  an  American.     I 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


would  like  to  be  selected  as  a  distiiiguished 
personage.  Here's  an  American  dollar.  I  will 
go  upon  the  hurricane  deck,  you  step  forward 
out  of  the  crowd,  I  will  have  my  hat  oft",  wav- 
ing it,  and  you  sing  out  in  stentorian  tones: 
"Good-by,  Captain  Williams."  He  said:  "All 
right,  sir."  I  waved  my  chapeau  and  said: 
"Good-by,  Colonel.  God  bless  you!"  At  this 
juncture  every  hat  went  off  and  the  ejacula- 
tion of  "Good-by,  Captain"  reverberated 
through  the  air  until  they  finally  ceased  to  be 
heard ;  but  from  that  time  on,  across  the  ocean, 
and  until  we  reached  New  York,  I  was  desig- 
nated as  "Captain." 

AVe  left  Glasgow  about  6  o'clock  in  the 
evening,  and  as  we  sailed  down  the  Clyde  you 
f;ould  see  them  and  hear  them  working  at 
/light,  building  hulls  of  steel  ships,  and  you 
could  hear  hundreds  of  compressed  air  rivet- 
ers at  Avork,  using  an  American  invention,  and 
proljably  manufactured  by  Jos.  Boyer,'  a  man 
who  started  in  St.  Louis  and  became  quite  fa- 
mous, manufacturing  the  Burroughs  adding 
machine.  Mr.  Burroughs  is  long  since  dead, 
and  while  Buri'oughs  was  the  inventor,  Boyer 's 
company  is  reaping  the  harvest.  Also  Boyer 's 
company  manufactures  very  extensively  air 
tools,  a  niuiilier  of  which  we  use  in  cur  own 
factory. 

My  first  recollection  of  Boyer  was  when  he 
lived  on  Bacon  street,  the  uext  block  north  of 
where  our  family  lived;  he  then  moved  west- 
ward to  Maple  avenue,  two  blocks  west  of 
where  we  now  live,  at  5153  Vernon  avenue ; 
and  his  next  move  was  to  Detroit,  Mich.,  where 
his  company  is  new  many  times  a  millionaire 
concern.  While  Joe  Boyer  is  a  self-made  man, 
an  unassuming  man,  a  man  of  quiet  demeanor, 
he  has  been  most  eminently  successful  in  busi- 
ness. Incidentally  remarking  that  on  the 
steamer  Trauve  his  daughter  made  the  same 
trip  to  Europe.  Boyer 's  Avife  and  dauglrter 
were  Adsiting  a  sister  upon  the  Hudson  River,  I 
think,  at  West  Point.  They  came  to  Now 
York,  and  at  the  hotel  in  which  they  stopped 
a  purse  containing  $50.00  was  stolen  from  Mrs. 
Boyer  from  a  settee  in  the  parlor.  When  she 
came  down  with  her  daughter  to  the  Trauve  at 


the  ship  landing,  the  daughter's  trunk  was 
nussing,  and  she  had  to  make  the  trip  to  Lon- 
don without  her  trousseau.  The  ladies  on  the 
steamship  Avere  very  kind  in  loaning  clothing 
to  her  until  she  arrived  in  London,  Avhere  she 
bought  another  outfit.  I  had  a  visit  a  few 
years  ago  from  Joseph  Boyer,  and  he  stated 
to  me  that  his  daughter's  trunk  Avas  not  found 
until  late  in  the  fall  of  the  year  1900. 

As  Ave  passed  doAvn  the  Clyde  and  out  into 
the  ocean,  I  Avas  fast  in  the  arms  of  Morpheus, 
Avheu  Ave  struck  the  ocean,  and  as  we  had  taken 
passage  upon  a  slow  steamer,  Ave  stopped  the 
next  day  at  Moville  Bay,  which  is  in  Ireland, 
and  remained  there  three  or  four  hours  to  wait 
for  the  mail  train  to  come  from  Belfast.  While 
lying  at  anchorage,  several  of  us  Avent  on  shore. 
There  we  met  a  jaunting  cart,  the  first  I  had 
seeU;  AA'hich  took  us  quite  a  jaunt  up  through  a 
little  village  to  the  post  office,  where  Ave  bought 
postal  cards  and  mailed  them  to  America. 
This  cart  lock  us  a  fcAV  miles  doAvn  through 
the  country,  Avhcre  Ave  got  to  see  a  glimpse 
of  Irish  home  life  among  the  peasants.  It  Ava3 
late  in  the  fall  and  the  air  Avas  frosty.  We 
stepped  in  several  cabins,  saw  them  burning 
peat  in  the  little  old  fireplaces ;  their  children, 
even  young  Avomen  merging  into  Avomanhood, 
Avere  all  barefooted,  and  Ave  Avere  hardly  com- 
fortable Avith  our  overcoats.  Our  voyage  Avas 
uneventful  homeward,  Avhich  was  sIoav  and  cold 
and  the  ship  Avas  very  cold.  It  Avas  a  Canadian 
cattle  ship.  Upon  nearing  Sandy  Hook,  upon 
the  forenoon  of  the  fourteenth  day  after  leaA^- 
ing  GlasgoAV,  Avhere  Ave  changed  pilots,  the 
most  eventful  and  remarkable  occurrence  Avas 
the  ncAvs  of  the  election  of  President  McKin- 
ley,  second  term.  We  all  hailed  the  ncAvs  Avith 
gladness,  as  Ave  had  taken  a  vote  upon  ship- 
board, a  straAv  vote,  the  majority  of  Avhich 
Avere  for  President  McKinley.  We  arrived  in 
NcAv  York  City  and  tied  up  at  the  pier  at  22nd 
street;  and  upon  going  to  our  Ncav  York  of- 
fice, I  found  telegrams  for  me  to  go  to  Well- 
ston,  Ohio,  to  negotiate  for  the  sale  of  some 
of  our  grinders  in  a  cement  plant.  Upon  ar- 
riving there,  I  Avas  requested  to  go  to  Detroit, 
and  there  meet  the  president  of  the  company, 
Avhieh  I  did,   and   closed  the   deal   for  several 


MY  BEST  PHOTOGRAPH 


grinders.  I  finally  took  the  Wabash  at  3  :30  p. 
m.,  and  arrived  home  safely  the  next  day  from 
Detroit.  In  about  two  weeks  after  my  arrival 
home  the  London  iirm  cabled  me  to  return  and 
the  negotiations  would  go  on.  However,  I  de- 
cided I  would  not  return,  that  we  would  fight 
it  out  on  this  side  of  the  water,  which  we  have 
been   doing   ever   since,    and   each    succeeding 


Push  the  right  button, 
Pull  the  right  string, — 
And  success  is  yours. 
The   opposite, — the   contrary. 

Some  have  eyes  and  see  not. 
Others  hath  ears  and  hear  not, 
There  are  none  so  blind  as  those  who  can  see 
and  will  not 


year  far  surpasses  the  preceding  year  in  the 
manufacturing  of  our  crushers  and  grinders. 

READ,— THINK,— AND    ACT 

Back  in  the  days  of  barbarism  man  was  de- 
pendent upon  nature  for  his  food,  his  shelter 
and  his  clothing,  he  banded  together  for  com- 
pany and  protection — little   more. 


February,  !903 


Therefore  a  bird  which  can  sing  and  will  not 
sing  must  be  compelled  to  sing.  Birds  sing 
only  from  happiness,  extreme  happiness ;  hence 
make  the  birds  happy  and  they  will  sing. 

MY  BEST  LIKENESS 

Cut  No.  162  shows  a  reproduction  of  a  pho- 
tograph of  M.  F.  Williams,  which  picture  was 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


taken  in  "Washington  City  in  1903,  in  the  month 
of  February.  Ten  minutes  before  it  was  taken 
I  had  no  idea  of  having  a  photograph  taken — 
in  fact,  I  hadn't  the  least  idea.  My  wife  and 
I  had  just  returned  from  the  Brick  Makers' 
Convention,  February  4-7,  1903,  at  Boston. 
Coming  over  to  New  York,  we  there  visited 
Walker  Bowman,  the  Williams  Patent  Crusher 


they  have."  As  we  entered  the  show  room,  a 
very  fine  looking  gentleman  came  up  and  said, 
"How  do  you  do."  I  answered  by  stating, 
"I  do  as  I  please."  He  caught  on  instantly 
and  remarked :  "  So  do  I  when  I  can. ' '  I  said : 
"Brother,  Avell  put!  I  accept  your  apology, — 
so  do  I  when  I  can."  He  said:  "Step  this 
way,"  took  me  by  the  arm,  led   me  upstairs. 


Cut   No.   163— Mother   and   the   girl 


and  Pulverizer  Company's  representative. 
Walking  along  Pennsylvania  avenue  in  Wash- 
ington, we  passed  a  photographer's  office,  and 
upon  the  outside  and  in  the  windows  I  saw 
quite  a  collection  of  photos  of  senators  and 
representatives,  which  showed  exceptionally 
good  artistic  work  of  the  photographer.  I  re- 
marked to  my  wife:  "Let's  go  in  and  see  what 


My  Avife  remarked:  "Where  are  you  going?" 
I  replied  :  "  I  know  not. ' '  The  gentleman  stat- 
ed: "Follow  the  flag!  my  road  leads  to  suc- 
cess." Upstairs  we  went  into  the  photogra- 
pher's room.  He  brushed  my  hair,  seated  me, 
he  said:  "Look  handsome,  watch  the  bird." 
Click  went  the  machine  and  I  was  shot  for 
life,  not  from  a  gun,  but  from  a  camera.    He 


ANOTHER  FISHING  EXPERIENCE 


took  two  more  views.  He  said:  "Name  and  ad- 
dress, please."  I  replied:  "M.  F.  Williams, 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  U.  S.  A."  He  then  remarked: 
'•Madam,  your  turn  next."  She  flatly  refused, 
and  I  have  always  thought  that  she  was  wait- 
ing to  have  her  photograph  taken  with  a  hand- 
somer man.  The  gentleman  finally  did  re- 
mark: '"How  many,  please?"  I  replied:  "One 
dozen."  I  said:  "Good-day,  brother!"  He 
replied:  "The  same  to  you,"  and  there  was 
not  another  word  exchanged  between  us.  He 
did  not  ask  for  reference,  money  or  even  an 
apology.    He  seemed  to  have  confidence  in  the 


of   17.     Daughter   married   Edgar   M.    Carson, 
June  17,  1911. 

KING  FISHING 

Cut  No.  164  depicts  my  greatest  fishing  event 
at  Miami,  Florida,  in  February,  1904.  A  party 
of  men  at  our  hotel  emplo.yed  the  services  of 
a  captain  owning  a  fishing  smack  operated  by 
a  gasoline  engine.  The  pai-ty  of  us  paid  him 
$15.00  for  the  day.  We  ran  out  into  the  bay 
about  ten  o'clock  to  where  the  king  fish  were 
plentiful.     King  fish   ai-e  not   considered   good 


Cut    No.    164— King    fishing    in    Florida 


face  of  the  subject.  I  have  had  occasion  to 
use  the  photograph  in  a  great  many  periodi- 
cals, and  I  have  always  considered  it,  so  has 
my  better  half,  the  best  photograph  I  have 
ever  had  taken.  I  was  then  in  my  57th  year, 
in   the   best   of  health,   strength   and   vigor. 

MRS.   M.  F.   WILLIAMS   AND   DAUGHTER 

Cut  No.  163.  Mother  and  girl.  This  photo- 
graph was  taken  in  1903  at  5153  Vernon  ave- 
nue: Mrs.  M.  F.  Williams  at  the  age  of  47,  and 
Florence   Williams,   our   daughter,   at   the   age 


for  eating,  but  are  only  worked  up  into  fer- 
tilizer. We  caught  that  day  180  odd  fish.  I 
caught  the  largest  king  fish  which  was  caught 
that  day.  Of  course  it  would  be  a  poor  fish 
story  unless  I  did.  The  man  standing  holding 
the  fish  by  its  tail  shows  the  largest  fish  caught, 
but  who  that  man  was  I  cannot  now  recall.  I 
will  be  seen  leaning  against  the  mast  and  wear- 
ing a  Panama  hat, — the  only  Panama  which 
was  worn  that  day.  The  captain  at  my  back 
wore  a  cap.  Several  times  during  our  fishing 
(which  was  not  done  by  bait,  only  a  mechani- 
cal   hook    which    represented    in    the    water   a 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


minnow),  the  king  fish  would  swallow  the  min- 
now with  the  hook.  It  then  was  all  day  with 
them.  The  boat  would  slack  her  speed.  We 
would  draw  them  in,  hand  over  hand,  with  a 
strong  line,  and  throw  them  into  a  box,  one 
upon  each  side  of  the  boat.  The  man  wearing 
a  fedora  hat  I  remember  was  from  Kansas 
City,  down  in  Florida  for  his  health.  Next  to 
him  Avas  another  man  wearing  a  fedora  hat, 
who  lived  at  Union  City,  Tenn.  As  we  were 
about  winding  up  our  fishing,  some  sharks  ap- 
peared, and  the  captain  remarked:  "Boys,  if 
you  are  through,  I  will  get  that  shark."  He 
cut  one  of  the  king  fish  in  halves,  baited  his 
hook,  which  was  about  one-half  inch  in  diam- 
eter, and  the  line  fully  a  half-inch  line,  let  the 
line  and  bait  trail  behind  the  boat,  and  it  was 
not  long  before  we  had  Mr.  Shark.  Three  men 
hauled  the  shark  to  the  boat,  rigged  up  a  block 
and  fall  which  they  had  ready  upon  the  boom, 
brought  tlie  shark  aboard  and  when  he  was 
weighed  he  weighed  800  pomids.  Now,  this 
fish  story,  and  the  one  that  I  told  which  oc- 
curred with  my  sister  Mary  and  myself,  fishing 
in  a  boat,  represents  a  lapse  of  50  years  be- 
tAveen  my  first  fishing  on  the  Ohio  and  pos- 
silily  my  last  fishing  in  Florida  Bay,  just  below 
Miami.  While  many  men  tell  fish  stories,  this 
is  one  which  can  be  relied  upon.  I  have  been 
fishing  for  customers  in  a  business  way  all  my 
life,  but  verj'  little  for  the  finny  type. 

PALMETTO  ROOT  SHREDDING 

In  April,  1904,  at  the  time  the  Mississippi 
Valley  Trust  Company  and  some  other  trust 
companies  had  a  run  made  upon  same  when 
there  was  a  partial  panic  in  St.  Louis,  people 
went  wild  almost,  and  at  the  Mississippi  Val- 
ley Trust  Company's  plant  one  row  of  people 
were  drawing  out  money  while  another  row  of 
people  were  making  deposits.  At  noontime  I 
went  down  to  get  my  lunch  at  Hotel  DeWick- 
ey,  and  before  I  reached  the  restaurant  I  met 
John  Soy  upon  the  sidewalk.  John  asked  me 
if  I  knew  of  the  panic  in  the  banking  district; 
I  said  I  did  not.  He  replied  that  every  bank 
and  trust  company  in  the  city  was  having  a 
run,  and  tliat  the  people  were  drawing  their 
money  all  out  and  that  there  would  be  a  finan- 


cial collapse.  I  went  on  down  past  the  restau- 
rant, went  into  Rubelman's  and  inquired  of 
George  whether  he  kneAv  there  was  a  run  on 
the  banks  and  trust  companies.  He  said  he  did, 
and  to  make  matters  worse  he  said  that  Lucas 
was  downtown  trying  to  get  their  money.  I 
inquired  of  him  how  much  they  had;  he  said 
$13,000.00.  I  replied  that  we  had  twice  that 
and  more  in  the  Mississippi  Valley.  I  imme- 
diately telephoned  up  to  Arthur,  who  was  then 
our  accountant,  and  told  him  what  I  had 
learned.  His  only  remark  was:  "Oh,  Lord! 
I  will  go  down  and  try  and  get  our  money 
out. ' ' 

He  did  so,  and  he  will  remember  how  it  hap- 
pened. Ai'thnr  managed  to  throw  his  hat  over 
inside  the  line  of  men  who  were  withdraAving 
their  money,  next  to  the  banker's  enclosure: 
he  next  got  down  upon  his  hands  and  knees, 
so  he  told  mc  afterwards,  crawled  betAveen  and 
crowded  between  the  legs  of  the  men;  one 
man  kicked  at  him,  cursed  him  and  wanted  to 
know  Avhat  he  was  after.  He  said  he  had  lost 
his  hat.  Trying  to  get  it,  he  Avent  up  to  the 
teller's  AvindoM%  who  kncAv  him,  and  said: 
"Williams,  you  don't  Avant  your  mone.y. "  Ar- 
thur reijlied:  "Yes,  I  came  after  it,  my  father 
sent  me."  He  opened  the  door  and  let  Arthur 
inside,  gave  him  the  money  all  in  $20.00  gold 
pieces,  and  Arthur  couldn't  lift  it  in  a  great 
big  metal  pan.  They  told  him  to  go  into  the 
next  door,  rent  a  safe  deposit  A'^ault,  Avhich 
Arthur  did ;  they  helped  him  put  the  money 
in  the  vault, — that  is,  someone  in  the  Safe  De- 
posit Department.  After  I  had  eaten  my  din- 
ner and  come  back  to  the  office,  I  said  to  my- 
self: "Oh,  what  a  fool  I  have  been.  Why. 
there  is  no  cause  for  alarm.  The  Mississippi 
Valley  Trust  Company  is  as  solid  as  a  rock." 
I  then  hurried  Keister  down  to  the  Missis- 
sippi Valley  Trust  Company's  building  to  find 
Arthur  and  tell  him  that  I  had  later  informa- 
tion from  the  front,  to  leave  the  money  there, 
but  it  was  too  late.  Keister  lost  Arthur's  trail. 
The  scent  had  disappeared  into  $20.00  gold 
pieces.  We  kept  the  money  in  the  deposit  vault 
thi'ee  or  four  days,  then  put  it  back  under  time 
deposit,  and  lost  $200.00  in  interest.  Shortly 
after  this  time  I  Avent  to  Florida. 


ST.  AUGUSTINE,  FLOKIDA 


GOING  TO  FLORIDA 

Shortly  after  this  time  1  weut  to  Florida, 
first  stopping  in  Atlanta  to  see  Keister,  who 
was  trying  to  sell  machines  or  grinders ;  re- 
mained Avith  him  two  or  three  days,  then  went 
to  Jacksonville.  Nothing  in  Jacksonville  oc- 
curred worthy  of  interest,  except  that  I  met 
in  a  dry  goods  store  some  people  related  to 
others  whom  I  had  known  in  St.  Louis.  After 
stopping  in  Jacksonville  about  three  days  I 
went  to  a  town  I  cannot  now  recall  the  name 
of,  where  they  were  operating  a  palmetto  tan- 
nery. The  palmetto  roots  were  piled  up  like 
cordwood  around  a  mill  or  factory  as  in  the 
olden  days  when  wood  was  the  principal  fuel. 
The  roots  were  being  cut, — not  shredded,  but 
cut, — upon  a  disc  wheel  having  knives  in  the 
same.  These  knives  projected  through  a  throat 
or  hole  through  the  disc  wheel,  which  oper- 
ated upon  a  shaft  with  two  journals,  and  had 
from  four  to  six  knives  of  solid  steel,  6  or  S 
inches  broad  by,  say,  1  foot  in  length,  and 
were  bolted  upon  a  throat-piece  through  the 
disc  Mheel  upon  the  opposite  side  from  the 
cutting  face,  at  45  degrees,  like  a  planer  knife. 

They  cut  up  the  palmetto  into  chunks,  and 
after  being  cut  up  it  resembled  somewhat  a 
shredded  condition;  but  the  product  was  very 
irregular  in  shape  and  form,  and  was  then  ele- 
vated and  conveyed  up  into  the  leaches,  just 
the  same  as  chips  from  a  tannic  acid  plant 
or  bark  from  any  tannery,  except  that  they  were 
after  the  extract  to  ship  to  other  tanneries, 
— this  being  an  extract  plant  in  every 
sense,  and  not  a  tannery.  Thi.;  was  the 
fir.st  reduction  I  had  seen  of  palmetto 
root.  The  roots  grow  upon  the  gTound, 
upon  the  sui-face,  and  not  under  the  sui-faee 
like  the  root  of  a  tree;  they  are  very  much 
crooked,  and  have  a  kind  of  a  fungus  growth, 
and  when  they  branch  out  upon  the  surface 
of  the  earth,  manj^  shoots  grow  up  from  them 
which  sometimes  get  to  be  as  large  as  the  main 
tree. 

The  earth  where  they  grow  is  fertilized  by 
nature  from  rotten  leaves,  mostly,  and  decayed 
vegetation,  and  the  under  formation  is  prin- 
cipally coral  limestone,  which  is  a  porous 
growth  of  coral-like  production,  formed  from 


the  shells  of  fish  which  inhabited  at  one  time 
all  the  peninsula  of  Florida.  After  remain- 
ing one  day  at  this  tannerj^  my  next  objective 
point  was: 

PORT  ORANGE,  FLORIDA 

Port  Orange,  Florida,  is  situated  upon  the 
east  bay  of  the  ocean,  that  extends  from  Miami 
up  to  Jacksonville,  and  is  navigable  for  New 
York  steamers,  which  go  from  New  York  to 
Jacksonville,  and  all  along  the  coast  of  Flor- 
ida. At  Port  Orange  my  objective  point,  April, 
1904,  \\-as  the  Acme  Palmetto  Extract  Works, 
opei'ated  by  Robert  L.  Luffberry,  of  France. 
They  had  our  regular  No.  1  or  No.  2  bark 
shredder,  and  the  roots  were  fed  iii  at  45  de- 
grees and  cut  up  as  fast  as  they  could  be  fed. 
But  I  don't  believe  Luffberry  was  a  success,  as 
he  had  never  been  connected  with  that  kind  of 
manufacturing,  and  a  fcAV  years  after  the  in- 
stallation of  the  shredder  we  bought  it  back 
at  a  much  less  price  than  we  sold  it.  After 
sojourning  at  Port  Orange  for  perhaps  a  week 
or  longer,  I  then  went  to  St.  Augustine,  re- 
mained o^-er  night,  and  from  there  to  Palm 
Reach. 

ST.  AUGUSTINE 

While  at  St.  Augustine  I  viewed  the  old  fort, 
which  was  made  of  the  eoquina  rock,  a  soft 
whitish  coral-like  stone  formed  from  broken 
shells  and  coi'al  sub.stance.  At  this  ancient 
town  Ponce  de  Leon  first  landed  from  his  sail- 
ing ship,  believing  that  he  would  find  the 
Fountain  of  Youth  in  a  pure  spring  of  water, 
which  he  did  not.  He  then  started  to  build 
the  town  of  St.  Augustine,  which  was  walled 
in  like  ancient  towns  in  Europe,  and  across 
the  bay  was  an  island  upon  which  they  found 
the  cofjuina  rock.  They  now  have  a  bridge  ex- 
tending over  to  the  island  and  a  narrow  gauge 
railroad  which  hauls  the  eoquina  product,  and 
it  is  taken  for  building  concrete  work,  besides 
the  old  fort  which  was  built  of  it. 

On  Sunday  at  St.  Augustine,  there  were 
hundreds  of  sightseers, — some  on  their  way 
down  to  Florida  coast  to  Flagler's  hotels,  and 
others  on  their  way  back  up  North.  While 
here  I  saw  a  sanitarium  built  by  Flagler  for 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


his  first  wife,  who  in  the  course  of  time  went 
crazy  and  Flagler  placed  her  in  this  sanitarium, 
which  must  have  cost  him  at  least  $30,000.00 
to  build,  and  while  there  she  was  provided  with 
sufficient  attendants  so  that  she  wanted  for 
nothing,  though  she  knew  not  where  she  was. 
Adjoining  this  sanitarium  was    a    Congrega- 


St.  Augustine  was  founded  in  1565.  The  streets 
are  very  narrow;  a  good  sprinter  could  jump 
across  almost  any  of  the  streets. 

The  hotel  in  which  I  stopped  was  an  ordi- 
nary frame  building,  but  the  main  hotel  was 
one  of  Flagler 's,  for  tourists,  where  they  prob- 


No.   165— Alr,^.   III.   F.   Williams    (taken   in    1906) 


tional  Church  built  of  the  coquina  rock,  and 
dedicated  by  Flagler,  and  between  the  church 
and  the  sanitarium  was  a  most  beautiful  gar- 
den, also  kept  up  by  Flagler.  At  St.  Augustine 
there  was  also  an  old  Spanish  church  where 
the  Spanish  natives  still  worshipped,  and  was 
said  to  be  liSO  years  old,  and  history  states  that 


ably  pay  $10.00  per  day  at  this  time.  I  judge 
that  would  be  the  cheapest ;  from  that  on  up  to 
$50.00. 

PALM  BEACH 

After  getting  the  historical  facts  of  St.  Au- 
gustine, I  next  went  to  Palm  Beach,  another 


PALM   BEACH,  FLORIDA 


Flagler  town,  built  upon  a  little  island ;  and 
upon  said  island  are  located  two  immense  ho- 
tels,— one  upon  the  south  side  of  the  island, 
and  a  new  and  later  one  near  the  beach.  Each, 
I  should  judge,  would  hold  1,000  people ;  and 
upon  the  north  side  of  the  island  and  near  the 
new  or  later  hotel  was  a  bathing  beach.  The 
town  of  Palm  Beach  (not  much  of  a  town)  was 
over  on  the  mainland.  A  few  people  lived 
there  all  the  year  around.  Upon  the  island  I 
saw  a  pi^pper  tree,  the  coffee  tree,  and  some 
other  curiosities  or  tropical  trees  and  plants, 
and  at  Palm  Beach  the  year  around  grow  most 


ored  men  haul  the  people  around  in  an  auto- 
mobile basket  in  connection  with  a  motorcycle. 

AN  INCIDENT 

Upon  leaving  Palm  Beach  in  the  evening,  I 
got  my  supper  at  a  restaurant,  and  after  leav- 
ing the  restaurant  of  the  hotel  I  walked  out 
to  the  station,  about  a  half  mile  away,  as  I  had 
to  Avait  about  two  hours  for  my  train  going 
south;  and  while  sitting  there  meditating,  a 
gentleman  in  dark  clothes  came  into  the  sta- 
tion, looked  all  around,  walked  up  to  me  and 


ii1 

No.    166— Ten    Williamscs 


beautifid  tlowers  and  vines.  Houses  are  cov- 
ered with  vines,  with  tiowers  of  dift'erent  col- 
ors, and  their  fragrance  was  delightful.  It  is 
here  that  Flagler  has  another  home  built  of 
the  coquina  rock,  surrounded  by  an  iron  fence 
— an  artistic  fence,  at  least  20  feet  in  height ; 
at  certain  seasons  of  the  year  he  lived  there. 

It  was  at  Palm  Beach  where  I  saw  the  first 
one-horse  lawn  mower.  However,  we  have 
them  in  Forest  Park,  St.  Louis.  I  have  seen 
them  in  California,  upon  the  Hawaiian  Islands 
and  several  other  places.    At  Palm  Beach  col- 


said:  "My  friend,  excuse  me,  have  you  got  on 
your  own  hat?"  I  said:  "I  think  I  have." 
However,  I  took  off  the  hat,  examined  it,  and 
found  another  man's  name  in  the  hat.  I  then 
remarked:  "Why,  no,  this  isn't  my  hat,  but  I 
thought  it  was."  He  then  handed  me  the  hat 
which  he  was  wearing  and  remarked :  "  Is  this 
your  hat?"  I  replied,  "It  certainly  is."  We 
shook  hands  and  laughed  over  it,  and  got  to 
talking  about  the  characteristics  of  Flagler. 
He  was  an  employee  of  Flagler,  one  of  his 
foremen.  I  think  he  had  charge  of  outside 
work  in  clearing  the  land  of  shrubs  and  small 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


trees,  as  there  were  no  large  ti'ess.  I  don't  sup- 
pose any  of  them  -would  girth  over  6  inches, 
and  the  only  way  to  clear  the  land  was  to  grub 
up  the  stumps,  which  they  did.  Flagler  made 
some  beautiful  places. 

DETONIA 

Returning  to  Port  Orange.  While  at  Port 
Orange  the  automobile  races  were  on  at  Deto- 
nia.  Detonia  is  not  much  of  a  town — just  a 
counti'Y  railroad  town,  with  a  verv  nice  hotel; 


MIAMI 

P'rom  Palm  Beach  my  next  objective  point 
was  Miami.  At  Miami  I  stopped  at  the  Amer- 
ican Hotel.  At  this  point  Flagler  has  a  very 
large  and  fashionable  hotel,  but  I  stopped 
where  they  charge  $1.00  a  day  and  roomed  at 
a  private  house  across  the  street.  While  at 
this  hotel  I  met  two  gentlemen  from  Union 
City,  Tenn.  I  also  met  Dr.  Groves,  who  man- 
ages the  Paris  Medicine  Co.,  making  the  cele- 


Cut   No.   167— Our   first   automobile 


but  Detonia  Beach  is  noted  almost  the  world 
over  for  automobile  racing.  The  beach  in 
length  is  several  miles,  as  level  as  the  top  of  a 
table,  and  almost  as  smooth, — but  receding  to 
the  bay;  pure  yellow  sand,  nothing  but  sand, 
and  it  makes  an  ideal  race  track.  It  was  here 
that  I  saw  the  fastest  racing  of  autos  which  I 
have  ever  seen,  and  practically  all  the  racing 
which  I  have  seen.  Some  of  them  went  at 
times  over  75  miles  an  hour — in  fact,  I  expect 
a  hundred  miles  an  hour. 


brated  Bromo  Quinine,  which  he  advertises  to 
cure  a  cold  in  one  night.  Dr.  Groves'  plant  is 
upon  Chestnut  street,  near  Beaumont.  Dr. 
Groves  belongs  to  the  Presbyterian  Church  at 
Kingshighway  and  Cabanne  avenue,  St.  Louis. 
I  have  been  told  that  Dr.  Groves  gave  to  the 
church  every  Sunday  $17.50,  or  did  so  sev- 
eral years  ago.  He  may  have  increased  his 
subscription  or  his  pledge  during  these  war 
tim.es,  possibly  double  that  amount.  I  remem- 
ber his  remark  while  at  the  hotel.     He  said: 


HAVANA.   CUBA 


"Gentlemen,  I  would  enjoy  myself  here  better 
than  at  the  Royal  Ponceano. "  He  further 
stated:  "I  am  paying  for  myself  and  wife  $7.00 
each  per  daj^,  and  we  are  not  allowed  to  go  to 
the  table  except  in  full  dress  and  I  do  uot  en- 
joy it." 

While  at  Miami  I  met  Mr.  Lawrence  of  the 
Boomer  and  Bosehert  Press  Co.,  of  New  York 


normal  again.  We  went  up  into  the  city  and 
stopped  at  the  Phacaha  Hotel,  on  the  main 
street,  fronting  the  Plaza.  1  remained  in  Cuba 
five  daj^s  and  then  returned  to  Miami  via  Key 
West,  which  is  on  the  west  coast  of  Florida. 
The  two  railroad  lines  which  have  made  Flor- 
ida accessible  were  built  by  two  enterprising 
men.     The   one   upon   the   west   coast,   by   Mr. 


City,  having  a  factory  in  New  Jersey.  We 
took  a  steamer  together  for  Cuba,  and  on  the 
way  over,  which  takes  from  24  to  28  hours' 
time,  I  got  seasick, — sicker  than  1  had  ever 
been  before  in  my  whole  life. 

HAVANA 

When  we  landed   in  Havana  I  had  become 


Plant ;  upon  the  east  coast,  by  Flagler.  Flag- 
ler, in  his  early  days,  was  associated  with,  and 
got  his  start  from,  John  D.  Rockefeller,  at  or 
near  Cleveland.  Flagler  has  since  achieved  a 
most  wonderful  engineering  feat, — that  of 
building  a  railroad  across  the  Florida  Keys, 
at  the  expense  of  many  millions,  and  instead  of 
Miami   being  the  most   southern   railroad   sta- 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


tioii  in  America,  the  road  is  now  extended  to 
Key  West,  and  one  can  go  from  St.  Louis  to 
Key  West  direct  by  rail. 

Returning  from  Havana  to  Key  West,  I  had 
an  opportunity  of  seeing  Flagler  and  his  new 
wife  upon  the  hurricane  deck  of  the  steamer, 
as  they  came  over  to  Miami  on  the  same  steam- 
er on  Sunday.  T  examined  them  carefully,  and 
I  discovered  that  they  had  but  two  feet  each, 
two  hands  each,  two  eyes  each,  two  ears  each, 
and  one  nose  each,  and  that  they  were  only 
human  and  made  out  of  the  same  kind  of  mud 
that  the  rest  of  us  are. 


around  through  North  and  South  Carolina  and 
through  Asheville. 

A  FAMILY  ROW 
Seth  Oliver  Williams,  my  brother,  and  his 
son  Earl  are  shown  in  cut  No.  166,  where  ten 
Williamses  are  standing, — the  first  being  Rob- 
ert Earl  Williams;  the  second,  his  mother,  Ida 
Williams ;  the  third,  Seth  Oliver  Williams ;  the 
fourth,  Ruthanna  Williams,  my  sister;  the 
fifth,  Milton  F.  Williams,  the  cause  of  it  all; 
the  sixth,  our  daughter  Florence  Williams  Car- 
son ;    the   seventh,    Mrs.    Clare    Murdock ;    the 


-M.  F.  Williams  and  his  giandson  Edgar  Mason  Carson 


RETURNING  TO  MIAMI 

I  immediately  repaired  to  the  Florida  Ex- 
tract Company's  plant  at  Miami  to  examine  a 
palmetto  root  shredding  machine,  which  plant 
was  operated  by  a  superintendent  by  the  name 
of  Willihan,  who  is  now  in  California  operat- 
ing a  tannery.  How  successful  the  Florida 
Extract  Co.  Avas,  I  do  not  pretend  to  state; 
but  I  think  they,  like  the  other  plants  in 
Florida,  all  abandoned  making  tannic  acid 
from  palmetto  root.  On  returning  to  St.  Louis 
from  Florida,  I  returned  by  a  different  route. 


eighth,  Mrs  M.  F.  Williams;  the  ninth,  our 
eldest  sister  Jane  E.  Williams,  and  the  tenth, 
last  but  not  least.  Miss  Ethel  Murdock,  daugh- 
ter of  Ruthanna  Williams  Murdock. 

Cut  No.  167,  in  the  evolution  of  M.  F.  Wil- 
liams and  his  struggle  in  life  from  adversity 
to  a  fair  competency,  represents  M.  F.  Wil- 
liams, his  wife  and  daughter,  and  his  son-in- 
law,  Edgar  M.  Carson,  taken  in  our  Cadillac 
automobile  in  Forest  Park,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  in 
1S114,  in  the  month  of  July  or  August,  upon  a 
very  hot  day,  in  the  shade  of  an  oak  tree.     At 


UY   FIRESIDE    CIRCLE 


this  time  we  had  not  owned  an  auto  perhaps 
more  than  a  year.  One  afternoon  while  we 
were  out  riding  we  met  a  photographer  on  the 
wav  who  insisted  upon  taking  onr  picture. 


ton  Franklin  Williams  the  second  was  baptized 
by  Reverend  Dean  Davis,  at  Christ  Church  Ca- 
thedral, where  his  father  was  married  seven 
years  previously  in  1908. 


170— The  author,   M. 


THREE  GENERATIONS 

Cut  No.  168  shows  M.  F.  Williams,  his  son 
Oliver  J.  Williams,  and  Oliver's  son,  Milton 
Franklin  Williams  the  second,  taken  in  1915, 
on  or  about  Christmas,  upon  the  day  that  Mil- 


GRANDFATHER  AND  GRANDSON 

Cut  No.  169,  taken  upon  one  August  day, 
1915,  when  the  weather  was  very  hot.  The 
photographer  started  to  take  the  picture  un- 
der a  cloud,  and  the  sun  came  out  very  bright- 


THE     WILLIAMS     HISTORY 


ly,  which  caused  the  grandfather  to  almost  close 
his  eyes.  This  picture  was  taken  on  the  back 
porch  of  our  home  at  5153  Vernon  avenv^e,  St. 
Louis,  when  Edgar  Mason  Carson  was  IS 
months  old. 

MY  FIRESIUE  CIRCLE 

Milton  F.  "Williams,  the  author,  bom  Oct.  13, 
1846. 


Oliver  Julian    Williams,   at    the    top.    born 
March  4,  1884. 

Florence  Williams,  at  the  right,  born  April 
9, 1886. 

OUR  PRESENT  RESIDENCE 

Cut  No.  171  represents  our  present  home  at 
5153  Vernon  Ave.,  St.  Louis,  where  we  moved 


Cut  No.   171 — Our  home  at  5153  Vernon  Avenue,  St.  Louis 


Emma    Stevens    Williams,     my     wife,    born 
March  12,  1856. 

Milton   Judson   Williams,    at    the   left,   born 
January  19,  1877. 

Arthur  Franklin  Williams,  at  the  right,  born 
Dec.  20,  1879. 


in  November,  1903  (the  year  in  which  we  were 
to  have  had  the  World's  Fair,  which  was  de- 
ferred a  year  later,  1904),  situated  upon  a  lot 
of  50  feet  front  by  128  feet  in  depth,  with  a 
garage  in  the  rear,  in  Avhieh  we  keep  two  ma- 
chines, one  of  which  is  a  seven-passenger  Pack- 
ard, and  the  other  a  three-seated  Hudson.   T'his 


OUR   HALL    CLOCK 


Cut   No.   172— 


Villiams'    liall    ciock 


house  at  present,  in  Februar.y,  1918,  is  occupied 
by  Mrs.  M.  F.  Williams,  her  son  Arthur  and 
her  husband.  This  house  is  located  in  a  neigh- 
borhood where  the  surroundings  for  several 
blocks  are  about  the  same  style  of  houses.  We 
paid  for  this  property  $10,600.00,  and  have 
added  many  improvements. 

It  is  my  custom  to  gather  my  family  around 
my  festal  board  on  each  anniversary  of  my 
birthday.  The  following  clipping  from  a  St. 
Louis  newspaper  indicates  my  lack  of  super- 
stition: 

"Man  on  Birthday  Defies  '13  Hoodoo' 

"M.  F.  Williams,  president  of  the  Williams 
Patent  Crusher  and  Pulverizer  Company,  cel- 
ebrated his  70th  birthday  on  Friday,  the  13th, 
1916,  by  giving  a  diimer  party  to  his  thirteen 
children  and  grandchildren  at  his  home,  5153 
Vernon  avenue.  In  order  to  complete  the  num- 
ber of  guests  a  son  and  daughter  came  from 
San  Francisco  and  a  son  from  Chicago  to  at- 
tend the  dinner.  Several  floral  gifts  incor- 
porating the  figure  13  were  presented  to  the 
host." 

GRANDFATHER'S  CLOCK 

In  regard  to  our  hall  clock,  there  is  no  his- 
torical fact  connected  with  it,  except  that  in 
1914  I  purchased  it  from  the  Grand  Rapids 
Clock  and  Mantel  Co.  They  had  an  exhibit 
in  Chicago  of  some  25  different  shapes  of  clock 
cases. 

In  corresponding  with  the  clock  maker  and 
seller  in  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  I  wrote  him  to 
compose  a  piece  of  poetry  suitable  to  his  splen- 
did clock,  and  the  following  was  his  reply : 

"Your  check  received, 
"Twas  (luite  a  shock. 
You  miist  have  sent  it  by  the  clock. 
Some  folks  take  a  lot  more  time. 
They  likely  fail  to  hear  the  chime. 
Each  clock  is  set 
The  chime  to  hit. 
Which  plainly  says, 
Oh,  please  remit!" 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


REGARDING  RICHARD  WHITTINGTON 

He  descended  from  a  Gloucester  family  in 
England  and  was  born  about  1360.  His  father 
died  when  he  was  but  a  lad,  and  Richard,  who 


heard  the  chime  of  bells,  called  "Bow  Bells," 
and  that  thej^  seemed  to  him  to  say,  "Turn 
again,  Turn  again,  Whittington,— thrice  Mayor 
of  London."  He  turned  back,  and  it  is  true 
that  he  was  afterwards  three  times  Mayor  of 


had  no  fortune,  set  out  for  London  to  endea\or 
to  make  one  hy  means  of  trade.  It  is  proba- 
ble, although  not  well  authenticated,  that  the 
stories  regarding  his  leaving  London  and  re- 
turn, were  true.  It  is  said  that  being  much 
discouraged,  he  was  leaving  London  when  he 


London,  being  elected  in  the  years  1398,  1406 
and  1419.  He  was  also  elected  member  of  Par- 
liament for  the  city  in  1416.    He  died  in  1423. 

OUR  FRONT  HALL 
Cut   No.   173   shows   a   section   of   our  front 


RICHARD    WHITTINGTON 


hall,  the  mirror  in  said  hall  showing  quite  a 
reflection,  first  of  our  grandfather's  clock,  an 
eight-day  clock,  highly  ornamented,  having  two 
sets  of  chimes,  called  Whittington  chimes,  aft- 
er Richard  Whittington,  who  became  thrice 
mayor  of  the  city  of  London.     He  was  a  poor 


ard,  thou  shall  be  Mayor  of  London," — and  it 
came  to  pass. 

The  Whittington  chimes  four  times  every  15 
minutes,  and  the  Westminster,  eight  times  ev- 
ery 15  minutes.     However,  the  setting  can  be 


country  lad,  who  went  to  the  city  of  London 
in  the  early  days,  to  earn  bread  and  butter  for 
the  family  and  his  widowed  mother,  and  the 
old  legend  is  that  he  heard  the  chimes  in  the 
steeple  of  a  certain  London  church,  and  in 
later  years  he  claimed  that  they  sounded  as 
though  they  said,  "Once,  twice,  thrice.  Rich- 


made  to  suit  anyone's  fancy.  This  clock  is  a 
most  beautiful  one,  and  will  only  be  a  grand- 
father's clock  when  I  have  handed  the  same 
down  to  posterity. 

The  ornament  on  the  top  of  the  mirror  I  had 
made  by  a  man  whom  I  \\'orked  with  at    my 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


trade  in  the  early  days  before  I  was  married. 
The  lion's  head  which  it  intended  to  show  is 
characteristic  of  the  Williams  coat  of  arms, 
while  the  Arm  and  Hammer  represent  our  com- 
pany 's  trade-mark. 

The  ornamented  beam  was  made  by  the  same 


The  Persian  rngs  ai'e  only  partially  shown. 
In  the  back  hall  a  hatrack  of  high  ornamenta- 
tion is  only  shown  by  a  side  view.  The  same 
clock  is  shoM'n  in  cut  No.  172. 

The  front  stairway  is  duplicated  beyond  the 
partition    by    a    back    stairway.      These     half 


g  room 


person,  simply  as  an  ornament,  representing  in 
the  center  a  pineapple,  and  is  a  most  elegant 
piece  of  work.  It  conforms  to  other  orna- 
ments of  carved  wood  in  the  hall,  and  the  em- 
bellishments in  the  way  of  vases  are  indicative 
of  the  author's  taste  in  art. 


tones  are  to  show  the  fruits  of  the  labor  of  one 
who  had  faith  to  keep  everlastingly  at  it.  The 
wellhole  above  the  stairway  is  some  16  to  18 
feet  to  the  ceiling,  where  we  have  hung  Texas 
steers'  horns,  and  also  a  head  of  a  Colorado 
moose  having  sixteen  prongs  or  antlers. 


OUR    PARLOR    AND    DINING    ROOM 


OUR  PARLOR 

Cut  No.  174  shows  the  front  parlor  of  our 
residence,  5153  Vernon  Ave.  The  photogra- 
pher had  his  instrument  in  the  same  room, 
pointing'  eastward.     The  picture  on  the  wall  of 


The  first  photograph  on  the  mantle  shows 
that  of  M.  J.  Williams'  daughter,  Miss  Mabel 
Williams,  in  her  18th  year,  while  the  photo- 
graph on  the  mantle  to  the  right  is  that  of  Mrs. 
A.  F.  Williams  in  her  20th  year.  The  photo- 
graph on  the  wall  to  the  right  of  the  mantle 


a  very  small  boy.   is  our  son  A 
when  he  was  5  or  6  years  of  age. 


F.  Williams     is   one   of   A.   F.   Williams,   taken 
year. 


The  one  to  the  right  is  an  oil  painting, 
taken  over  at  Catalina  Island,  in  California, 
also  looking  westward,  showing  the  moon  upon 
the  water. 


The  oil  painting  on  the  wall  to  the  right  only 
partly  showing,  represents  George  Washing- 
ton, down  upon  his  knees,  with  his  head  in  his 
mother's  lap,  praying  as  she  requested  him  to 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


do,  when  he  went  to  her  for  advice  at  the  time 
he  was  about  to  be  nominated  for  President. 
He  sought  his  mother's  advice,  and  she  en- 
treated him  to  pray  to  the  good  Lord,  then  he 
would  receive  real  advice,  instead  of  that  of 
his  mother;  so  in  taking  his  mother's  advice, 
he  did  not  possibly  make  a  mistake. 


and  the  center  one  behind  the  chandelier  is  a 
small  bust  of  Milton. 

LOOKING  FROM  OUR  PARLOR  INTO  OUR 
DINING  ROOM 

Cut  No.  ]  75  shows  a  section  of  the  west  wall 
of  the   parlor   and   dining   room,   showing   the 


Cut  No.   177^0i; 


The  vase  to  the  left  stands  upon  a  music 
cabinet  that  is  holding  the  rolls  of  music  for 
our  plaj-er  piano. 

The  marble  statuette  is  simply  to  represent 
our  taste  for  art;  other  small  vases  on  the  up- 
per shelf  of  the  mantle  are  to  show  the  same, 


player  piano  and  the  cabinet  for  the  records. 

The  pastel  picture  upon  the  wall  above  the 
piano  shows  the  author  of  this  book,  from  a 
portrait  of  him  taken  in  Washington,  D.  C, 
in  1903.  The  ornaments  on  said  piano  have  no 
special  history  that  I  am  aware  of.     The  pic- 


OUR  DINING  ROOM 


ture  of  the  young  babe  represents  M.  J.  Wil- 
liams, our  eldest  son. 

OUR  DINING  ROOM 

Cut  No.  176  shows  the  west   section  of  our 
dining  room.    The  candelabrum  upon  the  shelf 


ico  upon  my  first  and  only  trip  to  Mexico  City 
in  1906,  while  investigating  the  grinding  of 
the  guayule  shrub,  from  which  mechanical 
rubber  is  extracted. 

The  picture  in  the  frame  above  shows  two 
ruffed   grouse,   which   I   pi-ocured   in   Colorado 


Cut  No.   178 — East  end  of  dining 


is  lighted  by  electricity,  and  shows  very  nicely 
when  the  light  is  on.  The  chair  to  the  left  is 
father's  chair  at  the  table. 

The  diminutive  on  the  Mall  to  the  left  of  the 
buffet  show.s  three  fighting  cocks,  made  of 
feathei-s  only,  which  I  purchased  in  Old  Mex- 


many  years  ago,  on  my  trip  to  the  mountains, 
about  1907,  from  a  taxidermist ;  they  are  the 
same  ^ot,  or  of  the  same  character,  as  quite  a 
number  he  displayed  at  the  Woi'ld's  Fair  in 
1904. 

The  case  with  one  bird  showing  to  the  right 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


of  the  buffet  is  a  pheasant  from  the  Rocky  i  very  valiia)3le  piece  of  calcined  clay,  commonly 
Mountains  in  Colorado,  which  I  procured  on  I  called  burned  mud,  but  when  it  is  given  a  sci- 
the  same  trip.  |  entific  name  it  is  so  much  more  valuable.     The 


'^■^^^J                  _                       y^ 

^^ 

< 

i     ^fl 

^H        -'.^sfti^^H 

Cut   No.   179— Well   at   main   stairway 

The  vase  in  the  corner  upon  the  plate  rack  I  tea  table  to  the  right  was  a  present  this  last 
came  from  Vienna,  Austria,  and  is  said  to  be  a     Christmas  from  A.  F.  Williams  and  his  better 


OUR  LIBRARY 


half,  and  the  basket  on  top  was  a  present  from 
Mrs.  0.  J.  "Williams,  filled  with  English  wal- 
nuts from  California. 

In  the  same  dining  room  we  have  two  other 
frames  of  birds  more  beautiful,  I  think,  than 


dining  room.  I  call  particular  attention  to  the 
stuffed  prairie  chickens,  in  a  glass  case,  with  a 
landscape  background  to  same,  and  beneath 
this  you  will  see  photographs  of  M.  F.  Wil- 
liams in  the  uniform  of  a  Knight  Templar  and 
in  a  two-tail  behavior  suit  and  silk  hat. 


brary 


these  shown,  from  the  same 
orado. 


axidermist  in  Col- 


OUR  DINING  ROOM 

Cut  No.  177  shows  an  interior  view  of  our 
residence,  taken  in  the  southeast  corner  of  the 


Beneath  and  resting  upon  the  heater  is  a 
most  beautifully  decorated  bowl,  that  could 
be  used  for  a  salad  bowl,  and  projecting  from 
the  same  are  handles  of  a  large  spoon  and 
fork.  Looking  farther  south  is  seen  a  portion  of 
the  east  end  of  the  parlor,  which  has  been  par- 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


tially  described  previously, 
shown  a  Victrola. 


In  the   corner  is 


EAST  END  OF  OUR  DINING  ROOM 

Cut  No.  178  shows  the  mantel  and  contents 
upon   the   east  end   of  our  dining   room.    The 


tel,  being  finished  dark,  doesn't  show  up  as  it 
does  in  the  half-tone. 

WELL  HOLE   AT  MAIN  STAIRWAY 

Cut  No.  179  shows  the  well  at  the  main  stair- 
way.    The    ornamental    glass   in  the    window 


East  end  of  our  bedroom 


vase  at  the  left  is  an  ornamented  urn  for  flow- 
ers. The  mantel-piece  of  carved  wood  shows 
for  itself,  with  the  clock,  the  horse  and  rider 
on  top  of  the  clock,  with  other  ornaments 
around  on  the  plate-rack,  showing  birds  and 
fish,  and  even  the  dog  with  a  fish  in  his  mouth. 
Usually  this  corner  is  a  dark  corner ;  the  man- 


does  not  show  the  coloring  in  the  halftone. 
The  elk's  head  and  antlers  above,  some  six- 
teen prongs,  speak  for  themselves.  The  steel 
engravings  on  the  wall  do  not  show;  the  one 
to  the  right  displays  our  modern  inventors, 
such  as  Singer,  of  the  Singer  sewing  machine; 
McCormick,    of   the    reaper    and    mower;    also 


OUR  BEDROOMS 


219 


Erickson,  the  inventor  of  the  caloric  engine, 
and  many  other  inventors  of  50  years  ago. 
Hung   to   the    beam     above     are    some    Texas 


it  is  a  well-known  fact  that  a    cowboy  on    a 
horse  will  not  he  harmed. 

The  light  on  the  electric  fixture  at  the  ceil- 


Cut  No.   182— .Arthu 


steer's  horns,  which  in  the  wild  state  it  would  1  ing  is  to  light  this  section,  with  one  of  the  hall 
be  well  for  a  pedestrian  to  steer  clear  of ;  while     lamps  suspended  from  the  chain. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


OUR  LIBRARY 

Cut  No.  180  shows  the  cast  end  of  our  library 
room  on  the  second  lioor.  Hanging  on  the  wall 
is  tlie  picture  of  George  Washington,  and  be- 
hind the  chandelier  Abraham  Lincoln,  and  to 


The  jardinier  to  the  right  contains  a  small 
orange  tree,  a  dwarf  orange  that  was  pur- 
chased by  my  son  Arthur  for  his  mother  on  her 
birthday.  In  this  room  I  enjoy  the  evenings 
and  early  in  the  morning,  reading  the  daily 
newspapei-  and  other  periodicals. 


1^^ 


Cut   Xo.   183— Ma 


the  right.  General  Grant.  The  clock  in  the 
center  of  the  mantel  and  vases  to  the  right  and 
left,  with  two  othei'  ornaments  pui'chased  in 
El  Paso,  Texas,  on  my  trip  back  from  Cali- 
fornia in  1915. 


OUR  BEDROOM 

Cut  No.  181  shows  the  east  end  of  our  bed- 
room. The  mantel  is  in  a  bay,  and  the  orna- 
nu-nts  on  the  mantel  show  for  themselves.  The 
mirror    to    the    left    shows    father's    revolvina; 


MY    CABINET    OP    CURIOSITIES 


chair,  reflecting  it  from  the  libr£ 
room. 


ARTHUR S  ROOM 


south    It  seems  to  be  an  index  of  authors,  of    some 
printed  M'ork. 

Article  No.  8.  Chambers"  Pittsburg  Ahnanac, 
published  in  1812. 


Cut  No.  182  shows  the  west  wall  of  a  bed- 
room which  was  formerly  our  son  A.  F.  Wil- 
liams' bedroom,  but  since  he  has  taken  unto 
himself  a  Avife  they  are  living  in  an  apart- 
ment on  Pershing  avenue,  and  had  their  first 
anniversary  dinner  on  Monday  night  of  this 
week,  this  being  the  20th  of  February,  1920. 
The  ferns  next  to  the  window  show  for  them- 
selves, the  bookcase  in  the  corner  holds  his  se- 
lection of  books,  the  picture  on  the  Avail  rep- 
resents some  kind  of  a  bird  found  in  Old 
Mexico. 

MY  CABINET  OF  88  CURIOSITIES 

Article  No.  1.  The  American  Pioneer,  by  the 
Logan  Hi.storical  Society,  published  in  Cincin- 
nati, 0.,  in  1843.    R.  P.  Brooks,  printer. 

Article  No.  2.  Tho  Book  of  St.  Louisans  in 
1912,  a  biogi'aphical  directory  of  leading  living 
men  of  tlie  city  of  St.  Louis  and  vicinity. 

Article  No.  ■].  An  epistle  to  Friends,  or 
Quakers,  publisliod  in  16-58.  262  years  old. 

Article  No.  4.  Prominent  St.  Louisans,  pub- 
lished in  1916,  by  Ileni'y  Brown  &  Co. 

Article  No.  5.  M.  F.  Williams"  letter  copy- 
book, March  31st,  18.59. 

Article  No.  6.  A  testament  so  old  tliat  the 
back  is  sewed  together  by  I'awhide,  having 
written  on  the  flyleaf:  "Joseph  Williams  was 
born  on  the  10th  of  the  3rd  month,  1805. 

"Anna  Williams  was  born  18th  the  6  month 
in  1800. 

"Sallie  Williams  was  boiii"' — and  the  re- 
mainder of  the  record  is  gone.  My  supposition 
is  that  this  testament  belonged  to  my  Grand- 
father Samuel  Williams,  as  they  evidently 
started  the  family  record  in  early  days  in  this 
testament. 

Article  No.  7.  An  old  book  inscribed:  "Rob- 
ert Williams's  book,  third  month  28th,  1805." 


Article  No.  9.  A  photograph  of  M.  F.  Wil- 
liams, taken  in  the  Coliseum  in  1914. 

Article  No.  10.  History  of  our  flag,  giving 
the  origin  of  the  flag. 

Article  No.  10.  Copy  of  the  (."lay  Worker, 
published  in  Indianapolis  in  1907 ;  reference  to 
page  380. 

Article  No.  11.  A  photograph  of  a  fishing 
scene  in  Florida  in  1907. 

Article  No.  12.  An  obituary  card  of  Daniel 
R.  Witmore,  an  old  member  of  Fountain  Park 
Church,  St.  Louis. 

Article  No.  13.  An  obituary  of  Mrs.  Sophie 
D.  Slanssen,  died  June  6th,  1910. 

Article  No.  14.  Copy  of  Post-Dispatch,  April 
3i-d,  1917,  giving  full  text  of  President  Wil- 
son "s  address  urging  Congress  to  accept  war 
as  thrust  upon  us,  and  use  the  full  power  of  the 
nation  to  end  it. 

Article  No.  15.  A  very  old  book  containing 
handwriting  and  examples  in  arithmetic,  Avith 
tho  fi-ont  and  back  eaten  away  by  time.  This 
liook  is  Avithout  date  or  name,  but  is  supposed 
to  be  a  copybook  at  school. 

Article  No.  16.  Bonnie  Belmont,  by  John  S. 
Cochran.  John  Cochran  was  one  of  the  sons 
of  the  WidoAv  Cochran,  Avhose  farm  M.  F.  Wil- 
liams and  Joseph  Anderson  tended  in  1865. 

Article  No.  17.  One  verse  of  poetry  by  W.  J. 
Mannering  for  M.  F.  Williams : 

"Render    wholesome   praise   to    man 
For  all   the  good  that's  in  him, 
Censure  him,  or  better  still, 

Condemn   the  bad   within   him ; 

And  bear  in  mind  no  man's  so  bad 

But  there's  some  good  in  him. 

The  above  is  little  better  than  the  thiee 
ideas  on  which  it  is  based,  but  I  fail  to  find 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


better  or  more  concise  expression  of  them.  For 
Mr.  M.  F.  Williams.    By  W.  J.  Mannering. " 

Article  No.  18.  A  Marconi  wireless:  "M.  F. 
Williams,  Willielmina.  Greetings,  hope  voyage 
being  enjoyed.  Oliver," — which  is  a  Avireless 
from  our  soil,  0.  J.  Williams,  on  our  voyage 
either  to  or  from  Honolulu. 

Article  No.  19.  A  scrap  book  of  my  father 
Robert  Williams'  album,  1895,  containing  pho- 
tographs of  large  families  and  descriptions  of 
same. 

Article  No.  20.  Another  Bible,  presented  to 
me  five  years  ago,  while  I  was  in  Ohio,  by  Aunt 
Elizabeth,  Avife  of  my  Uncle  John  C.  Comley, 
which  Bible  belonged  to  Amos  H.  Hampton, 
22nd  of  the  4th  month,  in  1832. 

Article  No.  21.  A  collection  of  ore  or  porous 
rock  secured  at  the  crater  on  the  Island  of  Helo 
in  1918. 

Article  No.  22.  A  guest  ticket  K-206,  from 
the  Republican  National  Convention,  St.  Louis, 
June  16th,  1896. 

Article  No.  23.  A  piece  of  a  brickbat  se- 
cured from  the  farm,  the  old  Parker  farm  in 
Ohio. 

Article  No.  24.  A  box  of  gravel  from  the  sea- 
shore, procured  from  the  Catalina  Island,  in 
1907. 

Article  No.  25.  A  billiken  presented  bj^  A.  F. 
Williams,  which  he  bought  in  Washington  City 
on  one  of  his  trips. 

A  paper  weight  showing  Garfield's  Monu- 
ment in  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

A  small  arithmetic  which  formerly  belonged 
to  my  Cousin  Joseph  W.  Patterson,  who  gave 
it  to  my  father  Robert  Williams,  which  book 
was  published  in  1839,  and  is  called  the  West- 
ern Calculator. 

A  hickory  handle  made  by  my  father  from 
a  hickory  tree  on  the  old  home  place  in  Ohio, 
after  he  was  80  years  of  age. 

A  certificate  given  to  Mrs.  M.  F.  Williams  by 
the  ladies  of  the  Congregational  Church, — of 
no  date,  but  evidently  very  old. 


A  daguerreotype  of  my  mother  and  father, 
made  in  1858  or  1868. 

Another  daguerreotype  of  a  female  child; 
name  not  known  by  me,  nor  age. 

An  old  pocketbook  of  M.  F.  Williams,  con- 
taining old  papers,  from  30  to  40  .vears  of  age. 

Another  small  hip-pocket  book  containing 
old  papers  of  J\I.  F.  Williams. 

A  pine  cone  from  California. 

A  soldier's  cap  belonging  to  A.  F.  Williams 
at  the  time  he  joined  the  Cuban  war,  and  at 
the  same  time  his  father  got  him  discharged 
from  the  Ai'my. 

Some  ornaments  from  Honolulu  which  are 
used  to  adorn  one's  friends  when  they  leave 
on  the  ship. 

An  old  right-angle  level  which  formerly  be- 
longed to  my  Uncle  S.  B.  Williams,  and  was 
presented  to  me  by  his  daughter  Emma,  when 
we  were  in  Ohio  in  August,  five  years  ago. 

The  above  articles  are  all  on  the  top  shelf 
in  the  Curio  Case. 

Old  relics  shown  in  the  photograph  lying 
upon  the  radiator  at  the  south  end  of  the  Curio 

Case : 

One  wooden  gun  or  stock  of  a  gun  which 
was  used  50  years  ago  with  bow  and  arrow ;  this 
gun  stock  was  purchased  by  me  five  years  ago 
at  the  old  homestead  at  Jerusalem,  Ohio,  where 
a  portion  of  our  family  were  born.  The  gun 
stock  was  found  under  the  house  by  the  pres- 
ent owner.  He  brought  it  to  me  on  that  oc- 
casion, asked  me  if  I  would  like  to  have  it,  and 
I  gave  his  daughter  a  dollar  for  it. 

Another  article  which  might  be  termed  a 
spreader  or  cross-girt  in  a  heavy  old  wooden 
bedstead — the  kind  that  were  made  50  to  75 
years  ago,  with  turned  posts  and  turned 
frames.  The  present  owner  at  my  Grandfather 
Hampton's  old  homestead  had  torn  the  house 
down.  T  saw  this  in  the  basement  five  years 
ago  and  begged  it  of  him. 


MY    CABINET    OF    CURIOSITIES 


A  crotch  of  a  cherry  tree  which  I  procured 
on  the  same  trip  in  Ohio,  down  at  Gi-andfather 
Williams'  old  homestead. 

Three  sections  of  a  -walnut  stump  which  Elani 
and  Eli  Gibbons  stated  was  a  walnut  tree,  one 
which  Grandfather  Williams,  in  his  early  days, 
used  for  a  rope  walk  when  he  made  ropes  for 
his  OAvn  use. 

A  piece  of  sandstone  secured  at  the  old 
Grandfather  Williams'  place  on  the  same  trip. 

A  piece  of  wood  seven-eighths  of  an  inch 
thick  secured  from  our  old  home  in  Baresvillc. 
My  sister  Jane  and  I  made  a  trip  there,  after 
I  had  been  away  41  years. 

An  encyclopedia,  very  old  and  very  nuieh 
defaced;  the  owner's  name  is  gone. 

Some  pine  cones  procured  on  a  trip,  perhaps 
in  California. 

A  shaft  made  to  represent  Washington's 
monument,  purchased  and  presented  liy  A.  F. 
Williams,  and  which  is  made  from  the  pulp 
of  paper  money  after  it  is  destroyed,  then  made 
into  keepsakes  souvenirs,  and  sold  to  the  gen- 
eral pulilic. 

Two  clam  shrlls  gotten  in  ilusoatine,  Iowa, 
by  myself  and  wife  from  a  button  factory,  on 
our  \\ay  home  from  her  Brother  John's  place 
in  Mason  City.  Iowa,  in  1913. 

An  inkstand  which  wa  ;  u:  cd  by  me  several 
years  ago. 

An  olntua)-y  eai'd  of  Guy  G.  JIajor,  nuiyor 
of  Toledo,  Ohio,  who  was  a  vei-y  \Aai'ni  friend 
of  the  writer  and  who  died  about  ten  yeai-s  ago. 

A  Holy  Bible,  comprising  the  Old  and  New 
Testaments,  aii  illustrated  Bible,  which  be- 
longed to  Major  Stevens,  father  of  Mrs.  M.  F. 
Williams. 

Another  Bible,  comprising  the  Old  and  New 
Testaments,  which  is  one  belonging  to  Mrs.  M. 
F.  Williams. 

Another  small  Bible  belonging  to  my  wife. 

One  old-fashioned  nightcap  belonging  to  my 
mother.     One  very  old  blue  vest  belonging  to 


John  Shoebridge  Williams.  A  light  or  yellow 
colored  vest  was  the  vest  which  my  father  Rob- 
ert Williams  was  married  in. 

A  newspaper  called  the  Saturday  Union  Rec- 
ord, dated  Saturday,  June  24,  1916,  with  a 
sketch  about  "a  man  with  a  punch,  Milton  F. 
Williams." 

A  desk  set,  presented  to  M.  F.  Williams  by 
his  office  girls  in  the  year  1916. 

A  walking  cane  which  was  presented  to  me 
by  one  of  my  cousins  in  Atlas,  Iowa,  which 
cane  belongs  to  my  Uncle  Seth,  my  mother's 
brother.  On  this  same  trip  to  Iowa  we  stopped 
over  night  in  Atalissa  and  I  very  much  desired 
a  polished  cane  and  she  gave  it  to  me. 

An  oak  leg  of  an  old-fashioned  bench  which 
I  procured  at  the  old  homestead  in  Ohio  some 
five  years  ago.  This  bench  is  the  kind  made 
by  farmei's  in  olden  times  by  hand.  While  it's 
very  iloul^tful  about  my  father  making  the 
bench,  lio'vevcr  it's  worth  the  record  to  know 
that  it  was  made  at  one  of  our  old  homes  in 
Ohio. 

A  banister  from  Moro  Castle,  near  Havana 
Ilarljor,  Havana,  Cuba.  While  over  in  Havana 
in  1907  I  went  with  others  over  to  visit  Moro 
Castle,  and  while  there  I  took  a  banister  or 
what  a  wood  turner  would  call  a  "round"  en- 
clo.sing  one  of  the  windows.  I  took  otf  my 
coat,  as  'twas  a  very  warm  day,  and  wrapped 
iu  it  this  piece  of  turned  coco-bola  wood  and 
brought  it  home  in  my  trunk,  as  a  memento  of 
^[oro  Castle. 

A  case  containing  a  few  drawing  instruments 
which  I  used  when  I  was  drawing  plans  but 
which  tools  were  mostly  lost.  They  were  used 
by  my  son  Judson  Williams  after  I  was 
through  with  them. 

A  watch-holding  case  to  fasten  upon  the 
wall,  in  the  shape  of  a  slipper,  presented  to 
me  by  Mary  Goetz  while  I  was  in  Muscatine, 
Iowa,  in  1870. 

Three  pairs  of  baby  shoes  which  belonged  to 
Mabel  Williams,  our  eldest  granddaughter. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


A  profile  of  a  man  made  from  papier-mache 
or  from  pulped  greenbacks,  made  in  Washing- 
ton, D.  C,  and  purchased  by  myself  and  wife 
some  20-odd  years  ago. 

A  cane,  a  walking  stick,  which  belonged  to 
my  father,  and  which  was  made  and  presented 
to  him  by  Eli  W.  Gibbons,  his  nephew,  when 
father  was  about  60  years  of  age. 

A  willow  basket  made  by  Jane  E.  Williams, 
sister  of  M.  F.  Williams. 

A  sheepskin  or  Avhite  leathern  apron  which 
belongs  to  M.  F.  Williams,  and  was  presented 
when  he  was  taking  his  degrees  in  Masonry. 

A  stamped  dish  representing  Atlas  flour. 

A  lieadgear  made  from  the  fiber  of  cocoa- 
nuts,  which  we  purchased  on  the  dock  at  Colon, 
worn  by  the  natives  in  that  coimtry  and  sold 
as  souvenirs.  Many  young  folks,  both  men  and 
women,  bought  them  and  wore  them  on  the 
sliip  until  they  got  to  New  Orleans. 

Three  ornamented  canes  which  were  made 
by  the  natives  over  in  Culia  and  sold  to  travel- 
ers. 

A  ilexiean  hat  which  I  purchased  in  Old 
Mexico  on  my  trip  thei'e  in  ]!)05. 

A  small  lamp  which  was  used  by  M.  F.  Wil- 
liams when  he  was  going  to  school  in  Martin's 
Ferry,  Ohio,  the  Avinter  of  1867 ;  he  used  this 
lamp  to  study  by  at  night. 

Next  to  the  lamp  is  a  scorched  card,  one  of 
M.  F.  Williams'  cards,  which  he  scorched  on 
the  great  lava  bed  near  the  crater  on  the  island 
of  Helo  in  1915. 

A  number  of  badges  which  were  collected 
from  Brickmakers'  Convention;  there  were 
probably  a  dozen  more,  but  little  Leontine  Kal- 
tenbaeh  Williams  begged  some  of  them,  and 
took  them  with  her  to  California  when  she  was 
four  or  five  years  of  age. 

Some  konk  shells  which  were  procured  on 
tlie  Panama  trip  when  we  went  to  visit  the  big 
ditch. 


A  cast  iron  paper  weight  made  by  Arthur  F. 
Williams  when  he  was  learning  the  machinist 
trade. 

A  fish  ornament,  representing  the  shell  of 
the  starfish,  which  was  procured  on  the  Pan- 
ama trip. 

A  rattlesnake  skin  which  I  bought  at  Miami, 
Fla.,  paid  $15.00  for  it,  but  it  is  now  becoming 
old,  decayed,  rotten,  and  can  scarcely  be 
touched. 

All  the  fish  ornaments  and  shells  on  the 
lower  shelf  in  the  Curio  Case  were  procured 
fi'om  Panama  on  this  trip. 

A  pair  of  slippei-s,  moccasin  slippers,  pur- 
chased from  the  Indians  out  in  Idaho. 

A  di'awing  of  Uncle  S.  B.  Williams'  friction 
clutch,  of  which  he  made  one  or  two,  while  he 
was  liere  on  one  occasion. 

A  pictui-e  of  Santa  Barbara  Mission  in  18S9, 
made  of  California  yucca  palm. 

Two  sugar  tree  spiles  made  by  my  father 
ninny  years  ago  when  he  had  a  few  sugar  trees 
on  the  old  homestead  in  Ohio.  When  I  was 
there  last  I  saw  up  in  the  wagon  shed  a  flour 
bari'el  half  full  of  these  spiles,  made  from  box 
elder. 

The  framed  photograph  on  the  wall  shows 
M.  F.  Williams,  wife  and  Arthur,  taken  when 
he  was  quite  small. 

The  horns  upon  the  wall  back  of  the  Curio 
Case  were  procured  in  El  Paso,  Texas,  when 
coming   back  from   California   in   1915.     Thej' 

ai'c  cut  to  represent  fish. 

Another  photograph  on  the  wall  back  of  the 
Curio.  Case  represents  my  father  and  mother, 
my  brother  Oliver  and  his  son  Earl  Robert, 
taken  many  years  ago. 

The  what-not  in  the  corner  we  had  formerly 
in  our  parlor.  It  has  been  supplanted  by  arti- 
cles moi'e  pretentious. 


OUR   GARAGE 


OUR  GARAGE 

Cut  Xo.  184  represents  our  present  garage, 
of  one  story  only,  40  feet  in  length  by  20  feet 
in  width,  occupj'ing  40  feet  of  the  50-foot  lot. 
The  end  on  the  west  abuts  a  brick  wall  which 
is  the  partition  line,  leaving  a  vacancy  of  10 
feet  on  the  right  to  the  east  for  a  walk,  and 
an  entrance  to  the  alley.     This  garage  is  capa- 


eilities  and  a  driveway  or  entrance  diagonally 
upo7i  the  corner,  with  the  ash  pit  on  the  corner 
abutting  the  property  on  the  east. 

MR.  AND  MRS.  M.  F.  WILLIAMS  AND 
THEIR  AUTO 

The  fii'st  great  cause  of  the  M.  F.  Williams 
line  of  descendants,  shown  in  Forest  Park  in 


ble  of  hdhling  three  machines,  and  could  l)y 
crowding  hold  four.  The  family  having  but 
two,  have  provided  ample  room  for  the  third 
machine,  possibly  an  electric,  for  my  wife, 
Mrs.  M.  F.  Williams,  for  her  own  service, 
should  she  wish.  There  is  nothing  pretentious 
about  this  garage,  though  it  is  ciiuipped  with 
electric  lights,  a  heating  service,  washing  fa- 


a  favoi-able  shady  spot.  M.  F.  Williams  and 
his  wife  ai'c  standing  by  their  limousine  Pack- 
ard car.  M.  F.  Williams  in  his  73rd  year 
and  Mrs.  M.  F.  Williams  in  her  63rd  year.  He 
having  lived  in  the  city  of  St.  Louis,  at  the 
time  of  tlie  -Hriting  of  this  description,  namely, 
November  11th,  1919,  over  46  years;  having 
been   during   all   that   time    in   the   machinery 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


business,  first  as  a  milhvrisjht  -woi-king  for  oth- 
ers, later  on  getting  in  business  for  himself, 
and  finally  merging  into  the  Williiuns  Patent 
Crusher  and  Pulverizer  Company's  business, 
and  having  just  completed  our  23rd  year  in 
that  line  of  business.  These  families  and  their 
autos  are  simply  to  show  progress  and  ad- 
vancement along  their  respective  pathways  in 
life. 


and  described  elsewhere ;  he  also  owned  a 
plantation  of  1,120  acres,  including  a  sawmill 
and  a  grist  mill,  and  history  states  that  he 
lost  all  this  property  during  the  Avar  of  the 
Revolution,  and  in  the  spring  of  1800  his  widow 
and  children  migrated  to  Belmont  County, 
Ohio,  and  moved  into  the  log  cabin,  as  is  shown 
earlier  in  this  book,  on  Christmas  day,  1800. 
Milton  F.  Williams,  his  great-grandson,  whose 


Cut  No.  185— Mr.  and   Mrs.  M. 


We  have  now  in  the  year  1919  assumed  the 
propoi'tions  of  a  million-dollar  corporation  and 
have  produced  over  a  million  dollars'  worth  of 
product  for  the  past  three  years,  which  goes 
to  show  energy,  push  and  sticktoitiveness. 

Robert  Williams,  my  great-grandfather,  set- 
tled in  North  Carolina  about  the  year  1765  and 
established  two  mercantile  stores,  as  are  shown 


business  ability,  acquired  from  the  line  of  de- 
scendants and  without  any  college  education, 
has  made  him  the  president  of  the  Williams 
Patent  Crusher  and  Pulverizer  Company,  has 
resided  in  the  city  of  St.  Louis  for  46  years,  at 
this  writing.  Our  company  makes  over  257 
varieties  of  crushers  and  grinders,  and  pos- 
sesses over  260  patents  covering  our  line,  and 
our  first  grinder  is  still  in  operation  in  East 


M.  J.  WILLAMS   AND   WIFE 


St.  Louis,  Ills.,  over  23  years.  We  have  offices 
throughout  the  world,  and  thousands  upon 
thousands  of  our  crushers  and  grinders  are  in 
daily  operation  in  every  State  in  the  United 
States,  and  in  over  60  foreign  countries, — an 
achievement  by  a  common  artisan  without 
money  and  without  a  precedent  in  the  Wil- 
liams line,  who  has  accomplished  something  to 
be  proud  of;  but  he  has  not  done  it  all. — his 
three    sons,    Milton   Jndson    Williams    of    Chi- 


Park  in  Chicago,  in  the  fall  of  1919.  They  have 
another  car,  a  smaller  one,  a  Buick,  which  his 
wife  has  learned  to  drive,  and  likes  very  much 
lietter  than  the  larger  ear. 

This  is  M.  J.  Williams  in  the  photograph, 
our  eldest  son,  in  his  42nd  year.  His  wife, 
Anna  Williams,  is  much  younger  than  himself. 

Thc.v  have  selected  a  most  beautiful  spot  in 
Jackson  Park  for  a  background. 


cago,  111. ;  Oliver  J.  Williams,  of  San  Francis- 
co, Cal.,  and  Arthur  F.  Williams,  of  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  have  been  valuable  assets  to  the  progress 
of  the  company,  and  are  entitled  to  due  credit 
for  same. 

MR.  AND  MRS.  M.  J.  WILLIAMS  AND 
THEIR  AUTO 

Cut    No.    1S6    represents    another    Williams 
fainilv  with  their  Stutz  car,  taken  in  Jackson 


They  reside  in  South  Chicago,  having  pur- 
chased a  home  south  of  Jackson  Park  this 
.year.  They  have  a  very  nice  home  and  are 
very  comfortably  situated  in  a  good  neighbor- 
hood.    (See  cut  No.  186 A.) 

Cut  No.  186A  represents  the  residence  in 
Chicago  of  Milton  Judson  Williams,  our  eldest 
son.  The  premises  are  located  at  7237  Oglesby 
Ave.     It  has  a  west  frontage  and  is  located  in 


THE     WILLIAMS     HISTORY 


the  South  Shore  district  of  Chicago,  Ills.,  adja- 
cent to  the  South  Shore  Country  Club. 

Milton  Judson  Williams  is  our  representa- 
tive in  our  Chicago  office  in  the  Old  Colony 
building,  and  is  now  rounding  out  his  twen- 
tieth year  in  that  capacity.  The  house  above 
is  of  the  bungalow  pattern  style,  as  the  half 
tone  shows,  and  is  very  cozily  arranged.     It  is 


the  outside  is  what  is  termed  "rough  cast," 
to  make  it  as  near  fireproof  as  possible.  The 
garage  is  of  concrete  and  will  hold  two  ma- 
chines comfortably,  as  he  has  a  Stutz  car  and 
his  wife  a  Buick. 

The  foliage  in  the  side  yard  and  the  hedge 
in  front  and  the  beautiful  tree  ado2-ning  the 
sidewalk  help  to  relieve  the  simplicity  of 
design. 


in  a  strictly  bungalow  district,  all  of  which 
habitations  are  occupied  by  business  men  of 
Chicago,  and  is  but  a  half  block  walk  to  a 
street  car  line  which  leads  into  the  city,  and 
three  blocks  from  one  of  the  suburban  stations 
on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  and  also  about 
three  blocks  from  Lake  Michigan. 

The  premises  cost  something  over  ten  thou- 
sand dollars.     The  house  in  style  of  finish  on 


MR.  AND  MRS.  ARTHUR  F.  WILLIAMS 
AND  THEIR  AUTO 

Cut  No.  187  shows  Arthur  F.  Williams,  our 
middle  son,  out  in  Forest  Park,  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  in  his  Hudson  car,  along  with  his  wife, 
Lydia  Arthur  Williams — he  in  his  40th  year 
and  she  in  her  21st  year.  A.  F.  Williams  is 
vice-president  of  the  Williams  Patent  Crusher 
and  Pulverizer  Co.    His  better  half,  nee  Bray, 


DESCRIPTION  OF  A.  F.  WILLI  AIMS'  RESIDENCE 


RESIDENCE  OF  A.  F.  WILLIAMS. 


Cut  No.  1S7-A  sho^vs  the  residence  of  Artluir  F.  Williams,  located  in 
■'Hillerest,'"  St.  Louis  County,  at  No.  ()8  Arundel  Place. 

This  residence  is  of  the  Spanish-Swiss  style  of  architecture,  with  French 
windows  throughout.  It  is  situated  on  a  lot  55  leet  front  and  139  feet  deep, 
and  the  walls  are  of  Chaldiau  matte  finish  with  stucco  trimmings. 

It  laces  south,  while  the  outlook  from  the  i-eai-  windows  affords  a  most 
beautiful  view  of  Nature's  own  production  of  sturdy  old  oaks.  Open  porches 
at  the  front  and  the  I'ear  are  accessible  from  the  casement  windows,  the  front 
one  being  30  feet  in  length,  and  the  rear  one  adjoining  the  breakfast  room. 

The  house  contains  a  reception  hall  and  stairway,  to  the  left  of  which  are 
a  lai'ge  living  room  and  breakfast  j-uom,  A\hile  on  the  right  are  the  dining 
room  and  kitchen.  At  the  rear  cf  the  main  stairway  is  another  stairway 
leading  to  the  basement,  with  closets  and  all  necessary  accommodations  adjoin- 
ing The  house  is  e<iuipped  throughout  with  hot  and  cold  water,  electric  lights 
and  hai-dwood  tlooi's.     The  heating  of  the  house  is  liy  means  of  steam. 

The  main  stairway  comprises  a  second  landing,  to  the  left  of  which  is 
Ihc  maid's  room;  next  comes  the  bath  room,  which  is  of  white  tile  and  marble 
with  built-in  tub  and  sliower  bath.  Fronting  the  bathroom  to  the  north  and 
connecting  witli  the  same,  is  the  nuistcr's  bedi-oom,  which  is  15  feet  by  19 
feet,  and  iirovidcd  with  ample  closets.  To  the  east  of  the  master's  bedroom 
is  a  guest  room,  which,  directly  to  the  r.cnth,  adjoins  tlie  sun  parlor,  the 
same  having  five  French  windows  facing  the  soutli  and  east,  making  it  a  veT'y 
pleasant  room  thi'oughout  the  summer. 

At  the  i-ear  of  the  yard  is  a  brick  garage,  with  capacity  foi'  two  cars,  with 
r,  di-iveway  from  the  front  street  and  ample  space  for  turning  a  car. 

Tiie  coal  is  ivceivcd  from  this  driveway  directly  from  the  wagon  liy  means 
of  a  coal  chute  leading  to  the  liaseinent. 

Near  the  center  i)f  the  rear  yard  is  a  bii'ds"  l)ath  made  of  tci'ra  cotta,  to 
■which  many  bii-ds  of  different  hues  come  every  day  from  the  forest  of  trees 
in  the  rear  of  the  premises. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


ARTHUR   F.  AND    OLIVER  J.  WILLIAMS 


Cut   Xo.   187— Mr.  and   Mrs.   .-\rthur  F.  Williams  and   their   Hudson 


Cut  Xo.  188— Mr.  and  Mrs.   O.  J.  Williams  and  family  in  their  Stutz  touring  car 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


DR.  CARSON  AND   FAMILY 


was  born  in  the  Ozark  country  in  Missouri,  at     his  sixth  year,  and  their  dairghter;  about  ten 
or  near  Morehouse,  Mo.  years  of  age,  Leontine  Margaret  Williams. 


A.  F.  Williams  has  held  for  many  years  the 
position  of  salesman  for  our  product.  For  the 
past  seven  or  eight  years,  dating  back  from 
1919,  he  has  been  the  Company's  financial  man- 
ager, as  well  as  salesman,  and  the  business 
under  his  management  has  prospered  more 
than  ever  before,  and  for  the  past  three  years 


This  picture  was  taken  in  the  year  1919, 
about  the  month  of  August,  in  their  Stutz 
touring  ear,  having  resided  in  California  about 
11  years.  Oliver  has  represented  our  company 
for  that  length  of  time,  has  made  a  showing 
for  himself  and  has  just  moved  into  their  new 
$15,000   home   in   Burlingame,    Calif,    (see    cut 


Cut  No.  189— Dr.  and  Mrs.  Edgar  Carson  and  son  and  their  Oakland 


our   output    has   been   over   a    million   dollars' 
worth  per  year. 

MR.  AND  MRS.  OLIVER  J.  WILLIAMS 
AND   FAMILY   IN   THEIR   AUTO 

This  cut  No.  188  represents  Oliver  J.  Wil- 
liams and  his  family  in  Burlingame,  Calif.,  in- 
cluding his  wife,  Leontine  Kaltenbach  Wil- 
liams, their  son,  Jlilton  Franklin  the  second,  in 


No.  18SA),  and  has  also  finished  three  bunga- 
lows for  sale.  He  shows  energy  and  thrift  by 
his  past  actions  in  California.  He  is  well 
known  all  over  the  State,  and,  in  fact,  in  the 
Pacific  States,  as  our  company  now  have  al- 
most 700  of  our  crushers  and  grinders  in  the 
Pacific  States  alone.  His  office  is  located  at 
67  Second  street,  San  Francisco,  near  Market 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Cut  No.  189  represents  Dr.  Edgar  Carson 
and  Florence  Carson  Williams,  and  their  son, 
Edgar  Mason  Carson,  Jr.,  sitting  upon  the 
running  boai'd ;  their  child,  our  grandchild,  is 
just  rounding-  out  his  fifth  year.     This  photo 


city  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It  is  the  home  of  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Edgar  M.  Carson  and  their  two  chil- 
dren, presented  to  them  by  Milton  F.  Williams, 
Mrs.  Florence  Carson's  father,  and  her  chil- 
dren's grandfather  on  her  side  of  the  house. 


Cut   No.   189.^— Rebidencc  of   Dr    Edgar   M     Carsc 


was  taken  in-  Forest  Park  near  the  Swan  Lake 
about  July,  1919,  in  their  Oakland  car. 

Cut  No.  189A  illustrates  No.  7166  Pershing 
Ave.,  situated  in  St.  Louis  County,  about  a 
half  mile  west  of  the  westei'n  city  limits  of  the 


It  is  a  cozy  and  a  beautiful  little  home,  with 
the  back  of  the  lot  just  across  the  street  abut- 
ting a  suburban  railway  track,  which  railroad 
connects  to  all  the  city  lines  as  well  as  passing 
through  (Dayton,  the  county  seat  of  St.  Louis 


ARTHUR    FRANKLIN    WILLIAMS,    JR. 


THE  LATEST 


Born  at  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  June  22nd,  1921,  to  Arthur  Franklin  Williams 
and  Lydia  Bray  Williams,  a  son,  Arthur  Franklin  Williams,  Jr. 


A    NOTIFICATION 

St.  Louis,  Mc,  June  22,  1921. 

Messrs.  M.  J.  and  0.  J.  Williams : 

My  Dear  Sons — Out  in  the  offing,  in  the  wee  sma'  hour  of  the  night,  be- 
cwceii  the  midnight  hour  and  1  o'clock,  the  watchman  in  the  crow's  nest 
siglited  a  beacon  light  by  the  use  of  his  very  strong  telescope,  and  as  the 
beacon  light  approached  nearer  and  nearer,  there  was  heard  a  cry  of  distress. 
And  as  said  light  approached  nearer  and  nearer,  this  light  was  hailed  by  a 
guifling  star  which  hallooed:  "Ship  ahoy!" — At  this  auspicious  moment  both 
officers  and  men  were  alert  to  discover  the  coming  of  a  new-born  Babe. 

He  was  not  lodged  in  a  manger,  but  in  the  arms  of  the  attendants,  and 
finally  in  those  of  a  fond  mother.  This  was  not  in  Bethlehem,  but  it  hap- 
pened in  the  City  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  where  anxious  expectations  ripened  into 
joy,  as  the  arrival  was  pronounced  a  certainty,  and  the  name  was  recorded 
,is  Arthur  Franklin  Williams,  Jr.,  and  in  this  camp  there  was  great  rejoicing. 
And  it  is  now  recorded  in  the  Lamb's  Book  of  Life  to  the  glory  of  both  pro- 
genitors. All  hearts  are  filled  with  gladness,  and  the  commanding  officer, 
after  four  bells,  pronounced:  "All  is  well," — and  the  meaning  of  the  above 
is  that  your  Brother  and  his  good  Wife  are  blessed  with  a  Boy. 

Your   Affectionate   Father, 

MILTON    F.    WILLIAMS. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Cut  No.  190A— Arthur   Franklin  Williams    Jr. 


MY   TWO    GRANDSONS 


County,  which  is  about  one  mile  west  of  the 
premises. 

The  surroundings  for  miles  are  all  new 
buildings.  There  is  not  an  old  building  in  the 
vicinity.  The  streets  are  adorned  upon  both 
sides  of  the  sidewalk  with  beautiful  young  for- 
est trees.  This  neighborhood  is  located  in  a 
valley,  and  the  south  landscape  presents  a 
beautiful  view  dotted  with  trees  and  nice  new 
dwellings;  it  is  the  same  on  the  north  side, 
which  is  quite  sloping  and  rising  to  a  very 
high   ridge,   over  which   one   views  University 


was  born  January  29th,  1914.     The  photo  from 
which  this  cut  was  made  was  taken  in  1918. 

THE  AUTHOR  IN  HIS  DAILY  GARB 

Cut  No.  191  shows  M.  F.  Williams,  the  au- 
thor, in  a  most  natural  position,  as  it  shows 
my  daily  garb  at  the  office  of  our  factory,  as 
it  has  been  for  years.  In  distributing  these 
half-tones  to  relatives  and  friends,  several  pre- 
fer the  one  wearing  the  apron  and  the  sleeve 
covers.  Having  been  a  workman  for  so  many 
years,  I  feel  more  at  home  in  this  garb  than 
anv  other.     It's  rather  an  unusual  garb  for  a 


Cut  No.   190-Edgar  Mi-,  n   C.t,   «n  .nd   Milton   l'nuikli!i   Williams  the  Second 


City,   a   suburban   town   adjoining   the   city   of 
St.   Louis,   but   having   its   own   corporation. 

This  locality  on  Pershing  Ave.  is  called  West 
Portland  place. 

MV  TWO  GRANDSONS 

Cut  No.  190  shows  Edgar  Mason  Carson,  son 
of  Dr.  Edgar  Mason  Carson  and  Florence  Wil- 
liams Carson,  on  the  left ;  and  on  the  right, 
Milton  Franklin  Williams  the  Second,  the  son 
of  Oliver  J.  Williams  of  Burlingame,  Calif. 
Edgar  ilason  Carson  was  born  February  6th, 
1914,  and  Milton  Franklin  Williams  the  Second 


lousiness  man  to  wear,  and  1  freqviently  have 
callers  remark  about  it,  asking  why  I  wear  the 
outfit.  The  reason  is  obvious.  First  and  fore- 
most, to  keep  my  clothing  clean.  Secondly,  to 
feel  natural,  which  are  two  of  the  best  rea- 
sons on  earth.  These  three  pictures,  cuts  Nos. 
191,  192  and  193,  were  taken  in  ray  72nd  year, 
in  1918. 

M.  F.  WILLIAMS,  KNIGHT  TEMPLAR 

Cut  No.  192  shows  M.  F.  Williams  in  the 
garb  of  a  Knight  Templar.  These  three  posi- 
tions, taken  at  one  and  the  same  time  and  upon 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Cut  Xo.   191— M.  F.  Williams  in  his  72nd  year 


A  KNIGHT   TEMPLAR 


Cm  No.  192— M.  F.  Williams  in  the  garb  of  a  Knight  Tcmpla 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


t.lim 

•I 

Cm  Xo.  1^)3— M^  F.  \\- 


MY   GRANDCHILDREN   TREE 


-^^«^^a^ 


Xo.    194— Grandchildren   of  M.   F.  Williams 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


the  same  occasion,  are  to  show  the  thi-ec  dif- 
ferent positions  in  life.  I  have  never  attempt- 
ed to  take  but  the  three  degrees  in  Masonry. 
However,  my  youngest  son  in  California  has 
gone  to  the  highest  position  in  Masonry,  all 
inside  of  one  year,  and  is  a  very  enthusiastic 
Mason.  I  adopted  Masonry  too  old  in  life  to 
be  as  enthusiastic  as  some,  but  I  would  advise 
every  young  man  to  become  a  Mason  early  in 
life,  as  it  places  before  him  lessons  which  he 
cannot  obtain  in  any  other  manner,  even  from 
reading  the  Bible,  as  Masonry  places,  before  a 
man  practical  lessons  in  life  that  if  he  adheres 
to  and  lives  by  he  can't  possibly  go  wrong. 

M.  F.  WILLIAMS  IN  FULL  DRESS 

Cut  No.  193  shows  Milton  F.  Williams  in  a 
dress  suit,  which  is  a  very  rare  occasion, — the 
only  dress  suit  he  has  ever  owned,  which  he 
purchased  in  London,  in  1900.  At  that  time, 
being  on  a  business  trip  and  having  to  meet 
some  of  the  upper  tendom,  it  seemed  to  be 
necessary  to  have  a  dress  suit  made,  and  wear 
a  silk  tile,  as  that  was  all  the  go,  and  possibly 
is  yet.  Even  the  cab  drivers  wore  silk  tiles 
in  London.  About  the  only  occasion  upon 
which  I  wear  a  dress  suit  and  silk  tile  is  a  ban- 
quet once  a  year  to  the  Ohio  Society. 

GRANDCHILDREN'S   TREE 

I  have  five  grandchildren  at  the  present  writ- 
ing, 1920. 

1.  Mabel  Veronica  Williams,  the  oldest,  is 
the  daughter  of  my  son  Milton  Judson  Wil- 
liams, and  was  born  Augu.st  27,  1900. 

2.  Leontine  Margaret  Williams,  at  the  top 
of  the  tree,  is  the  daughter  of  my  son  Oliver 
Julian  Williams,  and  was  born  May  12,  1909. 

3.  Milton  Franklin  Williams  the  Second,  on 
the  left  side  of  the  tree,  is  the  son  of  my  son 
Oliver,  and  was  born  January  29,  1914. 


4.  Edgar  Mason  Carson,  Jr.,  on  the  right  of 
the  tree,  is  the  son  of  my  daughter,  Florence 
Williams  Carson,  and  was  born  February  27th, 
1914. 

5.  Florence  Ethel  Carson,  in  the  center  of 
the  tree,  is  the  daughter  of  my  daughter  Flor- 
ence Williams  Carson,  and  was  born  December 
28, 1919. 

Cut  No.  194-A  shows  Mabel  Veronica  Wil- 
liams, the  daughter  of  my  son,  Milton  Judson 
Williams,  when  she  was  five  years  of  age,  and 
posed  with  a  model  of  our  grinder  and  pulver- 
izer in  her  hand. 

PRESIDENT  LINCOLN  ASSASSINATED 

My  sister,  Jane  Elizabeth  Williams,  who  is 
visiting  me  at  St.  Louis  in  November,  1919, 
has  been  talking  over  old  times.  Among  other 
things  she  recalls  that  the  night  of  the  assas- 
sination of  President  Lincoln,  April  14th,  1865, 
Father  Robert  returned  alone  from  a  visit  he 
had  made  in  company  with  Sister  Mary  and 
appeared  much  agitated.  As  Jane  was  the  old- 
est of  us  children  and  had  the  care  of  us  large- 
ly, she  noticed  Mary's  absence,  and  feared 
from  father's  actions  that  something  had  hap- 
pened to  her.  She  said,  "Father!  what's  the 
matter?  Where .  is  Mary  Louise?"  "Hush," 
said  father,  "dont"  let  your  mother  hear." 
Mother  was  confined  to  the  bed  for  a  few  days 
at  this  time.  Jane's  anxiety  was  all  on  account 
of  Sister  Mary,  whom  she  feared  had  suffered 
some  accident  that  father  was  keeping  from 
her,  so  she  asked  again,  "Father,  where  is 
Mary  Louise?"  But  his  mind  was  full  of  an- 
other subject.  Without  answering  her  ques- 
tion, and  with  the  tears  running  down  his 
cheeks,  he  said,  "President  Lincoln  has  been 
a.ssassinated."  The  words  did  not  impress  Jane 
at  the  time,  but  she  only  felt  relief  that  fa- 
ther's agitation  was  not  on  account  of  any 
misfortune  to  sister  Mary,  so  she  exclaimed: 
"Oh,  is  that  all?"  After  over  54  years,  that 
remark  remains  in  a  pigeonhole  of  our  mem- 
ory, and  was  brought  out  in  talking  over  old 
times  together. 


MY    GRANDCHILDREN'S    TREE  No.  2 


^:..  ?: 


Cut    Xo.  iy-)-2— Grandchildren's    Tree    No.  2 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTOEY 


MY    GRANDCHILDREN'S    TREE   No.  2 


1.  Mabel  Yerouiea  Williams  (Sehiioider),  the  oldest,  is  the  daughter  of 
Milton  Judsou  Williams,   and   \vas  born   August   27th,   1900. 

2.  Leontine  Margaret  Williams,  near  the  top  of  th<>  tree,  is  the  daughter 
of  my  son  Oliver  Julian  Williams,  and  was  boi'u  May  12th,  1909. 

3.  Milton  Franklin  Williams  the  Second,  on  the  left  side  of  the  tree,  is 
the  son  of  my  son  Oliver,  and  was  boi'n  January  29th,   1914. 

4.  Edgar  Mason  Carson,  Jr.,  on  the  right  of  the  tree,  is  the  son  of  my 
daughter  Florence  Williams  Carson,  and  was  born  February  27th,  1914. 

5.  Florence  Ethel  Carson,  in  the  center  of  the  tree,  is  the  daughter  of  my 
daughter  Florence  Williams  Carson,  and  was  ))oi'n   December  28th,  1919. 

6.  Arthur  Franklin  Williams,  Jr.,  jjei'died  like  a  bird  on  the  tip  top  of 
the  ti-ee,  is  the  first-born  son  of  my  son  Arthur  Franklin  Williams,  and  was 
born  June  22nd,  1921. 


A  PAIR  OF   INFANTS 


Cut  No.   194A— Mabel   Veronica  Williams  at   five  years  of  age 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTOEY 

4 


Cut  No.   195— The  parents  of  Milton  Franklin  Williams  and  their  family 


STRUGGLE    MOUNTAIN 


OUR  FAMILY  CIRCLE 

Parents:  Robert  Williams,  born  Sept.  18, 
1809;  died  August  23,  1903.  Married  Ma}^  3, 
1838; 

Sarah  Ann  Hampton,  born  July  17,  1820; 
died  July  23,  1906. 

Ten  children,  of  whom  six  are  living  in  1920: 

1.  Jane  Elizabeth  Williams,  born  April  2, 
1839. 

2.  Ilanjiah  Ann  Williams,  born  Sept.  13. 
1840;  died  Dec.  21,  1896. 

3.  Mary  Louise  Williams  (Chandler),  born 
April  23,  1844. 

-     4.  jMilton  Franklin  Williams,   bos'n   Oct.   13, 
1846  (author  of  this  History). 

5.  Rnthanna  Williams  (Murdock),  born  Feb. 
18,18.50. 

6.  Sarah  Angelina  Williams  (Weeks),  born 
July  3,  1852. 

7.  Seth  Oliver.  Williams,  born  Feb.  16,  1855. 

8.  Harriet  Beecber  Williams,  born  Sept.  9, 
1857;  died  Oct.  20.  1862. 

9.  Frances  Cornelia  Williams,  born  Dec.  26, 
]8(il;  died  Feb.  3,  1911. 

10.  Alice  Roberta  AVilliams,  born  April  14 
1865;  died  January  18,  1891. 

ALLEGORY  OF  STRUGGLE  MOUNTAIN 

What  is  meant  l)y  Struggle  Mountain?  It 
is  to  illustrate  or  depict  the  character  of  a  de- 
termined man.  No  man  in  this  world  can 
make  a  mai'k  worthy  of  notice  without  a  de- 
termined purpose.  It  matters  not  so  much 
what  is  his  vocation,  as  stai'ting  out  with  a 
determined  purpose  to  accomplish  an  object 
worthy  of  mei-it.  God  in  his  wisdom  created  us 
all,  the  tall  along  with  the  short — and  especially 


the  tall,-each  having  a  different  disposition, 
some  to  lead  and  others  to  follow,  others  learn- 
ing teachings  which  they  cannot  swallow.  M.  F. 
Williams  from  early  boyhood  had  a  desire  to 
be  something,  to  be  somebody,  to  be  known  in 
the  world  as  a  useful  man.  Born  of  humble 
and  honest  parents,  and  about  as  near  to 
Nature  as  it  was  possible  for  one  to  live  in 
those  daj'S,  after  failing  in  farming,  financially, 
principally  on  the  account  of  the  rebellion  of 
i860  having  closed,  as  has  been  described  pre- 
viously, I  started  to  learn  the  millwriglit  trade, 
under  ray  uncle,  Samuel  B.  Williams,  and  my 
earliest  partnership  experience  was  with  one 
Wm.  H.  Foreman,  whose  photograph  will  adorn 
these  pages  (Cut  No.  156),  my  partner  in  the 
millwright  business  for  five  years ;  I  then  be- 
came very  much  dissatisfied  witli  our  progress, 
A\-hich  could  scarcely  be  called  progress.  The 
ups  and  downs  which  we  had  were  many,  the 
vicissitudes  of  this  period  were  not  crowned 
with  what  I  would  term  success.  Many  a  time  I 
have  been  discouraged  at  the  difficulties  of 
manhood,  and  thought  of  my  boyhood  days: 

"Backward,    turn    liackward, 
Oh,  Time,  in  your  flight. 
Make  me  a  child  again 
Just  for  tonight." 

And  then  took  a  new  gi-ip. 

The  repi'csentation  of  Struggle  ]\Iountain  is 
to  show  the  vicissitudes  in  the  life  of  an  ener- 
getic man.  It  is  to  depict  that  a  determined 
spirit,  a  man  of  energy,  a  man  of  sturdy  back- 
bone, will  not  and  cannot  be  downed  if  God 
spares  his  life,  and  if  he  has  sufficient  strength 
of  character;  and  Struggle  Mountain  is  intend- 
ed to  portray  the  character  of  the  author  of 
this  evolution,  your  humble  servant,  Milton  F. 
Williams.  While  I  had  no  certain  ideals,  and 
no  height  of  goal  to  attain,  illustration  No.  196 
will  show  the  pilgrim  trying  to  climb  Struggle 
^Mountain.  While  the  engraver  did  not  get  my 
idea  (piite  correctly,  you  will  note  the  repre- 
sentation of  an  individual  on  the  left  side 
amidst  the  boulders  having  made  a  few  steps 
above  the  common  level,  in  usefulness  and  in 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


ability;  and  while  many  men  are  satisfied  to 
spend  the  remainder  of  their  lives  upon  the 
first  mesa,  you  will  kindly  note  that  the  pilgrim 
has  advanced  perhaps  to  the  tenth  level;  then 
having  remained  there  for  a  few  years,  he  ad- 
vances on  up  to  other  levels  which  should  have 
been  shown.  Init  the  reader  can  imagine. 
"With  immense  proficiency,  a  captain  of  indus- 
try is  starting  at  the  gutter  and  progresses  only 
step  by  step.  Then  again  in  these  days  of 
multi-millionaires,  it  is  more  difficult  than  ever 
to  define  success.  But  this  depiction  will  go  to 
show  that  the  writer  has  niet  with  hundreds  of 
reverses,  and  has  never  forgotten  the  old  sa.y- 


Struggle  Mountain ;  and  the  figure  on  the  top 
of  the  mountain  representing  a  man  with  the 
flag  of  victory  in  his  right  hand,  is  there  pro- 
claiming "Eureka."  While  the  easy  road  to 
success  from  the  top  of  Struggle  Mountain  to 
higher  peaks  beyond  is  not  visible  to  the  naked 
eye,  it  may  be  shown  by  the  person  descending 
from  that  point  down  to  the  valley  where  he 
meets  the  little  company  of  successful  men,  and 
might  be  in  one  sense  described  as  a  path 
strewn  with  roses,  green  verdure  and  beautiful 
white  lillier;,  emitting  an  aroma  which  many 
a  person  would  love  to  enjoy;  and  when  pil- 
grim advances  down  to  the  broad  valley  of  sue- 


'i^^^ 


Cut    No.     196 — Struggle    Mountain 


ing  tliat  "when  or  where  you  lose  an  object 
there's  the  place  to  go  to  find  it."  That  by 
having  courage  and  sufficient  perseverance  one 
can  and  will  (God  giving  him  good  health,  and 
I  always  have  had  good  health) -finally  attain 
the  goal.  At  some  periods  of  my  life  I  have 
climbed  Struggle  Mountain  by  making  but  one 
step  at  a  time,  and  sliding  backward  two ;  but 
being  a  strong  believer  that  "everlastingly 
keeping  at  it  will  finally  bring  the  answer  "- 
after  having  spent  many  years  in  adversity,  and 
after  having  tried  three  partners  in  life  in  a 
business    way,    I   finally   reached    the    top    of 


cess  on  the  right,  the  people  who  Avere  not  pres- 
ent when  pilgrims  stai'ted  to  climb  the  moun- 
tain of  struggle,  or  the  struggle  of  life,-they  no 
doubt  were  busily  engaged  greeting  others  who 
had  attained  success.  They  are  like  the  world : 
"Laugh,  and  the  world  laughs  with  you,  weep 
and  you  weep  alone."  No  truer  saying  hath 
ever  been  quoted.  It  is  human  nature  over  and 
over  again.  Thus,  Struggle  Mountain  ends  my 
autobiography  of  evolution  from  babyhood  to 
manhood,  and  thus  begins  my  real  business 
career,  that  has  continued  with  increasing  suc- 
cess up  to  the  present  time  of  my  74th  year. 


POINTERS  BY  SUCCESSFUL  MEN 


SIGN  POSTS  ON  THE  ROAD  TO  SUCCESS 

"Now  is  the  winter  of  our  discontent  made 
glorious  summer  by  this  sun  of  York,  and  all 
the  clouds  that  lowered  upon  our  house  in  the 
deep  bosom  of  the  ocean  bearing." 

OUR  TROUBLES 

One  morning  in  the  winter  of  1917,  going 
down  to  work,  in  our  smoke  wagon,  and  taking 
along  a  neighbor  by  the  name  of  Thomas  Web- 
ster, who  has  since  deceased,  he  made  a  remark 
which  is  true  to  the  life,  and  oh  how  simple.  He 
stated  that  the  most  of  our  troubles  are  but 
imaginary. 

PERSONALITY  OF  M.  F.  WILLIAMS 

Many  men  in  the  business  world  cater  to 
danism.  M.  F.  Williams  never  caters  to  clan- 
ism,  but  always  caters  to  the  public.  Trying  to 
treat  every  one  alike,  showing  no  favoritism 
or  preference  to  any  individual  clan.  Being  a 
Welshman  in  descent,  he  believes  in  playing 
fair  and  squai'c  with  evei'y  one  and  working 
strictly  upon  his  merits. 

If  possible,  train  yourself  so  as  to  be  among 
the  persons  who  hold  their  anger  and  do  not 
retort  until  the  angered  have  vented  their 
spleen ;  then  comes  your  turn  and  you  have 
every  advantage,  because  you  are  fresh  in 
mind,  superior  in  knowledge  and  can  vanquish 
your  adversary  with  a  very  few  words,  as  a 
soft  answer  turneth  away  wrath.  This  is 
Quakerism. 

HONESTY 

"An  honest  man  should  be  the  noblest  work 
of  God,  and  we  believe  the  Creator  never  makes 
mistakes. ' ' 

SUCCESS 

"Keeping  everlastingly  at  it  brings  .success. 

"Constant  dropping  wears  the  stone." 

On  the  other  hand,  there  is  a  saying: 

"Do  others  before  they  have  a  chance  to  do 
you." 


This  is  common  everyday  practice,  but  not 
one  of  the  commandments. 

Does  it  pay?    No,  it  does  not.    "Milton." 
SAVING 

"Save  the  pennies  and  the  dollars  will  take 
care  of  themselves." 

WORTH  KNOWING 

"Industry,  sobriety  and  frugality  linked  to- 
gether and  properly  husbanded  cannot  help  but 
bring  success." 

ATTENDING  TO  ONE'S  BUSINESS 

"While  many  men  of  many  minds  attend  to 
other  people  "s  business,  they  always  get  behind. 
Attend  to  your  own  business,  first,  last  and  all 
the  time,  and  you  will  win  out." 

SOWING  SEED 

"In  sowing  seed,  while  some  will  naturally 
fall  upon  shallow  ground,  the  majority  will  fall 
upon  good  ground.  Husband  your  resources 
for  your  own  benefit,  and  let  the  devil  take  the 
hindmost,  for  he  surely  will." 

"Treat  your  fellow  man  fairly,  treat  him 
squarely,  practice  the  golden  rule,  there  is  none 
other." 

PRECARIOUSNESS 

"Don't  strain  at  a  gnat  and  swallow  a 
camel." 

A  DISCOURSE:    HAVE  FAITH 

Cut  No.  197.  Have  Faith,  as  faith  without 
works  availeth  nothing.  He  who  hath  not  faith 
in  the  first  great  cause,  in  a  Creator,  the  first 
beginning,  the  Divinity  of  all  that  is  good,  the 
reason  why  we  are  upon  earth,  and  for  what 
purpose  we  are  upon  oarth,-falleth  by  the  way- 
side, and  never  reaches  the  goal.  Should  he 
live  to  a  ripe  old  age  he  is  unhappy,  eaiising 
those  with  whom  he  comes  in  contact  to  be 
unhappy,  and  he  who  is  without  faith  never 
accomplishes  much  in  this  life.  When  the  babe 
is  born  and  realizes  life,  the  first  action,  the 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


first  display  of  that  newly  born  babe  is  to 
smile ;  and  of  course  later  it  has  to  cry ;  but  a 
babe  always  smiles  first,  and  its  smile, — it 
blesses  the  world.  In  its  smile  it  gives  promise 
to  the  older  ones  surrounding.  In  its  smile  is 
a  sufficient  gviarantee  that  it  came  into  the 
world  for  a  good  purpose.  In  illustration  No. 
197,  faith  is  represented  by  a  most  beautiful 
young  lady;  that  young  lady  having  grown  to 
womanhood  is  the  pride  of  her  parents.  There- 
fore in  duty  to  her  and  in  truth  we  endow  her 
with  the  name  "Faith."  A  smiling  countenance 
denotes  happiness.  A  frown  and  a  wrinkled 
brow  denotes  melancholy.  Some  in  the  world, 
perhaps,  all  livin<i-  beings  in  the  world  at  times. 


bright  side.  Faith  standing  at  his  back  is  try- 
ing to  encourage  him  to  look  through  the  win- 
dow of  light,  upon  the  beautiful  hills  in  the  dis- 
tance, the  hills  and  vales  which  were  once  cov- 
ered with  grass,  as  grass  is  immortal ;  and  in 
any  part  of  the  world  where  grass  does  not 
grow,  man  cannot  live.  Did  you  ever  think 
of  it  in  that  respect?  Hence  grass  is  immortal. 
Grass  is  life.  The  torn  up  earth  in  France, 
in  Belgium,  in  Italy  and  later  in  Germany  and 
many  other  countries  of  the  old  world  where 
devastation  now  reigns  supreme,  and  .  where 
vegetation  has  ceased  to  grow, — the  rising  gen- 
eration will  have  to  level  the  ground,  fill  up  the 
liolcs  so  ijvass  will  come  again.    Whv  ?   Because 


pass  through  melancholy ;  and  reverting  back 
to  one  of  the  early  readers  in  my  boyhood  days, 
I  remember  the  following  words:  "The  melan- 
choly days  have  come,  the  saddest  of  the  year," 
which  would  indicate  that  the  writer  referred 
to  the  fall  of  the  year,  when  the  verdure  had 
been  dissipated  by  time;  and  when  now  is  the 
winter  of  our  discontent  made  only  glorious  by 
the  Summer  sun,  the  pessimist  is  shown  sitting 
at  his  desk,  possibly  reading  market  reports 
which  have  gone  against  him.  He  may  be  a 
farmer,  he  may  be  a  tradesman,  but  at  all 
events  he  is  a  pessiniist,-no  doubt  born  in  the 
dark  of  the  moon,  and  passing  through  life 
upon    the    dark    side,    seeing    nothing    of    the 


grass  is  immortal.  Grass  will  be  sown  by  nuin, 
the  seeds  will  be  sown  by  the  birds.  The  seeds 
will  be  blown  by  the  winds,  and  grass  will  be 
immortal.  Therefore,  as  grass  is  immortal,  it 
will  grow  again  over  the  ground  which  has 
been  di-enched  with  the  red  corpuscles  of  the 
strength  of  each  individual  country,  even 
America.  Many  a  young  man  who  has  been 
the  flower  of  the  family,  the  pride  of  his 
mother, — his  blood  will  be  drained  from  his 
body,  and  will  drench  some  foreign  land  to  give 
evidence  to  Faith  that  the  greatest  devastation 
in  the  world's  history  will  again  be  covered 
with  herbage. 


FAITH,  HOPE  AND  CHARITY 


After  giving  pessimism  a  lesson,  or  the  mel- 
ancholy individual  a  lesson  in  faith,  she  last 
but  not  least  finally  points  to  success, — that  of 
the  optimist  upon  the  top  of  the  mountain.  As 
light  is  everlasting,  light  will  prevail ;  Avhat  has 
been,  will  come  again.  History  does  repeat 
herself,  r.o  (|uestion  about  it.  Then  the  lesson 
which  we  are  to  draw  from  No.  197  is  "Faith." 
The  engraver  tried  to  show  pessimism  by  the 
entreaties  of  the  young  lady  "Faith"  to  wear 
a  smile,  and  we  trust  that  he  is  wearing  a 
smile  after  first  having  a  frown.  A  person  with 
a  cheerful  disposition  lives  longer,  does  more 
good  in  life,  is  a  help  to  those  who  surround 
him  or  her.  They  are  looked  up  to.  They  im- 
pose confidence.  They  become  leaders.  There- 
fore faith  now  leads  on  to  success.  The  symbol 
of  the  optimist  upon  the  top  of  the  mountain, 
backed  up  by  the  sun's  rays,  just  approaching, 
to  light  the  traveler  upon  his  weary  road 
through  life.  It  is  most  common  in  cloudy 
days  for  the  generality  of  mankind  to  be  pes- 
simistic, but  upon  the  morning  of  the  approach- 
ing sun,  after  the  clouds  of  despair  have  been 
dispelled  by  the  beautiful  rays  of  the  summei-'s 
sun,  we  all  become  more  cheerful  in  life.  Again 
repeating:  Where  there  is  faith,  there  is  hope. 
We  know  in  truth  that  the  sun  shines  always, 
and  that  the  sun  never  goes  to  sleep ;  but  while 
the  sun  is  hidden  by  the  earth  fi-om  our  view 
and  fi'diuently  eovei'ed  l)y  the  clouds  of 
dispair,  we  become  as  changeable  as  the  wind. 
Therefoi'c,  let  us  remember  that  the  good  book 

HAVIXCl  FAITH  BRINGS  HOPE 

entreats  us:  "Be  ye  steadfast."  Have  hope 
and  be  guided  Iiy  faith.  Any  man,  any  woman, 
any  child,  may  have  strength  of  mind.  I  am 
a  strong  believer  in  the  fact  that  mind  over 
matter  has  a  veiy  gi-eat  effect,  and  we  can 
allow  ourselves  to  pass  down  into  the  slough 
of  despond,  or  we  can  walk  up  to  the  eminence 
of  success  by  being  an  optimist. 

IMany  persons  have  faith  in  jirayci'.  Some 
do  not,  but  whether  the  prayers  of  the  righte- 
ous availeth  much,  or  whether  they  do  not,  the 
Creator  placed  within  evei-y  individual  faith, — 
if  thev  will  onlv  exercise  it  bv  strength  cf  luiiul 


to  overcome  all  adversity,  which  can  be  done, 
as  a  strong  mind,  if  continually  exercised,  will 
overcome  matter.  Some  may  say  this  is  Chris- 
tian Science.  Some  may  say  it  is  moral  suasion. 
Some  may  call  it  some  other  science,  or  some 
other  ism, — but  it  matters  not  to  the  writer  by 
what  name  it  may  be  called,  "have  faith."  I 
have  seen  my  dear  old  mother  with  the  blues. 
I  have  seen  my  dear  old  father  with  the  blues, 
or  both  giving  way  to  a  melancholy  mood.  I 
have  heard  that  my  grandfather  upon  my 
mother's  side  at  times  was  almost  a  mono- 
maniac with  melancholy.  That  he  would  take 
his  gun  ujion  shoulder,  go  into  the  woods  near 
by.  get  near  Nature  and  hunt  sijuirrels  all  day 
long.  Finally,  after  communing  Avith  Nature, 
being  feasted  with  her  beautiful  verdure,  her 
fragrant  wild  Houers.  the  song.s  of  the  beautiful 
birds,  the  chii-p  or  bark  of  the  siiuirrel,  and  per- 
haps lii'inging  home  two  or  three  squirrels, — 
he  would  come  home  at  night  quite  a  different 
man.  I  have  heard  that  my  grandfather  upon 
my  father's  side  also  passed  through  melan- 
choly periods.  Then,  that  being  the  case,  I 
know  I  inherited  melancholy.  Upon  one  occa- 
sion my  father  took  me  on  a  visit,  \v\\n\  I  was 
between  seven  and  eight  years  of  age,  to  my 
grandparents,  upon  my  mother's  side,  and 
when  I  returned  I  was  filled  with  melancholy 
and  wanted  to  go  l)aek.  I  cried,  I  reasoned 
with  my  mother,  or  she  reasoned  with  me,  and 
at  that  age  I  did  not  know  the  cause.  Today 
I  know  the  cause.  It  was  houu'sickness  to  go 
liack  to  my  grandmother. 

HAVING  FAITH  AND  HOPE,  BRINGS 
CHARITY. 

Therefore  it  behooves  all  of  us  to  believe 
that  there  is  more  good  in  the  woi'st  of  us,  and 
some  bad  in  the  best  of  us,  so  that  it  never 
becomes  any  of  us  to  talk  about  the  rest  of  ns. 

Inasmuch  as  M.  F.  Williams  inheidted  mel- 
ancholia from  both  sides  of  the  house,  is  it  not 
a  wonder  that  he  hasn't  been  a  failure?  But 
being  possessed  by  nature  of  more  optimism 
or  a  greater  amount  of  optimism  than  pessi- 
mism, and  having  practiced  all  my  life  the 
effect    of    mind    over    matter,    and    fi-equently 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


having  been  swayed  by  feelings  of  reverses, 
into  the  slough  of  despond,  yet  I  quickly  rallied 
and  sphinx-like  arose  from  the  ashes  to  accom- 
plishments greater  than  before,  by  constant 
faith. 


The    road   that    is   roughest   at   the    stai 
smoothest  at  the  ending. 


M.  F.  WILLIAMS'  NARROW  ESCAPES 
FROM  DEATH 

In  the  year  1900,  1  went  to  Jonesville,  Mich., 
to  confer  with  the  owner  of  a  cement  plant 
about  a  grinder.  I  sold  the  grinder. for  grind- 
ing coal.  On  my  way  back  home  I  had  to  take 
a  circuitous  route  to  get  the  Wabash  to  Chi- 
cago. At  the  railroad  station  where  I  took  the 
train  was  a  double  track,  and  l>acking  up  to  the 
station  east  and  west  were  two  othei-  tracks 
and  two  other  short  connecting  trains  to  the 
junction  points  waited  for  the  main  trains  east 
and  west.  I  saw  my  train  coming  from  the 
east,  on  its  way  to  Chicago.  1  started  over  to 
get  the  train.  Coming  from  tlie  west  was  an- 
other train  from  Chicago,  which  did  not  stop 
at  tliis  town,  and  going  at  brcakiu'ck  speed. 
The  station  master  saw  my  predicament.  He 
was  a  man  about  35  years  of  age,  a  regular 
athlete.  He  ran  with  all  the  strength  within 
him,  he  put  his  arm  around  my  body,  he  threw 
me  sprawling  onto  the  platform  and  saved  my 
life,  as  I  was  about  to  cross  the  track  of  the 
fast  train  coming  from  Chicago,  over  to  the 
second  track  Avhere  the  train  stopped.  That 
Avas  as  near  as  I  ever  came  to  lieing  killed  by 
a  railroad  train. 

ANOTHER  RAIL  ACCIDENT 

The  second  raih'oad  disaster,  which  I 
avoided,  was  in  a  town  in  Pennsylvania,  at  the 
tannery  of  Ganeslan  &  Fisher.  They  were 
trying  out  one  of  our  bark  shredders  upon 
hemlock  bark.  The  plant  was  driven  electric- 
ally. Some  several  hundred  rods  away  from 
the  tannery,  I  went  down  to  watch  the  grind- 
ing of  the  bark,  and  stepped  out  upon  the  track 
which   carried  the   ground  bark  down  to  the 


tannery.  A  switch  engine  was  coming  down 
from  the  town  after  cars  of  leather  presumably, 
and  the  track  run  close  to  a  small  brick  build- 
ing, and  crossed  the  tannery  track  right  by  the 
edge  of  the  buildhig,  which  somewhat  obscured 
the  locomotive  and  tender  from  my  vision.  I 
was  standing  in  the  forks  of  the  two  tracks. 
Mr.  Ganeslan  and  Mr.  Fisher  were  standing  a 
few  rods  away.  They  saw  my  predicament. 
They  were  afraid  to  halloo  on  the  account  that 
the  tender  was  so  close  to  me,  and  they  both 
told  me  afterwards  their  hearts  were  almost  in 
tlieir  mouths,  fearing  to  speak.  They  saw  the 
lii-ciuan  run  over  the  tender  and  get  down  on 
the  running  board.  He  took  one  foot  and 
kicked  me  clear  of  the  track,  and  I  fell  sprawl- 
ing on  the  ground  unharmed. 

BO.VRDING  A  TRAIN 

Upon  one  other  occasion,  in  1874,  I  went  up 
to  Miller's  Landing,  Mo.,  for  W.  H.  Foreman, 
who  afterwards  was  my  partner,  to  balance 
millstones  for  Mr.  Maupin.  I  got  through  with 
my  balancing.  I  had  taken  a  train  for  Wash- 
ington, Mo.,  to  interview  the  millers  to  see  if 
there  was  more  work  there.  A  train  came  along 
going  to  St.  Louis.  I  had  promised  my  best 
gii-1,  now  my  best  wife,  to  go  out  to  Staunton 
and  bring  her  down  to  the  St.  Louis  Fair, 
which  was  a  great  occasion  in  those  daj^s  at 
the  eld  Fair  Grounds,  which  is  now  a  park. 
The  conductor,  being  a  veteran  railroad  man, 
jumped  off  the  train,  went  into  the  station  win- 
dow to  get  his  orders,  and  then  jumped  onto 
Mie  train  without  her  stopping.  I  thought  I 
could  do  the  same.  I  made  the  lower  step.  I 
had  an  umbrella  in  one  hand,  a  grijj  in  the 
other.  I  lost  my  umbrella,  I  grabbed  the  rail- 
ing, a  man  standing  on  the  platform  came  down 
and  grabbed  me  by  the  other  arm,  and  pulled 
me  onto  the  train,  or  I  would  have  fallen  under 
and  perhaps  been  ground  to  pieces.  From  that 
day  to  this,  some  forty-three  years  ago,  I  allow 
the  trains  to  stop  before  I  board  them. 

A  LUCKY  MISS 

Upon  one  other  occasion,  coming  in  from  a 
job  at  Staunton,  111.,  while  there  I  had  made 
the  acquaintance   of  one   Samuel  Rathwell,   a 


SOME  VERY  PERSONAL  EXPERIENCES 


carpenter,  who  always  worked  in  St.  Louis  for 
James  Stuart  &  Co.  He  was  working  at  a 
church  upon  Beaumont  Street.  I  went  up  to 
saj'  hello  to  Samuel,  and  while  standing  on  the 
lower  floor  of  the  church  talking  a  2  by  12 
joist,  16  feet  in  length,  came  down  endwise 
within  a  foot  of  where  I  was  standing. 


I  LOSE  A  THUMB 

Upon  another  occasion  in  the  mill  of  Messrs. 
Woodward  &  Dwight  at  Staunton,  111.,  Avhieh 
has  long  since  been  obliterated  from  the  face 
of  Mother  Earth,  and  tenement  houses  built 
in  its  stead,  I  was  busily  engaged  in  instalUnff 
a  three-run  husk  frame  for  ilessrs.  Woodward 
&  Dwight,  and  upon  these  three-run  of  stone, 
Robert  L.  Downton.  afterwards  manufactured 
the  famous  self-raising  Hour.  Either  Gon- 
dolpho  or  \Vm.  Downton  could  recall  the  name 
of  that  Hour,  which  was  so  famous  that  Messrs. 
Woodward  &  Dwight  paid  Robt.  L.  Downton 
.$5,000.00  for  one  year  not  to  prepare  any  more 
flouring  mills  for  a  year.  Downton  took  the 
money  and  went  to  Europe,  and  wlien  he  le- 
turned  it  is  safe  to  say  he  hadn't  any  left. 
While  I  still  cherish  a  warm  and  tender  mem- 
ory for  Robt.  L.  Downton,  he  ilii'd  owing  me  a 
few  dollars,  and  I  attribute  a  portion  of  my 
success  in  the  world  to  Downton 's  push  in 
•cursing  me  and  telling  me  I  had  got  to  do 
what  he  commanded.  What  haiipcncd  at  this 
mill  is  this:  In  lowering  d'lwn  fiom  the  second 
floor,  one  of  the  master  wheels  into  the  pit  of 
the  husk  frame  having  a  two-ton  chain  lilock 
fastened  onto  a  chain  en  the  third  Hoor  with 
v.n  iron  rod  extending  thrcugh  a  link  of  the 
elir.in.  suddenly  a  link  brcke.  Thos.  11.  llowniil 
Wi!;-,  i  1  the  well  hole  of  the  husk  frann'  handing 
soindhin?',-  down  to  ;\I.  F.  Williams.  Tlic  fh;:in 
breaking,  and  the  v.-eight  of  the  mastei-  wheel 
puUiiig  down  upon  the  chain  l^locks,  allowed 
the  upper  chain  1)lccks  rheaves  to  fall  upon  my 
liiiht  hand  just  grazing  Thos.  Howard's  head, 
he  stooping  over  with  the  back  of  his  neck 
exposed.  If  it  had  hit  him,  he  would  have 
been  a  dead  one ;  and  my  right  thumb  from  the 
joint  out — the  second  joint — was  so  badly 
laeei'atfd  that  it  had  to  be  amputated.     Thus  I 


have  been  thumbing  it  ever  since,  and  still  feel 
one  hundred  cents  on  the  dollar. 

I  TAKE  A  FEW  TUMBLES 

In  the  year  1907,  in  the  month  of  May,  when 
we  had  our  first  strike,  the  effects  of  this  striko. 
the  shock  from  it,  gave  my  nervous  system  such 
a  shock  that  it  brought  on  diabetes;  and  now 
in  my  eleventh  year  with  diabetes,  having 
fought  it,  and  having  a  strong  constitution,  I 
feel  that  it  has  not  weakened  my  system,  or  up 
to  this  writing  shortened  my  days.  One  night 
in  January,  in  our  residence,  I  had  a  fall  down- 
stairs, by  backstepping  from  a  telephone  call, 
but  notiiiiig  serious  resulted.  A  few  weeks 
thereafter,  I  had  another  fall,  from  our  eleva- 
tor pent-house  hi  the  new  concrete  building; 
at  this  time  I  fell  six  or  eight  feet,  or  more 
properly  I  slid  stairway  and  all.  My  ankles 
\\'cre  caught  between  the  two  lower  steps  and 
must  have  been  spraini-d.  Although  I  looked 
around,  to  see  if  any  one  ::aw  me,  I  had  to  laugh 
with  joy  that  1  was  not  seen  in  my  foolish  act, 
and  AAas  uninjmed.  Alxmt  three  weeks  after 
that  time  1  was  taken  ivith  a  very  severe  pain 
in  my  right  leg  below  the  knee,  and  for  ten 
nights  I  could  nut  lie  in  bed,  could  not  sleep, 
only  by  sittinu-  uj)  with  kntn's  against  the  I'adi- 
ator.  I  went  to  a  doctor,  then  had  x-rays 
taken:  and  while  at  times  my  lower  limbs  are 
weakened  b\-  walkinti,  at  othei'  times  I  feel  as 
good  as  e\cr.  bnt  I  h;iven't  the  action  I  for- 
merly had  ill  iii.\-  limbs  and  feet;  but  I  never 
was   an    athlete  though   a   fairly   good  walker. 

:my  iiosi>itai>  experience 


Li  ISSI!  ai- 
:\fessi's.  Down 
planning  an,! 
August  for  th 


.V:   M 


nl  ceased  woi'king  for 
Hit  at  mill  construction 
(ling.  I  went  to  work  in 
C.  &  W.  Todd  &  Co.,  at 


H]9  North  Secmd  Sti-eet.  The  first  work  they 
placed  me  at  w  as  to  I'cconstruct  a  mill  at  Ash- 
ley, 111.  While  there  I  contracted  chills  and 
fever,  and  there  also  developed  a  very  severe 
pain,  which  caused  me  to  go  to  bed,  and  go 
under  the  care  of  a  doctor.  This  doctor,  how- 
ever, not  being  the  most  proficient  in  medicine, 
I  did  not  think  he  undei-stood  my  case.     After 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


treating  me  for  at  least  three  weeks,  I  decided 
and  he  advised,  that  I  come  to  St.  Louis  and 
go  under  treatment  of  Dr.  Gregory,  who  was 
then  practicing  at  the  Mullanphy  Hospital.  I 
came  from  Ashley  alone  upon  the  train,  and 
from  the  old  Union  Depot  at  Twelfth  Street 
upon  a  Cass  Avenue  car,  and  after  arriving  at 
home,  at  2518  Bacon  Street,  and  frightening 
my  wife  almost  out  of  her  wits  (as  she  did  not 
know  I  was  ill)  we  called  ;in  Dr.  Gregory.  He 
diagnosed  my  case  and  stated  I  would  have  to 
go  to  the  Mullanphy  Hospital,  which  was  prac- 
tically across  the  street.  I  went  to  the  hospital, 
remained  there  about  two  weeks,  and  during 
that  time  a  most  severe  internal  abscess  de- 
veloped. After  being  lanced  and  relieved  in 
another  week's  time,  I  left  the  hospital  and  went 
to  my  home.  This,  however,  was  about  the  first 
of  September  of  the  year  mentioned  above. 
Lying  there  and  looking  out  the  window  south, 
I  can  today  plainly  see  our  little  red-headed 
boy  playing  out  in  the  alley  with  his  wagon, 
and  other  children  (which  boy  at  that  time  was 
our  present  son  of  40  years,  M.  J.  Williams). 
After  the  experience  in  the  hospital,  in  about 
90  days  T  recuperated,  ami  soon  -was  l)ack  to 
woi'k  better  than  ever,  as  this  abscess  had  the 
effect  of  draining  my  system  of  the  poison 
which  I  received  in  IllinciT  from  the  raiasmic 
condition  of  the  country  at  tliat  time. 

I  continued  on  for  G.  &  W.  Todd  &  Co.  this 
fall  of  1883  and  through  the  winter.  I  finally 
went  back  into  business  with  Wm.  H.  Scott,  of 
311  Convent  Street,  which  incident  has  been 
previously  related.  Referring  to  the  cause  of 
the  injury  or  that  which  brought  on  the 
abscess,  I  really  attribute  the  cause  to  a  fall 
which  I  previously  had  at  Gillespie,  111.,  while 
working  in  a  flouring  mill  in  the  Avinter  of 
1882,  for  one  Jacob  Querbach,  I  was  installing 
in  this  mill  one  stand  of  Downton  Rolls,  also 
constructing  a  double  two-reel  bolting  chest, 
and  one  single  reel  bolting  chest,  and  other 
machinery.  While  passing  over  one  of  the  trap 
doors  of  the  wheat  bin — the  first  receiving 
wheat  bin — some  one  had  carelessly  left  the 
cover  off,  and  I  was  precipitated  downward 
with  my  right  leg  and  was  considerably 
bruised  and  injured  for  some  little  time ;  and 


I  am  now  convinced  that  the  prime  cause  of 
my  sickness  and  being  laid  up  in  the  hospital 
was  from  this  fall. 

MY     GREAT     AUNT,     ELIZABETH     WIL- 
LIAMS GARRETSON 

The  following  newspaper  clipping  refers -to 
Joseph  Garretson,  who  married  my  great  aunt, 
Elizabeth  Williams,  the  sister  of  John  Shoe- 
bridge  Williams,  and  the  daughter  of  my  great 
grandfather,  Robert  Williams.  It  was  sent  me 
by  her  son,  Joseph  W.  Doudna,  Atlas  Star 
Route,  Barnesville,  0.  Joseph  Garretson  mar- 
ried Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Robert  Williams, 
of  Carteret  Co.,  N.  C,  and  had  five  children- 
Asenath  (Doudna),  Asa,  Joseph  W.,  Elizabeth 
Jr.  (Wilson),  and  John  W.  Garretson. 

"Joseph  W.  Doudna,  of  this  vicinity,  has  an 
article  of  agreement  between  the  citizens  of 
liai'iiesville  and  Joseph  Garretson,  made  one 
hundred  years  ago.  It  was  written  on  good 
paper  -and  is  well  preserved.  The  article  agrees 
to  employ  Joseph  Garretson  to  teach  the 
liarnesville  school  for  the  term  of  one  year, 
specifying  that  the  branches  to  be  taught  were 
reading,  writing,  spelling  and  arithmetic  in 
the  best  manner  that  he  was  capable  of,  at  a 
price  of  six  dollars  for  each  scholar,  to  be  paid 
(j'uarterly,  one-half  in  cash  and  the  other  half 
in  '\\-heat  and  corn,  delivered  at  market  price 
at  his  house  or  in  such  mill  as  he  may  direct.  ' 
The  article  stipulated  there  should  be  not  less 
than  twenty-five  scholars  or  more  than  thirty. 

"This  was  the  condition  of  Barnesville  one 
hundred  years  ago.  The  article  was  signed 
March  12,  1811,  when  the  town  was  less  than 
three  years  old.  The  teacher,  Joseph  Garret- 
son, was  the  father  of  the  well-known  Asa 
Garretson,  of  later  years,  and  from  accounts 
we  have  of  him  he  was  a  man  of  great  ability 
and  was  regarded  as  one  of  the  best  teachers 
in  this  part  of  the  state.  Among  the  subscrib- 
ers to  that  school  we  find  the  following  names. 
How  few  of  them  are  known  to  anybody  living 
in  Barnesville  today:  Jacob  Myers,  John  Me- 
chem,  James  M.  Rownd,  Solomon  Coles,  Henry 
Grear,  John  Shannon,  Tobias  Coone,  Rebecka 
Dodd,  Joseph  Arnold,  William  Hodgin,  Richard 


A  BIG  JOB  WELL  DONE 


Croj',  Joseph  Taj'lor,  Richard  Medley,  Solomon 
Morris,  Henrj'  Barnes,  Zacherias  Bailey,  Isaac 
Coppock,  Robert  Plummer,  Joseph  Middleton, 
Barnaby  Clark,  John  Grier. " 

MY    AUNTS    ELIZABETH    AND    PENINAH 

My  father's  sisters,  Elizabeth  and  Peninah 
Williams,  married  brothers,  James  and  Joseph 
Gibbons.  My  aunt  Peninah  -was  the  mother  of 
Eli  Gibbons. 

This  letter  from  my  cousin  Eli  Gibbons,  in 
his  SOth  year,  gives  a  glimpse  of  hard  work, 
simple  pleasures,  and  well-earned  success  in  a 
tjuiet  life — not  one  torn  and  tossed  about  in 
business  competition,  but  content  to  strive 
earnestly,  live  honestly,  and  leave  to  his  chil- 
dren a  better  farm  than  it  was  when  he  and 
bis  ^brother  Elam  agreed  to  help  their  father 
Avork  it  and  pay  off  the  mortgage. 

P.arnosville,  0.,  13/3rd  mo/20. 

"Milton  F.  Williams: 

Dear  Consin-Thy  very  welcome  lettei'  just 
received  this  evening  and  after  the  reading  of 
thy  truly  good  offer  I  thought  that  I  would 
start  to  answer  it  tonight.  It  is  now  half  past 
nine  o'clock. 

"Now,  my  dear  Cousin,  a  sketch  of  my  life's 
history  at  the  age  of  74  years.  In  the  company 
of  my  brother  Elam  (16  years  old)  and  my 
grandfather,  Samuel  Williams,  I  left  Somotton 
in  the  afternoon  in  the  year  1854,  and  we 
walked  to  Barnesville,  Ohio,  and  stayed  all 
night  at  Cousin  Robert  Starbuck's.  The  next 
day  we  walked  on  to  Baresville  to  visit  three 
of  my  uncles  that  lived  there  and  stayed  aliout 
a  week.  Then  Elam  and  I  walked  back  to 
Barnesville  and  stayed  all  night  at  R.  S. ;  then 
came  on  home  the  next  day.  Grandfather 
stayed  at  Barnesville  to  have  a  longer  visit. 

Now  I  am  going  to  make  a  big  .jump.  In 
1864,  when  Elam  and  I  were  at  school  at  Mt. 
Pleasant,  our  second  term,  my.  father  had  a 
letter  written  to  us  at  Mt.  Pleasant.  (Father 
never  Avrote  a  letter  in  his  life  that  I  remem- 
ber). That  he  thought  of  buying  a  farm  of  150 
acres,  so  he  wanted  to  know  if  us  boys  would 
stay  with  him  and  help  pay  out  on  the  farm  ; 


Ave  said  all  right.  (Elam  and  I  never  eat  crow). 
Finally  the  farm  got  to  be  over  200  acres.  In 
1868  we  put  up  a  $4,000  house.  Elam  worked 
26  years  after  he  was  21  years  old,  and  I 
worked  24  years  after  I  was  21  years  old.  Then 
we  were  under  a  mortgage  of  $2,500.  We  di- 
vided the  mortgage  and  Elam  took  $1,250  and 
I  $1,250.  Elam  got  70  acres  and  I  got  58  1-4 
acres.  Elam  and  I  laid  under  a  mortgage  44 
years  of  our  lives.  We  finally  lifted  the  debt 
and  not  a  scratch  of  paper  rests  against  this 
farm.     Elam  sold  his  farm  years  ago,  all  but 

21  acres;  he  sold  that  some  two  years  ago.  His 
health  is  pretty  good  now,  and  my  health  is 
pretty  good. 

"I  have  been  sick  with  the  grip,  but  am  bet- 
ter.    I  will  (|uit  this  letter  for  tonight. 

"14th  of  the  third  month,  morning.  I  will  try 
and  finish  this  letter  before  I  go  to  town.  I  am 
feeling  in  my  usual  health  this  morning,  the 
rest  of  the  family  are  nearly  in  the  enjoyment 
of  health. 

"Now  for  some  more  history;  there  was  a 
field  on  the  place  that  had  not  been  plowed  for 

22  years  and  it  had  grown  up  in  locust  bushes 
and  briars,  etc.,  and  we  wanted  to  have  it  put 
in  coi'u  and  oats  so  it  had  to  be  grubbed  first. 
I  went  in  to  clearing  the  field.  I  worked  three 
hours  one  day  and  took  up  128  locust  bushes 
in  the  three  hours,  then  another  day  I  started 
out  with  my  mattock  and  looked  back  and  saw 
my  daughter  Edith  with  her  mattock  on  her 
shoulder  following  me.  We  both  worked  six 
hours  that  forenoon  before  we  went  to  dinner. 
I  think  we  took  up  as  many  grubs  that  fore- 
noon as  the  men  that  wanted  $2.00  per  day  for 
work.  I  think  we  grubbed  as  much  in  that  six 
ho^irs  as  the  two  men  would  have  grubbed  in 
a  day,  and  would  have  cost  us  $4.00.  Well,  we 
kept  on  till  wje  finished  the  grubbing  of  all  the 
field.  Our  estimate  was  we  saved  about  .$50.00, 
what  wn  would  have  had  to  pay  for  hired  help. 
Of  course  the  men  worked  by  the  whistle,  or 
eight  hours  a  day.  I  never  worked  by  the 
whistle,  though  when  I  was  a  boy,  I  used  to 
make  walnut  whistles.  Edith  could  grub  up  a 
bush  as  quicj:  as  her  father  could;  she  was  a 
chip  off'  the  old  block.     We  got  the  grubbing 


^HE     WILLIAMS     HISTORY 


done  and  the  field  was  ploAved  and  planted  in 
corn  and  oats.  The  girls  had  32  hundred 
pounds  of  phosphate  put  on  that  eleven  acres 
and  it  was  the  best  crop  of  corn  I  have  had  on 
the  farm  ever  sinee  I  lived  on  the  farm,  49 
years. 

"I  will  not  give  my  answer  to  thy  offer  at  this 
time,  but  I  wish  to  thank  thee  for  thy  generous 
offer.     Now  in  regard  to  that  list  of  names, — 


War.  He  left  Ohio,  along  with  two  other 
brothers,  about  when  he  had  reached  his  ma- 
jority. He  now  draws  a  pension  as  a  Civil  War 
veteivm.  I  have  been  corresponding  with  him 
for  several  years,  as  he  is  a  survival  of  the 
fittest. 

A  QUAKER  WEDDING 

The  only  Quaker  wedding  which  I  have  wit- 
nessed was  that  of  my  cousin,  Robert  W.  Hamp- 


-.^mos   H.   Hampton 


mother's   brother 


we  are  waiting  on  Elwood  and  Joseph  DeWees 
and  Oliver  I^innus  for  their  list. 

As  ever  thy  cousin  Eli,  with  much  love." 

AMOS  H.  HAMPTON 

Cut  No.  201  represents  my  mother's  brother, 
my  uncle  Amos  H.  Hampton,  who  lives  at  For- 
est Grove,  Oregon,  in  his  84th  year,  still  hail 
and  hearty,  and  the  only  survivor  of  my  moth- 
er's familv.     He  is  an  old  soldier  of  the  Civil 


ton,  wedded  to  Anna  IS.  Bundy.  Robert  Hamp- 
ton at  that  time  lived  with  his  father,  John 
Hampton,  at  Viola,  Linn  County,  Iowa,  or  near 
there.  Anna  B.  Buudj'  lived  out  near  Maul- 
town,  near  Colerain  Post  Office,  in  Belmont 
County,  Ohio. 

It  is  previousl.y  recorded  in  this  history  (page 
72)  that  the  method  of  marrying  among  the 
Friends  is  for  the  contracting  parties  in  wed- 
lock to  announce  their  intentions  of  marriage 


UNCLE  JOSEPH'S  BRIDGE 


at  several  previous  monthly  meetings,  with  the 
consent  of  their  parents ;  and  then  they  both 
get  up  in  open  meeting,  and  without  the  aid  of 
a  minister,  take  their  mutual  vows  in  the  pres- 
ence of  the  whole  congregation  of  both  men 
and  w.omen  who  are  witnesses,  and  I  do  net  be- 
lieve that  I  have  ever  heard  of  Quaker  people 
becoming  divorced. 

AN  OLD  WOODEN  BRIDGE 

Cut  No.  198  shows  a  side  view  of  the  wooden 
bridge   which   spans   a   small   river   about   live 


time  and  again,  that  he  received  50  cents  per 

day  for  his  service. 

The  photograph  was  taken  in  1920  in  Paris, 
Kentnck.y,  and  was  authorized  by  the  writer 
through  the  information  received  from  Mary 
Louise  Williams,  near  Paris,  Kentucky,  now 
living  in  the  sulnirbs ;  she  is  a  distant  cousin, 
and  about  eighty-one  years  of  age. 

1  consider  this  acquisition  a  very  ricn  dis- 
coverv  in  mv  historical  work,  and  it  is  dedi- 


Cut   No.    19S — Side   view   of   bridge   near   Paris,    Kj 


miles  north  of  Paris,  Kentucky,  which  wooden 
covered  bridge  was  erected  by  my  Uncle  Joseph 
Williams,  when  my  great  uncle,  John  Shoe- 
bridge  Williams,  engineered  and  constructed  a 
turnpike  about  90  years  ago  from  Zanesville, 
Ohio,  to  Florence,  Alabama. 

My  father,  Robert  Williams,  worked  upon 
this  turnpike,  as  a  common  laborer  at  the  time 
of  its  construction ;  and  I  have  heard  him  say 


iams,   mv  father's  eidest 


cated  to  Joseph   Wi 
brother. 

This  same  turnpike  passed  througii  the  farm 
as  above  mentioned  about  live  miles  north  of 
Paris,  Kentucky,  where  Uncle  Joseph  Williams 
found  his  wife,  my  aunt  Sarah  Mitchell 
Williams. 

The  railroad  bi'idge  seen  in  the  distance 
underneath     the     suspended     wooden     bridge 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


shows  a  more  modern  style  than  the  wooden 
bridge  of  the  old  days. 

ENTRANCP]  TO  OLD  WOODEN  BRIDGE 

Cut    No.    199   shows    one    end    of    the    same 
bridge  spanning  the  small  stream  and  built  by 


bridge  which  my  uncle,  Joseph  Williams,  built 
upon  the  same  turnpike,  and  possibly  spanning 
the  same  stream  about  five  miles  south  of  Paris, 
Kentucky.  The  latter  bridge  has  been  replaced 
by  a  steel  and  iron  bridge,  possibly  for  the  past 
ten  years. 


Cut   No.   199— End 


bridge  near   Paris,  Ky. 


my  uncle  Joseph  Williams.  This  bridge  is  still 
standing  and  in  good  repair,  almost  90  years 
of  age ;  as  a  matter  of  fact  it  is  reasonable  to 
suppose  that  some  parts  have  been  renewed 
from  time  to  time.    There  is,  however,  another 


JOSEPH  WILLIAMS 

Joseph  Williams,  first  child  of  Samuel  and 
Sarah  Arnold  Williams,  was  born  March  10, 
1805,    at   the    old    home    of   my    grandfather. 


MY  UNCLE  JOSEPH  WILLIAMS 


Samuel  Williams,  down  on  16  Creek,  where 
grandfather  once  operated  a  water  power  saw 
mill,  which  sawmill  was  built  by  Uncle  Joseph 
Williams  and  was  referred  to  in  a  letter  in  this 
history,  written  to  his  intended  wife  before 
marriage.  He  died  January  21,  1891,  aged  85 
years  10  months  and  11  days.  He  was  the  eldest 
of    eleven    children    and    the    brother    of    my 


Samuel  B.  Williams  and  Ruth  Anna  Hamp- 
ton Williams,  had  seven  children.  My  mother 
and  my  aunt  Ruth  were  sisters. 

Joseph  Williams  was  a  grand  old  man.  In 
his  early  days,  it  is  worthy  of  note,  he  Avorked 
with  his  uncle,  John  Shoebridge  Williams, 
about  00  years  ago  in  helping  to  build  a  turn- 


Cut    Xo.   200— Josfpli    \Vi 


my    father  s    oldest    brother 


father,  Robert  Williams,  and  of  my  uncle,  San.- 
uel  B.  Williams. 

Joseph  and  Samuel  Williams  were  mill- 
wrights together.  My  uncle  Joseph  Williams 
and  his  wife,  Sarah  Wright  Mitchell,  had  si.x 
children ;  my  father  and  my  mother  Sarah  Ann 
Hampton  Williams,  had  ten  children. 


pike  from  Zanesville,  Ohio,  to  Florence,  Ala- 
bama. My  imcle  Joseph  constructed,  accord- 
ing to  history,  all  of  the  bridges  of  any  ini' 
portance  on  this  turnpike. 

In  constructing  said  tui'npike,  the  same 
pas-.ed  through  the  farm  of  a  ]\Ir.  Mitchell, 
which   farm   now   is.  located   near   and   in   the 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


suburbs  of  the  town  of  Paris — the  boundary 
line  in  fact  passed  near  the  farm.  At  thii 
farm,  while  Joseph  Williams  was  constructing 
a  wooden  bridge,  he  met  and  courted  Sarah 
Wright  Mitchell,  and  they  were  mari'ied  June 
18,  1835.  As  no  other  kinds  were  built  in  those 
days  but  wooden  bridges  and  stone  bridges, 
we  here  present  half-tones  of  the  bridge  about 
five  miles  north  of  Paris,  Kentuek.y,  which  is 
standing  today,  almost  if  not  iiuite  90  years 
of  age.     (See  cuts  Nos.  198  and  199.) 

As  he  was  a  millwright  and  a  woodworker, 
this  bridge  building  ability  is  very  uncommon, 
and  it  would  be  strange  today  to  think  of  a 
millwright  building  a  bridge.  But  why  not? 
My  uncles  Joseph  and  Samuel  were  exceptional 
iueehanies ;  they  were  millwrights,  wheel- 
wrights, and  any  other  kind  of  a  wright  where 
mechanical  wood  work  was  concerned.  I  have 
seen  one  or  two  tiller  wheels  made  by  them 
for  steering  steamboats.  They  certainly  were 
exceptional  mechanics  even  in  those  days ;  both 
were  honorable  men  and  filled  a  place  in  their 
time,  and  their  children  and  de.:cendants  to- 
day, and  their  grandchildren  as  well  as  their 
grandchildren's  children,  may  well  be  proud 
of  them. 


UNCLE  JOSEPH  WILLIAMS  TO  HIS 
INTENDED   WIFE 

Note  that  it  took  a  week  in  those  days  for 
a  letter  to  go  from  Paris.  Ky.,  to  Barnesville, 
Ohio,  about  250  miles.  Their  marriage  took 
place,  June  18,  1835. 

This  letter  is  85  years  old,  and  was  addressed 
to  Miss  Sarah  W.  Mitchell,  N.  Paris,  Bourbon 
Countv,  Kv. 


■Barnesville,  Belmont  Co.,  Ohio, 


January  27,  1835. 


Respected  Miss : 


I  have  the  extreme  pleasure  of  informing  you 
of  the  reception  of  your  letter  by  yesterday's 
mail,  it  having  been  mailed  on  the  19th  inst.. 
which  shows  that  it  came  in  due  course  of  time, 
which  if  it  had  been  detained  on  the  way,  as 
they  frequentl,y  have  been,  it  would  have  given 
me  great  uneasiness,  as  I  was  waiting  with 
interest,  even  anxiety,  for  the  reception  of 
yours,  as  I  considered  my  happiness  or  misery 
entirely  depending  en  your  determination  on 
the  subject,  that  has  and  yet  does  claim  oiir 
attention,  which  I  sincerely  hope  may  ever  be 
the  case,  until  the  day  ma_y  arrive  which  will 
determine  my  sincerity  by  a  confirmation  of 
the  same.  I  may  assure  _you  that  I  have  expe- 
rienced much  uneasiness,  J  may  say  beyond  my 
ability  to  expre 'S  by  words. 

"Since  I  received  a  letter  from  .vcu  which 
arrived  here  in  a  few  days  after  my  arrival  at 
home,  and  after  I  had  written  to  you,  which  I 
answered  immediately;  the  same  you  have  not 
received,  I  suppose  when  you  wrote  to  me 
last,  in  fact  it  had  not  time  to  come  to  hand 
against  the  time  that  you  wrote.  At  the  same 
time  it  gave  me  great  satisfaction,  as  it  is  a 
decided  evidence  of  your  sincerity  towards 
me,  which  I  never  have  had  the  least  reason 
to  doubt  at  any  former  period.  I  say  that  it 
heightened  you  in  ray  estimation  beyond  ex- 
pression, which  was  unnecessary,  as  you  before 
stood  in  higher  estimation  with  me  than  any 
person  that  I  ever  before  saw,  which  you  no 
doubt  understood  from  ray  language  when  with 
you.  I  believe  you  when  you  say  that  you 
would  not  have  neglected  me  as  I  did  you 
under  any  circumstances  whatever. 


(3)   JOSEPH    WILLIAMS    AND    FAMILY 


Cut  No.  S7 — Uncle  Joseph  Williams  and  Family. 


THE  WILLIAMS  HISTORY 


UNCLE  JOSEPH  WILLIAMS  AND  FAMILY. 


L     Joseph  Williams,  born  March  10,  1805;  died  Jan.  22,  1891. 

2.     Sarah  Wright  Mitchell  Williams,  born  Jan.  8,  1808;  died  Dec.  19,  1888. 

-i.     Martha  Williams-Starbuck,  born  Jnly  28,   1836;   died  Ang.    16,   1911. 
(Married  Robert   Starbuck.) 

4.  Josephine  B.  Williams-Baggs,  born  Nov.  16,  1837;  died  March  27,   1901. 

(Married  Jaines  T.  Baggs.) 

5.  Sarah  Elizaljeth  Williams-Baggs,  born  July  23,  1840;  died  June  24,  1864. 

(Married  Andrew  J.  Baggs.) 

6.  William  Henry  Harrison  Williams,  born  Feb.  28,  1843 ;  died  May  7,  1845. 

7.  Ruth  Rebecca  Williams-McKinney,  born  March  29,  1845 ;  died  Sept.  1,  1917. 

(Married  William  S.  McKinney.) 

8.  Virginia  Hamilton  Williams-Bedel,  born  Feb.  18,  1850;  died  Oct.  18,  1887. 

(Married  Mahlon  Bedel.) 


GKANDPATHER  WILLIAMS'  SAWMILL 


■'I  thank  you  for  forgiving  me  for  the  tres- 
pass that  I  eominitted  towards  you,  which  I 
feel  incapable  of  ever  obviating  to  my  entire 
satisfaction,  although  you  have  tendered  to  me 
your  forgiveness  for  the  same,  for  which  I 
shall  feel  ever  grateful  to  you. 

"I  beg  of  you  to  entirely  eradicate  the  idea 
that  it  was  an  intentional  neglect  towards  you, 
as  I  would  consider  it  an  unpardonable  sin  in 
me  to  in  the  least  degree  neglect  you,  or  act 
in  a  way  that  would  have  the  least  tendency 
to  injure  your  feelings ;  as  the  past  has  taught 
me  a  lesson  that  I  shall  never  forget,  while  I 
am  permitted  to  remain  on  earth  and  among 
men.  You  must  excuse  me  for  saying  so  much 
on  the  subject,  as  I  am  constrained  by  my  feel- 
ings to  say  what  I  have  said  on  the  subject. 

"Your  letters  shall  be  promptly  attended  to 
hereafter,  and  it  is  my  particular  reijuest  for 
us  to  keep  up  a  lively  correspondence,  as  it  is 
the  next  thing  to  being  in  each  other's  society. 
I  have  to  give  you  information  that  it  will  be 
out  of  my  power  to  see  you  before  (forgive  me) 
the  first  of  April  next,  as  I  am  now  eng-aged  in 
btiildingf  a  saw  mill  for  my  father,  wliich  will 
continue  all  the  time  between  now  and  then ; 
and  the  distance  between  us  being  consider- 
able it  seems  indispensibly  necessary  for  rae 
to  get  through  before  I  leave  here.  I  may  state 
that  my  father's  family  are  now  enjoying 
pretty  good  health,  which  is  the  case  with  my- 
self. 

"You  will  please  write  on  the  reception  of 
this,  as  I  shall  be  looking  for  one  in  due  season 
after  this  has  had  time  to  arrive. 

"I  wish  you  much  great  success  in  the  ex- 
cursion that  yon  mention. 

With  much  respect  I  remain,  yours, 

JOSEPH  WILLIAMS." 


This  letter  was  received  on  the  23d  day  of 
March,  1920,  from  Mary  Walling,  my  second 
cousin,  and  the  wife  of  Arthur  Walling,  of 
Bridgeport,  Belmont  Co.,  Ohio. 

This  letter  was  written  by  Uncle  Joseph 
Williams,  my  father's  eldest  brother,  after  they 
had  finished  the  turn  pike  and  the  bridges  on 
the  turnpike  from  Zanesville,  Ohio,  to  Flor- 
ence, Alabama. 

And  this  very  letter  commemorates  two  other 
important  incidents  in  our  history.  I  have 
often  wondered,  but  always  supposed  that 
Uncle  Joseph  Williams  and  Uncle  Samuel  B. 
Williams  built  Grandfather  Williams'  saw  mill 
down  on  a  little  creek  called  "Sixteen,"'  which 
I  suppose  was  in  township  sixteen,  in  Belmont 
County. 

When  I  was  a  lad,  I  have  been  at  this  saw 
mill  before  I  was  five  years  of  age,  time  and 
time  again,  which  saw  mill  is  described  in  the 
history  by  an  imaginary  picture  of  the  saw 
mill,  close  by  Gi'andfather  Williams'  house. 

But  when  I  was  in  Ohio  five  years  ago  last 
August  1  visited  this  place,  and  there  was 
nothing  to  be  seen  of  the  mill  but  the  tail  race. 


THE  OLDEST  NEWSPAPER  IN  KENTUCKY 

This  clipping  of  the  Kentuckian-Citizen, 
Paris,  Kentucky,  under  date  of  Saturday, 
March  13,  1920,  was  sent  me  by  Miss  Maiy 
Louise  Williams,  the  oldest  daughter  of  Benja- 
min F.  Williams  and  Rebecca  Ward,  of  Paris, 
Ky.  It  is  of  interest  because  my  great  uncle, 
John  Shoebridge  Williams,  laid  out  this  turn- 
pike, and  my  uncle,  Joseph  Williams,  built 
many  of  the  bridges  along  the  route. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


THE  KENTUCKIAN-CITIZEN,  PARIS,  KY. 

BRUCE  MILLER,  Publisher 


One   Year ....- $2.00         Six  Months.. 


.$1.00 


The  Western  Citizen.... Established  1807 

The  True  Kentuckian Established  1866 

(Consolidated  Sept.  1,  1886.) 

Established  1807 — 113  Years  of  Continuous  Publication. 

(Oldest  Newspaper  in  Kentucky.) 

Published  Every  Wednesday   and   Saturday 

The  Kentucky  Herald    (Paris) ...1797 

(Approved  March,  1797,  by  the  Legislature  as  medium  for  official  publi- 
cations.    Name  changed  1807  to  W^estern  Citizen.) 

Entered  at  Postoffice  at  Pai'is,  Kentucky,  as  mail  matter  of  the  second  class. 


STAGE  COACHES  IN  KENTUCKY. 

(By  R.  S.  Porter) 


A  news  item  in  the  daily  papers  recently 
telling  of  the  removal  of  one  lone  tollgate  in 
the  northern  part  of  Indiana  recalls  the 
removal  of  these  tollgates  from  the  turnpikes 
of  the  State  several  years  ago,  some  removed 
by  order  of  the  courts  and  others  chopped 
down  at  midnight  by  bands  of  raiders,  and  also 
brings  to  mind  memories  of  coaching  and  stag- 
ing through  Kentucky  in  antebellum  days. 

The  first  macadamized  road  in  the  South  was 
surveyed  by  order  of  the  Secretary  of  War 
from  Zanesville,  0.,  to  Florence,  Ala.,  and  the 
work  of  building  it  was  begun  in  1829  at  Mays- 
ville,  Ky.,  the  road  being  extended  to  Lexing- 
ton by  private  individual  subscriptions,  though 
the  State  paid  .$212,000,  one-half  of  the  entire 
cost  of  the  road. 


In  1830  Congress  passed  a  bill  appropriating 
$150,000  to  aid  the  enterprise,  but  President 
Jackson  vetoed  the  measure.  This  turnpike, 
however,  was  called  the  National  Road,  and 
was  used  by  the  stage  coaches  in  carrying  mail, 
passengers  and  baggage,  and  by  private  car- 
riages carrying  notables  to  the  National 
Capilal. 

Along  this  road  may  still  be  seen  a  number 
of  iron  mile  posts,  bearing  the  insei'iptious  of 
Zanesville,  Maysville,  Paris,  Lexington  and 
Floi'ence.  It  is  told  that  once  when  President 
Jac'k;;cn  was  passing  over  this  road  in  his 
private  carriage,  en  route  to  Washington,  his 
driver  made  some  inquiry  regarding  the  direc- 
tion at  a  point  whei-e  two  roads  crossed,  and 
was  purposely  sent  the  wrong  way.    The  Presi- 


NOTABLE  STAGE  COACH  PASSENGERS 


dent's  driver  went  several  miles  before  the  mis- 
take was  discovered,  and  General  Jackson  was 
much  annoyed  and  angered  over  the  occur- 
rence. This  was  before  Congress  voted  the 
appropriation  to  aid  in  building  the  National 
Road,  and  probably  accounts  for  the  later  veto 
of  the  measure. 

The  stage  coaches  of  those  days  were  capa- 
cious vehicles,  carrying  about  twenty-five 
pieces  of  baggage  and  about  two  dozen  passen- 
gers-twelve inside  and  twelve  on  top-the  oiit- 
side  seats  being  in  demand  in  summer,  that  the 
traveler  might  better  view  the  beautiful  coun- 
try through  which  the  road  ran.  The  coaches 
were  drawn  by  four  and  sometimes  six  spii'ited 
horses  of  splendid  size,  which  were  changed 
every  eight  miles  at  regular  stations.  Often 
red  plumes  would  be  placed  on  the  head  of  each 
horse,  adding  to  the  picturesque  appearance, 
and  the  arrival  of  the  stage  at  each  station  on 
summer  days  was  a  notable  event,  which 
always  called  forth  the  villagers  to  watch  the 
travelers  alight  and  depart. 

The  drivers  of  the  stages  were  in  a  special 
class,  possessing  firmness  of  character  as  well 
as  great  physical  strength.  Of  the  drivers  who 
made  regular  trips  through  Kentucky  may  be 
mentioned  Bob  Goodrich,  Alexander  Winans, 
Joe  Mays,  Isaac  Brown,  Will  Darby,  Frank 
Parker,  George  Pierce,  Jim  Brown.  Jack  Hook, 
John  Griffith,  George  Laws  and  Joe  Smith.  All 
of  them  have  long  since  passed  to  their  reward, 
but  have  left  behind  them  many  descendants 
to  perpetuate  their  names. 

Jack  Hook  and  John  Griffith  were  residents 
of  Paris.  The  formei"  was  known  in  his  day  as 
the  best  judge  of  horseflesh  in  Kentucky. 
Though  small  of  stature,  he  was  a  perfect  giant 
in  strength,  which  lie  used  to  good  advantage 
on  belligerent  passengers.  John  Griffith  was 
a  typical  Kentuckian  in  size,  being  six  feet 
three  inches,  and  weighing  285  pounds.  He 
was  noted  for  his  remarkable  .strength,  and  on 
one  occasion  when  his  stage  was  overturned  he 
righted  it  without  assistance.  On  several  occa- 
sions he  put  trouble;oiiie  and  intoxicated  pas- 


sengers out  of  the  stage  and  drove  off,  leaving 
them  standing  by  the  roadside. 

One  of  the  stage  lines  was  owned  by  Maj. 
Henry  Johnson,  brother  of  Vice  President 
Richard  Johnson,  who  is  said  to  have  lost 
$50,000  in  the  business  when  an  opposition  line 
was  started.  James  G.  Blaine,  who  was  then 
a  teacher  in  Johnson's  Military  School  at  Blue 
Lick  Springs,  was  a  passenger  every  fortnight, 
going  to  Millersburg  to  call  on  his  fiancee,  Miss 
Stanhope,  whom  he  afterward  married.  Miss 
Stanhope  was  at  that  time  a  teacher  in  John- 
son's Female  College  at  Millersburg,  Bourbon 
County. 

Tlie  most  noted  stopping  places  for  the 
stages  in  Kentucky  were  the  Phoenix  Hotel 
in  Lexington,  the  Paris  and  Bourbon  Hotels 
in  Paris,  Col.  Jack  Throckmorton's  Hotel  near 
Millersburg,  and  the  hotel  at  Blue  Lick 
Springs.  On  one  occasion  when  Henr.y  Clay, 
John  Harlan  and  several  other  distinguished 
SoutliciMU'i's  wci-e  on  route  to  Washington,  they 
got  out  <  f  the  stage  to  stretch  their  legs,  per- 
haps, and  went  into  the  inn  at  Blue  Lick 
Springs  while  the  horses  wore  being  changed. 
They  lingered  a  low  moments  longer  than 
pleased  Pierce,  an  irritable  South  Carolinian, 
who  drove  off  flud  left  them.  Mr.  Clay  and  his 
friends  hired  a  private  carriage  and  drove  six 
miles  before  they  overtook  the  stage.  Mr.  Clay 
gave  Pierce  a  stinging  rebuke,  but  he  and  Har- 
lan continued  the  journey  with  him. 

A  short  time  afterwai'd  Mr.  Clay  was  again 
Pierce's  passenger  coming  from  Washington, 
and  was  given  the  most  courteous  attention 
throughout  the  journey.  This  time  the  famous 
statesman  was  giving  public  dinners  at  Mays- 
ville,  Millersburg,  Paris  and  Lexington,  stop- 
ping a  day  at  each  place,  and  receiving  hearty 
welcome  at  each  point. 

There  \vas  much  suppressed  excitement  along 
the  line  when  Santa  Anna  was  being  taken  in 
a  coach  through  Kentucky  to  Washington,  due 
to  the  massacre  of  Kentucky  soldiers  by  the 
General's  troops,  and  a  few  outspoken  persons 
showed  him  but  scant  courtesy.    Genei'al  Santa 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Anna  stopped  overnight  at  Colonel  Throck- 
morton's inn  near  Millersburg,  and  the  next 
morning  when  the  stage  was  ready  to  continue 
its  journey,  the  famous  Mexican  soldier  had 
not  arisen. 

"Where's  Santa  Anna?"  inquired '  Driver 
Darby. 

' '  The  General  is  yet  asleep, ' '  said  one  of  the 
Mexican  attendants,  "and  he  never  permits 
anyone  to  awaken  him." 

"Damn  Santa  Anna,"  said  Darby,  "the 
United  States  mail  don't  wait  for  anybody," 
and  with  that  Darby  kicked  on  the  General's 
door  until  Santa  Anna  arose  from  his  bed.  He 
was  then  hurried  into  the  stage  without  being 
given  an  opportunity  to  eat  his  breakfast. 

Jefferson  Davis,  the  President  of  the  Con- 
federacy, was  often  a  passenger  over  the  stage 
lines,  and  frequently  stopped  over  in  Paris  to 
see  his  niece,  Mrs.  Jane  Alexander,  and  also 
at  Blue  Lick  Springs  to  recuperate  lys  health 
at  that  fashionable  Southern  resort.  Hugh 
Davis,  a  nephew  of  the  illustrious  Confederate, 
once  fought  a  duel  at  Blue  Lick  Springs,  M'ith 
one  of  Aaron  Burr's  dueling  pistols,  which  was 
loaned  him  for  the  affair.  During  one  of  Jef- 
ferson Davis'  visits  at  this  watering  place  he 
witnessed  Ben  Johnson  of  Mississippi  and  a 
party  of  Southerners  amuse  themselves  by 
pitching  twenty  dollar  gold  pieces  at  a  crack 
in  the  floor— the  gentleman  whose  coin  fell 
nearest  the  crack  winning  all. 

Other  distinguished  men  who  were  stage 
passengers  to  Blue  Lick  Springs  were  Gen. 
Winfield  Scott,  Gen.  John  R.  Wood  and  Sur- 
geon Gen.  Lawson,  who  came  to  Kentucky  to 
acquire  the  Blue  Lick  Springs  for  the  United 
States  Government  with  the  view  of  convert- 
ing the  property  into  a  military  hospital.  The 
deal  was  not  consummated,  however,  and  the 
Harrodsburg  springs  were  purchased  instead. 
General  Scott,  on  one  of  his  trips,  stopped  over 
at  the  Bourbon  Fair  in  Paris  (and  made  a 
speech  in  behalf  of  his  candidacy  for  Presi- 
dent).    Daniel  Webster  was   another  famous 


passenger  who  once  came  to  Paris  to  make  a 
speech  at  one  of  the  barbecues  which  had  made 
this  section  famous  for  its  hospitality. 

The  last  stage  coach  to  be  run  regularly  in 
Kentucky  made  trips  between  Cave  City  and 
the  Mammoth  Cave  before  the  cave  was  con- 
nected with  the  outside  world  by  a  railroad. 
This  stage  was  held  up  several  times  by  high- 
waymen, once,  it  is  alleged,  by  the  famous 
James  bi'others  of  Missouri.  The  late  Colonel 
John  Givens  Craddock,  for  many  years  famous 
throughout  Central  Kentucky  and  the  adjoin- 
ing states  as  the  editor  of  the  Paris  True  Ken- 
tuckian,  now  the  Kentuckian-Citizen,  was  once 
a  victim  of  the  highwaymen,  and  to  the  day  of 
his  death  mourned  the  loss  of  a  valuable  watch 
presented  to  him  by  his  mother,  which  the  high- 
waymen relieved  him  of  on  one  of  his  trips  on 
the  stage. 

The  distance  between  the  points  made  by 
the  stage  was  ten  miles  over  a  rough  and  hilly 
road,  and  nearly  half  a  day  was  required  to 
make  the  trip.  The  road  was  so  steep  and 
rough  in  several  places  that  for  their  safety 
passengers  often  climbed  out  of  the  coach  and 
walked  up  or  down  the  dangerous  hills.  Once 
on  level  road  there  was  a  scrambling  among 
the  passengers  for  places  of  vantage  on  top  of 
the  stage. 

But  that  was  many  years  ago.  Until  a  few 
years  ago  modern  coaching  parties  were  still 
fashionable  in  the  Bluegrass.  Now  the  familiar 
crack  of  the  whip  and  cheery  shouts  of  the 
driver  have  given  away  to  the  honk  of  the 
automobile  horn,  and  the  journey  which  in  the 
days  of  the  stage  took  several  days  to  accom- 
plish are  now  made  within  as  many  hours. 


MY   UNCLE  SAMUEL  B.  WILLIAMS 

Cut  No.  202  shows  one  of  my  father's  bi-otli- 
ers,  Samuel  B.  Williams,  a  millwright  and 
natural  inventor,  who  served  for  many  years 
at  mill  building,  and  later  from  necessity  in- 
vented what  he  called  a  self-lifting  elevator  or 


MY  UNCLE  SAMUEL  B.  WILLIAMS 


one-person  elevator.  This  elevator  had  quite 
a  number  of  advantages,  and  naturally  some 
disadvantages. 


elevator ;  if  it  were  too  heavy  with  the  elevator 
and  its  load,  he  or  she  immediately  rolled  off 
into  a  receiving  box  sufficient  weights  in  disc 


Williams,   mv   father's   brother 


A  person  steps  upon  the  platform  of  the 
elevator  when  it  is  on  a  lower  floor,  and  by 
pulling  upon  a  rope,  tried  the  balance  of  said 


form,  until  they  had  attained  their  equilibrium ; 
then  when  the  perfect  balance  had  been 
attained  or  nearly  so,  up  it  would  go  to  either 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


floor  without  practically  any  exertion  on  the 
part  of  the  operator,  as  it  could  be  made  a  per- 
fect poise,  or  balance,  except  say  five  pounds 
pulling. 

The  same  way  in  descending,  a  two  hundred 
pound  man  would  land  at  the  second  floor  and 
a  75-pound  child  could  immediately  get  upon 
said  elevator  platform  and  if  they  understood 
the  balancing  by  the  adjustable  weights  they 
would  not  descend  any  faster  than  they  would 
ascend.  In  this  respect  it  was  a  very  unique 
and  a  necessary  adjunct  to  a  family  where 
there  were  cripples  who  wished  to  travel  from 
one  floor  to  another.  At  one  time  he  came  to 
St.  Louis,  and  installed  one  in  our  office  depart- 
ment, which  was  in  use  for  many  years. 

This  cut  (No.  202)  shows  his  demonstration 
at  the  Omaha  Exposition  at  Omaha,  Neb.,  in 
1898.  I  received  the  half-tone  from  C.  W.  Ris- 
ley,  of  1225  Arbor  Drive,  San  Diego,  California. 
I  consider  this  a  valuable  piece  of  history,  as 
it  commemorates  the  greatest  event  and  the 
pride  of  S.  B.  Williams,  the  invcjitor  of  the  one- 
person  elevator. 

This  elevator,  Juiwevei',  lacked  the  qualifica- 
tions of  being  a  universal  hoist  for  this  reason : 
Suppose  that  a  200-pound  man  or  woman  ele- 
vate themselves  by  their- own  efforts,  by  pulling 
say  five  pounds  weight,  and  if  it  were  possible 
should  thej^  go  to  the  tenth  story  and  go  about 
their  business,  and  then  a  100-pound  person 
would  come  to  the  hatchway  and  wish  to 
descend,  he  would  adjust  the  weight  and 
down  he  would  go  to  the  bottom  floor,  and  thus 
leave  the  200-pound  man  high  and  dry  on  the 
tenth  floor,  and  his  only  recourse  M'ould  be  to 
walk  down  the  stairway. 

I,  as  a  practical  business  mechanic,  pointed 
out  this  fault  to  my  dear  old  uncle;  he  took  it 
with  good  heart  and  replied:  "Milton,  I  will 
get  around  that  trouble,"  and  later  he  did,  he 
got  up  a  gearing  device  for  the  head  of  the  ele- 
vator, brought  it  to  St.  Louis  and  installed  it. 

Then  it  was  a  pleasure  to  operate  said  Uni- 
versal  elevator   or   one-man  lift,   as  they   are 


called  in  Europe.  We  used  his  latest  inven- 
tion until  we  made  changes  in  our  plant  and 
discarded  the  elevator  entirely,  and  installed 
power  elevators.  S.  B.  Williams  was  a  great 
mechanic ;  he  could  conceive  or  devise  almost 
any  piece  of  mechanism. 

S.  B.  Williams  served  his  purpose  in  his 
time,  and  had  he  been  dominated  by  M.  P. 
Williams,  the  author  of  this  history,  he  could 
luive  become  a  millionaii-e. 

He  did  not  understand  how  to  commercialize 
his  inventions.  I  could  have  taken  his  elevator 
and  made  money  out  of  it.  He  installed  several 
in  St.  liouis,  one  or  two  in  New  Orleans  and 
other  places,  but  the  officers  of  the  company 
^vhich  he  formed  at  Lima,  Ohio,  were  not  mon- 
eyed people  and  did  not  have  back  of  them  the 
proper  push  to  make  a  business  go. 

Many  ycai's  earlier  in  his  life,  he  invented  a 
smut  machine.  He  and  his  brother  Joseph  man- 
ufactured a  few  upon  Wheeling  Island  in  a 
building  or  shop  which  they  built  for  the  pur- 
pose; but  he  loved  his  trade  so  well  tliat  he 
iu'efcrrcd  to  stick  to  his  trade. 

Had  M.  F.  Williams  developed  the  same  as 
he  has  done  in  his  later  years,  he  could  have 
fathered  S.  B.  Williams'  Smut  Machine  or 
Grain  Cleaning  Machine,  and  worked  up  a 
large  business. 

Joseph  Williams  and  Samuel  B.  Williams 
were  splendid  mechanics,  but  not  being  pos- 
sessed of  business  acumen  necessary  to  buildup 
a  large  business,  they  as  business  men  are  not 
known  today ;  that  part  of  their  make-up  was 
a  failui-c. 

At  one  time  they  built  a  saw  mill  in  Martin's 
Perry,  Ohio.  My  uncle  S.  B.  Williams  invested 
a  ten  thousand  dollar  farm  in  the  saw  mill. 
Uncle  Joseph  invested  nearly  all  of  his  means, 
as  well  as  that  of  his  wife,  and  the  saw  mill 
failed  because  they  had  gone  up  the  Allegheny 
and  Monongahela  rivers,  purchased  pine  logs 
by  the  thousand  of  dollars  worth,- and  they  had 
not  an  efficient  way  of  booming  these  logs ;  the 


THEEE  BROTHERS  IN  BUSINESS 


river  rose  rapidly  and  away  went  their  log- 
rafts,  and  the  best  laid  plans  of  both  men  and 
mice  gang  aglee. 

In  this  particular  instance  the  elements  were 
against  them;  had  they  had  a  suitable  bayou 
or  backwater  pond,  now  in  the  west  called  a 
"slough,"  they  would  have  made  a  success  of 
the  sawmill. 

They  were  both  men  of  sterling  qualities, 
they  were  men  who  would  spend  their  last 
dollar  to  pay  their  indebtedness ;  had  they  both 
been  more  avaricious  for  money  getting  they 
would  have  prospered  more  conspicuously  and 
have  left  more  luei'e  to  their  children. 

In  another  part  of  this  history  it  has  been 
set  forth  how  the  three  brothers,  Joseph,  Sam- 


uel and  Robert,  my  father,  entered  into  a  mill- 
ing proposition  and  built  a  saw  mill,  a  grist- 
mill, a  drying  house,  carding  establishment, 
and  started  a  store  in  the  mill  building  at 
Baresville,  Ohio,  now  called  Hannibal,  Ohio. 
They  sent  to  Switzerland  and  emploj'ed  a  store 
keeper,  as  nearly  all  of  their  customers  were 
Switzers,  but  this  entei-prise  failed  and  they 
went  into  bankruptcy,  but  with  the  energy  of 
these    three    brothers'^  they    started    life    over 


The  same  old  Welsh  indomitable  will  was 
shown  by  these  relatives  of  mine,  as  I  have  had 
to  draw  on  and  use  continually  in  building  up 
my  business  that  will  now  be  set  forth  in  Part 
IV. 


END  OF  PART  III. 


THE  WILLIAMS  HISTORY 


PART  FOUR 


BUSINESS    SECTION 


THE  SUCCESSFUL  MAN 

The  successful  man  is  the  one  who  doesn't  claim 
to  "know  it  all."  He  is  the  executive  who  is  not 
afraid  of  gathering  about  him  a  staff  of  brainy 
workers,  some  of  whom  know,  perhaps,  better  than 
he,  how  to  run  some  part  of  the  business  or  govern- 
ment. 

He  is  the  one  who  allows  his  subordinates  to  work 
out  the  details — and  mark  ye.  for  this  is  the  important 
point — and  gives  them  credit,  private  and  public,  for 
so  doing. 

He  is  the  big  man.  the  man  of  broad  vision,  who 
will  remain  cool  and  collected  through  any  period  of 
depression,  or  financial  setback,  that  may  come. 

Emulate  him.     It  is  hard  to  do. 

Cut  No.  208  entitled  "Father  and  the  Boys'" 
is  ffom  a  photo  taken  in  1910, — father  was  then 
()4  years  of  age;  M.  J.  Williams  was  33  years 
of  ase;  Arthur  F.  Williams.  31  years;  ;>.  J. 
Williams,  26  years  of  age, — all  engaged  in  the 
business.  'SI.  J.  Williams  living  in  Chicago, 
Oliver  Williams  in  San  Francisco,  and  Arthur 
F.  WilliMius  at  the  home  oftiee  in  St.  Louis. 

The  territoi'y  of  the  United  States  and  for- 
eign country  is  divided  between  the  three 
Williams  boys  and  their  suh-agcnis. 

A.  F.  Williams  is  Vice-President,  and  also 
for  sevci'a!  years  has  t)een  our  financial  i-epre- 
sentative  and  has  attended  to  this  duty,  we 
think,  to  much  better  advantage  than  his  pred- 
ece.'^sor,  being  in  close  touch  with  the  busi- 
ness, with  the  selling,  with  the  finances,  as  well 
as  the  manufacturing  end,  which  he  has  re- 
cently taken  up,  in  1917.  We  consider  that 
the  business  end  is  closely  watched  and  looked 
after,  and  conserved  to  much  better  advan- 
tage than  it  ever  has  been  pi'eviously. 

M.  F.  Williams,  the  President,  has  not  yet 
stepped  down  and  out,  but  still  exercises 
vigilance  in  constituting  himself  an  advisory 
board  about   mattcT's  which    are    of  sufficient 


importance  to  look  after  their  welfare, — most 
particularly  in  looking  after  new  devices  and 
the  cutting  of  corners  for  facilitating  the  man- 
ufacture of  our  wares  with  the  least  possible 
expense,  along  with  the  assistance  of  Mr.  Wil- 
liam M.  Davidson,  in  naming  labor-saving  tools, 
up-to-date  tools,  and  high-priced  tools.  The 
members  of  our  company  consider  them- 
selves now  upon  the  road  to  prosperity 
in  their  twenty-first  year,  in  which  year 
they  have  Iniilt  a  four-story  concrete  buildiug, 
equipped  it  with  the  latest  labor-saving  de- 
vices; they  have  e(iuipped  an  addition  to  our 
forging  shop  in  the  same  manner.  They  have 
e(|uipped  and  filled  the  second  warehouse, 
which  is  full  1(1  l!ic  liriiii  and  overflowing,  and 
wc  can  now  sec  the  romii  foi'  the  third  ware- 
house. Thus  in  our  21st  year  (1917)  our  im- 
provements have  amounted  to  over  $100,000, 
roughly  speaking,  all  of  which  is  paid  for,  and 
in  addition  wc  have  declared  two  dividends  of 
12  :  and  the  thiixl  one  in  sight,  before  the  year 
1917  cuds. 

Iiicideutall_y  remarking,  M.  J.  Williams,  the 
oldest  son,  of  Chicago,  will  have  sold  since  he 
has  lioeu  in  Chicago  over  $2,000,000  of  Williams 
product.  A.  F.  Williams  has  done  ecjually  as 
well  during  his  administration  as  a  salesman. 

Oliver  Julian  Williams,  the  youngest  son, 
born  March  4th,  1884,  is  now  (1917)  in  his 
ninth  year  in  California.  His  present  office 
and  warehouse  is  at  67  Second  St.,  San  Fran- 
cisco. During  his  administration  on  the  Pa- 
cific Coast  he  has  sold  hundreds  of  crushers 
and  grinders.  In  the  ci'ushing  and  grinding 
line  he  is  known  as  being  paramount,  is  looked 
upon  as  an  authority,  and  has  sold  more  than 
double  the  fpiantity  of  crushers  and  grinders 
for  our  class  of  work  than  all  the  other  firms 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


put  together  on  the  Pacific  Coast;  and  to  his 
credit,  on  the  Pacific  Coast  and  several  foreign 
countries,  can  be  named  several  hundred  thou- 
sand dollars'  worth  of  sales.  While  he  is  the 
youngest  in  the  line  of  the  Williams  family,  he 
has  handled  the  business  to  good  advantage, 
with  credit  to  himself  and  that  of  his  com- 
panj'.  His  predecessor,  Harry  Partridge  by 
name,  who  handled  our  line  on  the  Pacific  Coast 


Cisco,  where  our  Mr.  0.  J.  Williams  had  his 
office,  he  remarked  to  me  when  I  was  about  to 
leave :  ' '  Father,  would  you  like  to  meet  Harry 
Partridge's  brother?"  I  said,  "Most  assuredly 
I  would."  He  took  me  up  two  or  three  floors 
and  introduced  me  to  Harry  Partridge's  broth- 
er, and  there  I  met  another  brother,  who  came 
to  bid  the  present  brother  good-by,  as  he  was 
sailing  for  Australia;   and  both  the  brothers 


Cut  No.  203— Father  and  the  boys — taken 


for  about  seven  years,  and  whom  none  of  us 
had  ever  seen  when  the  earthquake  and  fire 
came  in  San  Francisco,  was  found  drowned  in 
an  irrigating  ditch  at  Bakersfield,  Calif. 

MY  FIRST  VISIT  TO  CALIFORNIA 

In  the  year  1909,  upon  my  first  visit  to  Cali- 
fornia, in  the  Monadnock  Bldg.,  in  San  Fran- 


chimed  in  and  made  the  remark:  "Wasn't  it 
unfortunate  that  our  brother  Harry  was  a 
drunkard!"  I  replied:  "Gentlemen.  I  did  not 
know  about  it."  They  Avere  surprised  that  I 
did  not  know.  I  said:  "Gentlemen,  I  will  an- 
swer you  as  Abraham  Lincoln  answered  the 
ladies  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  faith  who  went  to 
Washington  and  wanted  to  talk  to  Mr.  Lincoln 
about  General  Grant's  drinking  habits.     His- 


OUR  COMPANY  TRADE-MARK 


tory  states  that  Lincoln  replied  as  follows: 
'Ladies,  with  all  due  respect  to  temperance, 
would  to  God  that  all  of  our  Generals  were  as 
bad  as  Ulysses  S.  Grant.  I  mean  by  that, 
ladies,  that  he  is  the  best  General  the  Northern 
Army  possesses' — and  I  likewise  mean  that  if 
Harry  Partridge  was  a  drunkard,  would  to 
God  that  we  had  fifty  men  like  Harry  Par- 
tridge." 

He  was  the  straightest  man  to  do  business 
with  in  the  way  of  an  agent  that  we  had  upon 
our  books,  and  justice  be  to  him  who  merits 
justice. 


We  use  it  in  three  sizes  as  shown  in  cuts  No. 
204,  205  and  206. 

While  0.  J.  Williams'  territory  is  not  half  as 
good  as  that  of  his  two  brothers  on  the  account 
of  the  scattered  manufacturing  centers  of  the 
Pacific  Coast,  it  is  constantly  growing,  and  his 
office  of  usefulness  each  succeeding  year  far 
overlaps  each  preceding  year,  as  he  is  also 
surrounded  with  a  very  respectable  coterie  or 
nucleus  of  sub-agents.  It  may  be  possible  that 
when  he  has  so  administered  to  the  Pacific 
Coast  in  a  manner  in  which  it  will  be  safe  to 


The  Williams  Patent  Crusher  &  Pulverizer 
Co.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  U.  S.  A.,  today  is  indebted 
to  Harry  Partridge  for  their  trade  mark.  He, 
Mr.  Harry  Partridge,  had  great  respect  for 
M.  F.  Williams,  and  always  felt  as  though  he 
should  bestow  upon  me  something  worthy  in 
answer  to  a  debt  of  gratitude.  So  along  came 
a  tramp  engraver.  Harry  Pai-fridge  had  him 
draw  our  ti-ade  mark,  sent  it  to  me  as  a  present, 
stated  he  had  paid  the  ti'amp  $5.00  for  it.  I 
immediately  mailed  Harry  Partridge  a  check 
for  $25.00  for  his  kindness,  and  this  trade  mark 
as  we  show  above  is  famous  the  world  over. 


call   him   East, 
in  a  different 


greater  efforts  to  con<iuer, 
possilily  this  may  be  done. 


Suff'ice  it  to  say  at  this  juncture  that  the 
three  Williams  boys  had  hardly  a  common 
school  education.  Their  father  didn't  even 
have  half  of  a  common  school  education,  except 
that  which  he  ac(iuired  from  the  business 
world.  A.  P.  Williams  and  O.  J.  Williams  were 
sent  to  a  Commercial  College  and  to  a  Steno- 
graphic School,  while  M.  J.  Williams  did  not 
even  have  this  advantage,  as  he  was  very 
anxious  to  get  out  into  the  world  of  usefulness 
upon  his  own  account. 


THE    WELLIAMS    HISTORY 


To  (|uote  the  old  moss  covered  book  written 
ill  the  days  of  yore,  it  is  said  that  Noah  said 
liiito  his  three  sons — Shem,  Ham  and  Jap- 
heth — "Now,  boys,  go  forth  into  the  world  and 
each  make  your  mark."  I  likewise  said  unto 
my  three  sons:  "Boys,  go  forth  and  bring  the 
answer,  and  don't  either  of  you  come  back 
until  you  have  brought  an  answer  worth  com- 
puting."    (However,  they  did  not  go  all  at  one 


Williams  has  been  paid  for  his  services  per- 
haps an  equal  amount.  O.  J.  Williams,  while 
he  is  much  younger  in  the  business,  has  also 
been  paid  a  respectable  amount,  which  is  grow- 
ing each  succeeding  year.  Each  Williams  son, 
each  year  draws  a  greater  salary  from  their 
commissions  several  times  over  than  their 
father,  as  their  father  has  a  fixed  salary.  The 
company  did  not  see  fit  to  trust  him  on  a  corn- 


Cut  No.  207 — President  Williams  in  his  private  office 


time  as  they  could  not  be  spared).  I  said :  "My 
sons,  neither  of  you  will  receive  a  salary.  When 
you  go  forth  into  the  world  upon  your  own 
account,  you  will  have  to  work  upon  commis- 
sion alone  "-which  they  have  done,  and  they 
certainly  have  brought,  the  answer.  M.  J. 
Williams,  the  eldest,  in  his  sixteen  and  three- 
quarters  years  in  Chicago,  has  been  paid  in 
cash  for  his  commissions  over  $150,000.00.  A.  F. 


mission  basis,  hence  he  works  upon  a  salary 
basis  like  any  other  hireling.  But  now  in  his 
fairly  ripe  old  age,  in  his  seventy-second  year, 
reaps  from  his  dividends  a  greater  salary  than 
all  the  others  as  he  holds  theniajority  of  the 
stock,  from  the  fact  tfint  Father  Williams 
always  had  faith  in  the  stock  of  the  company; 
and  at  this  appropriate  moment,  he  is  buying 
100  shares   of  stock  from   our   first   and   onlv 


A  GOOD  BUSINESS  MOTTO 


secretary,    paying    a    handsome    premium    for 
same. 

Cut  No.  207  shows  the  President  of  the 
Williams  Patent  Crusher  &  Pulverizer  Co., 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  U.  S.  A.,  in  his  private  oft'ice 
with  his  private  stenographer,  Miss  Mabel 
Kincer.  At  this  particular  time  we  were  hav- 
ing a  factory  photographer  take  pictures  by 
sections  of  different  departments  of  our  fac- 
tory by  flashlight.  While  it  was  not  my  real 
intention  to  turn  my  back  upon  my  best  ste- 


molested .  exeejit  by  real  business  people.  In 
our  front  office  hangs  the  following-  sign  so 
that  every  one  can  read  it  if  they  wish : 

"Call  upon  a  man  of  business 
In  the  hours  of  business 
Only  upon  business — 
Go  about  your  business 
And  allow  others  to  attend  to  their  business." 

The  above  when  thoroughly  analyzed  means : 
Attend  to  business  promptly,  take  up  as  little 


No.  208 — Superintendent's  office,   first   floor 


nographer  it  can  better  be  illustrated  by  the 
following  poetry : 

Man  wants  but  little  hei'e  below 
Nor  wants  he  that   little  long, — 
It  is  not  so  with  me  at  all, 
But  it  is  only  so  in  the  song. 

This  was  a  ease  of  having  to  satisfy  the  pho- 
tographer. My  office  is  a  very  small  corner, 
scarcely  room  for  four  persons,  as  I  am 
secluded  from  the  every  day  inquirers  and  not 


time  with  a  business  man  as  is  really  neces- 
sary, but  give  it  all  the  attention  that  is  neces- 
sary, but  do  not  take  up  his  time  in  idle  talk 
unnecessarily,  for  a  business  man's  time  is  his 
money.  I  am  still  occupying  this  same  office 
with  an  additional  telephone  switchboard  sys- 
tem all  over  the  factory,  having  21  stations, 
where  each  head  of  department,  through  the 
main  telephone  girl  operating  the  switchboard, 
can  communicate  all  over  the  plant  and  the 
outside  world  Avithout  leaving  his  chair.     The 


THE    WILLIAMS     HISTORY 


stenographer  again  referred  to,  Mabel  Kincer, 
is  a  most  valuable  and  amiable  girl — studious, 
trustworthy,  and  loyal  to  our  company.  I  am 
sorry  to  say  she  has  broken  her  agreement  with 
yours  truly,  and  informs  me  to  my  sorrow  and 
disappointment,  that  she  has  agreed  to  take 
upon  herself  another  rib,  a  protector  and  sup- 
porter in  male  attire,  and  expects  to  leave  our 
employment  about  possibly  in  June  of  this 
year,  1918 — all  depending  upon  the  call  the  war 
will  make  upon  her  intended. 

THE  SUPERINTENDENT'S  OFFICE. 

Cut  No.  208  shows  the  Superintendent's 
office,  first  floor.  The  person  shown  at  the  left 
started  with  the  business  and  grew  up  with  it 
for  31  or  32  years.  The  younger  man  back  in 
the  corner  was  his  assistant  at  the  time  this 
was  taken,  which  was  in  the  year  1909.  All 
orders  for  machinery  and  repairs  emanated 
from  this  office.  Neither  of  these  personages 
are  no^v  in  our  emplo.vment  and  have  not  been 
for  the  past  three  .years — they  have  been  sup- 
planted by  a  different  and  later  system  which 
has  shown  more  progress  by  several  hundred 
per  cent. 

Edward  H.  Prickey,  our  superintendent  for 
over  30  years,  beginning  (now  1918)  to  show  his 
age,  remarked  to  the  writer  five  or  six  weeks 
ago:  "Williams,  in  your  seventy-second  year, 
you  have  me  beaten  at  least  20  years."  This 
is  not  bragging,  it  is  only  stating  facts,  and  I 
cannot  be  too  thankful  to  m_y  Creator  and  to 
my  parents,  God  bless  them !  my  mother  died 
in  her  eighty-sixth  year,  my  father  in  his 
ninety-fourth  year,  both  born  and  bred  in  the 
rural  districts  and  having  lived  lives  of  virtue, 
and  not  brought  up  under  the  strain  which 
wrecked  men's  souls — that  of  a  business  being 
too  strenuous.  But  Father  Williams  thanks 
God  again  for  the  faculty  of  throwing  off  any 
mental  strain — always  feeling  that  at  the  end 
of  each  day  he  has  come  out  ahead  of  the  game, 
and  lets  the  other  fellow  worry ;  always  trying 
to  treat  his  fellowmen  in  an  upright  manner. 
When  occasion  requires,  telling  them  plainly 
what  they  should  do  and  how  they  should  do 


it,  calling  them  down  when  necessary,  but  not 
heaping  coals  of  fire  upon  their  heads,  but 
teaching  them  the  plain  truth  to  make  them 
ashamed  of  themselves — which  I  have  fre- 
quently done  in  bringing  order  out  of  chaos. 

MANUFACTURING    MANAGEMENT. 

In  the  management  of  the  output  of  crush- 
ing and  grinding  machines  and  their  appurte- 
nances, this  coming  first  of  January,  1919,  will 
record  the  manufacturing  management  under 
one  Wm.  M.  Davidson.  In  previous  years,  or 
for  a  number  of  years,  this  management  was 
under  the  supervision  of  one  Geo.  Kroening, 
who  had  groAvn  up  from  our  apprentice  boy, 
Init  whom  I  never  considered  a  good  man  for 
the  place,  and  he  was  superseded  by  Wm.  M. 
Davidson.  However,  before  Geo.  Kroening 's 
time  as  output  manager,  we  had  one  Hal 
Frickey,  who  was  a  brother  of  Edw.  H.  Frickey, 
who  was,  to  use  a  common  phrase,  "a  cracker- 
jack."  Under  Hal  Frickey  "s  management,  we 
prospered.  He  was  a  studious  worker,  a  hard 
worker,  a  splendid  mechanic,  and  had  good 
command  of  men.  He  was  much  more  rigid  in 
the  handling  of  men  than  his  brother  Ed,  and 
the  company  has  to  regret  the  evening  which 
I  discovered  that  Hal  Frickey  had  tuberculosis 
and  was  compelled  to  leave  this  climate  by  the 
advice  of  a  doctor,  whom  I  took  him  to — a 
pathologist  doctor,  who  said  to  Hal  Frickey  in 
my  presence  :  ' '  Young  man,  one  lung  is  gone. ' ' 
Hal  immediately  went  to  Albuquerque,  N.  M., 
and  has  remained  there  ever  since,  and  is  get- 
ting along  fairly  well  in  that  climate. 

MANAGEMENT    UNDER    THE    AUSPICES 
OF  WM.  M.  DAVIDSON. 

Previous  to  Davidson's  administration  now 
for  the  past  year  (1918)  as  production  man- 
ager, he  was  our  trouble  man  on  the  road.  For 
fully  16  years,  he  brought  the  answer  with 
decorum  and  pi'opriety.  I  saw  fit  to  send  him 
West  up  to  the  Pacific  Coast,  and  between  here 
and  the  Pacific  Northwest  he  had  to  visit 
several  alfalfa  plants  to  get  them  straightened 
out.    At  that  time  we  were  new  in  the  grinding 


GEO.  F.  COTTRILL 

Secretary  and  Treasurer  of  the 

Williams  Patent  Crusher  &  Pulverizer  Co. 

Tiie  above  i)hoti)i;rai)h  of  George  F.  Cottrill,  the  Secretary  and  Treasurer  of  the  Wil- 
liams Patent  Ci  usher  &  Pulverizer  Co.,  since  its  formation,  was  taken  when  Mr.  Cottrill  was 
about  ^0  years  of  age.  He  was  born  in  St.  Lnuis,  Missouri,  on  April  29,  1858,  and  became 
Vice-President  of  the  Green's  Car  Wheel  Company  of  St.  Louis.  It  was  about  the  time  when 
M.  F.  Williams  moved  to  2705  North  Broadway,  that  Mr.  Cottrill  was  introduced  to  him  by 
]Mr.  William  Sessinghaus.  The  Green's  Car  Wheel  Foundi-y  supplied  Mr.  Williams  with 
castings,  and  in  that  way  Mr.  Hoyt  H.  Green  and  Mr.  Cottrill  became  impressed  with  the  idea 
that  the  Williams  Swing  Hammer  Mill  Mas  destined  to  become  famous.  After  negotiating 
for  a  while,  they  formed  a  corporation  on  January  28,  1897,  with  a  capital  stock  of  $16,000, 
in  which  ]M.  F.  Williams  was  President,  HoytH.  Green  Vice-President  and  George  F.  Cottrill 
SecTTtni-y  and  Treasui'ci'.  This  corporation  was  a  selling  company  only,  as  Milton  F.  Wil- 
liams &  Company  were  the  ^Manufacturers.  On  June  12,  1907,  the  Williams  Patent  Crusher 
&  Pulverizer  Company  increased  their  capital  stock  to  $225,000  and  purchased  the  manufac- 
turing business  from  'SI.  F.  Williams  &  Co. — the  same  officers  officiating  until  the  death  of 
Ilovt  H.  Green  in  191  ;j,  when  Arthur  F.  Williams  was  made  Vice-President. 


WILLIAM   M.  DAVIDSON 


of  alfalfa.  I  gave  him  a  letter,  not  of  credit, 
but  of  introduction  to  the  public  which  read 
as  follows: 

' '  To  whom  it  may  concern  :  The  bearer  of  this 
letter,  Wra.  M.  Davidson,  comes  to  assist  you, 
advise  you  if  he  can,  and  set  you  right  if  there 
are  any  wrongs.  He  has  the  confidence  of  our 
company ;  he  has  the  authority  to  collect  money 
to  settle  accounts,  to  do  whatever  he  deems 
best  without  recourse  or  reserve  upon  our  com- 
pany. (Signed)  Milton  F.  Williams,  President 
of  the  Williams  Patent  Crusher  &  Pulverizer 
Co.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.    U.  S.  A." 

Show  me  the  next  man  who  carries  such  a 
letter  from  his  president;  they  are  few  and 
far  between.  I  doubt  whether  such  another 
letter  has  ever  been  written.  When  President 
McKinley  had  occasion  to  find  a  man  to  go  into 
the  wilds  of  Cuba  to  take  a  message  from  the 
United  States  to  General  Garcia,  he  called  his 
cabinet  together  and  asked  for  a  man.  Elbert 
Hubbard,  who  lost  his  life  upon  the  ill-fated 
Lusitania,  descrilies  McKinley 's  message  to 
Garcia,  and  tells  the  name  of  the  man 
whom  McKinley  sent  to  take  the  letter  to  Gar- 
cia. But  one  man  was  found ;  he  took  the  letter 
to  Garcia.  He  was  found  in  Washington  City 
and  is  probably  living  there  today.  Any  one 
wishing  to  know  the  message,  read  Elbert  Hub- 
bard's  book,  "A  Message  to  Garcia."  His  name 
wan  Rowan. 

Again  I'eturning  to  Win.  M.  Davidson — 
since  his  administration,  our  firm  has  turned 
out  more  goods  and  has  sold  more  goods  than 
we  ever  sold  during  any  other  administration 
twice  over.  Whose  choice  was  Wm.  M.  David- 
son as  general  administrator?  On  the  last  days 
of  December,  1915,  M.  J.  Williams  came  down 
from  Chicago,  called  Geo.  Kroening  into  his 
office,  told  him  in  a  very  pleasant  way  that  he 
had  outlived  his  usefulness  as  an  output  man- 
ager for  our  firm,  and  that  he  would  be  super- 
seded by  AVm.  M.  Davidson.  This  was  partly 
prompted  by  M.  F.  AVilliams  hearing  on  the 
day  before  Christmas  in  1914,  Geo.  Kroening 
making  a  remark  in  the  downstairs  office.  I 
was  just  entering  the  front  door  on  Montgom- 
ery Street,  and  that  remark  from  Geo.  Kroen- 


ing was  enough  to  queer  him  forever  as  far  as 
being  trusted  with  any  management  as  fore- 
man of  a  machine  shop  in  our  plant.  I  never 
replied  to  it,  but  I  wrote  to  M.  J.  W.,  giving 
him  verbatim  just  what  I  heard  Kroening  say, 
and  it  smacked  very  strongly  of  what  is  called 
anarchism. 

During  Wm.  M.  Davidson's  administration, 
upon  October  6th,  1916,  we  had  a  strike  of 
machinists  and  helpers,  being  the  second  strike 
which  we  have  had  in  our  existence.  During 
the  first  strike,  11  years  ago,  in  1905,  Geo. 
Kroening  walked  out  with  the  rest  of  the  boys, 
and  has  maintained  ever  since  a  Union  attitude, 
and  has  done  many  things  detrimental  which 
I  could  mention  of  interest  to  a  corporation — 
one  was  that  he  held  back  production,  which 
is  a  had  feature  for  the  money-making  facilities 
for  any  corporation. 

OUR  LAST  STRIKE. 

On  October  6th,  1916,  45  machinists  and 
helpers  walked  out.  For  several  weeks  previ- 
ous to  this  strike,  they  had  been  laying  down 
on  their  work,  retarding  output ;  occasionally 
we  let  one  go  and  finally  we  let  11  go  at  one 
time,  which  might  or  might  not  have  been 
diplomatic.  Frickey  advised  letting  them  go 
in  a  body.  The  St.  Louis  Metal  Trades  Asso- 
ciation advised  the  same.  Upon  their  going 
the.v  brought  the  business  agent,  Mr.  Lamb, 
of  the  machinists  union,  to  confer  with  Father. 
He  said  if  we  would  take  them  back,  reinstate 
them,  there  would  be  no  strike.  If  we  did  not 
take  them  back  he  would  call  all  the  machin- 
ists out.  I  said,  "Brother  Lamb,  call."  He 
called,  and  in  less  than  a  week  we  had  a  few 
men  back  to  work;  still  more  came,  and  still 
more,  until  we  had  a  full  quota.  We  have 
hired  and  discharged  three  or  four  quotas, 
until  we  are  now  operating  under  better  condi- 
tions than  we  ever  operated  before.  Since  the 
6th  of  October  to  the  present  writing,  we  have 
filled  over  4,000  orders,  large  and  small;  we 
have  shipped  more  goods  in  dollars  and  cents 
than  we  ever  shipped  before,  in  a  three  or  four 
.year  period.  What  are  the  causes?  Partly  due 
to  having  the  rush  orders,  partly  due  to   ad- 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


vanced  prices;  but  mostly  due  to  good  and 
efficient  management,  backed  up  by  the  confi- 
dence of  the  firm.  The  trials  and  tribulations 
have  been  many.  The  dispositions  of  our  lieu- 
tenants during  this  strike  period  have  had  their 
nerves  screwed  to  the  breaking  point.  They 
have  stood  by  us  like  men.  We  have  encour- 
aged, them  all  we  knew  how.  and  during  this 
period  so  much  construction  work  going  on 
which  at  times  was  most  exasperating  to  those 
who  were  trying  to  turn  out  goods;  but  we 
have  all,  by  our  combined  and  dominating 
spirit  of  sticktoitiveness  come  out  on  top ;  and 
we  are  today  waving  two  American  flags  over 
two  distinct  departments  of  our  factory.  To 
go  through  another  strike  now  would  seem  to 
us  a  mere  bagatelle  as  out  of  the  ruins  (due  to 
our  lieutenants  being  possessed  with  characters 
full  of  staying  qualities)  sphinx-like  we  have 
arisen  from  the  ashes  of  desertion  to  onward 
and  upward,  with  progressiveness  greater  than 
ever. 

IMPRESSIVE  COMPARISONS. 

My  son  Jud  has  sent  me  the  following  letter : 

Subject :  Statistics  for  your  l)ook. 

Chicago,  Dec.  5,  1919. 

Dear  Father: 

I  have  just  had  time  to  figure  out  the  follow- 
ing statistics  for  your  book,  which  I  believe 
are  very  close  to  accurate: 

We  have  shipped  approximately  5,150 
grinders  and  crushers.  The  weight  of  this  ma- 
terial approximates  14,898,950  lbs.  or  7,450 
tons.  This  tonnage  would  make  745  railroad 
cai's  loaded  to  a  capacity  of  20,000  lbs.  per  car, 
which  would  make  a  train  5i  miles  in  length 
if  all  ears  were  put  together;  but  if  they  were 


split  up  into  50  ears  to  a  train  they  would  make 
up  into  15  trains  of  50  cars  each,  carrying  a 
load  of  about  500  tons  of  crushers  to  the  train. 

The  length  of  these  grinders,  if  set  end  to 
end  would  be  28,325  feet  or  5i  miles. 

The  width  of  these  grinders,  if  the  shafts 
were  set  end  to  end.  would  be  41,200  ft.  or  7.8 
miles. 

The  heiglit  of  these  grinders,  if  set  one  on 
top  of  the  other,  would  reach  into  the  sky 
23,175  ft.  or  4i  miles,  which  is  40  times  the 
height  of  the  Washington  Monument. 

The  amount  of  money  involved  in  the  pur- 
chase price  of  these  5,150  grinders  is  approxi- 
■mately  $5,000,000.00,  and  if  you  added  the  sup- 
plies and  spare  parts  furnished  to  the  users 
of  these  grinders,  the  total  amount  would  be 
approximately  $8,000,000.00. 

Some  of  the  smaller  grinders  will  grind  about 
10  tons  per  day,  and  many  of  them  20  tons.  50 
tons  and  100  tons  a  day.  The  larger  crushers 
crush  from  2,500  to  3,000  tons  per  day;  there- 
fore, the  5,150  grinders  and  crushers  would 
have  a  tonnage  of  about  500,000  tons  of  mate- 
rial reduced  on  these  Williams  Crushers  and 
Grinders  every  working  day  converting  this 
product  from  the  raw  material  to  the  finished 
stock  for  commercial  use. 

This  is  a  very  necessary  and  useful  industry. 
It  was  classed  by  the  government  during  the 
World's  War,  1914  to  1918,  as  an  essential 
industry,  and  in  classifications  of  A-6  and  B-1, 
very  high  ratings. 


Yours  very  truly. 


(Signed) 
MJW-B 


M.  J.  WILLIAMS. 


OUR  PURCHASING  AGENT 


THE  PURCHASING  AGENT'S  OFFICE. 

Cut  No.  209,  called  Purchasing  Agent's 
Office,  first  floor.  This  is  a  correct  showing  of 
the  office  at  that  time  in  the  year  1909.  The 
young  lady,  Miss  Emiice  Redding,  has  long 
since  left  the  euiploynicnt  of  our  company, 
having  entered  the  state  of  matrimony,  and  is 
now  living  in  Los  Angeles,  California.  While 
she  was  quite  efficient  and  very  lady  like,  she 
took  awav  with  her  to   California   one  of  our 


sesses  one  trait  of  character  which  does  not 
recommend  any  man  to  an  employer.  He  has 
been  displaced  by  a  man  of  e([ual  ability,  if 
not  greater,  and  the  change  which  the  Com- 
pany made  speaks  eft'iciency. 

The  third  man  back  in  the  corner  is  the  same 
one  represented  in  the  first  picture,  and  also 
the  change  made  by  replacing  him  spells 
eft'iciency. 


iig  agent's   office,   fir 


best  machinists;  and  while  I  cannot  state  posi- 
tively, I  was  told  by  her  father,  not  long  since, 
that  they  are  obeying  the  dictates  of  the  Bible 
in  regard  to  multii)lyiiig  and  I'cplenisliing  the 
earth. 

The  man  shown  at  tlie  fronf  is  William 
A.  Dunham,  our  Purchasing  Agent  at  that  time. 
He  left  our  employment  five  or  six  years  ago, 
and  while  we  thought  he  was  an  efficient  man, 
he  is  a  man  of  considerable  ability,  but  he  pos- 


LOBBY   OF   THE   MAIN   OtTICE 

Cut  No.  210,  entitled  main  oft'ice  lobby,  sec- 
ond floor,  is  a  good  representation  of  same  at 
the  time  it  was  made;  but  the  same  lobby  pre- 
sents a  more  artistic  appearance  at  this  writing, 
as  if  is  filled  to  overflowing  with  portraits  of 
eminent  men  and  philosophical  sayings.  While 
William  McKinley  of  Canton,  Ohio,  cannot  be 
surpassed  as  a  President  of  the  United  States, 
the  same  lobby  now  represents  Ilarriman,  An- 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


drew  Carnegie,  General  Washington,  Ulysses 
S.  Grant,  Theodore  Roosevelt,  Agassiz,  Martin 
Luthei',  Queen  Victoria,  Booker  T.  Washing- 
ton, Aln'ahani  Lincoln,  George  Dewey,  Christo- 
pher Colnmlnis,  Thomas  Jefferson,  Benjamin 
Franklin,  William  Penn,  Daniel  Webster, 
Henry  Clay,  Andrew  Jackson,  George  Wash- 
ington, John  Bi'own,  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes 
and  M.  F.  Williams. 


Washington,  one  of  the  Ethiopians  for  whom 
John  Brown  gave  his  life  in  opposing  the  cause 
of  slavery. 

This  same  corridor  shows  the  cashier's  win- 
dow to  onr  accounting  office. 

This  cut,  No.  212,  represents  a  po)-tion  of  the 
corridor  of  onr  upper  office,  showing  first, 
fathei'  and  the  bovs  and  other  notables.      The 


Cut   No.  210 — Main   office  lobby,   second   floor 


A  LATER  VIEW  OF  OUR  LOBBY. 

Cut  No.  211,  showing  a  view  taken  in  1920 
of  our  lobb.y  to  the  second  floor  office,  showing 
most  of  the  portraits  that  have  been  described 
in  the  previou-;  halftone. 

There  ai'o  two  rows  of  portraits  of  these 
illustrious  men  who  are  worthy  to  be  patterned 
after,  and  one  in  the  corridor  hanging  upon  the 
wall    is   no    lesser   personage   than   Booker    T. 


walls  are  bedecked  with  sa.yings  from  Elbert 
Hubbard,  who  went  to  the  bottom  of  the  briny 
deep  with  the  sinking  of  the  Lusitania,  among 
which  is  one  called  "Horse  Sense,"  which  gives 
advice  to  .young  men.  All  the  mottoes  on  this 
wall  are  very  interesting,  some  being  poetry. 
One  entitled  "Keep  Fishin',''  is  a  motto  of  a 
man  who  from  his  own  efforts  got  to  be  gover- 
nor of  one  of  our  states,  by  studious  work  and 
hard  application.  Each  picture  and  motto  are 
intended  for  lessons  for  young  men  who   can 


OUR  OFFICE  LOBBY 


Cut   No.   211— Our   gallery   of   notables 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Cut  No.  212— Office  corridor,  taken  in  1920 


OFFICE  OF  WM.  G.  WEBER 


combine  frugality  with  integritj-  and  honesty 
of  purpose,  who  will  finally  make  a  mark  in 
the  world,  and  if  their  eiforts  are  properly 
directed  they  can  become  captains  of  industry. 
The  portrait  on  the  left  is  that  of  Oliver  Wen- 
dell Holmes,  a  poet  and  philosopher;  the  one 
to  the  right,  Ulysses  S.  Grant — General  Grant 
of  the  Civil  War.  The  one  to  the  right  of  Grant 
is  John  Brown,  the  martyr,  who  fought  the 
rebel  bushwhackers  at  Osawatomie,  Kansas,  at 
the  beginning  of  the  war,  and  who  was  finally 


grand  old  lady,  Queen  Victoria-God  bless  her 
soul!  Her  name  has  gone  down  in  history  as 
"the  grand  old  lady  of  England,"  and  our 
Williams'  Geneology  is  somewhat  indebted  to 
Queen  Victoria ;  being  of  Welsh  descent  we  all 
had  the  first  and  same  beginning.  The  one  to 
the  right  of  Queen  Victoria  is  a  man  whose 
modesty  forbids  him  to  speak ;  and  Mr.  or  Mrs. 
Reader,  we  will  leave  you  to  guess.  The  revolv- 
ing illustrated  display  and  show  card  repre- 
sents a  few  of  the  grinding  machines  of  our 


hung  at  or  near  Harper's  Ferry,  West  Virginia 
— a  world's  martyr. 

His  martyrdom  will  live  as  long  as  the  world 
stands,  as  he  espoused  the  cause  of  anti-slavery 
and  his  name  has  gone  down  in  American  his- 
tory to  be  revered  by  the  rising  generation. 

The  one  to  the  right  of  John  Brown  is  that 
of  Admiral  Dewey,  who  did  like  Dewey  did  at 
Manilla  Bay  during  the  Spanish  American 
War.     The  next  to  the  right    is    that    of    the 


manufacture.  We  have  almost  1,000  cuts  illus- 
trating our  product,  and  this  revolving  display 
sign  shows  less  than  one  hundred  of  them. 

OUR  ACCOUNTANT'S  OFFICE. 

C'Ut  No.  213  represents  the  south  end  of  our 
Accounting  Room  in  1909.  However,  the  same 
has  been  enlarged,  more  operatives  added,  a 
telephone  exchange  installed,  and  it  is  now  an 
office  more   up-to-date  in    appearance,    in   the 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


year  closely  approaching  1920.  The  boy  repre- 
sented at  the  desk  is  a  boy  I  took  to  raise  and 
make  a  man  out  of  him,  but  I  made  a  sad  fail- 
ure of  it,  I  fear.  I  looked  after  him  for  a 
number  of  years,  and  the  last  account  of  his 
career  would  not  look  well  in  print. 

OUR  STENOGRAPHER'S  OFFICE. 

Cut  No.  214  is  a  section  of  our  inner  office 
room  over  the  alley.     The  four  girls  shown  in 


the  east  and  west  sides,  where  we  retain  letter 
files  for  the  past  20  years,  and  can  refer  to 
correspondence  of  thousands  upon  thousands  of 
customers  for  that  number  of  years. 

OUR  DRAFTING  ROOM. 

Cut  No.  215  shows  the  east  end  of  our  draft- 
ing room,  third  floor,  taken  in  1909.  The  works 
in  this  room  have  been  greatly  enlarged,  a 
thorough  and  most  up-to-date  system  installed, 


Cut  No.  214 — Section  of  stenographers'  office,  second  floor 


said  office  room  do  not  represent  all  the  em- 
ployees in  this  department,  as  we  have  had,  at 
times,  as  many  as  six  or  seven  girls  in  this 
room ;  but  since  we  have  shortened  our  system 
of  letter  writing  by  giving  dictation  direct  to 
the  machine  and  abandoned  the  use  of  the 
note  book,  it  has  made  less  work  in  this  depart- 
ment. This  department  represents  our  adver- 
tising room  and  filing  room  where  all  letters 
are  filed  for  future  reference.  Above  this 
office  room  we  have  two  mezzanine  floors  on 


and  sometimes  seven  operatives  working  in 
said  room,  besides  a  girl  with  a  typewriter 
making  records  of  all  drawings  so  that  they 
can  be  systematically  filed,  and  an  index  cabi- 
net is  provided  for  keeping  a  record  of  the 
draAvings.  An  up-to-date  blueprinting  machine 
is  now  in  this  ''oom,  so  that  we  can  make  our 
own  blueprints,  and  can  have  them  in  three 
minutes  notice  from  the  time  Ave  get  an  order 
from  some  one  of  our  agents  for  a  certain 
blueprint. 


OUR  DRAFTING  ROOM 


Also  the  operatives  in  this  department  have 
been  changed,  and  later  ones  installed,  but  the 
old  man  at  the  desk  has  since  passed  away.  He 
was  a  native  Buckeye  from  the  good  old  State 
of  Ohio,  and  a  better  mechanic,  a  more  up-to- 
date  mechanical  engineer,  probably  never  lived 
in  the  City  of  St.  Louis. 

SAMPLE  ROOM. 

Cut  No.  216  is  a  half-tone  from  a  photograph 
taken  in  the  year  1909,  and  the  mezzanine  floor 


and  upon  this  work  bench  I  did  my  first  day's 
work  in  the  City  of  St.  Lous  as  a  millwright  in 
the  winter  of  1872  and  '73. 

Hanging  upon  a  gas  pipe  railing  next  to  the 
office  files  is  a  steel  crowbar  which  passed 
through  one  of  our  crushers.  It  is  5  ft.  in 
length  and  li  in.  in  diameter,  and  suspended 
from  one  of  the  curves  of  this  crow  bar  is  a 
placard  and  upon  the  placard  reads:  "I  have 
been  thi'ough  a  Williams  mill,  have  you." 


in  this  room  shows  our  first  attempt  at  building 
a  crusher.  The  books  and  papers  lying  on  the 
floor  represent  M.  F.  Williams'  office  docu- 
ments that  he  had  years  ago  when  he  was  doing 
business  on  a  much  smaller  scale,  thirty  and 
forty  years  ago.  The  business  at  that  time  was 
small  and  hardly  worth  recording. 

The  dark  colored  board  hanging  to  the  ceil- 
ing is  a  pine  board  belonging  to  a  work  bench 
which  then  was  at  1417  North  Second  Street, 


Adjoining  this  exhibit  is  an  old  spade,  Avorn 
to  the  quick;  this  spade  was  one  of  my  father's 
working  tools.  He  used  it  for  many  years  on 
the  little  farm  in  Ohio.  It  is  worn  away  too 
short  for  service,  and  adjoining  this  spade 
should  have  been  shown  two  broadaxes-one 
being  my  father's  and  the  other  his  brother's. 
These  broadaxes  were  used  for  hewing  timber 
in  the  woods,  as  was  so  common  in  those  days 
of  early  pioneering. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Back  upon  the  mezzanine  floor-shows  M.  F. 
Williams'  tool  boxes  and  tool  chest — his  stock 
in  trade  when  he  tirst  came  to  the  City  of  St. 
Louis. 

Suspended  from  this  floor,  along  the  edge, 
are  quite  a  number  of  hammers  or  beaters 
which  Ave  use  in  our  crushing  machines  and 
grinding  machines. 

The  door  shown  opens  into  the  drafting 
room  adjoining  on  the  west.     The  cigar  boxes 


own  printing — which  interior  of  the  printing 
shop  is  shown  elsewhere  and  described  as  a 
printing  shop. 

CAGE   MILLING   DEPARTMENT. 

Cut  No.  217  shows  a  section  of  one  of  our 
machine  shops  west  of  the  alley  and  properly 
is  called  a  milling  machine  room.  In  this  room 
we  have  four  milling  machines.  A  milling 
machine  is  a  machine  tool  for  cutting  metal, 
cutting  and  grooving  metal,  something  on  the 


Cut   No.  216 — Section  of   sample   room  over   main   office 


shown  in  their  cases  are  samples  of  our  grind- 
ing, as  at  that  time  we  u^ed  this  for  a  sample 
room  for  the  product  which  we  ground. 

The  cans  setting  upon  the  floor  (there  are 
many  in  number  much  greater  than  shown  in 
the  half  tone)  all  contain  feed  of  various  kinds 
which  we  have  ground  upon  our  reducing  ma- 
chines of  various  makes.  This  room  has  been 
dismantled  as  a  sample  room,  and  about  seven 
years  ago  we  installed  a  printing  shop  and  for 
that  length  of  time  we  have  been  doing  our 


order   of   an    iron    planer,    except   it    does   the 
work  much  faster. 

This  represents  only  the  east  end  of  said 
building,  Avhich  is  72  feet  in  length,  and  also 
has  other  departments  in  the  same  room. 

A  freight  elevator  is  also  located  in  said 
room  from  Mhich  we  do  consij^erable  ship- 
ping, «s  the  goods  to  be  shipped  are  hoisted  to 
the  heighth  of  a  wagon  or  truck  bed,  as  backed 
up  in  the  alley  opposite  the  elevator  doorway. 


OUR  CAGE  SHOP 


MONTGOMERY  STREET  MACHINE  SHOP 

Cut  No.  218  illustrates  the  south  end  of  what 
we  termed  then  our  cage  shop.  The  cages  are 
the  screens  and  grinding  surfaces  of  our  vari- 
oiis  crushers  and  grinders,  and  serve  two  pur- 
poses: One  is  to  grind  on  or  against,  and  the 
other  to  screen  through.  This  cage  shop,  how- 
ever, has  now  been  moved  to  the  floor  above 
in  the  same  building  and  occupies  the  whole 
floor.     Later  tools   and   appliances   have   beer 


FORMER  CAGE  SHOP. 

Cut  No.  219  shows  a  sectio*!  ot  the  north  end 
of  the  former  cage  shop  described  elsewhere. 
This  department  -shows  both  wood  and  iron 
work;  however  the  woodwork  parts  are  auto- 
matic feeders  for  a  feed  grinding  plant,  but 
were  assembled  near  a  freight  elevator  to  be 
taken  to  the  floor  below  to  be  crated  ready  for 
shipment.  None  of  these  employees  are  now 
in  our  service,  having  been  exchanged  for  more 


Cage  Milling  Ucpartment,  Montgomery  street,   tirst  floor 


installed  in  the  new  cage  shop  and  more  up-tc 
date  methods. 

Most  of  the  operators  in  this  room  have  been 
supplanted  by  later  method  workers.  The  fore- 
man in  this  .shop  at  the  time  this  photograph 
was  taken  standing  with  one  hand  upon  a  fibre 
making  machine  turned  to  be  Bolshevist,  and 
we  dispensed  with  his  services  in  order  to  pro- 
dutf-e  greater  product  and  have  this  department 
fullv  efficient. 


efficient  men,  which  has  been  the  order  of  the 
day  for  the  past  three  years.  We  are  now 
obtaining  a  small  balance  on  the  right  side  of 
the  ledger. 

MAIN  FORGING  SHOP. 

Gut  No.  220  represents  our  main  forging 
shop,. Ninth  Street  side,  taken  in  1909,  show- 
ing bwt^OHe-side' and -one  section  of  this  forging 
shop.     A  full  complement  of  employees  in  this 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Cut  Xo.  21S-M 


tidur,   Montgomery  street 


f^^^^^^K^' "'"'''''' 

M 

f. 

>.«dKr' 

..,'''^^^- 

" 

Cut  No.  219 — Feed  mill  machinery   warehouse,   second   floor,   Montgomery   street 


FORGE  AND  HAMMER  DEPARTMENTS 


Cut  No.  220— Main 


Cut    No.   221 — Hammer   Department    No.    1 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


department  is  an  average  of  25  persons.  It 
does  not  show  the  forging  machines  proper  nor 
the  steam  hammers — only  a  corner  section  of 
one  or  two  and  the  pipes  conveying  the  exhaust 
steam  away  from  same.  This  department  shows 
a  very  healthy  looking  set  of  employees,  but 
even  this  shop  has  been  remodeled  and  en- 
larged on  the  south  side  where  several  more 
employees  can  operate,  with  a  tempering  fur- 
nace installed,  overhead  cranes  and  some  other 
improvements  hai'dly  worthy  of  mention.     Our 


HAMMER  DEPARTMENT. 

Cut  No.  221  shows  a  section  of  the  north 
side  of  the  same  forging  shop,  showing  a  slit- 
ting roll  or  shear  for  splitting  large  sheets  of 
metal,  by  roller  cutters,  showiuff  but  three 
operatives  in  this  department ;  all  of  which 
machinerj',  except  the  splitting  rolls,  has  been 
moved  away  into  another  department,  and  the 
drill  presses  shown  (four  of  them)  called  mul- 
tiple drills,  have  been  sold  to  the  second-hand 
dealer  and  a  more  improved  and  faster  method 


improved  conditions  and  appliances  include 
an  automatic  forging  machine  for  forging  parts 
which  Avill  handle  from  2,000  to  3,000  pieces 
per  hour.  This  one  forging  machine  alone  has 
dispensed  with  the  services  of  quite  a  number 
of  men.  One  item  in  particular,  where  we  had 
ten  different  belts  operating  fans  and  other 
appliances,  one  larger  forging  fan  has  been 
installed  and  caused  us  to  do  away  with  nine 
belts  operating  machinery,  which  is  ijuite  an 
item  of  saving  alone. 


installed  in  the  way  of  punches  and  shears,  and 
this  space  has  been,  and  is  now,  used  by  tem- 
pering machines.  The  new  method  of  doing 
work  has  done  away  with  several  carloads  of 
old  machinery  which  has  been  relegated  to  the 
second-hand  dealer,  and  the  new  methods  in- 
stalled for  facilitating  work. 

NINTH  STREET  SHAFTING  WAREHOUSE. 

Cut   No.   222   represents   our  shafting   ware- 
house, where  we  keep  shafting  steel  to  cut  up 


STEEL  AND  IRON  WAREHOUSE 


for  manufacturing  purposes,  the  shafts  being 
purchased  in  20  feet  lengths,  cut  up  and  used 
as  we  require  them.  This  is  adjoining  and  next 
to  the  Ninth  Street  side  of  the  building  adjoin- 
ing the  forge  shop. 

STEEL   AND    IRON   WAREHOUSE. 

Cut  No.  223  is  one  of  our  Ninth  Street  receiv- 
ing steel  warehouses  adjoining  the  forge  shop. 
This  small  wai'ehouse  is  supplied  with  dimen- 


Cut  No.  224  is  an  exact  counterpart  of  No. 
223,  and  adjoins  same,  except  that  it  is  located 
south  of  223  and  is  exposed  to  Ninth  street  in 
the  same  manner,  and  contains  a  heavier  grade 
of  steel,  and  is  also  supplied  with  an  overhead 
trolley  or  crane  for  handling  the  goods.  On 
the  east  end  of  same  it  adjoins  the  main  forging 
shop  so  that  the  steel  is  handy  and  in  front  of 
the  heavy  shears — not  shown  in  the  pictures — 
for  cutting  up  heavy  steel  bars  and  plates  into 
manufacturing  sizes  for  the  use  of  the  works. 


Cut  No.  223 — Heavy  steel  and  iron  warehouse.  Ninth  str 


siou  steel  as  is  required  for  our  manufacture 
of  crushers  and  grinders,  and  is  kept  supplied 
with  from  eight  to  ten  carloads  of  steel  at  all 
times,  which  steel  is  received  through  the  door 
and  window  as  shown  in  the  back  end  of  this 
department  The  walls  of  this  building  are 
heavy  enough  to  support  a  ten-story  building, 
thinking  that  we  may  add  more  stories  later 
on.  It  is  a  part  and  adjoining  the  main  forging 
shop. 


SHEET  METAL  DEPARTMENT. 

Cut  No.  225  shows  one  section  of  our  Sheet 
Metal  Department,  which  is  on  the  second  floor 
over  the  steel  warehou.«es.  Since  1909,  this 
department  has  also  be.en  remodeled  and  sup- 
plied with  up-to-date  machinery  and  methods, 
for  turning  out  sheet  metal  work  which  goes 
to  form  the  pneumatic  handling  of  goods  in 
our  feed  grinding  department  where  every- 
thing is  handled  by  air  (by  fans)  drawn  away 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Cut  No.  224— Dept.  Ninth  street   (south   side) 


Cut  Xo  225— b-oction  ot  sheet  iiKtal  department,  Ninth  street 


OLD  ENGINE  ROOM 


from  the  grinders,  and  elevated  by  air  into  air 
receptacles  called  cyclone  dust  collectors.  The 
parts  on  the  floor  are  parts  of  dnst  collectors 
and  piping  for  this  purpose,  and  where  we 
manufactured  these  systems  in  1909,  we  now 
manufacture  from  ten  to  twenty  as  many  times 
over  as  we  did  at  that  time,  and  with  much 
greater  facilities  for  handling. 

OLD  ENGINE  ROO^M. 

Cut  No.  226  shows  a  section  of  our  old  engine 
room  in  1909.    Since  that  time,  however,  steam 


electric  or  hydro-electric,  so  that  each  group 
of  machines  is  operated  by  a  separate  motor. 
This  is  a  later  and  more  economical  and  advan- 
tageous method,  most  especially  in  the  time  of 
the  coal  strike  which  Avent  into  eft'ect  on  No- 
vember 1st,  1919,  and  which  was  settled  yes- 
terday. Dec.  11th,  1919,  when  some  400,000  coal 
miners  paralyzed  the  whole  American  country 
as  regards  fuel  production ;  they  have  now 
accepted  President  Wilson's  proposition  of 
paying  them  an  advance  of  14  per  cent.  An 
investigating  committee  has  been  appointed  to 


Cut  No.  226 — Section  of  main  engine  rooni 


power  has  been  discontinued  and  a  new  four- 
story  concrete  building  built  where  this  engine 
room  stood,  and  complete  electric  power  also 
has  been  installed,  operating  the  plant  elec- 
trically now  instead  of  with  steam,  and  using 
some  45  separate  motors.  The  current  for  this 
motive  power  is  supplied  from  the  dam  in  the 
Mississippi  River  at  Keokuk,  Iowa.  Instead  of 
operating  with  about  75  H.  P.  in  1909,  we  now 
use  in   1919  from  250  H.   P.  to   300  H.   P.   of 


draft  resolutions  for  the  settlement,  we  hope, 
of  future  dealings  with  coal  miners  and  their 
union  managers,  in  which  the  editorial  in  the 
Globe-Democrat  this  morning  states,  that  they 
hope  and  believe  that  this  is  the  commencement 
of  the  ending  of  Bolshevism  in  America.  Let 
us  all  hope  and  pray  that  it  is,  and  that  the 
Government's  suggestions  will  be  heeded  and 
that  a  better  state  of  feeling  will  exist  from 
this  time  on,  and  that  labor  will  not  be  so  arro- 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


gant,  and  will  be  more  reasonable ;  that  the 
dawn  of  a  new  era  in  America  will  prevail 
regarding  labor  and  worth. 

OLD  ATLAS  ENGINE. 

Cut  No.  227  shows  a  different  view  of  our 
old  Atlas  automatic  engine  and  our  power  in 
3909  which  has  been  more  thoroughly  ex- 
plained in  illustration  No.  226.  This  steam 
po^\'er   engine  was   entirely   abandoned  in  the 


FORMER    BROADWAY    MACHINE    SHOP. 

Cut  No.  228  shows  a  section  of  our  old  ma- 
chine shop  on  Broadway  before  the  reconstruc- 
tion days,  after  which  time  this  portion  of  the 
machine  shop  was  re-arranged,  which,  how- 
ever, was  done  one  section  at  a  time  in  order 
to  keep  the  plant  running  and  not  disturb 
working  conditions  too  much.  If  we  were  to 
take  photos  and  make  engravings  of  the  newly 
arranged  working  conditions,  they  would  show 


27 — Old  Atlas  engine  in  engine  room 


year  1917,  at  which  time  electric  po.wer  was 
installed,  and  the  installation  of  the  electrically 
operated  machinery  was  completed  in  the  latter 
part  of  1917;  and  at  the  beginning  of  1918  we 
Avere  operating  under  electric  power,  at  which 
time  we  increased  under  electric  power  three 
to  four  times  the  power  that  was  obtained  from 
the  steam  engine  and  boiler.  After  this  change 
we  used  our  new  250  H.  P.  steam  boiler  only 
for  running  our  forging  machines  and  heating 
the  plant. 


different  pictures  altogether;  much  more  room 
around  each  tool  now ;  men  not  so  close  to- 
gether in  working,  not  standing  in  bunches  for 
a  photograph,  but  separated  and  isolated  more 
for  the  benefit  of  the  Company. 

BROADWAY  ERECTING  SHOP. 

Cut  No.  229  shows  a  portion  of  our  erecting 
shop  in  1909  on  the  Broadway  end,  being  how- 
ever the  north  side  of  the  erecting  shop  near 


BROADWAY  MACHINE  AND  ERECTING  SHOPS 


Cut  Xo.  :J8— Broadway  Machine  .^hop. 


^% 

Cut  Xo.  229 — South  side  Broadway  Erecting  Shop 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


the  Broadway  end.  The  cluttered  condition  as 
shown  has  since  that  time  been  very  much 
improved  upon,  separated  and  thinned  out  so 
that  the  working;  conditions  are  very  much 
better  than  they  were.  However,  this  is  our 
main  erecting  floor,  but  we  have  another  in  the 
new  building  which  we  term  second  floor,  new 
building  erecting  floor,  where  we  assemble  our 
lighter  class  of  crushers  and  grinders,  which 
floor  is  50  feet  in  width  by  140  feet  in  length. 
We  erect  on  said  floor  principally  feed  grinding 


to  and  re-arranged  for  the  more  commodious 
handling  of  the  work.  All  the  planing  ma- 
chines in  this  section  have  been  taken  out  and 
placed  crosswise  or  at  right  angles  with  the 
machine  shop  extending  north  into  the  new 
building,  and  the  20  ft.  lathe  shown  on  the 
right  hand  side  has  been  moved  north  60  feet 
to  the  north  wall  of  the  new  concrete  building, 
where  electric  cranes  handle  the  goods  to  be 
turned  and  bored  by  electric  power,  much 
more  up-to-date  than  it  was  in   1909.     If  our 


Cut  No.  230— Section  of  Broadway   Machine   Shop 


mills,  and  ]ione  of  our  heavier  grade  of  crush- 
ers. While  in  the  Broadway  erecting  shop,  we 
erect  and  mount  all  the  heavier  grade  of  crush- 
ers, ranging  from  five  tons  in  weight  up  to  30 
tons  in  weight. 

BROADWAY  MACHINE  SHOP. 

Cut  No.  230  shows  the  front  section  of  our 
old  Broadway  machine  shop.  This  section  was 
first  installed  in  1891,  but  since  has  been  added 


photographer  had  taken  his  flashlight  pictures 
at  the  present  time,  anyone  familiar  with  ma- 
chine tools  M-ould  be  able  to  see  a  far  difl'er- 
ently  arranged  machine  shop  or  shops. 

BROADWAY  ERECTING  FLOOR. 

Cut  No.  231  shows  a  section  of  the  south 
side  of  the  Broadway  erecting  shop  on  the 
Montgomery  Street  side.  The  six  workmen 
'shown   in   the   illustration   only   represent   the 


BROADWAY  ERECTING  FLOOR 


Broachvay  end  of  this  erecting  shop,  and  not 
more  than  one-tenth  of  the  whole  floor  is  shown 
where  our  heavier  crushers  and  grinders  are 
assembled. 

BROADWAY  TOOL  ROOM. 

Cut  No.  232  represents  one  of  our  tool  rooms, 
second  floor,  over  the  Broadway  machine  shop 
which  formerly  was  our  office  room.  When 
we  moved  to  this  location,  on  the  6th  of  Febru- 


turned  into  an  office,  and  remained  for  office 
purposes  until  Sept.,  1909,  when  we  put  up 
a  three-story  oft'ice  building  on  Montgomery 
Street.  Also  a  three-story  machine  shop,  40 
ft.  by  72  ft.,  fronting  on  Montgomery  Street, 
and  a  forging  shop  60  ft.  by  100  ft.,  one  story 
in  height,  fronting  the  alley  east.  West  of 
this  is  a  three-story  sheet  metal  shop  fronting 
on  Ninth  Street.  At  this  date  we  moved  our 
offices  to  813  Montgomery  Street  and  built  the 
second  and  third  stories  across  the  alley,  mak- 


Cut   No.  231 — Section   of   Broaclvva\ 


ary,  1891,  this  room  14  ft.  by  38  ft.  was  both 
oft"iee  room  and  pattei'u  shop.  As  an  office 
room  several  million  dollars  in  checks  have 
been  received  and  banked  from  this  office. 
However,  this  department  has  had  its  changes 
as  well  as  other  departments.  When  a  small 
office  was  installed  in  1891,  the  next  move  was 
to  relegate  the  pattern  shop  to  the  extreme 
west  end  of  the  building,  which  was  rebuilt 
and  remodeled  for  a  pattern  shop.  When  this 
change  was  made  the  14  ft.  by  38  ft.  was  all 


ing  same  fireproof  with  cement  floor  and  ceil- 
ing. On  the  first  floor  is  our  receiving  office, 
shipping  office.  Superintendent's  Department, 
Assistant  Superintendent's  Department,  Buy- 
ers' Department,  Time  Keeper's  Department, 
and  Cost  Keeper's  Department.  On  the  second 
floor  of  the  office  building  now  comprising 
three  fairly  large  rooms,  are  located  the  Ac- 
counting Department,  Telephone  Exchange 
Department.  Mailing  Department,  Advertising 
Department,    Filing    Department,    and    in    an 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Cut  No.  233 — Section  of  pattern  shop 


OLD  PATTERN  LOFT 


obscure  corner  the  President's  office,  which  is 
described  in  another  illustration  (Cut  No.  207). 
In  two  rooms  we  have  mezzanine  floors  for 
filing  and  keeping  records  of  previous  years. 

Cut  No.  233  shows  a  section  of  our  old  pat- 
tern and  wood  shop,  which  has  been  moved  into 
the  new  concrete  building  adjoining  the  new 
woodworking  shop  in  which  the  ceiling  is  18 
ft.  in  height,  and  this  woodworking  building 
is  of  concrete  and  50  ft.  in  width  by  140  ft.  in 


equipped  at  that  time  for  a  pattern  loft.  Since 
we  built  in  1917  the  four-story  concrete  build- 
ing (which  was  originally  intended  for  a  three- 
story  building)  and  has  now  been  changed  to 
a  four-story  50  ft.  by  140  ft.,  the  fourth  floor 
is  now  our  fireproof  pattern  loft,  and  probably 
is  the  last  move  for  a  pattern  loft  for  some 
years  to  come;  unless  we  erect  another  four- 
story  building  of  concrete  adjoining,  where  we 
own  the  property,  and  now  have  in  contempla- 


Cut  Xo.  2iA — Section  of  pattern  loft,  \inth   street 


length  and  lighted  with  fenestra  windows  and 
steel  sash,  making  it  fireproof,  light  and  airy. 
The  old  pattern  .shop  shown  in  Cut  No.  233  is 
now  turned  into  a  box  and  crating  shop,  where 
boxes  and  crates  are  made  for  shipping  pur- 
poses and  which  is  eiiuipped  with  suitable  tools 
for  this  work. 

OLD  PATTERN  LOFT  (NINTH  STREET.) 

Cut  No.  234  shows  a  section  of  pattern  loft 
in    the     Ninth     Street     Building    which     was 


tion  at  a  later  date.  We  have  in  all  of  onr 
buildings  under  roof  over  two  acres  of  floor 
space  at  the  present  writing.  The  patterns  in 
the  new  pattern  loft  are  all  shelved,  numbered 
and  properly  labeled  in  their  respective  kinds, 
and  according  to  their  different  styles  of  crush- 
ing and  grinding  machines,  and  a  large  plat- 
form elevator  12  ft.  by  16  ft,  facilitates  the 
handling  of  the  patterns  to  and  from  this 
department. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


OLB  TESTING  DEPARTMENT. 

Cut  No.  235  is  a  section  of  our  old  testing 
plant  up  over  the  erecting  shop,  where  we  have 
14  ditt'erent  kinds  of  machines,  grinders,  for 
manipuhiting  nearly  500  different  samples  of 
goods  which  our  various  machines  reduce,  and 
which  runs  every  working  day  in  the  year  upon 
some  new  kind  of  material  or  different  from 
what  has  been  tested  previously.     A  complete 


of  work  and  capacity.  The  WILLIAMS  PAT- 
ENT CRUSHER  AND  PULVERIZER  COM- 
PANY started  this  business  by  M.  F.  Williams, 
its  President,  simply  upon  guess-work,  and  the 
cut-and-try  plan,  and  in  our  early  history  the 
absolute  determination  of  what  a  grinder  would 
positively  do  it  was  more  or  less  guess  work. 
Just  think  of  a  business  growing  from  a  little 
"acorn"  to  a  million  dollar  business  and  over 
each  year,  and  not  having  once  made  a  finan- 
cial failure.    It  is  almost  a  phenomenon. 


Cut   No.  235— Section  of  tes 


grinding  departme 


record  is  kept  of  all  the  tests  made,  in  tabulated 
form,  showing  the  degree  of  coarseness  and 
fineness;  the  capacities  here  obtained  by  dif- 
ferent sized  crushers  or  grinders,  and  this 
department  becomes  a  most  important,  integral 
part  of  our  business.  We  would  not  attempt  to 
try  to  get  along  without  it  although  we  have 
other  testing  departments  (three  others  in 
number)  in  different  buildings;  and  by  this 
means  all  of  our  agents  are  informed  as  to 
what  grinder  to  recommend  for  a  certain  class 


No.  1  BROADWAY  WAREHOUSE,  SECOND 
FLOOR 

Cut  No.  236  shows  a  section  of  our  No.  1 
Broadway  warehouse,  second  floor,  used  for  a 
storeroom  for  machines  and  goods  not  in  use, 
which  we  often  draw  from  when  a  sale  is  made. 
The  machines  shown  represent  automatic  feed- 
ers for  hay  grinders  principally,  for  reducing 
alfalfa  hay,  and  the  machines  are  only   partly 


BROADWAY  WAREHOUSE 


Cut  Xo.  236— Section  of  Broadway  warehouse,  second  tUn>! 


Cut   No.  Zil — Broadway   warehouse,   front   section 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


equipped,  as  the  automatic  feeders  are  only  a 
portion  of  the  equipment. 

BROADWAY     WAREHOUSE    No.   1,  FIRST 
FLOOR 

Cut  No.  237  shows  the  front  section  of  ware- 
house No.  1,  fronting  on  Broadway,  showing  a 
five-ton  traveler  overhead,  and  a  few  crushing 
machines  ready  for  shipment.  The  remainder 
of  the  space  is  occupied  by  supplies  for  other 


crane  and  five-ton  hoist.  Besides  these  two 
warehouse  and  storage  places,  we  have  five 
other  storage  places  for  receiving,  loading  and 
carrjnng  in  stock  supplies  ready  for  assem- 
bling. 

MAIN  MACHINE  SHOP 

Cut  No.  238  shows  a  middle  section  of  our 
Broadway  machine  shop,  on  the  first  floor, 
knoAvu  as  our  main  machine  shop,  showing  a 


Cut  No.  238 — Broadway  machine  shop,  middle  section 


crushers  and  grinders.  In  this  warehouse  de- 
partment we  usually  maintain  from  $20,000  to 
$25,000  worth  of  supplies ;  but  now  adjoining 
it,  on  the  north  and  fronting  upon  Broadwfty 
and  St.  Louis  avenue,  we  have  since  built  ail- 
other  warehouse  which  contains  many  more 
parts  than  shown  in  this  illustration,  usually 
from  $25,000  to  $50,000  worth  of  supplies  in 
this  warehouse  No.  2.  Wagons  can  be  loaded 
and  unloaded,  also  trucks,  from  this  traveling 


great  variety  of  finished  castings,  ready  to  be 
assembled  into  crushers  and  grinders. 

BROADWAY  ERECTING  SHOP 

Cut  No.  239  shows  a  cross  section  of  one  of 
our  erecting  shops  on  the  right,  and  to  the  left 
h  section  of  one  of  our  machine  shops,  taken 
as  a  whole ;  however,  it  does  not  show  the 
north  side,  which  extends  50  feet  north,  to  the 
left,  beyond  this  picture.     Taken  ns  a  wliole. 


BROADWAY  ERECTING  SHOP 


-    -■    —     '     -    t  .  ^-^^j*%' 

""  ^-   ■    '  ti 

'•■1 

1     iSe^Si- 

-  i  ^ 

\                         ^ 

^^^■^^■iyg|jDB^^^>^?Lf|Jfl 

^1* 

mraj                   ni  iia   i|.H»i 

THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


it  is  a  hundred  feet  in  width  by  one  hundred 
and  forty  feet  in  length,  but  this  half-tone  only 
shows  a  portion  of  it. 

OUR  PRINTING  ESTABLISHMENT 

In  January,  1912,  we  started  our  own  print- 
ing establishment, — a  pet  idea  of  M.  P.  .Wil- 
liams. All  the  other  members  of  the  eompany 
objected   to  this  jirinting  establishment,   upon 


While  the  printing  end  of  the  business  would 
be  a  burden  and  a  millstone  hanged  about  the 
neck  of  ac  editor,  to  M.  F.  Williams  it  is  a 
pleasure  and  a  recreation.  Sidestepping,  get- 
ting up  bulletins  ij  a  pleasure.  Getting  up  small 
catalogs  is  also  a  pleasure.  Whether  it  has 
paid  from  a  financial  standpoint,  it  matters 
not.     From  a  general  advertising  standpoint,  it 


Cut  No.  240— Our  print  shop 


the  ground  that  outsiders  who  printed  upon  a 
larger  scale  than  ourselves,  and  who  were  bet- 
ter prepared,  could  do  our  printing  to  better 
advantage  than  we  could  do  it  ourselves.  Fa- 
ther Williams  has  been  the  editor  of  all  of  our 
bulletins,  but  not  all  of  our  catalogs.  M.  J. 
Williams  of  Chicago  has  been  the  editor  of  our 
catalogs  for  the  past  six  years,  which  speaks 
well  for  his  ability. 


has.  In  reading  letters  from  customers  or  from 
a  would-be  customer,  a  new  idea  comes  to  me. 
I  act  upon  it,  get  up  a  bulletin.  Hence  I  add 
anothei'  leg  to  our  business.  It  may  be  true 
that  an  outside  plant  across  the  street  could 
do  our  work  cheaper,  but  not  better,  and  when 
I  get  an  impulse  about  printing  a  bulletin  it 
must  be  done  instaiiter. 


^^  Over  600  Firms  have  Duplicated  their  orders  from  2  ^^^ 
^^^     crushers  to  10,  20,  30,  and  one  over  100  crushers.      ^^ 

*'-^-»"  Bulletin  No.  107 

B^BOILED  DOWN^®i 

DURABILITY    OF    WILLIAMS    CRUSHERS    AND 
PULVERIZERS 


MACHINE       NO.  I. 
Installed  in  1896 


The  above  cut  represents  machine 
No.  1.  It  is  the  first  practical  and 
commercial  machine  which  we 
built,  which  machine  we  shipped 
February  22nd,  1896,  and  which 
machine  has  been  in  operation  con- 
stantly ever  since,  and  for  all  prac- 
tical purposes  it  is  as  good  as  the 
first  day  it  was  started. 

And  why,  because  our  machines 
are  built  with  a  view  of  renewing 
and  adjusting,  taking  up  the  wear 
as  it  occurs  and  for  this  reason 
alone  we  prolong  the  lives  of  our 
machines  such  a  length  of  time 
which  is  almost  unbelievable. 

This  machine  now  having  been  in 
operation  for  over  24  years  is  a  just 
and  sufficient  reason  why  our 
claims  are  fulfilled. 

Should  any  one  wish  the  above 
facts  verified,  we  can  refer  them  to 
present  users  of  said  machine. 


WILLIAMS  sells 

HIGH  SPEED  1MPER\"10US  BELTING, 

Guaranteed  for  all  High  Speeds.     Write  for  Bulletin. 

WILLIAMS  sells 

HIGH  SPEED  BABBITT  METAL.  Write  for  Particulars. 

The  best  is  always  the  cheapest. 

We   have   used  20  carloads   of   High    Speed    Metal,   or   200 

tons  in  the  past  IS  years,  in  WILLIAMS 

Crushers  Granulators  Slircdders  and 

Pulverizers  Triturators  Masticators 

Grinders  Disintegrators 

Williams  High  Speed  Babbitt  running  for  over  11  years  in 

1  machine  without  renewing.     See  letter  below. 

BABBITT  OVER  11  YEARS  IN  USE 
THE  JUXALl'SKA  LEATHER  CO. 

Hazelwood,  N.  C,  April  19,  1912, 

The  Williams  Patent  Crusher  &  Pulv.  Co., 

St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Dear  Sirs: 

We  have  been  using  one  of  your  No.  2  Bark  Crushers 
here  since  August,  1901.  and  the  machine  is  doing  good 
work;  has  never  been  baiibitted  since  put  in;  the  bearings 
are  in  good  condition  at  this  time, 

Very  truly  yours, 
JUNALL'SKA  LEATHER  CO., 

J.  C.   Fisher, 


WILLIAMS  sells 

BABBITTING  MANDRELS 

Write  for  cut  showing  same  with  description  and  pr 


WILLIAMS  sells 

LUBRIKAT, 

Guaranteed  to  cure  all  ordinar 

Write  and  ask  for  information 


Hot  Journals, 
bout  LUBRIKAT. 


WILLIAMS  Manufactures 

OVER  250  kinds  and  sizes  of 

Crushers 

Pulverizers 

Granulators 

Disintegrators 


Grinders 
Masticators 
Triturators  and  e 
Nutmeg  Graters. 


WILLIAMS 

Builds   Plants   Complete   from   the   ground  up. 

WILLIAMS 

Maintains  an  ENGINEERING  DEPARTMENT. 
WILLIAMS   Patent   Pneumatic   System,   Investigate. 
WILLIAMS  Machines  in  over  SO  Foreign  Countries. 

WILLIAMS  has  shipped 

9149  Tons  of  Crushers,  Pulverizers  and  Grinders. 

If  machines  were  placed  end   to  end,   they   would   cover  4 

miles  of  road  or  street. 

If    placed    one    on    top    of    another,    they    would    reach    4 

miles  into   the  sky. 

If  loaded  onto  cars,  would  require 

600  cars  of  20,000  pounds  each  to  carry  them,  or 

30  train  loads  of  20  cars  each,  or 

a  train  6'/,  miles  in  length. 


LIST    OF  A   FEW    MATERIALS    GROUND    ON 
WILLIAMS    MILLS 


NUMBER  OF  MACHINES  ON  EACH  MATERIAL 


No.  of 
Machines 

A 

Alfalfa— Crushers  and  Grinders 103 

Apricot   Kernels 1 

Anthracite    Screenings 2 

Ashes   5 

Asphalt  Rock  30 

Animal  Charcoal  1 

Asbestos    8 

Algeroba   Beans   1 

Analite   Ore 1 

Asbestos    Rock 1 

Asbestos  Fibre 1 

Acorn  Hulls 1 

Anise   Seeds 1 

Alfalfa  Seeds  1 

B 

Barvtes  Ore  3 

Burned  Granite 1 

Bi-Carbonate  of  Soda 11 

Burned  Clay  1 

Bark  54 

Bones   119 

Bran,   Wheat   1 

Barley   Screenings  1 

Blue  Grass  Seeding 3 

Brush   3 

Ballast   1 

Buckwheat  Hulls  7 

Brick  Bats  10 

Bricquette  Coal  Grinding 7 

Brass  Foundry  Dross 3 

Borax  2 

Beef  Scrap  10 

Brazil   Cotton   Seed 2 

Books  (Old)  Shredding 1 

Bark   102 

Bagasse  from  Sugar  Cane 1 

Burlap    1 

Bone  Tankage  1 

Blood  Tankage  1 

Borings  (Cast  Iron) 1 

Beef  and  Onions  1 

Burnt  Lime  1 

Beans  1 

Burnt  Tile  1 

Burnt   Magnesite   1 

Broken  Chinaware  1 

Broken  Stoneware  1 

Broken  Pottery  1 

Broken  Saggers  I 

Blocks  CWood)  1 

Barrel  Staves  1 

Broom  Corn  1 

Brush   (From   Woods) 1 

Barley    1 

C 

Coal    298 

Chemicals   6 

Copra  S 

Cotton  Seed  Hulls 7 

Cotton  Seed   Cake 13 

Caustic   Soda  2 

Coal    (Wet)   2 

Coal  Pitch  1 

Chalk   6 

Cement  Rock  4 

Clay    45 

Corn  in  the  Ear 10 

Corn   (Snapped)   13 

Corn   Husks  2 

Corn  Bran 5 

Corn  Fodder  and  Corn  Chop...... 2 

Corn  Cobs  32 

Corn  Cake  S 

Corn,  Shelled  2 

-2  - 


No.  of 
Machines 


Corn   (Kaffir)    2 

Conglomerate  Quartz  Rock 4 

Cotton  Seed  Oil  Cake 34 

Clam  Shells  21 

Castor  Bean  Pumice  and  Hulls 6 

Calcined   Magnesite  3 

Conglomerate  Sand  and  Stone 6 

Coal    Cinders  1 

Coke,  Crushers  IS 

Cement  Clinker  9 

Caustic  Lime  2 

Coral  Limestone  2 

Carborundum    1 

Crab  Scrab  1 

Cocoanut   Shells   3 

Charcoal    7 

Cork  13 

Candy    1 

Chips  for  Extract  Manufacturers....  39 

Chips   (Pine)   41 

Chips  for  Paper  Making 19 

Gullet  12 

Coffee  6 

Chile   Peppers   3 

Clinker.  Cement 1 

Condensite    1 

Cement   Sacks   (Shredded) 1 

Cotton  Bags  (Shredded) 1 

Carbonate   Magnesia  1 

Cornstalks  1 

Cattle  Manure  1 

Cellulose   1 

Codfish  1 

Cotton  Stalks  1 

Cotton  Hose  1 

Capsicums    1 

Cotton  Bolls  1 

Cotton  Seeds  1 

Clover  Hay  1 

Clover   Seeds  1 

Cohozo   Nuts  1 

Cocoanut  Fibre  1 

Corsets  (Women's)  1 

Core  Sand  1 

Cotton,  Ducks 1 

Cactus    1 

Candalia    Weed    1 

Cypus  1 

Caon  Rock 1 

Cerea  Malta  1 

Crackers    (Broken) 1 

Cinnamon   ] 

Cloves    1 


Debris  in  Coal  Mines 1 

Dry  Pan  Tailings 1 

Dry  Wood   2 

Drugs  3 

Dough  Stock  for  Paper 1 

Dried  Tile  1 

Dextrim   of   Maltose 1 

Disinfectant   1 


Egyptan  Cotton  Seed.. 

Expeller  Cake 

Expeller   Corn 

Excelsior 

Ear  Corn  

Emery  Wheels  

Egyptian  Clay  


No.  of 
Machines 
F 

Feed   23 

Fertilizer 42 

Fire  Clay  22 

Feldspar    1 

Furnace  Slag  3 

Fire    Proofing   2 

Ferro  Manganese  1 

Fish    6 

Flax  Straw  '. 1 

Feathers  1 

Foundry   Facings  2 

Fire  Clay  Tailings 2 

Floated   Barytes  1 

Fire  Clay  (Calcined) 1 

Fire  Brick  2 

Fuller's  Earth   2 

Fiber    1 

Flax  and  Repressed  Trimmings 1 

Felt,  Shredded 1 

Flax  Shives  1 

Fenugreek 1 

G 

Guayule  IS 

Gluten  Feed  3 

Granite    2 

Glass  : 14 

Garbage  8 

Gilsonite    2 

Gold   Ore   2 

Guano    2 

Glucose  Corn  1 

Glustock   6 

Gypsum  Rock  39 

Glucose  Sugar  1 

Gravel  : 2 

Gunny   Sacks  1 

Gelatin  Material  1 

Grain    1 

Greasy  Bones 1 

Granite  Rock  1 

Graphite    1 

Graphite  Ore  1 

Garbanzo   Veins   1 

Garbanzo   Straw  1 

Grainless   Leather   1 

Grain   Leather  1 

Ginger  1 

Gniess 1 

H 

Horns   and   Hoofs 8 

Hydraulic  Cement  S 

Hydrated  Lime  3 

Hominy  Feed 2 

Horse  Manure  3 

Herbs 1 

Hides   1 

Hemlock  Bark  1 

Hard  Carbon  1 

Hose,  Shredded  1 

I 

Iron  Ore 3 

Iron  Turnings  1 

Iron  Lignite  1 

Iron  Oxide  1 

K 

Kanit  for  Fertilizer 1 

Kaolin    8 

Kaolinite  1 


LIST  OF  A  FEW  MATERIALS  GROUND  ON 
WILLIAMS  MILLS-Continued 


NUMBER  OF  MACHINES  ON  EACH  MATERIAL 


No.  of 
Machines 


Lime  

Limestone  

Linseed  Cake  

Linoleum    Scrap   

Lava  

Leather  Strap  13 

Lignite   Material  

Licorice  Root  - 

Locust  Beans 

Logs  of  Palmetto  

Linseed  Cake  Tailings 

Linseed  Screenings  

M 

Mine  Debris  2 

Manganese  Ore  5 

Moulding  Sand  2 

Marble  Grit  and  Flour 3 

Mixer  

Marl    

Metallic  Oxide  Color 

Mica   

Mud 

Meat  Scrap  

Magnesite  

Manure    

Metallic  Yarn  

Muslin,  Shredded  

Moss 

Mace 

Minerals    - 

Myrobalans  Ground  for  Tanning 

Mineral   Paint  

Mixed  Drugs  

Malt  Sugar  Grains 

N 

Nitrate  of  Soda - - - 

Nitre   Cake  - 

Nuts  - - 

Nutmegs   

O 

Oat  Hulls 

Oil  Cake  .    .  

Onions    (Green) 

Ore   

Oxide  of  Iron  

Ovster  Shells  

Oats    

Open  Hearth  Cinder 

Onion  Salt  

P 

Paint  

Plumbago   

Peat    

Pilch  

Pyrites  Cinders  

Paper  Stock  

Phosphate    Pebbles   

Plaster  

Palmetto  Root 

Poultry  Food  

Peanut  Hulls  

Plaster  Paris  

Peavine  Hay  

Pumice  Stone  

Polish  

Pulp  Paper  

Palm  Leaves  


No.  of 

Machines 

P 

Phosphate   Rock  1 

Pottery  Clay  .-  1 

Potatoes  for  Starch  1 

Q 

Quartz   Rock  1 

Quick  Lime 6 

R 

Rags.  Shredding  for  Paper 11 

Retarder 1 

Rock  9 

Rubber  Scrap  ._ 2 

Rubber  Weed 2 

Rice  Straw  2 

Rice   Hulls   2 

Rubbish  2 

Resin    2 

Rubber  Tires  1 

Rubber  Shoes  -  1 

Rubber   Packing  1 

Rubber  Belt  1 

Rubber   Root  1 

Rawhide    1 

Rubber  Turnings 1 

Rock  Char  (Chick  Food) _.  1 

Refuse  Waste 1 

Red  Peppers 1 

Red  Shale  _ 1 

Rejected    Silver    Chips. 1 

Rope  1 

Rve 1 


Shellac  1 

Soap  Powder  4 

Silica  1 

Shale  Tailings  for  Brick  Yards 14 

Sweepings  ....- 1 

Sulphate  of  Iron 2 

Stone    1 

Sandal   Wood   Chips 1 

Shavings    11 

Sugar 13 

Sheep  Manure  5 

Saw  Dust ■ 1 

Salt  Cake  3 

Salt  2 

Spices    5 

Sticlac  1 

Stock  Food 2 

Sand    Rock   - 44 

Shale  for  Brick 64 

Sugar  Cane  Fodder 1 

Screenings  for  Food 6 

Sulphur    3 

Soya  Bean  Cake 1 

Snufif  1 

Sausage   1 

Salt  Grass 1 

Swamp  Hay  1 

Soft  Carbon I 

Snap  Corn  - 1 

Sand   1 

Sandv  Clay :....  1 

Sand  Stone  1 

Sesquioxide  Iron  1 

Stone  Root  _.  1 

Sulphite  Paper  1 

Shelled    Corn 1 


No.  of 
Machines 

s 

Sole  Leather  1 

Steamed  Bones  1 

Shives,  Shredded  1 

Shucks,    1 

Straw   1 

Seed   Hay  1 

Stock  Rope  or  Twine,  Shredded 1 

Scrags    • : 1 

Soap    1 

Stearic  ."^cid  1 

Sassafras   Root  1 

Soda   1 

St.  John's  Bread 1 

Shrubbery  1 

Saw  Mill  Waste 1 

Sisal    : 1 

Sugar  Cane  Stalks 1 

T 

Tirnber  Ends  1 

Tin     Ore  1 

Tobacco  Stems  and  Refuse 7 

Turpentine  Chips  12 

Tankage  16 

Tobacco  Tags  1 

Tobacco  1 

Tobacco  Leaves  1 

Tobacco  Stalks  1 

Talc,  Powdered  1 

Tripoli 1 

Tailings,    Ground 1 

Tree  Limbs.  Shredded 1 

Turpentine  Cups  1 

V 

Veneer  Scrap  2 

Vanadium    Ore   2 

Volcanic  Ash  5 

Vegetable   Ivory  1 

W 

Wheat    Knuckles    8 

Wood  Fiber  1 

Wood  Scrap  - 9 

Waste  Packing  Box  Shredding 1 

Wood  Chips  7 

Waste  Plaster  5 

Wheat  Dough  1 

Wheat   Screenings 1 

Wheat  Bran  1 

Wood  Pulp  1 

Wet  Paper  1 

Wattle  Bark  for  Tanning 1 

White  Clay  1 

Wax,   Granulated   1 

Wheat  Straw  1 

Waste  Felt  1 

Y 

Yellow  Pine  Chips 1 

Yellow    Pine   Shavings 1 

Yellow  Pine  Blocks 1 

Yellow  Pine  Boards 1 

Yellow    Ochre 1 

Z 

Zinc  Dross  - 1 

Zinc  Scum  1 

Zinc  Ore  1 

Zinc  Clinker  1 


For  further  information  kindly  write  to 

The   Williams   Patent   Crusher   &   Pulverizer   Co. 

ST.  LOUIS,  MO.,  U.  S.  A. 


LIST  OF  A  FEW  MATERIALS  GROUND  ON 
WILLIAMS  MILLS-Continued 


Apple  Grit? 

Absorbent  Cotton 

Analite  Ore 

Arsenate  of  Lead 

Auto  Tires 

Apple  Pumice  ' 

Acetanilid 

Aluminum  Steurate 

Aluminum  Resinate 

Aterial 

Aluminum  Silicate 

Ash  Veneer 

Antrox 

Aniline  Dyes 

B 
Beef  Sinews 
Blood  Root 
Boiler  Compound 
Burnt  Tile 
Baruim  Carbonate 
Biachromate  of  Potash  Crystals 
Beta-Naphthol 
Brass  Turnings 
Broken  Phonograph   Records 
Bagasse  Leaves 

Bleached  Straw  Braid  Clippings 
Bauxite 

Beer  Bottle  CuUet 
Black  Pepper 
Balsam  Bark 
Bean  Cake 
Blanc  Fixe 
Bananas 


Chrome  Yellow 

Climoid 

Cross  Wraps 

Cotton  Bolls 

Crude  Naphtholine 

Congoleum  Scrap 

Chloride  of  Mica 

Cohune  Nuts 

Crude  Rubber 

Coney  Tails 

Crude  Violet 

Cracklings 

Casin 

Chuchum  Bark 

Cheat 

Calcium  Carbonate 

Carbonaceous  Shale 

Clover  Seed  Screenings 

Copper  Scales 

Composition 

Cannabis  Americanus. 

Chili  Peppers 

Congo  Gum 

Cottage  Cheese 

Copperas  Crystals 

Caster  Seed  Hulls 

Cohoroxho 

Corozo  Nuts 

Cardui  Herb 

Cassavi  Root 

Chickle 

Chicory 

Carpets 


Divi  Divi  Beans 
Disc  Record  Scrap 
Diphenylamine 
Dried  Blood 
Dicarbonate  of  Soda 
Dough  Balls 


Friction   Fabric 

Fire  Proof— Box  Hard 

Floor  Hardener 

Flock 

Fossil  Ore 

Finished  SnufT 


Gum  Copal 

Green  Starch 

Gummed  Fabric  Waste 

Gypsum  Sand 

Grass 

Graphite  and  Grite  (Mixed) 

Gilsonite  Screenings 

Gray   Cleaner 

Green  Coffee 

Gum  Benzion 

Gum  Arabic 

Glauber  Salts 

Gypsite 

Gin  Sang  Root 

H 

Henbane  Branches 
Hard  Coal 
Hard  Rubber  Scrap 
Hog  Powders 
Hemp  Hurds 
Hickory  Shavings 


Infusorial  Earth 

Ice   Cream  Cone  Trimmings 


Epsom   Salts 

English  Walnut  Shells 


Kesselguhr 
Kiln  Bone  Black 
Kelp  (Dry) 


Lead  Ore 

Leather  Tankage  (Hard) 

Leather  Tankage   (Soft) 

Lucite 

Lump  Camphor 

Lime  Soap 

Linaboc  Wood 

Lye 

Lace  Curtains 

M 

Mangrove  Bark 

Mangate  of  Soda 

Mineral  Sulphate  of  Stronita 

Macaroni   (Broken) 

N 

Nodulized  Alumina 

Newspapers 

Nux  Vomica  Beans 

Nicotine  Paper 

Nitrate  of  Lime 


Oil  Shale 

Oat  Straw 

Ocher 

Offale 

Oxide  of  Lead 

Osage  Orange   Chips 

Oxilic  Acid 


Pecan   Shells 
Parchment  Paper 
Peanut  Stems 
Paper  Drinking  Cups 
Pressed  Fish  Scrap 


Paraflfine  Wax 
Petroleum  Coke 
Potash 

Pigeon  Manure 
Palm  Kernels 
Preserved  Peaches 
Pepsin  Skins 
Pumpkins  (Dried) 
Para  Nitroaniline 
Palm  Kernel  Nuts 


Quartz  Rock 
Quebracho  Chips 


Rosin 

Red  Wood  Bark 

Residue 

Roofing  Paper 

Red  Ore 

Red  Pigment 

Raphanum  Seed 


Sea    Grass 

Silver  Salt 

Soap  Chips 

Sulfanilic  Acid 

Sumac  Leaves 

Steel  Turnings 

Sodic  Aluminic  Sulphate 

Saratoga  Chips 

Sienna 

Silica  Aluminum 

Silicate  of  Magnesia 

Sotol  Pines 

Sponge  Clippings 

Slate 

Sorghum  Seeds 

Sage 

Shell  Dust 

Sulphide  of  Silver 

Scum  Cake  (Dried) 

Seasanum  Seed 


Tapioca 

Tile  (Burnt) 

Telegram  Blanks 

Tire  Fabric 

Transformer  Compound 

Tar 

Trading  Stamps 

Toxement 

Tile  Piping 


Vegetables 
Velvet  Beans 
Volcanic  Rock 
Varella   Bark 
Vine  Cactus 


Wax  Paper 
White  Factice 
Wire  Scrap 
White  Lead 
Wire  Glass 


Yucca  Glauca  Grass 
Z 


OUK  ]\IAXUFACTURING  PLANT 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


In  March,  1918,  Herman  Roling,  who  had 
charge  of  our  printing  establishment  for  six 
years  previously,  bought  out  our  machinery 
and  since  then  has  run  it  on  his  own  account, 
taking  outside  work.  He  has  done  all  of  our 
printing  at  regular  rates,  as  we  have  continued 
our  custom  of  advertising  our  new  ideas  to 
get  them  before  the  milling  and  other  trades  in 
the  way  that  has  proved  so  successful  in  the 
past.  We  liave  therefore  kept  him  fairly  busy 
on  our  work,  and  at  the  same  time  he  has  been 


der  press,  capable  of  making  1,500  impressions 
per  hour.  This  machine  when  new  cost  $3,200, 
but  he  obtained  it  secondhand  and  it  is  in  good 
condition  and  it  cost  him  installed  $1,200.  The 
present  Williams  History  is  now  being  printed 
on  this  press. 

OUR  MANUFACTURING  PLANT 

Cut  No.  241  represents  a  portion  of  our 
present  building  at  Broadway  and  Montgomery 
street,   extending  to   St.   Louis  avenue   on  the 


Cut  No.  242 — Our  infant  crusher 


able  to  add  to  his  income  by  working  up  trade 
for  himself  by  outside  jobs.  In  this  way  we 
have  saved  paying  him  for  the  time  in  which 
he  might  have  been  idle,  and  he  has  charged 
us  the  regular  rates,  which  we  believe  to  be 
less  than  such  work  would  have  been  charged 
for  elsewhere,  and  has  done  it  to  our  satisfac- 
tion. 

In  1920  Herman  Roling  added  to  his  e(iuip- 
ment  a  2ri  x  HO  two-revolution  AVhitlock  evlin- 


right  and  up  to  Ninth  street  on  the  left,  par- 
tially constructed  of  concrete,  one  portion  of 
brick  and  a  contemplated  finish  of  concrete, 
which  building  possibly  will  eventually  cover 
the  block.  It  is  the  result  of  hard  study, 
arduous  labor,  constant  belief  in  one's  ability 
to  accomplish  something  worth  while.  From 
these  corners  the  name  Williams  has  gone  to 
the  four  corners  of  the  Morld  almost,  and  is 
known  as  the  greatest  exclusively  crusher  and 
pulverizer   establishment   in   the   whole   world. 


OUR  PNEUMATIC  FAMILY 


Cut  No.  243 — A  pyramid  of  our  grinders 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


It  started  from  an  idea  which  has  been  fully 
explained  in  the  evolution  of  M.  F.  Williams' 
history,  and  also  that  portion  which  relates 
to  the  Williams  Patent  Crusher  and  Pulver- 
izer Company's  business, — a  business  which 
has  grown  to  both  eminence  and  fame,  from 
a  one-man  idea;  and  having  started  with  but 
$1000.00,  a  business  which  has  expended  at 
least  $200,000  in  experimenting  alone,  as  there 
was  no  other  way  to  find  out  without  experi- 
mentation; and  now,  in  our  twenty-second 
year,  we  are  experimenting  more  and  greater 
than  ever,  and  reaching  out  with  our  various 


OUR  GROWING  OUTPUT 

Cut  No.  243  represents  a  pyramid  of  our 
pneumatic  line  of  grinders.  The  bottom  ma- 
chine with  suction  fan  attached,  for  blowing 
the  product  up  into  a  building,  into  a  dust- 
collecting  system,  is  of  a  size  much  larger  than 
a  full-grown  man  his  head  only  reaching  about 
to  the  half  of  the  top  of  the  fan  piping.  This 
we  might  properly  term  our  "pneumatic  fam- 
il.y, "  where  we  handle  goods  entirely  by  air. 

The  seventh  machine  on  the  top  represents 
our  "Infant,"  the  smallest  machine  we  build 


.'V 

V 


'  •  '  v;    -^ 


Cut   No.   244— Our    Mammoth    Crusher 


tentacles   for  more   worlds  to   con(iuer   in   the 
crushing  and   grinding  field. 

OUR   BEGINNING 

Cut  No.  242  represents  the  beginning  of  our 
business  in  a  small  way,  as  the  infant  holds  in 
his  lap  a  model  of  our  Infant  Crusher.  "Great 
oaks  from  little  acorns  grow,"  and  we  have 
likewise  grown  in  fifty  years  from  a  small 
one-horse  concern  to  a  plant  doing  over  a  mil- 
lion  dollars'   worth    of   business   each   year. 


of   this   family,    and    each   one   of   said   family 
is  built  in  sizes  from  8  to  10. 

In  the  seven  sizes,  we  have  depicted  a  suf- 
ficient number  to  give  the  reader  an  idea  of 
OTir  line  of  crushing  and  grinding  machines. 
If  \ye  were  to  go  on  down  the  line,  we  would 
go  down  and  take  in  the  "Jumbos,"  which  are 
made  in  ten  standard  sizes  with  the  largest 
weighing  about  30  tons. 

We  have  a  still  larger  line  called  the  "Mam- 
moth," which  is  represented  bj'  Cut  No.  245, 


OUR  MAMMOTH  CRUSHER 


showing  eight  full-grown  men  standing  in  the 
hopper,  which  Mammoth  crushers  weigh  from 
35  to  40  tons. 

OUR   JUMBO   BULLETIN    No.   40-A 

We  manufactured  and  shipped  our  hrst 
Jumbo  Crusher  December  24,  1904.  At  this 
time,  this  Jumbo  Crusher  was  the  largest  we 
had  built.  It  was  tried  as  an  experiment  in 
West  Virginia,  upon  crushing  coal  for  mak- 
ing coke.  The  results  obtained  from  this 
crusher   elicited  from   the   users   a   second   or- 


The  Jumbo  made  in  eight  separate  and  dis- 
tinct sizes:  The  Giant  Universal  Limestone 
Grinder  (Cut  No.  248),  made  in  9  standard 
sizes,  and  the  Mammoth  Type  Crusher,  which 
has  been  used  now  extensively  in  Cement 
Plants,  Gypsum  Plants,  Iron  Ore  Plants,  and 
other  plants  of  a  similar  nature.  Bulletin  No. 
ITS  partially  describes  our  Mammoth  Crushers. 
The  Mammoth  is  built  in  six  standard  sizes, 
and  to  give  the  operator  some  understanding 
of  the  capacity  of  this  Giant  Crusher,  it  will 
be  noticed  by  Cut  No.  245  with  eight  full-size 
men    standing    in    the     hopper    of    this    Giant 


Cut  No.  245— Eight  men  in  our  Mammoth  Crusher 


der,  both  of  which  were  to  some  extent  ex- 
periments ;  and  these  two  crushers  were  oper- 
ated for  about  one  year  and  a  half  continu- 
ously and  most  successfully  until  the  same 
corporation  ordered  nearly  a  dozen  more  of 
these  Jumbo  Crushers.  Since  that  time  the 
Jumbos  have  become  very  popular,  not  only  in 
crushing  coal  for  coke  making,  but  for  crush- 
uig  limestone  in  Cement  Plants  and  other 
plants,  for  the  various  uses  which  limestone 
is  required,  and  our  Bulletin  No.  40A  now  com- 
prises from  several  years  of  experience  three 
classes  of  large  crushers  and  grinders,  viz. : 


Ci'usher,  will  give  an  oljservor  a  very  good 
idea  of  the  size  and  capacity  of  this  Mam- 
moth Crusher  by  the  general  specification  de- 
scribed  on  page  7   of  this  bulletin,   No.  40-A. 

And  for  further  evidence,  referring  to  Cut 
No.  244,  will  give  a  further  understanding  of 
the  size  and  strength  of  this  Mammoth 
Crusher. 

Also  Cut  No.  246  shows  a  carload  of  ore 
ready  to  be  dumped  into  the  mouth  of  the 
Crusher. 


THE     WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


TIMIDITY   IN   STARTING   OUR   SMALLER 
SIZES 

Our  Company  liave  been  very  timid  in  in- 
troducing' our  Jumbo  family,  our  Giant  Family 
and  our  Mammoth  familj'  of  crushers.  Now 
haA-ing  been  21  years  before  the  crushing 
and  grinding  public  and  having  placed  upon 
the  market  between  four  and  five  thousand  of 
these  crushers  of  the  Hammer  Type,  and  other 
types  not  mentioned  here,  we  feel  justi^ed  in 
stating  that  we  now  have  in  successful  opera- 
tion more  ei'ushers  and  grinders,  and  these  are 


tieipated  and  so  much  greater  than  our  cus- 
tomers required,  that  we  found  it  necessary 
to  go  down  the  scale  and  reduce  our  sizes 
from  a  No.  1  down  to  a  No.  0. 

For  several  years  we  continued  manufactur- 
ing the  No.  0  size,  and  even  this  size  was  too 
great  for  many  manufacturers  in.  a  smaller 
way.  After  a  certain  number  of  years  of  con- 
stant practice  in  manufacturing  and  selling, 
many  smaller  operations  called  for  a  still 
smaller  pulverizer  than  the  No.  0.  We  then 
decided  to  build  a  No.  00,  hundreds  of  which 


Cut  No.  246 — Dumping  ore  by  the  carload  into  our  Mammoth  Crusher 


^operating  successfully  on  a  greater  variety  of 
materials  than  any  crusher  or  grinder  institu- 
tion of  whom  we  know  or  of  whom  we  have 
any  record. 

GOING  BACKWARDS 

Our  Company  did  not  grow  regularly  in  the 
adoption  of  our  patent  hinged  hammer  type 
of  crushers.  We  stai'ted  in  a  haphazard  way. 
First,  starting  with  Avhat  we  termed  a  No.  1 
size,  after  placing  (juite  a  number  of  these 
crushers  upon  the  market,  we  found  that  the 
capacities  were  so  much   greater  than  we  an- 


have  been  built  and  sold,  and  they  even  have 
proved  too  large  for  still  smaller  operations. 

THE    INFANT 

We  then  saw  it  became  necessary  to  manu- 
facture a  still  smaller  grinder,  which  we 
termed  the  Infant,  and  at  this  stage  of  the 
game  we  have  concluded  to  stop.  But  in 
reality,  and  in  fact,  a  Jumbo  user,  a  Giant 
user,  and  a  Mammoth  user,  would  wonder  why 
and  how  these  very  small  grinders  would  in- 
terest them. 


OUR  JUMBO  CRUSHERS 


LABORATORY  SERVICE 

We  no^v  explain  why  the  smaller  grinders 
will  interest  a  larger  manufacturer.  It  is  be- 
cause they  can  be  used  for  laboratory  service 
or  experimental  service;  therefore  every  large 
manufacturer  who  does  crushing  and  grinding 
should  have  an  Infant  grinder,  or  possibly  a 
little  larger  size,  in  his  laboratory  or  experi- 
mental room ;  and  for  this  reason  only  are  we 
going  backward  and  enumerating  our  smaller 
machines  and  explaining  how  they  would  in- 
terest those  using  the  larger  class  of  crushers 


manufactured  and  sold  80  of  them,  ranging  in 
weight  from  11  tons  each  to  50  tons  each. 

IRON  ORE 

Cut  No.  247  illustrates  the  installation  of  a 
No.  1)  Mammoth  Williams  Crusher  ready  to 
receive  a,  6-toii  piece  of  iron  ore.  While  these 
large  pieces  are  not  the  regular  feed  to  this 
crusher,  they  do  have  them  occasionally,  and 
about  50  per  cent  of  the  product  is  fed  to  this 
crusher  in  one  and  two-ton  pieces. 


r^^M 


and  grinders.  And  even  yet,  we  have  been 
called  upon  innume)'al)lc  times  to  fui-nish  a 
hand-grinder,  but  we  have  decided  not  to 
make  one. 


POPULARITY    OP    OUR   JUxMBO.    GIANT 
AND   MAMMOTH    CRUSHERS 

Thus  far  in  1917,  this  being  the  first  of 
June,  we  have  booked  orders  for  24  of  these 
large  crushers,  and  since  the  beginning  of  in- 
troduction of  this  class  of  CT'ushei's,  we  have 


COAL  CRUSHING 

Tlio  Jumbo  Crusher  had  its  origin  in  the 
coal  field  in  connection  with  coke  ovens,  and 
for  20  yeai's  we  have  manufactured  coal  crush- 
ers that  are  veiy  important  units  in  the  coke 
industry.  The  increasing  demand  for  by- 
product coke  created  a  demand  for  a  crushing 
unit  mucli  laigoi'  Ihaii  the  standard  machines 
on  the  mai-ket;  a:;  usual,  we  were  called  upon 
to  design  and  develop  such  units,  which  re- 
sulted in  the  Williams  Jumbo  Crushers. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


THE   SCOPE   OF   THE   WILLIAMS  JUMBO 
AND  MAMMOTH  CRUSHERS 

The  ol>ject  in  using  the  Williams  Jumbo  and 
Mammoth  Crushers  in  the  ([uarry  end  of  ce- 
ment plants  and  other  large  industries  where 
limestone,  shale  and  coal  are  reduced  in  quan- 
tities,  is  to  reduce  bv   one  unit   what   is  now 


material  on  the  first  break  to  about  8-ineh  or 
10-inch  size.  The  material  is  then  reduced 
gradually  by  smaller  crushers,  using  in  some 
eases  three  and  four  installations  of  the  small- 
er crushers  at  each  reduction,  an  elevator  and 
quite  fre(iuently  screens  are  used,  taking  out 
the  finer  product  and  returning  the  rejections 
fi'om  the  screen  to  a  smaller  crusher,  thereby 


Cut  No    248— Our  Gunt  In 


done  in  many  plants  bj^  three  and  four  units 
of  other  crushers  with  elevators  and   screens. 

It  has  been  for  years  past  (|uite  common 
practice  to  employ  at  the  crushing  plant  first 
a  very  large  Gyratory,  Jaw,  or  Roll  Crusher, 
to  take  the  quarry  size  stone  as  it  comes  in 
cars  loaded  bv  steam  shovels,  and  reduce  the 


gradually    reducing   this    stone    down    to    suit- 
able size  for  di'vers  or  other  purposes. 

The  Williams  Jumbo  and  Mammoth  Crush- 
ers take  the  place  of  these  intermediate  crush- 
ers, by  taking  the  stone  directly  from  the 
large  crushers,  in  8-ineh  and  10-inch  cubes, 
and   reducing  at    one   operation   to   li-inch,   1- 


OUR  FOUR-STORY  CONCRETE  BUILDING 


inch  or  f-inch,  as  desired;  and  in  doing-  this 
work  in  one  operation  no  screens  are  neces- 
sary, and  it  is  onlj'  necessary  to  elevate  the 
product,  after  crushing;,  to  suitable  storage 
bins. 

Aside  from  doing  away  with  a  number  of 
the  smaller  crushers  which  saves  many  thou- 
sands   of    dollars    in    purchase    price,    cost    of 


OUR  NEW  CONCRETE  BUILDING  No.  8 
(BUILT  IN  1916-17) 

No.  8-one  of  our  group,  is  a  recently  com- 
pleted concrete  building,  built  to  stand  for 
ages,  which  will  give  us  28,000  additional 
square  feet  of  surface.  First  tloor  is  devoted 
to  heavy  machine  working  tools  and  is  equipped 
with  two  traveling  cranes  having  electrical  and 


Cut  Xo.  249— Our 


installation,  room  occupied  by  such  machinery, 
and  a  saving  in  cost  of  building  construction 
to  cover  this  (juantity  of  machinery,  the 
Williams  Jumbo  Crusher  also  produces  a 
greater  tonnage  per  hoi-sc  power,  and  the  cost 
of  maintenance  is  considerably  less  on  the 
three  or  four  interTnediate  installations  men- 
tioned above  and  frequently  used. 


pneumatic  hoists  for  taking  care  of  the  cast- 
ings of  various  sizes  and  kinds  for  the  con- 
struction of  a  variety  of  Crushers  and  Grind- 
ers. This  building  is  steam  heated,  electrically 
lighted,  with  the  latest  make  of  machine  tools 
electrically  driven,  equipped  with  an  electric 
elevator,  also  a  Humphrey  elevator  for  trans- 
porting workmen  from  bottom  floor  to  pattern 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


loft,  which  will  accommodate  six  persons  at  a 
time  and  save  the  expense  of  the  main  ele- 
vator, which  is  12x17  feet.  On  the  first  floor 
of  this  new  building,  it  is  equipped  upon  the 
most  modern  designs  known  in  up-to-date  ma- 
chine shop  equipment,  with  individual  motors 
for  each  machine  tool.  It  is  also  supplied  with 
a  transformer  room,  absolutely  fireproof,  lat- 
est and  up-to-date,  installed  by  the  General 
Electric  Co.  The  boiler  room  is  supplied  by  a 
pneumatic  ash  hoist,  which  will  elevate  the 
ashes  into  a  steel  tank  attached  to  the  side  of 
the  building  with  a  hopper  and  lever  under- 
neath, so  that  when  the  lever  throws  the  slides, 
the  teamster  can  fill  his  wagon  with  ashes  with- 
out going  aloft.  No  more  shoveling  of  ashes 
by  hand,  no  more  hand  handling  of  any 
material. 

This  building  is  equipped  throughout  with 
metal  sash  and  wire-glass  to  conform  to  the 
City  Building  Regulations  and  Fire-Safety 
Hazards.  All  parts  of  this  floor  and  all  floors 
are  thoroughly  lighted  with  prism  ribbed  glass 
which  diffuses  light,  and  is  also  provided  with 
hinge  sash  for  airing.  Our  new  boiler  is  a 
Hawley  down-draft  smokeless  water-tvibe  and 
absolutely  up-to-date ;  our  coal  bin  is  in  a 
basement  upon  a  level  with  the  fireroom.  Coal 
will  be  discharged  from  wagons  into  the  coal 
bin.  Everything  upon  this  floor  is  absolutely 
fireproof  and  of  the  very  latest  equipment. 

First  story  in  heiglit,  20  feet ;  second  story, 
18  feet;  third  story,  17  feet;  fourth  story,  a 
Pattern  Loft  of  10  feet  in  height. 

SECOND    FLOOR 

The  second  floor,  devoted  to  a  machine  shop 
and  erecting  floor  for  a  lighter  class  of  Grind- 
ei'S,  is  equipped  with  trolleys,  air  hoists,  elec- 
tric hoists,  transportation  trvicks,  and  all  the 
latest  designs  of  labor-saving  devices  for  the 
quickest  possible  way  of  manufacturing  a 
small  line  of  Crushers  and  Grinders  in  lots  to 
facilitate  work  and  economy  of  cost. 

Each  machine  on  tliis  floor  is  also  e(iuipped 
with  an  individual  motor;  a  special  motor  of 
35  H.  P.  is  used  for  testing  out  Grinders  and 


running  them  up  to  speed  before  they  are  pro- 
nounced ready  for  shipment. 

The  building  throughout  every  department 
has  been  provided  with  the  latest  and  most 
sanitary  equipment  that  money  can  buy.  The 
comfort  of  workmen  and  operatives  in  this 
building  has  been  considered  with  the  utmost 
care   from   a   sanitaiy   standpoint.    ' 

We  must  not  neglect  to  mention  our  Cranes 
provided  for  accessible  handling  with  air 
hoists  over  each  machine  tool.  It  is  expected 
when  these  shops  are  ready  for  operation  that 
we  will  more  than  double  our  facilities. 

These  floors  are  also  provided  with  Concrete 
Fire-proof  Staii'waj's  for  easy  access  to  and 
from  each  floor.  The  second  floor  is  provided 
w^ith  a  mezzanine  floor  devoted  to  a  tool  store- 
room for  the  accommodation  of  workmen  on 
that  floor. 

THIRD  FLOOR  EQUIPMENT 

The  third  floor  is  devoted  entirely  to  a  Pat- 
tern Shoi3  and  Woodworking  Machine  Shop 
for  facilitating  the  getting  out  of  various  ma- 
chine frames  made  of  wood,  and  is  equipped 
with  the  latest  design  of  woodworking  tools 
for  both  millwright  machine  woodwork,  as 
well  as  pattern  Avoi'k.  The  refuse  from  all 
woodworking  machines  will  be  collected  by 
pneumatics  and  delivered  to  a  downspout  to 
the  fireroom  as  fast  as  same  is  accumulated. 
All  woodworking  machines  on  this  floor  are 
individual  motor-di'iven.  and  this  floor  also  is 
lighted  by  wire  glass  set  in  steel-sash,  as  the 
floors  below.  The  floors  proper  on  top  of  the 
concrete  are  first-layer  of  2-inch  yellow  pine, 
second  layer  1-inch  hard  maple,  so  as  to  make 
a  beautiful  smooth  floor  and  to  last  for  serv- 
ice. 

TOP   FLOOR 

The  top  floor  is  devoted  entirely  to  a  Pat- 
tern Loft,  well  lighted  and  second  to  none  in 
the  city  of  St.  Louis.  All  patterns,  several 
thousand  of  them,  are  shelved,  separated  and 
grouped  into  departments  and  labeled  accord- 
ing to  each  department,  so  that  should  a  pat- 


OUR  PATENT^  SUITS 


367 


ternniaker  wish  to  select  one  or  two  patterns 
he  will  ascend  to  the  loft  upon  the  belt  man- 
hoist,  also  motor-driven,  but  should  he  wish 
to  collect  a  number  of  patterns,  a  pattern 
truck  is  provided  upon  this  floor  so  that  he 
can  collect  and  descend  upon  the  large  ele- 
vator to  the  Pattern  Shop  lloor.  Upon  this 
Pattern  Loft  floor  a  fireproof  vault  is  provided 
for  duplicate  blue-prints,  drawings,  records, 
and  in  fact  all  records  which  should  be  kept 
in  duplicate  in  case  of  fire  in  other  depart- 
ments of  our  plant.  As  this  company  is  now 
in  its  twenty-first  year  raanufactui'ing  and 
selling-  our  hundreds  of  varieties  of  Crushers 
and  Grinders,  our  fast  growing  business  has 
prompted  us  to  add  the  eighth  building  to  our 
group  and  make  it  absolutely  fireproof,  and 
this  department,  most  especially,  we  are  very 
proud  of  as  being  the  result  of  experience  for 
many  years  in  this  line.  Since  we  have  more 
orders  to  dispose  of  on  our  books  in  our  twen- 
ty-first year  by  four  to  six  times  over,  than 
we  ever  had  before  in  our  history,  we  feel 
justified  in  stating  to  the  public  that  we  are 
second  to  none,  and  in  fact  we  are  the  great- 
est in  this  line  in  the  whole  woi-ld.  We  there- 
fore feel  very  proud  of  our  achievement  in  our 
twenty-first  .year,  resulting  from  studying  the 
welfare  of  the  public,  and  so  that  our  efforts 
are  now  crowned  with  success.  When  we 
come  to  consider  that  we  have  our  Crushers 
and  Grinders  in  over  60  foreign  countries,  and 
well  known  thj'oughout  the  whole  Ignited 
States,  we  feel  that  our  development  and  our 
small  beginnings,  like  great  oaks  from  little 
acorns,  to  onr  plant  now  covering  a  floor  space 
of  a  little  over  two  acres,  is  worth  mention- 
ing; and  that  Ave  are  fa.st  growing  to  greater 
developments,  thanks  to  a  most  generous  pub- 
lic for  our  increase. 

Another  important  fact  worth  i-elating  is 
that,  in  our  21  years  of  existence  in  this  spe- 
cial line,  we  have  had  returned  to  us, — either 
by  buying  back  from  firms  who  have  gone  out 
of  business,  or  taking  back  from  those  who 
could  not  pay,  or  in  some  instances  our  Crush- 
■  ers  and  Grinders  having  been  rejected  be- 
cause they  were  not  suitable  for  a  special 
tlass  of  work, — some  370  machines,  each  and 


every  one  of  which  have  been  remodeled  and 

•resold,  some  with  later  improvements,  many 
for  a  different  class  of  work.  In  dollars  and 
cents  during  that  period  of  time  we  have  had 
at  least  $350,000.00  M-orth  of  Crushers  and 
Grinders  returned,  and  for  the  past  five  years 
they  have  all  been  disposed  of  and  not  even 
one  of  them  left  upon  our  hands,  whether  they 
were  old  models  or  later  models,  and  when 
this  fact  is  made  public  we  feel  that  it's  not 
a  detriment  to  our  business,  but  a  star  in  our 
crown  and  an  assurance  that  the  Williams 
Way  is  a  Money-Making  Way  for  the  public 
who  have  use  of  said  Crushers  and  Grinders. 
Not  another  firm  in  the  iiniverse  can  make 
such  an  assertion,  a  truthful  assertion,  which 
only  redounds  to  our  advancement.  We  there- 
fore thank  a  most  generous  public  foi'  their 
support. 

PATENTS 

My  first  patent  on  a  Hammer  Crusher  came 
out  August  13tli,  1895,  and  subsequent  pat- 
ents I  have  kept  taking  out  as  we  evoluted. 
We  a7-e  still  taking  them  out,  until  Ave  have 
now  taken  out  American  patents  alone  over 
200,  besides  (juite  a  number  of  foreign  pat- 
ents. 

TO  THE  PUBLIC! 

Judge  Hazel  of  the  United  States  District 
Court  at  Bufl:'alo,  New  York,  on  June  3, 1914, 
entered  a  final  decree  and  granted  a  perpetual 
injunction  against  the  Kinsey  Mfg.  Compa«y, 
restraining  them  from  furt.ij,er  infringing  the 
Williams  Patent,  No.  939,7T§,  owned  by  The 
Williams  Patent  Crusher  Company  of  St. 
Louis,  Missouri. 

This  is  the  third  patent,  and  tl^e  third  time 
that  the  Williams  Company  has  b^en  involved 
in  litigation  and  had  its  patents. jpustained. 

The  first  suit  was  against  a  St.  Louis  firm, 
the  St.  Louis  Pulverizer  Co. ;  the  next  suit  was 
against  a  Pennsylvania  firm,  in  which  latter 
case  the  Williams  Patent  was  sustained  by  the 
Court  of  Appeals  and  an  accounting  is  now 
under   way    to    recover    profits    and    damages. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


The  claims  of  this  patent  are  found  to  be 
valid  and  infringed  in  suit  brought  against 
the  St.  Louis  Pulverizer  Co.,  reported  104 
Fed.   795. 

The  United  States  Circuit  Court  of  Appeals 
at  Philadelphia  rendered  its  final  decision  in 
the  suit  that  we  brought  against  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Crusher  Company  some  time  ago  for  in- 
fringment  of  our  patent  No.  843,729  for  im- 
provements in  Dumping  Cages  for  Crushers 
and  Pulverizers.  This  decision  of  the  Court 
of  Appeals,  handed  down  in  the  March  term, 
1911,  concludes:  "The  record  will  be  remand- 
ed with  instructions  to  the  Circuit  Court  to 
enter  a  decree  reversing  the  former  one  and 
adjudging  claims  1  and  2  of  the  patent  in 
suit  to  be  valid  and  infringed  and  awarding 
to  the  complainant  an  injunction  with  the 
usual  accounting  and  costs  of  suit." 

Under  the  law,  a  user  of  an  infringing  ma- 
chine is  liable  for  his  acts  of  infringements. 
The  maker  and  seller  of  the  infringing  machine 
in  qiiestion  has  been  found  to  have  infringed 
our  patent  No.  843,729  and  the  Court  of  Ap- 
peals, in  addition,  has  found  the  infringed 
claims  of  said  patent  TO  BE  VALID. 

It  is  our  intention  to  protect  our  rights  ars 
secured  to  us  by  the  above  patent  and  numer- 
ous other  patents  which  have  been  granted 
on  improvements  we  have  made  in  crush- 
ing and  pulverizing  machinery,  and  the  pub- 
lic is  warned  against  buying  crushing  and 
pulverizing  machines  which  infringe  any  of 
the  following  patents: 

United  States  patent,   393,682,  Nov.  27,  ISSS 

441,998,  December  2,  1890 

485,636,  November  8,  1892 

514,690,  February  13,  1894 

516,995,  March  20,  1894 

544,336,  August  13,  1895 

589,236,  August  31,  1897 

590,748,  September   28,    1897 
Re-Issue,  11,634,  October  26,  1897 
Design,  30,347,  March  14,  1899 
Designs,  30,348,  March  14,  1899 
Germany,    patent,    105,777 
Great  Britain,   patent,   19,998 
France,  patent,  270,062 


Belgium,  patent,  130,388 
India,  patent,  434 
Canada,  patent,  60,048 

646.249,  March  27,   1900 

646.250,  March  27,  1900 
646,278,  March  27,  1900 
657,998,  September  18,   1900 

Design,  35,211,  October  22,  1901 

711.688,  October  21,    1902 
726,602,  April  28,  1903 
728,643,  May  19,  1903 
728,643,  May   19,    1903 
730,503,  June  9,  1903 
738,507,  September  8,  1903 
741,947,  October  20,   1903 
741,947,  October   20,   1903 
957,705,  April   19,    1904 
758,288,  April   26,   1904 
758,288,  April   26,    1904 
758,288,  April  26,   1904 
792,485,  June  13,  1905 
806,383,  December  5,  1905 
803,138,  December  26,  1905 
808,133,  December  26,  1905 
811,679,  February  6,   1906 
813.190,  Februarv  20.   1906 
815,087,  March  13,  1906 
815,087,  March  13,  1906 
818,328,  April  17,   1906 
818,725,  April   24,   1906 

836.161,  November  20,  1906 

836.162,  November  20,  1906 

836.162,  November  20,  1906 

836.163,  November  20,  1906 
836,422,  November  20,  1906 
843,729,  February  12,  1907 
845,171,  February  26,  1907 
850,988,  April  23,  1907 
851,390,  April  23,  1907 

Reissue,  12,659,  April  26,  1907 
858.772,  July  24,  1907 

877.689,  January  28,  1908 
877,fS9,  January  28,  1908 
S77,C89,  January  28,  1908 

877.690,  January  28,  1908 
877,690,  January  28,  1908 
877,876,  January  28,  1908 
878.847,  February  11,  1908 
878,921,  February  11,  1908 


WILLIAMS  PATENTS,  TRADE-MARKS,  ETC. 


878,921, 

February  11,  1908 

878,921, 

February  11,  1908 

878,921, 

February  11,  1908 

904,907, 

November  24,  1908 

904,908, 

November  24,  1908 

904,909, 

November  24,  1908 

906,346, 

December  8,   1908 

938,656, 

November  2,    1909 

938,656, 

November  2,   1909 

938,657, 

November  2,   1909 

938,657, 

November  2,   1909 

938,734, 

November  2,   1909 

938,734, 

November   2,   1909 

938,734, 

November   2,   1909 

939,769, 

November   9,   1909 

939,770. 

November   9,   1909 

939,771, 

November   9,   1909 

939,772, 

November   9,    1909 

939,773, 

November   9.    1909 

939,774, 

November  9,   1909 

939.775, 

November  9,   1909 

939,776, 

November  9,   1909 

939,777, 

November -9,    1909 

939,778, 

November  9,  1909 

940,827, 

November  23,  1909 

944,780. 

December  28,  1909 

944,780. 

December  28.  1909 

944,780. 

December  28,  1909 

953,111, 

March  29,  1910 

939,769, 

November   9,    1909 

939,770, 

November  9,  1909 

939,77], 

November  9.  1909 

939.772, 

November  9,  1909 

939,773, 

Novembei'  9,  1909 

939,774 

November  9,  1909 

939,775 

November  9,  1909 

939,776 

November  9.  1909 

939,777 

November  9,  1909 

939,778 

November  9,  1909 

1.001.108 

August  22,  1911 

1,004.126 

September  26,   1911 

1.014,384 

January  9,  1912 

1,014,191 

January  9,  1912 

1,014,193 

January  9,  1912 

1.016,979 

February  13,  1912 

1,020,380 

March  12,  1912 

1,020,381 

,  March    12,    1912 

1,022,454 

,  April  9,  1912 

95,932 

March  26,  1912 

1,025,177,  May  7,  1912 
1,031,506,  July  26,  1912 
1,034,552,  August  6,  1912 
1,035,288,  August  13,  1912 
1,039,487,  September  24,  1912 

1.039.623,  September  24,  1912 

1.039.624,  September  24,  1912 
1,039,102,  September  24,  1912 
1,037,232,  September  12,  1912 
1,047,356,  December  17,  1912 
1,048,621,  December  12,  1912 
1,055,686,  March  13,  1913 

Great   Britain,  128,936,  January   12,   1914 

1,051,044,  January  21,  1913 

1  078,650,  November  18,  1913 

1,103,219,  July  14,  1914 

1,103,237,  July  14,  1914 

1,107,830,  August  14,   1914 

1,111,342,  September  22,  1914 
13,820,  October  27,  1914 

1,116,777,  November  16,  1914 

1,122,453,  December   29,    1914 

1,139,920,  May  18,  1915 

1,144,352,  May  15,  1915 

1,147,351,  July  20,  1915 
Argentine,   T.   M.,  43,155,   January   31,   1916 

1,189,481,  July  4,   1916 

1,212,596,  January   16,  1917 

1,214,249,  January   30,   1917 

1,215,890.  February   13,   1917 

1,235,174,  July   31,   1917 

1,236,805,  August  7,  1917 

1,238,239,  August  28,   1917 

1,235,868,  August    7.    1917 
Canadian,  181,430,  January  1,  1918 
U.  S.,  T.  M.,  120.234,  January  15,  1918 

1.258.969,  March  12,  1918 

1.258.970,  March  12,  1918 
1,266,894,  May   21,    1918 

Japan,  T.  M.,  79,907,  June  6,  1918 

1,272,311,  July  9,   1918 
Registered  Print,  4,915,  July  9,  1918 

1,274,126,  July  30,  1918 
Canada  Pat.,   186,082,  August   13,   1918 
Canada  Pat.,  186,083,  August  13,  1918 

1.275.346,  August  13,  1918 

1.275.347,  August  13,  1918 
Canada  Pat.,  186,303,  August  27,  1918 
Canada  T.  M.,  99-23-798,  September  3,  1918 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


1,278,542,  September  10,  1918 

1,281,829,  October  15,   1918 

1,282,156,  October   27,   1918 
Registered  Print,  5,013,   November  26,   1918 
Great  Britain,  T.  M.,  386,450,  Nov.  30,  1919 
Mexico,  T.  M.,  16,049,  December  4,  1918 

Chili,  T.  M.,  19,098,  December  12,  1918 
Norway,  T.  M.,  5,521,  December  21,  1918 
French,  T.  M.,  26,166,  December  23,  1918 

1,288,785,  December  24,  1918 
Holland,  T.  M.,  37,764,  December  24,  1918 
Union  of  So.  Africa,  T.  M.,  1208-18,  Dec.  28, 1918 
Greek,  T.  M.,  1,846,  December  28,  1918 
Denmark,  T.  M.,  689-18,  December  31,  1918 
Australia,  T.  M.,  24,227,  January  2,  1919 
New  Zealand,   T.   M.,   14,958,  January  6,   1919 

1,290,906,  January  14,  1919 
U.  S.,  T.  M.,  124,358,  February  4,  1919 
Registered  Print,  5,051,  February  4,   1919 
Brazil,  T.  M.,  5,680,  February  6,  1919 
Canadian  Pat.,  188,703,  February  11,  1919 
Canadian  Pat.,  188,893,  February  25,  1919 
Great  Britain  Pat.,  139,749,  March  1,  1919 
Costa  Rica,  T.  M.,  1,067.  March  4,  1919 
Copyright,  514,539,  March  6,  1919 

1,296,891,  March  11,  1919 
Uruguay,   T.  M.,  8,155,  March  11,   1919 
Peru,  T.  M.,  129,  March  14,  1919 

Venezuela,  T.  M.,  2,435,  March  28,  1919 
Copyright,  513,959,  April  3,  1919 
Colombia,  T.  M.,  1,727,  April  10,  1919 
Registered   Print,   5,086,   April  15,    1919 
Registered  Print,   5,087,   April   15,   1919 
Guatemala,  T.  M.,  1,113,  April  16,  1919 

1,300,799,  April   15,    1919 

1,301,316,  April  22,  1919 
Canadian  T.  M.,  24,492,  May  10,  1919 
Italy,  T.  M.,  17,375,  May  28,  1919 

1,305,854,  June  3,  1919 
China,  Pat.,  2,478,  June  4,  1919 
Costa  Rica,  Pat.,  194,  June  7,  1919 
New  Foundland  Pat.,  291,  June  14.  1919 

1,306,772,  June  17,  1919 

1,306,775,  June   17,   1919 

191,024,  June  17,   1919 

Spain,  Pat.,  69,673,  June  25,  1919 

1,311,358,  July    29,    1919 
Italy,  Pat.,  173,834,  June  30,  1919 

1,308,384,  July    1,    1919 


1,310,001,  July  15,  1919 
Chili,  Pat.,  3,852,  August  9,  1919 

1,312,658,  August  12,  1919 

1,314,575,  September  2,   1919 

1,314,575,  September  2,  1919 

1,315,281,  September  9,  1919 

1,317,769,  October  7,  1919 

1,319,501,  October  21,   1919 
Ecuador,  T.  M.,  78,  October  23,  1919 
U.  S.,  T.  M.,  127,554,  November  11,  1919 

1.322.210,  November  18,  1919 

1.322.211,  November  18,  1919 
1,322,339,  November  18,  1919 
1,322,532,  November  25,  1919 
1,322,546,  November  25,  1919 

Bolivia,  T.  M.,  274,  November  28,  1919 
Canadian,  195,905,  January  6,  1920 

1,327,452,  January  6,   1920 
U.  S.,  T.  M.,  129,250,  January  27,  1920 
Argentine,  Pat.,  15,971,  January  28,  1920 
Nicaragua,  T.  M.,  542,  February  7,  1920 
Portugal,  T.  M.,  22,146,  February  10,  1920 
Copyright,  562,758,  February  12,  1920 
Cuba,  Pat.,  3,601,  March  9,  1920 

1,334,511,  March  23,  1920 
Registered  Print,  5,251,   April  20,   1920 
Registered  Print,  5,258,  May  11,  1920 

1,340,643,  May   18,   1920 
Reissue,  14,865,  May  25,  1920 
Canadian,  200,885,  June  8,  1920 
Copyright,  573,051,  June    14,    1920 
Egypt,  T.  M..  394,  June  15,  1920 
Belgium,  T.  M.,  23,029,  June  17.  1920 
New  Foundland,  T.  M.,  893,  June  17,  1920 
Luxembourg,  T.  M.,  3,723,  June  21,  1920 
Re-Issue,  14,886,  June  22,  1920 
Cuba,  T.   ]\1.,   35,579,  June  30,  1920 
Fndia,  T.  M.,  1,135,  July  3,  1920 
United  States,  T.  M.,  135,088,  July  Ifi,  1920 
Canadian  Pat.,  202.272,  July  27,   1920 
Rc-lEsue,   14.926,  July  27,   1920 
Finland,  T.  M.,  4,806,  July  31,  1920 
U.  S.,  T.  M.,  Womber,  134,202,  Aug.  17,  1920 
Rhodesia,  T.  M.,  2,254,  August  23,  1920 

1,350,691,  August  24,  1920 
Czccho-Slovakia,  T.  M.,  85,932,  Sept.  11,  1920 

1,355,270,  October  12,   1920 

1,356,086,  October  19,  1920 

1,359,215,  November  16,  1920 


MY  SON  OLIVER'S  RADIMETER 


1,359,303,  November  16,   1920 

1,359,426,  November   16,    1920 
Canadian  Pat.,  206,135,  November  30,  1920 

1,361,679,  December    7,    1920 
Tientsin,  China,  T.  M,,  507,  December  17,  1920 
Copyright,  607,565,  Jannary  15,   1921 


OLIVER  J,   WILLIAMS'   RADIMETER 

I  am  particularly  interested  in  the  follow- 
ing newspaper  clippings,  in  connection  with 
my  son   Oliver's   description   of  his  radimeter 

(Cut   No.   249-A): 


The  above  numbei-s  refer  to  United  States 
patents,  etc.,  unless  otherwise  specified.  There 
are  264  in  the  above  list  and  we  have  about 
50  now  pending. 


ST.    LOUIS    TO    CUBA    BY    AIR 

TO    BE    ONLY    12-HOUR    TRIP 

NEW;  YORK,  March  S,  1920.— St.  Louis  will  be 
only  a  night's  ride  by  airship  t'rom  the  Cuban  oasis 
in  the  near  future,  according  to  Col.  William  X.  Hens- 
ley,  Jr..  the  American  observer  on  the  eastward 
flight  of  the  British  dirigible  R-34,  who  has  been 
abroad  since  July,  1919,  making  a  study  of  military 
dirigibles,  and  who  has  just  returned,  accompanied 
by  his  wife  and  IS-months-old  son. 

He  said  tl'.e  dirigible  would  be  a  big  feature  of 
future  transportation  and  that  it  was  infinitely  more 
comfortable  to  travel  in  than  on  a  steamship.  The 
passenger  of  the  air,  he  said,  does  not  feel  the  vibra- 
tion, pitch  and  roll  of  vessels  at  sea. 

He  said  that  Germany  operates  an  air  service  be- 
tween Berlin,  Stockholm  and  Berne.  Switzerland, 
and  that  the  Germans  have  transported  14,000  pas- 
sengers by  this  air  route  without  an  accident. 
Eventually,  he  said,  it  would  be  feasible  to  leave  St. 
Louis  in  the  afternoon  by  dirigible  and  arrive  in  Cuba 
on  the  following  day. 

Mrs.  Hensley  and  his  son,  he  said,  lived  in  Switz- 
erland while  he  was  traveling  in  Germany.  Shortly 
before  they  left  Switzerland,  Col.  Hensley  said,  an 
Austrian  maid  in  their  employ  became  mentally  un- 
balanced and  nearly  killed  the  baby  by  covering  him 
with  hot  ashes. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


The  NC-4,  under  command  of  Lieutenant  Com- 
mander A.  C.  Read,  and  the  crew  which  took  it  safely 
across  the  Atlantic,  arrived  in  St.  Louis  November 
23  and  remained  here  several  days.  The  NC-1  made 
a  transcontinental  trip  in  the  interest  of  naval  re- 
cruiting. 

The  first  flying  accident  to  the  NC-4  on  its  present 
tour  occurred  November  22  at  Hannibal,  Mo.,  when  a 
six-inch  hole  was  torn  in  the  bottom  of  its  hull  when 
it  struck  an  obstruction  in  the  river  wliile  landing. 

The  NC-4  was  delayed  at  Hannibal  for  two  days, 
but  when  the  damage  to  the  hull  was  repaired  it  re- 
sumed its  journey.  It  passed  over  St.  Louis  and 
directly  over  the  plant  of  the  Williams  Patent  Crush- 
er and  Pulverirer  Company,  on  its  way  to  the  gulf 
on   November  26,   1919. 

INVENTION    OF    THE    RADIMETER 

The  following  lettef  from  0.  J.  Williams, 
sou  of  the  author,  explains  his  radimeter  and 
its  advantages: 

"San  Francisco,  Feb.   18,  1920. 
"Automobile  and  Aeroplane  Radimeter. 

"In  the  yeai'  1914  A.  D.,  in  the  month  of 
September,  Oliver  J.  Williams  and  family 
made  an  automobile  trip  up  into  the  moun- 
tains of  California  to  beautiful  Lake  Tahoe. 
Ill  climbing  the  extremely  high  mountains  at 
an  elevation  of  over  8000  feet,  where  the  air 
is  very  rare,  and  it  sometimes  becomes  neces- 
sary to  change  the  adjustment  on  the  carbu- 
retor, if  one  is  not  careful  the  water  in  the 
radiator  and  the  jackets  of  an  automobile  en- 
gine will  boil  away,  thus  making  it  necessary 
to  freijuently  stop,  cool  off  the  engine,  and  re- 
plenish the  water  supply. 

"It  occurred  to  him  when  this  happened, 
that  there  was  something  lacking  in  the  make- 
up of  an  automobile,  Avhich  should  tell  the 
operator  of  this  condition.  Accordingly,  on 
his  return  to  San  Francisco,  he  thought  over 
the  subject  quite  extensively,  and  finally  came 
to  the  conclusion  that  a  bulb  of  mercury  in- 
serted mechanically  into  the  walls  or  water 
jacket  of  an  automobile  engine  and  connected 
to  a  steam  gauge  dial  by  means  of  a  capillai-y 
tube,  would  show  this  danger  to  the  operator 
by  a  glance  at  the  instrument  board  of  the 
automobile,  where  such  a  dial  should  be 
mounted. 


"Accordingly,  application  was  made  to  a 
large  thermometer  manufacturing  concern  in 
New  York,  and  after  considerable  correspond- 
ence, and  an  expense  of  about  $100.00,  it  was 
necessary  to  purchase  six  instruments,  rather 
bidky  in  appearance,  but  containing  these 
ideas.  Such  an  instrument  was  mounted  on 
his  automobile,  tested  out  thoroughly,  and  by 
means  of  a  recording  therometer  hung  in  the 
radiator,  it  Avas  found  that  there  was  20  de- 
grees difference  in  the  temperature  of  the  Ava- 
ter  in  the  radiator  and  in  the  water  jacket  of 
the   automobile    itself. 

"After  using  this  instrument  for  some  time, 
and  demonstrating  its  utility,  an  application 
was  made  in  the  United  States  Patent  Office 
for  U.  S.  Letters  Patent.  After  several  months 
of  time  had  elapsed,  the  application  was 
thrown  out  of  the  patent  office,  owing  to  the 
fact  that  someone  else  had  thought  of  practi- 
cally the  selfsame  thing,  and  the  claims  of 
Oliver  J.  Williams  were  said  to  interfere  with 
claim  applied  for  on  or  about  the  same  time 
by  Mr.  P.  M.  Gelatt,  of  LaCrosse,  Wis.  Upon 
receiving  notification  from  the  United  States 
Patent  Office,  in  less  than  twenty-four  hours 
later,  Mv.  P.  M.  Gelatt  telegraphed  to  Oliver 
J.  Williams  that  both  of  our  claims  had  been 
thrown  out  of  the  Patent  Office,  and  wanting 
to  know  if  we  could  not  get  together  on  a 
joint  claim.  Accordingly,  Mr.  P.  M.  Gelatt 
came  out  to  San  Francisco,  and  in  less  than 
thirty  minutes'  time  purchased  all  rights  from 
Olivei-  J.  Williams  for  his  application,  and  it 
was  then  leai-ned  that  the  claim  of  Oliver  J. 
Williams  antedated  the  claim  of  P.  M.  Gelatt 
by  six   months. 

"Mr.  Gelatt  then  went  to  Washington,  D. 
C.,  and  had  the  application  of  Oliver  J.  Wil- 
liams filed  in  the  Patent  Office,  assigned  to 
P.  M.  Gelatt,  and  accordingly  the  United 
States  Patent  Office  granted  the  patent  March 
20,  1917,  No.  1,220,150,  application  filed  De- 
cember 8.  1915,  Serial  No.  65,720. 

"On  or  aliout  this  tinu%  it  will  be  remem- 
bered that  the  World  War  broke  out,  and 
some  time  later  the  United  States  Government 
entered  the  Avar.     A  call  was  made  for  aero- 


FIRST  TRANS-ATLANTIC  FLIGHT 


planes.  The  production  of  aeroplanes  in  the 
United  States  at  that  time  is  a  matter  of  con- 
gressional  record. 

•'The  instrument  invented  by  Oliver  J.  Wil- 
liams, the  son  of  JI.  F.  Williams,  the  author, 
was  of  considerable  importance  to  an  aero- 
plane operator,  inasmuch  as  he  A\as  enabled 
by  this  instrument  to  tell  the  temperature  of 
the  water  in  the  cylindere  of  his  engine,  and 
the  temperature  of  the  lubricating  oil.  Unlike 
an  automobile,  it  is  impossible  for  an  aero- 
plane in  flight  to  stop  and  replenish  the  water. 
Therefore,  before  any  harm  was  done,  the 
aviator  should  know  the  condition  of  his  mo- 
tor, so  that  if  he  foresaw  trouble,  ho  could 
alight  and  remedy  the  difficulty. 

"Practically  all  of  the  United  States  Navy 
aeroplanes  and  Army  aeroplanes  were  equipped 
■with  two  of  these  instruments.  The  bulb,  in- 
stead of  being  fastened  into  the  automobile 
jacket,  or  water  jacket  of  the  engine,  was  in- 
serted in  the  radiator,  and  through  a  long  cap- 
illary the  head  or  dial  was  mounted  on  the 
instrument  board. 

"The  figui'es  and  the  hand,  shown  in  Cut 
249-A,  indicating  the  temporatui'c,  were  cov- 
ered with  radium  solution,  so  that  the  hand 
and  figures  on  the  dial  would  be  lumiuant  at 
night,  without  means  of  ai-tifieial  light,  as  all 
aeroplanes  must  avoid  artificial  light,  other- 
wise the  enom.v  could  see  them. 

"In  the  year  1917,  it  was  proposed  by  the 
various  governments  of  the  world,  in  the  de- 
velopment of  aeroplane  flight,  that  a  world 
encircling  tour  should  be  made  by  aeroplane,  if 
practical.  Prizes  were  oflfered  by  foreign  gov- 
ernments, as  well  as  by  the  United  States  Gov- 
ernment, to  the  fir.st  aviator  who  would  suc- 
cessfully make  a  flight  across  the  Atlantic 
Ocean. 

"At  or  about  the  time  of  the  signing  of  the 
Armistice,  the  United  States  Government  had 
pei-feeted  giant  trans-Atlantic  aeroplanes  foi- 
purposes  of  communication,  transporting  high 


explosives,  and  for  other  uses,  which  were  in- 
tended primarily  for  long  flights  from  naval 
bases  situated  at  extreme  distances  from  the 
enemy.  The  Armistice  having  been  signed 
November  11,  1918,  there  was  no  further  use 
for  these  long-distance  aeroplanes;  hence  the 
United  States  Government  attempted  a  flight 
with  what  history  shows  was  the  N-C  Fleet 
for  ciossing-  the  Atlantic,  and  we  all  remem- 
ber the  momentous  and  historical  flight  of  the 
three  trans-Atlantic  aeroplanes,  the  NC-1, 
NC-3  and  NC-4.  These  three  fljing-  boats,  as 
it  were,  were  equipped  with  duplicate  instru- 
ments, vdth  radium  treated  dials  for  recording 
the  temperature  of  the  water  in  the  radiator 
and  engine  cylinders,  and  the  oil  in  the  crank 
cases. 

"The  value  of  the  instruments  invented  by 
OUver  J.  Williams  was  thoi'oughly  tested  out 
on  these  fights,  and  it  will  be  recalled  that  in 
the  report  made  by  Lieutenant  Commander 
Reed  of  one  of  the  legs  of  the  NC  aeroplanes, 
the  temperature  recording  instruments  indi- 
cated that  they  Avere  in  such  a  high  altitude 
the  oil  in  the  crank  cases  and  the  water  in  the 
radiators  and  cylinders  was  at  the  boiling 
point,  hence  they  dropped  to  a  lower  altitude, 
wliere  the  resistance  would  not  be  so  great, 
and  where  the  engines  would  not  be  ruined. 
The  instrument  invented  by  Mr.  Oliver  J.  Wil- 
liams made  this  record  possible  for  the  avia- 
tors, and  assisted  materially  in  the  successful 
trans-.'^tlautic  aeroplane  flight. 

'■Besides  being  used  for  aeroplanes,  the  in- 
struments are  being  installed  on  rutomobiles, 
tractors,  motor  boats,  and  are  being  used  noAr 
commercially  for  recording  temperatures  at  dis- 
lances  from  the  point  where  the  liquid  is  be- 
ing heated.  For  instance,  in  commercial  use"? 
of  internal  combu.stion  engines,  in  pumping 
plants,  and  various  other  industries,  on  their 
instrument  beards  they  have  these  instruments 
invented  by  Oliver  J.  Williams,  to  indicate  the 
temperature  of  the  watei'  surrounding  the  cyl- 
inders. 

"In  canning  and  preserving  plants,  where 
it    is    desired    to    see    the    temperature    of   the 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


liquid  being  cooked,  the  bulb  is  simply  im- 
mersed into  the  liquid,  and  the  reading  on  the 
instrument  at  some  distance  indicates  imme- 
diately the  temperature  taking  place  where 
the  bulb  is  immersed. 

"In  addition  to  these  uses,  it  finds  ready 
sale  in  all  industries  where  they  require  dis- 
tance type  thermometers. 


'0.    J.    WILLIAMS. 


'Burlingame.  Calif. 


MILLIONAIKE    WILLIAMSES 


Boston,   Mass.: 

Jeremiah  Williams,  Boston,  Mass.  Business 
address,  481  Summer  St.  Residence,  Common- 
wealth Ave.  and  Chas.  Gate  E. 

New  York  Cit.v: 

Geo.  L.  Williams,  No.  1  Broadway,  New 
York.     Residence,  24  E.  51st  St. 

Richard  H.  Williams,  No.  1  Broadway.  New 
York.     Residence.  2  W.  51st  St. 


Thos.   R.   Williams,   No.    1   Broadway, 
York.     Residence,  111  E.  61st  St. 


New 


Philadelphia,  Pa.: 

Morris    Williams,    907      Commercial     Trust 
Bldg.     Residence,  3904  Chestnut   St. 

Chicago,  Ills.: 

Lawrence    Williams,    159    N.    Dearborn    St. 
Residence,  58  Belleveu  Place. 

Idn grove,  Iowa: 
Noah  Williams. 


Portland,  Ore. : 

Richard  Williams,  82i  First  St.     Residence, 
285  14th  St. 


Charleston,  S.  C. : 

George  Williams,  No.  1  Broad  St.  Resi- 
dence, 15  Meeting  St. 

Nashville,  Tenn. : 

John  P.  Williams,  Stallman  Bldg.  Resi- 
dence, Franklin  Road,  South. 

Boyd's  City  Dispatch  of  New  York  City 
gives  a  list  of  ninety-six  Williamses  who  are 
rated   from  $250,000   to   $1,000,000. 


A   STEP  ABOVE   THE   WHEELBARROW 

The  picture  (Cut  No.  250)  of  the  five-ton 
Pierce  Arrow  truck  shows  quite  a  contrast  be- 
tween M.  F.  Williams  in  his  first  beginning, 
when  he  had  but  a  wheelbarrow  and  that  pro- 
pelled by  his  eldest  son,  M.  J.  Williams  (see 
Cut  No.  161),  but  later  on  in  business  life  is 
.shown,  in  Cut  No.  251,  a  very  fair  looking 
horse  with  a  one-horse  wagon,  M.  F.  Williams 
sitting  upon  same,  or  the  seat  of  same,  driving 
and  hauling  his  own  product. 

OUR  LATEST  DELIVERY  AUTO  TRUCK 

But  later  in  life,  as  he  progressed  in  busi- 
ness and  the  Pierce  Arrow  truck  showing  a 
crusher  on  same,  and  William  M.  Davidson, 
our  shipping  Superintendent,  standing  on  the 
truck  with  his  hand  upon  the  crusher,  M.  F. 
Williams  sitting  in  front  on  the  bumper  rail, 
A.  F.  Williams,  the  middle  son,  standing  with 
his  hands  in  his  pockets  by  the  truck,  and 
Miss  Mabel  Williams,  our  eldest  granddaugh- 
ter, also  leaning  against  the  truck,  evidently 
shows  progress  in  our  business  life,  as  the 
background  shows  a  portion  of  one  of  the 
concrete  buildings  and  inside  one  of  our  ma- 
chine shops,  eight  in  number  at  this  writing, 
certainly  goes  to  show  progress  in  the  crusher 
line  in  our  twenty-third  year. 


FROM  HORSE  TO  HORSELESS  DELIVERY 


Cut   No.   251 — Our  one-horse   delivery   wagon 


Cut  No.  250 — Our  new   five-ton   Pierce-Arrow   truck 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


ANOTHER  VIEW  OF  OUR  LATEST  TRUCK 

Cut  No.  252  shows  anothci-  view  of  the  5-ton 
Pierce  Arrow  truck,  with  a  No.  4  Universal 
Cru.shcr  resting  upon  the  bed  of  same,  and  the 
old  war-horae  Williams  in  front,  standing  by 
the  side  with  hi^  right  hand  upon  the  cab  of 
the  truck,  which  is  a  better  view  of  the  truck 
and  crusher,  taken  in  front  of  a  3-story  busi- 
ness house  acro.ss  the  street  from  our  factory. 


It  shows  an  improved  turning  lathe,  where 
the  operator  is  standing  turning  a  easting,  three 
of  which  are  in  line  but  cannot  well  be  seen, 
which  cost  about  five  years  ago  forty-five  hun- 
dred dollars  each ;  and  today,  this  9th  day  of 
April,  1920,  would  cost  at  least  one  thousand 
dollars  more  for  each  machine  on  account  of 
the  rise  in  cost  and  price  of  all  machines  due 
to  the  World  War. 


-Our  new   five-ton  truck 


in  order  to  get  a  l;ettcr  view  l)y  the  photogra- 
pher of  the  truck  and  its  contents.  This 
photo  was  taken  in  the  year  1919  about  the 
month  of  May  or  June. 

OUR   NEW  CONCRETE  BUILDING 

Cut  No.  253  shows  the  noi'th  bay  of  our  new 
concrete  bnikling.  whicli  is  one  hundred  and 
fortv  feet  in  Icn-th  !)y   fiftv  feet  in  width. 


OUR  NEW    MACHINE  SHOP 

Cut  No.  254  shows  the  south  bay  of  our  new 
machine  shop  in  the  concrete  building,  show- 
ing three  iron  planing  machines  in  operation, 
and  many  castinrs  rn  the  floor,  some  of  which 
have  been  planed,  others  waiting  to  be  planed ; 
the  main  body  of  the:c  planing  machines  are 
located  across  the  line,  partly  in  the  old  ma- 
fhine  sliop,   and  partly  the  new.  as  the   inter- 


No.  8— OUR  NEW  CONCRETE  BUILDING 


Cut   No.   254 — South    bay 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Cut   \().  ^55 — New  building,  second  floor,  south  ba 


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Cut  No.  256— New  building,   third  floor,  south  ba) 


THIRD  FLOOR,  NEW  BUILDING 


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Cut  Xo.  257— Xew 


Cut  No.  258 — New  building,  third  floor,  south  bay 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


veiling  wall  has  been  removed.  This  cut  in- 
dicates a  busy  condition  of  our  works.  These 
castings  are  all  being  planed,  and  in  the  next 
operation  they  are  to  be  drilled,  and  then 
moved  into  the  erecting-  shop  by  overhead 
traveling  cranes  which  are  operated  by  elec- 
tricity. 

There  is  another  large  planer  in  this  same 
building  called   an   open-side  planer,  which   is 


Usually  this  floor  is  covered  with  hundreds 
of  small  crushers  and  grinders,  as  this  erecting 
shop  is  devoted  principally  to  feed  grinders. 

OUR  NEW  WOODWORKING  SHOP 

Cut  No.  256  shows  the  south  bay  of  the 
third  floor,  our  woodworking  shop,  also  wood- 
erecting  shop.     The  man  at  the  right  is  in  the 


Cut   No.  259— New  building,   fourtli   floor,   patt 


shown  at  the  far  end  of  the  bay  in  this  illus- 
tration. 

SECOND  FLOOR,  NEW  BUILDING 

Cut  No.  255  shows  the  south  side  of  the  sec- 
ond floor,  concrete  building,  where  small  crush- 
ers and  grinders  are  assembled,  finished,  tested 
and   shipped. 


act  of  operating  a  wood-boring  machine.  These 
wood  frames  are  placed  under  one  class  of 
our  crushers  and  grinders.  The  boring  of  all 
holes  is  done  by  machinery — a  Universal  bor- 
ing machine,  which  reaches  in  all  directions, 
and  can  be  adjusted  to  wherever  the  hole  is 
to  be  bored.  It  is  called  one  of  the  modern 
tools. 


OUR  NEW  TESTING  PLANT 


OUR  PATTERN  SHOP 

Cut  No.  257  shows  the  north  bay  of  our  pat- 
tern shop  on  the  third  floor  in  the  new  con- 
crete building,  and  to  the  left  is  what  is  known 
as  the  one-man  elevator,  for  carrj^ing  work- 
men from  basement  to  garret  by  a  method  of 
rapid   transit.      Also  one  of    the  pipes    in    the 


constructed.     This   shop   is  equipped  with   up- 
to-date  woodworking  machinery. 

Notice  the  three  men  standing  aro''^'i  the 
work  pretending  to  be  very  busily  engaged — 
one  of  them  is  a  lookout,  no  doubt,  watching 
for  the  boss,  glorifying  themselves  in  laughter 
and  thinking  how   they   are   beating   the  boss. 


,^^             ^^^L_3B^H^*^ 

Cut  No.  260— Our  new  testing  pla 


distance  over  the  man  at  the  handsaw,  is  a 
part  of  our  heating  system,  and  discharges 
hot  air  from  our  Baetz  air-heating  apparatus. 

OUR    NEW  WOODWORKING    SHOP 

Cut  No.  258,  south  bay,  third  floor,  shows  a 
section  of  our  wood  shop,  where  woodwork  is 


However,  this  condition  is  very  often  the 
case,  but  we  have  in  this  department  one  man 
who  has  been  with  the  firm  for  about  twenty- 
six  years. 

We  have  some  faithful  and  profitable  em- 
ployees. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


No.  261— Monument  to  the  business  of   Milton   F.  Willi: 


A  BUSINESS  MONUMENT 


Cut  No.  259  represents  a  section  of  our  pat- 
tern loft  on  the  fourth  floor  in  the  concrete 
building,  on  the  south  side  of  same,  but  only 
one  section  of  same.  This  fourth  tloor  is  de- 
voted entirely  to  pattern  storage.  It  is  en- 
tirely flrepi'oof  as  far  as  the  building  is  con- 
cerned. It  is  provided  with  a  large  elevator 
and  a  one-maii  elevator. 

Cut  No.  260  shows  our  tine  grinding,  testing 
and  separating  plant,  partly  upon  the  fourth 
floor  of  the  new  concrete  building  and  the  pipe 
connections  and  receivers  for  the  goods  are 
located  upon  the  top  of  the  pent-house,  which 
is  over  one  hundred  feet  from  the  gi'ound. 
The  bags  of  material  shown  represent  goods 
to  be  ground  and  separated,  as  well  as  tested 
for  fineness.  It  is  motoi-  di'iven  or  electrically 
driven,  which  is  done  thj'ough  the  whole  plant, 
which  formerly  operated  by  steam  power. 


A  GOOD  MONUMENT 

Cut  No.  261  represents  a  monument  to  the 
business  of  the  Williams  Patent  Crusher  and 
Pulverizer  Co.,  and  its  president,  Milton  F. 
Williams.  This  is  not  a  monument  to  a  dead 
business,  but  to  a  living  and  a  growing  one. 
The  trade-mark  indicates  this,  and  the  cir- 
cular pediment  of  three-quarters  of  a  circle 
indicates  the  75  years  of  the  president,  whose 
likeness  is  shown  in  the  center  of  the  trade- 
mark. The  base  indicates  the  firm  foundation 
on  which  the  business  is  founded,  and  the  vase 
with  flowei's  indicates  the  complimentary  and 
testimonial  lettei's  received  from  our  custom- 
ers with  regard  to  our  products. 


END   OF   PART  IV. 


THE  WILLIAMS  HISTORY 


PART  FIVE 


CHARACTERISTIC,  BUSINESS,  SYMBOLIC  AND  PHILOSOPHIC 
SAYINGS  AND  USEFUL  DATA 


WORDS 

Words  are  deeds.     The   words  we  hear 

May  revolutionize  or  rear 

A  mighty  state.    The  words  we  read 

May  be  a  spiritjal  deed 

Excelling  any  fleshly  one, 

As  much  as  the  celestial  sun 

Transcends  a  bonfire,  made  to  throw 

A  light  upon  some  raree-show. 

A  simple  proverb  tagged  with  rhyme 

May  color  half  the  course  of  time: 

The  pregnant  saying  of  a  sage 

May  influence  every  coming  age; 

A  song  in  its  effects  may  be 

More  glorious  than  Thermopylae, 

And  many  a  lay  that  schoolboys  scan 

A  nobler  feat  than  Inkermann. 

— Charles  Harpur  in  Kansas  City  Journal. 


"Words  —  words  —  words,"' — .vet  they  indi- 
cate a  man's  inner  mind.  Words  dress  up  his 
ideas  that  he  has  dug  out  of  the  gra.v  matter  of 
his  eerel)elluin,  so  that  they  make  their  impress 
on  other  minds;  that  Ihi'y  may  ei-o.ss  the  gap 
between  you  and  your  friend,  whether  it  be 
two  feet  or  10,000  miles  that  separate  you. 
Words — written  words — have  come  down  thv 
path  of  time  from  that  dim  period  in  the  past 
when  men  first  took  the  step  al)Ove  picture 
wi-iting  and  hierofilyphics  in  Avhich  they  crude- 
ly dressed  their  thoughts,  and  liy  the  use  of 
arbitrary  characters  of  definite  meaning  gave 
a  sharpness  and  individuality  to  the  silent  mes- 
sengers emanating  from  one  of  the  genus  homo, 
long  dead,  to  deliver  the  thoughts  of  other 
times  and  places  to  men  of  the  living  present, 
who  shall  likewise  make  their  mark  more  or 
less  legibly,  and  then  pass  on.  "All  the  world's 
a  stage  1"  sui'e  enough,  and  the  time  allotted 
to  various  actors  is  all  too  short.  "Words  fitly 
spoken  are  like  apples  of  gold  in  pictures  of 
silver,"  but  words  legibly   expi-essing  wise  or 


beautiful  thoughts  and  ideas  are  like  tongues 
of  eternal  fire  that  never  go  out,  or  like  Hope 
that  "springs  eternal  in  the  human  breast" — 
warming  and  enlightening  the  mind  of  each 
recipient  in  latei-  incarnations. 

So  these  letters  of  business  and  friendship 
by  the  author  are  presented  to  the  reader,  that 
he  may  form  a  mental  photograph  of  the  per- 
sonality of  Milton  F.  Williams,  the  great- 
grandson  of  Robert  Williams  of  a  century  and 
a   half  ago. 


This  characteristic  answer  by  M.  F.  Williams 
to  the  following  lettei'  speaks  for  itself: 


IS  Pa'cnt  Cr 
Louis.   Mo. 


May 
r  Co.. 


Dear  Sirs: 

We  rent  Mr.  A.  P.  Hi:sb;;nd,  Cccrctnry  of  the  MiU 
Icrs'  Fcdcrntion,  a  copy  of  t'.ie  inc'oseJ  statement 
and  ho  was  so  impressed  wi.h  the  story  it  tells  that 
he  asked  us  to  send  one  to  you. 

Of  equal,  if  net  greater,  importance  to  your  in- 
terest,., 1  believe,  is  a  story  which  appears  in  the 
May  number  of  the  Nation's  Business — "Can  We 
Supply  the  World  with  Food."  by  the  Kansa3  farm 
wizard,   F.   D.  Coburn. 

Louder  than  the  call  for  men  and  munitions,  has 
been  the  call  for  bread  to  supply  our  allies  and  our- 
selves. Even  if  our  wiieat  crop  is  bountiful,  we  may 
have  to  call  to  our  aid  other  grain  hitherto  little 
used  in  this  co;;ntry.  and  Mr.  Cobi:rn  teUs  how  this 
may  be  done. 

Mr.  A.  W.  Douglas,  a  far-seeins  business  statis- 
tician, agrees  with  Mr.  Cobarn  that,  in  spite  of  all 
the  dolorous  starvation  stories,  the  food  situation  is 
encouraging,  and  he  tells  us  why  in  his  monthly 
survey  of  the  nation's  business,  this  month  dealing 
with  "A  Forecast  of  Our  Harvests." 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


The  deluge  of  information  concerning  the  busi- 
ness outlook,  together  with  a  torrent  of  undigested 
advice,  has  confused  the  business  man  until  he  isn't 
sure  whether  he  is  standing  in  his  shoes  or  his  hat. 
He  is  anxiously  looking  for  sane  guidance. 

The  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  the  United  States 
has  made  its  official  publication,  The  Nation's  Busi- 
ness— to  quote  a  friend — "a  war-time  shock  absorber 
for  industry."  The  May  issue  contains  a  careful  and 
accurate  analysis  of  War  Congress  measures  affect- 
ing finance,  censorship,  railways,  export  trade,  canal 
tolls,  fuel,  food,  clotlning,  etc.  War  taxes — a  matter 
close  to  your  pocket  and  business — have  been  care- 
fully gone  into  and  reported  by  a  body  of  the  na- 
tion's business  executives  in  the  May  number. 
Sincerely  yours, 

GEORGE  T.  BYE, 
Director  of  Circulation. 


OUR  ANSWER 

St.  Louis,  Mo.,  May  19,  1917. 

The  Nation's  Business, 

Chamber  of  Conniierce  of  the  U.  S., 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Gentlemen : 

We  have  yours  of  the  14th.  Whoever  Mv. 
A.  P.  Husband  is,  Ave  are  sorry  to  inform  you 
that  we  have  never  made  his  acquaintance. 

Although  Ave  have  tried  to  hnsbiind  our  re- 
sources in  s\ich  a  manner  that  Ave  Avould  be 
knoAvn  throughout  the  world  and  form  a  por- 
tion of  the  Avorld's  history,  and  before  this  ni- 
human  Avar,  this  blood-thirsty  Avar,  caused  by 
trying  to  knock  a  chip  fi-om  the  shoulder  of  the 
Kaiser,  Ave  have  succeeded  in  shipping  our  ma- 
chines to  some  60-odd  foreign  countries;  be- 
sides a  fcAv  of  them,  yea,  a  fcAV  thousand,  are 
in  daily  opei-alioii  in  the  good  old  U.  S.  A. 

NoAv,  about  F.  D.  Coburn,  he  knows  us  and 
he  knoAvs  our  product.  We  knoAv  of  him,  Ave 
have  corresponded  with  him,  but  Ave  have  neA^er 
met  face  to  face.  We  haA'c  requests  to  sub- 
scribe to  so  many  publications  that  I  found  it 
necessary  to  hire  a  private  secretary  simply  to 
read  a  portion  of  the  publications,   and  since 


that  time  we  have  secured  the  services  of  an 
assistant  for  said  secretary. 

HoAvever,  since  the  Avar  began  avc  have  had 
more  business  than  avc  could  attend  to,  and  it 
has  caused  us  to  consti'uct  three  new  buildings 
to  add  to  our  line  and  increase  our  line  of 
manufacturing. 

While  publishers  generally  are  not  mechan- 
ics and  not  supposed  to  be  and  even  not  familiar 
generally  with  the  manufacture  of  goods  made 
from  steel,  the  writer  of  this  letter,  a  product 
of  the  State  of  Ohio,  born  in  a  log  cabin  and 
untutored,  has  produced  to  the  Avorld  something 
new  in  mechanics :  a  grinding  or  beating  princi- 
ple, which  was  not  previously  knoAvn  and  Avill 
leave  a  name  to  hand  doAvn  to  posterity  much 
greater  in  the  mechanical  Avorld  than  that  of 
Abraham  Lincoln,  although  avc  have  in  our  cor- 
ridor pictures  of  many  eminent  people.  A  gen- 
tleman, last  week,  asked  the  question  Avhom  I 
considered  the  greatest  in  the  group,  and  I 
stated  Abraham  Lincoln.  I  am  still  of  the  same 
opinion.  Abraham  Lincoln  was  a  man  of  the 
hour;  to  my  mind,  a  much  greater  man  and 
more  resourceful  than  President  Wilson.  Al- 
though President  Wilson  is  our  President  and 
Ave  must  support  him,  and  Ave  Avill  support  him. 
He  did  all  he  kncAV ;  he  tried  his  level  best  to 
keep  us  out  of  Avar,  but  uoav  avc  must  praise 
him  and  pat  him  on  the  back  for  keeping  us  in 
Avar,  so  to  speak. 

About  the  Nation's  business;  it  is  our  busi- 
ness, it  is  every  thinking  man's  business.  Can 
Ave  supply  the  Avorld  with  food?  If  Ave  Avere  a 
frugal,  safety-tirst  people,  we  Avould  not  be 
short  of  food,  but  the  tremendous  onslaught 
Avhich  the  submarines  have  made  and  the  A\'ick- 
edness  Avhich  the  Kaiser's  subjects  haA-e  per- 
petrated upon  all  nations  have  to  a  considerable 
extent  shortened  the  food  supply  in  all  eoun- 
ti'ic'?  Avhere  food  h  produced  abundantly,  Avhile 
no  doubt  the  Kaiser  has  seen  the  handAvriting 
upon  the  Avail,  and  has  escaped  to  Switzerland 
to  procure  a  little  needed  rest.  HoAvever,  Ave 
are  told  that  he  has  retreated  back  to  his  na- 
tive land  and  that  someone  shot  at  him  three 
times  in  his  armored  smoke-Avagon :  although 
this  is  a  non-authenticated  account,  it  only  fol- 


GRINiy:Wfi&!4^  THE  WILLIAMS  WAY 


lows  that  sojae  crank  or  red-shirted  euss  may 
get  him  yet.  We  are  sorry  to  speak  of  the 
Kaiser  as  we  have,  but  his  treacherousness — 
the  treacherousness  of  his  government,  not  of 
his  people,  as  the  most  of  them  are  good,  hon- 
est people,  led  by  a  false  prophet — will  only 
eventually  result  in  ruin  to  his  nation. 

When  the  Kaiser  started  out  his  slogan  was, 
"Rule  the  world,  or  ruin  the  world."  The 
result  is,  he  has  been  the  means  of  ruining  poor 
Belgium  and  a  number  of  other  small  nations, 
which  will  re(iuire  the  next  100  years,  if  not  a 
greater  length  of  time,  to  recuperate. 

The  onslaught  which  is  now  going  on  in 
Northern  France  is  another  example  of  their 
destruetiveness.  Ruination  and  devastation  to 
the  multitudes  and  to  the  poor.  A  nation  of 
people  who  have  been  at  least  40  years  pre- 
paring for  the  destruction  of  the  world  or  the 
mastery  of  commerce  and  of  commercial  lines 
will  yet  be  brought  to  bite  the  dust. 

The  German  people  as  a  class  are  a  wonder- 
ful people;  their  frugality  exceeds  by  far  our 
own.  We  can  learn  and  be  taught  many  les- 
sons from  their  preparedness,  from  their  sav- 
ing habits;  but  eventually  their  nation,  if  not 
now,  will  become  bankrupt  and  worn  thread- 
bare. The  great  works  of  Krupp,  in  the  town 
of  Essen,  will  be  brought  to  poverty,  and  while 
their  works  are  now  controlled  by  a  woman,  a 
daughter  of  probably  the  greatest  manufactur- 
er on  earth  in  his  time,  these  works  will  prob- 
ably be  reduced  to  ashes  and  will  he  known  no 
more. 

At  present  American  institutions  in  the  man- 
ufacturing of  steel  and  iron  product  are  ad- 
vancing with  leaps  and  bounds,  and  thej'  are 
becoming  abnormally  wealthy,  and  European 
gold  is  flowing  to  our  shores  at  almost  an 
alarming  rate. 

Let  us  not  as  a  nation  become  so  excited 
over  our  prospects  and  become  drunk  with  en- 
thusiasm and  lose  sight  of  the  fact  that  some 
of  us  may  overstep  the  bounds  of  reason,  pro- 
priety and  of  good  judgment,  and  cause  the 
wheels  of  progress  to  reverse,  blow  out  our 
fuses   and    come   to   a    sudden   standstill.    We 


must  biiild  better  than'  w%.  know  and  greater 
than  we  need,  and  -we  must  not  ignore  the  lit- 
tle garden  patches  that  we  daily  see  in  our 
City  of  St.  Louis  along  the  outer  and  inner 
margins  of  the  sidewalks  even,  not  mention- 
ing the  inner  yards,  some  of  which  are  fenced. 

This  nation  is  not  near  the  point  of  starva- 
tion. I  believe  one  statistician  has  remarked 
that  the  world  wastes  through  the  garbage-can 
route  $700,000,000.00  worth  of  food  per  year. 
Think  of  it !  If  this  be  true  the  shame  is  upon 
the  world  in  this  respect.  We  believe  it  to  be 
a  sin;  we  believe  it  to  be  a  sacrilege  for  a  sub- 
marine to  destroy  food,  our  God-given  food.  It 
has  been  my  one  greatest  thought  during  my 
whole  life :  who  knows,  how  do  Ave  know,  of 
the  great  problem  of  feeding  the  world?  Why 
do  we  not  come  to  starvation?  And  why  has 
it  been  during  my  70  years  of  existence  that 
the  world  has  not  had  a  famine  to  starve  all  of 
its  people?  It  is  true  that  we  have  had  famines 
in  India  and  other  parts  of  the  world;  it  is 
true  that  the  natives  of  India  have  been  so 
nearly  starved  that  they  would  hover  around 
depots  and  pick  up  the  fallen  grain  from  the 
torn  or  untied  sacks  of  cereals  which  would 
fall  in  the  dust ;  that  they  would  shovel  up  the 
dust,  including  the  droppings,  from  animals, 
sift  it  out,  wash  out  and  save  the  grain  and 
eat  it. 

May  this  condition  never  approach  America. 
While  we  always  have  in  America  a  few  starv- 
ing people,  it  is  not  the  frugal  class.  It  is  the 
improvident  kind  that  have  to  be  helped. 

If  our  scholars,  if  our  teachers,  if  our 
learned  school  superintendents,  would  teach 
more  of  economy  and  less  of  Latin  and  Greek 
to  the  common  people,  teach  them  how  to  take 
care  of  themselves  and  teach  them  that  it  is 
dishonorable  to  accept  charity — they  would  be 
greater  imitators  of  the  divine. 

The  good  book  tells  us  that  there  are  hew- 
ers of  wood  and  drawers  of  water;  there  are 
captains  of  industry  and  there  must  be  follow- 
ers, or  who  would  do  the  work? 

There  is  a  chain  of  circumstances  which  sur- 
rounds the  whole  human  race — each  of  us  is 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


but  a  link  in  that  chain ;  and  as  to  our  being 
Samsonized,  the  strength  of  the  chain  is  only 
that  of  its  weakest  link. 

God  in  His  wisdom  created  us  all,  the  wise 
and  the  unAvise,  the  strong  and  the  weak;  then 
it  behooves  those  of  greater  intellect  to  be- 
come leaders  to  provide  a  way  for  the  follow- 
ers. No  credit  to  a  man  who  has  superior  in- 
tellect ;  no  credit  to  a  man  or  woman  who  has 
great  knowledge  by  ac(iuisition,  by  learning, 
or  b.y  being  taught.  The  credit  belongs  to  the 
Creator  of  Mankind. 

If  a  follower  is  not  inclined  to  take  knowl- 
edge from  the  leader,  it  is  his  misfortune. 
Again,  upon  the  subject  of  starvation  in  your 
letter  of  the  14th,  Ave  will  not  starve  if  Ave 
understand  how  to  economize ;  and  Avhere,  as 
a  nation,  Ave  eat  tAviee  Ihe  amount  Ave  need, 
and  Avhere,  as  you  state,  that  the  English  peo- 
ple ate  bran,  Ave  presume  that  you  refer  in  the 
Bulletin  of  Avhich  Ave  have  a  copy,  that  the  cat- 
tle got  the  Avhole  Avheat;  and  that  the  price 
of  bran  Avas  $85.00  per  ton,  and  that  farmers 
found  it  more  profitable  to  feed  the  Avhole 
wheat  to  cattle  than  to  sell  it  and  buy  bran. 
A  better  proposition  would  be,  and  could  be, 
and  should  be:  if  the  cereal  crop  is  short,  after 
cleaning  it  thoioughly,  grind  it  all,  "THE  M. 
F.  WILLIAMS  WAY,"  into  a  graham  food, 
grind  the  bran  and  the  contents;  the  l)ran 
which  is  the  silex  coating  of  the  Avheat  berry, 
which  has  three  coatings  of  bran,  and  next  the 
inner  contents  composed  of  gluten  and  starch 
in  little  cells.  Before  Ave  should  starve,  if  we 
have  to,  grind  it  all  up  together  and  make  a 
bread  of  it,  a  broAvn  bread,  a  much  more  Avhole- 
some  bread  than  Avhat  is  knoAvn  today  as  patent 
flour  bread. 

It  may  not  tickle  our  palates  as  the  Avhite 
bread  does,  but  avc  Avould  grind  it  all  up  to- 
gether "THE  M.  F.  WILLIAMS  WAY,"  be- 
fore Ave  should  starve.  We  would  become  a 
stronger  people,  a  more  sturdy  people,  and  a 
greater  people,  and  the  product  of  bread,  for 
both  man  and  beast,  Avould  go  much  farther 
than  it  does  today. 

Further  refei-ring  to  the  United  States  tak- 
ing   pattern    after    Eui'ope    and    benefiting   by 


their  mistakes you  state  it  will.be  the  busi- 
ness of  the  Nation's  Business  to  tell  the  story 
of  Avhat  Europe  has  done,  and  about  the  sci- 
entific distribution  of  food  and  the  develop- 
ment of  men  to  handle  the  guns;  we  hope  that 
you  Avill  touch  upon  the  subject  and  give  due 
credit  to  the  men  who  make  the  guns,  as  they 
have  to  be  made  first  before  they'  can  be  used. 
We  admit  that  the  Nation's  business  and  the 
Government's  business  is  a  subject  common 
and  equally  interesting  to  all. 

Although  Ave  have  been  21  years  and  better, 
manufacturing  these  Grinders,  avc  Avere  unable 
to  introduce  one  into  France, — until  after  the 
Avar.  The  Avriter  of  this  letter  is  an  uneducat- 
ed farmer  boy,  and  if  I  could  be  considered 
possessed  of  any  education  Avorthy  of  note,  I 
have  gotten  it  from  a  business  life,  as  best  I 
could,  and  as  best  I  knew,  having  had  no  tu- 
tors or  predecessors  in  that  line. 

You  speak  of  a  Mr.  A.  W.  Douglas,  a  far- 
seeing  business  statistician — by  the  method 
Avhich  I  have  proposed  I  can  shoAv  F.  D.  Coburn 
of  Kansas,  no  doubt  the  greatest  agriculturist 
of  the  states,  how  to  make  the  crop  go  farther; 
but  it  Avill  have  to  be  a  naatter  of  necessity  be- 
fore the  people  Avill  resort  to  it. 

If  1  had  the  lime  I  Avould  be  very  glad  to  go 
farther  into  the  subject,  but  if  these  feAV  re- 
marks from  the  pen  of  an  old  sinner  are  Avorth.y 
cf   notice,   Avould   be    glad   to   heai-   from   you. 

Yours  very  truly, 

THE  WILLIAMS  PATENT  CRUSHER  AND 
PULVERIZER  COMPANY, 

By  M.  F.  Williams,  President. 


St.  Louis,  September  1!),  191S. 

The  Blake  Milling  Co., 
Edwardsville,  Ills.,  U.  S.  A. 

Gentlemen : — 

Mr.  Henry  L.  Geisler  at  this  Avriting  sits  at 
my  I'ight  hand,  and  Satan  at  the  left, — that  is, 


WILLIAMS    GRINDERS    CONTINUALLY    IMPROVING 


metaphorically  speaking.  Yoii  state  if  Mr. 
Geisler  could  have  been  at  Edwardsvillc  at  the 
psychological  moment,  that  the  Williams  grind- 
er would  not  be  camoutiaged  down  in  the 
trenches  and  possibly  in  the  dugout.  You 
speak  of  our  competitors — now,  Christian 
friend  and  fellow-traveler  to  the  Bar  of  Eter- 
nity, we  haven't  any — we  know  of  none. 

Father  Williams  has  been  in  the  city  of  St. 
Louis  this  his  45th  year.  I  worked  in  an  Ed- 
wardsvillc mill  as  a  millwright  possibly  before 
you  were  born,  and  since  we  are  the  pioneers 
before  the  Millers  to  build  screenings  grind- 
ers, we  have  never  copied  anyone ;  we  have  too 
much  personal  pride  and  too  many  original 
ideas  to  copy  or  follow  in  the  rut. 

Brave  men  go  over  the  top  .out  into  the  open 
and  meet  the  enemy  with  a  liayonet  cliarge  ;  this 
we  have  done  and  are  continuing.  Father  Wil- 
liams has  filed  in  the  Patent  Office  thus  far 
in  1918,  forty-nine  original  applications  for 
patent  artielei-i  lun-er  known  befoi-e,  in  the 
world. 

When  1  took  out  my  Hrst  patent  upon  the 
Hinged-IIannner  principle,  it  was  as  new  in 
America  and  all  othei-  countries  as  a  new  idea 
could  be.  We  now  have  over  150  patents 
upon  this  grindei',  appliances  and  improve- 
ments, and  recently  we  got  a  eei-tificatc  of  reg- 
istration of  oui'  Trade  ilark  called  the  "Ideal." 
A  would-be  competitor  has  tried  to  steal  this 
word  "Ideal."  He  will  have  to  surrender  or 
go  through  the  courts  upon  an  infi'ingement 
trial.  However,  this  has  nothing  whatever  to 
do  with  the  Williams  grindei-  No.  2586,  with 
no  doubt  a  sign  upon  same,  "Foi'  Sale  to  the 
Highest  Bidder."  Now,  ilessT's.  Blake  Milling 
Co.,  Edwardsvillc,  Ills.,  No.  2586  (using  a  mili- 
tary phrase)  is  not  even  the  high  private  in 
the  rear  rank — it's  a  back  number.  It  is  anti- 
quated. We  would  not  call  it  a  veiy  old  model 
and  away  out  of  date.  That  being  the  ease, 
we  could  not  possibly  offer  you  for  same  more 
than  $23.00  F.  0.  B.  ear,  and  we  believe  that 
even  this  sum  for  this  dilapidated,  anti(|uated, 
and  back-in-the-woods  grinder,  in  comparison 
to  our  later  models,  will  be  more  than  anyone 
else  would  be  willing  to  offer  for  same. 


But  as  a  general  thing,  the  grinders  of  to- 
da.v  will  be  back  numbers  tomorrow,  as  we 
never  sleep,  and  are  always  on  the  qui  vive  for 
something  better.  The  pneumatic  metal  catch- 
er Avhich  we  have  been  so  vigorously  advertis- 
ing is  this  day  out  of  date,  as  I  have  devised 
something  so  much  more  simple  which  Avill 
work  while  j'ou  sleep,  like  cascarets — does  not 
require  air,  does  not  require  anything  but  com- 
mon sense,  and  it  avouUI  be  just  as  impossible 
for  a  bit  of  metal,  a  three-ounce  tack,  a  minute 
particle  of  metal,  the  size  of  a  grain  of  sand, 
including  a  grain  of  sand,  and  upward  to  the 
ship's  anchor — to  pass  into  a  Williams  grinder, 
using  a  Biblical  phrase  which  is  familiar  to 
all  Millers — that  it  would  be  just  as  impossi- 
ble for  a  particle  of  foreign  substance  to  get 
into  the  grinder,  as  it  would  be  foi-  "a  camel 
to  pass  through  the  eye  of  a  needle." 

Yet  upon  the  other  hand,  this  hundred  per 
cent  safety  device  is  not  a  hundred  per  cent — 
and  why  not?  Suppose  in  the  revolution  of  a 
Williams  up-to-date  grinder,  with  the  beaters 
tempered  too  highly,  and  suppose  a  barrel  stave 
or  an  car  of  eoi-ii  which  our  latest  metal  catch- 
er wouhl  not  catch,  and  suppose  they  go  down 
into  the  grimier — however,  these  sizes  are  some- 
what magnified — and  suppose  they  would  break 
a  corner  from  one  of  our  grinder  beaters — 
would  this  cornel'  go  through  the  cage  or  would' 
it  not  ?  It  certainly  would  if  the  grinder  was 
not  provided  with  our  feed  hopper  gravity 
catcher. 

They  are  all  provided  with  this  kind, — good, 
bad  and  indifferent,  male  and  female,  the  long 
and  the  short,  the  high  and  the  low,  and  of  all 
denominations.  Our  A.  B.  C.  line  is  provided 
with  a  hammer-corner  metal  catcher,  that  is 
also  100%  on  the  dollar,  and  that  is  of  today. 
In  Mr.  Geisler's  meanderings  over  God's  foot- 
stool calling  upon  old  dusties,  with  their  cheeks 
and  the  backs  of  their  hands  dotted  over  with 
tl:e  miniature  pieces  of  steel  from  the  old-time 
mill  picks, — he  has  found  but  one  Miller,  and 
he  is  in  Minneapolis,  who  insisted  upon  both 
kinds. 

He  saw  the  point  at  a  glance,  and  he  has 
both  kinds,  and  his  cognomen,  or  his  business 


THE    WILLMMS    HISTORY 


address,  is  the  Barber  Milling  Co.,  of  Minne- 
apolis. I  would  be  glad  to  have  you  write 
them.  We  believe  they  are  our  friends,  and 
yet  we  will  trust  to  Providence  as  to  hoAv  they 
Avill  answer.  We  hope  you  Avill  write  them. 
We  have  in  Minneapolis  alone,  aboiit  25  or  30 
of  our  grinders.  At  one  time  Pillsbury's  Best 
had  five  of  our  grinders,  and  they  returned 
every  one  Avhen  the  Strong  Seott  people  start- 
ed up  and  Pillsbury's  head  miller  bought  stock 
in  the  Strong  Scott  Grinder — which  is  strong 
in  name  only  and  is  not  as  strong  in  practice 
as  it  was.  An  old  wise  ijatriai-eh,  it  is  said, 
made  use  of  the  expression  that  "History  re- 
peats herself  every  seven  years.'"' 

Pillsbury's  Best  in  Buffalo,  Pillsbury's  Best 
in  Louisville,  Pillsbury's  Best  in  St.  Joseph  and 
Pillsbury's  Best  at  other  plants,  have  duplicat- 
ed orders  for  the  latest  Williams  Way  as  they 
suppose — and  yet  they  haven't  got  the  latest, 
but  they  have  duplicated  orders,  which  is  more 


Gentlemen,  it  is  our  fault  and  not  yours  that 
we  haven't  kept  you  advised  as  to  our  progress. 
We're  going  on  and  on  and  on,  we  are  com- 
manded by  the  Sacred  Book  to  come  higher, 
we  are  commanded  by  Common  Sense  to  go 
highei' — which  we  are  doing  in  our  line  of  im- 
provements; and  anj'one  who  carefully  watches 
the  Operative  Miller  and  reads  our  camouflage, 
they  will  keep  fairly  well  posted. 

We  are  enclosing  you  a  copy  of  Bulletin  No. 
202 — yet  this  number  is  way  back  on  the  line 
— giving  a  few  facts  that  we  are  proud  of.  A 
millionaire  concern  in  Alleghany  City,  Pa. — 
they  call  him  Heinz — he  has  over  a  million- 
dollar  pier  at  Atlantic  City.  In  1900  I  saw  his 
automobile  showing  his  proverbial  bottle  of 
pickles,  in  London  and  in  Paris.  In  Alleghany 
City  upon  his  bulletin  board  he  has  a  wooden 
pickle  at  least  40  feet  in  length.  He  boasts 
of  his  57  varieties,  Avhile  our  2x4  concern 
boasts  of  their  257  varieties  and  over. 

Now,  in  our  22nd  year,  our  grinder  No.  1  is 
still  operating  every  day  in  East  St.  Louis! 
We  think  this  is  going  some,  and  Ave  hope  it 
will  stand  for  22  years  longer.     Some  reputa- 


tion! We  are  not  ashamed  of  our  reputation, 
we  are  not  ashamed  of  any  machine  which  vre 
ever  constructed,  and  we  have  in  our  experi- 
mental shop  a  Avaiting  list  which  would  sur- 
prise anyone— like  getting  into  the  waiting 
line  at  a  first-class  theatre,  or  the  election  polls 
to  vote  before  6  o  'clock  in  the  morning,  or  the 
waiting  line  to  go  over  the  blo'ody  chasm  to 
Ab.salom's  bosom— but  in  this  line  I  have  failed 
to  notice  very  many  machinery  men.  perhaps 
occasionally  a  few  millers  and  mill  owners. 

Yours  truJj^, 

M.  F.  WILLIAMS,  President. 


St.  Louis,  October  11,  1918. 

St.   Louis  Post-Dispatch, 
St.  Louis,  JMo. 

Gentlemen: — 

Someone  handed  the  writer  a  clipping  which 
must  have  been  from  your  paper  of  yesterday. 
The  heading,  "Justice,  Not  Revenge."  If  you 
cai'c  to  publish  something  near  what  I  am  writ- 
ing, I  am  taking  exceptions  to  "Justice,  Not 
Revenge." 

While  this  article,  may  it  be  nearer  Justice 
and  nearer  Christian-like,  than  my  article  will 
be,  and  referring  to  the  criticisms  of  Maximil- 
Jian  and  the  Hun  Peace  Protocol,  you  will  re- 
call in  days  gone  by  when  in  Indian  war  times 
and  in  an  old  Fifth  Reader,  50  years  ago,  a  les- 
son was  placed  before  the  children  from  an 
Indian  war  fighter  declaiming  "Peace,  peace, 
there  is  no  peace"— the  war  has  actually  be- 
gun. I  have  written  this  as  a  copy  over  60 
years  ago,  and  while  the  writer  of  this  article 
is  of  Welsh  parentage  or  extraction,  he  is  an 
American,  also  his  father  and  his  grandfather 
-but  my  great-grandfather  was  born  in  Wales. 

My  people  on  both  sides  of  the  house  Avere 
I^'riends,  or  Quakers,  and  the  old,  straight-back 
and  sti-aight-laeed  Quakers  Avere  not  fighters, 
but  Avere  ahvays  for  Peace.     But  I  have  been 


BRING  THE  HUNS  TO  THEIR  KNEES 


called  "a  degenerate  son,"  and  if  I  am,  I  am 
willing  to  acknowledge  it ;  bnt  I  am  a  fairly 
good  citizen — but  I  am  not  with  the  Germans 
for  peace. 

My  slogan  is  not  '"Peace  at  any  price,"'  but 
my  idea  of  the  settling  of  this  war  is  a  lasthig 
peace.  The  intrigue,  the  trickiness,  the  mur- 
dering of  the  Belgians,  are  landmarks  in  luy 
life  never  to  be  forgotten.  Any  American  citi- 
zen who  loves  his  country  as  I  claim  to  love  my 
country  can't  understand  an>-  other  way  of 
having  a  peace  than  to  brirg  the  Huns  to  their 
knees,  and  in  a  sense  "in  sackcloth  and  ashes." 

I  have  been  sorely  disappointed  in  our  Goa- 
ernment  not  having  more  bombing  aeroplanes 
in  the  enemy's  countiy,  destroying  their  rail- 
roads, destroying  their  public  buildings,  de- 
stroying their  annnunition  factories  and  devas- 
tating their  country.  I  am  in  favor  of  the  aero- 
planes '"hewinK  to  the  line,  and  let  the  chips 
fall  whei-e  they  may."  Althoujih  notwithstand- 
ing this  fact,  some  of  my  family  are  closely  re- 
lated to  the  German  nation, — one  of  my  wife's 
sisters  married  a  man  born  in  Germany,  my 
youngest  son  married  the  descendant  of  a  Ger- 
I'.vn  whose  grandfather  was  born  in  Germany 
and  they  were  both  splendid  mi'n.  I  am  a 
warm  fi-icnd  to  German-Americans.  Thank  1li!< 
Lord,  this  country  is  filled  with  the  best  citi- 
zens who  ai'e  descendant  from  Germany.  All 
of  our  Gorman-Americans  are  good  citizens  and 
can  be  counted  amongst  our  most  esteemed 
citizens,  and   good,  law-abiding  Americans. 

K.'ad  the  daily  list  of  our  l)oys  in  tlu^  can- 
tonmcnls  of  oin-  bciys  ''Over  There,"  and  1  be- 
lieve I  am.  correct  in  statinii'  Unit  .'lO';  if  not 
more  are  the  descendants  of  (io-mans  and  liear 
German  names. 

The  kind  of  wai-fare  wliich  I  am  in  favoi'  of 
is  the  sentiment  expressed  by  an  ofHeer  in  high 
command  by  the  name  of  Wliittlesly.  who  was 
surrounded  in  a  wood  in  Northern  France, 
cithei-  this  week  oi'  last,  and  he  had  only  part 
of  his  i-egiment.  The  Huns  knew  he  was  sur- 
rounded ;  he  knew  he  was  surrounded.  The 
boys  had  been  without  food  for  almost  four 
days,  according  to  the  "Globe."  The  Germans 
sent   one   of  our  prisoners,   an   American   boy. 


blind-folded,  over  into  the  camp  with  the  re- 
quest for  our  men  to  surrender.  What  Avas 
Whittlesly  's  answer  ?  It  was  plainly  and  simply 
"Go  to  Hell."  That's  the  kind  of  an  American 
citizen  the  writer  of  this  document  is — what- 
ever it  may  be  called.  Some  of  our  men  were 
too  weak  to  stand  or  march,  but,  thank  God, 
they  had  filled  their  canteens  with  good  drink- 
ing water,  and  while  the  statement  which  I 
read  did  not  say  how  they  were  delivered  from 
the  wilderness,  they  were  delivered,  and  went 
over  the  top  again. 

That  is  American  determination!  How  many 
instances  have  we  from  our  soldiers  in  trenches, 
by  reading  of  their  letters  at  first,  but  not  now, 
thank  God,  when  the  Germans  hallooed  "Kam- 
arad"  and  our  bo.ys  gave  up,  believing  them  to 
be  in  earnest  as  one  soldier  should  treat  an- 
other in  time  of  surrender;  the  result  was,  as 
everyone  knows  who  reads  the  daily  papei's, 
that  our  men  were  bayoneted — but  not  any 
more,  thank  God!  We  have  an  instance  this 
week  wJuM-e  one  nuin  A\i-ote  back  to  his  mother 
that  in  a  shell-hole  he  found  three  of  the  Huns 
who  had  been  sharpshooting  at  our  lioys.  Th(\v 
hallooed  "Kamarad,"  as  he  started  ovei'  +he 
top,  but  he  states  he  answered  Kamarad  with 
his  bayonet,  and  the  three  bit  the  dust.  That's 
the  kind  of  peace  tluit  we  should  mete  out  to 
the  intriguers  and  mui'derei's  and  Ilohenzollcrn 
believers  and   Followers. 

The  article  "Justice,  Not  Revenge"  states  we 
are  fighting  for  Justice  and  Liberty,  nothing 
nmre.  That  is  true  in  a  sense,  but  in  another 
sense  we  want  such  a  peace  as  will  last  through- 
out the  world  for  the  next  hundred  thousand 
yea  IS  What  will  assure  it?  As  long  as  there 
is  a  drop  of  blood  left  in  Kaiserism,  just  that 
long  these  bones  will   rise  as^ain. 

Presid(>nt  Wilson,  I  look  upon  him  as  a  very 
gi'cat  man.  While  I  did  net  vote  for  him 
either  time,  as  soon  as  he  was  elected  I  said  he 
is  our  President,  we  will  support  him.  It  is 
true  enough,  when  we  are  assured  of  a  lasting- 
liberty  we  have  nothing  more  to  fight  for,  as 
we  do  not  wish  to  gain  territory  by  acquisi- 
tion; we  believe  that  America  and  her  posses- 
sions are  ample  for  her  people. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


We  have  acquired  considerable  property,  in- 
cluding several  islands,  but  we  do  not  fight  for 
them  as  the  savages  did — we  ac(iuired  them  for 
a  moneyed  consideration.  America  sets  the 
pace,  America  is  the  greatest  country  on  earth 
financially,  mechanically,  and  in  every  other 
condition  which  goes  to  make  up  good  citizen- 
ship and  true  manhood. 

"Justice,  Not  Revenge"  states  that  we  have 
pledged  our  power  and  intluence  to  a  program 
for  Justice  to  all,  and  malice  towards  none.  Let 
us  add :  All  we  ask  is  that  our  enemies  submit 
to  our  terms.  That  is  correct;  that  is  true 
Americanism :  and  before  we  talk  peace,  let  us 
be  sure  that  this  condition  will  be  maintained. 

As  General  Gi'init  said  to  General  Lee,  an 
unconditional  surrender  or  none,  our  good 
President  Wilson  \\ill  say  the  same  now,  voic- 
ing Americanism  in  so  doing. 

Our  President's  fourteen  clauses,  they  state 
they  are  willing  to  accept.  Yes.  let  us  be  sure, 
let  us  be  morally  certain,  that  this  is  not  a 
camouflage.  The  facts  are  that  the  American 
people  and  our  Government  have  been  treated 
or  subjected  to  so  much  intrigue,  so  much  de- 
ception, so  much  incendiarism,  so  much  work- 
ing in  the  dark — that  not  a  country  on  the 
globe  outside  of  Hunism  has  a  scintilla  of  faith 
in  their  words  or  in  their  actions. 

What  we  mean  by  this  assertion  is  Hohen- 
zollernism.  Not  one  Amei'ican  snldier  out  of  a 
thousand  who  are  now  in  the  encauipments  or 
who  are  in  France,  or  who  are  in  the  Italtle 
front,  ■will  take  or  be  satisfied  with  anything 
short  of  "On  to  Berlin"  and  that  "Over  the 
fence  is  out." 

"Justice,  Net  Reveng-e" — That  an  eye  for  an 
eye  and  a  tooth  for  a  tooth  is  all  that  will  sat- 
isfy a  true  American.  We  are  commanded  by 
the  Good  Book:  "If  a  man  smite  thee  on  one 
cheek  turn  to  him  the  other  one  also."  That 
is  good  Quaker  doctrine,  but  the  Quakers  of 
themselves  never  fought  a  battle;  they  were  a 
peaceful  tribe ;  but  in  war  times,  such  as  we  are 
engaged  in,  "On  to  Berlin"  is  the  only  turn- 
ing  of   the    other   cheek    which     will    answer 


About  bombing  German  hospitals,  killing  in- 
nocent women  and  children,  they  have  had 
ample  warning,  and  the  poor  Belgians  and  oth- 
ers had  no  warning.  Let  the  Kaiser  say  to  his 
Lord:  "I  go  to  prepare  a  place  for  you." 

Many  American  citizens  have  decided  that 
the  battle  will  be  won  in  the  air.  Many  have 
been  disappointed,  but  I  believe  we  are  now 
getting  a  pay-day  move  on  us  with  our  aero- 
planes in  France,  our  flyers  in  France,  our 
bombing  machines  in  France,  and  let  us  hope 
to  the  good  Lord  that  thousands  more  of  these 
flying  outfits  with  their  engineers  will  soon  be 
landed  all  over  Germany. 

"Justice,  Not  Revenge"  states  in  his  article 
that  the  killing  of  German  women  and  children 
and  giving  an  eye  for  an  eye  and  a  tooth  for 
a  tooth  is  a  disgrace  and  not  Americanism. 
What  did  George  Dewey  do  in  Manila  Bay? 
He  severed  the  wires,  he  got  out  of  touch  with 
Washington,  he  got  out  of  hearing  of  Wash- 
ington, he  said  in  his  nautical  language  to  the 
Spanish  ships  "Surrender  or  I  Avill  shoot!" 
The  Spanish  ships  refused,  and  George  Dewey's 
ships  shot.  I  always  gloried  in  his  spunk.  But 
the  American  people  who  worshiped  George 
Dewey  in  those  Spanish  war  times,  almost  lost 
respect  for  him  when  he  gave  the  house  in 
Washington  which  they  made  him  a  present  of 
to  his  wife.  In  this  George  did  Avrong.  We  made 
George  a  present  for  the  sake  of  George,  not 
for  his  wife.  Let  him  share  it  with  his  good 
wife  if  he  thought  best. 

Shall  we  become  savages  because  our  ene- 
mies are  savages?  Shall  we  perform  the  bar- 
I)arous  acts,  the  same  as  those  whom  wo  con- 
demn? I  say:  Yes,  just  a  little — just  enough 
till  the  call  of  Kamarad  comes  from  every 
household.  This  is  my  kind  of  justice.  They 
played  with  us,  they  deceived  us.  they  lied  to 
us.  The  Kaiser  told  our  Gerard  that  the  Amer- 
icans wouldn't  fight.  Let  us  therefore  prove 
to  the  world  that  the  American  boys  will  fight, 
and  that  they  are  fighting — many  of  them  only 
having  had  six  months'  training  against  40 
years  of  militarism — not  40  years  in  the  wil- 
derness, but  40  years  in  a  nation  which  claimed 
to  be  a  civilized  and  Christianized  countrv. 


FOUNTAIN  PARK  CONGREGATIONAL  CHURCH 


Were  vre  fighting  with  man  eaters  and  can- 
nibals, we  wonld  set  an  example  by  teaching; 
but  since  ■\vc  are  fighting  with  educated  canni- 
bals, let  us  treat  them  in  the  same  light,  let  us 
call  a  spade  a  spade !  This  h  a  war — no  ques- 
tion al)out  it — for  humanity  and  civilization. 
Shall  wo  abandon  both  .'  Using  the  language  of 
"Justice,  Not  Revenge,"  he  sa.vs  never— I  say: 
No,  never! 

Let  us  not  defile  the  prineiplcs  laid  down  liy 
our  forefathei-s  in  1776.  I  say:  Leave  it  to 
President  Wilson  and  the  Americini  boys  who 
are  fighting  under  the  Stars  and  Stripes  in  their 
khaki  suits. 

We  have  been  told  l\v  the  collcetoi's  ov  sales- 
men fiH'  Liberty  bonds:  "Subseiibe  until  it 
hurts."  This  ir;  correct.  It's  the  true  way  to 
look  on  the  conditions  now  eont'ronling  us. 

I  am  not  criticising  the  article  entitled  "Jus- 
tice, Not  Revenge."  I  am  trying  to  go  a  little 
farther  into  the  etu'iuies"  land  with  America's 
kind  of  Ilohenzollernism,  and  teach  a  lesson 
which  will  never  W  forgott.-n,  and  by  so  assist- 
ing our  lilies  we  are  placing  before  the  world 
the  lesson  taught  us  by  the  Declaration  of  In- 
dependence, and  the  lesson  handed  us  by  onr 
forefathers. 

Since  there  was  no  occasion  for  this  war,  the 
Entente  were  not  really  fighting  for  an  exist- 
ence, as  the  Kaiser  tries  to  make  believe.  The 
Kaiser  started  out,  in  my  estimation,  truly  and 
honestly  believing  that  in  90  days  be  would  Ite 
in  Pai'is,  and  probably  in  less  than  two  years 
his  army  would  domineer  the  world;  and  eveiy 
American  citizen  knows — evei-y  mothei-  knows 
— that  if  it  had  not  been  for  our  declaring  war 
against  Germany,  only  the  good  Loi-d  would 
know  the  condition  Europe  would  liave  been  in 
toda.v. 

I  furthei-  believe  that  by  the  help  of  the 
good  Lord,  that  America  is  the  Savior,  or  will 
be  the  Savior,  of  the  whole  world.  Then  if 
that  be  the  case  (and  there  is  no  other  possible 
ending  of  this  confiict),  let  us  be  world  teach- 


ers of  good,  honest,  fair  and  Christian  citizen- 
ship.   Very  respectfidly, 

MILTON  F.  WILLIAMS. 

Broadway  and  Montgomery  St.,  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
U.  S.  A. 


October  24,  1918. 

Fountain  Park  Congregational  Church, 
St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Bi-ethren  and  Sisters  in  Sin: — 

Once  upon  a  time,  we  have  been  told  by  the 
records  of  the  church,  that  it  was  located,  I 
think,  upon  Fi'aneis  street,  and  at  that  time 
only  my  Avife  belonged  to  tho  ehurcb.     T  think 

bath  inornin'';  T  went  to  ehurcb.  Tiie  nnnister 
at  that  lime  w:;s  Tiev.  Theodore  Clifton  (uoav 
deceased). 

His  sernu-n,  I  disremembei-  the  text,  but  I 
listened  to  his  appeal  (|uite  attentively,  and 
was  imjiresscd  to  this  extent — that  as  soon  as 
the  sermon  was  finished  I  left  my  seat,  without 
warning  to  my  wife,  without  malie(>  afore- 
thought, and  v,;ilked  up  to  the  minister.  I 
said:  "Re\-.  Clifton.  I  have  been  touched  by 
your  .'ei'nuiii.  I  wish  to  join  the  church  in- 
stanter — not  by  holding  a  council  over  my  pre- 
\ions  life  01-  my  demeanoi'  in  the  i)ast  or  pi'es- 
int.  but  now.  If  the  laws  of  the  church  will 
not  permit,  then  we  will  forget  the  incident; 
but  if  they  will  perndt,  let  those  who  ob.iect, 
keep  Iheir  seats;  those  who  do  not  object  may 
give  their  consent  li.y  rising." 

Brother  Clifton  (peace  to  his  ashes)  said, 
"Bi-ethren,  arise."  As  I  now  recall,  the  rna- 
joi'ity  arose,  and  I  was  taken  into  the  fold  and 
that  probably  in  a  manner  in  which  not  an- 
other individual  in  the  city  of  St.  Louis  was 
taken  into  a  church — without  excitement  and 
without  a  revival.  The  reason  I  joined  the 
church  was  to  assist  my  wife  in  trying  to  raise 
our  family  in  the  proper  manner,  as  it  was  not 


THE     WILLIAMS     HISTORY 


fair  to  her  to  bear  the  burden  and  instill  the 
moral  obligation,  saying  nothing  about  the  re- 
ligious life. 

As  time  passed  on  and  the  church  moved,  or 
joined  with  Fountain  Park  Church  (selling 
their  property  on  Grand  avenue  and  probably 
from  ten  to  fourteen  years  thereafter),  there 
was  a  mortgage  of  $-5000.00  placed  upon  the 
propert.y,  and  subse(|uently  to  this  time — a  few 
years  later — I  was  elected  a  trustee.  After  try- 
ing to  perform  my  duty  as  such,  I  brought  up 
one  evening  at  the  meeting  the  subject  of  the 
$5,000.00  mortgage;  and  I  stated  before  the 
meeting  that  it  was  not  good  business  policy 
continually,  year  after  year,  to  carry  the  mort- 
gage and  pay  the  interest  thereon ;  and  my 
proposition  was  to  reduce  the  mortgage  each 
year  $500.00. 

But  such  proposition  was  not  favoi'ably  re- 
ceived. It  was  decided  by  the  Board  of  Trus- 
tees that  as  that  particular  year  was  the  40th 
anniversary  of  the  founding  of  the  chvirch  on 
Boston  street,  that  the  mortgage  should  be  paid 
on  the  40th  year.  I  remonstrated  against  the 
effort,  but  was  overruled.  The  mortgage  was 
paid ;  the  mortgage  was  burned  on  the  40th 
anniversary,  but  t|uite  shortly  after  this  period 
in  one,  two  or  three  years  another  $5,000.00 
mortgage  was  placed  upon  the  property,  and 
shortly  after  still  another,  making  $10,000.00 
indebtedness  against  the  property  as  it  stands 
today. 

The  effort  of  Rev.  Gonzales  to  reduce  one- 
half  of  the  indebtedness  and  then  get  the 
Church  Building  Society  to  take  over  the  sec- 
ond $5,000.00  mortgage — this  I  call  a  business 
proposition ;  and  since  my  good  friend  and  fel- 
low traveler.  Hupp  Tevis,  has  had  the  audacity 
to  place  me  in  the  limelight  by  getting  me  to 
take  the  largest  number  in  liquidating,  I  as- 
sent to  same  most  graciously.  I  wish  it  most 
particularly  understood  that  I  am  not  paying 
it  all,  only  75%  of  it,  and  the  other  25%  is 
donated  by  my  son,  A.  F.  Williams.  Also,  in 
subscribing  and  tendei'ing  this  check  of  $1,000 
(which  is  to  be  marked  "paid"  at  this  date  in 
gilt  letters)   I  am  doing  it  with  the  hope  and 


belief  that  others  will  follow  as  best  they  can, 
and  according  to  pledges,  at  the  appointed 
time. 

It  is  marked  on  the  face  of  the  check,  and  it 
cannot  be  used  for  any  other  purpose — only  as 
outlined  above;  and  with  these  few  remarks, 
not  from  a  Patron  Saint  but  from  an  ordinary 
layman,  I  respectfully  subscribe  myself, 

Sincerely  yours, 

MILTON  F.  WILLIAMS. 


St.  Louis,  Mo.,  February  28,  1919. 

Messrs.   Globe  Printing  Co., 
Editorial  Department, 
St.  Louis,  Mo. 

A  REPLY  TO  A   SHORT   NEWS  ITEM 

C.  E.  Haase  Tells  of  Verses  Son  Wrote 

While  I  do  not  wish  to  go  into  the  distaste- 
ful controversy  in  the  papers,  between  Super- 
intendent Miller  and  Doctor  Withers,  if  I  were 
to  express  an  opinion  I  would  say,  for  the 
moral  effect  of  all  schools  in  our  city,  that  they 
should  not  have  disagreed.  I  approve  the  ac- 
tion which  the  School  Board  took  in  condemn- 
ing an.ything  which  may  be  written  by  young 
men  in  the  albums  of  young  ladies  which  could 
l)e  considered  distasteful. 

Had  T  have  been  School  Superintendent,  it 
would  have  been  my  policy  to  hew  to  the  line 
and  allow  the  chips  to  fall  where  they  may. 
If  a  tub  cannot  stand  upon  its  own  bottom,  it 
shouldn't  be  in  school. 

Many  ycai's  ago,  when  I  had  three  sons  in 
the  public  school,  and  the  teacher  sent  notes 
home,  or  sent  the  children  home  (which  they 
did  on  more  than  one  occasion),  we  always 
patted  the  teacher  on  the  back  and  said: 
Teacher,  do  your  duty.  A  teacher  or  a  Super- 
intendent who  is  afraid  of  a  parent  is  not  a 
good  teacher  and  is  not  a  good  Superintendent. 


RALSTON  PURINA  CO. 


For  the  moral  effect  in  all  schools,  public 
or  private,  back  up  your  teachers,  back  up 
your  Superintendents,  as  they  are  generally 
right. 

Mr.  C.  E.  Haase,  who  fails  to  give  his  ad- 
dress in  vindicating  the  cause  of  his  son,  is  do- 
ing the  proper  thing.  When  he  publishes  over 
his  name  the  lines  from  the  would-be  bard  he 
did  that  which  is  correct.  And  in  the  verse 
the  poetical  effusion  from  young  Mr.  Haase, 
don't  try  to  excuse  yourself,  the  elder  Mr. 
Haase,  by  stating  that  the  St.  Louis  Republic 
copied,  almost  word  for  word,  the  same  piece 
of  poeti-y.  Come  out  from  undei'  cover  would 
be  my  verdict,  were  I  the  judge  and  jury  both. 
And  while  the  rhythms  are  not  so  bad,  yet  I 
should  not  advise,  as  a  parent  in  his  73rd  year, 
a  repetition  of  the  same  kind  of  poetry  writ- 
ten in  school  books.  Teach  young  men  to  ele- 
vate their  thoughts  and  be  more  lofty  in  their 
selections  of  poetiy;  and  while  it  is  true  that 
more  than  erne  inference  can  lie  di'awn  from 
the  Haase  poetry,  I  doubt  whethiM-  it  is  orig- 
inal. 

It  may  be  the  lines  and  may  be  the  verse 
from  some  well-known  bai'd  who  lived  genera- 
tions ago  ;  and  whose  stentorian  tones  may  have 
gone  forth  in  print,  as  famous  as  those  of  Mil- 
ton, James  Whitcomb  Riley,  Longfellow.  Whit- 
tier  OT-  Lord  Byi'on  of  England. 

Be  that  as  it  may,  individuals  in  i-eading  the 
poem  can  draw  their  own  infei'ence;  and  I 
would  advise  that  this  incident  be  a  lesson  to 
the  School  Board  to  adopt  some  rigid  rules 
which  would  make  it  a  misdemeanor  for  like 
poetry  or  references  to  again  be  wi-itten  in 
school  books  or  elsewhere,  where  the  eyes  of 
the  public  will  come  in  contact  with  that  class 
of  literature. 

Most   respectfully   submitted, 

MILTON  F.  WILLIAMS. 

813  Montgomery  St.,  Business  Office.  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  U.  S.  A. 


St.  Louis,  October  7,  1919. 

Mr.  William  H.  Danforth,  Pres. 
Ralston  Purina  Co., 

821  S.  Eighth  St.,  City. 

My  Dear  :\Ir.  Danforth:— 

SUBJECT:    ALFALFA  GRINDER 

Commencing  Sept.  20th,  1904,  our  company 
shipped  to  your  East  St.  Louis  experimental 
plant  an  alfalfa  grinder  called  No.  2XX.  You 
experimented  with  this  grinder  for  several 
months,  and  finally  we  accepted  it  back  from 
your  company,  without  any  remuneration  or 
charge  for  its  service,  which  we  thought  at  the 
time  was  an  unusually  liberal  proposition,  and 
we  believe  that  your  Mr.  Danforth  will  have  to 
admit  that  it. was  a  liberal  proposition. 

SUBSEQUENT  BUSINESS 

Subse(|uent  business  has  been  transacted  be- 
tween us  from  year  to  year,  and  fi'om  that  time 
until  a  few  months  ago. 

GRINDERS    FOR    FORT    WORTH    PLANT 

We  furnished  you  grinders  for  your  Fort 
Woith  plant,  in  which  you  had  an  accident — 
just  about  at  the  time  of  starting  up  this  acci- 
dent occui'i'ed.  Your  Mr.  Noxon  was  either  in 
Fort  Woi'th  at  this  time  or  may  have  gone  to 
Fort  Worth,  but  rather  we  believe  that  he  was 
in  Fort  Worth  when  the  accident  occurred. 
The  sum  and  substance  of  the  accident  was 
that  the  motor  broke  from  its  foundation — 
either  the  bolts  holding  said  motor  gave  way 
or  became  loosened — and  in  the  motor  remov- 
ing from  its  foundation  the  c.ylinder  of  the  hay 
grinder  was  forced  out  of  its  bearings,  and 
both  the  motor  and  the  hay  grinder  were  very 
bad].y  wrecked. 

I  think  while  Mr.  Noxon  was  in  Foi't  Worth, 
he  talked  over  the  long-distance  phone  to  our 
Mr.  A.  F.  Williams,  and  wanted  a  representa- 
tive of  our  company  to  go  to  Fort  Worth  and 
look  at  the  condition.     Mr.  Davidson's  report 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


states  that  the  motor  gave  way  first  on  ac- 
count of  the  weakness  of  either  the  bolting  to 
the  foundation  or  of  the  legs  or  feet  of  the  mo- 
tor; and  in  the  gyrations  of  the  motor  the  hay 
grinder  was  also  wrecked. 

PARTS   SHIPPED   l^ACK 

The  hay  grinder,  or  parts,  were  shipped  back 
to  us  to  repair.  We  repaired  same  and  after 
same  were  repaired  and  returned  to  your  Fort 
Worth  plant,  we  rendered  a  bill  to  your  com- 
pany, which  bill  is  dated  August  26,  1918; 
amount  of  said  bill,  $1707.85.  Also  we  ren- 
dered a  bill  for  our  Mr.  Davidson's  trip,  $77.92, 
to  Fort  Worth  and  expenses — total,  $1785.57. 
And  why  did  we  render  this  bill?  For  the  rea- 
son that  Mr.  Davidson's  report,  after  having 
visited  the  plant  at  your  re(|uest — a  num  who 
has  been  in  this  same  class  of  woi'k  for  18 
years,  or  had  at  that  time  (as  lie  is  n^)w  oar 
Manager) — said  report  stated  that  he  did  not 
feel  or  see  that  we  were  in  any  way  to  blame 
for  the  wreck  or  the  smash-up.  Mr.  Davidson's 
conclusions  were  that  the  motor  gave  way  first 
and  in  so  doing  bent  the  shaft  of  the  Williams 
firindcr,  and  the  momentum  of  same  caused  it 
to  fly  out  of  its  laearings. 

We  have  on  several  occasions  rendered  you 
bills,  and  written  conciliatory  letters  regard- 
ing this  settlement.  Your  company  claiming 
that  it  is  not  i-esponsible  for  the  1)111  incurred 
in  repairing  the  grinder  (however,  we  are  to 
blame  for  not  having  the  matter  understood  at 
the  time  before  the  repairs  were  made),  but 
our  dealings  for  nearly,  if  not  (|uite  fifteen  years 
have  been  of  the  most  pleasant  nature,  and  we 
did  not  anticipate  that  there  would  be  any  dis- 
pute about  the  settlement  of  the  account,  and 
for  that  reason  alone  we  did  not  suspect  that 
thei'e  would  be  a  dispute. 

SETTLEMENT 

Should  this  account  be  taken  to  court  for  a 
settlement,  all  the  Judges  in  Christendom,  all 
the  expert  mechanics,  couldn't  possibly  decide 
^vhat  caused  tlie  wi'eek. 


OVER  6,000  GRINDERS  IN  DAILY 
OPERATION 

We  have  been  in  this  class  of  manufacturing, 
and  now  just  rounding  out  our  23rd  year,  have 
had  some  experience  with  a  few  accidents  with 
our  crushers  and  grinders,  but  fortunately  we 
have  never  heard  of  any  one  being  hurt  se- 
riously— and  this  is  the  best  part  about  tlie 
accident  at  Fort  Worth. 

CEASED  CALLING  FOR  REPAIRS 

Furthei-more,  your  company  have  ceased  call- 
ing upon  us  for  any  repairs  for  the  grinders  in 
the  way  of  hammers  or  beaters,  which  of  course 
you  have  the  right  to  do  ordinarily,  but  your 
comiKiiiy  ])robably  does  not  know  that  some  of 
the  pai-ts  wliich  you  are  having  made  elsewhere 
are  patented  articles,  separate  and  distinct 
from  iiur  gilnder.  We  have  recently  learned 
that  you  have  had  some  of  these  tools  made  at 
a  plant  on  or  about  Thirteenth  and  Chestnut 
sti'cets,  called  the  Laclede  Iron  Works.  While 
we  do  not  Ihink  for  one  moment  that  either 
your  comi);niy  or  the  Laclede  Iron  Works 
would  manufacture  and  furnish  these  tools  to 
your  company  knowing  that  they  were  patent- 
ed ai'ticles.  We  have  had  the  tools  examined 
l\v  an  exi)ei-t  i)atcnt  attorney.  Fi-om  a  thor- 
ough explanation  of  what  they  are  like,  and  a 
sketch  01'  template  made  from  same  on  paper 
and  pi'esented  to  our  attorney,  he  writes  us  a 
letter  to  the  effect  that  undoubtedly  said  tools 
ai-e  a  direct  infringement  upon  one  of  our  pat- 
ents. 

Gentlemen,  we  would  hesitate  a  long  time, 
and  we  have  hesitated  foi'  more  than  a  year, 
hoping  that  >-on  would  finally  settle  the  ac- 
count by  the  force  only  of  moral  suasion,  as  we 
do  not  go  into  court  unless  we  are  absolutely 
compelled  to. 

ACCOUNT  IN  DISPUTE 

While  the  account  in  dispute,  being  less  than 
$2,000.00,  will  neither  make  nor  break  either 
company — we  mean  either  the  Ralston  Purina 
Co.,  noi'  the  Williams  Patent  Cru.sher  and  P"d- 


LETTER  TO  A.  L.  SHAPLEIGH 


verizer  Co. — but  all  business  concerns  have  a 
pride  in  maintaining  their  rights ;  and  our  com- 
pany, we  most  frankly  state,  would  rather  for- 
feit the  disputed  account  than  to  enter  into 
legal  proceedings  with  the  Ralston  Purina 
Company.  We  do  not  believe  that  this  matter 
has  been  brought  to  the  attention  of  Mr.  Wil- 
liam H.  Danforth,  and  we  further  believe  that 
aftei'  the  pros  and  cons  have  been  gone  over, 
between  Mr.  William  H.  Danforth  and  ]\Iiltou 
F.  Williams,  respective  Presidents  of  each  cor- 
poration, that  an  amicable  settlement  can  be 
arrived  at^  and  that  also  all  matters  or  feeling 
in  dispute  can  be  waived,  and  that  a  flag  of 
truce  can  be  patched  up  without  going  across 
the  water  to  France. 

When  Mr.  William  H.  Danforth  lias  tlu^  time, 
or  at  a  suitable  time  to  us  both,  I  would  be 
be  pleased  to  have  us  get  together  upon  the 
subject  and  see  if  we  cannot  settle  same  amica- 
bly by  pouring  a  little  oil  upon  the  troubled 
wateis  hy  the  two  heads  of  departments — 
therefore, 

]M(ist  i-espcetfully  submitted, 

WILLIA.MS  PATENT  CRUSHER  AND  PUL- 
VERIZER COMPANY, 

]\nit(>n  F.  Williams,  President. 


October  n.  1919. 

A.  L.  Shapleigh, 

Care  Shnpleigii  Hardware  Co., 
City. 

Dear  Sii-: — 

In  re])ly  to  yours  of  the  8th,  asking  that  1 
attend  one  of  tlie  seven  meetings,  and  the  last 
being  Friday,  Oct.  17th,  and  the  first  being 
Wednesday,  Oct.  8th — that  you  are  addressing 
me  a'i  one  bu.siness  man  should  address  an- 
other, where  all  things  should  be  e(iual,  and  for 
one  general  purpose  and  for  the  advancement 
and  l)e1terment  of  oui'  citv.     I  often  think  and 


wonder  as  I  look  back  over  the  vicissitudes  of 
ray  past  life,  for  I  soon  will  have  rounded  out 
my  46th  year  in  this  city  of  St.  Louis,  having 
come  here  as  an  artisan,  and  having  toted  my 
tool-box  and  my  dinner  bucket  from  place  to 
place  in  the  city,  while  acting  in  the  capacity 
of  a  meek  and  lowly  millwright.  If  the  Lord 
spares  my  life,  on  the  13th  of  this  month  I  will 
have  reached  my  73rd  mile-post. 

Few  men  (if  any)  by  borrowing  .$1,000.00 
only  could  have  built  up  a  business  such  as  I 
have  built,  with  the  assistance  of  my  three 
sons,  one  of  whom  is  finishing  his  19th  year  in 
Chicago,  another  his  10th  .year  in  San  Fran- 
cisco and  the  third  hii  40th  year  in  St.  Louis. 

We  have  taken  that  A\hich  was  considered 
nothing,  absolutely  nothing,  that  which  was 
common  property,  and  yet  we  did  not  know  it, 
and  I  have  now  taken  out  over  260  patents 
supporting  and  putting  a  foundation  under 
that  which  was  common  property,  and  yet  the 
world  didn't  know  it;  and  when  1  jiass  beyond 
the  Great  Divide,  where  the  shaking  of  hands 
across  the  bloody  chasm  may  or  may  not  be 
possible,  I  will  have  left  to  the  world  a  me- 
chanical principle  more  useful  than  any  other 
in  a  crushing  and  pulvei-izing  capacity,  and  one 
which  will  be  used  a  million  years  hence — one 
which  is  the  maximum  of  power. 

And  yet  the  glad  tidings  from  my  own  month 
have  nevei'  been  shouted  fi'om  the  housetops — 
only  in  the  foiMu  of  printoi''s  ink.  I  call  my- 
self a  natui'al  advei'tiser.  I  am  not  a  politician. 
There  is  not  a  drop  of  political  blood  in  my 
veins.  My  motives  have  all  been  one  of  a 
selfish  nature,  and  those  to  devote  my  interests 
to  the  Williams  family. 

1  was  born  of  humble  jiai'cnts  in  the  good 
old  state  of  Ohio,  and  of  the  plain  Quaker 
kind.  I  have  nevei-  sought  the  limelight  as 
lieing  a  publie-spiiited  num,  for  I  have  never 
considered  myself  such.  And  while  I  say  my 
motives  have  been  of  a  selfish  nature,  I  have 
evaded  politics  or  public  meetings  for  one  rea- 
son alone.  I  can  write  essays  or  dictate  them 
until  Kingdom  come ;  but  to  get  up  in  public 
and  make  a   speech — I  am  not   gifted  in  that 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


line.  Sorry  that  I  am  not.  If  I  were,  it  would 
oft  times  be  a  pleasure.  I  could  rise  in  an  audi- 
ence, even  of  thousands  of  people,  and  read  an 
essay  or  read  a  speech ;  but  to  rise  and  make 
either,  or  attempt  either — my  tongue  would 
cleave  to  my  mouth,  and  my  oratorical  senses 
would  be  deadened  to  the  extent  that  I  would 
simply  make  a  fool  of  myself.  I  would  become 
embarrassed,  and  my  knees  would  knock  to- 
gether like  the  leaves  upon  an  aspen  tree.  I 
spend  my  days,  weeks  and  months,  and  also 
years,  in  my  office,  haAang  almost  now  rounded 
out  my  46th  year  in  St.  Louis. 

It  is  not  the  general  way  of  men  who  have 
attained  the  pinnacle  of  fame  to  the  extent  of 
being  called  a  president  of  a  corporation. 

There  is  more  than  one  reason  why  I  do  not 
attend  public  meetings.  One  is  that  I  am  quite 
deaf,  and  though  I  have  tried  several  appli- 
ances to  assist  in  the  hearing,  they  do  not  seem 
to  benefit  me.  Neither  myself  nor  my  sons  be- 
ing gifted  with  oily  tongues  and  oratorical 
propensities,  we  have  just  got  sense  enough  to 
know  our  place,  and  that  is  in  strictly  attend- 
ing to  our  own  business,  in  our  offices.  That  is 
quite  selfish,  I'll  admit.  Ever  since  the  time 
that  I  boarded  upon  Sixth  and  Market  streets 
and  carried  my  dinner  bucket  I  have  often 
wondered  and  often  thought  how  little  has 
M.  F.  Williams  -done  for  itJie  .public,  how  little 
has  he  accomplished  toward  public  spiritedness 
in  building  the  city  of  St.  Louis. 

Thei'O  are  150  users  of  Williams  grinders  on 
both  sides  of  the  I'iver  at  St.  Loiiis. 

While  our  product  is  known  in  many  coun- 
tries throughout  the  world,  our  public  spirit- 
edness is  now  known  at  home.  It's  true,  We 
have  been  loyal  to  the  good  old  U.  S.  A. ;  it  is 
likewise  true  that  in  buying  Liberty  Bonds, 
Thrift  Stamps,  and  paying  excess  profits  since 
1917  the  Williams  family,  the  Williams  em- 
ployees and  the  Williams  Company  have  paid 
to  the  Government  over  $350,000.00,  some  of 
which  is  an  investment,  and  the  remainder  is 
paying  taxes  of  various  kinds. 


A  man  has  scarcely  a  right  to  belong  to  any 
organization  unless  he  helps  to  support  it  in  a 
public-spirited  way.  We  thought  we  would 
compensate  by  paying  the  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce a  double  fee,  which  we  did:  that  of 
$100.00,  instead  of  $50.00.  I  consider  $50.00 
very  reasonable. 

You  will  say.  Mi'.  Shapleigh,  that  too  much 
of  a  good  thing  becomes  irksome,  and  that  the 
busy  grind  is  wearing,  while  I  hold  the  con- 
trary. I  do  not  play  golf,  I  do  not  play  any 
kind  of  games,  I  do  not  drink,  chew  or  smoke; 
luit  I  do  get  as  much  happiness  out  of  the  busy 
grind  as  any  Inisinoss  man  in  the  city  of  St. 
Louis. 

T  have  my  hobbies  and  I  ride  them.  One  is  a 
genealogy  of  our  family,  interspersed  with  his- 
torical facts  of  many  interesting  subjects,  a 
few  sketches  of  the  early  history  of  the  city  of 
St.  Louis.  If  you  were  to  read  my  production, 
not  of  ethics,  but  of  facts,  happenings,  and  the 
English  langiiage,  j'cu  would  have  to  acknowl- 
edge Milton  the  philosopher,  as  well  as  Milton 
the  poet.  My  historical  book  will  be  embel- 
lished with  over  300  engravings.  I  am  also 
compiling  a  book  of  poems,  and  I  am  the  author 
of  but  very  few.  I  did  not  start  out  to  write 
my  life's  history,  Init  I  am  trying  to  justify 
the  cause  of  the  Williamscs,  why  they  are  not 
politicians,  why  they  are  not  orators,  why  they 
do  not  love  to  get  into  the  limelight. 

Oivitorically  we  have  hidden  our  lights  under 
a  bushel,  but  in  a  business  way  we  have  not. 

If  in  these  few  words  I  have  properly  ex- 
plained and  justified  the  reasons  why  we  do 
not  attend  public  meetings,  T  hope  that  you  will 
accept  the  word  for  the  deed,  and  I  therefore, 

]Most  respectfully  subscribe, 

WILLIAMS  PATENT  CRUSHER  AND  PUL- 
VERIZER COMPANY, 

Milton  F.  Williams,  President. 


now  TO  AVOID  BELT  SLIPPAGE 


St.  Louis,  December  31,  1919. 

F.  L.  Smith  &  Co.,  Engineers, 
50  Church  Street,  New  York. 

Gentlemen : —  ' 

Yesterday  my  son,  A.  F.  Williams,  of  whom 
you  know,  called  my  attention  to  a  ball-bearing 
iron  frame  belt  tightener  in  your  catalogue. 

I,  being  an  old  millwright,  one  of  the  kind 
who  learned  a  trade  when  we  went  into  the 
woods,  chopped  down  trees,  made  our  own  wa- 
ter wheels  of  wood,  our  own  master  wheels  of 
wood,  our  own  bevel  and  mortise  wheels  of 
wood,  our  own  pin  gearing  of  wood,  way  back 
in  the  early  days  and  in  primitive  times — was 
interested. 

I  find  in  our  drafting  room  we  have  one  of 
your  catalogues  showing  the  belt  tightener.  I 
have  always  been  avei-se  to  belt  tighteners. 
There  are  times  and  places,  though,  where  a 
belt  tightener  can  be  used  to  good  advantage. 
Wherever  a  belt  tightenei'  can  be  avoided,  the 
machine  or  machines  to  ho  driven  can  be  di'iven 
with  less  power  and  in  a  better  manner  than 
with  a  belt  tightener. 

We  have  recently  designed  a  pulley  which  is 
a  great  impi'ovement  over  and  above  our  non- 
pneumatic  pulley  with  annular  grooves.  You 
have  seen  these  pulleys  in  cement  plants,  many 
of  them,  and  we  thought  they  woie  attaining 
efficiency. 

We  are  satisfied  today,  since  making  addi- 
tional experiments,  that  they  are  really  not  in 
it  with  our  cross-grooved  pulleys.  Our  cross- 
grooved  pulleys,  which  are  shown  in  the  testi- 
monial lettei's  as  per  Cut  No.  972,  are  as  far 
ahead  of  our  annularly  grooved  and  drilled 
pulleys  as  day  is  ahead  of  night.  There  are 
numerous  kinds  of  pulley  coverings,  made  of 
paper  and  made  of  cotton  cloth  and  even  rub- 
ber, sometimes,  which  gi'eat  elainis  are  made 
for. 

The  writer  has  been  studying  belt  slijipage 
for  23  years,  ever  since  we  fii-st  got  out  the 
hammei-,   crusher   and   pulverizer,    and   has   at 


last  struck  the  keynote  of  efficiency  by  our 
cross-grooved  pulley,  which  we  are  patenting. 
When  the  observer  first  sees  this  pulley,  his 
first  thought  may  be  that  it  will  cut  a  belt  all 
to  pieces,  but  the  facts  are  it  will  not.  What- 
ever we  say  in  our  bulletin,  whatever  claims 
we  make,  they  are  based  on  actual  scientific 
tests,  and  our  greatest  claim  is  that  our  cross- 
groove  pulley  is  100%  more  efficient  than  a 
plain,  crown-faced  cast  iron  pulley. 

JNIost  anyone  will  say  impossible,  impossible 
— that  this  assertion  cannot  be  borne  out  by 
actual  facts.  We  say  that  it  can.  The  testi- 
monials enclosed  also  say  that  it  can. 

The  proper  man  to  give  testimonj-  is  the 
close  observer  who  is  nuinaging  the  operation 
of  any  kind  of  a  crusher  or  grinder.  He  is  the 
man  who  knows  best,  and  he  is  the  man  to  be 
depended  upon  foi-  actual  knowledge. 

Again  we  will  state  that  the  belt  tightener 
may  become  necessary  in  places,  and  is  neces- 
sary in  places,  but  the  belt  tightener,  gener- 
ally speaking,  is  an  abomination,  and  is  to  be 
avoided  wherever  possible. 

Anyone  who  has  not  made  a  study  of  belt 
slippage  wouldn't  begin  to  believe  the  follow- 
ing :  Do  you  know,  or  does  anyone  else  know, 
what  amount  of  money  is  lost  per  year,  power 
expended  to  no  purpose,  coal  burned  to  no  pur- 
pose, in  the  times  of  the  H.  C.  L.,  by  belt  slip- 
page? When  a  belt  slips  it  wears  out  and  loses 
money  for  the  operator.  When  a  crusher  or 
grinder  oi'  any  kind  of  a  machine  operating  and 
doing  woi'k  has  a  belt  which  is  slipping  it  is 
both  Avearing  out  the  belt  and  losing  money  for 
the  boss,  company  or  corporation. 

HOW  TO  AVOID  P,ELT  SLIPPAGE 

When  a  belt  travels  500  feet  per  minute  and 
over,  upon  a  common  pulley,  it  slips.  Upon  a 
common  pulley,  covered  with  leather,  it  slips 
a  little  less.  Upon  a  paper  pulley  it  slips  still 
less.  Upon  an  iron  or  wood  pulley  having  an- 
nular grooves  with  holes  drilled  in  same,  it 
slips  still  less.  If  you  use  Chas.  Schieren's  per- 
forated belt  you  have  eliminated  some  of  the 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


slippage.     If  you  use  his  leather  link  helt  you 
have  eliminated  some  of  the  slippage. 

If  you  us?  a  pulley  covered  with  paper  or 
cotton  cloth,  you  eliminate  some  of  the  slip- 
page. But  how  can  we  eliminate  all  the  slip- 
page? Whether  it  be  a  short  distance  between 
shaft  centers,  or  whether  it  be  a  long  distance 
between  shaft  centers,  upon  a  common  smooth- 
faced pulley,  there  is  slippage. 

My  great-grandfather  was  a  millwright  and 
millman.  My  grandfather  was  a  millwright 
and  millman.  My  father  was  a  millwright  and 
milhnan.  1  myself  have  been  a  millwright  and 
millman,  ])ut  now  in  my  74th  year  I  am  a  man- 
ufacturer in  a  small  way  of  crushers  and  pul- 
verizers— the  father  and  inventor  of  the  hinged 
hammer  type,  and  the  first  one  in  the  world  I 
have  procured  and  have  in  my  archives.  How 
to  eliminate  belt  slippage?  How  to  get  rid  of 
air  cushion?  Just  as  easy  as  '■I'olling  off  a 
log.'  It's  done  "The  Williams  Way,"  and  if 
you  have  an  engineer  passing  through  our 
Fairy  City  at  any  time,  have  him  stop;  and  we 
are  from  Missouri,  not  primarily  but  second- 
arily, we  are  here  to  show. 

The  two  testimonials  enclosed  from  users  are 
the  only  two  lieing  tried  out  up  to  date. 

We  have  shipped  a  few  others,  and  in  every 
case  there  is  but  one  verdict  for  the  user,  and 
that  is  no  slippage,  non-slip— hold  tight,  won't 
wear  the  helt,  as  it  would  with  the  helt  slipping. 

Suppose,  gentlemen,  in  a  plant  which  you 
or  any  other  person  is  operating,  that  your 
belt  slips  1,000  feet  per  day  of  24  hours,  and 
you  i-un  300  days  in  a  year,  and  you  slip  300,000 
feet  per  year  or  56  miles  per  year.  How  much 
have  you  slipped?  The  answer — a  little  over 
56  miles  in  one  year. 

If  every  high-speeded  belt  slips  56  miles  in 
one  year,  how  much  money  has  the  boss  lost? 
Or  how  much  more  would  he  have  gained  had 
his  belts  not  have  slipped? 

Now,  to  be  reasonable,  on  account  of  his  belt 
slipping  he  has  lost  money  to  pay  a  bonus  to 


each  operative.  He  has  lost  mojiey  which 
would  have  paid  the  interest  on  his  investment 
and  his  taxes.  Is  that  item  worth  while?  Well, 
I  should  say  YES. 

He  has  lost  money  enough  to  become  notice- 
able in  the  world,  which  all  goes  to  overhead. 
Oh,  efficiency  thou  art  a  jewel.  •  Everyone  is 
talking  efficiency.  Smart  engineers  want  to 
come  into  your  plant  and  tell  you  how  to  save 
money,  while  we  are  telling  you  right  off  the 
reel  to  save  money  when  you  start  your  plant, 
and  stop  belt  slippage. 

This  can  all  be  estimated.  We  have  one  of 
these  pulleys  in  our  testing  plant,  which  belt  is 
running  7,700  feet  per  minute.  Hold  a  lighted 
candle  all  around  the  periphery  where  the  belt 
contact  is,  and  the  air  cushion  under  the  belt 
and  forcing  air  into  the  grooves,  will  blow  out 
a  candle  at  any  point  under  the  belt. 

Tliis,  gentlemen,  we  call  Chapter  No.  1,  and 
we  ho]ie  this  letter  will  get  into  the  proper 
hands  and  be  answered.  If  it  does  not,  we  will 
go  after  you  again,  and  again,  and  again,  until 
we  get  your  ear. 

Wishing  you  the  compliments  of  the  season. 
Thanking  you  for  past  favors,  and  while  we 
connncnd  you  for  your  mechanical  ball-bearing 
tightener  pulleys,  a  tightener  is  doing  it  at  the 
expense  of  power,  while  the  never-slip  pulley 
is  helping  you  create  power. 

We  have  a  phenomenon  in  our  testing  plant. 
Would  you  believe  it?  The  grinder  running  at 
4,700  R,  P.  M.,  I'uiniing  empty  with  this  pulley, 
runs  almost  4,900  R.  P.  M.  by  speed  indicator. 
Instead  of  running  less  than  the  figures  4,700, 
it  gains  in  speed  from  150  to  300.  Is  this  not 
a  phenomenon  in  belt  drive  If  it  is  not,  what 
would  you  call  it? 

Yours  very  truly, 

WILLIAMS  PATENT  CRUSHER  AND  PUL- 
VERIZER COMPANY. 

Milton  F.  Williams,  Presidenii 


JOHN  J.  INGALLS  ON  GRASS 


John  J.  Iiigalls,  the  brightest  statesman  Kan- 
sas ever  produced,  has  the  following  to  say 
about  GRASS: 

"Hay"  There!    What  Is  Grass? 

GRASS 

Grass  is  the  forgiveness  of  nature :  her  con- 
stant benediction.  Fields,  trampled  with  bat- 
tle, saturated  with  blood,  torn  with  the  ruts  of 
cannon,  grow  green  again  with  grass,  and  car- 
nage is  forgotten.  Streets,  abandoned  by  traf- 
fic, become  grass  grown  like  rural  lanes,  and 
are  obliterated.  Forests  decay,  harvests  per- 
ish, tlowers  vanish,  but  grass  is  immortal.  Be- 
leaguered by  the  sullen  hosts  of  winter,  it  with- 
draws into  the  impregnable  forti-ess  of  its  sub- 
tei-ranean  vitality,  and  emerges  upon  the  first 
solicitation  of  spi-ing. 


Sown   liy    the 
propagated   liy  t 


^ubtl 


elements  which  are  its  ministers  a 
it  softens  the  I'ude  oiitline  of  tlic 
tenacious  fibres  hold  the  earth  ii 
prevent  its  soluble  components  ft' 
into  the  wasting  sea. 


villi;'  l)ii-(ls, 
UlT  nf  tlie 
d  servants, 
world.  Its 
place,  and 
m   washing 


It  invades  the  solitude  of  deserts,  climbs  the 
inaccessible  slopes  and  foi-hidden  pinnacles  of 
mountains,  modifies  climates  and  determines 
the  history,  character,  and  destin,v  of  nations. 
"Unobtrusive  and  patient,  it  has  immortal  vigor 
and  aggression.  Banished  from  the  thorough- 
fares and  field,  it  abides  its  time  to  I'eturn  and 
when  vigilance  is  relaxed,  or  the  dynasty  has 
perished,  it  silently  resumes  the  throne  from 
which  it  has  been  expelled,  but  which  it  never 
abdicates.  It  bears  no  blazonry  of  bloom  to 
charm  the  senses  with  fragrance  or  splendor, 
but  its  homely  hue  is  more  enchanting  than  the 
lily  or  the  rose.  It  yields  no  fruit  in  earth  or 
air,  and  yet,  should  its  harvest  fail  a  single 
year,  famine  would  depopulate  the  woi-ld. 

JOHN  J.  INGALLS. 


A   TRIBUTE    FROM    ONE    MILTON    TO 
ANOTHER 

Dear  Father  Williams: — 

This  will  reply  to  your  several  letters  which 
I  have  only  partially  answered,  owing  to  in- 
compatibility of  environment. 


Not 
West 
Ohio. 


'  that  you  are  familiar  with  the  hills  of 
Virginia,    Western     Pennsylvania     and 


How  dear  to  my  recollection  is  the  memory 
of  those  hills,  rock-ribbed  and  ancient  as  the 
sun.  How  like  a  great  stream  at  floodtide,  my 
emotions  swelled  within  me  as  I  climbed  to 
their  dizzy  heights  and  gazed  far  out  over  the 
vast  expanse  over  the  Ohio  side  and  toward 
the  setting  sun,  or  stood  transfixed,  as  the  sun, 
like  a  golden  goblet,  sank  into  the  sea,  and  the 
stars,  one  by  one,  appeared  above  me. 

Plow  vast  were  the  plans  as  I  sat,  hour  after 
hour,  that  I  made  for  the  future  as  it  all  rolled 
in  one  vast  pageant  before  my  vision. 

To  how  litt 


account  I  have  tui'ned  it  all. 


HoAV  wonderful  a  being  is  man  when  viewed 
in  the  light  of  his  achievements  and  to  how  lit- 
tle account  he  tumeth  them. 

But  the  same  stoi'v  is  to  a  greater  or  less  ex- 
tent true  of  us  all.  We  but  catch  at  the  skirts 
of  the  things  we  would  be,  and  fall  back  on  the 
lap  of  a  false  destiny. 

Stai'  gazing  was  always  in  my  line.  I  shot  at 
the  stars,  and  if  I  am  never  to  hit  them,  ni.y 
aim,  at  least,  was  right.  The  vision  still  lives, 
and  will   ever  live. 

Some  day  I  hope  that  we  may  have  the  time 
and  the  opportunity  to  visit  this  country  to- 
gether. I  have  always  wanted  to  get  better 
ac(|uainted  with  this  side  of  .your  nature. 

When  I  was  at  youi-  home  I  formed  many 
and  strong  resolutions  of  rising  early  and  ac- 
companying you  on  your  walks;  but  procras- 
tination, which  is  the  thief  of  time,  always 
robbed  me  of  the  right. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


When  I  arose  Ijefore  you,  as  I  frequently  did, 
I  spout  all  the  time  that  you  were  drinking  in 
the  fresh  morning  air  in  arranging  my  toilet, 
for  I  was  then  my  oAvn  barber,  my  shoe-shine 
boy  and  manicure  girl  all  in  one;  thus  chill 
penury  repressed  my  noble  rage,  and  froze  the 
genial  current  of  my  soul. 

Still,  there  is  the  hope  that  springs  eternal 
in  the  hearts  of  men.  that  tomoi-row  will  sup- 
ply the  deficiencies  of  today,  old  age  perform 
the  promises  of  youth,  and  all  our  ships  sail 
saf(>ly  hoiii,>  from  the  sea.  Ah,  well,  the  harbor 
would  not  hold  so  many  sails  as  there  would  be 
if  all  our  ships  came  home  from  sea,  so  since 
some  must  be  lost,  must  never  more  come  sail- 
ing- back— lose  any,  all  I  have  at  sea,!but  bring 
my  love-ship  back  to  me. 

The  love  that  is  universal,  that  makes  every 
man  your  Ijrother,  and  every  woman  your 
mother,  wife,  daughter,  sweethearts  all. 

I  feel  l:)etter  today.  I  have  somewhat-  recu- 
perated from  a  task  that  taxed  my  physical 
powei'S  to  endure.  The  sun  is  shining  brightly 
too  today,  and  it  always  loses  some  of  its  glad- 
ness on  me. 

I  trust  that  you  ai'e  still  improving  and  that 
when  I  return  this  time  I  will  hud  you  in  the 
same  robust  health  that  you  were  in  the  day 
after  I  came  from  Rapid  City. 

Yon  had  the  pep  to  you  that  day  that  bespoke 
the  war-hoss  you  had  been  in  former  days. 

Give  my  regards  to  inipiiring  friends,  if  any 
such  there  be. 

Yours  very  sincerely, 

MILTON  L.  HICKMAN. 


A  ilODERN  JANUS 

Referring  to  the  letter  dedicated  to  and  en- 
titled -'Dear  Fathei'  Williams."  Who  was  Mil- 
ton L.  Hickman?  Milton  L.  Hickman  was  born 
in  old  Virginia,  worked  in  a  dry  goods  store 
about  his  first  work,  according  to  his  version. 


He  finally  drifted  to  Rapid  City,  S.  D.,  and 
while  there  he  merged  into  the  manufacture  of 
mineral  polish,  and  used  one  of  our  small  grind- 
ers for  powdering  this  polish.  It  Avas  by  this 
means  that  we  made  his  acquaintance,  through 
correspondence. 

One  day  in  the  fall  and  month  of  October, 
1915,  Milton  L.  Hickman  walked  into  my  of- 
fice, after  first  presenting  himself  by  a  piece  of 
pasteboard  to  our  telephone  exchange  girl ;  she 
brought  me  the  card.  I  told  her  to  waltz  him 
in.  He  came,  and  after  casual  conversation, 
he  stated  that  he  had  invented  a  dust  separat- 
ing process  in  connection  with  our  grinder  and 
that  it  was  a  wonder.  I  being  very  much  in- 
terested in  the  sub.ject,  had  him  explain  Avhat 
he  had  to  show.  1  then  turned  him  over  to 
Mr.  II.  M.  Plaisted,  editor  of  this  book,  and  in 
less  than  24  hours'  tiuu^  Mr.  Plaisted  had  pre- 
sented me  with  a  drawing  of  Hickman's  heli- 
coidal  separator.  Shortly  after  that  time  we 
built  one,  tried  it  out  in  our  testing-  plant,  and 
the  Avork  done  by  it  Avas  simply  marvelous  to  a 
certain  extent ;  Init  I  remarked  to  him  that  it 
Avould  Avork  all  right  in  homeopathic  doses,  but 
when  it  came  to  Avoi'k  upon  large  quantities  of 
goods  I  feared  that  it  Avould  be  found  de- 
ficient. 

]\Iilt(Ui  L.  llicknum,  not  being  possessed  of 
large  quantities  of  the  AvorkVs  lucre,  and  his 
exchccjuer  being  marked  by  its  homeopathic 
size,  I  iuAdted  him  to  our  home.  While  at  our 
home,  fortunately  he  showed  the  other  side  of 
hi-i  nature.  We  found  that  he  was  not  a  uuin 
to  bear  acquaintance.  We  found  that  at  times 
he  became  disagreeable.  During  this  time,  hoAV- 
ever,  Ave  had  begvm  to  build  and  install  his,  as 
Ave  thought,  ingenious  devices,  until  our  com- 
pany had  spent  about  $28,000.00. 

We  install(>d  a  nundier  of  plants  in  N(>w 
York  State,  in  old  Virginia,  in  West  Virginia, 
in  Kansas,  in  Missouri,  also  in  Georgia, — and 
each  and  every  plant  Avas  a  disappointment  ex- 
cept one  in  the  State  of  New  York:  and  that 
being  the  first,  Ave  received  our  nuiney  inside 
of  .30  days  for  this  plant,  Avhieh  Avas  that  of 
grinding  and  separating  brimstone:  and  that's 


DAVID    AND    GOLIATH 


the  only  plant  which  we  installed  that  AVe  did 
not  have  to  take  the  separatoi'  ))aok  and  poeket 
the  loss. 

The  letter  above  shows  the  l)e;;t  side  of  his 
nature,  shows  his  eloquent  tendencies,  and  in 
due  course  of  time,  after  he  was  owing  our 
company  $3,000.00,  he  went  back  to  Rapid 
City,  from  whence  he  came,  and  shortly  after 
that  time  (poor  man,  peace  to  his  ashes),  he 
died  in  an  insane  asylum. 


DAVID  AND  GOLIATH 

A  symbolic  picture — an  imaginary  picture — 
from  which  we  hope  to  desci'ibe  and  depict  the 


the  kings  or  rulers  of  the  world,  I  am  the  great 
I  AM." 

Goliath,  who  is  prostrate  upon  the  ground, 
has  been  felled  by  the  slingshot  of  David,  the 
diminutive  man.  David  in  stature  is  the  insig- 
nificant, diminutive  man,  and  when  Golii'th 
confronted  him  he  saitl  to  David  :"  Wh,\-,  you 
little  insignificant  son-cf-a-gun,  just  one  little 
kick  from  my  foot  and  over  you  will  go ;  I 
could  trample  you  to  the  earth  and  you  would 
never  be  heard  from."  David  in  his  meek  dis- 
position said  unto  himself :  ' '  Well,  Goliath,  you 
wait  and  see  what  I  can  do  with  my  slingshot." 
Picking  up  a  gravel  stone  from  the  field,  he 
hurled  the  stone  witli  all  his  miijbt  into  the 
forehead  of  Golialli,  as  slidwn  ui)()n   tlu'  fore- 


Cut    No.   262.     The   conundrii 


good  (|ualities  and  the  wick( 


of  the 


The  babe  lying  in  swaddling  clothes  indicates 
the  Ijegiuning  of  the  evolution  of  man,  in  his 
helpless  condition.  Tlie  little  lamb  standing 
looking  at  the  babe  indicates  innocence  and  do- 
cility, easiest  of  management,  and  subject  to 
the  l)eek  and  call  of  its  mastei-,  jMan. 

The  lion  upon  tlie  mount  i-oar-ing  is  the  mas- 
ter of  lieasts,  and  represi'uts  unregulated  Pride 
and  Power,  proclaiming  to  the  world:  "I  am 
ma.ster  of  all  I  survey,  I  am  master  cf  mam- 
mals, I  am   master  of  man,  I  am  fvreater  than 


iiead  where  the  stone  stiiick,  and  felled  him 
to  earth — reduced  him  to  mother  earth  fi'om 
whence  he  came.  In  that  position  David  is 
master;  the  small,  diminiitive  nmn  is  master, 
even  of  tbc  lion,  for  lie  c-iii  t,-ike  Goliath's 
sw(,rd,  make  a  dash  at  him,  cut  tlu'  lion,  wound 
him,  and  finally  wear  him  out;  and  since  David 
has  the  power  to  sever  Goliath's  head,  he  has 
efiual  power  by  hi^  sagacity  to  overcome  the 
lion ;  and  David  also  has  the  power  to  cause  the 
lion  and  lamb  to  lie  down  together. 

Therefore,  Man  in  his  greatness  of  mind,  if 
properly  trained,  and  of  the  proper  tempera- 
ment, can  overcome  the  beasts  of  the  forest,  the 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


fishes  of  the  sea,  the  birds  of  the  air,  and  brute 
force,  whatever  its  shape,  and  hence  he  is  mas- 
ter of  the  sitviation.  Inasmuch  as  there  is  a 
chain  of  circumstances  which  surrounds  the 
whole,  and  said  chain  only  has  the  strength 
of  its  weakest  link.  Man  is  master  after  all. 

M.  P.  AVILLIAMS. 


ANALOGY  OF  MAN  PROM  THE  CRADLE 
TO  THE  GRAVE 

The  Babe  in  swaddling  clothes  (helplessness) 

Tlu   Lamb — Innocence 

The  Lion — Jlastery 

Goliath — Boastful  might  leveled  to  earth 

David — Right  overcoming  Might — 

It  is  said:  "Great  oaks  from  little  acorns 
grow,"  and  the  smallest  mustard  seed  con- 
tains a  power  to  burn  the  tongue  and  bring 
tears  to  the  eyes  of  the  Kaiser. 

So  a  babe  in  swaddling  clothes  is  the  essence 
of  power  and  future  greatness  in  the  garb  of 
helplessness,  depending  for  food,  drink,  warmth 
and  care  on  the  never-failing  love  of  his  moth- 
er— even  as  the  acorn  is  hidden  in  the  warm 
bosom  of  .mother  Earth,  is  fed  with  moisture 
from  hidden  springs,  and  is  cherished  till  it 
can  sprout  and  grow  in  time  into  the  mighty 
oak. 

Man  is  the  rulei'  of  the  known  world,  the 
seeker  after  knowledge,  which  is  Power — (he 
investigator  of  things  seen  and  unseen — of 
things  under  the  earth  and  above  the  earth — 
even  in  the  heavens  above — peering  with  far- 
seeing  eyes  of  the  telescope  he  has  made,  into 
the  vast  empty  spaces  of  the  sky,  beyond  the 
North  Star,  where  no  stars  can  be  discerned — 
a  vast,  unmeasurable  void,  into  which  our  sun 
with  its  circling  planets  and  other  heavenly 
bodies  all  appear  to  be  hurrying  to  some  un- 
known goal,  in  some  unknown  time  millions  of 
years  from  our  present  little  span  of  life. 


Man,  by  thought,  cannot  add  one  cubit  to  his 
statui'c,  but  he  can,  and  does,  grow  in  body  and 
mind,  and  he  searches  out  knowledge  that  is 
hidden,  like  sweet  nuts  in  a  hard  shell,  till  the 
helplessness  of  his  babyhood,  the  innocence  of 
the  lamb,  the  mastery  of  the  lion,  the  boastful 
pride  of  Goliath— all  change  to  the  true  cour- 
age of  David,  who  trusts  to  the  God  of  Rleht- 
eousness  and  overcomes  Might  that  knows  no 
Right. 

The  lamb  typifies  "Innocence,"  even  as  the 
babe  outgrows  his  swaddling  clothes  and  in- 
creases in  physical  nature,  but  plays  and  gam- 
l5ols  like  a  lamb  in  the  joy  of  his  innocent  life, 
hurting  no  one,  and  without  pride  or  boastful 
mastery.  A  great  English  painter.  Sir  Joshua 
Reynolds,  has  painted  a  picture  of  a  child  and 
named  it  '"Innocence,"  which  pictiu-e  has  been 
made  known  throughout  the  Avorld  by  many 
printed  copies.  It  shows  a  baby  girl  sitting  on 
the  ground,  with  her  little  bare  feet  peeping 
from  under  her  dress,  and  looking  forward  to 
a  gateway  under  arching  trees.  What  lies 
beyond  this  gateway  into  womanhood — ^or  man- 
hood? Some  people  find  they  grow  into  the 
boaslful  pi'ide  of  Goliath,  some  into  the  rec- 
ognized mastery  of  the  Lion,  and  others  into 
the  courageous  confidence  of  David.  Goliath 
relied  on  his  own  bigness  and  scorned  any  other 
power  than  mere  physical  strength.  The  lion  is 
the  acknowledged  master  of  the  animal  king- 
dom, but  he  has  courage  and  confidence  with- 
out pride.  David  had  courage  and  confidence 
also,  but  he  relied  on  the  help  of  the  unseen 
God  of  Righteousness  whom  Goliath  had  defied. 

How  similar  to  the  above  stated  type  does 
Man  proceed  thi-ough  life  I  Some  stop  in  their 
growth  as  innocent  and  helpless  as  children 
and  lambs — perhaps  they  are  called  home  to 
their  Father's  House,  where  the  "Pure  in  heart 
shall  see  God."  Others  groAV  large  and  mas- 
terful like  the  lion,  and  then  become  puffed  up 
and  boastful  of  themselves,  till  they  are  brought 
low  by  the  power  of  David  and  David's  God. 
The  more  we  know  of  this  world  of  ours,  the 
more  we  fix  our  faith  in  an  overruling  Power, 
Creator  and  God.    The  ancient  Egyptians  were 


BEHOLD,  GOD  IS  MY  SALVATION 


wise  in  the  knowledge  of  planets  and  stars,  and 
their  study  of  Nature  led  them  "from  Nature 
up  to  Nature's  God,"  whom  they  worshiped 
as  the  great  god  Ptha,  the  maker  and  ruler  of 
the  universe.  Even  the  Avisest  of  them,  how- 
ever, were  not  puli'ed  up  with  pride  in  them- 
selves. At  a  great  feast  in  Egypt,  a  yoimg  man 
who  had  been  taught  all  the  knowledge  of 
many  masters,  was  asked  to  tell  the  assembled 
guests  of  the  wonders  of  that  age.  He  told  of 
the  life  and  growth  of  plants,  of  animals,  and 
of  man ;  of  the  achievements  of  man  in  art, 
science  and  literature  cf  the  times;  of  the  heav- 
enly bodies — their  influence  on  the  conduct  of 
man — of  their  oi-igin,  growth  and  decay  to  dead 
uninhabited  woi-ld.i,  graveyai-ds  of  vanished 
forms  of  life.  Hut  when  he  came  to  speak  of 
the  ]Maker  of  these  planets  and  stars, — the 
Euler  who  guided  these  worlds  in  space  so  vast 
as  to  be  inconceivable,  and  caused  them  to  obey 
these  laws  that  man  had  discovered — he  drew 
the  cape  of  his  garment  before  his  face  and 
stood  dumb,  as  before  the  awful  power  and 
sublimity  of  the  Creator. 

A  man  told  me  of  his  aAvakening  to  the  glory 
of  tl'.e  stars  at  night.  He  had  always  been  near- 
sighted, and  only  after  he  grew  to  manhood 
did  he  have  glasses  fitted  to  his  eyes.  When 
he  left  the  optician  that  rveiiiuL;-.  wearing  the 
newly  fitted  glasses,  the  stai's  shone  in  all  their 
brilliancy.  As  he  glanced  upwai-d  and  caught 
sight  of  the  stars,  the  planets  and  the  wonder- 
ful milky  way,  that  he  with  his  myi^pic  eyes 
had  never  seen — he  stopped  still  in  his  tracks 
and  drank  into  his  soul  the  wonderful  spirit 
of  the  heavens,  till  his  feelings  overcame  him 
and  his  eyes  filled  with  tears.  He  had  heaid 
people  speak  of  the  stars,  he  had  dimly  per- 
ceived the  moon,  but  when  the  glory  of  actual 
sight  burst  upon  him  he  realized  as  never  be- 
fore the  feelings  of  David,  the  Psalmist,  when 
he  cried : 

"When  I  behold  the  heavens,  the  work  of 
Thy  fingers,  the  moon  and  the  stars  which  Thou 
has  ordained,  what  is  man  that  Thou  art  mind- 
ful of  him,  and  the  Son  of  man  that  Thou  visit- 
est  him?" 


Some  time,  when  our  eyes  have  been  opened 
and  "our  mortality  has  put  on  immortalit.v, " 
we  shall  also  see  and  iniderstand  what  Paul  the 
great  apostle  meant  when  he  wrote:  "Eye  hath 
not  seen,  nor  ear  heard,  neither  hath  it  en- 
tered into  the  heart  of  man  to  conceive,  the 
things  that  God  hath  prepared  for  those  who 
love  him." 

In  the  upward  growth  of  mankind  through 
the  ages  of  savage  and  civilized  man,  the  spirit 
within  also  has  changed  from  "the  looking 
forAvai-d  of  a  race,  before  it  had  a  past  to 
make  it  look  behind."  It  will  change  from 
v.-ar's  reversion — the  hate  and  strife  of  the 
present  day — to  conditions  of  such  opposite 
characteristics  that  the  Prophet  Isaiah  could 
cnly  express  this  changed  spirit  by  referring  to 
the  changed  behavior  of  those  animals  that  we 
have  always  regarded  as  the  fiercest.  Speaking 
from  a  time  over  700  years  before  Christ  (2740 
years  befoi-e  the  present  day),  he  tells  of  the 
vision  God  has  given  him  of  the  future  Gov- 
ei-nment  of  ]\Iessiah,  when  "the  wolf  also  shall 
dwell  with  the  lamb,  and  the  leopard  shall  lie 
uown  Avitli  the  kid;  and  the  calf  and  tlie  young 
lion  ami  tiie  fatling  together;  and  a  little  child 
shall  lead  them.  And  the  cow  and  the  bear 
shall  feed ;  their  young  ones  shall  lie  down  to- 
gether; and  the  lion  shall  eat  straw  like  the  ox. 
They  shall  not  hurt  nor  destroy  in  all  my  holy 
mountain ;  for  the  earth  shall  be  full  of  the 
knowledge  of  the  Lord,  as  the  waters  cover  the 
sea." 

And  again  the  prediction  of  the  inspired 
prophet  goes  on  to  say : 

"And  in  that  day  thou  shalt  say:  0  Lord,  I 
will  praise  thee;  though  thou  wast  angry  with 
me,  thine  anger  is  turned  away,  and  thou  com- 
fortest  me. 

Behold,  God  is  my  salvation ;  I  wiU  trust  and 
net  be  afraid;  for  the  Lord  Jehovah  is  my 
strength  and  my  song;  he  also  is  become  my 
Ealvation. ' ' 

When  this  terrible  war  of  the  present  day 
has  run  its  course,  those  who  have  died  for  the 
truth    and    righteousness    of    their   cause   shall 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


join  with  those  who  have  passed  through  the 
fire  and  are  of  the  same  spirit ;  then  will  be  the 
beginning  of  the  end  of  our  present  reversion 
to  savagery,  and  this  wonderful  day  of  the 
Lord  will  be  nigh. 


The  statue  of  the  "Christ  of  the  Andes," 
which  is  located  in  the  Andes  Mountains  be- 
tweeji  Chili  and  Argentina,  was  erected  by 
these  countries  to  commemorate  the  treaty  con- 
cluded in  1896   between  Chili   and  Argentine. 


THE  CHRIST  OF  THE  ANDES 

A  monument  of  good-will  standing  at  an  ele- 
vation of  12,000  feet  on  the  boundary  line  be- 
tween Chili  and  Argentina. 


"THE   SEVEN  AGES   OF  MAN" 

Every  boy  loves  to  read  of  Robin  Hood  and 
his  merry  men,  dressed  in  Lincoln  green,  who 
lived  the  life  of  outlaws  and  freedom,  in  the 


THE   SEVEN   AGES   OF   MAN 


■wild  woods  of  England.  Shakespeare  in  his 
comedy  "As  You  Like  It,"  written  about  1599, 
lays  the  scene  of  his  play  in  the  "Forest  of 
Arden,"  in  France,  between  the  rivers  Meuse 
and  Moselle,  it  is  claimed.  This  is  in  the  French 
Flanders  where  the  present  battle  is  raging. 
At  the  time  of  Shakespeare,  however,  it  was  a 
beautiful  forest,  and  Shakespeare's  comedy  has 
made  everyone  love  it,  or  the  descriptions  of  it, 
Vhich  are  brought  out  in  this  well-known  play 
of  the  unmatched  poet,  whom  Milton  calls 

"Sweetest  Shakespeare,  fancy's  cliild. 
Warbles  his  native  wood-notes  wild." 

In  this  play  a  Duke  is  driven  fiom  court  by 
the  fraud  and  hatred  of  his  brother,  and  in  the 
Forest  of  Arden,  with  faithful  friends  who 
have  followed  him  there,  lives  a  life  of  freedom 
and  contentment — the  only  foes  being  winter's 
cold  and  seasons'  diiferenees.  One  of  his 
friends,  Jaques,  is  a  man  of  the  world,  having 
had  man.v  experiences  in  life,  and  had  come  to 
the  point  where  he  looks  w  ith  a  certain  mel- 
ancholy on  every  act  and  scene,  and,  in  fact, 
he  is  said  to  be  able  to  "suck  melancholy  from 
a  song  as  a  weasel  sucks  eggs."  In  one  of  his 
conversations  with  his  friend  the  Duke,  Jaques 
speaks  words  that  have  been  quoted  so  much 
that  they  are  familiar  to  most  people — at  least 
in  part.  This  is  due  to  theii-  simple  and  accu- 
rate description  of  the  characteristics  of  the 
infant,  the  l)oy,  the  man,  from  the  cradle  to  the 
grave,  in  what  Jaiiues  himself  calls  '•The  Seven 
Ages  of  ^lan." 

Out  thei-e  in  the  green  woods  of  Arden, 
Jaques  tells  the  Duke  : 

"All  the  world's  a  stage, 
And  all  the  men  and  women  merely  players: 
They  have  their  exits  and  their  entrances; 
And  one  man  in  his  time  plays  many  parts, 
His  acts  being  seven  ages.    At  first  the  infant, 
Mewling  and  puking  in  the  nurse's  arms. 
Then  the  whining  schoolboy,  with  his  satchel 
And  shining  morning  face,  creeping  like  snail 
Unwillingly  to  school.   And  then  the  lover, 
Sighing  like  furnace,  with  a  woeful  ballad 
Made  to  his  mistress '  eyebrow.  Then  a  soldier, 


Full  of  strange  oaths,  and  bearded  like  the 

pard. 
Jealous  in  honor,  sudden  and  quick  in  quarrel, 
Seeking  the  bubble  reputation 
Even  in  the  cannon's  mouth.    And   then  the 

justice. 
In  fair  round  belly  with  good  capon  lined. 
With  eyes  severe  and  beard  of  formal  cut, 
Fiill  of  wise  saws  and  modem  instances ; 
And  so  he  plays  his  part.    The  sixth  age  shifts 
Into  the  lean  and  slipper 'd  pantaloon. 
With  spectacles  on  nose  and  pouch  on  side, 
His  youthful  hose,  well  saved,  a  world  too  wide 
For  his  shrunk  shank ;  and  his  big  manly  voice, 
Turning  ag-ain  toward  childish  treble,  pipes 
And  whistles  in  his  sound.    Last  scene  of  all, 
That  ends  this  strange  eventful  history, 
Is  second  childishness  and  mere  oblivion. 
Sans  teeth,  sans  eyes,  sans  taste,  sans  every- 
thing, ' ' 

Ja(iues  himself  has  passed  through  most  of 
these  stages  and  knows  whereof  he  speaks. 
How  simple  and  accurate  his  description:  1. 
Of  the  Infant,  its  helplessness  and  dependence 
on  his  nurse.  2.  The  Schoolboy,  unwilling  to 
go  to  school  and  therefore  creeping  like  a  snail 
with  his  satchel  and  his  shining  morning  face, 
fresh  washed,  that  soon  will  be  covered  with 
the  dirt  of  boyhood  games.  3.  The  Lover, 
Avhose  main  characteristic  is  writing  poetry  and 
heaving  sighs.  Older  grown,  the  fourth  stage, 
of  a  Soldier,  who  has  exchanged  the  Lover's 
sighs  for  strong  oath  and  boisterous  statement, 
seeking  fame  and  reputation  even  at  the  can- 
non's mouth.  If  he  passes  safely  through  this 
stage  with  his  life,  then  comes  the  fifth,  that  of 
the  Justice,  who  has  won  the  due  honors  of  his 
rank  and  enjoys  the  luxuries  of  the  table  while 
he  gives  out  justice  from  the  bench.  This  is 
what  Jaques  looks  forward  to,  perhaps,  for 
certainly  this  fi-iend  of  the  Duke  has  not  yet 
reached  the  sixth  age,  which  is  that  of  "the 
lean  and  slipper 'd  pantaloon  with  spectacles 
on  nose  and  pouch  on  side."  And  last  of  all, 
the  seventh  stage,  which  Jaques  calls  a  second 
childhood,  and  which  comes  to  some  men  who 
have  passed  the  allotted  three  score  years  and 
ten,  "by  reason  of  strength,"  and  yet  find  such 
years  "full  of  labor  and  sorrow,"  as  their  phy- 


THE    WELLIAMS    HISTORY 


sical  condition  is  without  teeth,  without  eyes, 
without  taste  and  without  everything — accord- 
ing to  Ja(iues'  description. 

REMARKS  OX  POPE'S  ESSAY  ON  MAN 

This  is  a  statement  of  the  principles  of  hu- 
man nature  as  applied  to  man,  which  is  given 
in  the  foi'm  of  poetry,  as  Pope  found  it  more 
convenient  to  put  his  thoughts  in  that  form 
than  in  prose.  The  four  epistles  on  Man  Avere 
written  in  1732-33  and  34,  and  Voltaire,  a  keen 
critic,  praised  the  beauty  of  the  poem. 

Pope  himself  says  that  he  has  steered  be- 
tween the  extremes  of  doctrines,  seemingly  op- 
posite, and  passed  over  terras  utterly  unintel- 
ligible, in  the  endeavor  to  form  a  temperate, 
short  system  of  ethics. 

A  critic  of  the  present  day  would  say  that 
the  form  and  the  art  of  poetry  and  the  thought 
thus  expressed  by  the  poem,  "triumph,  even  in 
the  midst  of  the  error  of  his  statements,  as  he 
presents  a  framework  of  fallacious  generaliza- 
tion that  gives  coherence  to  the  epigrammatic 
statement  of  a  multitude  of  individual  truths." 

Thus,  in  his  first  epistle  he  takes  up  Man  in 
the  abstract,  and  considers  how  he  is  suited  to 
his  sphere.  How  he  has  more  knowledge  than 
the  brutes,  but  less  than  the  spirits.  He  claims 
that  ignorance  makes  for  happiness,  providing 
we  have  Hope  to  cheer  us  on:  "What  can  we 
reason  but  from  what  we  know  of  man?  what 
see  we  but  his  station  here?" 

He  still  links  Hope  with  Happiness  when  he 
says : 

"Hope  humbly  then;  with  trembling'  pinions 

soar: 
Wait  the  great  teacher  Death,  and  God  adore. 
What  future  bliss  He  gives  not  thee  to  know, 
But  gives  that  hope  to  be  thy  blessing  now. 
Hope  springs  eternal  in  the  human  breast^ 
Man  never  is,  but  always  to  be,  blest." 

He  speaks  of  Man  in  the  state  of  the  Indian 
with  his  ignorance  of  God,  but  his  belief  that 
God  is  in  the  wind,  the  cloud-topped  hill,  and 
in  the  woods  through  which  he  roams ;  and   he 


looks  for  a  heaven  in  which  his  horse  and  favor- 
ite dog  shall  share  his  hunts  and  his  pleasures. 

Pope  states  that  pride  is  often  the  result  of 
knowing  too  much  and  aiming  too  high  for 
selfish  men : 

' '  Men  would  be  angels,  angels  would  be  gods. 
Aspiring  to  be  gods  if  angels  fell. 
Aspiring  to  be  angels  men  rebel : ' ' 

But  we  do  not  err,  if  we  keep  in  mind,  he 


"The  first  Almighty  Cause 
Acts  not  by  partial  but  by  general  laws." 

That  is.  no  one  man  is  singled  out  to  l)e  the 
special  pet  of  the  Almighty,  for  whom  his  gen- 
eral laws,  that  are  made  for  the  good  of  all, 
must  be  broken  or  made  obsolete  for  this  one's 
special  benefit.  God  is  not  the  God  of  one  man 
but  of  the  whole  race ;  and  he  also  made  for 
man's  use  all  creatures  and  gave  them  certain 
po^vers,  some  of  them  higher  than  that  of  man. 
Thus,  for  instance,  the  sight  of  man  is  not  that 
telescopic  sight  of  the  eagle,  nor  has  man  the 
brute  strength  of  the  bear,  uor  has  man  the 
hearing  of  some  of  the  wild  animals — because 
it  is  not  best  for  man  that  he  should  have  these 
extremes  of  physical  characteristics. 

"Each  beast,  each  inrect,  happy  in  its  own." 

If   man   were   provided   with    such    powers    of 

body  as  above  mentioned,  it  Avonld  lie  misery 

to  him  instead  of  a  pleasure.     It  would  be  a 

pain  to  him.     He  would  be  "stunned  by  the 

music  of  the  sphere.^,"  and  would  have  wished 

"that  Heav'n  had  left  him  still 

The  whispering  zephyr  and  the  purling  rill. 

Who  finds  not  Providence  all  good  and  wise, 

Alike  in  vv^hat  it  gives,  and  what  denies." 

So  Pope  finds  that 

"AU  ars  but  parts  of  one  tremendous  whole, 
Whose  body  Nature  is,  and  God  the  soul." 

So  he  advises  man  not  to  criticise  God  for  not 
giving  him  things  he  hasn't  got,  but  to  recog- 
nize that  what  he  has  got  is  given  him  for  a 
wise  purpose,  and  that  he  should  make  the  best 
of  his  talents. 


POPE'S   ESSAY   ON   MAN 


Then  Pope  takes  up  the  nature  and  state  of 
man  with  respect  to  himself  as  an  individual, 
and  says 

"Know  then  thyself,  presume  not  God  to  scan; 
The  proper  study  of  mankind  is  Man" 

and  the  moi'c  man  studies  and  tiiuls  out,  the 
less  he  will  be  inclined  "to  teach  Eternal  Wis- 
dom how  to  rule. ' '  But  in  the  midst  of  all  this 
study  of  man,  Pope  finds  two  principles  that 
guide  human  nature :  Self-love,  that  urges  man 
onwai-d  to  get  whatever  he  wants;  and  second- 
\y.  Reason,  that  acts  as  a  balance  wheel  and 
restrains  hisn  from  extremes. 

The  Passions  he  calls  modes  of  self-love,  and 
says  that  vices  are  extremes  of  passion  tliat 
have  gone  wrong,  and  virtues  are  often  another 
form  of  these  same  passions  guided  by  reason 
into  gentler  forms,  and  made  up  of  the  lights 
and  shades  that  give  strength  and  color  to  our 
life. 

"Yes,  Nature's  road  must  ever  be  preferred — 
Season  is  here  no  gTiide,  but  still  a  guard." 

Thus  in  man,  passions  join  for  some  mysterious 
use,  and  just  when  vice  becomes  a  virtue  is 
often  hard  to  define.  Those  people,  however, 
who  say  there  is  no  vice  or  no  virtue,  Pope 
says  are  as  foolish  as  those  who  say  that  there 
is  no  white  and  no  black,  because  white  and 
black  blend  in  a  thousand  ways  and  soften  and 
unite  in  different  shades.     Pope  says  plainly 

"Vice  is  a  monster  of  so  frightful  mien 
As  to  be  hated  needs  but  to  be  seen ; 
Yet  seen  too  oft,  familiar  vsrith  her  face, 
We  first  endure,  then  pity,  then  embrace." 

"So  virtuous  and  vicious  every  man  must 
be" — not  everybody  extremely  one  or  the  other 
— "but  each  one  in  some  degree." 

Still  self  directs  man,  and  each  individual 
seeks  a  several  goal, 

"But  heaven's  great  view  is  one  and  that 
the  whole." 

So  Reason  also  helps  man  to  be  happy  in  ex- 
ploring Nature;  helps  tlie  fool  to  be  happy  that 
he  knows  no  more,  and  the  rich  that  he  has 


plenty  given,  Avhile  the  poor  are  content  with 
the  care  of  Heaven. 

Still  Hope  travels  with  us,  says  Pope,  and 
like  the  child  M'ho  is  pleased  with  a  rattle  and 
tickled  with  a  straw,  the  youth  demands  some 
livelier  plaything,  and  the  grown  man  asks  for 
other  things  to  amuse  his  riper  age ;  while  old 
age  is  contented  with  quite  different  things 
until  "tired,  he  sleeps  and  life's  poor  play  is 
0  'er. " ' 

But  in  the  midst  of  it  all.  Pope  says  one  com- 
fort must  still  rise:  "  'Tis  this,  though  Man's  a 
fool,  yet  God  is  wise. ' ' 

Having  ended  with  man  by  himself,  Pope 
then  takes  up  the  nature  and  state  of  man  with 
respect  to  society,  and  shows  how  Reason 
teaches  that  society,  or  the  good  of  society, 
must  be  considered  by  the  Eternal  Cause,  more 
than  the  good  of  one  individual,  in  the  laws 
that  are  made  for  the  regulation  of  mankind. 
Man  is  a  fool — saj's  Pope — if  he  thinks  God 
works  solely  for  his  joy,  pastime,  tire  and  food. 
God  also  has  given  pleasures  to  the  birds  of 
heaven  who  sing ;  to  the  animals  who  have  their 
joys  of  life ;  and  the  plants  that  bloom  and  add 
to  the  pleasure,  comfort  and  food  of  other  than 
man.  So  in  a  state  of  nature  man  is  not  puffed 
up  by  pride,  ruled  by  Kings  or  tyrants,  but 
walks  in  peace  and  love  with  the  animals  of  the 
earth. 

"Then  in  Nature's  state  they  did  not  blindly 
tread, 

For  the  state  of  nature  was  the  reign  of  God. ' ' 
But  when  self-love  in  man  and  a  state  of 
society  brought  pride  and  knowledge  and  de- 
sire, it  also  brought  the  fury-passions  that  made 
him  a  fiercer  savage,  caused  him  to  seek  for 
personal  gain,  the  stronger  over  the  weak.  Then 
were  cities  built,  and  societies  made,  and  the 
state  of  love  and  the  liberty  of  Nature's  laws 
were  exchanged  for  conquest. 
"Force  first  made  conquest,  and  that  conquest 
law, 

Till  superstition  taught  the  tyrant  awe; 

Then  shared  the  tyranny,  then  lent  it  aid. 

And  Gods  of  conquerors,  Slaves  of   subjects 
made. ' ' 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Instead  of  the  good  of  all, 
Charity,  became  the  guide." 


"Zeal  then,  not 


Mankind  kept  growing  better,  however,  as 
self-love  for  the  path  it  first  pursued,  "and 
found  the  private  in  the  public  good";  Pope 
says  that 

"  'Twas  then  the    studious   head  or  generous 

mind. 
Follower  of  God,  or  friend  of  human  kind, 
Poet  or  patriot,  rose  bivt  to  restore 
The  faith  and  moral  Nature  gave  before." 

We  have  an  illustration  of  this  in  the  present 
day  when  the  Kings  and  Kaisers  of  the  old 
world  are  passing  away,  are  losing  their  poAver 
which  they  have  used  for  their  own  selfish  love 
and  selfish  ends,  and  now  the  people  of  the 
world  are  thinking  more  of  the  good  of  the 
whole  race  than  of  the  benefit  to  a  few  Kings 
or  Rulers,  and  are  fighting,  bleeding,  laying 
doA\'n  their  lives,  for  this  idea  and  ideal  of  the 
good  of  the  whole  rather  than  the  good  of  the 
few. 

And  now  Pope  comes  in  the  fourth  epistle  to 
the  conclusion  of  the  whole  matter  and  tells 
of  the  nature  and  state  of  man  with  respect  to 
happiness. 

'0  Happiness— our  being's  end  and  aim! 
Good,  Pleasure,  Ea.se,  Content,  whate'er  thy 

name — 
That  something  still  which  prompts  th'  eter- 
nal sigh. 
For  which  we  bear  to  live,  or  dare  to  die. ' ' 

Pope  is  right  when  he  says  that  happiness 
we  justly  call  consists  not  in  the  good  of  one, 
but  all,  and  then  states  that  happiness  lies  in 
three  words.  Health,  Peace  and  Competence. 
Health,  however,  consists  in  temperance,  and 
temperance  means  moderation  in  the  use  of  all 
things,  whether  of  pleasure  or  pain,  passion, 
profit,  pride,  or  self-love.  •     : 

.   Peace,   however,   is  the   one  possession  that 
virtue  has  alone,  and  it  is  all.  her  own.    Peace 


does  not  consist  in  outside  condition,  circum- 
stances or  possession,  but  is  that  "soul's  calm 
sunshine  and  heartfelt  joy,  which  nothing 
earthly  gives  or  can  destroy — and  is  virtue's 
prize." 

Esteem  and  Love  were  never  to  be  sold — 
Honor  and  shame  from  no  condition  rise, 
Act  well  your  part:  there  all  the  honor  lies." 

Then  again  he  says  what  Bobbie  Burns  has 
also  said  in  other  words:  "Worth  makes  the 
man,  and  want  of  it  the  fello\v ;  The  rest  is  all 
but  leather  or  prunella." 

Pope  says  that  some  people  think  that  vir- 
tue is  being  punished  when  accident  or  chance 
brings  to  them  ill  fortune,  and  that  vice, 
wlien  successful,  is  happy. 

Then  he  shows  that,  who  noble  ends,  by 
noble  ends  obtain,  is  happier,  though  he  fail, 
than  rich  and  wicked  are  when  they  appar- 
ently  succeed   in   their   designs. 

"It  is  absurd  to  call  a  villain  great. 
What  can  ennoble  sots,  or  slaves,  or  cowards? 
Alas,  not  all  the  blood  of  all  the  Howards." 

and  again  he  says,  "Count  me  those  only  who 
were  good  and  great. ' ' 

Sometimes  when  a  man  is  ahead  of  his  times 
in  thought  and  action,  he  finds  the  people,- are 
not  ready  for  him.     Pope  says 

"Truths  would  you  teach,  or   save  a  sinking 
land? 

All  fear,  none  aid  you,  and  few  understand." 

And  yet,  whether  with  or  Avithout  fame, 
with  or  without  riches  and  power,  in  spite  of 
clothing,  and  not  because  of  it,  "An  honest 
Man's  the  noblest  work  of  God." 


Bobbie  Burns  would  say 
for  all  that,  and  all  that. ' ' 


man  s  a  man, 


THE  GLORY  OF  PARENTHOOD 


THE  GLORY  OF  PARENTHOOD 

"By  what  standard  is  a  man's  or  a  woman's  suc- 
cess in  life  measured? 

The  usual  standard  is  that  of  worldly  success. 
If  a  man  makes  much  money,  or  raises  to  high 
office  and  influence,  he  is  called  a  successful  man. 
Nobody  asks  about,  or  is  interested  in,  his  domestic 
affairs.  That  is  to  say,  these  domestic  affairs 
attract  attention  only  when  there  is  something  to 
talk  about,  or  when  the  house  of  the  'successful 
man'  is  open  to  his  friends,  to  'society,'  resplendent 
in  appointments  and  art  treasures,  and  things  of 
that  sort. 

"Will  the  time  ever  come  when  we  may  measure 
the  success  of  a  well-lived  life  by  the  number  of 
well-bred,  useful  children  a  man  or  a  woman  leave 
behind,  instead  of  by  the  number  of  dollars  and  vain 
'honors'? 

What  do  we  live  for.  anyway?  What  is  the  mean- 
ing and  glory  of  parenthood,  of  the  home? 

The  main  purpose  of  human  life,  and  the  great- 
est glory  of  parenthood,  is  the  rearing  of  children 
who  can  carry  on  the  work  of  the  race.  It  is  for 
them  we  live  and  strive.  We  must  give  them  our 
best,  so  that  they  may  not  only  perpetuate  our  own 
efforts  when  we  are  gone,  but  may  do  better  than 
we  were  able  to  cio.  We  must  strive,  through  our 
childien.  for  the  perfection  of  the  race. 

Thus,  from  the  point  of  view,  not  of  'society,' 
but  of  human  society,  the  most  successful  man  or 
woman  is  the  one  who  gives  to  the  race  the  great- 
est number  of  children  of  both  sexes  who  can  carry 
on  the  banner  of  humanity — that  banner  with  the 
strange  device,  'E.xcelsior,'  to  ever  loftier  heights." 
jMAXIMILIAX  p.  E.  GROSZM.WX,  Ph.  D., 

The  Eminent  Child  Expert. 


M.  F.  AVILLLVMS"  ANSWER.— A  man's  or 
•woman's  standard  or  success  in  life  is  not 
always  measured  by  what  they  actually  do. 
Many  a  man,  and  many  a  woman  have  been 
started  in  life  upon  the  wrong  path.  Some 
have  liecn  started  downward,  and  made  a 
■wretched  failure,  some  have  been  started  up- 
ward, and  reached  the  goal,  that  of  success. 
What  is  success!  According  to  a  man  or 
woman's  career  in  life,  even  if  It's  measured 
by  dollars  and  cents,  and  they  haven't  reached 
that    sioal,    then    they    have   failed. 

If  it's  measured  by  eloijuence,  and  they 
were  not    fitted    for    that    career,     then     they 


haven't  always  failed.  A  man  or  a  woman's 
career  in  this  life  sometimes  fails,  because 
they  haven't  found  that  for  which  they  are 
best  fitted.  In  ray  early  life  the  greatest  de- 
sideratum, the  greatest  question  which  was 
always  uppermost  before  me,  was  simply  this: 
what  was  I  intended  for? — that  was  my  great- 
est query.  I  frequently  would  talk  with  my 
mother  in  my  young  manhood  days,  and  ask 
her  what  she  thought  I  was  fitted  for.  Of 
course  she  did  not  know.  I  simply  had  to 
make  up  my  own  mind  as  to  what  I  would 
like  to  do,  and  that  was -another  stumbling 
block.  Two  of  my  uncles  being  millwrights, 
after  failing  at  farming  I  decided  to  become  a 
millwright,  and  after  becoming  one,  that 
taught  me  many  lessons  aiid  from  that  expe- 
rience I  found  a  bettei-  way  to  reaoli  the  goal 
of  success  as  far  as   I   was  conccnuxl. 

Jly  father,  although  a  very  good  man,  a 
well-meaning  man,  did  not  map  out  a  line 
for  me ;  I  had  to  choose  for  myself.  I  was  not 
old  enough  in  experience  to  be  guided  by  the 
Good  Book,  where  It  states'  that  there  shall  be 
hewers  of  wood  and  drawers  of  water,  the 
meaning  of  which  being  that  there  are  many 
vocations  in  life  from  which  to  choose,  and 
we  never  know  until  we  try  it ;  but  if  we 
would  only  study  in  our  younger  days  and 
have  faith  in  the  old  saying,  that  "if  you 
don't  at  first  succeed,  try,  try  again,"  more  of 
us   would  be   successful. 

ilaiiy  a  good  man  lacks  the  opportunity. 
Fortune  knocks  at  evei'y  man's  door  through 
the  cou7'se  of  life,  but  he  lacks  decision  at  the 
opportune    nuinu='nt. 

The  greatest  achievement  of  woman  is  and 
should  be,  motherhood.  While  there  are  so 
many  opportunities  for  women  today  in  the 
business  world,  and  in  public  life,  the  greatest 
of  all  is  7uotherhood,  and  the  raising  of  a 
large  family,  and  branching  them  off  each  hx 
their  proper  course  to  multiply  and  replenish 
the  earth,  with  well-meaning  and  well-behaved 
children. 

What  are  we  all  living  for? — to  fill  our  re- 
spective spheres,  and  all  can  make  their  mark 
in    the    world     by    reaching    their     respective 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


goals,  and  shine  like  the  stars  in  heaven — 
although  they  may  not  be  captains  of  indus- 
try, as  we  cannot  all  be  such  captains;  as 
there  would  not  be  places  enough  left  to  go 
around,  and  many  of  us  could  not  fill  the  bill 
if  there  were,  hence  the  definition  is :  Reach 
your  sphere  and  aim  at  the  highest,  no  matter 
upon  what  stratum  of  human  society  it  may 
be. 


GEMS  OF  GOOD  ADVICE  APPROVED  BY 
M.  F.  WILLIAMS 

The  key  of  our  lives  that  opens  all  locks, 
passes  all  wards,  is  not  "I  will,"  but  "I 
must  "     I  nuist.  I  must,  and  I  do  it. 


An  idle  brain  is  the   devil's  workshop. 


Let  me  but  do  my  work  from  day  to  day. 
In  field  or  forest,  at  the  desk  or  loom, 
In  roaring  market-place  or  tran(|uil  room; 
Let  me  but  find  it  in  my  heart  to  say, 
When  vagrant  wishes  beckon   me   astray, 
' '  This  is  my  work ;  my  blessing-,  not  my  doom ; 
Of  all  who  live,  I  am  the  one  by  whom 
This  work  can  best  be  done,  in  the  right  way : ' ' 
Then  shall  I  see  it  not  too  great,  nor  small, 
To  suit  my  spirit  and  to  prove  my  powers; 
Then  shall  I  cheerful  greet  the  laboring  hours. 
And  cheerful  turn,  when  the  long  shadows  fall 
At  eventide,  to  play  and  love  and  rest. 
Because  I  know  for  me  my  work  is  best. 

(Henry  van  Dyke.) 


"Who  is  a  philosopher?    A  man  whom  God 
has  endowed  with  philosophy."       (Milton.) 

"The  best  laid  schemes  o'  mice  and  men 

Gang   aft   agley. 
And  lea    's  naught  but  grief  and  pain 

For  promised  joy." 

"A  wad  some  power  the  giftie  gie  us 

To  see  oursel's  as  others  see  us, 

It  wad  frae  monie  a  blunder  free  us 

An'  foolish  notion." 

(Bobbie  Burns.", 


Judge  not  according  to  the  appearance — but 
in  these  days  and  according  to  business  par- 
lance, generally  all  men  are  judged  according 
to  their  appearance.  But  foppery  doesn't 
count — only  genuineness  found  out  does  count. 

"Whatsoever  a  man  soweth,  that  shall  he 
also  reap."  Those  who  live  in  glass  houses 
must  not  throw  stones. 

"I  have  fought  a  good  fight.  I  have  fin- 
ished my  course.     I  have  kept  the  faith." 

"He  who  is  without  sin,  let  him  cast  the 
first  stone,''  and  the  Irishman's  answer,  "Divil 
a  stone  was  there  trowed." 

"Lay  on,  lay  on,  McDuff,  and  damned  be  he 
who  dares  to  cry  'Enough.'  " 

"But  sci'cw  your  courage  to  the  sticking 
place  and  stick." 

"Can  such  things  be  and  overcome  us  like  a 
summer's  cloud  without  our  special  wonder?" 

"The  better  part   of  valor  is  discretion." 

"Judge  not,  that  ye  be  not  judged." 
Hold  thy   tongue,   for  it   may   be  foul. 


FOUNDATION  STONES  OF  SUCCESS 


FOUKTEEN  POINTS  IN  THE  LEAGUE  OF 

SUCCESS 

By  Bert  Edward  Barnes 

MANHOOD  ivhieh  stands  for  strength  in  pur- 
pose and  virility  in  action. 

OPTIMISM,  that  which  gives  courage,  sweet- 
ens toil  and  lightens  the  burdens. 

RESOURCEFULNESS  which  eontiuers  obsta- 
cles and  attracts  other  men  to  you. 

ENERGY,  the  power  of  success  which  pro- 
dvices  the  miracles  of  enthusiasm. 

ENTHUSIASM,  the  salt  of  life,  that  renews 
and  enriches  everything  it  touches. 

FRIENDSHIP,  a  beautiful  and  noble  thing, 
which  animates  vii-tue  and  good  resolu- 
tions. 

FIDELITY,  which  puts  more  than  an  expecta- 
tion of  pay  into  one's  woi-k. 

INTEGRITY,  an  indispensable  virtue,  the  cor- 
nerstone  of  most   successes. 

CHARACTER,  one  of  life's  most  precious 
things,  cherished  by  all. 

INITIATIVE,  the  essence  of  character  and  the 
liasis  of  most  big  achievements. 

ENDURANCE,  a  better  test  of  character  than 
any  one  act  of  hoT'oism,  however  noble. 

NOBILITY,  that  which  carries  sunshine  and 
good  cheer  to  the  poor  and  suffering. 

CHEERFULNESS,  a  public  duty,  irrelevant  to 
any  religious  creed  or  doctrine. 

YOUTHFULNESS  of  spirit  which  has  its  fruit- 
age in  the  preservation  of  health. 


THE    IMEMORY   OP   MAN   RUNNETH  NOT 
TO  THE  CONTRARY 

There  are  certain  statements  that  are  axio- 
matic or  self-evident,  needing  no  proof  of 
their  correctness.  Amongst  these  are  the  fol- 
lowing : 

"History  repeats  itself." 

And  also,  "There  is  nothing  new  under  the 
sun. ' ' 

So  often  in  these  latter  days  we  read  of 
men  whose  actions  appear  to  be  different  from 
any  heretofore  and  whose  opinions  are  said 
to  be  new  and  progressive  and  in  the  advance 
of  new  thought,  and  then  we  are  surprised 
when  the  opinions  of  people  in  the  years  gone 
by  are  found  to  be  duplicates  of  the  present- 
day  expi'cssions. 

In  this  connection,  who  would  expect  that 
the  statements  and  claims  of  the  I.  W.  "W., 
who  are  supposed  to  be  the  latest  exponents 
of  personal  liberty — which  they  mean  of  them- 
selves only,  and  not  of  other  people — should 
be  so  well  expressed  as  bj'  the  following  lex- 
ti'act  from  a  speech  by  Daniel  Webster  in  the 
Senate  in  1833,  87  years  ago?  The  same  peo- 
ple were  common  in  his  day,  and  he  describes 
them  as  follows: 

"There  are  persons  who  eonstantl.v  clamor. 
They  complain  of  oppression,  speculation  and 
pernicious  influence  of  accumulated  wealth. 
They  cry  out  loudl.v  against  all  banks  and 
corporations  and  all  means  by  which  small 
capitalists  become  united  in  order  to  produce 
important  and  beneficial  results.  They  carry 
on  mad  hostility  against  all  establish-ed  insti- 
tutions. They  would  choke  the  fountain  of 
industry  and  dry  all  streams.  In  a  country  of 
unbounded  liberty,  they  clamor  against  op- 
pression.  In  a  country  of  perfect  equality, 
they  would  move  heaven  and  earth  against 
privilege  and  monopol.y.  In  a  country  Avhere 
property  is '  more  evenly  divided  than  any- 
whei'C  else,  they  rend  the  air  shouting  agra- 
rian doctrines.  In  a  country  where  wages  of 
labor  are  high  beyond  parallel,  they  would 
teach  the  laborer  that  he  is  but  an  oppressed 
slave." 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


WHO   AM    I? 

I  am  more  powerful  than  the  combined 
armies  of  the  world. 

I  have  destroyed  more  men  than  all  the  wars 
ef  the  nations. 

I  am  more  deadly  than  bullets,  and  I  have 
wrecked  more  homes  than  the  mi^ditiest  of 
siege  guns. 

I  steal  in  the  United  States  alone  over  .'f::300,- 
000,000  each  year. 

I  spare  no  one,  and  I  tind  my  victims  among 
the  rich  and  poor  alike,  the  young  and  old, 
the  strong  and  weak.  Widows  and  orphans 
know  me. 

I  loom  up  to  such  proportions  that  I  cast 
my  shadow  over  every  field  of  labor,  from  the 
turning  of  the  grindstone  to ,  the  moving  of 
every  railroad  train. 

I  massacre  thousand.s  aipon  thousands  of 
wage-earners  in  a  year. 

I  lurk  in  unseen  places,  and  do  most  ^of  my 
M'ork  silently.  You  are  warned  against  me, 
but  you  heed  not. 

I  am  relentless. 

I  am  everywhere — in  the  home,  on  the 
streets,  in  the  factory,  at  railroad  crossings, 
and  on  the  sea. 

I  bring  sickness,  degradation  and  death,  and 
yet  few  seek  to  avoid  me. 

I  destroy,  crush  or  maim ;  I  give  nothing, 
but  take  all. 

I  am  your  worst  enemy. 

I  am  CARELESSNESS. 


GOLD  IS  THE  MEASURING  UNIT  OF  ALL 
MONEY 

Gold  is  the  basis  of  our  money  or  the  terms 
in  which  we  state  prices  and  measure  Mealth. 
■   Gold   is   the   only   commodity    the   price    of 
which  is  fixed  by  statute. 

The  price  of  all  other  commodities  rises  and 
falls  with  demand  and  supply. 


The  price  of  gold  was  fixed  by  international 
agreement  in  1792  at  $20.67  an  ounce,  and  this 
price  was  legalized  in  1843. 

The  process  of  fixing  this  pi'ice  was  by  an 
estimate  of  the  time  reciuired  by  man  to  pro- 
duce an  ounce  of  gold  at  placer  mining  and 
based  on  the,  then  market  rate  and  wage. 

For  those  who  do  not  understand  the  term 
placer  mining  is  meant  dry  mining  on  the  sur- 
face. 

And  all  the  while  the  price  of  gold  has  re- 
mained the  same  on  a  man-power  basis  before 
the  age  of  steam,  when  man,  by  the  force  within 
himself,  was  the  onl.y  means  of  isroducing  gold. 


FOOTPRINTS   ON   THE   SANDS   OF   TIME,. 

"Lives  of  great  men  oft  remind  us 
We  can  make  our  lives  sublime. 

And  departing  leave  behind  us 
Footprints  on  the  sands  of  time. 

Footprints,  that  perhaps  another 
Wanderer  o'er  Life's  stormy  main. 

Some  forlorn  and  shipwrecked  Brother, 
Seeing,  may  take  heart  again." 

— Longfellow. 

Commenting  on  the  above,  I  would  say  that : 
The  Sand  shows  grit, 

The  Sundial  indicates  time. 

The  Footprints  .show  that  someone  came  along- 
past  time, 

Going  about  his  business — 

And  .you  begone  about  yours. 

The  lesson  to  be  learned  from  this,  when 
properly  studied,  should  indicate  and  point  out 
that  a  wayfaring  man  of  grief  in  passing 
through  Life's  journey  while  being  active  upon 
earth — that  the  footprints  which  he  leaves 
upon  the  sands  of  time  should  produce  fruit 
which  will  help  to  preserve  him  or  her  in  the 
mature  days  when  not  able  to  procure  daily 
bread  of  their  own  earning,  in  their  aged  con-' 
dition. — Milton. 


PHILOSOPHICAL  SAYINGS 


AS  YOU  MAKE   IT. 

To  the  preacher,  life's  a  sermon, 

To  the  joker,  it's  a  jest; 
To  the  miser,  life  is  money, 

To  the  loafer,  life  is  rest. 

To  the  lawyer,  life's  a  trial, 
To  the  poet,  life's  a  song; 

To  the  doctor,  life's  a  patient, 

^Vho  needs  treatment  right  along. 

To  the  soldier,  life's  a  battle. 

To  the  teacher,  life's  a  school; 
Life's  a  good  thing  to  the  grafter, 

It 's  a  failure  to  the  fool. 

To  the  man  iiijon  the  engine 
Life's  a  long  and  heavy  grade; 

It's  a  gamble  to  the  gambler. 
To  the  merchant,  life's  a  trade. 

Life  is  but  a  long  vacation 

To  the  man  who  loves  his  work ; 

Life's  an  cvei-lasting  effort 
To  shiui  duty,  to  the  shirk. 


Life  is  what  we  tt 
Brother,  what  is  1 


to  make  it — 
.'  to  you .' 

— E.  S.  Kiser. 


PIIILOSOPIirCAL   SAYINGS. 

Produce  1  Produce!  said  the  ijreat  ('arlyle, 
and  that  should  be  the  ci'y  today. 

Count  your  lilcssin^s  as  nothing — unless 
you're  willing  to  woi'k  liai-d. 

The  cities,  however,  advei-tisr  their  wicked- 
ness more  vigorously  tlian  the  country  and  so 
we  get  a  wrong  idea. 

Waste  is  the  woi-st  sin — next  to  that  is  talk- 
ing too  much  during  woi'king  hours. 


How  many  old  married  couples  hate  each 
other  and  remain  together  because  separation 
wouldn't  look  well? 


Ever  notice  how  a  dog  acts  in  presence  of 
food?  He  takes  a  whitif  and  rejects  instantly 
whatever  is  not  good  for  him.  Don't  you  Avish 
you  had  that  much  sense  about  your  eating? 


If  you  want  anything  badly  enough  you  can 
usually  get  it. 


A  confirmed  crook  is  a  man  who  cheats  when 
he's  playino-  solitaire. 


All    the    wealth 
someliodv's  saviuii' 


The  deeper  we  can  implant  thi 
the  more  secure  ^vill  be  oui'  Ai 
tut  ions. 


savings  idea 
n'icau   insti- 


Red  flags  are  nev( 
savers. 


found  in  the  hands  of 


The  dictionary  contains  over  400,000  words, 
Init  the  most  interesting  writers  find  they  need 
only  about  5,000  of  them. 


HARD  FACTS  OF  THE  IRON  AGE. 

The  fii'st  discovery  of  iron  oi-e  in  the  Lake 
Superior  region  of  the  United  .States  was  made 
by  William  Burt,  Federal  Deputy  Surveyor,  in 
1844,  Burt  was  the  first  to  reveal  the  wealth 
of  ore  that  has  made  the  Lake  Superior  fields 
among  the  richest  in  the  world.  But  iron  was 
first  foimd  in  this  country  by  an  expedition 
headed  by  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  which,  in  1585, 
brought  liack  to  England  glowing  accounts  of 
ore  in  North  Carolina.  The  history  of  iron  in 
this  country  begins  from  that  date. 

Shortly  after  the  foinuling  of  the  Jamestown 
colon}'  in  1607,  seven  tons  of  Virginia  ore  were 
shipped  to  England,  '"       ■  '    • 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


111  1620  the  fii-st  iron  furnace  was  begun  ai 
a  convenient  waterfall  65  miles  up  the  James 
river  from  Jamestown,  but  delay,  financial 
difficulties  and  the  Indian  massacre  of  1622 
caused  it  to  be  abandoned. 

The  first  iron  actually  smelted  in  America 
was  in  Massachusetts  in  1645,  and  that  state 
was  the  chief  iron  maker  among  the  colonies 
for  the  following  three-quarters  of  a  century. 

In  1658  iron  works  were  founded  in  New 
Haven  and,  shortly  after,  in  Rhode  Island. 

About  1750  a  new  iron  field  was  opened  in 
the  western  part  of  Massachusetts.  Iron  works 
were  not  developed  in  NeM"  York  until  1740, 
in  the  region  east  of  the  Hudson. 

Foundries  in  northern  Xcav  Jersey  made 
munition  for  Revolutionary  cannon.  Jersey 
ore  fields  had  been  discovered  a  little  pi'evious 
to  1710. 

Pennsylvania,  now  admittedly  the  leader  of 
the  world  in  the  making  of  iron  and  steel,  was 
prominent  in  colonial  days. 

Among  the  first  plants  was  the  foi'ge  at 
Valley  Creek  which  became  famous  as  the 
Valley  Forge  of  our  Revolutionary  history. 

When  George  Washington  became  president 
of  the  country,  iron  was  being  made  in  prac- 
tically-every  state. 


Almost  e-\eryone  likes  to  sleep  under 
now  and  then. 


WISE    SAYINGS   AND   DOINGS. 

The  big  problem  before  all  big  business  is 
to  educate  the  public  to  understand  that  large 
earnings  are  not  in  the  size  of  the  individual 
profits  of  each  sale,  but,  rather,  in  the  number 
of  profits  on  many  sales. 

That  it  is  not,  for  instance,  the  amount  of 
the  profit  per  pound  of  meat  the  packers  sell, 
but,  rather,  the  aggregate  of  the  fractional 
profit  on  the  number  of  pounds. 


It  is  what  the  average  merchant  calls  "turn 
over." 

It  is  a  gigantic  task  to  get  the  public  to 
understand  this,  particularly  when  it  is  con- 
sidered that  even  the  average  merchant  does 
not  understand  this  principle. 

But  an  unprejudiced  understanding  can,  and 
must  be,  accomplished.  It  will  require  time, 
persistency  and  primer-like  illustration. 

Here  is  one  illustration: 

The  most  profitable  item  in  a  5  and  10-cent 
store  is  the  one  on  which  there  is  the  smallest 
percentage  of  profit. 

This  is  candy. 

They  only  make  4%  net,  but  they  sell— 
turn  over — their  stock  complete  every  week,  52 
times  a  j-ear. 

Now,  52  times  4%  is  208%  on  the  invest- 
ment ;  yet  the  customers  of  these  establish- 
ments purchase  their  candy  with  a  profit  of 
4  cents  on  the  dollar  to  the  dealer,  2  cents  on 
50  cents,  or  less  than  one-half  cent  on  10  cents. 

It  is  all  in  the  number  of  profits — not  in  the 
size  of  the  individual  profit. 


Another  illustration : 

Some  years  ago  the  late  Cora  Dow,  Cincin- 
nati, owner  of  a  group  of  cut-rate  drug  stores, 
was  sued  by  her  retail  competitors  (or  a  group 
of  manufacturers)  for  selling  certain  items 
below  a  fixed  price. 

She  testified  at  the  trial  that  there  was  more 
money  in  selling  Hood's  Sarsaparilla  at  75 
cents  than  at  a  dollar  a  bottle. 

The  judge,  jury,  the  lawyer — no  one  in  the 
court  room  knew  what  she  meant. 

On  further  direct  examination  she  explained 
that  Hood's  Sarsaparilla  cost  her  50  cents  a 
bottle  wholesale. 

That  in  one  of  her  stores  she  sold  20  bottles 
to  five  bottles  by  her  competitors. 


NUGGETS  OF  WISDOM 


That  they  made  only  $2.50  on  five  bottles 
in  approximately  the  same  length  of  time  that 
she  made  $5.00  on  20  bottles— twice  as  much 
as  her  competitors '  profit  and  all  the  while  the 
public  was  obtaining  its  supply  25  cents 
cheaper  per  bottle. 


An  understanding  by  the  public  of  this 
principle  of  turn  over  is  the  large  question 
before  big  business  and  all  business  today. 


A  PREGNANT  QUESTION. 

What  can  be  expected  of  a  Democracy  which 
expends  in  a  year  twice  as  much  for  chewing 
gum  as  for  school  books,  more  for  automobiles 
than  for  primary  or  secondary  education,  and 
in  which  the  average  teacher's  salary  is  less 
than  that  of  the  average  day  laborer? — Frank- 
lin K.  Lane,  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 


The  other  day  Uncle  Sam  paid  a  bill  that 
was  53  year.s  overdue. 

A  check  for  the  amount — $15 — was  sent  to 
Fenwick  McCloud  of  Clearfield,  Pa.,  a  son  of 
the  man  to  whom  it  should  have  been  paid. 

McCloud 's  father  was  a  chajilain  in  the  U.  S. 
Army  during  the  Civil  War.  He  set  in  motion 
the  red-tape-bound  governmental  machinery 
for  the  collection  of  the  $15  which  he  claimed 
was  due  him  from  the  goveiMimcnt.  He  never 
got  it,  for  he  died  six  years  later. 

Anyone  who  has  had  any  experience  with 
officials  and  Inireaus  in  army  circles  knows 
that  communications  and  claims  and  reijuests 
must  go  far  before  they  are  acted  upon. 

They  must  make  the  rounds,  receiving 
stamps  and  recommendations  and  0.  Ks.,  and 
gather  voluminous  appended  coi'respondence 
before  they  finally  end  their  wanderings. 

The  heirs  of  Chaplain  McCloud  decided  to 
carry  on.     At  last,  after  53  years,  the  bill  M^as 


paid,  after  the  claim  had  passed  through  the 
hands  of  officials  in  eleven  and  three-quartei 
administrations. 

And  $15  today  will  buy  about  half  as  much 
as  it  would  53  years  ago  I 

Speaking  of  women  having  more  sense  than 
men,  did  you  ever  notice  that  when  a  baby 
gets  big  enough  to  walk  father  wants  to  give 
away  the  baby  carriage  but  mother  puts  it  up 
in  the  garret? 


WHAT   THE    PROVERBS    SAY   ABOUT 
BUSINESS. 

Confidence  is  the  companion  of  success. 

Money  is  a  univei'sal  language,  speaking  any 
tongue. 

Fuel  is  not  sold  in  a  forest  nor  fish  on  a  lake. 

If  money  is  not  thy  servant  it  will  be  thy 
mastei". 

A  nimble  sixpence  is  better  than  a  slow  shil- 
ling. 

The  courteous  learns  his  courtesy  from  the 
discourteous. 

Small  profits  and  often  ai'e  lietter  than  large 
profits  and  seldom. 

Experience  is  the  greatest  test  of  truth  and 
is  pei'petually  contradicting  the  theories  of 
men. 

To  do  a  good  trade,  want  nothing  Init  reso- 
lution ;  to  do  a  large  one.  nothing  but  appli- 
cation. 

A  good  customer  won't  change  his  shop  nor 
a  good  shop  lose  its  customer  once  in  three 
yeai's. 


The  best  advertising  is  courteous  treatment 
of  customers. 

The  successful   man   is  usually   an  average 
man  who  either  had  a  chance  or  took  a  chance. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


A  business,  like  the  plants  in  the  field,  begins 
to  go  to  seed  as  soon  as  it  stops  growing. 

Men  who  can't  work  without  talking  usually 
drift  into  the  barbering  profession. 


Every  man  wishes  to  make  money. 

Here   is   the   surest   and   safest   way:    Make 
yourself  useful ! 

Don't  gamble,  don't  speculate,  don't  try  to 
get  something  for  nothing. 

Give  useful,  conscientious  service.     Do  each 
job  that  comes  your  way  the  best  you  can. 

Make  yourself  so  useful  that  your  employer 
cannot  do  M-ithout  you. 

That's  about  all  there  is  to  it. 


We  can't  expect  lower  prices  until  we  get 
volume  production,  and  we  can't  get  produc- 
tion unless  we  are  all  willing  to  work  hard. 


JOHN  RUSKIN. 


John  Ruskin's  essays  on  art  made  him  one 
of  the  greatest  figures  in  modern  English  liter- 
ature. 

It  is  not  generally  known,  however,  that 
Ruskin- spenti  a  .million  ;<dollars  in  charities  and 
social  reform,  and  would  have  been  a  pauper 
many  years  before  his  death  had  it  not  been 
for  the  royalties  on  his  books. 

Ruskin's  father  was  a  successful  wine  mer- 
chant of  London.  At  his  death  in  1864  he  left 
his  son  the  family  home,  some  London  prop- 
erty and  nearly  200,000  pounds. 

Ruskin  was  then  45  years  of  age.  In  seven 
years  he  had  exhausted  half  his  inheritance, 
and  the  remaining  half  rapidly  dwindled  away 
to  nothing. 

Like  many  men  of  genius,  Ruskin  was  vision- 
ary and  impractical.     Himself  surrounded  by 


every  luxury,  he  felt  keenly  the  misfortune  of 
the  poor  and  set  about  devoting  his  fortune  to 
bettering  their  condition. 

He  established  model  lodgings  in  Marley- 
bone  for  poor  tenants  and  attempted  to  re- 
claim part  of  the  slum  district  of  London. 
Later  he  sold  these  tenements,  the  venture 
having  proved  unsuccessful. 

For  the  relief  of  the  unemployed  he  orga- 
nized gangs  of  street  cleaners,  but  also  aban- 
doned this  project. 

He  founded  the  Guild  of  St.  George  and 
contributed  $35,000  towards  its  maintenance. 
This  guild  was  to  be  a  model  industrial  and 
social  organization  which  would  own  lands, 
mills  and  factories,  all  occupied  along  social- 
istic lines.  Here  is  one  of  its  basic  principles 
as  outlined  by  Ruskin:  "Food  can  only  be 
got  out  of  the  ground  and  happiness  out  of 
honesty." 

In  spite  of  its  good  points,  the  guild  failed, 
like  most  Utopian  scliemcs  and  communistic 
enterprises. 

Ruskin  founded  a  museum  for  the  study  of 
art  and  science  at  Sheffield,  which  he  endowed 
with  money  and  works  of  art.  This  was  the 
only  one  of  'his  experiments  which  proved 
practicable.     It  survives  today. 

He  started  a  model  shop  for  the  sale  of  pure 
tea,  to  prove  that  retail  trade  might  be  hon- 
estly pursued.  An  old  servant  was  put  in 
charge  and  the  shop  did  such  good  business 
that  coffee  and  sugar  were  also  added  to  its 
stock. 

Ruskin  supported  hundreds  of  pensioners 
and  small  charities.  He  gave  one  friend 
$25,000  with  which  to  start  in  business.  He 
educated  promising  artists,  and  presented 
paintings  and  art  collections  to  colleges. 

At  the  age  of  57  he  decided  that  the  practice 
of  taking  interest  for  the  use  of  capital  was 
wrong  and  refused  to  accept  it  in  return  for 
loans.  He  lived  on  his  capital,  giving  freely 
to  innumerable  friends,  dependents  and 
schemes  for  social  reform. 


KEEP  MOVING  UPWARD 


Disliking  the  methods  of  publishers  and 
booksellers,  he  turned  publisher  himself.  He 
did  away  with  the  middleman  and  advertising, 
selling  his  books  only  at  the  shop  where  they 
were  printed.  His  works  were  so  popular  that 
people  bought  them  in  spite  of  their  high  pi'iee 
and  the  inconvenient  way  in  which  they  were 
marked. 

Later  he  was  made  to  see  the  value  of  busi- 
ness methods,  and  that  by  demanding  such  a 
high  price  he  was  excluding  the  very  readers 
he  desired  so  to  reach.  He  then  put  them  out 
in  cheaper  form,  and  distributed  them  thru 
the  booksellers,  which  greatly  increased  their 
sales. 

From  the  age  of  68  to  his  death  in  his  eighti- 
eth year,  his  only  income  was  from  the  sale  of 
his  works.  This,  fortunately,  amounted  to 
$20,000  a  yeaj',  and  more  than  provided  for  his 
wants. 


A  STATIONARY  ENC41NEER. 

It  is  perfectly  easy  to  stand  still.  The 
world  is  full  of  the  immobile  sort  of  people 
Avhose  feet  are  so  firmly  planted  just  where 
they  happened  to  land  tliat  the  moss  is  grow- 
ing over  their  shoes.  Tliis  sliows  that  it  must 
be  a  very  simple  thing  to  do. 

You  can  stand  still  by  doing  just  exactly 
what  you  are  paid  to  do  and  carefully  avoiding 
any  little  oxti'a  jol)  whieli  does  not  figure  in 
your  time-sheet. 

You  can  stand  still  by  making  everj-thing 
you  do  for  the  lioss  spin  out  as  long  as  possible, 
keeping  one  eye  on  the  clock  and  the  other 
upon  your  task  so  that  you  may  easily  cheek 
any  tendency  toward  undue  haste. 

You  can  stand  still  by  making  it  apparent 
that  you  believe  thei'C  is  no  relation  whatever 
between  the  firm's  interests  and  j'our  own  in- 
terests; that  the  troubles  of  the  boss  are  noth- 
ing in  your  young  life. 

You  can  stand  still  by  paying  no  attention 
whatever  to  the  other  fellow's  job,  thus  avoid- 


ing the  possibility  of  learning  something  out- 
side your  own  little  sphere  of  action. 

But  why  stand  still  ? 

Why  not  cheerfully  turn  your  hand  to  any- 
thing that  comes  along  without  worrying  about 
whether  it  is  exactly  what  you  are  paid  to  do ; 
why  not  admit  that  the  firm's  interests  are 
your  interests,  and  act  like  it;  why  not  learn 
what  you  can  by  watching  the  other  fellow 
and  be  ready  to  take  his  place  should  an  emer- 
gency arise ;  why  not  speed  up  your  job — and 
get  somewhere? 


In  these  days  the  average  business  man  is 
tempted  to  cut  the  <|uality  of  his  product 
rather  than  to  increase  his  price. 


MAK1NC4  ONE'S  SELF  USEFUL. 

Sometimes  a  business  gets  so  big  that  the 
man  at  the  top  appears  to  be  doing  nothing 
except  to  di-aw  a  stiff  salaiy  for  looking  wise. 
As  a  matter  of  fact  he  would  gladly  trade  his 
job  for  your  job.  lie  now  has  to  depend  on 
others  to  do  things  he  once  did  himself.  This 
is  not  easy. 

Years  ago  this  man  prol)ably  did  the  most 
oi-dinary  tasks.  He  did  tliem  so  Aveil  that  lie 
was  given  moi-e  work  than  he  eciulil  handle 
alone,  so  he  hired  others  to  iielp  liiiiu  He 
trained  them  to  do  things  his  A\ay. 

His  emidoyees  today  may  numhcr  thousands, 
but  the  idea  back  of  the  whole  business  is  hon- 
est, useful  service,  and  the  inspiration  for  his 
service  comes  from  the  man  on  top. 

That,  brieHy.  is  the  story  of  every  successful 
man — Cyi'us  ("urtis,  the  publisher;  Charles 
Schwab,  the  steel  man ;  Woolworth,  the  5  and 
lO-cent  store  man ;  Heinz,  'the  pickle  man ; 
Proctor,  the  soap  man. 

Each  started  by  doing  a  useful  job  well  and 
those  that  are  living  are  still  at  it. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


If  you're  happy,  you  have  achieved  success, 
if  that  was  your  only  aim. 


Speaking  of  treasures  on  earth — squirrels 
lay  in  about  20%  more  nuts  than  they  actu- 
ally use. 

This  is  a  contingency  against  the  long  and 
particularly  cold  winter  that  invariably  comes, 
but  with  unknown  frequency. 

It  is  a  good  deal  like  the  insurance  com- 
panies allowing  20%  in  their  actuary  tables  of 
mortality,  this  being  a  factor  of  safety  to  pro- 
vide for  epidemics  that  conic  about  every  so 
often. 

The  uiuised  pai-t  of  a  s<iuirrers  hoard  gocG 
to  waste,  but  in  the  case  of  the  insurance  com- 
panies it  is  the  law  in  numy  states  that  the 
unused  portion  of  this  20%  contingency  fund 
be  returned  to  the  policy  holders — that  is,  if 
enough  time  elapses  between  epidemics  as  not 
to  have  it  drawn  upon. 


A  RICH  MAN'S  SON. 

A  rich  man's  son  may  be  given  a  job  in  his 
father's  establishment,  but  unless  he  really 
knuckles  down  to  work  he  will  never  develop 
initiative,  executive  ability  or  power  of  de- 
cision. 

There  have  been  thousaiuls  of  English  states- 
men but  none  accomplished  more  for  the  Bri- 
tish Empire  than  Disraeli,  Queen  Victoria's 
prime  minister.  He  was  a  Jew,  and  to  attain 
that  office  Disraeli  was  obliged  to  combat  dis- 
trust, ridicule,  envy  and  prejudice. 

Overcoming  these  handicaps  gave  him 
strength.  He  was  one  of  the  outstanding  char- 
acters in  English  history. 

Invent  something  useful.  Something  the 
masses  want  and  need.  Though  you  hie  your- 
self to  a  cabin  in  the  woods,  the  world  will 
make  a  beaten  path  to  your  door. 


W.  W.  Maxwell,  an  associate  of  Thomas  A. 
Edison,  advises  all  young  men  to  start  their 
business  career  by  house  to  house  soliciting, 
meeting  rebuffs  and  sharpening  their  wits. 

The  trying,  disagreeable  things  which  con- 
front us  every  day  are  the  sandpaper  and 
emery  wheels  of  life.  They  wear  the  rough- 
ness off  of  our  inexperience,  sharpen  our  men- 
tal powers,  prepare  us  to  cope  with  harder 
problems,  and  enable  us  to  handle  bigger  re- 
sponsibilities. 

If  instead  of  seeking  to  avoid  difficulties  we 
meet  them  boldly,  Ave  would  soon  find  our- 
selves growing  in  a  way  that  would  greatly 
increase  our  earning  power. 


An    honest    business    attracts    honest     cus- 
tomers. 

A    good    customer    is    the    business    man's 
silent  partner  in  building  business  larger. 


Profits  begin  with  buying,  profits  are  taken 
when  the  goods  are  sold.  Profits  are  realized 
when  the  money  is  rung  up  in  the  cash  drawer. 

If  you  sell  with  all  the  energy  there  is  and 
leave  .$1.00  in  every  $10.00  to  blow  away  as  a 
bad  debt — there's  your  profit  gone  and  your 
business  wiped  out. 

Business  is  done  for  cash  or  credit.  The 
other  thing  is  charity. 

The  man  who  has  something  saved  is  the 
only  good  customer  when  times  are  dull. 

Profits  that  get  as  far  as  the  cash  drawer 
ai-c  for  the  merchant  who  cultivates  the  cus- 
tomer who  cultivates  the  habit  of  .saving. 

Permanent  business,  expanding  business,  is 
the  object  of  the  business  man. 

Wise  spending  creates  today's  gains.  Wise 
saving  promotes  permanent  business — expand- 
ing business.  And  this  is  Avhat  we  are  all 
after. 


INVENTOKS  AND  BUSINESS  TALENT 


Economies  is  the  study  of  men's  efforts  to 
get  a  living. 


Quietness  denotes  efficiency.     Noise  is  fric- 
tion and  friction  is  wasteful. 

Stupidity  is  the  banc  of  efficiency. 


What  a  howl  youVl  hear  if  the  uiau  wlio  is 
always  talking-  about  "the  good  old  days" 
were  magically  whisked  back  50  years! 

Growth  is  the  natural  lavr  of  life. 


The  best  things  arc  sti 
onlv  knew  it. 


?.  if  we  moderns 


INVENTORS. 

Comparatively  few  inventors  rise  to  great 
fortune,  for  the  reason  that  they  ai'e  merely 
inventors  and  haven't  the  ability  to  market 
their  inventions.  They  are  cue,  two  or  three 
aee  men. 

Nov.-  an.d  then,  however,  we  liave  both  in- 
ventive genius  and  business  genius  in  the  same 
individual.  Like  the  fcur-ac?  liand  of  cards, 
this  is  a  rare  and  profitable  eoiubiiialion. 

Tliree  outstanding  examples  of  tliis  d()ul>li' 
genius  are  (icoi'ge  SU'p!un!-(in,  William  Sie- 
nu'us  and  Thomas  Edison. 

Sti-iilieiison  was  the  inv<';it(ir  of  the  locomo- 
tive, lie  not  only  l>uilt  the  Hrst  sueccsful 
loeomolivc.  but  wa  ;  the  father  of  the  railway 
system  of  England. 

The  Stockton  and  Darlingto:i  Railway, 
-which  he  built  and  opened  in  1825,  was  the 
first  regularly  operated  steam  line  in  the  world 
for  freight  and  pas.-^engcrs. 

He  advanced  from  one  success  to  another. 
serving  as  consulting  engineer  of  practically 
every  new  railroad  projected,  and  entered  into 
business  on  his  own  account  on  a  large  scale. 

William  Siemens  and  his  brother,  Werner, 
perfected  a  series  of  important  inventions,  each 


one  of  which  they  marketed  Avith  great  profit 
to  themselves. 

An  electroplating  process,  a  differential 
governor  for  steam  engines  and  the  regener- 
ation gas  furnace  for  iron  and  steel  working 
were  among  the  devices  developed. 

The  brothers  built  up  an  international  busi- 
ness devoted  to  the  manufacture  of  electrical 
devices.  The  British  factory  in  Kent  occupied 
six  acres  and  employed  over  2,000  hands. 


The  career  of  Thomas  Edi'on  is  familial-  to 
most  of  us,  his  contributions  to  science  and 
cvv  :y(la\-  life  mounting  into  hundreds. 

Numerous  companies  bear  the  name  of  Edi- 
son, and  his  associates  say  that  his  personality 
is  expressed  in  all  his  business  enterprises.  He 
outlines  their  policies  and  picks  his  partners 
and  executives.  IL'  is  probably  a  multi-mil- 
lionaire. 


Charles  Tellier,  the  inventor  of  c^ild  stoi-age, 
died  of  starvaticn. 

Rui!oIi)h  Die  I'l,  iiivriitor  of  the  Diesel  en- 
gine, (lied  bankrupt,  under  conditions  that 
strongly  suggested  suicide. 

Daiiiel  Di-avbaugh  perfected  scores  of  use- 
ful <ievices.  Among  them  was  a  telephone, . 
patent  p;!pei's  foi-  v.-hich  he  filed  the  same  day 
Alexander  Giaham  EcU  tiled  his,  and  which 
l(  st  out  in  the  ensuing  case  liefore  the  Su|ii-eiiie, 
<'ourt.     Drawbaugh  died  poor  at  84. 

Why  do  not  mci'e  in\'entors  supplement 
their  lack  of  ability  and  experience  as  business 
men  by  fcrming  partnerships  with  men  who 
po  se  s  these  qualities? 

This  was  done  in  the  famous  cond)ination  of 
Matthew  Boulton  and  James  Watt.  Watt, 
inventor  of  the  first  efficient  steam  engine, 
was  a  failure  financially,  iintil  he  met  Boulton, 
who  had  capital,  energy  and  business  instinct. 
Combination  of  the  two  into  the  firm  of  Boul- 
ton and  Watt  resulted  in  one  of  the  most  suc- 
cessful and  profitable  entei-prises  of  their  time. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


We  frequently  hear  the  question  asked, 
"Has  an  advertisement  in  the  Saturday  Even- 
ing Post  as  good  a  chance  of  being  read  today 
as  it  had  five  years  ago?" 

Of  course  it  has,  as  there  are  many  more 
people  to  read  it. 

Afore  people  are  reading  advertisements  to- 
day 1han  ever  before. 


M.  F.  Williams  remarks: 

We  frequently  hear  the  following:  "If  I 
had  only  have  been  a  young  man  when  the  era 
of  big  business  began  in  this  country  I  could 
have  accomplished  something.  He  says  to 
himself,  "All  good  things  are  gone  now.  Busi- 
ness has  perfected  itself.  What  chance  has  a 
man  today  without  capital?" 

All  this  is  nonsense.  The  opportunities  of 
today  exceed  those  of  any  period  in  our  conii- 
tr\''s  history.  Probably  more  fortunes  were 
made  in  the  pait  five  years  than  the  ;orevious 
tMcnty.  It  is  possible  that  more  will  be  made 
in  the  next  twenty-five  than  in  th«  pre\'ious 
c:jrcui-y. 

Some  have  thought  that  the  building  of 
movie  picture  houses  had  been  overdone,  and 
the  business  due  for  a  collapse,  and  the  n'ovie 
business  has  tripled  and,  in  fact,  just  st;.)i-ted. 
Thev  are  a  great  source  of  learning. 


The  United  States  is  the  most  fertile  field  in 
the  world  for  advertising.  A  dollar  spen:  in 
advertising  in  the  good  old  U.  S.  A.  will  be 
more  fruitful  than  several  times  that  amount 
spent  in  Europe. 


Whether  our  own  nation  can  stand  prosperity 
will  depend  upon  the  discipline  wc  administer 
to  ourselves.  If  we  enter  upon  a  riot  of  waste- 
ful consumption,  another  nation  adopting  the 
work-bench  philosophy  will  own  ns  in  a  few 
generations. 


The  work-bench  philosopher  does  not  ap- 
prove of  a  man  owning  a  dozen  automobiles, 
four  or  five  private  residences,  and  maintaining 
a  large  retinue  of  servants. 

The  work-bench  philosophers  say  that  of  all 
the  members  of  a  community  those  who  retire 
early  in  life  are  the  very  men  who  should  con- 
tinue at  work  for  the  longest  periods.  The 
fact  that  a  man  can  accumulate  a  fortune  suf- 
ficient to  keep  him  in  idleness,  after  the  age  of 
fifty  or  even  sooner,  is  evidence  that  he  is 
highly  productive.  His  particular  talent  is 
rare. 

He  is,  let  us  say,  the  type  of  man  who  can 
promote,  organize  and  operate  a  large  factory. 
When  such  a  man  quits  work  twenty  j'ears 
ahead  of  time  the  community  loses  not  only 
his  labor,  but  suffers  in  the  reduced  efficiency 
of  perhaps  a  thousand  others,  who  might  be 
dependent  on  this  one  man  for  directing  genius. 

A  nation  of  work-bench  philosophers  is  never 
a  decadent  nation ;  its  civilization  is  never 
weak. 


A  work-bench  philosopher  is  always  a  desir- 
able citizen — a  useful  member  of  society.  The 
foundation  of  Anaerica  \s  prosperity  was  laid  by 
men  and  M'omen  who  took  this  view  of  life. 


Failure  is  harder  than  success.  Who  works 
the  harder,  the  man  who  saunters  down  to  the 
train  ahead  of  time  or  the  one  who  misses  it 
Ijv  fifteen  secoiuls  after  runninsi'  three  blocks'; 


Kindness  and  courtesy  would  be  seen  oftener 
if  some  people  didn't  mistake  the  former  for 
weakness  and  the  latter  for  cowardice. 


HIGH  COST  OF  LIVING. 

A  grand  jury  in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  conducted 
m  investigation  into  the  high  cost  of  living, 
uid  at  the  conclusion  of  three  weeks  of  testi- 


CHRISTOPHER  LATHAM  SHOLES 


mouy  from  over  a  hundred  witnesses  the  mem- 
bers said  they  were  of  the  opinion  that  igno- 
rance was  the  prime  cause  of  most  economic 
waste. 


"DO  JUSTICE— NOT  REVENGE." 

It  costs  a  lot  of  money  to  die  comfortably, 
unless  one  goes  oft"  suddenly. 

The    greatest    of    these    is    not    charity    but 
printers"  ink,  properly  distrilnited. 


"In  passing  along  Broadway  I  notice  your 
many  buildings.  I  remember  thirty  or  thirty- 
five  years  ago  (however,  to  be  correct,  it  was 
in  1886)  when  you  sold  me  my  first  clay  pul- 
verizer. How  you  have  grown  since  that  time. ' ' 
He  stated  all  due  to  advertising,  which  is  cor- 
rect. Judicious  advertising,  backed  up  with 
energv. 


Thomas  X.  Carver,  the  Harvard  economist, 


Cut   No.  265 


"All  good  things  gone!'"  The  idea  that  all 
good  things  are  gone  is  fallacy.  Greater  are 
the  chances  each  day.  Capital  is  always  look- 
ing for  good  investment. 


Ag;i 
ink. 


the   proper   distribution   of  printers' 


The  other  night  I  met  an  old  acquaintance 
at  the  Mining  Congress  in  our  Old  Southern 
Hotel  (long  since  abandoned),  and  he  remarked 
to  me,  "Williams,  how  you  have  grown."  (So 
much  for  advertising.) 


divides  all  people  into  two  classes,  according 
to  the  view  they  take  of  life : 

One  class,  he  states,  includes  those  who  l)e- 
lieve  that  the  sole  object  of  production  is  con- 
sumption ;  that  our  purpose  here  on  earth  is  to 
cat,  drink  and  be  merry. 

While  the  other  class  comprises  those  whose 
M'orking  philosophy  of  life  is  exactly  opposite 
to  this  theory;  their  creed  is  Carlyle's — "Pro- 
duce! Produce!"  They  believe  that  we  a?'e 
here  on  earth  to  produce  and  keep  on  produc- 
ing. This  class  he  calls  the  "work-bench  phi- 
losophers." 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


THE  EARLY  HISTORY  OF  THE  TYPE- 
WRITER. 

Christopher  Latham  Sholes.  the  Father  of  the 
Typewriter,  boru  Februarj-  14th,  1819 ;  died 
February  17th,  1890. 


The  first  practical  typewriter  made  its  ap- 
pearance at  St.  Lonis,  Mo..  U.  S.  A.,  called  a 
printing  machine,  and  was  exhibited  in  the 
office  of  Walbridge,  Allen  and  Weller,  steno- 
graphic I'eporters.  It  was  a  machine  for  print- 
ing which  they  used  in  transcribing  their  notes. 
It  was  the  invention  of  Hon  C.  L.  Sholes  of 
Milwaukee,  a  practical  printer  and  prominent 
citizen.  It  was  capable  of  printing  50  words 
per  minute,  the  impressions  being  all  in  capital 
letters.  Its  principal  advantages  Avere  in  pro- 
ducing legible  copies,  and  has  been  a  joy  to  all 
business  houses  of  any  repute,  and  has  almost 
entirely  superseded  the  tT'anscription  of  docu- 
ments by  hand.  This  incident  occurred  January 
15,  1868. 

The  old  long-hand  amanuensis  must  tcday 
step  aside  for  the  typewriter. 


TYPEWRITERS. 


The  Williams  Patent  Crusher  &  Pulverizer 
Comijany  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  U.  S.  A.,  have  no 
less  than  one  dozen  typewriters,  a  duplicator 
of  the  latest  form  and  an  addressograph  for  a 
mailing  list  of  200.000  names. 

All  the  wealth  of  this  world  is  the  result 
of  toil  and  self-denial. 

If  all  the  capital  of  the  United  States  was 
distributed  among  the  workers  it  would  only 
equal  two  or  three  days'  wages. 

Any  person  having  a  hundred  dollars  depos- 
ited in  a  savings  bank  is  a  capitalist,  just  the 
same  as  a  millionaire — he  differs  onl.y  in  degree. 

Just  charge  it  to  the  sand  bank  and  the  rain 
will  settle  it. 


When  the  boss  places  an  0.  K.  on  your  work 
it  doesn't  always  mean  he  is  entirely  satisfied. 
He  maj'  be  in  a  hurry  to  get  out  to  the  golf 
links.  (M.  F.  Williams  never  played  golf  in 
his  life.) 


ACCUMULATING  A  SURPLUS. 

Now,  the  very  fact  that  a  man  possesses  the 
ability  to  accumulate  a  surplus  by  the  time  he 
is  60,  sufficient  to  keep  him  in  idleness  for  the 
rest  of  his  life,  is  positive  proof  that  is  exactly 
the  type  of  man  whom  the  community  ought  to 
keep  at  work. 

When  a  man  who  is  ripe  in  experience  and 
constructive  ability  quits  work  at  60  it  is  very 
nice  for  some  young  man  who  has  been  waiting 
for  a  chance  to  try  himself  out  in  the  old  man's 
job,  Init  that  is  a  poor  way  for  the  community 
to  find  .jobs  for  its  .young  men. 

It  is  to  the  advantage  of  the  nation  to  keep 
its  industrial  builders  in  harness  just  as  long 
as  it  can. 

Had  Edison  retii'cd  at  50  and  enjoyed 
"graceful  leisure"  during  the  last  twenty 
years,  the  cost  to  the  nation  would  have  been 
incalculable.  What  is  true  of  Edison  is  also 
true  in  a  greater  or  less  degree  of  at  least  a 
score  of  other  Americans  of  the  last  generation. 


Idleness  is  always  waste. 

The  ambition  to  live  in  idleness  should  always 
be  discouraged,  just  as  we  discourage  any  other 
form  of  waste. 

Follow  the  good  roads — they  lead  to  good 
towns. 


No  one  except  a  fool  claims  full  credit  for 
his  own  success.  And,  by  the  same  token,  no 
one  but  a  fool  would  hold  any  one  individual 
entirely  responsible  for  a  failure. 

The  fact  that  we  are  all  interdependent  does 
not  alter  the  truth  of  Emerson's  observation, 
t'lial  an  institution  is  but  the  lengthened  shadow 
of  a  man. 


WORK— SAVE— THINK 


What  you  will  lie  tomorrow  depends  upon 
wluit  you  save  today.  BUY  WAR  SAVING 
STAMPS. 


Do  yon  I'ememlier  the  good  old  days  when 
two  eculd  live  cheaper  than  one? 


Those  in  the  class  who  remember  when  tlie 
dealer  threw  in  a  pair  of  suspenders  with  a 
hand-me-down  suit  will  please  raise  their 
hands. 


Wases  a  I 
duction. 


not  a  factor  in  the  cost  of 


What  profiteth  it  a  man  if  he  earns  $10  a 
day  and  is  then  forced  to  spend  his  entire  pay 
in  bnyinp,-  the  necessities  of  life?  That  is  the 
situation  into  wliieh  wc  are  drifting. 


We  are  dissatisfied  with  ourselves  when 
meeting  a  man  with  less  sense  than  we  have 
and  who  earns  more  than  we  do — until  we  meet 
another  man  with  more  sense  who  earns  less. 


After  a  hair  cut  some  men  look  likc>  the  little 
boys  who  wash  their  faces  and  forget  their 
necks. 


A   beautiful   day    is   the   smile   of   the   0 
Spirit. 


In  one  way  or  another,  every  active  persoii 
works  for  somebody  else — we  ai-e  all  bound  up 
in  the  same  bundle  of  life. 


If  we  read  the  signs  correctly,  the  labor 
troubles  of  this  country  will  be  solved  in  the 
individual  workshops,  and  not  by  a  political 
commission  in  Washington. 


Wise  employers  are  studying  their  own  par- 
ticular problems  and  working  out  their  own 
plans  without  waiting  for  the  politicians  and 
walking  delegates  to  tell  them  what  to  do. 


We  think  this  is  not  only  the  i-ight  way  but 
the  American  way  for  employer  and  employed 
to  get  together.  Neither  employers  nor  em- 
ployed want  a  Washington-made  labor  formula 
handed  to  them.  The  problem  is  too  complex 
for  any  formula  to  be  universally  applicable 
uo  matter  how  good  it  may  be.  More  thinking 
and  less  feeling  by  both  sides  should  be  in- 
dulged in;  this  course,  in  each  individual  fac- 
tory, mine,  department  store  and  office,  will 
ultimately  result  in  a  mutually  satisfactory  ar- 
rangement. A  patent  nostrum  injected  from 
the  outside  pleases  no  one. 


We  are  convinced  that  the  great  mass  of 
labor  is  honestly  anxious  to  do  a  full  day's 
work  for  a  full  day's  pay. 


We  do  not  tli 
gripped  more  t 
of  this  country. 


It  el 


inseionsui 
nt   of  tlie 


Democracy  has  been  defined  aa  a  state  of 
order  and  system-effieieney. 

Our  own  Constitution  of  the  United  States 
has  been  detiiied  by  many  good  minds,  as  a 
masterful  doennu'nt  for  the  lU'derly  conduct  of 
a  government. 

Our  forefathei's  were  demoei'atic  in  the  sense 
that  they  thought  with  order  and  system. 

The  mass  of  the  people  who  comprised  the 
colonial  revolutionists  were  fitted  for  self- 
government  by  the  orderly  and  systematic  dis- 
cussion of  all  their  public  affairs  in  town  meet- 
ings for  many  years  previous  to  the  American 
Revolution,  and  in  those  good  old  days  Bol- 
shevism was  not  known. 


A  modern  business  is  democratic  for  it  in- 
volves order  and  system. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Some  of  the  big  busines  institutions  were  the 
first  to  distribute  educational  literature  to  their 
employees.  There  is  a  real  hope  for  democracy 
in  l)ig  business,  for  it  is  finding  that  the  ex- 
ploiting- of  the  public  and  its  help,  does  not  pay. 
There  is  more  money  in  the  larger  market 
which  comes  as  a  result  of  increased  purchasing 
power — the  prosperity  of  both  its  help  and  the 
pulilic. 

There  is  no  hope  for  a  higher  democracy  in 
any  of  the  radical  movements — that  is,  for  a 
democracy  that  will  make  men  dear  and  goods 
cheap;  for  the  socialists  seek- self-employment; 
the.y  resent  the  will  of  the  employer  which  is 
exerted  to  get  things  done  and  not  for  the 
pleasure  of  being  mean. 

"We  will  never  have  a  democracy  according 
to  the  ideals  of  the  dreamer  until  we  ai'e  all 
able  to  Avork  without  the  will  of  the  boss — and 
that  will  never  come;  for  the  boss's  will  is  too 
often  confused  by  the  slothful  as  being  the  will 
of  a  despot  rather  than  the  will  for  systematic, 
orderly  efficient  responsil)ility. 


THE  WISDOM  OP  MEN. 


Collectively,   men 
iudividuallv. 


re   wiser   than   thev   are 


The  encouragements  to  thrift  to  induce  s.ys- 
tematie  savings  are  so  great  today  that  any 
man  or  woman  who  does  not  acquire  the  habit 
of  laying  aside  a  little  money  every  week  now- 
can  only  blame  themselves  in  later  years  if 
misfoi'tune  overtakes  them. 

Liberty  Bonds  and  War  Saving  Stamps  liter- 
ally shout  their  message  from  the  housetops: 

SAVE  FOR  YOUR  COUNTRY. 
SAVE  FOR  YOUR  FREEDOM. 
SAVE  TO  SAVE  YOURSELF. 

Cost  is  the  amount  of  energy  expended  to 
produce  a  thing. 

It  takes  a  wise  man  to  make  a  thing  fool- 
proof. 


Don't  let  idle  slacker  dollars  accumulate — - 
turn  them  into  thrift  stamps. 

The  success  of  successors  to  a  business  is 
often  the  profit  of  the  mistakes  of  the  prede- 
cessors. 

Success  becomes  a  matter  of  hindsight  rather 
than  foresight. 

Very  often  there  seems  to  be  more  of  a  chance 
of  success  on  top  of  a  failure  than  the  initial 
start. 

The  head  of  a  big  business  has  to  sit  in  .judg- 
ment about  as  often  as  the  average  court. 

Every  gain  we  make  is  the  result  of  venture. 
We  stand  upright  because  our  ancestors  in  the 
animal  kingdom  ventured  to  walk  on  two  legs. 

Learning  to  \\'alk  is  a  venture. 

Learning  to  talk  is  a  venture. 

Watch  a  babe  as  it  struggles  to  acquire  the 
sense  of  equilibrium  for  walking  and  to  artic- 
ulate the  words  for  talking. 

P>ut  age  does  not  quiet  all  venturesome 
spirits.  In  the  field  of  business  are  thousands 
of  men  who  have  passed  the  60  and  70  milepost. 
and  who  are  still  the  aggressive  and  domi- 
nating spirits  back  of  the  institutions  they  have 
created. 

In  seeking  health  it  is  about  as  easy  to  eat 
lightly  as  it  is  to  take  nine  different  kinds  of 
medicine. 

Till'  commercial  mind  is  the  keenest  mind,  for 
there  is  a  selfish  interest  incentive. 

Thrift  is  might,  and  might  must  win — Buy 
Thrift  Stamps. 

An  old  saying  has  it,  that  since  there  is  some 
good  in  the  worst  of  us  and  some  bad  in  the 
best  of  us,  that  it  little  behoves  the  least  of  us 
to  talk  aliout  the  rest  of  us. 


There  is  more  lost  by  bein^ 
there  is  by  taking  time. 


in  a  hurrv  than 


The  acts  of  well-intentioned  fools  are  often 
more  disastrous  than  those  of  designiuR-  knaves. 


STUDY— THINK— ACT 


It  doesn't  take  the  relatives  as  long  to  re- 
cover from  the  shock  of  a  sudden  death  of  a 
rich  and  eccentric  uncle  as  it  does  from  the  fact 
that  he  didn't  leave  "em  anything. 

The  national  assets  of  the  United  States  equal 
the  combined  -wealth  of  Great  Britain,  Russia, 
France  and  Italy.  America  today  has  two  and 
a  quarter  times  as  much  wealth  as  Great 
Britain ;  four  times  as  mueli  as  France  and  eight 
times  as  much  as  Italy. 

Oui-  gold  reserve  of  about  .-i^:j,000,000,000  is 
more  than  oi'.c-third  cf  the  world's  total.  Our 
weahli  is  more  than  $2,000  for  every  man, 
woman  and  child  in  the  country.  This  is  the 
richest  nation  in  all  history.  Xi/w  think  of  the 
next  Liberty  Loan — and  be  ready. 

The  imaginative  emotionalism  of  the  Bolshe- 
viki  will  not  take  root  in  this  country  because 
our  people  are  too  well  schooled  in  the  prin 
ciples  of  democracv. 


Speaking  of 
you  ever  see  an 


i-hild  having  a   tantru 
I  motln:'r  dog  shake  her 


Experience  is  a  large  part  of  tlie  going  value 
of  any  business. 

Inaction  in  lu-ace  is  as  liad  as  inaction  in 
war — (_'ari-y  on! 

The  business  of  Swift  &  Company  today  is 
not  radically  different  from  the  business  of 
Gus  Swift  at  the  time  he  dressed  a  lone  heifer. 
Instead  of  one  heifer,  the  company  now  dresses 
several  thousand  each  day.  Instead  of  one  em- 
ployee, the  company  now  has  thousands.  In- 
stead of  a  capital  of  eighteen  dollars,  the  in- 
vestment is  millions. 

The  figures  have  changed  but  the  jninciple 
remains  the  same. 

Our  industries  must  grow  witli  the  country 
or  drop  out  of  the  race. 

If  we  want  small  industries  only  we  will 
have  to  devise  a  way  to  stop  the  United  States 
from  growing. 

NATURE  YIELDS  NOTHING  WITHOUT 
LABOR. 


Some  of  us  never  graduate  from  the  Univer- 
sity of  Hard  Knocks.  The  person  who  does 
makes  the  best  business  man  or  woman. 

Education  teaches  men  and  women  how  to 
think,  but  not  how  to  act.  They  have  got  to 
go  to  the  school  of  experience  and  practice  what 
they  have  learned  in  order  to  get  anywhere. 

A  stenographic,  school  turns  out  a  stenog- 
rapher, and  she  thinks  she  is  finished.  When 
she  enters  a  business  office,  give  her  the  word 
to  spell  and  write  abracadabi-ocadudubdan- 
stanshiality.  she  is  stumped. 

Somebody  said  that  the  last  resort  of  the 
complex  is  the  simplex. 

There  is  no  formula  by  which  a  man  can 
insure  himself  of  riches. 

But  there  is  a  formula  by  whicli  he  can  insure 
himself  against  po^-erty. 


SPECIAL  PRTVILEOES. 

Special  privilege  may  helji  to  retain  a  for- 
tune, but  some  exceptional  quality  was  re<|uired 
to  gain  the  special  privileges. 

Special  privilege  is  not  the  basis  of  riches 
as  the  socialists  so  fondly  assert,  for  most  men 
who  now  own  so-called  privileges  in  America 
began  life  as  poor  boys  with  no  assets  except 
their  hands  and  brains. 

ECONOMY 

Economy  is  simply  a  study  of  the  problems 
of  income  and  expenditure. 

What's  become  of  the  old-time  sitting  room, 
hard-coal  base-burner  stove  that  looked  like  a 

fiT'e  engine? 

EATING  TOO  MUCH 

Eating  too  much  is  America's  first  aid  to  a 
funeral. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


There  are  certain  nations — Germany,  for  in- 
stance— in  which  the  lacking  element  was  char- 
acter.   A  trner  saying  never  was  said. 

Coin  thi-ift  into  Thrift  Stamps. 

TOO  BUSY 

There  is  such  a  thing  as  a  man  being  too  busy 
for  the  amount  of  lirains  he  has  to  guide  him. 

FOOD  CONTEOLLER 

The  weather  is  the  real  and  final  food  con- 
troller. 

A  crop  failure  so  far  as  to  spell  a  world  fam- 
ine is  humanly  impossible;  the  wovaX  might 
spell  more  conservation. 

Without  regulation  cf  cur  wheat,  flour  \^"ould 
today  be  $40  a  barrel,  instead  of  at  a  universnl 
price  of  practically  $12. 

A  MAXOIUil  OF  C'OiOIOX  SENSE 

The  future  belongs  to  the  pi'ogressive,  for- 
ward-looking men  of  all  factions,  both  laborer 
and  capitalist,  and  not  the  reactionist  or  incen- 
diary. Business  must  be  clothed  with  a  spirit 
cf  accommodation,  and  any  element  opposed  to 
a  meeting  of  minds  hai  no  place  in  the  present 
future  of  this  country. —  (Bulletin  cf  the  Arae;-- 
ican  Exchange  National  Bank,  New  York.) 

OUR  CONSTITUTION 

Gladstone  once  said  that  the  American  Con- 
stitution was  the  most  wonderful  work  evei' 
conceived  and  struck  off  by  the  hand  of  man. 
Any  successful  attempt  to  overthrow  that  Con- 
stitution would  immediatel.v  plunge  this  coun- 
try into  a  state  of  chaos — such  as  Russia  is  now 
engulfed  in. 

ABEAHA:\I  LINCOLN  ON  A^IERICANIS:\I 

' '  Let  every  American,  every  lover  of  liberty, 
every  well-wisher  of  his  posterity,  swear  by  the 
blood  of  the  Revolution  never  to  violate  in  the 
least  particular  the  laws  cf  the  country,  and 
never  to  tolerate  their  violation  by  others.  Let 
reverence  for  the  laws  be  breathed  by  every 
American  mother  to  the  lisping  babe  that  prat- 


tles on  her  lap ;  let  it  bs  taught  in  the  schools, 
in  seminaries  and  in  colleges;  let  it  be  written 
in  the  primers,  in  spslling  books,  and  in  alma- 
nacs; let  it  be  preached  from  pulpits,  pro- 
claimed in  legislative  halls  and  enforced  in 
courts  of  justice.  And  in  short,  let  it  become 
the  political  religion  of  the  Nation ;  and  let  the 
old  and  the  young,  tho  rich  and  the  poor,  the 
grave  and  the  gay  of  all  cexes  and  tongues  and 
colors  and  ccnditicns,  sacrifice  unceasingly 
upon  its  altars." — (Abraham  Lincoln.) 

GEORGE  WASHINGTON  ON  GOVERNMENT 

"This  government  .  .  .  has  a  just  claim 
to  your  confidence  and  your  support.  Respect 
for  its  authority,  compliance  with  its  laws,  ac- 
quierccncc  in  its  measures,  are  duties  enjoined 
by  the  fundamental  maxirrs  cf  true  liberty." — 
(George  Washington.) 


OUR  GOVERNMENT 

Th^s  governm_cnt  is  nothing  more  than  the  ex- 
pression of  the  people,  and  if  we  are  to  win  the 
war  it  will  be  only  because  every  man,  woman 
and  child  charges  himself  daily  and  hourly 
with  the  test:  Does  this  or  that  contribute  to 
win  the  war? 

—  THEREFORE  — 

"Let  our  object  be  cur  country,  our  whole 
countiy,  and  nothing  but  our  country;  and 
by  the  blessing  of  God,  may  that  country  itself 
become  a  vast  and  splendid  monument — not  of 
oppression  and  terror,  but  of  wisdom,  of  peace, 
and  of  liberty — upon  which  the  world  may  gaze 
with  admiration," — (Daniel  Webster,) 

CAPITAL 

Capital  is  the  harness  of  natural  resources. 
It  raiides  and  assists  the  energy  of  Labor  to  pro- 
duce useful  results. 

WILLIA]\I  PENN 

William  Penn,  in  founding  Pennsylvania, 
made  only  one  crime  punishable  by  death:  that 
of  willful  murder.  He  also  established  work- 
houses instead  of  prisons,  for  he  said  that  idle- 
ness was  the  cause  of  most  crimes. 


THE  POWEE  OF  WILL 


DREAMS 

Dreams  of  the  future  are  more  interestiug 
than  the  history  of  the  past,  Init  castles  in  the 
air  are  not  limited  liy  time  or  place. 

LARGE  BUSINESSES 

Some  of  the  largest  businesses  today  are 
wholly  the  result  of  the  education  of  the  pros- 
pective buyers.  Therefore,  business  sagacity  is 
shown  l)y  judicious  advertising  of  what  one  has 
to  sell. 

PATRIOTIS:\I 

The  best  patriot  these  days  is  tlic  man  who 
says  little  and  does  much. 

THE  STAR  SPAXGLED  BANNER 

Li  1S14  tlie  "Star  Si)angled  Banner"  was 
written  during  the  war  of  1S12  by  Francis 
Sentt  Key,  an  American  prisoner  who  was 
watcliing  the  bombardment  of  Foi't  McHeiiry 
from  one  of  the  l>i-itish  boMts.  When  nmrning 
came  Key  saw  that  the  Amei-ican  flag  wa;  :;till 
flying  ami  wa-;  inspired  to  wi'itc  the  ]iatri;)tic 
song. 

Judge  Nicholson,  of  Baltimoi'e,  aftei'wards 
discovered  that  the  words  fitted  "'Anacreon  in 
Heaven,"  an  old  English  song,  and  the  "Star 
Spangled  Banner"  ])ecame  our  National  An- 
them. 

GOING  TO  FRANf'E 

Lieutenant  Rnyiinmd  Harney,  who  wa'-; 
amongst  the  fii-st  to  go  to  France  as  a  meudicr 
of  the  United  States  Medical  Corps,  says  that  a 
humar,  bcinsr  can  stand  more  abuse  than  any 
ether  animal. 

THK  LIVES  OF  A  FEW  GREAT  MEN 

Read  the  lives  of  Washington,  Lincoln,  Glad- 
stone, Stanley,  IlaiTinian,  Jlorgan, — and  you 
will  find  a  tremendous  will  power  dominating 
their  lives. 


Lincoln's  will  held  our  states  together  in  the 
rebellion  of  the  '60 's.  Lincoln  was  cramped  for 
money  to  carry  on  the  war,  and  I  claim  (M.  F. 
Williams)  that  Lincoln  was  the  greatest  char- 
acter God  ever  made,  up  to  his  time. 


Staidey's  will  ena 
Africa. 


him  to  penetrate  dark 


Washington's  will  held   oui'  little 
;-ether  in  the  War  of  the  Revolution, 


armv    to- 


Harriman'.s  will  laid  railroad  ties  through 
virgin  fields  (and  died  too  early  in  life). 

Morgan's  will  (that  is.  J.  P.)  created  the 
United  States  Steel  Corporation — a  very  great 
blessing  and  not  a  curse  to  mankind,  and  the 
great,  great  steel  strike  attempted  in  October, 
191!),  is  now  a  thing  of  the  past.  INIany  thanks 
to  tlie  g-.'cat  American  pubUe. 


the 


le  s  ^^■lll   wr 
oks  of  Kngl 


\\  legislation  on 


Some  of  those  old  fellows  who  finally  declare 
that  life  isn't  worth  living  seem  to  have  had  a 
good  time  finding  it  out. 

BLUE   MONDAY 

:\Ir.  p..  n.  Arnold  of  tlie  General  Electric 
Comiviny  says  he  has  been  able  to  eliminate 
"Blue  ilonday." 

He  has  done  it  by  cutting  out  a  heavy  Sun- 
day dinner.  JM.  F.  Williams,  the  author  of  this 
book,  commenced  cutting  out  dinner  in  his  72nd 
year  and  believes  that  by  so  doing  longevity 
will  ensue;  and  I  can  truthfully  say  that  I  feel 
lietter  for  it.  In  regard  to  eating  too  miicli,  the 
second  helping  r.ever  tastes  a;  good  as  the 
first. 

THE  RIGHT  SORT  OF  A  PERSON 

A   fello\\'  wlio   is  the   riulit   sort   i)reaches  to 


SELF-PRAISE 

Don't  lilaine  a  successful  man  for  bragging  a 
bit — no  one  with  a  good  catch  of  fish  goes  home 
by  the  way  of  the  back  alley. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


EDUCATION  AND  INFORMATION 

Children  in  the  movies  are  seen  and  not 
heard. 

Fifty  years  ago  the  man  who  had  the  equiva- 
lent of  a  modern  high  school  education  was 
considered  a  learned  individual. 

The  real  purpose  of  education  is  not  to  give 
information  but  to  give  pc-ople  an  understand- 
ing that  will  enable  them  to  use  information. 

A  SMALL  BEGINNING 

Don't  be  afraid  of  a  small  beginning.  One 
grain  of  corn,  if  allowed  to  reproduce  iinhin- 
dered,  would  in  a  few  years  produce  about 
three  million  bushels. 

SUCCESS 

Our  success  depends  on  how  well  we  can  ex- 
press ourselves  in  terms  of  work. 

HONESTY 

As  a  matter  of  fact,  statistics  show  that  about 
99  per  cent  of  the  people  are  honest. 

JOHN  BARLEYCORN 

John  Barleycorn  is  dead,  but  he  left  a  whole 
lot  of  poor  relations. 

PSYCHOLOGY 

The  psychologists  say  men  do  their  best 
thinking  when  they  are  frightened.  So  scare 
me  again,  please. 

BREAKING  A  RECORD 

We  may  not  be  able  to  break  the  other  fel- 
low's record,  but  we  can  at  least  try  to  break 
our  own  record. 

ADVERTISING 

For  every  dishonest,  crooked  advertiser, 
there  are  a  thousand  honest  ones. 

There  is  no  expedient  to  which  a  man  will 
not  resort  to  avoid  the  real  labor  of  thinking. — 
(Sir  John  Reynolds). 


PRIZE  FIGHTING 

Why  is  it  that  a  plug-ugly  prize  fighter  is 
known  to  countless  millions,  while  no  one  re- 
members the  name  of  the  inventor  of  a  useful 
device  like  the  seM'ing  machine? 

PHILOSOPHY       . 

Some  philosopher  has  said  there  is  little  that 
the  human  mind  can  conceive  that  is  not  pos- 
sible of  accomplishment.  The  thing  to  do  is  to 
make  up  your  mind  what  you  are  going  to 
drive  for  a  goal  and  let  nothing  stand  in  the 
way  of  its  ultimate  accomplishment. 

OUR  BEST  FRIEND 

Anyone  who  tells  us  what  is  wrong  and  fails 
to  offer  a  remedy  is  our  enemy  and  is  dishon- 
est ;  but  any  one  who  tells  us  what  is  -wrong  and 
helps  us  to  make  it  right  is  our  best  friend. 


RESULTS 


Unusual  results   are  the 
methods. 


^ults   of   unusual 


Progress    implies 
work  against. 


resistance — something    to 


The  Romans  first  built  good  roads,  for  the 
benefit  of  all  countries — Spain,  Germany,  Hun- 
gary, Macedonia,  Africa,  Asia  Minor,  England, 
Sicily,  Corsica,  and  Sardinia, — and  built  roads 
to  the  extent  of  fifty  thousand  miles,  before  any 
of  us  were  born  and  before  Columbus  discov- 
ered America.  Truly  "all  roads  lead  to  Rome" 
— some  of  these  roads  in  some  places  were  ten 
feet  deep  of  solid  stone — laid  by  Nature  ! 

Before  things  will  follow  our  waj'  we  have  to 
start  things  following  the  other  fellow's  waJ^ 

ARMOUR  &  COMPANY 

Armour  &  Co.,  getting  to  the  front,  have  the 
means  of  acquiring  the  best  lieutenants  for 
management  in  the  United  States,  but  they  do 
not  get  them  that  way.  How  do  they  get  them  ? 
They  select  from  their  own  ranks. 


NOTABLE  PEESONAGES 


THE  GOODS 

Delivering  the  goods  is  more  important  than 
getting  the  order. 

EDITORS 

Who  says  "brains  are  not  well  paid""?  Cyrus 
K.  Curtis,  who  publishes  the  "Ladies'  Home 
Journal,"'  pays  two  of  his  editors  sixty  thou- 
sand dollars  a  year  each. 

A  CROWD 

Nothing  will  attract  a  crowd  to  a  booster's 
meeting  (juicker  than  a  free  lunch. 

GREAT  DISCOVERERS 

It  was  Benjamin  Franklin  who  discovered 
electricity  from  lightning.  Everj^  age  has 
made  its  particular  contributions  to  progress 
of  mankind,  and  none  of  the  modern  day 
achievements  would  be  possible  were  it  not  for 
the  work  of  former  ages. 

Ivnowledge  is  cumulative — it  compounds  it- 
self like  interest.  Progress  is  in  geometrical 
progression — the  great  men  of  each  new  cen- 
tury are  able  to  draw  upon  the  painstaking  la- 

boi'  of  the  men  of  all  precoeding  ciiiturics. 

We  l)oast  of  our  modern  architecture,  our 
skyscrapers,  our  handsome  monumental  public 
buildings,  and  yet  the  Egyptians  in  1900  before 
Christ  erected  a  pyramid  that  Avas  4(J1  feet  high 
and  ciivci'i'il  i;j  acres  at  the  base. 


The  Greeks  in  500  I'.,  C.  built 
f   Athens — the   most    beautiful 


thenon 
of   all 


A1)out  this  time  Pythagoras  worked  out  the 
multiplication  table  which  we  use  today ; 

Euclid  developed  his  geometry  : 

Ai-chiiiiedi'S    foniuilateil    the    principles     of 

Ilijiparchus,  the  father  of  the  science  of 
asti'onomy.  discovered  the  precession  of  the 
eifuindxes ; 

Ai-tosthense  gave  us  the  liasis  of  our  modern 
geography ; 


Aesop  wrote  his  famous  fables  which  we  still 
buj-  for  our  children ; 

Thales  proclaimed  the  world  is  round. 

These  were  all  mighty  men  to  whom  we  owe 
a  great  deal. 

We  are  proud  of  our  modern  culture,  ex- 
pressed in  our  ability  to  support  symphony 
orchestras,  and  yet  the  genius  of  Homer,  of 
Pindar,  of  Sappho,  of  Ovid,  of  Aristophanes, 

still  compels  our  recognition. 

And  last  but  not  least,  it  was  left  to  IMilton 
Franklin  Williams,  born  of  humble  parents  in 
the  good  old  State  of  Ohio,  was  the  philoso- 
pher who  invented  and  placed  before  the  world 
the  hinged  hammer  principle  of  crushing  and 
grinding, — a  new  principle  in  mechanics,  one 
which  cannot  or  will  not  die,  but  will  go  on, 
and  on,  and  on,  ad  infinitum. 

THE  FIRST  WHITE  CHILD  BORX  IN  OHIO 

"The  following  account  of  the  first  white 
child  boi-n  in  Ohio  we  have  received  from  under 
her  own  hand.  She  is  the  daughter  of  Rev. 
John  Heekewelder,  whose  early  labors  as  a 
Moravian  missionary  among  the  Indians  are 
well  known.  From  the  great  accuracy  of  her 
memory,  and  from  the  beauty  of  her  handwrit- 
ing, as  well  as  from  her  easy  style  of  writing, 
we  are  led  to  hope  for  many  an  interesting  nar- 
rative from  our  fair  correspondent.  Ilei'  nar- 
I'ative,  we  trust,  will  not  embrace  merely  Indian 
history,  in  which  her  friends  say  she  is  real  pro- 
ficient, but  also  many  anecdotes  relative  to 
revolutionary  and  subsequent  times.  The  read- 
ers of  the  Pioneer  would,  among  other  things, 
be  much  interested  and  instructed  by  an  ac- 
count of  the  rise,  progress  and  regulations  of 
the  town  of  Bethlehem,  Pa.,  which  from  the 
singular  beauty  of  its  police  and  arrangements, 
has  always  been  an  object  of  admiration." 

The  above  was  without  date — just  below  it 
was  a  letter  addressed  to  John  Shoebi'idge  Wil- 
liams from  Bethlehem,  Pa.,  Feb.  24th,  1843. 
And  as  this  white  child  was  a  grown  woman, 
it  is  presumed  that  she  was  born  possildy  20 
yeai's  previously,  around  about  1820. 

— M.  F.  W. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


A     STATEMENT      OP     THE     CONDITION 

BROUGHT    ON    BY    THE  WORLD  WAR 

THAT  HAS  MY  FULL  SYMPATHY  AND 

WHICH   I   FULLY   SUBSCRIBE    TO 

• '  Place  :  Somewhere  in  America.    Date  :  Some 
time  lately. 
"To  my  Creditors — CTentlemen  : 

"If  it  were  possible,  I  would  ])e  glad  to  re- 
spond to  youi'  request  for  a  generous  subscrip- 
tion, Init  I  find  myself  unable  to  do  so  for  the 
following  I'easons; 

"I  have  been  held  up,  held  down,  sand- 
bagged, walked  on,  sat  on,  tiattened  out  and 
squeezed, — first  by  the  United  States  Govern- 
emnt  for  Federal  War  Tax,  the  Excess  Profits 
Tax ;  for  Liberty  Loan  and  Victory  Loan  Bonds, 
Thrift  Stamps,  War  Savings  Stamps-,  for  State, 
County,  City,  School,  Road  and  Bridge  Taxes ; 
the  capital  stock  tax,  merchant's  license,  auto 
tax, — and  by  every  Society  and  Organization 
that  inventive  mind  of  men  can  invent  or  con- 
ceive, to  extract  what  I  may  or  may  not  possess. 

"I  have  responded  to  the  appeals  of  the  So- 
ciety of  John  the  Baptist,  the  G.  A.  R.,  the 
Woman's  Relief,  the  Navy  League,  the  Red 
Cross,  the  Blue  Cross,  the  Black  Cross,  the 
Double  Cross,  the  Children's  Home,  the  Dorcas 
Society,  the  Jewish  Relief,  the  Armenian  Re- 
lief, and  every  hospital  in  town. 

"The  (4overinnent  has  so  governed  my  busi- 
ness that  I  don't  know  who  owns  it, — I  am 
inspected,  suspected,  examined  and  re-exam- 
ined, informed,  required  and  commanded,  so  I 
don't  know  who  I  am,  where  I  am,  or  why  I 
am  here. 

"All  I  knoAv  is:  I  am  expected  to  be  an  in- 
exhaustible supply  of  money  for  every  known 
need,  desire  or  hope  of  the  himian  race:  and 
because  I  will  not  sell  all  I  have  and  go  out  and 
beg,  borrow  or  steal  money  to  give  away,  I 
have  been  cussed,  discussed,  boycotted,  talked 
about,  lied  to,  lied  about,  held  up,  hung  up, 
robbed  and  nearly  ruined : — and  the  only  rea- 
son I  am  still  clinging  to  life  is  to  see  what  the 
hell  is  coming  next. 

"JOHN  DOE." 


December  29th,  1919. 

Shakespeare  raised  the  (piestion,  "What's  in 
a  name?" 

Records  recently  received  from  Washington, 
1).  C,  from  the  Bureau  of  War  Risk  Insurance, 
Avhere  there  are  on  file  more  than  four  million 
five  hundred  names  of  sailor.^,  marines  and  sol- 
diers, show  that  there  is  scmething  in  a  name. 

THE  JOHNSON  FAMILY 

The  Johnson  family,  a  well-known  family, 
leads  the  list  of  53,200  names, — just  of  soldiei's 
and  sailors  alone. 

THE  SJIITH  FAMILY 

A  triHe  more  than  51,000  names. 

THE  BROWN  FAMILY 
Have  -18,000  names, — they  lieing  third. 

THE  WILLIAMS  FAMILY 

Come  to  the  front  Avitli  47,000  names.  Then 
in  their  order  come: 

THE  JONESES— 28,050  names  strong; 

THE   ANDERSON  FAMILY— 22,000 ; 

THE  WALKER  FAMILY— 8,500. 


THE  JOHNSON  FAMILY 

Of  the  53,200—2138-  were  christened  John, 
a]id  2062  were  William  Johnsons,  while  the  fa- 
vorite Christian  name  in  the  Smith  family  is 
William.  John  was  the  given  name  of  2625 
Smiths. 

Of  the  48,000  Browns  who  wore  the  uniform 
in  the  late  war  2000  were  named  plain  John 
Brown. 

Of  the  WILLIAMS  FAjMILY,  280  signed  up 
as  WILLIE  WILLIAMS  and  170  as  WILLIAM 
WILLIAMS. 

There  were  900  JOHN  ANDERSONS— 800 
were  christened  Karl  and  600  Charles. 


SBIILAR  NAMES 


THE  O'BRIEN  FAMILY 

Fifty  Mere  named  Mary  A.  John  J.  0 'Brien, 
a  soldier,  wrote  to  the  Bureau  of  War  Risk  In- 
surance about  his  insurance ;  he  gave  neither 
serial  nor  certiticate  number,  but  said  he  could 
be  identitied  by  the  fact  that  his  beneliciary 
(his  wife)  was  named  Mary  A.  The  research 
workers  in  the  bureau  in  Washington,  D.  C, 
found  in  the  tiles  the  names  of  175  men  listed 
as  John  J.  O'Brien,  the  wives  of  50  of  whom 
bore  the  name  of  ]\Iary  A.  O'Brien. 

In  the  Bureau  of  War  Risk  Insurance  files 
of  our  "Fighting  Forces''  indicate  that  many 
prominent  men  were  reijresented  by  name- 
sakes :  1 

There  were  123  George  Washingtons,  6  Rob- 
ert E.  Lees,  119  John  Quincy  Adamses,  47  Abra- 
ham Lineolns  and  but  5  General  Grants. 

General  Wellington,  General  Pickett,  Gen- 
eral Johnson — and  even  Napoleon  Bonaparte — 
were  all  there,  although  their  I'ank  in  the  world 
war  was  that  of  a  pi-ivate. 

While  the  Rodriguez  family  from  Porto  Rico, 
according  to  the  files  of  the  War  Risk  Insurance 
Bureau,  sent  894  men  into  the  American  forces, 
and  among  this  number  (which  was  almost 
large  enough  for  a  battalion)  there  were  but 
seven  first  names  as  follows:  Domingo,  Fran- 
cisco, Jose,  Juan,  Roman,  Tomas  and  Antonio. 
The  serial  number  of  each  man  was  in  the 
600,000  class. 

DIFFERENT  SPELLINGS 

A  girl  clerk  in  the  Bureau  of  War  Risk  In- 
surance found  from  the  card  index  files  of  Un- 
cle Sam's  fighters  that  the  name  Aloysius  is 
spelled  in  49  dift'erent  ways  and  Ignatz  in  18 
dift'erent  wa3's.  Even  the  simple  name  John  is 
spelled  in  24  ways  as  follows :  John,  Giovanni, 
Jan,  Jae,  Jack,  Jackie,  Jacques,  Jan  Jans, 
Hans,  Jean,  Jno,  Joahn,  Jock,  Johan,  Johann, 
Johannes.  Johni  Johnie,  Johnnie,  Johnny, 
Johny,  Jon,  Juan. 

Some  of  the  Great  White  Father's  Indian 
soldiers  bore  melodious  if  complicated  de- 
scriptive names.  A  few  of  them :  Harry-Cries- 
for-a-Rib,  George-Slecp-From  House,  Benjamin 


Comes-Out  Bear,  David  Drops-at-a-Distanee, 
Charles  Owl  Walks-in-the-house,  Wash  Day 
Clouds,  Isaac  His-Horse-is-F.ist. 

The  town  of  Salmon,  Idaho,  furnished  a  sol- 
dier with  five  given  names,  Harry,  Adolph, 
Thomas.  Richard,  Eugene,  Bullock. 

JMORTALITY  RATE  OF  FATHER  TIME 

In  the  world's  population  at  this  Avriting 
(March  IS,  1918),  which  is  1,623,300,000,  the 
average  age  at  death  is  33  years. 

Fifty-seven  nuUion,  three  hundred  and  sev- 
enty-two thousand,  seven  hundi'cd  and  twenty- 
seven  die  annually. 

Nine  hundi-ed  and  eight  thousand  five  hun- 
dred and  i^ixteen  die  weekly. 

Five  thousand  throe  hundred  and  eight  per- 
sons die  every  minute. 

About  thi'ec  die  every  two  seconds. 

Sixty  persons  will  have  died  while  you  are 
reading  this  item. 


A  TRIBUTE  TO  THE  QUAKERS,  OR 
FRIENDS 

The  Society  of  Friends,  commonly  known  as 
the  Quakers,  had  its  origin  about  275  years  ago 
in  England.  It  first  appeared  as  a  group  of 
men  who  difl'ered  from  the  religious  formalism 
of  the  times  that  was  so  oppressive  in  1645. 
These  men  objected  to  the  tyranny  of  the 
Romish  religion  and  dictates  of  the  Pope  in 
England,  and  lielieved  in  Liberty  of  Conscience, 
individual  leadership,  and  direct  responsibility 
to  God  in  all  religious  matters.  At  this  time 
all  who  opposed  the  established  religion  in 
England  were  called  Dissenters.  These  were 
combined  and  brought  to  prominence  by  the 
preaching  of  George  Fox  in  Leiscestershire, 
England,  in  1647,  and  the  following  3'ears, 
during  which  he  preached  throughout  England 
and  obtained  a  large  following 

During  the  next  40  years  persecution  was 
extreme  against  all  Dissenters,  and  especially 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


against  the  Quakers ;  not  because  of  any  im- 
moral acts  of  the  Quakers,  but  because  they 
objected  to  taking  any  form  of  an  oath,  and 
therefore  were  subject  to  imprisonment  because 
they  would  not  take  the  oath  of  allegiance  to 
the  King  and  the  established  church.  Over 
400  Quakers  died  in  prison,  and  at  least  a  hun- 
dred more  from  violence  and  ill  usage.  The 
numbers  that  were  in  prison  were  increased  un- 
til they  reached  4500  up  to  the  year  1662. 

The  Quaker  Act  of  1662  and  the  Conventicle 
Acts  of  1664  and  1670,  designed  to  enforce  at- 
tendance at  church,  were  responsible  for  the 
most  severe  persecution  of  all.  The  Quakers' 
refusal  to  pay  tithes  led  to  heavy  and  continu- 
ous distraints.  The  Quakers,  although  strong- 
ly persecuted,  refused  to  hold  their  meetings  in 
secret  and  were  therefore  the  more  easily  ap- 
prehended and  imprisoned. 

James  II,  on  account  of  his  well-known 
friendship  for  William  Penn,  was  appealed 
to  by  the  Quakers  and  other  Dissenters  when 
he  was  put  on  the  throne,  and  in  1687  came  his 
declaration  of  Liberty  of  Conscience.  After  the 
Revolution  of  1688  and  the  Toleration  Act  of 
1689,  the  persecution  of  the  Quakers  and  other 
Dissenters  for  non-attendance  at  church  prac- 
tically ceased.  The  Quakers  still  objected  to 
paying  tithes  and  persisted  in  teaching  school 
without  a  Bishop's  license;  and  after  the  Tol- 
eration Act  at  least  12  were  prosecuted  for  not 
having  a  Bishop's  license  and  for  keeping 
school. 

The  Quaker  movement  is  divided  into  three 
parts :  The  first,  taking  in  the  period  from 
1647  to  1689;  the  second,  from  1689  to  the 
Evangelical  movement  of  1835;  and  the  third 
from  1835  to  the  present  time.  The  Quakers 
had  no  established  creed  or  formal  statement 
of  belief,  but  believed  in  an  inward  light  or 
personal  experience  of  the  Spirit.     They  also 


believe  in  woman's  equality  in  church  minis- 
try, and  in  peaceful  solution  of  all  (juestions 
in  place  of  force,  although  they  did  not  actu- 
ally refuse  to  use  force  when  necessary. 

It  has  been  said  by  a  notable  authority  that 
all  the  aims  of  the  Quakers  of  250  years  ago 

have  become  the  aims  of  the  present — notably 
that  of  equality  of  woman  with  man,  which  is 
now  becoming  the  universal  agreement  in 
Church  and  State  matters.  As  is  usual,  the 
persecution  of  the  early  days  only  served  to 
solidify,  combine  and  determine  the  opinions 
of  the  Quakers  in  all  matters  of  conscience,  and 
since  they  have  been  allowed  freedom  of  re- 
ligious opinion  the  strict  rules  of  their  de- 
nomination have  been  relaxed  and  they  have 
become  more  willing  to  unite  or  combine  in  ef- 
forts with  other  religious  denominations. 

Formerly  the  Quakers  were  strongly  op- 
posed to  marriage  of  their  members  with  those 
outside  of  their  fold,  and  such  marriage  re- 
sulted in  disbarment  of  the  offending  member 
from  the  Society  of  Friends  and  their  meetings. 
At  the  present  day  such  marriages  are  con- 
doned, and  while  they  still  continue  their  meet- 
ings, they  are  gradually  changing  them  so  that 
addresses  and  hymns  are  used  in  the  services, 
instead  of  the  total  absence  of  all  hymns  or 
religious  songs  and  dependence  upon  volun- 
tary speakers  who  would  address  the  meeting 
when  the  spirit  moved  them  to  do  so,  after  the 
period  of  thoughtful  silence  in  which  they  met 
and  communed  with  their  inner  spirit  and  made 
themselves  subject  to  the  guidance  of  the  inner 
life. 

Also  the  distinctive  dress  of  the  Quakers  is 
not  insisted  on,  and  they  are  accepting  the 
usual  garments  of  the  time.  Their  religious 
convictions  have  resulted  in  a  singularly  pure 
moral  and  spiritual  life,  both  in  individuals  and 
communities  of  Friends. 


THE  NORTH  POLE 


THE  PEARY  EXPEDITION  TO  THE  NORTH 
POLE 

Cut  No.  266  was  photographed  by  Underwood 


1000  to  1500  pound  walrus  yields  from  eight  to 
ten  gallons  of  blood. 

This  illustration  is  to  show  that  there  was 
a  Peary  expedition,  and  whether  Peary  found 


Cut   Xo.  266 — Eskimos   drawing  blood   from   the   walrus 
the   Eskimos. 


This    hlood    is    drunk    by 


&  Underwood  of  New  York  City,  on  the  trip 
with  Peary  to  the  North  Pole.  It  shows  the 
Eskimos'  method  of  bleeding  a  captured  wal- 
rus.    This  blood  is  drunk  by  the  Eskimos.     A 


the  North  Pole  or  not,  or  Avhether  Amundson 
found  the  North  Pole  or  not,  everybody  knows 
that  there  is  a  North  Pole.  I  am  quite  satis- 
fied to  take  it  for  granted  and  enjoy  the  com- 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


forts  and  plenty,  and  let  someone  else  freeze  to 
death  finding  the  North  Pole. 

I,  therefore,  have  clone  my  duty  in  trying  to 


Underwood  &  Underwood  of  New  York  City. 

The  object  of  these  three  illustrations  is  to 
call  to  the  minds  of  the  rising  generation  the 


Cut  No.  1(>1 — Bow  of  the  Erick,  Peary  Relief  Ship,  showing  damage  done  by  colHsion 
with   an   iceberg   off   Queensbay,   en   the   home   voyage. 


show  that  there  is  both  a  North  PoIp  and  a 
South  Pole,  and  I  call  attention  to  Cut  No. 
263,  a  monument  entitled  Christ  in  the 
Andes,  which  photograph  is  also  furnished  by 


hardships  that  men  suffer  for  fame,  love  and 
desire  to  accomplish  something  out  cf  the  ordi- 
nary. 

Teddy  Roosevelt   a  few  years  ago   went  to 


WORLD   EXPLORERS 


South  America  to  discover  the  Lost  River, 
which  river  rises  near  the  Andes  Mountains. 
Discoverers  are  a  ehiss  of  people  not  after 
money.  Discoverers  or  explorers  of  the  world's 
peculiarities  are  more  after  historical  fame  and 
geographical  knowledge  than  for  any  other 
purpose.  Geographical  discoverers  never  get 
into  the  millionaire  class,  though  many  of  them 
die  in  the  attempt.  Some  only  leave  a  story 
behijid  them  to  show  their  adventure  and  cour- 
age to  attain  greatness. 

Cut  No.  267.— Peary's  North  Pole  Expedi- 
tion, showing  that  the  how  of  the  ship  came  in 
contact  with  an  icel)erg  on  its  return  ti'ip  otf 
Queen's  Hay  on  its  home  voyage,  ;iftcr  having 
discovered  the  North  Pole,  aceoi'ding  1o  his 
account. 


The  poles,  the  two  extremes  of  the  earth, 
are  interesting  facts  to  demonstrate  that  they 
exist  outside  of  a  geography  and  outside  of 
geographic  history — and  mcrtal  man,  we  be- 
lieve, has  been  close  enough  to  both  to  come 
back  and  tell  the  tale. 

The  Shackelton  English  Relief  Exiiedition, 
which  went  to  discover  Scott,  the  n\an  who  was 
trying  to  locate  the  South  Pole,  found  him  in 
the  region  somewhere  near  the  South  Pole 
frozen  to  death  in  a  hut,  so  that  he  lost  his 
life  for  the  lienetit  of  mankind  as  a  discoverer. 


END  OF  PART  FIVE 


THE  WILLIAMS  HISTORY 


PART  SIX 


GENEALOGICAL  SECTION 


EXPLANATION   OF   FIGURES   IN   GENEA- 
LOGICAL RECORD 

The  figures  in  front  of  the  names  in  this  rec- 
ord refer  to  the  generation  of  the  persons  so 
numbered,  ccunting  Robert  Williams,  who 
came  to  Carteret  County,  N.  C.,  as  the  first 
generation. 


The  children  of  eacli  marriage  have  the  next 
higher  number,  indicating  their  generation, 
and  all  have  the  same  number  when  they  have 
the  same  proportion  of  blood  of  Robert  Wil- 
liams in  their  veins. 


It 


reference   to   the 
what  generation 


Drawn  by  L\ng  C\mpbi-ll 

Cut  No.  264 — Looking  up  his  family  tree. 


Tlic  figures  with  the  letter  M  attached  in- 
dicate the  generation  by  marriage  and  not  by 
blood.  Thus  where  any  descendant  of  Robert 
Williams,  whether  male  or  female,  marries,  the 
person  so  married  has  the  same  number  as  the 
direct  descendant  of  Robert  Williams,  but  with 
the  letter  M  to  indicate  that  it  is  a  iiuiri'ied 
relation  onlv. 


the  piq-son  is  from  the  father  of  Robert  Wil- 
liams, whether  the  descendant  comes  through 
the  male  or  female  line.  Also  it  is  evident  that 
those  persons  bearing  similar  iinmbei-s  may  be 
widely  separated  but  still  be  of  the  same  pro- 
portional blood  kinship,  though  bearing  differ- 
ent names. 


THE     WILLIAMS     HISTORY 


It  is  believed  that  this  method  of  iinmbering 
is  better  than  to  number  numerically  or  by  any 
other  method,  the  descendants  of  Robert  Wil- 
liams, as  it  establishes  their  degree  of  relation- 
ship to  each  other  as  well  as  to  him. 


A  NOTEWORTHY     STATEMENT    BY 
AUTHOR  OP  THIS  HISTORY^ 

here  is 


THE 


In  our  lineage  of  deseenda 
thing  worth}'  of  note :  There  are  some  two 
hundred  and  seventy  de3cendants  of  Roliert 
Williams  the  first,  whose  names  I  have  been 
able  to  obtain  for  this  history,  and  there  is — 

Not  a  di-iinkard  in  the  line, 
Not  a  criminal  in  the  line, 
Not  a  tramp  ever  heard  of, 
Not  a  deadbeat   as  known  of. 
Not  a  jailbird  has  ever  been  recorded,  and 
Not  a   millionaire-  that  I  have  ever  heard  of 
— but  all  are  Jionorable  and  respectable  i^eople. 

However,  I  know  of  a  pei'son  who  is  doing 
his  level  best  to  become  a  millionaire,  but  mod- 
esty forbids  me  to  speak  his  name. 

SYNOPSIS 

Cut  Xo.  2(i8  shows  the  names  of  two  hundred 
and  sixty-eight  Williamses  disposed  in  a  genea- 
logical tree  and  numbered  in  their  respective 
generations  as  they  evolute  from  Robert  Wil- 
liams of  Ruthin,  Wales,  who  was  their  first 
ancestor  in  Carteret  County,  N.  C.,  U.  S.  A.  All 
shown  on  this  tree  are  descended  from  him — 
my  great-grandfather. 

In  this  synopsis  each  of  the  four  main  limi)s 
is  traced  outwartl  tlirough  its  successive 
branches,  boughs  and  twigs,  and  the  g(>uera- 
tions  are  numbered  accordingly.  In  the  cut 
mentioned,  the  beginning  of  five  limb.'i  is  shown 
After  Richai-d  Williamrj.  the  first  sen  of  Robei-t 
Williams.  These  five  broken  limbs  represent 
the  five  children  of  Robert  Williams  by  his  sec- 
ond wife,  who  did  not  live  to  maturity  and  leave 
descendants,  as  was  the  case  with  Elizabeth, 
Samuel,  and  John  Shoebridge  Williams.  The 
last  three  named,  together  with  their  half 
brother,  Richai-d  Williams,  are  the  ancestors  of 
all  of  the  Williams  family  who  de-^cended  from 
Robert  Williams,  sho\\'u  as  the  main  stem   or 


THE   FIRST  GENERATION 

shown  hy  the  trunk  or  main  stem : 

( 1 )   Robert  Williams. 

(Traditirn   reports  that   his  father  was  Ed- 
v.ai'd  Williams,  who  renmined  in  Wales.) 


THE  SECOND  GENERATION 

formed  four  main  limbs,  by  whom  the  bleed  of 
(I)  Robert  AVilliams  was  tr'ammitted  to  the 
l)ranehes  of  tin-  third  generation.  Their  names 
are: 

(2)   Richard  Williams,  1st  limb. 

(2)   Eli.^alH'th  Williams  (Garretson),  2d  limb. 

(2)   S;imuel  Williams,  .'5rd  limb  (grandfather 

of  M.  V.  William;). 

(2)   .lohn  Slio,.l),-idgo  Williams.  4th  limb. 

FIRST   LI.Mi;— THIRD   GENERATION 


(2) 

Richard   Williams, 

the  first 

lim 

1,   begot 

]     CJl 

Idrcn  of  the  third  g 

cneratiou 

as 

follows: 

{'■'>) 

Robert  Williams, 

(3) 

Elizabeth  Williams 

(Dillingham 

), 

(:■!) 

Abigail  Williams  (Fawectt), 

(3) 

Dearman   Williams, 

CA) 

Deborah  Williams 

(Osborn), 

(3) 

Asa  Williams, 
Mary  AVilliams  (En 

nuons). 

(:-!) 

P>enjamin  Williams 

'' 

Lydia  Williams  (Si 
David  Willinms, 
Edward  Williams. 

anley). 

FIRST  L:I\II!— FOURTH  GENERATION 

("ii  I]li.'',alHth  Williams  Dillingham,  the  sec- 
id  cliild  of  (2)  Richard  Williams,  bore  eight 
lildrcn  of  the  fourth  generation  as  follows: 

14)  Richard  Dillingham, 

(4)  Deltorah  Dillingham, 

(4)  Alfred  Dillingham, 

(4)  Abigail  Dillingham, 

(4)  Mary  Dillingham, 

(4)  Edith   Dillingham, 

(4^  Sarah  Dillingham, 

(4)  Ellswood   Dillingham. 


SYNOPSIS  OF  GENERATIONS 


FIRST  LIMB— FOURTH  GENERATION 

Four  children  of  (3)  Abigail  Williams  Faw- 
cett : 

(4;i  Sarah  Faweett, 

(4)  Edwin  Faweett, 

(4)  Eliza  Faweett, 

(4)  Deborah  Faweett. 

FIRST  LIMB— FOURTH   GENERATION 

Seven  children  of  (o)  Dearuiau  Williams: 

(4)  John  William", 

(4''  Rebecca  Williams, 

(4)  Sarah  Williams, 

(4)  Benjamin  Williams, 

(4)  Keturah    Williams, 

(4)  James  Williams. 

(4)  Edith  Williams. 

FIR-T   LLMB^FOURTII   GENERATION 

One  child  r.(  ( :i  i    Deborah  Williams  Osl)orn: 
(4)  Josephus  Osboni. 

FIRST   LIMi:— FOURTH   (iENERATKJX 

Six  children  of  ( :! )   Asa  Williams: 

(4)    .MifHin  William:;, 
(4)   Elma  Williams, 
(4)   Deborah  Ann  Williams, 
(4)   Sarah  Esther  Williams, 
(4)   Benezetle  Williams. 
(4)   Cadwalladr,'  Williams. 

FIRST   LIMIl— FOURTH   GENERATION 

Three  children  of   (:il    Ly<lia   Williams  Stan- 
ley: 

.'4)   Richard  Edward  Stanley, 
(4)  Sarah  Talitha  Stanley, 
(4)   Chai-les  Joseph  Stanley. 

FIRST  LIMB— FOURTH  GENERATION 

One  child  of  (8)  Edwards  AVilliams: 
(4)   Sarah  B-rnff  Williams  (Maris). 


SECOND  LIMB— THIRD  GENERATION 

Five  children  of  (2)  Elizabeth  Williams  Gar- 
retson,  the  second  limb  : 

(3)  Asenath  Garretson  (Dondna), 

(3)  Asa  Garretson, 

(3)  Joseph  W.  Garretson, 

(3)  Elizabeth  Jr.  Garretson  (Wilson), 

(3)  John  W.  Garretson. 

SECOND  LBIB— FOURTH  GENERATION 

Four    children    of     (3)    Asenath    Garretson 
Dondna : 

(4)  Joseph  W^.  Dondna, 
(4)   Anna  Dondna, 

(4)   Jesse  Dondna, 
(4)   Sarah  Dondna. 

SECOND  LBIB— FOURTH   GENERATION 

Four  children  of  (3)  Asa  Garretson: 

(-^)   Ani:a  Garretson   (Gibbons), 
(4)   ilartha  Garretson, 
(4)    ilary  Garretscn, 

(4)  Joseph  Garretson. 

SECOND    LIMB— FIFTH    GENERATION 

Foni-  children   (4)   Anne  Garretson  Gibbons: 

;."))    Oliver  Gibbons, 
'5)   Frank  Gibbons, 
;.i:  Ella  Gibbons, 
(o)    Rnth   Gibbons. 

SECOND    LIMI!— FIFTH    GENERATION 

Three    children    of     (4)     Martha    Garretson 
Dawson : 

(•Vi    Lavina   Dawson, 
(oi    Sina   Dawson, 
•1)   Caleb   Dawson. 

SECOND    LIMB— FIFTH   GE.VERATION 

Seven  children  of  (4)  Joseph  Garretson: 

(5)  Jlary  Leora  Gari-etson, 
(5)  Ross  J.  Garretson, 

(5)  Belle  Ruth  Garretson, 
(.5)   Myrtle  Elizabeth  Garretson, 
( ■) )   Eva  Lucinda  Garretson, 
i'))   Everett  A.  Gari'etson, 
(5)   Mabel   Anna  Gari'etson. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


THIRD  LIMB— THIRD  GENERATION 

Eleven  children  of  (2)  Samuel  Williams,  the 
third  limb: 

(3)  Joseph  Williams, 
(3)  Anne  Williams   (Patterson), 
(3)  Sallie  Williams   (Bundy), 
(3)  Robert  Williams    (father  of  M.  F.   Wil- 
liams, the  author), 

(3)  Mary  Williams  (Hampton), 

(3)  Elizabeth  Williams  (Gibbons), 

(.3)  Peninah  Williams   (Gibbons), 

(3)  John  Williams, 

(3)  Martha  Williams  (Stanton), 

(3)  Richard  Williams, 

(3)  Samuel  B;  Williams. 

THIRD  LIMB— FOURTH  GENERATION 

Six  children  of  (3)  Joseph  Williams: 

(4)  Martha  Mitchell  Williams   (Starbuck), 
(4)  Josephine  Bonaparte  Williams  (Baggs), 
(4)   Sarah  Elizabeth  Williams   (Baggs), 

(4)  William  Henry  Harrison  Williams, 
(4)  Ruth  Rebecca  Williams   (McKinney), 
(4)   Virginia  Hamilton  Williams   (Bedell). 

THIRD  LIMP.— FOURTH  GENERATION 

Five  children  of  (3)   Anne  Williams  Patter- 
son: 

(4)   Eunice  Patterson, 

(4)   Sarah  Ann  Patterson, 

(4)  Nathan  Patterson, 

(4)   Ruth  Patterson   (Worral), 

(4)  Joseph  W.  Williams. 

THIRD  LIMP.— FOURTH  GENERATION 

Seven  children  of  (3)  Sallie  Williams  Bundy : 

(4)   Josiah  Bundy, 

(4)  Joseph  Bundy, 

(4)  Sarah  W.  Bundy  (Gregg), 

(4)  Elizabeth  Bundy  (Stratton), 

(4)  Samuel  Bundy, 

(4)  Peninah  Bundy  (CreAv), 

(4)  David  Bundy. 


THIRD  LIMB— FOURTH  GENERATION 

Ten  children  of  (3)  Robert  Williams: 

(4)  Jane  Elizabeth  Williams, 

(4)  Hannah  Ann  Williams, 

(4^  Mary  Louisa  Williams  (Chandler), 

(4)  Milton   Franklin    Williams    (aiithor    of 
this  history). 

(4)  Rnthanna  Williams    (Murdoek), 

(4)  Sarah  xVngelina  Williams  (Weeks), 

(4)  Seth  Oliver  Williams, 

(4)  Harriet  Beecher  Williams, 

(4)  Frances  Cornelia  Williams, 

(4)  Alice  Roberta  Williams. 


THIRD   LI  JIB— FIFTH   GENERATION 

Five  children  of   (4)   Mary  Louisa  Williams 
Ciiandler: 

(.■))  Minnie  Myrtle  Chandler    (Dunlavy), 

(5)  Milton  Clyde  Chandler, 

(5)  Earl  Perc.y  Chandler, 

(5)  Mary  Ethel  Chandler  (Moore), 

(5)  Lnln  iMabel  Chandler  (Webster). 

THIRD  LIMB— SIXTH  GENERATION 

Six    children   of    (5)    Minnie   Chandler   Dun- 

J  n  yy  : 

(6)  John  Harold  Dunlavy, 
(tn  Mary  Ethel  Dunlavy, 
(G)  Mabel  Ijueille  Dunlavy, 
(f)}  Charles  Lawrence  Dunlavy, 
(fi)  Frank  Leonard  Dunlavy. 

THIRD  LIMB— SIXTH  GENERATION 

Two  childien  of  (5)  Milton  C.  Chandler: 
(fi)   Dorothy  Imogene  Chandler. 
(li  I    Doris  Ii'ma  Chandler. 

THIRD  LIMB— SIXTH  GENERATION 

One  child  of  (5)  Earl  P.  Ciiandler: 
(6)   Percy  Allison  Chandler. 

THIRD  LIMB— SIXTH  GENERATION 
Two  ehildi'cn  of  (5)  Mary  Chandler  Moore; 

(6)   Virgil  Dv.-ight  Moore, 
16)  Margaret  Virginia  Moore. 


SYNOPSIS  OF  GENERATIONS 


THIRD  LIMB— SIXTH  GENERATION 
One  child  of  (5)  Lulu  Chaudler  Webstei-. 
(6)  Mary  Ruth  AVebster. 

THIRD   LIMI5— FIFTH   GENERATION 

Five  children  of   (4)   Milton    Franklin  Wil- 
liams (author  of  this  history), 

v.j~i  ^Milton  Judson  Williams, 
(5)  Arthur  Franklin  Williams, 
(5)   Maude  Williams, 
(5)   Oliver  Julian  Williams, 

(5)  Florence  Williams  (Carson). 

THIRD    LOII5— SIXTH    GENERATION 

One  child  of  (5)   Milton  Judsou  Willi:iins: 
((i)   Mabel  Veronica  Williams  (Schneider), 

THIRD    LLMI!— SIXTH    GENERATION 
Two  children  of  (5)   Oliver  J.  Wiilianis: 

(6)  Leontine  Margaret  Williaius 

(6)   Milton  Franklin  Williams  the  Second. 

THIRD  LLAIli— SIXTH  (H-:XERATION 

Two  children  of  (5)   Floivnee  Williams  Gar- 
-^on : 

((5)   Edgar  Mason  Cai'son, 
(6)   Florence  Ethel  Carson. 

THIRD  LIMi;— FIFTH  GENERATION 

Two     children     of    (4)    Ruthanna     Williams 
Murdock : 

(5)   Ethel  Roberta   :Murdock    (Bartlett), 
(5)   Clair  Murdock. 

THIRD  LIMB— FIFTH  GENERATION 

One  child  of  (4)  Seth  Oliver  Williams: 
(5  I   Robert  Earl  Williams. 


THIRD  LBIB— FOURTH  GENERATION 

Ten  children  of  (3)jMary  Williams  Hampton: 

(4)   Oliver  L.  Hampton, 
(4)    Sarah  W.  Hampton, 
(4)   Robert  Hampton, 
(4)   Lucinda  Hampton, 
(4)   Anna  Hampton, 
(4)   Eliza  Hampton, 
(4)   Lovina  Hampton, 
(4)   John  Hampton, 
(4)   Edward  Hampton, 
(4)   Samuel  Hampton. 


THIRD  LLAIB— FOURTH  GENERATION 

Five  children  of  (3)  Elizabeth  Williams  Gib- 
bons : 

•A)  Maria  Gibbons, 

(  4  j  ilyranda  Gibbcns, 

(4)  Dillon  Gibbous, 

(4)  Lucinda  Gibbons, 

(4)  Peninah  Gibbons  (De  Wees). 

THIRD  LIMB— FOURTH  GENERATION 

Fourteen  children  of   (3)   Peninah  Williams 
Gibbons : 

,4!  Elam  (iihbons, 

t4)  Eli  W.  Gibbons, 

(4)  Edmond  Gibbons, 

(4)  Homer  Gibbons, 

(4)  Samuel  Gibbons, 

(4)  Sarah  Gibbons, 

(4)  James  Gibbons, 

(4i  Mai'y  Gibbons, 

(4)  Joseph  B.  Gibbons, 

(4)  Anna  Gibbons   (Spencer), 

(4)  Martha  Gibbons  (De  Wees), 

(4)  Elizabeth  Gibbons  (Winder), 

(4)  Lavina  Gibbons, 

(4)  Edward  Gibbons. 


THIRD  LIMB- 

Three    ehildrei 
Stanton : 


-FOURTH  GENERATION 

of    (3)     Mai'tha    Williams 


(4)   Richai-d  W.  Stanton, 
(4)   John  W.  Stanton, 
(4)   Eliza  Jane  Stanton. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


THIRD  LIMl'.— P^OURTH  GENERATION 

Seven  children  of  (8)  Samuel  B.  Williams: 

(4)  Willougliby  Leroy  Williams, 

(4)  Emma  Orilla  Williams  (Wells), 

(4)  Sarah  Jane  Williams, 

(4)  Mary  Ella  Williams, 

(4)  Joseph  Comley  Williams, 

(4)  Flora  Anna  Williams   (Williams). 

(4)  Samuel  iMortimer  Williams. 


THIRD  LBir.— FIFTH  GENERATION 

Three    children    of    (4)    Emma    0.    Wdlianis 


(5)   Lorlc  Eh.isr  Wrlls  (Rider), 

(5)   Paul  Mortimei'  Wells, 

(5)   Lillian  Rulhauna  Wells  (Gray). 


THIRD  LOIR— SIXTH  GENERATION 

Four  children  of  (5)  Lorle  E.Wells  Rider 

(6)  Lawrence  Eugene  Rider, 

(6)  Lois  Ruthanna  Rider, 

(6)  Emmy  Lou  Rider, 

(6)  Jane  Elizabeth  Rider. 


THIRD  LIMB— SIXTH  GENERATION 

Three  children  of  (5)  Paul  M.  Wells: 

(6)   Paul  Hampton  Wells, 
(6)   Lawrence  ITenry  Wells, 
(6)   Nina  Eloise  Wells. 

THIRD  LIMB— SIXTH  GENERATION 
One  child  of  (5)  Lillian  R.  Wells  Gray: 
(6)   Joseph  Mortimer  Gra.v. 


THIRD  LIMB— FIFTH  GENERATION 

Four  children  of  (4)  Samuel  M.  Williams: 

(5)  Flora  Williams   (Crist), 

(5)  Samuel  JI.  Williams  Jr., 

(5)  Robert  Williams, 

(5)  Jafncs  Williams. 


FOURTH  LIMB— THIRD  GENERATION 


Ten 


Uli-i'U   of    (2)    John   Shoebridge  Wil- 
fourth  limb  : 


(o)  Ben.iamin  Franklin  Williams, 

(S)  llaiinali   JIarnion  Williams   (Stone), 

(3)  R(,hei-t    Fnlt')!!   Williams. 

(o)  Aiiiie  Shocbi'idge  Williams  (Bemau), 

(3)  Jojiii   I'.duvier  Williams, 

(3)  Eli/abeth  Williams   (Ayres), 

(3)  Joseph  Patterson  Williams, 

(3)  Sarah  Jane  Williams  (Farmer), 

(3)  ^lai'v  Louisa  Williams, 

(31  Martlia    I5ellc  Williams  (Van  Vlcck). 

FOURTH  LIMI!— FOURTH  GENERATION 

Six  ehilili'cn  of  (3)   Benjamin  Franklin  Wil- 
iams  by  his  first  wife— 

(4)  Chai'le:;  F.  Williams, 

(4)   .Mary  Louisa  AVilliams  (Paris,  Ky.), 
(4)   Henry  Hairison  Williams, 
(4)   Virginia  R.  Williams, 
(4)   James  Williams, 
(4)   John  Williams, 


f(un'  childi 


n-  Ids  second  wife : 


(4)  Edwin  Williams. 

(4)  Louis  Williams, 

(4)  James  B.  Wdliams, 

(4)  Fi'ank  W^illiams. 


SYNOPSIS  OF  GENERATIONS 


FOURTH  LIJIB— FIFTH  GENERATION 

Six  children  of  (4)  Edwin  AYilliams: 

(5)   Walter  H.  Williams, 
(5)   Madge  Williams, 
(5)   Georgia  Williams, 
(5)   Karl  Williams. 
(5)   Frank  Williams, 
{5)   Christina  Williams. 

FOURTH  Li:\ii'.— SIXTH  generation 

One  child  of  [5)  Walter  Williams: 
(G)   Christina  Eli:^abeth  Williams. 

FOURTH  LLMl!— SIXTH  GENERATION 
One  child  of  (o)  Madge  Williams  Moore: 
((i)   Ilai-old   W.  .Aloore. 


FOURTH  LIMl'.— FIFTH  (;ENERATI0N 

One  child  of  (4)  Louis  Williams: 
(.1)   Frank  S.  Williams. 

FOURTH  LI:MI'.— FIFTH  (iENERATION 

Six  children  of   (4)   James  B.  Williams: 

(5)  Merle  Williams, 

(5)  Rexford  Williams, 

(5)  Amy  Williams, 

(5)  Hallie  Williams, 

(5)  Dorothy  Williams, 

(5)  Theodoiv  R.  Williams. 


FOURTH  LIMB— FIFTH  GENERATION 

One  child  of  (4)  Frank  Williams : 
(6)   Harvey  Bellewood  Williams. 


FOURTH  LIMB— FOURTH  GENERATION 
Five  cliildren  of  (3)  Roliert  Fulton.  AVilliams: 

(4)  Walter  Dark  Williams, 

(4)  Roberta   Williams. 

(4)  Robert   Williams, 

(4)  Hannah  .Alarion  Williams, 

(4)  Charles  Williams. 


FOURTH  LOIB- FOURTH  GENERATION 


Thi-ee  chi 
liams  I'.ema 


)f  (;!)   Anne  Shoebridgc  Wil- 


(4)   Sarah  Elizabeth  lU-man, 
(4)   John  Henry  ISenian, 

(4)  Anna  Beman  (Swain). 

FOURTH   LIMB— FIFTH   GENERATION 

Three  children  of  Anna  I>einan  Swain: 

(5)  Lawrence  Swam. 

(5)    Anna  \Mola  Swain   {Du  Bose), 
(.1)   Myrtle  Swain   (Damrcn). 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


FOURTH  LIMB— SIXTH  GENERATION 

Five  children  of  (5)  Anna  Y.  Swain  Du  Bose  : 

(6)  Anna  Louise  Du  Bose, 

(6)  Wilds  Du  Bose, 

(6)  Clifton  Du  Bose, 

(6)  Clifford  Du  Bose, 

(6)  Sidney  Du  Bose. 


FOURTH  LIMB— SIXTH  GENERATION 

Three  children  of  (5)  ilyrtle  Swain  Dauiron: 

(6)   Anna  Louise  Dauiron, 
(6)  Helen  Damron, 
(6)   Kathcrine  Damron. 


FOURTH  LIMB— FOURTH  GENERATION 

One  child  of  (3)  EIizal.<-th  Williams  Ay  res: 
(6)   Bouvier  Ayres. 

FOURTH  LIMB— FOURTH  GENERATION 
One  child  of  [S)  Joseph  Patterson  Williams: 
(4)   Joseph  Clifton  Williams. 


FOURTH  LIMB— FIFTH  GENERATION 

Four-    children     of     (4)     William     Gisborn 
Fai-mcr : 

(5)  Roy  Will  Farmer, 

(o)  Carl  Prescott  Farmer, 

(5)  Fi-ederick  Fenn  Farmer, 

(5)  Robert  Lee  Farmer. 

FOURTH  LIMB— FIFTH  GENERATION 

Two    children    of    (4)    Jennie   Belle   Farmer 


(5)   Francis  Clinton  Fowler, 
(5)   Frederic  Anson  Fowler. 


FOURTH  LUIB- FIFTH  GENERATION 

One  child  of  (4)  Charles  Edward  Farmer: 
(.5)   Gcorsje  Edward  Farmer. 


FOURTH  LIMB— FOURTH  GENERATION 

Five   children   of    (3)    Sarah   Jane   Williams 
Farmer : 

(4)  William  Gisborn  Farmer, 

(4)  Jennie  Belle  Farmer  (Fowler), 

(4)  George  Clinton  Farmer, 

(4)  Charles  EdAvard  Farmer, 

(4)  Sadie  May  Farmer  (Blanchard). 


FOURTH  LIMB— FOURTH  GENERATION 

Four  children  of  (3)  Martha  Belle  Williams 
Yan  Meek : 

(4)  William  Yan  Vleck.  Jr., 

(4)  Charles  W.  Van  Ylcck, 

(4)  George  Yan  Vleck, 

(4)  Anna  Bell  ^'an  Yleck  (Owen). 

FOURTH  LIMB— FIFTH   GENERATION 
One  child  of  (4)  Charles  W.  Yan  Yleck: 

(5)  Ilelene  Estelle  Yan  Yleck. 

FOURTH  LIMB— FIFTH  GENERATION 

Thi'ce  children  of  (4)   Anna  Bell  Van  Vleck 
Owen : 

(.5)   A'an  Yleck  Owen, 

(5)   Francis  Ilandet  Owen, 

(5)   Anna  Belle  Owen. 


This  outline  was  prepared  by  Constance  White,  London,  England,  an  agent 
employed  {or  research  work  on  this  History. 


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'HE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


THE  FIRST   GENERATION 

(1)  Robert  Williams: 

(Son  of  Edward  Williams  of  Ruthin,  North 
Wales). 

Born  April  2!lth,  1723,  at  Ruthin,  North 
Wales. 

Died  September  4th,  ITdO.  near  Beaufort, 
Carteret  County.  N.  C. 

jNFarried  17H7.  first  ^vife  (i:\[).  Elizalieth 
Dearman. 

Born  in  England.    Died  1773,  near  Beaufoi-t, 

N.  C. 

THE  SECOND  GENERATION 
.     One  child: 

(•2)    Richard  Williams: 

(Sou  of  (2)  Robert  and  Elizabeth  Dearnum 
Williams). 

Born  November  28th,  1770,  at  liouu'stead, 
Carteret  ( 'ounty,  N.  C. 

Died  iLarch  10th,  1852. 

Again   (1)  Robert  AVilliams: 

Married  ( )ctob('i'  1st,  1774,  second  wife. 

(IM)  Aniu'  Shofhridge  of  Essex  County, 
England. 

(Daughter  of  Richard  Shoebridge.  Kent, 
England,  born  1712,  and  Martha  Belle  Shoe- 
bridge). 

Born  September  7th,  1748. 

Died  June  9th,  1845,  age  97. 

This  second  marriage  resulted  in  (>ight  chil- 
dren, only  three  of  whom  survived  and  left 
descendants,  as  follows: 

(2)  Elizabeth  Williams  (Garretson)  : 
Born  April  28th,  1778.     Died . 


(2)  Samuel  Williams  (My  Grandfather) ; 

liorn  March  1st,  1779. 
Died  November  4th,  1856. 


(2)   John  Shoebridge  Williams:. 
Born  July  31st,  1790. 
Died  April  27,  1878. 

FIRST  LIMB  OF  TREE,  CUT  No.  268 
(2)   Richard  Williams: 

(Only  child  of  (1)  Robert  Williams  and  (IM) 
Elizabeth  Dearman  Williams.) 

Horn  November  28,  1770,  in  Carteret  County, 
N.  C.  (on  old  homestead). 

Died  :March  lOtli,  1852,  in  Damascus,  0.  (at 
home  of  his  son  I'^dward),  aged  81  years,  3 
months  and  11  days. 


.M; 


lirst  w: 


(2^1)  Sai'ah  Dew,  by  whom  he  had  one  son, 
Robert,  Avho  died  young. 

Mai-ried  Noveud)er  6.  179(i,  in  FruMids"  :Meei- 
ing  House,  Core  Sound,  N.  C. 

Second  wife  (2M),  Sarah  Stanton  (daughter 
of  licnjannn  and  Elizabeth  Stanton). 

TEN    CI] ILDREX— THIRD    GENERATION 

(3)   Elizabeth  Williams: 

lioi'U  Septembei-  II,  17911,  in  N.  C. 

Married  May  :i(ilh,  1S22,  Micajah  Dillingham 
of  Delawai-e  Connly,  ().,  at  Friends"  ileeting 
at  Kendal,  Stark  County,  Ohio. 

Died,  past  80  years  of  age,  near  Daumscus,  0. 

(3)   Abigail   AVilliams: 

Born  September  19,  1802. 

Married  December  26,  1825,  to  John  Fawcett 
of  Salem,  Ohio. 

Died  November  10,  1835,  at  Salem,  0.,  age  33. 

(3)   Dearman  Williams: 

liorn  November  12,  1804. 

Married  November  27th,  1830,  to  Mary 
Farmer  of  Sandy  Spring,  Ohio, 

Died  November  27tli,  1867,  in  Humboldt 
County,  Iowa. 


FIRST  LIMP. 


(3)   Deborah  Williams: 

Boni  November  80th,  1806. 

Married  May  27th,  1829,  to  Daniel  Osborn 
of  Delaware  County,  Ohio. 

Died  Jlay  26lh,  18:U. 

(3)   Asa  AVilliams: 

Born  December  27th,  1808. 

Married  May  21st,  18:U.  1o  Elizabeth  Cad- 
walader  of  Salem,  Ohio. 

Died  .Tanuaiy  28rd,  18G1. 

(3)   Mary  Williams: 

Born  April  7,  1811. 

^Married  May  8,  1837,  to  Joseph  Emmons  of 
Auiiusta  Meeting  of  Friends,  0.  (no  children.) 

Died  March  15,  1838. 

(3)   I'.en.iamin  Williams: 

Born  Api'il  3,  1814. 

Died  October  lOtJi,  1835,  near  East  Rochester 
( unmarried). 

(■.])    Lydia  Williams: 
I'.orn  .Alay  2.  1816. 

]\Iarried  May  1.  1851,  to  Joseph  Stanb-y  of 
Damascus,  Ohio. 

Died  about  181)7  or  '!)8  at  the  house  of  her 
daughtci'  ill  I'.i'onidiawn,  Jliss. 

(3)    David  Williams: 
I'.orn  September  25,  1S18. 

Married  August  9,  1853,  to  Hannah  S.  :\riekU 
of  Washington,  Pa.  (no  children). 

Died  July  1st,  1877,  neai'  .Alarshalltown,  la. 

(3)    Edward  Williams: 

Born  February  5tli,  1821. 

Married  March  29,  1849,  to  Hannah  Biuff  ol 
Damascus,  Ohio.  (Born  August  27,  182  5.  Died 
October  11,  1882.) 


Died  September  2,  1894,  at  Damascus,  Ohio. 


(3)  Elizabeth  Williams: 

(First  child  of  (2)  Richard  and  Sarah  Stan- 
ton Williams.) 

Born  September  9,  1799.     Died  about  1859. 

Married   ilay  30th,   1822,   to    (3M)    Mica.iah 
Dillingham. 

Nine  childi'tMi — I'ourth  genei'ation: 

(4)  Rieiiard  Dillingham, 
(4)  Deborah   Dillingham, 
(4)  Jane  Dillingham, 
(4)  Alfred  Dillingham, 
(4)  Abigail   Dillingham, 
(4)  Mary  Dillingham, 
(4)  Edith  Dillingham, 
(4)  Sarah   Dillingham, 
(4)  Ellswood    Dillingham. 


(3)  Abigail  Williams: 

(Second    child    of    (2)    Richard    and    Sai-ah 
Stanton  Williams.) 

Horn    September    19,    1802.      Died   November 
loth,  1835. 

Married  Deeeudicr  2Gth,  1825,  to  (SM)  John 
Fawcett  (,f  Salem,  Ohio. 

Four   children — Fniirth   generation: 

(4)  Sarah    Fawectt, 
(4)   Edwin  Faweett, 
(4)   Eliza  Fawcett, 
(4)    Deborah  Fawcett. 

(3)   Dearman  Williams: 

(Thi)'d  child  of  (2)  Richard  and  Sarah  Stan- 
ton Williams.) 

Born  Novembei-  12th,  1804:     Died  Novendier 
27th.  18(i7. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Married  November  27th,  1830,  to  (oM)  Mary 
Parmer  of  Sandy  Spring,  Ohio. 

Seven  children — Fourth  generation  : 

(4)   John  Williams, 

(4)   Rebecca  Williams, 

(4)  Sarah  Williams, 

(4)   Benjamin  Williams, 

(4)   Keturah  Williams, 

(4)   James  Williams, 

(4)   Edwin  Williams. 


(3)  Deborah  Williams: 

(Fourth  child  of  (2)  Richard  and  Sarah  Stan- 
ton Williams.) 

Born  November  30th,  ]S06.    Died  May  26th, 
3834. 

Married  May  27th,  1829,  to  (3il)  Daniel  Os- 
born  of  Delaware  County.  Ohio. 

One  child — Fourth  generation: 

(4)  Josephus  Osborn. 


(3)  Asa  Williams: 

(Fifth  child  of  (2)  Richard  and  Sarah  Stan- 
ton Williams.) 

Born   December   27th,    1808.     Died   January 
23,  1861. 

Married  May  21st,  1834,  to  (3M)  Edith  Cad- 
walader  of  Salem,  Ohio. 

Six  children — Fourth  generation  : 

(4)  Miftiin  Williams, 
(4)  Elma  Williams, 

(4)  Deboi-a  Ann  Williams, 
(4)   Sarah  Esther  Williams, 
(4)   Benezetle  Williams, 
(4)   Cadwallader  Williams, 


(3)   Lydia  Williams: 

(Eighth  child  of  (2)  Richard  and  Sarah  Stan- 
ton Williams.) 

Boi'n  May  2nd,  1816.     Died  about  1897. 

]\Iarried  May  1st,  1851,  to  (3]M)  Joseph  Staii- 
lev  of  Damascus,  Ohio. 


Thi-ee  childi'en — Fourth  generation: 
(4)   Richard  Edward  Stanley, 
(4)   Sarah  Talitha  Stanley, 
(4)   Charles  Joseph  Stanlej'. 


(3)  Edward  Williams: 

(Tenth  child  of  (2)  Richard  and  Sarah  Stan- 
ton Williams.) 

Born  February  5th,  1821.  Died  September 
2nd,  1894. 

Married  August  9th,  1853,  to  (3M)  Hanna 
15ruft'  of  Danuiseus,  Ohio. 

One  child — Fourth  generation  : 

(4)  Sarah  Bi-utf  Williams,  born  January  3, 
1850,  living  1920  in  Damascus,  Ohio. 

Married  July  8th,  1896,  to  Abram  Maris  of 
Damascus,  Ohio    (no  children). 

NOTE :  This  is  as  far  as  I  have  been  able  to 
trace  the  descendants  of  (2)  Richard  AVilliams, 
the  only  son  of  (1)  Robert  Williams  by  his  first 
wife,  Elizabeth  Dearmau  Williams,  as  shown  by 
the  first  limb  of  the  Genealogical  Tree,  Cut 
No.  268. 


SECOND  LIMB  OF  TREE,  CUT  No.  268 

(2)   Elizabeth  Williams: 

(Daughter   of    (1)    Robert   and   Anne    Shoe- 
bridge  Williams.) 

Born  April  28th,  1878.    Died . 

Married   April   26th,   1804,   to    (2M)    Joseph 
Garretson.      (Son   of  William   and   JIary   Gar- 

retson.) 


SECOND  LIMB 


Born  November  29th,  1782,  in  Pennsylvania. 

Died  1855  near  Barnesville,  Ohio. 

Five  children — Third  generation  : 

(3)  Aseuath  Garretson.  Born  Jannary  251h, 
1805.    Married  John  Dondiui,  Jr. 

(3)  Asa  Garretson.  Born  June  5tli,  1807. 
Mai-ried  Ruth  Edgerton  (4  children). 

(3)  Jo.seph  W.  fiarretson.  Born  August  3rd, 
181].     (Never  married.) 

(3)  Elizabeth  (iarretson,  Jr.  Born  Septem- 
ber 21.st,  1815.  Slurried  Joseph  Wilson  (no 
issue). 

(3)  John  W.  Garretson.  Born  July  7th,  1820 
(went  to  California,  1849). 


(3)  Asenath  Gai-retsou: 

(First  child  of   (2)   Elizabeth  Williams  and 
Joseph  Garretson.) 

Born  January  25th,  1805.     Died . 

^tarried  to  (3]M)  John  Dondna,  Jr. 

Four  children — Foni'th  generation  : 

(4)  Joseph     W.     Doudna.     Born     December 
2Gth,  1841. 

(4)   Anna     Doudna.     Boi-n     February     10th, 
1843. 

(4)  Jesse  Doudna.    Born  June  4th,  1844. 

(4)   Sarah  Doudna.     lioi'u  Jidv  5th,  1846. 


(3)  Asa  Gari-etson  : 

(Second  child  of  (2)  Elizabeth  Williams  and 
Joseph  Garretson.) 

Born  Jun.'  5th.  1807.     Died . 

.Married  to  (3M)  Ruth  Edgerton. 

Four  childi'cn — Foui-th  generation  : 

(4)  Ann    Garretson.     liorn    1830.     Mai'ried 
Homer  Gibbons  (4  children). 

(4)   Martha  Garretson.     Born  1840-50.     Mar- 
ried Chalkv  Dawson  (3  children). 


(4)  Mary  Garretson.  Born  1840-50.  (Died 
in  childhood.) 

(4)  Joseph  Garretson.  Born  1850.  Mar- 
ried Melvina  Bailey  (1  child).  Mai'ried  second 
wife,  Almcda  Bailey  (6  children). 


(4)  Amie  Garretson: 

(First  child  of  (3)  Asa  and  Ruth  Garretson.) 

Born  1830.    Died . 

Married  to  (4j\I)  Homer  Gibbons. 
Four  children — Fifth  generation: 

(5)  Oliver  Gibbons. 
(5)   Fi'ank  Gibbons, 
(5)   Ella  Gibbons, 
(5)   Ruth  Gibbons. 


(4)  ilartha  (fai'retson : 

(Second  child  of  (3)   Asa  and  Ruth  Garret- 
son.) 

Born  lietween  1840-50. 

Married  to   (4M)   Chalkley  Dawson. 

Three  children — Fifth  generation: 

(5)  Lovina  Dawson, 
(5)   Sina  Dawson, 
(5)   Calel)  Dawson. 


(4)  Joseph   Garretson: 

(Poui'th  child  of  (3)   Asa  and  Ruth  G«rret- 

son.) 

Boi'u  1850.    Died . 

Married  to  (4M)  Melvina  Bailey. 
One  child — Fifth  generation: 

(5)  Maiy  Leora  Garretson. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Again : 

(4)  Joseph  Gai-retsoii  married  second  wife 
(■4M)  Almeda  Bailey  (sister  of  first  wife).  ' 

Six  ehildre;i — Fifth  generation: 

(5)  Boss  J.  Garretson, 

(5)  Belle   Rnth   Garretson, 

(5)  MyvUv  Elizabeth  (iarretson, 

(5)  Eva  Lueinda  Garretson, 

(5)  Everett  A.  Garretson, 

(5)  Mabel  Ann  Garretson. 

NOTE :  This  is  as  far  as  I  have  been  able  to 
trace  the  descendants  of  (2)  Elizabeth  Williams 
Gai'ivts'.n.  the  dniit;litri-  ,if  1 1  )  Hobei't  Williams 
and  Aniie  SliMcbridgv  Williaius.  his  second  wife, 
as  shown  by  the  si ul  lii;ib  of  the  Genealog- 
ical Tree,  Cut  Xo.  I'liS. 

THIRD  LIM15  OF  TREE.  CUT  No.  268 
SECOND  GENERATION 

(2)  Samuel  Williams  (My  Grandfather) : 

(Son  of  (1)  Robert  Williams  and  Anne  Shoe- 
bridge  Williams.) 

Bern  March  1st,  1779.  Died  November  4th, 
1856,  age  77. 

Married  May,  1804,  to  (2M)  Sarah  Arnold. 

(Daughter  of  Joseph  Arnold  and  Sarah 
Arnold.) 

Born  May  26th,  1782.  Died  May  26th,  1856, 
age  74. 

Eleven  children — Third  genei-ation: 

(3)  Joseph  Williams: 
Born  March  10th,  1805. 

Died  Jaiuiai'y  21st,  1891,  age  86. 

(3)   Anne  Williaiin  (Pattei'son-Dodd). 

Born  June  5th,  1806. 

Died  August  15th,  1845,  age  39. 

(3)   Sallie  Williams  (Bnndy)  : 

Born  February  2nd,  1808. 


Died  Febrnai-y  15th,  1875. 
(3)  Robert  Williams  (my  father) : 
Bom  September  18th,  1809. 
Married  (3M)  Sarah  Ann  Hampton. 
Died  August  23rd,  1903,  age  94. 
(3)   I\Iaiy  Williams  (Hampton)  : 
I'.orn  April  28th,  1812. 

Died  . 

(3)   Elizabeth   Williams    (Gibbons): 

Born  June  7tli,  1815. 

Died  March  11th,  1856,  age  41. 

(3)   Peniiiah  Williams  (Gibbons): 

Boi'n  July  301  li,  1817. 

Died  January  16tli.  1888,  age  70. 

(3)   John  Y\'illiams: 

Bern  Octcber  17th,  1819. 

Died  September   Kith,  1821. 

(3)    .Alai-tha   Williams   (Stanton): 

Hoi'n  April  7th,  1822. 

Died  Dceembcr  29tli,  1849,  age  27. 

{■■])   Richard  Williams: 

Dom  May  5th,  182  1-. 

Died  June  15th,  1843,  age  19. 

(3)    Samuel  B.  Williams: 

Boi-n  .March  27th,  1827. 

(jMarried  Ruthanna  Hampton.) 

(Maia-icd   Rcbeeca,   Worrall  lUmdy.) 

Died  .May  lUtli,  1904,  age  77. 


(3)  Joseph  Williams: 

(First    child    of    (2)    Samuel    Williams    and 
Sarah  Arnold.) 

Born  March  10th,  1805. 

Died  January  21st,  1891,  age  86. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Married   June    18th,   1835,    to    (3M)    Sarah 
Wright  Mitchell  of  Kentucky. 

Born  FeliruniT  5th,  180S. 

Died  December  19th,  1888. 

Six  childi'en — Fourth  generation  : 

(4)   Martha  Mitchell  Williams. 

Born  July  28th,  1836. 

Died  August  16th,  1011. 

(Married  Robert  Starbuck.) 

(4)   Josephiiu'  hionaparte  Williams. 

Born  November  16th  ,  1837. 

Died  March  27th,  1901. 

(Married  James  T.  Baggs.) 

(4)   Sarah  Elizabeth  Williams. 

Born  July  23rd,  1840. 

Died  June  24th,  1864. 

(Married  Andrew  J.  Baggs.) 

(4)   William  Ilcni-y  Harrison  Williams. 

Born  February  28th,  1843. 

Died  May  7th.  1845. 

(4)  Ruth  Rebecca  Williams. 

Born  March  29th,  1845. 

(ilarried  Wm.  S.  IMcKinney.) 

Died  September  1,  1917. 

(4)   Virginia  Hamilton  Williams. 

Born  February  ISth,  1850. 

Died  October  18th,  1887. 

(Married  JMahlon  Bedell.) 


(4)   Martha  Williams. 

(First    child    of    (3)    Joseph    Williams    and 
Sarah  Wright  Mitchell.) 

Born  July  28th,  1836,  died  August  16th,  1911. 

Married  to  Robert  Starbuck. 


Seven  children — Fifth  generation: 

(5)  Sarah  Starbuck, 

(5)  Alice  Starbuck, 

(5)  Josephine  Starbuck, 

(5)  John  Starbuck, 

(5)  AVill  Starbuck, 

(5)  Fj'ank  Starbuck, 

(5)  Elmer  Starbuck. 


(4)  Josephine  B.  Williams. 

(Second  daughter  of   (3)  Joseph  and  Sarah 
Wright  Mitchell  Williams.) 

Born  November  16th,  1837,  died  March  27th, 
1901. 

Mai'ried  to  James  Thompson  Baggs. 

Five  children — Fifth  generation: 

(5)  Ijui-a  Baggs, 

(5)   Edgar  Baggs, 

(5)   Geneva   Baggs    (first  wife  of  Arthur  L. 
WalHng). 

(5)   'Slnvy  Baggs   (second  wife  of  Arthur  L. 

Walling). 

(5)  Harry  Baggs. 


(5)  Geneva  Baggs. 

(Third  child   of    (4)    Josephine  B.  Williams 
and  James  Thompson  Baggs.) 

]\Iarried  Arthur  L.  Walling. 

One  daughter: 

(6)  Lura     Walling,     Avho     married     Walter 
Kii'kpati'ick  and  had  one  child : 

(7)  Mary  Kirkpatrick. 


(•i)   Jlary  T^aggs. 


THIRD  LIMB 


Married  as  second  wife  to  Arthur  L.  Wal 
and  had  one  son: 

(6)   Arthur  Thompson  Walling. 


(4)  Sarah  Elizabeth  Williams. 

(Third  child  of  (3)  Joseph  and  Sarah  Wright 
Mitchell  Williams.) 

Born  July  28th,  1840. 

Died  June  24th,  1864. 

Married  Andrew  J.  Baggs. 

Two  children — Fifth  generation  : 

(5)  Joseph  ISaggs, 
(5)    Sherman  Baggs. 


(4)  Ruth  Rebecca  Williams. 

(Fifth  child  of  (3)  Joseph  and  Sarah  Wright 
Mitchell  Williams.) 

Born  :\IaiTh  2:),  1.^43. 

Died  September  1,  1917. 

Mairicd  William  S.  :\IcKiiniey. 

One  son — Fifth  generation: 

(5)  Raymond  William  ^IcKinney. 


(5)  Raym.iiid  MrKimicy. 

(Son  of  William  S.  and  (4)  Ruth  McKinuey.l 

Married . 

Two  daughters — Sixth  generation  : 
(())   Martha  McKinney. 

(6)  Katherina  McKinney. 


(4)  Virginia  Hamilton  Williams. 

(Sixth  child  of  (3)  Joseph  and  Sarah  Wright 
Mitchell  Williams.) 


Born  February  ISth,  1850. 

Died  October  ISth,  1887. 

.Alarried  ilahlon  Bedt'll   (no  children). 


(NOTE:  For  further  information  address 
ilrs.  Josie  Schafer,  1756  Anseon  Avenue,  Oak 
land,  Cal.) 


(3)  Anne  Williaiiw 

(Second  child  of   (2)    Samuel  Williams    and 

Sarah  Arnold  Williams.) 

Born  June  5,  1806. 

Died  Sept.  15th,  1845. 

Married  Nov.  5,   1826,  to   (3M)   Edwin  Pat- 
terson.   Boi'u  Oct.  2,  1808.    Died  Oct.  16,  1834. 

Five   Children — Foui-th    Generation 

(4)  Eunice    Patterson,    born    Oct.   3,    1827; 
died  Sept.  5,  1843. 

(4)   Sarah    Ann    Patterson,     born    Nov.     28, 
1828;  died  May  10,  1831. 

(4)   Nathan  Patterson,  born  Sept.  13,  1830; 

died    ;    nmrried     (4]\I)     Elizabeth    Ann 

Swaney. 

(4)    Ruth    Pattei'.son,     b.irn    Feb.    11.     1882; 
died ;  married   (4M)  Zebnlon  Wori-al. 

(4)  Joseph    W.    Patterson,     born    Aug.     24, 
1834;  died ;  married  and  had  3  children. 

Xoti — (3)  Anne  Williams  Patterson  married 
June  5,  1837;  second  husband,  Nathan  Dodd. 


(4)   Nathan  Patterson. 

(Third  child  of  (3)  Anne  Williams  and  (3M) 
Edwin  Patterson.) 

Horn  Sept.  13,  1830. 

Died . 

Married — (4M)  Elizabeth  Ann  Swaney.  Born 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


E 
1| 


rt         o 


1^ 


THIRD  LIMB 


Aug.  23,  1S34.    Died  Jlareh  2,  1920. 
One  child — Fifth  ooneration  : 

(5)  Laurissa   Jane   Patterson.      Born     1857. 
Married  1888  (5M)  John  W.  Cassells. 

Thi-ee  children — Sixth  generation  : 

(6)  John  Cassells  Jr.     Born  1S!)1.     Married 
July,  1918. 

(6)   Paul  Ed^vin  Cassells.     Born  1893. 

(6)   Margaret  Elizabeth  Cassells.    Born  1898. 
Married  1919  (Stein). 


(4)  Ruth  Patterson. 

(Fourth   child    of   (3)    Anne    'Williams    and 
(3M)  Edwin  Patterson.) 

Born  Fel).  11,  1832,  died . 

Married  ,   (4M)  Zebnlon  Worral. 

Four  childi'en — Fifth  lieneration  : 

(5)  John  Wnrral 
(5)  Mary  Worral. 
(.5)   Carl  Woi-ral. 

(5)   Ellsworth  Worral. 


(4)   Joseph  W.  Patterson. 

(Fifth  child  of  (3)  Anne  Williams  and  (3M) 
Edwin  Patterson.) 


Born  Auii-.  24,  1S34.  died  . 

Married  . 

Three  childien — Fifth   generation: 
(5)   Anna  Pattei'son, 
(5)   Louis  Pattei'soii, 
(5)   lyaui-issa  Patterson. 


(3)   Sallie  Williams. 

(Third    child    of    (2)    Samuel   Williams   and 
Sarah  Arnold.) 


Bern  Feb.  2nd,  1S08 ;  died  Feb.  15th,  1875. 

^Married  July  9th,  1828,  to  Exune  Bimdy. 

Seven  children — Fourth  generation  : 

(4)   Josiah  Bundy, 

(4)  Joseph  Bundy, 

(4)   Sarah  W.  Bundy   (Gregg), 

(4)   Elizabeth   Bundy    (Stratton),   Pasadena, 
al, 

(4)   Samuel  Bundy, 

(4)   Peninah  Ihuuly  (Crew),  Pasadena,  Cal., 

(4)   David  Bundy   (living,  1920). 


My  father— (3)  Robert  Williams  (fourth  child 
of  (2)  Samuel  and  Sarah  Arnold  Williams). 

Born  Sept.  18th,  1809 ;  died  Aug'.  23rd,  1903. 
Age  94. 

Married  lAIay  3rd,  1838. 

(3M)   Sarali  Aim  Hampton. 

( One  of  seven  children  of  Anms  Hampton 
and  Jane  ileai's  Hughes  Hampton.) 

Born  July  17th,  1820. 

Died  July  23r(l,   1906,  age  86. 

TEN  CHILDREN— FOURTH  GENERATION 

(4)  Jane  Elizabeth  AVilliams,  born  April  2d, 
1839. 

(4)  Hannah  Ann,  born  Sept.  13th.  1840,  died 
Dec.  21st,   1896. 

'  (4)  Mary  Louisa,  born  April  23rd,  1844 
(married  Dec.  18th,  1870)  (4.A1)  John  Curtis 
Chandler. 

U)  Milton  Franklin  Williams,  born  Oct. 
l3th,  1846  (married  Nov.  23rd,  1875  to  (4M) 
Emma  P.  Stevens.) 

(4)  Ruthanna,  born  Feb.  18th,  1850  (mar- 
ried Flemmin  Jlurdock). 

(4)  Sarah  Angelina,  born  July  3rd,  1852, 
married  Ross  Weeks,  Wheeling,  W.  Ya. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 

I     ! 


a)        13 


Q  £ 


z5 


S^  3  3  g 


THIRD  LIMB 


(4)   Seth  Oliver,  born  Feb.  16th,  1855. 

(-t)   Harriet   Beecher,   born    Sept.   9th,   1857, 
died  Oct.  26th,  1862,  of  diphtheria. 

(4)   Frances  Cornelia,  born  Dec.  26th,  1861, 
died  Feb.  3rd,  1911,  age  50. 

(4)  Alice    Roberta,    born    April    14th,    1865, 
died  Jan.  18th,  1891,  age  26. 


(4)  Mary  Lonisa  Williams. 

(Third  child  of  (3)  Robert  Williams  and 
(3M)  Sarah  Aim  Hampton  Williams). 

Born  Apiil  23rd,  1844  (living-,  1920). 

Married  Dec.  18th,  1870,  (4M)  John  Curtis 
Chandler,  born  July  14th,  1844,  died  Sept.  25th, 
1917. 

FIVE  CHILDREN— FIFTH  GENERATIOX 

(5)  Minnie  :\Iyrtle  Chandler. 

P.orn  Oct.  22nd.  1S72  (mairied  .Mai-ch  21st, 
1899,  to   (5M-    Viiliam  Howard   Dunlavy). 

(5)   :\Iilton  Cly.le  Chan. Her. 

Born  April  18th,  1874. 

]\tarried  May  17th,  1903,  to  (5]\I)  Pansy 
Minerva   Pilclicr. 

(5)   E.irl  Percy  (.'handler. 

Born  April  6tli,  1877. 

(5)   :\Iary  Ethel  Chaiidlei'. 

Bom  Dec.  28th,  1881. 

Married  Dec.  26th,  1906,  to  (5M)  Delbert 
William  Jdoore. 

(5)   Lulu  ilabel  Chandler. 

Born  Nov.  20th,  1884. 

Mari'ied  June  15th,  1913.  to  (5M)  Damon 
Pythias  Webster. 


(5)   Minnie  jMyrtlc  Chandler. 

(First   child   of    (4)    Mary   Lonisa   Williaii 
and  (4)  John  Curtis  Chandler.) 


Born  Oct.  22nd,  1872. 

:Married,  March  21st,  1899,  William  Howard 
Dnnlavy. 

FIVE  CHILDREN— SIXTH  GENERATION 

(6)   John  Harold  Dunlavy,  born  Dec.  22nd, 
1899, 

(6)   Mary  Ethel   Dunlavy,   born   April   13th, 
1902, 

(6)  IMabel    Lucile     Chandlei',    l)orn     Angn:;t 
10th,  1903, 

(6)   Charles  Lawrence  Dunlavy,  born  August 
10th,  1910, 

(6)   Frank  Leonard  Dunlavy,  born  June  25tli, 
1912. 


(5)  Milton   Clyde  Chandler. 

(Second  child  of   (4)   Mary  Lmiisa  Williams 
and   (4M)   John  Curtis  Chandler). 

Boi'u  April  18th,  1874. 

:\Iari-ied  :May  17th,  1903,  (5M)  Pansy  Miner- 
va Pilcher. 

TWO  CHILDREN— SIXTH  GENERATION 

(6)  Dorothy    Tmogene   Chandler,   born   Nov. 
15th,  1904, 

(6)    Doris    Irma    Chandler,   liorn   June   15th, 
1907. 


(5)  Earl  Percy  Chandler. 

(Third  child  of    (4)    Mary  Louisa  Williams 
and  (4M)  John  Curtis  Chandler.) 

Born  April  6th,   1877. 

Married  June  8th,  1904,  (5M)  Lucille  Shamel. 

ONE  CHILD— SIXTH  GENERATION 

(6)  Percy  Allison  Chandler,  born  March  1st, 
1906. 


THE     WILLIAMS     HISTORY 


i  I, 


"S 


THIRD  LIMB 


(5)  Mary  Ethel  Chandler. 

(Fourth  child  of  (4)   Mary  Louisa  Williams 
and  (4M)  John  Cui'tis  Chandler.) 

Born  Dee.  2Sth,  18S1. 

Married  Dee.  26th,  1906,   (5M)  Delbert  Wil- 
liam Moore. 
TWO   CHILDEEX— SIXTH   GENERATION 

(6)  Vii-sil    Dwiiiht    iloore,    born    Dee.    :3rd, 
1919. 

(6)   ilaro-aret     Virginia    ]\Ioore,    born    Feb. 
24th,  1917. 


(5)   Lulu  ilabel  Chandler. 

(Fifth   child   of   (4)    :Mary   Louisa    Williams 
and  (4il)  John  Curtis  Chandler.) 

r>orn  Nov.  20th.  1S84. 

:\rari'ied  Jmir   l.")tli.    191:!,  to    (.')M)     Damon 
Pythias  Webster. 

One  child— Sixtli   generation: 

((i)    Marv    Ruth     Wriister,  lioni    Oct.    2fith, 


(4)  Milton  Franklin  Williams  (fourth  child 
and  first  son  of  (3)  Robert  Williams  and  (3M) 
Sarah  Ann  Hampton  Williams). 

Born  Oct.  13th,  1846. 

Married,  Xovemhei'  2:!d,  IST."),  to  (4M)  Emma 
Priscilla  Stevens  i  horn  .Mairli  12,  lS,-.li|  of  Gil- 
lespie, Ills. 

FIVE  CIIILDREX— FIFTH   (iEXEHATlOX 

(.'-))  ililton  Judson  Williams,  born  Jan.  19tli, 
1S77; 

(.-)i  Ai'thur  Fi-anklin  Williams,  born  Dec, 
20th,  1S79,  mari'ied  Feb.  2(1.  19111,  Lydia  Arlliur 
liray  of  :\Ioorehouse,  .Mo.  (boi-ii  May  12,  IS!)!!). 

(.-))  :Maucle  Williams,  born  Jan.  21st,  bS«l, 
died  Fc'h.  4th,  ISSl. 

C))  Oliver  Julian  Williams,  born  March  4th. 
ISS4,  mari'ied  (oM)   Leontine  Kaltenbach. 


(5)   Florence  Williams,  born  April  9th,  1886, 
arried  June  17th,  1911,  (5M)  Edgar  Carson. 


(f))    Jliltou  Judson  Williams. 

(First  son  of  Milton  F.  and  Emma  Stevens 
Williams.) 

r.(n'u  Jan.  19,  1877. 

]Mai'ried  (Ti^M)  Mary  G.  Farley  (daughter  of 
Thoums  autl  Ella  Farley). 

One  child — Sixth  generation: 

(G)   ]Mabel  V(>ronica  Williams.  • 

Born  August  27,  1900. 

IMarricd  :Mareh  :30,  1921,  to  (6M)  Raymond 
Fred  Schneider  of  St.  Louis,  j\Io.  (sou  of  Louis 
II.  and  .Mary  Norris  Schneider).  Born  March 
10,  1894,  St.  Louis.  :Mo. 


(.'))   Arthui-  Franklin  Williams. 

(Second    sou    of    (4)    Milton    F.    and     (4JI) 
Emnm  Stevens   Williams.) 

l!o|-n   Dec.  20.  iS79. 

:\laiTie(l  Fell.  2(1,  1919,  to  (fiM)  Lydia  Arthur 
liray  of  ilooreluui.se,  Mo. 


(.'))    Oliver  Julian  Williams. 

(iMMii-lh    eliild   of    (4)    Milton   F.    and    (4M) 
nima    Stev.'us    Williams.) 


.M,- 


4,   1SS4. 


ilarricd  April  29.  IDdH  (.".M)  Lconline  Kal- 
lenbaeh  (danghtei'  of  Joseph  and  Emma  Kal- 
tenhaeh,  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  born  Aug.  12,  1884). 

TWO   (TIILDKEX— SIXTH    GEXERATION 

(6)  Leontine  ilai'gai'ct  Williams,  born  Jlay 
12,  19()i), 

(6 1  Milton  Franklin  Williams  the  Second, 
born  Jan.  29,  1914. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


i^ 


THIRD  LIMB 


(5)  Florence  "Williams. 

(Fifth    child    of    (i)    Milton   F.    and     (4M) 
Emma  Stevens  Williams.) 

Bom  April  9,  1886. 

Married  June  IT,  1911,  to  (5M)  Edgar  Mason 
Carson,  son  of    Lowell  Mason,  born    Feb.  27. 

1SS7. 

TWO   CHILDREN— SIXTH  OEXERATION 

(6)  Edgar  Mason  Carson,  born  Feb.  6,  1914. 

(6)   Florence    Ethel  Carson,    born    Dec.   28, 
1919. 


(4)  Ruthanna  Williams. 

(Fifth    child    of    iS)    Robert    Williams    and 
Sarah  Ann  Hampton.) 

Born  Feb.  ISth,  1850. 

Married  Flemmin  Mnrdock. 

TWO   CHILDREN— FIFTH  GENERATION 

(5)  Ethel  Roberta  :\Inrdock  (Bartlett), 
(5)   Clair  ]\Inrdoek. 


(4)   Sai'ah  Angelina  Williams. 

(Sixth  child  of  C-ii  Robert  Williams  and 
(3M)  Sarah  Ann  Hampton  Williams),  boi'n 
July  3rd,  1852. 

Married  to  Ross  Weeks,  Wheeling.  W.  Va., 
late.-  of  Chattanooga,  Tenn. 


(4)   Seth  Oliver  Williams. 

(Sevtsth  child  of  (3)  Robert  Williams  and 
(3M)  Sarah  Ann  Hampton  Williams.) 

Born  Feb.  16th,  18.^5. 

Married  Oct.  25,  1888,  to  (4M)  Ida  Ora  Hen- 
drix  (dantrhter  of  Thomas  and  Laura  Ilendi'ix). 


One  child — Fifth  generation: 
(5)   Robert  Earl  Williams. 
Born  Nov.  29,  1889. 


(5)   Robert  Earl  Williams. 

(Son  of  (4)  Seth  Oliver  Williams  and  Ida  O. 
Hendrix.) 

Born  Nov.  29,  1889. 

Married  March  7,  1919.  to  (5M)  Dorothy 
Dean  Smith  (daughter  of  Robert  and  Nancy 
6ow  Smith). 


(3)  Mary  Williams. 

(Fifth   child   of    (2)    Samuel    Williams    and 
(2M)   Sarah  Arnold.) 

Born  April  28,  1812. 

Died, . 

Married.  May  5,  1830,  to   (3M)  John  Hamp- 
ton (son  of  John  Hampton  and  Mary  Betts). 

TEN  CHILDREN— FOURTH   GENERATION 

(4)  Oliver  L.  Hampton,  liorn  ]\Iar.  2,  1831; 

(4)  Sarah  W.  Hampton,  born  Dee.  2,  1832; 

(4)  Robert  Hampton,  liorn  June  13,  1835; 

(4)  Lncinda  Hampton,  liorn  June  23.  1837; 

(4)  Anna  HamptDii,  boi'u  April  3,  1840; 

(4)  Eliza  Hampton,  born  April  5,   1844; 

(4)  Lovina  Hampton,  born  Jime  27.  1846; 

(4)  John  Hampton,  born  1849,  died  1850; 

(4)  Edward  Hampton,  born  July  2,  1851; 

(4)   Samuel   (twin),  born  July  2,  1851;  died 
in  two  months. 


Note. — See  page  38,  Hampton  History,  pub- 
lished by  Dr.  Solomon  E.  Hampton,  Milttni,  Ky., 
in  1911." 


THE     WILLIAMS     HISTORY 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


^  5 


THIRD  LIMB 


(3)  Elizabeth  Williams. 

(Sixth  child  of  (2)  Samuel  and  Sarah  Arnold 
Williams.) 

IJorii  June  7th,  1815. 

Died  ilarch  llth.  185(3. 

.Married    Dee.   30th,   ISil,    to     (3M)    James 
Gibbons. 


FIVE  CHILDKEX— FOURTH  GENERATION 


(4)  Marie  Gibbous, 

(4)   Myranda   Gibbons, 

(4)   DiHon  Gibbons, 

(4)   Lueinda  Gibbons, 

(4)   Peninah  Gibbons   (DeWees). 


(3)  Peninah  Williams. 

(Seventh  ehild  of  1 2 )  Samuel  Williams  and 
Sarah   Arnold  Williams.) 

r.orn  July  :;(lth.  1817. 

Died  Jan.  Kith,  1888,  aged  70. 

Married  March  9.  183(5,  to  (3M)  Joseph  Gib- 
bons (son  of  Homer  and  Martha  Gibbous).  He 
■was  one  of  the  older  sons  in  a  family  of  ten 
sons  and  two  daughters.  Born  Sept.  27th,  1811, 
near  P>ridgepoi-t.  Ohio.  Died  August  2Sth,  1006. 
ao-e  94  years  11  months. 

FOURTKKX   (  IIILnREN FOURTH 

(;KXERATI()N 

(4  I    Klnm  (iibbons.    Poni  0,-t.  :2:l,  18:18: 

(4)  Eli  W.  Giiiboiis.  I'.orn  June  27,  1840 
Married  Eliza  J.  .Me(;ra\v; 

(4)  Edmond  GilJions.  Born  1842.  Died  Jan. 
22, 1856. 

(4)  Homer  and  Samuel  (iiblions  (twins). 
Born  IS  14.     Died  in  infancy. 

(4)  Sarah  Gibbons.  Born  184(i.  Died  in  in- 
fancy. 


(4)  James  and  Mary  Gibbons  (twins).  Born 
March  19,  1847.  James  died  Jan.  20th,  1848; 
Mary  died  May  7th,  1848. 

(4)  Joseph  B.  Gibbons.  Born  Feb.  6,  1850.  Died 

.    ilarried  first  wife.  Rebecca  Edgerton; 

mari'ied  second  wife,  Elma  Tbonuis; 

(4)  Anna  and  Martha  Gibbons  (twins).  Born 
June  26,  1852.  Anna  married  Geo.  Spencer  of 
Springville,  Iowa,  and  died  1909.  IMartha  mar- 
ried Joshua  DeWees  and  died  at  Cleveland, 
Ohio.  Jan.  18,  1901; 

(4)  Elizabeth  Gibbons.  Born  Sept.  11,  1854. 
I\Iarried  David  Winder,  and  died  at  Nashua, 
Iowa,  Oct.  10.  1887. 

(4)   Lavina  Gibbons.    Born  Aug.  25,  1850. 

(4)  Edward  Gibbons.  I5orn  April  5,  1862. 
MaiTied  Olive  R.  Patterson. 


(4)  Eli  W.  Gil)bons. 

(Second  child  of  (3)  Peninah  Williams  and 
Joseph  Gilibons). 

Born  June  27,  1840. 

aiarried  Sept.  21,  1870,  to  (4M)  Eliza  J.  Mc- 
Grew  (daughter  of  Fiuley  W.  and  Rebecca 
i\IcGrew,  born  July  31,  1846;  died  April  29, 
1918.  age  72.) 

SIX  CHILDREN— FIFTH  GENERATION 

(5)  Fi'ederiek  R.  (iibboiis.  Born  Sept.  22. 
1871.     Died  June  21,  ISSl; 

(5)  Edith  K.  Gibl>ons.  P.orn  Oct.  19,  1875. 
Married  Charh-s  T.  Clai'k. 

(5)  Albert  W.  Gibbons.  I'.orn  Oct.  9,  1879. 
Died  April  8,  ISS:!. 

(5)   Emma  L.  Gibbons,    P.orn  :\Iarch  31,  1884. 

(5)  Ernest  il.  and  Edwin  :  D.  Gibbons 
(twins).  Born  Oct.  28,  188(i.  Ernest  M.  died 
March  3,  1888.     Edwin  D.  died  Julv  26,  1887. 


(5)    Kditli  E. 


)bons 


(Second  child  of  (4)   Eli  Gibbons  and  Eliza 
J.  McGrew.) 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


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THIRD  LIMB 


Bom  Oct.  19,  1S75. 

Married  Sept.  1,  1908,  to  (5M)  Charles  T. 
Clark  (son  of  Alexander  and  Adaline  Clark; 
born  Jan.  17,  1845;  died  April  20,  1911,  aged 
66.) 

TWO  CHILDREX— SIXTH  GENERATION 
(6)  Jennie  I.  E.  Clark.  Born  Feb.  10,  1910. 
(6)  Elma  C.  Clark.   Born  June  H5,  1911. 


(4)  Jcsepli  B.  Gibbons. 

(Ninth  child  of  (3)  Peninah  Williams  and 
(3M)  Joseph  Gibbons.) 

Born  Feb.  (i,  1850. 

Married  first  wife  Sept.  7,  1876,  to  (4M)  Re- 
becca Edgerton  (daughter  of  James  and  IMary 
Ann  Edgerton,  born  July  '2S,  1856,  died  Oct. 
10,1891). 

ONE  CHILD— FIFTH  GENERATION 

(5)  N.  Allen  Gibbons.  Born  July  21,  1877. 
Married  Nov.  4,  1908,  to  (5M)  Lida  T.  Kreis 
(born  Feb.  28,  1881V 

TWO  CHILDREN— SIXTH   (iENFRATION 

(6)  Infant,  bi)rn  Nov.  9,  190.9,  died  same  day. 

(6)  Lida  Helen  Gibbons,  born  ilareh  10, 
1912. 

Again— 

(4)  Joseph  B.  Gibbons. 

Married  second  wife  March  24,  18)7,  to  (4M) 
Elma  Thomas  (daughter  of  Bradna>-  and  Ra- 
chel Thomas). 

ONE  CHILD— FIFTH  GENERATION 

(5)  Clara  B.  Gibbons. 

Born  April  25,  1898.     Died  :May  9,  1900. 


(4)   ]\Iartha  Gibbons. 

(Eleventh  child  of  (.3)  Peninah  Williams  and 
(3M)  Joseph  Gibbons.) 

Born  June  26,  1852. 


Died  Jan.  IS,  1901. 

iMarried  to  (4M)  Joshua  DeWees. 

FIVE  CHILDREN— FIFTH  GENERATION 

(5)   Elwood  DeAVees.    Born  March  13,  1871 
(mai-ried  Anna  Giffen). 

(5)   Marianna  DeWees.    Born  Jan.   IS,  1874 
(married  Oliver  Binns). 

(5)   Joseph   DeWees.     Born    Sept.   13,    1875 
(married  Helen  Fay  Shipley). 

(5)   William  Wilbur  DeWees.    Born  May  9, 
1879.    Died  Sept.  20,  1880. 

(5)   Clifton  DeWees.     Born  Sept.  4th,  1887. 
Died  Feb.  27,  1888. 


(5)  Elwood  DeWees. 

(First  child  of  (4)  Martha  Gibbons  and  (4M) 
Joshua  DeWees.) 

Horn  March  13,  1871. 

:Mari'icd  -May  10,  1899,  to  (5M)  Anna  Gifit'en 
(daughter  of  Peter  and  Katherina  Gilifen,  born 
Sept.  1,  1874). 

TWO   CHILDREN— SIXTH  GENERATION 

(6)  Katherina  DeWees.   Born  July  11,  1904. 
((i)    Dorothy  DeWees.    I!orn  May  14,  1907. 


(5)   IMarianna  DeWees. 

(Second   child   of    (4)    Martha    Gibbons   and 
(4M)  Joshua  DeWees.) 

Horn  Jan.  18,  1874. 

Married  to  (5M)  Oliver  Binns. 


(5)   Joseph  DeWees. 

(Third  child  of  (4)  Martha  Gibbons  and 
(4M)  Joshua  DeWees.) 

Born  Sept.  13,  1875. 

Married  Oct.  2,  1901,  to  (5M)  Helen  Fay 
Shipley  (daughter  of  Vincent  and  Ann  Ship- 
ley). 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


=  E 


THIRD    LIMB 


FIVE  CHILDKEN— SIXTH  GENERATION 


(6)   Watson  S.  DeWees.    Born  July  4,  190-2; 

(6)   Martha   Grace   DeWees.    Born   Feb.   28, 
1904: 

(6)  Helen  M.  DeWees.    Born  April  3,  1909; 

(6)   Wilford    J.    DeWees.     Born    April     14, 
1911; 

(6)   Donald  E.  DeWees.    Born  May  13,  1913. 


(4)   Edward   Gibbons. 

(Fourteenth  child  of  (3)  Peninah  Williams 
and  (3M)  Joseph  Gibbons.) 

Born  April  15,  1862. 

Married  April  28,  1898,  to  (4M)  Olive  R.  Pat- 
terson (daughter  of  Eli  and  Tabitha  Patterson, 
born  Oct.  11,  1869). 


TWO   CHILDREN— FIFTH   GENERATION 


(5)   Lcland  8.  Patterson.   Born  .Sept.  12, 1900, 

(5)   Mortimer  C.  Patterson.    Born  March  2, 
1909. 


(3)   Martha  Williams. 

(Ninth   child   of    (2)    Sa;nnel    Williai 
Sarah  Arnold  Williams.) 


Born    Apri 


1822.      Died    Dec.    29,    1849. 


Age  27. 

Married  Nov.  21st,  1843,  to  (3M)  Jonathan 
Stanton,  wiio  was  one  of  six  children  of  Borden 
Stanton  and  Nancy  Stanton. 

THREE  CHILDREN— FOURTH  GENERA- 
TION 

(4)  Richard  W.  Stanton, 
(4)  John  W.  Stanton, 


(4)   Eliza  Jane  Stanton. 


(3)  Samuel  B.  Williams. 

(Eleventh  child  of  (2)  Samuel  Williams  and 
(2M)  Sarah  Arnold  Williams.) 

Born  near  Somcrton,  Belmont  Co.,  Ohio, 
March  27,  1827 ;  died  May  19,  1904.    Age  77. 

Married  March  14,  1850,  to  (3M)  Ruthannah 
Hampton,- born  Sept.  11,  1826;  died  Oct.  31, 
1891,  at  Martin's  Ferry,  Ohio  (sister  of  Sarah 
Ann  Hampton,  who  was  the  mother  of  Milton 
F.  Williams,  the  author  of  this  history). 

SEVEN    CHILDREN    (FOUR     BOYS     AND 
THREE  GIRLS)— FOURTH  GENERATION 

(4)  Willoughby  Leroy  Williams.  Born  Feli. 
14,  1851,  Somerton,  Ohio.  Died  March  2, 1854, 
Barnesville,  Ohio. 

(4)  Emma  Orilla  Williams.  Born  March  27, 
1853,  Baresvillc,  Ohio  (mari-ied  June  3,  1879, 
(4M)  Joseph  L.  Wells,  Martin's  Ferry,  Ohio). 

(4)  Sarah  Jane  Williams.  Born  Jan.  27, 
1856,  Baresville,  Ohio.  Died  Dec.  25,  1862, 
Bridgeport,  Ohio. 

(4)  Mary  Klla  Williams.  Born  Feb.  13,  1859, 
Baresvillc,  Ohio.  Died  July  2,  1860,  Bares- 
ville, Ohio. 

(4)  Joseph  Comley  Williams.  Born  Sept.  20, 
1861,  Baresville,  Ohio.  Died  Dec.  7,  1862, 
Bridgeport,  Ohio. 

(4)  Flora  Anna  Williams.  Boi'n  Dec.  17, 
1863,  Wheeling  Island,  W.  Va.  (married  Sept. 
18,  1889  (4M)  Walter  L.  Williams,  Wheeling, 
W.Ya.). 

(4)  Samuel  Mortimer  Williams.  Born  Nov. 
1st,  1867,  Wheeling  Island,  W.  Va.,  now  living 
Lima,  Ohio  (married  first  wife,  Eliza  Hyer,  of 
Hannibal,  Ohio,  who  died  August  26,  1907 ; 
married  second  wife  (4M),  Edith  M.  Kniseley, 
Oct.  7, 1908,  of  Lima,  Ohio,  who  had  two  daugh- 
ters, Lucille  and  Jeanerette  Kniseley,  by  her 
first  husband). 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


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THIRD  LIMB 


Again  (3)  Samuel  B.  Williams. 

Married  second  wife  Dee.  23,  1892,  Rebecca 
Warrall  Bundy,  who  died  April  6,  1901. 


(4) 


Orilla  Williams. 


(Second  child  of  (3)  Samuel  B.  Williams  and 
(3M)   Ruthanna  Hampton.) 

Born  March  27,  1853. 

Married   June   3,    1879,   to    (4M)    Joseph   L. 
Wells,  Martin's  Ferrv,  Ohio. 


THREE  CHILDREN— FIFTH  GENERATION 

(5)   Lorle  Eloisc  Wells.    Born  July  27,  1880 
(married  Ralph  E.  Rider)  ; 

(5)  Paul   Mortimer   Wells.    Born    Sept.    16, 
1881  (married  Elizabeth  K.  Swartz). 

(5)  Lillian  Ruthannah  Wells.    Born  Aug.  4, 
1884  (married  Colven  Bird  Gray). 


(5)  Lorle  Eloisc  Wells. 

(First   child   of    (4)    Emma   Orilla    Williams 
and  (4M)Joseph  L.  Wells. 

Born  July  27th,  1880. 

Married  March  24,  1904.  to 
(5M)   Ralph  E.  Rider   (son  of  Eugene  II.  and 
Lulu  Donahu  Rider,  Martin's  Ferry,  Ohio). 


FOUR   CHILDREN— SIXTH   GENERATION 


Jan.  10, 


(6)   Lawrence  Eu<>ene  Rider.    Bon 
1905.     Died  Jan.  14,  1905 ; 

(6)   Lois   Ruthannah    Rider.    Born    Dec.    12, 
1905.     Died  March  26,  1906 ; 

(6)   Emmy  Lou  Rider.    Born  .Alarch  29,  1913, 
Atlanta,  Ga. 

(6)  Jane   Elizabeth   Rider.    Born    April    22, 
1915,  Atlanta,  Ga. 


(5)   Paul  Mortimer  Wells. 


(Second  child  of  (4)   Emma  Orilla  Williams 
and  (4M)  Joseph  L.  Wells.) 

Born  Sept.  16,  1881. 

Married  July  25,  1905,  to 
(5M)  Elizabeth  K.  Swartz  (daughter  of  Henry 
and  Lucy  Ellis  Swartz.) 

THREE  CHILDREN— SIXTH  GENERATION 

(6)   Paul  Hampton  Wells.  Born  Jan.  14,1911. 
Died  Jan.  18,  1911. 

(6)   Lawrence  Henry  Wells.    Born  March  18, 
1907  (Martin's  Ferry,  Ohio). 

(6)   Nina  Eloise  Wells.    Born  April  5,   1909 
(Martin's  Ferry,  Ohio). 


Ruthamiah   Wells 


(Third   child  of   (4)    Emma   Orilla  Williams 
and  (4M)  Joseph  L.  Wells.) 

Born  Aug.  4,  1884. 

Married  Aug.  30,  1903,  to 
(5M)  Colven  Bird  Gray  (son  of  J.  Colven  Gray 
a)ul  Clara  Bird). 


ONE  CHILD— SIXTH  GENERATION 


(6)   Joseph  Mortimer  Gray.    Born  March  25, 
1904. 


(4)  Flora  Anna  Williams. 

(Sixth  child  of  (3)  Samuel  B.  Williams  and 
(3M)  Ruthanna  Hampton  Williams.) 

Born  Dec.  17,  1863,  Wheeling  Island,  W.  Va. 

:Married  Sept.  18,  1889,  to 
(4M)  Walter  L.  Williams,  Wheeling,  W.  Va. 


(4)   Samuel  Mortimer  Williams. 

(Seventh  child  of  (3)   Samuel    B.  Williams 
and  (3M)  Sarah  Arnold  Williams.) 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


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THIRD— FOURTH    LIMB 


Born  Nov.  1,  1867,  Wheeling  Island,  W.  Va. 

Married  (first  wife)  Eliza  Hyer  of  Hannibal, 
Ohio,  who  died  Aug.  26,  1907.      . 


TWO   CHILDREN— FIFTH   GENERATION 

(5)  Flora  Irene  Williams.  Born  Nov.  2. 
1892,  Martin's  Ferry,  Ohio  (married  Carl  Dean 
Crites) ; 

(5)  Samuel  Godfrey  Williams.  Horn  Oct.  1, 
1895,  Lima,  Ohio.   Died  July  31,  1913,  Lima,  0. 

Again — 

(4)  Samuel  M.  Williams  married,  Oct.  7, 
1908,  second  wife,  Edith  Monuette  Kniseley 
(born  July  U,  1S76.  who  had  two  daughters, 
Lucile  and  Jeanerette  Kniseley,  by  her  first 
husband). 

TWO   CHILDREN— FIFTH   GENERATION 

(5)  Robert  ilonnette  Williams.  Horn  June 
24,  1911  ; 

(5)  James  Mortimer  Williams.  ISorn  Jan.  6, 
1915. 


(5)   Flora  Irene  Williams. 

(First    child   of    (4i    .Samuel    Mortimer   Wil- 
liams and  '4M)  Eliza  liver  Williams.l 


Born  Nc 


Married  Feb.   6.   191.5,  to    (5-M)     C 
Crites,  at  Lima,  Ohio. 


Ohio. 
Dean 


Note. — This  is  as  far  as  I  have  been  able  to 
trace  the  descendants  of  (2)  Samuel  Williams 
(my  grandfather),  the  son  of  (1)  Robert  Wil- 
liams and  Anne  Shoebridge  Williams,  as  shown 
by  the  third  limb  of  the  Genealogical  Tree,  Cut 
No.  268.  It  only  remains  to  trace  the  descend- 
ants of  John  Shoebridge  Williams,  as  shown  by 
the  fouith  liiid)  of  said  tree. 


(2)  John  Shoebridge  Williams. 

(Son  of  (1)  Robert  Williams  and  (IM)  Anne 
Shoebridge  Williams.) 

Born  July  31,  1790,  near  Beaufort,  N.  C. 

Died  April  27,  1878,  age  88,  at  Viola,  Iowa. 

Married  Sept.  16,  1813,  to 

(2M)  Sarah  Patterson  (one  of  nine  children  of 
Joseph  and  Hanna  Marmon  Patterson.)  Born 
April  8,  1790 ;  died  May  29,  1858,  at  Cincinnati, 
0.     Age  68. 

TEN  CHILDREN— THIRD  GENERATION 

(3)  Benjamin  Franklin  Williams.  Born  June 
6,  1815.     Died  Aug.  15,  1S74. 

(3)  Hannah  Marmon  Williams  (Stone). 
Born  Feb.  27,  1817.    Died  Dec.  15,  1876. 

(3)  Robert  Fulton  Williams.  Born  May  21, 
1819.    Died  August  11,  1903. 

(3)  Anne  Shoebridge  Williams  (Beman). 
Born  Aug.  8,  1820,  Brownsville,  Pa.  Died  Nov.. 
1910. 

(3)  John  Bouvier  Williams.  Boi'ii  Aug.  4, 
1822.     Died  Sept.  14,  1835,  age  13. 

(3)  Elizabeth  Williams  (Ayres).  Born  Nov. 
18,  1824.     Died  Oct.  21,  1846. 

(3)  Jo:;eph  Patterson  Williams.  Born  June 
22,  1827.     Died  Oct.  12,  1909. 

(3)  Sarah  Jane  Williams  (Farmer).  Born 
May  4,  1829. 

(3)  Mary  Louisa  Williams.  Born  Nov.  21, 
18^1.     Died  May  24,  1836. 

(3)  Martha  Belle  Williams  (Van  Vleck). 
Born  Dec.  23,  1833.     Died  Jan.  11,  1903. 

Again — 

(2)  John  Shoebridge  Williams  married  sec- 
ond wife  Aug.  26,  1858  (2M)  Drusilla  Horner 
(the  daughter  of  John  and  Lydia  Horner,  born 
Sept.  15,  1829,  and  died  Oct.  24,  1870,  without 

issue). 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


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FOURTH    LIMB 


THE  PATTERSON  FAMILY 

Joseph  Patterson. 

Born  March  IS,  1753. 

Died  May  7.  1816.    Age  63. 

Married,  1775,  to 
Hannah  Marmon.     Born  Feb.  27.   1753.     Died 
Feb.  9,  1820.     Age  67. 

Nine  children : 

Benjamin,  boi'n  1778 ; 

Jaminia,  boin  1776: 

Anne,  born  1779; 

John,  born  1781 : 

Elizabeth,  born  1783; 

Jool.  born  1785. 

(2M)  Sarah,  born  April  8,  1790.  Died  May 
29,  1858.  She  was  married  to  (2)  John  Shoe- 
bridge  Williams  Sept.  16.  1813,  and  had  ten 
children. 

Rebecca,  171)2. 

Isaac,  1795. 


(3)   Benjamin  Franklin  Williams. 

(First  child  of  (2)  John  Shoebridge  Williams 
and  (2M~)  Sarah  Patter.son  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio.) 


Born  June  6,  1815,  ai  ]\v 
Died  Aug.  15,  1871.    Ag, 


Pa. 


Married.  April  7,  1836,  to  fiist  wife 
(3M)   Rebecca  Wright  Ward   (child  of  James 
and  Martha  Wright  Ward,  of  Paris,  Ky.).  Born 
Oct.  3,  1814.   Died  Feb.  4,  1844,  at  Cincinnati, 
Ohio. 

SIX  CHILDREN— FOURTH  GENERATION 

(4)   Charles  F.  Williams.    Born  in  Hillsboro, 
0.,  Jan.  21.  1837.    Died  1858. 

(4)  Mary  Louisa  Williams.    Born  in  Hills- 
boro, 0.,  Nov.  25,  1838. 


(4)  Henry  Harrison  Williams.  Born  Jan.  10, 
1840,  in  Hillsboro,  0.    Died  Feb.  22,  1882. 

(4)   Virginia  R.  Williams,  born  in  Hillsboro, 
0.,  Feb.  14,  1842.    Died  1846. 

(4)   James  and  John  Williams  (twins).  Born 
in  Cincinnati,  0.,  Dec.  3,  1843. 


(4)  Henry  Williams 

(Third  child  of  (3)  Benjamin  Franklin  Wil- 
liams and  (3M)  Rebecca  Wright  'Ward  Will- 
iams), was  married  somewhere  in  Kansas,  and 
there  were  two  children  born — a  girl  named 
Hallie,  and  a  boy,  but  there  is  nothing  definite- 
ly known  of  them — only  that  the  wife  and  the 
little  bov  died. 


(4)  Johi 

(Sixth  (■ 


Wi 


(if  {:'.)   Bcujaiiiin  Fi-iiiklin  Wil- 
liams and  Rebecca  Wright  Ward  Williams.) 

Born  Dec.  3,  1843.    Died  . 

Married  to 
(4M)    Martha   Crites    (daughter  of  Langston). 
Born .     Died  Sept.,  1892. 


Again — 

(3)  l)cnjamin  Franklin  Williams. 

(Fi)-st  child  of  (2)  John  Shoebridge  Williams 
and  Sai'ah  Patterson  Williams,  Cincinnati,  O.) 

Married  Dec.  21,  1847,  second  wife,  (3M) 
Lucy  Nye,  born  April  5,  1824,  Cincinnati,  O. 
Died  March  3,  1902,  Waterloo,  Nebr.   Age  78. 

FOUR  CHILDREN,  BORN  AT  CINCINNATI, 
0.— FOURTH    GENERATION 

(4)  Edwin    Williams.     Born    July    12,    1850 
Twin  Falls,  Idaho). 

(4)  Louis  Williams.    Born  March   12,   1854 

(Seattle  Wash.). 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


FOURTH   LIMB 


(4)  James  B.  Williams.    Born  Oct.  2S,  1S55 
(Stapleton,  Neb.). 

(4)   Frank  Williams.    Born  Sept.  7,  1856. 


r4)   Edwin  William?, 

(First  child  of  (3)  Benjamin  Franklin  Wil- 
liams and  (-'l)  Lucy  Nye  Williams  (Cincinnati, 
Ohio). 

Born  July  12,  1850,  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Died . 

Married  April  10,  1873,  to 
(431)  Alice  Huddleston   (daughter  of  Solonnni 
and   Christina    Myers    Huddleston    of    Dublin, 
Ind.)    Born  Jan.  18,  1855,  Duhlin,  Ind. 

SIX  CHILDREN— FIFTH  GENERATION 

(5)  Walter  H.  Williams.  Born  Sept.  20, 
1874; 

(5)   Madge  Williams.     P.orn  Oct.  24,  1880 ; 

(5)  Georgia  Williams.  Born  Feb.  5.  1883. 
Died  March  14,  1883 ; 

(5)   Karl  Williams.     Boi-n  .March  2,  1884; 

(5)  Frank  Williams.  Born  Jan.  18,  1887. 
Died  July  29,  1894. 


(5)   Christina  Williams 
(5)   Walter  H.  Willian 


•n  April  10,  1890. 


(First  child  of  (4'i  Edwin  Williams  and  (4:\I) 
Alice  Huddleston  Williams  of  Dublin.  Ind.) 

Born  Sept.  20,  1874,  at  Dublin,  Ind. 

Married  June  2,  1901.  to 
(5M)  Mary  Morris.   Born  Oct.  12,  1880,  Dublin, 
Ind. 


ONE  CHILD— SIXTH  GENERATION 


(6)   Christina  Elizabeth  Williams.   Born  May 
30, 1902. 


(5)  Madge  Williams. 

(Second  child  of  (4)  Edwin  Williams  and 
^4M)  Alice  Huddleston  Williams  of  Dublin, 
Ind.) 

Born  Oct.  24,  1880,  at  Dawsonville,  Ga. 

Married  Sept.  12,  1900,  to 
(5M)  G.  W.  Moore  at  Dublin,  Ind. 


ONE  CHILD— SIXTH  GENERATION 
(6)   Harold  W.  Moore.  Born  March  17,1902. 


(4)  Louis  Williams. 

(Second  child  of  (3)  Benjamin  fi'anklin 
Williams  and  Lucy  Nye  Williams,  Cincinnati, 
Ohio.) 

Born  March  12,  1854,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Married  Dec.  12,  1890,  to 
(4M)  Minnie  S.  Shrader  (daughter  of  Charles 
and  Ellen  C.  Young  Shrader  of  Lancaster,  Wis. 
P>oru  at  Lancaster,  Wis.,  Feb.  26,  1868.) 


ONE  CHILD— FIFTH  GENERATION 


(5)   Frank  S.   Williams.    Born  Oct.  31,  1893. 
Died  Oct.  16,  1895. 


(4)  James  B.  Williams. 

(Third  child  of  (3)  Benjamin  Franklin  Wil- 
liams and  Lucy  Nye  Williams  of  Cincinnati,  0.) 

Born  Oct.  28,  1855,  Cincinnati,  0. 

Married  March  19,  1892,  to 
(4M)    Cora   E.   Lee    (daughter   of   Joseph   and 
Selina    J.  Douglas,  Madison    Co.,  Ind.)     Born 
Madison  Co.,  Ind.,  April  20,  1870. 

SIX   CHILDREN— FIFTH   GENERATION 

(5)  Merle  Williams.  Born  March  19,  1893; 
(5)  Rexford  Williams.  Born  Oct.  11,  1894; 
(5)   Amy  Williams.    Born  March  9, 1896  ; 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


o    o 
£  <n 


FOURTH    LIMB 


(5)   Hallie  Williams.    Born  May  14,  1897  ; 

(5)   Dorothy  Williams.     Born  Oct.  19,  1898; 

(5)   Theodore  R.   Williams.     Born  April  21:, 
1900. 


(4)  Frank  Williams. 

(Fourth  child  of  (3)  Benjamin  Franklin  Wil- 
liams and  Lucy  Nye  Williams  of  Cincinnati, 
Ohio.) 

Born  Sept.  7,  1856,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Married  July  1,  1887,  to 
(4M)  Eunice  McNeill   (daughter  of  Allen  and 
Ruth  McNeill  of  Montreal.  Canada).     Born  in 
Watertown,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  10,  1870.     Died  June 
25,1891. 

A  little  baby  j)oy  was  born  and  was  l)uried 
with  his  mother. 

Again — 

(4)  Frank  Williams. 

(Fourth  child  of  (3)  Benjamin  Franklin 
Williams  and  Lucy  Nye  Williams  of  Cincinnati, 
Ohio.) 

Born  Sept.  7,  1856,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

ilarried  May  14,  1895,  to  (second  wife)  An- 
nie Volck  (child  of  Henry  and  Elizabeth  Beech- 
er  Yolek,  of  Chicago,  Ills.)  Born  Oct.  3, 187(5, 
at  Chicago. 


ONE  CHILD— FIFTH  (4KNERATI0N 


(5)  Harvey  Bellcwood  Williams. 
Born  Sept.  8,  1899. 


(3)  Hannah  ]\Iarinon  Williams. 

(Second  child  of  (2)  John  Shoebridge  Wil- 
liams and  (2M)  Sarah  Patterson  Williams,  of 
Cincinnati,  Ohio.) 

Born  Feb.  27,  1815,  at  Brownsville,  Pa. 

Died  Dec.  15,  1876,  age  59. 


Married  Sept.  13,  1838,  to 
(3M)  Benjamin  T.  Stone.     Died  June  24,1888, 
San  Jose,  Cal.     (No  children.) 


(3)  Robert  Fulton  Williams. 

(Third   child   of    (2)    John   Shoebridge   Wil- 
liams and  Sarah  Patterson  Williams.) 

Born  May  21,  1818,  at  Brownsville,  Pa. 

Died  August  11,  1903,  at  Asbnry  Park,  N.  Y. 
Age  84. 

ilarried  Feb.  12,  1848, 

(3M)  Louisa  Farmer  (the  daughter  of  William 
and  Mary  Farmer  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio.)  Born 
March  3,  1823,  Bath  England.  Died  March  26, 
1893,  New  York  Citv.     Asie  70. 


FIYE  CHILDREN— FOURTH  GENERATION 

(4)    Walter  Dark  Williams.    Born  Aug.   16, 
1849.     Died  Dec.  28,  1870. 

(4)   Rolierta  Williams.    Born  June  19,  1855. 
Died  Dee.  18,  18.58. 

(4)   Robert.     Born  Sept.  9,  1858. 

(4)   Hannah  Marmon  or  (Dot). 

(4)   Charles  Williams.     P>orn  Nov.  18,  1865. 

(3)   Anne   Shoebridge  Williams. 

(Fourth  child  of   (2)  John  Shoebridge  Wil- 
liams and  Sarah  Pattei'son  Williams.) 

Born  Aug.  8,  1820,  Brownsville,  Pa. 

Died  Nov..  1910. 

Married  Sept.  13,  1838,  to 

(3M)  Isaac  C.  Beman  (son  of  David  and  Eliz- 
abeth Beman).  Born  Dec.  23,  1813.  at  Boston, 
Mass.  Died  May  21,  1868,  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
Age  55. 

(Divorced  May  20,  1846,  at  Cincinnati,  0.) 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


FOURTH  LIMB 


THREE  CHILDREN— FOURTH  GENERA- 
TION 

(4)    Sarah  Elizabeth  Beiuan.     Born  July  2, 
1839; 

(4)  John  Henrj'  Beman.    Born  Oct.  21,  1840 ; 
died  Feb.  6,  1847 ; 

(4)   Anna    Beman    (Swain).    Born  July    30, 
1843.     Died  July  29,  1886. 


(4)  Anna  Beman. 

(Third  child  of  (3M)  Isaac  Chandler  Beman 
and  (3)  Anne  Shoeb ridge  Williams  Beman.) 

Born  June  30,  1843.  at  Reading,  Ohio. 

Died  July  29,  1886,  at  San  Jose,  Cal.,  age  43. 

Married  May  25,  1865,  to 
(4M)    Remus    Swain     (son    of  Jonatiian    and 
Eunice    Gardner    Swain     of    North    Carolina). 
Born  Jan.  17,  1839,  in  Jlarion  Co.,  Ind. 

THREE  CHILDREN— FIFTH  GENP^RATION 

(5)  Lawrence    Swain.    Born    Ma.v    1,    1866. 
Died  Dec.  10.  1868  ; 

(5)   Anna  Viola  Swain  (Du  Bose).  Born  Dec. 
13, 1869 ; 

(5)   Myrtle  Swain  (Damron).    Born  Feb.  22, 
1876. 


(5)  Anna   Viola   Swain. 

(Second  child  of  (4]M)  Remus  Swain  and  (4) 
Anna  Beman  Swain.) 

Born  Dec.  13,  1869,  at  Richmond.  Ind. 

Married  Oct.  3,  1889,  to 

(5M)  Gordon  DuBose  of  Darlington,  S.  C.  Born 
Sept.  27,  1865. 

FIVE  CHILDREN— SIXTH  GENERATION 

(6)  Anna    Louise    DuBose.     Born    Aug.     9, 
"1890.     Died  June  2,  1891 ; 

(6)  Wilds  DuBose.    Born  Sept.  29,  1891 ; 


(6)   Clifton    DuBose.     Born    Aug.    19,    1893. 
Died  July  15,  1894; 

(6)   Clifford  DuBose.    Born  Jan.  4.  1895; 

(6)  Sidney  DuBose.    Born  March  15,  1898. 


(5)  Myrtle  Swain. 

(Third  child  of  (4M)  Remus  Swain  and  (4) 
Anna  Beman  Swain.) 

liorn  Feb.  22,  1878,  at  San  Jose,  Cal. 

Married  to 
(5M)  Charles  Pleasant  Damron  (son  of  James 
and  Sidney  Rose  Damron.)     Born  Oct.,   1868, 
near  A'ienna,  Ills. 

THREE  CHILDREN— SIXTH  GENERATION 

(6)  Anna   Louise   Damron.     Born   Sept.    19, 
1900; 

(6)   Helen  Damron.     Boru  Nov.  19,  1902; 

(6)   Katherine  Damron.     Born  Nov.  2,  1904. 


(3)  Elizabeth  Williams. 

(Sixth  child  of  (2)  John  Shoebridge  Wil- 
liams and  Sarah  Patterson  Williams,  Cincin- 
nati, Ohio.) 

Born  Nov.  18.  1824,  at  Uniontown,  Pa. 

Died  Oct.  21,  1846.     Age  22. 

Married  May  29,  1845,  to 

(3:\[)  John  Williams  Ayres.    Died  Oct.  22, 1847. 

ONE   CTIILD— FOURTPI  GENERATION 


(4)   Bonvier  A.yres. 

Born  Jul.v,  1846,  at  Cincinnati,  0.    Died  Nov. 
14,  1846. 


(3)  Joseph  Patterson  Williams. 

(Seventh  son  of   (2)   John  Shoebridge  Wil- 


liams.) 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


^.2 


FOURTH    LIMB 


Born  June  22,  1827,  at  Cambridge,  Ohio. 

Died  April  10,  1910.    Age  83. 

Married  Nov.  24.  1852,  to 
(3M)  Jane  Clifton   (child  of  Joseph  and  Alice 
Crosby    Clifton,     Barnard     Castle,     England.) 
Born  in  1832.    Died  April  10,  1910.    Age  78. 

ONE  CHILD— FOURTH  GENERATION 

(4)  Joseph  Clifton  Williams.  Born  Oct.  7, 
1853,  at  New  York  City. 

(3)  Sarah  Jane  Williams. 

(Eighth  child  of  (2)  John  Shoebridge  Wil- 
liams and  Sarah  Patterson  Williams,  of  Cincin- 
nati, Ohio.)   Born  May  4,  1829,  at  Zanesville,  O. 

Married  Oct.  10,  1848,  to 
(3M)  George  Winter  Farmer   (son  of  William 
and   JIary    Dark  Farmer   of    Bath,   England.) 
Born  Oct.  10.  1826,  near  Bath,  England.    Died 
Sept.  19,  1908,  at  Oskaloosa,  Iowa.    Age  82. 

FIVE  CHILDREN— FOURTH  GENERATION 

(4)  William  Gisborn  Farmer.  Born  Feb.  1, 
1850; 

(4)  Jennie  Belle  Farmer.  Born  Oct.  9,  1852 
(Fowler). 

(4)  George  Clinton  Fanner.  Born  June  29, 
1859; 

(4)  Charles  Edward  Farmer.  Born  March  7, 
1861; 

(4)  Sadie  :May  Farmer.  Born  May  10,  1869 
(Blanchard). 


(4)   William  Gisborn  Farmer. 

(First  child  of  (3M)  George  Clinton  Farmer 
and  (3)  Sarah  J.  Williams  Farmer  of  Cincin- 
nati, Ohio.) 

Born  Feb.  1,  1850,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Married  to 

(4M)  Emma  J.  Webb  (child  of  Thaddeus  and 
Sarah  Farmer  Webb  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio.)  Born 
Aug.  15,  1853. 


FOUR  CHILDREN— FIFTH  GENERATION 


(5)  Roy  Will  Farmer.    Born  Oct.  1,  1877; 

(5)  Carl   Prescott   Farmer.      Born   May    17, 
1881; 

(5)  Frederick  Fenn  Farmer.     Born  Jan.  12. 

1883; 

(5)  Robert  Lee  Farmer.     Born  Jan.  7,  1889. 


(5)  Roy  Farmer. 

(First  child  of  (4)  William  Gisborn  Farmer 
and  (4M)  Emma  Jane  Farmer  of  Keokuk,  la.). 

Born  Oct.  1,  1877,  at  Monroe,  Iowa. 

Married : 

(5M)  Susie  Nell  Fischer. 


(4)  Jennie  Belle  Farmer 

(Second  child  of   (3)   Sarah  Jane  Williams' 
and  (3M)  George  Clinton  Farmer.) 

Born  Oct.  9,  1852,  near  Bantam,  Ohio. 

Married  Oct.  1,  1884,  to 
(4M)  Frank  Gridley  Fowler  (son  of  Anson  and 
Harriette  Gridley  Fowler  of  Wheatland,  Mich.) 
Born  April  24,  1836,  Wheatland,  Mich.     Died 
Nov.  13,  1907,  Bridgeport,  Conn.    Age  71. 

TWINS— FIFTH  GENERATION 

(5)  Francis   Clinton  Fowler  and  Frederick 
Anson  Fowler.    Born  Sept.  17,  1887. 


(5)  Francis  Clinton  Fowler 

(Son  of  (4M)  Frank  Gridley  Fowler  and  (4) 
Jennie  B.  Fowler.) 

Born  Sept.  17,  1887,  Bridgeport,  Conn. 

Married  Oct.  9,  1912,  to 
(5M)   Lillian  I.  Munson  of  Warehouse  Point, 
Conn. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


FOUKTH    LIMB 


(5)  Frederick  Anson  Fowler 

(Son  of  (4M)  Frank  Gridley  Fowler  and   (4) 
Jennie  B.  Fowler.) 

Born  Sept.  17.  1887,  at  Bridgeport,  Conn. 

Married  Dee.  28,  1916,  to 
(5M)    Vira  Antoinette  Brailling  of  Stratford, 
Conn. 

(Fred  is  twin  brother  to  Francis.) 


(4)  Geo.  Clinton  Farmer  Jr. 

(Third  child  of  (3)  Sarah  Jane  Williams 
Farmer  and  (3jM)  Geo.  Clinton  Farmer  of  Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio.) 

Born  June  29,  1850. 


(4)  Charles  Edward  P^'armcr  (fourth  child  of 
(3M)  George  Clinton  Farmer  and  (3)  Sarah  J. 
"Williams  Farmer,  Cincinnati,  Ohi".) 

Born  March  7,  1861,  near  Bantam,  Oliio. 

Married  Sept.  8,  to 

(4M)  Anna  ^IcKittriek  (daughter  of  Alex. 
Blakcly  and  Elizabeth  Stewart  McKittriek  of 
Des  Moines,  la.).  Born  Feb.  28,  1868,  Boons- 
boroush,  la. 


ONE  CHILD— FIFTH  GENERATION 

(5)  George  Edward  Farmer.     Boi-n  June  24, 
1899,  in  Oklahoma  Territory. 


(4)  Sadie  May  Farmer 

(Fifth  child  of  (3M)  George  Clinton  Farmer 
and  (3)  Sarah  Jane  Farmer,  Cincinnati,  Ohio.) 

Born  May  10,  1869,  at  Keokuk,  Iowa. 

Married  Sept.  27,  1905,  to 
(4M)  Judge  Lucien  C.  Blanehard  of  Oskaloosa, 
Iowa. 


(3)  Mary  Louisa  "Williams 

(Ninth  child  of  (2)  John  Shoebridge  Wil- 
liams.) 

Died  in  fifth  year. 

(3)  Martha  Belle  Williams 

(Tenth  child  of  (2)  John  Shoebridge  Wil- 
liams and  Sarah  Patterson  Williams,  Cincin- 
nati, Ohio.) 

Born  Dee.  8,  1833,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Di«d  Jan.  11,  1903,  at  Boston,  Mass.    Age  69. 

Married  Dec.  8,  1852,  to  (3M)  William  Van 
Vleck  (son  of  Tunis  and  Mary  Brown  "Van 
Vleck.) 

Born  Sept.  9,  1820,  Peterboro,  N.  Y. 

Died  March  24,  1881.  Cincinnati,  O.,  age  60. 

FOUR  CHILDREN— FOURTH  GENERATION 
Boin  in  Ohio. 

(4)  William  Van  Vleck,  Jr. 

Born  Oct.  25,  1853.     Died  Sept.  25,  1880. 

(4)   Charles  W.  Van  Vleck. 

Born  July  21,  1855. 

(4)   George  Van  Vleck. 

Born  Oct.  3,  1863.    Died  Aug.  20,  1864. 

(4)   Anna  Belle  Van  Vleck. 

Born  Jan.  30,  1867. 


(4)  Charles  Van  Vleck 

(Second  child  of  (3M)  William  Van  Vleck 
and  (3)  Martha  Belle  Van  Vleek,  Cincinnati, 
Ohio.) 

Born  July  21,  1855,  at  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Married  Oct.  10,  1883,  to  (4M)  Egtelle  Lashe 
of  Atlanta,  Ga. 

Born  May  14,  1858. 


THE     WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


ONE  CHILD— FIFTH  GENERATION 

(5)  Helene  Estelle  Van  Vleck. 
Born  Dec.  22,  1885. 


(4)   Anna  Belle  Van  Vleck. 

(Fourth  child  of  (3M)  William  Van  Vleck 
and  (3)  Martha  Belle  Van  Vleck,  Cincinnati. 
Ohio.) 

Born  Jan.  30,  1867,  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Married  Aug.  1,  1899,  to  (4M)  Francis  Ham- 
let Owen  of  Boston,  Mass. 


(Son  of  Thomas  Owen  and  Elizabeth   Grif- 
fiths, Burslem,  England.) 

Born  June  5,  1867. 
THREE  CHILDREN— FIFTH  GENERATION 

(5)   Van  Vleck  Owen.    Born  Oct.  21, 1900. 

(5)   Francis   Hamlet   Owen,   Jr.     Born  July 
12,  1902. 

(.5)   Anna  Belle  Owen.    Born  Dec.  15,  1905. 


END  PART  SIX 


THE  WILLIAMS  HISTORY 


PART  SEVEN 


CITY  OF  ST.  LOUIS  AND  VICINITY 

ITS  FOUNDING,  EARLY  INHABITANTS,  INTERESTING 

FACTS  AND  STATISTICS 


FOUNDING  OF  ST.  LOUIS 

St.  Louis,  510.,  U.  S.  A.  Cut  No.  269  repre- 
sents Auguste  Chouteau,  -who  was  bom  August 
14,  1750,  at  New  Orleaus,  La.,  who  came  to  the 
site  of  the  future  St.  Louis,  and  arrived  here 
February  14,  1764,  diseoveriug  the  country  in 
general  en  route,  and  making  different  land- 
ings. On  February  15,  1764,  he  began  with 
his  selected  mechanics  to  build  log  cabins  for 


neering  and  the  daj's  of  backwoods  engineer- 
ing. These  men  were  a  thousand  times  great- 
er, taking  into  consideration  the  times,  than 
any  educated  engineer  of  today,  when  every- 
body is  ready  to  cater  to  his  wants. 

INDIAN  TREATIES 

Cut     No.     270     represents     Pierre     Laclede 
Ligueste,  real  founder  of  St.  Louis,  who  also 


''  ''■''' K.  ^ 


ir- 


"Vmj 


f' 


Cut  No.   269— Begmii 


storing  their  tools  and  housing  tliemselves, 
where  now  is  Second  and  Walnut  streets,  or 
near  the  former  site  of  Barnum's  Hotel.  As 
to  Bai'uum's  Hotel,  I  very  well  remember,  and 
I  think  this  building  later  became  the  prop- 
erty of  Herman  Heislcr.  However,  this  is  not 
authentic.  Cut  Xo.  269  shows  the  wonderful 
courage  and  undertaking  of  the  sturdy  adven- 
turers and  staunch  backwoodsmen  of  those 
days — men  of  courage  in  the  days  of  early  pio- 


left  New  Orleans  on  the  •'-ird  of  August,  1763, 
with  a  cargo  of  merchandise,  arriving  at  St. 
Genevieve,  which  Avas  the  only  large  French 
settlement  on  the  west  side  of  the  Mississippi 
River,  on  the  3rd  of  November,  1763,  leaving 
St.  Genevieve  shortly  and  arriving  at  St.  Louis 
on  the  14th  day  of  February,  1764.  Early  the 
next  morning  the  first  trees  were  cut  for  cabins. 
We  show  in  the  engraving  the  noble  redmen  sit- 
ting in  a  pow  wow,  ready  for  controversy,  and 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


with  the  man  having  his  sword  elevated  in  air, 
which  would  indicate  peace,  and  his  colleagues 
surrounding  him  ready  for  the  pow  wow,  and 
two  Indians  and  a  white  man  with  a  gun  stand- 
ing in  the  background  listening  to  the  speech- 
making.  Notice  the  two  canoes  at  the  shore 
which  the  rcdmen  used,  no  doubt,  for  transpor- 
tation, as  in  those  days  they  had  no  other 
means  of  navigation  upon  the  water  or  across 
the  river.  The  trees  on  the  bluff  indicate  where 
the  city  of  St.  Louis  now  stands,  with  St.  Louis 
county  and  the  whole  country  surrounding  on 
the  west  side  of  the  I'iver  at  the  great  apex 
of  hind  between  the  Mississippi  river  and  the 
Missouri  river.  The  most  eastern  portion  near 
the  Mississippi  river  was  covered  with  heavy 


Louis,  not  for  Louis  IX,  but  in  honor  of  Louis 
XV,  on  the  15th  of  March,  1764.  The  first  trees 
were  felled  to  clear  the  ground  on  the  river 
front  between  our  present  Market  and  Walnut 
streets.  A  shed  was  built  to  protect  the  pro- 
visions and  tools  and  some  cabins  to  shelter  the 
men.  The  first  colony  consisted  of  30  men. 
During  the  summer  Laclede's  house  and  store 
were  built  upon  ground  now  bounded  by  Main, 
Second,  Market  and  Walnut  streets.  Colonel 
Auguste  Chouteau  was  then  a  very  young  man, 
13  years  old. 

Laclede  named  the  village  St.  Louis.  In  1770 
There  were  115  houses — 100  of  wood  and  15  of 
stone.     Population  was  500.    In  1803,  when  the 


Cut  No.  270— Making  treaty 


timber,  so  that  the  early  pioneei's  hadn't  any- 
thing before  them  but  hard  work,  but  being 
adventurous  sturdy  men  out  in  the  open,  work 
was  no  doubt  their  chief  happiness.  They  en- 
joyed the  best  of  health,  and  knew  nothing  of 
the  bickerings  and  the  difficulties  encountered 
in  doing  business  like  today.  They  had  no 
competition.  They  drank  in  the  free  pure  air; 
they  did  not  belong  to  any  labor  union.  Their 
hearts  were  full  of  glory,  and  the  harder  they 
worked  the  more  their  happiness  and  the  great- 
er their  glory.  The.y  were  the  real  pioneers 
of  America. 

The  settlement  of  St.  Louis  was  first  known 
as  "Laclede's  Village."'     Laclede  named  it  St, 


United  States  purchased  "Louisiana,"  the  pop- 
ulation of  St.  Louis  Avas  925,  and  contained  180 
houses,  mostly  stone. 

INTERESTING  HISTORICAL  FACTS  ABOUT 
ST.  LOUIS 

(By  Idress  Head,  Librarian  of  the  Missouri  Historical 
Society) 

Pierre  Laclede  Ligueste,  a  Frenchman — to 
whom  jointl.v  with  his  associates,  Maxent  et 
al.,  the  Spanish  Government  had  granted  a, 
monopoly  of  the  Indian  trade  in  1763 — seek- 
ing a  location  for  his  trading  post,  chose  the 
site  now  occupied  by  St.  Louis  because  of  its 
advantageous  position;  but   to  Auguste  Chou- 


SPANISH— FRENCH— UNITED    STATES 


teau,  then  a  lad,  belongs  the  honor  of  laying 
out  the  town  and  erecting  the  first  homes,  he 
being  sent  here  for  that  purpose  by  Laclede 
with  a  company  of  men  in  the  Spring  of  1764. 

Later  Laclede  (as  he  usually  signed  himself) 
landed  at  the  foot  of  what  is  now  Walnut 
street,  and  named  the  post  St.  Louis,  in  honor 
of  Louis  XV  of  France,  and  his  patron  saint. 

For  many  years  Saint  Louis  was  called 
"Pain  Court,"  a  nickname  applied  to  it  in  de- 
rision by  inhabitants  of  St.  Genevieve,  who 
supplied  all  the  flour  at  first  lieeause  of  the 
scarcity  of  bread,  due  to  the  disinclination  to 
farming  among  the  French.  In  1S03,  when 
Louisiana  was  ceded  to  the  United  States,  there 
Avere  only  two  American  families  in  the  town. 

There  were  ouly  three  streets  at  this  time — 
La  Rue  Royale  (Main),  La  Rue  de  I'Eglise 
(Church  street),  now  Second,  and  La  Rue  des 
Granges  (Barn  street),  now  Third,  and  most 
of  the  one  hundred  and  eighty  houses  compris- 
ing the  town  were  biult  along  the  first  two. 
At  this  time  there  were  only  two  cross  streets 
bearing  titles.  La  Rue  de  la  Tour  (Tower 
street),  now  Walnut,  and  La  Rue  de  la  Place, 
the  "Place"  being  the  puldic  market.  It  may 
be  of  interest  to  know  that  in  1826.  wiien  a  sys- 
tem of  street  names  was  addjited,  tlic  names  of 
trees  were  used  almost  uiiivnsally,  though 
only  a  few  of  these  are  now  in  use — Chestnut, 
Olive,  Pine  and  Walnut,  ar.d  .'lor.th  of  ^Market 
a  few  others  still  retain  tlie  original  names 
In  the  western  part  of  the  city  tliei'e  ari^  two 
streets  bearing  historic  names — rirand  avenue 
and  King's  Highway.  Grand  avenue  was  the 
eastern  boundary  of  the  "Grand  Prairie"  in 
pioneer  days,  and  King's  Highway  was  the  old 
colonial  road,  the  property  of  the  King. 

In  180;!,  when  the  transfer  of  Upper  Loui- 
siana was  made  to  the  United  States,  this  Gov- 
ernment insisted  that  it  be  received  from 
France  according  to  the  terms  of  the  treaty 
with  Napoleon.  In  ordei-  to  do  this,  Delassus, 
Spanish  Commandant  at  Saint  Louis,  must  first 
deliver  the  counti-y  to  some  representative  of 
the  French  Government,  who  in  turn  would  de- 
liver it  to  the  United  States.     Pierre  Chouteau 


wa'3  first  chosen  to  represent  the  French  Gov- 
ernment, but  was  objected  to  on  the  ground 
that  his  residence  here  as  a  Spanish  subject 
barred  him.  Captain  Amos  Stoddard  was 
finally  chosen,  and  arrived  on  the  9th  of  March, 
1803,  and  on  his  arrival  run  up  the  French 
flag  as  the  Spanish  descended.  As  the  two 
flags  met  on  the  flagstaff,  salutes  were  fired. 

In  deference  to  the  French  nation,  and  by 
request  of  the  inhabitants,  the  French  flag  re- 
mained until  the  following  day,  March  10th, 
when  the  same  ceremony  took  place  in  raising 
the  American  Hag:  thus  Saint  Louis  has  the 
unique  distinction  of  having  seen  the  flags  of 
three  great  nations  floating'  over  her  in  token  of 
sovereignty  within  the  space  of  twenty-four 
hours,  a  distinction  that  p(issi))ly  caiuiot  be 
claimed  by  any  other  city. 

A  petition  for  the  incorporation  of  Saint 
Louis  as  a  town  was  presented  in  July,  1808, 
but  was  not  granted  by  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas  until  November  9,  1800,  with  a  popula- 
tion of  about  1800, 

It  was  incorporated  as  a  City  in  December, 
1822,  with  a  population  of  about  4800,  and  cov- 
ering an  area  of  three  luindred  antl  eighty-five 
acres.  Now  it  embraces  forty  thousand  acres, 
with  a  frontage  on  the  Mississippi  river  of 
twenty  miles,  and  a  population  of  over  700,000. 
In  October  of  the  year  1922,  it  is  planned  to  fit- 
tingly celebrate  the  one  liumlrcdtli  amiiver- 
sary  of  the  incorporation  of  this  great  city,  and 
to  erect  a  permanent  monument  at  this  cele- 
hi"ition  in  commemoration  of  that  event. 

The  first  fei'iy  across  the  ilississippi  was 
kept  liy  Calvin  Adams,  an  American,  below 
what  is  now  Elm  street.  This  ferry  consisted 
of  two  pirogues  tied  together,  with  planks  laid 
across  the  top,  ami  his  chai'ge  for  bringing 
over  a  man  and  ji-irse  was  $2.00.  Adams  also 
kept  the  only  American  tavern,  called  "The 
Old  Green  Tree  House." 

The  first  record  of  unusual  high  water  at 
Saint  Louis  was  in  1766,  the  next  in  1785 — 
called  "L'annee  des  Grandes  Eaux"  (the  year 
of  great  waters),  equaled  only  by  that  of  1844- 
1851-1858,  and  possibly  1903;  the  last  being  in 
1908. 


THE     WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Saint  Louis  has  also  been  visited  by  other 
disasters.  In  1849  a  great  fire  swept  the  en- 
tire river  front  and  business  section,  destroy- 
ing twenty-three  boats  and  many  blocks  of 
buildings,  the  damage  being  estimated  at 
$3,000,000.  In  the  summer  of  the  same  year 
the  cholera  epidemic  claimed  four  thousand 
persons;  and  in  May,  1896,  a  destructive  cy- 
clone swept  over  a  portion  of  the  city,  destroy- 
ing much  property  and  killing  many  persons. 

The  first  paper  published  in  the  town  was 
"The  Missouri  Gazette,"  the  first  number  being 
issued  in  July,  1808,  with  Joseph  Charles  as 
editor,  he  having  the  contract  to  do  the  print- 
ing for  the  then  "territory  of  Louisiana."  At 
that  time  the  paper  consisted  of  four  pages, 
measuring  12^  x  8  inches.  Between  1808  and 
1822  the  name  Avas  changed  several  times.  It 
was  then  called  "The  Missouri  Republican." 
later  the  "Saint  Louis  Republican,"  and  in 
1888  "The  St.  Louis  Republic,"  under  which 
name  it  is  now  published,  having  recently  i  :- 
sued,  in  1908,  a  Centennial  edition  of  exceeding 
interest,  containing  168  pages. 

On  December  4,  1919,  "The  Globe-Democrat" 
absorbed  "The  Republic,"  taking  over  its  sub- 
scribers, and  now  (1921)  claiming  to  be  an  in- 
dependent paper,  as  it  is  the  only  morning  news- 
paper in  St.  Louis  at  present. 

The  first  steam  fine  engine  arrived  in  Decem- 
ber, 1885. 

In  1816  the  first  steamboat,  the  (4eneral  Pike, 
commanded  by  Captain  Jacol)  Reed,  arrived  in 
St.  Louis  and  landed  near  the  foot  of  Market 
street,  creating  great  excitement.  The  inhabi- 
tants gathered  to  welcome  it,  among  them  a 
group  of  Indians,  which  became  frightened  and 
ran  away.  They  fled  to  the  high  ground  in  the 
rear  of  the  village. 

Up  to  this  time  all  keel-boating  was  done  liy 
haiid,  by  the  use  of  Cordelle  or  rope. 

The  freight  rate  from  New  Orleans  to  St. 
Louis  by  keel  boat  was  50  cents  per  pound,  or 
$1000  per  ton.  The  first  bank  organized  in  St. 
Louis,  the  Bank  of  Missouri,  received  its  char- 


ter in  1816,  Auguste  Chouteau  being  the  first 
president. 

Prior  to  1807  Colonel  Chouteau  conducted  a 
Ijanking  and  brokerage  house — the  first  in  the 
city. 

The  first  paving  stones  on  edge  were  placed 
by  William  Deckers  in  1818  on  Market  street, 
l)etween  Main  and  the  Levee.  The  first  brick 
pavement  Avas  laid  on  Second  street  in  1821. 
The  first  directory  of  St.  Louis  was  published 
in  1821  by  John  A.  Paxton,  containing  the 
names  of  749  citizens.  Copies  of  this  directory 
are  on  file  at  the  Missouri  Historical  Society 
and  the  Mercantile  Library. 

In  1843  Captain  Calvin  Case  and  Erastus 
Wells  started  an  omnibus  line  from  Third  and 
Washington  avenue  north  to  Belcher's  Grove 
(now  Palm  street).  A  wagonmaker  on  North 
Second  street  built  the  omnibus,  for  the  Gov- 
ci'nment,  originally  for  crossing  the  plains.  The 
southern  terminus  of  this  bus  line  was  the  Na- 
tional Hotel  at  Third  and  Market  streets.  They 
had  90  omnibuses  and  450  horses.  The  horse 
car  line  was  introduced  in  1859.  Erastus  Wells 
being  the  originator  and  first  president  of  the 
company. 

The  first  public  school  opened  in  St.  Louis  in 
1837.  First  brick  buildijig  was  erected  in  St. 
Louis  in  1812  by  Bartholeum  Barthold,  upon 
the  east  side  of  Main  street,  north  of  Market. 
The  fii'st  dwelling  of  brick  was  built  in  1815 
by  Judge  William  C.  Carr,  at  Main  and  Spruce 
streets,  and  is  still  standing.  First  Protestant 
church  built  by  the  Baptists  in  1818,  at  corner 
Third  and  ]\Iarket  streets. 

The  first  locomotive  arrived  at  St.  Louis  in 
1853.  The  Eads  Bridge  was  completed  in  1873. 
The  4th  of  Jidy,  1873,  it  was  opened  with  a 
celebration,  and  M.  F.  Williams  with  his  future 
wife  attended  tJie  opening  and  saw  the  pyro- 
technic display. 

Street  car  tracks  were  laid  on  Olive  street, 
between  Fourth  and  Twelfth,  and  in  July, 
1859,  Mr.  Wells  drove  the  first  car. 


INDIANS    OF    MISSOURI 


Next  came  the  People's  Raihvay,  with  Rob- 
ert M.  Rennick,  pi-esident. 


Citizen's   Railway,   B.    Gratz    Brown, 
wards  Governor,  organized  in  1859. 


after- 


Next  came  the  bob-tailed  ear — a  little  "din- 
ky" from  10  to  12  feet  in  length,  platform  in 
front  and  steps  behind ;  the  fare  was  dropped 
in  a  box  in  front.  The  Monnd  City  Line  in 
1874  used  a  double  decker  with  spiral  stairway 
to  the  upper  story. 

In  1885  the  cable  system  was  introduced. 
In  1887  the  Lindell  Railway  Co.  made  a  fruit- 
less efifort  to  operate  a  car  with  a  storage  bat- 
tery, but  after  a  few  months  of  determined 
work  abandoned  it. 

In  my  existence  in  St.  Louis,  and  aceoi'ding 
to  my  memory,  the  Thompson  Houston  Co.,  of 
Cleveland,  installed  a  trial  electric  trolley  line 
from  the  junction  of  Broadway  and  Seventh 
street  in  South  St.  Louis  down  to  the  Wild 
Hunters,  and  operated  it  for  some  time ;  after- 
wards it  was  removed,  and  olecti-ie  lines  in- 
Stalled  generally.  This,  1  tliink,  was  in  1S7S 
to  1885. 

In  1851.  in  July,  Mayoi-  Kennett  removed  the 
first  spade  full  of  earth  on  the  Missouri  Pa- 
cific Railroad,  which  took  place  on  the  south 
bank  of  Chouteau's  pond.  The  first  depot  was 
built  in  1872  at  Fourteenth  and  Poplar  streets. 
However,  when  I  came  into  St.  Louis  in  1872,  I 
landed  at  the  Missouri  Pacific  Seventh  Street 
Depot,  now  occupied  by  a  Samuel  Cupples 
building.  Idress  Head,  in  1909,  in  her  history 
of  St.  Louis,  states  that  28  roads  now  enter  St. 
Louis. 

The  United  Railways  consolidated  in  1899. 
In  1908  the  United  Railways  Company  carried 
over  its  city  lines  about  200,000,000  persons — 
16,797,890  more  than  in  the  year  previous. 


Captain  Robert  McCulloch  wi 
general  manager. 


president  and 


St.  Louis  is  claimed  to  have  the  largest  man- 
ufacturer of  electric  ears  in  the  world  in  the 


St.  Louis  Car  Co.  This  company  was  founded 
in  1887  by  J.  H.  Kobusch,  3000  N.  Broadway, 
now  at  8000  N.  Broadway. 

May  26.  1896,  at  5:30  in  the  evening,  a  cy- 
clone swept  over  the  southern  portion  of  St. 
Louis  and  destroyed  about  6,000  houses  and 
twent3'-five  churches. 

In  1818  two  fire  companies  wei'e  organized 
in  St.  Louis — North  Fire  Company  and  South 
Fire  Company. 

INDIANS   OF  MISSOURI 

Fort  Bellefontaine  (Cut  No.  273)  was  built 
one  year  before  the  French  trading  post  which 
ten  years  later  became  the  city  of  Alton,  Ills., 
on  the  Mississippi  river,  some  20  miles  north. 
Alton  was  founded  in  1807  and  was  laid  out  as 
a  city  in  1817  by  a  civil  engineer,  Rufns  Easton. 

Alton  lias  the  doubtful  honor  of  being  the 
place  where  Elijah  P.  Lovejoy,  the  abolitionist, 
fell  defending  his  printing  press  from  a  pro- 
slavery  mob  in  1837,  and  his  press  was  thrown 
in  the  river  by  this  mob  after  he  was  killed. 
(See  Cut  No.  272.) 

However.  Elijah  P.  Lovejoy  fir.st  started  his 
paper  in  St.  Louis  before  moving  to  Alton. 
He  was  run  out  of  the  city  of  St.  Louis  and 
almost  mobbed  before  going  to  Alton,  as  Mis- 
soui'i  was  a  slave  state  and  the  elements  were 
antagonistic  to  him.  This  was  at  the  time  that 
the  Anti-slavery  Standard  was  pulilished  in 
Bo.ston. 

IMany  years  afterwards  a  monument  was 
erected  in  memory  of  Lovejoj-  by  the  colored 
people  of  the  country.  ]\I.  F.  Williams  and  his 
wife  happened  to  be  visiting  in  Alton  on  tlic 
Sunday  in  which  this  monument  was  dedicated. 

Owen  I!.  Lovejoy,  of  New  York,  president 
of  the  National  Conference  of  Social  Work  and 
seci-etary  of  the  National  Child  Labor  Com- 
iiiittic,  is  a  grandson  of  the  pioneer  abolition- 
ist, Elijah  P.  Lovejoy,  of  Alton,  who  was  killed 
hrcause  of  his  activities  prior  to  the  civil  war 
in   behalf   of   the  negro   race   in  this   country. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


He  is  a  great  friend  of  the  Protestant  Friends 
of  Ireland,  and  lias  been  touring  the  country, 
speaking  in  the  larger  cities  on  the  subject  of 
Irish  independence,  from  the  viewpoint  cf  a 
Protestant  clergyman.  He  was  one  of  the  cler- 
gymen Avho  followed  the  groups  of  Belfast  min- 


drcn's  Statesman"  by  Dr.  Felix  Adler,  who 
assisted  him  in  his  work  on  this  measure.  The 
Xational  Conference  of  Social  Work  is  the  only 
body  of  its  kind  in  the  country  and  is  consid- 
ered one  of  the  most  representative  in  the 
world. 


Cut  No.  271 — Sioux  Indians  in  Missour 


isters  through  this  country  last  year  opposing 
Ireland's  claim  to  independence. 

A  number  of  efforts  have  been  made  by  Owen 
Lovejoy  to  have  the  child  labor  law  passed^  by 
Congress.    Lovejoy  has  been  called  the  "Chil- 


A  BIT  OF  ANTI-SLAVERY  HISTORY 

Sparks  Milling  Company,  Manufacturers  of 
Flour,  Alton,  111.,  U.  S.  A.,  June  15,  1920.— 
Mr.  M.  F.  Williams,  St.  Louis,  Mo.:  My  dear 
Mr.  Williams — We  sent  j^ou  two  pictures  yes- 


ELIJAH   P.  LOVEJOY 


terday.  It  is  a  fine  job  of  work,  and  I  believe 
you  will  be  well  pleased  with  the  result.  (See 
Cut  No.  272.^ 

I  have  studied   over  your  June   12th   letter 
carefullv,  and  will  trv  to  answer  vour  inciuirv 


Love.ioy  operated  his  press  in  the  same  build- 
ing. 

Now  this  old  press  of  his  was  pretty  heavy, 
and,  needless  to  say,  it  could  not  have  been 
thi'own   anv  distance  into  the   river  from  the 


as  to  just  \\here  this  iiross-frame  was  found 
and  how  it  liappened  1"  be  there.  We  found  it 
while  digging  earth  away  from  foundation  at 
southwest  corner,  or  up-river  end,  of  our  mill 
building  proper.  This  is  the  old  Godfrey  & 
Gillman  Wai-ehouse.  and  history  indicates  that 


warehouse  window.  Common  sense  compels  us 
to  believe  that  the  mob,  after  destroying  the 
press  with  a  sledge  hammer  as  history  recounts, 
must  have  pushed  and  dragged  it  to  a  door  or 
low  window  at  the  rear  of  the  building,  and 
simply  kejit  on  pushing  until  it  dropped  out. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


The  position  this  old  frame  maintained  at  the 
foundation  base  substantiates  this  contention. 
How  it  happened  to  be  so  far  under  present 
level  of  earth  surrounding  building  is  another 
problem,  and  we  work  it  out  about  as  follows: 
Just  west  of  the  building  is  a  big  sewer,  which 
used  to  drain  most  of  the  territory  at  this  end 
of  town.  The  sewer  has  been  covered  for  a 
good  many  years,  and  discharges  outside  of  the 
C,  P.  &  St.  L.  R.  R.  tracks,  which  run  along 
the  levee  between  our  mill  building  and  the 
river.  We  believe,  however,  that  there  must 
have  been  a  time  before  this  railroad  was  built 


I  enclose  a  rough  sketch  which  you  may  re- 
fer to  while  reading  this  letter.  (See  Cut  No. 
272-A.) 

Sincerely  yours, 

E.  M.  SPARKS. 


M.  F.  WILLIAMS  TO  SPARKS  MILLING  CO. 

"In  January,  1873,  I  went  to  Staunton,  III., 
to  work  upon  the  new  mill  of  Messrs.  Wood- 
ward and  Dwight,  down  near  the  station,  and 


Cut   No.   272-A — Where   Lovejoy's    Press    Frame   was   found. 


when  the  sewer  had  an  open  raouth  and  kept 
all  earth,  dirt,  etc.,  scoured  away  right  down 
to  bedrock.  The  foundation  of  our  building — 
the  old  Godfrey  &  Gillman  Warehouse — was 
and  is  resting  on  bedrock,  so  it  looks  very 
much  to  me  like  this  press-frame  was  dropped 
out  of  an  upper  window  or  door  while  bedrock 
was  exposed  on  account  of  reason  listed  above, 
or  some  other  reason,  and  later  on  the  press- 
frame  naturally  became  buried  as  sand,  silt, 
earth,  cinders,  and  all  that  sort  of  stutf  ac- 
cumulated. 


while  there  I  got  acquainted  with  George 
Sparks — in  fact,  the  millers  had  a  little  club, 
and  they  called  me  into  the  club  as  a  mill- 
wright only,  and  as  I  noAv  remember,  I  was  the 
only  one  who  joined  the  club.  Later,  while 
millwrighting  in  St.  Louis,  I  met  the  firm  of 
Best  &  Sparks.  In  Litchfield  they  had  a  mill- 
wright who  worked  on  Woodward  and 
Dwight 's  mill — a  very  good  one.  Afterwards 
he  worked  on  your  mill  in  Alton,  and  later  he 
went  to  Kansas  to  build  a  mill  for  Best  & 
Sparks." 


OLD  P^ORT  BELLEFONTAINE 


OLD  FORT  BELLEFONTAINE 

Fort  Bellefontaine  was  located  at  the  mouth 
of  Coldwater  Creek  or  St.  Ferdinand's  River, 
eight  miles  from  the  junction  of  the  Missouri 
and  Mississippi  rivers,  on  the  south  bank  of  the 
Missouri,  in  St.   Louis  county,   and   was   built 


important  iwint.  The  Burlington  Railroad 
bridge  is  now  located  at  this  point.  The  fort, 
however,  has  long  since  disappeared.  As  late 
as  1810  there  were  many  tribes  of  Indians  in 
the  State  of  Missouri,  composed  of  the  Sacs, 
Foxes.  Shawnees,  Osages,  Delawares,  Iowa  and 


Cut  No.  273— Old  Fort  Bellefontaine 


by  General  Wilkinson  in  1806.  At  that  time 
it  was  the  most  important  of  the  border  posts 
in  the  Western  District,  and  the  United  States 
kept  from  500  to  1000  soldiers  located  there  at 
all  times,  until  Jefferson  Barracks  was  built 
in  1827  in  South  St.  Louis  and  became  the  more 


Sioux  tribes,  and  though  a  treaty  was  made 
under  the  Platte  Purchase  in  1830,  Missouri 
was  still  occupied  by  fragments  of  the  Potawat- 
amees,  Omahas  and  Sioux  tribes  as  late  as  1837. 

In   1837    there  was  an    Indian    village    17 
miles  northeast  of  Nevada,  Mo.,  and  another 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


village  three  miles  north  of  Balltown,  and  even 
in  1820,  1,800  Shawnees  were  encamped  within 
20  miles  of  what  was  then  the  town  of  St.  Louis. 

The  Sioux  Indians,  also  called  the  Dakotas, 
were  a  large  tribe,  formerly  30,000  in  number 
and  having  7,000  warriors.  Many  of  these 
bands  roamed  through  Missouri,  and  Cut  No. 
271  shows  some  of  them  on  the  bank  of  the 
river. 


St.  Louis  and  located  on  the  bank  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi River  at  the  northern  end  of  the  boun- 
dary of  the  original  eity  of  St.  Louis. 

This  fort  was  built  in  1780  and  is  shown  on 
the  map  of  Frederick  Billon,  made  in  1804. 
There  were  three  other  stone  towers  of  similar 
design,  built  in  1797  and  later,  but  these  were 
located  away  from  the  river  and  in  a  line  form- 
ing the  western  boundary  of  St.  Louis.     The 


phy   St 


This  tribe  responded  better  to  efforts  to  civ- 
ilize them  than  all  other  tribes  of  the  North- 
west. 

FORT  NEAR  MULLANPHY  STREET, 
TAKEN  IN  1850 

This  round  tower  of  rough  stone  is  the  first 
of  this  kind  of  a  fort  built  by  the  pioneers  of 


first  one  and  the  oldest  tower  is  that  shown  in 
the  above  cut,  No.  274,  and  was  sometimes 
called  Roy's  tower,  from  a  Julian  Roy,  who 
had  a  farm  in  the  neighborhood.  A  later  tower 
was  built  at  Third  street,  near  Washington  ave- 
nue :  another  one  at  Fourth  and  Walnut  streets, 
where  the  old  Southern  Hotel  now  stands,  and 
a  third  one  at  Fourth    street,    near    Poplar. 


FIRST    COURT    HOUSE 


These  towers  were  connected  by  a  stockade  of 
young  trees  of  split  rails  set  firmly  in  the 
ground  and  extending  up  some  10  or  12  feet 
above  ground,  and  strongly  laced  together. 
The  march  of  improvements  removed  the  tow- 
ers that  were  built  later,  but  in  1850  this  tower 
on  the  river  bank  was  still  in  existence  and  was 


St.  Louis,  a  stockade  was  built  to  defend  the 
town,  made  of  upright  posts,  set  in  two  rows 
and  filled  with  earth  between;  this  defense 
completely  surrounded  the  town,  extending  as 
far  west  as  Fourth  street,  which  was  then  a 
dense  woods.  The  attack  did  not  occur  until 
1780  by  the  Indians  and   British.     The  stone 


rst   Court   Hous 


photographed  liy  E.  IJohlo,  a  photographer  of 
many  interesting  points  of  St.  Louis,  who  died 
in  December,  1919.  The  Indians  had  a  name 
for  these  towers  that  meant  the  "High-fenced 
House  of  Thunder." 

In  1779,  it  being  reported  that  the  Command- 
ant  at   Mackinac   was   planning   an   attack   on 


tower  at  North  Second  street  was  one    of    the 
forts. 

FIRST   COURTHOUSE 

The  first  Courthouse  built  in  St.  Louis  in  1817 
was  a  small  frame  building  of  one  story,  on 
Third  street,  between  Spruce  and  Elm  streets. 


THE    WILLIAMS    fflSTORY 


The  new  Courthouse  was  erected  in  1822  where 
the  present  site  is  bounded  by  Chestnut,  Mar- 
ket, Fourth  and  Broadway,  and  was  the  gift  to 
the  city  of  J.  B.  C.  Lucas  and  Colonel  Auguste 
Chouteau.  Work  was  begun  in  1826  and  the 
building  completed  in  1833,  costing  $14,416.00. 


in  St.  Louis.  I  have  no  recollection  of  it,  but 
the  shot  tower  on  Louis  street,  between  Bates 
and  Smith  streets,  which  was  completed  in 
1847,  had  a  height  of  176  feet.  A  former  part- 
ner and  myself  placed  a  freight  elevator  in  the 
tower.     The    tower   was    operated   under    the 


Cut  No.  276— First  Presbyterian  Church,  Fourth  and  St.  Charles  Streets,  1840. 


In  1839  the  corner  stone  was  laid  of  a  later 
Courthouse  on  the  same  site,  which  was  not 
completed  until  1862,  costing  ,$1,199,871.91,  and 
still  standing  as  a  historic  monument.  It  is  said 
to  have  the  finest  dome  in  America. 

The  old  Shot  Tower  on  Elm  street,  between 
Main  and  Second  streets,  was  before  my  time 


management  of  a  man  by  the  name  of  Rule. 
This  later  tower  I  worked  in  personally  as  a 
millwright. 

FIRST  PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH 

Cut   No.   276  shows  the  First   Presbyterian 
Church,  located    at  Fourth    and    St.   Charles 


CHOUTEAU  POND 


streets,  as  it  appeared  in  1840.  Rev.  Artemas 
Bullai'd  was  tlie  pastor.  Tlie  illusti'atioii  shows 
the  view  looking  south  on  Fourth  street  from 
Washington  avenue.  This  ehureh  was  one  of 
the  leading  ehurehes  at  that  time.  The  first 
church  in  St.  Louis  was  the  Old  Cathedral  on 
Walnut  street,  which  was  begun  in  a  log  house 
put  up  in  1770,  six  years  after  the  founding 
of  St.  Louis.     Tliis  Old  Cathedral,  of  the  Ro- 


The  pond  was  formed  by  the  overflow  of 
Rock  Spring,  and  other  springs  in  that  neigh- 
borhood, which  emptied  into  a  depression 
called  a  Cul-de-Sac.  This  Rock  Spring  now 
Hows  into  Mill  Creek  Sewer.  The  tirst  dam  was 
built  across  the  I\Iill  Creek  in  1765  by  Joseph 
IMiguel  Taillon,  one  of  the  early  pioneers,  who 
built  the  dam  and  used  it  to  gain  power  for  a 
grist  mill  that  he  built  on  that  site  and  sold  in 


1  (  athohc  faith,   is  \ 
chui-ch  shown  in  tht 


CHOUTEAU  POND  IN  ISJO 

Cut  No.  277  shows  Chouteau  Pond  as  it  was 
in  1840,  and  Cut  No.  278  shows  the  same  pond 
as  it  was  in  1850.  Cupples  Station  now  occu- 
pies this   locality. 


177!)  to  Colonel  Auguste  Chouteau.  Tlie  dam 
ivas  raised  by  Colonel  Chouteau  and  many  im- 
provements were  made  to  the  locality,  so  that 
it  became  a  favorite  picnic  gi-ound  for  those 
in  the  neighboi'liood  and  for  Ashing  pai-ties, 
until  the  sewage  of  the  growing  city  killed  tlie- 
fish. 

Rock  Spring  ^vas  a  well-known  si)i'ing,  and 
the  place  where  it  ovei'flowed  into  the  valley 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


was  at  a  point  on  Twenty-first  street,  where 
afterwards  Aekeriuau  built  tlie  Camp  Spring- 
Mill,  which  place  is  now  occupied  l)y  the  Union 
Station.  The  first  day  I  came  to  St.  Louis  I 
went  to  Camp  Spring  Mill.  I  was  sent  up 
there  by  Mr.  Stanley  of  the  old  mill  fiu-nishing 
firm  of  Todds  &  Stanley.  I  was  sent  there  to 
meet   Henrv  Shanafelt.     Henrv   was    building 


The  Jlissouri  Pacific  Railroad  needed  an  out- 
let to  the  Mississippi  River,  and  in  1852  or 
1853  began  to  drain  this  valley  and  provide 
for  the  railroad  tracks,  which  found  an  easy 
grade  through  the  valley  to  the  river,  and  at 
present  the  tracks  of  old  Union  Station  are  laid 
and  occupy  all  of  the  former  site  of  this  pond. 
The  pond   extended   about   a    half'   mile  in   its 


Cut   Xo.   278— Chouteau    I' 


i^'upplcs'    Station). 


the  Camp  Spiing  Mill  at  that  time  and  place 
mentioned  above,  and  there  I  met  W.  H.  Fore- 
man, who  was  Mr.  Shanafelt 's  foreman  on  the 
job. 

The  property  remained  in  the  hands  of  Colo- 
nel Chouteau  fifty  years,  until  his  death  in 
1829. 


longest  dimension  or  largest  body  of  water, 
and  had  branches  from  50  to  100  yards  wide 
extending  outward  in  several  directions. 

The  drainage  of  this  valley  was  not  finally 
completed  till  several  years  later,  and  some  of 
the  deeper  hollows  were  not  entirely  drained 
until  1870.     This  is  a   ease  in  whieli  the  man 


SELLING    SLAVES   IN    ST.  LOUIS 


■who  originated  the  idea  of  forming  the  pond 
did  not  receive  credit  for  his  work,  but  Colonel 
Chouteau  following  him.  and  making  improve- 
ments and  building  three  or  more  mills  at  dif- 
ferent times,  obtained  the  credit  and  the  name 
by  which  the  pond  was  known. 


nent  buildings,  and  later  on  Missouri  became 
a  slave  state,  and  slaves  were  trafficked  in  and 
sold  upon  the  block  at  the  east  front  door  of 
the  Courthouse,  as  is  shown  in  Cut  No.  279,  but 
ending  with  the  war  of  1861.  My  engraver 
here  is  showing  probably  the  sheriff  oft'ering 


^^....-.^ 


Cut   \o    279 — ha^l   Front  ct   Court   Hou'^e 


\"2 

*'-*^ 

'^^^ 

IF' 

'^rf- 

Jh^ 

in      - 

t ' 

if 

'¥* 

\l 

t:   '^c 

' :    '■    1  • 

Cut   No.   280— Buying   Slaves. 


SELLING  SLAVES  IN  ST.  LOUIS 

Many  years  later,  after  the  landing  of  the 
real  pioneers  in  1764,  came  heavy  population, 
great  growth  of  the  city  of  St.  Louis,  the  build- 
ing of  the  Courthouse,  and  many  other  promi- 


human  l)eings  for  sale  in  an  enlightened  coun- 
try. Trafficking  in  human  flesh,  being  bar- 
barous, being  dishonest,  being  ungenteel,  being 
unchristian-like,  being  selfish,  the  essence  of 
selfishness,  has  passed  away.  Although  our 
great-grandfather  owned  slaves  in  North  Car- 


TIJE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


oliiia,  lie  voluntarily  freed  them,  as  he  was  a 
Quaker  hy  pi-ot'ession,  and  no  doubt  the  Lord 
ehided.  him  foi'  his  wickedness,  and  he  gave 
them  up.  3Iy  father,  R :)hei-t  Williams,  in  the 
year  of  1840,  was  a  conduetor  in  Ohio  upon  the 
"underground  railroad,"  having  protected  and 
guided  many  a  poor  slave  in  the  darkness  of 
the  nddnight  hour  from  one  Friend  to  another 
initil  he  finally  got  to  Canada. 

Cut  No.  280  shows  another  view  of  the  slave 
bloek,  taken  from  and  depicted  in  the  '"Cri- 
sis.'" Therein  get  a  eori'eet  understanding  from 
the  "Crisis,"'  Avho  the  vounu'  attornev  was  who 


!)ietcd  and  explained  in  the  "Crisis,"  by  Win- 
ston Churchill. 

Cut  No.  281  shows  another  scene  of  the  slave 
block,  fully  explained  in  the  "Crisis."  Look 
to  this  book  for  an  explanation. 

In  regard  to  the  slave  market,'  slaves  were 
kejit  in  Lynch 's  Slave  Pen  on  IMarket  street 
until  sold  uiion  the  block  at  the  east  front  door 
of  the  Courthouse. 

These  transactions  of  selling  slaves  were 
probably  between  1840  and  .1860. 


came  to  St.  Louis  to  iii-acticc  law  with  a  Judge, 
and  which  attoi-iu'y  came  from  ^Massachusetts 
with  his  mother  and  happened  to  lie  at  the 
slave  block,  and  was  so  touchctl  l)y  the  wicked- 
ness of  selling  human  flesh  and  blood  as  a  chat- 
tel that  he  bought  the  girl,  took  her  to  his 
mother,  and  in  Iniying  her  spent  every  dollar 
of  money  which  he  possessed  :  and  the  young 
man  standing  behind  him  was  Ins  rival  in  try- 
ing to  buy  the  girl  for  his  sweetheart's  parents, 
and  the  Massachusetts  attorney  bought  the 
girl,  gave  her  to  his  mother,  set  her  free  and 
struggled  along  for  an  existence  until  he  got 
to  be  a  prominent  lawyer — all  of  which  is  de- 


OLD  UNION  STEAM  MILL 

The  old  Union  Steam  Mill.  Cut  No.  282, 
which  was  located  at  Main  and  Florida  streets, 
was  part  stone  and  part  frame,  as  this  photo- 
graph shows.  The  smoke  stack  was  on  the 
river  side  next  to  Main  street.  This  null  I  vis- 
itiNl  shortly  after  I  arrived  in  St.  Louis.  How  I 
came  to  go  to  this  mill,— I  was  looking  for  nnll- 
wright  work.  I  went  down  to  A.  K.  Ilalte- 
man's  shop  at  1611  South  Thii-d  street,  and  he 
stated  to  me  that  he  didn't  have  work  in  the 
shop,  but  that  August  Dehner,  one  of  his  fore- 
men, was  doing  a  job  at  the  Old  Union  Mill  at 


OLD    UNION    STEA.AI    MILL 


Main  and  Florida  streets.  I  went  up  to  this 
mill,  found  Mr.  Dehnor  there  erecting  a  husk 
frame,  putting  in  four  run  of  Fi'eneh  buhr 
millstones.  In  those  days  the  standard  mill- 
stones Avere  42  inches  in  diameter,  48  inches  in 
diameter  and  54  inches  in  diameter.  These  four 
run  of  stone  were  54  inches  in  diameter.  Not 
obtaining  employment  at  this  place  and  time,  I 


there  at  least  50  years;  the  main  building  was 
of  stone,  also  the  smoke  stack  was  stone,  no 
doubt  was  ([uarried  upon  the  ground  in  mak- 
ing a  basement  Tinder  the  mill. 

I  do  not  recall  who  the  owner  was  at  the  time 
I  arrived  in  St.  Louis,  but  seven  or  eight  years 
theieaftor    one    Julius    ilanrice    had    the    mill 


Cut  Xo.  282— Old  L 


naturally  applied  elsewhere.  The  old  Union 
Mill  remained  upon  this  site  for  many  years 
thereafter,  and  until  the  Cotton  Belt  Railway 
built  their  present  freight  warehouse  where 
Filley's  Foundry  stood,  across  the  street,  west- 
ward from  the  old  mill. 

The   old   Union   Mill    building,    when    I    first 
saw   it,   had  the   appearance   of   having    stood 


leased  for  a   number  of  yeai's  until  he  finally 
failed  in  business. 

THE  OITY  JAIL 

Out  No.  28:j  shows  the  old  City  Jail  at  Sixth 
r.iid  Chestnut  streets,  taken  in  1870.  The  fii'st 
Jail  in  St.  Louis  was  the  round  stone  towc)'  that 
was  located  at  Fourth  and  Walnut,  whei'c  the 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


old  Southern  Hotel  now  stands,  and  was  used 
by  the  Spanish  authorities  for  a  prison  house. 
It  was  also  used  by  the  American  authorities 
for  the  same  purpose  until  the  year  1818,  when 
the  jail  shown  in  the  above  illustration  Avas 
built  of  rough  di-essed  stone.     It  consisted  of 


The  first  tower  or  first  jail  used  as  a  jail  by 
the  Spanish  authorities  was  built  about  1797, 
and  the  American  authorities  took  over  the 
territory  of  Louisiana  in  the  spring  of  1803  and 
continued  the  use  of  this  primitive  tower  for 


a  main  floor,  .shown  in  the  illustration  above 
the  corner  office  building,  and  there  was  a 
basement  used  as  a  dungeon  below.  This  was 
enlarged  later  on  by  a  more  imposing  building 
adjoining  and  at  the  rear  of  the  first  structure. 

The  Laclede  Hotel  now  stands  on  this  corner. 


15  yeai'S  until  the  City  Jail  at  Sixth  and  Chest- 
nut was  built. 


THE  BIG  MOUND 


The  Big  Mound  is  shown  in  Cut  No.  284,  as  it 
looked  in  1852.     This  mound  was  located   on 


THE   ma   ]\IOUND 


the  corner  of  what  is  now  IMound  street  and 
North  Broadway,  and  was  an  earth  mound 
about  a  block  long  and  150  feet  wide  and  from 
30  to  40  feet  high.  It  was  known  by  the 
French  as  "Earth  Barn"  and  had  several 
houses  built  on  it  at  that  time.  It  was  even 
used  in  later  years  for  residence  purposes,  and 
at  one  time  an  attempt  was  made  to  obtain  it 
as  a  public  garden  and  erect  a  pavilion,  which 
would  have  preserved  it.  On  account  of  the 
objection  of  one  man,  however,  this  plan  was 


Builders  of  ancient  time,  of  which  so  little  is 
known  that  we  have  no  relics  except  a  few 
crumbling  bones  which  have  been  found  under 
such  circumstances,  and  in  such  a  condition  of 
decay  that  it  is  believed  that  they  are  many 
thousands  of  years  old.  Skeletons  have  been 
found  in  European  deposits  in  much  better 
state  of  preservation  and  under  similar  circum- 
stances which  ai'e  known  to  be  at  least  20,000 
vears  old. 


^..•gsa^^.^^i^^lHH 

^^^ 

•<s:-<>;   ■          -■-^:~.'                           V    ^1 

Cut   No.  284— The   Big  Mound. 


abandoned,  and  the  loss  of  an  interesting  mon- 
ument resulted.  The  mound  sloped  upward 
gradually  towards  the  east  from  Broadway, 
and  the  steep  side  was  towards  the  river.  It 
Avas  cut  down  in  1869,  and  many  human  re- 
mains were  found  at  different  depths  or  strata 
during  the  excavation.  In  the  middle  of  the 
mound  were  the  rotting  timbers  of  a  chamber 
that  was  traced  for  a  length  of  72  feet,  and 
was  probably  much  longer.  In  this  chamber 
were   no  doubt   buried    the   bodies    of  Mound 


None  of  the  stone  I'dics  and  few  shells  found 
with  the  skeletons  of  the  Jlound  Builders  be- 
long to  any  of  the  later  race  of  Indians  whose 
arrow  heads  and  bones  are  scattered  through 
the  Mississippi  Valle.y.  On  account  of  the 
ci-umbling  condition  of  the  skeletons,  although 
they  were  found  in  a  positioii  and  under  cir- 
cumstances that  would  naturally  preserve  them 
for  a  long  time,  it  is  believed  that  they  belong 
to  a  race  of  men  that  inhabited  the  Mississippi 
Valley    prior    to    the    coming    of    the    Indians. 


THE     WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Tlii-oiiohout  the  Mississippi  basin  and  oxtond- 
ing  through  Ohio  to  Missouri,  and  as  far  north 
as  Wisconsin,  are  many  hundreds  of  mounds 
of  various  sizes.  On  many  of  them  trees  are 
growing,  the  age  of  which  indicates  that  the> 
have  been  growing  there  for  the  hist  2,000 
years  or  more. 

Tile  Indians  had  no  traditions  of  finding  any 
inhabitants  of  the  land  when  they  came  into 
this  valley.  No  relies  are  found  that  indicate 
where  the  Mound  Builders  came  from,  and 
there  is  no  record  of  where  they  went  to.  They 
have  simply  disappeared,  and  it  is  one  of  the 
unsolved  problems  of  archeological  history. 

This  mound  was  close  by  where  1  lived  at 
Ninth    ami   Brooklvn,   and   also    near   the    nin- 


rival  at  St.  Louis  in  1872.  or  shortly  after  that 
time  they  began  sinking  the  coft'erdams  to  sur- 
round the  work  of  building  and  sinking  the 
caissons.  This  bi'idge  at  the  time  of  its  con- 
struction by  James  B.  Eads  was  the  wonder 
of  the  world  in  bridge  architecture,  and  even 
toda.v  and  for  the  next  hundred  years,  will 
be  a  sti'ucture  of  marvelous  beauty,  strength 
and  design.  It  is  so  constructed  that  the  great- 
er the  weight  upon  the  arcs  of  these  spans  the 
greater  the  strength.  In  testing  out  this  bridge 
in  1873,  the  widest  span  was  covered  with  lo- 
comotives to  test  its  strength,  and  as  I  remem- 
ber it  was  stated  that  the  deflection  of  the  ares 
and  chords  was  3  inches  only.  The  next  great 
achievement  of  James  B.  Eads  was  the  building 
of  the  jetties  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi 
River     where    it    enters     the    gulf.      I    passed 


Cut  No.  285— The  Ead's  Bridge— looking  Wes 


chine  shop  at  1417  North  Second  street,  that  I 
occupied  in  18S6  to  1891,  but  that  time  it  had 
long  disappeared,  and  the  property  had  been 
cut  up  into  city  hits.' 

The  big  mound  on  Mound  sti'eet  I  have  no 
personal  recollection  of,  as  it  was  I'emoved  in 
1869,  three  years  before  I  came  to  St.  Louis. 

THE  EADS  BEIDOi; 

("ut  No.  28-1  shows  the  Eads  l!ridge,  which 
was  completed  in  1873,  but  commenced  pre- 
vious to  this  time.  This  was  the  first  bridge  to 
span  the  Mississippi  River.  In  sinking  the  cais- 
sons for  the  piers  of  this  bridge  several  men  lost 
their  lives,  as  some  parts  of  the  foundation  were 
over  100  feet  below  watermark.    Upon  my  ar- 


throngh  the  .jetties  seven  or  eight  years  ago  on 
our  way  to  Panama,  and  this  trip  to  the  Pan- 
ama Canal  was  my  first  opportunity  and  last 
of  viewing  the  jetties.  Briefly  describing  the 
jetties,  it  is  by  driving  piling  upon  each  side, 
narrowing  the  confluence  of  the  water,  so  that 
its  own  weight  and  increased  velocity  rushing 
into  the  gulf,  washes  out  the  channel  and  keeps 
it  ojieii  to  navigable  depth. 

BARXUM'S  HOTEL 

Barnunrs  Hotel.  Main  and  Walnut  streets, 
taken  in  1880,  is  shown  by  Cut  No.  286.  This 
was  a  celebrated  hotel  just  before  the  war  and 
was  run  by  Theron  Barnum.  who  learned  his 
business  with  his  uncle  in  Baltimore,  whose 
name  was  David  Barnum  and  who  had  succeed- 


BARNUarS    HOTEL 


ed  ill  making  the  Baltimore  Hotel  the  best 
hotel  in  the  United  States.  Theron  Barnum. 
his  nephew ,  came  to  St.  Louis  in  1840  and  took 


of  the  newly  erected  building,  finished  in  1854, 
on  the  corner  of  Second  and  Walnut  streets 
(also  called  :\rain  and  Walnut  streets),  which 


charge  of  the  City  Hotel  at  Third  and  Vine 
streets,  which  he  ran  for  twelve  years;  then 
he,  in  connection  with  Josiah  Fogg,  took  charge 


afterwards  became  known  throughout  the  West 
as  Bamiun's  Hotel,  on  account  of  its  popular 
landlord  and  his  conduct  of  this  hostelry. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


It  -was  continued  under  his  management  for 
twelve  years,  and  the  Prince  of  Wales  (King 
Edward  later)  and  his  suite  stopped  there  on 
their  visit  to  St.  Louis  in  1860.  Governor  Yates 
died  at  this  hotel. 

In  later  years  other  hotels  have  been  called 
by  the  name  of  Barnum's  Hotel,  and  at  present 
a  hotel  of  that  name  is  located  on  Sixth  street 
near  Washington  avenue. 


CITY  ORDINANCE 
33316 


An  Ordinance  Amendatory  of  Article  Two  of  Cliap- 
ter  Twenty-Three  of  the  Municipal  Code  of  St.  Louis, 
Providing  tor  the  Payment  of  a  License  Tax  Upon 
Automobiles.  Locomobiles  and  Horseless  Vehicles 
of  all  Kinds  and  Fixing  the  Amount  Thereof. 

Be   it   ordained    by    the    Municipal   Assembly    of    the 
City  of  St.  Louis,  as  follows: 

SECTION  ONE.  Article  two  of  Chapter  twenty- 
three  of  the  Municipal  Code  of  St.  Louis  is  hereby 
am-?nded  by  adding  between  sections  seventeen 
hundred  and  eight  and  seventeen  hundred  and  nine 
a  new  section  to  be  known  as  section  seventeen 
hundred  and  eight  A,  as   follows: 

Section  Seventeen  Hundred  and  Eight  A.  There 
shall  be  annually  levied  and  collected  on  all  kinds 
of  automobiles  and  locomobiles  and  on  all  horseless 
vehicles  propelled  or  moved  by  the  use  of  electricity, 
gasoline,  steam  or  other  artificial  power,  by  what- 
ever name  said  vehicles  may  be  known,  and  whether 
used  for  purposes  of  business  or  pleasure,  a  license 
tax  of  ten  dollars  on  each  such  vehicle. 

SECTION  TWO.  It  being  important  that  this 
class  of  vehicles  be  licensed  without  delay,  an  emer- 
gency is  deemed  to  exist  and  this  ordinance  shall, 
therefore  go  into  operation  and  effect  immediately 
upon  its  approval. 


Approved  December  11th,  1901 


City  of  St.  Louis,  Missouri, 

Februaiy  25th,  1918. 

Mr.   M.   F.   Williams. 

Pres.  Williams  Patent  Crusher  &  Pulverizer  Co.- 

2701  N.  Broadway,  City. 

Dear  Sir: 

I  herewith  enclose  you  the  first  automobile  ordi- 
nance passed  by  the  City  of  St.  Louis,  which  you 
will  note  was  in  December,  1901.     The  first  licenses 


were  issued  in  .January,  1902,  Mr.  J.  D.  Perry  Lewis 
procuring  No.  1.  Mr.  A.  T.  Simpkins,  residing  at 
2731  Bacon  St.,  procured  license  No.  39  for  that  year. 

Relative  to  your  inquiries  regarding  street  cars, 
would  suggest  that  you  communicate  with  Mr.  Rich- 
ard McCullough  for  this  information. 


LOUIS  ALT, 
License    Collector 


FIRST     AUTO     ORDINANCE— FIRST 
LICENSES  COLLECTED  JANUARY,  1902 

AUTO  LICENSE   No.   1 
issued   to 

J.  D.  P.  LEWIS 

4611    Morgan 
Januai-y  3,  1902. 

A.  T.  SIMPKINS 

2731  Bacon  Street 

Auto  No.  39 

Note. — Mr.    Simpkins    was    a    neigliboi'    an 
friend  of  mine  on  Bacon  street. 


DOWNTOWN  SECTION  OF  ST.  LOUIS 
IN    1915 

Cut  No.  287  was  taken  from  Fourth  and 
Market  streets,  sliowing  the  dome  of  the  Court- 
house, the  old  Times  Building  to  the  left,  and 
the  new  Planters  Hotel  on  the  right  of  the 
dome,  the  Missouri  Pacific  Building  on  IMarkct 
street,  the  Wabash  Building  and  Wainwright 
Building  on  Chestnut  St..  the  Railway  Exchange 
Building  in  the  distance,  and  quite  a  number 
of  other  skyscrapers  too  numerous  to  mention, 
showing  a  section  of  St.  Louis  up  to  1918. 


ST.  LOUIS    STREET    RAILWAYS 


ST.   LOUIS   STREET   RAILWAYS 

The  street  railway  system  of  St.  Louis  is  so 
interwoven  with  the  growth  of  the  city  and  is 
so  largely  responsible  foi'  the  location  of  a 
large  part  of  its  population  in  the  beautiful 
suburbs,  and  in  preventing  congested  districts, 
which  are  the  eyesores  and  despair  of  other 
cities  not  so  well  situated  are  not  provided 
with  transportation  facilities  as  is  St.  Louis, 
that  we  are  fortunate  in  obtaining  the  follow- 
ing extract  from  an  address  wi-itten  by  Richard 
McCullough  on  the  "Evolution  of  the  Street 
Railway,"  and  delivered  at  the  McKinley  High 
School  November  12,  1909,  and  also  at  the  Rail- 
road  Y.  M.   r.   A.,  January  1,   1910.     Richard 


lish  novelists  are  familiar  with  the  stage  coach, 
which  was  the  vehicle  u:;ed  in  regular  service 
between  the  English  cities  in  the  early  part  of 
the  Nineteenth  Century.  I  have  a  picture  of 
a  stage  coach  making  the  trip  between  London 
and  Bath,  and  we  may  almost  fancy  we  see 
Mr.  Pickwick,  Mr.  Winkle,  Mr.  Snodgrass  and 
Sam  Weller  himself,  departing  on  one  of  their 
historic  journeys.  These  stage  coaches  ran 
night  and  day,  changing  horses  at  regular 
stations,  breaking  down  with  great  regularity, 
and  being  held  up  by  highwaymen  not  infre- 
quentl.y,  already  possessing,  as  you  see,  some 
of  the  characteristics  of  the  modern  railway. 
They  must  have  been  most  uncomfortable  con- 
veyances on    bad    roads     and     in     unpleasant 


ilcC'ullough  is  the  rion  of  Robei't  McCullough, 
president  of  the  United  Railway  System  of  St. 
Louis  until  his  death,  September  2S,  1914,  when 
he  was  succeeded  by  his  son,  Richard  ]\IcCiil- 
lough,  who  is  now  (1919)  president  of  the 
United   Raih\ays  System. 

THE   EVOLUTION   OF   THE    STREET 
RAILWAY 

The  transportation  of  goods  and  passengers 
has  become  one  of  the  great  industries  of  our 
age,  and  our  modern  systems  have  been  de- 
veloped entirely  within  the  Nineteenth  Cen- 
tury.    The  readers  of  Dickens  and  other  Eng- 


weather, 
precui-soi 


■Sf  stag( 
ith   steal 


coach  lines 


■re  the 
ilwavs. 


The  American  stage  coach  was  the  direct  de- 
scendant of  the  English  stage  coach.  These 
stage  coach  lines  in  America  were  the  pioneers 
of  the  railroads,  and  there  are  still  some  of 
them   left  in  the  West. 

The  distinguishing  characteristic  of  a  rail- 
road cf  any  kind  is  that  it  shall  possess  a  track, 
and  to  find  the  railway  tracks  we  must  look  to 
the  coal  mines  in  the  North  of  England,  where 
small  cars  on  wheels  I'unning  on  tracks  had 
come  into  use  in  the  fi:-st  half  of  the  Seven- 
teenth Century.  Both  cars  and  tracks  were 
very  crude,  the  wheels  being  made  of  blocks  of 


THE     WILLIAMS     HISTORY 


wood  and  the  tracks  of  rough  wooden  beams. 
The  first  iron  rails,  which  were  made  of  cast 
iron  in  short  lengths,  were  used  in  1767.  Rails 
made  of  malleable  iron  strips  followed,  but  it 
was  not  until  1820  that  rolled  iron  rails  ap- 
proaching the  modern  design  were  manufac- 
tured. At  that  time  tramways  drawn  by 
horses  for  transporting  material  were  common 
in  mines  and  large  maiuifacturing  establish- 
ments, but  the  first  tramway  to  successfully 
utilize  steam  power  was  the  Stockton  and 
Darlington  Railroad,  opened  in  182.5.  It  had 
been  the  intention  of  the  owners  to  operate 
this  tramway  by  horse  power,  but  at  the  solici- 
tation of  George  Stephenson,  who  was  then 
earning  recognition  as  a  builder  of  railroads, 
it  was  decided  to  test  a  steam  locomotive  de- 
signed and  built  by  him.  The  trial  was  so  sat- 
isfactoi'y  that  steam  locomotives  were  adopted 
as  the  motive  power  for  this  railroad.  The 
first  railroad  in  which  provision  had  been  made 
to  carry  passengers  was  the  Liverpool  and  Man- 
chester Railroad,  opened  in  1830,  for  which 
Stephenson  designed  his  famous  locomotive,  the 
"Rocket."  Locomotives  had  been  built  in  Eng- 
land in  an  experimental  way  during  the  pre- 
vious twenty  years,  but  Stephenson's  "Rock- 
et" was  an  epoch-making  machine,  as  it  thor- 
oughly impressed  the  engineering  world  with 
its  practicability,  drawing  a  tender  and  two 
cars  weighing  V2'^  tons  at  the  then  Monderful 
rate  of  twenty-nine  miles  per  hour. 

After  the  pronounced  success  of  steam  mo- 
tive power  on  the  Liverpool  and  Manchester 
Railroad,  there  was  great  agitation  for  the 
building  of  steam  railroads  both  in  Europe  and 
America.  In  this  country,  the  Baltimore  and 
Ohio  Railroad,  the  Delaware  and  Hudson  Canal 
Co.,  and  the  Utica  and  Mohawk  Valley  Rail- 
road Co.  were  early  in  the  field.  The  first  train 
of  the  Utica  and  Mohawk  Valley  Railroad  ran 
'u  18-31.  The  resemblance  of  the  cars  to  stage 
coaches  is  very  close — in  fact,  they  were  like 
stage  coaches  with  fianged  wheels  put  under 
them. 

It  was  during'  this  steam  railroad  excitement 
that    the  first  street    railroad  was    built,  and 

while  all  this  steam  I'ailway  history  may  seem 
a  little  off  my  subject,  I  desire  to  emphasize 
the  fact  that  tlie  street  i-ailway  is  just  as  an- 


cient and  honorable  and  just  as  much  entitled 
to  liistoric  recognition  as  its  big  bi'other,  the 
steam  railway.  Both  had  the  same  ancestors, 
and  both  came  into  existence  about  the  same 
time. 

The  first  street  railway  was  built  in  1832  in 
New  York  City,  on  Fourth  avenue,  from  Price 
street  to  Harlem,  just  one  year  after  the  first 
steam  railroad  in  L^tica.  The  first  car  bears  a 
i-<>sem))lance  to  the  old  stage  coach,  plainly  in- 
dicating its  ancestry.  The  rail  consisted  of 
strips  of  flat  iron  laid  on  granite  blocks. 

Tlie  first  trip  ovei-  this  road  was  made  a  gala 
occasion.  Two  cars  were  bi'ought  out  and 
loaded  with  the  officials  of  the  road,  the  Mayor 
of  New  York  City  and  the  City  Council.  As  a 
street  railway  was  an  entirely  new  thing,  a 
great  deal  of  discussion  had  been  carried  on 
among  the  citizens  of  New  York  City  as  to  the 
details  of  its  operation,  and,  as  is  usual  in 
such  cases,  the  veiy  things  which  proved  easiest 
to  do  were  considered  the  most  insurmountable 
obstacles.  Everything  had  been  settled  in  the 
minds  of  the  New  Yorkers  except  the  question 
of  stopping.  As  they  looked  at  the  ponderous 
vehicles  on  the  track,  several  of  the  bystanders 
remarked  that  they  could  not  be  paid  to  ride  in 
one  of  those  juggernauts,  as  they  knew  that 
this  iunnense  mass  of  wood  and  iron,  when  once 
in  motion,  could  never  be  stopped  in  time  to 
avoid  accident.  One  of  the  officials  of  the  road 
lieard  these  remarks  and  determined  that  he 
would  give  a  practical  demonstration  of  the 
case  with  which  a  stop  could  be  made.  So  he 
placed  his  Honor,  the  Ma,yor,  and  their  Honors, 
the  City  Council,  on  top  of  the  first  ear,  and  the 
rest  of  the  guests  in  the  second.  He  instructed 
the  di-ivers  to  start  in  five  minutes,  and  without 
confiding  his  intentions  to  anyone  he  walked 
forward  several  blocks.  As  the  first  car  ap- 
proached he  advanced  to  the  middle  of  the 
ti'ack  and  solemnl.y  raised  his  forefinger.  The 
car  stopped  iuimediately,  and  his  Honor,  the 
Mayoi-,  and  their  Honors,  the  City  Council, 
marveled  at  the  wonderful  triumph  of  science. 
I^ut  alas  for  the  bi-evity  of  human  happiness. 
The  second  cai-  was  very  close  behind,  and  the 
driver  had  not  been  insti'uctcd  to  stop.  He 
was  busily  engaged  in  entertaining  some 
fi'iends,  and  the  first  intimation  he  had  that  the 


GROWTH    OF    THE    STREET    RAILWAY 


first  ear  had  stopped  was  that  his  pole  had  run 
into  the  midst  of  the  Mayor  and  City  Coimeil, 
spilling  them  out  into  the  street.  Luckily  no 
one  was  hurt,  and  the  statesmen  climbed  back 
into  the  car — sadder,  wiser,  muddier  and  mad- 
der— and  the  journey  was  resumed.  In  this, 
the  tirst  recorded  encounter  between  a  street 
]-ailway  and  a  City  Council,  it  is  evident  that 
the  street  railway  came  out  best,  and  it  has 
been  suggested  that  ever  since  that  time  City 
Councils  have  been  trying  to  get  even. 

As  cities  increased  in  papulation  and  si)i-cail 
out  over  a  greater  area,  the  sti-eet  railway  be- 
came moi-e  and  moie  a  necessity.  The  horse  car 
fever  struck  St.  Louis  in  1850.  Duiing  that 
yi-ar  four  companies  for  the  purposi'  of  build- 
ing roads  wei-e  incorporated.  The  first  one  to 
start  was  the  Missouri  Railroad  Co.,  which  had 
a  track  on  Olive  street,  from  Fouith  to  Seven- 
teenth street.  The  first  cai-  was  run  on  tlu' 
Foui-th  of  July,  lsr.il,  from  Fourth  to  Tenth 
street,  and  tlie  oi)ening  ti-ip  was  the  uCL-arion 
of  great  rejoicing,  ilr.  Erastus  Wells,  |iresi- 
dent  of  the  railroad,  father  of  oui-  formei- 
Mayor,  acted  as  drive;-,  v\u\  thr  scats  wi-c  oc- 
cupied by  the  (liivetor.i  and  distinguished 
guests.  Several  times  during  the  ti-ip  the  car 
left  the  ti'ack,  but  when  this  liappened  the 
directoi-s  and  distinguished  guests  got  out  and 
lifted  it  on  ajiain.  An  aeeouut  of  this  initial 
trip  in  the  ■'.Missouri  Republican'"  states  that 
"the  horses  ])ulled  the  enormous  load  without 
apparent  effort''  and  that  "during  the  prog- 
ress of  the  car  through  the  street,  its  presence 
was  greeted  b.\-  hundreds  of  I'aii-  face;  beainiue' 
from  every  window  and  iloor.  while  shouts  of 
joy  fi'om  scores  of  urchins  h(>ralded  its  ap- 
proacli."'  AVith  a  strange  premonition  of  the 
future,  the  wiiter  prophesies  that  "miless  the 
aforesaid  urchins  are  prevented  from  hanging 
onto  the  moving  ears,  we  fear  that  serious  ac- 
cidents may  result."  Fancy  this  prinutive 
horse  ear,  together  with  the  Iteaming  fair  faces 
on  lower  Olive  street  toda.v — and  yet  this  was 
only  sixty  yeai-s  ago. 

If  we  in  this  electric  era  look  back  at  those 
horse  ear  times,  we  are  apt  to  wonder  at  the 
good  nature  of  the  people  in  submitting  to  this 
slow  and  tedi(Uis  method  of  travel.     Hut  there 


was  nothing  better,  and  some  of  the  lines  gave 
very  good  service  as  far  as  they  were  able.  The 
cars  wei'e  clean^  the  horses  were  good,  and 
very  good  time  was  made  for  horse  cars.  Chas. 
Dickens,  on  his  second  visit  to  this  country  in 
1869,  was  delighted  with  the  street  railroads 
which  he  found  in  New  York.  When  he  re- 
turned to  England  he  wrote  an  article  for  one 
of  the  magazines,  describing  the  conveniences, 
elegance  and   cheapness   of  street   car  travel. 

There  is  no  more  striking  instance  of  the 
pi-ovei-b  that  "Necessity  is  the  mother  of  in- 
vention"' than  in  the  application  of  mechanical 
power  for  the  i)ropulsio]i  of  street  ears.  As 
soon  as  cities  began  to  grow,  the  need  was  felt 
for  something  to  draw  cars  faster  than  horses. 
Riding  in  a  horse  car  at  an  average  speed  of 
four  miles  an  hour  was  no  gi'cat  hardsliiii  when 
there  was  oidy  a  mile  or  two  to  go,  but  when 
this  distance  became  lengthened  to  three,  four 
:\va\  ti\e  miles,  the  loss  of  time  became  a  serious 
unittc!'.  In  some  cities  rapid  transit  was 
longht  by  building  steam  roads  in  the  streets 
and  di-nwing  trains  of  cars  by  licomotives.  The 
elevated  railroad  systi'ius  in  New  York  City, 
l)uilt  between  1S70  and  ISSO,  nrv  examples  of 
this.  In  London  the  same  thing  was  acecm- 
plished  by  putting  the  roads  underground,  run- 
ning thecai-s  tlirough  tunnels  under  the  streets, 
lint  none  of  these  methods  ai'e  satisfactory.  A 
steam  raili-oad  on  a  sti-eet  ruins  the  street  for 
any  other  purpose.  If  an  elevated  track  is 
used  the  street  is  still  kept  open  for  travel, 
but  is  ])ractically  ruined  for  building,  pur- 
poses. On  account  of  the  use  of  steam  loco- 
moti\-es.  1ra\el  in  the  undei'ground  roads  is 
tlirty.  gloomy  antl  not  at  all  pleasant.  Steam 
i-ail  roads  on  the  streets  are  noisy,  smoky,  dirty 
and  frighten  horses  with  the  noise  of  the  ex- 
haust steam.  The  expense  of  building  either 
an  elevated  or  an  underground  road  was  so 
great  that  none  but  very  large  cities  could  sup- 
port them,  and  a  surface  steam  road  i^resented 
so  many  disadvantages  that  managers  of  rail- 
roads began  to  look  in  othei-  directions  for  mo- 
tive power.  That  this  want  had  impressed 
itself  upon  the  community  is  evident  to  anyone 
who  glances  over  the  technical  and  popular 
journals  of  1875  to  1885.  Evei'y  conceivable 
kind  of  motor  was  proposed  for  traction  pur- 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


posos,  and  a  great  many  of  these  tried.  There 
were  abont  this  time  occasional  vague  sug- 
gestions that  the  electric  motor  might  be  a  pos- 
sibility of  the  future,  but  such  wild  statements 
fell  on  barren  ground.  We  must  remember 
that  at  that  time  the  only  electric  devices  in 
extensive  use  were  the  electric  telegraph,  first 
used  in  1835,  and  the  telephone,  which  had 
come  into  use  about  1877.  The  electric  light 
was  just  beginning  to  make  its  appearance. 
In  1878,  an  electric  arc  light,  the  first  in  this 
city,  was  exhibited  in  the  window  of  Faust's 
Restaurant  and  created  a  great  deal  of  interest, 
visitors  going  to  sec  it  from  all  parts  of  the 
city  and  surrounding  country.  At  that  time, 
however,  the  electric  light  was  looked  upon 
only  as  a  beautiful  illustration  of  a  scientific 
phenomenon,  and  few  realized  its  commercial 
possibilities. 

The  first  method  of  mechanical  traction  put 
into  practice  wa.s  that  of  pulling  the  car  by  an 
endless  wire  cable.  This  was  first  made  use  of 
in  San  Francisco   in   1873. 

From  San  Francisco  the  cable  system  jumped 
to  Chicago.  The  first  road  built  was  the  State 
Street  Line  of  the   Chicago   Railway. 

In  January,  1882,  the  first  train  ran  over  the 
road.  It  consisted  of  one  grip  ear  pulling  ten 
trail  cars  and  carried  one  thousand  passengers. 
From  Chicago,  the  cable  system  rapidly  spread 
to  Kansas  City,  St.  Louis,  Cincinnati,  Philadel- 
phia, etc.,  until  nearly  all  the  large  cities  except 
Boston  were  supplied  with  one  or  more  cable 
roads.  Perhaps  all  of  you  remember  the  first 
cable  road  in  St.  Louis.  It  is  what  is  now  called 
the  Suburban  Road  and  was  first  operated  in 
1886.  In  18;tl  it  was  convoi'ted  into  an  electric 
road. 

Just  about  this  time,  in  the  early  days  of  the 
cable  excitement,  the  electric  motor  first  began 
to  be  heard  from,  but  its  advocates  were  then 
classed  with  the  other  unbalanced  enthusiasts, 
at  that  time  so  plentiful.  It  is  a  remarkable 
fact  in  the  history  of  invention  that  great  and 
epoch  making  inventions  are  rarely  made  by 
one  man.  Almost  every  great  invention  has 
been  independently  made  by  several  men  who 


have  reached  their  conclusions  by  different 
methods.  This  is  probably  due  to  the  fact  that 
a  great  invention  is  the  outgrowth  of  a  neces- 
sity which  has  been  realized  independently 
by  several  workers.  And  so  it  was  with  the 
electric  railway.  The  electric  dynamo  had  al- 
ready been  developed  for  electric  lighting  pi;r- 
poses,  and  with  this  soui'ce  of  electric  energy 
available,  there  remained  only  the  adaptation 
of  the  electric  motor  for  traction  purposes. 
The  first  applications  for  patents  were  applied 
for  in  1880— Mr.  Edison  in  this  country  and 
Siemens  Brothers  in  Germany  being  among  the 
early  inventors. 

I  am  not  going  to  weary  you  with  a  review 
of  the  slow  and  tedious  growth  of  the  first 
electric  railways.  The  names  of  Edison,  of  Sie- 
mens, of  Daft,  of  Bentley,  of  Knight,  of  Van 
DePoele,  of  Thompson  and  of  many  others  will 
go  down  into  the  mechanical  history  with  those 
of  Watt  and  Stephenson.  It  Avas  difficult  to 
get  people  with  money  to  invest,  to  look  favor- 
ably upon  this  new  system.  Any  ordinary 
man  could  see  that  a  Avire  rope  could  pull  a 
car,  but  it  was  difficult  to  convince  the  hard- 
headed  business  man  that  a  combination  of 
magnets  and  copper  wire  would  pull  a  street 
ear.  All  sorts  of  electric  railway  systems  were 
put  into  use,  and,  as  is  usual  in  the  develop- 
ment of  great  inventions,  they  tried  to  do  the 
hardest  things  first.  Among  the  earliest  roads 
to  be  built  was  an  underground  conduit  road, 
but  there  Avas  so  much  trouble  Avith  the  rest 
of  the  apparatus  that,  even  if  the  conduit  had 
not  filled  up  Avith  mud  and  Avater  (Avhich  it 
inuiiediately  proceeded  to  do),  they  Avould  have 
liad  triiubjc  enough  to  cause  them  to  abandon 
the  i-oad.  Aftei-  the  overhead  Avire  Avas  cettled 
upon  as  the  best  transmission  medium  the 
trolley  caused  no  end  of  trouble,  and  before  the 
invention  of  the  present  under-running  trol- 
ley, Avhich  is  about  the  simplest  device  which 
can  be  thought  of,  all  sorts  of  trolleys  Avere 
tried.  Most  of  them  were  designed  to  run  on 
top  of  the  wire,  but  rarely  ran  there  for  any 
length  of  time.  For  several  years  experiment- 
ing continued  in  a  crude  sort  of  Avay.  Roads 
Avere  built  in  vai'ious  parts  of  the  country,  but 
they  Avere  all  small  roads,  and  fcAv  of  them 
tried  to  operate  electric  cars  all  the  time.    They 


ELECTRIC    RAILWAYS 


would  run  out  a  ear.  and  if  it  ran  they  would 
keep  it  out ;  but  if  it  got  into  trouble  it  would 
be  taken  in  and  turned  into  a  repair  shop. 

All  of  the  first  roads  used  elec-loeoniotives. 
That  is,  there  was  one  car  containing  the  motor 
which  drew  the  passenger  eai's  as  trailers. 
When  it  was  first  proposed  to  use  the  motor 
ear  as  a  passenger  car  and  put  the  motor  under 
the  floor  of  the  car  the  proposal  was  received 
with  a  great  deal  of  ridicule.  Some  very  prom- 
inent men,  in  speaking  of  it.  said:  "Such  a 
thing  is  utter  nonsense.  If  you  want  to  pull 
a  car  you  must  put  something  in  front  of  it  to 
pull  it.  Didn't  we  put  horses  in  front  of.  a 
car,  don"t  we  put  a  steam  engine  in  front  of 
a  train.'  You  might  .just  as  well  talk  about 
putting  the  horses  Avhiph  pull  one  of  onr  street 
cars  inside  the  ear."  The  first  electric  road  to 
run  entirely  as  an  electric  road  and  to  run  suc- 
cessfully, was  the  road  in  Richmond,  Va.  The 
Sprague  Eleetrit-  Motor  Co.  took  a  eoiitract  to 
etiuip  the  road  electrically.  The  road  was 
twelve  miles  long  and  was  to  be  e(|uipped  with 
forty  electric  cars.  This  was  1)y  far  the  lar- 
gest contract  wliich  had  been  attciiiiitcd  up  to 
that  time,  and  a  grrat  many  details  of  street 
railway  pi-opulsion  had  yi-t  tii  lir  Wdi'Ued  ont. 
The  road  was  hurriedly  huilt  and  was  opened 
for  regTilar  traffic  on  February  8,  1888,  After 
the  opening  day  its  sucerss  for  some  time  hung 
in  the  balance.  Troiibk'  after  trouble  was  en- 
countered. When  one  was  remedied  another 
spiimg  up.  All  the  thousand  and  oiu'  little  de- 
tails of  power  liouse,  of  ovei'head  construction, 
and  of  car  equipments  had  to  be  worked  out 
on  the  spot.  But  the  men  who  bad  undertaken 
the  Richmond  road  could  not  afford  to  let  it 
fail.  They  did  not  dare  to  think  of  failure. 
The  Richmond  road  had  been  hei-alded  far  and 
wide,  and  they  knew  that  its  failure  did  not 
mean  the  failnre  of  that  road  alone.  l)ut  that  it 
meant  a  blow  to  the  suceess  of  the  electric  road 
in  this  country  from  which  it  would  be  difficult 
to  recover.  All  of  the  difficulties  and  failures 
were  kept  as  secret  as  possible,  while  the  engi- 
neers were  working  day  and  night, — thinking, 
planning  and  experimenting,.  By  summer  they 
had  the  road  in  fair  running  condition,  and  by 
fall  it  had  become  known  as  a  pronounced 
success. 


The  men  to  Avhom  the  suceess  of  the  Rich- 
mond road  was  due  represented  a  new  force  in 
the  street  railway  field.  The  long-haired  in- 
ventor with  his  pockets  full  of  models  was 
passing  away,  and  in  his  place  had  come  the 
yoimg  engineer,  trained  to  work  on  scientific 
principles.  When  the  success  of  the  Richmond 
road  was  announced  it  became  the  Mecca  for 
every  street  railway  man  and  engineer  in  this 
country.  People  tiocked  from  everywhere  to 
see  the  road  and  stayed  to  studj-  its  operation. 
You  must  remember  that  at  that  time  people 
were  not  used  to  seeing  a  car  roll  along  with- 
out something  in  front  of  it  or  behind  it,  pull- 
ing or  pushing  it,  and  when  they  had  seen  it,  it 
was  something  to  go  home  and  tell  about. 

There  was  tremendous  opposition  at  first  ta 
the  introduction  of  the  overhead  trolle.v  in  th^' 
large  cities.  Public-spirited  citizens  shuddered 
to  think  of  the  danger  of  a  bare  wire  charged 
with  electricitj'  hanging  ovei'  the  sti'eets.  It 
was  said  that  the  wires  carrying  heavy  currents 
would  kill  the  shade  trees,  and  that  the  pres- 
ence of  so  much  electricity  hanging  in  the  air 
would  cause  sickness.  There  has  always  been 
manifested  the  same  sort  of  opposition  to  every 
new  invention.  When  steam  I'ailroads  Avero 
first  being  introduced,  the  Royal  College  of  Ba- 
varian Doctors  petitioned  the  authorities  to 
prohibit  their  Inulding.  because  they  said  tlie 
eft'ect  of  such  fast  travel  would  be  to  induce 
delirium  among  the  passengers  and  drive  the 
spectators  crazy.  Steam  i'ailroads  in  that  day 
ran  about  as  fast  as  steamboats  do  now.  In 
speaking  of  the  iiitrnduetion  of  steam  i-iilroads 
ail  English  i)a])cr  said:  "We  would  as  soon  ex- 
pect people  to  suffer  themselves  to  be  fired  from 
a  rocket  as  to  trust  themselves  to  the  mercy  of 
a  machine  going  at  the  enormous  rate  of  twelve 
miles  an  hour." 

The  first  electric  car  to  be  operated  in  the 
city  of  St.  Louis  was    on  Washington  avenue. 

During  the  summer  of  1887  experiments  were 
conducted  with  a  car  operated  by  a  storage 
battery.  However,  it  was  not  a  siiccess,  and 
after  a  short  time  its  use  was  discontinued. 

The  first  permits  to  use  overhead  trolley  wire 
in  the  cit.v  of  St.  Louis  were  granted  by  the 
Municipal  Assembly  April  4,  1889,  and  author- 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


ized  its  use  only  west  of  Jefferson  avenue  and 
south  of  Chouteau  avenue.  It  was  not  until 
April  4,  1890,  that  the  railways  were  given 
permission  to  ereet  the  overhead  wires  in  the 
center  of  the  city.  The  first  electric  cars  were 
operated  under  these  permits  on  Chouteau  ave- 
nue and  on  California  avenue  during  the  win- 
ter of  1889-1890. 

After  a  beginiiins'  had  boon  made,  the  work 
of  converting  the  horse  roads  to  electric  trac- 
tion progressed  rapidly,  and  hy  1896  all  the 
street  railways  in  this  city  were  operated  by 
mechanical  traction.  No  sooner  had  tliis  change 
been  accomplished  than  the  superiority  of  the 
electric  road  over  the  calile  read  in  tioxibility, 
reliability  and  adaptability  became  self-evi- 
dent. Notwithstanding  the  heavy  investment 
which  had  been  made  in  power  plants,  tracks 
and  cais  for  the  cable  roads,  it  was  manifestly 
expedient  to  change  their  motive  power  to 
electricity,  and  tlie  financial  interests  1)ack  of 
these  proi)ei-ti('s  fe;u-le;sly  faced  this  heavy  ex- 
penditure. All  of  the  cable  roads  had  l)een 
converted  by  1900,  and  the  city  sei'ved  entirely 
by  a  network  of  electric  I'oads.  Nearly  the 
same  condition  prevailed  in  all  the  lai'ge  cities 
of  the  United  States. 

From  the  small  hc^inniiii;-  A\iiich  aw'  liavc 
traced,  the  electric  railway  has  grown  and 
flourished  until  every  city  and  town  now  has  its 
electric  railway.  It  has  been  estimated  that 
there  are  now  (January  1.  1909)  in  operation  in 
the  United  States  86,000  cai-s,  running  over 
39,000  miles  of  ti-ack;  that  these  i-oads  employ 
directly  400,000  pei-sdns  and  recjuire  200,000,- 
000  horse  power  for  their  operation,  and  that 
their  receipts  are  approximately  $1,000,000  per 
day. 

Beyond  the  ti'ansportation  of  passengers, 
street  railways  have  branched  out  into  other 
enterprises,  and  now  express  and  freight  cars, 
mail  cars  and  parlor  cars  are  familiar  sights 
on  the  streets  of  Amciican  cities.  The  express 
and  freight  business  has  nmde  only  a  beginning, 
but  promises  to  become  a  gi'eat  boom  to  the 
cities  in  relieving  the  streets  of  lieavy  hauling. 

Along  with  this  growth,  the  organization, 
apparatus  and  methods  of   management    have 


made  great  progress.  Where  power  stations 
were  formerly  erjuipped  with  small  machines 
and  operated  in  haphazard  manner,  we  now 
have  mammoth  powei'  stations  capable  of  pro- 
ducing as  much  as  100,000  horse  power,  and 
requiring  the  greatest  degree  of  skill  for  their 
construction  and  maintenance. 

Where  it  is  available,  water  power  is  now 
used  for  producing  eleeti'ie  current,  which  is 
transmitted  to  the  neighboring  cities.  The 
street  cars  in  the  city  of  Buffalo  are  operated 
with  electric  power  produced  at  the  Falls  of 
Niagara,  80  miles  away.  To  run  the  cars  in 
San  Francisco,  electric  power  is  now  being 
ti'ansmitted  as   gi'cat  a   distance  as  150  miles. 

With  the  improvement  in  power  plants  there 
have  been  corresponding  advances  in  track 
construction  and  in  rolling  stock.  The  ti-ack  in 
this  city  is  now  being  laid  with  rails  weighing 
112  pounds  per  yard.  These  rails  are  laid  on 
ties  embedded  in  concrete,  being  six  inches  be- 
neath the  ties  and  extending  all  the  way  across 
the  roadbed.  Track  for  the  street  railways  of 
this  city  is  more  carefully  laid  and  costs  a  great 
deal  more  than  the  track  used  by  the  heaviest 
steam  raili'oads  in  this  country. 

It  has  been  only  a  few  years  since  we  had 
bob-tail  cars  drawn  by  mules.  The  fireproof 
cars  of  this  city  are  50  feet  in  length  over  all, 
constructed  with  a  steel  frame,  concrete  floor, 
conduit  wiring  and  equipped  with  cross  seats. 
They  are  mounted  on  ti-ucks  which  resemble 
those  which  are  used  in  steam  railroad  practice, 
are  equipped  with  four  forty  horsepowei'  mo- 
toi's  to  take  the  place  of  the  deposed  mule,  and 
are  supplied  with  powerful  air  brakes. 

Note. — We  are  informed  by  Master  Mechanic 
0"I?i-ien,  of  the  United  Railways  of  St.  Louis, 
that  he  has  just  completed  in  the  shops  and  put 
in  service  50  cars  (May  2,  1921).  The  length 
of  these  is  50  feet,  ecpiipped  with  four  twenty- 
five  horse  power  motors.  The  weight  of  each 
car  fully  e(|uipped  is  36,300  pounds.  On  the 
city  tracks  a  Tee  rail,  100  pounds  per  yard,  is 
used,  (hi  the  county  track,  80  poinid'^  per 
yai'd,  and  on  the  city  track  Trilby  rails  weigh- 
ing 132  pomuls  jiei-  yard  are  used. 


INTERURBAN    RAILWAYS 


One  of  the  notable  developments  in  the  later 
history  of  the  electric  railway  has  been  the 
rapid  growth  of  the  interurban  railway.  There 
arc  now  few  towns  in  the  neighborhood  of  large 
cities  which  are  not  connected  with  their  neigh- 
bors by  means  of  an  electric  railway.  These 
railways  vary  in  importance  all  the  way  from 
short  lines  running  small  cars,  to  expensive 
railways  built  on  steam  railroad  lines  with  cuts, 
fills,  steel  and  concrete  bridges,  operating 
heavy  cars  at  a  speed  as  great  as  50  miles  per 
hour.  They  carry  mail,  express  and  light 
freight,  and  in  some  cases  handle  heavy  freight, 
taking  steam  railroad  cars  and  switching  them. 
Some  of  them  run  dining  cars  and  one  has  now 
installed  sleeping  cars. 

I  might  go  further  and  tell  how  the  electric 
railway  has  altered  social  economy,  how  the 
street  railway  has  opened  up  great  tracts  of 
land  in  the  suburbs  for  settlement,  decreasing 
the  price  of  i-eal  estate,  breaking  up  the  old  ten- 
ement districts  and  making  it  possible  for  any- 
one to  own  his  own  home  in  the  suburbs.  The 
interurban  electric  road  has  brought  the  city 
and  country  together  to  the  mutual  benefit  of 
both.  In  the  farming  districts  the  combination 
of  the  interurban  railway,  the  telephone,  the 
windmill  and  the  rui-al  mail  delivery,  has  revo- 
lutionized the  farmer's  life;  but  all  this  is  more 
in  the  realm  of  the  sociologist  than  of  the  engi- 


It  was  early  i-ec<ignized  that  for  ccitain 
classes  of  railroad  woi'k,  such  as  swilching  in 
cities,  pulling  trains  through  tlic  tunnels  and 
the  handling  of  dense  traffic,  the  electric  motor 
possessed  certain  advantages  over  the  steam 
locomotive.  The  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad 
uses  an  electric  locomotive  to  pull  its  steam 
trains  through  a  tunnel  under  the  city  of  Bal- 
timore. Klectiic  locomotives  are  used  for  i\v 
same  purpose  to  pull  the  trains  of  the  (irand 
Trunk  Raili'oad  through  a  tunnel  nndei'  the 
St.  Clair  River  between  Sarnia  and  Port  Hu- 
ron. The  same  method  is  soon  to  be  employed 
in  the  tunnel  under  the  Detroit  River  from  De- 
troit to  Windsor,  Canada.  It  has  been  found 
impracticable  to  use  steam  power  in  this  tunnel 
work  on  account  of  the  emission  of  suffocating 
gases  by  the  locomotives. 


The  New  York  subway  has  done  a  great  deal 
to  relieve  the  congestion  of  the  dense  city  traf- 
fic, but  it  was  no  sooner  opened  for  business 
than  there  was  a  clamor  for  its  extension  to 
other  parts  of  the  city.  The  total  length  of  this 
line  is  about  25  miles,  of  which  five  miles  is 
viaduct  construction  and  20  miles  undergj'ound. 
The  subway  is  cariied  through  a  tunnel  under 
the  Harlem  River,  and  another  tunnel  has  been 
completed  under  the  East  River,  connecting 
lower  New  York  with  Brooklyn.  The  cars  fur- 
nished the  subway  are  entirely  of  steel  and 
fireproof.  The  New  York  Subway  is  the  only 
subway  in  an  American  city  in  which  the  cars 
run  entirely  underground.  Boston  and  Phila- 
delphi  both  have  subways  in  the  central  part 
of  the  city  which  are  used  only  as  terminals 
tor  the  surface  roads  in  the  congested  district. 

The  first  elevated  road  to  be  operated  with 
electricity  as  a  motive  power  was  the  intra- 
mural railway  at  the  Chicago  World's  Fair  in 
1893.  This  railway  operated  successfully  dur- 
ing the  exposition,  and  during  the  three  years 
following. 

The  elevated  i-ailroads  in  New  York  City, 
built  during  the  period  between  1870  and  1880, 
and  which  were  formerly  e(|uipped  with  steam 
locomotives,    are    n<nv     ojid'ated     by     electric 

P0W(>1'. 

Since  it  has  been  denuinsti-atcd  with  what 
reliability  electricity  may  be  used  as  a  motive 
poMer  for  heavy  i-ailroad  work,  and  with  what 
ease  and  facility  traffic  may  be  handled,  the 
•lucstion  has  often  been  asked.  How  soon  will 
electricity  replace  steam  as  the  motive  power 
of  steam  railroads?  This  (|uestion  may  be  an- 
swered by  stating  that  as  far  as  economy  is 
concerned  electricity  is  preferable  to  steam 
only  under  certain  special  conditions,  among 
which  are  those  that  the  distances  should  be 
comparatively  short  and  the  traffic  should  be 
dense.  Outside  of  the  i|uestion  of  ceonoaiy, 
theie  arc  other  great  advantages  in  the  use  of 
electricity,  among  which  are  the  relative  sim- 
jdicity  and  reliability  of  the  electric  locomotive, 
the  mitigation  of  the  smoke  nuisance,  and  the 
greater  comfort  and  cleanliness  in  traveling. 
During  the  next  few  years  we  are  likely  to  see 
the    rntroduetion    of    electricity     as    a     motive 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


power  iu  the  terminals  of  the  great  cities,  and 
perhaps  between  some  of  the  great  cities — 
such  as  New  York  and  Philadelphia,  or  New 
York  and  Boston — bnt  the  bnlk  of  long  dis- 
tance hauling  and  the  freight  traffic  is  likely 
to  be  done  by  steam  locomotives  for  some  time 
to  come.  The  steam  railroad  companies  are 
fully  alive  to  the  possibilities  of  electric  trac- 
tion, but  their  heavy  investment  in  steam  ap- 
paratus and  the  remarkable  degree  of  reliabil- 
ity to  which  some  of  the  systems  have  attained 
in  the  use  of  this  apparatus  cause  them  to 
move  slowly  and  with  extreme  caution  in  con- 
templating any  such  i-adical  change. 

ILLINOIS  TRACTION  SYSTEM 

It  is  interesting  to  note,  as  carrying  out  the 
prediction  of  Richard  iMcCullough  twelve  years 
ago  in  regard  to  suburban  ti-avel,  that  the  Illi- 
nois Traction  System,  an  electric  road  operating 
four  hundred  and  eighteen  miles  of  track  be- 
tween St.  Louis  and  Peoria,  111.,  besides  one 
hundred  and  twenty-five  miles  from  Princeton, 
111.,  to  Joliet,  is  only  the  beginning  of  this  Avon- 
derful  expansion,  providing  facilities  for  travel 
in  districts  not  supplied  by  steam  roads,  and 
even  competing  with  them  in  the  preference 
of  the  traveling  iDublic.  This  system,  having 
now  its  southern  terminus  at  Twelfth  and  Lu- 
cas Ave..  St.  Louis,  i-uns  thirteen  jiassenger 
trains  per  day.  both  ways,  out  of  and  into  St. 
Louis,,  and  uses  parloj-  cars,  dining  and  sleeping 
cars.  The  track  is  laid  with  standard  gauge 
rails  seventy  pounds  per  yard,  and  the  com- 
pany, besides  the  passenger  service,  interchange 
1600  cars  of  freight  per  month  with  other 
lines,  besides  shipping  150  tons  per  day  in  less- 
than-ear-load  lots  from  the  St.  Louis  terminus. 
The  company  also  operates  its  own  express 
cars  with  a  business  of  $5,000  per  month.  The 
plans  contemplate  an  extension  of  the  lines  to 
the  South  and  West.  The  McKinley  Bridge, 
built  by  this  company,  was  the  third  bridge  to 
span  the  Mississippi  River  at  St.  Lords,  and  is 
located  between  the  Eads  Bridge  and  the  Mer- 
chants' Bridge.  It  was  built  at  a  cost  of 
$3,500,000  and  was  opened  foi'  ti'affic  Nov,  10, 
1910. 

A  fourth  bridge,  located  lielow  the  Eads 
Bridge   at   Chouteau   avenue,    and    called    the 


Municipal  or  Free  Bridge,  is  open  to  the  public, 
but  is  not  entirely  complete  at  present,  1921. 

CITY   IMPROVEMENT 

WIDENING  SOUTH  TWELFTH. 
(From  the  St.  Louis  Globe-Democrat,  Feb.  8,  1920.) 

Now  that  the  matter  of  widening  Twelfth  street 
north  of  Washington  avenue  has  been  favorably  set- 
tled and  that  project  launched  offlcially,  the  same  final 
determination  of  the  plan  to  widen  the  street  south  of 
Park  avenue  should  be  made.  This  artery  of  travel 
to  the  southwestern  portion  of  the  city  is  a  necessity 
in  the  growth  of  the  city.  The  City  Plan  Commission 
has  laid  out  a  project  there  as  a  part  of  the  general 
plan  to  make  adequate  a.teries  of  travel  from  the 
center  of  the  city  to  the  outlying  districts,  the  need 
of  which  becomes  more  urgent  almost  month  by 
month. 

The  growth  of  St.  Louis  during  the  next  decade 
promises  to  be  very  great.  Plans  for  adequate  out- 
lets from  the  business  section  should  not  be  unnec- 
essarily delayed.  Our  vision  of  the  future  of  the  city 
should  be  as  wide  as  its  possibilities.  We  should 
make  intelligent  provision  for  what  may  reasonably 
be  expected,  the  realization  of  which  will  necessarily 
be  hastened  by  the  making  of  such  provision.  We 
shall  have  to  be  active,  indeed,  if  we  keep  ahead  of 
the  city's  growth,  or  even  keep  pace  with  it.  Our 
chief  danger  is  that  we  shall  curb  its  progress  by 
being  too  dilatory  in  the  matter  of  public  improve- 
ments. This  is  not  so  much  a  matter  of  civic  pride 
as  it  is  of  plain  apprehension  of  the  business  needs 
of  the  city.— Globe-Democrat,  Feb.  S,  1920. 


ST.  LOUIS  FUR  MARKET 
St.  Louis  is  the  greatest  fur  market  in  the 
workl.  A  new  fur  house  exclusively  is  novi'  at 
Fourth  and  Market  streets.  Fur  sales  amotnit- 
ed  to  $30,000,000  in  1919;  $70,000,000  in  1920; 
and  the  February  sale,  1921,  $15,000,000,  with 
two  more .  sales  to  occur  this  year.  It  is  not 
expected  to  reach  the  amount  of  1920  sales, 
however. 

ST.   LOUIS 
THE  WORLD'S  MARKETPLACE  FOR  FURS 

St.  Louis  is  in  the  path  and  is  the  gateway  through 
which  the  world's  fur  trade  routes  pass.  Naturally 
and  fundamentally  it  is  the  world's  largest  fur  mar- 
ket. It  was  founded  by  Pierre  Laclede  in  1764  as  a 
fur  trading  post  because  of  its  favorable  location. 
Today  it  is  the  fourth  city  in  the  United  States  with 
a  population  of  over  1,000,000. 

St.  Louis  is  in  the  heart  of  the  greatest  fur-pro- 
ducing and  the  greatest  fur-consuming  country  in 
the  world. 

St.  Louis  receives  more  furs  direct  from  the  trap- 
ping sections  of  North  America  than  all  other  cities 
in  the  United  States  combined. 

St.  Louis  is  situated  almost  in  the  very  center  of 
North  America,  and  consequently  surrounded  by  a 
population  of  over  120,000,000  of  the  wealthiest  people 
in  the  world,  who  have  a  buying  power  greater  than 
that  of  the  rest  of  the  world  combined. 


ST.  LOUIS    FUR    MARKET 


In  addition  to  this,  practically  all  of  the  fur-con- 
suming countries  of  the  earth  are  represented  by  the 
hundreds  of  buyers  who  attend  our  regular  auction 
sales  three  times  a  year.  These  buyers  come  to  St. 
Louis  from  all  parts  of  the  globe  because  we  offer  the 
largest  quantities,  the  greatest  varieties,  the  best  as- 
sortment and  the  most  efficient  service. 

And  finally,  we  represent  the  United  States  Gov- 
ernment, the  owner  of  the  largest  seal  herd  in  the 
world,  in  the  sale  of  all  of  its  sealskins  and  other 
furs.  This,  together  with  the  fact  that  the  Govern- 
ments of  Japan.  Russia.  Canada  and  Uruguay  have 
all  shipped  their  seals  to  us  to  be  sold,  has  firmly  es- 
tablished St.  Louis  as  the  Sealskin  market  of  the 
world. 

St.  Louis  has  thirty-two  great  lines  of  railroads 
that  reach  every  point  of  North  America  and  go  di- 
rect to  every  nort  on  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  oceans. 
and  the  Mississippi,  the  largest  river  in  the  world, 
connects  the  port  of  St.  Louis  with  both  oceans 
through  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  the  Panama  Canal. 

St.  Louis  is  famous  for  its  hospitality  and  its  wel- 
come to  all  visitors.  It  is  a  city  of  great  wealth. 
thriving  industry  and  beautiful  homes. 

St.  Louis,  the  world's  market  place  for  furs,  is  at 
your  service. 

The  International  Fur  Exchange  is  exactly  what  the 
name  implies— a-  great  central  exchange  where  furs 
from  all  the  nations  of  the  Earth  are  collected  and 
sold  to  the  world's  largest  and  strongest  buyers. 
Its  object  is  to  serve  and  help  develop  the  Fur  In- 
dustry. It  was  established  in  1916.  and  today  has  a 
capital  and  surplus  of  over  $8,000,000,  and  capital 
and  credit  resources  of  over  $20,000,000. 

The  International  Fur  Exchange  was  organized  for 
the  purpose  of  buying  and  developing  the  business  of 
Funs'.en  Bros.  &  Co.  and  the  F.  C.  Taylor  Fur  Co., 
the  two  largest  fur  receiving  houses  in  America.  It 
continues  the  use  of  their  trade 


Funsten  Bros.  &  Co.  was  es'ablished  in  St.  Louis 
in  1881,  and  originally  did  exclusively  a  direct  busi- 
ness with  American  shippers  of  raw  furs.  In  recent 
years,  however,  the  business  has  grown  and  develop- 
ed into  the  receiving,  handling  and  selling  of  furs 
from  almost  every  fur-bearing  country  of  the  earth. 
The  company  is  still  managed  by  the  same  men  who 
built  up  its  great  fur  business. 

The  F.  C.  Taylor  Fur  Co.  was  established  in  St. 
Louis  in  1871.  It  has  long  enjoyed  the  distinction  of 
being  the  largest  house  in  America  handling  exclu- 
sively North  American  furs.  It  receives  many  mil- 
lions of  dollars  worth  of  furs  direct  from  American 
trappers  exclusively,  all  of  which  are  sold  by  the 
International  Fur  Exchange. 

The  men  who  owned  Funsten  Bros.  &  Co.  and  F. 
C.  Taylor  Fur  Co.  are  the  men  who  organized  the 
International  Fur  Exchange,  and  the  International 
Fur  Exchange  is  the  great  company  that  owns  and 
finances  both  of  these  old-established  houses.  It  con- 
solidates and  co-operates  their  efforts  through  the 
one  big,  strong  organization  on  an  economic  basis, 
which  enables  us  to  render  a  bigger  and  more  effi- 
cient service  to  the  whole  Fur  Industry  of  the  world 
than  would  be  possible  in  any  other  way. 

Our  policy  is  entirely  constructive.  The  Inter- 
national Fur  Exchange  was  organized  to  perform  a 
real   servics   to   the   whole   fur   trade.      Our   purpose 


is  to  bring  the  buyer  and  seller  of  furs  together 
from  all  parts  of  the  world  on  the  most  economic 
basis  to  all;  to  receive  furs;  to  grade  and  show  them 
to  the  best  advantage;  to  act  as  Agent  for  the  sale; 
to  deliver  the  furs  and  finance  the  shippers  and 
buyers  of  furs  from  every  part  of  the  globe. 

In  a  word,  our  whole  aim  is  to  furnish  the  best 
outlet  in  the  world  to  the  man  who  has  furs  to  sell — 
to  yield  him  the  greatest  value  at  the  very  lowest  cost 
for  selling.  And  also  to  aft'ord  the  buyer  a  source  of 
supply  wherein  he  has  the  great  advantages  of  quan- 
tity, variety  and  quality,  and  is  guaranteed  standard- 
ized, accurate,  reliable  grading,  and  proper  buying 
protection. 

The  best  proof  of  our  service  to  t'le  fur  trade  is 
the  record  of  results  obtained.  In  our  fiscal  year 
ending  in  June,  1916,  our  total  sales  were  $5,302,- 
679.92.  and  these  sales  have  steadily  increased  until 
in  our  fiscal  year  ending  in  June.  1919,  our  total 
sales  amounted  to  approximately  $32,000,000;  and, 
judging  from  business  done  so  far  in  the  present 
fiscal  year  ending  in  June,  1920,  we  are  justified  in 
believing  that  our  sales  will  reach  the  great  total  of 
over  $65,000,000. 

We  must  accept  these  results  as  an  indication  that 
we  are  performing  the  service  to  the  great  Fur  In- 
dustry of  the  world  which  we  have  tried  so  earnestly 
to  render. 

We  wish  to  express  our  sincere  appreciation  of  the 
confidence  which  the  fur  trade  has  placed  in  us.  Wo 
are  the  competitors  of  no  one.  but  the  servants  of  all. 

INTERNATIONAL  FUR  EXCHANGE, 

Largest  Sellers  of  Furs  in  the  World 

ST.  LOUIS.   U.   S.   A. 


(From  Globe-Democrat,  February  15,  1920.) 
$27,030,000  OF  FURS  SOLD  AT  AUCTION  HERE 


Approximately    1, 530,000, CCO    Pelt^    Disposed    of,    ai 
Sales  for   Fiscal    Year   Estimated   at  »65,000,C00 


When  the  hammer  fell  to  mark  the  la?t  day  of  the 
winter  auction  fur  sales  under  the  auspices  of  Funs- 
ten Brothers  &  Co.  International  Fur  Exchange  yes- 
terdav  afternoon,  more  than  $27,000,000  was  found  to 
have  been  realized  in  the  greatest  fur  sale  the  world 
has  ever  known. 

Including  large  and  small  skins,  a  total  of  1,500,- 
000,000  pelts  were  disposed  of. 

The  sale  marked  a  growth  in  the  history  of  such 
sales  in  St.  Louis  that  was  almost  inconceivable  to 
the  buyers  a* tending.  The  sales  of  the  first  day  of 
the  auction  were  $5,088,173,  about  equal  in  amomt 
to  the  total  for  the  entire  fiscal  year  of  191G,  ending 
in  June  of  that  year.  The  total  of  sales  for  the 
present  fiscal  year,  ending  at  the  same  month,  will 
approximate  $65,000,000. 

In  this  sale  all  furs  native  to  America  were  in- 
cluded as  well  as  other  skins  from  all  over  the  world. 
Alaska.  Urug-av,  Siberia,  Macedonia,  New  Zealand 
and   other  countiie.s. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


KNOW  ST.  LOUIS 

St.   Louis,    the    fourth     city     of    the   Uuitecl 
States  in  population,  has: 

Foi-ty    million    prople    witliin    a    i-adins   of   500 
miles  of  St.  L;iuis. 

The   lai'sest   and   most   important    city    in   tlie 
Louisiana  Purchase. 

The  lai-uest  manufacturers  iu  the  world  are  in 
St.  Louis. 


The  lai'gest  dru-  house  in  tl 
in   St.  Louis. 

The   lari-e.st    Avoodemvai-r    h' 
iu  St.  Louis. 


United  States  is 
,e  in   America   is 


The  laro'cst   hardware  house  in   America   is  in 
St.  Louis. 

The  best  dry   iioods  mai'ket  west  of  the  Alle- 
ghenies  is  St.  IaiuIs. 

The  largest  slioe  house  in  the  world  is  at   St. 
Louis. 

The  lnr-.'.st  shoe  distiahuting  city  in  the  world 
is  St.  Louis. 

The  second  largest  millinery  market  in  Anun-ica 
is  St.   Louis. 

The  largest  coffee  distiibuting  city  in  America 
is  St.  Louis. 

One  of  the  greati/st  railroad  centers  in  America 
is  St.  Louis. 

The  principal  city  on  the  longest  river  in  North 
America  is  St.  Louis. 

The  largest  hardwood  lumber  market  in  Amer- 
ica is  St.  Louis. 

The  largest  hoi'se  and  mule  market  in  the  world 
i;  St.  Li>uis. 

The    greatest     manufacturers    of    stoves     and 
ranges  are  in  St.  Louis. 

The  third  largest  live  stock  market  in  the  world 
is  St.  Louis. 

The  foui-th  city  as  a   manufacturing  center  is 
St.  Louis. 

The   leading    manufacturers     of     chemicals    in 
America  are  in  St.  Louis. 


The  largest  crusher  and  pulverizer  factory  in 
the  woi'ld  is  in  St.  Louis. 

The  foremost  city  in  the  land  iu  pi'oprietary 
medicines  is  St.  Louis. 

Receipts  of  grain  in  1918,  97,647,660  bnshel.5. 

The  largest  and  most  complete  railway  station 
in  America  is  in  St.  Louis. 

Shipments  of  grain  in  1918,  65,693,600  bushcb. 

Receipts  of  tiour  in  1918,  2,965,320  barrels. 

Shipments  of  tlonr  in  1918.  3,951,320  barrel^. 

To:n!age  received  and  f'oi'wai'ded  in  1918  72- 
4S-1,902. 

Has  127  imblic  scho'ils,  with  120,895  scholars. 

I'lu'  of  t!ie  largest  and  most  complete  railway 
•stations  in  America  is  in  St.  Louis. 

lias   67   ind)lie   parks  and   scpiares,   containing 

Pieces  of  mail  m.-itter  originating  in  St.  Louis 
in  19IS.  ;!17,50!t,124. 

It  is  renowned  for  l)eautifnl  i-eddence  districts. 

Real  estate  transfers  in  1918,  9,734.821. 

Deeds  of  trust  in  1918,  140,410.757. 

I'ersonal   pi'opci'ty  assessed  1918,  ;V>54,186,710. 

Xnml  cr  jxiunds  pai-cel  pest  I'ccdvcd,  7,944.138. 

Xniidjer  iiounds  parcel  post  dispatched,  27,- 
(;41,Oli7. 

Wheat  receipts,  bu.shels,  1918.  37.731.818. 

Cir.i  I'eceipts,  bu.shels,  1918,  25,707,161. 

Dats  n'ceipts,  bn  ;hels,  1918,  32,884,465. 

Wheat  shiiimeuts,  bushels,  1918,  21,0!i5,500. 

Coiai  shipments,  haisliels,  1918,  16,589.260. 

Oat  shipments,  bushels,  1918,  27,271,340. 

Hank  cleai-ings,  1918,  $7,838,846,910. 

The  greatest  uundier  of  square  feet  and  acre- 
age in  one  building,  that  of  the  Railway  Ex- 
change building,  is  in  St.  Louis. 

The  largest  and  gi'eatest  lirewcry  in  the  world 
as  was,  is  in  St.  Louis. 


ST.  LOUIS    PARKS 


CITY  PARKS 

Besides  Forest  Park,  St.  Louis  has  54  public 
parks  and  playgrounds,  covering  2,700  acres. 
The  piincipal  recreation  spots,  all  of  which  are 
attractive,  are  as  follows : 

Tower  Grov(>  Park,  adjoining-  Shaw's  Gar- 
den.    Famous  for  water  lilies  and  statues. 

Fairground — North  side.  Largest  open  air 
swimming  pool  in  the  world. 

O 'Fallon  Park— North  St.  Louis.  Rugged, 
well  shaded  hy  dense  foi'cst.  overlooking  the 
Mississippi.    I^ake  foi'  boating. 

Chain  of  Rock.s— At  the  end  of  a  delightful 
ride  along  the  river  front  to  northernmost  ex- 
tremity of  St.  Louis.  Natural,  rugged.  Steps 
hewn  in  the  solid  stone  lead  you  up  to  mag- 
nificeut  ^■iew  of  the  ^Mississippi  River  and  the 
Municipal  AYaterworks,  largest  rapid  sand  fil- 
ter plant  in  the  world ;  purification  capacit.v, 
160,000,000  gallons  per  day.  Open  for  inspec- 
tion daily,  Sundays  and  holidays  included. 

Lafayette  Park — Alississippi  and  Lafayette 
avenues.  Statues  of  AVa.shiugton  and  Thomas 
H.  Benton.  The  latter  is  flanked  by  three  can- 
non, trophies  of  the  war  of  1776. 

Carondelet  Park — South  St.  Louis,  180  acres, 
rolling,  heavily  wooded  ground  which  has  been 
left  practically  in  its  natural  state. 


HOW  ST.  LOUIS  HAS  (JROAYN  IN  SEYEN- 
TY-ONE  YEARS 

1828  5,000 

1830  5.862 

1833  6.397 

1835  8,316 

1837  12,040 

1840  16,469 

1844  34,140 

1850  74,439 

1852  94,000 

1856  125,200 

1859  185,587 

1866  204,234 


1870  United  States  Census 310,867 

1880  United  States  Census 350,522 

1890  United  States  Census 451,772 

1900  United  States  Census 575,288 

1910  United  States  Census 687,029 

1911,  Estimated 700,000 

1912,  Estimated 750,000 

1913,  Estimated 750,000 

1915,  Estimated 800,000 

1919,  Estimated 850,000 


CLOSING  CHAPTERS  OF  THE  WORLD  WAR 


Sept.  16,  191S. — Austria-Hungary  dispatched  an  ap- 
peal tor  a  closed,  non-binding  conference  to  discuss 
the  possibility  of  a  basis  for  peace. 

Sept.  17. — President  Wilson  replied  that  his  ideas 
on  peace  were  well  known  and  that  such  a  confer- 
ence as  proposed  could  not  be  entertained  by  this 
country. 

Oct.  6. — Prince  .Alax  of  Germany  sent  a  note  to 
President  Wilson  asking  that  he  bring  about  a  gen- 
eral armistice  and  peace  on  the  basis  ot  his  an- 
nounced principles. 

Oct.  7. — Austria-Hungary  asked  for  an  armistice 
and  peace  based  on  the  President's  announced  prtti- 
ciples. 

Oct.  S. — President  Wilson  replied  to  Prince  Max 
with  three  inquiries  to  test  the  good  faith  ot  the 
German  offer  and  announced  he  could  not  make  any 
armistice  proposals  to  the  allies  so  long  as  Germany 
occupied  conquered  territory. 

Oct.  14. — Turkey's  peace  appeal  based  on  the  Presi- 
dent's announced  principles  received  by  Wilson. 

Oct.  IS. — President  Wilson  answered  the  latest 
Austrian  appeal  by  saying  he  could  not  accept  "mere 
autonomy"  grants  to  the  peoples  of  the  dual  mon- 
archy as  peace  provisions,  but  that  those  peoples 
themselves  must  decide  what  they  wanted. 

Oct.  22. — Prince  Max  sent  a  note  to  President  Wil- 
son saving  inhumane  warfare  had  been  ordered 
s'opped  on  land  and  sea  and  that  constitutional 
changes  were  being  made  by  the  new  government  so 
fia*.  more  power  would  be  in  the  hands  of  the  peo- 
ple and  equal  franchises  granted  all  Germans. 

Oct.  25. — President  Wilson  answered  Prince  Max 
by  saying  he  had  communicated  the  German  appeal 
for  an  armistice  and  peace  to  the  allied  governments 
but  added  that  if  Germany  persisted  in  retaining  her 
militarists  in  power,  nothing  but  surrender  would  be 
acceptable  to  the  United  States  Government. 

Oct.  27. — Germany  acknowledged  receipt  of  the 
President's  last  note  and  said  it  was  awaiting  the 
armistice  terms. 

Oct.  29. — Col.  House  and  allied  diplomats  and  mili- 
tary chiefs  gathered  at  Versailles  to  formulate  ar- 
mistice terms. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Oct.  29.— Austria  sued  Wiilson  for  a  separate  peace, 
agreeing  to  liis  demands  tor  subject  nations. 

Oct.  30— Austria  asked  Lansing  personally  to  hur- 
ry the  President  in  gaining  a  separate  peace. 

Oct.  31. — Turkey  surrendered  to  the  British  in  the 


Oct.   31,— Austr 
1  the  field. 


isked   Italians   for 


Oct.  31. — President  in  note  to  Turkey  said  he  pass- 
ed on  its  armistice  plea  to  the  allies. 

Oct.  31. — President  asked  Swedish  authorities  to 
notify  Austria-Hungary  orally  that  he  sent  its  plea 
for  an  armistice  to  the  allies. 

Nov.  3. — Austria  signed  surrender  terms  of  the 
allies. 

Nov.  4. — Versailles  conference  announced  complete 
unity  signed  agreement  on  terms  of  armistice  for 
Germany. 

Nov.  4. — Austria  ceased  hostilities  at  3  p.  m. 

Nov.  .5. — President  Wilson  notified  Germany  she 
can  get  the  armistice  terms  by  applying  to  Gen. 
Foch. 

Nov.  6. — United  States  notified  Roumania  her  in- 
terests will  be  respected  at  the  peace  table. 

Nov.  G. — Germany  dispatched  mission  to  French 
lines  to  get  armistice  terms  from  Foch. 


Nov.   9. — Kaiser   abdicate 
nounced  the  throne. 


.    Nov.  11. — Officially  announced 
the  armistice  had  been  signed. 


and    Crown    Prince   re- 
Washington  that 


WAR    LOSSES    OF    U.    S.    TOTALED    293,070 


:ed   List  Shows  34,844  Killed  in  Action 


Washington,  February  C. — Completion  of  the  rec- 
ord of  casualties  of  the  American  expeditionary 
forces  in  the  world  war  was  announced  today  by 
Adjt.  Gen.  Harris  with  the  issuance  of  a  final  revised 
list  of  the  "old  casualties."  Since  the  review  of  the 
American  expeditionary  forces  records  practically 
have  been  completed,  it  was  said  no  further  additions 
or  corrections  were  anticipated. 

The  last  names  added  to  the  list  of  killed  in  action 
were: 

Privates  Neles  Penderson,  Howard,  S.  D.,  and  Paul 
Schmidt,  Kalamazoo,  Mich.,  bringing  the  total  casual- 
ties to  date  as  follows; 

Killed  in  action,  including  3S2  at  sea 34,844 

Died  of  wounds 13,960 

Died  of  disease 23,738 

Died  from  accident  and  other  causes 5,102 

77,644 

Wounded  in  action  (over  85  per  cent  returning  to 
duty),  215,423. 


Missing  in  action  (not  including  prisoners  released 
and  returned),  3. 

Total  of  293,070. 

War  Department  officials  said  it  was  remarkable 
that  the  final  compilation  showed  only  three  men  list- 
ed as  "missing  in  action." 


OFFICIAL  STATEMENT 

Wai-  Department, 

The  Adjutant  General's  Office, 

Wa.shington.  February  12.  1920. 

In  reply  refer  to  A.  G.  0.55.9   (World  War)  — 
Adm." 

M.  F.  Williams,  St.  Louis. 

Dear  Sir: 

In  response  to  your  letter  of  the  7th  instant, 
in  which  you  requested  to  be  advised  relative 
to  the  approximate  number  of  Amei'ican  sol- 
diers who  lost  their  lives  during-  tho  World 
War,  I  am  directed  by  the  Secretary  of  War  to 
inform  you  as  follows : 

The  total  number  of  deaths  from  all  causes 
among  members  of  the  American  Expedition- 
ary Forces  is  77,118.  In  addition,  139  members 
of  the  Siberian  Expeditionary  Forces  and  ap- 
proximately 37,000  soldiers  on  duty  in  the 
United  States  and  its  possessions  lost  their  lives 
during  the  period  of  the  war,  making  a  grand 
total  of  approximately  114,250. 

Very  respectfully. 


P.   C.   HARRIS, 

The  Adjutant  General. 


(From    Globe-Democrat,    1920.) 
100,000    FLU    CASES    REPORTED    PAST   WEEK 


Largest    Increase    Made   in    New   York   Where   30,406 
Developed 


Washington,  February  5.— More  than  100.000  addi- 
tional influenza  cases  were  reported  during  the  week 
ended  January  31,  said  a  statement  issued  today  by 
the  Public  Health  Service.     The  largest  increase  was 


THE   FLU    EPIDEMIC 


.-here  30,406  new 


in  New  York  City 
veloped. 

The  epidemic  is  steadily  abating  at  nearly  all 
army  camps,  according  to  reports  to  medical  au- 
thorities. To  date  26S2  cases  have  been  reported  in 
the  military  personnel,  with  forty-two  deaths. 

Decrease    in    New  York. 

New  York.  February  5.— There  was  a  decease  in 
new  influenza  cases  and  death  and  in  pneumonia 
deaths,  but  a  slight  increase  in  pneumonia  cases.  In- 
fluenza cases  totaled  3126  and  deaths  152.  represent- 
ing decreases  of  151  and  34,  respectively.  New  pneu- 
monia cases  totaled  S19,  an  increaseot  37,  and  pneu- 
monia deaths  1S2,  a  dscreaseot  11. 


Decl 


Chicago. 


Chicago,  111.,  February  5. — A  continued  gradual  de- 
cline in  influenza  and  pneumonia  cases  was  recorded 
today.  New  cases  of  influenza  numbered  570,  pneu- 
monia 237.  There  were  sixty-one  deaths  from  influ- 
enza and  the  same  number  from  pne.imonia. 


(From  Globe-Democrat,  Feb. 
CRKST    OV   THE    EPinE:\II(' 


1920.) 


INFLUENZA    SITUATION    BREAKS   CLI   - 

MAX   HERE  WITH  757  NEW  CASES 


75  Deaths  in  24  Hours  Only   Equaled   by   Worst   Days 
Last  Winter 


With  75  deaths  from  pneumonia  and  influenza  dur- 
ing the  twenty-four  hour  period,  ending  at  4  n.  m.  yes- 
terday and  with  757  new  cases  reported  to  the  Health 
Department  since  noon  Tuesdar,  and  up  to  yesterday 
morning,  the  influenza  situation  in  St.  Louis  reached 
a  new  high  mark,  which  is  equaled  in  seriousness 
only  by  the  worst  d;!ys  during  the  epidemic  last 
winter. 

Included  in  yesterday's  dea'h  are  forty-two  from 
pneumonia  and  thirty-three  from  influenza. 

The  total  number  of  deaths  sincL'  .lanuary  19.  when 
the  disease  became  prevalent  in  St.  Louis,  now  is  .554, 
including  359  from  pneumonia  and  195  from  influ- 
enza. During  the  forty-eight  hours  preceding  yester- 
day's mortality  report,  126  persons  succumbed  to 
these  diseases. 

High  Mortality  Rate 

The  total  number  of  new  cases  reported  since  Jan- 
uary 19,  is  5262.  With  554  deaths  for  the  same  pe- 
riod the  mortality  rate  would  be  more  than  10  per 
cent,  which  greatly  exceeds  the  mortality  rate  re- 
corded for  any  period  of  the  191S-19  epidemic. 

The  situation  is  being  viewed  with  extreme  con- 
cern by  the  officers  of  the  Health  Department,  who, 
however,  still  believe  that  the  appalling  death  rate  is 
largely  the  result  of  the  failure  of  many  physicians 
to  report  their  cases. 

At  the  City  Hospital  thirty-one  new  influenza  pa- 
tients were  admitted  during  the  twenty-four  hours, 
at  8  a.  m.  yesterday.     Eleven  persons  died  of 


influenza  and  pneumonia  at  the  institution  during 
the  same  period.  The  total  number  of  cases  received 
at  the  hospital  since  January  19  has  been  443  and 
the  number  of  deaths  73. 

Health  Commissioner  Starkloff  was  still  ill  at  his 
home  yesterday,  suffering  from  a  severe  case  of  ton- 
silitis.  He  is  not  expected  to  return  to  his  office  for 
a  number  of  days. 

Warning  to    Keep   Children    Home 

Assistant  Health  Commissioner  G.  E.  Jordan,  who 
is  in  charge  of  the  city's  fight  against  the  disease  in 
Starkloff's  absence,  yesterday  issued  a  statement 
again  warning  parents  to  keep  their  children  at  home, 
and  not  to  permit  them  to  go  into  moving  picture 
houces  and  crowded  stores. 

"Since  the  closing  of  the  schools,"  the  statement 
reads,  "this  department  finds  that  the  parents  of 
children  are  not  extending  the  proper  co-operation  in 
keeping  their  children  away  from   congested  places. 

"The  children's  reading  rooms  of  the  public  li- 
braries were  forced  to  be  closed  on  account  of  con- 
gestion there. 

"This  morning  the  inspector  in  charge  of  the  in- 
cpection  of  5  and  10  cent  stores,  reports  a  large 
number  of  children  idling  in  these  stores. 

"It  is  not  essential  that  children  should  be  any- 
where excepting  at  home,  or  in  the  open  air,  and 
during  the  present  situation  the  Hea'th  Department 
urgently  requests  the  co-operation  of  parents  in  thi ; 
particular." 


FLU   DEATH    RATE  ONLY  HALF  OF  THAT   IN   1919 


Washington,  February  12,  1920— The  mortality  rate, 
due  to  the  influenza  epidemic  this  year  was  about 
half  of  that  in  1919,  said  a  statement  today  by  the 
Public  Health  Service,  announcing  that  the  present 
epidemic  apparently  had  reached  its  peak, 

"A  comparison,"  the  statement  said,  "of  the  excess 
mortality  rate  per  100,000  of  population  for  the  re- 
snective  peak  week  of  1918  and  1920  shows:  Chicago 
1SS6.  compared  with  4620  in  1918:  Milwaukee  1454, 
as  compared  with  1915;  Washington  2072,  as  com- 
pared with  97S9. 

These  rates  may  lip  taken  as  a  fair  indication  of 
conditions  throughout  the  country. 


(Globe-Democrat,   Feb.   6,   1920.) 
63   DIE  OF   INFLUENZA  AND  PNEUMONIA 

IN    ST.   LOUIS   IN   ONE   DAY 


6S1    New  Cases    Reported,  While  622    Deaths  Are   Re- 
corded Since  Jan.  19. 


With  sixty-eight  deaths  from  pneumonia  and  influ- 
enza in  St.  Louis  during  the  24-hour  period  ending  at 
4  p.  m.  yesterday,  and  with  681  new  cases  reported 


THE     WILLIAMS     HISTORY 


to  the  Health  Department  in  the  period  from  noon 
Wednesday  to  noon  Thursday,  the  Influenza  situation 
in  St.  Louis  yesterday  showed  a  slight  improvement 
as  compared  with  the  previous  day. 

Health  officials  are  hopeful  that  the  crest  of  the 
epidemic  has  been  reached  and  that  the  future  will 
bring  a  gradual  decrease  in  the  number  of  new  cases 
as  well  as  in  the  fatalities. 

Yesterday's  deaths  are  evenly  divided  as  to  in- 
fluenza and  pneumonia.  The  reports  show  3-1  per- 
sons died  of  influenza  and  34  of  pneumonia. 

The  high  mark  of  the  epidemic  was  reached 
Wednesday,  when  7.5  deaths  from  both  causes  and 
757  new  influenza  cases  were  recorded  in  a  single 
day. 

Cases   Total    5943 

Since  January  19,  when  the  diseases  became  preva- 
lent in  St.  Louis,  there  have  been  5943  cases  and  622 
deaths.  Influenza  claimed  229  victims  and  pneumo- 
nia 393. 

Assistant  Health  Commissioner  Jordan  called  at- 
tention to  the  fact  that  the  deaths,  recorded  as  "pneii- 
monia  fatalities"  are  actually  pneumonia  cases,  and 
not  fatal  influenza  complicat-ons.  Therefore,  lie 
said,  the  influenza  death  rate  should  be  based  on  the 
fatal  influenza  cases  exclusively,  treating  the  pneu- 
monia fatalities  separately. 

"When  an  influenza  patient  develops  pneumonia 
and  dies.  Dr.  Jordan  said,  "the  death  certiflcate  will 
state  as  the  cause  of  death,  'pneumonia  contracted 
through  influenza.'  These  certificates  are  being 
counted  as  deaths  from  influenza.' 

"If.  on  the  other  hand,  a  person  contracts  a  fatal 
case  of  pneumonia,  without  influenza,  the  cause  for 
his  death  is  given  as  'pneumonia.'  " 

An  order  prohibiting  special  demonstrations  of  ar- 
ticles in  department  and  5  and  10  cent  stores,  as 
a  precaution  to  avoid  congestion,  has  been  issued 
by  Dr.  Jordan.  The  order,  which  was  transmitted 
at  once  to  the  Chief  of  Police,  reads  as  follows: 

"Effective  a.  m.  Friday,  February  6,  the  special 
demonstrations  of  articles  in  department  and  5  ana 
10  cent  stores  are  forbidden. 

"Tlie  co-operation  of  the  Police  Department  in  en- 
forcing this  order  will  be  appreciated." 

Sixteen  additional  influenza  patients  were  admit- 
ted at  the  City  Hospital  during  the  twenty-foiir-hour 
period,  ending  at  S  a.  m.  yesterday.  In  the  same  pe- 
riod eighth  deaths  from  both  diseases  were  re- 
corded. 

Hospital    Situation    Good. 


Hospital  Commissioner  Shutt  said  tlie  general  sit- 
uation at  the  hospital  was  good  and  that  even  chil- 
dren could  be  admitted  again.  The  only  serious  han- 
dicap, he  said,  was  the  shortage  of  help,  especially 
in  the  laundry,  where  ten  additional  workers  are 
needed. 

Dr.  Shutt  stated  that  at  present  most  of  the 
hosp'tal's  laundry  work  was  being  done  at  the  City 
Workhouse  and  City  Jail,  but  that,  naturally,  this 
service  was  not  as  it  should  be. 


There  are  approximately  thirty-flve  influenza  pa- 
tients at  the  hospital  for  negroes,  generally  known 
as  City  Hospital  No.  2,  according  to  Dr.  Shutt. 

The  municipal  nurses  yesterday  received  110  calls 
from  families  in  various  parts  of  the  city.  Ten 
night  calls  were  received  Wednesday. 

It  was  stated  at  the  nurses'  headquarters  that  sev- 
enty-five nurses  had  been  on  duty  during  the  day, 
and  that  volunteers  enlisted  by  the  Red  Cross  were 
continuing  to  repoit  for  duty. 

Nine  Red  Cross  automobiles  and  seven  city  ma- 
chines were  at  the  disposal  of  the  nurses. 

Dr.  M.  C.  Woodruff,  chief  diagnostician  of  the 
Health  Department  and  in  charge  of  the  municipal 
clinic  in  the  basement  of  the  Municipal  Courts  Build- 
ing, said  that  approximately  500  preventive  injections 
had  been  given  up  to  5  p.  m.  All  of  the  prophylactlo 
clinics  are  open  until  10  p.  m.  The  other  clinics  are 
at  the  Soulard  and  Dayton  Street  police  stations  and 
at  Page  and  Union  avenues. 

About  ICO  policemen,  or  more  than  10  per  cent 
of  the  entire  force,  were  off  duty  yesterday,  mostly 
due  to  influenza,  it  was  announced  at  Police  Head- 
quarters. 


IMORE  DISASTROUS  THAN  THE  WORLD 
WAR,  IX  WHICH  77,644  WERE  KILLED  OR 
DIED  FROM  WOUNDS  AND  DISEASE,  IS 
THE  INFLUENZA  EPIDEMIC  OF  1918-19 
AND  1920. 


ANCIENT  FLU    EPIDEMICS 


There  is  some  evidence  that  there  was  an  epidemic 
of  influenza  about  450  B.  C.  There  is  no  question 
as  to  the  epidemic  of  1173  A.  D.,  and  since  that  there 
have  been  at  least  twenty-five  clear-cut  pandemics  or 
world  epidemics. 

In  Hirsch's  'Historical  Pathology"  the  statement  is 
made  that  the  epidemic  of  1627  spread  to  America, 
bsing  especially  bad  in  Massachusetts  and  Connecti- 
cut. This  outbreak  was  the  first  appearance  of  the 
disease  in  the  new  world. 

Dr.  Guy  Hinsdale  abstracts  from  the  writings  of 
Hubbard,  Noah  Webster,  Benjamin  Rush  and  Daniel 
Drrke  accounts  of  the  epidemic  of  1LU7.  1789  and 
1S07. 

Hubbard  says  the  epidemics  of  1647  passed  through 
the  whole  country  of  New  England.  It  began  with  a 
cold  and  in  many  was  accompanied  with  a  slight 
fever.  It  was  at  its  worst  in  Barbados,  where  5000 
to  6000  died  of  it. 

Noah  Webster  wrote  dictionaries,  spelling  books 
and  also  a  treatise  on  pestilential  disease.  He  re- 
coided  forty-four  waves  of  influenza,  including  the 
1647  wave  in  the  British  colonies.  Noah's  chief  in- 
terest lay  in  proving  that  volcanic  outbursts,  earth- 
quakes and  violent  storms  resulted  in  influenza  ani 
other  pestilences.  He  is  not  in  accord  with  Hub- 
bard, who  attributes  the  disease  to  a  great  drought. 


THE     DEATHS     IX     UNITED     STATES,    545,000 


The  great  epidemic  of  1789  was  similar  to  the  re- 
cent epidemic.  Benjamin  Rush  was  a  great  states- 
man as  well  as  physician  in  revolutionary  times. 
Rush's  story  is  entitled,  "An  Account  of  the  Influ- 
enza as  It  Appeared  in  Philadelphia  in  the  Autumn 
of  17S9,  the  Spring  of  1790,  and  the  Winter  of  1791." 
He  says:  "It  was  remarkable  that  persons  who 
worked  in  the  open  air  had  it  much  worse  than  those 
who  worked  within  doors.  Even  the  vigor  of  consti- 
tution imparted  by  the  savage  life  did  not  mitigate 
its  violence.  It  proved  most  fatal  on  the  seashore  of 
the  United  States.  The  duration  of  this  epidemic  in 
our  city  was  about  six  weeks.  It  spread  from  New 
York  and  Philadelphia  in  all  directions,  and  in  the 
course  of  a  few  months  invaded  every  state  in  the 
Union.  In  the  last  week  of  April,  1790,  the  influenza 
made  its  appearance.  It  was  brought  to  the  city  from 
New  England  and  affected  in  its  course  all  the  in- 
tervening states.    It  reappeared  in  1791." 

In  his  summary  he  says:  "The  influenza  passes 
with  the  greatest  rapidity  throughout  a  country  and 
affects  the  greatest  number  of  people  in  a  given  time 
of  any  disease  in  the  world.  It  appears  from  the  his- 
tories of  it  which  are  upon  record  that  neither  cli- 
mate nor  the  different  states  of  society  have  pro- 
duced any  material  change  in  the  disease.  It  ap- 
pears that  even  time  itself  has  not  materiar.y 
changed    its    type." 

Daniel  Drake  described  the  epidemic  which  ap- 
peared twenty-eight  years  later  in  1S07:  "In  the 
summer  or  early  autumn  the  newspapers  brought  the 
intelligence  of  its  prevalence  in  Europe,  and  after- 
wards that  it  had  reached  our  Eastern  cities.  It  was 
in  October  that  two  regiments  had  been  called  out 
to  repel  a  threatened  invasion  of  Indians.  These  men 
were  its  first  subjects,  the  people  of  the  town  being 
still  healthy.  In  a  few  days  it  reached  the  latter  and 
then  sought  out  the  scattered  inhabitants  of  the  coun- 
try (Southern  Ohio).  At  that  time  there  was  but  lit- 
tle communication  between  our  settlements,  yet  I  was 
able  to  ascertain  that  it  spread  far  and  wide  among 
them." 

The  disease  in  these  earlier  epidemics  had  the  same 
symptoms  as  were  present  in  191S-19  and  1920. 


1919— SOME   INFLUENZA   FACTS- 


While  we  are  in  the  very  midst  of  our  second  an- 
nual influenza  epidemic,  the  statistics  of  the  first  one 
have  just  been  given  out  by  the  Bureau  of  Vital 
Statistics  of  the  Department  of  Commerce.  They 
show  some  remarkable  and  unexpected  peculiarities 
which  serve  to  make  difficult  any  generalization  what- 
ever. So  far  as  the  statistics  point  out  there  is  no 
conclusion  to  be  drawn  which  will  lead  directly  to  a 
system  of  combating  the  disease  or  creating  prevent- 
ive conditions.  Two  things  especially  are  noticea- 
ble. One  of  these  is  the  very  uneven  intensity  of  the 
disease  in  different  localities  without  any  visible  rea- 
son for  it.  Two  communities  close  to  each  other, 
and,  so  far  as  superficially  known,  having  like  con- 
ditions, show  markedly  different  results  with  regara 
to  the  intensity  of  the  disease.  The  average  death 
rate  from  influenza  in  the  United  States  was  4.2  per 
1000  of  the  population,  with  a  total  of  .54.5,000  fatali- 
ties. The  highest  rate  was  S.O  in  Pittsburgh  and 
the  lowest  1.5  in  Grand  Rapids.  In  St.  Louis  it  was 
3.0,  only  seven  other  cities  being  as  low.     Why  St. 


I.o'.'is  should  have  but  3.0  and  Kansas  City  7.1  and 
Omaha  6.3,  and  Toledo  2.1,  are  questions  that  are  as 
vet  rnanswered,  though  we  are  inclined  to  give  our 
Health  Department  credit  for  some  of  the  difference. 
Such  a  wide  variance  seems  unnecessary  in  a  coun- 
try where  general  conditions  are  so  uniform  as  here. 
It  will  take  a  close  study  of  all  the  local  conditions, 
of  the  ages  and  home  lives  of  the  victims  themselves, 
data  for  which  is  Incomplete,  to  arrive  at  any  con- 
clusion, and  this  may  require  a  number  of  more 
years,  assuming  that  we  shall  have  an  annual  recur- 
rence of  the  disease. 

The  other  peculiarity,  one  that  is  anomalous  in  the 
extreme,  is  that  with  the  sole  exception  of  infants 
under  1  year  of  age,  the  highest  death  rate  was  among 
people  in  the  age  of  the  greatest  physical  vigor.  There 
were  more  deaths  of  persons  between  the  ages  of  2-5 
and  34  years  than  any  other  age,  and  the  next  highest 
was  from  35  to  40  years.  After  that  it  dropped  sharply 
to  an  approximation  of  the  average.  The  age  nearest 
Immune  was  from  10  to  14  years.  This  fact,  so  con- 
t.ary  to  what  would  be  the  natural  expectation  if  we 
were  to  be  governed  by  the  expectation  of  lite  tables 
of  the  insurance  companies,  gives  wide  latitude  for 
theorizing.  It  has  been  suggested  that  from  25  to  40 
are  the  years  when  men  do  their  most  exhausting 
work,  are  the  most  careless  of  the  laws  of  health, 
mingle  the  most  in  crowds  in  going  to  and  from  work 
and  while  doing  the  work  itself,  and  under  the  com- 
pulsion of  labor  neglect  disease  symptoms  until  actu- 
ally compelled  to  cease  work.  That  would  naturally 
lead  to  a  larger  proportion  of  fatalities.  This  theory 
gains  some  support  from  the  fact  that  the  deaths 
among  males  at  those  ages  were  much  greater  than 
among  females.  That,  however,  was  a  general  con- 
dition, though  much  more  marked  at  those  periods 
than  any  other.  If  this  is  at  all  a  correct  diagnosis 
it  points  to  the  fact  that  the  Board  of  Health  has  been 
giving  the  right  advice  when  it  urges  that  crowds 
be  avoided  and  that  the  earliest  symptoms  be  not 
neglected.  It  makes  the  fighting  of  the  disease  almost 
an  individual  matter,  those  suffering  the  most  who 
are  the  most  individually  careless  and  neglectful. 


FLU    STATISTICS 


Of  the  3600  conductors  and  motormen  employed  by 
the  United  Railways,  476,  or  13  per  cent,  are  off  duty, 
mostly  from  the  flu.  The  police  force  is  incapaci- 
tated to  the  extent  of  10  per  cent  and  the  Bell  Tele- 
phone 15  per  cent.  How  other  industries  have  been 
affected  is  not  knovifn,  but  statistics  would  possibly 
show  that  the  street  railway  company  has  not  suf- 
fered especially  severely. 

But  it  is  not  to  be  concluded  from  such  assumed 
data  that  street  car  traffic  is  not  dangerous.  The 
conditions  of  a  crowded  street  car  manifestly  are  con- 
ducive to  the  spread  of  any  contagious  disease.  If 
conductors  and  motormen  escape  it  in  such  propor- 
tion as  seemingly  to  flout  that  theory,  their  im- 
munity must  otherwise  be  accounted  for.  It  seems 
reasonable  to  believe  that  the  character  of  their  work, 
with  its  constant  exposure,  gives  them  a  resisting 
power  which  persons  in  confined  employment  do  not 
have.  Physicians  say  that  pure  air  is  one  of  the  best 
flu  preventives  and  they  recormend  walking  as  an 
excellent  method  of  avoiding  the  disease. 

In  any  event,  the  necessity  for  ventilating  the  cars 
as   thoroughly   as   is   practicable   is   urgent.      If    the 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


matter  ot  the  cleanliness  of  cars  received  more  at- 
tention just  now  it  would  be  helpful  to  conductors, 
inotormen  and  passengers. 


The  total  number  of  cases  reported  in  St.  Louis 
since  January  19.  when  the  disease  became  preva- 
lent, now  is  4505.  The  deaths  reported  up  to  last 
night  were  162  from  influenza  and  317  from  pneu- 
monia, a  total  of  479. — Wednesday,  Feb.  4,  1920. 


BIG    DROP    IN    DEATHS    OF 

FLU    AND    PNEUMONIA 


Only  Seventeen  Fatalities  Reported  in  City  fro 
IVI.   Wednesday  and   New  Cases  Also 
Largely  Decrease. 


(Globc-ncir.ocrat,  Friday  Morning,  February  13,  1920) 

Only  seventeen  deaths  from  influenza  and  pneu- 
monia were  reported  to  the  Health  Department  tor 
the  period  from  4  p.  m.  Wednesday  to  noon  yesterday. 
This  is  the  most  favorable  report  received  by  the 
department  since  January  19  when  the  epidemic  first 
presented  itself  in  St.  Louis. 

The  new  cases  also  showed  a  decided  decline  yes- 
terday, only  seventy-seven  having  been  reported  for 
the  twenty-four-hour  period  ending  at  9  a.  m.  yes- 
t^'rday. 

Following  a  conference  with  Health  Commissioner 
Starkloff  it  was  deflnitely  announced  by  Assistant 
Health  Commissioner  Jordan  yesterday  that  all  pub- 
lic, private  and  parochial  schools  in  the  city  would 
be  permitted  to  reopen  next  Monday.  Notice  ot  this 
was  sent  to  Dr.  John  J.  Withers,  Superintendent  of 
Instruction,  last  night.  The  schools  have  been  closed 
for  two  weeks  as  a  precaution  against  the  spread  of 
Influenza. 

The  total  number  of  influenza  cases  reported  to 
the  Health  Department  since  January  19  now  is  7495 
and  the  total  of  deaths  is  934,  including  3G4  from 
influenza  and  570  from  pneumonia. 

At  the  City  Hospital  fourteen  new  influenza 
patients  were  received  during  the  twenty-four-hour 
period  ending  at  S  a.  m.  yesterday.  There  were  five 
deaths  from  influenza  and  pneumonia  at  the  insti- 
tution during  the  same  period  of  time. 

It  w-as  stated  at  the  office  of  the  Health  Commis- 
sioner yesterday  that  all  restrictions  on  business  and 
amusement  undertakings,  which  were  imposed  by 
Dr.  Starkloff  several  weeks  ago,  would  be  lifteii 
within  a  short  time  and  probably  Monday.  No  orders 
have  been  revoked  so  far,  however. 


East    St.    Louis    Flu    Deaths 


Influenza  decreased  yesterday  in  East  St.  Louis,  the 
number  of  new  cases  numbering  only  ten.  There 
were  no  deaths.  Since  the  epidemic  began  there 
.have  been  1023  cases. 


TELEPHONE  STATISTICS 

April,  1921. 

When  forty  odd  years  ago  the  telephone  was 
introduced  to  the  American  public,  some  con- 
sidered it  an  interesting  cnriosity,  but  the 
founders  of  the  Bell  System,  with  wonderful 
vision,  planned  a  natioii-widr  utility.  The  re- 
sult of  their  foresight  is  shown  hv  the  follow- 
ing facts: 

1876 — First  telephone  conversation. 

Today- 
Average  daily  telephone  connections. o:|,.jOO,000 
Telephones  connected  to  Bell  System.  12.700,000 

Miles  of  wire 25,700,000 

Investment  in  physical  property. $1,-150,000,000 
Number  of  American  Telephone  and 

Telegraph  Company  stockholders.  .  145,000 
Nninber  of  Bell   System  employees..       2.35,000 

The  Bell  Sy.stem,  that  is,  the  American  Tele- 
phone and  Telegraph  Company  and  its  associ- 
ated comiinnies,  is  owned  almost  entirely  by  its 
sul)sciili<Ts  ;inil  its  employees.  Every  sub- 
scribci'  should  lie  interested  in  its  development. 


illSSISSIFBI   RIVKIJ   TRAFFIC 

1852   kI\"ER  F.\CILITIES   DLTLICATEn 

If  more  than  3000  calls  a  year  wer(>  made  at 
this  i)ort  liy  the  old-style  vlvrv  stcamei-s  and  the 
Levee  had  the  animated  apiiearaiice  which  the 
coming  and  going  of  .sixty  craft  a  week,  on  an 
average,  would  cause  it  to  pi-esent,  even  the  St. 
Louis  old  inhabitant  most  inveterate  in  the 
practice  of  glorifying  the  days  of  former  river 
supremacy  would  be  compelled  to  concede  that 
the  -Mississippi's  restoration  had  at  length  been 
accomplished.  But  the  river  carriers  of  1921 
will  have  a  capacity  for  considerably  more  than 
the  equivalent  of  the  cargoes  of  3000  old-style 
.steamers.  Secretary  Smith  of  the  Merchants' 
Exchange  has  established  a  basis  for  a  most 
interesting  comparison.  He  found  from  old 
records  that  in  1852,  when  river  traffic  was  at 
its  heiglit,  the  total  river  tonnage  at  this  port 
Avas  844,951   tons  and  that  3149   craft  called 


ST.  LOUIS    RIVER    TRAFFIC 


liore  during  its  transportation.  With  its  new 
equipment,  the  barge  line  will  have  a  capacity 
for  11,250  tons  on  each  trip.  A  schedule  of 
twice-a-week  sailings  is  being  arranged  and  in 
seventy-five  trips  it  could  carry  833,751  tons, 
or  only  1200  less  than  the  3149  steamers  car- 
ried in  a  year.  The  schedule  would  call  for 
102  sailing  in  an  entire  year  and  with  offering? 
of  freight  to  capacity,  the  barge  line  ootdd 
carry  a  possible  maxinunn  of  1,147.500  tons  of 
freight,  or  302,549  more  tt)ns  than  made  up  tlic 
total  traffic  of  the  river  in  1S52. 

The  freight  handled  by  the  Ijai-i'  line  was 
235,468  in  1919  and  344,0(35  tons  in  1!I2().  This 
rate  of  inei'ease  may  alford  no  ground  for  sup- 
posing that  the  1852  figures  will  be  approxi- 
mated in  1921,  but  what  the  barge  line  has  done 
in  the  past  with  improvised  craft  is  no  index 
of  what  it  can  do.  ought  to  do  and   doubtless 


will  do  in  the  future,  with  a  splendid  nuxlern 
fleet.  The  twice-a-week  sailings,  increasing 
importantly  the  expedition  and  convenience  of 
the  service,  are  evidence  of  what  those  most 
closely  in  touch  with  I'iver  traffic  conditions 
think  of  the  possibilities.  If  growth  in  busi- 
ness is  not  greatly  accelerated,  it  will  mean  that 
much  of  the  barge-line  facilities  will  remain  un- 
utilized. 

All  things  considered,  barge-line  growtli  to 
Ihis  time  has  been  most  illuminating.  The  in- 
crease in  tonnage  last  year  over  the  prior  year 
was  108,596  tons,  or  more  than  46  per  cent.  It 
is  filling  an  undoubted  need. — Globe-Democrat, 
April  4.  1921. 


END    OF   PART   VII. 


THE  WILLIAMS  HISTORY 


PART  EIGHT 


■Beloved  of  men. — in  Life's  ;,l;ul  rnoe. 
They  strove  with  us  for  Honor's  place: 

Beloved  of  Heaven— to  fairer  skies 

First  suintuoncd,  they  have  won  the  prize. 

(Mrs.  Frances  L.  i\[ace.) 


OBITUARIES 

W'hx-h.   iik, 


MARK   ANTttXVS   EULOOY    OF  JULIUS 
CAESAK 

(Hy   Shakesp.-arci 

0  mighty  ('aesarl  dost  thou  lie  so  low.' 

Are  all  thy  coniiuests,  glciie.s,  triumphs,  ;pjil.i. 
Shrunk  tn  this  little  measure?     Fare  thee  well. 

I  kiu)W  not,  gentlemen,  what  you  intend. 
Who  else  must  be  let  blood,  who  else  is  rank: 

If  I  myself,  there  is  no  hour  st)  Mt 
As  Caesar's  death  hcur.   not   no   instrniiient, 
Oi  half   that    worth    as   those   your    swoi-ds. 
made  rich 
With  the  most  noble  blood  of  all  this  world. 

I  do  beseech  ye,  if  you  bear  nu'  hard. 
Now,   whilst  your  purpletl  han^ls  do  vvk  and 
snu.ikc. 
Fulfil  your  pleasure.    Live  a  thousand  year.i. 

1  shall  not  find  myself  so  apt  to  die : 

No  place  will  please  me  so,  no  mean  vi'  ihath. 
As  here  by  Caesar,  and  by  you  cut  olf, 

The  choice  ami  mastrr  spirits  (d'  this  age. 


O,  pai'don  me,  thou  blerding-  i)ieee  of  earth. 

That  I  am  meek  and  gentle  with  these  l)Utc 
ersi 
Thou  art  the  ruins  of  the  noble.it  man 

That  ever  lived  in  the  tide  of  times. 
Woe  to  the  hand  that  shed  this  costly  blood 

Over  thy  wounds,  now  do   I  prophes.v, — 


nu>uths,  do  ope  their  ruby 
d    utterance    of     my 


To    beg-    the    voice 
tongue — 
A  curse  shall  light  upon  the  limbs  of  men; 

Domestic  fury  and  fierce  civil  strife 
Sluill  cumbei-  all  the  parts  of  Italy: 

Blood  and  destruction  sliall  be  so  in  u.se 
And   dreadful   objects   so   familial- 

Tlmt    mothei's    shall     but    sndle     when    they 
behold 
Their  infants  .(uai'ter',!  with  the  hands  of  war; 

All   pity  choked   with  custom  of  fell  deeds: 
And   ('a(s;ir's  spii-it.   i-auging  for   rex'enge. 

With  Hate  ly  his  side  come  hot  from  hell. 
Shall  in  these  confine.;  with  a  monarch's  voice 

Cry  "Havoc!''  and  let  slip  the  dcgs  of  war; 
That  th^s  foul  deed  shall  smell  above  the  earth 


tls,    R, 


nd 


him. 


I  come  to  lini'y  ( 'aesar,  not   to 

The  evil  that  men  do  lives  after  them: 
The  uo,.d  is  oft  interred  with  their  bones; 

So  let  it  be  with  Caesar.     The  noble  Brutus 
Hath  told  you  Caesar  was  andutious; 

If  it  were  so.  it  A\a-;  a  grievous  fault, 
Aim!    ir;ievonsly   Ii:i11i   Cae.-^-iai'  answered   it. 

Heir,   nil. lei' have  (  f   l!rutus  and  the  rest— 
I'or   I'.rntns  is  an   lioiionral)le  man.— 

S,,  are  they  all.  all  honourable  men- 
Come    I   to  spi-ak  ill   Caesar's  funeral. 

He  was  my  friend,  faithful  and  just  to  me: 
But   I'rutus  say.-;  he  was  ambitious; 

And  Brutus  is  an  honourable  man. 
He  hath  brought  many  captives  home  to  Rome, 

Whose  ransoms  did  the  general  coffers  fill: 
Did  this  in  Caesar  seem  ambitious? 


THE     WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


When  that  the  poor  liavc  cried.  Caesar  hath 
Avept : 
Ambition  should  be  made  of  sterner  stiiff: 

Yet  Brutus  says  he  was  ambitious; 
And  Brutus  is  an  honoural)le  man. 

You  all  did  see  that  on  the  Lupereal 
I  thrice  presented  him  a  kingly  crown, 

Which  he  did  thrice  refuse;  was  this  ambi- 
tion ? 
Yet  Brutus  says  lie  was  ambitious ; 

And  sure,  he  is  an  honourable  man. 
I  speak  not  to  disprove  Vv'hat  Brutus  spoke, 

But  here  I  am  to  speak  what  I  do  know. 
You  all  did  love  him  once,  not  without  cause: 

What   cause   withholds   you   then,   to   mourn 
for  him  ? 
0  judgment,  thou  art  fled  to  brutish  beasts. 

And  men  have  lost  their  reason.     Beai'  with 
me : 
My  heart  is  in  the  coffin  there  with  C'aesai', 

And  I  must  pause  till  it  come  back  to  me. 

But  yesterday  the  word  of  Oaesai'  might 

Have  stood  against  the  world;  now   li(>s  he 
there. 
And  none  so  poor  to  do  him  reverence. 

0  masters,  if  I  Mere  disposed  to  stir 
Your  hearts  and  minds  to  mutiny  and  rage, 

1  should  do  Brutus  wrong,  and  ( "assius  wrong. 
Who,  you  all  know,  are  honourable  men. 

I  will  not  do  them  wrong ;  I  rather  choose 
To  wrong  the  dead,  to  wrong  myself  and  you. 

Than  I  will  wrong  such  honourable  men. 
But  here's  a  parchment  with  the  seal  of  Ca(^sar; 

I  found  it  in  his  closet ;   'tis  his  will : 
Let  but  the  commons  hear  this  testament — 

Which,  pardon  me,  I  do  not  mean  to  read — 
And  they   would   go    and  kiss   dead    Caesar's 
wounds 

And  dip  their  napkins  in  his  sacred  blood. 
Yea,  beg  a  hair  of  him  for  memoiy. 

And,  dying,  mention  it  within  their  wills. 
Bequeathing  it  as  a  rich  legacy 

Unto  their  issue. 


THE  GETTYSBURG  ADDRESS 

OF   ABRAHAM   LINX'OLN 


AT   THE    DEDICATION    OF   THE    NATIONAL   CEM- 
ETERY AT  GETTYSBURG,  NOV.  19,  1863 

Fourscore  and  seven  years  ago  .our  fathers 
lirought  forth  upon  this  continent  a  new  na- 
tion, conceived  in  liberty,  and  dedicated  to  the 
pi'opositioii  that  all  men  are  created  ecpial. 

Now  we  are  engaged  in  a  great  civil  war, 
testing  A\-hether  that  nation,  or  any  nation  so 
conceived  and  so  dedicated,  can  long  endure. 
AVe  are  met  on  a  great  battlefield  of  that  war. 
We  have  come  to  dedicate  a  portion  of  that 
field  as  a  final  resting  place  for  those  who  here 
gave  their  lives  that  that  nation  might  live. 
It  is  altogether  fitting  and  proper  that  we 
should  tlo  tills. 

But  in  a  laigi'r  sense  we  can  not  dedicate, 
we  can  not  consecrate,  we  can  not  hallow  this 
ground.  The  brave  men,  living  and  dead,  Avho 
struggled  here,  have  consecrated  it  far  above 
our  power  to  add  or  detract.  The  world  will 
little  note  nor  long  remembei-  what  we  say  here, 
but  it  can  never  forget  what  they  did  here.  It 
is  for  us,  the  living,  rather  to  be  dedicated  here 
to  the  unfinished  Avork  which  they  who  fought 
hei'e  have  thus  far  so  nobly  advanced.  It  is 
rather  for  us  to  l)e  here  dedicated  to  the  great 
task  remaining  before  us :  that  from  these  hon- 
oi'cd  dead  we  take  increased  devotion  to  that 
cause  for  which  they  gave  the  last  full  measure 
of  devotion;  that  we  here  highly  resolve  that 
these  dead  shall  not  have  died  in  vain;  that 
this  nation,  under  God.  shall  have  a  new  birth 
of  freedom,  and  that  a  government  of  the  peo- 
ple, by  the  people,  and  for  the  people,  shall  not 
perish  from  the  earth. 


A  TRIBUTE  TO  THE  DOG 

(By  GEORGE  GRAH.\M   VEST) 

MAN'S     MOST    UNSELFISH     AND    GREATEST 
FRIEND 

"Gentlemen  of  the  Jury:  The  best  friend  a 
man  has  in  this  worM  may  turn  against  him 
and  become  his  enemy.     His  son  and  daughter 


HOYT   H.  GREEN 


that  lie  has  reared  \vith  loving  care  may  be- 
come ungrateful.  Those  who  are  nearest  and 
dearest  to  us,  those  whom  we  trust  with  our 
happiness  and  our  good  name, — may  become 
traitors  to  their  faith.  The  money  that  a  man 
has  he  may  lose, — it  tlies  away  from  him  when 
he  may  need  it  most.  Man's  reputation  may 
be  sacrificed  in  a  moment  of  ill-considered 
action.  The  people  who  are  prone  to  fall  on 
theii-  knees  and  do  us  honor  when  success  is 
with  us  may  be  the  first  to  thi-ow  the  stone  of 
malice  when  failure  settles  its  cloud  upon  our 
heads. 

"The  one  absolutely  unselHsh  fi'iend  a  nuiu 
may  have  in  this  selfish  world,  the  one  that 
never  deserts  him,  the  one  that  never  proves 
ungrateful  or  ti'eacherous, — is  tlie  dog. 

"A  man's  dog  stands  by  him  in  prosperity 
and  ni  poverty,  ni  Health  and  in  sickness.  He 
will  sleep  on  the  cold  ground,  when  the  wintry 
winds  blow  and  the  snow  drives  fiercely,  if 
only  he  may  lie  near  his  master's  side.  lie  will 
kiss  the  hand  that  has  no  food  to  offer,  lie  will 
lick  the  wounds  and  sores  that  come  in  en- 
counter with  the  I'oughiiess  of  the  world.  lie 
guai-ds  the  sleep  of  his  jiauper  master  as  if  he 
were  a  jiriiice. 

"Wlien  the  la.st  scene  of  all  comes  and  death 
take;  his  master  in  its  embrace  and  his  body  is 
laid  away  in  the  cold  gi'ound,  no  matter  if  all 
othci-  friends  pursue  their  way,  there  by  his 
grave  will  the  noble  dog  be  found,  his  head  l)e- 
tween  iiis  paws  and  his  eyes  sad,  but  ojien  in 
alert  watelifuliiess,  I'aitliful  and  true  evi'ii  to 
death.'' 


A    WELCOME    HOME 

'Tis  sweet  to  hear  the  wateh-do^'s  1 


i!a\ 


'Tis  sw, 
Our  CI 


lutliei 


nu:,:uu\  look  bri-hter  when  we  co: 
IJyroii,  Don  .liian,  Canto  i,  st.  12:J 


OUR   DUMB    COMPANIONS 

Yes.  well  your  story  pleads  the  cause 
Of  those  dumb  mouths  that  have  no  speech. 
Only  a  cry  from  each  to   each 

In  its  own  kind,  with  its  own  laws; 
Something  that  is  beyond  the  reach 
Of  human  power  to  learn  or  teach — 

An  inarticulate  moan  of  pain, 

Like  the  immeasurable  main 

Breaking  upon  an  unknown  beach. 

— Longfellow. 


FRIENDS 


Thank  God  for  Those 

Who  know  our  Virtues 

And  yet  bear  with  oui-  Faults 

To  encourage  Us 

In  the  Way  of  Holiness 

]>y  their  Confidence — 

Who  recognize  our  Weakness 

But  emphasize  our  Strength 

Until  we  Outgrow 

Our  lesser  Selves 

Not  so  much  thru  Condemnation 

As  liy  Inspiration,— 

Who  are  Patient 

When  we  lose  Perspective 

Witli  abundant  Courtesy 

To  give  us  Pause. 


Cut  No.  288  is  a  poi'trait  of  Hoyt  H.  Green, 
the  warmest  and  best  friend  M.  F.  Williams 
ever  had.  IM.  F.  Williams  remarks  upon  some 
of  the  transactions  of  Hoyt  H.  Green.  The 
eulogy  sjieaks  for  itself  and  explains  itself. 


MORTUARY    STATEMENT 

Iloyt  H.  Green,  born  September  15,  1836, 
in  Colerain,  Mass.  He  became  an  apprentice  in 
the  ii'on  foundry  of  Geo.  W.  Sizer  in  Cleveland, 
Ohio.     Later   on   he   went    to   the   Mowry    Car 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Cut   No.    288— Hoyt   H.   Gr 


MY   BEST   FRIEND 


*    EULOGY  UPON  HOYT  H.  GREEN    * 

^-     M.     F.     H/LLIAMS    BEST    FRIEND    ~h 

ST.  LOUIS.  MO..  DECEMBER  H.  I9H. 

^^           7          Hoyt  H.Green  was  knoivnsviih  honor  and  ir,  his  owr,  house     -Allhoufihilis  frequent-         2^^ 
I           r           "  ,>  said  that  a  man  s  firealncss  and  good  qualities  are  seldom  known  until  alter  his  bones  are        J           [ 

3          This  portrait  represents  Hoyi  H  Green,  who  was  an  old  and  respected  c.tizen  ol  the 
Cil,  of  St,  Louis,  and  at  his  death  at  the  a(!c  of  77  years  and  3  months,  he  left  many  friends 

Green  on  the  sidewal 


I  2705  N  Broadway. 


I  lOU  LOOKING  FOR  A  PARTNER.  OR  DO  VOU 
i\  11  SO.  HOW  MUCH  AND  HOW  SOON?  I  replied:  Mr. 
..v..:Kiii  ol  the  Crusher  a  good  one.  but  not  until  I  have  spent  my  own 
niin^  »ill  I  ask  any  one  to  assist  me.  and  when  that  time  arrives,  the 
.  will  be  Hoyt  H  Green 
leen  olTered  by  one  person  SSO.fXM.OO  cash,  by  another  SI3.000,f)0  cash. 


oyalty  basis,  during  which  time  the  deal  was 
.■  the  State  Esamincr.        On  Saturday  ol  ih. 


h!!'Z',\ 

matter  how  small.  1  had  been  called  out  ID  the  western  part  of  the  City  on  busin^-ss. 
urnin.  1  sloppe-d  at  the  Bank  to  turn  in  some  checks  and  Set  the  payroll,  hut  lo  my 
nd  surprise.  1  found  a  playcard  on  the  door  reading  .-.  follows. 

•THIS  BA 

MK  CLOSED  BY  THE  STATE  EXAMINER." 

^al,  It'l'd" 

andmg  Ihere  in  a 

J  to  the  car.  came  up  to  Broadway  and  Montgomery,  and  when  1 
le  comer  of  Broadway  and  Montgomery  St.  1  found  Mr.  Hoyt  H. 

::,"„  a":ag"  monl^.^  "'dedtTme  with^hc'followlng  remarks: 

10 ^;_ 

:'':-^!, '!!'!!! 

':n:':a:!!iM:!''ih::'':n..„  •!!,:!;::::':  i!':i,^':^t^ka 

e  checks. 

llp.n,!, 

11  WIS    A    1  U 

epied  Ihe 

Mill  prolusc  ;l.,ink 

,  »  ilh  K:,r~  in  mint  eves,  as  the  oeeurtence  was  so  unu 

ual. 

12  „^J2 

Jj>   1.1 

S 

|.|Kd  nn  mvmnr,  which  occurre-d  some  15  or  18  year,  a 
;,een,  «  hicl.  was  hut  a  lew  da>,.  he  said.  -Williams. 
1  inir.xliKe  v.iu  to  one  which  doe.  business  on  business 

.i  III II  .Kcu.lomcd  to  doing.-         And  ti,x.n  the 

■Ml,             ihe  Continental  National  Bank  which  la 
;..ily  was  taken  overly  the  Bank  of  0 
M      Baker  the   Pr«idenl         Mr    Grec-n 

o.      The 
following 

u.mn.inn      \l 

er  merged 

slalcJ. 

mm::: 

motleslly 

;.;,:„.:. 

1,          1             .1         ,.,„•    moncj.   ou,  uequenily  lliey  would  telephone 
II         \     1      H  'HI-  CASTINGS.  11    SO.  LET  US  KNOW 

14 ";;,;;_ 

,        :,      .  II.  iiihe  $60,000,00  account  was  Hquidaled.  simply 

15  ^^^J'J^^J^ 

»  ni,inv  men  are  standing  on  Che  corner  with  a  bag  ol  money  lo  help  out 
e  ,m  iMual  in  the  City  ol  St,  Louis,  or  in  Ihe  Stale  of  Missouri. 

16  .^..l^'Ztl'i.. 

H-'aee le  ashes  of  Hoyt  H.  Green,  the  bcsl  and  truest  Iriend   thai  M.  F 

Milton    F.    Williams. 

^ 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTOEY 


Wheel  Company  in  Cincinnati.  He  came  to 
St.  Louis  in  1856,  and,  with  his  brother,  D.  P. 
Green,  started  in  the  iron  foundry  business, 
under  the  name  of  D.  P.  Green  &  Company, 
which  was  superseded  by  the  Green's  Car 
Wheel  Mfg-.  Co.  Shortly  after  he  came  to  St. 
Louis  he  was  married  to  Miss  Julia  Moore. 
He  was  a  Mason,  and  a  member  of  the  Mer- 
cantile  and   Recreation   Clubs. 

Died  in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  December  17,  1913. 
Buried  in  Bellefontaine  Cemetery,  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  December  19,  1913. 


RUGGLES-COLES    ENGINEERING    CO.,    50 
CHI'RCH    STREET,    NEW   YORK 

I  did  not  k)iow  their  president,  neither  any 
of  their  lieutenants. 

St.  Louis,  February  2,  1916. 

Ruggles-Coles  Engineering  Co., 

50  Church  St.,  New  York  City. 

Gentlemen — We  are  grieved  to  learn  of  the 
demise  of  your  worthy  president.  No  doubt 
his  loss  will  be  mourned  by  all  who  knew  him 
and  by  many  A\ho  did  not  know  him  person- 
ally. 

His  -worth  to  the  community  in  which  he 
dwelt  and  served  faithfully  and  to  the  remain- 
ing members  of  his  corporation  will  be  long 
felt. 

Not  knowing  the  gentleman  personally,  only 
bj'  name  and  the  great  work  in  which  he  Avas 
.  engaged,  it  is  my  judgment  that  his  position 
will  be  one  hard  to  fill. 

All  firms  and  corporations,  whether  they  be 
manufacturing,  engineering  or  otherwise  use- 
ful, have  to  have  a  president. 

AU  presidents  do  not  earn  their  name  and 
IDOsitions  in  a  like  manner.  Some  acquire  presi- 
dency by  the  mere  fact  of  possessing  dollars. 
These  dollars  may  not  have  come  into  the  pos- 
session of  said  president  from  his  own  energy; 
but  a  president  who  grows  up  practically  from 
the  gutter  or  from  obscurity    into    usefulness 


before  the  world  is  a  president  worth  having, 
and  I  presume  your  president  to  be  one  of  that 
character. 

May  he  so  have  conducted  liis  life  that  he  has 
set  a  mark  and  goal  for  younger  men  to  reach. 
The  young  man  in  the  ■\^■orld  and  in  a  business 
without  a  certain  aim  in  life  and  ambition  to 
fulfill,  never  gets  to  be  a  Captain  of  Industry. 
Captains  of  Industry  we  admire ;  they  keep  the 
wheels    of   progress    turning. 

All  of  us  cannot  be  Captains,  some  of  us 
must  be  Lieutenants ;  and  Avithout  our  Lieu- 
tenants there  could  not  be  Captains  and  Presi- 
dents. Therefore  those  of  us  who  are  worth 
knowing  and  who  are  Avorth  recognizing,  Avhile 
we  are  missed  when  Ave  are  gone,  the  Avorld 
could  not  progress  Avithout  us. 

Some  of  our' Lieutenants  are  capable  of  be- 
ing Pi'esidents  and  yet  they  do  not  know  it. 
Abraham  Lincoln  A^'as  a  man  of  the  hour ;  from 
obscurity  he  came ;  his  name  today  is  rcA^ered 
be.vond  that  of  Washington.  While  Washing- 
ton saved  the  day  in  our  forefathers'  time, 
Abraham  Lincoln  saved  the  day  in  our  time, 
and  althoug'h  he  Avas  not  supported  financially 
nor  otherAvise  as  he  should  have  been,  Abra- 
ham Lincoln  from  his  meek  and  IoavIj^  cabin, 
first  in  Kentucky,  second  in  Illinois,  was  tlie 
Greatest  American  Hero. 

I  once  Avas  sitting  under  the  droppings  of  the 
sanctuary.  I  heard  a  minister  relate  this  trib- 
ute to  the  greatness  of  Abraham  Lincoln.  He 
stated  that  he  Avas  in  the  fastness  and  the  Avil- 
derness  of.  the  mountains  of  SAvitzerland,  and 
in  his  travels  he  met  a  ruler  Avho  Avas  rusti- 
cating in  his  summer  chalet.  In  conversation 
Avith  him  the  ruler  remarked:  "Oh,  you  are 
from  America?"  "Yes,"  responded  t-he  min- 
ister. The  ruler  repeated:  "America,  that  great 
country  Avhere  you  have  that  most  noble  char- 
acter— I  cannot  now  recall  his  name."  The  min- 
ister retorted:  "Was  it  Lincoln?"  "Oh,  yes," 
quoth  he,  "Abraham  Lincoln,  the  great  Amer- 
ican citizen." 

We  have  hanging  in  the  corridor  of  our  of- 
fice some  of  the  great  men  in  America — that  is, 
the  porti'aits  of  some  of  the  great  men  of 
America,     We  have  Washington,  Lincoln  and 


SAMUEL  GRIGG— PORTER  PLEASANT 


some   others,    and    no   less    a   character    than 
Booker  T.  Washington. 

While  I  did  not  start  to  preach  a  sermon  on 
the  demise  of  your  worthy  president,  the  least 
I  can  say  is :  Peace  to  his  ashes !  and  may  the 
younger  men  of  his  firm  strive  to  follow  in  his 
footsteps. 

Most  respectfully  submitted, 

MILTON  F.   WILLIAMS. 

Note. — This  tribute  was  suitably  acknowl- 
edged and  highly  appreciated  by  the  Ruggles- 
Coles  Eng.'  Co. 


EULOGY    UPON    THE    LIFE    AND    DEATH 
OF  SAMUEL  GRIGG. 

(I  knew  Samuel  Grigg  personall.x'.  for  many 
yeai's,  when  he  \vas  a  miller  .for  tli<'  (ieo.  P. 
Plant  Milling  Co.,  St.  Louis,  :\I().  I 


St.  Louis,  Octobc,'  11 

To  the  Sons  III'  Samuel  <irigg,  the  Ol, 
Miller,  Whom  I  Have  Known  U>v  \<\ 
Yeai'S: 


Vetei-an 
■tv-three 


I  have  three  sons  who  are  all  interested  in 
the  business  and  each  performs  his  part,  one  in 
Chicago,  one  in  San  Francisco,  and  one  in  St. 
Louis. 

Tomorrow,  Friday,  evening  I  will  celebfate 
my  70th  birthday.  The  festal  boar.l  will  be 
surrounded  with  the  three  .sons,  f(.ur  gi-aud- 
childrcu  and  ray  better  half. 

The  few  brief  monients  of  our  existence 
here  ui:)on  earth  we  should  all  sti'i\-e  to  make 
them  useful  to  oar  fellovv-num  and  liM\-e  behind 
us  a  heritage  -which  will  nud<e  men  better 
i-ather  than  woi'se. 

I  am  sure  your  father  Avas  a  living  image 
of  a  jnst-n.ian  made  perfect,  or  as  near  so  as  it 
is  possible  for  hnnuui  to  live. 

While  T  ha\-e  not  always  lived  an  exemplary 
life  1  have  lived,  or  at  least  tried  to,  a  useful 
life,  a  jiatron  to  mankind,  bnt  1  have  never 
made  any  great  pretentions. 

SamiK'l  (ii'igg  was  an  example  for  those  who 
knew  lum,  and  tlu'  mothi'rs  of  yoiniger  and  of 
the  rising  generation  may  jxiint  to  him  witli 
])ride  as  an  example  of  maidxind. 


Gentlemen — I  am  grieved  to  learn  of  the 
death  of  your  vei'y  wise  father.  Samnel  Gi'igg 
I  always  considered  an  exceptional  man.  He 
Wiis  a  nuin  amongst  men. 

I  have  always  cherished  a  war'm  -  |iol  in  my 
heart  for  Samuel  Grigg.  Of  all  the  millers 
whom  I  knew  in  the  past  4'!  years  none  <li(l  I 
esteem  highei'  than  your  father. 

You  will  miss  him  e\'ery  d-.iy.  ^'i.n  will  miss 
him  every  hour.  WIumi  he  almost  lost  his  hear- 
ing I  was  vei-y  mueh  grieved. 

He  has  filled  a  nsefnl  life,  he  has  filled  a  busy 
life,  and  many  there  ai'e  who  will  moui-ii  his 
loss.  While  I  have  not  seen  him  for  thi'ee  oi' 
foni'  years  he  was  in  the  habit  of  calling  upon 
me  when  he  came  to  the  city. 

As  the  years  are  tieeting  swiftly  by,  the  time 
will  coiiu^  when  I  will  pass  to  the  beyond,  fi'om 
whence  no  ti-aveler  i-eturns. 


Ther.'fore,  peaee  to 
wafte<l  on  to  the  gid 
hope  and  believe  is  th 
haiuls. 

With    condolence   fi 


anil  may  he  be 
-dom  whei'c  we 
1   not  made  with 


luamtance. 


-MILTON   F.   WILLIAMS,   President. 


A  SHORT  EULOGY  UPON  THE  DEATH  OF 
ONE  PORTER  PLEASANT 

1  Tn  eai'ly  life — about  the  tiuu^  that  I  was 
nmrried — I  knew  and  worked  on  a  nundier  of 
mill  and  other  jobs  with  Poi-ter  Pleasant.  I 
always  found  him  to  be  upright,  and  a  just 
man,  a  fit  companion  for  anyone  who  wished  to 
live  a  moderatel.y  moral  life.  I  classed  him  as 
one  of  my  warnaest  fi-iends.) 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


St.  Louis,  October  20,  1916. 

Mr.  J.  W.  Farrell,  Birmingham,  Iowa : 

Dear  Sir — Answering  yours  of  October  19th, 
I  am  grieved  to  learn  of  the  sudden  departure 
from  this  life  of  oui'  mutual  fi-ieud  and  fellow- 
traveler,  one  Porter  Pleasant — pleasant  by 
name,  pleasant  by  nature.  When  the  Grim 
Reaper  comes,  it  is  inevitable  that  we  must  bow 
our  heads  in  submission. 

It  behooves  us  as  men,  as  fellow  citizens,  as 
American  citizens,  men  who  can  be  pointed  to 
with  pride  by  the  mothers  of  the  rising  genera- 
tion, saying.  "'Son,  there  goes  a  man  who  is  a 
pattern  for  you  to  live  up  to  and  look  forward 
to." — "'A  man  amongst  men," — "A  man  wor- 
thy of  filling  any  walk  of  life  that  his  com- 
munity calls  u[)on  him  to  do.'" 

Porter  Pleasant,  while  oiily  a  meclianic  in 
his  earlier  daj's.  was  an  exemplary  man.  I  al- 
ways considered  him  an  exception. 

There  seemed  to  be  a  sympathetic  chord  ex- 
isti]ig  between  us — one  of  friendship  and  one 
in  common. 

There  was  a  time  when  I  solicited  him  to  be- 
come my  partner,  and  he  has  said  to  me  upon 
more  than  one  occasion  that  he  had  often  re- 
gretted it. 

In  his  walks  of  life  he  was  upright.  In  the 
community  in  which  he  dwelt,  he  will  be 
missed.  He  was  very  much  like  the  writer: 
Neither  an  orator  nor  a  statesman,  but  a  man 
of  biisiness.  a  man  of  honesty,  a  man  of  integ- 
rity, a  man  in  the  common  walks  of  life.  If  he 
had  become  mj^  partner,  I  would  have  led  him 
on  to  greater  fields  of  usefulness,  and  as  it  was 
said  by  Frederick  the  Great.  "Oh,  for  other 
A\-orlds  to  conquer!"  Such  has  been  my  ambi- 
tion. On  the  13th  of  this  month,  October.  I 
passed  my  70th  birthday,  surroimded  by  my 
children  and  grandchildren.  On  the  13th  of 
the  month,  with  13  at  the  table,  father  cut  the 
cake  having  13  candles. 

As  my  old  friends  pass  away,  one  by  one 
answering  tlie  call  of  the  Father  above,  noth- 
ing surer  than  this  comes  to  us  all ;  and  as  we 
meet  and  pass  to  that  country  beyond,  from 
which  no  traveler  has  returned,  and  as  we  pass 


each  succeeding  mile-post,  we  are  reminded 
that  we  should  "let  our  lights  so  shine"  that 
they  may  lighten  the  weary  travelers  coming 
the  same  way. 

I  have  wired  a  message  of  condolence  to  the 
widow  and  will  wiite  her  a  nice  letter. 

While  I  am  sorry  to  receive  the  sad  news  I 
am  glad  to  be  notified,  and  thank  you  for  so 
doing,  and  Avith  most  kind  regards,  I  remain, 

Yours  very  respectfully, 

M.  F.  WILLIAMS. 

P.  S. — Therefore,  let  our  watchwords  be 
henceforth,  "That  it  is  not  all  of  life  to  live 
nor  all  of  death  to  die." 

"Woi'k  as  though  you'd  live  alway, 

Hut  live  as  though  you'd  die  today." 


St.  Loins,  October  20,  1916. 

Mrs.  Porter  Pleasant, 
Birmingham.  Iowa  : 

My  Dear  Mrs.  Porter  Pleasant — The  very  sad 
news  of  the  death  of  your  husband,  which  has 
been  announced  in  a  letter  from  Mr.  J.  W. 
Farrell,  that  this  day  his  remains  are  being 
planted  under  the  sod,  for  those  who  are  left 
to  keep  his  grave  green  and  adorned  with  flow- 
ers and  other  kind  remembrances, — which  is 
the  Avay  of  all  life. 

I  often  think  and  wonder  M'hat  we  are  placed 
here  upon  this  earth  for,  but  in  reality  we  all 
know  it  is  the  purpose  and  the  duty  to  perform 
the  task  laid  down  by  the  Master. 

Thei'e  is  a  passage  of  Scripture  which  states 
as  follows:  "That  he  who  knoweth  his  Mas- 
ter's will  and  doeth  it  not,  shall  be  beaten  with 
manj'  stripes." 

Taking  this  Scriptural  phrase  in  its  true 
meaning,  I  interpret  that  we  are  to  do  the  best 
we  know  how  and  trust  the  conse(iueuces  to 
God. 

Porter  Pleasant  was  an  exceptional  man  in 
many  respects.    He  was  a  decent  man  amongst 


THOMAS   H.  HOWARD 


men,  a  decent  man  amongst  his  fellow -work- 
men. A  man  of  broad-gauged  ideas,  and  not 
possessing  a  warped  mind.  He  was  willing  to 
live  and  let  live.  He  was  a  good  citizen  aiul  a 
usefnl  man  in  his  community. 

Those  who  knew  him  best  will  mourn  his  loss 

the  longest. 

I  extend  to  you  my  warmest  synipatliy,  and 
Avith  peace  to  his  ashes  and  a  kind  wdvd  to  his 
relatives,  I  subscribe  myself, 


Most 


ncerely,  a  fi'iend. 
MILTOX  V.  WILLIAM? 


ET'LOGY  UPON  THE  LIFE  AND  DEATH  OF 

THOilAS  H.   IKnVARI),   AS    EXl'KRI- 

EXCEI)    i'.Y    THE    WRITFI! 


St.  Louis.  Jaiui;: 


V.)\i 


'•If  with  pleasure  yon  arc  viewing  any  w.n-k  a 
man  is  doing. 
If  you  like  him  ov  y.ui  love  liim.  tell  liiiii  now. 
Don't  withhold  your  aiiiu-obaticm  till   I  he   par- 
son makes   (iratiun 
As  he  lies  with  snowy  lilies  o"ei'  his  hi-ow. 

For,    no   matter   how    you   shout    it,   he     woirt 

really  care  alxmt  it- 
He  won't  know  how  many  teardrops  yon  have 

shed. 
If  you  think  some  praise  is  due  him,  miw's  tlie 

time  to  hand  it  to  him — 
For  he  cannot  read  his  tombstone  when  he's 

dead. 

]\Iore  than  fame  and  more  than  money   is  the 
comment  kind  and  sunny. 
And  the  hearty,  warm  approval  of  a  friend. 
For  it  gives  to  life  a  savor,  and  it    makes  you 
stronger,  braver. 
And  it  gives  you  heai-t  and  spirit  In  the  end. 

If  he  earns  your  pi-aise,  bestow  it.     If  yon  like 
him,  let  him  know^  it, 
Let  the  words  of  true  encouragement  Ix^  said. 
Do  not  wait  till  life  is  over  and  he's   hiid  be- 
neath the  clover, — 
For  he  cannot  read  his  tombstone  when  he's 


A  tribute  of  respect  to  a  man  who  v/as  a 
friend  in  my  younger  days,  and  companion, 
both  in  work  and  in  association. 

My  iii'st  aequaintanee  with  Thos.  II.  Howard 
wa3  in  187-t.  He  then  came  along  with  an 
Englishman,  by  the  name  of  Booker,  to  the  shop 
whei'e  I  «as  working,  at  1417  North  Second 
.street,  in  tlie  city  of  St.  Louis.  Previous  to  that 
tinu^  he  had  wtu'ked  as  a  carpenter,  and  one 
of  the  bosses  with  whom  he  worked  was  one 
Robert  Charles,  a  builder,  who  had  his  shop 
and  office  east  of  ^vhat  is  now  the  Pierce  build- 
ing. As  1  can  recall.  Robert  Charles'  shop 
wa.;  where  the  ilerehants'  Exchange  stood. 
The  ilereiiants'  Exchange  was  then  down  upon 
:\Iain   street. 

AVlien  Thomas  II.  Howard  came  to  work  with 
Foreman  i^  Sehanafelt  as  a  carpenter,  and 
started  to  leai-ii  the  millwright  trade,  he  knew 
hut  little  about  it,  pi-aetieally  iu)thing:  l)nt  he 
applied  himself  stmliously.  as  he  was  a  sober, 
industrious  man.  a  man  who  had  been  well 
raised; — a  man  of  good  character,  and  of  pure 
motives,  far  dilferent  fi'om  his  friend  I'.ook'T. 
I  believe  Lookei-  has  passed  to  the  l)eyon(i,  and 
peaee  to  his  ashes.  Ilowai'd  and  myself  became 
frien.ls.  We  boarded  at  the  same  boarding 
house,  that  of  the  old  Garland  house,  at  Sixth 
and  ^Market  streets,  northwest  corner.  Ijy  the 
way,  I  am  having  the  (Jai'land  House  repro- 
duced from  my  memoi-y,  and  it  Avill  be  one  of 
the  pictui'es  shown  in  my  autobiography,  on 
which  I  have  been  engaged  at  spai-e  times  for 
the  past  s(>ven  years;  and  this  old  lumse  in 
my  antobiogi-aphy  will  be  one  of  the  land- 
marks. 

Thomas  H.  Ilowar.l  and  mys.'lf  worked  for 
iiuite  a  length  of  time  for  Foi-enu;n  and  Shana- 
felt  upon  different  .jobs  in  the  shop  and  upon 
out.side  jobs,  and  I  took  great  pleasure  in  show- 
ing him  what   T  knew  about  millwright  work. 

As  the  years  passed  on,  and  he  heeann'  more 
familiar  with  the  work,  and  accompanied  the 
writei-  into  the  country  to  work  in  country 
mills,  this  association  continued  up  to  Febru- 
arj'  in  1875 ;  and  on  or  about  that  time  I  mar- 
ried a  girl  in  Gillespie,  Ills.  Thomas  H.  How- 
ard accompanied  me  from  St.  Louis  to  that 
town,  and  stood  up  with  us  as  my  best  man, 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


and  while  going  out  to  Gillespie,  and  when  the 
locomotive  whistled  for  Gillespie,  upon  the  Big 
Four  i-oad,  Howard  remarked:  "Milt,  you  will 
soon  be  led  up  to  the  altar  to  be  slaughtered 
like  a  lamb," — and  unto  this  day  I  have  never 
forgotten  the  sentence. 

Shortly  after  my  wife  and  I  located  at  Ninth 
and  Brooklyn  streets,  and  went  to  housekeep- 
ing, Thomas  H.  Howard  boarded  with  lis  for 
quite  a  while.  At  that  time,  however,  the  part- 
nership of  the  millwrighting  firm  of  which  I 
mentioned  was  known  as  Foreman  &  Williams. 

For  many  years  he  continued  to  work  for 
our  firm — 1  should  say  foi-  five  years.  We  then 
dissolved  partnership,  and  we  both  met  the 
parting  of  the  Avays.  Aftei-  tliat  time  I  knew 
but  little  about  liim,  met  him  only  occasionally, 
but  I  knew  liiiii  to  be  a  sober,  industrious  man. 

During  the  five  years'  time  that  1  was  asso- 
ciated with  Will.  H.  Foreman,  we  took  a  con- 
tract to  remodel  the  mill  of  Woodward  & 
Dwight  at  Staunton,  Ills.  Howard  was  one  of 
the  millwrights  who  went  with  me  upon  that 
job,  and  upon  the  morning  of  our  going  on  the 
Wabash  train  to  Staunton,  I  said:  "Tom,  there 
is  a  nice  English  girl  in  Staunton.  I  intend  to 
introduce  you  to  her,  and  she  is  to  be  your 
future  wife."  Wliate\cr  Tom  leinarked,  I  can- 
not now  state,  but  history  and  tlie  facts  remain 
that  that  proved  true. 

In  after  years  Thos.  11.  Howard  seemed  to 
become  estranged  from  ]\I.  F.  WilliMins,  al- 
though I  have  always  treated  him  w  ith  cour- 
tesy, with  kindness,  having  the  most  kindly 
feelings  towards  him.  Upon  one  occasion,  when 
his  brother-in-law,  Geo.  F.  Townsend,  was  ly- 
ing at  the  point  of  death  in  the  Mullanphy  Hos- 
pital, and  but  foui'  doors  from  where  we  lived 
that  time,  and  did  live  for  §8  years,  four 
months  and  three  days — my  wife  informed  me 
that  George  Townsend  was  over  in  the  hospi- 
tal very  sick.  I  went  over  to  say  the  last  fare- 
Avell  to  George,  and  who  should  meet  me  at  the 
door  of  the  sick  room  but  Thos.  H.  Howard. 
I  Avill  never  forget  the  look  upon  his  face  when 
he  saw  who  was  coming — he  wheeled,  and  went 
from  me,  as  though  he  had  been  disappointed, 
and  faced  iiie  with  disgust. 


During  all  the  years  that  I  knew  him,  I 
never  made  iiuiuiry  as  to  why  his  feelings  were 
hurt,  as  I  had  nothing  against  him,  as  I  was 
broader  than  to  hold  any  antipathy  against 
one  whom  I  Avould  have  been  considered  a 
friend  to  in  the  days  when  he  was  learning  to 
be  a  millwright. 

Upon  another  occasion  I  met  hiin  at  Plant's 
mill,  upon  Main  and  Chouteau  avenue,  and  he 
was  very  friendly.  Upon  other  occasions  I  had 
met  him  and  he  was  equally  friendly. 

In  1900,  in  July,  I  went  to  Europe  on  busi- 
ness. I  landed  at  Southampton,  from  the 
steamer  Ti-ouve,  and  from  there  Avent  to  Lon- 
don by  train.  After  sojourning  in  London  for 
perhaps  two  months,  my  mind  reverted  back  to 
Thos.  H.  Howard  for  the  reason  that  in  his 
younger  days  he  had  told  me  he  had  a  sister 
living  in  London.  Knowing  at  that  time  that 
Howard  A\as  down  at  Cole's  mill  in  Chester, 
Ills.,  I  wrote  him  for  the  address  of  his  sister. 
He  replied  and  gave  it  to  me.  I  wrote  to  her 
family,  called  upon  her,  and  took  dinner  with 
the  family.  Was  invited  to  call  again,  but 
from  there  I  went  to  France  and  other  coun- 
tries, and  did  not  meet  them  again. 

The  last  time  I  met  Thos.  II.  Howard  was  one 
morning  in  August,  11)17.  I  was  driving  out 
Florissant  avenue,  with  my  little  grandson,  and 
getting  out  upon  the  avenue  to  where  the  track 
had  been  torn  up,  and  to  where  passengers  had 
to  walk  to  cover  the  gap,  until  the  next  car  west 
would  take  them  farther,  glancing  down  from 
the  auto,  who  should  I  see  trudging  along  but 
Howard.  I  jumped  out  of  the  machine.  I  con- 
fronted him.  I  said,  "Hello,  Tom,  get  in  the 
machine."  He  hesitated,  but  I  would  not  take 
"No"  for  answei-.  He  got  in  the  machine,  we 
went  westward  for  a  few  blocks,  then  came 
back  eastward.  I  brought  him  down  on  Yernon 
avenue,  to  our  home  a  few  minutes,  then  down 
to  the  facforj'^,  to  show  the  improvements  which 
we  had  made,  and  he  became  very  uneasy  want- 
ing to  get  back  home,  as  he  stated  his  good 
wife  did  not  know  where  he  had  gone.  This 
was  the  last  that  I  saw  Tom  Howard  alive. 

Last  night  while  at  the  undertaker's  on 
Grand  avenue,  viewing  his  remains,  T  thought 
of  the  many  jokes  which   had  passed  lietween 


THOMAS    RICHARDS 


us  in  oiu'  younger  days.  Of  the  mill  jobs  -which 
■we  had  worked  on,  and  our  earlier  associa- 
tions, and  when  the  minister  began  to  deliver 
the  oration,  and  stated  that  the  deceased  was 
a  stranger  to  him,  I  could  not  help  but  feel 
sorrow  towards  the  occasion,  that  I  was  not 
permitted  to  tell  of  what  I  knew  of  Thos.  H. 
Howard — an  honest  man,  a  sober  man.  a  man 
worth  knowing. 

In  our  earlier  associations,  Tom  would  often 
say,  "Milt,  I  wish  I  could  change  my  A'oeation 
and  get  a  position  of  trust,  as  I  know  I  am  hon- 
est and  trustworthy."  Five  or  six  years  ago 
he  called  upon  me  and  I  said:  "Tom,  would 
you  like  a  position?"  He  wanted  to  know  what 
kind.  I  said:  "We  have  an  (i])ening  in  our 
testing  plant."  He  replied,  "ililt,  will  it  he 
steady?"  I  said,  "Tom,  evei-y  day  of  the  week, 
and  every  day  of  the  year."  He  replied  that 
(lis  health  was  such  that  he  Mould  nit  he  able 
to  hold  till'  [losition. 

If  Thos.  11.  Howard  ha<l  ,-iuglit  agiiinst  .Mil- 
ton V.  \Villi;'nis,  1  was  a  iiiaii  to  I'oiiiive  him, 
as  I  always  es;eem('d  liim  most  h'i;hly  as  a 
man. 

As  I  iiay  tliis  little  triln 
his  burial  this  day  at  Staini 
day  of  January,  IDl.s,  I  i 
sad,  knowing  that  we  had 
a  mill  in  the  same  town, 
with  an  accident  in  that  mill,  knowing  that 
Tom  Howard's  life  was  in  jcopanly  at  the  time 
of  the  accident,  and  knowing  also  that  one 
Tucker  Iloxie,  who  aftei-waids  became  his 
brother-in-law,  was  also  in  danger  of  almost 
being  killed  by  the  accident  which  caused  me 
to  lose  the  first  joint  of  my  i-ight  thumb.  If 
these  few  lines  may  be  called  a  tribute  to  the 
memory  of  a  friend,  such  that  I  always  felt 
kindly  toward,  and  now  that  he  has  departed, 
the  worst  that  I  have  to  say  regarding  Thos. 
H.  Howard  is  "Peace  to  his  ashes." 

MILTOX  F.  WILLIAMS. 


his  death  and 
Is.,  on  the  18th 
hell-  but  feel 
(1  toiicther  in 
iig  that    1  met 


AN  EULOGY  UPON  THE  PASSING  AWAY 
OF  THOMAS  RICHARDS 

St.  Louis.  Mo.,  Aug.  28,  1918. 

"This  day  shall  I  meet  thee  in  Paradise," 
is  a  (piotation  from  the  Good  Book,  which  will 
probably  not  be  meted  out  to  all  human  be- 
ings. 

This  day,  the  2Sth  day  of  August,  1918,  the 
remains  of  Thomas  Richards  are  to  be  buried 
alongside  of  his  good  wife,  at  Centralia,  111. 
Thomas  Richards  was  a  good  man.  He  was  a 
Christian  man,  1  believe.  He  was  an  honor- 
able man,  but  he  was  not  a  grasping  man.  He 
was  not  one  possessed  of  the  faculty  of  col- 
lecting money ;  his  energy  was  not  that  of  the 
greatest  of  men;  he  was  satisfied  with  less  of 
the  world's  goods  than  many  men  are;  he  was 
more  of  a  man  to  seek  a  living  for  his  family 
than  to  seek  a  heritage  to  leave  behind  for  his 
followers.  He  filled  a  gap  in  the  universe 
which  I  belie\e  the  Loi'd  intended — as  we  are 
told  that  "thei-e  are  hewers  of  wood  and  draw- 
ers of  water."  Let  us  considei'  that  a  master 
mind  might  lie  termed  a  hewer  of  wood  and  as 
a  leadei-,  but  let  us  class  Thomas  Richards  as 
a  folUnver.  and  not  a  leader  of  men. 

If  Thomas  Richards  was  not  intended  by 
the  Creater  for  a  Cai)tain  of  Industry,  it  is 
not  his  fault,  and.  as  to  whose  fault  it  may  be, 
we  will  leave  that  to  the  great  Judge,  for  we 
are  also  tauglit,  "Judge  not,  lest  ye  be 
judged."  In  his  younger  days,  I  knew  him 
not.  ^ly  first  meeting  with  him  was  in  Staun- 
ton, III.,  in  the  year  of  1873  or  1874.  He  was 
engaged  at  that  time  in  traveling  through  tne 
country  selling  organs.  I  made  his  acquaint- 
ance, as  I  now  recall,  at  Woodward  &  Dwight's 
mill,  Staunton.  111.  I  was  then  a  young  man 
and  had  just  about  commenced  the  courtship 
of  my  wife,  who  aftei'wards  proved  to  be  his 
sister-in-law,  as  I  married  his  wife's  sister.  He 
was  a  very  pleasant  man  to  converse  with,  took 
life  easily,  and  I  judge  his  greatest  misfor- 
tune was  in  not  understanding  the  business 
world  properly. 

A  man,  being  placed  upon  this  hemisphere, 
upon  his  own  resources,  without  the  inherit- 
ance of  money  oi'  the  equivalent,  a  man  wh  i 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


must  eke  out  his  own  existence  as  best  he  can, 
requires  determination.  Some  have  greater  de- 
termination than  others.  Some  being  possessed 
with  strong  will  power  to  go  over  the  top  and 
meet  the  enemy  in  "No  Man's  Land,"  Avhile 
others  of  a  lesser  brave  character  stay  behind 
in  the  trenches  and  fight  out  their  life  in  that 
manner.  To  be  a  Captain  of  Industry  one  must 
have  faith  in  his  own  integrity,  his  own  aliility 
find  his  own  manhood. 

Thomas  Rieliards  was  not  l)oi-n  to  be  a  lead- 
er, but  Thomas  Richai-ds  tilled  a  place  in  the 
world  as  filled  by  thousands,  if  not  millions. 
He  was  one  of  the  human  family  which  forms 
the  chain  of  society,  and  when  his  body  re- 
verted back  to  Mother  Earth  fi-oiu  Avhence  it 
came,  will  he  not  liave  counted  as  one  of  the 
links  in  the  chain  of  circumstances — being  one 
of  the  weaker,  may  he  not  have  counted  as 
much  in  the  eyrs  of  his  ;Mal<rr  as  the  stronger 
link  ill  said  chain.'  If  tluit  he  true,  then  what 
is  the  reward  for  becoming  a  Captain  of  In- 
dustry? The  greatest  reward,  in  my  estima- 
tion, is  to  furnish  emi)liiyiiieiit  for  fellow-men, 
and,  if  tliat  is  the  line  mapi)ed  out  l)y  the  Cre- 
ator, tlieii  tlie  Captain  of  Industry's  reward  is 
no  greater  in  the  eyes  of  the  Creator  than  the 
weakest  link  in  the  chain  of  circumstances. 
The  conununity  is  composed  of  all  kinds  of 
people — each  to  meet  their  due  reward  when 
the  Master  calleth.  and  each  one  of  us  Iteing 
of  different  lieliefs.  We  are  also  told  l,y  the 
philosophers  of  old  that  Rome  sat  upon  her 
seven  hills,  bright  shining-  in  the  sun,  denying 
the  rest  of  the  world.  We  are  also  informed 
that  all  roads  lead  to  Rome.  Let  us  hope  and 
believe  that  all  roads  which  are  kept  in  repair 
will  lead  to  the  Celestial  City, — where  located 
no  one  knoweth.  From  the  demise  of  each  de- 
parted friend  and  acquaintance,  let  it  be  a  les- 
son to  those  who  follow  and  will  eventually 
meet  the  same  re^vard. 

As  time  passed  on,  and  my  wife  and  I  began 
to  raise  a  family,  upon  several  occasions  we 
visited  the  home  of  Thomas  Richards,  and 
never  did  we  make  such  visits  but  what  we 
always  formd  he  and  his  family  would  meet  us 
with  open  arms.  Thomas  Richards  was  too 
good  to  his  friends  and  not  good  enough  to 
liimself  and  family,  in  a  sense.     I  do  not  mean 


by  this  remai-k  that  he  was  arrogant,  that  he 
was  cross,  that  he  was  repulsive,  that  he  was 
embittered  towards  anyone, — but  upon  the  con- 
trary, just  the  reverse.  If  it  were  right  and 
had  I  the  right  to  criticise  his  shortcomings, 
it  would  be  that  his  failing  was  in  not  pushing 
forward, — and  in  this  e;ense  I  haven't  the  right. 

Thei'c  is  another  saying  that  Life  taken  at 
its  ebb  fldws  on  to  Eternity,  and  that  the  short 
])lirase  sd  often  ni)i)lies:  '"The  devil  take  the 
hindmdst."  lint  in  this  ser.sie  is  not  meant  any 
sarcasm,  any  sacrilege.  But  it  i;  meant  to 
state  the  fact  that  the  man  who  is  the  most  en- 
ergelie  in  the  A\-erld.  coiipled  with  the  best 
of  management,  gets  the  furthest  ahead  in  dol- 
lars and  cents  and  this  world's  goods.  How- 
ever, the  old  moss-covered  book  again  places 
before  us  a  precept  about  as  follows:  "What 
availeth  a  man  if  he  gaineth  the  whole  world 
and  h.seth  his  ewn  smuI:'"  What  kind  of  a 
\\()rl(l  would  we  ha\'e  if  we  were  all  satisfied 
with  a  (ruiub  from  the  :\Ia.ster's  ta))le'?  The 
dissemination  of  dift'ei-ent  nations  was  the  in- 
tention, ami  comes  back  to  the  passage  that 
"there  shall  be  hewers  of  wood  and  drawers 
of   water." 

We  are  also  told  that  there  was  more  rejoic- 
ing over  the  one  tlmt  entereil  at  the  eleventh 
honi-  than  for  the  ninet.y  and  nine  which  came 
before.  So  viewing  from  everj'  standpoint  and 
every  angle  the  conundrum  of  human  life  and 
man's  existence  upon  earth,  and  from  the  con- 
glomei-ated  mass  of  humanity — will  it  not 
e(|uali7-e  all   things  in   the  outcome? 

Therefore  ■'sufficient  for  the  day  is  the  evil 
thereof" — which  is  the  most  placid  way  to  look 
upon  life.  I  could  go  on  and  on  and  on  Avith 
this  discourse,  but  my  greatest  regret  is  that  a 
man  who  Avas  Methodist  bred  and  Methodist 
born  should  have  been  necessitated  to  have  en- 
tered and  died  in  a  Catholic  institution.  Brit 
poor  Thomas,  he  knew  not  where  he  was  when 
the  last  winding  up  came  and  the  shuffling  off 
of  his  mortal  coil — it  was  all  one  to  him.  While 
I  did  not  see  him  after  he  Avas  placed  in  the 
institution,  I  started  yesterday  morning  to  go 
and  say  a  last  farcAvell.  Just  as  I  Avas  enter- 
ing, or  about  to  enter,  the  gate  of  the  Little 
Sistei's  of  the  Poor,  his  son  Leslie  and  daughter- 


MRS.  A.  G.  OLDS 


in-law  emerged  from  the  gate  to  the  sidewalk 
and  told  me  his  remains  had  been  taken  to  the 
undertaker's.  I  fully  intended  to  have  onr 
chauffeur  take  me  to  view  the  body,  but  Inisi- 
uess  matters  came  up  and  frustrated  this  in- 
tention, and  I  did  not  get  to  view  his  remains 
in  death  before  it  left  the  city.  I  have  another 
regret  which  is  uot  only  a  regret  but  which  is 
a  shame.  Being  engrossed  with  business  mat- 
ters yesterday  to  such  an  extent,  1  failed  to 
telephone  to  some  florist  to  send  flowers,  ily 
wife  being  in  Chicago  at  this  time,  and  will  be 
absent  from  the  city  this  and  next  week,  also 
answers  for  this  oversight.  Had  she  lieen  at 
home  it  avouUI  have  been  different.  While  the 
flowers  would  only  adorn  the  last  resting  place, 
they  would  have  shown  a  token  of  respect.  T 
intended  last  evening  to  have  my  son  Arthur 
drive  me  to  the  undertaker's,  as  he  stated  he 
knew  where  it  was,  but  he  had  a  customer  from 
Alabama,  whom  he  had  to  take  to  the  train  in 
the  evening,  consequently  I  went  home  in  the 
street  car  and  forgot  all  aliout  it;  and,  after  I 
arrived  home,  to  be  tinithful,  the  incident 
passed  from  my  mind. 


Therefore  this  eulogy,  and  pea 
of  one  departed  to  the  bourtu'  fi 
traveler  has   returned. 


the  ashes 


Most   respectfully   sul)mitted, 

MILTON  F.  WILLIAMS. 


St.  Loins.  December  3,  1!)18. 

Mr.   A.  G.  Olds. 

First  National  Hank  lUdg., 
Denvei',  Colo. : 

Dear  Sir:  My  Dear  JIi-.  Olds— It  is  with 
deep  regret  from  the  bottom  of  my  heart  that 
I  have  just  learned  of  the  death  of  your  life 
companion.  I  remember  Mrs.  Olds  veiy  well. 
I  have  met  her  but  once,  and  that  was  in  Wich- 
ita. You  remember  the  time,  when  you  lived 
in  Wichita.  You  are  now.  Olds,  passing  through 
the  same  ordeal  that  eveiy  man  and  wife  must 
meet  at  some  period  on  this  earth.  We  cometh 
from  whence  no  one  knoweth.  It  is  safe  to 
state  that  we  come  from  nature,  nature's  way. 


which  is  hard  to  explain.  The  works  of  nature 
are  more  difficult  to  understand  than  the  works 
of  man,  as  mankind  is  the  work  of  nature ;  but 
man  in  his  being  and  in  his  growing  up  from 
babyhood  to  manhood  (and  manhood  also  com- 
prises womanhood).  I  believe  that  we  are  the 
creatures  of  circumstances,  subject  to  the  Great 
Creator. 

We  are  placed  here  for  a  good  purpose, — 
each  of  us  is  placed  here  for  an  example  for 
those  who  follow.  If  our  actions  are  a  model 
to  the  ri.sing  generation,  then  we  have  fulfilled 
that  intention  of  the  first  great  cause.  If  we 
have  not,  then  we  have  not  fulfilled  the  works 
of  God,  and  we  are  not  an  example  for  man- 
kind who  follow  us  to  live  by.  To  be  born  is 
human,  to  die  is  also  human,  or  the  result  of  all 
that  is  human,  and  it  was  the  intention  of  the 
Creator.  It  lias  been  proclaimed  by  some  of 
the  ol<l  bards:  -'I  would  to  God  that  I  could 
live  al\\ays."  But  in  the  natui-e  of  things, 
aftei-  a  iH'i-tain  number  of  .\-ears  have  been  spent 
in  the  Lord's  vincyai'd  we  lose  our  faculties, 
aiul  Avlien  they  are  goiu'  we  become  a  burden, 
both  to  ourselves  and  those  Avho  surround  us, 
our  dearest  friends. 

God  intended  all  this,  whether  the  Creator 
be  God  in  the  image  of  man,  or  whether  it  be 
not ;  it  mattei'S  not  to  us,  as  the  effect  is  just 
the    same — thei'cfoi'e    this    precept    should    al- 


"Work  as  though  ,\ou'd  live  alwa.y. 
Live  as  though  you'd  die  today. 

1  know  of  no  bettei'  way  and  no  better  ad- 
vice to  give  one.  It  will  be  a  very  sad  reunion 
just  before  Christmas  for  your  sons  to  see  their 
inother  laid  awa.y  in  the  cold,  cold  ground,  gone 
to  that  bourne  from  whence  no  traveler  returns, 
but  the  only  consolation  one  has  is  in  the  fact 
that  it  is  the  way  of  all  flesh.  I  trust  your  sons 
as  well  as  yourself  have  so  lived  as  to  remem- 
ber, not  with  remorse,  but  with  regret  and 
with  love,  the  mother  who  bore  them;  and  may 
the.v  as  well  as  yourself  have  the  satisfaction 
of  knowing  that  you  did  everything  which 
could  be  done  to  bring  their  mother  and  your 
wife  back  to  health, — but  the  inevitable  called 
and  she  has   gone  to   nu't  her  God   as  He  ii> 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


tended ;  and  when  we  mourn  the  loss  of  a  dead 
relative  or  a  dead  friend,  we  all  have  the  con- 
solation of  believing  and  knowing  that  we  had 
fulfilled  the  Master's  call,  although  it  may  not 
necessarily  be  in  attending  church  or  praying 
to  the  Almighty  or  praying  to  the  unknown,  a 
man  or  woman  after  they  have  arrived  at  the 
age  of  discretion  can  praise  and  worship  their 
Maker  just  as  well  in  a  cornfield  as  they  can  in 
a  House  of  Worship. 

Although  I  believe  in  Houses  of  Worship  for 
this  reason  only:  that  people  are  more  apt  to 
go  to  worship  in  the  house  of  the  Lord  called 
a  place  of  devotion. — yet  all  houses  belong  to 
the  Lord.  And  in  onr  daily  walks  of  life  let 
■us  always  remember  and  be  reminded  that  to- 
wards our  follow-men  let  us  always  prefer  to 
do  him  or  them  a  kindness  and  nothing  for  re- 
venge, as  revenge  has  no  reward,  while  a  kind- 
ness has  every  reward. 

In  my  older  days,  I  am  given  somewhat  to 
history  at  leisure  times.  I  hope  to  complete  this 
winter  my  autobiography  and  the  genealogy  of 
the  Williams  family,  which  will  be  quite  a  book 
to  hand  doAvn  to  the  rising  generations.  In 
that  book  I  have  tried  to  portray  my  own 
character  and  my  reason  for  being  upon  this 
earth,  and  in  this  short  epistle  to  you  in  your 
bereavement  and  your  sons  and  their  bereave- 
ment, any  and  all  near  and  dear  friends,  if  in 
said  bereavements  I  have  suggested  a  spark  of 
consolation,  it  will  be  only  that  I  have  given 
my  best  efforts  upon  the  eulogy  of  the  one 
who  will  be  missed  in  your  household  more  than 
any  other. 

Therefore  let  us  hope  and  pray  that  her 
soul  has  been  wafted  to  the  angels  above,  and 
peace  to  her  ashes.  I  most  humbly  subscribe 
myself, 

]Most  respectfully,  your  friend, 

M.  F.  WILLIAMS. 


St.  Louis,  December  11.  1918. 

Mr.  William  F.  Fahey, 

1411  Third  National  Bank  Bldg.,  City: 

Dear   Sir — In   reply   to   your  stereotype  let- 
ter of  no  date,  which  is  all  right  in  making  an 


appeal  to  the  public,  but  when  you  write  to  an 
Old  Mechanic,  just  a  common  Old  Millwright 
like  myself,  an  uneducated,  uncouth  individual 
who  "just  grew  up"  like  Topsy,  in  a  certain 
sense,  but  is  willing  to  place  his  career  in  busi- 
ness before  any  man  in  St.  Louis  who  started 
with  absolutely  no  capital  and  then  borrowed 
$1000.00  on  his  little  cottage  home,  and  that 
is  the  most  which  he  ever  borrowed. 

However,  to  get  down  to  sharp  brass  tacks, 
what  do  I  think  of  the  idea  of  building  a  new 
Court  House?  What  I  think  is  this,  America 
for  new  things,  Europe  for  old  things.  In  1910, 
when  I  was  in  London,  a  Yorkshire  man  point- 
ed out  a  dry  goods  store ;  I  think  he  said  it  was 
built  in  the  twelfth  century,  and  he  was  very 
proud  of  it,  though  portions  of  it  had  been 
renewed,  and  renewed  and  renewed  again. 

As  to  commemorating  tlie  lives  of  the  brave 
soldiers,  Avho  have  fallen  in  the  trenches  and 
the  most  of  them  in  No  Man's  Land,  they 
should  be  revered  for  all  time  to  come.  We 
should  commemorate  their  lives  in  a  manner 
more  befitting  than  the  monument  standing  to 
the  memory  of  Lord  Nelson  in  the  city  of  Lon- 
don. In  the  city  of  Paris  we  have  a  triumphal 
arch.  I  have  been  to  the  top  of  the  triumphal 
arch,  or,  the  French  way  of  saying,  it,  Arc 
de  Triomphe,  and  if  I  still  remember,  I  think 
that  250  steps  take  you  to  the  top,  where  seven 
streets  converge  in  commemoration  of  the  loss 
of  Alsace  Lorraine.  In  regard  to  building  a 
new  Court  House,  you  of  the  bright  element 
are  naturally  selfish  and  proud  to  remember 
Blackstone  and  Kent. 

In  Forest  Park  we  have  the  Art  building, 
which  is  a  lasting  tribute  to  the  city  of  St. 
Louis.  Also  in  Forest  Park  Ave  have  the  Jef- 
ferson Memorial,  a  lasting  remembrance  of  the 
greatest  World's  Fair  the  world  has  ever 
known,  and  of  the  World's  Fair  Fund  which 
the  citizens  subscribed.  I  understand  amounted 
to  a  surplus  of  .$300,000.00.  David  R.  Francis, 
the  able  World's  Fair  exponent,  I  think  it  was 
he  who  suggested  the  building  of  the  Jeiferson 
Memorial,  and  upon  this  subject  I  believe  that 
every  American  citizen  who  has  red  corpuscles 
coursing  through  his  veins,  would  vote  Yes  re- 
garding the  Jefferson  Memorial. 


A    SOLDIERS'  MEMORIAL    ARCH 


How  shall  we  coiuinemorate  the  St.  Louis 
and  Missouri  boys,  perhaps,  or  more  particu- 
larly, the  Missouri  boys?  You  ask  for  my  sug- 
gestions.    I  will  give  them  to  you. 

I  would  not  place  one  of  Cleopatra's  Needles 
in  Central  Park.  I  would  not  place  one  upon 
the  retaining  wall  of  the  River  Thames  in  the 
city  of  London.  I  would  not  place  another  in 
the  Garden  of  the  Louvre, — but  in  said  Garden 
a  lasting  tribute  to  the  school  children  ol 
America,  and  to  the  Father  of  our  presidential 
race  or  line,  George  Washington,  upon  a  white 
horse  upon  a  befitting  shaft  or  pedestal  in  the 
Louvre,  with  the  money  donated  by  the  school 
children  of  America  in  return  for  the  Goddess 
of  Liberty  in  New  York  Harbor,  sent  us  by  the 
French. 

I  would  not  suggest  any  of  these  commemo- 
rating remembrances,  but  I  would  suggest  an 
Arc  de  Triomphe  upon  the  hill  overlooking-  the 
lagoon  which  can  be  seen  for  miles,  and  under 
the  arch  I  would  have  the  name,  the  age,  and 
the  birthplace  of  each  brave  soldier  boy  who 
fell  in  defense  of  American  ideals  in  the  most 
bloodthirsty  war  that  the  world  has  known  and 
we  hope  ever  will  know — as  an  everlasting  mon- 
ument to  their  memory. 

I  would  have  their  names  inscribed  in  the 
dome  or  on  the  interior  of  the  arches  large 
enough  to  be  read  with  the  naked  eye  from  the 
floor  below.  I  would  also  have  the  interior 
finished  either  repi'esenting  Napoleon's  tomb  in 
Paris  or  that  of  the  Congressional  Library  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 


NEW  COURT  HOUSE 

Now,  why  build  a  new  Court  House?  The 
old  Court  House  has  sacred  remembrances  by 
some,  who  would  tremble  at  the  thought  of  de- 
molishing the  old  Court  House  and  erecting  in 
its  stead  a  new  Court  House.  While  this  would 
be  commensurate  with  good  judgment — forget- 
ting of  the  old  and  ringing  in  of  the  new, — let 
the  city  of  St.  Louis  or  the  State  of  Missouri, 
as  the  case  may  be,  buUd  the  new  Court  House. 


And  yet,  while  a  few  old  attorneys  are  left 
to  cherish  the  memory  of  the  old  Court  House 
of  Old  St.  Louis,  I  would  guarantee  that  Her- 
man Heisler  is  one  who  would  say :  Let  the 
Court  House  stand.  When  we  build  the  new 
Court  House,  what  will  be  left  to  commemorate 
the  old  slave  block,  and  the  old  times  when 
Missouri  was  a  slave  state?  Perhaps  nothing, 
and  no  one  could  say,  'How  dear  to  my  heart 
are  the  scenes  of  my  childhood.'  " 

I  have  been  engaged  for  several  years,  at 
leisure  times,  mostly  on  Sunday,  getting  up  a 
genealogy  of  our  race  of  people,  writing  my 
own  autobiography  and  that  of  some  of  the 
Williams  race  yet  left ;  finally  showing  the  old 
Court  House,  the  old  slave  block,  the  first 
steamboat  to  arrive  at  St.  Louis  (the  "W.  B. 
Pike"  by  name),  the  commemoration  of  the 
celebration  of  the  Eads  Bridge,  the  first  brick 
house  built  in  St.  Louis  (that  of  a  Baptist 
Church^,  the  population  at  different  periods, 
and  some  salient  points  worth  knowing — and 
in  my  history  book  I  will  have  at  least  150 
illustrations.  I  will  have  three  pictures  repre- 
senting the  epizootic  in  1872  and  1873.  I  will 
have  several  interesting  features  displayed  in 
the  book  tliat  a  man  of  letters  like  yourself 
would  scarcely  expect  from  an  Old  Artisan 
now  in  his  78rd  year. 

However,  notwithstanding,  I  consider  myself 
in  the  prime  of  life  in  mind,  and  in  intellect 
what  little  I  have  absorbed  from  others.  I 
have  side-stepped  from  the  subject, — a  new 
Court  House  to  commemorate  the  fallen  brave 
of  St.  Louis.  I  say  no.  Build  your  Arc  de 
Triomphe  upon  Art  Hill,  and  have  the  automo- 
bile driveway  underneath  it  so  that  sight-seers 
will  stop  and  read  the  names.  Engraved  there 
they  would  not  be  forgotten,  covered  up  and 
hidden  from  view,  and  they  would  be  in  a  Court 
House. 

If  my  suggestions  are  worth  anything,  let 
the  citizens  of  St.  Louis  build  the  Arch  de 
Triumph  and  place  upon  the  top  a  steel  flag- 
staff which  will  withstand  a  hurricane  of  a 
hundred  miles  an  hour  force,  and  upon  the  top 
of  the  flagstaff  float  the  flag  every  day  in  the 
year ;  so  that  every  mother,  every  father,  every 
sister,  every  brother,  every  relative  of  the  dead 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


can  be  remembered  by  the  Betsy  Ross  Stars  and 
Stripes,  as  they  wave  g'racefvdly  in  the  gentle 
zephyrs  from  the  West. 

Most  respectfully, 

IMILTON  F.  WILLIAMS,  President. 


CHARLES  G.  HENNING'S  EULOGY 

(I  first  knew  Charles  G.  Heiiniiig  iii  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.  That's  where  I  first  made  his  ae(iuaiut- 
ance.) 

St.  Louis,  October  28,  1919. 

Gustavus   Charles   Henniug.    What   M.   P. 
Williams  knew  about  G.  C.  Henning. 

I  have  received  a  newspaper  clipping  with- 
out comment,  notice  of  his  death  dated  New 
York  Citj',  December  30th,  and  it  does  not 
even  tell  what  year.  I  am  doubtful  about  his 
name  being  Gustavus  Charles  Henning.  We 
have  in  our  offices  a  number  of  letters  from  him 
and  I  think  that  his  name  should  be  Charles 
Theodore  Henning.  How  and  why  do  I  know 
about  Charles  Theodore  Henning'?  If  he  died 
at  the  age  of  55  years,  according  to  the  article 
above,  and  if  he  was  born  in  Brooklyn  in  1855, 
he  would  have  died  according  to  these  figures 
in  1910.  In  the  year  that  I  attended  the  Brick 
Makers'  Convention,  or  the  National  Brick 
Manufacturers'  Association,  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y., 
there  I  met  Charles  Theodore  Henning.  I  had 
one  of  our  erushhig  machines  on  exhil)ition 
down  at  the  elevator  on  the  first  floor,  as  the 
elevator  Avas  not  considered  large  eiiough  nor 
strong  enough  to  take  this  clay  crushing  ma- 
chine up  to  the  top  floor,  where  the  exhibition 
room  was.  I  was  stopping  at  a  hotel,  and  one 
evening  after  supper  Mr.  Henning  came  and 
hunted  me  up,  and  we  Avcnt  into  the  merits  of 
the  Williams  crusher.  He  there  and  then  com- 
plimented me  upon  having  discovered  the  max- 
imum of  power  of  revolving  bodies, — that  of 
the  loosely  jointed  hinged  hammers. 

While  in  conversation  with  him,  tlie  subject 
came  up  of  tempering  these  beaters.  He  said 
to  me  that  he  was  a  metallurgist  and  liad  been 
connected  at  one  time  with  Krupp's  works  in 


Essen,  Germany,  and  that  he  invented  tools  for 
boring  a  5/8  inch  hole,  or  drilling  a  5/8  inch 
hole,  through  the  center  of  a  steamship  shaft 
some  75  or  80  feet  in  length,  as  was  exhibited 
at  the  Chicago  World's  Eair.  Whether  this  be 
true  or  not,  as  to  Mr.  Henning 's  ingenuity,  I 
know  that  the  5/8  inch  holes  were  drilled  in 
the  center  of  steamship  shafts,  because  I  had 
seen  them  at  the  World's  Fair  in  Chicago;  and 
through  this  short  acquaintance  with  Mr.  Hen- 
ning he  invited  me  over  next  clay  to  his  little 
experimental  machine  shop  and  tempering  shop 
and  he  showed  me  I'ight  before  my  eyes  what 
he  could  do  witli  a  jiiece  of  rusty  hoop  iron 
from  an  old  ban-el  in  the  shop.  He  tempered 
this  hoop  iron  in  a  liquid,  con^'erted  it  into  dia- 
mond hardness  and  cut  glass  with  it.  Then 
he  picked  up  a  piece  of  common  iron,  worked 
it  into  a  drill,  and  drilled  holes  through  sheet 
glass,  like  unto  window  glass,  which  is  the  first 
and  last  time  I  have  ever  seen  holes  drilled  in 
glass. 

After  this  incident  I  visited  his  home  in 
Buffalo.  While  there  he  related  to  me  the  cir- 
cumstances of  the  water  wheel  shafts  at  Niag'- 
ara  Falls,  which  scientific  papers  at  the  time 
these  water  wheels  were  installed  had  consid- 
erable to  say  about  the  swaying  of  the  shafts 
from  the  immense  pressure  of  the  water  above 
thena.  Henning  stated  that  he  was  employed 
l3,y  the  company  to  remedy  the  difficulty  they 
had  encoimtei'ed  by  the  bearing  at  the  foot  of 
the  shafts  of  the  water  wheel ;  and  he  sug- 
gested to  them  to  take  out  the  rigid  shafts  and 
put  in  smaller  ones  which  would  bend  spirally 
when  the  weight  came  on  until  they  had  gained 
the  proper  speed,  and  after  they  had  attained 
the  proper  momentum  the  flexibility  of  the  up- 
right shafts  became  rigid,  and  being  balanced 
-by  the  water  all  around,  they  gave  up  their 
gyrations  and  became  steady.  This  perform- 
ance of  Henning 's  was  a  puzzle  to  all  mechan- 
ical engineers  connected  with  the  installation 
of  the  water  poAver  from  the  lake  above  Niag- 
ara Falls,  and  Charles  Theodore  Henning  came 
to  the  rescue. 

He  was  also  employed  by  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  Company  as  a  consulting  engineer  at 
quite  a  considerable  salary;  but  Henning  was 
a  man  who  did  not  know  how  to  save  money, 


CHARLES    THEODORE    HENNING 


and  never  became  a  money  maker  or  a  man  of 
wealth  from  his  genius. 

He  Avas  a  clever  fellow,  however. 

NEW-  YORK    CITY    VISIT 

And  upon  another  occasion,  in  New  York 
City,  while  I  did  not  meet  him,  I  met  a  gentle- 
man away  up  near  the  Grand  Central  Station 
as  now  is,  by  appointment,  to  try  to  sell  some 
of  our  crushers  to, — which  crushers  had  been 
recommended  by  Henning.  This  gentleman  was 
the  private  secretary,  as  I  now  remember,  of 
one  of  the  Vanderbilts,  who  wished  to  investi- 
gate our  Hinged  Hammer  Grinders,  and  he 
paid  Mr.  Henning  a  hig'h  tribute.  He  stated 
that  Mr.  Henning  was  the  greatest  mathemati- 
cian he  had  ever  known,  and  that  there  wasn't 
a  problem  in  mathematics  which  could  be 
placed  before  him  he  could  not   solve. 

His  home,  which  I  visited  in  Brooklyn,  was 
a  very  common  and  what  I  would  call  a  poor 
man's  home, — hardly  the  neeessai'ics  of  life  in 
that  home;  and  yet  he  had  talents  which,  could 
he  have  commended  them  properly,  A\(iiild  have 
made  of  him  a  millionaire. 

His  wife  ^\•as  also  of  German  extraction,  the 
same  as  himself,  and  neither  of  them  appeared 
to  be  out  of  the  ordinary  in  brightness,  al- 
though Mr.  Vanderbilt's  secretary  stated  to  me 
that  Mr.  Henning  had  told  him  that  we  had  the 
greatest  crushing-  principle  on  earth,  and  the 
maximum  of  power. 

THE  YEAR  OF    1900 

In  the  year  1900  I  went  to  Europe,  and  while 
in  a  hotel  at  Christiania,  Norway,  one  morning, 
coming  from  my  bedroom  to  the  dining  room 
for  my  breakfast,  which  breakfast  had  been 
tendered  me  in  bed  by  a  waiter,  which  is  the 
custom  in  those  countries,  I  had  declined  and 
stated  that  I  would  go  to  the  dining  room  and 
eat  mj'  breakfast  as  we  do  in  America.  Upon 
entering  the  dining  room,  I  saw  upon  a  table 
perhaps  a  dozen  tiags  of  various  countries ;  each 
flag  was  mounted  upon  a  short  flag-pole  and 
placed  in  a  block  of  wood  sitting  upon  the  ta- 
ble, no  larger  than  that  of  a  candlestick.  The 
wait<?r  remarked,  "Select  your  flag  and  take  it 
to  your  table,  which  is  the  custom  in  this  coun- 
try. ' ' 


I  naturally  picked  up  the  American  flag,  took 
it  over  to  a  table ;  then  he  invited  me  to  an- 
other table  next  to  a  window  which  was  raised. 
While  sitting  at  the  table  I  noticed  a  man  and 
liis  wife  about  two  tables  before  me,  who  also 
had  an  American  flag,  and  they  kept  scrutiniz- 
ing me  very  closely,  but  did  not  during  the 
meal  speak  to  me.  After  they  left  the  dining 
room  Mv.  Henning  returned,  and  I  was  just  in 
the  act  of  leaving  the  dining  room  also,  when 
Mr.  Henning  accosted  me  in  this  manner:  "Are 
j'ou  not  from  St.  Louis!"  I  replied  that  I  was; 
he  then  stated.  "Do  yon  not  recognize  me?"  I 
stated  that  I  did  not.  He  said:  "I  have  met 
you  before."  Where,  I  retorted.  He  replied, 
"In  my  home  in  Buffalo."  I  replied,  "Now,  my 
friend,  you've  got  me.  How  did  I  happen  to 
meet  you  iu  Buffalo?"  He  said,  "At  the  Brick 
Makers'  Convention."  "Well,"  I  said,  "now  I 
know  you,  your  name  is  Charles  Theodore 
Henning."  He  replied  in  the  affirmative,  and 
invited  me  to  tlieir  room,  where  I  went.  He 
then  (juestioned  me  as  to  what  I  was  doing  over 
in  Norway,  and  1  replied  I  was  doing  Europe. 
I  naturally  asked  the  same  question  of  him. 
and  he  replied  that  he  was  over  there  investi- 
gating a  copper  mine  for  a  New  York  syndi- 
cate. 

Tlie  next  question  was:  "How  will  you  dis- 
pose of  your  time  today?"  I  replied,  "Nothing 
on  in  particular."  He  answered:  "How  would 
you  like  to  go  up  to  Trolhatton?"  "What  is 
Trolhatton?"  I  said.  "A  summer  resort  on  the 
mountain.  Now,  if  you  like,  my  wife  would 
be  glad  to  accompany  you,  as  I'll  be  busy  at 
the  copper  mine."  We  went  up  part  way  by 
trolley  ear,  and  the  remainder  of  the  way  we 
Avalked.  I  spent  a  very  pleasant  time  at  the 
summer  i-esort,  although  it  was  in  October  and 
the  season  was  over.  I  did  not  see  Mr.  Henning 
or  his  wife  after  that  time. 

In  due  course  I  sailed  back  to  Hull,  England, 
and  forgot  the  Henning  incident.  Perhaps  in  a 
month's  time,  I  think  in  the  month  of  Novem- 
ber. I  had  a  call  to  Jackson,  Ohio,  to  meet  a 
tanner,  and  while  talking  with  the  tanner  he 
placed  the  query  before  me,  asking  the  ques- 
tion, how  did  he  hear  of  the  Williams  Bark 
Shredder.  I  replied  that  I  hadn't  the  slightest 
idea.    He  stated  he  heard  of  it  on  the  ship  com- 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


ing  over.  "How  can  that  be  possible?"  said  I. 
"I  met  a  man  on  the  ship  coming  over  who 
knows  joii. "  "How  did  he  know  me?"  "He 
first  met  .you  in  Butfalo,  later  in  Christiania, 
NorAvay."  I  said,  "Oh,  yes,  that's  Charles 
Theodore  Henning. "  "He  spoke  Avell  of  you  and 
your  principle  of  machine,"  said  he. 

As  time  passed  on,  in  October,  1916,  the  New 
York  and  Plomoso  Mining  Co.,  both  at  Vicks- 
burg  and  Quartsite,  Ariz.,  ordered  some  of  our 
crushing  machines,  and  about  that  time  Charles 
Theodore  Henning  and  his  wife,  on  their  way  to 
the  mines,  stopped  to  see  to  us.  After  that  time 
I  did  not  meet  him  again. 

He  was  a  great  metallurgist,  a  great  philoso- 
pher, a  great  scientist,  a  very  great  mathem- 
atician; he  understood  geometry  well,  was  also 
high  in  trigonometry,  and  I  considei'cd  him  a 
wizard  in  his  line :  but  with  it  all,  I  presume 
he  died  a  poor  man.  and  no  doubt  died  from 
overwork,  overstutly.  But  in  my  book  of  poems, 
some  donated  from  friends,  some  from  ac- 
quaintances, and  coming  across  the  notice  of 
his  demise,  I  could  not  help  but  pay  tribute 
to  Charles  Theodore  Henning.  Notwithstanding 
the  fact  that  I  did  not  consider  him  a  business 
man,  l)ut  he  was  a  gi'cat  snece.-3s  otherwise  in 
his  line.  It's  ti-nc  liis  cMinpany  never  paid  us 
but  one-half  of  the  agreed  price.  The  tribute 
we  are  paying  to  Charles  Theodore  Henning  h 
with  the  gi'eatest  respect  to  him  personally  and 
to  his  knowledge  as  a  learned  scientist. 

Respectfully, 

MILTOX  FRANKLIN  WILLIAMS. 


EULOGV  UPON  ROBERT  AVILLIAMS,  THE 
FATHER  OF  MILTON  F.  WILLIAMS 

From  Rnliei't  W.  Hampton,  of  Whilticr,  Ta., 
on  February  1:-!.  LUS.     As  follows,  vefliatim: 

"Now  a  few  words  about  thy  Father  Robert 
Williams.  He  was  a  remarkable  man  in  many 
ways.  He  was  a  great  friend  to  the  African 
race,  a  staunch  anti-slavery  man.  Also  a  strong 
temperance  advocate.  T  i-emember  upon  one 
occasion  he  took  scnne  marketing  to  W^heeling 
when   he   lived    neai-   Somerton,    and     amongst 


the  things  which  he  took  was  some  corn  which 
he  sold ;  and  when  he  found  that  the  purchaser 
expected  to  make  whiskey  of  it,  he  would  not 
let  him  have  it. 

He  was  a  man  that  I  thought  a  great  deal  of, 
although  I  very  ungratefully  used  him.  One 
Fall  after  I  worked  through  the  summer  with 
Uncle  Samuel  Williams  and  had  partaken 
largely  of  his  hospitality.  He  was  going  to  put 
up  a  barn,  I  think,  and  he  wanted  me  to  help 
him  put  it  up.  I  wanted  to  come  back  to  Iowa 
and  did  not  help  him.  I  have  no  doubt  I  have 
I'egretted  it  hundreds  of  times  since.  It  was 
certainly  a  very  mean  trick.  I  remember  on 
one  occasion  Avhcn  we  lived  at  the  Ridge,  he 
carried  a  cider  barrel  from  their  home  over  five 
miles  on  his  shoulders,  and  if  my  memory  serves 
me  right,  he  said  that  he  never  stopped  to  rest 
on  tlu^  whole  distance, — but  I  hardly  see  how 
that  could  lie.  He  was  a  very  hard-working, 
industrious  man,  and  very  honest,  trustful, 
kind  and  liberal." 


OBITUARY  OF  ROBERT  W.  HAMPTON  BY 
HIS  WIFE  ANNA 

Whittier  Home,  June  LI,  1918. 

Dear  Cousin  ililton : 

Thy  letter  received  this  morning,  the  tenth 
day  of  sixth  month.  Too  late !  Too  late !  to  be 
responded  to  by  the  one  to  whom  it  was  ad- 
dressed. Our  dear  one  closed  his  eyes  in  that 
sleep  that  knows  no  waking  on  these  earthly 
shores  the  twentj^-ninth  day  of  third  month 
last.  I  am  much  surprised  that  relatives  at 
Bridgeport,  Ohio,  have  not  Avritten  this  to  thee, 
but  it  is  possible  that  they  do  not  know  it  them- 
selves ;  but  there  is  so  much  communication 
between  this  neighborhood  and  that,  I  don't 
see  wliy  it  should  be  so.  I  had  so  many,  many 
letters  to  write  about  that  time.  I  depended 
on  the  Hampton  relatives  to  write  to  many  of 
them  in  Ohio,  as  I  had  so  many  others  to  write 
to.  Our  dear  one  had  not  been. well  for  more 
than  one  year.  bu1  attend. 'd  to  his  work,  which 
was  light  in  the  ,s])ring  and  suninuM' — his  gar- 
tlcn,  v.'hich  i-;  a  goed  M>:cd  o'.'.e.  to  care  for; 
and  w  inter  to  keen  furnace  tire  and  some  other 


ROBERT   W.  HAMPTON 


small  duties.  We  do  not  keep  a  horse  nor  any 
chickens  even,  so  we  have  no  live  stock  to  look 
after.  About  three  weeks  before  the  close  of 
his  life,  he  seemed  to  decline  faster,  grew 
weaker,  but  not  much  pain,  only  when  he  over- 
taxed his  strength,  which  would  bring  on  pain 
in  the  region  of  the  heart ;  l)ut  on  the  evening 
of  the  27th  of  that  month  he  "as  taken  worse. 

"We  called  on  our  doctor  who  came  very  soon, 
as  she  lives  only  a  few  doors  from  us  on  this 
street.  She  used  every  heart  stimulant  that 
could  be  used,  and  pronounced  the  trouble 
hardening  of  the  arteries,  and  heart.  He  was 
very  patient  and  suffered  more  after  he  grew 
worse,  and  often  had  to  have  the  hyperdermie 
needle  used.  Only  3  days  after  he  took  to  his 
bed  until  the  sunset  hour  of  his  earthly  life 
came,  and  as  I  held  his  hand  in  mine  his  eyes 
gazed  in  mine  with  a  wistful  look,  to  say  fai'e- 
well,  but  his  voice  was  gone. 

"Lips  from  which  the  seal  of  silence  none  but 

God  can  roll  away — 
Never,  never  more  to  speak  to  nie  as  1  go  my 

lonely  way." 

A  few  moi'nini;s  liefoiT  lie  grew  worse,  he 
awoke  and  waited  h>f  nic  tn  arouse,  and  then 
he  took  both  my  liamls  in  his  an^l  said,  "Oh, 
we  must  ha\-e  a  gootl  talk.  1  nevei-  expect  to 
get  well."  I  replied,  "I  have  longed  to  have  a 
talk,  too.'"  He  then  said.  ''I  did  not  live  my 
early  years  as  thoughtful  as  1  should,  but  for 
years  past  now  I  ha\e  tried  to  live  bettei-.  It 
has  taken  deep  seaix-hing  of  the  heart  and 
pleading  prayerfuluess,  but  the  Living  Father 
has  been  so  merciful,  so  merciful,  and  forgiv- 
ing." He  then  wanted  me  to  forgive  every  un- 
kind thing  that  ever  he  gave.  I  remarked  that 
nothing  had  ever  been  held  unforgiven  on  my 
part,  but  that  my  unguarded  moments  had  far 
outnumbered  his,  foi'  which  I  craved  forgive- 
ness. "Oh,"  lie  saiil,  "thee  has  been  such  a 
good  wife  I  don't  know  what  would  have  be- 
come of  me  -witlioiit  tliee." 

He  then  told  me  what  he  wished  1  might  do, 
to  live  in  our  pleasant  little  home  as  long  as  I 
wanted  it.  I  have  such  dear  close  neighbors, 
and  so  many  very  kind  and  good  friends  and 
I'elatives  near  me,  and  foui-  of  the  dearest  sons, 


who  are  so  thoughtful  of  Mother, — all  of  them 
and  their  wives  and  children  seem  to  think  they 
cannot  do  enough  for  me.  Our  sons  were  with 
us  after  midnight  the  first  night  after  their 
father  took  his  bed. 

My  dear  one  never  craved  wealth.  He  wa^ 
much  like  his  father  in  that  respect,  but  was 
very  industrious,  and  Ave  were  blessed  Avith 
enough  to  live  comfortably,  and  I  hope  enough 
to  keep  me  so.  I  do  believe  that  his  bank  ac- 
count in  Heaven  proved  his  treasure  Avas  laid 
\ip  there.  Oh,  he  was  such  a  good  example  to 
me,  so  guarded  in  his  expressions,  and  our  Fa- 
ther kncAV  that  he  Avas  riper  for  Heaven  than  I 
and  took  him  home  first.  In  His  matchless 
goodness  and  unerring  judgment  He  kncAV  that 
Avould  stimulate  my  efforts  to  gain  the  same 
sweet  haven  of  joy  and  happiness, — that  the 
beckoning  hands  of  our  two  glorified  ones  on 
celestial  shores  Avould  call  nu^  and  our  God- 
given  flock  Heavenward, — we  Avho  ai-e  still  left 
to  plod  on  in  this  valley  of  Avoe. 


"Oh,  I  would  not  call  tlieni 
earthly  things, 
Disi'obe  of  Heaven's  glory, 
angel  Avings." 


•k  to  eai'th  and 


mplui 


We  Avere  pei'mitted  to  walk  together,  shar- 
ing the  varied  shadings,  down  the  pathway  of 
many  years.  If  he  had  lived  until  the  13th  of 
this  month  he  would  have  been  83  years  old, 
and  he  Avas  about  four  yeai's  older  than  I.  He 
Avas  the  last  leaf  left  on  the  family  tree, — tAvo 
sistei-s  and  his  youngest  brother  i)lumed  their 
Avings  for  the  spirit  land  last  year. 

Please  remember  this  letter  is  Avi'itten  under 
stress  of  severed  heart  strings,  and  make  due 
alloAvance  for  all  its  defects.  I  do  not  Avant  it 
to  carry  gloom  to  any  home ;  foi'  the  closing  of 
a  good  life,  croAvned  Avith  victory,  Avith  all  of 
earth's  conflicts  ended,  calls  for  rejoicing 
rather  than  Aveeping.  My  Robert  told  me  to  be 
of  good  cheer,  and  not  pine  too  much,  and  I  try 
to  l)e  re.-^igned  and  cheerful,  thinking  that  it 
will  not  be  long  until  our  reunion,  Avhere  fare- 
wells arc  never  spoken.  I  did  not  think  of  Avrit- 
ing  so  miTch  when  I  commenced.  I  hope  it  will 
not  intrude  on  a  busy  person's  time  too  much, 
but  if  the  i-elatives  at  Bi-idgeport  did  not  hear 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


about  our  dear  one's  departui'e  I  wish  they 
might  have  this  letter  to  read.  Will  it  be  ask- 
ing- too  much  for  thee  to  mail  it  to  them  for 
fear  they  have  not  had  the  letter  I  sent  to 
Colerain  relatives  telling  about  the  same  things  ? 

I  want  to  remark  that  this  picture  of  thy 
manly  looking  grandson  looks  worthy  for  a 
grandfather  to  be  proud  of.  I  would  like  a 
place  beside  it  our  grandson,  about  10  years 
old,  who,  we  think,  is  a  lii'ight  boy  and  fine 
scholar  for  one  so  young.  He  is  our  third  son's 
only  boy,  lives  in  Cedar  Rapids,  and  in  his 
veins  flows  the  Hampton.  Buudy  and  Lest 
blood.  I  wish  I  were  capable  of  helping  where 
my  nuitc  would  have  done  in  thy  undertakings, 
but  1  simply  could  not.  My  eyes  are  very  poor, 
the  oculist  told  me  to  use  them  very  carefully, 
as  I  had  dim  vision  no\\-,  which  could  not  be 
improved,  he  feared. 

I  liked  that  little  i>ocin  thee  sent  very  much. 
I  forgot  to  say  in  proper  place,  that  Robert  al- 
ways thought  so  iiiucli  of  Robert  Williams' 
family  and  so  did  1.  Now  I  shall  like  to  hear 
from  thee  again  if  not  asking  too  much,  and  a 
share  of  that  continued  love  for  all  the  cousins 
who  read  this,  I  send, 

ANNA  B.  IIAIMPTON. 


ROBERT    EDWIN    PEARY 

(By  Associated  Press.) 

Washington,  February  20.  1920.— Rear  Admiral 
Robert  Edwin  Peary,  retired.  Arctic  explorer  and  dis- 
coverer of  the  North  Pole,  died  at  his  home  her< 
today  from  pernicious  anemia,  from  -which  he  had 
suffered  for  several  years. 

He  -ivill  be  buried  in  Arlington  National  Cemetery 
Monday  morning  with  the  full  naval  honors  of  his 
rank. 

Admiral  Peary  was  G4  years  old.  He  entered  the 
navy  as  a  civil  engineer  on  October  6.  1S81.  He  was 
assistant  engineer,  Nicaragua  Ship  Canal,  under  gov- 
ernment orders,  1SS4-S.5.  Returning  to  the  United 
States,  he  became  interested  in  Arctic  explorations 
and  thirty-four  years  ago  he  made  his  first  trip  to  the 
North,  making  a  reconnaissance  of  the  Greenland 
inland  ice  cape  coast  east  of  Disco  Bay. 

Two  years  thereafter  he  was  engineer  in  charge  of 
the   Nicaragua    Canal    surveys   and   invented   rolling 


lock  gates  for  the  canal,  but  the  lure  of  the  Arctic 
was  en  him,  and  he  again  turned  northward.  In  June, 
1S91,  he  led  his  first  big  polar  expedition,  being  head 
of  the  Arctic  expedition  of  the  Academy  of  Natural 
Science,  Philadelphia. 

Peary  made  seven  other  expeditions  into  the  Arctic 
before  he  finally  was  successful  in  reaching  the  pole, 
returning  in  1909  to  find  Dr.  Frederick  A.  Cook  was 
being  praised  as  the  discoverer. 

In  1913  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Rear 
Admiral  in  the  navy  and  given  the  thanks  of  Congress 
by  a  special  act.  Turning  his  attention  to  aviation. 
Admiral  Peary  became  a  strong  advocate  of  aircraft 
development  by  the  government  and  time  and  again 
urged  adequate  coast  patrols  in  this  country,  espe- 
cially during  the  war  period. 

Admiral  Peary  was  president  of  the  Aerial  League 
of  America  and  for  several  years  had  been  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Governors  of  the  Aero  Club  of  Amer- 
ica. About  a  month  ago  he  accepted  the  presidency 
of  a  Si.  Louis  airplane  company. 

He  was  an  honorary  member  of  the  Philadelphia 
Geographical  Society,  American  Alpine  Club,  National 
Geographic  Society,  American  Museum  of  Natural 
History,  New  York  Chamber  of  Commerce  and  all  the 
principal  American  and  foreign  topographical  so- 
cieties. 

It  was  on  the  afternoon  of  September  (],  1909,  that 
the  following  few  words  reported  to  the  civilized 
world  for  the  first  time  this  crowning  achievement  of 
three  centuries  of  effort: 

"Indian  Harbor,  via  Cape  Ray,  N.  F..  September 
6. — To  the  Associated  Press,  New  York. 

"Stars  and  Stripes  nailed  to  North  Pole. 


Peary's  actual  attainment  of  the  pole  had  been  just 
five  months  before,  on  April  6,  1909. 

When  this  dispatch  came  the  world  was,  quite 
unknown  to  Peary,  already  praising  Dr.  Frederick  A. 
Cook  as  the  discoverer.  Only  four  days  previous  to 
the  Peary  announcement  Cook,  who  was  on  his  way 
back  to  Copenhagen  on  board  a  Danish  steamer,  had 
telegraphed  the  claim  that  he  reached  the  pole  on 
April  21,  190S— nearly  a  year  ahead  of  Peary. 

Great  Dispute  Arose 
While  Dr.  Cook's  claim  did  not  go  unquestioned 
from  the  first,  he  had  for  fo'ar  days  at  least  been 
widely  acclaimed  as  the  discoverer  of  the  pole.  With 
Peary's  message  there  arose  one  of  the  greatest  con- 
troversies of  all  ages  over  the  honor  of  actual  first 
discovery.  There  can  be  no  one  who  has  forgotten 
the  dispute.  Peary's  assertions  were  not  seriously 
questioned,  but  among  newspaper  readers  there  came 
to  be  two  great  camps,  for  and  against  Cook. 


THE    NORTH   POLE 


Peary  with  his  record  cf  seven  successful  trips  to 
the  Arctic,  his  official  standing  in  the  United  States 
Navy  and  in  scientific  circles,  easily  held  the  com 
mending  position  in  the  controversy.  But  it  was  only 
after  the  scientific  bodies  one  by  one  had  sifted  the 
evidence  and  pronounced  Cook's  claims  unfounded 
that  Peary's  title  as  discoverer  of  the  pole  was  really 


The  first  step  that  led  Peary  toward  the  pole  was 
taken  in  Washington  one  day  when  he  walked  into 
a  book  store  to  browse  and  picked  up  a  fugitive 
account  of  Greenland.  He  became  an  insatiable  reader 
on  the  subject  of  the  Arctic.  He  was  then  30  years 
old. 

80-Ton   Meteorites 

Obtaining  leave  from  the  naval  service,  he  led  an 
expedition  into  Greenland  to  determine  the  extent  of 
this  mysterious  land.  He  determined  its  insularity, 
discovered  and  named  many  Arctic  points  which 
today  are  familiar  names — such  as  Independence  Bay, 
Melville  Land  and  Heilprin  Land,  and  in  one  of  his 
later  voyages  he  discovered  the  famous  meteorites 
which  he  brought  back  to  civilization.  One  of  them, 
weighing  SO  tons,  is  the  wonder  of  visitors  to  the 
Museum  of  Natural  History  in  New  York. 


FARTHEST    NORTH 


It  is  fortunate  that  a  number  of  years  before  his 
death  all  controversy  over  his  claim  to  having  been 
the  original  locator  of  the  North  Pole  was  ended  in 
favor  of  Rear  Admiral  Robert  E.  Peary.  While  there 
are  a  few  things  which  will  always  remain  unex- 
plained in  the  claim  of  Dr.  Frederick  A.  I'ook  to  have 
reached  the  Pole  prior  to  the  arrival  of  Admiral 
Peary,  and  while  there  are  still  a  few  who  support 
his  claim  because  of  these  unexplained  things.  Dr. 
Cook  has  teen  ruled  permanently  oiit  of  court  because 
of  his  own  conduct,  and  will  never  again  secure  a 
serious  hearine,  unless,  indeed,  he  may  be  able  to 
present  some  new  and  irref.itable  evidpnc^,  the 
nature  of  which  cannot  now  be  surmispd.  That  Ad- 
miral Peary  did  actually  stand  at  the  northern  apex 
of  the  earth  as  a  result  of  his  own  indefatigable 
exertions,  make  the  necessary  scientific  observations  , 
and  bring  back  with  him  amole  proofs,  has  been  | 
established  and  accepted  by  the  scientific  world,  and 
to  him  will   belong  the   honor  for  all   time  to  come. 

The  life  of  Admiral  Peary  is  one  of  great  value 
to  the  youth  of  America  in  its  lesson  of  persistence  in 
pursuing  to  successful  attainment  a  worthy  object. 
Eight  times  he  participated  in  polar  explorations  be- 
fore he  finally  reached  the  goal,  being  successful  in 
what  he  knew  must  be  his  last  effort  because  of 
advancing  years  rendering  him  physically  unfit  to 
endure     the     unavoidable     hardships.     Persistence, 


determination  and  intelligent  organization  of  his 
forces  produced  success.  They  always  do  where 
success  is  possible.  Many  men  had  gone  into  the 
Arctic  before  Peary  was  born  and  he  received  the 
benefit  of  their  experiences  and  discoveries,  as  have 
all  other  explorers  who  have  succeeded  where  others 
failed.  It  is  the  rule  of  life  that  some  labor  and 
others  enter  into  the  fruits  of  their  labors.  XU  human 
progress  is  along  that  line. 

Achievement,  invention,  discovery  are  all  cumula- 
tive. The  great  things  which  from  time  to  time 
startle  us  in  their  revolutionary  effect  upon  the 
methods  of  human  society  and  our  industrial  life  and 
even  of  our  apprehension  of  the  great  universe  of 
which  we  are  a  part,  are  all  the  product  of  progres- 
sive knowledge  gathered  from  the  labors  of  many 
men  and  many  years.  No  discoverer  or  inventor  can 
truthfully  say  that  he  alone  is  responsible  for  what 
he  discloses  to  the  knowledge  of  men  or  creates  for 
their  use.  Everything  new  has  its  roots  in  the  old. 
and  labor  follows  labor  in  producing  all  we  have  and 
.mow.  Yet,  while  honor  is  due  to  all  who  labor,  the 
great  reward  comes  to  those  whose  labor  comes  at 
the  point  of  actual  discovery  or  production.  Kane, 
Franklin,  Nares,  De  Long  and  many  others  toiled 
and  suffered  and  some  cf  them  gave  their  lives  in 
the  progressive  revelation  of  the  secrets  of  the  polar 
region,  hut  to  Peary  was  reserved  the  honor  of  actu- 
ally reaching  the  point  where  all  directions  are  south 
and  revealing  the  exact  character  and  conditions  of 
that  region,  which  had  so  long  been  in  scientific 
controversy,  showing  them  to  be  contrary  to  the 
prevailing  theory  of  scientists,  not  an  unusual  occur- 
rence. The  secrets  of  the  Arctic  have  not  yet  all 
been  disclosed.  An  expedition  starts  this  year  into 
the  vast  unexplored  region  of  Baffin's  Land.  But  the 
great  goal  of  endeavor,  the  chief  scientific  secret, 
was  reached  and  revealed,  when  Robert  E.  Peary 
unfurled  the  Stars  and  Stripes  at  the  summit  of  the 
world. 


(■OM.ME.\TIX(i    OX   THE   ABOVE 

He  .hired  to  1)0  (liffercnt.  Rear  Admiral 
Robt.  E.  Peary  had  the  belief,  had  the  iicfve,  to 
use  a  common  phrase,  had  the  acumen,  to  step 
out  of  the  ranks  and  not  follow  in  the  rut,  God 
|iiovi(ii(l  us  all  for  .some  good  purpose.  He 
created  some  for-  Generals,  and  others  for 
offices  of  less  responsibility,  all  along  down 
the  line  until  he  reached  the  high  private  in  the 
rear  I'ank. 

While  some  men  are  born  great,  and  others 
have  greatness  thrust  upon  them,  in  creating 
hewers    of   wood    and    drawers    of   water,    the 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


chain  of  circumstances  which  goes  to  make  up 
the  wliole  is  supplied  by  many  men  of  man.y 
minds. 

Admiral  Peary  had  an  idea  that  there  was 
something  worthy  of  note  beyond  Greenland. 
Hence,  he  resigned  his  position  from  the  navy 
and  started  a  little  navy  of  his  own.  Men  of 
his  character  keep  the  wheels  of  fortune  mov- 
ing, and  I  firmly  believe  that  such  was  the  in- 
tention of  the  Creator.  It's  the  man  who  dares 
to  be  different  who  accomplishes  great  results. 
Most  men  are  afraid  to  step  aside  from  the 
beaten  paths, — some  from  inheritance,  some 
from  timidity  inborn,  others  Avho  have  a  fear 
of  ))eing  laughed  at  and  scorned.  But  quite  a 
number  however,  who  dai'e  to  be  different  and 
who  care  not  for  the  jeers  of  the  throng,  and 
say  unto  themselves:  "My  line  is  mapped  out 
in  my  own  mind.  God  sparing  my  life,  I  will 
reach  the  goal  in  my  own  way.  I  will  not  fol- 
low a  beaten  path.  I  will  cut  down  the  mighty 
oak,  I  will  grub  up  the  stumps,  I  will  make  an 
asphaltum  road  for  others  to  follow.  I  will 
plant  the  Stars  and  Stripes  according  to  mj' 
aim."  This  is  perseverance.  This  is  self -con- 
fidence. This  is  the  dominant  charactiM-istic  of 
a  WeLshman.  Over  five  hundred  and  fifty  thou- 
sand Welshman  and  Welsh  descendants  l)elong 
to  one  society  in  America.  They  are  a  most 
detei'mined  race — not  bloodthirsty,  as  tlieir  an- 
«estors  were  before  and  shortly  after  the  time 
of  Christ,  l)ut  they  all  to  a  man,  in  America 
<>specially,  arc  God-fearing  men.  and  their 
iratehwoid  is  "By  the  grace  of  God.  I  will  ac- 
complish my  object." 

M.  V.  WILLIAMS. 


EMIL  BOEHL,  NOTED 

PHOTOGRAPHER,    DIES 


Oldest  Member  of  Profession  in  St.  Louis  Wrote 

Own  Obituary  When  Told  That  He 

Could  Not  Recover 

(Globe-Democrat.  December  13,  1919) 

Emil  Boehl,  SO  years  old,  St.  Louis'  oldest  photog- 
rapher, died  of  a  complication  of  diseases  at  his 
home,  3952  Juniata  street,  yesterday  afternoon.     On 


October  10  Boehl  prepared  his  own  obituary  for  the 
newspapers.  At  that  time  he  was  told  by  his  phy- 
sician that  he  could  not  recover. 

Boehl's  Obituary 

His  obituary  follows: 

I  came  to  St.  Louis  June  1.5,  1854,  with  my  parents 
and  one  brother  and  one  sister.  It  was  when  the 
cholera  was  raging  here  and  we  lost  both  parents 
during  the  first  two  weeks  after  our  arrival. 

I  was  born  in  Calvoerde  Dukedom,  Brunswick, 
October  27,  1839.  Up  to  the  beginning  of  the  civil 
war  I  was  salesman  in  groceries,  dry  goods  and  cloth- 
ing business.  In  May,  1861,  I  joined  the  Fourth  Regi- 
ment of  Home  Guards.  Although  we  were  sworn  in 
to  do  service  in  St.  Louis  County  only,  we  volunteered 
to  go  with  Generals  Sigel  and  Solomon  to  the  south- 
west part  of  the  state  to  cut  off  the  rebel  forces  under 
General  Price,  who  had  been  driven  from  Jefferson 
City  by  Gen.  Lyon,  and  Gen.  Sigel  gave  them  battle 
at  Carthage,  but  had  to  retreat  to  Springfield  on 
account  of  much  larger  forces  of  the  rebels.  Our  time 
of  enlistment  having  expired,  we  were  sent  back  to 
St.  Louis  and  mustered  out.  After  our  return  the 
able  men  were  organized  into  Enrolled  Missouri 
Militia,  in  which  I  served  until  1865. 

In  1864  I  established  a  photographic  gallery  with  a 
partner,  L.  H.  Koenig.  I  severed  my  connection  with 
him  in  1897  and  continued  the  business  until  May  1, 
1919.  Since  that  time  I  have  catered  to  my  large 
collection  of  historical  views,  some  of  them  as  far 
back  as  1840. 

I  was  a  member  of  the  first  musical  organization 
that  introduced  classical  music  in  St.  Louis  under  the 
leadership  of  the  greatest  musical  director  St.  Louis 
ever  had,  Prof.  Sobolowski.  In  1865  I  joined  the  best 
singing  society  in  St.  Louis,  the  Arion  des  Westens. 
In  1870  the  majority  of  that  society  resigned  and 
formed  the  Liederkranz,  of  which  I  am  a  charter 
member  and  active  singer  until  health  and  age  com- 
pelled me  to  retire  from  singing  in  April,  1919. 

I  was  married  in  November,  1864,  and  raised  two 
sons  and  two  daughters,  all  married. 

Began   Photography   in   1864 

Boehl  began  photography  in  St.  Louis  in  1864.  His 
offices  then  were  located  at  the  present  site  of  the 
Pierce  Building.  He  was  active  in  his  work  until  his 
last  illness. 

A  full  page  of  photographs  of  St.  Louis  landmarks 
which  Boehl  took  many  years  ago  appeared  in  the 
Artgravure  section  of  the  Globe-Democrat  on  No- 
vember 30. 

Boehl  is  survived  by  his  widow  and  four  children — 
J.  Louis  Boehl,  president  of  the  Boehl  Hardware  and 
Furniture  Company;  Hugo  Boehl,  teller  at  the  Liberty 


MAKCUS    AURELIUS 


Bank:   Mrs.  Emilie  Lips  and  Mrs.  Henrietta  Hessler. 
Funeral  services  will  be  held  at  the  residence  at 
2  o'clock  tomorrow  afternoon.    Burial  will  be  in  Park 
Lawn  Cemetery,  St.  Louis  County. 


A  KOMAN-S  DEATH 


When  Antoninus  Pius  felt  the  approach  of 
death,  he  gave  to  the  tribune  who  asked  for  the 
watchword  for  the  night,  the  reply,  "Equanimi- 
ty," directed  that  the  golden  statue  of  Fortune 
which  always  stood  in  the  Emperor's  chamber 
be  transferred  to  that  of  Marcus  Aurelius,  and 
then  turned  his  face  and  peacefully  passed  into 
the  sleep  that  knows  no  waking  here.  The 
watchword  of  the  father  became  the  lifeword 
of  the  son. 


LIFE  AND  DEATH 


The  Meditations  of  Mai-cus  Aurelius  Antoninus, 
Roman    (ieiieral 

Ouv  life  is  but  a  ]»()int  in  lime;  oui'  bodies 
hasten  to  tlieir  decreed  decay;  dull  the  percep- 
tion and  the  soul  confused ;  the  future,  a  mys- 
tery, and  glory,  vanity.  In  brief,  the  things 
of  the  body  are  a  stream;  the  things  of  the  soul 
a  di'eam  and  a  mist ;  life  itself  a  battle,  the 
sojourn  of  a  ti-aveler.  and  fame — oblivion  I 
What  then  shall  guide  man  aright.'  One  thing, 
one  thing  alone — the  love  of  wisdom.  And  this 
is  wi.sdom — to  keep  the  Divine  s])irit  within  us 
serene,  undetiled,  high  above  pleasure  and  pain  ; 
acting  always  thoughtfully,  simply,  sincerely; 
not  dependent  upon  another  man's  action  or  his 
inaction;  accepting  all  that  befalls  or  is  de- 
creed unto  us  as  coming  thence  whence  we  our- 
selves have  come.  When  all  is  done — it  is  to 
wait  for  death  with  a  cheerful  s])ii'it,  beholding 
in  it  but  a  return  to  the  elements  of  wliich  all 
living  beings  are  made.  If  no  hai-m  befall  these 
elements  in  their  eternal  transformation,  why 
should  man  dread  evil  from  the  change  and 
dispersion  of  the  elements  of  which  he  is  com- 
posed?    This   is   in    accord   with    Nature — and 


Avhat   is   in   accord   with    Nature    has   nothing 
within  it  of  evil. 


The  Good  Book  says:   "The 
is  the  beginning  of  wisdom."' 


fear  of  the  Lord 


THE  PERSIANS 


The  Persians  had  a  beautiful  custom  of  pouring 

out  upon  the  ground 
A  libation  that  they  who  had  gone  before 
Mgiit  drink  with  those  who  remained  behind. 
Let  us  pour  out  a  libation  to  our  parted  friends. 

"So  when  the  Angel  of  the  darker  drink 
At  last  shall  iind  you  by  the  river  brink, 
And  offei-ing  his  cup  invites  your  soul 
Forth   to   your   lips   to    ([uaff — you   shall    nor 

shrink!" 


"Those  wh 
first  make  niH 

This  is  the 
that  is  jittrib 
wlio  placed  h 


the  gods  would  destroy,  they 

nniliar  I'cndering  of  a  saying 
<1  to  a  Greek,  Publius  Syrius, 
(lea  this  way: 

"Whom  Fortune  wishes  to  destroy,  she  first 
makes  mad."  Perhaps  the  change  to  gods  came 
about  by  the  practice  of  the  Romans,  who  gave 
drugged  wine  to  those  condemned  to  death  in 
the  Arena,  in  oi-der  to  make  them  crazy  and 
willing  to  fight  longe)',  thus  furnishing  more 
sport  to  the  wicked  spectators,  and  those  anx- 
ious for  the  goi-e  of  the  unfortunates. 


William  Cullen  Bryant  Put  It  This  Way: 

"So  live  that  when  thy  summons  comes  to 
join  that  innumerable  caravan  that  moves  to 
that  mysterious  realm  where  each  shall  take  his 
place  within  the  silent  halls  of  death,  thou  go 
not  like  a  cpiarry  slave  at  night,  scourged  to 
his  dungeon,  but  sustained  and  soothed  by  an 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


unfaltering  trust,  approach  the  grave  like  one 
who  wraps  the  drapery  of  his  couch  about  him 
and  lies  down  to  pleasant  dreams." 


"The  bo;ist  of  lievaklry,  the  pouij)  of  power. 
And  all  that  beauty,  all  that  wealth  e  "er  gave, 
AAvait,  alike,  the  inevitable  hour: 

The  paths  of  glory  lead  but  to  the  grave."' 

— Gray. 


"What  is  death.  Father?"  "The  rest,  ray  child. 

When  the  storm  and  the  tight  are  o'er, 
The  angel  of  Orod  who,  calm  and  mild. 

Says  we  need  fight  no  more, — 
Who,  driving  away  the  demon  band, 

Bids  the  din  of  battle  cease. 
Takes  banner  and  spear  from  our  failing  hand 

And  proclaims  an  eternal  peace." 


Apostrophe  to  Death 

0  eloijuent,   just   and   mighty   Death ! 
Whom  none  could  advise,  thou  hast  persuaded ; 
What  none  hath  dared,  thou  hast  done ; 
And  whom  all  tlie  world  hath  flattered, 
Thou  only  hast  cast  out  of  the  world  and    de- 
spised ; 
Thou  has  draAvn  together  all  the  fai'-fctehed 
Greatness,  all  the  pride,  cruelty  and  ambition 
Of  man,  and  covered  it  all  over  with  these 
Two  narrow  words:    Hie  Jacet   (here  it  lies). 
—Sir  Walter  Raleigh. 


NOW  M.    F.   WILLIAMS'   DECLARATION 


What  Is  My  Belief? 

I  believe  there  is  a  first  great  cause,  a  cre- 
ator, a  supervisor  of  all  things ;  that  each  indi- 
vidual will  be  held  to  a  strict  account  for  his 
administrations  here  upon  earth.  That  when 
\VQ  leave  this  earth  we  will  be  held  accountable 


for  all  actions,  all  deeds,  good  or  bad ;  that  we 
will"  be  weighed  in  the  balance,  and,  if  found 
wanting,  we  will  have  to  answer  questions  and 
make  amends. 


LIFE 


"Life  is  but  a  weary  dream.  Things  are  not 
always  what  they  seem."  Nevertheless,  life  is 
just  what  we  make  of  it. 


Battle  Hymn  of  the  Republic 

"In  the  beauty  of  the  lilies,  Christ  was  born 

across  the  sea. 
With  a  glory  in  His  bosom  that  transfigures  you 

and  me. 
As  he  died  to  make  men  holy,  let  us  die  to  make 

men  free. 
For  God  is  marching  on." 


"When  the  war  drums  throb  no  longer, 
And  the  battle  flags  are  furled. 

In  the  parliament  of  man, 
The  federation  of  the  world." 


WE  HONOR  OUR  ST.  LOUIS  DEAD 


The  fii-st  bodies  of  our  soldier  dead  that  were 
I'etui'ned  from  over  sea  la.v  in  the  state  in  the 
rotunda  of  our  City  Hall,  banked  in  flowers 
and  guarded  by  soldiers.  All  the  city  united 
to  pay  homage  to  these  our  representatives  who 
had  given  their  lives  in  the  great  World  War. 
A  military  funeral  procession  took  the  bodies 
to  Moolah  Temple,  where  public  services  were 
held  Ai^ril  9,  1921,  and  their  relatives  took  the 
bodies  to  their  last  resting  place  . 


OUR   SOLDIER   DEAD 


In  Memoriam 


Pause,  eager,  restless  life,  beside  these  flag-draped 
biers; 
These  be  thy  sons,   dear  land,  returned   to  thine 
embrace ; 
Kneel  now,  with  bended  head,  with  proud  and  rev- 
erent tears. 
While  memory  calls  back  each  vanished  form  and 
face. 

Nay,  say  not  these  are  dead;  from  youth's  fair  morn- 
ing plain 
They  have  but  passed  to  higher  ranks,  to  glory's 
land; 
From    glory's    morning    land,    behold!     they    march 
again; 
Saluting,   wave,   "All   hail,   dear   land,"   and   silent 
stand. 

Immortal  youth  has  touched  each  radiant  face  and 

form, 

Abiding  peace  attends  their  love-lit,  shining  way; 

No  scar  of  death  remains,  no  stress  of  battle  storm, 

Nor  gloom  of  starless  night  they  know,  nor  clouded 

day. 

■Where'er  these  sleep  a  nations  constant  love  shall 
set 
Their   deathless    crowns    in   radiant    glory   of   the 
flowers, 
And  memory  shall  speak  their  deeds,  lest  we  forget 
■What  heritage  of  blood  and  lofty  faith  is  ours. 

C.  R.  WILD,  St.  Louis,  April  9,  1921. 
(Globe-Democrat,   Saturday  morning,  April  9,  1921.) 


'It  is  not  all  of  life  to  live, 
Nor  all  of  death  to  die." 


Let  us  take  the  path  of  life 

That  breathes  with  pinks  and  roses; 
Not  the  opposite  path, 

Where  the  epitaph  states 
Here  he  reposes. 


A  NEW  THANATOPSIS 


(Thanatopsis  means  a  view  of  death,  a  medi- 
tation on  the  subject  of  death.) 

"There    is   no   Death! 
God, — God  alone, — is   Life;   and  all   our  life, 
And  all  the  varying  substance  of  the  world, 
From   Him  derived,  and  vitalized  by   Him; 
And  every  change  which  we  ascribe  to  Death 
Is  but  a  change  in  form  or  place  or  state 
Of  something  which  can  never  cease  to  live. 

Insensate  matter  is  the  base  of  all. 
The  pedestal  of  life,  the  supple  mould 
Through  which  the  vital  currents  come  and  go. 
The  Universe,  with  its  infinity. 
Is  but  the  visible  garment  of  our  God; 
The  sun  is  but  the  garment  of  our  heavens; 
The  body  is  the  garment  of  our  soul. 
The  coarse,  material   outbirth  of  its  life, 
Its  medium  for  a  time,  a  shell  which  keeps 
Within  its  curves  the  music  of  the  sea — 
A  wondrous  thing!  which  seems  to  live,  but  does  not, 
For  nothing  lives  but  God,  and  all  in  Him. 

The  spirit  is  a  substance,  a  pure  form 
Of  immaterial  tissue,  finely  wrought 
Into  the  human  shape,  unseen  in  this 
Our  physical  existence,  but  the  cause 
Of  all  its  motions  and  its  very  life. 
When  ripened  for  a  more  exalted  sphere, 
The  soul  exuves  its  earthly  envelope, 
And  leaves  the  atoms  of  its  chemic  dross^ 
Oh  never,  never  more  to  be  resumed!  — 
For  worms,  or  weeds  or  flowers  to  animate, 
While  it  withdraws  to  more  august  abodes, 
Happier  beyond  comparison  than  those 
Who  pass  in  joy  from  hovels  all  forlorn 
To  palaces  imperial. 

None  have  died 
From  earth's  first  revolution  to  the  present. 
But  all  are  living  who  have  ever  lived. 
Earth  has  indeed  no  monuments  of  Death, 
But  only  vestiges  of  those  who  passed 
Through  this  inevitable  vale  of  shadows. 
And  left  behind  the  prints  of  busy  hands. 
That  are  still  busier  now,  and  songful  echoes 
Of  friendly  voices  that  are  singing  still."' 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


A  QUAKER'S  SERENE  TRUST 


His 


mis  lift 


'■I  knin\-  not  wh 

Thei-e  fronded  palms  in   aii'; 
I   only  know  I   cannot    drift. 

Beyond  His  love  and  care. 

And  so  beside  the  Silent  Sea 

I  wait  the  nmftled  oar: 
No  harm  from  Him  ean  eome  to  me 

On  ocean  or  on  slu)rc.'' 

— Jolm    U.   Whittier. 


"There  is  no  death — the  stars  lio  down 
To  rise  npon  some  fairer  shore, 

xVud  hrio'ht  in  heaven's  jeweled  ci'owi 
Thev  shine  for  evermore." 


REQUIESCAT  IN  PACE 

"Novendier's  fingers,  wet  and  cold, 
Have  plucked  the  leaves  of  dun  and  gold 
From  bending  trees,  to  bed  the  flowers 
That  bloomed  throughont  the  sunny  hours 
Upon  the  graves  where  loved  ones  sleep, — 
While  watch  and  ward  the  living  keep. 

The   Indian   Sunnner   liackward   strays. 
Like   mother   love   in    former   da,\-s. 
That,  when  the  children's  prayers  were  said 
And  both  were  safely  tueketl  in  bed. 
Returned  to  press  a  kiss  once  more 
On  sleeping  head.s — then  shut  thr  dooi-! 

And  so  this  bahny  Autunni  day 
I  through  God's  Acre  wend   my   way 
To   Avhere  two  mounds   are   molded   o'er 
The  forms  of  those  I  view   no   more : 
And   lay   a  si)ray  and  breathe  ;i   ])rayer 
For  souls  of  bodies  lying  there." 

— H.  M.  Plaisted. 


''Death  shtits  and  bars  the  door  in  vain,— 

Faith  flings  the  portal  wide, 
And  shows  the  lost  one  smiling  stand, 

Just  on  the  other  side." 

— Fi'ances  L.  Mace. 


IN    RETROSPECT 


I  think  of  I 
iiams.  as  1  re; 
John   (i.  Whi 


[y  only  brother,  Seth  Oliver  Wil- 
d  those  lines  of  the  Quaker  poet, 


'0  Time  and  Change — with  hair  as  gray 

As  was  my  sire's  that  winter  day, 

How  strange  it  seems,  with  so  much  gone 

Of  life  and  love,  to  still  live  on ; 

Ah,  bi'other ;  only  I  and  thou 

Are  left  of  all  that  circle  now, — 

The  dear  home  faces  whereupon 

That  fitful  firelight  paled  and  shone. 

Henceforward,  listen  as  we  will. 

The  voices  of  that  hearth  are  still; 

Look  where  we  may,  the  wide  earth  o'er. 

Those  lighted  faces  smile  no  more. 

We  tread  the  paths  their  feet  have  worn. 

We  sit  beneath  their  oi'chard-trees. 

We  hear,  like  them,  the  hum  of  bees 

And  rustle  of  the  bladed  corn ; 

We  turn  the  pages  that  they  read, 

Their  written  words  we  linger  o'er, 

But  in  the  sun  they  cast  no  shade, 

Xo  voice  is  heard,  no  sign  is  made, 

No  stc])  is  on  the  conscious  floor; 

Yet  Love  will  dream,  and  Faith  will  trust, 

(Since  He  who  knows  our  need  is  .iust). 

That  somehow,  somewhere,  meet  we  must. 

Alas  for  him  Avho  never  sees 

The  stai-s  sliine  tlirough  his  e.vpress  trees; 

Who,   ho])e]ess,   lays  his   dead  away. 

Nor  looks  to  see  the  breaking  day 

Across  the  mournful  marbles  play ; 

Who  hath  not  learned,  in  hours  of  faith. 

The  truth  to  flesh  and  sense  unknown, 
Tliat  Life  is  ever  lord  of  Death, 

And  Love  can  never  lose  its  own." 

— John  O.  Whittier,  in  "Snowbound." 


HAIL,    L[Ff]    EVERLASTING 


"And  this  is  the  victory  tluit  ovcrtMiineth  tht 
world,  even  our  faith." — I  John  5:4. 


■'Eye  hath  not  seen,  nor  ear  heard,  neither 
hath  it  entered  into  the  lieart  of  man  to  con- 
ceive, the  things  that  God  hath  prepared  for 
them  that  love  him." — II  Corinthians  2:9. 

—Pan). 


A   (QUAKER  y   BROAD   CHARITY 

'Stil!  Thy  love,  0  Chi'ist  arisen, 
Yearns  to  reach  these  souls  in  prison! 
Through  all  depths  of  sin  and  loss 
Drops  the  phimmet  of  Thy  cross! 
Never  yet  abyss  was  found 
Deeper  than  that  cross  could  sound." 

^John  G.  Whittici 


THE   BEST   AUTHORITY 


'  I  am  the  Resurrection  and  the  Life :  He  that 
believeth  in  me,  though  he  were  dead,  yet  shall 
he  live ;  and  he  that  liveth  and  believeth  in  me 
shall  never  die." 

— Jolm  11 :2.j-2(5.    Jesus  Christ,  Ennnanuel. 


END    OF    PART    EIGHT 


THE  WILLIAMS  HISTORY 


PART  NINE 


MAUSOLEUMS 


Why  a  ilausoleum  Section  in  a  genealogical 
work?  Two  philosophical  reasons:  The  first  is 
that  Milton  F.  Williams,  the  author,  and  his 
good  wife  are  to  be  buried  in  Valhalla  Ceme- 
tery in  the  mausoleum,  believing  that  it  is  the 
most  up-to-date  way  to  be  buried — most  sani- 
tary way  from  every  point  of  view,  and  as  we 
own  a  lot  in  Valhalla  Cemetery,  and  there  is 
no  certainty  about  where  a  man's  family  Avill 
be  buried,  I  have  purchased  ciypts  in  Valhalla 
for  myself  and  wife  in  the  mausoleum.  I  was 
so  impressed  by  the  pamphlet  issued  by  the 
Valhalla  Cemetery  Association,  entitled  "A 
Step  Forward  in  Civilization,"  that  1  was  im- 
bued with  the  idea  of  havinj;  a  section  of  this 
work  devoted  to  mausoleums. 

Nearly  all  modern  cities  liavc  a  crematory 
for  reducing  human  bodies  to  aslies,  and  at  a 
cost  no  greater  than  earth  burial. 

During  the  last  20  years  a  detei'mined  ef- 
fort has  been  made  to  force  cremation  upon 
the  public  from  a  strict  sanitary  and  utilitarian 
standpoint.  No  progress  has  been  made  in  this 
direction  for  the  past  ten  years.  Theories  may 
be  advanced  in  its  favor,  but  in  practice  the 
shock  to  the  surviving  friends  sei-ve.s  only  to 
increase  their  sorroA\-  and  lessen  the  honor  due 
the  memory  of  those  who  have  gone  befoi'e.  As 
a  result,  for  the  past  few  years,  the  idea  of 
mausoleums  for  community  purposes  has  grown 
in  public  favor.  Never  has  any  other  method 
of  interment  so  commended  itself  to  the  Amer- 
ican public.  The  private  mausoleum  is,  how- 
ever, a  thing  only  possible  for  the  wealthy,  and 
at  the  same  time  fails  to  meet  many  of  the  ob- 
jections which  can  be  raised  to  earth  burial 
both  from  sanitary  and  other  standpoints.  The 
private  mausoleum  with  all  of  its  expense  and 


grandeur,  is  seldom  sanitaiy,  and  leaves  the 
sorrowing  friends  ))oth  at  the  last  sad  rites 
and  at  other  times  as  well,  exposed  to  wind  and 
weather — precisely  the  same  as  the  open  grave. 
Fully  realizing  this  situation,  Valhalla  Ceme- 
tery, located  in  St.  Louis  County,  where  Mil- 
ton F.  Williams  and  his  Mife  are  to  be  laid  away 
to  rest,  has  planned  the  erection  of  a  granite, 
marble  and  bronze  building  for  community  use, 
which  is  one  of  the  most  magnificent  buildings 
of  its  kind  ever  erected  in  the  United  States, 
and  yet  the  use  of  it  is  within  the  reach  of 
those  in  moderate  cii'cumstanees. 

In  presenting  this  building  to  the  public,  they 
can  guarantee  and  have  guaranteed  both  abso- 
lute sanitation  and  real  comfort  at  all  times 
for  friends  who  desire  to  visit  the  last  resting 
place  of  their  dear  ones.  This  building  is  pro- 
vided with  a  most  beautiful  marble  chapel,  in 
wliieh  the  services  attending  the  burial  can  be 
held  free  from  storm  and  winter  blasts,  some- 
thing whicli  eainiot  lie  provided  in  a  private 
mausoleum. 

Tlie  white  marble  is  cheerful  in  appearance 
and  affords  ample  space  upon  the  front  of  each 
tomb  for  appropi'iate  recoi'ds  of  those  who 
sleep  within. 

A  philosopher  once  said  to  his  friend,  "There 
are  only  two  real  objects  in  life:  to  create 
happiness  and  to  lessen  sorrow."  His  friend 
replied:  "You  have  named  but  one.  The  only 
way  to  lessen  sorrow  is  to  create  happiness." 
There  comes  a  time  in  the  lives  of  all  of  us  when 
we  have  done  all  in  human  power  for  those 
who  are  dearest  to  us ;  all  that  remains  to  com- 
fort our  hearts  is  to  do  what  we  can  to  honor 
their  memory. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


The  progress  of  a  nation  has  mvariably  been 
marked  by  increased  respect  shown  to  the  mem- 
ory of  the  dead.  Our  knowledge  of  the  ancient 
civilization  of  Egyj^t,  Babylon,  Greece  and  even 
Rome  is  largely  due  to  the  literature,  inscrip- 
tions "and  sculpture  found  in  and  on  the  tombs 
of  their  kings,  heroes,  princes  and  martyrs. 
Thus  have  been  preserved  the  stories  which 
from  generation  to  generation  have  inspired 
the  nations  to  fight  for  liberty,  to  seek  justice, 
and  sacrifice  their  lives  for  the  common  good. 
A  nation's  decay  has  invariably  been  marked 
by  the  desecration  of  these  places  made  sacred 
by  association. 


to  think  of  following  the  then  connnon  custom 
of  burying  in  the  ground,  and  the  erection  of 
this  building,  which  she  called  her  "mauso- 
leum," set  an  example  and  gave  a  name  which 
has  survived  to  this  day. 

This  mausoleum  is  at  Halicarnassus,  a  city  of 
Greece,  in  the  old  Kingdom  of  Caria,  at  the 
head  of  the  Gulf  of  Cos,  where  the  little  Turk- 
ish town  of  Budrum  now  stands.  At  that  time, 
380  B.  C,  the  King  Hecatomnus  had  two  beau- 
tiful children,  Mausolus  and  Artemisia,  and  ac- 
cording to  the  custom  in  the  royal  family  of 
('aria,  Mhen  the,v  grew  ui)  they  were  married. 


s9 — Monument  to  King  Mausolus 


The  term  mausoleum,  which  eventually  be- 
came the  almost  universal  name  of  all  above- 
ground  resting  places  of  the  dead,  comes  from 
a  magnificent  building,  shown  in  Cut  No.  289, 
and  described  as  follows: 

MAUSOLEU:\I  AT  HALICARNASSUS 

This  monument  was  erected  853  years  before 
Christ  by  Queen  Artemisia  as  a  tomb  for  and 
in  honor  of  King  Mausolus.  (I  judge  that  all 
mausoleums  traced  along  down  the  line  de- 
rived their  name  "mausoleum"  from  King 
]\Iausolus.)     His  bereaved  wife  could  not  1)ear 


At  the  death  of  Hecatomnus  in  377  B.  C,  Mau- 
solus and  his  sister-wife  began  their  reign, 
which  continued  24  years,  until  the  death  of 
King  Mausolus  in  353  B.  C.  The  one  great 
thought  in  the  mind  of  Queen  Artemisia  was  to 
lionor  her  ))rothev-husband,  and  she  began  at 
once  this  monument,  which  is  called  one  of  the 
seven  -\\onders  of  the  world.  The  most  re- 
nowned architects  Satyrus  and  Pythius  were 
engaged,  an>l  it  was  Pythius  who  sculptured 
the  famous  gi-onp  of  four  horses  with  chariot 
containing  a  giant  figure  of  ^lausolus  which 
surmounted  the  torn)).  Four  foremost  sculptors 
of  that   day :   Scopas,   Leochai'es,   Br.vaxis   and 


TOMB    OF    KING    MAUSOLUS 


Tiinotheiis,  Avcre  given  parts  of  the  sides  to 
adorn,  and  strove  to  surpass  each  other  in  the 
beauty  of  their  designs.  The  foundation  was 
laid  on  the  solid  rock  and  measured  127  feet 
east  to  west  by  108  feet  north  to  south,  on 
which  stood  the  base  of  the  tomb,  which  Avas 
a  hundred  and  fourteen  feet  by  ninety-two  feet. 
Above  the  base  rose  thirty-six  tinted  Ionic  col- 
umns spaced  ten  and  one-half  feet  apart  and 
thirty-three  Greek  feet  high,  supporting  the 
■wonderful  frieze  on  which  the  greatest  artists 
of  the  ancient  world  endeavored  to  perpetuate 


burial    and     block    the     entrance.      The    total 
height  was  one  hundred  and  forty  feet. 

After  A\'ithstanding  the  eft'ects  of  time  for 
over  1700  years  a  severe  earthcpiake,  some  time 
before  1402  A.  D.,  shook  the  mansoleum,  hurl- 
ing the  chariot  group  far  to  the  noi'th.  The 
pyramid  collapsed,  and  the  friezes  fell  amid 
the  ruins  and  were  broken.  In  1402  A.  D.,  the 
Knights  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem  took  Hali- 
carnassus,  and  built  the  fortress  of  St.  Peter, 
which  is  still  standing.  They  used  the  ruins 
of  this  tomb  for  the  blocks  of  stone  they  need- 


their  fame.  Above  tlie  frieze  was  the  pyi-;iniid 
of  twentA-four  steps,  ending  in  a  platform 
twenty-two  feet  by  seventeen  and  a  half  feet, 
supporting  the  famous  chariot  group  that  was 
the  crowning  glory  of  the  tomb.  The  four 
horses  were  each  twelve  feet  long  and  attached 
to  the  chariot  with  bronze  harnesses.  The  char- 
iot wheels  were  seven  feet  seven  inches  in  diam- 
eter. In  the  chariot  stood  a  marble  statue  of 
jMausolus  nine  feet  ten  iiu-hes  tall. 


The  sepulch 
and  a  huge  sti 


was  in  the  basement 
iged  to  f;dl  after  th( 


ed  and  converted  many  of  the  priceless  marble 
statues  into  lime  for  cement.  As  they  removed 
the  stone  foi-ming  the  pyramid,  thej^  came  to  the 
innei-  sepulchre  containing  a  vase  and  helmet 
of  white  mai-lde  and  very  beautiful,  which  they 
did  not  open.  When  thej'  returned  after  a  few 
days  they  found  the  lid  of  the  sepulchre  had 
been  removed  and  the  tomb  rifled  of  its  treas- 
ui'e.  probably  by  pirates. 

In  1846  thii-teen  sculptures  were  sent  to  the 
British  ilusenm  by  the  British  Ambassador  to 
Constantinople. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


In  January,  1857,  Mr.  Charles  T.  Newton 
began  the  work  of  excavation  for  the  British 
Museun  and  collected  all  the  fragments  that 
had  escaped  the  hands  of  the  destructive 
Knights,  so  that  a  fairly  accurate  reproduction 
has  been  drawn  .of  this  i\oiiderful  monument 
erected  b\-  Queen  Artemisia  for  her  brother- 
husband. 

The  beautifully  sculptui'ed  frieze  bands  de- 
picted scenes  of  war  in  which  Amazonian  fig- 
ures fought  with  Greeks  and  other  nations. 

This  was  fitting,  since  Queen  Artemisia  was 
a  leader  in  battle  with  her  husband,  and  cora- 


Hut  once  when  the  barbarians  threatened 
Rome,  the  statues  and  ornaments  were  torn 
off  and  hurled  down  on  the  heads  of  the  in- 
vading hosts  to  keep  them  from  crossing  the 
bridge.  They  crossed  it  in  spite  of  this  resist- 
ance and  sacked  the  city.  The  precious  statues 
were  left  lying  broken  upon  the  ground  to  be 
covered  deeper  and  deeper  with-  soil  every 
year. 

In  the  sixteenth  century  they  dug  up  the 
head  of  the  statue  of  Hadrian,  and  it  is  now  in 
the  Vatican  Museum.  But  there  was  no  longer 
a  place  for  the  statue  on  the  top  of  the  raauso- 


Cut   No.    290 — Taj    Mahal,    Agra    India 


manded  ships  against  the  Greeks  as  did  Cleo- 
patra centuries  later. 

ilAUSOLEUM  OF  EMPEROR  HADRIAN 

Cut  No.  289A  shows  a  mausoleum  built  by 
the  Emperor  Hadrian  on  the  bank  of  the  River 
Tiber  in  Rome,  over  1700  years  ago.  The 
mausoleum  is  an  immense  round  building,  1000 
feet  in  circumference.  In  ancient  days  it  was 
covered  with  Parian  marble  and  adorned  with 
statues  and  wonderful  columns  of  marble  and 
porphyi-y.  At  the  top  .stood  a  gigantic  statue 
of  the  emperor. 


leum.  It  was  no  longer  even  called  by  the 
name  of  Hadrian.  In  the  sixth  century  a 
plague  had  devastated  Rome.  One  day,  while 
the  awful  sickness  was  at  its  height,  the  Pope 
Gregory  was  leading  a  procession  across  the 
bridge  to  pray  to  Heaven  for  relief.  Suddenly 
he  saw — or  thought  he  saw — a  wonderful 
vision : 

On  the  empty  pinnacle  of  Hadrian's  great 
tomb  stood  the  Archangel  Michael.  He  was 
sheathing  his  sword  as  a  sign  that  the  visita- 
tion of  death  was  ended.  That  day  the  plague 
abated,   ai\d   a    statue   of  the    archangel    Avas 


WESTMINSTER    ABBEY 


placed  where  the  vision  had  stood.  And  now 
the  great  cireuhir  stnu'ture  that  Hadrian  built 
is  called  "The  Castle  of  San  Angelo" — that  is, 
of  the  Holy  Angel. 

TAJ  MAHAL.  AGRA,  INDIA 

Cut  No.  290  represents  "Taj  :Mahal,"  Agra, 
India,  erected  in  1634  to  1651,  which  cost 
$20,000,000.  The  most  famous  as  well  as  most 
beautiful  building  ever  erected  by  man  is  the 
"Taj  Mahal"  at  Agra,  India,  begun  in  1634, 
by  Shah  Jahan,  to  mark  his  love  for  his  wife, 
who  died  during  the  second  year  of  his  reign. 


crumbling  a^\ay  and  would  soon  have  to  be 
]-enewed,  as  thej'  were  several  hundred  years 
old.  In  this  edifice  of  Avorship  and  burial  the 
party  I  was  A^'ith  saw  a  congregation  at  wor- 
ship :  I  presume  there  were  100  visitors  in  our 
party,  and  there  were  two  other  parties  etiually 
as  large — all  sight-seers  and  eager  to  learn  the 
history  of  the  old  abbey.  Some  would  sit  down 
and  worship,  while  others  went  visiting  and 
sight-seeing  around  in  the  different  ells  and 
wings  of  the  old  abbey,  so  as  to  have  it  to  say 
that  the.v  had  been  to  Westminster  Abbey,  and 
could  tell  about  it  to  their  children  and  grand- 
chiklren.     This  was  in  1900. 


Cut    No.    291 — Westminster    Abbey,    London 


(Cut  No.  290.1  it  required  20,000  men  seven- 
teen years  to  construct  this  tomlj,  at  an  esti- 
mated cost  of  $20,000,000.  The  "Taja"  is  186 
feet  square,  and  its  dome  rises  to  the  height  of 
220  feet. 

west:\iinster  abbey,  London 

Cut  No.  291  represents  Westminster  Abbe.v, 
situated  in  the  heart  of  London,  England, 
which  M.  F.  Williams  had  the  opportunity  of 
visiting  and  being  shown  through  both  the  old 
abl)ey  and  the  new.  The  older  building  may 
have  been  renewed  partly  since  I  liad  the  pleas- 
ure  of   seeing   it,   for   the   Gothic   arches  were 


LINCOLN'S    TOMB,    SPRINGFIELD,    ILL. 

Cut  No.  292  shows  Lincoln's  tomb,  Spring- 
field, 111.  We  have  visited  Lincoln's  tomb.  I 
have  been  at  Lincoln's  tomb  upon  more  than 
one  occasion.  It  is  hardly  necessary  to  de- 
scribe the  greatness  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  who 
was  born  in  Kentucky,  also  in  a  log  house,  then 
while  a  babe  moved  to  Indiana  in  the  back- 
woods days,  became  a  boatman,  taking  produce 
down  the  Wabash  River  into  the  Ohio  River, 
and  from  the  Ohio  to  the  Mississippi,  and 
thence  to  New  Orleans.  Lincoln,  who  finally 
moved  to  Springfield,  111.,  lived  there  at  the 
time  he  was  elected  to  the  presidency  in  1861. 


1'HE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Lincoln's  greatness  is  known  throughout  the 
world.  The  unpretentious  lawyer,  "the  rail- 
splitter,"  a  self-made  man,  a  God-fearing  man. 
A  few  years  ago  my  wife  and  I  were  at  the 
Springfield  Agricultural  Fair  with  some  friends 
and  Avhile  there  we  visited  the  old  Lincoln  man- 
sion. The  attendant  happened  to  remark  about 
the  different  volumes  on  Abraham  Lincoln.  He 
stated  he  knew  a  man,  a  lawyer  in  Milwaukee, 
Wis.,  who  was  a  great  admirer  of  Abraham 
Lincoln,  and  bought  every  book  that  ho  could 


Cut   Xo.    29  2 — Lincoln's    Tomb,    Springfield.    Ills. 

hear  of  upon  Abraham  Lincoln,  and  that  he 
possessed  then  over  3500  volumes  about  the 
life  and  character  of  Abraham  Lincoln. 

GRANT'S   TOMB,    NEW  YORK   CITY 

Cut  No.  293  represents  U.  S.  Grant's  tomb 
upon  Riverside  Drive,  in  New  York  City,  upon 
an  elevation  overlooking  the  Hudson  River.  I 
have  been  at  Grant's  tomb.  General  Grant, 
Ulysses  S.  Grant,  who  was  born  in  Ohio,  lived 
at  one  time  in  Galena,  111. ;  later  he  lived  upon 
the  Grant  farm  in  St.  Louis  County,  Mo.,  now 
owned  by  the  Anheuser-Busch  estate.  Grant's 
log  cabin  was  exhibited  at  the  St.  Louis 
World's  Pair  in  1904,  and  has  been  exhibited 
at  a  number  of  fairs  and  expositions.  This 
cabin  now  stands  upon  the  "old  Grant  Farm" 
on  the  Gravois  road  in  St.  Louis  County,  and 


from  that  farm  General  Grant  cut  oordwood 
and  hauled  it  into  the  city  of  St.  Louis  2.5  or 
30  years  ago.  I  have  seen  the  old  Grant  wagon, 
a  ramshackle  wagon,  so  old  and  dilapidated 
and  tied  up  with  wire  that  it  got  to  be  a  great 
sight  at  our  St.  Louis  Fair,  and  when  brought 
into  the  city  it  created  a  great  deal  of  excite- 
ment. At  the  time  General  Grant. had  become 
our  greatest  General  in  the  wai'  of  1861  to  '65, 
the  rebellion  of  the  Southern  Confederacy, 
General  Grant  became  the  sti-ong  arm  of  Abra- 


Cut  No.  293 — U.  S.  Grants  Tomb,  New  York  City 

ham  Lincoln.  Upon  one  occasion  he  said:  "I 
would  to  God  in  these  trying  times  that  we  had 
more  General  Ulysses  S.  Grants.  Grant  is  help- 
ing to  save  the  country,  and  God  grant  that  he 
does ! ' ' 


GARFIELD'S   TOMB,   CLEVELAND,   OHIO 

Cut  No.  294  represents  Garfield's  tomb  in 
Cleveland,  Ohio.  James  A.  Garfield  was  one  of 
our  martja-ed  Presidents.  He  was  an  Ohioan 
and  died  September  19,  1881.  Garfield  was  shot 
July  2, 1881,  by  an  assassin  named  Guiteau,  in 
the  Union  Station  in  the  city  of  Washington,  D. 
C.  In  said  station,  where  the  blood  of  Gar- 
field ran  upon  the  floor,  there  is  a  stone  mark- 
ing the  place  and  the  date.  I  have  seen  the 
stone  with  my  own  eyes,  and  also  have  lived  to 
remember  the  incident. 


OUR  MARTYRED   PRESIDENTS 


McKINLEY'S  TOMB.  CANTON.  OHIO 

Cut  No.  295  shows  William  B.  McKinley's 
tomb,  Canton,  Ohio,  a  most  l)eautiful  nionu- 
ineiit,  to  our  martyred  President,  who  was  shot 
September  6.  1901,  by  a  cowardly  assassin 
named  Leon  Czolgosz.  at  the  Pan-American 
Exposition  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  Avho,  on  pretense 
of  Mishing-  to  shake  hands  with  the  Presi- 
dent, had  a  small  pistol  wrapped  in  a  handker- 
chief, and  when  IMcKinley  put  out  his  hand  to 


Cut   Xo.    29  4 — Garfield's   Tomb.   Cleveland,    Ohio 


shake,  the  assassin  shot  him,  from  which  wound 
he  died  September  14,  1901.  ilcKinley  was 
ejected  President  twice— in  il896  and  T900. 
His  popularity  was  very  great.  He  was  visit- 
ed at  his  home.  Canton,  Ohio,  by  delegation 
after  delegation,  train  load  after  train  load. 
His  fence  was  destroyed.  His  yard  was  tram- 
pled. He  came  upon  his  portico  with  his  Avife. 
He  made  speeches  to  the  crowds,  as  many  as 
five  in  one  day.  The  people  went  wild  with 
enthusiasm  over  the  election  of  Wni.  McKin- 
ley,  who  died  from  the  pistol  wound,  as  ex- 
plained above,  when  he  was  filling  his  second 
term  of  office.  He  was  succeeded  by  Theo- 
dore Roosevelt,  who  finished  out  the  term,  was 
elected  to  serve  a  second  term,  and  Avho  died 
January  6,  1919. 


CAMPO  SANTO.   GENOA,  ITALY 

Cut  No.  296  represents  a  mausoleum  and  a 
burying  place  in  the  hilly  country  of  Italy. 
It  is  know  n  as  Campo  Santo,  Genoa,  Italy.  It 
is  quite  extensive  with  its  columns,  its  colon- 
nades, its  beautiful  tombs,  its  surroundings  of 
white  marble  showing  great  architecture  in 
marble  and  also  in  art,  to  such  an  extent  that 
it  should  have  a  worthy  place  in  the  line  of 
mausoleums. 


Cut    Xo.    295 — McKinley's    Tomb,    Canton,    Ohi 


GRAND  VIEW  MAUSOLEUM,  ALTON,  ILL. 

Cut  No.  297  represents  Grand  View  Mauso- 
leum, located  upon  a  prominence  in  Alton,  111., 
Alton  being  25  miles  up  the  Mississippi  River 
from  the  city  of  St.  Louis.  The  most  of  the 
city  of  Alton  is  mounted  upon  a  very  high 
bluff,  a  poi'tion  of  which  overlooks  the  river 
and  this  bluff,  except  the  top  soil,  is  one  solid 
rock  of  limestone.  Taking  a  river  trip  above 
Alton  shows  the  prominent  bluffs,  150  to  400 
feet  high,  for  many  miles  up  the  Mississippi 
River,  almost  as  far  north  as  the  confluence  of 
the  Illinois  River,  near  Grafton,  where  once  the 
Grafton  quarries  of  sandstone  were  famous. 
But  since  concrete  has  come  into  almost  uni- 
versal u.se,  sandstone  and  other  quarries  have 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


nearly  lost,  their  usefulness.  Along  this  blufif, 
above  the  city  of  Alton,  are  several  of  the  Wil- 
liams celebrated  crushers,  reducing  limestone 
for  farmers'  use  and  for  many  other  purposes 


thanks  to  the  good  Lord,  for  a  number  of  years 
the  water  is  now  filtered  to  such  an  extent  that 
it  is  as  clear  as  crystal.  At  the  city  of  Alton, 
during  the  late  unpleasantness,  fi'oni  1861  to 


Cut    Xo.    296 — Campo    Santo,    Genoa,    Italy 


-Grand    View    Mausoleum,    Alton, 


At  the  city  of  Alton  is  a  railroad  bridge,  and 
just  below  Alton,  the  Missouri  River  flows  into 
the  Mississippi,  and  the  Missouri  furnishes  all 
the  muddy  water  for  the  city  of  St.  Louis,  but, 


"65,  is  whei'o  the  great  abolitionist,  Elijali  P. 
Lovejoy,  who  originally  or  first  during  the  war 
of  the  Confederacy,  started  his  printing  press 
in  St.  Louis  to  print    his    anti-slavery  paper. 


ALTON,  ILLINOIS 


The  pro-slavery  men  pressed  him  so  strongly  marble  monument  to  the  memory  of  the  mar- 
that  he  left  and  moved  to  Alton.  Even  in  Al-  tyred  Lovejoy,  and  my  wife  and  self  happened 
ton,  after  he  got  his  publication  under  way.  a  to  be  in  Alton  upon  the  day  that  the  colored 
mob  one  night  attacked  his  printing  shop  and  people  had  their  celebration.     At  a  time  many 


Alton   Mausoleum   Chapel 


-Mausoleum  in  Toronto,   Canada 


threw  his  prcs;cH  in  the  Jlississippi  River,  and 
after  that  time  shortl.y  he  was  murdered  in  cold 
blood.  Nearly  fifty  years  afterwards,  the  col- 
ored people   and   his  friends   erected   a   white 


years  ago,  when  St.  Louis  was  ver.y  young,  it 
is  said  that  letters  would  be  addressed  to  Mi'. 
John  Smith,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  near  Alton;  now  it 
is  almost  the  reverse:  Alton,  111.,  near  St.  Louis. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Cut  No.  298  shows  aii  interior  of  the  mauso- 
leum ehapel  of  the  city  of  Alton,  111.  Each 
mausoleum  has  its  own  chapel  for  service  in 
any  kind  of  weather.  When  cold  and  storm.y 
and  a  blizzard  outside,  the  mausoleums  are 
heated  in  the  same  manner  as  a  residence  or 


of  the   liistory   thereof,   but    it's   in    line   with 
other  up-to-date  cities  having  mausoleums. 

MAUSOLEUM  AT  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

Cut  No.  300  represents  a  mausoleum  at  Buf- 
falo, N.  Y.     While  I  have  been  to  Buffalo  many 


Hill    Mausoleum,    Chicago 


building,  making  it  very  comfortable  inside  at 
all  times,  or  in  the  most  inclement  weather. 

MAUSOLEUM  AT  TORONTO,  CANADA 

Cut  No.  299  is  a  mausoleum  in  Toronto,  Can- 
ada, of  which  the  writer  and  editor  knows  not 


times,  at  none  of  these  visits  was  I  in  search  of 
mausoleums  or  burying  places.  I  was  in  search 
of  something  from  which  business  is  connected 
and  from  which  to  derive  the  filthy  lucre  to 
jiroduce  bread  and  butter. 


CHICAGO,  ILLINOIS 


ROSE    HILL   MAUSOLEUil,    CHICAGO 

Cut  No.  301  represents  Rose  Hill  Mausoleum 
of  Chicag'O,  HI.  This  is  one  which  I  have  never 
visited.     Therefore  the  wi'iter  has  very  little  to 


leuni.  The  author  upon  mausoleums  fails  to 
give  the  address  or  place  where  it  is  located, 
but  I  should  judge  from  its  appearance  to  be 
Springfield,   111.,   near  Lincoln's  tomb.     A  few 


Cut   Xo.   302 — Interior  of 


Cut  Xc 


-Exterio 


mausoleum 


say  i-egarding  it,  and  w 
fo7-  its  own  description. 


leave  its  aiipearance     years  ago  we  visited  this  mausoleum,  being  the 
first  one  we  had  ever  visited,  and,  in  fact,  at 
Cut  No.  302  represents  a    section  of   the  in-     that  time  I  scarcely  knew  what  a  mausoleum 
teiior  of  a  vei'v  extensive  eommiuiitv  mauso-     was. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Without  goiiig  further  into  the  history  of 
mausoleums,  which  in  itself  is  a  most  interest- 
ing study,  both  from  an  architectural  and  sci- 
entie  viewpoint,  suffice  it  to  say  that  during 
the  early  history  of  the  United  States,  life  was 
a  struggle  for  the  bare  necessities  of  existence. 
Subsequently,  in  our  mad  rush  for  supremacy 


VALHALLA  CEMETERY,  ST.  LOUIS 

Cut  No.  'WS  shows  a  perspective  of  Valhalla 
Cemetery  in  St.  Louis  County.  The  half  tone 
was  made  from  a  cut  in  the  history  book  of 
Valhalla,  but  the  real  mausoleum  is  much  more 
beautiful,  as  it  is  faced  with  marble  and  is  a 


Cut   No.    303 — Mausoleum   at   Valhalla    Cemeiery,    St. 


Cut  No.   304 — Entrance  to  Valhalla  Cemet 


Louis  County 


in  commerce,  literature,  art  and  science,  the 
subject  of  a  better  method  of  taking  care  of 
the  dead  has  been  given  no  marked  considera- 
tion. This  sanitary  method  of  interment  hav- 
ing been  made  possible  by  recent  inventions  has 
provided  us  moans  to  sanitarily  care  for  the 
dead  and  is  being  adopted. 


thing  of  bpaut> 
joy  forever. 


and  for  some  I  trust  will  be  a 


Cut  No.  304  shows  the  entrance  to  Valhalla 
Cemetery,  a  beautiful  entrance,  located  upon 
tlie  St.  Louis  and  St.  Charles  Railway,  out  in 
St.  Louis  County.    The  St.  Charles  Rock  Road 


MEMORIAL    AMPHITHEATER,   WASHINGTON 


is  a  beautiful  drive  in  the  eouuty,  and  passes 
the  Valhalla  entrance,  which  makes  one  of  the 
show  places  in  that  locality,  as  there  are  other 
cemeteries  in  that  vicinity  of  different  denom- 
inations. In  the  front  fence  or  enclosure  of 
Valhalla,  each  concrete  post  is  covered  with  a 
beautiful  urn,  and  in  the  summer  season  these 
urns  are  kept  full  of  fragrant  flowering  plants. 

Valhalla  Cemetery  is  fast  becoming  one  of 
the  most  beautiful  cemeteries  in  the  western 
country.  No  expense  has  been  spared  in  the 
erection  of  their  mausoleum  to  create  a  build- 
ing both  permanent  and  beautiful  and  far  be- 
yond anything  attempted  elsewhere  in  the  Uni- 
ted States,  and  it  will  justify  that  claim. 

A  GRAND  A:MERI('AN  MONUMENT 

(Clipping  from  the   GIobe-Dcmocrat,   May   17,   1920.) 

One  of  the  patriotic  date-marks  of  the  greatest  of 
republics  was  Saturday,  May  15,  1920.  It  witnessed 
the  dedication  at  Washington  of  the  Memorial  Am- 
phitheater, erected  in  the  .\rlington  National  Cem- 
etery, where  rest  26,C00  soldiers  and  sailors  of  the 
United    States    who    responded    to    the    call    of    their 


country  when  the  question  arose  if  any  government 
so  founded  could  sustain  itself  against  enemies  that 
might  arise.  Overlooking  the  capital  and  the  Poto- 
mac, the  amphitheater,  which  has  cost  over  $1,000,000, 
is  a  commanding  feature  in  itself  and  will  be  pe:pet. 
ually  a  noble  reminder  to  every  true  .'\merica:i. 
There  rest,  in  equal  honor,  famous  generals  and 
admirals,  along  with  many  who  d'ed  in  battle  and 
rest  now  under  a  slab  marked  simply  "Unknown," 
but  what  they  did  and  what  they  typify  is  immortal. 
A  soldier  or  sailor  may  repose  there  with  his  wife 
beside  him,  but  there  is  not  wealth  enough  in  the 
world  to  gain  entrance  for  one  who  has  not  in  some 
of  our  wars  enlisted  under  the  national  flag. 

The  veterans  cf  the  Grand  .'^rmy  of  the  Republic 
conducted  the  dedicatory  exercises  and  it  must,  ac- 
cording to  the  years  of  mankind,  be  one  of  the  last 
occasions  that  can  find  them  assembled  for  a  general 
patriotic  observance.  Last  month  passed  away  2817 
Civil  War  soldiers  and  2060  Civil  War  widows. 

No  nation  has  ever  had  a  more  inspiring  memorial 
structure. 


END  PART  NINE 


THE  WILLIAMS  HISTORY 


PART  TEN 


APPENDIX 


Note— This  data  isolating-  to  Ww  Williams 
family  was  dug  up  by  my  agents  and  searchers 
in  England  and  America,  and  is  of  interest, 
although  some  items  do  not  pertain  directly  to 
my  branch  of  the  AVilliams  family.  Other  items 
were  received  too  late  to  be  inserted  in  their 
proper  place  in  this  history. 

:\nLTOX  F.  WILLIAMS. 


AVILLS  OF  VARIOUS  EDWAKl)  WILLIAMS 

(Ry  Constance  White  of  London,  England) 

Wills  and  Administrations  in  the  Prerogative 
Court  of  Canterbury,   England 


Date.  A.  D. 


1680  to  1705 


Kefcrcnce 


(1.)   1687.     Williams,    E.iwanl,    Kent,    Aug., 
*-Administration. 

(2.)   1601.     Williams,   Edward,   Surrey,  Dec. 
*-Admiiiistration. 

(;].)    16112.    Williams,  E.hvard,  London,  April. 
'-Administration. 

(4.)    16114.     Williams,  Edward,  Parts*\  Feb. 


Edward,  Parts 


Oct. 


(.5.)    I(i!l4.     Wi 
17f)  Box. 

(6.)   1697.     Williams.  Edwaid,  Parts*',  Oct. 
217  Pyne. 

(7.^   160(1.        Williams,      Edward,      London, 
March.     52  Pett. 

(8.)   1702.        Williams,      Edward,      London, 
Ma7-ch.     128  Hern. 


(9.)  170;l  Williams,  Edward,  Parts,  March. 
Administration. 

(10.)  1704.  Williams,  Edward,  Parts,  April. 
Administration. 

(ll.)1704.  Williams,  Edward.  Parts,  April. 
Administration. 

(X.)  1704  (Not  in  the  register),  Williams, 
Edward,  Pai'ts,  Nov.    Administration. 

(X.)  1705.  Not  in  the  register),  Williams, 
Edward,  Feb.    4.3  Gee. 

(12.)  1705.  Williams,  Edward,  Surrey,  Oct. 
Administration. 

*'  "Parts"  mean  at  sea  or  away  from  Eng- 
land. 

*-  ("ailed  ''Administration"'  when  the  person 
died  intestate  and  the  goods,  etc.,  are  granted 
to  neai'cst  of  kin. 


ABSTRACTS 

(I.)  1687.  "15  Aug..  1687.  Administration 
granted  to  Waltei-  Williams,  brother  of  Edward 
Williams,  late  of  Woohvieh,  Kent,  bacheloi', 
deceased." 

(2.)  1601.  "4  Dec,  1691.  Administration  of 
the  goods,  etc.,  of  Edward  Williams,  late  of  the 
pai'ish  of  St.  Mary  Magdaline,  Bermondsey,  in 
Sui-rey,  bachelor,  deceased,  was  granted  to 
Joan  Williams,  mother  of  the  deceased." 

CS.)  1692.  "18  April,  1692.  Administration 
of  the  goods,  etc.,  of  Edward  Williams,  late  of 
the  city  of  London,  bachelor,  deceased,  was 
granted  to  Sidney  Morecroft,  als.  Williams, 
wife  of  Silvester  ]\Ioreci'aft,  sistei'  of  said  de- 
ceased." 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


(4.)  1694.  Will  of  Edward  Williams  of 
Stepney.*  Middlesex,  mariner.  Dated  7  Nov., 
1692.  Sole  Legatee  and  executrix :  Isabell  Low- 
ry,  wife  of  James  Lowry,  of  Stepney,  afore- 
said. Witnesses :  Henry  Fififield,  Edward  Cart- 
wright,  Proved  6  Feb.,  1694,  by  the  sole  execu- 
trix named. 

*A  part  of  London  now. 

(5.)  1694.  Will  of  Edward  Williams  of 
Stepney,  in  Middlesex,  cooper,  belonging  to 
H.  M.  Ship  "Supply."  Dated  8  August,  1689. 
Sole  Legatee  and  Executrix:  My  wife,  Ann 
AVilliams.  Witnesses:  James  Orchard,  Boat- 
swain: Robert  Kirkham,  Lewt.  (Lieutenant); 
Thomas  Winston,  Master.  Proved :  5  Oct., 
1694.  by  the  sole  Executrix  named. 

(6.)  1697.  Will  of  Edward  Williams  of  Tru- 
roc,  Cornwall,  mariner,  now  belonging  to  H.  M. 
Fireship  "St.  Paul."  Dated  8  July,  1697.  Sole 
legatee  and  executrix,  my  friend,  Thomas 
Simpson,  of  Deptford,  Kent,  victualler.  Wit- 
nesses: William  Marshall,  Anthony  Fisher, 
John  Wadham,  Jerome  Collins.  Proved  :  4  Oct., 
1697,  by  the  sole  executor  named. 

(7.)  1699.  Will  of  Edward  Williams  of  Lon- 
don, merchant.     Dated  20  Feb.,  1698. 

To  be  buried  at  Southweald,  near  iJrentwood, 
in  Essex,  in  the  tomli  whei-e  my  late  wife  Eliz- 
abeth lyes. 

All  my  Tenements  and  lands  in  Hudnall  in 
the  parish  of  Edgborough  in  Bucks,  also  all 
lands,  &c.,  in  Studham  in  Hertferodshire,  which 
are  now  in  the  occupation  of  Thomas  Church 
of  Hudnall,  yeoman,  and  others  and  all  tene- 
ments lying  in  Maiden  and  Ampthill  in  Bedford- 
shire, I  bequeath  unto  my  nephew  Edward  Wil- 
liams, citizen  and  vintner  of  London,  and  son 
of  my  brother  Charles  Williams,  late  citizen 
and  painter  stainei'  of  London,  deceased,  sub- 
ject to  the  payment  of  an  annuity  of  £20  unto 
my  brother  John  Williams  of  Whiteington  in 
Shropshire,  to  be  paid  to  him  at  my  dwelling 
house  in  Pepper  St.,  in  Whitechnrch,  Salop. 
And  an  annuity  of  £5  unto  my  sister  in  law 
Esther  King,  now  wife  of  William  King,  citi- 
zen and  painter  stainer  of  London,  to  be  paid 


to  her  at  her  dwelling  house  in  Butcher  Hall 
Lane  in  London.  And  one  other  annuity  of  £5 
unto  Mary  Blake,  spinster  and  sister  to  the  said 
Esther   King. 

My  farm,  called  Brookhouse  and  all  the  lands 
thereto  belonging,  lying  in  Much  Tey  and 
Earles  Coulne  in  Essex,  I  bequeath  unto  my 
daughter-in-law,  Esther  Harrison,  the  now 
wife  of  Thomas  Harrison,  gentleman,  she  pay- 
ing out  of  tl\e  same,  £20  to  Thomas  Butler  of 
Leadenhall  Street.  London,  Gent.  (I  have  been 
on  this  street.— M.  F.  W.;. 

All  my  lands  and  tenements  in  Rat  cliff  High- 
way in  Stepney,  Middlesex,  and  also  all  my 
lands  and  tenements  at  Mile  End,  I  bequeath 
to  my  nephew,  Charles  Williams,  citizen  and 
goldsmith  of  London,  son  of  my  late  brother, 
Charles  Williams,  deceased,  he  paying  out  of 
the  same,  £20  to  the  Master  and  Wardens  of 
the  Company  of  Vintners,  they  to  bestow  it  to 
the  Almswomen  of  the  said  Company.  Also  he 
to  pay  £40  to  the  4  children  of  George  Groome 
of  St.  Paul's  Shadwell,  in  Middlesex,  Taylor, 
son  of  my  late  brother-in-law,  George  Groome, 
of  Hartington  in  Bedfordshire,  Dairyman,  de- 
ceased. And  to  Benjamin  Scrivener,  son  of  my 
late  wife's  former  husband,  Benjamin  Scrive- 
ner, deceased,  £20.  And  to  Hannah  Singleton, 
daughter  of  my  said  late  wife,  ±10. 

To  the  ;i  chiUli'cn  of  Francis  Groome.  de- 
ceased, late  son  of  the  said  George,  the  father, 
£10  each. 

To  my  cousin,  James  Farmer,  of  Harlington, 
Grocer,  and  to  his  now  wife,  20s  each,  and  to 
his  3  children,  James,  Sarah  and  Frances,  £5 
each. 

All  my  freehold  lands  in  Luton  in  Bedford- 
shire I  bc(|ueath  unto  my  nephew  Daniel  Wil- 
liams, son  of  my  said  late  brother  Charles  Wil- 
liams, deceased. 

My  tenement  and  piece  of  ground  lying  in 
Brentwood,  in  Essex,  also  a  meadow  in  the 
same  place  I  bequeath  to  my  niece  Esther  Wil- 
liams, daughter  of  my  said  late  brother,  de- 
ceased. 


ABSTRACTS    OB^    WILLS 


All  my  lands  and  tenements  in  the  parish  of 
Harlington,  Bedfordshire  1  becieauth  to  my  said 
nephew  Charles  Williams. 

The -houses  I  hold  by  lease  in  Butcher  Hall 
Lane.  London,  I  bequeath  to  my  said  niece 
Esther  Williams. 

I  give  £100  to  be  laid  out  in  the  purchase  of 
some  freehold  messuages  to  be  settled  to  the 
uses  following:  to  the  use  of  Anne  Williams, 
daughter  of  my  brother  John  Williams,  for  her 
life  and  after  her  decease,  one  moiety,  to  the 
poor  of  the  parish  of  Whiteehurch  for  ever,  the 
other  moiety  to  the  Schoolmaster  of  the  Free 
school  of  the  said  place,  for  ever,  the  £100  to 
be  paid  upon  trust,  to  Alexander  Dunconibe, 
Thomas  Youde  and  Samuel  Hotehkis. 

To  Thomas  Freeman  and  Mary  his  wife  £10 
each  and  many  other  legacies. 

To  my  niece  Esther  Williams,  a  small  silver 
porringer  marked  E  W  S*  and  two  silver 
spoons  niai-ked  the  same. 

'Possibly  these  initials  might  be  for  Edward 
Shoebridg-e  Williams,  bnt  the  marriage  only 
took  place. 

To  my  daughter-in-law  Esther  Harrison  6 
pairs  of  sheets,  of  hei'  mother's  spinning, 
marked  E  W  E. 

Several  other  bequests. 

Residuary  legatees  and  execut<ii's:  [Nly 
nepliews  Edward  Williams  and  Charles  Wil- 
liams. 

"Codicil  8  March,  1698. 

To  my  nephews,  John  and  Charles  Williams, 
£50.-'    ".     .     .     .      [&c.]  . 

Proved  2.5  ilai-ch,  1699,  by  the  executors 
named. 


[Compare  with  preceding  will.] 

(8.)   1702.    Will  of  Edward  Williams,  citizen 
ind  vintner,  of  London. 

Dated  20  Feb..  1701. 


To  be  buried  at  Southweald  near  Brentwood, 
Essex,  in  the  tomb  wherein  my  Uncle  Edward 
Williams,  late  of  London,  merchant,  lyes. 

All  my  lands  and  tenements  in  Hudnall, 
Bucks,  and  those  in  Studham,  Hertfordshire 
and  also  those  in  Maiden  and  Ampthill,  Bed- 
fordshire, unto  my  brothei'  Daniel  Williams, 
and  his  heirs  for  ever. 

To  my  Aunt  Mary  Blake,  £100. 

To  my  mother  Esther  King,  now  wife  of 
William  King,  citizen  and  painter-stainer  of 
London,  £50. 

To  my  sister  Hester.  £100. 

Many  other  beciuests.     .     .     . 

To  my  brother  Charles  Williams,  citizen  and 
goldsmith  of  London,  £800. 

To  my  father  in  law,  William  King,  £10. 

To  my  sister  Esther,  my  silver  tankard 
■\\hei-eon  is  engraved  my  coat  of  arms. 

Residuary  legatee  and  executor,  my  said 
lirother  Daniel. 

Proved :  6  March,  1702. 


(9.)  170.3.  Administration  of  the  goods  of 
Edward  Williams,  late  of  Landilovanie  in  the 
CO.  of  Coermarthen,  Wales,  was  granted  to  Wil- 
liam Davis.  ]irinci]ial  creditor  of  the  said  de- 
ceased.    April  5th,  170.3. 


(10.)  1704.  Administration  of  the  goods  of 
Edward  Williams,  late  of  the  Ship  Le  Nassaw, 
bachelor,  deceased,  was  granted  to  Joseph 
Wightman,  principal  creditor  of  the  said  de- 
ceased.   11  April,  170-t. 


(11.)  1704.  Admi)iisti'ation  of  the  goods  of 
Edward  Williams,  late  of  New  Bransford  in 
^liddlesex,  deceased,  was  granted  to  Jane  Har- 
I'ison.  principal  creditor  of  the  said  deceased. 
5  April,  1704. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


(!12.)  1705.  Adininistratioii  of  the  goods  of 
Edward  Williams,  late  of  Rotheihithe,  in  Sur- 
rey, but  in  the  Ship  the  l^enjauiin,  deceased, 
was  granted  to  Mary  Williams,  widow,  the 
relict  of  said  deceased.     12  (3ct.,  1705. 


SHOEBRIUGES   OF  WHOM  WILLS  ARE 
TO  BE  FOUND 


(By  Constance  White) 


A.D. 

1637. 
I'idow. 


Anne   Shoobridge,  of  iinxted,   Sussex, 
Proved:  :March  SO.     ref:  44  Goare. 

1649.  Robert  Shoebridge,  of  Tonbridge,Kent, 
l^roved  May  14  by  his  widow  Martha. 

1650.  Christopher  Shobridge,  of  Eaton- 
bridge,  Kent.  Proved:  June  8.  He  had  a  ne- 
phcAv,  also  Christopher  Shobridge. 

No  pedigree  to  be  found.  It  might  be  found 
among  a  Williams  pedigree,  but  it  would  take 
a  very  long  search. 


WILLS  OF  NORTH  WALES,  OF  THE  NAME 
OF   WILLIAMS— 1680   TO   1705 


A.D. 


Reference 


1683.  Nov.,    Williams.    William,    Cornarvon. 
134  Deax. 

1689.  April,  Williams,  Lodovicus,  Cornarvon. 
Administration. 

1694.  Sept.,    Williams,    Griftith,    Flint.      224 
Box. 

1697.  Feb.,    Williams,    Sir   William,    Carnar- 
von.    86  Pyne. 

1699.  Jan.    (See    Absti'act,    p.    2),    Williams. 
Edward,  Cainiarvon.     16  Pett. 

1700.  Feb.,   Williams,   Recce,    Carnavon.     33 
Noel. 

1703.  Oct.    (See    Absti'act,    p.    4),    Williams, 
Richai-d,  Denbigh.   177  Degg. 

1700.  Williams,  David,  Denbig'h.    91  Noel. 


1699.     ABSTRACT  OF  WILL  OP  EDWARD 
WILLIAMS  OF  MEILLEIONYDD,  CAR- 
NARVON.    DATED  1693. 

I  bequeathe  to :  the  Cathedral  Church  of 
Bangor  ilO. 

To  the  church  of  Meilltyrn,  £10.  ' 

Whereas,  I  am  seized  of  a  power  to  dispose 
of  certain  lands  in  Meilltyrn,  Bettgelert,  Bod- 
verin  and  Bryneross  for  any  term  of  years  not 
exceeding  15,  for  the  payment  of  my  debts  and 
prefei'ment  of  my  younger  children,  I  be- 
queathe the  said  lands  unto  my  Wife  Susan 
Williams,  during  the  said  term  of  15  years. 

All  my  messuages  and  lands  in  the  parish 
of  Aberdaron  to  my  Wife  Susan  and  at  her 
decease  to  my  son  Arthur  and  his  heirs  for- 
ever, in  default  of  issue  then  to  my  cousin 
Lumly  Williams  of  Yitimcohvin,  in  Montgom- 
ery, and  his  heirs  for  ever,  in  default  of  issue 
then  to  cousin  Reece  Williams,  In-other  of  the 
said  Lumle,y. 

To  my   daughtei'   Susan   Williams,   £1,000. 

Sole  executi'ix:  Jly  wife  Susan. 

19  Jan.,  1699.  Tlie  daughter  Susannah  Wil- 
liams was  at  this  date  about  19  years  old  and 
her  brother  Arthur  Williams,  18  years  old. 

Proved :  16  Jan.,  1699,  by  Susanna  Williams, 
relict  and  executrix  aforesaid. 


1703.     ABSTRA(  'T  OF  THE  WILL  OF  RICH- 
ARD   WILLIAMS    OF    LLANVOOROG, 
DENBIGHSHIRE,     GENT.      DATED 

27  OCT.,  1689 

Appointed  Ensign  in  a  Hegt.  of  Foot  in  Ire- 
land, commanded  by  the  Eai'l  of  Kingston, 
Capt.  John  Rose,  lie  had  a  brotlicr,  Hugh  Wil- 
liams; a  sister.  Douce  Owen;  cousin,  Thomas 
Owen,  of  Channel  Row,  Westminster.  His  ex- 
ecutors were  his  sister,  Lettice  Jackson,  and 
his  nephew,  Thomas  Owen,  of  Ruthin,  Den- 
bighsh.,  a  vintner.     Proved:  1703. 


WILL    OF    MICHAEL    WILLIAMS 


NOTES  ON  DAVID  WILLIAMS'  WILL.     OF 
GLAX  CYULLETH,  CO.:  DENBIGH 

Kelations  mentioned:  Daughters:  Emme, 
Anne,  Jane,  Sarah  and  Elizabeth  Margaret 
Williams. 

Wife,  Anne,  "my  new  wife."' 

Brother.  Sr.  William  Williams,  Knt. 

Nephews,   William   and  John  Williams. 

Son,  John  Williams 

Son-in-law,  John  Owen,  Es(|.,  and  Lettiee, 
his  wife. 

Executor:  His  wife  Anne. 

Proved:  1700. 


(Absti'acts  of  wills  found  h.y  my  searcher  in 
Loudon,  England,  Con.stanee  White.) 

WILL  OF  MICHAEL  WILLIAMS   OF 
NEWCASTLE,   ENGLAND 

P.  C.  C. :  121  Buckingham. 

Abstract  of  the  will  of  Michael  Williams,  of 
the  parish  of  Newcastle,  in  the  county  of  Gla- 
morgan and  Diocese  of  Landatf,  Esii. 

Dated  17  Nov.,  1720. 

To  my  nephew,  Rees  Robert,  of  the  town  of 
Minehead,  in  the  County  of  Somerset,  my  house 
in  Newcastle,  where  my  sister-in-law,  Mary 
Williams,  doth  now  live,  and  one  other  house, 
called  T.v  Kennoll,  where  one  Morgan  Evan 
now  dwells. 

My  will  is  that  my  customary  Feoffee  or 
Feoffees  shall  stand  seized  of  11  acres  of  cus- 
tomary hold  lands  that  I  bought  of  Thomas 
Leyson  and  David  Leyson,  now  in  the  tenure 
of  one  John  Howell,  also  7  acres  of  customary 
lands,  four  of  which  I  bought  of  William  Phil- 
lips, Esq.,  and  lies  at  Watertown,  now  in  the 
tenure  of  Maud  Honokes,  widow,  and  the 
other  3  acres  lyes  at  Horston  in  the  tenure  of 
John  Howell,  to  the  use  of  the  said  Rees  Rob- 
ert and  his  heirs  for  ever. 


To  my  sister,  Katherine  Flew,  wife  of  Wil- 
liam Flew,  the  messuage  where  she  and  her  hus- 
band doth  now  inhabit. 

To  my  nephew,  David  Flew,  one  messuage, 
lying  at  Bridgend,  in  the  parish  of  Coyty,  now 
in  the  tenture  of  one  Gronow  Williams,  apothe- 
cary, during  his  life,  and  after  his  decease,  to 
Michael  Flew  and  his  heirs  for  ever. 

To  my  nephew,  Samuel  Flew,  one  messuage 
lyeing  at  Bridgend,  aforesaid,  now  in  the  ten- 
ure of  one  William  David,  Cordwainer. 

To  Evan  ab  Evan,  one  messuage,  where  he 
no\\-  dwells. 

To  Joseph  Wakely,  of  Bristow,  Farrier,  £10. 

To  William  David,  the  younger,  of  the  town 
of  Cowbridge,  £10. 

To  William  David,  the  older  and  father  of 
the  said  William  David,  the  younger,  a  guinea. 

To  David  Thomas,  late  of  Neath,  £10. 

To  my  friend  Rees  Price  of  Tynton,  £20. 

To  Margaret,  the  wife  of  William  David  of 
Bridgend,  £5. 

To  my  old  servant.  Ann  Isaac,  £."). 

To  Alice  Watkins.  daughter  to  Benjamin 
Watkins.  £10. 

To  Elizabeth  Whitney,  spinster,  £10. 

To  Hester,  daugliter  of  the  said  David  Flew, 
£10. 

To  the  poor  of  Newcastle,  £5. 

To  the  poor  of  the  town  of  Cowbridge,  £5. 

To  my  kinsman,  Evan  ab  Evan,  £5. 

To  my  l)rother-in-law,  Justin  ab  Gwrgan 
Williams,  my  silver  watch. 

To  Elizabeth  Bowen.  of  the  town  of  Swan- 
ze.v,  widow,  £5. 

To  my  brother's  son,  I^dward  Williams,  all 
my  wearing  apparel. 

To  my  wife  Gladice,  one  messuage,  at  Bridg- 
end which  I  bought  of  George  Howells,  Esq., 
now  in  the  occupation  of  Lewelin  Jenkin. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


To  Rees  Price,  of  Tyuton,  a  messuage  ad- 
joining' to  the  meeting  house,  in  the  parish  of 
Newcastle,  now  in  the  tenure  of  one  Isaac 
Thomas. 

To  my  cousin,  Arthur  Williams,  of  the  town 
of  Cardiif,  the  freehold  messuages,  lands  and 
tenements  purchased  by  me  from  Watkin  Jones 
and  Thomas  Bas.set,  situate  in  the  said  parish 
of  Coyty. 

To  my  said  wife  Gladice,  all  those  premise 
which  I  purchased  of  one  Shadrack  Williams, 
she  to  pay  out  of  the  same,  to  my  niece  Hester 
Williams,  £100. 

To  my  cousin,  John  Bevan,  the  dwelling 
hou'-e  whei-ein  he  now  inhaliiteth. 

To  Thomas  Edmonds,  my  silver  hilted  sword. 

To  my  cousin  Anthony  Maddocks,  junior,  one 
guinea. 

Residuary  Legatee  and  sole  Executrix:  My 
wife  Gladice. 

Witnesses:  Robert  Thomas,  Gi-anow  Wil- 
liams William  Robert. 

P)-ovcd:  15  June,  1721,  by  the  sole  executrix 
named. 

13  Feb.,  1728.  Administration  granted  to 
Edward  Thomas,  husband  of  Gladice  Thoma:;, 
alias  Williams,  deceased,  the  late  executrix  of 
the  will  of  Michael  Williams,  deceased. 


WILL     OF    ROBERT     WILLIAMS     OP     ST. 

ANN'S,  WESTMINSTER,  jMIDDLESEX 

COUNTY,  ENGLAND 

P.  c.  c. 

Adm.  Act  Bk. 
1723. 

1  June.  1723.  Administi'ation  of  the  goods, 
etc.,  of  Robert  Williams,  late  of  the  parish  of 
St.  Ann's  Westminster,  in  Co.  iliddx.,  late  in 
the  Regt.  of  the  Mar(|uis  of  Winchestei',  wid- 
ower, granted  to  Elizabeth  Jones,  widow,  sister 
of  deceased  and  principal  creditor,  to  admin- 
ister. Joan  Hickman,  wife  of  John  Hickman, 
daughter  of  said  deceased  failing  to  appear. 


26  Jan.,  1727.  Administration  granted  to 
James  Mackrill,  pi'incipal  creditor  of  Robert 
Williams,  late  of  the  parish  of  St,  Ann's 
Westm.,  Co.  Middx.,  etc.  .  .  .  Elizabeth  Jones, 
widow  having  died. 


WILL  OF  ROBERT  WILLIAMS  OF 
KILLYRYTHEN 

P.  C.  C. 

221  Farrant. 

In  the  Name  of  God  ...  I,  Robert  Wil- 
liams, of  Killyrythen  in  the  parish  of  Landebye 
and  County  of  Carmarthen,  19  June,  1727. 

To  my  Bi'other,  Mr.  John  Williams,  5s. 

To  my  youngest  Step  Daughter,  Grwenllj^an, 
£40. 

Residuary  Legatee  and  Sole  Executrix:    My 

wife,  (Jatherine.  "The  £20  due  to  me  per  note 
now  lying  in  the  hands  of  Lewis  Lloyd  of 
Maesyporth  in  the  County  of  Anglesey,  Gent, 
and  also  the  £20  due  to  me  per  Bond,  now  in 
the  hands  of  John  Thomas,  of  the  parish  of 
Llanvair,  in  the  (Jonnty  of  Carnarvon,  Gent." 

Witnesses:  Thonuis  Rees,  Clerk  of  Landebye. 
Thomas  Morgan. 

Proved:  5  Sept.,  1727,  by  the  Sole  Executrix 
named. 


WILL   OF    EDWARD   WILLIAMS,   RECTOR 
OF  STOW 

P.  c.  c. 

97  Shaller. 

Abstract  of  the  Will  of  Edward  Williams, 
Rector  of  Stow,  with  Nine  Churclies  in  the 
County  of  Northampton. 

4  March,  1719. 

To  ]Mr,  Edimnid  Chisshull,  .Alinister  of  Wal- 
thamstow,  in  the  County  of  Essex,  £100. 

To  the  Corporation  of  Clergymens  Son,  for 
the  benefit  of  the  Chai-ity  entrusted  with  them, 
£100. 


EDWARD   WILLIAMS,  OF    STOW 


To  the  poor  of  Stow  with  Nine  Churches, 
£120. 

"I  give  to  a  Priest  of  the  Church  of  England 
who  habitually  reads  Divine  Service  at  the 
Chapel  of  Llanllwen,  £1.  10.  0." 

To  the  poor  of  the  parish  of  St.  Peters  in 
Carmarthen,  £3  yearlj-  for  ever,  to  buy  the 
Church  Catechisme  or  other  good  books. 

I  do  charge  all  my  Lands  and  Tenements  in 
the  parish  of  New  Church,  in  the  County  of 
Carmarthen,  now  leased  out  to  John  Evan 
John,  and  Evan  David  Owen  to  pay  £5  yearly, 
after  my  decease,  to  the  Vicar  of  the  said 
parish  of  St.  Peter's  and  to  his  successors  for 
ever. 

I  devise  my  Estate  in  Land  in  the  parish  of 
St.  Peter's  in  Carmarthen  and  of  New  Church, 
also  in  Carmarthen,  to  my  brother,  John  Wil- 
liams, till  my  Nephew,  Thomas  Williams,  his 
second  son,  arrives  at  the  age  of  eight  and 
twenty,  when  he  lias  an-ived  at  the  said  age. 
then  to  him  and  his  heirs,  all  my  aforesaid 
Lands,  etc. 

To  my  Nephew,  Edward  Williams,  £20. 

To  my  Nieces,  Mary,  Margaret,  Elizabeth, 
Alice  and  Jane  William.s,  the  daughters  of  my 
brother,  John  Williams,  £200  each,  to  be  paid 
at  the  age  of  one  and  twenty  oi'  day  of  mar- 
riage. 

To  my  Nieces,  Elizabeth  and  Sarah  Williams, 
the  daughters  of  my  brother,  Atkins  Williams, 
£200  each,  to  be  paid  when  they  come  to  the 
age  of  one  and  twenty  or  day  of  marriage. 

To  my  Niece,  ]Mai'y  Williams,  the  eldest 
daughter  of  my  brother,  Atkins  Williams,  £400. 

To  :Mr.  K.  Knaplock,  £10. 

To  my  Cousin,  Margaret  Rice.  £10. 

To  my  Cousin,  Catherine  Lloyd,  £5. 

To  the  thi'ee  daughtei's  of  my  Uncle,  Philip 
Jones  (t  know  not  their  names),  £5  each. 

Towards  redeeming  a  Slave,  £10. 

To  Edward  Reed,  an  annuity  of  30s. 

Sole  Executor:    JIv  brother,  John  Williams. 


Witnesses:  Richard  Prichard,  David  Howard, 
William  Jones. 

Proved  12  April,  1720.  by  the  sole  executor 
named. 


HUMPHREY  WILLIAMS 
P.  C.  C. 
Adm.  Act  Bk. 
1720. 

S  April,  1720.  Administration  granted  to 
Francis  Wallis,  Attorney,  of  Mary  Williams, 
M'idow,  mother  of  Humphrey  Williams,  late  of 
the  .ship  the  Mei'maid.  bachelor,  deceased,  to 
administer,  etc. 


RICHARD   WILLIAMS 

P.  c.  c. 

Adm.  Act  Book. 
1721. 

8  April.  1721.  Administration,  granted  to 
Anthony  Kendall,  principal  creditor  of  Richard 
Williams,  late  in  the  ship  Dartmouth,  bachelor, 
deceased,  to  administer,  etc. 


JOHN  WILLIAMS 
P.  C.  C. 
Adm.  Act  Book. 
1721. 

22  Api'il,  1721.  Administration  granted  to 
Anthony  Kendall,  principal  creditor  of  John 
Williams,  late  in  the  ship  Dai'tmouth,  bachelor, 
deceased,  to  administer,  etc. 


SIR  EDWARD  WILLIAMS 
P.  C.  C. 
Adm.  Act  Book. 
1721. 

25  August,  1721.  Administration  granted  to 
Henry  Williams,  son  of  Sir  Edward  Williams, 
late  of  Gwernevett,  in  County  of  Brecon, 
Knight,  deceased,  to  administer,  etc. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


JOHN   WILLIAMS 

P.  c.  c. 

120  Buckingham. 

Abstract  of  the  Will  of  John  Williams, 
Mariner,  lately  belonging  to  His  Majesty's 
Ship,  the  Elizabeth,  and  now  a  patient  in  the 
Hospital  of  St.  Bartholomew's,  London,  being 
indisposed  in  health. 

Dated  20  April,  1721. 

Sole  Leg-atee  and  Executrix:  My  Mother, 
Mary  Williams,  of  Plymouth,  in  the  County  of 
Devon,  AVidow. 

Witnesses:  William  IMoore,  John  Brown, 
Fa.:  Hammond,  Ser.* 

Proved  1:2  June,  1721,  by  the  sole  Executrix 
named. 


EDWARD   WILLIAMS 
P.  C.  C. 
Adm.  Act  Book. 
1720. 

8  July,  1720.  Administration  of  the  Goods, 
etc.,  of  Edward  Williams,  late  of  the  parish 
of  St.  Dunstan's,  Stepney,  in  County  Middle- 
sex, but  in  the  Navy  in  the  ship  the  Royal 
Anne,  bachelor,  deceased,  was  granted  to  John 
Atkinson,  principal  creditor  of  said  deceased, 
to  administer,  etc. 


PAUL  WILLIAMS 
P.  C.  C. 
Adm.  Act  Book. 
1720. 

3  Sept.,  1720.  Administration  of  the  Goods, 
etc.,  of  Paul  Williams,  late  of  *Nerquis,  in 
County  Flint,  deceased,  was  granted  to  Robert 
Williams  and  Catherine  Williams,  brother  and 
sister  of  the  said  deceased,  to  administer,  etc., 
Jane  Williams,  mother  of  said  deceased,  being 
dead. 


*Nerquoyes. 


JOHN  WILLIAMS 

P.  c.  c. 

Adm.  Act  Bk. 
1720. 

15  Dec,  1720.  Administration  of  the  Goods, 
etc..  of  John  Williams,  late  of  the  parish  of  St. 
Botolph's  Aldgate,  in  County  Middlesex,  but 
in  the  ship  the  Union,  bound  for  Guinea,  de- 
ceased, was  granted  to  Elizabeth  Boulls,  Avife 
and  attorney  of  John  Boulls,  principal  creditor 
of  the  said  deceased,  to  administer,  etc.,  the 
said  John  Boulls  being  also  on  the  high  seas. 


FRANCIS   WILLIAMS 

P.  C.  C. 
244  Shaller. 

Abstract  of  the  Avill  of  Francis  Williams, 
i\Iariner.  of  Her  Ma 'ties  Ship  Rippon. 

Dated  23  March,  1713. 

Sole  Legatee  and  Executor :  My  friend,  Elias 
Armand,  of  Gosport,  in  the  County  of  South- 
ampton, Salesman. 

Witnesses:  Francis  Franklin,  Julan  Hinx- 
nian,  Jo.  Staunton. 

Proved  12  Nov.,  1720,  by  the  sole  Executor 
named. 


ANNE  WILLIAMS 

P.  C.  C. 
Adm.  Act  Book. 
1721. 

13  Feb.,  1721.  Administration  granted  to 
Anne  Enskipp,  alias  Williams  (now  wife  of 
Nathaniel  Enskipp),  relict  and  executrix  named 
in  the  will  of  John  Williams,  deceased,  whilst 
living,  the  father  of  the  said  Thomas  Williams, 
late  in  the  ship  the  Mary,  bachelor,  deceased, 
to  administer,  etc. 


LIST    OF    WILLS 


WILLS  AND  ADMINISTRATIONS 

1720-1727 


(By  Constanee  White) 


1<20 — Williams,  Anne,  Middlesex:  Jan. 

1720 — Williams,  Humphrey,  Parts;  first   grant 
Jan.,  1711 ;  Apr.,  Administration. 

1720 — Williams,  Daniel,  London ;  Mar. 

1720 — Williams,  Edward,  Northampton  ;  Apr. 

1720 — Williams.  Hugh,  Middlesex;  Apr. 

1720 — Williams,  Samuel,   Cornwall ;   June. 

1720— W^illiams,  Edwai-d,  Parts.  July. 

1720— Williams,  Walter.  Berks:  :\Iay. 

1720— Williams,  William.   Surrey:   Aug. 

1720— Williams,  :\Iary,  Middlesex:  May. 

1720— Williams.  Paul,   Flint:   ttrst   sirant   July, 
1713;  Sept. 

1720— Williams.  Thomas.  Iluntin^^lon  :  Nov. 

1720— Williams,  John,    :\lidillesex    and    Parts: 
Dec. 

1720— Williams,  Anthony,  Ilerefoi'd  :  Aug-. 

1720— Williams,  Chai'les,  Middlesex:  Sept. 

1720— Williams,  Francis,  Parts:  Nov. 

1721— AVilliams,  Thonuis.  Parts:  Feb. 

1721— Williams,  Richard.  Parts:  Apr. 

1721— Williams,  John,  Parts;  Apr. 

1721 -Williams,  John,   Wai'wick:   Api'. 

1721— Williams,  John,  Lmuhm  :  .May  Adnui. 

1721— Wifliams,  Thomas,      Canterhury :      June 
Adnni. 

1721— Williams.  Robert,*  Middlesex  and  Parts; 
Any.  Admn. 

1721— Williams.  William.  Bristol:  June. 

1721— Williams,  Sir  Edward,  ISrecdii:  Aug. 

1721— Williams,  John,      London      and      Parts; 
June. 


1721- 
1721- 
1721- 

1721- 
1721- 

1721- 
1721- 
1721- 
1721- 
1722- 

1722- 
1722- 
1722- 
1722- 
1722- 
1722 
1722- 

*A 
left  t 
wife 

1722- 

1722- 

1722- 


-  Williams,  Michael  Glamorgan;  June. 

-Williams,  John,  London ;  July. 

-Williams,  Dorothy.       jMiddlesex;       Oct. 
Admn. 

-Williams,  Edward,  Parts;  Aug. 

-Williams,  Mary,  Middlesex:  Aug. 

-Williams,  Lewis,  Parts :  Dec. 

-Williams,  Evan,  Surrey :  Dec. 

-Williams,  John,  London ;  Dec. 

-Williams.  Thomas,  Parts;  Dec. 

-Williams,  Rice,       Carmarthen;       Feb. 
Adnni. 

-Williams,  Richard,  Parts:  Feb. 

-Williams,  Eleanoi-,  Middlesex:  Feb. 

-Williams,  Joanna,  Middlesex;  Apr. 

-Williams,  Joanna,  Middlesex;  Apr. 

-Williams,  Thonms,  Bucks;  Apr. 

-AVilliams.  Roland,  Loudon;  Apr. 

-Williams,  Edwai'd,   iMiddlesex;  May. 


mariner  of  Stepney,  co.  Middlesex,  goods 
0  a  daughter,  Sarah  Smith,  nee  Williams, 
of  Thomas  Smith. 

-Williams,  John,   Bristol:  May. 

-Williams,  Cathei'ine.  ^Middlesex;  May.   . 

Lawrence.     London:     July 


172: 
172 

172 

1722 

1722 

1722- 

1722 

1728 


!— Williams 
Admn. 

!— Williams 

!— Williams 

)_Wiilia,ns 
Admn, 


Isaac,  Middlesex:  Oct.  Admn. 
John,  Pai'ts;   Nov.  Adnm. 
Henry,      Middlesex;     Dee. 


—Williams,  William,  Parts:  Dec,  Admn. 
Williams.  John,  Surrey;  Dec.  Admn. 
Williams,  Zachai'ias,  Cornwall;  Nov. 
Williams,  Maurice,  Middlesex;  Nov. 
Williams,  Roger,  Essex;  Nov. 
Williams,  John,  Surrey  and  Parts;  Jan. 


THE     WILLIAMS     HISTORY 


1723— Williams, 

1723— Williams, 

1723— Williams, 

1723— Williams, 
Admn. 

1723— Williams, 

1723— Williams, 

1723— Williams, 
Admn. 

1723— Williams, 
Admn. 

1723— Williams, 
Admn. 

1723— Williams, 

1723— Williams, 

1723 — W^illiams, 

1723— Williams, 

1723— Williams. 

]  723— Williams, 

1723 — Williams, 

1723— Williams, 

1723— Williams, 

1723— Williams, 

1723— Williams, 

1723— Williams. 

172:i— Williams, 

1723 — Williams, 

:i  723— Williams, 

1723— Williams, 

1724— Williams, 

1724— Williams, 

1724— William^ 

1724— Williams, 

1724— Williams, 

1724— Williams, 
Admn. 


Richard,  Sussex ;  Jan. 
Charles,  Herts ;  Jan. 
Daniel;  Jan.  Admn. 
Elizabeth,     Gloucester;     Feb. 

Ephraim,  Pai'ts ;  Apr.  Admn. 
David,  Brecon ;  Mar. 
Robert,  Middlesex ;  June 

William,  Middlesex ;  July 

Reginald,  Monmouth  ;  July 

Counsel,  Pembi'oke ;  May. 
John,  Parts;  June. 
Francis,  Berks ;  June. 
William,  Parts:  Sept. 
Sanniel,   London ;  Oct.   Aduni. 
Albert,  Bucks;  Nov.  Admn. 
Jarman,  Parts ;  July. 
Nathaniel,  Salop ;  July. 
Sir  John,  Hereford  ;  July. 
Sir  John,  Parts ;  July. 
William,  Jliddlesex;  Aug. 
Ann,  Cornwall ;  Aug. 
Jane,  Middlesex;   Aug. 
Henry,  Brecon ;  Oct. 
John,  Dorset ;  Oct. 
Petei",  Warwick ;  Dee. 
Jonathan,  Parts:  Jan.  Admn. 
Lucy,  Middlesex :  Feb.  Adnm. 
William,  London;  Feb.  Adnm. 
Peter,  Denbigh  ;  Mar.  Admn. 
James,  Ii'elaud;  Apr. 
Ann,    Coi'uwall ;     Api'.  -  May. 


1724 — Williams,   Elizabeth    (othei-wise    Battell 
Williams),  Middlesex;  June  Adnm. 

1724 — Williams,  Elizabeth,  Middlesex;  June. 

1724 — Williams,  Henry,  Parts;  July  Admn. 

1724 — Williamson.     William     (otherwise     Wil- 
liams), Parts;  July. 

1724 — Williams,  Arthur   Montgom'y;    Aug. 

1724 — Williams,  Charles,  Parts;  Aug. 

1724 — Williams,  Joseph,  Middlesex  ;  Oct. 

1724 — Williams,  John,  Surrey ;  Dec.  Adnm. 

1724 — Williams,  James,  Surrey;  Nov. 

1725 — Williams,  John,  Surrey;  Jan. 

1725 — Williams,  Rebecca,  London;  Jan.  Admn. 

1725 — Williams,  Thomas,  Middlesex  ;  Feb. 

172.5 — Williams,  Richard,  Parts ;  Apr.  Adnm. 

1725 — AVilliams,  David,      Southampton  ;      Apr. 
Adnm. 

1725 — Williams,  Thonuis.  London;  July  Adnm. 

1725— Williams,  John,  Parts;  Sept.  Adnm. 

1725— Williams,  Maiy    (otherwise  Madgwiek), 

aiiddlesex;  Oct.  Admn. 
1725 — Williams,  John,   Carmai'then  ;  June. 
1725— Williams,  John,  Parts;  June. 
1725— Williams,  Caleb.  Middlesex:  June. 

172.5— Williams,  Sii'  Edward. ,  Dec.  Adnm. 

1725— Williams,  John,  Pai'ts :  July. 

1725— Williams,  William,- Glamorgan  ;  Sept. 

1726 -Williams,  Francis.  ^Monmouth;  Feb. 
Adnm. 

1726— Williams.  .Meryel,  Montgomery;  Feb. 

1726— AVilliams,  Ileni-y,  Parts;  Apr. 

1726— Williams,  Thomas     (otherwise     Baker), 
Dorset  ;  May. 

1726 — Williams,  William,  Dorset ;  Apr. 

1726 — Williams,  James,  Parts ;  June  Admn. 

1726 — Williams,  Ann,  London  ;  Aug.  Adnm. 


WILLIAMS    COAT-OF-ARMS 


1726— Williams,  Griffith,  Surrey;  :May. 

1726 — Williams,  Robert,  *'  Surrey;  May. 

1726— Williams,  Sage,  Middlesex;  May. 

1726— Williams,  Robei't,*-  Flint ;  Sept.  Admn. 

1726 — Williams,  John,  Dorset ;  June. 

1726 — Williams,  Thomas,  Kent;  Nov.  Admn. 

1726 — Williams,  Richard,  Monmouth  ;  Nov. 
Admn. 

1726— Williams,  Edward,   Middlesex;  Sept. 

1726— Williams,  William,  London;  Oct. 

1726— Williams,  Catherine,  Middlesex;  Nov. 

1726— Williams,  William,  Parts;  Nov. 

1727— Williams.  David,  Parts;  Jan.  Admn. 

1727- Williams,    Robert,*'    Middlesex;    Jan. 
Admn. 

1727 — Williams,  Charles,   iliddlesex  ;   Feb. 

1727 — Williams,  William,  London;  Feb.  Adnni. 

1727 — Williams,  Gi-ace.  London;  Mar.  Adnni. 

'1727— Williams,  Thomas.    Surrey    and    Parts; 
Apr.  Admn. 

1727— Williams.  Thonuis, ;  :\lay  Admn. 

1707_williams,  John,   Montgomery;   July 
Admn. 


-Williams,  David.  l^L 


lUth  ;  Ai 


'  A  Bachelor,  ^Mariner,   leaves   -ioods  "'to  in- 
tended wife,  Mary  Edsinton. 

-A  Bacheloi'  of  Jlold,  co.  Flint,  left  good  "to 
sistei',  Joan  Cockayn." 

1727 — Williams,  Sai-ah,  Middlesex;  Aug. 
Admn. 

1727 — Williams,  Laui'once,  Pai-ts;  Aug.  Adnui. 

1727 — Williams,  David,  Cai'nai'von  ;  June. 

1727 — Williams,  Fi'ancis,  Kent;  June. 

1727 — Williams,  Isaac,    Glamorgan  ;   June. 

1727 — Williams,  John,   Worcester  ;   June. 

1727 — Williams,  Joseph,  Herefoi'd  ;  June. 


1727 — Williams,  Robert,*^  Parts;  June. 

1727— Williams,  Dr.   James    (D.   D.),   London; 
July. 

1727 — Williams,  Thomas,   Somerset ;   Dec. 
Admn. 

1727 — Williams,  Simon,  Parts;  Dec.  Adnn:. 

1727 — Williams,  John,  London;  Aug. 

1727 — Williams,  Roliert,  Carmarthen  ;  Sept. 

1727— Williams,  John,  Middlesex;  Sept. 

1727 — Williams,  Rice,  Sussex;  Nov. 

1727 — Williams,  John    (otherwise  Willing, 
otherwise  Daniel),  Glamorgan;  Dec. 


*Mariner  of  Deptford,  Co.  Kent,  Sole  Legatee 
and  Executrix,  Maiy,  his  wife,  nee  Roberts. 
No  issue. 


WILLIAMS'  COAT  OF  ARMS 


An  authoi-ity  states  that  our  early  generation 
had  a  coat  of  arms.  Burk's  Peerage  gives  it  as 
a  IhiICs  head,  which  may  or  may  not  be  cor- 
rect. However,  we  hereby  show  cut  No.  305 
as  being  a  series  of  bull's  heads  on  a  shield. 
This  cut  I  obtained  from  Messrs.  Martin  & 
Allci'dyce  of  Boston,  who  are  in  that  business. 
Whethc]'  it  he  authentic  ot'  not,  we  vrill  leave 
that  to  the  readei'. 

A  statement  of  Uncle  John  Shoelu'idge  Wil- 
liams, who  is  our  starting  point  of  Williams 
geneology  and  the  only  authority  we  have, 
handed  down  from  generation  to  generation, 
and  rccentl.y  inailed  to  the  writer  by  my  first 
cousin,  Mrs.  Walter  Williams,  of  730  North 
Main  St.,  Wheeling,  W.  Va.,  affirms  that  her 
father  stated  to  her  that  Uncle  Jno.  Shoebridge 
Williams  claimed  that  the  coat  of  arms  was  as 
per  cut  No.  306,  depicted  as  a  lion  rampant 
(and  if  it  be  not  a  lion,  possibly  someone  is 
a-lieing)  ;  be  that  correct  or  not,  as  sufficient 
for  the  day  is  the  evil  thereof.  Let  us  believe 
that  it  was  a  lion  rampant.  Burk's  Peerage 
states  many  of  the  Williams'  families  in  North 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Wales  used  quite  a  number  of  (luadruped  ani- 
■mals  as  their  eoats  of  arms.  In  an  excerpt 
irom  a  very  old  newspaper,  giving  a  short 
sketch  of  some  Williams  family,  cut  No.  306 
was  copied.  This  sketch  was  mailed  to  the 
writer  by  Mrs.  Jennie  B.  Fowler.  Uncle  John 
Shoebridg-e  Williams'  granddaughter  from 
Bridgeport,  Conn.  However,  at  this  time  Mrs. 
Fowler  had  it  typewritten,  but  recently  she  has 
mailed  the  original  from  the  newspaper  show- 
ing this  cut.  But  it  is  a  question  whether  it 
is  our  Williams  family  or  some  othei'  Williams 
family.  Hence  we  hereby  introduce  the  ver- 
sion which  she  sent  me  with  a  poi'tion  of  the 
newspaper  being  obliterated.  One  of  our  me- 
chanical engineers  took  it  to  fJranite  City  to 
a  collection  of  Welshmen  and  they  together 
filled  in  to  make  sense  the  missing  pai'ts.  We 
hereby  introduce  the  other  version  from  the 
newspaper  of  the  Williams  family,  not  elaiming 
it  to  be  authentic  but  leaving  it  for  the  I'cader 


to   judge   until   we    have   probably    discovered 
greater  accuracy  in  North  Wales,  if  we  ever  do. 

Note  This  was  copied  from  a  torn  paper, 
which  will  account  for  the  gaps  or  spaces  left 
wlu'i'e  the  printing  could  not  be  read. 


WILLIAMS  FAMILY 
By    Eleanor    Lexington 

The  name  of  Williams  is  very  ancient.  Most 
of  the  original  members  of  the  name  were 
doubtless  of  Welsh   extraction.     They  form   a 


large  portion  of  the  principality  of  Wales — 
somewhat  like  the  O's  of  Ireland  and  the  Macs 
of  Scotland. 

Not  a  few  of  the  name  in  Wales  trace  their 
lineage  as  far  back  as  Adam,  thereby  making 
a  genealogical  tree  of  imposing  proportions. 

It  seems  to  be  well  established  that  the  family 
is  lineally  descended  from  Marchudel,  who 
belojiged  to  one  of  the  fifteen  tribes  of  North 
Wales.     He  lived  in  the  time  of  Roderac  the 


Gi'eat,   King   of  the   Bi'itons,   about   849.     The 
royal  house  of  Tudor  was  descended  from  him. 

The  earliest  form  of  the  name  is  Wilhelm, 
composed  of  Will  and  Helm  .  .  .  little  tauto- 
logical to  .  .  .  means  Will,  but  not  quite 
.  .  ,  .  that  Helm  signifies  .... 
dimuative  form. 

Then  Wilhelm  meant  something  like  "stout 
warrio]'.  ■' 

William  the  Conquerer  spelled  his  name 
Wilhelm,  though  the  form  Pillen  occurs  most 
often  on  his  coins.  Each  bear  the  legend  "Pil- 
len Rex."  or  "Pillelm  Rex."    The  "P"  stands 


EOGER   WILLIAMS    AND    CROJMWELL 


as  the  old  English  form  of  ''W, "'  hut  his  great 
seal  reads  Willelmus. 

Another  distinguished  nieiuber  n[  the  Wil 
liains  family  Avas  Oliver  CromweU,  the  Pro- 
tector and  Pretender.  His  ancesior  in  the 
fourth  remove  was  Morgan  Williams,  or  rather 
Morgan  ap  Williams,  a  Welsh  gentleman  of 
considerable  property  whose  lather,  William 
ap  Yevan,  held  position  of  honor  in  the  house 
of  the  Duke  of  Bedford,  and  even  it  is  said  in 
that  of  his  nephew.  King  Heniy  YII. 

Morgan  Williams  married  a  sister  of  Lord 
Thomas  Cornwell,  afterwards  Earl  of  Essex, 
and  his  descendants  assumed  the  name  of 
("i-omwell. 

Cai-lyle  says  that  Croiiiwell  descended  from 
Gen.  Williams  of  Birkshii-e,  or  from  ]\Iorgan 
Williams.  "Cromwell,  alias  Williams,"  as  he 
has  it.  One  encyclopedia  says  that  the  gene- 
alogy of  Cromwell  is  traced  to  Richai'd  Wil- 
liams, who  assumed  the  name  Cromwell  from 
his  maternal  uncle,  Thomas  Cromwell,  Secre- 
tary of  State  to  lleni-y  VII,  and  tlirougli  Wil- 
liam ap  Yevan,  l)ack  to  the  l>arons  of  the 
eleventh  ccntui'y. 

Rogei-  Williams,  the  founder  of  Providence, 
in  Rhode  Island,  was  an  intimate  friend  and 
contemporary  of  d'omwelTs  and  some  say  n 
i-elative.     lioth  wei'c  horn  in  ].")9II. 

Robert  Williams  is  the  common  ancrstor  or 
pioneer  of  the  family  to  America.  Ilr  was  bm  n 
in  Great  Yai-mouth,  England,  in  l.">:i:;.  Witli 
his  wife,  Elizabeth  Stratton,  he  came  to  Amer- 
ica in  the  ship  "Rose,"  in  1635.  He  settled  in 
Roxbui-y,  Mass.,  and  lived  to  the  age  of  100 
yeai-s. 

Thei'c  is  a  ti-adition  that  his  wife,  Elizabeth, 
was  much  opposed  to  coming  to  this  counti-y, 
but  being  strangely  impressed  by  a  dream  that 
if  she  came  she  would  be  the  mother  of  a  long 
line  of  men  who  would  become  prominent  in 
State  and  Church,  she  consented,  fully  believ- 
ing that  her  dream  would  be  realized.  As  the 
fame  of  many  Americans  named  Williams  is 
world-wide,  her  d7-eani  has  apparently  been 
fulfilled. 

Prominent  in  chui-ch  and  educational  matters 
thev   liave   left    enviable    records.      Thev   were 


also  ready  with  pen  and  sword  to  lead  the  way 
to  independence.  William  Williams,  tifth  in 
descent  from  Robert  Williams,  was  a  member 
of  the  American  Congress  in  1776  and  1777, 
and  as  such  was  one  of  the  signers  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence  from  Connecticut. 

In  confirmatiou  of  the  patriotism  of  ^Ir. 
Williams,  the  following  anecdote  is  told : 

Towards  the  close  of  the  year  1776  the  mili- 
tary affairs  of  the  colonies  had  such  a  gloomy 
aspect  that  strong  fears  began  to  prevail  that 
the  contest  would  go  against  them.  In  this 
dark  time  the  Council  of  Safety  for  Connecticut 
was  called  to  sit  at  Lebanon. 

■'Well,  if  success  crowns  the  British  army," 
said  ilr.  Williams,  with  great  calmness,  "it  is 
pretty  evident  what  will  be  my  fate.  I  have 
done  much  to  prosecute  the  contest,  and  one 
thing  I  ha\-e  done  that  the  British  will  never 
pai'don.  1  have  signed  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence.    I  shall  be  hanged."" 

One  membiM-  of  t'le  Council  observed  that  in 
case  of  ill  success  he  should  be  exem|)t  from  the 
gallows  as  his  signature  was  not  attached  to 
the  Declaration,  nor  had  he  written  anything 
against  the  P-ritish  Government.  To  this  'Sir. 
Williams  I'cplied,  his  eyes  kindling  as  Ik^  spoke; 

"Then,  sir,  ,^-ou  d(\serve  to  be  hanged  foi'  not 
having  done  your  duty." 

In  the  war  of  the  Revolution  many  Wil- 
liamses  wei'e  enrolled  in  various  branches  of 
the  sei'vice,  from  colonels  to  drum  boys.  Major 
General  Joseph  Warren,  who  fell  at  Bunker 
Hill,  was  fifth  in  descent  from  Robert  Williams, 
a  grandson  of  Deborah  Williams. 

General  Otto  Holland  Williams  was  a  dis- 
tinguished officer  and  a  confidante  of  Wash- 
ington. David  Williams  was  one  of  the  captors 
of  Andre  the  spy.  The  oflfer  of  money  and  the 
splendid  gold  watch  of  Andre  could  not  bribe 
the  incorruptible  soldier;  and  a  count.y  in  Ohio 
is  named  for  him  in  commemoration  of  this 
event. 

One  of  the  most  distinguished  and  learned 
men  of  the  name  of  Williams  was  Col.  Jonathan 
Williams.  He  was  related  to  Benjamin  FT'ank- 
lin  and  was  in  France  with  him  about  the  com- 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


iiieiicement  of  the  revolution.  His  father  was 
chairman  of  the  meeting-  which  voted  to  throw 
the  tea  into  Boston  Harbor  in  the  year  1774. 
Col.  Jonathan  Williams  was  Major  in  the 
United  States  artillery  and  Avas  afterwards 
appointed  Colonel  in  the  corps  of  engineers  at 
West  Point. 

He  was  the  discoverer  of  the  marine  ther- 
mometer by  means  of  which  by  showing  the 
dififerent  temperature  of  the  water  in  the  gulf 
stream  and  the  surrounding  ocean  marines 
could  readily  tell  whenever  they  Avere  in  the 
stream. 

Col.  Ephraim  AVilliams  Avas  born  in  1715, 
took  part  in  the  Colonial  Avars.  In  his  regi- 
ment, at  one  battle,  the  chaplain  and  surgeon 
and  quartermaster  Avere  his  relatiA^es,  all  Wil- 
liams by  name,  and  his  brother  Avas  ensign. 
B}^  his  Avill  Col.  Williams  made  a  liberal  dona- 
tion for  a  free  school  at  WilliamstOAvn,  Mass., 
called  after  his  name,  Avhich  Avas  the  foundation 
of  the  college  at  that  place. 

Col.  Williams'  body  rests  Avhere  he  fell  in 
battle,  at  the  head  of  Lake  George.  A  huge 
rock  bears  his  name.  The  trustees  of  Williams 
College  have  more  than  once  proposed  the 
erection  of  a  monunu^nt  to  him.  A  talilet  to 
his  memory  is  seen  on  the  Avails  of  the  chapel 
of  the  college. 

One  of  the  distinguished  presidents  of  Wil- 
lialns  College,  Mark  Hopkins,  was  a  connection 
of  the  Williams  familA'. 

One  family  of  prominence  to  Avhich  the 
Williamses  are  allied  by  marriage  is  the  Gallup 
family.  Capt.  John  Gallup,  the  pioneer,  or 
Gallop  as  it  Avas  then  spelled,  fought  the  first 
naval  battle  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  July,  ir.36, 
capturing  and  destroying  a  large  number  of 
Indians. 

The  Williams  also  claim  I'elationship  to  John 
Alden  and  Priscilla  Avho  have  be«n  immortal- 
ized by  Longfellow  in  his  poem  "The  Courtship 
of  Miles  Standish." 

The  Williams'  arms  bear  a  rampant  argent 
lion  on  a  sable  field.  The  crest  is  a  cock.  The 
motto  is  "I  Fyne  DAA-y  y  Fydd"  (What  God 
Willeth  will  be.")  The  side  motto  is  "Cog- 
nesce    Occasionem"     (W.'^tches    His    Opjiortu- 


nities. ")  Different  coats  of  arms  have  been 
borne  by  various  branches  of  the  Williauis  fam- 
ily. The  lion  is  confined  to  families  of  Welsh 
descent.  Other  heraldic  columns  are  the  stag, 
fox,  greyhound,  Avolf,  boar,  horse,  eagle,  dragon 
and  griffin. 

And    yet    another    account    is    condensed    as 

folloAVS: 


NOTE. 


V7/20. 


Anna  Belle  Oavcu  (Mrs.  F.  H.  Owen)  of  No. 
70  ScAvall  Avenue,  Brookline,  Mass.,  states  that 
the  book  on  the  Williams  family  refers  to  my 
Great  Uncle,  John  Shoebridge  Williams  of 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  editor  of  the  Pioneer  period- 
ical journal,  imder  the  sanction  of  the  Logan 
Historical  Society  of  Ohio,  and  further  states 
that  his  father  emigrated  from  Wales,  but  does 
not  mention  the  ship  Rose  sailing  from  London, 
that  this  book  is  full  of  portraits  of  Williamses. 
It  is  by  Dr.  Steven  W.  Williams,  published  in 
1847,  and  printed  by  Merriam  and  Mirich,  and 
that  the  article  of  Eleanor  Lexhigton  seems  to 
1)e  copied  in  part  from  said  book. 

Anna  Belle  Oavcu  intends  to  read  farther  on 
the  subject.  I  doulit  Avhether  this  book  Avould 
disclose  any  important  fact. 

M.  F.  W. 


THE  RECORDS  OF  DENBIGH  AND  ITS 
LORDSHIP 

By  John  Williams.  1860 

P.  68.  Chap.  V.  Recoi'ders,  Toavu  Clerks,  etc. 
In  1634  Edward  Williams,  gentleman  (after- 
Avai'ds  of  Pont  y  Groyddyc),  Avas  deputy  re- 
corder. 

P.  69.  John  Hoslei'  was,  in  1766,  succeeded 
by  Thomas  Williams,  A\ho  Avas  in  office  one 
year.  John  Copner  Williams,  Esi|.,  succeeded 
in  1803  and  resigned  in  1813.  Richard  Wil- 
liams, Es(|.,  Avas  town  clerk  in  1835. 

P.  70.  Representative  Burgesses  of  Denljigh, 
Rutliin,  etc.  In  1690  William  Williams,  Es(i., 
petitioned  against  the  return  of  EdAvard  Brere- 


ROGER    WILLIAMS 


ton,  Es(|.     (lie  was  the  son  of  Sir  Wm. Wil- 
liams, speaker  of  the  House  of  Commons.) 

P.  73.  Nov.  1,  1708,  Sir  William  Williams, 
Baronet,  Plas.yward. 

P.  75.  Notes  on  the  M.  Ps.  (M.  P.  means 
member  of  Parliament.)  The  estate  of  Plasy- 
Avard,  Sir  Wm.  Williams  obtained  by  marriage 
in  1680,  with  Jane,  daughter  and  heir  of  Ed- 
ward, son  of  Simon  Thelwell,  il.  P.,  in  1640. 
and  it  is  now  (1860)  inhei'ited  by  liis  lineal  de- 
scendant. Sir  WatMn  Williams.  Wynn  M.  P. 
for  the  country. 

In  1713,  John  Wynne,  Esi|.,  of  ilelaii,  he  was 
the  only  son  of  Wm.  Wynne,  and  he  married 
Sydney,  daughter  of  Sir  Wm.  Williams  of 
Llanforda. 

P.  83.  Chapter  VIII.  (Ap,  sonof.)  High 
Sheriffs  of  County  Denbigh.  From  a  curi(nis 
Welsh  M.  S.,  about  A.  D.  1597.  Here  are  such 
as  have  been  sheriffs  in  Denbighshire  since 
Wales  became  a  land  of  shires  (which  was  in 
the  32nd  year  of  Henry  VIII's  reign).  It  has 
no  capitals  noi-  stops.  The  '2ith  name  is  "Sion 
Williams."  The  :i7tb  name  is  "sionwyn  ap 
Wiliam. ' ' 


P.  84.  Sheriffs. 
M'ith  dates. 

1564.  John  Th 
way,  Esq. 

I.i77.  John  W' 


dern     list 


a])  William  of  (ihin  Con- 


.1    William    of   .Mrlry.    Es<|. 

p.  8.5.   1615.   Richai'd  Williams  of  Ruthin,  Es(|. 

P.  87.  1693.   David    Williams  of  Ty   Newyda, 
Llansilin.  Es(|. 

1696.  William   Williams  of  Plas  y  War.  Esq. 


,f   Plas    Issa,   of 


if  Penbcdw,  Es.i. 
if  Pont  V  Cwvddel. 


P.  88.  1715.  John   Willia 
Llenneaydd,  Esq. 

1734.  Richai'd  Williams  ^ 

1737.  Edward   Williams 
Es.i. 


1740.  John  Williams  of  Plas  Ucha,  Es(i. 

1747.  R.  Williams  of  Proll  v  Crochon,  Esq. 

P.  147.  1738.  There    was    a    David    Williams 
jun.  Bailie  of  Denbigh. 


P.  148.  1741.  There     was     Alderman     David 
Williams   (probably  he  was  the  above  David's 

father). 

P.  149.  1750.     Alderman    Thomas    Williams, 
gent. 

1751.  Bailiffs  David  Williams. 

1752.  John   Rathbone,  vice.   David  Williams 
of  Ruthin. 

P.  150.  1755.  David  Williams  of  Lodge,  Esq., 
deceased. 

P.  151.  1761.  Aldermen  Thomas  Williams 

P.  155.  1802.  Robert     ilyddelton,   vice.    Rev. 
Edward  Williams  deceased. 


WILLI  A.MS  EXTRACTS 
"The  Quakers."  J.  S.  Turner,  1911 

P.  180-82.  In  1672  George  Fox  was  in  Amer- 
ica and  visited  Rhode  Island.  The  Quakers' 
yearly  meeting  for  New  England  and  the  ad- 
jacent Colonies  was  at  this  time  held  in  Rhode 
Island.  The  father  of  the  colony,  the  venera- 
ble Roger  Williams,  now  over  70  years  of  age, 
was  no  uiuiioved  spectator  of  this  meeting.  He 
challenged  George  Fox  to  a  discussion,  which 
for  some  i-eason  not  .stated,  Fox  declined.  How- 
ever, disputants  were  not  wanting.  Stubs, 
Burnyeat  and  Edmundson  encountered  Wil- 
liams for  four  days  in  successii/U.  Judging 
from  his  book,  which  is  a  repoi't  by  Williams 
of  the  long  debate,  the  keen,  wiry  old  man 
pressed  the  thi'ee  Quakers  hard;  but  the  com- 
bat was  a  drawn  one,  both  sides  claiming  vic- 
tory. Williams,  who  was  evidently  an  honora- 
ble and  lovable  old  man,  though  a  sharp  con- 
troversialist, desci'ibes  John  Stubs  as  "learned 
in  the  Hebrew  and  the  Greek."  What  Stubs 
and  Burnyeat  thought  of  Williams,  we  do  not 
know;  but  Edmundsen  kept  a  journal,  and 
wrote  in  it  that  they  disputed  with  "one  Roger 
Williams,  and  old  priest,  and  an  enemy  to 
truth,  all  slanders  and  accusations  against  the 
Quakers." 


THE     WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


"THE  QUAKERS  IN  THE  AMERICAN  COL- 
ONIES." R.  M.  JONES,  1911 

P.  21.  Pi'ovidence  Colony,  founded  by  Roger 
AVilliams,  who  has  the  honor  of  lieing  one  of 
the  brave  path-breakers  towai-d  the  light,  and 
he  was  undoubtedly  the  first  in  the  New  World 
to  annunciate  eleai'ly  the  doctrine  of  soul  lib- 
erty. 

P.  63.  Roger  Williams,  though  only  a  lay- 
preacher,  had  been  chosen  minister  of  the  Sa- 
lem Church  in  1631,  and,  after  a  period  of  sim- 
ilar service  in  Plymouth  Colony,  had  been  in- 
vited back  to  Salem  as  minister  in  1634. 
Though  not  a  mystic,  yet  he  was  a  powerful 
advocate  of  independence  in  religion,  the  ab- 
solute separation  of  religion  from  State  control, 
and  he  insisted  that  eveiy  act  of  religion  should 
be  a  personal  matter,  belonging  to  the  worship- 
per himself.  He  was  uttei'ly  opposed  to  titles 
or  any  forced  suppoi-t  of  religion. 


"THE     AMERICAN     PIONEER,"     EDITED 
AND  PUBLISHED  BY  JOHN  S.  WILL- 
IAMS, M.  F.  WILLIAMS'  GREAT- 
UNCLE 
Vol.   1,  Second  Edition,  1842 

April,  1842.  P.  123.  Biographical  memoir  of 
the  Rev.  John  Williams,  first  minister  in  Deer- 
field,  Mass.,  by  Stephen  W.  Williams,  A.  M.  M. 
I.,  late  professor  of  matei-ia  mediea,  etc.,  in  the 
University  of  Lake  Erie,  etc. 

John  Williams  was  born  at  Roxbury,  Mass., 
Dec.  16tli,  1ii64.  He  was  the  son  of  Decan  Sam- 
uel Williams,  of  the  same  place,  and  grandson 
of  Robert  Williams,  who  came  from  Norwich, 
England,  and  settled  at  Roxbury  in  1638,  18 
years  from  the  time  of  the  landing  of  the  Pil- 
grims at  Plymouth.  We  have  no  correct  ac- 
count of  the  cause  of  his  leaving  his  native  land 
but  it  Avas  probably  on  account  of  the  religious 
persecutions  of  the  Puritans.  Soon  after  his 
arrival  at  Roxbury,  he  married  and  had  four 
children,  and  from  him  have  descended  all  the 
families  of  Williamses  in  this  section  of  the 
country   (New  England). 


John  Williams  (Robert's  grandson)  was  edu- 
cated at  Harvard,  graduated  there  in  1683, 
aged  19,  became  first  minister  of  Deerfleld  in 
1686.  About  seven  years  after  his  settlement 
on  June  6th.  1693,  Indian  depredations  again 
commenced  at  Deerfield,  and  from  that  time  for 
nine  years  the  town  and  neighborhood  were 
subject  to  fre(iuent  incursions.  In  February, 
1704,  the  town  was  attacked  by  surprise,  his 
house  rifled,  his  wife,  just  recovering  from  con- 
finement, and  five  childT'cn  were  taken  prison- 
ers (the  full  account  of  this  attack  follows). 
His  wife,  Eunice  Williams,  was  murdered.  She 
was  the  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Eleazer  and  Ester 
Mather  of  Northampton,  born  Aug.  2,  1664,  and 
killed  March  1,  1704. 

Their  eldest  son  was  Eleazer.  absent  at  the 
time  of  the  attack. 

Stephen,  Saiiniel  and  Warham  were  the  sons. 

Ester  and  Eunice,  tiie  daughters,  were  car- 
i-ied  captives  to  C;uiada. 

Mr.  Williams  (i.  e.,  the  Rev.  John  Williams) 
was  eventually  redeenu'd  by  Governor  De  Yan- 
di'enit.  The  daughtei'  Eunice  was  never  res- 
cued from  the  Indians;  she  soon  forgot  her 
language,  became  an  Indian  iu  habits,  married 
an  Indian,  who  took  the  name  of  Williams,  and 
had  several  children  by  him.  She  visited  Deer- 
field  in  her  Indian  dress  some  years  later,  but 
she  refused  to  give  up  her  Indian,  life.  A  Mr. 
Eleazer  Williams,  one  of  her  grandsons,  was 
educated  at  Dartmouth  College  by  the  munifi- 
cence of  his  New  England  friends  and  studied 
divinity,  preaching  at  Green  Bay  on  Lake  Mich- 
igan. 

In  March.  1706,  the  Rev.  John  Williams  was 
at  Quebec. 

In  Apiil,  1706,  Zebediah  Williams  died,  prob- 
ably the  son  of  Zebediah  Williams,  one  of  the 
first  settlers  of  Deerfield  in  1674.  Iu  Novem- 
ber, 1706,  the  Rev.  John  Williams  Avas  re- 
esta])lished  as  minister  of  Deerfield. 

In  January,  1707,  the  town  agreed  to  build 
him   a   house. 

In  November,  1707,  a  petition  was  made  to 
the  general  court  for  a  grant  of  money  towards 
the  maintenance  of  the  Rev.  John  Williams  in 


CARTERET  COUNTY  RECORDS 


the    work    of    the    ministry    of    Deerfield.      He 
•died  12th  of  June,  1729. 

Vol.  II,  No.  1,  1843.    R.  P.  Brooks.  Printer 

P.  274.  Mr.  John  S.  WilUams  was  alive.  He 
had  a  letter  from  Josejih  B.  Boyce  on  ilareh  29, 
1843. 

Wm.  Williams  was  living  at  Lebanon  on  May 
7,  180o ;  he  wrote  to  the  General  Assembly  of 
Conneetient  resigning  his  post  of  Judge  of  the 
Conrt  of  Common  Pleas  that  date.  From  Phil- 
adelphia he  wrote  in  September,  1777,  to  Jona- 
than Ti-umhnll,  Es(|.,  Governor  of  Connecticut. 


THOMAS  WILLIAMS 

(From  Abstracts  of  Wills  Dating  from  1690 
1760,  Recorded  in  Office  of  the  Secretary 
of  State,  Beaufort  County,  N.  C.) 


(Bv  D.  W.  :Morton,  mv  searchi 


N.  C) 


On  pa^c  41:!,  in  Abstract  iif  Wills.  IUnu 
County,  Will  of  Thomas  Williams,  datcil  V 
17th,  17r,7.  .Alarch  Court,  17riS,  Smi 
—land  on  the  east  side  of  the  mouth  of  IJath 
Town  ci-eck  bought  of  Wm.  Baker,  and  lot  in 
Bath  Town  No.  39.  Charles  and  John,  land  in 
the  foi'k  Cuckolds  Cieek.  Robert's  Daughters: 
Tempei'ance,  Ann,  Mar,\-,  Sarali  and  Ilannali 
Williams,  f^lizabeth  Pritchai'd,  land  in  the 
fork  of  Nevil's  Creek,  devised  to  son  Charles, 
Estate  in  England  and  Wales  oi-dei-ed  divided 
among  wife  and  children.  Executors:  Wyriott 
Ormand,  James  Ellison  Coleman,  Roy  and 
Thomas  Williams.  Witnesses:  Wm.  David,  Ja- 
cob Nevil,  Jr.,  Mosus  Nevil.  Clerk  of  the 
Court:  Wallev.     Chancei-v. 


NOTES   FROM   RECORDS   OF   CARTERET 

COUNTY,  N.  C. 

(By  D.  W.  Morton) 

Property  in  Carteret  County,  North  (Caro- 
lina, purchased  b.v  Robert  Williams,  M.  F. 
Williams'  gi-eat-gi'andfather : 


Book  G  &  11,  Page  172.  Deed  from  John  S. 
Sanders  to  Robert  Williams,  for  100  acres  of 
land  in  Carteret  County,  situated  on  the  north 
side  of  Newport  River.  Consideration  twenty 
pounds,  proclamation  money,  date  of  deed  June 
20th,  1765. 


Book  G  &  H,  Page  173.  Deed  from  John 
Sanders,  Carteret  County,  to  Robert  Williams 
of  Carteret  County,  for  100  acres  of  land  in 
Carteret  County,  on  the  east  side  of  Black 
Creek,  consideration  twenty  pounds,  proclama- 
tion money,  dated  June  20th,  1765. 


Book  G  &  II.  page  187.  Deed  from  Timothy 
&  Ben.]'auun  Olney  of  Carteret  County,  to  Rob- 
ert Williams  of  Cai'teret  County,  for  25  acres 
on  the  south  side  of  Taylor's  Creek  and  known 
l\v  the  name  of  \ho  white  house  place.  Consid- 
eration fifteen  ]ionnds,  deed  dated  June  21st, 
1765. 


Ik.ok  G  &  II,  page  188.  Deed  from  Timothy 
&  Ben.iamin  Olney  of  Carteret  County  to  Rob- 
ert Williams  of  Carteret  County  for  50  acres  of 
land,  known  hy  the  name  of  Taylor's  old  field. 
Considei-ation  forty-five  pounds,  deed  dated 
June  22nd,  1765. 


P.ook  G  &  II,  page  190.  Deed  from  Mary 
Wharton  of  Carteret  County,  to  Robert  Wil- 
liams of  the  town  of  Beaufort,  for  25  aci'es  on 
Taylor's  Creek.  Consideration  500  pounds, 
sterling  nnniey  of  Great  Britain,  deed  dated 
June  22nd,  1765. 


Book  G  &  II,  page  321.  Deed  from  John 
Binder  of  Craven  County  to  Robert  Williams, 
merchant,  of  Carteret  County,  for  two  aei-es  of 
land  on  Taylor's  Ci-eek.  Consideration  two 
pounds.    Deed  dated  July  22nd,  1767. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Book  H,  page  408.  Deed  from  Nathaniel 
Stowe  and  wife  Elizabeth  Stowe  of  Core  Sound, 
N.  C  to  Robert  Williams  of  the  town  of  New- 
Bern  &  the  Countjr  of  Graven,  for  640  acres  of 
land,  lying  on  Xewjiort  Sound;  Consideration 
120  pounds,  proclamation  money.  Deed  dated 
26th  day  of ,  1770. 


Book  H  &  I,  page  127.  Deed  from  Thomas 
Chadwick,  Sheriff  of  Carteret  County,  to  Rob- 
ert Williams,  merchant  of  New  Bern,  Ci'aven 
County.  X.  C.,  for  one-third  of  the  Grist  &  Saw 
Mill  on  Black  Creek.  The  several  tracts  com- 
bined containing  about  1200  acres.  Consider- 
ation :^71  pounds.  Deed  dated  September  13th, 
1773. 


Book  H.  &  I,  page  137.  Deed  from  Williams 
W.  Yates  of  Carteret  to  Robert  Williams  of 
Carteret  County,  for  a  tract  of  land  of  the  north 
side  of  Newport  River,  containing  15  acres. 
Consideration  40  pounds.  Deed  dated  June 
10th,  1775. 


Book  H,  page  280.  Deed  from  John  Easton 
of  Carteret  County,  to  Robert  Williams,  of  Din- 
nant,  in  the  said  County.  For  two  acres  on 
Black  Creek  including  the  Saw  &  Grist  mills 
on  Black  Creek,  also  640  acres  adjoining  said 
mills.  Consideration  four  thousand  pounds 
proclamation  money.  Deed  dated  September 
4th,  1779. 


Book  H,  Page  281.  Deed  from  Patrick  Con- 
ner of  Carteret  County,  to  Robert  Williams  of 
Carteret  County,  for  300  aci'cs  of  laud  in  Cra- 
ven &  Carteret  Counties,  between  Harlow's  and 
Clubfoot's  Creek.  Considei'ation  15  pounds. 
Deed  dated  September  24th,  1774. 


Book  H,  Page  283.  Deed  fronr  Robert  Dade 
&  Wife,  Stafford  County.  Virginia,  to  Robert 
Williams,  a  tract  of  land  in  Carteret  County, 
number  of  acres  not  given.  Consideration,  six- 
ty pounds.    Deed  dated  September  28th,  1775. 


PROPERTY    CONVEYED    BY    ROBERT 
AVILLIAMS 

Book  H,  Page  440.  Deed  of  Lease  from  Rob- 
ert Williams  to  Henry  Stanton,  for  2  acres  of 
land  and  Grist  &  Saw  Mill  on  Black  Creek  and 
land  adjoining.  Consideration,  five  pounds. 
Dated  Feb.  6th,  1771. 


Book  II.l.  Page  215.  Deed  from  Robert  WU- 
liams  of  Black  Creek,  Carteret  County,  to  John 
Waston  of  Carteret  County,  for  640  acres  of 
land  on  Black  Creek,  including  Saw  &  Grist 
Mill.  Consideration  450  pounds.  Deed  dated 
October  6th,  1777. 


Book  ILL  Page  245.  Deed  from  Robert  Wil- 
liams of  Carteret  County  to  Richai'd  Wade  of 
Craven  County  for  a  tract  of  land  on  the  east 
side  of  South  River,  containing  100  acres. 
Consideiation  eighty  pounds.  Dated  16th  day 
of  June,  1778. 


Book  K.  Page  23.  Grant  from  the  State  of 
North  Carolina  to  Robert  Williams  for  15  acres 
on  the  east  side  of  Black  Creek.  Grant  dated 
March  3rd,  1779.  Consideration  fifty  shillings 
for  every  hundred  acres. 


Book  K,  page  23.  Gi'ant  from  the  State  of 
North  Carolina  to  Robert  Williams,  for  93 
acres,  on  the  west  side  of  Black  Creek.  Con- 
sideration 50  shillings  for  every  hundred  acres. 
Grant  dated  March  3rd,  1779. 


Book  K.  Page  24.  Gi'ant  from  the  State  of 
North  Carolina  to  Robert  Williams,  for  a  tract 
of  laud  containing  93  acres  on  the  east  side  of 
Black  Creek.  Consideration  50  shillings  for 
eveiy  hundred  acres.  Grant  dated  Mch.  3rd, 
1779. 


R0BP:RT     WILLIAMS"     REAL     ESTATE 


Book  K,  Page  25.  Gi-ant  from  the  State  of 
North  Carolina  to  Robert  Williams  for  175 
acres,  lying  on  the  head  of  Black  Creek.  Con- 
sideration 50  shillings  for  every  one  hnndred 
acres.     Grant  dated  March  3rd,  1779. 


Book  K,  Page  26.  Deed  from  Thomas  Chad- 
wick,  high  Sheriff  of  Carteret  Connty,  to  Rob- 
ert Williams,  of  New  Bern,  Craven  County. 
Deed  for  several  tracts  of  land  on  the  north 
side  of  Newport  River,  and  on  Black  Creek,  in- 
cluding one-half  of  Carratt  Island.  Considera- 
tion 80  pounds.  Deed  dated  9th  day  of  No- 
vember, 1770. 


Book  L,  page  108.  Deed  of  "NVm.  Dennis, 
Sheriff",  Carteret  County,  to  Robert  Williams  of 
Carteret  County,  for  100  aci-es  of  land  on  the 
north  side  of  Newport  River  and  west  side  of 
Little  Creek.  Consideration  31  pounds.  Deed 
dated  Sept.  1st,  1786. 


Book  K,  Page  119.  Deed  from  Robert  Wil- 
liams of  Carteret  County,  to  Thomas  Chadwiek 
of  Carteret  County,  for  125  acres  of  land  on 
the  east  side  of  North  Rivei-.  Considei-ation  : 
38  pounds.    Deed  dated  July  19th,  1783. 


Book  L,  Page  18.  Deed  from  Robert  Wil- 
liams of  Carteret  County  to  ilalachi  Bell  foi'  I 
aei-e  situated  in  Beaufort  town.  Consideration 
seventy  pounds.  Deed  dated  September  20th. 
1786. 


Book  L.  Page  217.  Deed  from  Robert  Wil- 
liams of  Dinnant,  Carteret  County,  to  William 
Borden  of  Carteret  County,  for  100  acres  of 
land  on  north  side  of  Newport  River.  Consid- 
eration thirty-five  pounds.  Deed  dated  May 
12th,  1789. 


Book  L,  Page  289.  Deed  from  Robert  Wil- 
liams of  Carteret  County,  to  Joseph  Luck  of 
New  Bern,  Craven  County,  N.  C,  for  300  acres 
of  land  in  Carteret  &  Craven  Counties,  be- 
tween Harlowe  &  Clubfoot's  Creek.  Considera- 
tion, thii-ty  pounds.    Deed  dated  Feb.  4th,  1790. 


Book  0.  Page  168.  Benj.  Stanton  Executor, 
Robert  Williams  deceased,  to  Wm.  Dennis,  Jr., 
For  a  tract  of  land  or  uuirsh  on  the  west  side 
of  Newport  River,  30  acres.  Consideration, 
live  pounds.     Deed  dated  Feby.  16th,  1797. 


Book  0,  Page  168.  Benjamin  Stanton  Exec- 
utor, Robert  Williams  deceased,  to  Win.  Den- 
nis, Jr.,  For  a  tract  of  land  or  marsh  on  the 
west  side  of  Newport  River,  30  acres.  Consid- 
eration, tire  pounds.  Deed  dated  Feby.  16th, 
1797. 


ROBERT  WILLIAMS'  REPORT  ON  THE 
NEED  OF  SALT  MANUFACTURE 

Extract  from  State  Records,  Vol.  XXII, 
Page  739 

To  CORNELIUS  HARNET  From  ROBERT 
WILLIAMS 

New  Bern.  May  27th,  1776 

(By  D.  W.  Morton) 

To  Cornelius  Harnet.  President,  and  the  rest  of 
the  Council  for  North  Carolina  at  Wash- 
ington : 

I  have  viewed  with  serious  attention  the  situ- 
ation of  this  province  for  a  great  while,  and 
considered  what  it  must  sutt'er  this  winter, 
without  a  (|uantity  of  salt  can  be  made  with 
the  utmost  expedition  and  abundance  of  men 
employed  about  making  salt  raai'shes  after  the 
manner  of  France,  Portugal  and  Spain.  The 
season  will  be  over  in  August.  I  have  been 
long  in  possession  of  Browning  upon  Salt,  and 
have  made  it  my  study  for  many  years,   and 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


have  made  it  iny  business  when  in  Portugal  to 
go  and  view  their  salt  marshes  in  Lisbon.  I  was 
going  to  Halifax  some  time  since  to  propose  it 
to  the  Congress  there,  but  our  William  Thomp- 
son told  me  that  Avery  and  Blackledge  were 
appointed  and  only  600  pounds  allowed  to 
carry  on  the  work,  but  did  not  tell  me  he  was 
one  of  the  commissionei's  himself ;  nor  after 
my  appointment  would  he  consult  me  or  say 
a  Avord  about  it,  and  was  unwilling  to  sign 
along  with  me  a  letter  I  was  going  to  send 
and  since  delivered  myself  to  James  Coor, 
which  letter  I  also  showed  to  our  other  dele- 
gate. Solomon  Shepard,  who  also  took  no  notice 
of  it  and  seemed  quite  unconcerned.  Must 
leave  others  to  judge  from  whence  this  back- 
wardness proceeds.  When  I  found  I  was  ap- 
pointed a  fourtli  commissioner,  considering  the 
common  conseciuence,  the  need  of  dispatch,  the 
season  advancing  and  our  suitable  situation,  1 
was  in  ray  own  mind  so  sure  at  the  propriety, 
thinking  Thompson  would  join  and  encourage, 
that  1  had  engaged  men  to  make  wheels  and 
hand  harrows.  Was  going  to  raft  a  large  quan- 
tity of  fine  timber  John  Easton  had  ready,  and 
was  willing  to  risk  the  pay;  was  going  to  risk 
a  considerable  quantity  of  plant  I  had  myself, 
set  smiths  to  woi'k  and  produce  spades  and 
hoes  to  make  a  rough  shed  to  cook  and  eat 
under,  some  places  under  locks  to  keep  utensils 
and  provisions  when  we  get  them. 

The  salt  may  be  preserved  in  conical  heaps, 
as  I  have  seen  that  done  in  Portugal,  until  it  is 
carried  away,  and  it  will  not  receive  any  injury 
from  the  weather,  although  exposed  to  the 
open  air  for  three  years.  One  mask  or  marsh 
must  be  finished  first  and  will,  including  the 
banks,  be  about  240  feet  long  and  150  feet 
large ;  then  finish  another  as  fast  as  possible, 
etc.,  and  continue  at  it  as  long  as  the  season 
promises  anj'  advantage  from  additional  works. 
Must  refer  to  some  other  observations  in  the 
draught  of  the  letter  delivered  James  Coor. 

If  the  Council  think  well  to  employ  me  and 
make  rae  the  acting  Superintendent  upon  pay, 
and  allow  the  whole  country  of  4d  per  bushel 
to  myself,  delivering  all  accounts  upon  affirma- 
tion, appoint  paymasters  to  deliver  money  as 
materials  are  procured  and  work  faithfully 
done,  they  may  depend   on   the   vigorous   and  | 


steady  exei'tion  of  my  faculties ;  will  give  up 
my  time  for  the  purpose.  Have  hitherto 
fatigued  myself,  spent  money  and  time,  trav- 
eled upon  the  occasion  about  140  miles  at  differ- 
ent times  already,  without  any  view  of  superior 
advantage  above  the  rest  of  the  commissioners; 
but,  as  some  pull  back  and  others  do  not  ap- 
pear, I  will  not  be  packhorse  for  others  to  share 
the  i^rofits. 

I  cannot  tell,  nor  anybody  else  from  a  right 
judgnu^nt,  how  long  we  shall  be  in  getting  the 
materials  and  making  the  first  division  or 
marsh  of  18  salt  beds,  but  would  be  in  hopes 
that  after  we  got  in  the  way  we  should  make 
another  every  succeeding  week. 

We  have  reason  to  expect  that  every  salt 
marsh  of  18  salt  beds  will  make  between  25  and 
40  bushels  a  (l;iy  in  hot,  dry  weather. 

All  workmen  to  be  employed  as  cheap  as 
possible.  Would  suppose  the  daily  expenses 
may  be  guessed  at  nearly  thus,  including  pro- 
visions, which,  however,  must  be  provided  sep- 
arate : 

8  Best  workmen  at  !)s.  8d Pounds  3-17-4 

8  Inferior  ones  5s.  4d 2-  2-8 

30  Laborers  (inferior),  3s.  8d.  .  5-10-0 

Superintendent    0-15-0 


Daily  expenses Pounds  12-  5-0 

For  sixty  ihiys.  makes Pounds  735-  0-0 

Sundry  materials,   suppose....  340-  0-0 


Pounds  1075-  0-0 

I  wish  that  and  much  moi-e  might  be  laid  out 
for  the  public  good,  and  that  more  laborers 
might  be  employed  with  propriety,  as  every 
day  now  is  of  the  utmost  eonse(|uence.  Many 
marshes  ought  to  be  now  finished  and  more 
carrying  on. 

If  there  is  no  salt  made  it  will  recpiire  but 
little  force  to  subdue  and  starve  the  province, 
which  next  spring  must  and  will  fall,  of  course, 
and  tumble  down  of  itself,  like  an  old  house 
in  a  calm.  If  what  I  have  offered  is  worthy 
of  acceptance  in  receiving  ordei-s,  I  shall  be 
ready  at  an  hour's  warning,  and  some  money 


ROBERT    WILLIAMS'    SALT     WORKS 


must  be  lodged  immediately  in  a   safe   hand 
that  may  be  confided  in  New  Bern. 

Would'  recommend  John  Easton,  an  honest 
man.  to  provide  provision  and  to  be  paymaster 
at  Core  Sound. 

If  the  formality  of  bonds  be  thought 
requisite,  'tis  best  not  to  retard  the  work  but 
do  that  part  as  soon  as  may  be  after  'tis 
going  on. 

I  am,  with  due  regard,  the  Council's  assured 
and  affectionate  friend, 

ROBERT  WILLIAMS. 


SALT  WORKS  AUTHORIZED 

Extracts  from  Colonial  Record,  Vol.  X,  Page  538 
(By  1).  W.  Morton) 

It  is  the  further  opinion  of  this  committee 
that  works  be  establi.shed  in  the  Province  of 
North  Carolina  for  the  purpose  of  making- 
common  salt,  and  that  Waightstill  Avery,  Wil- 
liams Thompson,  Richard  Blackledge  and 
Robert  Williams  be  commissioners  to  erect 
wdiks  iiecessaiy  for  that  purpose  and  to  carry 
on  the  pi-iiccss,  and  obtain  all  possible  infor- 
mation relative  to  the  same;  and  that  they 
be  approveil  to  draw  upon  the  Treasui'v  for  a 
.sum  not  exceeding  2000  pounds  to  pay  the 
expenses  of  erecting  such  works,  and  providing 
all  materials,  implements  and  utensils  proper 
to  be  made  use  of,  and  that  such  work  be  fixed 
in  such  part  of  the  sea  coast  where  they  will 
be  best  secured  fi'om  the  annoyance  of  the 
enemy,  and  to  tend  to  furnish  the  colony  with 
the  greatest  (luantity  of  that  necessary  article, 
and  that  the  said  directors  give  bond,  with 
sufficient  security,  for  the  faithful  discharge 
of  the  trust  reposed  upon  them,  and  the  due 
application  of  all  such  monies  which  may  be 
advanced  them ;  and  that  over  and  above  their 
reasonable  expenses,  be  allowed  the  sum  of  4d. 
(for  the  space  of  two  years  fi'om  the  last  day 
of  August  next)  for  every  bushel  of  salt  manu- 
factured by  them,  and  delivered  to  such  per- 
sons as  shall  be  directed  to  receive  the  same, 
for  the  public  use:  and  that  the  said  commis- 


sioners, after  fixing  upon  a  proper  place  on 
the  sea  coast  for  the  manufacture  of  common 
salt,  do  purchase  the  same  of  the  proprietor 
or  proprietors  thereof  for  and  in  behalf  of  the 
public  of  this  Province  upon  the  most  reason- 
able terms,  and  give  a  draft  for  the  same  on 
either  of  the  Treasurers  of  this  Province,  who 
shall  be  allowed  the  same  in  the  settlement  of 
his  accoimts  Avith  the  public;  and  that  the 
conveyance  for  the  same  shall  be  taken  in  the 
name  of  the  President  and  his  successors  of 
this  Congress,  for  and  in  behalf  of  this  Prov- 
ince, and  that  said  conveyance  shall  be  taken 
in  fee  simple. 


ROBERT   WILLIAMS   STARTS  THE  WORK 

Extract  from  State  Record.  Vol.  XXII, 
Page  738 

From  Robert  Williams  to  James  Coor 

(By  D.  W.  Morton) 

Dinnant.  Carteret  Couut.v, 

5th  month,  the  19th,  1776. 

Esteemed  Friend;  By  Captain  Ward  I  re- 
ceived a  copy  of  a  minutes  made  by  the  Con- 
gress appointing  me  a  Fourth  Connnissioner 
for  carrying  on  of  salt  woi-ks,  and  as  I  remem- 
ber he  told  me  it  \vas  of  thy  promising,  I  am 
glad  thou  hast  the  interest  of  the  Count.y  so 
much  at  heart.  Depend  upon  it,  I  will  exei't 
myself,  as  the  preservation  of  the  Province 
depends  upon  it  as  much  as  upon  arms  and 
warlike  stores,  and  must  be  entered  upon  im- 
mediately. I  shall  not  wait  for  Blackledge  nor 
Avery.  I  hope  my  exertion  will  prove  to  gen- 
eral advantage  and  will  meet  the  approbation 
of  the  Public.  We  shall  take  the  advice  of 
every  man  worthy  of  consulting.  Wish  Black- 
ledge and  Avery  were  here,  but  will  delay  no 
time,  as  the  season  will  not  admit  of  dallying 
and  doing  of  business  after  the  usual  Cai'olina 
fashion.  I  am  going  tomorrow  about  making 
of  hand  barrows  but  will  not  avail  to  set  up 
such  works  without  they  are  defended,  nor  can 
the.v  be  depended  except  every  man  is  confined 
in  his  own  home,  and  that  speedil.v,  be  the 
works  set  up  where  they  maj'.     Do  not  mind 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Avhat  I  say.  We  know,  not  air-'K)ur  friends,  or 
at  least,  cannot  depend  on  everyone  that  pre- 
tends to  be  so.  There  have  been  private  emis- 
saries at  Halifax,  and  the  accursed  thing  has 
been  in  our  camp.  I  am  sure  of  it.  I  do  not 
want  to  be  tedious,  nor  have.but  little  time  to 
enlarge,  but  let  me  beg  thyself  and  others  who 
may  be  in  authority  immediately  to  keep  at 
home  all  persons  not  employed  in  the  public 
cause,  and  that  neither  strangers  nor  neigh- 
bors be  suifered  to  pass  without  permission. 
A  message  ought  immediately  to  be  sent  to 
caution  them  appointed  at  Onslow  not  to  trust 
or  suffer  any  man  to  pass.  Neither  hair  dress- 
ers nor  fiddlers,  nor  think  they  are  safe  to 
confide  in  any  man  altho'  he  may  bring  his 
moulded  brock  and  clouted  shoes.  I  am  sure 
I  am  right,  and  that  my  advice  ought  to  be 
put  into  immediate  execution.  Do  procure  all 
the  spades  in  town  and  if  possible  all  or  part 
made  use  of  at  your  post.  T  am  thy  affectionate 
and  assured  friend, 

ROBERT  WILLIAMS. 


Extract  from  Colonial  Record  of  N.  C. 
Vol.  X,  Page  620 


(By  D.  W.  Moi'ton) 


Friday,  Ji 


(th,   1776. 


Met  aecoi'ding  to  Adjournment. 

Resolved,  That  the  Treasurers  or  either  of 
them  place  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  John  Easton 
of  Carteret  County,  for  the  immediate  use  of 
carrying  on  a  Salt  Work  in  the  said  County, 
the  sum  of  five  hundred  pounds  to  be  paid  to 
Mr.  Robert  Williams  occasionally,  for  the  pur- 
pose aforesaid,  and  that  they  be  allo^^■ed  the 
same  in  their  Accounts  with  the  Public. 

Mr.  Arthur  Mabson  appeared  in  Council  and 
agreed  to  sell  them  for  the  use  of  the  public 
a  certain  Tract  of  Land  in  Carteret  County 
near  Beauford,  containing Acres,  com- 
monly called  Gallant's  Point,  which  place  is 
judged  convenient  for  making  salt;  the  value 
to  be  ascei'tained  by  two  persons,  one  to  be 
chosen  by  ^Ii'.  Mabson,  the  other  by  the  Coun- 


cil, which  being  agreed  to,  Mr.  Richard  Cogdell 
of  New  Bern  and  Mr.  Solomon  Sheppard  of 
Carteret  County  were  appointed  to  value  the 
said  land. 


From  State  Record  of  North  Carolina, 
Vol.  XXII,  Page  745 

From  ROBERT  WILLIAMS  to  the  Council 

(By  D.  W.  Morton) 

Beaufort,   Carteret  County, 

June  the  20th,  1776. 

Respected  Friends : 

The  16th  1  found  a  few  lines  from  James 
Coor,  dated  7th  of  June,  left  in  a  public  house 
in  Beaufort.  I  expected  a  matter  of  so  much 
importance  would  have  been  forwarded  with 
more  expedition  and  care.  John  Easton  re- 
ceived the  letter  to  him  the  day  before  and  sent 
express  immediately  to  my  house — 20  miles, 
that's  the  distance.  But  he  knew  not  there  was 
any  letter  for  me,  and  I  Avondered  to  receive 
orders  or  intimation  at  second  hand ;  however, 
went  to  Beaufort  the  day  following,  and  Avent 
home  the  same  evening,  dissatisfied  with  the 
laconic  contents  of  my  Friend  Coor's  epistle, 
giving  account  indeed  of  ray  letter  being  laid 
before  you,  and  that  500  pounds  was  ordered 
for  the  present  into  John  Easton 's  hands  to 
carry  on  salt  works.  But  'tis  not  so  expre-ssive 
as  I  could  wish,  as  I  know  not  upon  what  terms 
I  am  going  to  neglect  my  own  business,  which 
is  not  trifling,  to  begin  great  works  when  the 
season  is  far  advanced  and  but  every  re(|uisite 
wanting  in  a  place  where  they  are  very  difficult 
to  procui-e. 

The  resolves  of  the  Congress  I  had  before, 
and  I  do  not  consider  myself  as  acting  under 
that  capacity  but  as  director  and  superintend- 
ent at  15  shillings  per  diem  works  are  carried 
on  and  the  overlooking  of  the  people  necessary. 
I  am  glad  .you  propose  John  Easton  as  Com- 
missioner, as  he  will  be  of  great  service  and 
necessary  assistance  to  me ;  has  exerted  himself 
a   great  deal  already,   but  I  will  never   agree 


SALT    WOKKS    REPORTS 


that  any  other  man  shall  share  in  the  hounty 
or  to  keep  more  eats  than  catches  mice. 

I  brought  my  eircumferentor  and  chain  down 
and  with  John  Easton  sons  and  others,  went 
and  laid  off  ten  acres  and  40ps  on  Gallant's 
Neck,  viz :  82  po.  on  front  and  20  poles  back. 
There  is  good  clay  there  but  does  not  go  so 
deep  as  I  eovild  wish.  However,  what  we  may 
want  in  depth  I  will  add  in  the  surface  of  my 
reservoir  parts,  and  it  will  exhale  the  faster. 
1  have  sent  people  off  for  Easton  "s  Tun  Timber, 
advertised  for  spades  and  have  some  promised. 
Have  engaged  men  to  make  wheel  barrows  and 
raft  down  plank.  Have  ordered  nails  to  be 
made. 

Easton  is  now  sending  off  to  New  Bern  for 
pork,  etc.  Everj^thing  that  is  possible  shall  be 
done.  But  if  I  was  much  younger  and  had 
a  back  of  steel,  the  season  is  too  far  advanced 
to  do  great  mattei-s.  Would  have  declined  it 
altogether,  but  as  I  had  offered  my  services 
was  afraid  the  public  would  have  blamed  me 
for  not  using  my  endeavors.  I  have  already 
traveled  200  miles,  on  the  occasion.  Neglected 
my  own  business  of  rice  planting,  to  my  evi- 
dent prejudice  of  about  80  pounds.  Perhaps 
you  will  blame  me  for  such  strong  inclination 
of  being  of  public  service ;  as  in  general  charity 
begins  at   home. 

T  am,  with  due  regards,  your  assured  fi'iend. 

ROBERT  WILLIAilS. 

To  the  Council. 


Extracts  from  Colonial  Record,  Vol.  X, 
Page  723 

Letter  from  Robert  Williams  to  Council  of 

Safety 

^By  D.  W.  Morton) 

C'artei-et  County.  August  the  5th,  1776. 
To  the  Council : 

Yours  of  the  11th  ulto.  I  rec'd  the  26th  by 
Blackledge.  I  have  finished  my  first  works 
^nd  let  on  watei'Jast  Thursday  the  3rd  instant 


Expect  to  make  salt  in  4  or  5  days ;  if  we  have 
good  weather  I  have  no  doubt  of  success ;  1 
thought  the  exigencies  of  the  province  called 
for  a  quantity  rather  than  a  sample,  however 
must  and  will  in  some  measures  submit  to  your 
orders.  Let  the  public  I  have  been  so  anxious 
about  suffer  what  they  may  by  leaving  off  the 
works,  but  hope  to  finish  a  Second  Division  (or 
work)  in  about  a  week.  If  I  by  so  doing  trans- 
gress your  orders,  must  pay  what  I  lay  out 
amiss.  Have  discharged  most  of  the  people  at 
high  wages,  which  was  necessary  as  I  have  no 
money  for  them  at  present ;  and  my  common 
laborers  I  have  reduced  to  about  30,  and  as  it 
appears  you  have  no  great  confidence  in  my 
integrity,  or  are  diffident  of  my  abilities,  I  shall 
always  be  willing  to  ciuit  your  service,  and  hope 
to  see  you  soon,  with  account  of  cjuantity  and 
sample  of  the  quality  of  salt.  I  am,  as  usual, 
an  entii-e  well  Avisher  of  the  good  of  the  prov- 
ince. 

Your 

ROBERT  WILLL4MS. 


Extracts  from  Colonial  Record,  Vol.  X, 
Page  724 

Letter  from  John  Easton  to  the   Council   of 
Safety 

(By  D.  W.  Morton) 


Sir: 


Beaufort,  6th  August,  1776. 


Your  honoi'able  lioai'd  were  pleased  to  order 
five  hundred  pounds  to  be  deposited  in  my 
hands  to  be  paid  to  Robert  Williams  occasion- 
ally for  carrying  into  execution  Public  Salt 
Works.  I  have  now  to  inform  you  that  it  is 
expended.  I  could  not  prevail  on  Mr.  Williams 
to  have  the  process  fully  demonstrated  with 
that  money;  have  frequently  told  him  that  it 
was  the  intention  of  the  Council  of  Safety,  but 
he  being  so  confident  of  it  himself  extended  his 
works  to  a  second  division.  I  am,  however,  in 
hopes  it  ma.v  still  an.swer  a  public  purpose,  am 
confident    salt   will    make   in    others ;   the   first 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


division  has  liad  water  on  the  beds  four  days. 
am  in  hopes  iu  4  more  salt  will  begin  to  make, 
after  whieh  should  it  continue  dry  it  will  make 
fast.  The  second  division  is  going  on,  will  be 
completed  in  15  or  16  days;  then  men  at  high 
wages  are  discharged,  so  that  am  in  hopes  it 
will  be  carried  on  with  less  expense  than  the 
first.  I  have  done  everything  in  my  power  to 
lengthening  out  the  £500.  I  have  advanced 
money  toward  carrying  on  the  works  hoping  it 
may  meet  with  your  approbation,  as  I  think  it 
may  be  of  use  to  the  public  as  the  works  are 
so  far  gone  on  with  to  have  it  finished,  it  is 
clear  to  me  that  the  place  where  they  are  fixed 
is  equal  to  any  of  the  Province  for  the  purpose ; 
it  is  well  sheltered  against  storms  and  I  think 
the  works  are  proof  against  a  hurricane,  as 
they  are  well  executed  and  the  water  equally 
salt.  As  no  provision  has  been  made  for  fur- 
nishing the  independent  company's  with  fire 
arms  I  have  ventured  to  deliver  out  to  Captain 
Ward's  company  what  guns  I  have  purchased 
for  the  pul)lic  and  take  his  Rec't  for  the  de- 
livery of  them  wlien  called  for.  I  hope  the 
t'ouneil  of  Safety  will  favor  me  with  a  letter 
informing  how  far  they  may  approve  of  my 
advancing  for  finishing  the  second  division  of 
Salt  Works,  as  likewise  my  letting  out  the 
fire  arms  as  mentioned  above.  I  am.  with  due 
regards, 

Your   Obedt.   Humble   Servt., 

JOHN  EASTON. 


From  Colonial  Record  of  North  Carolina, 
Vol.  X,  Page  739 

Letter  from  Enoch  Ward  to  the  North 

Carolina  Council  of  Safety 

(By  D.  W.  Morton) 

Beaufort,  9th  August,  1776. 

Sir: 

The  man  whose  house  we  have  occupied  as 
bari'acks  grows  uneasy  foi'  fear  he  should  gctt 


no  pay  and  talks  of  taking  the  house,  which 
if  he  should  the  soldiers  would  be  destitute  of 
a  place  to  shelter  themselves  in.  I  shall  be 
glad  to  know  from  your  Honble  Board  what 
provision  hath  been  made  for  quartering  troops 
or  how  far  I  may  give  encouragement  to  the 
owner  of  the  house  for  making  him  pa.v.    I  am 

Your  Obedt.   Humble  Scrvt., 

ENOCH  W^ARD. 


Letter  from  Robert  Williams  to  the  North 
Carolina  Council  of  Safety 

Salt  Works,  Carteret  County 

August  the  9th.  1776. 

In  my  last  I  ac(|uainted  you  how  and  when 
I  laid  water  on  the  first  salt  works.  Diderick 
Gibble  is  now  scraping  up  of  a  little  salt  that 
is  made  on  such  parts  of  the  beds  as  became 
bare.  The  Avater  was  laid  on  the  whole  of  the 
works  from  the  river,  but  now  the  brine  pits 
and  salt  pits  are  greatl,y  saturated,  to  be  iish- 
ered  on  the  salt  beds  gently  this  evening. 
Please  observe  the  first  water  was  in  its  natural 
state,  the  earth  plank  and  timber  imbibing  the 
l5cst  particles,  so  that  I  would  not  have  at- 
tempted to  keep  the  water  down  but  for  sample 
sake  and  in  hopes  to  satisfie  the  impatience  of 
the  public,  in  hopes  yourselves  and  them  will 
receive  more  agreeable  aects.  as  soon  as  time 
and  season  will  admit.  It  seems  as  if  my 
second  work  will  be  finished  or  in  great  for- 
wardness the  following  week.  But  as  the 
people  have  got  a  report  among  them  that  I 
am  to  have  no  more  money,  I  am  in  great  meas- 
ure, nay  altogether  responsible  for  their  wages, 
as  the  500  pounds  is  already  and  more  ex- 
pended. The  weather  has  been  unfavorable 
and  we  have  had  two  I'ains  since  I  laid  on 
water. 

I  am  in  great  haste,  tho'  as  usual  yours, 

ROBERT  WILLIAMS. 


ROBERT    WILLI A]\[S'    WILL 


From  Colonial  Record  of  North  Carolina, 
Vol.  X,  Page  999 

The  eonimittee  appointed  to  iiKjuire  into  the 
state  and  condition  of  the  salt  works  at  or  near 
Core  Sound,  in  Carteret  County,  under  the 
management  of  Robert  Williams,  reported  as 
follows,  viz: 

That  it  appears  by  account  rendered  by  said 
Robert  Williams  on  his  solemn  affirmation, 
that  he  hath,  including  his  own  charge  for 
superintending  and  attendance  on  this  con- 
gress, etc.,  expended  on  said  salt  works  the 
sum  of  856  pounds  9s.  lid. ;  that  he  has  received 
from  the  public  by  the  hands  of  Mr.  John 
Easton  the  siuu  of  500  pounds,  and  for  sundry 
provisions,  etc.,  to  the  amount  of  24  pounds 
10s.,  and  agreeable  to  the  charges  in  the  said 
account,  a  balance  of  332  pounds  7d.  is  due 
to  the  said  Robert  Williams  for  his  own  labor, 
and  wages  to  the  people  he  employed  on  the 
works,  and  material  puj-chased  for  the  purpose. 
Your  committee  are  further  of  opinion,  from 
the  best  information  they  have  procured,  that 
the  said  salt  works  are  incomplete,  and  not 
likely  to  answer  the  good  purposes  intended, 
and  that  it  would  not  be  prudent  to  be  at  any 
more  expense  about  them,  until  a  more  perfect 
in(|uii-y  can  be  made. 

Your  committee  are  furthci-  of  opinion  that 
the  Treasurers,  or  eithei'  of  them,  be  directed 
to  pay  unto  Mr.  John  Easton  the  aforesaid 
balance  of  332  pounds  7d.,  in  oi-dei'  that  he  ma.v 
be  enabled  to  pay  people  employed  on  said  salt 
works.  Finally,  it  i.s  the  opinion  of  your  com- 
mittee that  the  said  Robert  Williams  deliver 
into  the  hands  of  IMr.  John  Ea.ston,  of  the  Town 
of  Beaufort,  all  the  materials,  tools  and  utensils 
he  may  have  in  custody,  and  purchased  for  said 
works,  and  now  to  be  found,  to  be  kept  by  said 
Mr.  John  Easton  for  the  use  of  the  public  until 
further  orders. 

CHRIST  XEALE,  ChMJ™. 


ONLY   RECORD    FOUND    OF    ROBERT 
W1LLIA:\IS'  WILL 

Book  L,  page  309.    Benjamin  Stanton  of  Car- 
teret County,  N.  C,  acting  Trustee  and  exec- 


utor of  the  Estate  of  Robert  Williams,  de- 
ceased, late  of  Carteret  County,  N.  C.  To  Wil- 
liam Fisher,  Carteret  County:  Whereas  the 
said  Robert  Williams  did  by  his  last  will,  dated 
Sept.  2nd,  in  the  year  of  1790,  nominate  and 
appoint  the  said  Benj.  Stanton  with  sundry 
other  persons  as  Trustees  and  Executors  to 
manage  and  settle  all  the  worldly  affairs  after 
his  decease,  giving  them  full  power  and  author- 
ity to  sell  and  dispose  of  so  much  of  every  part 
of  his  estate  whatever  real  or  personal  as  they 
should  find  necessary  for  discharging  the  said 
debts  brought  against  the  estate,  having  due 
regard  at  the  same  time  to  the  welfare  and 
support  of  his  family,  whereas  the  said  Benj. 
Stanton,  who  is  the  only  person  who  has  since 
been  qualified  to  act  as  aforesaid,  has  after 
advice  and  due  consideration  found  it  mo.st 
considerate  witli  tlie  intuition  of  the  said  Tes- 
tator and  least  iujui-ious  to  the  welfai-e  of  his 
family,  to  sell  the  Mills  on  Black  Creek,  with 
1000  acres  of  land  lying  contiguous  thereto, 
and  accoi'dingly  on  the  da.y,  the  date  hereof 
being  the  ISth  day  of  March,  1791,  the  said 
mill  and  land  being  set  up  at  public  sale  and 
struck  ofl"  to  the  aforesaid  Win.  Fisher  for  900 
pounds  current  money  of  the  State  aforesaid, 
the  receipt  whereof  the  said  Benjamin  Stanton 
(l()1li  hereby  acknowledge,  etc. 


D.  W.  MORTON'S  REPORT 
Received  of  Robert  Williams'  Executors 

December  Teinn  of  Court,  1790.  Recorded  in 
Minute  Book,  dating  from  1787  to  1792,  page 
24,  as  follows:  Last  will  and  testament  of 
Robert  Williams,  deceased,  therein  appointing 
Benjamin  Stanton,  Senior,  Tably  John  Green, 
Executors,  proved  by  affirmation  of  Wm.  Stan- 
ton at  the  same  time.  Benjamin  Stanton  come 
into  court  and  was  qualified  as  Executor. 

On  page  No.  28,  same  book,  I  find  the  follow- 
ing entry:  Benjamin  Stanton  retui'ned  into 
court  the  inventory  of  the  estate  of  Robert 
Williams. 

On  page  No.  34,  same  book,  I  find  the  follow- 
ing enti'y :  Joseph  Leech  produced  a  deed  in 
open  court  from  Robert  Williams,  deceased,  to 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


him,  the  said  Leech,  for  300  acres  of  land  in 
Craven  and  Carteret  Counties,  between  Har- 
lowe  and  Clubfoot's  Creel?,  which  was  proved 
in  Craven  County  in  March,  1790,  by  the  oath 
of  Joseph  Gaskins  and  recorded  in  the  office 
of  the  said  County,  ordered  the  same  to  be 
registered  in  the  office  of  this  County. 

On  page  No.  35,  same  book,  I  find  the  follow- 
ing :  A  Deed  of  Sale  from  Benj.  Stanton,  Exec- 
utor to  the  last  will  and  testament  of  Robert 
Williams,  deceased,  for  100  acres  of  land  on 
Black  Creek,  proved  by  the  oath  of  Michael 
Fisher,  ordered  to  be  registered,  1791. 


LETTER  FROM  R.  W.  HAMPTON 
(Cousin  of  M.  F.  Williams) 

Whittier,  la.,  2/13/18. 

M.  F.  Williams. 

Dear  Cousin : 

Now,  in  reply  to  thy  letter  of  2  9/18  I  will 
say  that  I  beg  leave  to  differ  with  thee  in 
regard  to  Grandmother  Williams  being  blind. 
It  was  Great  Grandmother  Shoebridge  Wil- 
liams. I  very  well  remember  seeing  her  differ- 
ent times  and  that  she  was  blind.  I  am  not 
sure,  but  I  was  at  her  funeral  at  Somerton, 
somewhere  in  the  1840s.  I  was  at  either  her 
funeral  or  Uncle  Richard's  funeral,  thy  father's 
brother.  I  am  not  certain  which — I  think  there 
were  not  many  years  between  their  deaths. 

But  Grandmother  Sarah  Arnold  Williams 
lived  a  good  many  years  after  Great  Grand- 
mother and  used  to  come  to  see  us,  her  and 
Grandfather,  both.  She  died  some  time  before 
Grandfather,  who  died  in  the  fall  of  1856. 

I  saw  him  a  short  time  previous  to  his  death. 
He  died  at  the  ridge  at  Uncle  James  Gibbons'. 

Now  a  few  words  about  thy  Father,  Robert 
Williams.  He  was  a  remarkable  man  in  many 
ways.  He  was  a  gTeat  friend  to  the  African 
race.  A  staunch  anti-slavery  man.  Also  a 
great  temperance  advocate.  I  remember  once 
he  took  some  marketing  to  Wheeling  when  he 
lived  near  Somerton,  and  amongst  the  things 


he  took  was  some  com  which  he  sold,  and  when 
he  found  that  they  expected  to  make  whiskey 
of  it  he  would  not  let  them  have  it. 

He  was  a  man  that  I  thought  a  great  deal  of, 
although  I  very  ungratefully  used  him  one  fall 
after  I  worked  through  the  summer  with  Uncle 
Samuel  Williams  and  had  partaken  largely  of 
his  hospitality.  He  was  going  to  put  up  a  bam, 
I  think,  and  he  wanted  me  to  help  him  put  it 
up.  I  wanted  to  come  back  to  Iowa  and  did 
not  help  him.  I  have  no  doubt  but  I  have  re- 
gretted it  hundreds  of  times  since.  It  was 
certainly  a  very  mean  trick.  I  remember  on 
one  occasion  when  we  lived  at  the  Ridge  he 
carried  a  cider  barrel  from  their  home  five 
miles  on  his  shoulders,  and  if  my  memory  serves 
me  right,  he  said  that  he  never  stopped  to  rest 
on  the  whole  distance.  But  I  hardly  see  how 
that  could  be. 

He  was  a  very  hard  working,  industrious 
man,  and  very  honest,  trustful,  kind  and  lib- 
eral. We  are  having  it  a  little  warmer  here.  I 
am  sorry  that  I  have  encroached  so  much  on 
thy  time  to  read  such  a  long  letter,  so  will, 
close,  as  ever  thy  cousin, 

R.  W.  HAMPTON. 

Note:  IMy  father's  brother,  Richard  Wil- 
liams, died  June  15,  1843,  at  the  age  of  19 ; 
great  grandmother  Anne  Shoebridge  Williams 
died  June  9,  1815,  at  the  age  of  97,  both  at 
Somerton,  0.  Grandmother  Sarah  Arnold  Wil- 
liams died  May  20,  1856,  and  grandfather  Sam- 
uel Williams  died  Nov.  4,  1856. 


D.  W.  MORTON'S  LETTER 
My  North  Carolina  Searcher 

Beaufort,  N.  C,  May  23rd,  1919. 

Mr.  M.  F.  Williams, 

St.  Louis,  Mo. 
My  dear  Sir; 

Your  valued  favor  of  the  20th  received,  same 
carefully  noted.  Now,  as  to  the  rebuilding  the 
old  Williams  Mill  at  Black  Creek,  vdll  say  that 


THE    STANTON    FAMILY 


my  father  was  a  practical  man  and  had  ideas  of 
his  own,  and  invariably  accomplished  what  he 
set  out  to  do,  and  consequently  the  old  Wil- 
liams Mill  was  rebuilt  under  his  supervision. 

Now  I  see  you  are  interested  in  the  Stantons 
and  I  will  endeavor  to  give  you  a  little  history 
taken  from  our  records  on  file  here.  Ths  ori- 
ginal and  the  first  of  the  Stantons  to  settle  in 
this  country  was  Henry  Stanton,  who  came  to 
this  country  from  either  England  or  Scotland, 
and  located  on  what  is  now  known  as  Core 
Creek,  about  eight  miles  from  Beaufort,  N.  C. 
This  was  in  1721.  His  first  purchase  of  land 
in  this  country  was  1900  acres.  Henry  Stanton 
died  in  Carteret  County,  near  Beaufort,  July, 


President  Lincoln's  cabinet.  James  Stanton, 
brother  of  Benjamin,  was  the  father  of  Owen 
Stanton.  Owen  had  several  children,  among 
whom  was  Jonathan  Stanton.  Jonathan  had 
several  children,  viz:  W.  P.,  B.  F.,  John  W. 
and  daughters  Mary  and  Elizabeth.  B.  F. 
Stanton  was  the  father  of  my  wife  (Minnie  M. 
Morton.)  One  of  the  Stanton  girls,  I  think  her 
name  was  Hope,  married  one  Benjamin  Borden 
along  about  1760.  These  Bordens  are  related 
to  the  Gail  Borden  who  puts  up  the  famous 
brand  of  Borden's  condensed  milk. 

Very  truly  yours, 

D.  W.  MORTON. 


Cut   Xo.    :;ti7 — D.    W.    Morton    and   wife 


1751,  leaving  the  follov«ng  children:  Henry, 
Joseph,  John  and  Benjamin;  and  daughters, 
Hannah  Spooner,  Mary  Albinston  and  Sarah. 
Benjamin  was  one  of  the  executors  of  the 
Robert  Williams  will,  and  as  such  sold  property 
to  William  Fisher.  Benjamin  Stanton  died 
July,  1799,  leaving  the  following  children,  viz: 
James  Stanton.  Henry  Stanton  and  Benjamin 
Stanton;  daughters,  Elizabeth  Scott  and  Sarah 
Williams.  Benjamin  Stanton,  Jr.,  being  a 
Quaker  and  was  opposed  to  slavery,  set  his 
negroes  free  and  moved  to  Jefferson  County, 
Ohio,  on  or  about  1812  or  13.  Benjamin  Stan- 
ton, who  moved  to  Ohio,  was  the  father  of  Ed- 
ward M  Stanton,  who  was  Secretary  of  War  in 


LETTER  FROM  FLORA  WILLIAMS 

Dear  Cousin  Milton : 

I  am  pnclosing  sonic  data  that  may  be  of  use 
to  you,  but  if  you  want  my  own  family  history 
in  its  completeness  as  regards  dates  of  births, 
deaths,  marriages,  etc.,  you  will  have  to  get  it 
from  Mortimer,  as  he  has  the  old  family  Bible 
ill  which  those  things  are  recorded.  If  I  can 
help  you  in  any  way  do  not  hesitate  to  let  me 
know  as  accuracy  is  the  thing  in  a  work  of 
this  sort. 

Your  lovin}>-  cousin, 


Wheeling,  W.  Va., 
March  13th,  1915. 


FLORA. 


THE     WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


The  following  was  all  I  was  able  to  glean 
from  Aunt  Sarah  Williams'  conversation  in 
regard  to  the  family  connections  on  the  Hamp- 
ton side.  There  is  a  romantic  story  told  of  the 
first  Hughes  who  came  to  America,  buying'  an 
Irish  girl  stolen  by  the  sailors  and  bringing  her 
with  him  to  this  country,  and  when  she  was  16 
years  old  he  married  her.  She  was  Grand- 
mother Hampton's  grandmother,  or  mother,  I 
don 't  know  which. 

Michael  Hughes'  father  (?)  married  the  girl 
stolen  from  Ireland. 

Michael  Hughes  married  Sarah  Mears.  Their 
children  were: 

Owen,  Alex,  Samuel,  George,  Mary,  Joseph, 
Jane— the  latter  was  married  to  Amos  Hamp- 
ton and  became  our  grandmother. 

Samuel  Mears  married  Rebecca. 

George  Mears  married  Miss  Letsworth. 

In  Amos  Hampton's  family  (brothers  and 
sisters)   were  the  following: 

Amos.  David,  Mary,  John,  Etlian,  Joseph, 
Abner,  Samuel,  Jonathan,  Anne  and  Hannah. 

Abner  married  Betsy  Hoagland. 

Samuel  married  Bets.y  Evans. 

Ethan  married  Mary  Stratton. 

Hannah  married  Johnathan  Thomas. 

Anne  married  Jesse  Evans  and  Geo.  Johns. 

Among  the  Hughes: 

Mary  Hughes  married  Peter  Oliver,  Owen 
Hughes  went  West,  Samuel  Hughes  married 
Peggy  Ti'outman. 

Among  the  relatives  are  the  following  names  : 

Mahlon  Hibbs  and  Lee  Hibbs,  Jason  Hibbs, 
Aunt  Patty  Coffman,  Aunt  Betsy  Innet,  Aunt 
Nancy  Lee,  Polly  Brown   (Dyers). 

Selinda  Hughes  was  George's  daughter. 


LETTER   PROM   FLORA  WILLIAMS 
(My  Cousin) 

Wheeling,  W.  Ya., 

Dec.  31/17. 
Dear  Cousin  Milton: 

In  reply  to  .your  favor  of  the  27th  inst.. 
would  say  that  the  information  I  gave  you 
about  Michael  Hughes  and  Sarah  Msars  was 
taken  down  by  me  while  your  mother  was  re- 
lating it ;  she  could  not  remember  evei'vthing 
but  she  endeavored  to  give  me  a  history  as 
nearly  as  she  could  remember  of  the  Hampton 
and  Hughes  family  and,  if  I  recall  correctly, 
your  sister  Fannie  made  some  memoranda 
about  the  same  thing  at  the  same  time.  I  sug- 
gest that  you  inijuire  of  Jane  about  same. 

As  to  Great  Great  Grandfather's  name  being 
Edward,  that  is  hearsay  cr  tradition  merely,  as 

it  i:i  not  set  down  anywhere  that  I  know  of. 
My  informant  was  my  sister  Emmy ;  where  she 
got  it  I  cannot  say. 

In  regard  to  Robert  Williams,  our  Great 
Grandfather,  being  born  in  1723,  on  the  2nd 
page  of  "Our  Cabin,  or  Life  in  the  Woods," 
and  pages  436  of  Volume  11  American  Pioneer, 
it  says  "Our  father's  name  was  Robert,  he  was 
born  in  the  tov/n  of  Ruthin  in  Denbighshire, 
just  one  hundred  and  twenty  years  ago."  As 
the  article  was  written  in  1843,  120  from  1843 
leaves  1723,  according  to  my  calculation. 

I  regret  to  say  that  I  do  not  know  of  any 
family  Bibles  belonging  to  the  family  in  exist- 
ence now  ;  the  Gibbons  family  got  all  belonging 
to  our  grandfather,  Samuel  Williams.  I  be- 
lieve Uncle  James  Gibbons  and  wife  took  care 
of  grandmother  and  grandfather,  but  cousin 
Vina  and  Elam  might  know  what  became  of 
their  effects. 

Cousin  Nina  Dewees  is  the  only  one  left  of 
Uncle  James'  family.  I  have  a  "tintype"  of 
Uncle  John  S.  Williams,  but  I  believe  either 
Jane  or  Emma  has  a  better  picture  of  him,  a 
photograph  of  one  of  Aunt  Drusilla  (his  second 
wife)  also.  Uncle  John  had  two  sons  living  in 
Cincinnati,  Robert  and  Joseph.  Pa  used  to  go 
to  see  them,  but  I  always  thought  they  must 


PARENTS     RECORD 


be  a  supercilious  lot.  I  don't  know  how  you 
could  get  upon  their  track,  or  their  descend- 
ants, for  I  fancy  they  are  dead. 

When  I  was  there  a  long  time  ago  I  heard 
of  one  of  these  Williamses  through  a  musician 
and  was  told  then  that  he  lived  at  Walnut  Hills. 
Uncle  .John's  son-in-law,  Mr.  Van  Vleck,  built 
a  Presbyterian  church  on  Walnut  Hills  some 
time  in  the  60s  after  he  became  so  inunensely 
wealthy  through  the  discovery  of  oil  in  Penu. 
A  sonuantiguarian  might  remember  the  fam- 
ily. Then  there  was  a  B.  T.  Stone  who  married 
Uncle's  daughter,  Hannah;  he  was  a  man  of 
property  and  might  be  remembered.  The  Van 
Vlecks  went  to  Califoi-nia  in  the  70s  and  lo.st 
all  theii'  money. 

I  am  almost  sure  that  Uncle's  sons  remained 
in  Cincinnati.  When  Uncle  John  was  very  old 
he  joined  the  Roman  Catholic  church  in  Cincin- 
nati and  Bishop  Purcoll  officiated  when  he  was 
taken  in.  If  I  wei-e  in  the  city  I  would  ask 
to  see  some  of  the  old  tiles  of  papers,  for  there 
Mei-e  long  articles  about  his  joining  the  church, 
as  he  was  well  known  in  the  city.  Better  still, 
get  into  communication  with  the  Catholic 
Bishop  (Pnrc'll  is  dead)  and  ask  him  to  look 
up  the  church  recoi'ds.  Still  I  fear  it 
-would  lie  hard  to  trace  his  descendants.  I 
renu^mbcr  heai-ing  uncle  say  (you  know 
he  spent  the  wintci'  of  1871-7:i  at  oni' 
home  on  the  Island :  ho  died  in  Iowa  at 
the  home  of  Uncle  John  Hampton,  I  forget  the 
date)  that  some  years  befoi-e  he  came  to  oui' 
house  he  went  to  North  Carolina  and  got  a 
brick  from  the  old  house  where  he  was  born. 

There  is  a  Quaker  colony  in  N.  C.  still,  for  T 
met  a  Quaker  pi'caeher  from  there  three  years 
ago.  Wishing  you  the  compliments  of  the 
season,  I  am. 

Your  loving  cousin, 

FLORA  W. 
(Mrs.  Walter  L.  Williams.) 


PARENTS    RECORD    TAKEN    FROM    THE 

BIBLE  OF  JOHN  S.  WILLIAMS' 

SECOND  BIBLE 

FATHER— John  S.  WUliams,  born  July  31st, 
1790. 

Robert  Williams,  his  father,  born  April  29th, 
172.3. 


mother,  born  Sept.  7th, 


Anne  Shoeliridgc 
1748. 

Edward  Williams,  his  grandfather,  of  North 
Wales. 

His  Crandmother  of  Ruthin,  Denbigshire. 

My  Maternal  Grandfather,  Richard  Shoe- 
biidge,  born  1712  in  the  County  of  Kent,  Eng- 
land, but  latterly  of  Essex,  England. 

Jly  ilaternal  Grandmother,  Martha  Bell. 

Robert  Williams  and  Anne  Shoebridge  were 
married  Oct.  10th,  1774. 

Robert  Williams  died  Sept.  4th,  1790. 

Ainie  Shoebridge  died  June  9th,  1845. 

ilOTIIER— Sarah  Patterson,  born  April  8th, 
179C. 

Joseph  Patterson,  her  father,  born  March 
18th,  1753. 


Hannah  ilarmor 
1753. 


mothei",  born  Feb.  2/th, 


Di'usilla  Ilorner,  my  second  wife,  was  born 
Sept.  15th,  1829.  John  S.  Williams  and  Dru- 
silla  Hoi'ner  were  married  Aug.  26th,  1858. 
Drusilla  died  Oct.  24th,  1870. 

John  Ilorner,  father  of  Drusilla  Horner,  born 
1801;  died  Sept.  17th,  1850. 

Lidia  Horner,  raother  of  Drusilla  Horner, 
died  Aug.  2nd,  1857. 

BIRTHS 

John  S.  Williams,  born  July  31st,  1790. 

Sarah  Patterson,  born  April  8th,  1790.  Mar- 
ried Sept.  16th,  1813. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTOEY 


CHILDREN 

Benjamin  P.  Williams,  born  June  6th,  1815. 

Hannah  M.  Williams,  born  Feb.  27th,  1817. 

Robert  F.  Williams,  born  May  21st,  1819. 

Anna  Shoebridge  Williams,  born  Aug.  18th, 
1820. 

John  Bouvier,  born  Aug.  8th,  1822. 

Eliza  Williams,  born  Nov.  18th,  1824. 

Joseph  P.  Williams,  born  June  22nd,  1827. 

Sarah  Jane  Williams,  born  May  4th,  1829. 

Mary  Louisa  Williams,  born  Nov.  21st,  1831. 

JIartha  Belle  Williams,  born  Dee.  23rd,  1833. 

NOTES 

Feb.  5th,  1837,  were  baptised  into  the  Lord's 
New  Church,  John  Shoebridge,  Sarah,  Benja- 
min, Franklin,  Hannah  ilarmon.  Robert  Fulton, 
Ann  Shoebridge,  Eliza,  Sarah  Jane,  Martha 
Belle. 

JOHN  SHOEBRIDGE  WILLIAMS. 
On  the  22nd  day  of  Feb.,  1820,  I  add  to  my 
name  Shoebridge,  as  there  are  so  many  John 
Williams"  in  Cincinnati. 

JOHN  SHOEBRIDGE  WILLIAMS. 
Mary  Louisa  Williams,  4  years  6  months  and 
3  days  old  when  she  died,  was  a  child  lovely 
in  her  days  of  pure   innocence,   who   scarcely 
needed  any  correction. 

JOHN  SHOEBRIDGE  WILLIAMS. 
MARRIAGES 

John  S.  Williams  to  Sarah  Patterson,  Sept. 
16th,  1813. 

ISenjamiu  F.  Williams  to  Rebecca  Ward, 
April  7th,  1836. 

Benjamin  T.  Stone  to  Hannah  M.  Williams, 
Sept.  13th,  1838. 

Isaac  C.  Beman  to  Anne  S.  Williams,  Sept. 
13th,  1838. 

John  W.  Ayres  to  Eliza  Williams,  May  29th, 
1845.  I 


Benjamin  F.  Williams  to  Lucy  Nye,  Dec,  21st, 
1847. 

Robert  F.  Williams  to  Louisa  Farmer,  Feb. 
12th,  1848. 

George  C.  Farmer  to  Sarah  Jane  Williams, 
Oct.  10th,  1848. 

William  Van  Vleck  to  Martha  Belle  Williams, 
Dec.  8th,  1852. 

Joseph  P.  Williams  to  Jane  F.  Clifton,  Nov. 
24th,  1852. 

John  S.   Williams  to  Drusilla  Horner,   Aug. 
26th,  1858. 

Joseph  T.  Garretson  to  Elizabeth  Williams, 
April,   1804. 

Samuel  Williams  to  Sarah  Arnold,  May,  1804. 

DEATHS 

John  S.  Williams,  April  27th,  1878. 
Sarah  Williams,  May  29th,  1858. 
Benjamin  F.  Williams,  Aug.  14th,  1874. 
Hannah  M.  Stone,  Dec.  15th,  1876. 
Robert  F.  Williams,  Aug.  11th,  1903. 
Anne  S.  Beman,  iVov.,  1910. 
John  B.  Williams,  Sept.  14th,  1835. 
Eliza  Ayres,  Oct.  21st,  1846. 
Joseph  P.  Williams,  Oct.  12th,  1909. 

Sarah  J.  Farmer, . 

Mary  Louisa  Williams,  May  24th,  1836. 
Martha  Belle  Williams,  Jan.  11th,  1903. 
Rebecca  Williams,  Feb.  4th,  1844. 
B.  T.  Stone,  June  24th,  1888. 
Isaac  C.  Beman,  May  21st,  1868. 
John  W.  Ayres,  Oct.  6th,  1847. 
Lucy  Williams,  March  3rd,,  1902. 
Louisa  Williams,  March  26th,  1893. 
George  C.  Farmer.  Sept.  17th,  1908. 

Joseph  Garretson, ,  1855. 

Elizabeth  Gari-etson, . 

Samuel  Williams,  Oct.  4th,  1856. 
Sarah  Williams,  May  26th,  1856. 


NOTES    ON    FAMILY    RECORD 


NOTES  IN  JOHN  SHOEBRIDGE  WILLIAMS' 
BIBLE 

Robert  Williams,  son  of  Edward  Williams  of 
North  Wales,  was  born  April  29th,  1723,  died 
Sept.  4th,  1790. 

First  wife,  Elizabeth  Dearnian. 

Robert  Williams'  tii-st  -wife,  Elizabeth  Dear- 
man  Williams,  had  one  son,  Richard  Williams. 
By  his  second  wife,  Anne  Shoebridge,  he  had 
eight  children,  only  three  of  whom  lived  to 
maturity,  namely.  Elizabeth  (who  married 
Joseph  Garretson),  Samuel  Williams  and  John 
Shoebridge  Williams. 

Robert  Williams'  second  wife,  Anne  Shoe- 
bridg-e,  daughter  of  Richard  Shoebridge,  was 
born  Sept.  7th,  1748,  died  June  9th,  1845. 

Samuel  Williams  (son  of  Robert  and  Anne 
Williams,  born  :Mareh  1st,  1779,  died  Nov.  4th, 
1856,  married  Sarah  Arnold  (daughter  of 
Joseph  and  Saiah  Arnold),  born  May  26th, 
1782,  died  May  20th,  1856. 

Samuel  Williams  and  Sarah  Arnold  manied 
in  Mav.   1804. 


The 


children : 


Williams,  born  ilai'ch  10th,  1805, 
died  Jan.  22nd,  1891 ;  married  Sarah  :\Iitchcll, 
June  18th,  1835. 

Anna  Williams,  born  June  5th,  1806,  died 
Aug.  15th,  1845;  married  Edwin  Patterson, 
July  11th,  1826. 

Sally  Williams,  born  Feb.  2nd,  1808,  died 
Feb.  15th,  1875;  married  Exum  Bundy,  July 
9th,  1828. 

Robert  Williams,  born  Sept.  18th,  1809,  died 
Aug.  23rd,  1903;  married  Sarah  Hampton, 
May  3rd,  1838. 

Mary  Williams,  born  April  28th,  1812,  died 
;  mai-ried  John  Hampton,  May  5th,  1830. 

Elizabeth  Williams,  born  June  7th,  1815,  died 
March  llth,  1.S56;  married  James  Gibbons, 
Dec.  30th,  1841. 

Peninah  Williams,  born  July  30th,  1817,  died 
Jan.  16th.  1888;  married  Joseph  Gibbons, 
March  9th,  1836. 


John  Williams,  born  Oct.  17tb,  1819,  died 
Sept.  16th,  1821. 

Martha  Williams,  born  April  7th,  1822,  died 
Dec.  29th,  1849;  mai'ried  Jonathan  Stanton, 
Nov.  21st,  1843. 

Richard  Williams,  horn  May  5th,  1824,  died 
June  15th, 1843. 

Samuel  B.  Williams,  born  March  27th,  1827, 
died  May  19th,  1904;  married  Ruthannab 
Hampton  (born  Sept.  llth,  1826,  died  Oct. 
31st,  1891),  March  14th,  1850;  married  Rebecca 
Warrall  Bundy  (died  April  6th,  1901),  Dee. 
23rd,  1892. 


SOiME    OTHERS    OP   THE    WILLIAMS 
FAMILY  NAME 

From  Financial  List  Dept.,  Jan.  18,  1918. 

BOYD'S  CITY  DISPATCH, 

19-21  l^eekman  St.,  N.  Y. 

MILLIONAIRES 
SURNAME:    "WILLIAMS" 

Boston,  Mass. 

First  Address — Business;   Second — Residential 

Jeremiah,   4S1    Suunnei'   St.;   Commonwealth 
Ave.  and  Charlesgate  E. 

New  York  City,  N.  Y. 

George  L.,  24  E.  51st  St. 

Richard  H.,  1  Broadway ;  2  W.  51st  St. 

Thomas  R.,  Ill  E.  61st  St. 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Moii'is,  907  Commercial  Trust  Building;  3904 
Chestnut  St. 

Chicago,  111. 

Lawrence,  159  N.  Dearborn  St. ;  58  Bellevue 
Place. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Ida  Grove,  Iowa 

Noah. 

Portland,  Ore. 

Richard,  92^  First  St.;  285  14th  St. 
Charleston,  S.  C. 

George  W.,  1  Broad  St.;  15  Meeting  St. 
Nashville,  Tenn. 

John  P.,  Stahlmau  Bldg. ;  Franklin  Road,  So. 


From  Financial  List  Dept.,  Boyd's  City  Dis- 
patch, 19-21  Beekman  St.,  N.  Y. 


Individuals  Worth  $250,000  to  $500,000  Bearing- 
Surname  of  Williams 

First  address,  business. 
Second  address,  residence. 
*Indicates  those  worth  .$500,000. 

NEW  ENGLAND  STATES 

*P.  B.,  103  Wilver  St.,  Dover,  N.  H. 
*G.  H.,  39  Cnshing  St.,  Dover,  N.  H. 

Emma  F.,  Mine  Acre  Corner,  Concord,  Mass. 

William  C,  Dedham,  Mass. 

*jMrs.  Wm.  W.,  67  Ocean  Ave.,  Lynn,  Mass. 

Francis  H.,  195    State  St.,  131    Florida    St., 
Springfield,  Mass. 

*Gardner  B.,  481  Summer  St.,  1218   Common- 
wealth Ave.,  Boston,  Mass. 

John  D.,  160  State  St.,  445  Warren  St.  (Rox), 
Boston.  Mass. 

*Jos.  S.,  481  Summer  St.,  23  Eliot  St.,  J.  P., 
Boston,  Mass. 

Ralph  B.,  55  Kilby  St.,  462  Beacon  St.,  Boston, 
Mass. 

*Alfred  S.,  68  Esses  St.,  Boston,  90  Ivy  St., 
Brookline,  Mass. 

*Moses,   Warren    opp.    Dudley    St.,    Brookline, 
Mass. 


*  Samuel,  68  Essex    St.,  Boston,  48    Park    St., 
Brookline,  Mass. 

Henry  M.,  16  State  St.,  Boston;  100  Brattle 
St.,  Cambridge,  Mass. 

iloses,    Jr.,    18    Tremont    St.,    Boston;    South 
St.,  Needham,  IMass. 

George  H.,  47  Winter  St.,  Boston;  55  Jefferson 
St.,  Newton,  ]\Iass. 

*Sidney  M.,   15    Congress    St.,   Boston;    Pond 
Road,  Wellesley,  Mass. 

*Geo.  C.  E.,  70  Governor  St.,  990  Prospect  Ave., 
Hartford,  Conn. 

Charles  H.,  Shelton,  Conn. 

MIDDLE  ATLANTIC  STATES 

Earl  T.,  150  Hamilton  Ave.,  6  Pierrepont  St., 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

*James  H.,  150  Hamilton  Ave.,  3905  Glenwood 
Road,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Charles  D.,  118  E.  28th  St.,  312  W.  109  St., 
New  York  City,  N.  Y. 

C.  C,  105  Reade  St.,  650  Madison  Ave.,  New 
York  City,  N.  Y. 

*Charles,  65  Cedar  St.,  293  Madison  Ave.,  New 
York  City. 

*Henry  K.  S.,  210  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York  City. 

^Waldron.  220  11th  Ave.,  37  W.  48th  St.,  New 
York  City,  N.  Y. 

Alex.   S.,  Bridge  Plaza,  244  Purdy   St.,  Long 
Island  City,  N.  Y. 

R.  T.,  Ft.  Blackwell  St.,  1095  Steinway  Ave., 
Long  Island  Cit.v,  N.  Y. 

Wm.  II.,  J]-.,  Ft.  Blackwell  St.,  244  Purdy  St., 
Long  Island  City,  N.  Y. 

*Gue]'nsey  B.,  119  S.  Clinton  St.,  Ill  Victoria 
PL,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

Henry  R.,  91  Genesee  St.,  5  Kemble  St..  Utica, 
N.  Y. 

*J\Iyron  P.,  148  Park  St.,  East  Orange,  N.  J. 

*Thomas  W.,  78  N.  Arlington  Ave.,  East   Or- 
ange, N.  J. 


FROM    BOYD'S    CITY    DISPATCH 


*Henry  W.,  Mendhani,  N.  J. 

*Heberton  L.,  Moorestown,  N.  J. 
Henry  M.,  290  Essex  Ave.,  Orange,  N.  J. 

*George  H.,  Summit,  N.  J. 

David  E.,  Bala,  Pa. 

*C.  E.,  Bridgeport,  Pa. 

Clement  N.,  22nd  and  York  Sts.,  8836  German- 
town  Ave.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

•Ellis  D.,  Drexel  Bldg.,  309  S.  15th  St..  Phila- 
delphia, Pa. 

•Joseph  D.,  13th  and  Chestnut  Sts.,  Hamilton 
Court,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

*Homer,  D.,  Carnegie  Bldg.,   1424  Beeehwood 
Blvd.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

•Jesse  R.,  S.  9th  and  Bingham  Sts.,  438  Excel- 
sior St.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Edward  P.,  Ridley  Park,  Pa. 

Henry  S.,  Rosemont,  Pa. 

Mrs.  L.  Halsey,  Shields,  Pa. 

David  S.,  124  E.  Market  St.,  259  E.  Northamp- 
ton St..  Wilkes  Barre,  Pa. 

Gardner  F.,  2201  R  St.,  X.  ^\.,  "Washington, 
D.C. 

CENTRAL  STATES 

Charles  S.,  Arcanum,  Ohio. 

"Albert  F.,  2813  Chester  Ave.,  N.  E.,  1070  Park- 
side  Road,  N.  E.,  Cleveland,  0. 

•Edward  P.,  Western  Reserve  Bldg.,  2106  E. 
83rd  St.,  Cleveland,  O. 

*  Joseph  A.,  2813  Chester  Ave.,  N.  E.,  1074  E. 
97th  St.,  N.  E.,  Cleveland,  0. 

*John  E.,  1305  2nd  St.,  Portsmouth,  O. 

*William  G.,  1236  Gallia  St.,  Portsmouth,  0. 

Frank  A.,   Federal   and  Reserve    Sts.,   65    E. 
Chalmers  Ave.,  Youngstown,  0. 

Robert  R.,  R.  R.  Tracks  and  Franklin  St.,  1207 
Powell  Ave.,  Evansville,  Ind. 

William  E.  ($100,000),  Kokomo,  Ind. 


Charles  M.,  420  E.   S.  Water  St.,  3656  Pine 
Grove  Ave.,  Chicago,  111. 


St.,  E.,  567  Jett'erson 


Maurice  0.,  26  Congr( 
Ave.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

*William  K.,  Colbrook  St.,  nr.  Ottawa  Ave.,  234 
Madison  Ave.,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

Charles  R.,  100  2nd  Ave.,  N.,  2215  Pillsbury 
Ave.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Louis  H.,  100  2nd  Ave.,  N.,  1900  Colfax  Ave.. 
S.,  jMinneapolis,  ilinn. 

Martin  C.,  661  17th  Ave.,  N.  E.,  801  S.  E.,  7th 
St.,  Jlinneapolis,  Minn. 


:Mrs.   Chas.    N. 
Minn. 


961    Lincoln    Ave.,    St.   Paul, 


WESTERN  STATES 


Charles   K.,   Ry.    Exeh.    Bldg.,    710    l\Iain    St., 
Portland,  Ore. 

*Mrs.  Clare,  1150  Paeitic  Ave.,  603  N.  D.  St., 
Taeoma,  Wash. 

Milton  L.,  91  S.  Grand  St.,  Pasadena,  Cal. 

'Thomas  S.,  693  Mission  St.,  1614  Vallejo  St.^ 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Wai-i-en  W.,  Fallon,  Nev. 

George  K.,  23  W.  Main  St..  201  W.  13th  St. 
Oklahoma,  Okia. 


SOUTHERN  STATES 

T.  T.,  65  Whitehall  St.,  50  Peachtree  St.,  At- 
lanta, Ga. 

Harry  L.,  1318  2nd  Ave.,  Columbus,  Ga. 

*Thomas  G.,  922  Todd  Bldg.,  1225  Garvis  PI., 
Louisville,  Ky. 

G.  il.,  1510  Commerce  St.,  3606  Gillespie  St., 
Dallas.  Texas 

Iloni'y  W.,  225  W.  15th  St.,  Alta  Ave.,  bet.  9th 
and  10th  Sts.,  Arlington  Heights,  Fort 
Worth,  Texas. 

Henry  W.,  Jr.,  225  W.  15th  St.,  2215  Hemphill 

St.,  Fort  Woi-th,  Texas. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


S.  W.,  604  Bonhani  St.,  Paris,  Tex. 
Thomas  E.,  Arvoiiia,  Va. 

Herbert  L.,  517  Washington   St.,  Lynchburg, 
Va. 
*Ernest,  517  Washington  St.,  Lyuchbnrg,  Va. 
^Charles  E.,  316  North  St.,  Portsmouth,  Va. 
^'Adolph  D.,  1113  E.  Main  St.,  800  W.  Franklin 

St..  Richmond,  Va. 
Berkeley,  801  E.  Main  St.,  315  E.  Grace  St., 

Richmond,  Va. 
*E.   Victor,  100  S.   7th  St.,  20  W.  Grace  St., 

Richmond,  Va. 
Frank  D.,   101   Shockoe   Slip,   9  W.   Franklin 

St.,  Richmond,  Va. 
'■'George   S.,   700    E.   Franklin    St.,    1804    Park 

Ave.,  Richmond,  Va. 
*Mrs.  John  L.,  315  E.  Gvaoe  St.,  Richmond,  Va. 
John  R.,  Mutual  Bldg.,  208  E.  Franklin  St., 

Richmond,  Va. 
"■Langbourne    M..  801   E.   Main    St.,   500    W. 

Franklin  St.,  Richmond,  Va. 
'-Thomas    C,  Jr.,  1113  E.  Main    St.,  824    W. 
Franklin  St.,  Richmond,  Va. 
William  R.,  1615  Park  Ave.,  Richmond,  Va. 


Total,  93  names. 


A  MATTER  OF  RECORD 


T.  J.  Walker,  President 
Waynesboro,   Va. 

J.  W.  Goodson.  Secretary  and  Treasurer 
Kinston,  N.  C. 

M.  A.  Walker,  Vice-President 
Winston-Salem.  N.  C. 

CARTERET  LODGE 

NEWPORT,  N.  C. 
Main  Office: — Kinston,  N.  G. 

Kinston.  N.  C.,  Sept.  15th,  1920. 

Mr.  D.  W.  Morton,  Beaufort,  N.  C. : 

Dear  Sir — Referring  to  your  letter  of  July 
14th,  in  regard  to  deed  to  a  certain  lot  of  land 


near  Mr.  Ciciro  Garner's  house  which  has  been 
enclosed  by  iron  fence  20  ft.  long  and  20  ft. 
wide,  the  same  being  the  resting  place  or  grave 
of  Mr.  M.  F.  Williams'  great-grandfather:  by 
the  consent  and  permission  of  the  Directors  of 
Carteret  Lodge,  with  the  further  permission  to 
keep  the  grave  and  fence  up  and  in  good 
repair. 

I  presented  the  deed  and  request  of  Mr.  M. 
F.  Williams  to  the  Board  of  Directors  which 
met  at  the  Lodge  Sept.  9th,  1920,  but  the  Board, 
after  considering  it,  declined  to  make  the  deed. 
But  reiterated  the  above  permission  to  keep  up 
the  fence  and  ground  enclosed.  They  also  said 
that  they  would  protect  Mr.  Williams  in  the 
above  as  long  as  the  present  company  owns  the 
land,  which  I  trust  will  be  satisfactory  to  Mr. 
Williams. 

Very  truly, 

(Signed)     J.  W.  GOODSON,  Sec. 


Note — This   refers  to   Robert   Williams'    old 
plantation  in  North  Carolina. 


reminisc:ences  of  jMUSCATINE,  IA. 

St.  Louis,  Mo.,  February  4,  1921. 

I  now  disremeniljer  whether  while  in  and  at 
Muscatine  and  Cedar  County,  Iowa,  have  I  or 
have  I  not  given  the  account  of  helping  to  build 
two  sawmills  in  the  winter  season  commencing 
in  the  fall  and  extending  into  spring. 

In  the  early  fall  of  1869,  my  boss,  Mr.  Scott, 
was  called  to  Keokuk,  Iowa,  to  plan  and  re- 
build a  sawmill  for  Messrs.  Paul  and  Tabor — 
Mr.  Paul  having  many  yeai'S  ago  passed  the 
dividing  line  between  life  and  eternity.  How- 
ever, beginning  in  the  fall  of  1869  and  extend- 
ing into  spring  at  such  period  as  when  the  flow- 
ers were  blooming  and  the  birds  were  singing, 
we  rebuilt  the  sawmill  of  Paul  and  Tabor.  It 
was  a  very  cold  winter.  We  had  the  frame  up 
and  the  weather  boarding  on  before  extreme 
cold  weather.  We  then  placed  in  the  machin- 
ei-v  and  built  the  friction  wheels,  which  were 


M.   F.   WILLIAMS  AT   MUSCATINE,   IOWA 


made  of  hard  maple  and  pinned  together  with 
hardwood  pins,  and  the  joints  leaded  together 
with  white  lead.  This  mill  was  termed,  in  saw- 
mill parlance,  as  "strictly  a  friction  mill." 
What  is  meant  by  a  friction  mill?  It  was  not 
operated  by  tooth  gearing  but  by  friction  gear- 
ing, which  is  a  wooden  wheel  forced  up  against 
an  iron  wheel  smooth  faced,  hard  enough  to 
create  a  drive,  and  after  it  was  finished  it 
worked  very  successfully. 

During  the  course  of  completion  and  putting 
on  the  finishing  touches.  Captain  Tabor  said  to 
my  boss:  "Scott,  I  would  like  to  have  you  leave 
Williams  here  to  put  on  the  finishing  touches." 
Scott  replied:  "All  right,  but  you  had  better 
see  Williams."  Captain  Tabor  called  me  out 
to  one  side  and  said:  "Williams,  we  would  like 
to  have  you  stay  or  remain  upon  the  job  and 
finish  it."  My  reply  was:  "Captain,  I  am 
pleased  to  do  it."  And  oh!  how  jealous  Thom- 
as Emory  became,  because  he  and  his  father 
were  resident  millwrights,  and  why  would  thc.v 
Avish  me  to  remain  and  finish.  But  I  remained 
just  the  same.  I  remained  into  the  summer  and 
left  the  mill  in  complete  running  condition.  I 
then  hied  myself  back  to  Muscatine,  and  while 
there  I  helped  to  build  another  sawmill  down 
on  the  island  for  Musser  Bros.,  which  reijuired 
the  greater  part  of  the  summer  of  1870.  That 
summer  I  worked  in  Bennct's  Mill,  Muscatine, 
after  finishing  the  sawmill,  and  in  early  fall  we 
were  called  back  to  Keokuk  to  rel)ui]d  this 
same  sawmill  which  burned  to  the  ground  in  the 
early  fall  of  1870. 

Captain  Tabor,  one  of  the  owners,  is  still  liv- 
ing. He  is  between  seventy-five  and  eighty 
years  of  age,  and  in  good  health,  and  a  few 
years  ago  he  wrote  me  that  the  sawmill  had 
burned  the  third  tinae  and  was  rebuilt  by  mov- 
ing a  sawmill  from  up  the  river  down  to  Keo- 
kuk and  rebuilding  same.  Those  two  winters 
which  I  spent  at  Keokuk  in  1870-1871  gave  rae 
prol)ably  the  greatest  enjo.vment  of  all  my  ex- 
perience in  millwrighting.  This,  however,  was 
before  the  bridge  was  built  across  the  Missis- 
sippi River  at  Keokuk ;  but  the  second  winter 
after  remaining  at  Keokuk  the  Government  had 
commenced  the  canal  from  Keokuk  to  Mont 
Rose,  a  distance  of  twenty-one  miles,  and  in 
this   twenty-one   miles   thei-e   were   three   locks 


of  seven  feet  each,  making  twenty-one  feet  fall 
over  the  rapids  between  Keokuk  and  Mont 
Rose. 

A  few  years  ago  a  corporation  built  a  dam 
just  above  the  Keokuk  bridge,  joining  the  em- 
bankment of  the  canal,  which  water  power 
fui-nishes  a  great  portion  of  the  electric  current 
which  produces  electric  light  for  the  street  rail- 
wa.y  company  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  our  present 
plant  is  run  by  current  from  Keokuk  dam. 
Little  did  I  know  at  this  juncture  that  I  would 
finally  wind  up  at  St.  Louis  and  make  it  my 
permanent  home,  which  I  do  not  regret,  but  am 
quite  proud  of  it. 

The  second  sawmill  which  we  built  was  a  lit- 
tle more  elaborate  than  the  first  one  and  the 
most  difficult  piece  of  machinery  to  erect  was 
given  to  myself  to  pei'form. 

M.  F.  WILLIAMS. 


ROBERT  WILLIAMS,  SURGEON 

Beaufort,  N.  C,  April  14th,  1921. 

Mr.  IM.  F.  Williams, 
St.  Louis,  Mo.: 

Dear  Old  Friend — About  two  years  ago  when 
I  was  in  Raleigh  doing  some  research  work  for 
you  relative  to  your  great-grandfather,  I  asked 
Col.  Olds,  who  is  connected  with  the  Historical 
Commission  of  North  Carolina,  if  he  ever  ran 
across  anything  concerning  Robert  Williams,  to 
send  me  a  cop.y  of  same. 

Last  night  1  I'cceived  the  following  from  Col. 
Olds,  from  journal  of  meeting  Council  of  State, 
held  at  Halifax,  Oct.  15th,  1779: 

"The  Governor  laid  licfoiT  the  lioard  a  cer- 
tificate from  Col.  Herritage  setting  forth  that 
Robert  Williams,  who  was  appointed  Surgeon 
to  the  State  Regiment,  hath  in  consequence 
thereof  discharged  that  duty  from  the  15th  day 
of  March  last,— Resolved,  therefore,  the  Gov- 
ernor be  advised  to  direct  the  paymaster  to  ac- 
count with  the  said  Robert  Williams  for  his  pay 
from  that  time." 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


So  you  see  from  the  above  note,  some  new 
history  about  your  grandfather,  and  I  am  con- 
fident there  is  more  important  history  concern- 
ing Robert  Williams  that  would  be  interesting 
to  you.  The  Historical  Commission  is  now  get- 
ting all  Colonial  history  together  and  is  filing 
it  away  in  good  shape  for  future  reference ; 
and  I  am  of  the  opinion  that  we  could  find  the 
will  of  Robert  Williams,  if  you  cared  to  go  to 
the  expense  of  making  further  investigation. 
There  was  a  period  of  about  four  years,  dating 
from  1775  to  1779,  that  North  Carolina  did  not 
have  a  Governor,  and  the  State  was  governed 
by  a  Council  of  .states,  and  this  was  at  a  time 
when  the  most  important  events  in  the  life  of 
Robert  Williams  took  place. 

I  am  afraid  that  you  are  getting  this  la.st  bit 
of  history  too  late  for  your  book.  I  thought  it 
would  be  interesting  to  you  and  hence  my  let- 
ter. 

How  is  business  with  you?  Money  is  tight 
and  hard  to  get  hold  of  in  North  Carolina,— so 
far,  hoAvever,  I  have  managed  to  keep  the 
wolf  away  from  the  door.  With  liest  wishes,  I 
am,  yours  very  truly, 

D.  W.  MORTON. 


JAMES  A.  FISHER'S  LETTER 
Medart  Patent  Pulley  Co.,  Inc., 

St.  Louis,  Mo.,  April  2.5th,  1921. 

Jlr.  M.  F.  Williams, 

Care  of  Williams  Patent  Crusher  Co. : 

Dear  Mr.  Williams — In  reply  to  your  letter 
referring  to  our  conversation  about  bringing  a 
locomotive  to  St.  Louis  ovei-  the  ice  on  the 
river,  will  say  that  I  think  it  was  in  1858  that 
this  occurred.  AVhen  the  locomotive  was  brought 
to  the  river's  edge  the  ice  was  covered  with 
heavy  planks,  about  100  feet  in  front  of  it,  and 
20  or  more  yoke  of  oxen  drew  it  this  100  feet; 
the  planks  were  then  taken  up  and  placed  in 
front  of  the  locomotive,  continuing  this  until  it 
was  across  the  river.  It  was  then  drawn  out 
at  what  Avas  then  Myrtle  street  to  Seventh 
street,  where  it  was  placed  on  the  railroad 
track. 


The  ice  in  the  river  at  this  time  was  about 
20  inches  thick.  If  above  is  of  interest  to  you 
I  am  very  glad  to  send  it. 

Yours  very  truly, 

JAMES  A.  FISHER. 


M.  F.  WILLIAMS'  REPLY 

St.  Louis,  April  27th,  1921. 
Mr.  Jas.  A.  Fisher, 

Care  Medart  Patent  Pulley  Co.,  City: 

Dear  Mr.  Fisher — The  reminiscence  which 
you  incidentally  gave  the  writer  upon  last  Fri- 
day,'one  week  ago,  regarding  the  first  locomo- 
tive crossing  the  Mississippi  River,  which  I  had 
previously  stated  came  over  upon  the  Eads 
Bridge,  that  it  was  hauled  over  on  the  ice  by 
some  twenty  yoke  of  oxen  and  that  the  ice  was 
about  20  inches  in  thickness,  and  that  they 
first  laid  down  a  planking  or  heavy  timbers  and 
they  then  laid  ties  and  track  upon  the  timber, 
— you  say  the  year  was  about  1858,  and  that 
the  first  locomotive  came  to  the  river  bank,  pre- 
sumably upon  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  Railway 
track,  then  down  the  levee  to  the  ice  and  across 
the  ice  and  up  the  levee  upon  the  Missouri  side. 

In  laying  down  the  timber  and  the  track  they 
laid  it  about  100  feet  ahead  of  the  locomotive. 
After  entering  Missouri  soil  it  M-as  hauled  out 
Myrtle  street  to  Seventh  street,  then  out  Clark 
avenue  to  Fourteenth  street,  and  from  there  to 
Poplar  street,  where  the  locomotive  was  placed 
upon  the  railroad  track,  and  this  track  be- 
longed to  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad  Co. 
The  passenger  station  was  then  at  Seventh  and 
Poplar,  and  in  October,  1872,  Milton  F.  Wil- 
liams entered  the  domain  of  the  city  of  St. 
Louis,  coming  over  the  Missouri  Pacific  from 
Kansas  City,  arriving  at  Seventh  and  Poplar 
streets,  and  from  that  day  and  date  the  city  of 
St.  Louis  began  to  grow  and  has  been  growing 
ever  since.     Truly  yours, 

M.  F.  WILLIAMS. 

P.  S. — The  road  was  not  called  the  Missouri 
Pacific  Road,  but  the  North  Missouri. 


THOUGHTS  ON  RELIGIONS 


GREAT-UXCLE  JOHN'S  OPINION  OF  THE 
ESSENCE  OF  RELIGION 

The  following  was  written  upon  the  back  of 
a  card  jihotograph  of  John  Shoebridge  Wil- 
liams when  he  was  77  years  old.  He  lived  11 
years  after  that,  and  died  at  the  age  of  8S. 
This  photograph  was  given  to  my  father.  Rob- 
ert Williams,  and  the  opinions  expressed  by  my 
Great-Uncle  John  Shoebridge  Williams  at  the 
ripe  age  of  77  years  are  of  interest.  The  writ- 
ing is  small  and  fine,  and  the  letters  clearly 
made.  The  notation  on  the  photograph  is  as 
f  olloMS : 


If  Jesus  be  not  Immanuel,  God  with  us,  our 
chief  regard,  who  or  what  is?  Is  self,  is  gain, 
is  fame?  Is  Confucius,  lYTahomet,  or  David?  Is 
Paul,  Apollos  or  Cephas?  Is  Luther,  Calvin, 
Westley  or  who?  All  nature  and  its  laws  show 
that  we  have  each  one  best  beloved!  Every 
atom  of  the  finest  dust  up  to  the  most  mighty 
globe,  everything  has  its  center,  its  most  impor- 
tant part  standing  alike  to  other  parts,  as  cen- 
ter to  circle.  The  human  race  must  have  its 
center  too.  Men  have  endless  discords!  Who 
is  that  center  man  standing  alike  to  other  men, 
able  to  judge  of  and  end  all  discords  that  uni- 
versal harmony  and  its  consequent  happiness 
may  exist?  It  must  be  Jesus  who  taught  and 
practiced  love,  even  to  enemies!  Who  in  the 
pangs  of  a  most  cruel  murder  prayed  ' '  Father, 
forgive  them."  No  other  leader  ever  did  this! 
None  ever  had  such  noble  antecedents  or  such 
heavenly  consequents !  If  He  be  not  our  center 
man,  our  final  Arbiter,  God  with  us, — farewell 
harmony,  farewell  happiness,  for  discords  from 
many  centers  will,  as  now,  destroy  all !  But  he 
will  be,  He  will  destroy  all  his  enemies.  He  was 
lifted  up  and  will  draw  all  men  unto  him.  He 
will  lead  all  his  sheep  into  one  green  pasture,  to 


the  foutain  of  living  waters,  where  in  joy  every 
knee  will  bow  to  Him  and  every  tongaxe  confess 
to  God. 

John  S.  Williams,  bom  July  31,  1790! 
1472  E.  Front  St.,  Cin.,  0.,  March  18,  1867. 

See  cut  No.  69A,  opposite  page  78. 


JUSTIFICATION  TO  OURSELVES 


If  the  Judge  within  gives  us  a  verdict  of  acquit- 
tal 
As  having  lived  this  life  well, 
We  have  no  other  Judge  to  fear. 
To  thine  own  self  be  true, 
And  it  must  follow,  as  the  night  the  day, 
Thdu  canst  not  then  he  false  to  anv  man. 


(From  "Memoirs'"  of  Andrew  Carnegie.  Ap- 
proved liy  M.  F.  W.) 

:\ri'.  Andrew  Carnegie  in  his  ''Memoirs"  re- 
lates that  when  the  Keystone  Bridge  Company 
of  Pittsburg,  which  he  first  organized,  was 
building  the  Eads  I'.ridge  on  contract,  Mv.  Pipe 
was  his  partner,  and,  like  Horations.  held  the 
)i]-idge  and  kept  up  the  woi-k  in  spile  of  many 
difticulties  that  the  coiii])aiiy  ex])ei'icnced  in 
financing  th,'  .job.  Ca|)taiu  James  li.  Kads,the 
designer,  was  very  jiai'tieular  in  having  the 
specifications  exactly  carried  out,  and  naturally 
friction  developed  nioi'e  and  more  as  the  work 
progressed,  between  Captains  Eads  and  the 
eontractni'.  The  personal  incidents  mentioned 
l;v  ]\Ir.  ( 'ai-negie  were  numerous  and  interest- 
ing, but  what  is  more  to  the  point  is  the  fact 
that  il.  F.  Williams  once  owned  the  drawing 
board  that  Captain  Eads  used  when  making 
plans  of  this  bridge  at  St.  Louis. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


EDISON'S  POSERS  ANSWERED— IN 
VARIOUS   WAYS 

Applicants  for  work  in  the  Edison  Labora- 
tories are  presented  with  a  set  of  questions 
to  gauge  their  intelligence.  Thomas  A.  Edi- 
son has  remarked  that  he  has  found  college 
Dred  men  to  be  "surprisingly  ignorant,"  and 
his  questionnaire  has  excited  considerable  news- 
paper comment.  The  ' '  Literary  Digest ' '  makes 
some  pertinent  remarks  on  the  various  answers, 
and  the  author  of  this  history  enlarges  some  of 
the  answers  given. 

The  answers  to  Mr.  Edison's  test  (|uestions 
disclose  a  good  many  difficulties  and  disagree- 
ments. "In  the  form  in  which  they  reach  the 
public,  they  do  not  admit  of  definite  answers," 
observes  the  New  York  Times,  which  thereupon 
proceeds  to  differ  l)oth  with  the  New  York 
Herald  and  the  New  York  World  as  to  "What 
country  consumed  the  most  tea  before  the 
war'"  "Russia,"  replies  The  Times.  "Eng 
land,"  says  The  World,  while  The  Herald  finds 
the  answer  in  "China."  The  questionnaire 
which  led  Mr.  Edison  to  remark  that  "college 
men  are  amazingly  ignorant,"  it  appears,  is 
capable  of  causing  difficulties  in  other  quar 
ters,  even  though  The  Times,  at  least,  an- 
nounces that  its  answers  "have  been  gathered 
from  books  of  reference  and  experts,  and,  in  a 
few  cases  where  they  were  not  available,  from 
the  best  handy  opinion."  The  collection  of  thii 
<luestions  in  the  first  place  was  a  matter  of 
considerable  difficulty,  since  candidates  were 
not  allowed  to  carry  away  the  printed  lists,  and, 
we  are  told, ' '  the  published  questions  have  been 
reproduced  by  some  astonishing  feats  of  mem- 
ory."  Mr.  Edison  has  refused  to  give  out  the 
text  of  his  questions,  "The  name  of  the  young 
man  Mho  made  public  most  of  the  questions  the 
nation  is  racking  its  brains  over,"  says  the 
New  York  Herald,  quoting  Mrs.  Edison,  ' '  is  not 
to  be  found  in  the  records  at  the  Edison  Lab- 
oratory, at  all, ' '  and  the  Secretary  there  thinW 
he  may  have  taken  the  examination  under  a» 
assumed  name.  The  Times  gives  as  the  an 
thority  for  its  list  the  names  of  two  youn^ 
men  who,  even  if  they  "flunked"  Mr.  Edison's 
quiz,  seem  to  have  given  evidence  of  remark- 
able memories. 


With  regard  to  the  (luestionnaire  itself.  The 
Times  observes : 

In  some  (|uestioiis  the  individual  answerer  is 
called  upon  to  render  his  verdict  on  contro- 
versies which  have  raged  among  the  learned  for 
centuries  and  filled  libraries  with  books  of  re- 
search and  polemics. 

For  instance:  "Who  invented  printing  .'"  N» 
answer  can  be  made  before  the  previous  ques- 
tion, "What  is  printing?"  is  answered.  If  the 
mere  stamping  of  impressions  is  meant,  Assyria 
I^gypt.  China,  Babylonia,  and  Chaldea  may  con- 
test for  the  distinction,  for  the  making  of  im- 
pressions by  seals  and  dies  is  one  of  the  oldest 
arts.  Wood  or  metal  types  were  used  for  print- 
ing initials  on  manuscripts  in  the  tenth  century. 

If  printing  with  presses  and  movable  types  is 
meant,  the  oldest  known  specimen  is  said  to 
be  a  Korean  work  of  the  fourteenth  century  in 
the  British  Museum.  But  there  is  reason  to 
believe  that  China  or  Japan  may  have  prac- 
iised  the  art  centuries  earlier  than  this. 

If  modern  European  printing  with  movable 
types  is  meant,  another  controversy  is  opened. 
The  invention  is  commonly  attributed  to  Jo- 
hann  Gutenberg,  of  Mainz.  Many  scholars  con- 
tend that  the  inventor  was  Laurens  Janszoon 
Coster,  of  Haarlem;  that  Gutenberg,  who  was 
employed  in  the  shop  of  Coster,  stole  the  types 
and  fled  into  Germany  with  them.  There  is 
much  evidence  that  Gutenberg  did  not  claim  to 
be  the  inventor  and  that  he  became  known  as 
such  because  his  books  were  the  first  to  be 
widely  circulated. 

The  more  learned  the  answerer  the  moi'e  diffi- 
cult he  would  find  it  to  answer  this  question, 
and  many  others  like  it.  For  instance,  the 
question  as  to  which  city  and  country  fur- 
nishes the  finest  china  is  one  which  call  upon 
the  candidate  for  a  job  in  Edison's  plant  to 
pass  a  positive  judgment  where  critics  and 
connoisseurs  disagree.  The  tendency  of  ex- 
perts in  dealing  with  art  matters  is  to  shun  ut- 
terly the  attempt  to  make  decisions  on  (]ues- 
tions  of  taste. 

Even  more  striking  than  these  objections  to 
Mr.   Edison's  list,   perhaps,   are   the   cases   in 


EDISON'S     TEST     QUESTIONS 


which  even  the  few  authorities  who  have  thus 
far  set  out  to  answer  the  collected  questions, 
show  an  absolute  disagreement.  The  matter  of 
tea-consumption  has  already  been  cited.  To 
the  question,  "Who  is  called  the  father  of  rail- 
ways?" The  World  replies,  "Vanderbilt,"'  The 
Times,  "John  Stevens,  1749-1838,  of  Hoboken, 
N.  J."  The  authorities  consulted  by  The  Times 
hold  that  the  Telescope  at  Mount  Wilson  Obser- 
vatory is  the  largest  in  the  world,  and  the  New 
York  Herald  agrees,  but  The  World  announces 
that  the  answer  is  "Lick."  In  bounding  France, 
both  The  World  and  The  Herald  omit  the  small 
principality  of  Monaco.  Virginia  is  credited 
with  "the  largest  amethyst  mines"  by  The 
Times,  while  Texas  is  the  choice  of  The  World. 
The  minor  disagreements  between  even  so  small 
a  number  of  aiithorities  as  the  three  New  York 
newspapers  Avould  fill  half  a  column.  The  an- 
swers and  questions,  as  given  below,  are  taken 
from  The  Times: 

1.  What  countries  bound  France? 

Spain,  the  tiny  independent  state  of  Andorra 
in  the  Pyrenees,  Monaco,  Italy,  Switzerland, 
fjermany,  Luxemburg  and  Belgium. 

2.  What  city  and  counti'v  produce  the  finest 
china? 

Some  sa.y  Limoges,  Finance :  some  say  Sevres, 
France;  some  sa.v  Dresden.  (Icrmany;  some  say 
Copenhagen,  Denmark. 

3.  Where  is  the  river  Volga? 
In  Russia. 

4.  What  is  the  finest  cotton  grown? 

Sea  Island  cotton,  or  Egyptian  cotton,  ac- 
cording to  different  experts. 

5.  What  country  consumed  the  most  tea  be- 
fore the  war? 

Russia. 

6.  What  city  in  the  United  States  leads  in 
making  laundry  machines? 

Chicago. 


7.  What  city  is  the  fur  center  of  the  United 

States? 

St.  Louis  has  been  the  raw  fur  center  until 
the  month  of  April  of  the  present  year,  when 
New  York  apparentl.y  eclipsed  it.  It  is  nip  and 
tuck  between  the  two  cities,  with  NeAV  York 
leading.  New  York  is  incontestably  the  center 
of  fur  manufacturing  and  retail  selling. 

8.  What  country  is  the  greatest  textile  pro- 
ducer ? 

Great  Britain  is  so  considered,  but  the  United 
States  is  a  close  competitor  in  volume,  and  may 
even  be  slightly  in  the  lead  at  the  present  day. 

9.  Is  Australia  greater  than  Greenland  in 
area  ? 

This  is  a  catch  (juestion.  Greenland  looks  far 
bigger  on  the  square,  fiat  maps  on  Mercator's 
projections,  which  represents  the  world  as  a 
cylinder,  exaggerating  the  size  of  areas  as  they 
approach  the  poles.  Australia  is  in  reality 
more  than  three  times  as  large  as  Greenland. 

10.  Where  is  Copenhagen? 
In  Denmark. 

11.  Where  is  Spitzbergen? 

In  the  Arctic,  north  of  Norway. 

12.  In  what  eounti-y  other  than  Australia  are 
kangaroos  found? 

In  New  Guinea. 

13.  What  telescope  is  the  largest  in  the 
world  ? 

That  at  the  JFount  Wilson  Observatory  in 
California. 

14.  Who  was  Bessemer  and  what  did  he  do? 
An  English  engineer.    He  invented  a  process 

for  making  steel  by  taking  carbon  out  of  molten 
iron  by  the  air-blast. 

15.  How  many  States  in  the  Union  ? 
Forty-eight. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


16.  Where  do  we  get  prunes  from? 

Prunes  are  grown  in  the  Santa  Clara  Valley 
and  elsewhere. 

17.  Who  was  Paul  Revere? 

The  Jlinuteman  Avho  spread  the  alarm  of  the 
British  march  on  Lexington. 

18.  Who  was  John  Hancock? 

The  first  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence. 

19.  Who  was  Plutarch? 

A  Greek  of  the  first  and  second  centuries  A. 
D.  who  wrote  the  "Lives"  and  miscellaneous 
works. 

20.  Who  was  Hannibal? 

The  Carthaginian  general  who  conquered 
most  of  Italy  in  the  third  century  B.  C. 

21.  Who  was  Danton? 

A  Pi'ench  Revolutionary  orator  who  was  sent 
to  the  guillotine  by  the  Committee  of  Terror. 

22.  Who  was  Sol  oil? 

An  Athenian  laAvgiver  famous  for  twenty- 
three  centuries  for  the  remark  to  Croesus 
(which  modern  historians  say  he  did  not  make) 
to  "Count  no  man  happy  until  he  is  dead." 

"2.3.  Who  was  Francis  Marion? 

General  Marion  was  a  principal  leader  of  the 
Revolutionary  forces  in  the  Southern  States, 
called  "The  Swamp  Pox." 

24.  Who  was  Leonidas? 

The  Spartan  general  who  led  the  heroic  de- 
fense of  Thermopylae. 

2.5.  Where  did  we  get  Louisiana  from? 
By  purchase  from  France. 

26.  Who  was  Pizarro? 

The  Spanish  conqueror  of  Peru. 


27.  Who  was  Bolivar  ? 

The  hero  of  the  South-American  wars  of  lib- 
eration from  Spain. 

28.  What  war  material   did  Chile  export  to 

the  Allies  during  the  war? 
Nitrates. 

29.  Where  does  most  of  the  cotf ee  come  from  ? 
From  Brazil. 

30.  Whei-e  is  Korea? 

A  peninsula  on  the  northeast  coat  of  Asia. 

31.  Where  is  Manchuria? 

A  northeastern  province  of  China  touching 
Korea. 

32.  Where  was  Napoleon  born? 
Ajaccio,  Corsica. 

33.  What  is  the  highest  rise  of  tide  on  the 
Noi'th  Atlantic  coast? 

Seventj'  feet  in  the  Bay  of  Fund}',  between 
Nova  Scotia  and  New  Brunswick. 

34.  Who  invented  logarithms? 
John  Napier. 

35.  AVho  was  the  Emperor  of  Mexico  when 
Cortez  landed? 


36.  Where  is  the  Imperial  Valley  and  what  is 
it  noted  for? 

In  southern  California,  on  the  Mexican  bor- 
der, and  noted  for  melons. 

37.  What  and  where  is  the  Sargasso  Sea  ? 

A  vast  tract  of  seaweed  floating  in  the  North' 
Atlantic  Ocean. 

38.  What  is  the  greatest  known  depth  of  the 
ocean? 

Thirty-one  thousand  six  hundred  feet,  at  Nero 
Deep,  near  Guam. 


EDISON'S     TEST     QUESTIONS 


39.  What  is  the  name  of  a  large  inland  body 
of  water  that  has  no  outlet  ? 

The  Great  Salt  Lake. 

40.  What  is  the  capital  of  Pennsj-lvania  ? 
Harrisburg. 

41.  What  State  is  the  largest?    Next? 
Texas.     California. 

42.  Rhode  Island  is  the  smallest  State.  What 
is  the  next  and  the  next  ■ 

Delaware.     Connecticut. 

43.  How  far  is  it  from  New  York  to  Buffalo? 

Three  hundred  and  ninety-six  miles  by  the 
shortest  route. 

44.  How  far  is  it  fi'om  New  York  to  San 
Francisco  ? 

Tliree  tlionsand  three  hundred  miles. 

4.").  How  far  is  it  from  New  York  to  Liver- 
pool? 

Three  thousand  one  hundred  and  sixty-seven 
and  one-half  nautical  miles. 

46.  Of  what  State  is  Helena  the  capital? 
jMontana. 

47.  Of  what  State  is  Tallahassc  the  capital? 
Florida. 

48.  What  State  has  the  largest  copper-minos  ? 

Montana  has  the  largest  single  mine  in  the 
Anaconda.  The  mines  of  Arizona  have  the 
greatest  combined  output. 

49.  What  State  has  the  largest  amcthyst- 
niines? 


50.  What  is  the  name  of  a   famous  violin- 
maker? 


Stradivarius. 


51.  Who  invented  the  modern  paper-making 
machine  ? 

The  major  discovery  was  made  by  Robert,  a 
Frenchman,  though  it  is  often  attributed  er- 
roneously to  Fourdrinier,  who  introduced  it 
into  England. 

52.  Who  invented  the  typesetting  machine? 

JMergentlialer  was  tlie  first  to  perfect  a  highly 
practical  one. 

53.  Who  invented  piinting? 

Nobody  knows.  Somebody  in  Cliina.  Japan, 
or  Korea.  Probabl.y  first  invented  in  Europe 
by  Laurens  Janszoon  Coster,  of  Haarlem. 

54.  How  is  leather  tanned? 

By  immersion  in  an  infusion  of  oak  or  hem- 
lock bark  or  other  material  strong  in  tannic 
acid,  and  reduced  on  a  Williams  Bark  Shredder. 


Wli 


iHcial  silk  nuule  from; 


From  cotton  oi'  wood  pulp  treated  with  acids 
and  shi'edded  uimn  a  Williams  Shredder. 

56.  What  is  a  caisson  ? 

An  enclosiire  to  keep  water  from  seeping  or 
flowing  into  a  space  where  engineering  opera- 
tions are  taking  place. 

57.  What  is  Shellac? 

A  base  for  varnish  made  from  lac,  or  stick 
lac  -which  is  a  resinous  incrustation  formed  upon 
the  branches  of  trees  in  the  East  Indies  by 
an  insect  resembling  the  cochineal,  which 
branches  are  shi'cdded  upon  a  Williams  Shred- 
der. 

58.  What  is  celluloid  made  from? 

Wood  pulp  primai-ily  reduced  to  pulp  on  a 
Williams  Shreddei-. 

59.  What  causes  the  tides? 

The  gravitational  pull  of  the  moon  exerted 
powerfully  on  the  ocean  because  of  its  fluidity, 
and  weakly  on  the  earth  because  of  its  cora- 
pai-ative  rigidity. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


60.  To  what  is  the  change  in  seasons  cine? 

To  the  inclination  of  the  earth  to  the  plane 
of  the  ecliptic.  In  the  earth's  revolution  around 
the  sun,  this  causes  the  sun's  rays  to  be  received 
at  varying  inclinations,  Avith  consequent  varia- 
tions of  temperature. 

61.  What  is  colse 

Coal  after  the  more  volatil  components  have 
been  driven  from  it  by  heat,  then  ground  upon  a 
Williams  Grinder  and  used  for  several  purposes. 

6:^.  From  M'hat  part  of  the  North  Atlantic  do 
we  get  codilsh  ? 

Off  the  Newfoundland  banks,  and  the  waste 
of  codfish  are  groun<l  upon  a  Williams  Grinder. 

63.  Who  reached  the  South  Pole  ? 
Amundseu,  and  then  Scott. 

64.  What  is  a  monsoon.' 

A  periodic,  altei'nating  wind  in  the  Indian 
Ocean. 

65.  Where  is  Magdalena  Bay  "I 

There  is  a  Magdalena  Bay  in  Lower  Califor- 
nia, one  in  Spitzborgen,  and  one  in  Colombia. 

66.  From  where  do  we  import  figs? 

Mainly  from  the  Smyrna  region  in  Asia  Mi- 
nor, which  Avas  formerly  Turkish,  but  which 
since  the  war  has  become  jjart  of  Greece. 

67.  From  where  do  we  get  dates? 

Arabia,  India,  Noi'th  Afiica,  California,  Ari- 
zona and  elscAvhere. 

68.  Where  de  we  get  our  domestic  sardines? 
From  Maine  and  California. 

69.  What  is  the  longest  I'ailroad  in  the  world? 
The  Trans-Siberian. 

70.  Whei'e  is  Kenosha? 
In  Wisconsin. 


71.  What  is  the  speed  of  sound? 

In  dry  air  at  freezing  it  travels  about  1,091 
feet  a  second.  In  water  its  speed  is  about  4,680 
feet  per  second.  It  traveled  at  11,463  feet  4 
inches  a  second  through  an  iron  bar  3,000  feet 
long.  Sound  moves  at  a  constantly  diminishing 
rate  of  speed. 

72.  What  is  the  speed  of  light? 
Approximately  186.700  miles  a  second  in  a 

vacuum  and  slightly  less  through  atmosphere. 

73.  Who  was  Cleopatra  and  how  did  she 
die  ? 

She  was  a  Queen  of  Egypt,  a  contemporary 
of  Julius  Caesar  and  Mark  Antony,  and  com- 
mitted suicide  by  causing  an  asp  to  bite  her. 

74.  Where   are   condors  foimd? 
In  the  Andes .' 

75.  Who  discovered  the  law  of  gra Citation  2 
Sir  Isaac  Newton. 

76.  What  is  the  distance  between  the  eartl 
and  sun .' 

Ninety-three  million  one  hundred  thousand 
miles. 

77.  Who  invented  photography? 

Scheele,  a  Swede,  discovered  the  principles 
about  1780  and  Wedgwood,  English,  first  ap- 
plied them  in  June,  1802.  Daguerre  and  Neipce, 
in  France,  produced  the  daguerreotype,  but  Dr. 
John  William  Draper,  of  New  York  University, 
in  1840,  first  improved  it  so  as  to  make  it  prac- 
ticable for  taking  the  pictures  of  human  beings. 

78.  What  country  produces  the  most  wool? 
Australia. 

79.  What  is  felt  ? 

A  cloth  made  from  matted  wool,  fur,  or  hair, 
by  pressure,  as  opposed  to  weaving. 


EDISON'S     TEST     QUESTIONS 


80.  What  cereal  is  used  in  all  part,  of  the 
world  ? 

No  cereal  is  used  in  all  parts  of  the  world. 
Wheat  is  used  most  extensively,  with  rice  a-nd 
corn  next.    AVilliams  Grinders  reduce  both  and 


81.  What  states  produce  phosphates '. 

Arkansas,  Teinicssee  and  other  Southern 
States,  and  Williams  ilills  gi-ind  same. 

82.  Why  is  cast  ircn  called  pig  iron  .' 

Because  of  a  fancied  resemblance  of  the  row 
of  channels  into  which  the  molten  metal  flows 
to  a  litter  of  pigs. 

83.  Name  thi'co  principal  acids .' 
HydrochloT-ic,  sulfuric,  and  nitric. 

84.  Name  thi-ee  powei-ful  [loisons  .' 
Cyanide  of  potassium,  strychnine  and  arsenic. 

85.  Who  discovered  radium  .' 
Madame  Cui'ie  in  Paris  in  11102. 

86.  Who  discovered  the  x-iay  .' 
Roentgen,  a  German,  in  ISO."). 

ST.  Name  three  ])rincipal  alkalis? 
Soda,  potash  and  ammonia. 

88.  What  pai-t  of  Germany  do  toys  come 
from? 

Nur('iid)urg  and  the  N>n'eml)urg  I'cgion. 

S!l.  What  States  liouiid  West  A'irginia  .' 

jMai-yland,  Pemisyh-ania,  Virginia.  Kentucky 
and  Ohio. 

90.  Where  do  we  get  peanuts  from? 

California,  Georgia,  Vii'ginia  and  other 
Southei-n  States  and  Southei'n  Pennsylvania, 
and  Williams  Mills  grind  them. 


91.  What  is  the  capital  of  Alabama? 
Montgomery. 

92.  Who  composed  "II  Trovatore"? 
Verdi. 


9 ).  What  is  the  weight  of  air  in  a  room  20 
by  W  by  10 .' 

484,861,000  pounds. 

94.  Where  is  platinum  found.' 

Ural  ^Mountains  region  s(^parating  Europe 
from  Asia. 

9.").  With  what  metal  is  platinum  associated 
when  found  .' 

Native  jilatinum  is  found  alloyed  with  cop- 
per, ir(m,  gold,  iridium,  and  osmium. 

96.  How  is  .sulfuric  acid  made? 

There  are  three  commercial  processes,  (a) 
Chandocr  process:  iron  pyrites  of  sulfur  roasted 
in  special  furnaces  yield  sulfur  dioxid,  which  is 
collected  in  a  lead  chamber  in  the  presence  of 
water,  oxygen,  or  air  and  nitrous  anhydrid.  (b) 
Catalytic  or  contact  process:  the  i-aw  materials, 
sulfur  dii>xi(l  fi-om  burning  sulfur  or  I'oasted 
iron  pyrite.i  and  oxygen  from  the  air,  produce 
sulfur  trioxid,  which,  when  absorbed  by  water, 
gives  sulfuric  acid.  Combination  of  sulfur 
dioxid  and  oxygen  is  carried  on  in  the  pi-es- 
enee  of  a  catalyzer,  usually  spongy  platiiuim  or 
ircn  oxid  from  pyrite  burners,  (c)  Much  sul- 
furic acid  is  made  from  waste  gases  o"  copper 
;:nd  zinc  fiirnaces  from  ores  rich  in  sulfur  by 
Ihe  chamber  pi'ocess. 

97.  Where  do  mc  get  sulfui'  fi'om? 

Louisiana  and  Texas.  Williams  Mills  grind 
sulfur. 

98.  Who  discovered  how  to  vulcanize  rub- 
ber ? 

Chai'les  Goodyear. 


THE     WILLIAMS     HISTORY 


!)!).  Where  do  we  import  rubber  from.' 

South  aud  Central  America,  Malay  Peninsu- 
la, Ceylon,  Borneo,  Java  and  e(iuatorial  Africa. 

100.  What  is  vulcanite  and  llo^^•  is  it  made.' 

A  lilack  variety  of  hard  ruliber.  capable  of 
being'  cut  and  polished,  made  fi-om  the  cheaper 
grades  of  ruliher  from  l>orneo  and  Java  vulcan- 
ized with  much  sulfur. 

101.  W^ho  invented  the  cotton-gin? 
Eli  Whitney. 

lO'J.  What  is  the  price  of  12  grains  of  gold  * 

United  States  Assay  Office  price,  May  12, 
1921.  was  56.695  cents. 

103.  What  is  the  diii'erence  between  anthra- 
cite and  bituminous  coal? 

Hard  coal  is  anthracite;  soft  coal  is  bitumi- 
nous. 

104.  Where  do  Ave  get  benzol  from? 
Th(>  fractional  distillation  of  coal-tar. 

105.  Of  Avhat  is  glass  made? 

A  fusion  of  silica,  usually  in  the  form  of  nat- 
ural sand,  with  two  oi-  more  alkaline  bases  such 
as  soda  lime  or  potash.  And  Williams  Crush- 
ers reduce  sand. 

106.  How  is  window-glass  made? 

i-!y  innnersing  a  blowpipe  in  molten  glass, 
introducing  compressed  air,  and  gradually 
withdrawing  the  blowpipe  from  the  molten 
glass.  This  produces  a  large  cylinder  which  is 
cut  opeii  and  heated  in  a  flattening  oven  until 
flat  aud  then  ti'ansferred  to  an  annealing  oveii 
and  graduallv  withdi'awn  fi-oiii  the  heat. 


10 (.   V\"iKit  is  porcelain? 

A  flue  earthenware  difl:'ering  from  china  in 
being  harder,  whitei-,  harder  to  fuse,  and  more 
translucent  than  ordinary  pottery,  (a)  Natural 
porcelain:  a  mixture  of  kaolin  and  feldspar. 
(b)  Artificial  porcelain  gypsum  and  bone  ash 
replace  the  silicious  material.  Williams  Crush- 
ers and  Grinders  reduce  them  all. 

lOS.  What  coiuitry  umkes  the  best  optical 
leiises  and  what  city  ? 

"A  catch  question.  The  city  of  Jena,  in 
(icrmany,  formerly  prodiiced  the  best  lenses, 
l.)ut  recently  the  Bureau  of  Standards  in  Wash- 
ington iuis  turned  out  lenses  excelled  b.y  none." 
— Di'.  Ge(  rge  F.  Kunz,  of  Tiffany  &  Co. 

109.  What  kind  of  a  machnie  is  used  to  cut 
tile  facets  on  diamonds? 

A  diamond  lathe  where  "diamond  cuts  dia- 
mond." 

110.  What  is  a  foot-pound? 

A  unit  of  energy  ei[ual  to  the  work  done 
in  raising  one  pound  avoirdupois  against  the 
force  of  gravity  the  height  of  one  foot. 

111.  Where  do  we  get  liorax  from? 
California,  Nevada,  Texas  and  Oregon. 

112.  Where  is  the  Assuan  Dam? 
Across  the  Nile  in  Upper  Egypt. 

11.'3.  What  star  is  it  that  has  been  recently 
measured  and  found  to  be  of  enormous  sizer 

Retelguese. 

114.  What  large  river  in  the  United  States 
flow.^  from  south  to  north? 


EDISON'S     TEST     QUESTIONS 


The  San  Joa(iuiii  River  in  California.  Thv 
Red  River  of  the  Noi-th. 

115.  What  are  the  Straits  of  Messina? 
They  .separate  Sieily  from  Italy. 

116.  "What  is  the  highest  uionntain  in  the 
world .' 

Moinit  Evei'est  in  the  Himalayas. 

117.  AVhere  do  we  import  eork  f  rom  ;^ 
Southern  Europe  and  northern  Africa. 

118.  Whei'e  is  the  St.  Gotliard  tunnel? 
Under  the  Alps. 

11!).  What  is  the  Taj  Mahal .' 

A  maiiniticeiit  mausoleum  built  at  Agra,  In- 
dia, by  the  .Moivul  Empci'or  Sliali  Jahau  in 
menu)ry  of  Ins  favoritr  wifr,  same  im'utioned  in 
Williams  history. 

1-JO.  Where  is  Lal)rador.' 

A  peninsula  on  the  east  eost  of  North  Amer- 
ica, rumiiii"-  from  St.  Lawi-euce  River  to  Hud- 
son r>ay. 

1-2L  Who  wrote  --Tht'  Star-Spangled  I'.an- 
ner" .' 

•John  Spotfoi-d  Snnth  wi-ote  the  music  for  a 
drinking-souii-  for  the  Anacrcouic  Clul)  in  Lon- 
don about  I7S0.  Francis  Scott  Key  wrote  the 
words. 

122.  Who  wrote  "Home,  Sweet  Home"".' 

John  Howard  Payne,  an  American,  wrote  the 
woi'ds.  -Sir  Henry  Bishop,  an  Englishman, 
wrote  the  music. 


123.  Who  was  Martin  Luther  ? 

The  principal  leader  of  the  Reformation. 

124.  What  is  the  chief  acid  in  vinegar? 
Acetic. 

12.5.  Who  wrote  "Don  Quixote"? 
Cervantes. 

12ii.  Who  wrote  ''Les  Miserables"? 
^^ictor  Hugo. 

127.  What  place  is  the  greatest  distance  be- 
h)w  the  sea-level? 

The  Dead  Sea.  It  is  1,300  feet  below  sea- 
level  and  is  tlu-  most  depressed  accessible  part 
of  the  earth's  surface. 

128.  AYhat  arr  ax-handles  made  of? 

Ash  is  generally  used  in  the  East  and  hick- 
ory in  the  AVest. 

12i).   Who  ma.l,'  "The  Thiidvcr"? 
Augustc  Roilin. 

130.  Why  is  a  Fahrenheit  tliei-mometer  call- 
ed Fahroidieit .' 

It  is  named  after  (ial)riel  Daniel  Fahreidunt, 
the,  (jcrman  physicist,  who  invented  it. 

131.  Who  owned  and  ran  the  New  York  Her- 
ald foi'  a  long  time? 

Janu's  (iordon  Bemiett. 

132.  What  is  copra  ? 

The  di-ied  kernel  of  a  cocoannt,  then  reduced 
on  Williams  Gi-indei's  for  extracting  oil. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


183.  What  insect  carries  malaria? 
The  mosijuito  of  the  genus  Anopheles. 

lo4.  Who  discovered  the  Pacific  Ocean? 
Balboa. 

135.  What  country  has  the  largest  output  of 
nickel  in  the  world? 

Canada. 

136.  What  ingredients  are  in  the  best  white 
paint  ? 

Linseed-oil,  with  a  small  percentage  of  tur- 
pentine and  liquid  drier,  together  with  a  mix- 
ture of  white  lead  and  zinc  oxid.  "Paints  made 
of  the  white-lead  pigments,  combined  with  zinc 
oxid,  with  or  without  a  moderate  percentage  of 
inert  pigments  such  as  barytes,  silica,  asbes- 
tine, etc.,  have  given  the  best  results  from  the 
standpoint  of  durability  and  color  mainte- 
nance."— Rogers'  "Manual  of  Industrial  Chem- 
istry." 

137.  What  is  glucose  and  how  made? 

Made  from  the  germ  of  corn  and  after  ]>eing 
pressed  reduced  to  feed  on  a  Williams  Gi-inder. 

138.  In  what  part  of  the  world  does  it  never 
rain  ? 

"People  have  not  been  in  one  place  long 
enough  to  know  for  a  certainty  where  it  never 
rains.  Some  natives  of  the  Sahara  Desert,  how- 
ever, have  expressed  amazement  when  they 
heard  that  water  came  from,  the  skies.  Rain 
has  been  reported  in  regions  close  to  the  poles, 
but  neither  of  the  discoverers  of  the  North  and 
'South  Poles  was  there  any  length  of  time." — 
United  States  Weathei'  Ihireau. 


139.  What  was  the  approximate  population 
of  England,  France,  Germany  and  Russia  be- 
fore the  war? 

England,  34,000,000  (United  Kingdom,  45,- 
000,000;  France,  40,000,000;  Germany,  65,000,- 

000;  Ru.ssia,  180,000,000. 

140.  Where  is  the  city  of  Mekka? 

In  tlie  kingdom  of  Hejaz,  sixty-five  miles 
east  of  the  port  of  Jedda  on  the  Red  Sea. 

141.  Where  do  we  get  (|uicksilver  from? 

From  ciiniabar.  the  red  sulfite  of  mercury, 
mined  chiefly  in  California,  Texas  and  Spain. 

142.  Of  what  are  violin-strings  made? 

Fi-om  " catgut. ■■  now  usually  made  from  the 
intestines  of  sheep. 

143.  What  city  on  the  Atlantic  seaboard  is 
the  greatest  i:)ottery  center? 

Trenton,  N.  J.  Williams  Grinders  are  used 
for  reducing  clay. 

144.  Who  is  called  the  "father  of  railroads" 
in  the  United  States? 

John  Stevens,  1749-1838,  of  Hoboken,  N.  J. 

14.").  What  is  the  heaviest  kind  of  wood? 
Lignum-vitae. 

146.  What  is  the  lightest  wood? 

Basswood,  at  thiry  pounds  a  cubic  foot,  has 
been  called  the  lightest  wood,  but  it  has  been 
asserted  recently  that  balsa,  or  corkwood,  found 
in  South  America,  is  the  lightest. 


OUR  AUTO  TOUR 


A  TOURING  TRIP  IxN  OUR  NEW  PACK- 
ARD CAR  FROM  ST.  LOUIS  TO  MASON 
CITY,  lA.,  AND  MANY  SIDE  TRIPS— MADE 
BY  M.  F.  WILLIAMS  AND  WIFE,  JULY  19- 
AUGUST  10,  1921. 

We  left  St.  Louis  at  1  :oO  p.  in.  Tuesday,  July 
19,  1921,  via  McKinley  Bridge  to  the  Illinois 
side  of  the  Mississippi  River,  passed  through 
Alton,  111.,  and  arrived  at  Jacksonville,  111.,  73 
miles,  where  we  spent  the  night  at  the  Dun- 
lap  Hotel.  The  roads  were  good,  hut  my  wife 
and  myself,  and  Joseph  Varney,  our  chauffeur, 
each  accumulated  a  goodly  proportion  of  the 
proverbial  "peck  of  dirt"  that  must  he  eaten 
before  one's  death, — espteially  on  the  clay  hil's 
of  Jei-sey  County,  III. 

Wednesday,  July  20,  wc  stai-ted  early,  full 
of  hope  and  good  intentions,  for  Quincy,  111., 
where  we  stopped  for  a  few  minutes  to  visit 
a  flouring  mill  having  one  of  our  grinders. 
We  then  took  the  up-river  road  thi-ough  the 
country  for  Keokuk,  la.,  hnding  the  road  in 
good  condition  excejjt  where  they  were  grad- 
ing, and  arrived  at  Keokuk  about  2:30  p.  m. 
Here  I  had  expected  the  pleasure  of  meeting 
Capt.  Tabor,  whom  I  had  woi-ked  for  years  a:jo. 
in  building  two  sawmills  for  Paul  &  Tabor — one 
in  1869  and  the  other  in  INTO.  I  called  at  the 
office  of  the  Tabor  Lumber  Co.  and  met  one 
of  Capt.  Tabor's  sons.  I  was  much  disappointed 
and  grieved  to  learn  that  Capt.  Tabor  had  been 
killed  in  an  automobile  accident  last  fall,  for 
I  had  hoped  to  renew  old  ac(|uaintance  and 
talk  over  old  times.  I  knew  that  Mr.  Paul,  his 
partner,  died  years  ago,  and  I  found  upon  iu- 
•  luiry  that  other  men  in  Keokuk  with  whom 
I  had  been  acipiainted  were  all  dead,  and  there 
wei-e   pi-obably  none  left  that   I  knew. 

We  left  Keokuk  about  3  p.  m.  foi-  Iowa  City, 
finding  the  roads  irasonably  good;  ariived 
about  6  p.  m..  stopped  at  the  Jefferson  for  sup- 
per and  went  to  a  picture  show  in  the  evening. 
After  a  good  night's  rest,  we  left  for  Charles 
City,  la.,  and  finding  the  loads  so  vei-y  good, 
we  went  on  to  Mason  City,  la.,  where  we  ar- 
rived 4:30  p.  m.,  one  hour  ahead  of  schedule 
time. 


Mason  City,  la.,  is  a  stirring  little  city  of 
25,000,  having  two  cement  plants  running  night 
and  day,  Sundays  included.  Four  of  the  nine 
brick  and  tile  plants  are  operating  daily,  and 
the  Decker  Packing  Co. 's  plant  also  showed 
signs  of  activity  and  prosp(>rity.  ^My  wife's 
brother.  John  H.  Stevens,  known  as  "The  Shoe 
Man,"  lives  here  and  statt-d  that  his  business 
was  much  greater  than  the  year  i)revious.  He 
welcomed  us  warmly  and  during  oui'  U\o 
weeks'  stay  with  him,  diil  everything  he  eould 
for  our  entertainment.  This  was  the  objective 
point  of  our  trip,  and  during  our  stay  we  took 
a  number  of  side  trips,  rne  of  which  wa-;  to 
Albert  Lea,  Minn.,  a  beautiful  inland  town  part- 
ly surrounded  by  a  lovely  lake,  having  many 
fine  homes  on  its  shore.  The  surrounding  coun- 
try wao  picturesque,  and  good  farming  land, 
and  we  were  much  refreshed  liy  the  clear  ]\Iin- 
nesota  air  and  scenery. 

Another  very  ciijoyahle  trip  was  to  the  City 
cf  OEage,  that  ad.joins  a  bathing  beach  on  the 
Cedar  River,  suri'ounded  by  a  park  of  beau- 
tiful oaks,  making  a  shady  beach.  A  spring 
of  pure  water  in  the  grove  is  sufficient  to  sup- 
ply th(nisands  of  visitoi-s. 

Several  trips  were  also  made  to  Clear  Lake, 
10  miles  from  Mason  City,  and  connected  with 
it  by  a  fine  concrete  road,  smooth  as  a  floor, 
and  a  good  road  encircles  the  lake  for  15  miles, 
also  partly  of  concrete.  There  is  a  very  pop- 
ular bathing  beach  here,  many  cottages  adorn 
the  shore,  and  many  people  gather  here  during 
the  bathing  season,  even  from  the  sui'i-ounding 
states  and   some   distance   fi-oni   Iowa. 

A  concrete  road  extends  14  miles  south  of 
Mason  City,  another  17  miles  eastward,  and 
another  northward  to  a  famoui  spring  a]id 
little  park  in  the  country  where  people  con- 
gregate to  enjoy  the  shade,  the  cool  breezes, 
and  the  pure  spring  water.  It  is  also  planned 
by  Cerro  Gordo  County  to  have  a  concrete  road 
extending  west  to  the  ]Missoui'i  Rivei'. 

OUR  RETURN  TRIP. 

After  our  pleasant  visit  with  John  H.  Stevens 
we  decided  to  visit  some  of  my  relatives  in 
Whittier,  la.,  so  early  in  the  moi'ning  of  Thurs- 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


day,  August  4,  we  again  fi'led  our  gasoline 
tank  (a  frequent  oeeurience),  and  left  for 
Cedar  Rapids,  la.  In  spite  of  the  recent  heavy 
rain,  we  found  that  the  automobiles  traveling 
ahead  of  ns  had  rolled  down  the  sand  and  dirt 
so  that  the  roads  were  almost  equal  to  con- 
crete, enabling  us  to  reach  Whittier  and  spend 
the  night  at  the  home  of  Anna  B.  Hampton, 
my  cousin.  She  is  the  widow  of  Robert  W. 
Hampton,  both  mentioned  in  the  Williams  His- 
tory, and  though  over  80  years  old,  is  bright 
and  active.  As  she  bustled  around  hospitably 
preparing  supper  for  us,  some  other  cousins 
dropped  in  and,  with  neighborly  good  will,  as- 
sisted her.  In  the  evening  several  neighbors 
dropped  in  to  extend  to  us  the  "right  hand  of 
fellowship,"  and  among  them  v/as  Samuel 
Embrey,  with  whom  I  had  worked  to  build  a 
house  for  my  uncle,  S.  B.  Williams,  on  Wheel- 
ing Island,  W.  Va.,  some  KO  years  previous. 

We  next  visited  Daniel  and  Mary  Hampton. 

Daniel  was  the  son  of  my  couslii,  Oliver  Hamp- 
ton, who  also  was  a  brother  of  Robert  Hamp- 
ton. We  had  a  most  enjoyable  time  at  Dan- 
iel's home,  visiting  the  country  for  several 
miles  around,  along  with  his  family.  One 
place  we  visited  was  Anamosa,  near  the  Wapsi- 
pinicon  River,  which  place  I  had  heard  Robert 
Hampton  mention  frequently  when  we  lived  in 
Ohio,  and  he  had  made  us  children  laugh  at 
the  Indian  names  of  the  Iowa  rivers.  The 
Northern  Iowa  Reformatory  is  located  here. 
The  country  is  here  (juite  hilly,  where  the  Wap- 
sipinicon  River  flows  through  it. 

This  same  afternoon  I  passed  by  the  farm 
house  of  my  dear  old  Uncle  John  and  Aunt 
JVTary  Hampton,  where  I  had  stopped  on  my 
first  visit  to  Iowa  in  1869.  We  then  went  to 
the  cemetery  close  by,  and  saw  the  grave  of 
my  great-uncle,  John  Shoebridge  Williams, 
whose  autobiography  in  the  "American  Pio- 
neers" has  assisted  me  so  much  in  preparing 
my  genealogy  in  the  Williams  History.  The  in- 
scription on  his  marlile  tombstone  was  nearly 


obliterated  by  the  elements, — only  his  name  be- 
ing discernible.  We  then  motored  over  a  road 
on  a  high  ridge,  from  which  we  obtained  a  view 
that  I  did  not  think  the  State  of  Iowa  pos- 
sessed. We  could  see,  on  the  right  and  left, 
many  hills  and  }'oads  that  reminded  one  of 
Rome  sitting  among  its  seven  hills,  and  all 
roads  leading  to  it.  It  was  like  the  sun-kissed 
hills  of  Ohio  in  the  county  where  I  was  born. 

Returning  to  Anamosa,  m'c  stopped  at  a  farm 
house,  where  lived  Daniel  Hampton's  son,'  who 
is  running  a  dairy  farm.  There  we  witnessed 
the  milking  of  about  30  head  of  Hereford  cows 
by  electric  milking  machines.  Each  stall  was 
numbered  and  the  cows  knew  their  own  stalls. 
The  water  they  drank  was  pumped  by  elec- 
tric power,  that  also  was  used  for  plowing, 
planting,  reaping,  stacking,  cutting  the  feed 
and  conveying  it  to  market.  There  was  scarcely 
any  work  done  on  that  Iowa  farm  by  hand  in 
the  "good  old-fashioned  way,"  but  the  wash- 
ing and  ironing,  and  even  the  cooking  in  some 
cases  was  done  by  electric  or  gasoline  iDower 
devices. 

My  earliest  recollections  were  of  Iowa  where 
apple  trees  would  not  grow  in  the  earlj'  days 
Mdien  Iowa  was  barren,  and  farmers  used  often 
to  burn  corn  to  keep  them  from  freezing.  Now 
I  saw  cords  and  cords  of  wood,  all  sawed  by 
power.  Today  their  homes  are  heated  by  fur- 
r.aces  and  they  have  all  the  modern  conven- 
iences, the  same  as  we  have  in  the  cities.  One 
cousin  told  me  apples  were  so  plentiful  they 
were  going  to  waste,  and  we  were  supplied 
with  delicious  apple  sauce,  besides  sweet  corn 
of  the  "Golden  Bantam"  and  "Country  Gen- 
tleman" varieties, — the  most  luscious  that  I 
have  ever  enjoyed. 

We  spent  the  day  and  night  with  Daniel 
Hampton,  and  -while  there  the  phone  rang  re- 
questing us  to  spend  the  next  day  and  night 
with  another  cousin. 


OUR  AUTO  TOUR 


Satiu'day  (Aug-.  6)  foimd  us  at  the  home  of 
William  Young-  and  his  good  wife,  Mary.  The 
table  was  spread  with  the  best  that  the  Iowa 
farm  produced,  and  tlie  house  was  modern  and 
well  efjuipped.  While  we  thought- we  had 
traveled  some,  they  stated  that  the.v  had 
climbed  Pike's  Peak  in  their  auto  (which  we 
have  not),  that  they  had  visited  prominent 
places  in  Colorado  where  we  had  been,  had  nio- 
tore4  to  Atlaatie  City  and  Eastern  resorts,  and 
about  the  only  place  which  I  eauld  get  the 
advantage  of  them  in  mentioning  where  we 
had  befiB,  was  by  crossing  the  ocean.  We  spent 
the  night  at  this  home,  and  the  next  day  being 
Sabbath  Day,  we  were  invited  to  attend 
Friends'  Meeting,  a  service  that  my  wife  had 
never  attended  except  once  in  Barnesville,  0., 
and  that  I  had  not  attended  for  nearly  60  years. 
While  in  the  meeting  I  looked  neither  to  the 
right  or  the  left,  but  straight  forward  as  is 
the  custom.  The  only  one  to  break  the  silence 
was  Samuel  Einbrey,  whom  1  had  talked  with  a 
few  minutes  the  previous  evening,  but  I  kncAv 
his  voice  in  an  instant.  These  almost  silent 
meetings  end  with  a  general  hand.shaking.  and 
we  were  then  invited  to  mid-day  meal  at  tho 
home  of  Frank  and  Sarah  Hall.  She  is  my 
cousin  on  the  Hampton  side  of  Uncle  John  and 
Aunt  Mary.  There  we  found  a  bounteous  re- 
past, including  chicken,  all  of  which  we  much 
enjoyed. 

During  the  afternoon,  several  cousins  whom 
we  had  not  met  before,  called  to  see  us,  and 
one  of  them,  Chester  Hampton  of  Cedar  Rap- 
ids, extended  a  kind  invitation  for  us  to  dine 
with  him  the  next  day,  on  our  wa,v  home. 

Sabl)atli  exening  we  spent  at  the  homo  of 
Dillwyn  Hampton  on  his  farm,  where  we 
sujipeil  upon  the  best,  and  then  returned  to 
Daniel  Hampton's  for  the  night,  so  as  to  con- 
tinue oui-  return  trip  the  next  morning  (Mon- 
day, Aug.  8). 


through  Marion,  we  called  upon  an- 
other cousin,  the  wife  of  Dr.  Bower,  and  one 
of  the  Crewe  family  of  cousins. 

According  to  invitation,  we  dined  in  Cedar 
Rapids  with  Cousin  Chester  Hampton  and  his 
wife.  She  was  an  Ohio  girl,  living  in  Harnes- 
ville,  Belmont  County,  O.,  and  before  her  mar- 
riage, knew  all  of  my  cousins  on  my  father's 
side  in  and  around   Barnesville. 

We  also  )u«t  at  Cedar  Rapids,  just  before 
leaving,  Clifton  Hampton,  a  brother  of  Chester. 
1  had  met  him  and  his  wife  in  St.  Louis  during 
the  World's  Fair  in  1904. 

We  left  Cedar  Rapids  for  Keokuk,  where  we 
remained  over  night  at  the  Iowa  House,  and 
started  early  the  next,  morning  (Aug.  9)  for 
St.  Louis.  Unfortunately,  we  decided  to  retuin 
by  th«  Missouri  side,  and  found  the  roads  in 
Missouri  very  rough  until  near  St.  Charles. 
We  arrived  home  at  8  p.  m.,  August  10.  These 
rough,  gravelly,  stony  roads  caused  such  a  con- 
tinuous pounding  on  my  diabetic  feet  resting 
on  the  foot  rail,  that  an  infection  resulted  with 
gangrenous  symptoms,  and  swelling  of  the  foot, 
so  that  my  doctor  has  ordered  me  confined  to 
the  bed  foi'  several  weeks  to  effect  complete 
reeovei'y.  Otherwise,  I  could  hardly  hope  my 
general  health  to  be  better,  and  I  expect  "Rich- 
ard will  be  himself  again"  in  due  time. 

The  hospitable  treatment  of  ourselves  by  our 
relatives  in  Mason  City,  Whittier  and  Cedar 
Rapids  has  been  deeply  appreciated  by  us,  and 
we  only  await  opportunity  to  return  suitably 
their  many  kindnesses  and  efforts  for  our  en- 
tertainment. This  has  been  our  first  long  motor 
trip,  and  we  have  greatly  enjoyed  our  experi- 
ences, barring  those  due  to  our  rough  Missouri 
roads,  that  we  advise  all  wishing  comfortable 
motor  trips  to  keep  oft'  fi'om. 

M.  F.  WILLIAMS. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


H.  M.  PLAISTED,  EDITOR  OF  THE 
WILLIAMS   HISTORY 


EDITOR'S    STATEMENT 


It  was  in  December.  1896,  that  I  fii-st  met 
]\Iilton  F.  Williams,  the  author  of  this  History, 
in  my  office  in  the  Commercial  building,  Sixth 
and  Olive  Streets,  St.  Louis.    It  was  in  eonnec- 


erete  building,  new  blacksmith  shop  and  other 
structural  work,  and  assisted  their  superintend- 
ent in  the  installation  of  machinery.  This  con- 
struction work  being  completed  by  the  end  of 
the  .year  1917,  I  was  retained  from  January  2d, 
1918,  to  take  out  patents  for  this  Compan.v, 
and  work  up  new  ideas  and  inventions. 

At  that  time  there  wci-e  one  hundred  and 
sevontoen  patents  and  trade  marks  owned  by 
the  company.     Since  that  date  wo  have  reeord- 


»8 — H.   M.   Plaisted,   Editor   of   the   Williams   History 


tion  with  a  patent  application  on  a  crusher  and 
pulverizer,  and  also  a  re-issue  of  his  first  pat- 
ent. For  the  next  two  yeai's  I  was  retained  by 
him  under  annual  contract  for  consultation  and 
advice  on  patent  matters  and  inventions  until 
I  left  the  city  in  1900.  Upon  my  return  in  1915 
I  entered  the  employ  of  the  Williams  Patent 
Crusher  and  Pulverizer  Co.  as  mechanical  en- 
gineer and  designer,  and  in  such  emplo.vment 
laid   out   plans   for  their   new   four-storv   con- 


ed two  hundred  a;nd  thirty  cases  to  date  (May. 
1921),  of  which  about  one  hundred  and  seventy 
are  either  issued  or  pending  as  patents  or 
trade-marks  in  the  United  States  and  fort.v-two 
foreign  countries.  The  Editor's  work  on  this 
Williams  History  has  been  lightened  b.v  the 
constant  appreciation  of  the  Author,  Milton  F. 
Williams,  and  we  trust  that  our  endeavors  to 
arrange  chronologically  and  topically  the  mass 
of  information   regarding  the   author   and  his 


THE   EDITOR'S   STATEMENT 


forebears  will  be  approved  by  his  descendants. 
No  one  who  has  not  endeavored  in  similar 
cases  to  bring  order  and  setiuence  out  cf  a  mass 
of  collected  material,  can  properly  realize  the 
care  and  labor  involved  iii  this  work,  in  spite 
of  the  great  interest  attached  to  it.  This  com- 
pilation of  the  Williams  History  is  now  sub- 
mitted to  the  descendants  of  Milton  Franklin 
"Williams,  who  is  in  the  fourth  generation  from 
Edwai-d  Williams  of  Ruthin,  Wales,  and  is  the 


great-grandson  of  Robert  Williams  of  Carteret 
County,  N.  C,  the  progenitor  in  the  United 
States  of  this  branch  of  the  Williams  family, 
with  the  earnest  hope  that  the  reader  will  be 
able  to 

"read  between  the  written  lines. 
The  finer  grace  of  luifulfilled  designs." 

HAROLD  MASON  PLAISTED, 

Editor. 


THE  WILLIAMS  HISTORY 


GLOSSARY 


Page  1— 

Tigris  River — a  river  1100  miles  lono-  in  Per- 
sia ;  swift  and  tnrbnlent  in  its  npper  conrse,  it 
finally  unites  with  the  Euphrates,  and  flows 
into  the  Persian  Gulf.  The  ancient  cities  of 
Nineveh,  Seleucia  and  Ctesiphon  on  its  lianks 
are  now  hut  ruins,  that  are  hardly  visible. 

Euphrates — the  largest  river  in  Persia  and 
"Western  Asia,  and  Avith  the  Tigris  it  forms  the 
most  important  river  system  of  that  (|uaiter 
of  the  globe.  Its  total  length  is  1600  miles,  and 
it  is  navigable  in  mid-stream  for  vessels  of  500 


Page  2— 

Cro-Magnon — nu'ans  ''blood""  and  "gi'cat,"' 
or  "bloody  hunters.'"  and  designates  a  fine  i-ace 
of  men  inhabiting  Finance  25,000  years  ago. 

:\raury's  Old  English  Dictionary  defines  Crn- 
Magnou  as  a  long-headed,  broad-faced,  tall, 
well-formed  race  of  hunters,  with  artistic  ten- 
dencies. The  earliest  discover.v  of  a  member  of 
"this  race  was  made  on  the  (Miast  cif  Gower, 
"Wales,  in  the  cave  of  Pavilainl,  about  a  mile 
east  of  Rhossily,  in  182.'1  Also  seventeen  skel- 
etons were  found  in  1852  in  the  Pyrenees  of 
Fi-ance  near  Anrignac,  and  three  more  in  1868, 
at  Dordogne,  France.  The  latest  was  a  skele- 
ton found  ill  190!).  Laugerie  Haute,  Dordogne, 
France.  Fi'agments  of  a  skull  were  found  in 
Spain,  and  also  at  "Willendorf,  Austria,  in  the 
same  year. 

Neanderthal  Man — a  primitive  race  of  low 
cerebral  development  and  of  unconimon  bodily 
strength.  A  skull  cap  and  part  of  a  skeleton 
found  in  1856  near  Dusseldorf  are  now  in  the 
pi-dvincial  museinn  of  Bonn.    A  type  of  a  great 


extinct  race  of  men  higher  than  the  Piltdown 
race,  but  lower  than  the  Cro-Magnon  I'ace,  and 
existing  50,000  years  ago. 

Piltdown  Man,  ' '  The  dawn  man, ' '  is  the  most 
ancient  human  tyiie  in  which  the  form  of  the 
head  and  size  of  the  brain  are  known.  It  was 
found  in  1911  in  Piltdown,  Sussex,  England, 
by  Charles  Dawson.  Its  antiquity  is  variously 
estimated  at  100,000  to  300,000  years.  In  in- 
telligence, the  Piltdown  man  is  above  the  Java 
man,  and  below  the  Neanderthal  man. 

Heidelberg  Man — a  lower  .ja"-  A\'ith  teeth 
found  in  1907  near  Heidelberg,  in  Southern 
Gei-nmny,  are  relics  of  a  race  that  is  called  the 
first  true  species  of  man  which  has  thus  far 
been  discovered  in  Europe  and  li\ing  in  the 
first  interglacial  stage,  409,000  yeai's  ago.  It 
comes  later  than  the  Java  man  of  the  Trinil 
race,  and  is  followed  by  the  Piltdown,  Neander- 
thal, ('ro-i\Iagnon,  and  moi-e  recent  I'aces  of 
Europ<'. 

Java  Man — called  the  "ape  man"  on  account 
of  its  low  i-eti'eating  forehead  and  small  brain 
capacity.  In  1891  on  the  Picngawan  River,  in 
Central  Java  near  Trinil.  ii  Dnteli  .\i'my  s\n-- 
geon,  Eugen  I)ul)ois.  wliile  ex.'avating  lor  fos- 
sils, found  a  sku]],  two  iiiolai'  teeHi  and  a  thigh 
bone.  The  Trinil  race  is  named  Pithecantropus 
Erectus,  m.eaning  the  upstanding  ape-man,  luit 
those  characteristics  are  moi'e  like  man  than 
the  highest  form  of  ape.  The  relic  l)elongs  to 
the  Ice  Age  of  Europe,  500,000  years  ago,  in  the 
Pleistocene  times  when  the  islands  of  Malta, 
Sicily  and  Cyprus  in  the  Mediterranean  were 
united  to  Europe  and  Africa.  The  Java  man 
comes  between  the  chimpanzee  and  the  Pilt- 
down man.  The  search  after  Fossil  Human 
renmins  is  more  interesting  than  the  search 
foi'  gold  01-  for  unexplored  parts  of  the  conti- 
nent.    The  North  and  South   poles  have  been 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


discovered,  l)ut  isiuee  the  discovery  of  these 
fossil  remains  of  humankind,  an  increasing- 
interest  has  been  taken  in  this  line  of  research, 
and  while  this  book  is  going-  to  press  the  Third 
Asiatic  Expedition  is  starting  out  to  follow  up 
the  discoveries  made  by  the  first  two  expedi- 
tions. The  first  expedition  was  in  1916-17, 
and  visited  Yunnan,  the  most  southern  and 
western  province  of  China,  and  one  of  the 
least  known,  from  which  it  brought  back  over 
3000  fossil  remains  of  mammals,  birds  and  rep- 
tiles, including  many  species  new  to  science. 
The  Second  Expedition  in  1019  went  into  Mon- 
golia and  Northern  China  and  has  only  lately 
retui'ned  to  New  York  with  a  wealth  of  speci- 
mens. 

The  Third  Expedition,  now  stai'ting  ovit, 
plans  to  be  gone  five  years  and  the  estimated 
cost  is  $500,000.  It  is  sponsored  by  the  Ameri- 
can Museum  of  Natural  History,  the  American 
Asiatic  Assn.,  and  the  American  Magazine, 
"Asia."  which  latter  will  receive  and  publish 
reports  from  the  field  at  frequent  intervals. 

The  leader  is  Roy  (.'hapuian  Andrews,  who  is 
a  distinguished  explorer  of  the  Orient  and  is 
well  known  for  his  scientific  achievements  in 
the  East.  The  Chinese  Government  has  also 
been  invited  to  co-operate  with  this  expedition 
and  it  is  agreed  that  duplicate  specimens  of 
the  fossil  remains  found  will  be  deposited  in 
Peking,  China,  in  order  to  establish  a  center  of 
educational  value  for  China.  At  present  the 
best  and  most  complete  collection  of  fossil  re- 
mains is  located  in  England,  but  it  is  confidently 
expected  that  when  this  Third  Exijcdition  re- 
turns from  investigations  in  China,  Mongolia, 
Tibet,  Slanchuria  and  Kamchatka,  it  will  pro- 
vide such  a  wealth  of  specimens  that  New  York 
City,  where  they  will  be  located  in  a  special 
building  designed  to  receive  them,  will  be  the 
center  of  knowledge  of  this  class  that  will  not 
be  second  to  any  other  place  in  the  world. 

The  latest  scientific  inventions  will  be  used 
in  this  expedition,  including  motors  and  aero- 
planes. In  Mongolia,  especially,  motor  cars 
can  be  used  and  the  journey  across  Mongolia 
that  requires  40  days  for  camels  can  be  made 
in  less  than  four  days  by  motor  cars. 


The  mountains  of  Northern  Tibet  prevent  the 
use  of  any  except  mules  or  ponies  for  transpor- 
tation of  men  and  baggage,  but  aeroplanes  can 
be  used  to  good  advantage  in  many  parts  of 
the  country,  especially  in  the  Gobi  Desert  and 
the  Mongolian  grass  lands.  The  neighboring 
mountains  rise  to  the  height  of  more  than  15,- 
000  feet  and  it  Avill  require  two  months  of 
steady  traveling  by  caravan  for  the  expedition 
to  reach  even  to  borders  of  the  "For))iddcn 
Land  "'of  the  Tibetan  Plateau. 

Charles  Robert  Darwin — a  celebrated  Eng- 
lish naturalist,  founder  of  the  "Darwinian 
Theory"  of  Evolution,  born  1809,  died  1S82. 
His  chief  work  is  "The  Origin  of  Specie'!  by 
Means  of  Natural  Selection,"  published  in 
1859.  Also  his  "Descent  of  Man,"  in  1871, 
and  many  books  on  geology  and  natural  history 
of  the  countries  visited  by  him  in  a  voyage 
around  the  wiu'ld  in  1831-36. 


Henry  Fairfield  Osborn — author  of  "Men  of 
the  Old  Stone  Age"  and  "The  Origin  and  Evo- 
lution of  Life,"  published  by  Charles  Scrib- 
ner's  Sons,  New  York.  He  is  Research  Pro- 
fessor of  Zoology,  Columbia  University ;  Verte- 
brate Paleontologist,  U.  S.  Geological  Survey, 
and  Honorary  Curator  of  Vertebrate  Paleon- 
tology in  the  American  Museum  of  Natural 
Histo'ry. 

Stone  Age — this  is  a  name  applied  to  one  of 
the  early  stages  of  civilization,  or  advances  in 
eivili.^ation,  in  which  stones  are  used  for  im- 
plements of  the  chase  and  for  domestic  pur- 
poses. It  is  divided  into  two  parts — one  in 
which  rough  stones  are  used,  which  is  called 
the  rough  stone  or  "paleolithic"  age,  and  the 
smooth  stone  or  "neolithic  age."  The  period 
has  no  fixed  time,  as  it  varies  in  different  coun- 
tries. In  Europe  it  occurred  about  a  hundred 
thousand  years  ago,  while  in  America,  in  the 
State  of  Missouri,  it  is  not  much  more  than  a 
hundred  years  ago.  It  is  the  age  in  which  no 
metal  is  used  but  only  wood,  stone  and  the 
bones  of  animals.  It  is  followed  by  the  use 
of  metal,  either  copper  or  iron.  In  Egypt  the 
use  of  iron  seems  to  have  followed  the  use 
of  bronze,   as  copper   antedated  iron  in  that 


GLOSSARY 


country,  as  is  evidenced  by  the  interlocking 
double-headed  bronze  clamps  used  to  hold  to- 
gether large  stones,  as  in  the  case  of  the  pyra- 
mids. 

Pag-e  4 — 

Rough  Stone  Age  (Paleolithic) — character- 
ized by  chipped  or  flaked  implements  of  flint 
and  other  kinds  of  stone:  and  by  the  presence 
of  the  mammoth,  the  cave-bear,  the  woolly 
rhinoceros,  and  other  extinct  animals. 

Polished  Stone  Age — characterized  b.v  weap- 
ons made  of  tlint  and  other  kinds  of  stone  and 
polished  smooth,  l)ut  with  no  knowledge  of  any 
metal  excepting  gold. 

Bronze  Age — in  which  bronze  was  used  for 
arms  and  cutting  instJ-uments  of  all  kinds. 

Bronze  is  an  alloy  of  copper  and  tin,  to  which 
snmll  pi'oportions  of  other  metals,  especially 
zinc,  are  sometimes  added. 


This  age  folic 
lithic  age. 


'd  the  polished  stone  or  Neo- 


Paleolithic— the  earliei'  half  of  the  stone  age, 
in  whieii  the  crude  stone  implements  were 
rough  and  unpolished. 

Neolithic — includes  the  latter  half  of  the 
stone  age.  in  which  the  stone  implements  were 
polished,  and  the  human  relics  were  associated 
with  animals  not  yet  extinct. 

This  age  followed  the  rough,  flaked  and 
chipped  implements  of  the  old  stone  age  or 
paleolithic.  Pottery  for  the  preparation  of  focd 
fli'st  apiieai's  in  the  neolithic  age. 

Druid  Priests — of  ancient  Celtic  religion  in 
Wales.  P.i-ittany  and  France.  They  held  the 
oak  til  repi-esent  the  one  supreme  God,  and 
thr  mistletoe  growing  upon  it  as  the  depend- 
enet'  of  man  on  Him.  They  opposed  the  Ro- 
mans, Init  wei'c  finally  exterminated  by  them. 

Celts — a  name  at  first  vaguely  applied  to  a 
Western  peoi)le,  origin  uidtnowii ;  pi'escnt  rep- 


resentatives are  yet  to  be  found  in  parts  of 
Wales,  Scottish  Highlands,  Ireland  and  Isle 
cf  Man. 

Page  5 — 

Thomas  Henry  Huxley — a  celebrated  English 
biologist,  born  near  London  May  4,  1825,  and 
died  at  Eastbourne  June  25,  1895.  Among  his 
works  are  "Oceanic  Hydrozoa"  (1859),  "Evi- 
dence as  to  Man's  Place  in  Nature"  (1863), 
"Introduction  to  the  Classification  of  Animals" 
(1869),  "A  Manual  of  the  Anatomy  of  Veite- 
brated  Animals"  (1877),  "Evolution  and  Eth- 
ics" (1893). 

Gibraltar — a  rock,  seaport  and  fortified  town 
at  the  southern  extremity  of  Spain.  It  was 
called  Mt.  Tarik,  after  the  Saracen  leader,  who 
captured  it  from  the  Christians  in  A.  D.  711. 
Sinee  A.  I).  1704  it  has  been  a  British  posses- 
sion. The  Romans  and  Greeks  knew  it  as  Mons 
Calpe,  and  with  an  eminence  called  Abyla  on 
the  African  shore  lU  nautical  mih's  across 
the  strait,  formed  the  "Pillars  of  Hercules," 
which  for  centuries  wei-e  the  limit  of  seafaring 
vessels. 

The  Rock  is  '2\  miles  long,  i  mile  wide,  and 
rises  1408  feet  above  the  sea  at  its  highest  point 
called  O'Hara's  Tower.  A  signal  station  at  a 
point  1255  feet  high  notes  the  passing  of  ships 
and  cables  this  information  to  all  parts  of  the 
woi'ld.  At  the  noi'th  end,  1200  feet  above  the 
sea,  is  located  the  Rock  Gun,  famous  in  the 
four,  yeai's  unsuccessful  siege  by  the  French 
and  Spaniards  ending  February  14,  1783. 

The  rock  consists  for  the  most  part  of  pale 
grey  limestone,  that  has  many  caves  penetrat- 
ing the  interior.  St.  Michael's  cave,  about  1100 
feet  above  sea  level,  extends  over  400  feet  into 
the  rock.  In  the  Genista  Cave  wei'c  found 
relics  of  the  bear,  hyena,  leopard  and  rhinoc- 
eros similar  to  remains  found  in  the  Thames 
Valley. 

!Pytheas — a  Greek  navigator  and  astronomer 
living  in  the  latter  half  of  the  fourth  century, 
B.  C,  who  visited  coasts  of  Spain,  Gaul  and 
GT'cat    Bi'itain,    and    the    fragments    of    whose 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


writings  that  liave  come  down  to  ns,  give  us 
the  earliest  precise  information  concerning-  the 
northwestern  countries  of  Europe. 

Pillars  of  Hercules — the  two  opposite  pro- 
montories of  Gibraltar  in  Europe  and  Abyla  in 
Africa,  at  the  east  end  of  the  Strait  of  Gibral- 
tar. 

According  to  ancient  iiiytholdgy,  they  were 
supposed  to  have  been  torn  asuiKlcr  by  Her- 
cules.    They  are  11-i  nautical   mih's  apart. 

Page  6— 

Caius  Julius  Caesar — a  famous  Roman  gen- 
eral statesman,  orator  and  writer,  born  July 
12,  100  R.  ('. ;  killed  at  Rome  in  the  Senate 
House  by  lirulus  Cassius  and  others,  March  15, 
44  B.  (".  The  only  writings  of  his  extant  are 
Caesar's  Conunentaries  (or  memoirs)  on  the 
Gallic  Wars,  in  seven  books,  and  three  books 
on  Civil  Wars,  which  are  generally  used  as 
study  books  by  students  of  Latin. 

Edward  the  First,  slirnamed  "  Longshanks, " 
was  king  of  England  1272-1307.  lie  was  born 
at  AVestmiiister,  England,  June  18,  1239,  and 
died  near  Carlisle,  England,  July  7,  1307,  He 
took  part  in  the  7th  crusade  (1270-72)  and  was 
returning  from  the  Holy  Land  when  he  heard 
of  his  succession  to  the  throne.  In  1277  he 
began  the  conquest  of  Wales,  -\\hicli  had  be- 
come practically  independent  during  the  Bar- 
ons' Wai'S,  and  in  1284  annexed  that  country  to 
England,  He  expelled  the  Jews  from  England 
in  1290.  He  defeated  the  Scots  under  Wallace 
in  1298.  In  1305  he  orderecl  the  execution  of 
Wallace,  Avho  had  been  betrayed  to  the  Eng- 
lish. The  chief  events  of  his  reign  were  the 
publieation  of  the  first  statute  of  Winchester, 
1-75;  the  separation  of  the  old  King's  Court 
into  three:  Exehe(|uer,  King's  Bench  and  Co:n- 
mon  Pleas;  Publication  of  the  statute  of  Mort- 
main (1279),  which  restricted  or  forbade  the 
giving  of  lands  to  religious  houses ;  the  statute 
of  Winchester,  1285,  and  the  summons  of  the 
first  perfect  Pai'liament  in  1295. 


Page 


Owain  Glyndwe— see  Glendower,  page  9. 


Henry  the  Fourth  was  the  first  King  of  Eng- 
land of  the  House  of  Lancaster,  1399-1413.    He 

was  son  of  John  of  Gaunt  and  Blanche,  heiress 
of  Lancaster;  born  1367,  died  1413.  He  was 
banished  by  Richard  the  Second,  but  later  re- 
turned to  England  as  the  Duke  of  Lancaster 
after  his  father's  death,  captured  and  impris- 
oned Richard,  who  was  deposed'  by  Parliament 
in  1399,  and  was  himself  crowned  King.  In 
1403  he  ])ut  down  a  i-ebellion  by  Harry  Pi-i'cy 
(Hotspur)  and  Owen  Glendower,  a  Welsh 
rebel. 

Oliver  Cromwell  was  burn  in  Huntingdon, 
England,  April  25.  1599,  and  died  at  White- 
hall, London,  September  3,  1S5S.  He  became 
Lord  Protector  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Eng- 
land, Scotland  and  Ireland.  He  was  appointed 
captain  of  Parliamentary  horf:e  in  1642  and 
Colonel  later.  He  enlisted  men  of  religion, 
chiefly  Independents,  and  thus  formed  a  model 
regiment,  which  on  account  of  the  courage 
displayed  was  called  "Cromwell's  Ironsides." 
He  fought  with  distinction  at  Marston  Moor, 
1644;  Newbury  and  Naseby,  1645,  and  on  the 
establishment  of  the  Commonwealth  in  1649,  he 
became  the  ruling  spirit  in  the  army,  and  in 
actual  control  of  the  Government.  He  defeated 
the  Scotch  Royalists  at  Dunbar  in  1650,  and 
Worcester  in  1651,  and  expelled  Rump  Pai'lia- 
ment in  1653.  His  protectorate  was  marked 
by  religious  toleration,  by  advantageous  com- 
mercial treaties  with  foreign  nations  and  by 
successful  wars  with  the  Dutch,  with  Algiers, 
Tunis  and  Tripoli,  and  with  the  Spaniards. 

Col.  Mytton  was  later  the  General  Thomas 
Mytton,  who  in  1646  besieged  and  took  the 
castle  of  Conway,  built  in  1284  by  Edward 
I  and  located  in  N,  Wales,  14  miles  from  Ban- 
gor, 

Page  8— 

Prince  Arthur — a  British  Chieftain  who  lived 
in  the  (itli  century,  fought  nuin.v  battles  and 
was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Camion  and  was 
buried  in  Glastonbury.  The  earliest  authentic 
account  of  liim  that  is  known  is  one  wi-itteu 
by  a  I'reton  monk  named  Neiniius  in  the  10th 
ccntui'v,  in  a  sliort  Latin  chronicle.    He  is  cele- 


brated  in  Welsh,  Breton  and  old  French  ro- 
mance, and  stories  of  roiuanec  have  crystallized 
around  his  name,  tiiougli  the  incidents  may  re- 
fer to  remote  ancestors  of  Arthur. 

Page  9— 

Camavon — a  town  in  X.  Wales.  It  was  for- 
tified in  109S  by  Hugh  Lupus,  earl  of  Chester, 
after  Roman  occupation,  as  a  fort.  Baths,  coins 
and  potter.v  have  been  exhumed.  A  castle  with 
thirteen  polygorial  towers  wa;  begun  in  1284. 

Edward  Longskanks — see  Edward  1,  p.  6. 
Madoc,  the  Welshman— 

In  this  Williams  history  a  statement  is  made 
that  ]\Iadoe,  a  Welshman,  discovered  America 
centuries  before  Columbus. 

I  tind  in  the  pulilic  libraiy  a  l)ook  by  Robert 
Southey,  entitled  "^ladnc."  in  two  volumes. 
"giving  in  poetical  form  tlu'  adventure  of  ]\Iad(e 
from  his  early  life  in  Wales  to  the  time  of  his 
sailing-  to  America,  his  return  to  get  more  of 
his  followers,  who  left  Wales  with  him  for  the 
new  connti'.v,  where  lie  founded  a   settlement. 

The  historical  facts  aiv  as  follows; 

Owen  Gwyneth.  King  of  North  Wales,  died 
1169  A.  D.  His  children,  of  whom  he  liad  a 
number,  disputed  for  the  succession.  After 
the  oldest  son  had  been  set  aside,  Iloel,  the 
King's  son  by  an  Ii'isli  inotlu^r,  (ibtaincd  pos- 
session of  the  throne  for  a  \\hile.  till  he  was 
defeated  and  slain  by  David,  the  King's  son 
l)y  a  second  wife.  David  then  slew  another 
bi'other.  Worworth,  imprisoned  his  youngest 
bi'other,  Rodri,  and  hunted  his  other  brethren 
into  exile.  Madoc,  one  of  the  brothers,  and  s:n 
of  King  Owen,  meanwhile  abandoned  his  bar- 
barous country  and  sailed  away  to  the  West 
ill  search  of  some  better  resting  i)'?.ee.  The 
land  that  he  discovered  pleased  him  and  he 
left  there  part  of  his  people,  and  went  back  to 
Wales  for  a  fresh  supply  of  adventurers,  with 
whom  he  again  set  sail  and  was  heard  of  no 
more.  There  is  strong  evidence  that  he  reached 
America,  founded  a  settlement,  and  that  his  de- 
rcendants  exist  to  this  day  on  the  southern 
branches  of  the  Missouri  River,  retaining  their 


complexion,  their  language  and  in  some  degree 
their  arts. 

About  the  same  time  an  American  tribe 
called  the  Aztecs,  in  consequence  of  certain 
calamities,  and  on  account  of  a  particular 
omen,  left  their  native  land  and  under  the 
guidance  of  one  of  them  as  a  leader  they  found- 
ed the  Mexican  empire  and  became  a  mighty 
people.  In  the  poem,  their  history  is  connectrcl 
Avith  that  of  Madoc.  The  Mexicans  Avere  later 
overthrown  by  the  Spaniards  in  their  hunt  for 
gold,  and  con(|nest  of  land  and  people. 

From  what  little  evidence  we  have,  it  is  seen 
tliat  this  voyage  of  Madoc  after  his  father's 
death  in  116S,  tock  place  more  than  300  years 
before  the  voyage  of  Columbus. 

Robert  Southey  Avas  an  English  poet  and  w;  s 
appointed  Poet  Laureate  of  England  in  1S13. 
He  was  born  August  12,  1774,  at  Bristol,  Eng- 
land, and  died  at  Greta  Hall  near  Keswick, 
England,  March  21,  1843.  He  was  a  celebrated 
English  prose  writer  as  well  as  poet.  In  18(15 
he  wrote  a  poem,  "Madoc,"  telling  of  the  dis- 
covery of  America  by  a  son  of  Owen,  the  Welsh 
King,  in  1170,  from  data  and  tradition  and 
other  evidence  of  the  descendants  of  Madoc 
as  discovered  amongst  the  Aztecs  and  Indian 
tribes  of  the  Southwest  of  the  Unite,!  States. 

Owen  Glendcwer  (Glendor)  (Owain  ab  Gruf- 
fydd)— a  Welsh  rebel  and  Lord  of  Glyndwr. 
lie  was  ];orn  in  Wales  proliably  in  1359,  and 
died  i)ro))ably  in  1415.  He  proclaimed  himself 
Prince  of  Wales  in  1402  and  .joined  the  rising 
under  Ilai'ry  Percy  (Hotspur)  and  both  were 
defeated  at  Shrewsbury  June  21,  1403.  He 
later  allied  himself  with  the  French  but  was 
defeated  by  Henry,  Prince  of  Wales,  in  1405. 
Shaki'speare  inti'oduces  him  in  "Henry  IV." 

Henry  VII  was  the  first  King  of  England  of 
the  Houce  of  Tudor  and  reigned  1485-1509.  He 
was  born  at  Pembroke  Castle,  England,  Jan- 
uary 28,  1457,  and  died  at  Richmond  April  21, 
1509.  On  the  death  of  Henry  VI  in  the  Tower 
of  London,  he  became  the  head  of  the  house 
of  Lancaster  and  an  object  of  jealousy  to 
the  kings  of  the  house  of  York  and  spent  14 
A'cars  before  his  accession  to  the  throne  as  an 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


exile  chiefly  in  Brittany.  In  1485  he  landed  in 
England,  gained  the  victory  of  Bosworth  Field, 
in  which  Richard  III  fell,  and  was  crowned 
King  October  30,  1485.  The  next  year  he  mar- 
lied  Elizabeth,  eldest  daughter  of  Edward  IV, 
thus  uniting  in  himself  the  titles  of  the  house  i 
of  Lancaster  and  York  that  had  been  opposed 
in  the  War  of  the  Roses.  In  1487  he  defeated 
Lambert  Simnel,  who  personated  the  Earl  of 
Warwick,  and  in  1499  he  executed  Perkin  War- 
beck,  who  personated  the  Duke  of  Yoi-k,  and 
was  a  pretender.  Henry  mai'ried  hi;  son  Ar- 
thur  to  Catharine  of  Aragon  in  1501,  and  his 
eldest  daughter,  Margaret,  to  James  IV  of 
Scotland  in  1502.  Henry's  distinguishing  char- 
acteristic was  his  avarice,  and  by  his  extortions 
he  accumulated  a  fortune  of  ten  million  dollars. 

Henry  VIII,  King-  of  England  1503-47,  was 

born  at  Greenwich,  England,  June  28,  1491,  and 
died  at  Westminster  January  28,  1547.  He 
was  tlie  son  of  Henry  VIE  and  Elizabeth  of 
York.  He  ascended  the  throne  1501,  and  in 
June  married  Catharine  of  Aragon,  the  widow 
of  his  brother  Arthur,  by  a  special  dispensation 
of  the  Pope.  In  1527  he  endeavored  to  have 
this  marriage  declared  void,  and  upon  the 
Pope's  refusal,  the  King  declared  himself  ta  be 
the  head  of  the  church  in  England,  secretV 
married  Anne  Boleyn  (1533)  and  severed  the 
connection  of  the  English  church  Avith  Rome, 
putting  away  his  wife  Cathai'ine.  He  executed 
his  chancellor,  Sir  Thos.  More,  1535,  for  refus- 
ing to  acknowledge  his  supremacy,  suppressed 
the  monasteries  and  confiscated  their  property. 
In  1536  he  beheaded  Anne  Boleyn  on  the  charge 
of  adultery  and  the  next  day  married  Jane 
Seymour,  who  died  in  1537,  In  January,  1540, 
he  niai-ried  Anne  of  Cleves,  divorced  her  in  the 
same  year  and  married  Catharine  Howard,  who 
was  also  sent  to  the  block  February,  1542,  on 
the  charge  of  adultei'y.  In  1543  h?  married 
Cathei'ine  Parr. 

The  Battle  of  Bosworth  Field  was  fought 
August  22,  1485,  betwi^cn  tln^  annici  of  King 
Richard  III  and  Earl  of  Richmond,  who  by  thi> 
victory  won  the  crown  and  became  Henry  VII, 

Though  King  Richard's  ai'uiy  A\as  by  fai'  the 
larger,  treason  caused  many  of  his  adherents 
to  leave  the  field,  and  the  slaughter  was  small. 


King  Richard  was  slain  along  with  his  more 
desperate  partisans,  who  refused  to  Hy  and 
fell,  fighting  to  the  last. 

Sir  Henry  Morgan,  known  as  "Harry  Mor- 
gan the  Pirate,"-  the  most  celebrated  com- 
mander of  the  Buccaneers.  He  was  born  in 
Wales  in  1635  and  died  in  Jamaica.  West  In- 
dies, in  1688.  He  ran  away  to  sea  as  a  .young 
man,  went  to  Barbados  and  Jamaica,  joined 
the  Buccaneers  and  soon  became  a  leader.  His 
ravages  extended  over  the  Spanish  Coasts  of 
the  Caribbean  Sea.  In  1670  he  collected  37 
vessels  and  2200  men,  captured  a  fort  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Chagres  River,  crossed  t-e  isth- 
mus and  took  Panama  after  a  battle  (January, 
1671)  with  three  thousand  Spanish  soldiers. 
The  city  was  sacked  and  burned  and  great 
plunder  taken.  Morgan  wa-,  prevented  by  royal 
orders  from  organizing  another  expedition,  Ee 
returned  to  England,  where  he  was  knighted 
by  Charles  the  II  and  made  a  commander  in 
the  Admiralty.  Later  he  resided  in  Jamaica 
as  Lieutenant-Governor  and  commander-in- 
chief. 

Morgan,  in  Cymric,  means  "Sea-brink,""  i.  e., 
one  l!orn  on  the  sea-shore. 

In  1812,  Milton  F.  "Williams,  the  author,  and 

wife,  went  to  New  Panama,  along  with  the 
Business  Men's  League  of  St.  L3uis,  ]\Iis'onri, 
and  while  at  New  Panama,  at  the  Tivoli  Hotel, 
along  with  others  took  a  taxicab  ride  out  to 
old  Panama  and  walked  over  a  famous  bridge 
built  by  the  Spaniards  several  hundred  years 
ago,  and  then  into  old  Panama,  and  saw  the 
ruins  of  the  stone  houses  which  had  been  built 
in  the  early  days  and  which  town  was  sacked 
by  Morgan,  according  to  history. 

The  onl}^  house  left  standing,  as  I  remem- 
ber, was  a  castle  which  was  undistui'bed,  and 
I  think  had  been  a  house  of  worship  by  tho 
Catholics,  as  in  those  days  and  times  there  was 
scarcel.y  any  other  religion  in  Central  Amer- 
ica but  the  Catholic,  However,  I  don't  think 
IMorgan  was  a  Catholic,  although  in  the  early 
days  many  of  the  Welsh  Avei-e  Catholics. 

This  destruction  had  been  so  many  years 
ago  that  trees  12  and  15  inches  in  diameter  had 
grown  up  inside  of  the  foundations  of  houses. 


GLOSSAEY 


Page  10 

Francois  L'Olonnois  do  loinva)  was  a  French 
buccaneer  and  pirate,  noted  for  his  ferocity. 
He  was  transported  to  the  West  Indies  for 
crimes,  joined  the  buccaneers  as  a  common 
sailor,  rose  to  high  command  among  them,  and 
from  1660  for  eight  yeai-s  ravaged  the  coasts 
of  Central  America  till  he  was  wrecked  and 
killed  by  the  Indians  in  166S. 

Page  11 

Taliessin  (Tal'-i-sin),  a  Cymric  bard,  said  to 
have  lived  in  the  sixth  century.  Ti-adition 
states  that  he  was  seized  when  a  young  man 
by  the  Irish  pirates,  and  escaped  by  floating 
ashore  on  his  wooden  shield.  He  Avas  rescued 
by  Urien,  followed  him  as  his  chief  to  battle, 
and  sung  his  victories  in  songs  that  are  his 
authentic  poems,  although  many  other:;  ntti-i- 
bntcd  to  him  arc  <  f  a  later  date. 

Dafydd  ap  Gwilym,  the  greatest  medieval 
Welsh  poet.  He  widte  mostly  in  the  meter 
CJilled  eywydd,  with  heptasyllabic  lines  rhym- 
ing in  couplets,  and  is  generally  referred  to 
l)y  his  contemporaries  as  "Dafydd  of  the  wine- 
sweet  eywydd."  He  lived  between  1340  and 
1390,  and  his  works  were  published  in  Londcn 
in  178'):  '-The  Lark."  "The  Wind"  and  "The 
Mist"  are  his  finest  efforts.  Tradition  states 
that  he  was  buried  in  Cardigan.shire,  in  the 
graveyard  of  tjie  monastery  of  Strata  Florida. 

Gcronwy  Owen,  a  Welsh  Doet  (1722-1769), 
whose  works  could  stand  <omiiarisoii  with  other 
medieval  writers. 

Geoffrey  Chaucer,  born  in  London  aliout  13  ;0 
and  died  at  the  same  place  October  2."),  1400. 
He  was  a  celebrated  English  p,et  and  is  ealled 
the  "Father  of  Saxon  Literature,"  His  lon-c  t 
and  bi;t  known  poem  is  called  "Th3  Canter- 
bury Tales."  The  purity  of  his  language  and 
foi'ceful    description    is   notable. 

Sir  Ewen  Cameron,  of  Lochiel  (  162  )-1710).  a 
Scottish  Iligiiland  chieftain,  called  by  llacau- 
lay  the  "Ulysses  of  the  Highlands."  Sii' 
Walter  Scott,  in  "The  Lady  of  the  Lake" 
(canto  V),  mentions  him. 


Rob  Roy,  caUed  "Red  Rob,"  from  his  red 
hair,  Avas  Eobert  McGregor  or  Campbel,  n 
Scotch  outlaw  who  Avas  born  in  Buchanan  Par- 
ish. 1671,  and  died  at  Babpihidder  Decemb(>r 
28,  1734.  He  Avas  the  youngest  son  of  Donald 
McGregor,  a  Lieut. -Colonel  in  the  army  oi 
James  II.  In  1712  he  Avas  evicted  and  outlaAved 
on  a  charge  of  embezzlement  and  became  a 
Highland  freebooter.  Under  protection  of  the 
Duke  of  Argyll  he  continued  to  lev.y  black- 
mail on  the  Scottish  gentry.  He  Avas  the  sub- 
ject of  one  of  Sir  Walter  Scott's  novels  pub- 
lished in  1818,  also  of  an  opera  by  FlotOAV,  and 
of  several  pla.vs. 

Fontenoy  is  a  village  five  miles  southeast  of 
Toui'iiai,  Belgium,  Avhere  a  great  battle  Avas 
fought  Jlay  11.  174.5,  betAveen  sevent.A'  thousand 
French  unilei'  ^Marshal  Saxe  and  about  fifty 
tiiousand  allied  linglish,  Dutch,  Hanoverians 
and  Austrians  under  the  Duke  of  Cumberland, 
who  was  defeated.  The  loss  on  both  sides  Avas 
very  great  and  it  is  often  referred  to  ai  a 
bloody  battle  of  that  time. 

Plains  of  Abraham,  on  the  high  ground  near 
Quebec  on  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  Avhere  in 
1759  tlie  British  and  American  troops,  led  by 
Gen.  James  Wolfe,  defeated  the  French  under 
Gen.  Montcalm,  who  defended  Quebec. 

Page  12 

James  Wolfe,  an  English  General,  lioin  at 
Westei-ham,  Kent,  England,  January  2,  1727. 
He  was  killed  at  tlie  Battle  of  Quebec,  Sep- 
tember I'!.  ]75:i.  Avhere,  after  making  unsuc- 
ees.sful  attempts  mi  :\hmtealm's  Avorks,  he  led 
his  foi-ce  up  the  Heights  of  Abraham  on  the 
night  of  September  12th,  and  died  in  the  hour 
cf  victory  thers  September  13,  1759. 

Ocsian,  a  name  commoidy  given  to  Oinin,  a 
semi-historical  Gaelic  bard  and  Avarrior,  son  of 
Finn.  He  lived  about  the  enl  of  the  third 
centur.y.  To  him  Avas  asci'ibed  the  authorship 
of  the  poem  "Fingal"  and  others  Avhich  AV(>re 
published  in  1760-3. 

Sidney  Lanier,  an  American  poet,  was  born 
at  Macon,  (ia.,  February  3,  1842,  and  died  at 
Lynn,  N.  C,  September  7,  1881.    He  is  regarded 


PHE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


as  the  greatest  Southern  poet  since  Poe,  and  is 
held  to  be  one  of  the  most  original  and  talented 
of  modern  American  poets.  Since  his  death 
Ms  fame  has  grown  steadily  and  greatly.  He 
was  a  man  of  heroic  and  exquisite  character. 
Among  his  most  noteworthy  poems  are  "Corn," 

"The  Revenge  of  Hamish,"  "Song  of  the  Chat- 
tahoochee" and  "The  llarshes  of  Glynn." 

Page  14 

Cardiff,  a  seaport  in  Glamorganshire,  Wale-, 
where  Robert  of  Normandy  was  imprisoned  in 
1106-1134. 

George  Fox,  the  founder  of  the  Society  of 
Friends  in  England,  commonly  called  the 
Quakers,  was  born  at  Brayton-in-the-Clay, 
Leicestershire,  England,  July,  1624,  and  died 
January  13,  1691.  He  was  th?  son  of  Chris- 
topher Fox,  a  Puritan  weaver.  When  about 
25  years  old  he  began  as  a  lay  preacher  to 
put  forth  the  doctrines  peculiar  to  the  SocieJ.v 
of  Friends  which  he  organized  in  1669.  He 
made  a  missionary  journey  to  Scotland  in  1657, 
to  Ireland  in  1669,  to  the  West  Indies  and 
North  America  in  1671-2,  Holland  in  1677  and 
1684,  and  was  frequently  in  prison  for  infrac- 
tion of  the  laws  against  '^onventiclesi .  He 
married  (1669)  Margaret  Fell,  a  widow  of  much 
intelligence,  who  aided  him  greatly  in  founding 
his  sect.  (An  edition  of  his  works  was  pub- 
lished in  1851  in  Philadelphia.) 

William  Penn,  the  Quaker,  was  born  in  Lon- 
don, England,  October  14,  1641,  and  died  at 
Ruscombe.  I5erks,  England,  July  30,  1718.  He 
was  an  English  Friend  and  the  founder  of 
"Pennsylvania."  His  father  was  Admiral  Sir 
Wm.  Penn.  He  was  educated  at  Oxford  Col- 
lege, became  a  preacher  of  the  Friends  in  1668, 
a  year  before  the  organization  of  the  society 
was  completed  by  Geo.  Fox,  the  leader,  and 
was  several  times  arrested  under  the  Conven- 
ticle Act.  He  became  one  of  the  trustees  of 
West  Jersey  in  1676,  received  the  grant  of 
Pennsylvania  in  1680-1,  went  to  America  1682, 
founded  Philadelphia  and  made  a  treaty  with 
the  Indians.  He  returned  to  England  in  1684, 
but   visited  Pennsylvania   again   in   1691-1701. 


He  wrote  various  religious  and  controverlal 
works  that"  appeared  in  1726. 

Quean  Elizabeth,  of  England,  1558-1603,  was 

the  daughter  of  Henry  VIII  and  Anne  Boleyn, 
and  was  born  at  Greenwich,  near -London,  Sept. 
7,  1533 ;  died  March  24,  1603.  She  was  brought 
up  a  Protestant,  repealed  the  Roman  Catholic 
legislation  of  the  previous  reign,  and  complet- 
ed the  establishment  of  the  Anglican  Church. 
She  signed  the  death  warrant  of  Mary,  Queen 
cf  Scots,  in  1587,  who,  expelled  from  Scotland 
by  a  rebellicn,  took  refuge  in  England  and  wcs 
involved  in  a  conspiracy  against  Queen  Eliz- 
abeth. It  was  in  1588  that  her  Admiral  How- 
ard defeated  the  Spanish  Armada  in  the  Brit- 
ish Channel  and  prevented  the  invasion  of 
England.  Her  reign  was  one  of  commercial 
cnterprico  and  intellectual  activity,  and  was 
made  illustrious  by  Shakespeare,  Sidney,  Spen- 
cer, Bacon  and  Ben  Jonson. 

John  Dudley— Earl  of  Warwick  and  Duke 
of  Northumberland,  was  born  1502  and  behead- 
ed for  treason  August  22,  1553.  He  was  an 
English  politician  and  soldier;  he  persuaded 
Edward  VI  to  exclude  Edward's  sisters,  Mary 
and  Elizabeth,  from  the  succession,  and  ap- 
point Edward's  cousin.  Lady  Jane  Gray,  heir 
presumptive  to  the  throne,  and  married  her  to 
Dudley's  son,  Guilford  Dudley.  At  the  death 
of  Edward,  however,  he  was  unal)le  to  prevei^t 
the  succession  of  Mary  to  the  throne,  and  was 
belieaded  for  treason. 

Page  15 

Gabriel  Goodman— Dean  of  Westminster 
(1528-ieoi),  was  a  native  of  Ruthin,  N.  Wales 

and  was  one  of  the  eight  leading  Welsh  ti'ans- 
lators  of  the  Scriptures,  who  did  so  much  for 
the  literary,  religious  and  educational  revival 
in  the  time  cf  Queen  Elizabeth,  and  to  preserve 
the  classical  Welsh  language  that  might  other- 
wise have  been  corrupted  and  lost  as  the  Cor- 
nish tongue  perished  in  the  17th  century.  Their 
translations  issued  in  1567,  1588  and  1620,  and 
•^vere  pi'inted  in  Loudon. 


GLOSSARY 


Page  16— 

Beaufort,  North  Carolina,  is  a  seaport  aud 
was  formerly  the  capital  of  North  Carolina.  It 
is  situated  on  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean 
in  latitude  32°  43'  N.,  Long-.  76°  40'  W.  It 
has  a  good  harbor  and  is  one  of  the  places 
where  my  great  gandfather,  Robert  Williams, 
had  a  trading  store,  in  1765  and  later.  He  also 
had  a  store  at  Newbem. 

Page  19— 

Newbem — county  seat  of  Craven  County, 
N.  C,  at  the  junction  of  the  Trent  and 
Neuse  Elvers,  in  lat.  35°  6'  N.,  long.  77°  2'  E. 
It  has  a  large  coasting  trade  in  vegetables  and 
naval  stores.  It  has  a  population  of  10,000. 
It  was  here,  in  ilareh,  1862,  that  ths  Union 
forces  inider  Gen.  Burnsides  defeated  the  Con- 
federates. 

My  gxeat  grandfather,  Robert  Williams,  had 
a  trading-  store  here,  and  also  in  Beaufort. 

Page  32— 

Salt — by  the  sirap'.est  method,  i.s  extract .'d 
from  sea  water  by  evaporation,  either  by  the 
heat  of  the  sun  upon  shallow  pans  of  salt  wat'jr. 
or  by  heating  salt  water  in  kettles  till  it  cva]!- 
orates. 

Michigan,  \cw  York  and  Ohio  are  the  stati's 
that  lead  in  the  production  of  salt  f r  tm  the 
salina  formation,  the  Lower  Carbonifei  ous,  and 
as  rock  salt  or  massive  suit.  The  production  of 
salt  iu  the  United  States  has  increased  veiy 
rapidly.  Thus  in  1881  salt  production  was  val- 
ued at  .$4,200,000:  ten  yeai's  later,  $6,000,000, 
and  in  1914.  .$10,270,000. 

Page  61— 

Dionysius,  the  Tyrant  of  Syracuse  -sm- 
named  "The  Elder,"  was  born  al)out  430  15.  C, 
and  died  at  Syracuse  367  B.  ('. 

He  conti-ived  in  405  B.  C.  to  have  himself 
appointed  sole  genei-al  of  the  foi'ces  of  the  Re- 
public of  Syi-acuse  (a  city  on  the  Island  of  O  - 


tygia,  on  the  eastern  coast  of  Sicily,  founded 
735  B.  C.  by  Corinthian  colonists),  then  sur- 
rounded himself  by  mercenaries  as  a  body- 
guard, usurped  the  government,  strengthened 
his  position  by  marrying  the  daughter  of  the 
deceased  party  leader,  Hermocrates,  and  made 
peace  with  Carthage  in  404.  Three  years  later 
he  declared  war  against  Carthage,  and  Syra- 
cuse was  besieged  by  the  Carthaginians  for 
eleven  months,  but  tinally  a  sortie  of  the  Syra- 
cusans,  assisted  by  pestilence,  caused  the  siege 
to  be  abandoned,  and  four  years  later  (392  B. 
C.)  Dionysius  concluded  an  advantageous 
peace. 

By  the  capture  of  Rhcgium  in  387  and  Ci'O- 
ton  in  379,  Dionysius  attained  a  conunanding 
position  among  the  Italian  Greeks,  and  his 
powei'  and  intluence  exceeded  those  of  any 
other  Greek  before  Alexander  the  Great.  It 
was  dui-ing  his  I'ule  that  Pythias  was  con- 
dcnrned  to  die  for  iihittiug  against  the  life  of 
the  tyrant  and  Damon  olfei'ed  himself  as  a 
hostage  for  the  icturn  cf  Pythias  after  settling 
liis  affairs,  and  nearly  suffered  death  for  his 
friend  on  account  of  Pythias  being  delayed. 
But  Pythias  arrived  at  the  last  moment,  and 
Dionysius  being  struck  by  the  willingness  of 
each  to  die  for  the  othei',  pardoned  Pythias 
and  begged  to  be  admitted  to  such  fellowship 

Po.ge  64— 

Dinnant  means  '•foititied  brook."  it  is  a 
Welsli  name  given  his  estate  in  Carteret  County, 
N.  ('.,  by  Robert  Williams,  my  great  grand- 
fathei',  because  of  the  dam  he  built  across 
Black  Creek  for  his  gi'ist  mill  and  saw  mill. 

Page  7S— 
Jay's  Treaty — see  Benjamin  Franklin,  p.  272. 

Jolin  Jay — an  American  statesman  and  jui'- 
ist,  was  boi-n  at  New  York  December  12,  1745, 
and  died  at  Bedford,  N.  Y.,  May  17,  1829.  He 
was  delegate  to  Congress  from  New  York  1744- 
77  and  1778-79,  and  drew  up  the  Constitution 
of  New  York  in  1777.  He  was  U.  S.  minister 
to  Spain,  1780-82 ;  Peace  Commissioner  at  Paris, 
1782-83  ;  Secretaiy  for  Foreign  Affairs,  1784-89  ; 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


first  Justice  of  the  U.  S.  Supreme  Court,  1789- 
95 ;  special  minister  to  Great  Britain,  1794-95, 
and  Governor  of  New  York,  1795-1801. 

Non  est  inventis — it  has  not  been  found. 

Page  80— 

"The  gray  mare  is  the  better  horse."  This 
proverb  indicates  that  the  wife  is  the  ruler  cf 
the  house.  It  appears  in  "Pryds  and  Abuse 
of  Women, ' '  1550,  by  John  Haywood,  who  pub- 
lished in  1546  the  earliest  collection  of  English 
colloqiiial  sayings. 

Lord  Maeauley  (History  of  England,  Vol.  1, 
Chap.  Ill)  thinks  that  this  proverb  originated 
in  the  preference  generally  given  to  the  gray 
mares  of  Flanders  over  the  finest  coach  hors;s 
of  England.  Bxit  Maeauley  is  writing  of  the 
latter  half  of  the  17th  century,  while  the  pro- 
verb was  used  a  century  earlier. 

Page  85— 

Francois  Fourier — a  noted  French  Sociali;-:t, 
was  born  in  France  April  7,  1772,  and  died  in 
Paris  October  10,  1837.  He  advocated  a  co- 
operative social  system,  contemplating  the  or- 
ganizing of  society  into  associations — each 
large  enough  for  all  industiial  and  social  re- 
quirements, arranged  in  groups  according  to 
occupations,  capacities  and  attractions  and  liv- 
ing in  common  dwellings.  This  system  is  known 
as  "Fourierism. " 

Page  93— 

Simon  Bernard,  born  at  Dole,  Prance,  April 
28,  1779,  and  died  November  5,  1839.  A  French 
General  and  Engineer  in  the  service  of  Na- 
poleon I,  and  1816-31  of  the  United  States.  The 
chief  work  executed  by  him  during  the  15 
years  he  was  in  the  service  of  this  country 
was  the  construction  of  Fortress  Monroe.  He 
had  a  part  in  other  important  engineering 
works,  notably  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal, 
and  the  Delaware  Breakwater. 

Page  104^ 

Initiative — the  ability  to  originate  or  begin 
action  on  an  idea  or  measure.    This  is  an  essen- 


tial characteristic  of  a  leader;  and  another  is 
the  ability  to  choose  capable  agents  to  carry 
out  his  plans.     Andrew  Carnegie  had  both. 

An  originator  is  the  bravest  man  of  the  uni- 
verse. Extol  him  to  the  skies  with  all  the  bles- 
sings and  praise  which  the  English  language 
can  bestow  upon  him. 

THE  ORIGINATOR 

Out  of  the  sheltered  fold, 

Through  the  dim  pathless  wold, 
Seeking  a  star  for  his  chariot's  steed — 

Hail   the   originator ! 

Peerless  investigator — 
Blazing  a  jjath  for  Humanity's  need. 

What  though  the  timid  say, 
"Wait !  that  is  not  the  way!" 

Heedless,  he  keeps  the  course  he  has  outlined. 
Searching  with  tireless  brain 
New  ways  by  which  to  gain 

That  which  he  visioned,  and  set  out  to  find. 

Then  when  the  struggle's  o'er, 
On  heights  ne'er  reached  before 

Stands  the  bold  Captain  of  In:lustry"s  host; 

While  from  the  level  plain, 

■  List  to  the  loud  acclaim — 

Praising  him  now  he  ha'i  made  good  his  lioast. 

Page  117— 

Hannibal,  Ohio,  was  first  called  BaresvIUe. 

It  is  in  Monroe  County  and  was  the  place  my 
family  moved  to  v.-hen  I  was  6  years  old  and 
which  we  left  to  return  to  Btlmont  County, 
Ohio.  It  is  36  miles  below  Wheeling,  W.  Ya., 
and  now  has  a  population  of  about  700. 

Page  153— 

Bagasse  (Ea-gas)  is  a  French  term  applied 
to  the  refuse  from  sugar  cane  after  it  has  been 
crushed  and  the  juice  extracted.  It  is  used  as 
fuel  for  heating  the  boilers  and  pans  in  the 
sugar  manufactory  and  sometimes  as  manure, 
or  fertilizer.  It  is  also  called  Bagazo,  Megass 
and  Megasse.  Mark  Twain  in  "Life  on  the 
Mississippi"  tells   of  the   practice   of  forming 


GLOSSARY 


Bagasse  into  great  piles  and  burning  them. 
Recently  bagasse  has  been  made  into  board  for 
lining  houses. 

Page  164— 

Kaw  Indians — also  known  as  Kans;i  and 
Konza.  Their  own  name  is  Kanze,  Iniving  ref- 
erence to  the  wind.  They  are  a  tribe  of  the 
Dhegiha  division  of  the  Siouan  stock  of  the 
North  American  Indians,  and  gave  their  name 
to  the  State  of  Kansas  and  to  the  Kansas  River. 

Page  169— 

Epizootic,  relating  to  an  infectious  and  often 
fatal  disease  among  animals,  causing  an  offen- 
sive discharge  fi'om  the  nose  and  a  freciuer.t 
eongh. 

M.  F.  Williams,  the  author  of  thi;  histoiy, 
passed  through  the  Epizootic  in  St.  Louis,  Mis- 
souri, and  faii-ly  well  descrilied  same  b.v  a  pic- 
ture of  Union  Market  and  oxen  attached  to 
vehicle's — no  horses  or  mules  being  shown,  but 
men  being  shown  hitched  to  wagons,  some  of 
which  men  were  truly  jack-asses. 


Page  136— 

Morpheus  (mor'-fus). 
poets  he  is  referred  to  ;i 
the  son  of  Sleep. 


II   the    later  Roman 
god  of  dreams  and 


Page  210— 

Sir  Richard  Whittington— Lord  Mayor  of 
London,  was  born  about  V-i.'iS  and  died  March, 
14'2;j.  In  1393  he  was  Alderman  and  Sheriff 
of  London,  and  was  three  times  chosen  Mayor 
of  London,  in  ]3!)7,  l-iOG  and  1419.  In  1416 
he  was  elected  member  of  Parliament  for  Lon- 
don. The  story  of  the  aid  given  him  by  his 
cat  is  a  nursery  tale,  and  has  no  foundation 
in  fact. 

Page  218- 

Cyrus  Hall  McCormick— American  inventor 
and  mauufactui-ei',  was  boi'n  in  Virginia  in 
1809  and  died  in  Chicago,  May  13,  1884.  He 
removed  to  Cincinnati  in  1845,  and  to  Chicago 
in  1847.     He  is  widely  known  as  a   manufac- 


turer of  an  improved  reaping  machine  that 
he  invented  in  1831,  and  patented  with  further 
improvements  that  brought  him  great  wealth. 
He  contributed  liberally  in  1859  to  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  Presbyterian  Theological  Sem- 
inary of  the  Northwest,  in  Chicago,  later  called 
McCormick  Seminary,  and  also  endowed  a 
chair  in  AVashington  and  Lee  University,  Vir- 
ginia. 

Page  219— 

John  Ericsson— a  famous  Swcdish-Amei'ican 
engineer  and  inventor,  boi'u  in  tlu'  Parish  of 
Fernebo.  Werndaiul,  Sweden.  July  31.  1S03; 
died  at  New  York  Maj'ch  8,  1889.  He  went  to 
England  in  1826,  and  to  the  United  States  in 
1839.  He  eonsti'ucted  the  caloric  engine  in 
1833;  applied  the  screw  to  navigation  in  1836- 
41,  anil  invented  the  turi'etcd  ironclad  Mon- 
itor 18H2.  His  later  inventions  include  a  solar 
engine   and   the   tcn-jiedo-boat   destro.ver. 

Page  222— 

Guglielmo  Marconi — an  Italian  electrician,  is 
noted  as  the  perfeetor  of  a  system  of  wireless 
telegraphy.  He  was  born  in  Bologna,  Italy, 
April  25,  1874.  His  experinunit  in  wireless 
telegraphy  began  in  1895,  and  in  March,  1899, 
he  sent  messages  across  the  English  Channel; 
since  then  hr  has  gi'eatly  imiu'oved  his  system. 
Just  recently  his  instruments  have  i)i(d\ed  n]> 
messages  of  extraordinary  wave  length  that  he 
believes  came  from  Mars. 

Page  244— 

"The  melancholy  days  are  come,  the  saddest 
of  the  year. 

Of  wailing  winds  and  naked  woods  and  mead- 
ows brown  and  sear." 


luotation    is    from    "The 
b,y  William  Cullen  Bry- 


This    well-known 
Death  of  the  Flower; 
ant    (1794-1878). 

Page  271— 

William  McKinley — an  American  statesman 
and  one  of  oni-  martyi'ed  pi'esidents,  was  born 
at  Niles,  0.,  January  29,  1843,  and  died  at  Buf- 


THE    WILLIAMS    HIS  I  OK  V 


falo,  N.  Y.,  September  14,  1901,  from  the  bullet 
of  an  anarchist,  Louis  Czolgosz,  who  shot  him 
September  6,  1901,  while  attending  the  Pan- 
American  Exposition  at  Buffalo.  He  served  in 
the  Civil  War  as  Major,  was  attorney  of  Stark 
County,  0.,  for  two  years,  Kepubliean  Member 
of  Congress,  1877-91,  was  elected  Governor  of 
Ohio  in  1891  and  1893,  and  was  elected  Presi- 
dent in  1896  and  again  in  1900. 

Page  272— 

Andrew  Cajnegie — a  Scotch-American  steel 
manufacturer  and  philanthropist,  born  at  Dun- 
fermline, Scotland,  November  25,  1835.  His 
father  was  a  weaver.  In  1848  he  came  to 
America,  went  to  Pittsburg,  acquired  wealth 
by  various  speculative  operations,  and  estab- 
lished iron  and  steel  works  which  have  become 
the  largest  in  the  world.  He  has  given  large 
sums  for  libraries,  etc.  He  has  also  written 
several  books:  "Around  the  World,"  'Traim- 
phant  Democracy,"  and  his  "IMemoirs."  being 
especially  interesting.  In  1904  he  founded  the 
Carnegie  Hero  Fund  of  $5,000,000 ;  in  1906,  the 
Carnegie  Foundation  for  the  Advancement  of 
Teaching  was  incorporated  for  $16,125,000,  and 
the  Carnegie  Institute  of  Washington  endowed 
with  $22,000,000;  Libraries  $55,000,000,  and 
others,  amoimting  to  $350,000,000.  He  died 
August  11,  1919,  at  Lenox,  Mass.,  aged  84,  and 
was  bni'ied  in  Tan-ytown,   N.  Y. 

Gen.  George  Washington — Father  of  his 
country,  a  famous  Amci-ican  soldier  and  states- 
man, and  the  first  President  of  the  U,  S.,  was 
born  February  22,  1732,  in  Westmoreland 
Count.y,  Virginia,  and  died  December  14,  1799, 
at  Mount  Vernon,  Va.  He  was  the  so'i  of 
Augustine  Washington,  a  Virginian  planter. 
He  attended  school  till  16,  then  wf  s  a  surveyor 
for  three  years ;  was  aide-de-camp  to  Gen.  Brad- 
dock  in  the  Battle  of  the  Monongahela,  1755; 
commanded  on  the  frontier,  1755-57 ;  was  ap- 
pointed Commander-in-Chief  of  the  Continental 
forces  June  15,  1775 ;  compelled  the  evacuation 
of  Boston  March  17,  1776;  surprised  the  Hes- 
sians at  Trenton,  N.  J.,  December  26,  1777 ; 
compelled  the  sui-render  of  Cornwallis  at  York- 
town  in  1781 ;  presided  at  the  Constitutional 
<^'onvention    1787;    was    unanimouslv    elected 


President  of  the  U.  S.  in  February,  1789,  and 
inaugurated  April  30,  1789;  was  unanimously 
re-elected  in  1793  and  served  till  1797. 

He  married  Martha  Custis,  widow  of  Daniel 
Parke  Custis,  January  6,  1759,  and  adopted  the 
younger  two  of  her  four  children :  he  had  r.o 
children  by  her. 

Gen.  Ulysses  S.  Grant — a  celebrated  Ameri- 
can General,  eighteenth  President  of  the  U.  S., 

was  boi-n  at  Point  Pleasant,  Clermont  County, 
0.,  April  27,  1822,  and  died  at  Mount  McGregor, 
near  Saratoga,  N.  Y.,  July  23,  1885.  He  grad- 
uated at  West  Point  Military  Academy  in  1843, 
served  thi'ough  the  Mexican  War,  1846-48 ;  left 
the  Ai'my  in  1854  and  settled  at  St.  Louis,  and 
Galena,  111.,  in  1860.  He  entered  Civil  W^ar  as 
Colonel,  June  17,  1861 ;  was  appointed  Briga- 
dier-General, August  7,  1861 ;  Major-General 
of  Volunteers  in  1862,  and  Commander  of  all 
the  Union  Armies  March  12,  1864;  received 
Lee's  surrender  at  Appomattox  Courthouse 
April  9,  1865,  practically  ending  the  war.  He 
Kerved  two  terms  as  President,  1869-1877  ;  made 
a  toui-  of  the  world,  1877-79,  and  was  made 
General  on  the  retired  list,  March  3,  1885. 

He  wrote  two  volumes  of  "Memoirs"  (1885- 

86). 

Theodore  Roosevelt — an  American  author, 
statesman  and  the  2eth  President  of  the  U.  S., 
was  born  at  New  York,  Octobei-  27,  1858;  died 
at  Sagamore  Hill,  N.  Y.,  January  6,  1919.  He 
was  Republican  New  York  State  Assemblyman, 
1882-84 ;  U.  S.  Civil  Service  Commissioner,  1889- 
95 ;  President  of  the  New  York  Board  of  Police 
Commissioners,  1895-97 ;  Assistant  Secretarj^  of 
Navy,  1897-98;  as  Lieutenant-Colonel  led  his 
"Rough  Riders"  at  San  Juan,  Cuba,  July  1, 
1898 ;  was  elected  Governor  of  New  York,  No- 
vember, 1898,  and  Vice  President,  1900;  be- 
came President,  September  14.  1901,  on  the 
death  of  President  McKinle.v,  and  was  elected 
President  in  1904.  Refusing  renomination,  he 
favored  the  nomination  of  William  Howard 
Taft  as  President,  and  a  few  weeks  after  Taft's 
inauguration  he  started  on  a  hunting  trip  to 
East  Afi'ica.  In  1912  he  yielded  to  the  pressure 
of  his  friends,  headed  the  "Progressive  Pai'ty" 


GLOSSARY 


as  nominee  for  President  in  a  tliree-eoniered 
contest  with  Taft  and  Wilson,  and  though  de- 
feated, obtained  80  electoral  votes  and  a  pop- 
ular vote  of  4,000,000. 

In  October,  1913,  Ro.itevelt  sailed  for  South 
America  to  explore  a  virtually  unknown  por- 
tion of  the  Brazilian  wilderness.  The  expedi- 
tion suffered  many  hardships  and  Roosevelt 
nearly  died  from  fever.  He  returned  home  in 
May,  1914,  and  refused  to  run  for  the  Presi- 
dency in  1916,  as  the  candidate  of  the  ''Pro- 
gressive Party,"  in  ord^r  to  assist  the  Repub- 
lican nominee,  Charles  E.  Hughes,  but  Presi- 
dent Wilson  was  re-elected.  On  the  declara- 
tion of  war  with  Germany,  Roosevelt  off e  el 
to  raise  and  lead  a  division  of  volunteers,  but 
though  Congress  authorized  its  organization. 
President  Wilson  was  opposed  to  the  plan. 
The  four  sons  of  Roosevelt  entered  the  Army, 
all  served  with  distinction,  two  wei-e  wounded 
and  cue  was  killed.  He  vigorousl.v  denounced 
the  appeal  of  Pi-esident  Wilson,  October,  1918, 
to  the  people  to  elect  a  Denioci-atic  Congi-esi, 
and  the  result  of  the  election,  b.v  whic'.i  the 
Democratic  majorities  of  10  in  the  Senate  and  5 
in  the  House  were  changed  to  Republican  ma- 
jorities of  2  in  the  Senate  and  45  in  the  House, 
was  a.  solace  to  him  during  the  remaining  two 
months  of  his  life.  Weakened  by  the  South 
American  illness  his  health  hid  gradually  failed 
during  the  four  busy  years  just  passed,  and  in 
the  cai-ly  morning  of  Jainiary  6,  1919.  he  dii'd 
<|uietly  in  his  sleep. 

Jean  Louis  Rodolph  Agassiz— a  celebrated 
Swiss-Amei-iean  natui'alist,  born  in  Switzerland 
May  28,  1897;  died  at  Cambridge,  Mass.,  De- 
cembei-  14,  1S73.  He  was  professor  of  Natural 
History  at  Neuchatel  in  1832;  Professor  cf  Zo- 
ology and  Geology  at  Harvard  College,  1847 ; 
traveled  in  the  U.  S.,  in  Brazil  and  around 
Cape  Horn,  and  was  Curatoi'  of  the  Muse-m  of 
Comparative  Zoology  at  Cambi-idge,  Mass.,  in 
1859.  He  oi-ganized  and  sccnrrd  endowment 
for  a  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology  at  Har- 
vard tiiat  attracted  a  group  of  young  men  who 
were  to  become  the  foi'emost  American  biolo- 
gists. He  also  effected  the  founding  of  an  out 
door  sunnner  school   of  zoology  on  the  island 


of  Penikese,  Buzzard's  Bay,  in  1873,  just  be- 
fore his  death  in  December. 

Martin  Luther — a  (ierman  reformer  and 
translator  of  the  Bible,  was  born  at  Eisleben, 
Prussian  Saxony,  November  10,  1483,  and  died 
there  February  18,  1546.  He  took  up  the  study 
of  jurisprudence  at  the  University  of  Erfurt, 
but  when  22  years  of  age,  against  the  wishes  of 
his  family,  he  determined  to  become  a  monk, 
and  after  two  years  in  a  monastery  was  conse- 
crated a  pri<st  in  1507.  In  1510  he  Avent  ti 
Rome  and  in  1512  he  was  made  a  doctor  of 
theology.  Five  years  later  his  first  important 
action  for  the  I'cform  of  the  pi'iesthood  was  his 
nailing-  to  the  church  door  at  Wittenberg,  nine- 
ty-five theses  opposing  the  sale  of  indulgences 
by  Tetzel,  a  Dominican  priest.  His  writings 
wei-e  condemned  as  heretical,  he  was  summoned 
to  Rome,  but  he  still  continued  h's  efforts.  In 
1520  he  and  his  followers  were  excommunicated 
by  Leo  X.  In  Api-il,  1521,  he  defended  his 
course  before  ('harlcs  ^^  ending  with  the 
words:  "There  take  I  my  stand.  I  can  do 
naught  else.  So  help  me,  God.  Amen."  Be- 
ing proscribed  by  the  Eniperoi',  he  was  hidden 
for  two  yeai's  by  a  frieud,  during  which  he 
translated  the  New  Testament  into  the  lan- 
guage of  the  connnon  people;  and  later  (1532) 
translated  the  Old  Testament  and  Psalms  also. 
In  1524  he  laid  aside  his  cowl  aiid  a  year  late? 
he  mari-ied  Katharine  von  Boi'a,  a  nun,  who 
had  renounced  lier  vows  and  left  the  convent. 
Besides  prose,  he  wrote  many  sacicd  hymns, 
the  most  celebrated  lieing-  "Ein  feste  Bu^g  ist 
unser  Gott,"  in  1527;  the  melody  also  is  said 
to  have  been  composed  by  him.  His  P>ible  ti'aiis- 
latiou  permanently  established  the  litei-ary  lan- 
guage of  Germany,  and  his  effoits  to  obtain 
a  higher  spiritiial  ami  bodily  life  among  the 
monks  and  the  people  ai'e  yet  bearing  fi'uit 
today. 

Queen  Victoria — of  England,  etc.,  was  born 
at  London  ]\lay  24,  1819,  and  died  at  Osborne 
House,  Isle  of  Wight,  January  22,  1901.  She 
was  the  only  child  of  the  Duke  of  Kent,  fourth 
son  of  George  III.  On  the  death  of  William 
IV,  the  third  son  of  George  III,  June  20,  1837, 
she  became  Queen  and  was  crowned  June  28, 
1838,  when  in  he?'  20th  year.    On  February  10, 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


1840,  she  married  Albert  Prince  of  Saxe-Co- 
burg'-Gotha;  he  died  December  14,  1861,  and  a 
magnificent  mausoleum  Avas  built  b.y  the  Queen 
at  Frogmore.  The  jubilee  (50)  years  of  her 
reign  was  celebrated  in  1£87,  and  the  diamond 
jubilee  (60  years)  in  1897.  She  died  January 
22,  1801.  after  a  reign  of  nearly  64  years. 

Queen  Victoi'ia  was  a  ruler  of  a  new  type. 
When  she  ascended  the  throne  the  popular 
faith  in  Kings  and  Queens  was  on  the  decline. 
She  revived  that  faith ;  she  consolidated  her 
throne,  captivated  the  affections  of  the  multi- 
tude yet  won  the  respect  of  thoughtful  men. 
John  Bright  said  that  her  absolute  truthful- 
ness was  lici'  distinguishing  characteristic. 

Booker  Taliaferro  Washing-ton — Afro-Amer- 
ican educator,  author  and  lecturer,  born  a  slave 
near  Hale's  Ford,  Ya.,  about  1858,  and  died  No- 
vember 14,  1915.  He  worked  his  way  through 
Hampton  Institute,  and  after  teaching  and 
studyiiu;  IHr  scvei'iil  years,  founded  Tuskeg'ee 
Institute,  Alabama,  in  1881,  for  the  purpose  of 
educating  negroes  and  ti'aining  them  to  edu- 
cate their  own  race.  It  has  1700  stfedents.  an 
endowment  fund  of  $1,400,000,  with  an  annual 
income  of  $300,000.  His  books  include  "The 
Future  of  the  American  Negro"  (1899),  "Sow- 
ing and  Reaping"  (1900),  "Up  from  Slavery," 
an  autobiography  (1900),  "Character  Build- 
ing" (1902),  "Life  of  Frederick  Douglas" 
(1906),  "The  Story  of  the  Negro"  (1909),  etc. 

Abraham  Lincoln  "The  Man  for  the  Ages," 
sixteenth  President  of  the  U.  S.,  bom  in  Hardin 
County,  Ky.,  February  12,  1809 ;  shot  by  John 
Wilkes  Booth  at  Ford's  Theater,  Washington, 
D.  C,  April  14,  1865,  and  died  the  next  day. 
He  was  descended  from  a  Quaker  family  of 
English  origin,  residing  in  Bei'ks  County,  Pa. 
His  grandfather  emigrated  from  Virginia  to 
Kentucky  about  1780.  His  father,  Thomas  Lin- 
«oln,  settled  in  Indiana  in  1816,  and  Illinois  in 
1830.  His  mother  was  Nancy  Hanks  Lincoln, 
first  wife  of  Thomas.  He  was  a  laborer,  sales- 
man, merchant,  surveyor,  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1836,  and  began  the  practice  of  law  in 
Springfield,  HI,  In  1858,  as  Republican  candi- 
date for  U.  S.  Senator,  he  took  a  pronounced 
stand  against  slaveiy  in  a  series  of  joint  dis- 


cussions AA-ith  Stephen  A.  Douglas,  the  Demo- 
cratic candidate,  and  in  1860  was  nominated, 
elected  and  inaugurated  March  4,  1861.  This 
was  the  signal  for  secession  and  Fort  Sumter, 
S.  C,  Avas  fired  on  April  12,  1861,  and  the  Civil 
War  began.  He  issued  his  Emancipation  Proc- 
lamation January  1,  1863.  He  was  re-elected 
in  1864  and  began  his  second  term  March  4, 
1865,  He  entered  Richmond,  Va.,  with  the 
Federal  Arm.y,  April  4,  1865.  ten  days  before 
he  was  assassinated. 

George  Dewey — an  Amei-ican  Admiral,  was 
born  at  Montpeliei-,  Vt.,  December  26,  1837, 
and  died  at  Washington,  D.  C,  January  16, 
1917,  He  graduated  from  the  U.  S.  Naval 
Academy  in  1858 ;  served  under  Farragut  on 
the  Mississippi  River  in  1862 ;  took  part  in  the 
attack  on  Fort  Fisher,  1864-65;  was  promoted 
successively,  Lieutenant-Commander  (1865), 
Commander  (1872),  Captain  (1884),  Commo- 
dore (1896),  Rear-Admiral  (1898),  and  Ad- 
miral (1899),  by  special  act  of  Congi-ess.  His 
most  notable  exploit  was  the  destruction  of  the 
Spanish  fleet  off  Cavite,  in  the  Bay  of  Manila, 
May  1,  1898,  which  was  followed  by  the  cap- 
ture of  Manila  by  Gen.  Merritt,  aided  by  Dew- 
ey's fieet,  August  13,  1898.  He  became  a  pop- 
ular hero,  and  a  house  at  Washington,  D.  C, 
was  bought  by  popular  subscription  and  pre- 
sented to  him.  in  1014  he  published  his  auto- 
biography. 

Christopher  Columbus — the  discoverer  of 
America,  was  boi-n  about  1446  at  Genoa,  Italy, 
and  died  at  Valladolid,  Spain,  May  21  (0.  S.), 
1506.  He  was  fairly  well  educated  and  early 
began  to  follow  the  sea.  He  sought  the  backing 
of  the  Portuguese  King  for  an  exploring  expe- 
dition M-estward  to  Asia,  then  of  the  Kings  of 
Spain,  England  and  France,  until  finaUy  suc- 
cessful in  interesting  Ferdinand  and  Isabella, 
King  and  Queen  of  Spain,  and  left  Palos,  Au- 
gust 3,  1492,  with  three  small  vessels :  the  Santa 
Maria,  the  Nina  and  the  Pinta.  On  October  22. 
1492  (N.  S),  he  discovered  San  Salvador,  one 
of  the  Bahama  Islands;  then  sailing  on,  he  dis- 
covered various  other  islands  and  coasted  along 
the  northern  coast  of  Cuba  to  Haiti,  where  the 
Santa  Maria  was  wrecked.  He  started  to  re- 
turn to  Spain  in  January,  1493,  in  the  Nina,  and 


arrived  again  at  Palos, Spain,  three  months  later. 
He  left  Palos  on  a  second  voyage  with  17  ves- 
sels and  1500  men,  September  25,  1-193,  and 
discovered  Dominica,  several  of  the  Caribbee 
Islands  and  Porto  Rico,  and  sailed  along  the 
south  coast  of  Cuba,  which  he  thought  was  a 
peninsula  of  Asia.  He  discovered  Jamaica  and 
then  returned  to  Spain  Septenilier  29,  1494. 
His  third  voyage  (May  30,  149S i  f  ok  him  fur- 
ther south  and  he  discovered  Trinidad  July  31, 
1498,  and  the  next  day  the  lowlands  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Orinoco  River,  which  was  prob- 
ably the  first  discovery  of  South  America.  The 
royal  commissioner,  Francisco  de  Bobadilla,  ar- 
rived at  Santo  Domingo  in  August,  1500,  de- 
posed Columbus  and  sent  him  back  to  Spain. 
On  his  fourth  voyage  he  left  Spain  May  2,  1502. 
with  four  caravels,  touched  at  Santo  Domingo, 
then  westwai-d  to  Central  America,  discovering- 
Honduras  and  sailed  along  the  coast  to  the  Isth- 
mus of  Panama,  seeking  a  passage  westward. 
He  returned  to  Jamaica  in  1503,  where  he  re- 
mained till  June,  1504.  as  his  vessels  were  not 
seaworthy,  till  vessels  took  him  back  to  Spain, 
which  he  reached  Novembei-  7,  1504.  Queen 
Isabella  died  soon  aftci'.  and  in  hci-  Columbus 
lost  his  best  friend,  and  was  imt  aMc  to  obtain 
reinstatement.  He  died  two  years  later  in  pov- 
erty and  neglect,  in  the  liclief  that  tlic  regions 
he  had  discovoi'cd  wei-e  imrtinns  of  Asia. 

Thomas  Jefferson — third  President  of  the  U. 
S.,  Avas  born  April  13  (X.  S.),  1743,  at  Shad- 
well,  Albemaile  County,  Va..  ami  died  July  4, 
1826,  at  Monticelln,  Va.  He  drafted  the  Decla- 
ration of  Independence,  1776;  was  ffovernor 
of  Virginia.  1779-Sl ;  :\Ieml)er  of  Congress.  1783- 
84:  U.  S.  Mini.ster  to  France,  1785-89;  Secre- 
tary of  State,  1790-93;  Vice-President  with 
John  Adams  as  President,  1797-1801,  and  was 
President  for  two  terms.  1801-1809.  The  war 
with  Tripoli,  the  Louisiana  Puirhase,  the  reduc- 
tion of  the  national  debt,  the  exploration  of 
the  West  and  the  Embargo  Aven-  the  chief 
events  of  his  administrations. 

Benjamin  Franklin— a  celebratecl  Amei'ican 
philosopher,  diplomatist,  statesman  and  author, 
born  at  Bo.ston,  Mass.,  in  1706:  died  in  Phila- 
delphia in  1790.  He  acted  as  colonial  agent  for 
Pennsylvania,  was  one  of  the  committee  of  five 


chosen  by  Congress  in  1776  to  draw  up  a  Decla- 
ration of  Independence,  was  Ambassador  to 
Court  of  France,  1776-8,  and  drew  up  the  treaty 
by  which  France  recognized  the  independence 
of  America.  He  led  the  negotiations  for  peace, 
and  with  Jay  and  Adams,  concluded  the  treaty 
of  Paris  with  England,  September  3,  1783.  He 
was  Governor  of  Pennsylvania  three  years  and 
delegate  to  the  Constitutional  Convention  in 
1787^. 

Wm.  Penn — see  page  14. 

Daniel  Webster — a  famous  American  states- 
man, orator  and  lawyer,  was  born  January  IS, 
1782,  at  Salisbury,  N.  H.,  and  died  October  24, 
1852,  at  Marshfield,  Mass.,  He  studied  at  Ex- 
eter Academy,  N.  H. ;  graduated  at  Dart- 
mouth College,  1801 ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
at  Boston,  1805 :  was  Member  of  CongTess  from 
N.  H.,  1813-17,  and  after  removal  to  Boston 
represented  Mass.,  1823-27,  and  as  Senator, 
1827-41.  His  constitutional  speeches  in  reply 
to  Ha.vue  in  1830,  and  in  opposition  to  Calhoun 
in  1833,  made  him  famous  as  an  orator.  He  was 
Secretary  of  State,  1841-43,  and  n(>t>otiated  the 
Ashburton  Treaty  with  England  in  1842,  by 
which  the  northern  boundary  of  !Maine  was 
established,  and  provisions  were  made  for  the 
suppi'ession  of  the  slave  trade  and  the  mutual 
extradition  of  fugitives  from  justice.  He  was 
U.  S.  Senator  from  Mass..  1845-50,  and  Secre- 
taiy  of  State,  1850-52.  His  chief  public  speeches, 
aside  from  Congress,  were  those  delivered  at 
Plymouth  anniversary,  1820;  on  the  laying  of 
the  conier  stone  of  the  Bunker  Hill  monument, 
1825:  on  the  deaths  of  Jefferson  and  Adams, 
1826;  the  dedication  of  the  Bunker  Hill  ^Monu- 
ment,  1843,  and  on  the  la.ying  of  the  corner 
stone  of  the  addition  to  the  Capitol,  1851. 

Henry  Clay — a  celebrated  American  states- 
man and  orator,  was  born  in  Hanover  County, 
near  Richmond,  Va.,  April  12.  1777,  and  died 
at  Washington,  D.  C,  June  29,  18.52.  He  was 
U.  S.  Senator  from  Kentucky.  1811-21  and  1823- 
25 ;  was  Peace  Commissioner  at  Ghent  in  1814 
terminating  the  War  of  1812  with  Great  Brit- 
ain: was  Secretary  of  State,  1825-29  ;.U.  S; 
f^enator.  1831-42  and  1849-52.  He  was  candi- 
date f(u-  President  1824,  1832  and  1844.    He  w-as 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTOEY 


the  chief  designer  of  the  "Missouri  Compro- 
mise" of  1820,  ami  of  the  coiiipromise  of  1850. 

Andrew  Jackson— seventh  President  of  the 

U.  S.,  was  bom  :March  15,  1767,  at  the  Waxhaw 
Settlement,  N.  C,  and  died  June  8,  1845,  at 
the  Hermitage,  near  Nashville,  Tenn.  He  was 
Member  of  Congress,  1796-97;  Justice  of  th; 
Supreme  Court  of  Tenn.,  1798-1804;  defeated 
the  Creek  Indians,  1813-1814,  and  the  English 
at  Pensacola,  1814,  and  at  New  Orleans,  Jan- 
uary 8,  1815  ;  fought  Seminole  Indians,  1817-18  ; 
Governor  of  Florida  Territory,  1821;  U.  y. 
Senator  from  Tenn.,  1823-25,  and  was  Presiden"/ 
for  two  terms,  1828-37.  His  proclamation  of 
December  11,  1832,  against  the  nullitication 
ordinance  by  South  Carolina,  declaring  void 
certain  obnoxious  duties  on  imports.  wa.s 
hacked  up  by  his  sending  U.  S.  troops  to 
Charleston  aiul  Augusta  and  caused  the  sub- 
mission of  the  nullifiers. 

John  Brown — "of  Ossawatomie, "  a  celebrat- 
ed abolitionist  and  anti-slavery  leader,  was  l)oi  n 
May  9,  1800,  at  Torrington,  Conn.,  and  was  exe- 
cuted December  2,  1859,  at  Cliarleston,  Va. 
Leaving  his  trade  of  a  tanner  and  wool  mer- 
chant, he  actively  opposed  the  jiro-slavery  parly 
in  Kansas,  and  in  August,  1856,  at  Ossawa- 
tomie defeated  a  superior  force  of  Missourian'> 
who  had  invaded  Kansas.  On  the  night  of 
October  16,  1859,  he  and  a  few  followers  seized 
the  Arsenal  at  Harper's  Ferry,  Va.,  to  obtain 
arms  for  the  negroes,  whom  Brown  proposed 
to  incite  to  a  servile  insurrection.  He  was  cap- 
tured, tried  and  executed  by  the  Common- 
wealth of  Virginia  for  his  mistaken  zeal,  but 
his  spirit  sustained  the  'Boys  of  '61"  as  they 
went  marching  on  in  the  Civil  War. 

Oliver  Wendell  Holmes — an  American  poet, 
essayist  and  novelist,  was  born  August  29,  1809, 
at  Cambridge,  Mass.,  and  died  October  7,  1894. 
He  was  professor  of  anatomy  and  physiology 
for  35  years  (1847-1882)  in  the  medical  school 
of  Harvard  University,  then  resigned  and  was 
appointed  professor  emeritus.  He  contributed 
to  the  "Atlantic  Monthly,"  the  "Autocrat  of 
the  Breakfast-Table,"  "Over  the  Teacups," 
etc.,  and  ^\^■ote  "Elsie  Venner,"  "The  Guard- 
ian Angel,"  etc.     He  also  wrote  a  number  cf 


essays,  and  Memoirs  of  Ralph  Waldo  Emerson 
and  of  John  Lathrop  Motley. 

Elbert  Hubbard— American  journalist,  pub- 
lisher and  author,  was  born  at  Bloomington, 
III,  in  1859.  He  was  editor  of  the  "Philistine," 
East  Aurora,  N.  Y.  He  is  author  of  "No  En- 
emy but  Himself,"  "Little  Journeys,"  "The 
Legacy,  a  Novel,"  "Forbes  of  Harvard"  and 
"One  Day,  a  Tale  of  the  Prairies."  He  went 
down  with  the  "Lusitania,"  May  7,  1915. 

Page  325— 

Thermopylae  (ther-mop-i-le)  means  "the  gate 
of  the  hot  springs,"  which  are  two  in  number 
and  are  about  100  F.  and  salt.  It  is  a  narrow 
pass  between  Mt.  Oeta  and  a  marsh  bordering 
the  Malic  Gulf,  and  is  the  only  road  from 
Northern  to  Southern  Greece.  Here,  in  480 
B.  C.,  occurred  one  of  the  most  famous  con- 
flicts of  the  Pei'sian  wars.  Leonidas  vdth  300 
Spartans  and  700  Thespians  defended  the  pass 
till  all  were  slain,  against  the  vast  army  of 
Xerxes,  the  Persian  King,  seeking  to  invade 
Greece. 

Inkermann — a  ruined  town  in  the  Crimea, 
Russia,  near  Sebastopol.  Here,  November  5, 
1854,  the  English  and  French  defeated  the  Rus- 
sians, who  had  made  an  unexpected  attack  on 
the  English  camp ;  the  battle  was  severe,  with 
great  loss  on  both  sides. 

Genus  Homo — a  latin  term  meaning  the  race 
of  man. 

Page  326— 

Woodrow  Wilson — an  American  historian, 
statesman  and  the  28th  President  of  the  U.  S., 
was  born  at  Staunton,  Va..  December  28,  1856. 
He  graduated  at  Princeton,  1879 ;  studied  law 
and  practiced  at  Atlanta,  Ga.;  studied  history 
and  politics  at  Johns  Hopkins  LTniversitj^  1883- 
1885;  was  Associate  Professor  of  History  and 
Political  Economy  at  Bryn  Mawr,  1886-88 ;  was 
Professor  of  Finance  and  Political  Economy  at 
Princeton,  1890-1902,  and  President  of  the 
University,  1902-10 ;  was  Governor  of  New  Jer- 
sey, 1911 ;  was  nominated  Democratic  candi- 
aate  for  the  Presidency  in  1912,  against  Taft, 


GLOSSARY 


who  was  the  Republican  nominee  for  re-elec- 
tion, and  Roosevelt,  the  nominee  of  the  "Pi'o- 
gressive  Party,"  and  Wilson  was  elected  by 
435  electoral  votes,  as  against  8  for  Taft  and 
88  for  Roosevelt.  Wilson  was  inaugurated 
March  4,  1913,  and  with  both  houses  of  Con- 
gress Democratic  also,  obtained  the  reduction 
of  the  tariff  from  a  general  level  of  45  to  25 
per  cent  and  greatty  enlarged  the  free  list ;  also 
the  passage  of  the  Federal  Reserve  Act  of  1913, 
by  which  the  control  of  money  was  taken  from 
private  hands  and  placed  in  the  Treasury  De- 
partment, and  the  countr.v  was  divided  into  12 
banking  districts,  and  the  danger  of  tinancial 
panics  averted.  In  1914,  the  Clayton  Anti- 
trust and  Federal  Income  Tax  laws  were 
passed.  In  1916,  the  Mexican  troubles  of  Car- 
ranza  required  the  sending  of  troops  to  ]Mexico, 
hut  the  World  War  that  began  August  1,  1914, 
soon  overshadowed  everytliing  else.  The  Lusi- 
tania,  a  British  liner,  had  been  sunk  May  7, 
1915,  and  American  ships  also,  by  German  sub- 
marines, caiising  many  to  call  for  war  with  Ger- 
many. The  election  of  1916  gave  President  Wil- 
son his  second  term.  January  22.  1917,  Presi- 
dent Wilson  suggested  14  points  as  a  basis  for 
peace,  but  his  effort  failed.  On  April  6,  1917, 
war  was  declared  by  the  United  States  against 
Germany.  The  Armistice  came  X(ivcml)er  11, 
1918.  (Peace  terms  were  not  actually  signed 
betAveen  the  United  States  and  Germany  till 
August  25,  1921.)  President  Wilson  sailed 
December  4,  1918,  for  Paris.  France,  to  attend 
the  Peace  Conference,  till  Febiaiary,  1919,  when 
he  I'etui'ned  to  the  U.  S.  for  a  short  visit,  but 
went  ovei'  to  France  again  about  the  middle 
of  March.  1919.  The  Treaty,  including  the  Cov- 
enant of  the  League  of  Xations,  was  brought 
home  and  laid  before  the  Senate.  July  10.  1919. 
Bitter  opposition  developed  in  the  Senate  and 
President  Wilson,  on  a  ti-ip  through  the  coun- 
try, spoke  for  and  explained  the  Treaty  and  the 
Covenant  till  he  was  taken  ill  at  Wichita,  Kan. ; 
was  hui'i-ied  home  to  Washington  and  kept  in 
bed  several  months.  He  was  able  to  ride  to  the 
inauguration  ceremony  of  Warren  G.  Hai'ding, 
March  4,  1921,  and  then  took  up  his  residence 
in  Washington.  In  August.  1921,  he  formed  a 
law  partnership  with  Bainl)ridge  Colby,  under 
the  title  Wilson  &  Colby,  with  offices  in  Wash- 


ington, D.  C,  and  New  York  City,  for  the  prac- 
tice of  international  and  corporate  law. 

Page  331— 

Maj.  Charles  W.  Whittlesey  commanded  the 
famous  "Lost  Battalion,"  composed  of  Com- 
panies B,  C,  E,  G,  H  and  what  was  left  of  A, 
308th  Infantry — the  1st  Battalion  under  Maj. 
Whittlesey  and  the  2nd  Battalion  under  Capt. 
George  G.  McMurtry,  a  New  York  broker, 
whom  Maj.  Whittlesey  refers  to  as  having  been 
"the  life  of  the  party."  The  opening  day  of 
the  famous  Argonne  drive,  September  26,  1918, 
they  "went  over"  from  the  French  trenches 
southeast  of  Binarville  at  5:30  a.  m.  During 
the  next  four  days  they  encountered  plenty  of 
opposition  from  machine  guns,  snipers,  trench 
mortars  and  ai'tillery,  but  having  a  leader  who 
simply  ignored  opposition,  nothing  short  of 
annihilation  could  stop  them.  Instead  of  a 
paper  strength  of  one  thcmsaiid  men,  this  com- 
mand consisted  of  less  than  seven  hundred, 
more  than  half  of  them,  new  fi'om  llic  States, 
bad  never  before  been  under  any  kind  of  fire, 
and  ten  officers  instead  of  twciity-iiiiic.  After 
four  da,vs  of  continuous  advance,  :\[aj.  Whittle- 
sey found  that  his  line  of  communications  had 
been  cut  by  nuichine-gun  nests  in  the  rear,  and 
that  regimental  head(|uarters  could  not  be 
reached  for  instructions,  ammunition  or  food. 
Lieut.  Arthur  McKeog-h,  adjutant  of  the  bat- 
talion, was  instructed  to  select  two  runners 
and  report  personally  to  the  Colonel  about  two 
miles  to  the  rear,  which  he  succeeded  in  doing 
in  twenty-four  hours  after  encountering  the 
enemy,  killing  three  Germans  and  being  him- 
self wounded.  Relief  was  sent  with  ammuni- 
tion and  food  on  September  30,  and  on  the  fol- 
lowing day  the  refreshed  command  started  for- 
ward again — again  to  be  cut  off,  this  time  for 
five  days.  It  was  on  October  7,  1918,  that 
Lieut,  Robert  M.  Anderson,  pilot,  and  Lieut. 
Rodgers,  observer,  in  an  aeroplane  belonging  to 
the  50th  Aero  S(|uadron,  located  them  and 
brought  back  word  that  the  command  was  en- 
tirely surrounded  by  the  enemy  Fifteen  fly- 
ing missions  to  aid  Whittlesey  and  his  men 
were  sent  out  and  1000  pounds  of  ammunition, 
medical  supplies,  food  and  cai'rier  pigeons  were 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


dropped  to  them,  with  the  lo8S  of  four  planes, 
two  men  killed  and  one  wounded.  It  was  just 
before  this  relief  occurred  that  the  besieging 
German  officer  sent  the  following  typewrit- 
ten message  to  Maj.  Whittlesey  by  the  hand  of 
a  prisoner,  Crowell  R.  HoUingshead,  one  of 
Capt.  McMurtry's  Second  Battalion: 

Sir:. 

Tlj,e.  bearer  of  the  present  has  been  taken 
prisoner  by  us.  He  refused  to  give  the  German 
intelligence  officer  every  answer  to  his  ques- 
tions, and  is  quite  an' honorable  fellow,  doing 
honor  to  his  fatherland  in ''the  strictest  sense 
of  the  word. 

He  has  been  charged  against  his  will,  believ- 
ing it  doing  wrong  to  his  country  in  carrying 
forward  this  present  letter  to  the  officer  in 
charge  of  the  Second  Battalion,  308th  Infantry, 
with  the  purpose  to  recommend  this  comman- 
der to  surrender  with  his  forces,  as  it  would 
,be  quite  useless  to  resist  any  more,  in  view  of 
the  present  situation. 

The  suffering  of  your  wounded  men  can  be 
heai'd  in  the  German  lines,  and  we  are  appeal- 
ing to  your  human  sentiments. 

A  white  flag  shown  by  one  of  your  jnen  will 
tell  us  that  you  agree  with  these   conditions. 

Please  treat as  an  honorable  man.  He 

is  quite  a  soldier ;  we  envy  you. 

(Signed)  The  German  Commanding  Officer. 

Lieut.  McKeough  writes:  "Now,  the  story 
goes  that  Maj.  Whittlesey  sent  back  the  pithy 
answer,  'Go  to  hell!'  As  a  matter  of  fact,  he 
sent  back  no  written  answer  whatever.  To 
those  near  him  he  did  suggest  that  the  Boches 
could  take  the  well-known  facilis  dicensus. 

No,  he  sent  no  message,  but  the  most  com- 
plete, practical  and  splendid  answer  that  could 
have  been  made  to  the  German  proposal,  he 
made  as  he  finished  reading  the  note.  On  the 
side  of  the  hill,  our  airplane  liason  agent  had 
spread  out  his  panel — a  six-foot  square  of  white 
cloth  with  a  black  patch.  Messages  and  food 
were  essential  enough,  God  knoAvs.     But  sup- 


pose the  Gei'mans  mistook  that  panel  for  sur- 
render! Maj.  Whittlesey  ordered  it  taken  in 
at  once — that  was  his  answer." 

At  thi.s  time  the  men  were  chewing  oak 
leaves,  and  their  dead  had  to  lie  unburied  be- 
cause exhaustion,  exposure  and  starvation  had 
made  the  survivors  too  weak  to-  swing  shovels 
and  too  few  to  leave  their  guns.  "We  held 
out  because  he  did,"  said  one  of  the  men  after 
their  stand.  "We  was  all  right  if  we  could 
see  him  once  a  day,"  and  they  did  see  him 
many  times  a  day. 

When  the  outfit  was  relieved  on  the  night  of 
October  7-8,  just  one  officer,  Lieut.  Paul  Knight, 
came  out  with  the  Major.  "Of  the  three  hun- 
dred and  ninety-four  soldiers  to  leave  the  ra- 
vine alive,  one  hundred  and  iifty-six  were 
wounded." — (The  Stars  and  Stripes,  official 
publication  of  the  A.  E.  P.) 

To  a  war  correspondent  who  sought  him  cut 
behind  the  lines  after  the  relief  of  his  com- 
mand :  "Don't  write  about  me,  but  about  those 
men.  They  were  wonderful  and  I  wish  every 
one  of  them  could  be  given  a  medal." 

Honor  to  whom  honor  is  due! 

Page  333— 

Khaki  is  from  the  Hindu  Khaki,  which  me:ins 
dusty  or  earthy.  The  name  is  applied  generally 
to  a  twilled,  closely  woven,  strong  cotton  fab- 
ric suitable  for  army  clothing  and  usually  dyed 
nf  a  brownish  or  tan  tint.  Since  our  troops  in 
the  World  War  were  outfitted  in  such  clothing, 
it  has  become  a  common  name  in  designating 
the  soldier  uniform  of  the  United  States. 

Page  334— 

John  William  Withers  was  born  at  Ben  Lo- 
mond, W.  Va.,  Sept.  23,  1868 ;  son  of  John  M. 
and  Sarah  Ann  (George)  Withers;  received 
his  early  education  in  the  public  schools  of 
West  Virginia,  and  then  went  to  the  National 
Normal  University  at  Lebanon,  0.  After  four 
years  he  received  the  degree  of  B.  A.,  and  four 
years  later  the  degree  of  Ph.  D.  He  received 
his  M.  A.  degree  from  Yale  in  1902,  and  the 
degree  of  LL.  D.  in  1904.    He  came  to  St.  Louis 


GLOSSARY 


in  1904  as  principal  of  the  Yeatnian  High 
School,  and  the  next  year,  when  the  Harris 
Teachers'  College  was  opened,  he  was  made 
principal  of  that  institution.  After  the  death 
of  Ben  Blewett,  he  was  elected,  February  !■], 
1917,  Superintendent  of  Instruction,  at  a  salary 
of  $-8000  per  year.  In  May,  1920,  he  was  of- 
fered a  position  of  the  deanship  of  the  New 
York  University  at  a  large  increase  of  salary, 
but  decided  to  serve  out  his  term  ending  Feb- 
ruary 13,  1921. 

Dr.  Withers,  Superintendent  of  St.  Louis 
Schools  for  eight  years,  left  St.  Louis  February, 
1921,  for  Columbia  University,  New  York,  to  be 
Dean,  at  :1;12,000  per  year. 

Page  341— 

John  James  Ingalls — an  American  Republi- 
can politician,  born  at  Jliddleton,  Mass.,  De- 
cemlier  29.  IH'-VA,  and  died  at  Las  Vegas,  N. 
]Mex.,  August  16,  1900.  He  graduated  from 
Williams  College  in  1855,  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1857;  moved  to  Kansas,  was  Secretary 
of  the  Territorial  Council  in  1860  and  of  the 
State  Senate  in  1862.  He  was  U.  S.  Senator 
from  Kansas  for  18  years  (1873-91).  His  essay 
on  "Grass,"  in  Williams  History,  is  a  fine  ex- 
ample of  his  flow  of  ideas  in  sustained  thought, 
happily  expressed  in  clear  language,  and  com- 
pares well  with  Senator  Vest's  eulogy  on  the 

<loo-. 

Page  342— 

Janus,  a  mythological  figure  of  a  man  having 
two  faces,  looking  in  opposite  directions,  for- 
ward and  backward — towards  the  past  and  the 
future. 

Page  344— 

Sir  Joshua  Reynolds — a  great  English  paint- 
er, was  lioin  at  Plympton  Earl,  Devonshire, 
Eng.,  July  16,  1723,  and  died  at  London  Feb- 
ruary 23,  1792.  In  1746  he  established  himself 
as  a  portrait  painter  in  London.  He  spent  two 
years  in  Rome  and  other  Italian  cities,  re- 
turned to  London  in  1752,  and  was  intimate 
with  Johnson,  Bui'ke,  T^arrick,  Goldsmitli  and 


others.  The  "Literary  Club"  was  established 
in  1764  at  his  suggestion.  He  was  the  first 
president  of  the  Royal  Academy  founded  in 
1768,  and  in  1784  he  was  made  painter  to  the 
King.  His  most  famous  works  are  his  por- 
traits of  Johnson,  Garrick.  Stei'ne.  Goldsmith, 
The  little  Lady  Penelope  Boothby,  and  ^Mis. 
Siddons  as  the  "Tragic  Mute." 

Page  345— 

Ptah — an  important  deit.\-  in  Egyptian  m.v- 
thology,  was  the  creative  force,  the  divine 
builder,  the  vivifying  intellectual  pow(>i-,  and 
was  honored  especially  at  Memphis,  the  early 
capital  of  Egypt.  He  was  I'eprescnted  in  human 
form,  sometimes  as  a   j^ygmy  or  cmbi'vo. 

Page  346— 

Robin  Hood — a  traditionary  English  outlaw 
and  popular  hero,  was  probably  born  at  Locks- 
ley,  Nottinghamshire,  England,  about  1160.  He 
li\i'd  in  tlie  woods — cliieHy  Shn-wood  Forest 
and  ISai'iisdale  in  Yoi-ksliire — was  extravagant 
and  adventurous,  and  though  kind  to  the  poor, 
robbed  the  rich.  Ballads  and  legends  are  ap- 
parently the  source  of  information  concerning 
him  and  his  companions:  Friar  Tuck,  Maid 
Marian,  Little  John,  Will  Scarlett,  Allen-a- 
Dale,  and  Gi'orge-a-Greene.  His  exploits  with 
the  long  bow  are  the  subjects  of  many  tales  that 
have  delighted  boys  of  all  ages. 

Page  347 

William  Shakespeare— a  famous  English 
poet,  and  greatest  of  dramatists,  was  bom 
at  Stratford-on-Avon,  April,  1564,  and  died 
there  April  23,  1616.  His  father,  John  Shake- 
si^eare,  and  his  mother,  Mary  Arden,  were  chil- 
dren of  husbandmen,  possessed  of  little  prop- 
ert.v,  and  his  father  held  various  offices  (con- 
stable, alderman  and  high  bailiff)  in  Stratford, 
during  William's  bo.yhood.  Little  is  known 
of  his  life,  but  his  plays  are  his  best  monu- 
ment ;  the  simplicity  of  words,  lucidity  of  lan- 
guage and  felicity  of  expression  of  ideas,  have 
never  been  surpassed. 

About  1587,  at  the  age  of  23,  he  went  to  Lon- 
don, became  an  actor  and  had  the  advantage 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


of  association  with  AUeyiic,  the  best  tragic 
actor  of  England,  and  with  Kempe  and  Pope, 
the  best  comedians  of  that  time.  Six  years 
later  Shakespeare  was  one  of  the  chief  actors 
in  the  best  company  in  London,  and  its  ac- 
knowledged playwriter;  he  had  obtained  fame 
as  a  poet  also.  In  1610  he  retired  from  the 
theater  and  was  living  in  Stratford  in  1611, 
where  he  died  five  years  later. 

Page  348— 

Alexander  Pope — a  famous  English  poet,  was 
born  in  Lombard  street.  London,  May  21,  1688, 
and  died  at  Twickenham  May  30,  1744.  His 
father  was  a  linen  draper,  who  had  become  a 
convert  to  the  Roman  Catholic  Church.  On 
account  of  his  father's  faith,  and  his  frail  body 
as  a  boy,  he  did  not  attend  the  public  schools, 
but  learned  Latin  r.nd  Greek  from  various 
friends.  Before  he  was  17  his  literary  career 
had  begun.  His  masterpiece,  "The  Rape  of 
the  Lock,"  was  published  in  1712.  He  worked 
on  his  translation  of  Homer  for  12  years  and 
the  "Iliad"  was  published  in  1715-20.  The 
"Essay  on  Man"  appeared  in  1733-34. 

Page  350— 

Howard — "All  the  blood  of  all  the  How- 
ards." This  is  in  I'eference  to  the  number  of 
persons  of  this  family  in  England  who  were 
beheaded  for  various  reasons :  Henry  How- 
ard, Earl  of  Surrey,  an  English  poet,  was  be- 
headed on  Tower  Hill,  London,  in  1547.  Cath- 
arine Howard,  the  fifth  Queen  of  Henry  VIIT, 
was  beheaded  in  1542.  Thomas  Howard,  Eirl 
of  Surrey,  and  father  of  Henry  Howard,  and 
the  uncle  of  Catherine  Howard,  was  accused  of 
treason  and  ordered  to  execution  but  was  saved 
by  the  death  of  King  Henry.  Thomas  Howard, 
fourth  Duke  of  Norfolk,  was  an  English  poli- 
tician who  aspired  to  become  the  husband  of 
Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  and  joining  a  conspiracy 
for  her  liberation,  was  executed,  1572,  on  the 
charge  of  treason. 

Page  SSI- 
Maximilian  Paul  Eugen  Groszmann — an  edu- 
cator, was  born  at  Brieg,  Germany,  June  29, 
1855 ;  was  educated  at  Breslau,  Ohlau,  and  Uni- 


versity of  Greifswald  ;  came  to  America  in  1876, 
and  obtained  the  degree  of  Pd.  D.  of  New 
York  University,  1893.  He  married  Clara  Sick- 
ert  of  Breslau,  in  1875 ;  and  second  wife,  Mary 
Scott  Emmons,  of  Washington,  D.  C,  in  1905. 
He  lived  in  Milwaukee,  1876-90;  then  moved 
to  New  York  and  took  charge  of  Ethical  Cul- 
ture School,  1890-97,  which  he  resigned  on  ac- 
count of  ill  health  and  removed  to  a  farm  in 
Virginia,  where  he  founded  a  school  for  atypi- 
cal children.  Returned  to  New  York,  1901,  and 
located  at  Plainfield,  N.  J.,  1904;  is  founder 
and  director  and  trustee  of  National  Associa- 
tion for  Study  and  Education  of  Exceptional 
Children.  He  is  the  author  of  a  number  of 
books  on  education  of  children,  and  is  a  fre- 
quent contributor  to  educational  magazines. 
His  home  address  is  "Watchung  Crest,"  Plain- 
field,  N.  J. 

Page  352— 

Henry  Van  Dyke — an  American  clergyman, 
educator  and  author,  was  born  at  Germantown, 
Pa.,  November  10,  1852.  Since  1900  he  has 
held  the  position  of  Professor  of  English  Liter- 
ature in  Princeton  University.  In  June,  1913, 
was  appointed  by  President  Wilson  as  LT.  S. 
Minister  to  Netherlands  and  Luxembourg.  He 
is  the  author  of  many  books  relating  to  relig- 
ious characteristics,  outdoor  life,  music,  art  and 
poetry.  His  home  is  at  Avalon,  Princeton, 
N.  J. 

Robert  Burns — a  famous  Scottish  lyric  poet, 
was  born  at  Alloway,  near  Ayr,  Scotland,  Jan- 
uary 25,  1759,  and  died  at  Dumfries,  Scotland, 
July  21,  1796.  He  was  the  eldest  son  of  Wil- 
liam Barnes  or  Burm,  a  nurseryman,  and  Ag- 
nes, the  daughter  of  a  Carrick  farmer.  He 
received  a  meager  education  and  when  24  years 
old  rented  a  farm  at  Mossgiel  with  his  brother, 
Gilbert.  In  1786  he  published  a  volume  of 
poems,  and  a  year  later  went  to  Edinburgh, 
where  he  was  welcomed  by  many  noted  per- 
sons, and  published  a  second  edition  of  his 
poems.  In  1791  he  removed  to  Dumfi-ies,  where 
he  devoted  himself  to  literature  and  his  duties 
as  exciseman.  His  poems  touch  the  heart,  and 
"Bobby  Burns"  is  the  Whittier  of  Scotland. 


GLOSSARY 


Page  354— 

Henry  Wadsworth  Longfellow— born  Poit- 
land,  Maine,  February  27,  1S07,  and  died  at 
Cambridge,  Mass.,  March  24,  1S82.  A  diitiu- 
giiished  American  poet.  He  graduated  at  Bow- 
doiu  College,  I\Iaine,  in  1825:  was  professor  cf 
Modern  Languages  at  Bowdoin  College  for  six 
years  (1829-1835)  and  also  at  Harvard  for  18 
years  (1836-185-i).  Some  of  his  well-known 
poems  ai'e  "Voices  of  the  Night,"'  "Spanish 
Studient,"  "Belfry  of  Bruges,"  "Evangeline, 
a  Tale  of  Aeadie"'  (1847),  "Song  of  Hiawa- 
tha" (1855),  "Courtship  (if  Miles  Standish," 
"Tales  of  a  Wayside  Inn"  (1863)  and  "Hang- 
ing of  the  Crane"  (1874),  "The  Reaper  and 
the  Flowers"  (1837),  "The  Psalm  of  Life" 
''1838),  "The  Wreck  of  the  Hesperous,"  "The 
Village  Blacksmith,"  "Excelsior,"  "The  Old 
Clock  on  the  Stairs,"  "The  Building  of  the 
Ship."  "The  Divine  Comedy"  (1867),  "Paul 
Kevere's  Ride,"  "The  Children's  Hour."  A 
little  volume  entitled  "In  the  Harbor,"  con- 
taining his  last  poems,  was  ]iublished  in  1882, 
after  his  death. 

No  poet  was  ever  moi-e  beloved  than  he; 
none  was  ever  nmi'i'  worthy  of  lnve.  His  bust 
was  nlaced  in  the  Poets'  Comer,  Westminster 
Abbey,  in  March,  1884,  and  he  is  the  first  Amer- 
ican poet  to  be  thus  honored. 

Page  357— 

Frank'in  Knight  Lane— Secretary  of  the  Tn- 
tericii-,  was  born  on  Pi'inee  Edwards  Island, 
Canada,  July  15.  lS(i4.  and  died  at  Rochester, 
Minn.,  May  18,  1921.  He  came  to  California  in 
eai-jy  childhood,  graduated  University  of  Cali- 
fornia, 1886 :  married  Anne  Wintermute  of  Ta- 
conui.  Wash.,  in  1893;  engaged  in  newspaper 
work,  \ras  admitted  to  the  California  bar,  1889, 
and  practiced  in  San  Fi'aneiseo.  Was  member 
of  the  Intei-state  Commerce  Commisdon  eight 
years  (1905-1913)  and  became  Secretary  of  the 
interior  in  President  Wilson's  Cabinet  March 
5,  1913.    He  died— 

His  genial  disposition  and  cultivated  mind 
made  him  widely  kiuiwn  and  respected. 


Page  358  — 

John  Ruskin — an  eminent  English  art  critic 
and  writer,  M'as  born  at  London,  February  8. 
1819,  and  died  at  Brantwood,  January  20,  1900. 
His  father  was  a  wine  merchant  and  left  him 
an  ample  fortune.  He  graduated  from  Oxford 
in  1842  and  studied  painting  inider  Copley, 
Fielding  and  Harding.  In  1843  he  published 
a  bock  called  "Modern  Painters"  that  estab- 
lished the  author's  reputation  on  account  of 
the  brilliancy  of  its  style  and  the  originality 
of  its  views,  and  was  later  enlarged  to  several 
volumes.  He  spent  several  yeai-s  abroad  study- 
ing art  in  Ital.\-,  and  held  the  Slade  professor- 
ship of  fine  art  in  Oxford,  1869-79,  and  1883-85, 
and  then  went  to  live  on  his  estate  in  Brant- 
wood, on  Coniston  Lake,  in  the  Lake  Country. 
Amcug  his  best-known  books  are:  "Seven 
Lamps  of  Architecture,"  "Stones  of  Venice," 
"Sesame  and  Lilies,"  "Ethics  of  the  Dust," 
"Crown  of  Wild  Olive,"  "St.  Mark's  Rest," 
"The  Art  of  England,"  and  "Praeterita:  an 
Autobiogi'aidiy. " 

Page  360— 

Benjamin  Disraeli — Earl  of  Beaoonsfield,  an 
English  statesnum  and  novelist,  \\as  liorn  at 
London  December  21,  1804,  aiul  died  at  London 
April  19,  1881.  He  entered  the  House  of  Com- 
mons in  1837,  and  became  one  of  the  leaders  of 
the  Young  England  party,  became  Premier  in 
1868,  resigned  and  was  Premier  1874-80;  was 
created  Earl  of  Beaconsfield  in  1876.  His  ad- 
ministi-ation  was  noted  for  its  aggressive  for- 
eign policy  in  regard  to  the  Eastern  Question, 
India  and  South  Africa.  His  rise  to  Premier 
refuted  the  eld  saying  that  a  Jew  could  never 
be  Prime  Minister  of  England. 

Page   361— 

George  Stephenson— the  perfecter  of  the  loco- 
motive, was  born  at  Wylam,  near  Newcastle, 
England,  Jime  9,  1781,  and  died  near  Chester- 
field, August  12,  1848.  He  was  the  son  of  Robt. 
Stephenson,  a  fireman  of  a  colliery  engine  at 
Wylam,  and  educated  himself  at  night-schools. 
On  July  25,  1814,  he  made  a  successful  trial  of 
a   "traveling  engine"  worked   liy  steam   on   a 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


trainroad  nine  miles  long,  and  was  engineer  of 
the  Stockton  and  Darling-ton  Railway,  which 
was  opened  September  25,  1825,  and  the  first 
to  carry  passengers  and  goods  by  steam  loco- 
motion. He  directed  the  eonstrnetion  of  the 
Liverpool  and  Manchester  Eaihvay,  opened 
September  15,  1830. 

Sir  William  Siemens — a  German-English 
physicist,  engineer  and  inventor,  was  born  at 
Lenthe.  near  Hanover,  Prussia,  April  4,  1823, 
and  died  at  London.  November  18,  1883.  He 
settled  in  England  in  1844.  became  a  natural- 
ized British  subject  in  1859 ;  Avas  president  of 
the  British  Association  and  in  1883  was  knight- 
ed. His  researehe3  rebate  to  electricity  and 
heat,  and  piiblished  several  books  on  these  aub- 
.jects. 

Alexander  Graham  Bell — an  American  physi- 
cist, was  born  at  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  March 
3.  1847,  came  to  the  United  States  in  1872,  and 
became  professor  of  vocal  physiology  in  Boston 
University.  He  exhibited  Ms  telephone  in  1876, 
invented  the  photophone,  and  developed  his 
father's  (Alexander  Melville  Bell)  system  of 
"visible  speech." 

James  Watt — a  famous  British  mechanician, 
inventor,  and  civil  engineer,  was  born  at  Green- 
ock, Scotland,  January  19,.  1736,  and  died  at 
Heathfield,  near  Birmingham,  England,  August 
25,  1819.  Before  he  was  20  he  was  appren- 
ticed to  an  instrument-maker  in  London,  and 
two  j^ears  later  became  mathematical  instru- 
ment-maker to  the  University  of  Glasgow. 
About  1760  he  began  experiments  to  improve 
the  steam  engine,  and  in  1765  invented  the  con- 
densing steam-engine,  and  many  other  impi-ove- 
ments  later.  He  formed  a  partnership  with 
Boulton  in  Birmingham  and  began  the  manu- 
facture of  steam  engines  in  1775, 

Thomas  Alva  Edison— a  celebrated  American 
inventor,  was  born  at  Milan,  0.,  February, 11, 
1847.  He  was  a  railway  newsboy  at  the  age 
of  12,  and  later  a  telegraph  operator.  In  1871 
he  came  to  New  York  where  he  perfected 
(1872)  the  duplex  telegraph,  arid  invented  the 
printing  telegraph  for  stock  (|uotations.  In 
1876  he  moved  to  JMenlo  Park,  N.  J.,  and  later 


to  West  Oraiige,  N.  J.,  where  he  devoted  him- 
self to  inventing.  Among  his  inventions 
arc  the  carbon  telephone  transmittei',  the 
microtasimeter,  the  aerophone,  the  megaphone, 
the  phonograph,  the  kinetoscope,  the  incan- 
descent electric  lamp,  and  othei-s. 


William  Ewart  Gladstone — an  eminent  Britiish 
statesman,  financier,  and  orator,  was  born  at 
Liverpool,  England,  December  29,  1809,  and 
died  at  Hawarden  Castle  May  19, 1898.  He  was 
of  Scottish  ancestry,  was  educated  at  Eton  and 
at  Christ  Church,  Oxford, '  graduating  in  1831 
with  highest  honors  in  classics  and  mathemat- 
ics. As  member  of  Parliament  (1832)  he  was 
made  first  junior  lord  of  the  treasury,  and  then 
under-secretary  to  the  colonies;  then  (1841) 
vice-president  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  and  Pre3- 
ident  in  1843,  with  a  seat  in  the  Cabinet.  In 
1852  he  was  chancellor  of  the  exchequer,  and 
again,  from  1859  to  1866,  and  after  Lord  Pal- 
merston's  death,  was  leader  of  the  House  of 
Commons.  December  9,  1868,  he  became  Prime 
Minister,  which  position  he  held  four  times — 
1868-1874,  1880-85,  February  to  July,  1886,  and 
August,  1892,  to  March,  1894,  when  the  "Grand 
Old  Man"  retired  from  ofiice  on  account  of  his 
age  and  decline  of  physical  powers,  as  he  was 
in  his  85th  year. 

He  prepared  and  introduced  two  bills  (1S86 
and  1893)  for  Home  Rule  in  Ireland,  but  both 
were  defeated.  Except  for  a  year  and  a  half 
he  sat  continuously  in  the  House  of  Commons 
from  1832  to  1895.  He  declined  the  offer  of  a 
Peerage  and  remained  "The  Great  Commoner." 
He  published  several  books  on  topics  of  the 
times,  and  contributed  to  various  magazines 
and  reviews. 


Francis  Scott  Key — an  American  poet  and 
author  of  "The  Star-Swangled  Banner,"  was 

born  in  Frederick  County,  Maryland,  August 
9,  1780,  and  died  at  Baltimore,  Md.,  January 
11,  1843.  His  poenas  Avere  published  in  1857. 
Every  schoolboy  knows  the  circumstance  of  his 
imprisonment  on  a  British  ship  at  the  time  of 


GLOSSARY 


the  bombardment  of  Fort  MeHenry,  near  Bal- 
timore, in  September,  1814,  when  he  ^rote  the 
poem  that  has  become  our  Nation;il   Anthem. 

Edward  Henry  Harriman — an  Aiuerican 
financier  and  railway  president,  was  born  at 
Hempstead,  L.  I.,  Febrnary  25,  1848,  and  died 
at  Turner,  N.  Y.,  September  9,  1909.  He  was 
president  of  the  Union  Pacific,  Central  Pacific 
and  Southern  Pacific  and  allied  roads,  and  wa'i 
noted  for  his  development  cf  the  roads  he  con- 
trolled. 

John  Pierpont  Morgan— an  American  banker 
and  financier,  was  born  at  Hartford.  Conn., 
April  17,  1837.  He  was  educated  at  the  Bos- 
ton High  School  and  at  the  University  of  Got- 
tintien.  As  a  financier  he  has  been  particularly 
eonr.eeted  with  the  reorganization  of  railways, 
the  floating  of  U.  S.  bond  i.ssues,  the  Atlantic 
shippinrr  combination,  etc.  He  is  known  as  a 
colleetci'  of  works  of  art,  and  as  contributor 
til  tlic  suppoi-t  of  hospitals,  and  other  ehai'itii  s. 

Page  371— 

Parthenon  at  Athens — tlic  temple  of  Athens 
Parthenos  (the  ^'irgin)  is  the  official  temple 
of  Pallas,  located  at  Athens,  Greece.  It  was 
begun  about  450  B.  C.  In  refinement  of  de- 
sign and  perfection  of  ex'^cution  this  structure 
has  never  been  paralelled.  It  is  Doric  style, 
floor  plan  101  feet  b.v  228  feet,  measured  on  a 
stylobate  of  three  steps,  having  18  colunins  in 
■width  and  27  columns  in  length. 

Pythagoras  (Pi-thag'-o-ras)  made  the  multi- 
plication table.  He  was  a  famous  Grcekphilos- 
opher  and  mathematician,  born  in  Samo", 
Greece,  about  582  B.  C.  He  emigrated  to  Co 
tona.  Magna  Graecia,  in  529  B.  C,  whei-e  he 
founded  a  school  of  philosophy.  Later  l.e 
moved  to  Metapontmn,  where  he  diel  ab  ut 
500  B.  C. 

Euclid — a  famous  Greek  geometer,  who  lived 
at  Alexandi'ia  about  300  B,  C.  His  pi'iucipal 
work  is  the  "Elements"  in  19  books^  parts  of 
which  are  largely  used  for  text  books  for  stu- 
dents to  the  present  day. 


Archimedes — a  Greek  and  the  most  celebrat- 
ed geometer  of  antiquity,  born  at  Syracuse  287 
B.  C,  died  212  B.  C.  He  invented  the  water 
screw  and  discovered  the  principle  of  the  lever. 
His  saying,  "Give  me  a  place  to  stand  and  I 
will  move  the  world,"  is  well  known.  He 
shouted  "Eureka!"  as  he  discovered  specific 
gravity  of  metals,  whereby  he  disclosed  the 
fraud  of  alloying  with  baser  metal  the  gold 
crown  of  King  Hiero. 

Hipparchus — a  celebrated  Greek  astronomer, 
founder  of  scientific  astronomy.  He  catalogued 
the  stars,  invented  the  planisphere,  discovered 
the  eccentricity  of  the  solar  orbit,  the  preces- 
sion of  the  equinoxes,  and  some  of  the  inequal- 
ities of  the  moon's  motion.  He  was  boi'U  at 
Nicaea,  Bithynin,  and  lived  about  160-125  B.  C. 

Precession  of  the  Equinoxes  (a.stiononiioal) 
is  a  slow  retrograde  movement  of  the  equinoc- 
tial points,  viz.,  from  east  to  west,  at  the  rate 
of  one  degree  in  71.66  years,  the  equator  mov- 
ing on  the  ecliptic  while  the  ecliptic  retains  it  > 
position  nearly  unchanged  among  the  stars. 
This  phenomenon  is  caused  by  the  combined 
action  of  the  sun  and  moon  on  the  mass  of  mat- 
ter aceiunulated  about  the  earth's  equator  and 
is  called  the  precession  of  the  equinoxes  becau  e 
it  makes  the  equinoxes  succeed  each  other  in 
less  time  than  they  would  otherwise  do.  It 
A\as  diseovei'ed  by  Hipparchus.  a  celciiratcd 
Gi-eek  astronomer,  more  than  a  century  iiefoi  e 
the  Christian  era.  The  equinoctial  points  will 
mr.ke    an    entire    revolution    in    about    25,800 


according  to  tradition,  a  Greek  fab- 
ulist of  the  6th  century.  Many  of  the  fables 
of  Aesop  were  known  much  earlier  than  his 
day,  but  he  ma,y  have  revised  thorn  in  the 
telling. 

Thales — one  of  the  seven  wise  men  of  Greece, 
a  philosopher,  astronomer  and  geometer.  He 
predicted  an  eclipse  of  the  sun  for  May  28,. 
585  B.  C,  and  various  discoveries  in  astr  n- 
omy  and  geometry  are  attributed  to  him.  He 
regarded  water  as  the  principle  of  all  things. 
He  was  born  in  Miletus,  Asia  Minor,  about  640 
B.  C,  and  died  about  546  B.  C. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Homer — an  old  Greek  poet,  to  whom  ancient 
tradition  attributes  the  authorship  of  the  Iliad, 
telling  of  the  ten  years'  siege  of  Troy  by  the 
Greeks,  on  account  of  Paris  carrying  off  Helen, 
wife  of  Agamemnon;  and  Odyssey,  telling  of 
ten  years  wandering  of  Ulysses  after  the  close 
of  the  Trojan  war,  and  his  repeated  endeavors 
to  return  to  his  home,  Ithaca,  finally  arriving 
home  in  time  to  slay  the  suitors  of  his  wife, 
Penelope,  and  prove  his  identity.  According 
to  Heroditus,  Homer  lived  about  850  B.  C, 
but  some  wi-iters  say  350  years  earlier. 

Pindar — the  greatest  of  the  Greek  lyric  poets, 
born  about  522  B.  C,  died  443  B.  C.  He  wrot- 
almost  every  kind  of  lyric  poem,  amongst  which 
are  Hymns  to  Persephone,  Fortune,  and  the 
gods  of  Thebes;  Paeans  to  Apollo,  processional 
songs,  choral  songs,  festive  songs  and  dirges, 
and  many  odes  for  competition  at  the  Olympic 


Sappho — a  female  Greek  lyric  poet  living 
about  600  B.  C.  She  wrote  nine  books  of  lyric 
poems,  all  of  which  are  lost  except  an  ode  to 
Aphrodite  and  several  fragments.  She  was 
known  among  the  ancients  a^^  "The  Poetess," 
as  Homer  was  called  "The  Poet.'  Plato  calls 
her  the  10th  muse.     (A  musical  instrument.) 

Ovid — a  Roman  poet  and  a  lending  write.- 
of  the  Augustan  age.  He  was  boi-n  43  B.  C. 
and  died  18  A.  D.,  after  being  exiled  for  some 
unknown  cause.  His  chief  works  are  elegies 
and  poems  on  mythological  sub.jeets. 

Aristophanes — the  greatest  of  the  Greek 
comic  poets,  horn  about  450  B.  C.  and  died 
380  B.  C.  He  was  a  great  satirist  as  well  as  a 
great  poet,  \vhile  he  presents  lyric  strains  of 
wild  woodland  sweetness  hardly  to  be  matched 
except  in  Shakespeare.  He  clung  to  the  old 
traditions  of  Athens.  His  ideal  was  the  plain, 
sturdy  citizen  of  the  old  school  who  beat  the 
Persians  at  Marathon. 

John  Gottlieb  Ernest  Heckewelder — a  Mo- 
ravian missionary  among  the  American  Indians, 
Avas  born  at  Bedford,  England,  March  12,  1743. 
and  died  at  Bethlehem,  Pa.,  January  21,  1823. 
His  daughter  wrote  a  letter  to  John  Shoobridge 


Williams  as  mentioned  in  the  "American  Pio- 
neers," and  other  letters  were  expected  as  con- 
tributions to  that  magazine  of  which  J.  S. 
Williams  was  the  editor. 

Page  374— 

James  II,  King  of  England,  Scotland  and 
Ireland,  1685-88,  was  born  at  St.  James's  Pal- 
ace October  14,  1633,  and  died  at  St.  Germain, 
8  miles  from  Paris,  France,  September  6,  1701. 
He  was  the  son  of  Charles  I  and  Henrietta 
Maria,  and  became  Lord  High  Admir;  1  cf  Eng- 
land on  the  accession  of  his  brother,  Charles  IF, 
in  1660.  After  he  ascended  the  British  throne 
in  1685  he  aimed  to  restore  the  Roman  Cath- 
olic Church  in  England,  granted  many  com- 
missions in  the  army  to  Roman  Catholics  and 
charged  seditious  libel  against  seven  Bishops 
who  opposed  the  reading  in  the  churches  of  his 
declaration  of  liberty  cf  conscience  for  all  d?- 
nominations.  The  trial  resulted  in  their  ac(|uit- 
tal.  but  caused  the  sending  of  an  invitatirn 
from  a  number  of  earls  and  bishops,  to  William 
of  Orange  to  save  England  from  a  Roman  Cath- 
olic tyranny.  William  landed  at  Torbay  No- 
vember 5,  1688,  and  December  22  James  II  es- 
caped to  France,  where  he  resided  at  St.  Ger- 
main, near  Paris,  under  permission  of  Lauis 
XIV.  His  expedition  to  Ireland  in  1689  re- 
sulted in  his  defeat  at  the  Battle  of  Boyne, 
July  1,   1690. 

Page  375— 

Roald  Amundsen — a  Xoi-wegian  polar  ex- 
plorer, was  born  in  Borje,  Norway,  July  16, 
1872.  In  the  four  years  (1903-07)  he  navigated 
the  whole  of  the  Northwest  Passage  in  his  ves- 
sel, the  Gjoa,  and  relocated  the  north  magnetic 
pole.  In  1910  he  sailed  for  the  Arctic,  but 
changed  to  the  Antarctic,  where  he  discovered 
the  South  Polar  Plateau. 

In  July,  1918,  he  commanded  a  north  polar 
expedition,  planning  to  drift  across  the  Arctic 
zone,  as  initiated  by  the  ill-fated  Commander 
DeLong  in  the  "Jeannette, "  entering  the  ice 
pack  at  Bering  Strait.  Amundsen,  with  his  oil- 
Inn-ning  schooner,  "Maud,"  having  an  egg- 
shaped  hull,  and  provisioned  for  seven  years. 


GLOSSARY 


left  Norway  with  the  idea  of  entering  the  ice 
near  DeLong  Islands,  in  long.  158°  E.,  or  per- 
haps off  the  New  Siberian  Islands,  long.  140° 
E. 

Robert  Edwin  Peary — the  discoverer  of  the 
Noi'th  Poh',  M-as  born  at  Cresson,  Pa.,  May  '>, 
1856,  and  died  February  20,  1920. 

In  1886,  when  30  years  old,  he  made  a  jour- 
ney to  Greenland,  advancing  over  100  miles  on 
the  interior  ice.  Again,  in  1891,  in  command 
of  an  arctic  expedition,  he  sailed  in  his  vessel, 
the  "Kite,"  along  the  northwest  coast  of 
Greenland,  discovered  new  lands,  and  named 
many  glaciers,  and  returned  in  1892.  Again 
he  sailed  in  the  "Falcon,"  July,  1893, 
for  the  northea.st  coast  of  Greenland,  plan- 
ning to  push  foi-  the  North  Pole,  but  wa  ^ 
unsuccessful  and  returned  in  September,  1895. 
In  1898  he  again  attacked  the  Pole,  making 
his  head<iuarters  at  Etah,  near  Smith  Sound, 
and  reached  lat.  83°  50'  N.,  the  highest  then  at- 
tained in  the  Western  Hemisphere.  Again  he 
reached  84°  17'  N.,  but  returned  in  September, 
1902.  He  set  out  again  in  July,  1905,  in  the 
"Roosevelt,"  wintered  on  the  northea.st  coast 
of  Grant  Land,  and  in  April,  1906,  reached 
87°  6'  N.,  but  ran  out  of  supplies  and  retui'ued. 
On  July  17.  1908,  he  sailed  in  the  "Roosevelt" 
Trom  Sidney,  Cape  Breton,  for  the  north  of 
Grant  Land.  Returning,  he  sent  a  Mireless 
from  Indian  Ilai-bor,  Lnliradni-,  on  September 
6,  1909,  that  he  had  reached  the  Pole  April  6, 
1908,  with  Henson  and  four  Eskimos.  They 
left  the  next  day  for  home.  Peary  received  the 
thanks  of  Congress  and  was  retire  1  with  the 
rank    of   Rear   Admiral    in    1911. 

Pag-e  377— 

Sir  Ernest  Henry  Shackelton— a  British  ex- 
plorei',  bti'n   at   Kilkee.  County  Kildare,  1874. 

In  1908  he  conducted  an  antarctic  expedition 
to  Macmui-do  Sound,  ascended  Mount  Erebus 
(13,120  feet)  and  pushing  south,  I'cached  lat. 
88°  23'  S.,  within  111  miles  of  the  South  Pole, 
on  January  9,  1909.  In  January.  1915,  an  ex- 
pedition under  him  sailed  from  South  Georgia 


in  the  "Endurance"  to  occup,y  winter  quarters 
on  Luitpold  Land  in  about  78°  south  latitude, 
but  was  caught  in  the  ice  floes,  drifted  several 
months  till  it  was  finally  crushed  and  sunk, 
October  27,  1915,  316  miles  from  the  nearest 
northern  land.  The  men  established  (juarters 
on  the  slowly  drifting  pack  for  nearly  six 
months,  till,  after  drifting  700  miles,  their  ice 
floe  broke  up  and  they  took  to  their  small 
boats,  by  which  they  reached  Elephant  Island 
after  ten  days"  hard  work,  and  excavated  eaves 
in  the  glacier  cliflf  for  shelter.  Here  Shackel- 
ton left  22  men  under  Wild  with  provisions  for 
five  weeks,  and  started  with  five  volunteers  on 
a  750-mile  voyage  in  a  22-foot  boat  for  South 
Georgia  for  relief.  After  20  days  he  reached  a 
Noi'wegian  whaling  station  of  South  Georgia. 
Three  unsuccessful  attempts  were  made  to  res- 
cue Wild  and  his  men,  but  a  fourth  was  suc- 
cessful, August  30,  1916,  by  means  of  the  Chil- 
ean ship  Yelcho,  in  taking  off  evei'y  man  of 
the  party.  The.y  were  all  well,  having  lived 
on  penguin,  shell  fish  and  seal. 

^leanwliile  Shackelton 's  supporting  ship,  the 
"Aurora,"  had  left  ('apt.  Mackintosh  and  five 
others  on  Cape  Crozier.  when  a  terrific  bliz- 
zard had  blown  the  ship  from  her  anchorage, 
and  caused  her  to  seek  New  Zealand,  short 
of  coal  and  provisions.  Capt.  Mackintosh  and 
companions  wei'e  in  no  danger  of  starvation, 
as  food  supplies  for  18  months  were  stored 
there  for  Shackelton 's  part.y,  and  sea  game  was 
plentiful.  In  December,  1916,  Shackelton  left 
New  Zealand  in  the  "Aurora,"  Capt.  John 
Davis  master,  to  rescue  Mackintosh,  and  in 
February,  1917,  he  brought  back  the  surviv- 
0!'s — Mackintosh  and  two  others  having  per- 
ished during  the  winter,  two  by  a  blizzard  and 
one  by  disease. 

Roosevelt — see  p.  272. 

Robert  Falcon  Scott — an  English  naval  offi- 
cer and  explorer,  born  at  Devonport,  England, 
June  6,  1868 ;  died  March  29,  1912. 

He  entered  the  navy  in  1882,  at  the  age  of 
18,  was  promoted  captain  in  1904  and  com- 
manded national  antai'ctic  expeditions  in  1900- 
04,  and  1910 


THE     WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Page  433— 

Elijah  P.  Lovejoy — an  American  clergyman 
and  journalist,  was  born  at  Albion,  Maine,  No- 
vember 9,  1802,  and  was  killed  at  Alton,  Illi- 
nois, November  7,  1837.  He  was  a  strong  op- 
ponent of  slavery,  was  driven  out  of  St.  Louis 
on  account  of  his  speeches  and  writings  against 
slavery,  and  was  killed  at  the  same  time  his 
printing  establishment  was  destroyed  by  a 
pro-slavery  mob  in  Alton.  His  press  was  dug 
up  years  later  from  the  mud  (see  Cut  No. 
272-A),  into  which  it  was  thrown  by  the  mob, 
and  is  shown  in  Cut  No.  272  of  this  history.  A 
monument  was  also  erected  in  Alton  to  his 
memory. 

Page  437— 

Gen.  James  Wilkinson — an  American  Gen- 
eral and  politician,  Avas  born  at  Benedict,  Md., 
in  1757,  and  died  near  the  city  of  Mexico  De- 
cember 28,  1825.  He  served  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary War  in  Canada  and  Saratoga,  attain- 
ing the  rank  of  Brevet  Brigadier-General;  be- 
came Secretary  of  the  Board  of  War;  was  in 
the  "Conway  Cabal"  of  1777-78,  seeking  to 
have  Gen.  Washington  superseded  by  Gates ; 
engaged  in  trade  in  the  Mississippi  Valley ;  at- 
tempted treasonably  to  detach  Kentucky  from 
the  Union  and  ally  it  with  Spain;  served  in 
the  Indian  wars,  became  Brigadier-General  in 
1792,  commanded  the  right  wing  in  Wayne's 
victory  of  Maumee  in  1794.  He  succeeded 
Wayne  as  Commander-in-Chief  of  the  Army; 
was  appointed  a  commissioner  to  receive  Lou- 
isiana from  the  French  (1803),  and  was  Gov- 
ernor of  Louisiana  1805-6.  He  built  Fort  Belle- 
fontaine  in  1806.  He  was  implicated  in  Burr's 
conspiracy  and  was  courtmartialed  in  1811,  but 
was  acciuitted.  In  1813  he  became  Major  Gen- 
eral. He  failed  as  commander  in  the  opera- 
tions against  Canada  in  the  War  of  1812,  was 
acquitted  by  a  court  of  in(|uir,v  in  1815,  but 
was  discharged  fi-om  the  service. 


James  Buchanan  Eads — an  American  engi- 
neer, was  born  at  Lawrenceburg,  Indiana,  May 
23,  1820,  and  died  at  Nassua,  New  Providence, 


Bahama  Islands,  March  8,  1887.  He  designed 
and  constructed  a  number  of  iron-clads  and 
mortar-boats  for  use  on  the  ilississippi  River 
during  the  Civil  War;  constructed  the  Eteel 
arch  bridge  across  tire  Mississippi  at  St.  Louis 
in  1867-74  (see  Crt  No.  285),  and  was  subse- 
queutl.v  employed  by  Congress  to  effect  the 
deepening  and  rendering  permanent  the  chan- 
nel at  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi  by  means 
of  jetties  according  to  a  plan  devised  by  him, 
which  is  still  in  successful  operation  and  ex- 
tension at  the  present  day. 


Frances  Parker  Laughton  Mace — poet  «hom 
Whittier  called  "The  sweet  singer  of  ilaine, " 
was  born  at  Orono,  Me.,  January  15,  1836,  and 
died  in  San  Jose,  Cal.,  1899.  She  graduated 
at  Bangor  High  School  1852,  and  married  Ben- 
jamin H.  Mace,  a  lawyer  of  that  city,  in  1855. 
In  1885  she  removed  to  San  Jose,  Cal.  One 
of  her  poems,  beginning  "Only  waiting  till  the 
shadows  are  a  little  longer  grown,"  was  first 
published  in  the  "Waterville  (Me.)  Mail"  in 
1854,  and  has  become  very  widely  known  as 
set  to  music.  She  published  "Legends,  Lyrics 
and  Sonnets"  (Boston,  1883),  "Under  Pine 
and  Palm,"  a  collection  of  poems  referring  to 
Maine  and  California  (1887),  besides  contribu- 
tions to  magazines  which  include  "Israfil," 
■'Easter  Morning"  and  "The  Kingdom  of  a 
Child." 

Mark  Antony  (L.  Marcus  Antonius) — a  Ro- 
man triumvir  and  general  and  gi'andson  of 
Marcus  Antonius,  the  orator.  He  Avas  born 
about  83  B.  C.  and  died  by  his  own  hand  at 
Alexandria,  Egypt,  after  his  defeat  at  Aectium 
in  31  B.  C.  by  Octavian.  He  was  a  prominent 
adherent  of  Caesar,  but  after  Caesar's  death 
he  was  denounced  by  Cicero,  fled  from  Rome, 
defeated  Brutus  and  Cassius  at  Philippi,  sum- 
moned Cleopatra  to  Asia  Minor,  and  afterwards 
followed  her  to  Alexandria,  where  he  lived 
chiefly,  until 'his  death  ten  years  later.  In 
Shakespeare's  tragedy  "Antony  and  Cleopat- 
ra, "his  character  is  shown  much  stnnigerthan 
it  appears  from  other  accounts. 


GLOSSARY 


Page  470— 

George  Graham  Vest — an  Ameiicau  lawyer, 
was  born  at  Frankfort,  KJ^,  December  6,  1830, 
and  died  at  Sweet  Springs,  Mo..  Augjst  9, 
1904.  He  graduated  from  Centre  College,  Dan- 
ville, Ky.,  in  1848,  and  from  the  law  department 
of  Transylvania  College  in  1853;  moved  to 
Georgetown,  Mo.,  and  in  1856  to  Boonville, 
Mo.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Missouri  Legis- 
lature in  1860-61 ;  served  in  the  Confederate 
Army  in  the  summer  of  1861,  and  in  the  fall  of 
the  same  j^ear  was  elected  to  the  Confederate 
Congress,  where  he  served  three  years.  After 
the  war  he  practiced  law  in  Sedalia,  Mo.,  and 
in  1879  was  elected  to  the  U.  S.  Senate  and  was 
re-elected  in  1885,  1890  and  1897.  He  was  prom- 
inent as  a  committeeman  in  the  Senate,  earned 
a  national  reputation  as  a  debater  and  was  a 
recognized  leader  in  national  affairs.  He  was 
the  last  member  of  the  Confederacy  to  act  as  a 
member  of  Congress. 

Page  471— 

George  Nowel  Gordon  Byron  was  Lord  Byrcn 

of  England,  born  in  Londmi  January  22,  1788, 
and  died  at  Missolonghi,  Gi'eeee,  April  19,  1824. 
A  celebrated  English  poet.  He  was  son  of 
John  Byron,  captain  in  the  Parliamentary 
Guai'ds,  and  traces  back  his  family  history  to 
the  Norman  conquest  of  1066  A.  D.  His  chief 
work  in  poetry  was  "Childe  Harold,"  but  he  is 
known  widely  by  many  i  tlv  r  poems.  H.'  lived 
at  Ravenna,  Pisa  and  Grnoa,  Italy,  after  he 
left  England,  and  wjiile  in  Italy  he  took  an 
active  interest  in  the  revolutionary  movement 
of  the  Carbonari.  In  1823  he  joined  the  Greek 
Insurgents  and  in  1824  he  became  comniander- 
in-cbief  at  Missolonghi,  Greece,  where  he  died 
of  fever.  He  wrote  "The  Corsair"  (1814), 
"Lara"  (1814),  "Prisoner  of  Chillon"  and 
other  poems  (1816),  "Mazeppa"  (1819),  "Den 
Juan"   (1819-24). 

Page  491— 

Antoninus  Pius — Emperor  of  Rome,  138  161 
A.  D.,  was  liorn  near  Lanuvium,  Italy.  Sejitem- 
b.i'  19,  86  A.  D.,  and  died  at  Lo:-ium,  Italy, 
March  7,  161  A.  D.,  in  his  75th  year.     He  was 


consul  and  proconsul  under  Hadrian,  Roman 
Emperor,  and  was  adopted  by  him  in  138  A.  D. 

His  placid  temper  allowed  his  people  the  full 
enjoyment   of  his  peaceful  reign  of  23  years. 

Marcus  Aurelius  Antoninus — a  celebrated  Ro- 
man Emperor  (161-180  A.  D.),  nephew  of  An- 
toninus Pins,  was  born  at  Rome  Api-il  20,  121 
A.  D.,  and  died  in  Panonia  March  17,  180  A.  D  , 
at  the  age  of  59. 

He  is  frequently  called  "The  Philosopher" 
because  of  his  devotion  to  philosophy  and  lit- 
erature. Pie  had  a  wise  and  prosperous  reign 
of  19  years.  He  wrote  a  work  in  Greek  callel 
"The  Meditations  of  Marcus  Aurelius,"  parts 
of  which  are  often  (|uoted.  His  statue  in  Rome 
is  the  finest  piece  of  ancient  bi-onze  work  sur- 
viving, and  was  placed  on  its  present  pedestal 
in  1538  by  Michael  Angelo. 

William  Cullen  Bryant — a  noted  American 
poet  and  journalist,  was  luirn  at  Cummington, 
Mass.,  Novembers,  17'.)-t,  and  dii-d  at  New  York 
June  12,  1878,  in  his  84th  year.  He  studied  at 
Williams  College  1810-11,  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1815.  In  1817,  at  the  age  of  23,  he  pub- 
lished "Thanatopsis, "  and  a  volume  of  poetry 
in  1821.  Giving  up  the  practice  of  law,  he  Avas 
appointed  (1826)  to  a  place  on  the  New  York 
"Evening  Post,"  and  three  years  later  became 
its  editor-in-chief  and  part  owner. 

In  1832  he  published  a  collection  of  his 
poems,  in  1870  a  translation  of  the  "Iliad," 
and  the  next  yeai-  of  the  "Odyssey."" 

As  edit<n-  of  the  "Evening  Post"  he  opposed 
the  extension  of  slavery  and  supported  the 
Union. 

Page  492— 

Thomas  Gray — an  English  poet,  wa-s  born 
at  London  December  26,  1716,  and  died  at  Cam- 
bridye  July  30,  1771.  He  refused  the  laureate- 
shi]i  in  1757  and  became  professor  of  modern 
history  at  Cambridge  in  1768. 


His  best-known  work  is  the  poem. 
Written  in  a  Country  Churchyard." 


'Elegy 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Page  492— 

Sir  Walter  Raleig'h — an  English  courtier,  cf- 
ficer.  c;iloni2er,  historian  and  poet,  was  born 
at  Hayes,  Devonshire,  England,  in  1552,  and 
was  executed  at  London  October  29,  1618. 
Leaving  Oriel  College,  Oxford,  he  entered  the 
Huguenot  Army  in  1569,  and  seven  years  later 
returned  to  England.  In  1580  he  commanded 
an  English  company  at  Mnnster,  Ireland,  and 
in  1582  he  was  in  Leicester's  suite  at  Antwerp. 
He  was  a  favorite  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  and 
every  school  boy  knows  the  incident  of  his 
spreading  his  cloak  in  the  muddy  path  for  her 
to  walk  on,  by  which  he  attracted  her  notico. 
In  1558  he  obtained  a  charter  of  colonizaticn 
and  sent  Amadas  and  Bai'low  to  explore  the 
region  that  he  called  "Virginia'"  after  the 
Queen.  In  1586  he  introduced  the  potato  into 
Munster,  which  has  been  the  favorite  food  of 
Ireland  ever  since.  In  1588  he  took  an  active 
part  against  the  Armada.  He  introduced  the 
poet  Spenser  to  Queen  Elizabeth  and  per- 
suaded him  to  publish  the  "Faerie  Queene." 
For  his  seduction  and  marriage  of  Elizabeth 
Throgmorton  he  was  imprisoned  in  the  Tower. 
In  1584  he  obtained  a  charter  of  colonization 
the  Orinoco  Rivei-.  In  the  next  year  he  com- 
manded a  squadron  under  Howard  and  Essex 
in  the  expedition  which  destroyed  the  Spanish 
fleet  at  Cadiz,  and  a  year  later  he  captured 
Fayal,  in  the  Azores.  On  the  accession  of 
James  I  in  1603,  Raleigh  was  charged  with  a 
plot  to  place  Arabella  Stuart  on  the  throne, 
and  was  imprisoned  in  the  Tower,  where  he 
devoted  himself  to  chemical  experiments  and 
wrote  all  of  his  "History  of  the  World"  that 
was  ever  finished.  In  1616  he  was  released  to 
command  another  expedition  to  Guiana  and 
the  Orinoco,  which  was  a  failure,  aiul  on  his 
return  he  was  condemned  and  executed. 

Page  494^ 

Requiescat  in  pace — a  latin  phrase  meaning, 
"May  he  rest  in  peace." 

Harold  M.  Plaisted,  editor  of  the  Williams 
History,  Mas  born  at  Bangor,  Me.,  March  12, 
1861,  and  is  the  oldest  sou  of  Harris  Merrill 
Plaisted  (Maj.  Gen.  U.  S.  V.,  1865;  Atty.  Gen. 


Me.,  1873-75 ;  member  44th  Congress,  1875-77 ; 
author  of  Maine  Digest,  1880;  Governor  of 
Maine,  1881-2^,  and  Sarah  Jane  fMa;;on)  Plais- 
ted. 

He  graduated  1881  University  of  Maine,  and 
1883  Stevens  Institute  of  Technology ;  Car  Con- 
struction Dept.  C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry.,  Milwaukee, 
Wis.,  1884-88;  Barney  &  Smith  Car  Co.,  Day- 
ton, 0.,  1889 ;  was  Patent  Solicitor,  Springfield, 
0.,  1889-93,  then  came  to  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  stud- 
ied law  in  the  Law  Dept.  Washington  Univer- 
sity and  was  admitted  to  the  St.  Louis  Bar 
1899 ;  structural  engineer  Louisiana  Purchase 
Exposition,  1902-04;  Mech.  Engr.  American 
Steel  Foundries,  Granite  City,  111.,  1904-13; 
Commonwealth  Steel  Co.,  1914;  Mech.  Engr. 
Williams  Patent  Crusher  and  Pulverizer  Co., 
1915,  and  since  January  2,  1918,  has  been  re- 
tained as  patent  attorney  for  applications  for 
patents,  trade-marks,  etc.,  in  the  United  States 
and  foreign  countries,  and  also  as  Editor  of  the 
Williams  History;  member  of  the  American 
Bar  Association,  1920. 

April  20,  1904,  he  married  Marjorie  Hannah 
Hudson  of  St.  Louis  (Washington  Univ.,  1901), 
by  whom  he  had  two  sons:  Harris  Hudson 
Plaisted,  born  April  15,  1905,  died  May  8, 1911 ; 
and  Roger  Carruth  Plaisted,  horn  May  5,  1908. 
His  wife  died  of  heart  disease  April  11,  1920. 

John  Greenleaf  Whittier — born  Haverhill. 
Mass.,  December  17,  1807,  and  died  Hampton 
Falls,  N.  H.,  September  7,  1892.  A  distinguished 
American  poet,  reformer  and  author;  member 
of  the  Society  of  Friends  and  often  called  "The 
Quaker  Poet."  He  was  a  leading  opponent  of 
Slavery  and  was  Secretary  (1836)  of  the  Amer- 
ican Anti-Slavery  Society,  and  in  Philadelphia 
edited  the  "Pennsylvania  Freeman."  He  was 
several  times  attacked  by  mobs  on  account  of 
his  opinions.  He  settled  in  Amesbury  in  1840. 
Among  his  works  are  "Legends  of  New  Eng- 
land," "Mogg  IMegone, ■'  "Voices  of  Free- 
dom,'' "Home  Ballads  and  Poems,"  "In  War 
Time"  (1863),  "Snowbound"  (1866),  "Maud 
Muller,"  "The  Tent  on  the  Beach"  (1867), 
"Among  the  Hills"  (1868),  "The  Pen-^sylvau'a 
Pilgrim"  (1872),  "jMabel  Martin"  (1875), 
"Bay  of  the  Seven  Islands"  (1883),  "St.  Greg- 


GLOSSARY 


ory's  Guest"  (1886).  His  complete  works  in 
prose  and  verse  in  seven  volumes  (1889-99) 
were  revised  by  the  author. 

Page  498— 

Halicamussus  (modern  Budrum) — an  an- 
cient Greek  city  on  the  southwest  coast  of 
Caria,  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Ceramic  Gulf  or  Gulf 
of  Cos.  Originally  the  city  occupied  only  the 
small  island  of  Zephyria,  close  to  the  shore,  and 
here  was  built  the  great  castle  of  St.  Peter  in 
1404  by  the  Knights  of  Rhodes,  formerly 
Knights  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem,  who  used  the 
ruins  of  the  Mausoleum  as  a  quarry  to  obtain 
stone  to  build  their  castle. 

In  1857-59  Sir  Charles  T.  Newton  excavated 
the  ruins  of  the  Mausoleum,  and  sent  the  price- 
loss  relies  of  art  and  sculpture  to  the  British 
Museum,  by  which  a  fairly  complete  restoration 
of  its  design  was  possible. 

Pythius  or  Pythis — one  of  the  most  noted 
Greek  architects  of  the  later  age.  He  culti- 
vated the  Ionic  style,  in  wliich  he  constructed 
the  temple  of  Athena  at  Priene,  tlie  dedicatory 
inscription  of  which  is  in  the  British  Museum. 
He  also  made  a  great  marble  (|uadriga,  which 
surmounted  the  Mausoleum  at  Halicarnassus. 

Bryaxis — one  cf  the  great  sculptors  who 
^\()iked  on  the  Mausoleum  witi  Scopas,  Leo- 
chares  and  Timotheus.  A  base  found  in  Athens 
sculptuied  with  tigui-es  of  horsemen  in  7-clief, 
bears  tlic  iiann'  of  Bi'vaxis,  and  \vns  pi-obably 
made  by  one  of  his  ))upils. 

Scopas — a  celebrated  Greek  sculptor  and 
architect,  was  born  in  the  island  of  Paros  about 
420  B.  C.  After  25  years  at  Athens,  he  went 
to  Halicarnassus  to  superintend  the  sculpture 
of  the  Mausoleum  (.see  Cut  No.  289).  Fi'ag- 
nients  from  this  monument  in  the  British  Mu- 
seum are  probably  the  only  authentic  examples 
of  his  style,  which  was  highly  ideal  and  sympa- 
thetic, and  was  characterized  by  the  term 
Pathos  in   the  old  writers. 

Leochares — an  Athenian  scnlptoi-  and  pupil 
of  Scopas.  He  lived  about  the  middle  of  the 
4th  eentuiy,  B.   C,  and  was  a'-sociated  with 


Scopas  on  the  Mausoleum  of  Halicarnassus.  The 
Ganymede  and  eagle  of  the  Vatican  is  supposed 
to  be  a  copy  of  his  celebrated  Avork. 

Page  499— 

Knights  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem,  known 
later  as  the  Knights  of  Rhodes,  and  also  as  the 
Sovereign  Order  of  the  Knights  of  Malta — an 
order  founded  in  Jerusalem  during  the  First 
Crusade,  later  (1309-10)  located  at  Rhodes  un- 
til expelled  in  1522;  from  1529  to  1798  its 
headquarters  were  in  Malta ;  in  1798  it  was 
virtually  dismembered,  but  has  been  gradually 
reconstituted  to  the  present  day.  Medieval 
legends  give  King  Antiochus  as  the  founder  of 
the  order  in  the  days  of  the  Maccabees,  with 
Zacharias,  the  father  cf  John  the  Baptist,  as 
one  of  the  tirst  masters.  About  1023  certain 
merchants  of  Amalfi  had  purchased  the  site  of 
the  Latin  hospice  established  by  Charlemagne 
that  was  destroyed  in  1010  by  the  fanatical 
Caliph,  Harkin  Bianu-illah,  and  there  foimded 
a  hospital  for  pilgrims  served  by  Benedictine 
monks  and  dedicated  to  St.  John  the  Baptist. 
In  1087,  when  Jerusalem  was  surrounded  by 
Ci-usaders,  the  head  of  the  order  was  a  Gerard, 
who  helped  the  besiegers,  and  after  the  eap- 
tui-e  of  the  city  the  hospital  was  enlarged. 
After  the  death  of  Gerard  (Sept.  3,  1120),  Ra.y- 
inond  du  Puy  became  grand  master,  and  is 
said  to  have  divided  the  oi'der  into  knights, 
chaplains  and  sergeants,  and  in  the  capture  of 
Ascalon  (Aug.  19,  1153)  Raymond  du  Puy  and 
his  knights  had  a  conspicuous  share.  From  an 
order  of  poverty  and  lowly  monks,  it  increased 
in  wealth  and  power,  I'cceiving  endowments 
from  kings  and  nobles  and  privileges  from  suc- 
cessive popes,  until  its  growth  in  wealth  and 
authority  was  beyond  calculation.  Ra.ymond 
died  between  1158-60,  and  under  his  suceessoi-, 
Gilbert  d'Assailly,  the  Hospitallers  participatrd 
in  the  abortive  expeditions  into  Egypt  of  Amal- 
I'ic  of  Jerusalem  in  1162,  1168  and  1169,  and 
he  resigned.  The  i-ival  order  of  the  Templars 
engaged  in  scandalous  quarrels  with  the  Hos- 
pitallers, and  in  1179  the  growing  power  of  the 
two  militai-y  oi'ders  received  its  first  setback 
when  the  Lateran  Council  forbade  them  to  re- 
ceive gifts  from  churches  and  laymen  without 
the  consent  of  the  bishops.     In  1186  Saladin, 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Sultan  of  Egypt,  began  his  systematic  conquest 
of  the  Kingdom;  on  May  1,  1187,  Gilbert  des 
Moulins,  grand  master  of  the  Hospitallers,  fell 
riddled  with  arrows  in  their  defeat  at  Tiberias, 
and  two  months  later  at  the  battle  of  Hitton. 
the  flower  of  the  Christian  chivalry  was  slain 
or  captured.  The  following  October,  Jerusa- 
lem fell.  The  next  ten  years  saw  the  develop- 
ment and  steady  restoration  of  the  propertj^ 
and  privileges  of  the  order,  until  in  1198  the 
Teutonic  knights,  in  spite  of  the  pi'otests  of 
the  Hospitallers,  were  established  as  a  separate 
order. 

During  the  two  centuries  in  which  the  order 
had  its  head(|uarters  at  Rhodes,  it  delayed  by 
that  length  of  time,  Ottoman  naval  power  in 
the  Mediterranean,  as  the  seaward  advance 
of  Osman  the  Turk  was  arrested  by  their  vic- 
tories. In  1395,  however,  the  Hospitallers 
shared  the  disastrous  defeat  of  Nieropolis,  fol- 
lowed t\v  the  capture  of  Smyrna  in  1402,  by 
Timur,  who  put  the  Hospitallers  who  defended 
it  to  the  swoi'd.  It  was  after  tliis  defeat  the 
Hospitallers  built  the  Fortress  of  St.  Peter,  the 
Liberator,  on  a  promontory  opposite  the  island 
of  Cos,  and  it  Avas  long  a  place  of  refuge  for 
Christians  flying  from  slavery.  The  building 
materials  were  largely  taken  from  the  ruins 
of  the  Mausoleum  of  Halicamassus.  The  castle 
still  stands.  In  1522  the  dreaded  Sultan  Sulu- 
man  the  Magnificent  besieged  Rhodes,  and  a 
year  later  the  Knights  capitulated  and  were 
allowed  to  withdraw  to  Crete.  In  1530,  the 
Hospitallers  were  given  the  island  of  Malta  and 
the  fortress  of  Tripoli  in  Africa,  by  the  Em- 
peror Charles  V. 

Malta  was  the  headquarters  of  the  order  till 
1798.  The  French  Revolution  was  fatal  to  the 
order,  as  their  vast  possessions  in  France  were 
confiscated  in  1792,  and  in  1798  Bonaparte, 
after  a  few  days'  siege,  captured  the  fortifica- 


tions of  ]\Ialta,  but  allowed  the  Hospitallers  to 
retire  to  Trieste,  taking  with  them  their  pre- 
cious relics:  the  hand  of  John  the  Baptist,  the 
miraculous  image  of  Our  Lady  of  Philermo  and 
a  fi-agment  of  the  true  cross. 

This  practically  ended  the  history  of  the  or- 
der, though  efforts  Avere  made  to  preserve  it  in 
Austi'ia,  France  and  Spain. 

Page  SCO- 
Hadrian — a  Roman  Emperor,   117-138,    and 

nephew  of  Trajan,  whom  he  succeeded.  Hl' 
was  born  at  Rome  January  24,  76  A.  D.,  and 
died  in  Italy  July  10,  138,  in  his  63rd  year, 
lished  the  Euphrates  River  as  the  eastern  boun- 
He  renounced  the  policy  cf  conquest  and  estab- 
daiy  (if  the  empire.  The  Hadrian  Wall  in  Brit- 
ain was  built  by  him  against  the  Picts  and 
Scots. 

Page  501 — 

Taj  Mahal  (^tazh  mahal')  means  the  "Gem  of 
Biiilding-s. "  A  famous  mausoleum  erected  at 
Ag]'a,  India,  by  Shah  Jehan  for  his  favorite 
wife.  It  stands  on  a  platform  of  white  marble 
18  feet  high  and  313  feet  square.  The  mauso- 
leum itself  is  186  feet  stiuare  with  corners  cut 
ofi:,  and  minarets  133  feet  high  at  the  angles. 
The  pointed  bulbous  dome  is  210  feet  in  height. 
Delicately  pierced  marble  screens  at  the  win- 
dows admit  the  only  light.  The  walls  are  in- 
laid with  bloodstone,  agate  and  jasper,  forming 
flower  motifs  and  arabesques.  (See  Cut  No. 
290.) 

Westminster  Abbey— a  famous  church  in 
Westminster,  London,  founded  on  the  sit«  of 
an  earlier  church  by  Edward  the  Confessor  in 
the  11th  century,  rebuilt  in  the  13th  century 


GLOSSARY 


by  Henry  III  and  Edward  I.  The  chapel  of 
Henry  VII  was  added  on  the  east  end  in  the 
16th  centnry  by  that  king.  The  dimensions 
over  all  are  513  feet  l)y  75  feet,  length  of  tran- 
septs 200  feet,  and  height  of  vaulting  102  feet. 
The  interior  is  extremely  impressive.  The  hand- 
some reredos  of  red  and  white  alabaster  is  mod- 
ern, as  are  also  the  choir  stalls.  Henry  VII's 
chapel  has  five  radiating  chapels,  and  its  rich 
stalls,  each  having  a  suspended  sword  and 
banner,  are  appropriated  to  the  knights  and 
squires  of  the  Bath.  The  abbey  is  world  fa- 
mous as  the  burial-place  of  Great  Britain's 
distinguished  men.  The  south  ti-ausept  consti- 
tutes the  famous  "Poet's  Corner"  and  contains 
memorials  to  a  large  number  of  names  honored 
in  English  literature.     (See  Cut  No.  291.) 

Page  SOS- 
Valhalla — in  old  Norse  mythology,  was  the 
abode  of  Odin  in  Asgard.  Originally  it  desig- 
nated the  realm  of  the  dead,  but  in  Viking 
times  it  was  understood  to  be  the  warriors' 
paradise,  to  which  could  go  only  those  who 
were  slain  in  battle.  It  was  therefore  regarded 
by  the  Vikings  as  a  region  of  joy,  containing 
an  immense  building  roofed  with  gold,  through 
the  hundred  doors  of  which  the  warrior  spirits 
"trooped  forth  each  da.v  to  battle,  and  returned 
at  night  to  drink  and  feast  with  Odin  as  host, 
while  the  Valkyrs  bore  about  the  mead  horns. 

Page  521— 

Sir  John  Bernard  Burke,  an  English  genealo- 
gist, Ulster  king  at  arms,  was  born  at  London 
January  5,  1814,  and  died  at  Dublin  December 
12,  1892.  He  was  the  editor  of  Burke's  Peer- 
age, a  list  of  lords  of  the  realm  which  was  es- 
tablished by  his  father,  John  Bnrke,  in  1826, 
and  is  a  recognized  authority.  He  is  also  the 
author  of  "Dictionary  of  the  Landed  Gentry" 
(1833-49). 


THE  INFRINGER 

A  dishonest  man,  the  greatest  of  cowards, 
devoid  of  independence,  devoid  of  purpose,  de- 
void of  principle,  and  a  menace  to  the  com- 
munity.— M.   F.   Williams. 

1. 

Who  copies  what  he  has  no  right" 
Who  steals  another's  idea  bright? 
Who  would  rather  run  than  fight"' — 
The   Infringer. 


Who  lurks  in  murky  corners  dim? 
Who  tolls  my  customers  to  him? 
Who  lies  and  cheats  with  devil's  vini?- 
The  Infringer. 

3. 

Who  has  a  purpose  low  and  mean! 
Who  knows  no  right  he  has  not  seen? 
Who  Chinese  copies  my  machine? — 
The   Infrino-er. 


Who  advertises  "just  as  good"? 
Who  copies  cuts  as  made  on  wood? 
Who  'd  steal  my  good  name  if  he  could  ? — • 
The  Infringer. 


Who  seeks  to  bribe  my  office  force? 
Who  pays  my  draftsman  more,  of  course? 
Who  undermines  my  working  force? — 
The  Infringer. 


Who  has  no  principle  but  vile? 
Who  lacks  all  truth  but  has  much  guile? 
Who's  not  Sfiua7-e  as  a   three-cornered  file?- 
The  Infringer. 


Whose  honesty  is  simply  naught? 
Whose  obligation  is  not  sought? 
Who  menaces  until  he's  caught? — 
The   Infringer. 


THE  WILLIAMS  HISTORY 


INDEX 


— A— 

Aaron  DeWees,  108. 
Ab  Gwiym,   11. 

(4)  Abigail    Dillingham,  380,   389. 

(3)  Abigail  Williams   (Fawcett),  380,  381,  388,  389. 
Abraham  Lincoln,  220,  238,  272,  326,  368,  470,  474,501. 

576. 
(4-M)    Abram    Maris,  390. 
Adaline  Clark,  409. 
Adam    Henthorn,    121. 
Addison   Blackford,   179. 
Aesop,  371,  585. 
Agassiz,   272,   575. 
A.   G.  Olds,  481. 
A.    K.    Halteman,  444. 

(5)  Albert  W.  Gibbons,  407,  408. 
Albert   Hampe.   183-185. 
Alexander   Blakely,  427. 
Alexander    Clark,   409. 
Alexander  Graham    Bell,  361,  584. 
Alexander  Voegtiy,   124,  125. 
Alexander   Winans,   257. 

(4)  Alfred    Dillingham,  380,  389. 
Alice  Crosby   Clifton,  422,  425. 

(4-M)    Alice   Huddlstone    (Williams),   103,  416,  419. 

(4)  Alice  Roberta  Williams,  99,  241,  382,  398,  399,403. 

(5)  Alice  Starbuck,  394. 
Allen   McNiell,  416,  421. 

(4-M)   Almeda   Bailey   (Garretson),  391,  392. 

A.   L.   Shapleigh,  337. 

Alvin  T.  Simpkins,  450. 

Ambrose   Croker,   47. 

Amos   H.  Hampton,  222,  250,  397,  398,  412. 

Amundsen,  375,  586. 

(5)    Amy   Williams,   103,  385,  416,  419. 

Andrew    Carnegie,    272,    574. 

(4-M)    Andrew  J.    Baggs,  394,  395. 

Andrew    Jackson,    272,    578. 

(4)  Anna    Belle   Van    VIeck    (Owen),   66,  95,   103,   386, 
426,  427,  428. 

(5)  Anna    Belle    Owen,    103,   386,  426,  428,   524. 
(4)   Anna   Beman   (Swain),  103,  385,  420,  423. 
Anna    B.    Bundy    (Hampton),   250. 

(5-M)    Annabel    (wife  of  Carl    Farmer),  103. 

Anna    B.   Hampton,  486,  558. 

(4)   Anna   Doudna,  381,  391. 

(4)  Anna  Garretson    (Gibbons),  381,  391. 

(4)   Anna  Gibbons   (Spencer),  383,  407,  408. 

(5-M)    Anna  Giffin    (DeWees),  408,  409. 

(4)    Anna    Hampton,   383,  403,  406. 


(6)    Anna  Louise  Damron,  103,  386,  420,  423. 

(6)   Anna  Louise  DuBose,  386,  420,  423. 

(4-M)  Anna   McKittrick  (Farmer),  wife  of  Charles  E. 

Farmer,   103,  424,  427. 
(5)    Anna   Patterson,        397. 
Anna  Pierpont,  155. 
Anna  Steer,  155. 
(5)    Anna    Viola    Swain    (DuBose),    103,   385,   386,   420, 

423. 
Anna  Williams,  227. 
Anne   Patterson,  417. 
(3)    Anne    Shoebridge     Williams    (Beman),    103,    384, 

385,  414,  415,  420,  421,  423. 
(3)    Anne     Williams    (Patterson-Dodd),    96,    382,    392, 

398,  399,  400. 
(4-M)    Annie  Voick   (Williams),  416,  421. 
Ann  Shipley,  409. 
(1-M)    Anne  Shoebridge    (Williams),  17,  18,  64,  72,  75, 

76,  98,  108,  387,  388,  390,  400,  424,  536. 
Anson   Fowler,  425. 
Anthony    Ittner,  188. 
Anthony    Smith,    180. 
Antoninus  Pius,  489,  589. 
A.  P.  Husband,  325. 
Aquillia  A.   Bolton,  93. 
Archimedes.  371.  585. 
Aristophanes,    371,   586. 
Artemisia,  498. 
Arthur,    Prince,   8,    14,   566. 

(5)  Arthur   Franklin   Williams,  99,  176,  200,  208,  213, 
216,  221,  228,  263,  314,  334,  335,  383,  400,  401. 

Arthur   Franklin  Williams,  Jr.,  opp.  p.  232. 
(5-M)    Arthur   L.  Walling.  394,  395. 
Arthur   Mabson,  532. 
Arthur  McKeogh,  579,  580. 

(6)  Arthur  Thompson    Walling,   395. 
(5-M)  Arthur  Walling,  255. 
Artosthense,  371. 

(3)   Asa  Garretson,  381,  391. 

(3)   Asa  Williams,  380,  381,  389,  390. 

(3)    Asenath    Garretson    (Doudna),  248,   381,  391. 

August   Dehner,   444. 

Auguste   Chouteau,  429,  430. 

August  A.  Neman,  186. 

A.  W.  Douglas,  325,  328. 


Barber   Milling   Company,  J 
Barnaby  Clark,  249. 
Bartholeum   Barthold,  432. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


B.   B.  Graham,   184. 

(6)    Beatrice  Williams,  103. 

Belcher's  Grove,  432. 

(5)  Belle    Ruth   Garretson,  381-392. 
(4)    Benezetle   Williams,  381,  390. 
Benjamin    Anderson,    151,    152. 
Benjamin   Franklin,  272,  371,  577. 

(3)    Benjamin    Franklin    Williams,    97,    103,   255, 

384,  414,  415,  416,  417,  424. 
Ben  Johnson,  258. 
Benjamin   F.  Thornhill,   186. 
Benjamin  Patterson,  417. 
Benjamin  Stanton,  72,  96,  388,  535. 
(3-M)    Benjamin  T.  Stone,  66,  69,  95,  96,  103,  421. 

(3)  Benjamin    Williams,    389. 

(4)  Benjamin   Williams,  381,  390. 
Bennett,  163. 

Bert    Edward    Barnes,  353. 

Best  &  Sparks,  436. 

B.  Gratz  Brown,  433. 

B.   H.  Arnold,  369. 

Blake    Milling    Company,    328. 

Booker  T.   Washington,  272,  475,   576. 

Borden  Stanton,  64,  72,  125,  411. 

Borrow,  George,  8. 

BoEworth    Field,   9,  568. 

(6)  Bouvier  Ayres,  386,  423. 
Bowne,  163. 

Bradney  Thomas,  409. 
Bruce  Miller,  256. 
Bryaxis,    498,    591. 
Burke's    Peerage,  521,   593. 
Butcher  &   Yokum,   156. 


(4)  Cadwallader  Williams,  381,  390. 
Cardiff,  14,  570. 

Carnarvon,   9,  567. 
Caesar,    6,    469,    566. 
Caleb    Brundage,   190. 

(5)  Caleb   Dawson,  381,  391. 
Cameron,   Evan,   11,  569. 
Camp    Spring    Mill,  442. 
Capt.   Calvin   Chase,   432. 
Capt.   Amos   Stoddard,  431. 
Capt.  Jacob   Reed,  432. 

Capt.    Robert   McCullough,  433. 

Capt.   Tabor,   557. 

Calvin   Adams,  431. 

(5-M)   Carl  Dean  Crites,  412-415. 

(5)   Carl   Prescott  Farmer,  103,  386,  424,  425. 

(5)    Carl   Worral,  397. 

Carteret    Lodge   Co.,   32,   33,   73. 

C.  E.  Haase,  334,  335. 

Celts,    4,   565. 

(4-M)   Chalkley   Dawson,  391. 

(4)  Charles  Edward  Farmer,  103,  386,  424,  425,  427 

(4)   Charles  F.  Williams,  384,  416,  417. 

Charles  Harpur,  325. 


(5-M)    Charles   Henry   Bartlett,  402. 

(4)    Charles   Joseph   Stanley,  331,   390.    ■ 

(6)   Charles  Lawrence  Dunlavy,  382,  398,  399. 

Charles  O'Neal,   126,   151. 

(5-M)   Charles  Pleasant  Damron,  103,  420,  423. 

Charles   Schwab,   359. 

Charles  Shradcr,  416,  419. 

Charles  T.    Henning,  484. 

(5  M)    Charles  T.  Clark,  407,  408. 

Charles  T.    Newton,  5C0,  591. 

Charles  Williams,  103,  3S5,  418,  421. 

(4)  Charles  W.  Van   VIeck,  103,  386,  426,  427. 
Chaucer,  11,  569. 

Christ   Neale,  535. 

Clarence    Hanson,  189. 

(6)   Clifford  DuBose,  103,  386,  420,  423. 

(6)   Clifton  DuBose,  386,  420,  423. 

(5)  Clifton   DeWees,  408,  409. 
(5)    Clair  Murdock,  333,  402,  403. 
Clair  Murdock,  Mrs.,  206. 

(5)  Clara    B.    Gibbons,    408,    409. 
Clara  Bird  Gray,  412,  413. 

(5-M)    Colven  Bird  Gray,  412,  413. 

Constance  White,  514. 

(4-M)   Cora  E.  Lee   (Williams),  416,  419. 

Cornelius    Harnet,    529. 

Col.  Jack  Throckmorton,  257. 

Col.  John  Gibbons  Craddock,  258. 

Col.  William  J.   Hensley,  311. 

Cro-Magnon,  2,  563. 

Cromwell,   7,    14,  566. 

Crowell    R.    Hollingshead,   580. 

C.  W.  Wever,  93. 

C.   W.   Risley,  260. 

Cyrus  K.  Curtis,  358,  371. 

(6)  Christina  Elizabeth  Williams,  385,  419. 
Christina   Myers  Huddleston,  416,  419. 

(5)  Christina   Williams,   103,  385,  416,  419. 

(6)  ChriEtne   Elizabeth   Williams,  103,  416. 
Christopher  Columbus,   272,   576. 
Christopher  Latham  Sholes,  363,  364. 
Curtiss  Chandler,  138. 

Czolgosz,  574. 


Damon,    61,    571. 

(5-M)   Damon   Pythias  Webster,  398,  399,  401. 

Daniel    Hampton,   558. 

(3  M)   Daniel  Osborn,  389,  390. 

Daniel    R.   Witmore,  221. 

Daniel  Webster,  258,  272,  353,  368,  577. 

Darwin,  2,  564. 

Dafydd   sp   Gwilym,   11,  569. 

David    (King),  343. 

David   Barnum,  448. 

David   Beman,  420,  421. 

(4)    David  Bundy,  382,  397. 

David  Gibson,  162. 

David  Null,  123,  125. 


David   R.   Francis,  482. 
David  S.  Jones,  32,  96. 
David   Strawbridge,  183. 
(3)    David  Williams,  380,  389. 
(4-M)    David   Winder,  407,  408. 

(3)  Dearman  Williams,  380,  381,  338,  389. 

(4)  Deborah   Ann    Williams,   381,  390. 
(4)    Deborah    Dillingham,  380,  389. 

<4)    Deborah   Fawcett,  381,  389. 

(3)  Deborah  Williams   (Osborn),  380,  381,  389. 
Decan   Williams,  98. 

Delassus,  431. 

(5-M)    Delbert  William  Moore,  398,  399,  401. 

Diderick    Gibble,    534. 

(4)  Dillon    Gibbons,   383,   407. 
Dinor   Besor,  80,  572. 
Dionysius,    61,   571. 

Disraeli,   Prime   Minister,  360,  583. 

(6)    Donald    E.   DeWees,  408,  411. 

Donald   McLeod,  11. 

(6)    Doris   Irma   Chandler,  382,  398. 

(5-M)    Dorothy   Dean   Smith    (Williams),  403,  405. 

(6)    Dorothy   DeWees,  408,  409. 

(6)    Dorothy   Imogene  Chandler,  382,  398. 

(5)  Dorothy   Williams,  385,  416. 

(4)   "Dot"  Williams,  daughter   (3)    Robert   Fulton  Wi 

Mams.     See   (4)    Hannah   Marion  Williams. 
Dougherty,  118. 
Dr.  Felix  Adier.  434. 
Dr.  Frederick  A.  Cook,  488. 
Dr.  Gregory,  248. 
Dr.  Groves.  204. 
Dr.  Solomon  E.  Hampton,  403. 
(2-M)    Drusilla   Horner,  95,  414,  415,  424,  538. 
Dudley,  Earl  of  Warwick,  14,  570. 

(6)  Dunwood   Moore.   103. 

D.  W.  Morton,  16,  70,  96,  101,  536,  537. 


(5)    Earl    Percy  Chandler,  382,  398,  399. 

E.  C.  Little,  186. 

Ed.   Butler,  190. 

(5)    Edgar  Baggs,  394.  • 

(5.M)    Edgar    M.   Carson,   206,   208,  232,   233,   238,   400, 

403. 
<6)    Edgar  Mason   Carson,  Jr.,  232,  233,  333,  400,  403. 

(4)  Edith   Dillingham,  380,  389. 

(5)  Edith   E.  Gibbons,  407,  408. 
(5)    Edith    Gibbons,  249. 

(4-M)    Edith    Monnette   Kniseley    (Williams),  411,  412. 

(4)    Edith   Williams,  381. 

(4)    Edmond  Gibbons,  383,  407,  408. 

Edward    I.,   6,  7,   566. 

Edward   Bare,  151. 

(4)    Edward    Gibbons,   383,  407,  411. 

Edward    H.   Frickey,  184,   185,  188,  268. 

(4)    Edward   Hampton,  383,  403,  406. 

Edward   H.   Harriman,  369,  585. 

Edward    Longshanks,    6,   9,    566. 


Edward  Williams,   14,  72,  387,  388,  400,  538,  539. 
Edward   Williams,   14,   72,   387,  388,  400. 

(3)  Edward  Williams,  380,  381,  389,  390. 

(4)  Edward  Williams,  103,  416. 

(4)  Edwin   Fawcett,  381,  389. 

(5)  Edwin  D.  Gibbons,  407,  408. 

(3-M)    Edwin  Patterson,  96,  395,  386,  400. 

(4)    Edwin  Williams,  384,  385,  390,  417,  419. 

(4)    Elam  Gibbons,  115,  116,  223,  249,  383,  407,  408. 

Elbert    Hubbard,    629,    272,    578. 

Eleanor  Lexington,  98,  522. 

Elias   Dew,  66. 

Elijah    P.    Lovejoy,  433,  504,  588. 

Eli  Patterson,  411. 

Elisha  Bailey,  116,  193. 

(4)    Eli  W.  Gibbons,  34,  72,  108,  109,  115,  116,  223,  224, 

249,  383,  407,  408. 
Eli  Yokum,  158. 
(4)    Eliza    Fawcett,   389. 
(4)    Eliza  Jane  Stanton,  383,  401,  411. 
Elizabeth   Williams,   16. 
(4-M)    Elizabeth  Ann  Swaney,  395,  396. 
Elizabeth    Beecher  Voick,  416,  421. 
Elizabeth    Beman,  420,  421. 
(4)    Elizabeth   Bundy    (Stratton),  382. 
(3M)    Elizabeth    Cadwalader    (Williams),    339,   390. 
(1-M)   Elizabeth  Dearman  (Williams),  17,  75,  387,  388, 

400. 

(3)  Elizabeth   Garretson,  Jr.   (Wilson),  248,  381,  391. 

(4)  Elizabeth  Gibbons   (Winder),  383,  407,  408. 
Elizabeth  Griffiths  Owen,  426,  428. 

(5-M)    Elizabeth    K.  Swartz    (Wells),  412,  413. 

Elizabeth    Patterson,   417. 

Elizabeth    Pierpont,   155. 

Elizabeth    Stanton,   388. 

Elizabeth    Stratton,   98. 

Elizabeth   Steward    McKittrick,  427. 

(3)    Elizabeth   Williams    (Dillingham),  380,  388,  389. 

(2)  Elizabeth  Williams   (Garretson),  64,  72,  73,  75,  76, 
85,  98,  99,  108,  248,  380,  381,  387,  388,  390,  391,  4C0. 

(3)  Elizabeth    Williams    (Gibbons),   96,    249,    332,   333, 
392,  400,  407. 

(3)  Elizabeth  W.  Williams  (Ayres),  384,  386,  414,  415, 
423,  424. 

(4)  Eliza   Fawcett,  381. 

(4)  Eliza  Hampton,  383,  403,  406. 

(4-M)  Eliza  Hyer  (Williams),  411,  412,  415. 
(4-M)  Eliza  J.  McGrew  (Gibbons),  407,  08. 
Ella    Farley,  400,  401. 

(5)  Ella  Gibbons,  381,  391. 

Ellen  C.  Young  Shrader,  416,  419. 

(4)  Ellswood  Dillingham,  380,  389. 

(5)  Ellsworth  Worral,  397. 

(5)  Ellwood   DeWees,  408,  409. 

(6)  Elma  C.  Clark,  408,  409. 

(4-M)   Elma  Thomas  (Gibbons),  407,  408,  409. 

(4)  Elma   Williams,  381,  390. 

(5)  Elmer  Starbuck,  394. 
Elwood   DeWees,  250. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


Emil   Boehl,  488. 

(4-M)    Emma  Jane  Webb   (Farmer),  103,  424,  425. 

Emma    Kaltenbach,  401. 

(4)  Emma  Orilla  Williams  (Wells),  116,  384,  411,412, 
413. 

(5)  Emma   L.  Gibbons,  407,  408. 

(4-M)   Emma  P.  Stevens  (Williams),  99,  167,  169,  175, 
198,  202,  225,  400,  401. 

(6)  Emmy   Lou   Rider,  384,  412,  413. 
Emperor  Hadrian,  499. 

E.    M.   Sparks,  436. 

Ephraim   Gubbins,   151. 

Enoch    Ward,  534. 

Ericcson,  219,  573. 

(5)    Ernest  M.  Gibbons  407,  408. 

E.  S.  Keiser,  355. 

(4-M)    Estelle  La'she   (Van  VIeck),  103,  426,  427. 

(5)    Ethel    Roberta   Murdock    (Bartlett),  383,  402. 

Euclid.  371,  585. 

Eugene    H.    Rider,   412,    413. 

Eunice  Gardner  Swain,  423. 

(4-M)    Eunice  McNeill    (Williams),  416,  421. 

(4)  Eunice  Patterson,  382,  395,  396. 
Eunice    Redding,  271. 

(5)  Eva  Lucinda  Garretson,  381,  392. 
Evan   Cameron,  11. 

(5)    Everett  A.  Garretson,  381,  392. 
(3-M)    Exune  Bundy,  96,  397,  400. 

— F— 

F.  D.  Coburn,  325,  326. 
Fenwick    McCloud,    357. 
Finley  W.   McGrew,  407. 
F.   G.   Steinkamper,    188. 
Flagler,  202,  204,  205. 

(4-M)    Flemmin    Murdock,  397,  4C0,  402,  403. 

(4)  Flora    Anna    Williams    (Williams),    116,    384,   411, 
412,  413,  521,  537,  539. 

(5)  Flora   Irene  Williams   (Crites),  384,  412,  415. 

(6)  Florence    Ethel    Carson,   383,   400,   403. 

(5)    Florence    Williams    (Carson),   99,    176,    177,    198, 

206,  208,  232,  233,  238,  383,  401,  403. 
F.   L.  Smith   &  Company,  339. 
Flu  Statistics,  463. 
Fontenoy,    11,   569. 
Fort  Bellefountaine,  433,  437,  588. 
Frances  L.  Mace,  469,  494,  588. 
(5)    Francis   Clinton    Fowler,    101,   103,    105,   386,   424, 

425. 

(4)  Francis  Cornelia  Williams,  99,  241,  382,  398,  399, 
400. 

(4-M)   Francis  Hamlet  Owen,  66,  96,  103,  426,  428. 

(5)  Francis  Hamlet  Owen,  Jr.,  103,  386,  426,  428. 
Francis   Mace,  80. 

Francis  Scott   Key,  369,  584. 
Francois  Fourier,  85,  572. 

(5)  Frank  Gibbons,  381,  391. 

(4-M)   Frank  Gridley  Fowler,  101,  103,  105,  424,  425. 

(6)  Frank  Leonard  Dunlavy,  382,  398,  399. 


Franklin    K.    Lane,  357,  583. 

Frank  Parker,  257. 

(5)    Frank  Starbuck,  334. 

(4)  Frank   Williams,   ton   of    (3)    Benjamin    Franklin 
Williams,  384,  385,  416,  419,  421. 

(5)  Frank  Williams,  son  of   (4)    Edw.  Williams,  335, 
416,419. 

(5)   Frank,  son  of  (4)  James  Williams,  103.    . 

(5)    Frank   S.   Williams,   son   of    (4)    Lewis   Williams, 

385,  416,  419. 
(5)    Frederick    Anson    Fowler,   101,   103,   106,   336,  424, 

425,  427. 
Frederick   Billon,  438. 

(5)    Frederick    Fenn    Farmer,    103,   386,  424,  425. 
Frederick    R.    Cornwall,    189. 
(5)    Frederick   R.  Gibbons,  407,  408. 


-G— 


Gabriel    Goodman,   15,  570. 

Garland   House,  168. 

Glendower,  9,   12,  567. 

Gen.  Garcia,  269. 

Gen.  James  Wolfe,  12,  569. 

Gen.  John  R.  Wood,  258. 

Gen.  Lee,  332. 

Gen.    Montcalm,   569. 

"General   Pike,"  432. 

General    U.  S.  Grant,  220,  265,  272,  275,  331,  502,  574. 

Gen.   Santa   Anna,  257. 

General   Wilkinson,  437,  588. 

Gen.  Winfield   Scott,  258. 

(5)  Geneva  Baggs  (Walling),  394. 

George  III.,  37. 

George   Beck,   190. 

George  Bly,  167. 

George   Borrow,  8. 

(3-M)    George  Clinton  Farmer,  101,  103,  424,  425. 

(4)  George    Clinton    Farmer,    Jr.,    103,    386,    424,    425, 
427. 

George  C.   Little,   187. 

George  Dewey    (Admiral),  272,  332,  576. 

(5)  George   Edward   Farmer,   103,  386,  424,  427. 
George   Fisher,   166. 

George    Fox,   14,  85.   373,  525,  570. 

George   Graham   Vest,  470,   589. 

George    Kroening,  268. 

George  Laws,  257. 

George   L.   Williams,  314. 

George    Pierce,  257. 

George  Sparks,  436. 

(4-M)    George  Spence,  165,  407,  408. 

George   Stephenson,  361,  452,  583. 

George  T.   Bye,  326. 

(4)   George  Van  VIeck,  103,  386,  426,  427. 

(5-M)   George  W.   Moore,  103,  416,  419. 

George  W.  Sizer,  471. 

George   Williams,   314. 

George  Washington,  213,  220,  272,  368,  474,  574. 

Georgia  Chandler,  165. 


(5)    Georgia  Williams,  385,  416,  419. 

Gibraltar.   5,   565. 

Gladstone,  368. 

"Globe-Democrat,"  432. 

Godfrey  &   Gilman,  435. 

Goliath  the  Giant,  343. 

{5-M)   Gordon  DuBose,  103,  420,  423. 

Gov.  Yates,  W.  H.,  450. 

Gower,  163. 

Gray,  Author  of  Elegy,  492,  589. 

Gronwy  Owen,   11,  569. 

Gus  Swift,  367. 

Gustavus  Sessinghouse,  178. 

Guy  G.   Major,  223. 

— H— 

Hadrian,   499,   5C0,   592. 
Hal  Frickey,  268. 
Halicarnassus,  498,  499,  591. 

(5)  Hallie  Williams,   103,  385,  416,  421. 
Hall's    Mill,    158. 

H.  A.  Marquard,  175. 

(4)    Hannah   Ann   Williams,   18,  99,   153,  241,  382,  397, 

398,  400. 
(3-M)    Hannah   Bruff   (Williams),  389,  390. 
Hannah    Marmon    Patterson,   Mother   of    (2-M)    Sarah 

Patterson,  414,  415,  417. 

(3)  Hannah    Marmon    Williams    (Stone),    66,    95,    96, 
103,  384,  414.  415,  421,  424. 

(4)  Hannah   Marmon  Williams  (Dot),  103,  418,  421. 
(4)    Hannah    Marion   Williams,   335.     See    (4)    Hannah 

Marmon    Williams. 
(3M)    Hannah    S.   Mickle   (Williams),  389. 

(6)  Harold   W.   Moore,   103,  385,  416,  419. 

(4)  Harriet   Beecher   Williams,   99,  241,  382,  398,  399, 
400. 

Harriette   Gridley    Fowler,  425. 

(3)  Harry    Baggs,    394. 
Harry    Partridge,  264. 

(5)  Harvey    Bellewood    Williams,  385,   416,  421. 
Heidelburg,    2,    563. 

(6)  Helen    Damron,    103,   386,  420,   423. 

(5)  Helene    Estelle   Van    VIeck,   103,   386,  426,  428. 
(5-M)    Helen    Fay    Shipley    (DeWees),   408,  409. 

(6)  Helen   M.   DeWees,  408,  411. 
Henry    IV,  7,  566. 

Henry  VII,  9,   14,  567. 

Henry  VIII,   9,  568. 

Henry  Barnes,  249. 

Henry  Clay,   257,   272,   577. 

Henry  Grear,  248. 

(4)  Henry    Harrison    Williams,  103,  384,  416,  417. 
Henry  Heisler,  180. 

Henry   L.  Geisler,  328. 
Henry  Shanafelt,  166,  173,  442. 
Henry    Stanley,    166. 
Henry    Stanton,    537. 
Henry  Swartz,  412,  413. 
Henry  van   Dyke,  352,  582. 


Henry  Voick,  416,  421. 

Henry  W.  Longfellow,  335,  354,  471,  582. 

Hercules,  5,  566. 

Herman    Heisler,   429,   483. 

Herman    Roling,  298. 

Hipparchus,    371,    585. 

H.   M.  Plaisted,  342,  494,  560,  590. 

Homer,    371,   586. 

Homer  Gibbons,  407. 

(4)    Homer  Gibbons,  383,  407,  408. 

(4M),   Homer   Gibbons,  391. 

Hope  Stanton,  61. 

Horton    Howard,  66-80. 

Howard,  350,  582. 

Hoyt  H.  Green,  471-473. 

Huail,  8. 

Hugh    Davids,   258. 

Hull,    Rosedowns   &   Thompson,   195. 

Hupp   Tevis,    334. 

Huxley,   5,    665. 

Hyram   Stype,   185. 


(4-M)    Ida   Hendrix    (Williams),  206,  400,  403,  405. 

(5-M)    Ida,    Wife    of    Fred    Farmer,    103. 

Idress   Head,  433. 

I.   G.  Wheeler,  188. 

Isaac    Brown,  257. 

(3M)    Isaac  Chandler  Beman,  420,  421,  423. 

Isaac  Coppock,  249. 

Isaac  Patterson,  417. 

—J— 

Jacob  Bare,  124,  131. 

Jacob  Myers,  248. 

Jacob    Querbach,   248. 

J.    B.  C.   Lucas,  438. 

J.    M.    B.    Koehler,    190.  ' 

Jack  Hook,  257. 

James    II,   374,   586.  > 

James       A.  Garfield,  502. 

James   B.    Eads,  448,  588. 

(4)    James    B.   Williams,   384,   385,  416,  419. 

James   Coor,   530,   531,   532. 

James  Damron,  420,  423. 

(4)    James    Dillingham,    389. 

James   G.    Blaine,   257. 

James    Edgerton,  409. 

(4)  James   Gibbons,  383,  407,  408. 
(3-M)    James  Gibbons,  96,  400,  407. 

(5)  James    Mortimer   Williams,   412,   415. 
James    M.    Rownd,  248. 

James  Paqueret,  44,  45. 
James    Patter,   61. 
(4-M)   James  Thompson   Baggs,  394. 
James  Thurley,  176. 

James    Ward,    Father    of    (3-M)     Rebecca    Ward    Wil- 
liams, 416,  417. 
James  Watt,  361,  584. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


James  Whitcomb   Riley,  335. 
(4)    James  Williams,  331. 

(4)   James   Williams,  Son  of   (3)    Benjamin  Williams, 
97,   103,  416,  417. 

(4)  James   Williams,   Son   of    (3)    Dearman    Williams, 
384,  390. 

(5)  James  Williams,  384. 
Jamima   Patterson,  417. 
Jane    Alexander    (Mrs.),    258. 

(3-M)   Jane   Clifton    (Williams),    103,   422,   425. 

(fi)    Jane    Elizabeth    Rider,  384,  412,  413. 

Jane    E.   Williams,   16. 

(4)    Jane    E.    Williams,    17,    18,    99,    114,    124,    136,    153, 

206,  223,  224,  233,  241,  382,  397,  398,  400. 
Jane    Mears    Hughes    (Hampton),   397,   398,   412,   533. 
Janus,  342,  580. 
Java   Man,  2,  563. 
Jay,  79,  571,  577. 
J.    Colven    Gray,  412,    413. 
J.   C.   Yantes,    178. 
J.   D.    Berry    Lewis,  450. 
Jeanerette   Kniseley,  411,  415. 
Jefferson    Davis,   258. 
(4)    Jennie    Belle    Farmer    (Fowler),    79,    95,    98,    101, 

103,   104,   105,   386,   424,   425,   522. 

(6)  Jennie    I.    E.   Clark,  408,  409. 
Jeremiah   Williams,   314. 

(4)   Jesse   Doudna,  381,  391. 
Jesse   Lautz,   125. 
J.    H.    Kobusch,   433. 
Jim   Brown,  257. 
Joel   Patterson,  417. 
John    A.    Paxton,   432. 
John    B.  Clemmons,  190. 
John   Bell,  61. 

(3)  John   Bouvier  Williams,  384,  414,  415. 
John    Bowl,  37,   44. 

John    Brown,    272,    275,    578. 

John   Butcher,  158. 

John  C.  Bare,  108,  165. 

John  C.  Comley,  222. 

(4-M)    John    Curtiss   Chandler,    133,    397,    398,    399. 

John   Day,  189. 

(3-M)    John    Doudna,  Jr.,  391. 

John   Easton,  44,  532,  534. 

(3M)    John    Fawcett,    388,    389. 

John   Greanleaf  Whittier,  335,  494,  495,  590. 

John   Grier,  249. 

John  Griffith,  257. 

John    Harlan,  257. 

John  Hampton,  403,  406. 

(4)  John    Hampton,  383,  403,  406. 

(3-M)   John    Hampton,   75,   95,   96,    139,    156,   250,   403, 

406. 
(6)   John  Harold  Dunlavy,  382,  398,  399. 
(4)   John  Henry  W.  Beman,  385,  420,  423. 
John    Horner,   415. 
John   H.  Spinning,  183,  184,  187. 


John   H.  Stevens,  557. 

John  Jeanin,   167. 

John   J.    Ingalls,   341,   580. 

John  J.  O'Brien,  373. 

John    Leaf,  80. 

John  M.  Williams,  189. 

John    Mechem,    243. 

John   Patterson,   417. 

John   Pierpont   Morgan,  369,  585. 

John  P.  Williams,  314. 

John    Rose,  44. 

John   Ruskin,  358,  583. 

John    Soy,   200. 

John   Williams,   of    Deerfield,    Mass.,   98. 

(3)  John    Williams,    96,   99,   382,   392,   400. 

(4)  John  Williams,  6th  child  of  (3)  Benjamin  Wil- 
liams, 384,  390,  416,  417. 

(4)  John  Williams,  son  of  (3)  Dearman  Williams, 
97,  103,  416,  381,  384,  390. 

John   S.  Cochran,  221. 
John   Shannon,    248. 
John   Shearman,  37. 

(2)  John  Shoebridge  Williams,  19,  64,  66,  68,  70,  72, 
75,  76,  77,  82,  94,  95,  96,  97,  98,  101,  103,  108,  154, 
223,  251,  253,  371,  380,  384,  387,  338,  400,  414,  415, 
424,    521,    553. 

(5)  John   Starbuck,  394. 

(5-M)   John   W.  Cassells,  396,  397. 

(6)  John    W.   Cassells,   Jr.,    396,   397. 
(3-M)    John    Williams   Ayers,    423. 
John    Weeks,   134,    137,   141,    142. 

(3)  John   W.  Garretson,  248,  331,  391. 
(5)    John    Worral,    397. 

(4)  John   W.  Stanton,  3E3,  410,  411. 
John   W.  Withers,  334,  580. 

Joe  Cass,   132. 

Joe    Mays,  257. 

Joe   Smith,  257. 

Jonas    Linch,   49,   51,  58. 

Jonas  Small,  80,  98. 

Jonathan   Pierpont,   155. 

(3-M)    Jonathon    Stanton,  96,  400,  410,  411. 

Jonathan   Swain,  423. 

Jones    Fuller,   73. 

Joseph    Anderson,    138,    156,    157. 

Joseph   Arnold,   96,   99,  248,   392. 

(5)  Joseph    Baggs,   335. 
Joseph    Boyer,    196. 

(4)    Joseph    B.    Gibbons,   333,   407,  403,   409. 

(4)    Joseph    Bundy,    382,    397. 

Joseph   Chandler,  134. 

Joseph   Charles,   432. 

Joseph    Clifton,  422,   425. 

(4)   Joseph  Clifton  Williams,  103,  386,  422,  425. 

(4)  Joseph   Comley  Williams,  384,  411,  412. 
Joseph   Dew,  66,  80,  98. 

Joseph    DeWees,   250. 

(5)  Joseph   DeWees,  408,  409. 
(3-M)   Joseph    Emmons,   389. 


INDEX 


(2-M)   Joseph   Garretson,  72,  73,  75,   92,  99,  248,  390, 

391,  400. 
(4)    Joseph    Garretson,    331,    391,    392. 

(3)  Joseph    W.    Garretson,    24S,   381,   391. 
(3-M)    Joseph    Gibbons,   72,   96,  400,   407,   403. 
Joseph    Gowney,   14. 

Joseph    Hampton,    155,   398. 

Joseph   Kaltenbach,  401. 

Joseph    Lee,  father  of    (4-M)    Cora   Lee   Williams,  416, 

419. 
Joseph   Leeds,  73. 

(4-M)   Joseph    L.  Wells.  411.  412,  413. 
Joseph    Middleton,   249. 
Joseph    Miguel    Taillon,   441. 
(6)    Joseph    Mortimer    Gray.    384,   412,   413. 
Joseph    Parker,   86. 
Joseph    Patterson,   fjthcr   of    (2-M)    Sarah    Patterson, 

414,    415,    417. 
Joseph   W.   Patterson,  cousin   of   M.    F.   Williams,   222. 

(4)  Joseph   W.   Patterson,   395,  396,  397. 
(4)    Joseph    W.   Doudna,   248,  381,   391. 
(3.M)    Joseph    Stanley,   389,   390. 
Joseph    Taylor,  249. 

(3-M)    Joseph    Wilson,   391. 

(3)    Joseph    Patterson    Williams,    son    of    John    Shoe 
bridge  Williamr,   103.  384,   3S6,  414,  415,  422,  424. 

(3)  Joseph    Williams,    96,    97,    99,    115,    117,    118,    121. 
122,   123,  251,  253,  382,  392,  393,  400. 

(4)  Joseph   W.  Williams,  382. 

(4)  Josephine     Eonaparte     Williams      (Baggs),     382, 
393,  394. 

(5)  Josephine   Starbuck,   394. 
(4)    Josephus  Osborn,  381,  390. 
(4-M)    Joshua  DeWees,  407,  408,  409. 
Joshua   Maul,  151. 

(4)    Josiah    Bundy,    382,    397. 

Josiah    Fogg,  449. 

Josie   Schafer    (Mrs.),   395. 

Judge   Hazel,  307. 

Judje    William    C.   Carr,   432. 

Julia    Moore,   474. 

Julian    Roy,   438. 

Julius   Caesar,   6,   469. 

Julius   Maurice,  445. 

Julius   Pollock,   117. 

J.  W.  Marrell,  476. 


(5)  Karl    Williams,   103,  385,  416,  419. 

(6)  Katherina    DeWees,   408,   409. 
Katherina   Giffen,  409. 

(6)    Katherine    McKinney,    395. 

(6)    Katherine  Damron,  1C3,  3£6,  420,  423. 

Keister,  200,  201. 

(4)    Keturah    Williar.  s,  381,  390. 

King    Mausolus,    498. 

Knights  of  St.  John,  499,  591. 


— L— 

Laura    Hendrix,  403,  405. 

(5)   Laurissa  Patterson,  daughter  of  J.  W.  Patterson, 

396,  397. 
(5)    Laurissa    Jane    Patterson     (Cassells),    396,    397. 
(5;    Lavina   Dawson,  381,  391. 

(5)  Lavina   Gibbons.  33,  109,  383,  307. 

(6)  Lawrence    Henry   Wells,  384,  412. 
(5)    Laurence   Swain,   103,   3£5,  420,  423. 
Lawrence  Williams,  314. 

Leaf,  90. 

(5)  Leiand  S.  Patterson,  408,  411. 
Leochares,  498,  591. 

Leon   Czolgosz,  503,  574. 

(5-M)    Leontine  Kaltenbach    (Williams),  231,  238,  400. 

(6)  Leontine  Margaret  Williams,  383,  400,  401. 

(4)  Lewis  Williams,  103,  416,  417. 
(6)    Lida    Helen    Gibbons,  408,  409. 

(5-M)    Lida   T.    Kreis    (Gibbons),   403,   409. 

Lieut.   Com.   A.   C.    Read,  312. 

Lieut.    Raymond    Barney,  369. 

Lilian    Ruthanna    Wells    (Gray),   384,  412,  413. 

(5  M)    Lillian    I.    Munson    (Fowler),  425. 

Livina   Hall,  80,  98. 

L'Olonnois,    10,    569. 

Lord    Byron,   335,  589. 

(5)  Lorle   Eloise  Williams   (Rider),  384,  412,  413. 
Louis  XV,  430. 

Louis    A.    AgasEiz,    272,    575. 

Louis   Alt,  450. 

Louis    H.   Schneider,  401. 

(5)  Louis   Patterson,  397. 

(6)  Louis  Ruthanna   Rider,  384,  412,  413. 
(4)    Louis  Williams,  384,  385,  419. 

(3-M)    Louisa   Farmer   (Williams),  103,  418,  421. 

(4)    Lovina    Hampton,    383,    403,    406. 

Lcwcll    Mason. 

(4  M)    Luchien   C.   Blanchard,   103,  424,  427. 

Lucille    Kniseley,  411,   415. 

(4)    Lucinda   Gibbons,  383,  407. 

(4)  Lucinda    Hampton,   333,   403,   406. 
Lucy   Ellis  Swartz,  413. 

(5)  Lucy   M.  Shamel    (Chandler),  398,  399. 
(3-M)    Lucy    Nye    (Williams),    97,    103,    416,   417. 
Lulu    Donnahu    Rider,  412,  413. 

(5)    Lulu  Mabel    Chandler    (Webster),   382,   398,   399. 
401. 

(5)  Lura  Baggs,   394. 

(6)  Lura  Walling    Kirkpatrick,  394. 

(5M)    Lydia   Arthur  Bray    (Williams),  228,  400. 

Lydia    Horner,  415. 

(3)    Lydia   Williams    (Stanley),   389,   390. 

(3)    Lydia   Williams   Stantey,  380,   381. 

— M— 

(5)  Mabel    Ann   Garretson,  381,  392. 
Mabel   Kincer,  266. 

(6)  Mabel    Lucille    Dunlavy,   382,   398,   399. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


(6)    Mabel   Veronica   Williams    (Schneider),  213,   223, 

238,  314,  383,  400,  401. 
Maclntyre,  12. 

(5)  Madge  Williams    (Moore),  103,  385,  416,  419. 
Madoc,  6,  9,  567. 

(4-M)    Mahlon    Bedell,  394,  395. 
Major    Henry   Johnson,   257. 
Marconi,  222,  573. 
Marcus  Aurelius  Antoninus,  491,  589. 

(6)  Margaret    Elizabeth    Cassells    (Stein),  396,   397. 
(6)    Margaret   Virginia    Moore,  382,  398,  401. 

(4).  Maria  Gibbons,  383,  407. 

(5)  Marianna   DeWees    (Binns),  408,  409. 
Mark   Antony,  469,   588. 

Marsden,    193. 

(3).  Martha    Belle    Williams    (Van    VIeck),   64,    66,   95, 

384,    386,    414,   415,   424,   426,   427. 
Martha    Belle  Williams  96. 
Martha   Belle    (Shoebridge),  17,  38S. 
(4-M)    Martha    Crites    Langston    (Williams).    103,   416, 

417. 
(4).  Martha  Garretson    (Dawson),  381,  391. 
(4)    Martha  Gibbons   (DeWees),  383,  407,  403,  409. 
Martha    Gibbons,    407. 

(6)  Martha  Grace  DeWees,  4C8-411. 
(6)    Martha    McKinney,    395. 

(4)  Marlha    Mitchell    Williams    (Starbuck),    382,    393, 
394. 

Martha  Wright  Ward,  mother  of  (3  M)    Rebecca  Ward 
(Williams),  416,  417. 

(3)  Martha    Williams     (Stanton),    96,    103,    382,    383, 
392,  4C0,  410,  411. 

Martin,  33. 

Martin  and   Allerdyce,  521. 
Martin   Earl   &  Co.,  195. 
Martin    Luther,    272,    575. 
Mary    Ann    Edgerton,    409. 
Mary   A.  O'Brien,  373. 

(5)  Mary  Baggs    (Walling),  255.  394. 
Mary    Bet;s    (Hampton),  96,  403. 
Mary   Blaker,  398. 

Mary    Brown   Van    VIeck,   425,   427. 

Mary   Dark    Farmer,   mother   of   G.   C.   Farmer,   425. 

(4)  Mary    Dillingham,   380,    389. 

(5)  Mary    Ethel   Chandler    (Moore),  382,  398,  399. 
(4)    Mary   Ella  Williams,  384,  411,  412. 

Mary    Farmer,   418,  421. 
(3-M)    Mary  Farmer  (Williams),  388,  390. 
Mary  Garretson,  72,  73,  390,  382,  383,  400,  403,  406. 
(4)    Mary  Garretson,  381-391. 
(5-M)    Mary  G.   Farley,  4C0,  401. 
<4)    Mary   Gibbons,   383,   407,  408. 
Mary  Goetz,  223. 
Mary   Hampton    (Bailey),   116. 
(7)    Mary   Kirkpatrick,  394. 

(3)    Mary    Louisa    Williams,   daughter   of   John    Shoe 
brid      ge  Williams,  384,  414,  415,  424,  427. 


(4)  Mary  Louisa  Williams  (Chandler),  18,  99,  126, 
127,  129,  133,  134,  138,  238,  241,  382,  397,  338,  399, 
4C0. 

(4)  Mary  Louise  Williams,  Paris,  Ky.,  97,  103,  251, 
255,    384,   416,  417. 

(5)  Mary    Leora   Garretson,   381,  391. 

(5-M)    Mary    Maurice    (Williams),    103,   416,   419. 
Mary    Norris    Schneider,   401. 

(6)  Mary    Ruth    Webster,   333,   398,   401. 
(3)    Mary  Wililams   (Emmons),  380,  383. 

(3)  Mary  Williams  (Hampton),  96,  156,  332,  382,  4C0, 
403,  4C6. 

(5)    Mary   Worral,  397. 

Matthew  Boulton,  361. 

(5)    Maude  Williams,  99,   176,  333,  400,  401. 

Maurise  Williams,  314. 

MausoluE,    438. 

Maximilian    P.    E.   Groszmann,   351,   582. 

Mayor    Kennett,   433. 

McClure,  64,  66. 

McCormick,  218,   573. 

Merle   Williams,   103,   385,   416,   419. 

(4-M)    Melvina    Bailey    (Garretson),    391. 

(3-M)    Micajah    Dillingham,   3£8. 

Michael    Hughes,  398,  538. 

(4)  Mifflin   Williams,  381,   390. 

(5)  Milton  Clyde    (Chandler),  382,  398,  399. 

(4)  Milton  F.  Williams,  10,  23,  37,  99,  108,  127,  129, 
132,  133,  134,  143,  144,  150,  164,  167,  169,  184,  187, 
191,  205,  206,  208,  209,  225,  234,  241,  246,  263,  272, 
296,  314,  323,  325,  338,  369,  371,  382,  383,  397, 
398,  400,  401,  411,  492,  568. 

(6)  Milton  Franklin  Williams,  the  Second,  207,  231, 
238,  383,  400,  401. 

(5)  Milton  Judson  Williams,  99,  176,  180,  182,  238, 
227,  228,  263,  266,  270,  315,  383,  400,  401. 

Milton     L.     Hickman,    342. 

(4-M)    Minnie  S.  Shrader    (Williams),  103,  416,  419. 

(5)    Minnie  Myrtle  Chandler   (Dunlavy),  382,  398,  393. 

Minor   Edwards,   66. 

Miranda    DeWees,    108. 

"Missouri    Gazette,"  432. 

"Missouri    Republican,"    432,    453. 

Morgan,    Charles,     14. 

Morgan,   Harry,  9,  10,  11,  568. 

Morpheus,  196,  573. 

(5)    Mortimer  C.   Patterson,  408,  411. 

Mortimer    Pollock,    117. 

Moss   Carroll,   119,   158. 

(4)  Myranda   Gibbons,   383,  407. 

(5)  Myrtle   Swain    (Damron),   103,  385,  386. 
(5)    Myrtle    Elizabeth   Garretson,  392. 

(5)    Myrtle   Elizabeth   Garretson,   381. 
Mytton,   7,   8,   566. 

— N— 

(5)    N.    Allen    Gibbons,   408,   409. 
Nancy    Gow   Smith.  403,   405. 
Nancy  Stanton,  411. 


INDEX 


(3-M)    Nathan    Dodd,   395,   396,  400. 

(4)  Nathan    Patterson,    382,    395,    396. 
Neanderthal,    2,   563. 

Neolithic,    4,    565. 

Nicholas  Cornelius,  190. 

(6)    Nina    Eloice   Wells,   384,   412,  413. 

Noah  Wi:iiams,  314. 

— o— 

(4.M)    Olive   R.  Patterson    (Gibbons),  407,  408,  4' 
Oliver   Binns,   250. 
Oliver    Hampton,    558. 

(5)  Oliver    Julian    Williams,    99,    176,    207,    208, 
229,  231,  233,  263,  265,   311,  313,   333,  400,  401. 

(5-M)    Oliver  W.   Binns,  408,  409. 

(5)    Oliver   Gibbons   381,   391. 

(4)    Oliver   L.   Hampton,  383,  403,  406. 

Oliver  Wendell    Holmes,  272,  275,  578. 

Osborn,    3,    4,    564. 

Ossian,   12,   569. 

Ovid,    371.    586. 

Owain  Glyndwe,  7,  9,  14,  567. 

Owain  Gynned,  9,  567. 

Owen    R.    Lovejoy,    433. 

Owen    Shanafelt,    169. 


Paleolithic,  4,  565. 

(5-M)    Pansy  M.  Pilcher   (Chandler),  398,  399. 

Patrick    Connor,    73. 

(6)    Paul    Edwin  Cassells,  396,  397. 

(6)    Paul    Hampton   Wells,  384,  412,  413. 

(5)  Paul    Mortimer    Wells,   324.  412,   413. 
Paul  &  Tabor,  557. 

P.   B.   Matheson.  189. 

P.  C.  McKinley,  193. 

(4)    Peninah    Bundy    (Crew).    382,   397. 

(4)    Peninah    Gibbons    (DeWees).  383,   407. 

(3)    Peninah    Williams     (Gibbons),    72,    96,    249     332, 

383,   392,   400,  407,  408. 
Penn,   Wm.,    14. 

(6)  Percy    Allison   Chandler,   382,   398,   399. 
Peter   Giffin,   409. 

Peter    L.    Simpson,    188. 

Peter    E.    Bigelow,    163. 

Pierre  Laclede  Ligueste,  429,  430. 

Piltdown,    2,    563. 

Pindar,   371,   586. 

Pope,   348,   582. 

Porter   Pleasant,  475,  476. 

President    Andrew    Jackson,    256,    272. 

President    Wm.    B.    McKinley,    269,    271,    573. 

President  Woodrow   Wilson,  326,  331,  461,  578. 

Ptah,    345,   581. 

Publius    Syr.us,   491. 

Pythcas,   5,   565. 


Pythias,  61,  571. 
Pythius,  498,  591. 
Pythagoras,  371,  585. 


Quaker,  14. 
Guam,  77,  78,  79. 
Queen   Artemisia,  498. 
Queen    Elizabeth,    14,    570. 
Queen  Victoria,  272,  275,  575. 


Rachel   Thomas,   409. 

(5-M)    Ralph    E.    Rider,  412,  413. 

Ranald    of    Moydart,    11. 

(5)    Raymond   William    McKinney,   395. 

(6-M)    Raymond    Fred    Schneider,    401. 

Rebecca   Dodd,  248. 

(4M)    Rebecca    Edgerton    (Gibbons),  407,  408,  409. 

Rebecca    McGrew,  407. 

Rebecca    Patterson,   417. 

(3-M)    Rebecca    Ward     (Williamson),    255. 

(3-M)    Rebecca    Worrall    Bundy    (Williams),   96,   392, 

412,  413. 

(4)  Rebecca    Williams,   331,   390. 

(3-M)    Rebecca    Wright    Ward     (Williams),    97,    416, 

417. 
(4  M)    Remus  Swain,  420,  423. 
Rev.  Artemas   Bullard,  441. 
Rev.  John    Hcckcwelder,  371,  586. 
Rev.  Gonzales,  334. 
Rev.   Thcodor   Clifton,   333. 

(5)  Rexford    Williams,    103,    385,    416,    419. 
R.    G.    Eisenhart,    194. 

Richard   Cogdell,  532. 

(4)    Richard    Dillingham,   380,   389. 

(4)    Richard    Edward    Hanley,   381,    390. 

Richard  Gray,  249. 

Richard     McCullough,    382,    384,    392,    400,    411,    412, 

413,  451,  453,  536. 

Richard  Shoebridge,  17,  75,  388. 

Richard    Medley,  249. 

(2)    Richard   Williams,  314,  380,  390. 

Richard   H.  Williams,  314. 

Richard    Whittington,   210,    573. 

(4)    Richard    W.   Stanton,    383,  410,   411. 

(2)  Richard  Williams,  17,  72,  76,  81,  91,  98,  99,  380, 
387,  388,  389,  400. 

(3)  Richard    Williams,   96,   99,   382,   392,   400,   536. 
Robt.   Burns,  350,  352,  582. 

Robt.   Charles,   176. 

Robert   Southey,  567. 

Robert  Williams  of  Roxbury,  Mass.,  98. 

(1)  Robert  Williams  (Ggf.  of  M.  F.  W.),  14,  16,  17, 
19,  32,  33,  388,  400,  527,  529,  531,  34,  37,  44,  61,  70, 
71,  72,  73,  74,  75,  76,  98,  226.  380,  337,  390. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


(3)  Robert  Williams  (Father  of  M.  F.  W.),  S2, 
99,  110,  115,  118,  119,  122,  152,  241,  251,  379, 
382,  392,  397,  398,  400,  402,  444,  486,  536. 

(4)  Robert  Williams,  son    (3)    Robt.  Fulton  Willia 
335. 

(5)  Robt.    Earl    Williams,   141,  206,  224,   383,  403, 
Robert    E.    Peary,    375,  488,   587. 

Robt.   F.   Luffberry,  201. 

(4)  Robert  Farmer  Williams,  son  of  (3)  Robt. 
ton   Williams,   103,  385,  418,  421. 

(3)  Robt.  Fulton  Williams,  103,  384,  385,  414, 
418,  421,  424   (son  John  Shoebridge  Williams). 

Robert  Goodrich,  257. 

(4)  Robert    Hampton,    383,    403,    406. 
Robt.    L.    Downton,    178,   247. 

(5)  Robt.    Lee    Farmer,   103,    336,   424,   425. 

(5)    Robert    Monnette    Williams     (son     (4)     Sam'l 

Williams),   384,  412,   415. 
Robert    McCullough,   451. 
Robert    Plummer.  249. 
Robert    Rennick,    433. 
Robert   Smith,  403,  405. 
(4-IVl)    Robert  Starbuck,  249,  394. 
Robert    W.    Hampton,    486,    536. 
Robert   W.    Hampton,  95,  98,    139,    162,  250. 

(4)  Roberta    Williams,    335,   418,   421. 
Robin    Hood,  346,  581. 

Rob   Roy,  11,  569. 

Roger    Williams,    523,    525,    526. 

Rowan.  269. 

(5)  Ross  J.   Garretson,  392. 
Rosenbaum    &    Hauschulte,    186. 
(5)    Ross  J.  Garretson,  381. 
(4-lVl)    Ross    Weeks,    140,    337,    400. 

(5)    Roy  Will    Farmer,   103,  3S6,  424,  425. 
R.  W.   Scott,  163. 
Rufus   Easton,  433. 

(3-M)  Ruthanna  Hampton  (Williams).  96,  99, 
115,   253.   392.   4G0,   411,   412. 

(4)  Ruthanna  Williams  (Murdock),  92,  206,  241, 
397,  400,  402,  403. 

(3-M)    Ruth    Edgerton,  391. 

(5)  Ruth    Gibbons,  381,  39. 
Ruthin,    7,    8,    14,    15,    16,    75. 
Ruth    McNeill,   416,  421. 

(4)    Ruth    Patterson    (Worral),   382,  395.   396,  397. 
(4)    Ruth     Rebecca    Williams     (McKinney),    382, 

394,   395. 
Ruth   Mitchell,  97. 
Ryce  ap  Thomas,  9. 


(4)    Sadie    May     Farmer     (Blanchard),    103,    386,    424, 

425,  427. 
"Saint  Louis  Republican,"  432. 
"Saint  Louis  Republic,''  432. 

Salina  J.   Douglas   Lee      (M.  of  4-M)   Cora),  416,  419. 
Sally  Cooper,  61. 


(3)  Sally   Williams    (Bundy),  96,  382,  392,  397,  400. 
Samuel   Setts  Hampton,  154,  150. 

(4)  Samuel    Bundy,   382,  397. 

(3)  Samuel  B.  Williams,  96,  99,  113,  115,  116,  117, 
118,  121,  122,  131,  155,  157,  177,  179,  222,  224,  241, 
258. 

Sam  Connell,  79. 
Samuel    Embrey,  558. 

(4)  Samuel    Gibbons,   333,  407,  408. 

(5)  Samuel    Godfrey    Williams,    384,    412,    415. 
Samuel    Grigg,  475. 

(4)    Samuel    Hampton,    383,    4C3,   406. 

(4)    Samuel     Mortimer    Williams,    334,    411,    412,    413, 

415. 
Samuel   Potts,  80. 
Samuel    Rathwell,    246. 

(2)  Samuel  Williams,  17,  18,  64,  72,  75,  76,  82,  96, 
98,  99,  103,  113,  115,  231,  380,  332,  387,  388,  392, 
395,   326,  397,  400. 

Sappho,    371,    586. 

(2-M)    Sarah   Arnold    (Williams),  92,   96,   S9,  251,   332, 

395,  396,  397,  400,  536. 
(4)    Sarah   Angelina   Williams    (Weeks),  99,   1£0,  241, 

3£2. 

(3)  Sarah  Ann  Hampton  (Williams),  96,  99,  109,  110, 
116,   241,   253,    392,    397,   393,  400,   411. 

(4)  Sarah  Ann  Bundy   (Gregg),  382,  337. 
(4)    Sarah  Ann  PaLterson,  332,  395,  386. 

(4)    Sarah    Bruff   Williams    Mavis,  3S1,  390. 

(2M)    Sarah    Dew    (Williams),   338. 

(4)    Sarah    Dillingham,    SEC,    3£9. 

(4)    Sarah    Doudna,    331,    391. 

(4)    Sarah    Elizabeth   Wii:ian-.s   (Baggs),  3£2,  392,  334, 

395. 
(4)    Sarah    Elizabeth    Beman,   103,  3S5,  420,  423. 
(4)    Sarah   Esther  Williams   (Dau.   (3)   Asa  Williams), 

381,   390. 
Sarah   Farmer  Vv'ebb,  425. 
Sarah    Fawcttt,   381,   3S9. 
(4)    Sarah    Gibbons,  313,  407,  403. 

(3)  Sarah  Jane  Williams  (Farmer),  1C0,  101,  103,  105. 
334,   386,   414,  415,  424,  425. 

(4)  Sarah  Jane  Williams  (daughter  of  (3)Samuel  B. 
Williams)    384,   411,   412. 

Sarah    Mears    Hughes,    398,   538. 

(2-M)    Sarah    Patterson    (Williams),    93,   95,    103,    414, 

415,  417,  424. 
(4)    Sarah   Talitha   Stanley,  381,   390. 

(4)  Sarah   W.   Hampton,  333,  406. 

(5)  Sarah    W.    Hampton,  403. 
(5)    Sarah  Starbuck.  394. 

(2M)    Sarah   Stanton    (Williams),  388,   389,   3S0. 

(4)  Sarah  Williams  (daughter  (3)  Dearman  Wil- 
liams), 381,  390. 

(3-M)  Sarah  Wright  Mitchell  (Williams),  97,  99,  251, 
253,  393,  394,  395,  400,   397,  398,  400,  <03,  4C4. 

Satyrus,  498. 

Scopas,  "198,  591. 

Scott,  375,  587. 


Seth  Hampton,  162,  223. 

(4)  Seth    Oliver   Williams,   72,   99,    124,    140,   141,    179, 
206,  241,  382,  398,  399,  400,  403,  405. 

Shackelton,  375,  587. 
Shakespeare,    Wm.,  347,   581. 

(5)  Sherman    Baggs,   395. 

(6)  Sidney    Du    Bose,    103,    386,  420,   423. 
Sidney    Lanier,    12,   569. 

Sidney   Rose  Dsmron.  420,  423. 

Simon    Bernard    (Gen.),   93,   572. 

(5)    Sina    Dawson,    381,   391. 

Sir  Walter    Raleigh,  355,  492,   590. 

Sir   Henry    Morgan,  9,    10,   11,   568. 

Sir  Joshua    Reynolds,   344,   581. 

Smiley,  163. 

Solomon  Coles,  248. 

Solomon    E.    Hampton,    154,    155. 

Solomon    Huddleston,   416,   419. 

Solomon    Morris.    2^9. 

Solomon  Sheppard,  530,  532. 

Sophie    D.    Slaussen,   221. 

Sparks   Milling   Co.,  434. 

St.  Genevieve,  429. 

Stanhope    (Miss.),    257. 

Supt.   Withers,  334,   580. 

Surgeon-Gen.    Lawson,   258. 

(5-M)    Susie    Nell    Fischer    (Farmer),    103,  424,  425. 


Tabitha  Patterson,  411. 

Taj     Mahal,    501,    5E2. 

Taliesin,  11,  £69. 

T.   Dwight  Ives,  187. 

Thaddeus   Wehb,  425. 

Thales,  371,  585. 

Theodore  A.  Randall,  187. 

Theodore    Roosevelt.  272,   377,   503,   574. 

(5)    Theodore    R.   Williams    (S.   of    (4)    James    B.    Wi 

liams),  103,  385,  416,  420. 
Theron    Barnum.  448. 
Thomas  Eccles.  78. 

Thomas   A.    Edison,   360,   361.    454,   584. 
Thomas    Farley,  400,  401. 
Thomas    H.    Howard,  247,   477. 
Thomas    Hendrix,   403,    405. 
Thomas  Jefferson,   272,   577. 
Thomas    N.   Carver,   363. 
Thomas   Owen,   426,   428. 
Thomas   R.  Williams,  314. 
Thomas    Richards,  479. 
Timothy    Ailing,   37. 
Timotheus.   499. 
Tobias   Coone,  248. 
Tunis   Van   VIeck,  426,  427. 


Union  Market,  171. 


Valhalla,  497,   5C8,  593. 
(5)    Van   VIeck   Owen,   103,  386,  426,  428. 
Vice  Pres.   Richard  Johnson,  257. 
Vincent    Shipley,   409. 

(5)  Viola   Swain    (Du    Bose),   103. 

(5-M)    Vira    Antoinette    Brailling    (Fowler),    427. 

(6)  Virgil    Dwight    Moore,    382,   398,   401. 

(4)    Virginia    Hamilton    Williams    (Bedell),    382,    393, 

394,  395. 
(4)    Virginia    R.  Williams,  384,  416,  417. 
Voltaire,  348. 


-W- 


Walker   Bowman,   198. 

(4)  Walter  Dark  Williams,  335,  418,  421. 

(5)  Walter   H.  Williams,  103,  385,  416,  419. 
(6-M)    Walter    Kirkpatrick,   394. 

4-M)    Walter   L.   Williams,  411,  412,  413. 
Walter  Scott,  178,   195,  248. 

(6)  Watson     S.     DeWees,    408,    411. 
"W.   B.   Pike,"  483. 
Westminster   Abbey,   501,   592. 
Whittlesey,  331,  579. 

W.    J.    Mannering,   221. 

(6)    Wilds    Du    Bose,    103,    386,    420,    423. 

Wiley  Weeks.  136,  14C. 

(6)    Wilford    J.    DeWees,   408,   411. 

William   A.    Dunham,  271. 

William    Bare,  Jr.,   123,   124,   125,   132. 

William    B.    McKinley.   503. 

William    Burt,  355. 

William   Cullen    Bryant,  491,   573,  589. 

Will    Darby,  257. 

William  Deckers,  432. 

William    Ewart  Gladstone,  368,  584. 

William   F.  Fabey,  482. 

William   Farmer   (father  G.  C.  Farmer),  418,  421,  425. 

William   Fisher,  32,  72,  96,  101. 

William    Garretson,   72,   73,   390. 

(4)    William    Gisborn    Farmer,  103,  386,  424,  425. 

William    G.    Rheinhart,   180. 

William    H.   Danforth,  335,  337. 

(4)    William    Henry    Harrison   Williams,  382,. 393,  394. 

(4)    William    H.   Foreman,   174,   175,   178,   180,  241. 

William    Hcdgin,   248. 

(5-M)    William    Howard    Dunlavy,   398,   399. 

William    H.   Scott,    178,  248. 

William    McComas,   135. 

William    McKinley,   271,   573. 

William  M.  Davidson,  263,  268,  269,  314,  336. 

William    Millhcuse,   80. 

William    Penn,    272,    368,    570. 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


William    Siemens,   361,   584. 

(4  M)    William   S.   McKinney,  394.  395. 

(5)    Will    Starbuck,   394. 

William  Thompson,  44,  50. 

(3-IVI)    William  Van  VIeck,  66,  95,  96,  103,  426,  427. 

(4)  Wm.  Van  VIeck,  Jr.,  64,  68,  103,  386,  426,  427. 

(5)  William  Wilbur  DeWees,  408,  409. 

(4)    Willoughby   Leroy  Williams,  384,  411,  412. 
Woodrow  Wilson,  326,  331,  461,  578. 
Woodward  &   Dwight,  436,  479. 
W.   S.   Pike,   172. 
W.  T.  Pyne,  162. 
W.  W.  Maxwell,  360. 


Yokum   &    Butcher,   lie 


Zacherias  Bailey,  249. 

(4-M)    Zebulon    Worral,    395,    397. 


Note. — This  index  contains   reference  to   1130  char 
acters  mentioned  in  this   History. 


ftaJoigh 


MEjMORANDA 


.1  .v^,i^-0  ^^^ 


THE    WILLIAMS    HISTORY 


North  Carolina  State  Libraiy 
Raleigh 


GR      929.2  W721Wil 


Williams,  Milton  Franklin,  1846- 
The  Williams  history,  tracing  the  descen 


3  3091  00258  6212