Wiltshire archaeological and natural history magazine

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WILTSHIRE
Archeological ant Batueal Wistory
- MAGAZINE,

Published unver the Birectton of the Society
FORMED IN THAT COUNTY, A.D. 1853.

VOL. XXII.

DEVIZES:
H. F. Butt, 4, Saint JoHN STREET.

1885.

Tue Eprtor of the Wiltshire Magazine desires that it should
be distinctly understood that neither he nor the Committee of the
Wiltshire Archeological and Natural History Society hold themselves
in any way answerable for any statements or opinions expressed
in the Magazine; for all of which the Authors of the several
papers and communications are alone responsible.

CONTENTS OF VOL. XXII,

No. LXIV.

Extracts from the Records of the Wiltshire Quarter Sessions (Continued) :
Communicated by R. W. Merriman, Clerk of the Peace ...............
Murder in the Seventeenth Century: By W. W. RavenuHiILL, Esq.,
ErscordenOot ANG OWED Oi jiseadcdccscsactetcarcuahatscssendeveruateavestesenssacenas
“A Dismal Depression in 1622”: By the Rev. R. H. CLurrersuckr ...
On the Occurrence of some of the Rarer Species of Birds in the Neigh-
bourhood of Salisbury: By the Rev. A. P. Morrzs, Vicar of Britford
PRS HIDTILCULY sacs estate debs cat sneha ak kde ees de Devt ua spe dasubncdvoees seedendeance
On some Un-Noted Wiltshire Phrases: By the Rev. W. C. PLENDER-
Ne As ery gare da eiqaahiveyleldemteiaiiemianeteid daar dcieu exes cae laaeaweaaes'eus
PMR EDORMCORLNG) GOL san cots ck aco sciiadecse dusters sosthieacctevnasseeavecnctecsasibas
The Flint Implements of Bemerton and Milford Hill, near Salisbury ...
Some Notes on the Breeding of the Acherontia Atropos .........secseeseeee :

No. LXV.

Account of the Thirtieth General Meeting, at Shaftesbury...... Pacattica ean
Cranborne Chase: by the Rev. Canon J. E. Jackson, F.S.A. ........0008
Sketch of the Geology of the Neighbourhood of Shaftesbury: By the

Rev. T. Perxins, M.A., Head Master of Shaftesbury School............

~ “On Gnostic Amulets”: By the Rev. W. F. SHORT .........cccsecsesueeees

On the Occurrence of some of the Rarer Species of Birds in the Neigh-
bourhood of Salisbury: By the Rev. A. P. Morrss, Vicar of Britford
| TTT ERROR EC ERBORE seo cB SBOE STEED SOLO ESCE OO IDE EE ECC RCET EET eEEED

Extracts from the Records of the Wiltshire Quarter Sessions(Continued):
Communicated by R. W. Mrerziman, Clerk of the Peace ............48

Notes on Un-Described Articles in the Stourhead Collection, in the

County Museum at Devizes...........ccccsecsecssescssccesconnes PaNieruazauuees
Extracts from a Note-Book by Sir R. C. Hoare, Bart........:ccccsseeeeveeees

107

117

133
148

174
182
191
212

232
234

iv CONTENTS OF VOL XXI.

No. LXVI.
Collections for a History of West Dean; By the Rev. G. 8S. Mastuz

EERE CLOIS) Soran coicislen vscata a tnducdte ie teas bebteblente v's de ceiitioa vale gaedah saan ieee meee 239
Wiltshire Chantry Furniture: By the Rev. Canon Jackson, F.S.A. ... 318
“‘ Notes on some Wiltshire Superstitions” : By the Rev. Canon Epprup,

Wigario® Bremb ill iu stisedestuosssecdtcantne ap tescsesenaceseharceccatee meneame 330
The Church Heraldry of North Wiltshire: By A. ScHomserre, Esq. ... 335
Barrows on Roundway Hill: By Mr. Cunnineton, F.G.S. ............66 340:
Antiquities presented by Sir Henry Hoare, Bart. : By Mr. CUNNINGTON,

GES. ishacariews vo siac'd bas eewa sc du dts asiccin Wale tava nl su aneay'es coe came Omar eeMteneae 341
Barrow at Ogbourne St. Andrew’s, Wilts: By Mr. Cunnineton, F.G.S. 345
Obituaries. Dr. Baron and Canon Rich-Jones ..........sceeeseesseee veneee 349
The Anniversary General Meeting of the Society......ccccccsecseseceecense ene 354
Donations to Museum and Library ...secccscscsseessees seta aipieh nite Reon wee 356

Tllustrations.

Fac-simile of Order of Justices, 1604, 18. Plan I., near Bemerton, 118. Plan,
II., part of Milford Hill, 118. Five Illustrations of Implements from
Bemerton and Milford Hill, 120.

Map of Cranborne Chase, 149. Harry Good, the Deer-hunter of Cranborne
Chase, and his party, 160. Fac-simile of Postscript in handwriting of Chief
Justice Popham, October, 1606, 222. Small Urn, from Winterbourne Stoke
Down, 232. Bone Pin, from Winterbourne Stoke Down, 233.

Plan of Roman Villa at West Dean, 244.

141 JUL 18

No. LXIV. DECEMBER, 1884. Vou. XXII.

THE

WILTSHIRE
Archeological and Poteal Wrstary
MAGAZINE,

OF THE

SOCIETY FORMED IN THAT COUNTY,

A.D. 1853.

| : DEVIZES:
PRINTED AND Soup FoR THE Socrery By H. F. But, Samr Joun Sreest.

Price 5s. 6d.—Members Gratis.

NOTICE TO MEMBERS.

Members who have not paid their Subscriptions to the Society for
the current year, are requested to remit the same forthwith to
the Financial Secretary, Mr. Witt1am Nort, 15, High Street,
Devizes, to whom also all communications as to the supply
of Magazines should be addressed, and of whom most of the
back Numbers may be had.

The Numbers of this Magazine will not be delivered, as issued,
to Members who are im arrear of their Annual Subscriptions,
and who on being applied to for payment of such arrears, have
taken no notice of the application.

All other communications to be addressed to the Honorary Secre-
taries: the Rev. A. C. Smirn, Yatesbury Rectory, Calne;
and H. E. Mepuicorr, Esq., Sandfield, Potterne, Devizes.

The Rev. A. C. Smirx will be much obliged to observers of birds
in all parts of the county, to forward to him notices of rare
occurrences, early arrivals of migrants, or any remarkable facts
connected with birds, which may come under their notice.

To be published by the Wiltshire Archaological and Natural History
Society.

DEE... FLORAL OF Waa

BY THE REY ; Ta AC] PRESTON, Mies

The Author will be glad if any who could assist him with a list of plants
in their several localities would kindly communicate with him. Early information
is particularly desired. Address—Rey. T. A. Preston, The Gieen, Marl-
borough.

Also, now im the Press, a reprint of the
Guide to the Hritish and Roman Antiquities of
the alorth GHliltshire Dotuns.

In a Hundred Square Miles round Abury; being a Key to the
Large Map of the above.

BY THE REV. A. C. SMITH, MiA,x

WILTSHIRE

MAGAZINE.

Arebeologiral ant Batural Wistary

No. LXIV. Vout. XXII,
PAGE
Extracts FROM THE RECORDS OF THE WILTSHIRE QUARTER SESSIONS
(Continued) : Communicated by R. W. Merriman, Clerk of the Peace if
Murder IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY: By W. W. Ravenhill, Esq.,
RCOOTACTIOLCATIOON EL hc des conven ca ica shoatte de vec coscactecodeWacveccides meee, 39
“A DismaL DEPRESSION IN 1622”: By the Rev. R. H. Clutterbuck 70
On THE OccCURRENCE OF 80ME OF THE RARER SPECIES OF BIRDS IN
THE NEIGHBOURHOOD oF SaLisBuRY: By the Rev. A. P. Morres,
Vicar of Britford (Continued) ......cccccccccsliscecscchecscnscecuses wecucees 83
On some Un-Norep WILtTsHIRE Purases: By the Rev. W. C.
Plenderleath, M.A. ............. Dipl estes rancedeadtedeee ocean i mee cats dec aes 107
PUR TO) THI) WDETOR yi s2hs. 5.2 S52 avdsis debi ce doovess bededevebiaheeteves vonnes 114
Tur Frint IMPLEMENTS OF BEMERTON aND MILFoRD HILL, NEAR
PERU ON Gwen ta ie aaa sat rniesaaesctsarcssaticarenrseseaaseseGateeeecccecchccenec 117
Some Norzs oN THE BREEDING oF THE ACHERONTIA ATROPOS...... 124

ILLUSTRATIONS.
Fac-simile of Order of Justices, 1604 ........ccecccceccuce 13
Plan I, near Bemertton ..............scescececoscevecccecceese 118
Plan IL, part of Milford Hill..:....::..i....cc0sessesecoecees 118
Five Illustrations of Implements from Bemerton and
PPUICOE GRADER eaeats edeset tte velincs) Guvaxcssec acess Scene eae 120
DEVIZES :

H. F. Buut, 4, Saint Jonn Street.

THE

WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE.

“ MULTORUM MANIBUS GRANDE LEVATUR ONUS. —Ovid.

“Gatvacts from the Records of the Wiltshire
Onarter Sessions.

“Communicated by R. W. Muznriman, Clerk of the Peace.

(Continued from Vol. xxi., p. 121.)
REIGN OF KING JAMES THE FIRST.
First Serizs, 1603—1609.

The Accession—Sessions Rolls.——Muniment Room—Pensioners—
Passports—Plague—Rates and Rating—Pauper Children—
Penance—Excommunication—Recusanecy—Breach of the Peace
within consecrated precincts—Game Laws—Husbandry and
Common Fields—Purveyance—Scandalum magnatum—Police—
Misbehaviour—Liquor-laws—Official Communications to the
Court—Searchers of Cloth—Bridges—Larceny, subjects of
Theft—Miscellaneous Presentments—Practice and Procedure
—Appendix.

G4 HE chorus of jubilation, amid which “the modern Solomon ”
ascended the throne of England, found no echo at the
Wiltshire Quarter Sessions. If, like the obsequious legislators
of the day, the justices did indeed “upon the knees of their
hearts agnize” all the blessings of the Jacobean accession, they
controlled their feelings and proceeded to business, leaving on
their minutes no trace of courtly utterances. And the business
which occupied them under King James differed in no important
VOL. XXII.—NO. LXIV. 4d B

2 Extracts from the Records of the

particular from that which they had dispatched under Queen Eliza-
beth.' Still flowed the stream of recognizances in undiminished
volume; still came the frequent badger for his licence, the maimed
soldier for his pension, the burnt-out cottager for a bounty, the
houseless labourer for leave to build himself an habitation; still
the hundred-juries sent in their presentments of highways in decay,
and of persons who sold ale without licence, or absented themselves
from Church; and still the familiar types of crime earned for them-
selves the familiar forms of punishment.

But while in the sixteenth century the records of these transactions
are scanty, in the seventeenth they are abundant: in the year 1603
begins the series of great rolls or sessions bundles (Jundelli or filacit
sessionis), which, in fairly continuous sequence, extends from that
time to the present day.

These rolls—one for each sessions—are systematically made up.
Topmost come the writs returnable at each sessions, to the number,
sometimes, of sixty or seventy—thin slips of parchment about ten
inches long and less than an inch in width, charged with nearly two
hundred words in microscopic handwriting ; like their successors of
current practice they run in the name of the Sovereign, are tested
in that of the Custos Rotulorum, and bear the subscription (the
surname only) of the Clerk of the Peace. To these succeed the
recognizances, more numerous than the writs, of every size and
shape, and interesting chiefly from the signatures of the magistrates
by whom they were taken. The recognizances are occasionally
illustrated by the autograph annotations of the justice, such as :—
“for suspicion of killing a deer—read his examination” ; “a
notoriously disordered person, after many warnings” ; “ for striking
and revylyng an honest minister.” Then follow the indictments,
of which examples will occur in the following pages. Then the
roll of the grand jury and the jury panels returned by the several
hundreds. With these are frequently found panels of arraignment
containing the names of twelve selected jurors, and also those of the

1 And see the summary of regular magisterial work given #2 Canon Jackson’s
“ Longleat Papers,” yol. xiv., p. 208.

~
»

Wiltshire Quarter Sessions. 8

arraignment or set of prisoners upon whose trials they had been
sworn. All these are on parchment. The presentments from the
hundreds are for the most part written on paper, as are the confessions
and depositions of accused persons and witnesses, petitions of appl-
cants to the court, official communications to the justices, and
narratives of nuisance or misbehaviour proceeding from a scandalized
or irritated neighbourhood, Last of all comes the precept for the
sessions, agreeing generally with the form! given in Keble’s J ustice,
and the parchment wrapper, which bears the caption of the sessions
and a schedule of the hundreds making returns thereto.

It is interesting to learn that in 1606 the justices were taking
heed to their archives, and that then, as within recent memory, the
prison was assigned as the home of the county records.

Hilary, 1605-6 :—

“Whereas the house and tenement w*" thapp’tenances scituate w**in the
Borough of the Devizes in the foreseid countye nowe comonly called Bridewell
als the house of correccon was longe since p’chased in fee simple at the gen’all
charge of the foresaid Countye for the publique use and service of the same
countye, and that yf care should not be had thereof yt would in short time growe
ruinous and in great decaye and thereby become onfitt for the publique use and
service aforesaid or for any other publicque service for this countye And whereas
at this p’sent there is noe certen place appointed for the keepinge of the records
of this countye And thai yt is considered of by the foresaid justices that the
foresaid messuage and Tenement may be most meete for the said use Yt is or-
dered . . . . . That John Kent gentleman Clerke of the Peace of this
Countye being a publique Officer of the same Countye shall enter into and holde
the possession of the said messuage and tenement in the name and to thuse of
the same countye and see the same maynetayned and kept in good and sufficient
reparacons for the uses above menconed And shall also view and surveye whether
the same messuage and tenement or any p’te thereof maye be made fitte for the
safe Keepinge of the foresaid records of this Countye to thintent that yf upon
such view thereof by him made he shall certifie the foresaid Justices Bok :
[they] maye take course for makinge thesame . .. - fitt and meete for
the safe Keepinge of the foresaid records, or for suche other publique use for this
Countye as to their wisdomes and discrecons shall hereafter seeme most meete
and convenient.’’

ee

1The Wiltshire precept, with the sheriff’s return thereto, is set out in full in

the appendix. In the form given by Keble the precept is issued in the names of

“the subscribing justices: in Wiltshire it runs in the name of the sovereign, and
bears the conventional signature of the Clerk of the Peace.

B 2

4 Extracts from the Records of the

It will be readily understood that from these sessions rolls or
bundles may be gathered a much more complete narrative of any
given transaction than could be expected from the condensed entries
in the minute books. The case of the army pensioners may be
cited as an illustration. In the minute book there would perhaps
be a brief note of the man’s service and of the pension awarded
him: on the sessions rolls are to be found all the papers connected
with his candidature. Some particularity had evidently become
necessary in the mode of preferring these applications, a necessity
dealt with in the third clause of the following articles: !

“Wiltes. Articles agreed on at the Quarter Sessions of the Peace holden at
Marleboroughe the tenthe day of Januarie in the second yeere of his Ma‘
Taigne!.\ 5. bls

“1. First it is ordered and agreed uppon That the Justices of peace of eache
sev’all Divizion in this said county shall before the Feast of Thannunciation of
the blessed Virgin Mary next assemble and meete togither in theire sev’all
divisions To consider what is fitt to be done concerninge the statute of Quinto
Eliz for Labourers touchinge Relievinge dep’tinge wages and orderinge of Ap-
prentices and servants in husbandry and all other trades menconed in that Statute
And that they will consult w‘ men experienced in husbandry and other trades
for their better informacon therein.

2. Itm That the Justices of ev’y divizion of this county shall meete at the
Devizes on Tuesday before Easter next for that purpose and bringe w™ them men
of ev’y sev’all divizion experienced as aforesaid, yf theye shall finde it convenient,
there to consider togither for the better execucon of the saide Statute against the
next Quarter Sessions.

“3. Itm That the Thres [treasurers] for maimed soldiers paye noe pencon
but to suche as shall bringe theire patents to them under seales and that they
take a note of the time and effects of ev’y patent and returne the same to the
Clarke of the Peace.

1 The following additional order concerning labourers illustrates the utility of
the assizes as occasions for magisterial conferences.

Hilary, 1605-6 ;—

“It is thought fitt and soe ordered . , . . Thatall the Justices of the Peace of this Countye
weh shalbe p’sent at the next gen’all Assises and Gaole delivery to be holden within the same shall
at some convenient time and place in the time of the said assises or in the eveninge folowinge
thende of the same assises convene and meete together to consult conferre and advise by suche wayes
and meanes as to there discrecons shall seeme best touchinge the p’porcion of rates for the wages of
servants labourers artificers and handy craftsmen to be given and taken wthin the foresaid Countye,
to thintent that att the next gen’ all Sessions of the peace to be holden wthin this Countye after the
Feast of Master next ensuinge an indifferent rate of the wages aforesaid may then be agreed upon
and concluded and sett downe respectinge the price and rates of things as the times nowestand .»

and the rather for that at the meetinge accordinge to the counsells orders the same may be
put in due execicon.’’

a

Wiltshire Quarter Sessions. 5

“4, Itm That there be sent to the hres of the maimed soldiers a Taxe of ev'y
p'ishe w'"in ev’y sev’all divizion after the rate of iiij’ a p’ishe as was agreed at
the last Quarter Sessions at Easter and the arrerages to be p’sently levyed and
payed.

“5. Itm That all Lycences to be graunted to shoot in a Hand Gunn or Bird-
inge Pieces accordinge to the last statute fur Hawkes-meate shall be graunted in
open sessions and not to continue above one yeere.

‘6. Itm That no such Licence be granted to any unlesse he shall bringe a
certificate under the hand and seale of some Justice of the Peace of that Divizion
wherein he dwelleth of his abilitye honestie and fitnes to have such Licences.

“7. Itm if anyone havinge such Lycens shall hereafter shoote at any other
foule or otherwise contrary to the statute in that behalfe made shalbe disabled to
have any such Lycence received at any time then after.

‘‘JHon HUNGERFORDE La Hyp
“Hengy Martyn G TooxkeEr.”

Specially does the court seem to have been occupied with the case
of one Richard Sumner, a pertinacious person, who had no mind to
be satisfied with the frugal alms doled out tv him by the county
almoner. His “ patent’? is found on the roll of the Michaelmas
Sessions, 1605, and runs as follows :—

““ Whereas yt appeareth by the certificat of Sr Erasmus Vere Knight that the
bearer hereof Richard Somner served as a gonn’ in the service at Ostend and by
the noyse of the gonne shott isbecome so dephe that cannot heare as also maymed
that is not longer able to serve forasmuch as by reason thereof he is to be releved
by vertue of the statut establyshed in the last Sessyon of Parliamt made for the
relyfe of hurt and maymed souldiers It is therefore not to be doubted but that
the Justices of the peace and Treasorers for the County of Wiltes wher he was
imprest will have a care to see hem provided of such a yearly stipent for his
reliefe and mayntenance as by the tennor of the statut is ordayned to a servitor
of his place and quallyty. From Belsis this first of February 1605.

“To the Right Wo" the Justices

of the Peace and others the Trers « W. Waap.” *

for the monie collected for the re-

lyfe of hurt and maymed souldiers

for the county of Wiltes.”

On this paper the treasurer makes the following entries :—

“Wyltes. Geven to the berer heroff the xxvij'® of March 1605,f xij%.
‘“Wryitim Ley.”

* No doubt the same Sir William Wade who, as Lieutenant of the Tower, made way for Sir
Gervase Elwes at the time of the Overbury murder, and who, justly or unjustly, fell under suspicion
of concocting evidence against sir Walter Raleigh. He isalso.referred to as ‘* Chief Muster-master.’’

+ Like many a modern correspondent when the year has just turned, Mr. Ley, wrote at first 1604
and then corrected the last figure,

6 Extracts from the Records of the

“Tt? Further geven to this berer ye 29" of March a Purse by ye apoyntment
of S' Jasper More Knyght S* James Marvin Knight [names illegible] and others
nynten shillyngs.

“Wriim Ley.”

But Sumner had no notion of being dismissed with such pittances,
and thus resumed the attack :—

“To the King’s Most Excellent Mat.

“The humble Peti’ of Rychard Somner a poore maymed souldier.

“That being sent by a Warrant from S" Will™ Wade for to be releved in the
County of Wylts wher he was imprest by reason that being a Gonner at Ostend
by the noyse of Cannon Shott he is become dephe as also was very sore hurt
wherby he is no longer able to serve—and hath herd that by the Lord lyftents
means andghe Justices some small allowance of money, but no c’tayty [certainty]
for his relyfe being in case he is not able to travaill hemself in regard of his in-
firmyties having nothing to sucker his wants being past his sencys [senses]
wherby his wyf is to go to imploy his bussynes.

“Tt may therfore please y" Royall Mat* for good
cause the p’myss’ consydered to direct y" Ma** favorable
Lres to the Right Hon’able the Earl of Hertford Lord
Lyftennt of the s* County that he may derect his order
to the Justices ther that som present peace of mony
may be geven hem to sucker hem and pay his Surgion
And he shall ev’ pray for yo" Mat &c.

“The Court at Winsor the ix'* of September 1605.

“Tt is his Ma* pleasur that the right honnorable the Earll of Hertford will
tak order w' the forsaid Justices of Peace for this poor woman in the behalf of
her husband for som present peac of mony to pay his Surgion and that he may
no further truble his Maty

“ Jux': Cmsar.”

Thereupon the Lord Lieutenant :—

“‘T have lately receaved a peticon of a poore man the Bearer hereof Richard
Somner a maymed souldier heretofore prest out of this countie w” a reference
from S‘ Julius Cesar signifyinge the Kings Ma*®’s pleasure that order should be
taken for a present peece of money in lew of a pencon accordinge to the Statute
in that behaulfe, w* if yo" Treasury be soe well stored that yo" maie conveniently
bestowe some tenn poundes or twenty marks upon him for a full satisfacon would
be both charitable in regard of the impotence and misery of the poore man and
acceptable in preventing further trouble to his Ma‘* Therefore consideringe
that yt doth as well appertaine unto yo" as myselfe I have sent him w" the saide
peticon to be ordered accordinge to yo" discrecons wishinge him good speede in
respect of his Mati*t pleasure and his owne povertie. Thus w™ my hartie com-
endacons I conitte yo" to God. From my house at’ Newbury this xxvj day of
September 1605.

“Yvr Loving Frend
“ HERTFORD.”

Wiltshire Quarter Sessions. 7

Thus impelled the court voted to Sumner a payment of twenty
nebles, to be contributed in equal proportions by the treasurers for
the northern and southern parts of the county. But, even so, he
rested not content, for, under his further solicitations, Lord Hertford,
at the Michaelmas Sessions, 1606, thus moves the court anew :—

“T have heretofore written unto yo" upon y' like reference from his Ma** in
y’ behaulfe of this poore impotent man Richard Somner for an allowance of xx
markes to be given him in lewe of a Pension for his former service donne as a
Master Gunner in her late Mati** time, who as I am enformed hath received of
that some onely xx nobles and beinge nott well satisfied therew™ hath since
troubled his Ma“* whose pleasure signifyed by Sir Julius Czesar is that eyther he
should have the full some of xx markes given him or a yearely pention for his
releife The necessity and misery of y* pore man moves me very much to re-
commend his sute unto yo" who havinge spent that little he had at the Bathe
and ellswhere seekinge for help is nowe destitute of all meanes of releife Where-
fore yt were very convenyent yo" did take such order amonge yo' selves that he
may be satisfyed, that neyther his Ma** nor yo" may be any more troubled
therew'* And soe w my very hartie comendacons I comitt yo" to God. From
my Lodge at Tottenham this first day of October, 1606.”

The justices seem to have resolved that they would “not be any
more troubled therewith,” for the above paper bears the following
note :—

“Mr. Kent [clerk of the peace] We have allowed this berer Richard Suner
the su of v! to be p* equally by the Thrers of the collecon of the reliefe for
maymed soldiours.”

The “patents” under the hand of Sir William Wade are of
frequent occurrence: one candidate had served under Sir Francis
Stafford, another under Sir Francis Rushe, others under Sir Oliver
St. John, Sir John Throgmorton, or Captain Richard Byngley.
Ireland had generally been the scene of their exploits. Sir Oliver’s
man is described as having been “a souldier of my Foote company
during all the tyme of my being in Ireland in the late rebellion of
Tyrone, and the moste part of that tyme was a corporal] of a squadron
in that company”: Sir John’s candidate had served “her late
maj’ in the Kingdom of Fraunce.”’ Such old soldiers formed a
substantial contribution to the ranks of vagrancy, and occasionally
got into trouble, even when travelling with a proper passport. One

’

8 Extracts from the Records of the

man, wounded in Flanders, confessed to a theft of two bands at
Fisherton, and excused himself by the statement “that the cause of
his stay in Saru and Fisherton was for that he being hurt wth a
shott in the thigh some of the Surgeons in Saru did p’mise to give
him some salve to cure the said wound . . . . And saith that
the cause wherefore he took the said two bands was for that he was
hungry and wanted money to buy meate w'Yall.”

Another moved about with the following imposing document :—

“ Brabant. To all Governors Collonells Captains Burgamasters Comptrollers
Commanders Customers Searchers Portreeves Water-baylieffs and all
other the King’s Ma** Officers Mynisters and Lovinge Subjects whatsoev’
greetinge

“Know ye that I Henry Woodhouse Captaine of one Foote Company under

the paye of the Lords the States in the Lowe Countreyes have lycensed the bearer
herof William Aylward souldier of my company to depte from my collers and to
passe into the Realme of England to dispach his necessary busines amongest
his frinds And I have graunted unto him these my lres forloughe for three
months next after the date hereof—and then to retorne unto my said collers
againe at his uttermost pille. These are therefore to will and desyer you and
everye of you that you doe quietly p’mitt and suffer him to pass by you wout
any your lett stayes or hindrances he beinge of good behavio'. And that he may
be releeved accordinge to the statut in that behalf established And all constables
to helpe them to lodginge in due tyme to avoid the dannger of the lawe in that
case made and provided. Yeaven under my hand and seall at my garison att
Burgon apsom the xxvij* of February 1608.
“Henry Woopuovse.” LS.

This paper bears the unfeeling endorsement :—

“ Counterfeat Passports of John Hill, Will™ Alleward and John Will™, the
xx‘ of M’che 1608.”

If it be indeed a forgery it is a highly creditable performance,
and seems to have served its turn in a good many counties, for at
the bottom of the passport appear the following memoranda, all
apparently genuine :—

“The berer hereof landed at Dover in the county of Kent the seconde day of
March 1608, and is to passe to . . . . in the County of Devon unto his

frinds and to retorne accordinge to his passe.
“by me RoBerT GARRETT Maior.”

* Kent. Geven this berer for relieffe to passe this County ijs.
“Tao Hawex Trer.”

Wiltshire Quarter Sessions. 9

“‘Midlx. Geven to this berer the v'* of M’ch for his releifie to ie evi

this county.
“ Henry WEATHERFIELD Tre.”

“Surr: 13 M’cij. Geven this bearer towards his releyfe xij’.
“THo BrapFELDE Tresr.”

The art of fabricating passes, whether for the military or civilian

vagrant, had, no doubt, its habitual professors. A wanderer,
who describes himself as having at Lavington “ used the trade
of a sheareman and petty chapman,” and afterwards, at Highworth,
“used to sell all kind of seeds for gardens,” met, “at Kinnett
neare Marleborough,” one John Fowler, unknown to him, who
promised “that he would make him a pasport whereby he might
travell and gaine much by the y™ w" accordingly hedid . . . .
for w% pasport he gave the said Fowler six pence and hath ever
since travelled about sondrie ptes of the County of Wilts togeather
with his wief and one sonne of the age of nine yeares—they all
coming yesterday to Tysbury mett with the minister there Mr.
John Williams who examining him caused him to be delivered to
the Tythingman to be caryed before some J ustice of Peace to be
examined.”
Another old soldier, Geoffrey Jefferys by name, came in great
danger of the gallows. He became involved in a case of horse-
stealing, and had the good fortune to be acquitted, while his two
fellow-prisoners were ordered for execution. His connection with
the business may have been remote and difficult of proof, and the
tedious length to which the depositions extend may be attributed to
the endeavour to connect him with the crime. Two of the documents
appended to the depositions are letters from Robert Wright, one of
the accused, who thus addressed a friend with an undecipherable
name :—

“Thes ar to intrete you that you will doe me that favor as to intrete my oste
at the red lyon in grenege to have some pasture for on weeke for thes thre horses.
thay are a frendes “of myne, and in London is vere bad for horses meate . .
no mor to troubell you by the lord bles you from Sproten Hall in Suffolke this
present Thursday.”

The second letter mentioned Jefferys by name; it ran :—

“Cozen William Tallmeag my comendacons to you hopeing to god you be in
good hellth as I am at the writeing her of thes ar to intrete you that you will

10 Extracts from the Records of the

doe me that faver as to plase this baer gafer gafers [this bearer, Geoffrey
Jefferys| with some dromer’s plase for he is a good dromer and have sarved in
ye low countrye and Inlond and he have onest frendes her and he is a onest man,
I praye you . . . . my lordes letter for him in to the lowe contre for a
dromers plase and in so doing you shall mak me thankfull and so I lefe you.
from the Devises x of September 1604 your loving kinsman to his power Ropar?

Wricat.
“I praye you to geve him som presant while he is with you.”

On that same 10th of September Jefferys obtained from the Mayor
of Devizes a certificate to the effect that :—

“ Jeffery Jefferys a dromer the sonne of Richard Jefferys of Southbrome neere
the Devizes . . . . lat abode in the said Devizes, and now w* the good will
of his said father is mynded to travell untyl he be settled w% Jeffery have
used himself honestly and of good behavor as we are credybly informed and that
he is sounde from anie Infection of the Plaughe wherby his travell may be wout
Indaungering of the King’s Ma'** people and that he may be received w'"out
anie doubt thereof.”

The certificate bears the Mayor’s seal of office, and the signatures
of “ John Perse, Mayor, John Drewe, Wyllam Weythers, Constabull.”
A census of pensioners chargeable to the north part of the county
is among the papers filed on the roll of the Easter Sessions, 1605 ;

whence it appears that :—

1 pensioner was receiving £8 per annum.
£6 13s. 4d., reduced from an original

1 ” »
grant of £13 6s. 8d.
1 oH = £6 3s. 4d., abated from £20.
8 3 ob) £5.
3 af - £4, two of these abated from £5.
Bibs on HEB iene
i: 5 = £3, abated from £5.
2 aH ra £2, abated from £3 6s. 8d.
i py 3 £1 13s, 4d.
1 “abated quite because lewde and not maymed.”

The plague of which the Mayor of Devizes speaks had driven the
King from London to Wilton, and had not spared the towns of
Wiltshire. Salisbury suffered severely ; the table of burials in the

ow ae e os
ee

CS ap

Wiltshe Quarter Sessions. il

three city parishes during the year 1604, given by Hatcher, shews
; that in the month of August of that year the deaths numbered two |
__ hundred and thirty-five.

The municipal authorities. made what ordinances they could for
. the protection of their towns, and the justices legislated for the
county :—

* Wiltes. Orders made and agreed upon by the Justices of the Peace of the
forest Countye at the Open Gen’all Quarter Sessions of the Peace of the same
county holden at the City of New Sar’ The Tuesday next after the Feast of the
Epiphany &c. in the yere of the raigne of O" Sov’aigne Lord King James &c.
viz. of Englande &c. the first and of Scotlande the xxxvij"

* Whereas div’s Townes Villages and other places w’thin this county ar at this
p’sent infected w the contajious disease of the pestilence and that notw'standing
any good order or p’vision made and taken by his Ma“** Officers and Ministers
of the saide places for p’vencon of the disperse thereof div’s insolent and stubborne
people infected therew being shutt up (by order) in their houses or other places
convenient and there competently p’vided for and relieved wt» all maner necessary
p’vision fitt for them Doe very uncivily and outragiously demesne and behave
them selves towards the said officers and other their neighbo™ of the places wher
the s‘ infecon ys, refusing to keepe them selves in according to the orders taken
and p’scribed them in that behalfe but very uncharitably p’sume to leave their
houses and places appointed them and to set them selves in the company of their
neighbo™ both in their private houses and other publick meetings free as yett
from the s‘ infecon to the great offence of their s* neighbo™ and daunger of
further encrease of the s‘ disease (as the Court is very credibly enformed) yf
some good order therein be not taken Yt is therefor ordered by the Justices of
the Peace of the st County assembled at the forest Gen’all Quarter Sessions That
the Constables Bayliffs Tithingmen and other his Maties Officers wthin the
peincts and lymitts of such Townes and places as now or hereafter shalbe infected
wh the s‘ disease shall and maye use all good and fit meanes for the urging and
compelling all the people in any house infected thereof to kepe close in the house
where the s‘ infection is or where they shalbe by order placed for the tyme
lymitted and appointed them And that every such pson . . . . w*" shall
happen to be infected w* the s‘disease . . . . and shalbe commanded to
kepe close . . : . and shall stubbornely and obstinately refuse to be ordered
or shall evile intreat any such officer in this behalfe and p’sume to presse or come
into any company cleene of the s‘ infecon That then suche p’son and p’sons (so
misbehaving themselves) after suche time as he or they shalbe founde whole and
sounde of the said infection shall Le comitted . . . . unto the house of
correction . . . . neerest untosuche Towne . . . . there to remayne
by the space of one moneth next after his or their comittemt and shall once every
daye duringe his ymprisonm* there be punished by whipping and after
. . shall find sufficient security for his good behavio'.”

Further order was made :—

“Wor avoydinge of further encrease of the infection of the pestilence w™ by

12 Extracts from the Records of the

daily experience ys founde to growe by the wanderinge upp and downe the country
of idle and loyteringe vagabounds and other loose p’sons w*" now of late have
taken more lib’tye to travaile then. heretofore in regarde that the constables
Tithingmen and Hedboroughes . . . . have byn very remisse in thexecucon
of the statute made in the xxxix yere of the Raigne of our late Sov’aigne Ladye
Queene Elizabeth for the punishm' of Rogues Vagabounds and idle beggers.”

The strict observance of the Act was enjoined upon the responsible
officers, and churchwardens and sidesmen were bidden :—

“Upon the receipt of a copie of this order to cause the same to be published
openly in their p’ishe churches ymediately after divine prayer in the p'sence of
the p’ishioners.”

So far the patients are dealt with as a class; in the following
minute the individual receives attention.

Trinity, 1604 :—

“ We thinck it fitt that whereas on [one] Wolfine is nowe come from Sar’to Birt-
forde now the habitacon of the lady M’kesse of Northampton unto whome in respect
of his trade divers of the inhabitants of the Citye of Sar and div’s others does
resort to the great danger of the La: and housholde, that the said Wolfyn be
admonished to returne from whence he came.

“James MERVIN E. LupLowe
“Epw PENRUDDOCEK W: VaucHan

“W. BLAcKER.”

But measures of relief accompanied those of repression.
At the Hilary Sessions, 1603-4 :—

“Upon credible informacon given unto the Court . . . . That the Citty
of Saru and y® Borughes of the Devizes and Marlebroughe* and the p’ishe of
Fisherton Anger w'*in this Countye are infected wt" the disease of the pestilence
And that in the s? Citty and Boroughes and p’ishe their are great numbers of
poore people who onely live and mayntayne them selves by weavinge of Wollen
cloth and spynning to the clothiers and m’ketts . . . . and other manuall
trades and occupacons and nowe are putt of from theire saide works by the
clothiers and others their worke-masters by occasion of the feare of the increase
and further disperse of the s‘ infecon so as nowe there ys noe meanes lefte unto
them the s* poore people to gett their livinge unles it shall please God very

shortly to staye the contagion thereof Yt is therefore ordered . . . . That
from henceforth there shalbe paied by the 'Treasaurers of the collecon of the relief
of the poore prison’s of the Kings Benche and Marshalsey . . . . towards

the reliefe of the st poore people theise soms of money hereafter menconed
to the mayor of the said Citty of Newe Saru weekly the some of xl* .

* The municipal accounts of Marlborough contain entries of payments relating to the plague, See
yol. iii., p, 112.

_

Wiltshire Quarter Sessions. 13

to the Mayor of the Devizes afores’ weekly the some of xl’. and to the Maior of
the Borough of Marleborough afores‘. weekly the some of xl*. and to the Constable
Churchwardens and overseers of the poore of the p’ishe of Fisherton Anger
aforesaid for the behoofe of the poore people of the s* p’ishe weekely xxx’.
a * * * * * *

‘And it is further ordered that yf there be not alredy convenient p’vision
made for the poore people infected w'in the Borough of Calne then the Justices
for that division shall and may alow such further and reasonable alowaunce for
their better reliefe as to their good discrecons shall seeme fit to continue as afores*.

5 “Henry Sarv E LupLowr Wa VaueHan
“James Murvin Epw Prenruppox
*Gytes WrovuecHton Laurence HybrE
“Henry Martyn
“ ALEXANDER TUTT.”

Trinity, 1604 [order here reproduced in fac-simile] :—

“We think ytt fitt there be payd weekely to the Overseers of the poore there
[South Newton] by Mr Smyth Tresorer of the Marshalsye soe longe as the
infecon remaynes in the said towne the some of tenne shillings the like for
Fisherton, Compton Chamberlayne, and Mylford

““E LuDLowE
“James MERVIN Wa: VauGHAN Epw PENRUDDOK.”

But, as before noted, between the Trinity and MichaelmasSessions,
1604, the death-rate in Salisbury had risen alarmingly, and on the
4th October the court made special arrangements for the relief of
the city :—

“ Articles agreed on at the Quarter Sessions at Marleboroughe for the
relief of the Cittie of New Saru and of the p’sons therein infected
w't the sicknes. The fowerth of October 1604.

*Wirste it is agreed That there shalbe weekelie levied out of the countie in
manner and forme hereafter followinge the weeklie some of Twentie Seaven
_ pounds and fower shillinges The same to contynue so longe and untill the

justices of peace shall think the citizens and inhabitants wthin five myles shalbe
founde able to supplie the chardge thereof.
“The said some to be levied of the Inhabitants of ev’y sev'all division and to
be p’porconed by the Justices of peace of ev’y division or the more pte of them
for soe muche as hereafter shalbe appointed to ev’y such sev’all division.
“That wthin Saru there be raised thereof weeklie fower pounds That w’hin the
the five myles of Saru there .be raised weekelie fower pounds and that in the
residewe of the Earle of Pembrook’s devision there shalbe weekely levied the
some of fower poundes In the Earle of Hertfords devision the weekely some of
three pounds and fower shillings In the Lo Chief Justice his division the
_weeklie some of three pounds and fower shillings In Sir James Marvins division
the weeklie some of Three pounds and twelve shillings In Sir Walter Long’s

14 Extracts from the Records of the

division the weekly some of three poundes and fower shillinges And in Sir
William Kyre his devision the weekely some of Fortie shillinges The same to
be equallie p’porconed in ev’y devision according to the discretion of the Justices
of the sev’all devisions or the more prte of them.

“Also we doe taxe ev’y person that shall refuse to paye his pte towards this
contribucon accordinge to the direction of the Justices . . . . at double
that p’porcon that by the said Justices . . . . shalbe laid uppon hym to be
levied accordinge to the statute.

“ Also we doe agree that there shalbe paid on Saturdaye fortenighte nexte a
full p’porcon for one whole monethe from this tyme And so monethlie so longe
as this contribucon shall continue.

Lastlie we doe appointe Gyles Tooker Esq and John Kent gent" To be Re-
ceivors of this money And to give an accompt of his receipts and disbursemts at
ths nexte quarter sessions.

“Wau. Eyre Hn Poor Jo ERNELE
ALEXAND' TurT JHon HuGERFORDE G TooKER
“ Hengy Marryn.”

Some of the functions of a permanent finance committee are

typified in the following entries.
Michaelmas, 1605 :—

“Money of y* cowntryes receaved by Jhon Hungerford of cadnam Esquier by
order of y* last Sessions of the Peace helde at y* Devises upon y* ninth day of
Aprill in the third year of y® raigne of O" soveraigne Lord Kinge James owt of
y° arerrges of ye collection for ye reliefe of y* poore prisoners of y* Kinges Benche
and Marshallsye remaininge in some of y* Treasurer’s hands of y® said collection
for y* Northe part of Wiltshire: and a certificate of some sumes of moneye of y®
cowntryes yet remaininge in some other of y* Treasurers handes of the said
collection to be receaved fro them.

“Imprimis receaved by the handes of St Jhon Ernlye Knight

Treasurer of y® said collection for y* North pt of Wiltshire

ano 43 Eliz 18: 13. 6
“ Receaved of y° Eeocntar of Ww eis a3 lacecedl

Treasurer of y® said Collection for y* North pl of Wilts ano

44° Eliz ... 402
“ Receaved of Thomas Hage gent, Treasurer go Jacobi... Ai woeSncie

“Su of my receyte is £25 :1:9
“Whereof havinge by order of y® said Sessions laid owt abowt

y° reparation of Keylwayes bridge x mA 20.-.-
“There remaines in my handes of y® cowntyes ones ‘ 5a «9
“There remaines in S8'. H Poole’s handes Treasurer 42° Bliz a as

appeareth under his owne hande by his owne accompt_... 31.10. 9
“‘There remaines in the handes of Richard Goddard of Upham

Esquier Treasurer ano primo regis Jacobi... tee 9.41

Su of y* remanett ariseth to £37: 2:5

ee

Wiltshire Quarter Sessions. 15

* As for y* Treasurers for y* reliefe of maighmed soldiers I ca learne of no monye
to be behinde in any of their handes, but most of them have accownted by
order and delivered their surplusages to their successors.

“JHON HUNGERFORDE.”

“The £5 in my custodye was by cosent of y* justices at this Sessions adjudged
to be paid to Thistlethwaight in cosideratio of pt of an allowance made
unto him at this Sessions for losse by fire. a

“JHo HuNGERFORDE.”

Easter, 1609 :—

‘South. Edmund Chadwell gent. Threasorer for y® Marshalsea
Tho: Chafin gent for y*° maymed souldiers

*Northe. Charles Pledal gent. Threasorer for the maymed souldiers
Hugh Barrett gent for y* Marshalsea

“The ould rate for 34 a weeke evy p’ish for ye maymed souldiers and id weekly
for ye M’shalsey to hould this yeare.

“The rate of y® wages for y® laste yeare to stande for this yeare.

“S". Tho: Gorges Mr. Gyles Tooker and Mr. William Blacker are intreated to
take thaccount of y® Threasorers of y® Southe p’te: and to examine what
somes of money are in any man’s hands and to take what care they can
for the levying thereof ;

“S Anthony Hungerford and M* John Hungerford and M* Henry Martin are
intreated to doe the lyke in y* Northe p’te

* All their labors herin are to be returned att the Quarter Sessions next after
Michelmas.”

Michaelmas, 1609:

“The answere of John Hungerford Esqwyre to an order of the Sessions made
att the Devizes 25° Apr in the seaventh yeare of the Kings Mat: raigne for
takinge of Treasurers accompts of the collecons for the maighmed soldyers and
for the reliefe of the poore prisoners and hospitalls for the northe pte of the
cowntie of Wiltes, mencioninge howe manye the saide John Hungerford hathe
dealte w'*all, and what sumes of monye hee hathe receaved of them severally :
Delivered up to the Sessions 30 Octobris in the same yeare.

“ Treasurers for the maighmed soldyers—

1. Richarde Lowe—secudo Jacobi—accowted and returned nothinge in

his hands
2. John Scroope—quarto Jacobi—no account and nothinge in his handes.
“Treasurers for the Hospitalles &c Ea exd.
1. Thomas Ivye—tertio Jacobi—receaved of him ae 4.13.8

2. Symon James gto Jacobi receaved of him “4 3.9.0
3. Edward Gore 5% Jacobi receaved of him aes 8.10.10
4, John Stratton 6'° Jacobi receaved of him Sa 4.16.8

Su of receytes £21.10. 2
Deficit 74.

16 _ Extracts from the Records of the

“All yt did account did returne diverse places to be behinde w sumes of
moneye w they should have paid, but whether those sumes were levied and in
the costables or other officers handes they could not tell. M* Tho Ivye returned
xx®* to be in M* Kente’s hande, clarke of the peace, who tooke of him to pay to
y° Kinges benche and marshallsye more than was due 20°.

“Juon HuGerrorve.*

“M* Kent cofesseth y* receyte thereof affirminge yt he paid it for xx* behind

and unpaied for y* south pt of y® cowtye, deliveringe 40* for y* whole cowtye.”

Of a rating appeal, or similar proceeding, the earliest extant
sessions roll affords the following example.
Easter, 1603 :—

“To the right worshipfull the Kinges Mat Justices of the peace of the
countie of Wiltes.

“ Humbly complaining sheweth unto yor good worships That whereas wee the
inhabitants of the parishes of Hilprington and Whaddon w'hin this countie of
Wiltes for divers yeares past have ben compelled by the innabitantes of Melkesham
to pay one third parte w‘" them towardes all accustomed payments, and they the
other two partes, by reason of an agrement w® some of our parish did heretofore
yeld unto, being then by them perswaded that the quantity of acres (by w*" such
payments are apportioned) belonging to their parish would amount in value to
no more, beinge equally rated. Synce w°® (may it please yo’ good worships) the
matter havinge ben further looked into by us, that have borne the burden thereof,
And finding no equallity, betweene them and us according to the former agree-
ment, but that their rate of acres do exceede ours by 2500 acres (and far better
ground) as wee can certainly prove, for ours are but 1200 acres and theirs are
4700 acres at the least, a matter wee hope worthie reformacon, for wee are well
contented to pay the uttermost. And beinge by the former meanes brought to
such an inconvenience wee have before this tyme complayned to the Justices of
peace of the same division who have dealt w'® them on our behalfes but have not
yet prevayled, wherby wee are now compelled to seek for redresse at this gen’all
Sessions of the peace humbly beseeching yor good worships to have good con-
sideracon of us and the uprightness of our cause And to take such order therein
as may stand w' equitie and good conscyence And wee shall dailie praye for
yo' prosperous estates long to contynew.”

This petition was referred to the hearing of Sir William Eyre and
John Dauntsey and James Ley, Esquires, who were empowered to
deal with it “at there next meeting and sittinge at Trowbridge ” :
and any inhabitant of the litigant parishes who refused “ to stand
to abide and performe the order and decree ” of these Justices was
to be bound over to shew cause at the next sessions,

* This document appears to be entirely in the handwriting of Sir John Hungerford, and, like all
the documents bearing his signature, is conspicuous for neatness and legibility.

a

Wiltshire Quarter Sessions. 17

One of the burdens which the ratepayers did their best to be
rid of, was that of maintaining foundlings and children of putative
paternity.

At the Easter Sessions, 1606, the inhabitants of Castle Combe
introduce their apprehensions on this point with a little flourish of
fine feeling. Speaking of a townswoman they express their appre-
hensions lest :— +

uppon us inhabitants of the Towne but also hir evill example may so greatly
corrupt others that great and extraordinary charge . . . . may be im-

‘
;
“By this licentious life of hers not only Gods wrath may be powered downe
posed uppon us.”

The incontinent fell under corporal as well as spiritual chastisement.
In two instances at the Michaelmas Sessions, 1607, the justices
ordered a whipping for the peccant parents, “ the same to be executed
- + + . by such men anzd women as shalbe thereunto appoynted
by the discretion of the said churchwardens and overseers.” On the
roll of the Easter Sessions, 1608, is to be read :—

“The order judgmet and finall doome [sentence] of Jhon Hungerforde and
Edmond Longe Esquiers twoe of the Kinges Ma'** Justices of the peace and
quoru next inhabitinge to ye p’ishe churche of Lineham in the cowntye aforesaid
made for the punishment of . . . . of Lineham aforesaid mercer and

daughterof . . . . y*elder of ye same yeoman

“The said Justices doe order yt upon muday next in ye mornige aie an hower
before moringe praier shall begin, ye said . . . . and. .. . shall stand both
_ of them in severall white sheetes at y* gate pein into y® Churchyarde of
_ Lineham on y° east side, for y« resorters to divine service y* day, at yt Churche,
to beholde and looke upo and take warninge by, and when praire is begune they
shall both be brought into y* churche and remaine there duringe y* whole time
_ of divine service.

“In like maner shall they stand in their sheetes at y* gate aforesaid halfe an
hower before eaveinge praier and be brought likewise into y® churche in their
sheetes when eaveninge praier is begune, there to remaine duringe y° whole time
of eaveninge praier: w*" beeinge ended, they bothe shall in their sheetes be sett
in the stockes there to continewe by y* space of one hower and no more. This
our order we require y® constables and churchwardens of y* towne and p’ishe of
Lineham to see duely and strictly p’formed, as they will awnsweare y° cotrarye
and the subscription hereof under our handes and seales shalbe their sufficient
' dischardge in y* behalfe. Dated at Clacke this 26 daye of Marche in the yeare
of Our Lord God 1607.

“JHoN HUNGERFORDE. EpMONDE LONGE.”
“VOL. XXII.—NO. LXIV. C

18 Extracts from the Itecords of the
Trinity, 1608 :-—

“ Wheras wee are given to understand . . . . that they both have bynn
pceeded wall . . . . in the Ecclesiastical Court by the censure and order
of w Court they have binn enjoyned to suffer pennance w™ they accordingly
performed we doe therefore in o* discretion think it fitt not to inflict any further
corporall punishm‘ uppon them.”

Order of Justices dated Ist February, 1609, that an offending
person :—

“Some one Sundaye before the feaste of Penticoste next cominge, after the
seconde leasone, shall openly in the Church of Bishopstrowe acknowledge his
offence in this behalfe, and to desire the congreeacon then presente to praye unto
God to forgive him.”

The following was the case of an infant not wholly destitute.
Trinity, 1608 :

** Whereas one Marie Somers an infant borne in the p’ishe of Cherington wher
by the law she ought to be releved and by the Overseers of the poore of the same
pishe hath ben appoynted to be kept by one John Iveach the said Overseers
geveing to the said Leach for the same xviij* weeklie And where the said
Leach hath kept the said Marie by the space of Fyftie weekes wtbout anie
allowance hitherto for the same It is therefore thought fitt that the said p’ishe
of Churton shall pay to the said Leach towards the said charge xxviij®. And
forasmuch as Richard Stockden clerke Vicar of Cherton hath in his hands xiiij!
stocke of the said childes It is also ordered that the said Richard Stockden shall
also pay towardes the same charge xxviij* w is the ordinarie consideracon for
xiiij' for one year And whereas Robt Dickinson seised and tooke in to his
custodie the goodes of John Somers father of the said Marie, apprehended for
fellony by the use of Franncis Neale Esquire, and had the same in the lief tyme
of @e said Somers many weekes before his conviction by w*" goodes the said
Somers untill his attaynder ought to be releeved It is therefor fought fitt that
the said Dickinson shall pay to the said Leach out of the said goodes the residue
of the same charge for keeping of the said childe for the tyme aforesaid.”

‘
There were evidently occasions on which the court required proof
of a marriage.

Hilary, 1604-5 :—

“To Mr. Kempe [Kent] clarke of the peace in the County of Wiltes
“These are to certyfie you that . . . . and... . the daughter
of . . . of Westashton within the pishe of Stepelashton are lawfully
solimnised i in the Church the xxix? of November in the year of our Lord God 1604
“ Joun Rocers Vicar there.”

Wiltshire Quarter Sessions. 19

Michelmas, 1609 :—

“May it please yo’ good wor??** to understand that this bearer . . - -
of Bulkington had a good while since be married to . . . . but that they
both stand excommunicate. For they both desired that y* Bannes of Matrimonie
betwene them might be published, and that in short tyme after they might be
maried. Which I might not doe before they were restored to y° Church. On

Thursday next at y* visitation I trust that at their humble petition Mr. Chancellor
will absolve them. And then, God willing, with as much speed as conveniently
may be used in such a busines they shalbe maried. 2 October 1609

“PRANCIS GREATRAKES
“ Vicar of Keveleigh
“alias Kevell.”

}
:
| At the Michaelmas Sessions, 1604, occurs the following memo-
- randum :—

“ Albeit I find in the Register butone ..- +: - childof . .. - yet
. by thereport ...- im Brinckworth parish hehad2 . . - - both
were baptized in Brinckworth before my time
“Ep: HurcHins
“ Rector of Brinckworth.”

And this, of some impenitent profligate :—

_ “Which order the seyd reputed father hath obstinately neglected and doeth
utterly refuse to accomplish the same, saying that he will rayther rott in prisone
_ than paye a penye of it.”

At the Trinity Sessions, 1607, a petitioner, for an order on a neigh-
pour for the support of a child adds a warning that the latter :—

“ Beinge often intreated to that purpose . - - - hath neverthelesse of late
threatened your suppliant to choppe a dagger into his side, and for that hee
within these few yeares past did kill a man and is a dangerous and swearinge

person and farder saith . . + - if he [the dangerous and swearing person]
have any charge . . . - there should no purse uppon the plaine * escape
his fingers.”

To excommunication and its consequences allusion also occurs on
the file of the Easter Sessions, 1606, in a complaint of Thomas
ee

*So an old proverb, quoted in an earlier volume by the Bev, A. C, Smith:—

OO) et ne Le. 6 Salisbury Plain,’
Is seldom without a thief or twain.’’

c 2

20 Extracts from the Records of the

Clifford, Vicar of Overton, against a member of an unruly family,
Dismer by name, who, on Christmas Day, 1605 :—

“Standinge by lawe excommunicat presumptiouslie entered into the Churche
of Overton in the time of divine service myselfe being enteringe to the Com-
munion, there sate in his seate, who being required by the Churchwardens to
depart did verie obstinatlie there continewe usinge manie unsemelie speeches to
my disturbance whereby I was constrained to forbeare thexecucon of my dutie
untill he was departed in his great malice”

“ Shortlie after upon another Saboth daie,” Dismer repeated this
piece of contumacious conduct, “ wherby,” so the Vicar reports, “I
was constrayned to depart leaving him in the churche and the people
without service for that tyme.”

The execution of a writ de excommunicato capiendo (5 Eliz., cap. 23)
comes under notice at the Michaelmas Sessions in the first year of
the reign. One Katharine Butler was on this occasion the object
of the bayliff’s quest, apparently at Corsham, but neither she nor
her friends at all acquiesced in the capture. Nineteen persons, of
whom six were women, are indicted pro riottd et routosd rescussu.
Three of them pleaded guilty and were fined 20s. each, a penalty
which was subsequently reduced to 2s. 6¢. This they promptly
paid and went their way. Another of the accused appeared and
pleaded not guilty. And for the rest warrants were ordered for
appearance at the next sessions.

Of current religious controversy the transactions of quarter
sessions cannot be expected to yield many illustrations. A more
systematic presentment of recusants seems to have been, so far
as Wiltshire was concerned, the chief result of the events of the
famous 5th of November. These presentments have no special
interest or importance; they do not furnish, as in Yorkshire, a
census of the families still clinging to the old faith. They come,
in Wiltshire, indifferently from all the hundreds, and the few names
returned seem to have been written down in a rather perfunctory
manner.

Three dwellers in the regions of Box were (Easter, 16038) pre-
sented ‘for scandalous words concerning the Book of Common
Prayer and the ministers of the English Church”: one delinquent

Wiltshire Quarter Sessions. 21

(Trinity, 1604) for that he “hathe dressed fleshe Fridaies and
Satterdaies.” Occasionally a recusant is presented simply “ for a
Papist,” but the general complaint is for not coming to Church.
Mistress Bridget Hungerford, of Stock, in the parish of Great
Bedwyn, was so presented by the “ Kimberstone” | Kinwardstone]
jury in 1606, and again in 1609. The Alderbury jury at the Hilary
Sessions, 1606-7 report that “ the Viccar of Idmiston doth not come
to his owne parish church.” Of another it was alleged that he
* doth not receave the communion yeat cometh to church.” A fourth
when under interrogation by the Bishop of Salisbury, acting as
a magistrate, gave a cautious answer; for (Easter, 1604) John
Harford “ being asked whether he will now p’sently conforme
himself to the lawes of this realme and repayre to the church he
_ saith yt at this present he cannot resolve himselfe so to do, but what
he may doe hereafter he knoweth not.’ Purely conscientious scruples
may have prompted, in large part, a neglect of prescribed religious
ordinances; but there were other motives. One self-indulgent
person, of a type possibly still surviving, is described by his neigh-
bours (Easter, 1604) as “an epicurious co’tempner of the service of
_ God and would rather lye slugging in his bed on the lord’s saboth
then come to the church.”

The Puritan, no less than the Papist, came in for his share of
animadversion. At the Michaelmas Sessions, 1606, the Selkleigh
jury open their return with a presentment “ that Mr. Sedgwick hath
not worne the Serpils sence the tym he hath ben Vicar of Ockborne
Saint Andrew. Nether doth hee sine w the sine of the crosse in
babtisme w*" hath bene required of him.” At the Michaelmas
Sessions, 1608, the minister of the parish of Easton claimed the
_ protection of the court under outrageous abuse poured upon him by
a self-elected and extremely foul-mouthed advocate of popular
amusements. Thus he rehearses his wrongs :—

_ “Uppon Sunday beeinge the xiiij‘® of this instante Auguste Robt Sweep als
Phillips of Burbage cominge into the Churchyearde of the p’ishe of Eston used
hese reproachful speeches followinge.

“Why will you not lett the people dance, better men then you will, for my
rd himself will, and looke uppon them also.
_“T answered What have you to doe Robt Sweep to come out of yo" owne p’ishe

22 Letracts from the Records of the

uppon the Sabaothe daye to make ane uprore and quarrell wth mee. hee answer-
inge Who art thou ? [he continues in language altogether intranscribible|

“ I answered Lame the sonne of an honesteman and thou arte a drunken fellowe
to use mee thus, and I will complaine of thee unto my Lord’s Officers for abusinge
of mee in his honors Cure uppon the Sabaothe daye.

“Hee replyinge said Arte thou the sonne of ane honeste man ? {then more
abominable abuse]. And wheras thou calleste mee drunkarde . . . . if
thou weere wthout the Chourch ya"d I would baste thee as well as ever thou
weer basted

“Why said I are you such a man

“Yes said hee I have taken duwne a better man then thou arte, and so it may
bee I shall doe thee

“ Indeed said I you are well p’vided wth a good dagger and a staffe but I pray
bee gonne and trouble mee noe more, who would not, but continuinge his Raylinge
speeches made mee depte from him.”

Still the dialogue continues for eight lines more, but it became,
on the part of Sweep, so very abusive, that from the pen of some
indignant censor it has undergone a studious obliteration.

Sweep discreetly recognized the churchyard as affording the vicar
sanctuary. Assault within its sacred precincts would have brought
him within the range of 5 & 6 Edw. VI., cap 5. which, beginning
with suspension ab ingressu Ecclesia, awarded at last mutilation and
branding to inveterate “ fray-makers and fighters.” Notwithstanding
these penalties anger occasionally got the better of discretion.

At the Easter Sessions, 1605, appear the following presentments :-—

“Hundred of Melksham.

“Ttem we p’sent that John Holbroke doth report that Tomas Smeth of Sende
sone of John Smeth dyde streke the mynester in the churchyerde one Good
Friday laste beinge the xxixth daye of Marche and the sayde John Holbroke is
heare to testifie the same.”’

“ Liberty of Bromham and Rowde.

‘Item we p’sent that about Sunday was a moneth w'tin the churcheyeard of
Rowde was a bludshed comytted by Willm Maundrell of Rowde uppon one
Richard Breache the sonne of Willm Breache of the Devizes in s’ving the King’s
Mati** proces graunted against the said Will™ Maundrell after yevening prayer
this fact comytted.”

Shorneote was disturbed by “a man most unquiett,’ who, when
Mr. Harpe, the parson of the parish, “ aboutes Christmas last . .
[1605] was goinge towards his p’ishe churche to reade divine service
without any cause of offence offered . . . . the said Jo: Browne

|

—

| Wiltshire Quarter Sessions. 23

| did throwe stones and duste at the heade and face of the said Mr.
Harpe.” It is just to the county to say that this “ perturber of
the peace of our lorde the Kinge” came from “ Southcerney in the
County of Glouc’ a myle distant from Shorneott,” and it is fair to
Browne himself to add that his accusers described him as being
“ distracted of his wittes.” When taken before Mr. Warneford,
a magistrate, Browne “ did deliver these werdes tg his [Mr. Harpe’s]
face Thou Harpe hast deserved to have thy heade of from thy body
any tyme this sixteene yeeres past . . . . So Mr. Warneford
in course of Justice comaunded the Tythingman and others assisting
him to convey the said Jo: Browne to the Goale for the said County
of Wiltes which was done accordingly, wher he now remayneth.”
The inhabitants of Shorncote were content with these arrangements :
they prayed that “the said Jo Browne . . . . may be restrayned
of his libertye and remayne wher he nowe is.”

And there came, now and then, a time when the minister himself
was unable to restrain his, no doubt, righteous, indignation. Mr.
Kendall, the Vicar of Swindon, was indicted at the Hilary Sessions,
1603-4, for an assault on Elizabeth, the wife of Nicholas Vylett, in
“ the pewe of the said Nicholas,” in the chancel of Swindon Church.

Few offences gave occasion for such voluminous depositions as did
the repeated breaches of the game laws. These depositions, though
sometimes terribly tedious, generally contain something illustrative
of topography and woodcraft.

Trinity, 1604 :—

“ Examination of Thomas Homber. First he confesseth that the last evenynge
aboute eight of the clock this ext and one Mr. Lawrence Weeks of Motcombe
findeing a Gapp where Dere did use to come into a grounde of Mr. Bowers in
_ Motcombe aforesaid within the Forest of Gillingham they did sett a halter in
_ the same gapp, purposeing to take adeare. And accordingly they did the last
night hang a deare being a Buck of the first hed. They came to the place
aboute one houre and halfe before day this mornyng where they founde the seyd
~ Buck hanged—where this ext was taken by Will™ Morgan the keper of the

woodes ende. And the sayd Lawrence Weeks did run away.

* * * * * * *
_ “Hit is (sithence the takeing of this examinacon) founde owte that the said
Homber is to be charged for dyv’s coursings and misdemeano™ by him done

24 Extracts from the Records of the

wthin the Kinges Forest of Gillingham and therefore it is desired he may be
bounde ov to the next Sessions . . . . for that Sir Car” Rawleigh beinge
nowe out of the county is to p'secute the same against him on behalfe of the
King’s Matie,

“ Henry WILLoUGHBY.”’

This mean mode of capture was frequently practised : the next pair
go about their business in a manner better worthy the occasion :—

21 October 2 Jac ii. The Examination of Francis Robinson of Froxfell.

“Who sayth that uppon y* twentith day of October last hee came with one
Edward Pottinger of Froxfell to the park of the Right Honorable the Earle
Pembrocke called Ramsbery Parke betwixt x and xi of the clocke in the night
he having a bill and the said Edward Pottinger had a crossebow he being willed
by Pottinger to stay at a bushe and in.the meantime y® said Pottinger went wth
his bow bent and an arrow but what he did after he knew not and for any other
that was in their company he confesseth none.

“Moreover he sayth yt an other time the last sommer he was wt» the said
Edward Pottinger the time certaine he knoweth not in the said parke, where
Pottinger killed a rascole* [Zean] deare he carying it to Pottingers fathers
howse and sayth that there was no other body wt them then but they two.”

Michaelmas, 1605 :—

“The confession of Anthony Mersam .. . . he came to the lodge of
Will” Hall by Totneham Parke with his crosbow to the intent to kill a couple t
or 2 of conies wth him at w°) time the st Hawle tould him that . .. . he
wolde bringe him where he and this examinate or one of them mighte shote at a
bucke.”

These two worthies come

Unto Nook Wood in Chesinbery to the intente to shote at and kill the said
buck yf so they could . . . . The said William Hawk did shote at the saied
buck and did strike him in suche sorte that he presently sunck.”

In the following, the city justices take their part in dealing with
an expedition against Clarendon Park, having its base of operations
in the Green Croft.—

Trinity, 1606 :—

* Canon Jackson has a note on this word, vol. xv., p. 156,
+ This was the conventional phrase; the feeble cony was always the excuse alleged for such
excursions, however magnificent may have ultimately been the bag.

Wiltshire Quarter Sessions. 25

“The Examynacon of Thomas Raye thelder of the
cittye of Newe Sarum aforesayde Clothier taken
before the right wor" Tho* Hancock Maor of the
sayd Cittie S* Edward Penruddock Knight Edward
Estcourte Esq'¢ and Richard Godfrey gent Justices
of His Mat* peace in the sayd Cittie the Thirtyeth
daye of Maye in the fowerth yeare of the Raigne
of O' Sovereigne lord James the King’s Mat'* that
now is.

“This Exate saythe Tht he and one Barnabye sometime the servant of John
Stallenge went to Grene Crafte nere unto the Cittie wher the sayd Barnabye
p’swaded Will™ Smythe to go wth hym and this Exate unto Claringdon P’ke to
kill a deare and metinge w'® Stephen Boman was enticed or p’swaded to go wth
them who uppon Twesdaye about Ten or! Eleven of the clocke in the nighte went
all together from Grene Crafte aforesayd unto Claringdon Parke havinge with
them one horse and two greyhounds and when they were come nere to the P’ke
pale they lefte the horse nere unto Laverstocke peninge and theruppon the sayd
Barnabye together wt» the other two went into the Parke wher they killed one
male deare woh they broughte unto this Exate wheruppon this Exate came awaye
from them to his owne ees and the others followed hym and broughte the sayd
Deare to this Exats howse w°te deare was broken uppe by the said Barnabye
. . . . and pte thereof was baked by one Cragge and eaten in this Exats
howse on Assencon daye at supper.

“T Hancock Maior Epw Penruppok Ric GoDFREY
“Epw Esrcors.”

A few further examples may be pardoned.
Michaelmas, 1609. Depositions that William Hall and Jeffery
Benger, of Milton :—

“Made an appointment to meete in Mylton Heathe that night between nyne
and ten of the clocke wheare they met a horse backe accordinglie and from thence
rode togeather throughe Wootton Laune to tbe gate of the Greate P’ke of

Savernake called Wootton Gate* . . . . Bengerandhe ... . had
ether of them a crosse bowe and as soone as they weare entred wthin the P’ke
“iad went up anddowne . . . . to wyn ashoote at a deare but killed none

: and towardes the morninge retourning back to the gate of the sayd
‘ ke wheare they came in they weare theare ceed by the keep’s of the sayd
P’ke. ”

At the same sessions Robert Shepperd deposes :—

“That being at the Church of Melkesham that day at a sermone, his wife sent
unto him by direction of on W™ Nolly . . . . to repare to his house
to make a start with him into the Forrest [of Blackmore] ther to shew

* The unlocking of this gate was rather a troublesome business—and there is a suggestion of the
- manufacture ofa key for future needs.

26 Latracts from the Records of the

him a tree he had bought of one John Hall Keep’ of a walke in the sayde forrest
but confesseth Hollye hade a fallowe doge wt? him.”

Shepperd is followed by another witness, who confesses that he
and another :—

“ Having had some speech touching the fleshing of a younge greyhounde whelp,
: concluded . . . . to meet att W™ Burgises Lodge in Bromha’
Parke . . . . where they would devize some place for that purpose .
and haveing confered among themselves [the company had now been raised to
the number of six persons] where the meetest place might be for the fleshing of
the said whelp . . . . [they persuade William Tristram of Bromham to
leave his bed and join them] by whose direction they went through Spie Park
about the further end of the Park toward the said Forrest the dogg
that Long ledd chaunced to break loose and rann after a deare and coursed
him out of the Park a little below the new lodges and haveing raun him about
the distance of a forelonge from the parke ther the dogg puld the deare downe
and this exaiat comeing first to the fall of the deare and finding him as he thought
not much hurt was earnest wth the rest of his companie that the deare might be
lett goe againe but they would not assent therunto, soe there they kylled that
deare . . . . and forthw'4 resolved to goe into Bowdon Park to have
another course there. Where likewise they killed another deare . . . .”

This expedition subjected the party to an indictment for assault
upon the Riding Ranger [egues rangeator] of Blackmore Forest.

Many, besides the above, are the accusations and confessions of
these gentlemen irrepressibly addicted to field sports. “To Ketche
conyes—if they might” was the alleged object of a visit by one
party (Hilary, 1603-4) to “Mr. Mervin’s coniger at Pertwood ” ;
and of another (Michaelmas, 1609, described as “of the Lodge in
Littlecot Pk”) ‘in the tyme of meade harvest into Mr. Hinton’s
Warren in Chilton Pk.” The first party operated with “a firrett
and five old pursenetts . . . . butt took none for that they
were founde by the said Mr. Mervin.” The second party “ wente
togeather all p’vided of staves some fowerteene some fifteene foote
longe and they hunted wth a haye [me/] and tooke seaven coople of
connyes” A third party (Hilary, 1606-7) “ . . . . Did
kyll one fawyn with a brace of greyhounds . . . . and did
carry the said fawin in to Langlie’s Heath.” The same sportsmen
“did kyll one Prickett wth a Leash of greyhounds :
where the Keapers of the forest of Pewsham did take ieee ji
“William Haull’s Lodge in Havering’s Heath in the forrest of

Wiltshire Quarter Sessions. 27

Savernake” is spoken of; as is ‘Sr Gilbert Prin’s lodge in the
Great Pk” (Michaelmas, 1607). ‘Treasorer’s Deane att Alder-
bury ” is mentioned (Kaster, 1604), and also ‘the parke of Sr
Edmund Ludlowe Knight called Bytcombe.”

The following deposition, relative to the illicit carrying of a gun,
has an allusion to the eight o’clock bell at Market Lavington :—

“ John Pinchyn of Cheverell mason informeth
‘That on Monday fortnyght before Christmas last he went from East Lavington
to Cheverell in the company of Willm Purryer and Xrofer Forde, about the tyme
of the rynging of the bell at Lavington w°" yoused at viij of the cloeke at nyght
and when they came betweene M* Goffe’s and the oakes above his house they
w‘h young Tackle and one other in his companye Tackle having a staffe of about
5 fote longe but what the other had he did not c’teynly p’ceve but sayde to his
felowes that went wt? hym ‘ What hath the other felowe? a pece?’ Soe as yt
seemed to his eyes to be a pece.
“ Sioned JoHN PIncHIN
“Jo ERNELE G Tooker.”

Streams and stews were laid under contribution as well as forests
and warrens. “Sr Thomas Thynne’s water bytweene Crockerton
myll and Dev’ell myll” was visited, with what success does not
appear. Edward Burden, of Donhead, poached with circumspection,
but, notwithstanding all his precautions, his adventures came to
light.

Trinity, 1605 :—

“ Hidythe Blacker, servat som tymes to Edward Burden of Donhead Marye in
the Couty of Wilts Weyver saythe that when she served the sayde Edward Burden
she hathe sene hir sayde m" [master] to bring home to his howse (as she now dothe
p’fectly remeber) at fyve severall tymes vj carpes at a tyme and som tymes more
{and then he dyd kepe them ina payle of wat’ some tymes in his milke howse
or butterye and som tymes in his chamber / in both places untyll he had spente.
them / and saythe that when there were more than he could well spende his wyfe
did boyle them wth wat" and salte / and som sayge / And farther shee saythe
that on of the carpes being greter than the reste her sayde dame made a pye of
him whereto ther was haulfe a pecke of flower / and saythe that ther came to the
eatyng of this carpe on Thomas Farm! of the Donned aforesayde / and saythe
hir sayd m' Edward Burden would never eate thes carpes but would have
the dore faste locked / and that he dyd som tymes eate them in his chamber
and som tymes in his inner romes whereto the dores were ever faste shutt. The
mark x of Edythe Blacker.

“This was confessed in all points before me by the above named Edythe
Blacker this iij** daye of Julye 1605

“JaMES MERVIN.”

28 Extracts from the Records of the

Burden endeavoured to escape prosecution about these carps. On
the roll of the Michaelmas Sessions, 1605, is the deposition of one
Thomas Sadler, of Donhead, to the effect that :—

“ As this examinatt, the sayd Bugden [out of whose pond the fish were taken]
John Lushe and some other of theire neighbo™ were comynge from S* James
Mervin’s house of Fountell . . . . a daye before the last assizes, he heard
the sayd John Lushe saye unto the sayd Edmonde Bugden that yf Bugden wyll
gyve but slight evydence against me att the Assises that then the said Lushe
would paye him fower pounds tenn shillings in money at St James’ daye then
followinge.”’

Then Burden had an interview with Edith Blacker’s mother,and:—

“Dyd very earnestly p’swade her to entreate her daughter to saye that such
Fishe as was in the gravie in the house of the sayd Burden . . . . (when
Bugden’s carpes were missinge) that they were mackarell* and noe other

EVO Cie ates ens

Another witness deposes :—

“That about three yeares since att what tyme he dwelt wth one Edmonde
Bugden of Donhed as this examt and one of Bugden’s brothers were caryinge of
carpes of my Lo‘ of Warder’s to putt into a stewe he dyd see one John Lushe of
Donhed take upp some small carpes and putt them into his hatt.”

“Farming under the Tudors”! is scarcely touched on in the
minutes during Elizabeth’s reign, and the glimpses of agriculture
in the succeeding reign, to be obtained from the sessions rolls, are
few and indirect.

The following extracts exhibit some of the inconveniences of the
common-field system of husbandry, as well as some Jamentable in-
stances of defective constabulary administration.

Trinity, 1604 :—

“Imprimis about fower or five yeeres agone one Robert Harte fettered his
horse in an eavenyng in Netherhavens feild (the above saied William Cowper
looking upon hime) In weh night the sayd horse was stolen and the said William

* The words of the old song come irresistibly to mind, which describe the unsuccessful subterfuge
of Mr. Lobsky :-—
A dozen of sprats! base man, quoth she,
What ! caught in the river the fish of the sea,” &c., &c.
1 Under this title the Quarterly Review in a recent number discusses the
English agricultural operations of the sixteenth century.

4

Se, Oe ee

Wiltshire Quarter Sessions. 29

Cowper was not to be seen at Netherhaven from that time until about half a
yeere after.” :

Cowper afterwards re-appearing eS

“Upon a horse like (in colour) to the aforesaid horse that was stolen :
Robt Harte . . . . required the constable to make search for the said
Will™ Cowper in his saied house, but the saied constable (being delaied for want
of candle light) could not find hime, onely he founde a bedd owt of we (by all
likelihood) one had freshly gone forth, and a strange bridle and saddle in the
stable very suspiciously. After we! time the saied William Cowper was seen no
more in Netherhaven by the space of a yere or twoe.”

Yet Cowper himself affected to be a tiller of the soil, and despite
his prolonged intervals of absence from home his land yielded crops
in unaccountable abundance; so that when, in time of harvest,
men rose and went afield, they saw this idler’s acres standing thick
with sheaves while theirs were poorly furnished. They thus explain
the phenomenon :—

“Tte’ at harvest last was twelvemoneth many sheaves of wheate were taken
out of other mens landes in Netherhaven’s feild by night Whereupon the feild
being vewed certaine land w°! the said Will™ Cowper had sowen that yeere was
found to be farr more replenished wt? sheaves then any other, in w° his landes
divers of the said sheaves that were taken out of other mens landes were found
by such apparent markes as could not be gainsaied.”

At the Easter Sessions, 1605, there was tried a charge of theft
of swine out of the common field near a bridge called Stony Bridge,
at Chippenham.

At the Easter Sessions, 1606, may be read :—

‘« A Note of the misdemeanors and ill earriage
of Richard Dysmer and Alfred Dysmer
. . . . against Richard Wylmotte
“Ttem the saide Richard Willmott hath heretofore lost many Ducks and the
said Richard Dysmer hath spightfully Kylled two of them (viz) the one on
Christmas day last and the other on St Steven’s daysfollowinge . . . . att
wh tyme the said Dysmer beinge charged therewt replyed he woulde kyll all
the dueks and geese . . . . and any other thinge that the saide Wylmot
have if they come into his barton which Barton adjoyneth to the common and
hath noe gate.
“Ttem the saide Richard Wylmotte . . . . att harvest last hada sowe
worth xij‘ thrust in wth a pyke and the saide Dysmers have Kylled dyvers other
piggs of the said Wylmotte.”

30 Extracts from the Records of the
Trinity, 1606 :—

“The Peticon of William Fry against Richard Palmer his sonnes and daughter
That . . . . he hath ben heretofore arrested of fellowney for that he had
in his pasture divers sheepe whose fell marks were cut out and peces of cloth
sowed upon the place, their earres cut of, wherby mea may not knowe their
cattell.” *

Michaelmas, 1607. The inhabitants of “ Titherington and
Haitesbury ” raise a complaint against Robert Wall, that :—

“This harvest last past and divers times before he hathe beaten their children
and servants in the fielde web kept their cattell and did put them in such feare
that some of them ranaway . . . . likewise he hath beaten your orrators
swyne, some he hathe killed wth his masti’ bitche . . . . leveth his corne
in the field fortnight after his nayghbours had ended their harvest eas
threw abroad his cockes of barley of purpose to have your orrators cattell to
trespas him wh did not—yet sett xvteen of yo orrators cattel and imp’ked [im-
pounded] them . . . . he hathe vexed pore widdowes in laws and divers
others for halfepenny trespasses for a goose or a pigg going ov’ his lands . . «
some he hath served with p’cess from above and never declarde (had served a
writ of the superior court, and then failed to proceed with the action] and hath
caused his pore neighbours to have expended above a c markes at lawe wtbin
this 2 or 3 yeares. And wher as the tithing man came to him for his horse for
the service of the Kinge he said . . . . [Wwell, he returned a very rude
answer to that tithingman} He will not pay pore men their wages nor his dues
to the pore or to live in any godly sorte among his nayghbours.”

Easter, 1609. William Robins, of Founthill, complains that :—

“T lately served one George Brooke whoe verie uuconshionably deteyneth my
wages . . . . and also caused his servannts to fetche awaye a halfe of
Barley of ‘myne out of the feilde I beinge a verie poore man and unhable to
strive in lawe wt2 him, and a lame man.”

Michaelmas, 1609. Deposition by Christopher Powldon, of Imber,
gent. :—

“That on Satterdaie night last was fortnight he had some of his kine milked
in Inber field.”

The following order, though apparently made in the course of
proceedings for restitution, seems modelled on some familiar usage.
It may be worthy of transcription, as possibly retaining traces of
the “custom of the country.”

® Malicious damage of another sort is elsewhere laid to the charge of a person presented as a
‘spoiler of copice and guick frithe hedges.”

Wiltshire Quarter Sessions. 31
Michaelmas, 1604 :—

“Tt is ordered that Bond shall delyver possession of halfe the house in q’stion
betwene this and Monday night next at what time M* Iles shall pay unto the
the sayd Bond xx! and other xx! shall be delyvered into the hands of Richard
Diggs Esquier or lefft at his house in Marleburgh on Monday next come senenight,
to be payd unto Bond the xijt® day of November next, the said Bond delyveringe
quiet possession of the residue of the house unto M' Iles or his tenants the xth
day of November before, or else now, and in the mean tyme the sayd Bond shall

do no wast nor spoyle in the house.

“Also Plummer and Kynge Mr. Iles tenaunts shall allowe xxty nobles unto
Bond in account between them for such dues they can any way lawfully demaund
of Bond, and Plummer shall undertake (w*h he doth assent unto) yt his sonne
being hurt shall discharge Bond and his sonnes of all actions and suyts whatsoev"
touching the same hurt.

“All actions and suyts to cease betwene the p’ties abovenamed, and M’ Iles
and the rest to certeffy my Lo. chieffe Justice that they are agreed That certificat
to be made after the possession of the whole messuage is delyvered as abovesayd.

“Tf Bond p'forme not this Order, then Restitutco immediately after the sayd
xth day of November next to be made of the possessio, by writte out of this
Courte, and the xx! to be repayd to M' Iles w° is to be delyvered as afforesaid
in deposite to the said Richard Digges.”

Robert Wall’s unmannerly rejoinder to the tythingman had
reference, evidently, to the standing grievanee of Purveyance:
a grievance, however, which does not seem to have been resented so
much for its own sake as by reason of the partiality and injustice with
which the imposition was locally apportioned. John Batchelour,
of Newton Toney, seems to have had the conduct of the business in
that part of Wiltshire, and his endeavour to levy 20s. from some of
his neighbours led to the following’ closely-argued remonstrance :—

“Complaint of Edward Clifford and Thomas Day of Boscombe unto William
Tooker Deane of Litchfeild one of his Majesties Justices of the Peace for the
Countie of Wiltes the 28th day of Auguste 1609.

[The acts complained of are fully stated. ]

“Nowe whether the said Batchelour intended to cosen the said Edward Clifford
and Thomas Day of money towards the repaymt of the 20° which for theire ease
and good, as he said, he had laid out and paid to the cart takers, may playnlie
appeere; for if he had disbursed the said 20° to the end aforesaid, and expected,
as he did and was assured of, to have it soe repaid him againe then would he not
imediately have charged them wt! suche cariadge, especiallie when in the self
same p’ishe he might have taken a verie sufficient Teeme of Horses yt during

the King’s Maties progresse served not at all: And if the said John Batchelour

payed uot the twentie shillings to the cart, then is his honestie as apparent as

his trueth.

32 Extracts from the Records of the

“When the Queene’s Matie removed from Thruxon to Sarum fower in the
parish of Boscombe were then charged with a cart.

“The said Edward Clifford and Thomas Day . . . . being the second
time charged with a Cart and Knowinge their horses not able to serve
went unto Morse the carier of Sarum and offered him 4° a hundred to carie sh
Loade wherewith they were charged w°b, being of 12 hundred wayte or there-
abouts amounted to 48* for the payment whereof Mr. John Baylie of Sarisburie
gent gave his word the said Mr. Clifford and Thomas Day being unknowne to
the said Morse. And yet nevertheless by the malice (as they supposed) of the
said Batchelour or the forenamed Kent [one of the constables of the Hundred of
Amesbury] the wagon was refused although the verie next day followinge the
selfe same wagon was hired for the same cariadge by him that refused it the day
before.

* * * * * * *

“And lastlie they the said M* Edward Clifford and Thomas Daye informe
that the said Batchelour did forbeare to chardge teemes of horses that were
strong and well able to do doe his matie service and did take heere a horse and
there a jade of severall mens that were unable to dischardge the service either
for age or lamenesse.”

Examples have occurred in the foregoing extracts of the “re-
proachful speeches” from which even the clergy did not escape.
But they had plenty of companions in misfortune, and that among
persons of high position. The King himself was not spared. The
extravagant expectations which had arisen of his wisdom and virtues
gave way to a corresponding sense of disappointment, when it was
discovered that after all he was as other men are. Some such
feeling found expression at the lips of Mrs. Catharine Gawen of
Norrington, who at the Easter Sessions 1606, was indicted for
saying :—

“TI rejoyced muche at the King’s cominge to the Crowne (felicissimam intra-
conem ad justam and indubitat’ possessionem’ et inheritanc’ dei dni Regis
nune ad coronam hujus regni Anglie) and I have bestowed muche charges in

bonefires and otherwise to shewe my joye at his coming but yt is a Kinge indeed
as good as noe Kinge.”’

But Mistress Gawen was plainly a querulous and discontented
person. “The answer of Katherine Noke,” filed at the Hilary
Sessions, 1605-6, upon which the foregoing indictment was founded,
went on to say :—

“She saieth that M' Gawen hath spoken many vile and unseemely words of
the late Queene Elizabeth w°” in p’ticular she remembereth not.

=<

4 Wiltshire Quarter Sessions. 33

“She saieth M*® Gawen at harvest was twelvemonth sayd that my lord Chiefe
Justice of England that now iswasa* . . . . Justice.

“She further saieth that about Whitsuntyde was twelvemonth M* Gowen at
one tyme offered her 20 nobles at another tyme 20 marks to fier the howse
wherein Richard Kevell dwelt.’

The King could hardly be held responsible in person for the
complex conditions which served to keep up the price of grain, but
William Baker, of Imber, when fortified with liquor, expressed some
such opinion, for (Trinity, 1608) :—

“Certain seditious malicious and scandalous words of our most serene lord the
King and most serene Lady Queen Anne, in the presence of diverse liege subjects
of our said lord the King he proclaimed and published videlt ‘ Yt were noe matter
yf the Kinge and Queene [dcos dnum Regem nunc et deam dnam Annam
Reginam consortem ipius dni Regis] and all were hanged unles the price of
corne doe fall.”

This offence was treated as one of drunkenness only, and Baker
was sentenced to stand in the pillory during the sessions with
a paper over his head.

A too festive inhabitant of Codford St. Peter is presented by the
jury of Warminster Hundred that he:—

_ “Was sodrunck . . . . that he could neyther sitt upon his horse nor
_ speak playne words but with very vile and outragious speeches did abuse himself
against the Peace of Sov’aigne Lord the King,” &c.

The justices, in the course of their magisterial duties, encountered
now and then some uncomplimentary criticism. Specially did one
Edward Dismer (of a family already noted as expert in wielding
a singularly forcible vocabulary) oppose himself to Sir Giles
Wroughton. Some of his excesses are thus described.

20th July, 1605 :—

* About a Fortnight before Whitsontide last past John Layland and Nicholas
Layland sonne of the said John of Lockeridge . . . . yeomen beingea
fishinge by the River side, Edward Dismere came to the said John Layland and
- quarrelled wtb him and used very foule speeche to the said Layland and the said
Layland . . . , tould him hee was taught better manners lately at Marle-
borough before y® Justices nameinge St Gyles Wroughton Knight and div’s

* The value of Mrs. Gawen’s criticism is lost in the illegibility of the adjective which she bestowed
on the Lord Chief Justice.

VOL. XXII.—NO. LXIV. D

34 Extracts fuom the Records of the

others, whoe answered hee cared not for St Gyles Wroughton and that hee was
as good a man as S‘ Gyles Wroughton and y® said Layland replyed and told him
hee had much forgotten himself and told him hee was a gent of wor? and one of
the Kings Justices, and the said Dismere very audaciously replyed he cared not,
he was but a man, and cared not for him.
“ Upon Trinity Sonday last past Thomas Smith of Orston . . . . Taylor
and Robert Pope . . . yeomen beinge in the howse of John Messum
ei towards the anes and chaunceinge to come into the company of
Edward Dismere . . . . they heard the saad Dismere boast and say hee
was as good a man as St Gyles Wroughton and said yf hee had mett him in the
feilde he thought (in his conscience) he should be the better man.”

Trinity, 1606 :—

“Immediately after Ste Peeter’s day beinge fayer at Marleboroughe at the
signe of the Harte there in the afternoon of the same day . . . . Edward
Dysmer sayde be would never submitt himself to St Gyles Wroughton whiles he
lyved . . . . and further replied he was a better man in the field than S*
Gyles was / and lastly sayd St Gyles Wroughton was p’jured.”

This was rather more than his worship felt called upon to endure
patiently: he states his case in ths following letter to the bench of
magistrates who were keeping sessions at Warminster from the 8th
to the 17th of July, 1606 :—

“T am sorrye Iam not able to travell to meete yo" at this Sessions by reason of
late sicknes I have bene visited wtball especially because in former tyme I have
bene abused by a lewde stubborne fellow one Dysmer whoe have therefore beene
bounde to the good behaviour two or three sessions And whereas y* was ordered
at the last Q'ter Sessions he should come and submytt himself unto me I
acknowledg his submission and as I thought in my judgement to be vearye
penitent and doubted not but his reformacon had beene in honest meaninge But
I am veary credybly informed ytt fallethe out otherwise As my man will showe
you a Copye thereof In what most wilde sorte he continueth abusinge mee still.
I p’test unto you all uppon my creditt I forgive him wth my hart. And ney’
did p’secute any matter against him in mallice But onely that such a paltrye
fellow as he should better know himself And I woulde therefore desier you all
to consider of the newe abuse he hath donne me and to deale wtt him in equyty
and justice in my absence as you would I should doe y* lyke for anye of you in
the lyke case That hee maye remayne to the good behaviour untill I have
further speeche wt him Soe nothinge doubtinge of you' love herein with my
veary kinde salutacons I rest

“yout assured and lovinge frinde
“GyLEs WRovuGHTON.”
“ Broadhenton the xvjt® of July 1606.”

“To my veary lovinge frindes S' Jasp’ Moore St Willm Eyre S' Walter Longe
S Alexander Tutt Knights and Lawrence Hyde Esqre wt the rest of my fellow
Justices geve these.”

Wiltshire Quarter Sessions. 35

It is not easy to determine whether the wrath of William Darling,
presented at the Michaelmas Sessions, 1604, was directed principally
against Sir Henry Poole, who had signed a warrant for service on
him, or against William Sherborne, the Tithingman of Ashley, who
attempted to execute it. What Darling did was to repair to
Sherborne’s house “in a rioutous manne’ at x of the clocke in the
night,” and there shout :— .

“ Come forthe Sherborne and serve me with Poole’s warrant . . + « further
saienge Come forthe I say Will Sherburne and serve me I saie yf thou darest wth
Poole’s warrante and I will goo wt thee and spitt in his face and yf he comitt
me I will have better men then Poole to fetche mee forthe againe. wth manie
other opprobrious speeches.”

In the adventure next narrated Sir John Dauntsey shares with
the Mayor of Devizes the tipsy vituperations of a party of pothouse
swagegerers.

Hilary, 1604-5 :—

“The usage and behaviot of Nicholas Provender, William Maslyn, and Thomas
Farre taken and comitted to warde for breakinge the Peace wthin the Borough
of Devizes one Thursdaye the xith of October 1604.

“Edward Brockwell and . . . . a dier being going to dinner in the
house of Giles Ruddall one of the s'geants of the mace of the saide Boroughe,
came in to the roome where they were the fores* ptyes, and having as it seemed
well dronke before, began to thrust themselves into the company of Brockwell
and White saying they were gentlemen and woulde drink wth them, whoe
replying said they were poore neighbo™ to S* John Dauntesey and dwelt at
Lavington. To whome Maslyn and his company saide (namely Maslyn) that he
was as good a gentleman as S' John Dauntesey was, whereat Brockwell somewhat
moved, rose up and took him by the shoulder, and thrust him out of the roome
where they were sat to Dinner.

“Shortly after they all being in the street Maslyn and his company came to
the Lyon and then called for drinck, but the goodman of the house shutt the
doore against them and denyed to let them have any at web they were very angry
and sware they would have drinke.

“Ymediately after, the saide psons and Brockwell and White also being
together drew their weapons and assaulting eche other, the Stgeant and Bayliffe
of the Towne came to appease them, but Provender Maslyn and Farre refusinge
to be appeased or deliver their weapons contynued in great outrage, to the dis-
turbance of the whole people thereabout.

“ Pyovender sware that he would have the blood of him that shoulde meddle
wth his weapon.

“Maslyn used theis words to the S'geant when he came unto them to helpe

D2

36 Extracts from the Records of the

the Bayliff in the p’s'vacon of the peace viz: What dost thou here wth thy
fidlyng stick, meaning by the mace he had in his hande.

“For theis their outragious behavio" being comitted to warde till they founde
suretie to keepe the peace, they in the prison contynued their misbehavior, strooke
the Bayliff and further thretned to kill them wheresover they mett them.

“Being comaunded from M* Maior to be quiett Maslyn very scornfully and
disdaynefully said, Mt Maior—M* Maior is an asse, wth divers other contumelious
words.

“Farre hath ben div’s times taken in the Towne in this kinde of druncken
humour and lett passe upon hope of reformacon.”

It was naturally upon the minor officers of the law—the constables,
bailiffs, and tithingmen—that these outpourings fell with fullest
effect. Richard Pople, for instance, the Constable of Pewsey, was
thus addressed (Michaelmas, 1607,) by one whom he himself describes
as “not very freshe ”” :—

“Thou arte a Knave, a scurvey constable and a rascole and Cowley will come
to the alehouse in spight of thy teeth [dentes p'fati Rici inuendo] or any mans
else.”

So with Daniel Browne, Tythingman of Ashton Keins, who (9th
September, 1605) :—

“Saieth that yisterdaie being Sondaie this depont hearinge that Edward Rice
of Ashton aforesaid and one Thomas Revington of Serney weare fightinge to-
geather and had fallen outt in drinking togeather in y* house of one Hughe
Tomkins of Ashton aforsaid in service time this Deponent theruppon repaired
thether to see y* peace kept and reproving the said Hughe for sufferinge the
pties aforesaide to drink and fight in his howse in service tyme One Will™
Tomkyns (sonne of y* said Hughe) did theruppon call this exant Rascall Knave
and Paltrie Fellow and did beate him in y® said howse and afterwards did thrust
him outt of y* doores saienge hee hadd nothinge to doe therewt®.”

Compared with such revilings as these, it was quite a mild jest
to tell another constable “ that he was a puppie—and bid him turne
the buckle of his girdle behinde him.”

William Chapman, the Tithingman of Stanley, was vehemently
withstood in the performance of his duty. He deposes (22nd May,
1608) :—

“Yt he wet upon tuesday ye 10th of May toy® Abby of Stanly . . . . and
findinge Roger Killinge then at supper . . . . told him yt they were come
to serche his howse . . . . by y® warratofa justice of peace namely Mt

Hungerford of Cadna . . . . whereat Killinge made awsweare yt he would
not obey Mr Hungerforde’s warrat and wthall he rose up from y® boorde and

a

eee ee ee ee ee LULU LU

Wiltshire Quarter Sessions. 37

strooke y® warrat owt of David Button’s hand and gave him 8 or 4 blowes and
beate him owt of y* howse, and kept this exam’ and y° rest at a baye at ye doore
halfe an hower at y® least
“David Button saieth yt upo hewmewe M Hungerforde’s warrat .

Killinge p’sently said yt M* Hungerford was his enemy and he wowld i
obey his warrat, and yt if Mt Hungerford were there himselfe he showld not
serche his howse, nor any other justice whatsoever exceptinge only 8: Henry
Bainton his master.”

On a like errand another tithingman found wool in the house of
a suspected person, who turning upon him with much that had
better have been left unsaid, ‘ wthall smoate ye wooll owt of his
hande into ye grownde and flurted him in ye lippes wth his fiste, and
was so earnest and violent in assaultinge him” that it was all the
Tithingman and a carpenter and the suspected person’s wife could
do “to restrain and repell him fro doinge some mischeife to the said
Tithingman.”

Two more examples may be cited in, perhaps superfluous, testimony
that “ when constabulary duty’s to be done, a policeman’s lot is not
a happy one.” In the first of these the conduct of the officer would
not now-a-days single him out for promotion; in the second some
little excess of zeal seems almost to have courted the indignities with
which it was confronted.

Michaelmas, 1607. Thomas Pierce, Tythingman of “ Bremble,”
sallied forth to arrest an offender, whom he found at the house
of a bedridden neighbour. Pierce produced his warrant “ sorrowinge
wthall yt so old a fellowe and so well reputed should give cause of
any such trouble”? and with inexcusable simplicity handed it to
Matthew Starr, a nephew of the accused, to read. He with in-
genious effrontery :—

“ Affirmed yt y* warrat cocerned not his kinsman for yt he was not named in
it, weh Tho Peirce y* Tithingma cotradictinge, W™ Kingsecke liinge bederidden
not far off, and heeringe so loud talkinge in his house desired Tho Peirce whome
he knewe by his voyce, to come into his chaber, and after they had talked a
worde or twoe togither, this examinat returned towarde his prisoner whom he
left with Anthony Starr, but missinge him, he imputed his goinge away to y°
said Mathew Star’s misreadinge and misreportige the warrant, whereto y° said
Mathew made answeare viz If I did tell a lye and my uncle did believe me
what doe I care.”

38 Extracts from the Records.
Michaelmas, 1609 :—

“To the Kinges Mati? Justices of the Peace in their p’sent Sessions at
Marleborough.

In most humble maner sheweth and complaineth unto yo" Worshippes Will™
Kenne and Andrewe Weston late constables of the Towne of Ramsburie that
whereas wee the said constables accordinge to our office upon the fifteenth day
of September last past about tenne of the clocke in the night visiting the alehouses
of the saide towne and comming to the house of John Emmettes there wee found
one Daniel Porter of Marleborough coming forth in the entry of the said howse
as wee were going in: and wee asking of him Who is there? he answered, A
drunken man, counterfaiting his speech. Whereupon wee laid handes on him,
and examined him concerning his late being in that place, in that unseasonable
time of the night. And in the ende wee willing him to repaire to his lodging,
he demaunded of us whether we hadd any lodging for him: who told him, that
excepte hee repaired the sooner to his lodging, wee would provide lodging for
him. And so hee went out ymmediately to the house of Edward Rickettes, who
also sold ale all the day before, it being the faire day. Whither we followed
him, and demaunded of him whether he would lodge there, and then Edward
Rickettes told us he should lodge there with him. Then we commaunded him to
bed: but he would not, but abused us with manie opprobrious termes. And
after that Edward Rickettes had given his worde unto us that hee should trouble
us no more that night, we de’pted toward the Inne And as we were in the streete
standing there, forthe he came after us and p’ceaving that wee stoode there, he
came very neere unto us [then Daniel Porter behaved in speech and manner in a
distressingly disrespectful manner and concluded his remarks with something
about] . . . . twoo constables and twoo fooles And so went in and boasted
thereof to the companie there who laughed and rejoiced at it. And then came
forth one W™ Ricketts swearing and crying pettitt treason . . . . All which
p mises we refeerre to yo' worshippes . . . . and so much the rather because
he threatened in a revenging maner to meete wth us when we were out of our
office.”

The next complaint is against a peace officer, and that not for
interference with other men’s chattels, but for a disregard of his
own.

Michaelmas, 1608. Hundred of Elstub and Everley. Present-
ment of jury :—

“Tt we p’sent Henrie Wats of Pewsie Inkeper for letting some of his gesse
goe being tithingman and had stollen one of his own pegges [7.e., had one of his
pigs stolen] the xxiij day of August last past to the value of xvj or xviij pence
and yet had warning by some of his neibors and yet he would never pursue after
them.”

(To be Continued.)

39

Atlurder in the Sebenteenth Century.

By W. W. Ravenurtt, Recorder of Andover.
[Read before the Society at Andover, August, 1883.]}

* Crime existed before time.’

ScHE terrible incidents narrated in this paper are of so much
‘ interest, not merely to those engaged in the administration
of justice, but to all for all time, that no apology is needed in
bringing them under your notice, though they occurred outside
Wiltshire. I had intended to have done this at our Swindon
meeting, 1873, as being not far from the scene of them,! but was
prevented ; and now, we, though ourselves also “ out of bounds,” are
again connected with that neighbourhood by the useful Swindon,
Marlborough, and Andover Railway, without which perhaps the
present meeting would have been impossible.

The Cotswold Hills, which rise at Tetbury, near the northern
limits of our county, extend thence northwards for about thirty
miles to Broadway Hill, above the small town of Chipping (Market)
Campden. There the ground falls several hundred feet, but two

‘ long spurs, three or four miles apart, ending at Dover’s Hill and

Northwick Park, jut out and approach the lower hills opposite, and
a circular valley is thus formed, five or six miles broad, in the midst
of which, flanked with goodly trees, rises (120ft.) the fine Per-
pendicular tower of Campden Church.? A mile to the north of

1 This story forms the subject of a notice in “London Society,” No. 256,
p- 458, April, 1883, by A. H. Wall, under the heading “ The old Bookstall, a very
extraordinary conviction for murder amongst the collection of rare pamphlets and
tracts from the Earl of Oxford’s Library, now preserved in the British Museum.”
The report (3 Harl. Misc., 547) and papers are in Howell’s “State Trials,” Ed.
A.D. 1812, vol. xiv., p. 1312.

2 This fine Church is undergoing restoration. It is said to date from Richard
II., but a good deal of it is later being due to William Greville, Esq. (in his
epitaph called “ Flos Mercatorum Lanz totius Angliz,” “The Flower of English
Wool Merchants’’), 2nd year of Henry IV. Amongst the benefactors we find
the name of James Thynne, Esq., of Buckland, who erected a gallery in it, and
also built and endowed a school for thirty girls at Campden.

40 Murder in the Seventeenth Century.

this we see the railway station, and can trace the line intersecting
the pleasant circle of pasture, corn, and hedgerow, whilst close by
and for some distance parallel to it, is a small stream, flowing in a
westerly direction to join the Stour. Near the station the road to
Ilmington crosses the stream upon a bridge called “‘ Battle Bridge,”
and about a mile away to the north-east is Ebrington Church.
Both this and Campden Church are interesting in themselves, and
as containing—the former, the stately monuments of the Baptist
Hickeses and Noels, Lords of Campden, a title now merged in that of
Gainsborough ; the latter the burying-place of Sir John Fortescue,
Chancellor (at least in title) to Henry VI., Chief Justice to Edward
IV., and the author of “de Laudibus Legum Angliz.”

There is a carriage-road to Ebrington, branching off from the
main highway at half-a-mile north of Battle Bridge, and previous
to the Enclosure Acts of the present century the ground adjoining
the roads and for some distance on either side, was covered with
thickets and gorse, through which there were paths giving more
direct access for foot or horse passengers to the village. Beyond
there were, enclosed fields on the way, one of them called the
Conigre, belonging to Lady Campden.

Let us climb Ebrington Church tower, thence there is a fine view.
Half-a-mile to the eastward we see the hamlet of Charringworth,
a few houses, partly hidden by the foliage ; and to the south, towards
the railway, the hamlet of Paxford, with its distant background
of “Cotswolds,” whilst in the same direction, immediately ad-
joining the churchyard, and almost at our feet, is the remnant of
the manor house of the Fortescues, approached by a noble avenue
of ancestral trees.

We are told! that this mansion, of which only the central
portion remains, was built in the seventeenth century. It is now
used as a farm house. The once pleasant flower gardens have been
utilised for cabbages and onions, the stream and fountains are gone,
whilst an old red brick summer-house alone stands to lament the
departed glories of the place. History relates that Sir John
Fortescue bought the estate of Sir Robert Corbet, but that on the

1 See Rudder’s and Bigland’s “ Gloucestershire,” tit. Ebrington.

By W. W. Ravenhill, Esq. 41

former’s attainder in the seventh year of King Edward IV., it
was granted by that monareh to Sir John de Burgh, who died four
years later. Fortescue recovered possession in 1475, and died there
‘at an advanced age some years afterwards. It gives a second title
to the present Earl Fortescue. In the chancel of the Church is the
chancellor’s monument, heavy and tasteless, a coloured recumbent
figure of him in his scarlet robes, erected by a descendant, A.D.
1677.

But we must return, and pay a sbort visit to Campden. Whether
the tradition is correct which tells us of a great fight occurring at
Battle Bridge, between the Mercians and West Saxons, I must
leave to others to decide; at any rate there was a good battle-field,
and a boundary not far off, and cattle and crops to fight for,! and the
name “Camp”? supports it. Perchance the town was previously
erected to guard the ford, or afterwards to celebrate the victory ; and
we may credit its early importance as an agreeable dwelling-place, if
not as the scene of the congress of all the kings of the Saxon Hep-
tarchy in A.D. 689, “‘to consult of the making of war or peace
_ with the Britons.” There may be those who attribute the name to
_ this last-mentioned event.

The manor has time out of mind been desirable, and amongst the
_ owners of its fair broad acres are many noble names, e.g., De Somers,
_or Saumarez, the Archbishop of Canterbury in the 6th year of King
_ John ;* Gilbert De Clare, Earl of Gloucester ; Berkley; Audley; and
Stafford. In William the Conqueror’s time it belonged to Hugh,
Earl ot Chester, and afterwards it came by descent to Nicolas de
_Albeniaco (Albany) and from him by descent to the De Somers.

1Mr. Green, in his “ Conquest of England,”’ p. 235, refers the breaking up of
‘ English Mercia into shires to the days of ‘beaten, certainly after A.D. 919.
_ That portion of it inhabited by the Hwiceas was then divided into Gloucestershire
and Worcestershire.

2 Camp=fight or battle ; den=a woody place, Anglo-Saxon. Atkyns says the
m Biteine is “a camp on the plain.”

_ §The Archbishop may then have been King John himself, for Hubert Walter,
Archbishop of Canterbury, d. 13th July, 1205, and there ensued a triangular duel
over the see between the King, the Pope, and the monks of Canterbury. Stephen

Langton was appointed November, 1206.

42 Murder in the Seventeenth Century.

The Ludloes long held it. In the fourteenth century the town is
said to have been a busy centre of the wool trade.

Queen Elizabeth found the manor in the crown, and with con-
sideration, valuable, we may feel sure, granted it to “a Mr. Smith,”
who sold it to Sir Baptist Hickes, afterwards created first Viscount
Campden.

We may doubt whether this period or the fourteenth century was
the golden age of the town, which does not, however, appear to have
ever sent a Member to Parliament. In the third year of King James I.
its ancient civic honours were enhanced by a fresh charter of municipal
incorporation. This corporate body consisted of fourteen capital
and twelve inferior burgesses, two bailiffs elected annually, and a
steward “ learned in the law.” Plenty of persons to rule and property
to protect, we suppose, so plenary and absolute are the provisions—
fine, amerciament, castigation, we are glad to find a lawyer on the
scene. Toamember of that profession the place was also indebted for
the institution, at that period, of the famous Cotswold Games, which
were held on Dover’s Hill, already mentioned, thus named after their
founder, Mr. Robert Dover, an attorney of Barton-on-the- Heath,
Warwickshire. These “ manly sports of all sorts,” which won the
patronage of Royalty, were the theme of the first poets of that time,
and attracted for forty years—till the Civil War—nobles and gentles

far and near :—
“On Cotswold Hills there meets,
A greater troop of gallants than Rome’s streets
E’er saw in Pompey’s triumphs; Beauties too
More than Diana’s beavie of nymphs could show
On their great hunting days . .. .
- . . . there in the morn,
When bright Aurora peeps, a bugle horn
The summons gives, straight thousands fill the plain

On stately coursers.”
Annalia Dubrensia.*

*The Annalia Dubrensia contain poems by Michael Drayton, Ben Jonson, and about thirty other
poets, more or less eminent. We read :—
“‘The Nemean and Isthmian pastures still
Though dead in Greece, survive on Cotswold Hill.’?

A great many wonderful things happen there, e.g, lambs to dwell with tigers, and ladies to
plaster over their furrowed faces, &c., and then the poem proceeds to sing Dover’s praises :—
“ First shall Vigeteman, that bird of night,
To fly at noon take pleasure and delight,
Ere Cotswold shepherds on their jointed reeds
Shall cease to sing his fame-deserved deeds,
Who from their tombs wherein they were enthral’d,
The ancient dancing Druides hath call’d.’’
Bigland says, “Dover with the leave of James I, selected the place for the games, and that

By W. W. Ravenhill, Esq. 43

In these days, too, Sir Baptist Hickes, first Viscount Campden,
built the noble mansion, a small fragment of which, and its curious
entrance lodges, are yet standing, the latter hard by the Church.?

He had purchased the estate soon after 1608, and twenty years
later was created Viscount Campden by King Charles I. His
liberality and public spirit are still apparent, from the market
house which he erected in the middle of the one long straight street
of the town, and from his restoration of the parish Church, and also
from the handsome almshouses with which, in 1612, he linked the
Church and manor house to the street.

A very fine canopied marble monument with recumbent figures
of himself and Lady Campden, erected in the transept of the Church,
records their virtues.? He died, et. 78, 18th October, 1629, and having
no son was succeeded in his honours and estates by his eldest daughter,
Juliana, and her husband, Edward, Baron Noel of Ridlington,
afterwards created Viscount Campden, who are commemorated in
the same chapel by one of the most striking monuments in this
country, of which I shall have somewhat to say presently. The
second Lord Campden died at Oxford, 6th March, 1643, whilst

_ Endymion Porter, Esq., a native of Gloucestershire (a name, too, known in Wilts), a servant of
’ James I., a person of most generous spirit, did to encourage Dover give him some of the said King’s
old clothes, with a hat feather and ruff purposely to grace him, and consequently the solemnity.
Dover was constantly there well mounted and accoutred, and chief director of these games,
frequented by the nobility and gentry who came sixty miles to see them, till the rascally rebellion
* by the Presbyterians, which gave a stop to these proceedings, and spoiled all that was generous
and ingenuous elsewhere.”

h In Somerville’s Chace Hobbinol or Rural Games have for their scene Dover’s Hill,

1“ From an accurate plan and elevation,” says Bigland of this fine house, “ still
extant, it appears to have been an edifice in the boldest style of that day. It
consisted of four fronts, the principal towards the garden ; upon the grand terrace,
at the east angle, was a lateral projection of some feet, with spacious bow windows;
in the centre a portico with a series of columns, of the five orders, as in the
schools of Oxford; and an open corridor. The parapet was finished with pediments,
of a capricious taste; and the chimnies were twisted pillars, with Corinthian
capitals; a very capacious dome (or lantern) issued from the roof, which was
regularly illuminated, for the direction of travellers, during the night. This
_ immense building was enriched with friezes and entablatures, most profusely sculp-
- tured; it is reported to have occupied, with its offices, a site of eight acres, and
to have been erected at the expense of £29,000.” —_Bigland’s “ Gloucestershire.”
2 Of him the epitaph says “ that he was born in London, and by the blessing
of God on his ingenious endeavours arose to an ample estate ; but of which, in
his lifetime, he disposed to charitable uses to the value of £10,000.”

44 Murder in the Seventeenth Century.

attending on the King, during the negotiations for peace at that
place. He was succeeded by his son Baptist, who raised and kept
a troop for the Royal cause. For this he had to pay to the
Parliamentary sequestrators “ £9000, and £150 a year to the ministry
of the day.” He was happier perhaps in winning four noble wives,
in the course of his long life, and being blessed with eighteen
children, fifteen of whom survived.!

But the Civil War was heavy on them, for in May, 1645,
Campden House was completely destroyed, by fire and otherwise,
possibly at the instance of its owner, lest it should fall into the
hands of the Parliament. ‘“ Tout bien ow rien” is the family motto.
The devastation was complete, and the kindly beacon lantern,
which the philanthropic Baptist Hickes had erected on the housetop
to guide benighted travellers to the hospitalities of Campden was
for ever extinguished. Besides this family calamity, there was the
death of Lord Campden’s brother Henry in prison. Whether the
dowager Juliana, Lady Campden, or her son Baptist, ever again
resided in the neighbourhood may be doubted as they both died at
Exton, Rutland, but at any rate the former, who was a very grand lady,
a ee

1 We would wish he might not be the governor of Campden House whom Lord
Clarendon mentions, p. 551, Ed. Oxon., 1843. A.D. 1645, May, before the Battle
of Naseby. The King in passing from Oxford (May 7th, 1645) to Evesham,
withdrew his garrison from Campden, “ which,” says Clarendon, ‘‘had brought no
other benefit to the public than the enriching the licentious governor thereof ;
who exercised an illimited tyranny over the whole country, and took his leave of
it, in wantonly burning the noble structure, where he had too long inhabited, and
which, not many years before, had cost about thirty thousand pounds the building.”
Baptist, Lord Campden, married, first, Lady Ann Fielding, second daughter of
William, Earl of Denbigh, by whom he had three children, who died in infancy ;
secondly, he married the widow of the Earl of Bath, a daughter of Sir R. B.
Lovet. There was a still-born child of this union. For his third wife he had
Hester, one of the four daughters and co-heiresses of Lord Wootton. She gave
him two sons—Edward, his successor, afterwards created by Charles II, Karl of
Gainsborough, a second son, Henry—and four daughters. On her death he married
Elizabeth Bertie, eldest daughter of Montague, Lord Lindsay, by whom he had
six sons, who lived, two who were still-born, and three daughters. Lord Campden
died at Exton, in Rutlandshire, 1682. He is mentioned in Wood’s “ Fasti,”
page 83, together with the Electoral Prince Charles, William, Marquis of Hertford,
Earl of Strafford, William Lenthall, John Selden, &c., as a subscriber towards
the publication of Dr. Andrew Walton’s (Bishop of Chester) “ Biblia Polyglotta,”

By W. W. Ravenhill, Esq. 45

continued to receive the rents from her large and valuable estates,
situated there or in the neighbourhood, and Mr. William Harrison,
_ her steward, who had held office in the family for about fifty years,
was amongst the chief if not the most important resident in the town.
The incidents of this melancholy story centre on him.
It was A.D. 1660, the year of the Restoration of His most sacred
_ Majesty, King Charles II.
_ What a day was that 29th of May in the metropolis. Twenty
_ thousand horse and foot escorted the King, shouting for joy, passing
~ over flower-strewn highways. The houses were hung with tapestry,
and the windows and balconies were crowded with cheerful faces.
The Church bells ringing, fountains running with wine, the Lord
Mayor and all the Corporation and Civic Companies in full costume.
— Lords and ladies in rich apparel with gay equipages ; whilst multi-
tudes of country folk thronged the streets. Then there were trum-
peters, bands of music, mummers and showmen. O joyous day—
‘except for the Puritans. It took seven hours, from 2, till 9, p.m.,
for the processions to pass through the city. This joy extended
throughout the country, and many disbanded soldiers, strollers and
-gipsies wandered hither and thither telling the tidings.
In Gloucestershire such was the credibility and intelligence of the
period that these wonders were almost eclipsed by the report of an
appearance of frogs, a vast army of them walking in array, per-
forming feats, and disappearing. An account of this will be found
_at the end of my paper.
_ The county was not quit of the frogs ere their attention was
directed to the news of a dreadful murder at Ebrington.
_ On the 16th of August, 1660, Mr. Harrison left his house at
ie ampden and went through Ebrington to Charringworth, the hamlet
already noticed. He was then about seventy years of age,
bu ; was physically and mentally strong. We can picture him
as he strode through the fields, where the harvest was going on.
Dressed in the picturesque costume of the period—bands, ruffle, broad
brimmed hat, long hair, with comb—thinking, as the reapers and
gleaners moved before him, of the good chance there was of his

a >

receiving the rent due to “ My Lady” when they had been paid their

46 Murder im the Seventeenth Century.

wages that evening—for it was with this object that he was going.
When he arrived he was doomed to disappointment, for he only
received £23. This he put in his pocket, and left the village at the
close of the evening, on his way homewards. He had been detained
somewhat longer than usual, and he moved off with a vigorous step,
quickening his pace, apparently on that account. He reached
Ebrington, and there stopped for a few minutes at the house of a
man named Daniel, and then hurried on towards Campden.

From this time nothing more was seen of him by the witnesses
called at the examinations before the magistrate and subsequent trial.

Mrs. Harrison was anxious about him ; it was full late for a man
of seventy to be out, and the times were unsettled, notwithstanding
the active measures of the late Lord Protector—cut-throats, and
ruffians were about—and there was the thicket of furze above Battle
Bridge to be passed, the very place for such villains to ply their
trade. Accordingly, as he did not arrive, between eight and
nine o’clock, she sent their servant, John Perry, towards Charring-
worth to try and meet his master. Then she, following good Lord
Campden’s example, placed up in her husband’s bedroom a lamp to
guide him, a beacon he well knew. Neither master nor man returned
that night. Early the next morning she sent her son, Edward, to
Charringworth. On the way he met Perry coming homewards,
who told him that his father was not there. The two then
went to Ebrington, where they found that Daniel had seen him ;
and gaining no further information they went to Paxford, the
hamlet already mentioned, and there discovered that an old
woman who had been leasing, had picked up a hat, bands, and comb,
which they recognized as belonging to Mr. Harrison; the bands
blood-stained, the hat and comb hacked about. She shewed them
the spot where she had found them, the furze break between Ebring-
ton and Battle Bridge. They searched thoroughly the place
and neighbourhood. Nothing further could be discovered. But it
was clear that Mr. Harrison had met with violence, and probably
murder. Hue and cry was now raised in Campden, the country was
scoured, but no further traces of poor Mr. Harrison were found.
He must have been murdered, but by whom? As the day wore on it

By W. W. Ravenhill, Esq. 47

occurred to somebody that the fact of Perry’s non-return the night
before was a matter which should be explained. Perry offered so un-
satisfactory an account of himself that the next day (Saturday, Aug.
18th) he was brought before a magistrate and gave the following story
of what he had done that night. ‘ He said that on his being ordered
to go to Charringworth, he started and at a land’s length he met
William Read,of Campden. He told him where he was going, that he
was afraid to proceed, and would fetch his young master’shorseand ride
on him. That he returned with Read to his master’s gate, where they
parted. Perry said he stayed there for some time, and a man named
Pearce came by, and he went a bow-shot’s length with him towards
Charringworth, but then they returned and parted; and he, still
afraid to go alone, went to his master’s hen-roost, and laid down
there an hour. The clock struck twelve, he started once more. As
he went a mist came on, he lost his way, took shelter in a hedge
till daybreak; and then went to Charringworth, where he saw one
Edward Plaisterer, who told him Mr. Harrison had been to him the
night before and received £23 from him, but was with him only a
short time. He also went to a man named Courtis, at whose house
_ Mr. Harrison had been, but, as he did not see him, no information
was gained. That then he, Perry, returned homewards and
met Mr. Edward Harrison.” A poor creature this Perry! and
everyone of the men above-mentioned were called and said that
_ what he had said about them was correct enough. Then the
magistrate asked why he had courage at twelve which he had not
at nine. His answer was ready ; “ At twelve there was a moon, but
at nine it was dark. Moreover, that though near his master’s
house till twelve he did not go in because he knew his master had
not returned, for there was a light burning in his room, which
never was there so late, when he was at home.”

But though frightened Perry’s story, supported as it was by his own
_ pallid face, and the witnesses whom he called, mightseem satisfactory
~ enough, not so thought the Campden magistrate. Perry was out that
night, Mr. Harrison had not come home, therefore Perry may have
murdered him. Accordingly he was kept in custody till the fol-
lowing Friday, August 24th (during this remand he was again probed

48 Murder in the Seventeenth Century.

in vain by the magistrate) when he was sect at liberty. He had said
to some folks whilst thus confined that Mr. Harrison had been murdered
by a tinker ; to others that a gentleman’s servant who lived near had
robbed and murdered him; to other third parties again that he was
murdered and concealed in a bean rick. None of these stories were
found to be correct. On his release he was immediately, no doubt
pressed much by his intelligent and inquisitive neighbours. At
length, that same day, he said, “ If he were taken once more before
the magistrate he would confess to him.” This was done at once.
On being questioned he said his master was murdered, but not by
him. Then said the magistrate “If you know he was murdered, you
must know the murderer.” Perry said, “So Ido.” The magistrate
then asked him further. He declared it was his mother and
brother who had done it. The magistrate warned him. He might
be guilty of his master’s death, but he should pause ere he drew
invocent lives into peril. But Perry declared it was true and that if
he died at once he would justify his affirmation. He was next ex-
amined as to how it happened. He said his mother and brother had,
ever since he entered Mr. Harrison’s service, urged him to let them
know when his master was going to collect “‘ My Lady’s” rent, that
they might waylay and rob him. That during the morning of the
16th of August he met his brother in Cam pden Street, and told him
of his master’s intended visit to Charringworth that day, and that if
he met him he might get some money. Accordingly in the evening,
when he was sent to meet his master, he found his brother before the
gate, on the quest. They then went together towards Charringworth
until they came to an enclosure belonging to Lady Campden’s,
called the Conigre, across which is the nearest way to that village
from Mr. Harrison’s. But the gate of it could only be opened by those
who had a key. John Perry went on to say that he then told his
brother Richard he thought his master had just gone in there (for
he had seen some one go in with a key), and that if he followed
him he might rob him, whilst he would take a turn in the fields.
This he did. After a time returning, he found in the middle of the
Conigre his master on the ground, his brother upon him, and his
mother standing by. Mr, Harrison was not then dead, for he cried

By W. W. Ravenhill, Esq. 49

out, “ Ah! rogues, will you kill me? He said he asked his brother

to spare him, but he replied, ‘“ Peace, peace, you are a fool,” and

strangled him. (Oh! poor Mr. Harrison!) He further con-

fessed that his brother took a bag of money out of the dead man’s
pocket, and threw it to their mother, and that afterwards he and
his brother carried the body into a garden near, and having con-
sulted how to dispose of it, they determined to throw it into the
great sink by Wallington’s Mill. He was next sent by them ta
watch the court-yard of the house, whilst his confederates took the
body to the sink and threw it in; and then they parted, for he went
to the court-gate and there met John Pearse and the other man,
and laid down in the hen-roost as already narrated. Thither he
carried his master’s hat, bands and comb, and gave them some cuts
with his knife. When he went out at twelve o’clock he took them
with him and threw them down at the spot where they were found,
and then went on to Charringworth,

It is scarcely possible to conceive a more cruel cold blooded murder,
than this startling confession disclosed, from the onset, when
Richard Perry rushed upon the unhappy old man as he came through
the darkness, till the body (it is to be hoped life was really extinct)
was cast into Wallington’s pool.

“There, get some water,
And wash this filthy witness from your hand.”

Macbeth, IT., Se. 2.

It happened that the same magistrate who had hitherto measured
John Perry’s raseality was at hand toact. The mother and brother
_ were at once arrested by his order. He also directed that same day
‘a search for Mr. Harrison’s body. They hunted fields, hedgerows,
and hay-stacks, some of the pools and furse brakes, but all in vain,
no further trace of Mr. Harrison could at that time be found. There
were not such good appliances for dragging water then as now.

3 On the following day (Saturday, Aug. ea all three prisoners were

L. XXII.—NO. LXIV. EB

5C Murder in the Seventeenth Century.

worrying him to get at his master’s money, as for instance when he
received ‘“‘ My Lady’s” rents; and that he had told Richard on the fatal
day, when he met him in Campden, that Mr. Harrison was going
to Charringworth, that afternoon. Richard admitted meeting
his brother in Campden, but said that nothing passed about
Mr. Harrison. “ Oh! you villain!” cried the mother and brother,
over and over again. But John was firm; “ What I have said is
the truth, and I will die for it.”

A circumstance confirming as it was thought John’s confession,
occurred on their way back from the magistrate’s house to the place
of custody, Richard Perry (who followed his brother, John Perry,
at some distance). was seen to drop a roll of narrow tape from his
pocket. It was pounced on by his guard, in the teeth of his
assertion that it was his wife’s hair lace, and, on being opened, a slip
knot was found at the end. Whereupon it was brought to John, who
being in front was ignorant of the incident, and he recognised it
at once as the string with which his brother had strangled his master.

On Sunday, August the 26th, they were taken to Campden Church
—more temporum—for repentance and confession at the desire of the
minister of the Church of England, On the road they met two of
Richard Perry’s children. One he took up in his arms, the other
he led. It is said that the noses of both burst out bleeding at the
same time. Oh! most awful omen!!

1 Of the importance that attached in those days to the appearance of blood as
denoting guilt or innocence, a curious instance is given in the same volume of the
State Trials, vol. 14, p.1321, Norkott’s case, 4th year of Charles I., noted by the
celebrated Serjeant Sir John Maynard. Jane Norkott, the wife of Arthur Nor-
kott, how came she by her death? Coroner’s inquest found feo de se. Found
dead in her bed—a knife sticking in the floor—her throat cut from ear to ear.
After she went to bed on the previous night with her infant child, no one entered
her room, as was stated by the grandmother and aunt, and the latter’s husband,
Okeman, who were in the next room, through which alone could she be approached.
Arthur Norkott, Jane’s husband, was absent. Reports spread that the jury were
wrong, whereupon, thirty days after, Jane’s body was exhumed in the presence of
the jury and a great number of people. The jury changed their verdict, and
Arthur Norkott, Mr. and Mrs. Okeman, and the grandmother, were tried at
Hertford Assizes and acquitted—but in the opinion of Judge Harvey, against
the evidence, he saying that it were better that appeal were brought than that so
foul a murder should escape unpunished. In Pasch. 4 Carolus I. the appeal

By W. W. Ravenhill, Esq. 51

It may be well to mention here, that Mr. Harrison’s house had
been broken open the year before and £140 stolen, in the day time,
whilst the entire household (including Perry) were at Church. But
there were no traces of the robbery beyond a ladder standing against
the window which had been entered, and the ploughshare which had
been used to burst the fastening. The thieves had not been
discovered.

There was yet a stranger story. John Perry had some weeks
before been seen in a garden at Campden by some neighbours,
running away with a sheep pick in his hand, and crying aloud with
fear. He said he had been attacked by two people dressed in white
with swords, and that he had defended himself with the pick, and
just as the neighbours came the men had run away. He shewed
some sword-cuts on the pick handle, and dents on a key, which
chanced to be in his pocket, as proofs of the combat.

ee Ne ee
brought by the infant child of the deceased against the four prisoners who had been
acquitted came on for trial. “‘The evidence was so strange,” says Serjeant Maynard,
“T took exact and particular notice of it.” An ancient and grave person, minister
of the parish, said that the body being taken up out of the grave thirty days
after the party’s death, and lying on the grass, and the four defendants being
present they were required each of them to touch the dead body. Okeman’s wife
fell upon her knees and prayed God to shew tokens of her innocency. She then
touched the corpse, and the brow, which before was of a livid and carrion colour,
__ began to have a dew or gentle sweat arise on it, which increased by degrees till
it ran down in drops upon the face; the brow turned to a lively and fresh colour,
and the deceased opened one of her eyes and shut it again; and this opening the
eye was done three several times; she likewise thrust out the ring or marriage
finger three times and pulled it in again; and the finger dropped blood from
it on the grass. Sir Nicholas Hyde, Chief Justice, doubting, asked who else
saw this, when the minister of the adjoining parish, also a grave and reverend
person, corroborated the facts. The first minister said he dipped his finger in the
blood from the body, and surely believed it to be blood. Other proofs, having
a direct bearing on the murder, were given, e.g. (1) the body found undisturbed,
the child by it. (2) Throat cut from ear to ear, and neck broken. How could
_ the latter have happened if felo de se? (8) No blood on the bed, save a tincture
_ where the head lay. (4) Streams of blood under the bed, from the head of it one
towards the centre, from the foot another in the same direction; also blood clots
on the bed mat. (5) The knife sticking in floor, bloody and a good distance from
the bed, the point towards it, the haft from it. (6) Print of a thumb and four.
fingers of a left hand on the body.
_ We may presume—for we are not told—that this appeal or re-trial came to
nothing, but at anyrate Mrs. Okeman’s innocence was proved !

E 2

52 Murder in the Seventeenth Century.

The magistrate having been reminded of these matters, questioned
him about them, when he confessed that with regard to the robbery
of the £140 he had told his mother and brother of that money ;
and how it might be had; and that accordingly, whilst he and all
Mr. Harrison’s family were at Church, his brother had got it for all
three, and buried it in his garden, and to avoid suspicion they were not
to divide it till the coming Michaelmas. As to the other affair, he
said that was a fiction of his own, that thieves might be supposed
to be haunting his master’s house, and so suspicion be diverted
from himself and his companions. Search was made for the £140,
but in vain. The three prisoners were committed to gaol for trial
at the assizes, the time for which was not far off.

Some delay ensued on King Charles’s return, before the circuits
were arranged ; accordingly, the Gloucester Summer Assizes, 1660,
were not held till September 12th. The criminal business was not
generally of very evil consequence to the prisoners. All offences
other than treason or murder were usually forgiven. His Majesty
had with a royal courtesy reciprocated the warm reception of
his subjects by granting a quasi general pardon, which was
confirmed by an Act of Oblivion. At Winchester, as no one
was condemned, there was a maiden assize; and to perfect the joy
of the occasion, it is stated that all sequestrated ministers won
verdicts at “ nisi prius.”

The judge who presided in the Crown Court at Gloucester was Sir
Christopher Turner, a Baron of the Exchequer, well known as a
careful judge,

Two indictments were found by the grand jury against all three
Perrys—the first for the housebreaking and robbery of the £140,
the second for the murder of Mr. Harrison. The trial of the latter
was put off, as the prosecution, in the opinion of the judge, was not
ready to proceed. On their being arraigned on the first charge
they all pleaded not guilty ; but some folks behind, probably petty
officials, desirous of avoiding the delay of the proceedings, whispered
to them “ that they would get no punishment in those happy days.
What matter the plea when there was no gaol!” So they soon
pleaded guilty, and prayed pardon, which was granted. They were

By W. W. Ravenhill, Esq. 58

: then sent back to gaol, to await the charge of murder at the
next spring assizes; John still asserting that they had murdered
his master, and that since they had been in custody, his mother
and brother had attempted to poison him for confessing.
The Perrys and Mr. Harrison were forgotten for the time by the
general public, who were soon busy talking over the reception of
| the Princess Mary of Orange, the King’s sister. How the King
| and his brother, the Duke of York, went to meet her on her arrival
in the Thames, and how she was escorted by them up the river in
the royal barge to Whitehall. Tower guns firing, ships decked out
in colours, and saluting with all their might, whilst British cheers
| gave a hearty welcome, rising above the music of the Church bells,
At night there were bonfires and gaieties. Such was the gallant
reception of Michaelmas, 1660, alas! too soon (December) to be fol-
lowed by the death of the Princess. Her brother, the Duke of
Gloucester, had in the previous September died from the same
disease, small pox, so fatal to Royalty in that age. Meanwhile,
notwithstanding the good feeling evinced, the prosecution of the
Regicides was pressed on.

It is well for history that the old Wiltshire Republican General,
Edmund Ludlow, of Maiden Bradley, now escaped to the Continent,
though £300 was offered for his arrest,

Of Wilts news I find a few matters. Sir James Thynne, Knight,
of Longleat, was on Monday, November 5th, 1660, nominated by
the King, High Sheriff for the county. Five days afterwards,
(perhaps under his auspices, certainly under those of its commander,
Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper, afterwards Lord Shaftesbury,) the
Wilts County Regiment was disbanded at Salisbury, amidst much
rejoicing—for had not all the regiment welcomed the King? The
arrears of pay due to them were £15,027 4s. 11d., which I sincerely
hope they received. There were happy doings on the occasion.
First a pertinent speech by that worthy gentleman, the Major of the
regiment, better known as Colonel Brown of the King’s army.
Then there were loud acclamations when His Majesty’s Commission-
ers appointed to disband them advanced, which increased on the
declaration, that a royal bounty of a week’s pay would be added to

54 _ Murder in the Seventeenth Century.

their arrears. Brimful of loyalty and anticipated wealth, they
declared they would spend this extra money, each man, in the
purchase of a ring, whose posie should be the King’s gift, as an
earnest and memento that they would always be ready, when His
Majesty’s service, and none but his, should call them to their duty.!

Soon came the first New Year’s Day of the Restoration.

In March, 1661, His Majesty’s judges arrived at Gloucester. Mr.
Justice Robert Hyde sat on the Crown side. He was a son
of the late Chief Justice, Sir Nicholas Hyde, of Heale, Wilts, and
a cousin of Lord Clarendon’s, and:in 1663 became Chief Justice of
the Queen’s Bench. His monument and remains are in Salisbury
Cathedral.

The three Perrys were brought before him on the indictment
for the murder of Mr. Harrison.

Some here may have been present at a trial for murder, and have ~
witnessed the deep anxiety there is usually amongst all who are en-
gaged upon it. How each word is weighed with nicety. How
looks and actions of witnesses are carefully observed in search of
truth. Who can forget the production of some weapon or garment,
telling its tale of violence or bloodshed. Solemn, no doubt, was the
scene then at Gloucester. Anxious, it should have been, because the
chief evidence against the prisoners was the confession of one of
them; most sad that a mother could be there, with her two sons on
such a charge. We can picture the three trembling in the dock as
the charge is read. To the general surprise, they all ¢hree pleaded
not guilty. John Perry was reminded of his confession, but he
said he was mad when he made it, and they all averred that they
were neither guilty of that nor of the housebreaking and robbery
of the £140, which they had confessed at the previous assizes.
The trial proceeded. Some leading counsel, we may presume,

1Tf I had given them a motto it would be that of an old Grand Commander
at Malta, who, when he wanted a loan (which he afterwards honourably paid)
had engraved on a hastily-made coinage, “Non Ais sed fides ’—not money but
faith ; for we well know how soon King Charles the Second’s coffers became
empty. Do any of these rings still exist ?

By W. W. Ravenhilli, Esq. 55

appeared to prosecute; but in those days prisoners, by the law of
England, were not permitted to “retain for the defence,” beyond
securing a barrister to argue points of law for them, should any arise.
It is to be regretted that we have no further record on this point,
for it is a well known legal axiom that one prisoner’s confession
cannot prejudice another, though facts discovered in consequence
can be given in evidence. Proceedings in the seventeenth century
were at times very indifferently carried out; and there are reported
sayings of this judge which have a flavour of Lord Jeffreys. It
may be doubted whether any of our present rules with regard to
confessions were observed. John Perry’s confessions are said to have
been fully proved ; he still, however, denied his guilt, as did also
the other two, Richard adding that John had accused others besides
his mother and himself. On the judge asking their names he said
most of the witnesses knew, but he either could not or would not
give them, “‘so this made rather against him.” All, moreover, were
looked upon with prejudice, from their having confessed the house-
breaking—the judgment upon which was recorded against them.
The jury found all three guilty, and the awful sentence of death
was passed upon them.

Some days after, they were brought to Broadway Hill for execution,
this place being selected, it is said, at the instance of young Mr.
Harrison, that he might daily see the bodies. The mother, Joan Perry,
was hung first, for she was considered a witch, and to have bewitched
her sons. It was hoped they would make some confession, when her
spell had been broken. Richard was next led to the gallows; he
still declared his entire innocence of the crime, and said he knew
nothing of the matter; and then finally with great earnestness
_ besought his brother, for the satisfaction of the world and his own
conscience to tell what he knew about it. But the latter, in a
_ surly way, told the people he was not obliged to confess to them.
- Richard died; and then John,! whose last words were “ I am innocent,
’ but hereafter you may hear about it.” Some such speech fell from

_. * John Perry was hung in irons, as the principal criminal ; the others appear
to have suffered in the usual way.

56 Murder in the Seventeenth Century.

Rush, the Stanfield Hall murderer, at Norwich Assizes, 1849. Young
Harrison stood at the foot of the ladder during the whole pro-
ceedings, and no doubt the corpses remained on the gallows for
some time (such being the custom till the reign of King William IV.)
most hideous spectacle to poor Richard Perry’s wife and children! }

Turn we to brighter subjects. April 23rd, 1661, was proclaimed
throughout the length and breadth of the land as the coronation
day of King Charles II. A general holiday. Doubtless there were
gay doings in Campden, as yallant, if not more so, than any of our
time, but I have found no record of them. You all, perhaps, have
read what happened in London, the events at the Tower, the inmates
of which entertained the King (the lions [caged] doing homage to him
“by nature’s first instructions” ) the moving of the Royal procession
westwards, the stopping on the way for a grand speech of Sir
William Wylde, Recorder of London, and again for the humbler
flights of a “Blew” coat boy. Later there was the banquet in
Westminster Hall. However, you may like to know what occurred
in Bath. Here is an account written to the King’s physician, and
meant perhaps for His Majesty’s perusal :—?
= se manner of the Celebration of the King’s Coronation Day in the City of

ath.

** Honoured Sir,

“Pardon me, my businesse now is only to give you the true and plain
relation of our celebrating the coronation day of his Sacred Majesty in our City
of Bath, w" was as followeth.

“Viz The first onset was at the house of God with the Bells.

“The next by Drums beating and armed men in three companies; the Ist the

Trained band, commanded by Lieutenant Walter Gibbs; the 2nd a volunteer
Company, commanded by their Captain, the Loyal and much suffering Captain

1 The “ Civil Law” speaks of this local execution as a solatium to the relations.
The whole sentence will be read with interest :—‘ Famosos latrones, in his locis
ubi grassati sunt fured figendos placuit: ut, et conspectu deterreantur alii et
solatio sit cognatis interemptorum eodem loci poena reddita in quo latrones
homicidia fecissent.” Ff. 48, 19, 28, s. 15.

2K. P., Sm. Qto., 869. Title page :—

Of the celebration of the King’s Coronation Day in the famous City of Bath.
April 23rd, 1661. A True Narrative in a letter sent from thence to Dr.
Charleton, Physician to his Majesty. Vivat Rex. London, printed April
29th, 1661.”

By W. W. Ravenhill, Esq. 57

Thomas Gibbs; the 3rd a volunteer Company of 60 men out of his Majesties
Loyal and much suffering Parish of Weston, commanded by their Loyal Captain,
Captain John Shepperd.

“These standing in order made a lane for these persons following (viz) 1st the
Maior (Mayor), who declared his high loyalty and expressed himself with much
alacrity for the great honour, which he lately received from his Majesty in kissing
his Royal hand, and his acquitting him of some aspersions lately cast upon him.
He with the Aldermen in Scarlet Gowns; our Loyal Faithful and Learned Minister
Mr. James Masters; the Common Council and other officers in black gowns,
according to order with many other Loyal persons went to our great Church ;
and entering in to the Churchyard were received by the foot companies with
‘God save the King,’ they expressing themselves with ‘Life and all’ to serve
his Majestie. The Maior and his Company taking their places in the Church,
the Trained bands keeping their stations, Mrs. Maioress, the Aldermen’s wives,
with many other gentlewomen enter the Churchyard, before whom marched about
400 Virgins, most in white waistcoats and green petticoats, going 2 and 2, each
2 bearing aloft upon their hands gilded crowns, crowns made of flowers, and
wreaths of laurel mixed with Tulips, which I think were those Lilies of which
our Saviour said, that Solomon in all his glory was not clothed like one of these.
These ushered Mrs. Maioress to her seat in the Church, and were ushered them-
selves by 2 young champions, with swords drawn, all crying out ‘ God Save the
King,’ and continued in the Church till sermon was ended, which was preached

_ by our Learned Mr. Masters, the text taken out of Matthew 22 and v. 21,
(‘Render unto Czxsar, &c.). The sermon if not put in print, will be much
wrong to his Majesty, and all his subjects, wherefore you may do good service,
if you will desire His Majesty to command Mr. Masters to put it in print.

“Phe Sermon Ended, Master Maior, his company, with the foot soldiers
marched to the Conduit,* there being presented out of the Conduit with a health
to the King in wine, which they all drank, the loud Musick plaid before them.
From thence they went to the Guild Hall, and there drank another health to the
King, at which time there were 4 streamers bearing the Kinge’s Armes, and

_ the Royal Oak mounted upon the 4 pinacles of the Hall. All this while Mrs.
Maioress was not idle; for she her Company, her Amazons, and their Champions
marched to the Conduit, and from thence to the Maiors House, as he himself
had led the way with his Train, who gave him a volley of shot, as they had done
before when he came out of the Church, this last receiving much honour by the
addition of the volunteer troops, of that most Loyal Knight Sir William Bassett.
The Maior entered his house, whom Mrs. Maioress followed, with all her Maiden
Guards, to all whom was given cake and wine, drinking a health to the King

‘upon their knees, which was begun by Mr. Maior and Mrs. Maioress. After

- which the Maior and his company marched before the soldiers through all the

City, rendering acclamations of joy. In like manner did Mrs. Maioresse with

her female Royalists. And thus was the whole day spent, and that with as
much alacrity, as I think can scarce be parallel’d. The night being come, some

gers co it a

_ ®K. Pam., Single Sheets, vol. 20. Dated April 26 th, Mr, Ford’s letter, printed in London, 1661.
_ (Mr. Mayor of Bath), John Ford’s letters to William Prynne., Conduit in the Market Place. It ran
with claret. Prynne’s nephew, Mr. George Club, commanding a troop of mounted yolunteers,

58 Murder in the Seventeenth Century.

hours were spent in fireworks after which each Loyal Soul betook himself to his
home, when the musick of the bells brought quiet rest.*

“ And thus ended this joyfull day, for which I shall dayly pray to the Almighty
to continue us thankfull hearts, and that his sacred Majesty may have a long
and prosperous reign, that his friends may dayly aid him and all his Enemies
may be confounded, concluding with the words of our Loyal Minister, God Save
the King, and let all the people say ‘Amen.’ These shall be the never ceasing
prayers of his Majesties meanest yet very loyal subject till Death.

“ Bath, April 24th 1661. “Wm. SMITH.
Postscript.
(pit,

“At the writing hereof the Bells were ringing, the Drums beating, and Guns
shooting off, the crowns and wreaths on the end of the Lyon upon the Cross in
the King’s Bath. But all this will end in a short time, but our Loyalty not
till Death.

; ‘* Sir, your very humble servant,
“Wittiam SMITH.”

Another eighteen months passed, during which folks at Chipping
Campden would hear of the King’s marriage, May, 1662, with
the Princess Katharine of Portugal, and in the following autumn,
or perhays a year or two later—for the exact date is not given—
Mr. Harrison returned to his home! He had not been murdered.
Oh! poor Joan and Richard Perry! !

* Ford’s letters. The night began to participate of our mirth, which we entertained with bonefires,
and flying firearms, prepared by certain persons, sent for that purpose fr. Bristoll who excellently
well performed their undertakings for several hours, all being done the people civilly dispersed.
Next day the soldiers were letting off their powder all that was left, marched about the city giving
several vollies of shot.

1 The account published by authority many years afterwards contains at the end
some observations. From these it appears that the account Mr. Harrison gave of
the matter was doubted, and some believed his story was false, and that he never
left England, but that it was certain that the Perrys were hung for a murder they
had never committed, and that Mr. Harrison was absent from his home near two
years. This would place the date of his return in the summer or early autumn
of 1662. Mr. Harrison states that he was put on board ship on Sunday, 19th
August, having been kidnapped the previous Thursday, that he remained six
weeks on that ship, and was then removed to a Turkish vessel whilst on the
high seas, and stayed there for an unknown period. He landed at Smyrna,
and was for one and three-quarter years with the physician to whom he was sold.
Then on his death he escaped and got a passage to Lisbon, and immediately
after reaching that port was, by the kindness of an unknown friend, sent to
Dover. There would be increased intercourse with England owing to Charles II.
marrying the Portuguese Princess. This account appears to substantially agree
with the statement that he was absent from home for two years. There was a
rumour in after years that his son had him carried off that he might get his
stewardship, but of this there is no proof.

By W. W. Ravenhill, £sq. 59

What must have been the joy of Mrs. Harrison when she saw
him entering the old home. Think of the reunion of those aged
souls, so long and sadly severed! What must have been the
feelings of the son, who had taken so prominent a part in the
execution !

At length Mr. Harrison could tell his story.’

“T had gone to Charringworth to collect rents, had expected to receive a
considerable sum, but had only received £23 and no more.

“In my return home in the narrow passage amongst Ebrington furzes, there
met me one horseman, and said Art thou there? and I fearing that he would
have rid over me struck his horse over the nose ; whereupon he struck at me with
his sword several blows, and ran it into my side; while I (with my little cane)
made my defence as well as I could; at last another came behind me, run me
into the thigh, laid hold on the collar of my doublet and drew me to a hedge
near the place; then came in another. They did not take my money, but
mounted me behind one of them, drew my arms about his middle, and fastened
mv wrists together with something that had a spring lock to it, as I conceived
hearing it give a snap as they put it on; then they threw a great cloak over me
and carried me away ; in the night they alighted at a hayrick, which stood near
unto a stone pit by a wall side where they took away my money, about two hours
before day (as I heard one tell the other he thought it to be then) they tumbled
me into the stone pit. They stayed as I thought about one hour at the hay rick
when they took horse again, and one of them bad me come out of the stone pit,
I answered they had my money already and asked what they would do with me.

_ Whereupon he struck me again, drew me out and put a great quantity of money

in my pockets and mounted me again after the same manner and on the Friday
about the sun setting they brought me to a lone house upon a heath by a thicket
of bushes, where they took me almost dead being sorely bruised with the carriage
of the money.”

There they rested for the night, and he had broth and “ strong
waters” given him. Once more his own words :—e

“In the morning, very early, they mounted me as before, and on
Saturday night they brought me where were two or three houses, in one of
which I lay all night by their bedside. On Sunday morning they carried me
from thence, and about 3 or 4 o'clock they brought me to a place by the sea side
called Deal, where they laid me down on the ground; one of them stayed by me
the other two walked a little off, to meet a man with whom they talked and in
the discourse I heard them mention £7 after which they went away together,
and about 4 hr after returned. The man whose name as I afterwards heard was

_ Wrenshaw said he feared I would die before he could get me on board; then
presently they put me into a boat and carried me on ship board, where my wounds
were dressed. I remained in the ship as near as I could reckon 6 weeks.”

1 This is contained in a letter written by Mr. Harrison to Sir Thomas Overbury.

60 Murder in the Seventeenth Century.

Then he goes on to state that he was transferred to a Turkish ship,
and having been in her for some time—he did not know for how
long—he reached Smyrna. There he and those with him, also kid-
napped (he does not say how many) were taken to a slave repository,
and afterwards sold a third time: he, as a surgeon (having said he
understood a little of medicine) to a physician who lived near that
town and cultivated cotton plants. This man was eighty-seven
years old, and said he knew Crowland, in Lincolnshire, and, with one
exception, treated him well, and gave him a silver bowl. He died,
however, after a year and three-quarters, and then Mr. Harrison
escaped to Smyrna. He managed, through the sale of his bowl, to
bribe a sailor to conceal him in the hold of a ship bound to Lisbon.
There he was put ashore penniless. He concludes as follows :—

“T knew not what course to take, but as Providence led me I went up into the
city, and came into a fair street; and being weary I turned my back to a wall
and leaned up on my staff, over against me were 4 gentlemen discoursing together:
after a while one of them came to me and discoursed in a language I knew not,
answering in English, he said he was an Englishman, and that he understood me.
He was born near Wisbeach in Lincolnshire. Then I related to him my sad
condition and he taking compassion on me took me and provided me lodging and
diet and procured me a passage for England and bringing me on ship board he
bestowed wine and strong waters on me and at his return gave me 8 stivers and
commended me to the care of the master of the ship, who landed me safe at Dover
from whence I made shift to get to London, whence being furnished with
necessaries I came into the country. Thus Honored Sir I have given you a true
acct of my great sufferings and happy deliverance by the mercy and goodness of
God, my most gracious Father in Jesus Christ my Saviour and Redeemer to
whose name be ascribed all honour, praise and glory. I conclude and rest your
Worship’s in all dutiful respect

“ WittiamM Harrison.”

The “ Honored Sir” mentioned in the above statement was Sir
Thomas Overbury, of Bourton, a Gloucestershire magistrate, who
afterwards sent it with a letter to his kinsman, Dr. Shirley :—

“T have herewith sent you, a short narrative of that no less strange than
unhappy business, w" some years since happened in my neighbourhood the truth
of every particular whereof I am able to attest and I think it may well be

reckoned amongst the most remarkable occurrences of this age.
“ Bourton August 23rd 1676.”

The account was published, and a century later was quoted by
Eugene Aram, at his trial,

By W. W. Ravenhill, Esq. 61

But nothing could bring back the precious lives that had been
sacrificed by this judicial murder, and it stands out as a melancholy
beacon in the history of our law.!

“We should not
Hurry to realize a bloody sentence.
A word may be recall’d, a life can never be.”

Schiller’s “ Death of Wallenstein,’ Act 3, Sc. 6, Coleridge's trans.

Baron Turner declined to try the prisoners, as the body of Mr.
Harrison had not been found ; and it is deeply to be regretted that
this course was not adhered to.

A proper cross examination of the witnesses by the Judge might
have postponed the proceedings till the truth came out, and counsel
should have been employed by him to suggest any points of law
arising at the trial.

That there should be caution must have been well known, for Lord
_ Coke (who lived some years before, but whose famous book was
re-published in 1660) mentions a case of judicial murder, which
occurred in the eighth year of King James I. in the neighbouring
county of Warwick.?

After Mr. Harrison’s return, Chief Justice Sir Matthew Hale wrote’
-“T would never convict any person of murder or manslaughter,
unless the fact were proved to be done, or at least the body be found
dead.” Accordingly it was supposed that in all cases of murder

1Tn addition to the Warwick case (see the next note), Chief Justice Hale cites
a second judicial murder of one who had caused another to be transported, and on
_ the latter’s non-appearance was executed. There is also the case (4th Anne) of
Captain Green and his comrades. But there is no story so hideous as the Perrys’,
_ See Coke’s “Institutes,” Ed. 1660, vol. 2, Cap. 104, p. 232. An uncle was
charged with the murder of his niece, to whom he was both guardian and heir,
She was heard by a witness to cry out ‘‘ Good uncle, do not kill me.” Soon after
e disappeared. At the trial the uncle was admonished by the judge of assize
to find the child by the next assizes. Not being able to find his niece he brought
a child exactly like her in face, figure, age, and dress. The fraud, i
was discovered, and the uncle was convicted and executed. Afterwards the niece,
when she reached 16 years, and thus became of age, returned and successfully
claimed her property. She had been beaten by her uncle, and had run away to
the next county, and there harboured by a stranger.
3 2 Hale, 290,

62 Murder in the Seventeenth Century.

it was necessary to prove the finding of the body,' but if this ever
were so it would not appear to be the law now, and this crime may
be shewn legally, and yet the body disposed of (¢.g., thrown into
the sea) in such a way that it cannot be recovered.

How Chief Justice Hyde treated the facts and law on the trial
we have no means of knowing. He was a Royalist with a vengeance,
and could say to one praying for merey when convicted of writing a
book which incited resistance to the King’s government, ‘‘ That he
would not intercede for his own father in such a case if he were
alive.” But there was no rebellion here. His violent language, as
reported in Twyne’s case and Keach’s case, must be remembered
with shame and regret, and we have little confidence that the rules
of evidence, even such as they were then, were observed.

He was, through the influence of Lord Clarendon, made Chief
Justice of the King’s Bench 19th October, 1663,? and, having held
that office little more than a year and a half, died May, 1665.

It is stated by Mr. Foss, “ Lives of the Judges,” that “ the judge
was dead before the discovery of the innocence of the Perrys was
made”; but this could not be the case if Mr. Harrison returned
in two years. Neither of the authorities quoted “1 Siderfin,” 2,
and “State Trials,’ V., 1030, and XIV., 1812—24, prove it.
Whether it would have prevented promotion, even if it had been
generally known, may be doubted. The matter must remain open
for the present.

In the last judgment, a striking group will be formed by Joan
and Richard Perry and their crazy murderer.

It is strange to find, in connection with the scene of the above
events, the curious monument which Juliana, Lady Campden, erected
in Campden Church, about this period, to the memory of her hus-
band, and which in due time bore her own epitaph. The lady, erect

and dressed in her shroud, is represented as leading her husband, ~

similarly attired, from an imaginary vault, the doors of which are
thrown open on either side, and have on them the inscriptions to

1 Russell’s ‘‘ Crimes and Misdemeanours.”
2 Lord Clarendon attended and made a neat little speech. See Campbell’s “ Lives
of the Lord Chief Justices of England.”

+ _ Ah hee aA OS, Ss eS

By W. W. Ravenhill, Esq. 63

the dead. The figures, rather larger than life, are of white marble
with black marble surroundings, and are fixed in the transept wall,
immediately opposite and close to the tomb of the first Lord and Lady
Campden. The sculptor’s name, “ Joshua Marshall, London, Fecit,”
is on the former. In Bigland’s “History of Gloucestershire,” p.
283, we read :—“ Mr. Walpole has not recorded this artist, and it
appears improbable that he who could give such a specimen of
art as this monument exhibits, should have been so obscure as to
escape his notice. This is a highly-finished performance, though
to the design many objections may be offered. The attitudes are
lively and expressive, but the drapery peculiar to the grave much
too unnatural and improbable to produce the intended effect. Lady
Juliana survived the erection of this monument sixteen years, and
died at Exten, County of Rutland, 1680, aged ninety-five, as is
remarked by Mr. Hicks in the sermon preached at her funeral.!””

The inscriptions on the monument are as follows :—

“This monument is erected to preserve the memory and portrait of the Right
honourable Sir Edward Noel, Viscount Campden, Baron Noel of Ridlington, and
Hicks of Ilmington, A Lord of Heroick parts and presence; He was Knight
Banneret in the Wars of Ireland being young; And then created Baronet Anno
Dom. 1611. He was afterwards made Baron of Ridlington. The other titles came
unto him by Right of Dame Juliana his wife, who stands collaterall to him in
this monument: A Lady of extraordinary great endowments, both of Virtue and
Fortune. This Goodly Lord died at Oxford at the beginning of the late Fatal

Civil Wars, whither he went to serve and assist his Soveraine Prince Charles 1st ;
And so was exalted to the Kingdom of glory 8 Martii 1642’ [modern style, 1643.]

“The Lady Juliana eldest daughter and Coheire (of that Mirror of his time)
S' Baptist Hicks, Viscount Campden. She was married to that Noble Lord, who
is here engraven by her, By whom she had Baptist Lord Viscount Campden now
living, (who is blessed with a numerous and gallant issue). Henry her second son
died a prisoner for his loyalty to his Prince. Her eldest Daughter Elizabeth was
married to John Viscount Chaworth. Mary her second daughter To the very
noble Knight St Erasmus de la Fontaine. Penelope her youngest Daughter

1 Henry Hicks, Incumbent of Campden, 1660. - Born at Shipston, 1632, said to
_ have been one of the most florid preachers of his time. He published his sermon

on the death of Juliana, Lady Campden, in 1681, at Oxford. Thirty copies only
printed. Here is a specimen :—“ That her doors were without any tall porters,
her tables spread twice day, so furnished that they were to others what her con-
science was to herself a continual feast. God that provided her plenty provided
her guests; and what she gave to hunger she gave to heaven.” Sermon, p. 19,
as quoted in Bigland’s “ History of Gloucestershire,” p. 280,

64 Murder in the Seventeenth Century.

Died amaid. This excellent Lady for the Pious and unparalelled affections she
retained to the memory of her deceased Lord caused this stately monument to be
erecied in her life time in September Anno Dom 1664.” *

Whether Mr. Harrison’s return suggested this design to Lady
Juliana or the sculptor I know not, but the association is remarkable.

We would linger at the quiet town of Campden, desiring the
return of some Jason like William Granville or Sir Baptist Hickes,
with a golden fleece, to rebuild the hospitable mansion ; but rejoicing
to see the Church under careful restoration, the occupants of the
almshouses half dreaming at their doors in. aged composure, and
the spirit of Dover still about, for the foxhound plays on the green
with her puppies.

Note.—Nicholas Albeniaco, mentioned at page 41 as one of the
owners of Campden, was probably Nicholas Brakespeare, who was
born near St. Albans, and afterwards became Bishop of Alba, and
finally Pope Adrian IV., 1154. If so, it is more likely the estate
came by grant rather than by descent to this famous man.

APPENDIX.
THE Farrrorp Frogs.

’Twas an age of fatalism and of wonders from highest to lowest !
We remember the Lord Protector’s day, September 3rd, on which
he won the Battle of Worcester, called his first Parliament, and died.
Here is a story! from Fairford illustrating human credulity, which,
with two other stories, was published in London soon after, and forms
a tract in furtherance of the particular power of the flock of Christian
zealots (Anabaptists) from whom it emanates. It tells seriously “how

* There is also close by a sculptured marble bust of the Lady Penelope Noel, the drapery of which
is beautifully finished.

1 King’s Pamphlets, Sm. Qto. 849. Aug. 2nd 1660, London. “Strange newes
from Gloucester, a perfect relation of the wonderful and miraculous power of God
shewed for injustice, at Fairford, betwixt Farrington and Scicister, where an in-
numerable company of froggs and toads (ona sudden) overspread the Ground,
orchards, and Houses, of the Lord of the town, and a justice near adjacent, and
how they divided themselves into distinct bodies, and orderly, made up to the
house of the s* Justice some climing up the walls, and into the windows and
chambers ; and afterwards how strangely and unexpectedly they vanished away.

“2nd Raining fire in France.

“3rd Death of a clerk’s daughter at a meeting of Zealots.”

By W. W. Ravenhill, Esq. 65

a company of Christians were lately met together to worship the Lord
according to their present apprehensions. That a rude mob set
upon them, plucked the Minister out of the pulpit, and broke up the
congregation. A Justice of the Peace at the instance of the Lord
of the Towne declined to interfere ‘ he perceiving their judgments
to differ from his own.’ The next day the sufferers again besought
his assistance, but in vain. They then warned the inflexible magis-
trate that God would surely visit him and his because he refused
justice.”

“And so,” (the pamphlet proceeds) “it fell out through the
mighty power of God. On the following day, one walking a little
way out of the town met a multitude of frogs and toads in such
manner and wise inexpressible. ‘ Yet’ saith the true informer ‘ They
march in two companies, even as soldiers march in field, and come
fast on towards the town.’ The faithful reporter retreated to a place
of safety and vision. He saw ‘the Frogs and toads in battel array”
enter the town and there for certain one party went to the Justice’s
House, and the other to that of the Lord of the Towne. Thus they
violently marched, till they had encompassed both the said Houses,

filling the orchards, gardens, and low rooms of the Houses, and
some of them attempting to go up stairs into the Chambers.”

The justice’s maid servant, who chanced to have been present

when her master repulsed the innocent Christians, cried aloud to.

_ him “ that this was the judgment of God upon them for refusing to

help them.”
Which he hearing, determined to go for them, and do justice,

frogs and toads permitting.”

On his rising to carry out his purpose the said frogs and toads

did perfectly separate themselves into two several bodies, and made

a perfect lane for the passage of the magistrate.

Justice was done to the zealots, and the mob discouraged and

punished in the presence of the frogs and toads.

% And then on a sudden they vanished, no one knew whither,

hi ving done no harm to place, thing or person.

- Oh! most tender, justice-loving, abstemious set of reptiles !

_ The pamphleteer gravely tells us that no such visitation of frogs

VOL, XXII.—NO, LXIV. F

66 Murder in the Seventeenth Century.

had been seen within the memory of man—their orderly character,
dividing into two armies specially admirable, placed in two battle
lines, which indeed could be done by none but the Almighty. Here
we heartily agree; but disagree in the following conclusion, ‘“‘ Thus
may we see God’s justice in opposition to man’s justice; the
substance whereof should teach all men to live righteously, soberly,
and justly.

We have no account of the lord of the town’s reception. Is the
silence due to his having eaten them? ,

. This is the first wonder recounted in the pamphlet, The second
is June ]1th. Earthquake in France and Forest of Bleau (Fontain-
bleau) fired, and some places had their 14]b. store of frogs 1ft. deep
in file and strange vermine that eat up the corn.

Then follows a third narrative. The dreadful death of the clerk’s
daughter at Brockington, in Gloucestershire, on June 38rd, just a
week before Whitsunday, 1660.

. At a meeting where many met, B. Collet and B. Collins, gifted
brethren from Bourton-on-the-Water, and others and from other
places, Stow, &e. It was said the county troop would come and
seize and imprison some, and rout all.

Whilst B. Collet was preaching on the text from Jude (Ep.) 14
and 15, on God’s executing judgment, the clerk’s daughter, who
was there with her mother, both revilers, gave a shriek and fell dead. -

As some were carrying her corpse out, the county troop, with
Mr. Helde, met them, and would have made them prisoners and
charged them with her death.

The B. Collins told him it was not they but the Lord who had
killed her—in whose hand was both his breath and their own. Since
then the clerk said “ these are the people of the Lord.” Also since
this remarkable hand of the Lord there hath been much peace and
freedom from molestation in their meetings, to hear John Belcher
in Stow, in the market place, and other places.

Much more was expressed, both in the letter and by sundry
personal evidences, concerning the cruelties and indignities of many
such spirits as is hereby specified, but at this time both author and
printer delivers only the truth in general, desiring a kind acceptance

By W. W. Ravenhill, Esq. 67

of the reader withall to amend in himself whatsoever he finds amiss
either herein or in himself and so Farewell.

This pamphlet was thought worthy of a categorical answer by the
Rev. Robert Clark, minister of God’s word at Norleach, about six
weeks afterwards. He says men believe the wonders, therefore he
writes. It’s as true as the story that thirty dogs died the day
of the King’s proclamation at Gravesend; as true as the stories
of the Cavalier pillage, whereas their carriage was a just reproof to
the villainy of those not long before in office, whose rudeness to
two famous Gloucestershire families was well remembered (first), to
Sir Henry Frederick Thynne and his lady, who were plundered not
only in their grounds and stables, of horses, but in their closets of
_ their sweetmeats—no wonder these prophets have such sweet tongues;
(second) to Mr. How and his lady, robbing them and imprisoning
them. He then strikes away mightily at the story, expurgating
the lord and justice; but when he gets to the frogs he says he is
bound to admit they are prolific and abound in that neighbourhood
at that time of year. Still they were not such well drilled frogs.
Ah Mr. Clark understands, the pamphleteer must mean the filthy
spirits about, in wickedness, they are, frog-like, living in pools of
mire, hopping, croaking, amphibious, enemies to bees (God’s minis-
ters), and can’t be stung as they are thick-skinned, witches like the
‘Egyptian frogs they followed the bloody waters of affliction. This
plague he hopes not eternal. He then denies everything. Perhaps
we may think Mr, Clark had better have left the matter alone.

Whether or not Mr. Clark showed his letter to Mr. Shipman, the
_ Vicar of Fairford, before publication, we cannot tell. Perhaps he did,
or the latter saw it and did not care for such a champion, so a further
pamphlet appears the same day, written by a Mr. Brown, countersigned
by Mr. Shipman, the churchwarden and constable of Fairford, saying
‘on the 16th of June from Squire Barker’s old fish ponds there did
appear great store of young frogs, silly poor varmints, lin, or so
long, who did no harm to anyone. It was a mere natural event.
No wonder the law ought to be set against these lying zealots, but
there was no way to do it.” We breathe again, for the frogs,
according to these redoubtable witnesses, did “ nothing injurious.”
K2

68 Murder in the Seventeenth Century,

“ Frogs and toads enough,” the letter goes on to say, “‘ by reason
of so many ponds, ditches, and ‘ moorish’ places as be about Fairford,
and need to stand in a by place to behold them; but not such well
disciplined frogs and toads as can march in rank and file, turn to
the right or left hand, keep court of guard (as the informer tells us
they did) about the house of the said justice, and make at last such
a sudden retreat, ¢.g., from the house of the said justice, though they
may be still about the lord’s house for any satisfaction the informer
gives us.”

“The pamphlet in detail,” he says “as to the maid and the
marching, shews the author’s invention and need not the hue and
ery of general contradiction.

* Though the relator fancieth an army of frogs at Fairford having
a commission frou the Almighty, yet I will without hypocrisy assert
that the town of Fairford, though free from any Egyptian-like
plague, hath spirits there in the likeness of frogs. See Rev., xvi., 13.

“These unclean spirits like to frogs are visible at Fairford and else-
where.

“They resemble frogs :—

* 1st Coming from and living in the filthy ponds and pools of error,

“2nd Croak importunately their errors and heresies haunting
poor people.

3rd Hop, skip, and jump about the country.

“4th Croak and live on land and water. So do these, washing,
or eating their broken bread.

“5th Enemies to the labouring bees that gather the honey.

“6th Thick skinned the labouring bees (God’s ministers) can’t
sting.

“ 7th Inchanters and witches, make great use of the tongue of
the frog, so these impure spirits, who are belched out,
enchant the simple. Jer., 28 and 24, and Foolish
Galatians,

“ 8th The use of frogs, instruments of punishment, so these.

“9th These, like the Egyptian frogs, followed the bloody waters
of affliction.

“This sort of frog often seen at Fairford.

By W. W. Ravenhill, Esq. 69

“Hope this frog plague not eternal. Voice of the gospel the
law of the land. Magistrates do your duty. iat Justitia.

‘‘ The clerk’s daughter’s sudden death had nothing to do with the
meeting, she merely went to fetch some children, Ifa judgment
at all, it was for attending these meetings. He prays their con-
version, The news strange but not true, God Save the King.”
The above appears to need no commentary, but croaks its own tale.

1K. P., Sm. Qto, 849 :—

“A Perfect Narrative of the phanatic wonder in the West of Eng* with a true
Telation thof Sent in a Letter to an Alderman of London.

“ London printed for Charles Gustavus 1660 Sep 20

“ Loving Cosen &c

“Cone*rning the paper book sent. In answer.

“June the 16" last past it pleased God to send us plenty of rain and thunder
showers, w" was very welcome, God send us thankful hearts and free us fr° lying
tongues—After w> my landlord Esquire Barker having some old fish ponds in
his orchard and outltets—Three ponds being filled afresh with the rain and other
supplies, there did, w® will appear by perfect Evidence an annual customary thing
not only in that place but in all other about our neighbouring Parishes, issue
forth of these ponds and Ditches great store of young frogs and water toads, w®
- in length were an inch or hardly so long shifting and hopping to and fro, being
out of their watery element. Insomuch that if any would have taken pains to
have viewed them, shifting some one way and some another they might have
seen thousands of these silly poor varmints, w» was as usuall as the year did
proceed; w" silly creatures witht any measure of prejudice unto man woman or
child that evening and night were cleared. Wherefore in answer to the verity
of y" book and these Zealots that were the founders, for the odiousness thereof I
shall leave that to the judgement of you and y* friends had the prayers of these
Zealots prevalendie. But God will not hearken to prayers where malice is
the foundation. Some, They w* be Egyptian Magi were not God’s mercy
superabundant. The law ought to be turned upon them, but this cannot be done
for want of a foundation to do it.

“Verity of my account attested by undersigned.

“ Let a book be printed to the contrary.

a, “ Yr loving uncle

“ Fairforde the 15 Septem 1660 “G. Brown.
“The truth of above narrative attested by

“ JoHn Suipman Minister.
“THOoMas Watkins Churchwarden.
* JoHnN BarrertTon, Constable.
“ FRANCIS CRIPPS.

ik “Wintr1am CHANDLER.”

In the K. P., Folio Sheets, vol: 18, isa “ Faire song” :—

** The Phanatics plot discovered in Gloucestershire,
Frogs and toads called Anabaptists and Brownists.’?

70

“A Dismal Depression in 1622,”

By the Rev. R. H. Crurrersuck.

(Read before the Society at Andover, August, 1883.]

CAN believe it quite possible that the title I have chosen

for this paper may be supposed to have some reference to

that unfortunate result of unfavourable weather which we all un-

feignedly lament as a misfortune, not only to the agricultural interest,

but—since agriculture is as the heart of the country—through that
to every rank and every interest in the land.

Or, perhaps, it may be taken as a desire to indicate that for more
than the usual “few days only,” “alarming sacrifices,” and “ tre-
mendous reductions,” and “awful losses” have been attractive
advertisements in a certain line of business.

But it is not my object to touch on either of these subjects,
although what I have to say is entirely about drapery, and the
depression I have to speak of as real, and even perhaps as severe, as
that which has been the unhappy experience of the last few years.

What I have set before myself is, to endeavour to give you an
illustration, in the lightest way I can, of some of the facts mentioned
in a paper in the ninth volume of your transactions, on the Merchants
of the Staple, by the Rev. Canon Jones; a paper of transcendent
excellence, of which your society, famed as you are for more than
usually good papers, cannot fail to be proud.

In that most admirable paper Canon Jones does in fact give as
exhaustive a history of the wool and clothing trades as can be
possible in the space assigned to him. I can only venture to
slightly illustrate just one point he mentions. It is this.

To quote the Canon’s words, “ The loss of Calais in 1558 deprived
England of her foreign staple. None was afterwards established.
Indeed, by the middle of the sixteenth century the home manu-
factures had so increased that a proportionate diminution took plave
in the quantity of wool carried out of the kingdom.”

1
ee Pe ee ee a ee ee ee eT

oe

Spe: +

=

A Dismal Depression in 1622.” 71

The influence of those who were specially interested in the home
manufactures, after leading in 1552 to the dissolution of the Easter-
lings of the Steel-yard, produced afterwards a series of enactments
in their own favour to the detriment of those who were exporters
of the raw material. In 1660 an act was passed by which the
exportation of English wool was strictly forbidden, and this Acti
retained its place in the statute book for no less than one hundred
and sixty-five years. So great an accumulation of wool was the
unavoidable consequence of this statute that within thirty years of
its coming into operation another act was passed with a view of
forcing a consumption of it, by which it was ordained that all person's
should be buried in woollen shrouds. !

I have selected the year 1622 because I think, from some events
in that year, I can show, in a strain more in harmony with the
lighter entertainments of a conversazione, how causes were working
up to the dead lock which produced that forced legislation.

[shall confine myself exclusively to gleanings from that wonderful
mine of historical information, the Domestic series of State Papers.
Canon Jones has given the information derivable from the statute
book. I shall try and supplement him from the writings of those
who made the statutes ; and, as those familiar with the State Papers
will know, a large proportion are private letters—private letters,
which, in their day, had their zest in the scraps of information

intended for the recipient alone, but which were written so long
ago that their confidences have survived the writers, and their
revelations lie open to the world of enquirers, while the correspon-
dents rest unknown and almost, if not quite, forgotten.

I must, however, have a hero for my “ tale,” and yet, before I -
introduce him, I ask you to believe that I feel, as deeply as any
can, for his real sorrows, though—as with most—I do not find my
_ sympathy able to obliterate the sense of absurdity which will ever
cling to his memory.

Times were bad in 1622. Things could hardly be worse than
they were. They had been getting very bad for three or four years
past, and perhaps this was a sort of a climax. I think I shall best
shew you how bad they were, and how deep the depression I am to

72 “A Dismal Depression in 1622.”

speak of, by pointing out a way in which the highest in the land
were affected, and the troubles ran through all society.

“A dress of green velvet, quilted, so as to be dagger-proof—
buttoned awry. Over his green doublet he wore a sad-coloured
night-gown, out of the pocket of which peeped his hunting horn.
His high-crowned gray hat lay on the floor covered with dust, but
encircled with a carcanet of large rubies, and he wore a blue velvet
night cap, in the front of which was placed the plume of a heron.”

You have no difficulty in recognising James I. of England and
VI. of Scotland as he is described by Sir Walter Scott in the
“ Fortunes of Nigel.” It is his mis-fortunes that will give the
illustration I require.

On the 2nd of March, 1618, his Queen, Ann, second daughter of
Frederick II., King of Denmark, died at Hampton Court. There
is an amount of pathos in the graphic description in one of those
old letters I have alluded to, that we shall find in tune with our
subject. It is from John Chamberlain to Sir Dudley Carleton,
ambassador at The Hague :—

“My very good Lord. We have no good newes to send this week, nor in a
manner any atall. Saving that this night sevennight we heard of the Queen’s
dangerous sickness and the Tuesday following of her decease. Which was about
4 oclk that morning being the second of this month. The reports ran at first
that she had made a will (according to the privilege of our queens, who, as lawyers
say, have potestatem testandi, and may dispose of all they have saving lands
and jewels belonging to the crown), that she had written a letter, and set apart
a casket of jewels for the lady Elizabeth. That she made a very Christian
confession and excellent end. But, for ought I can learn yet, she made none
other than a nuncupative will or by word of mouth, giving all she had to the
Prince with charge to pay her debts, and reward her servants. And, having a
grant upon cloth, lately given her to pay her debts to the value of £800 a year,
she was fain to have her hand led to the passing it over to the prince, being
otherwise of no validity, as likewise, the manner of her will was rather, in
answering questions and saying ‘yea’ to anything that was demanded of her,
than in disposing ought of herself, so that, it is doubted by some already how
far it will stand good and firm, especially if it fall out that her moveables
amount to better than £4,000,000, and her debts not £40,000. On Monday, all
the Lords and Ladies almost, about this town went to Hampton court, but
very few were admitted. She was earnestly moved by the Archbishop of
Canterbury, the Lord Privy Seal, and the Bishop of London to prepare herself
and set all things in order—but she could not be persuaded that her end was so
near, and so would needs defer it till the next day, out of a superstition (as some

By the Rev. R. H. Clutterbuck. 78

think) because it was childermas, or, as they call it, dismal day. About
two o'clock the next morning, having nobody about her but her Danish Anna,
who, by her commandment had locked them all out—her sight failed her,
whereupon the Prince and the rest were called up to be present at her departing
and she had her speech to the last gasp.

“Her corps is to be brought this day to Beomiack house by water and so to
be buried at Westminster aftot Easter, the week before the term with the same
solemnity, and as much pompe, if it may be, as Queen Elizabeth. The King
continues still at Newmarket, and so is said, will do, till the funeral is past.” *

It seems sad to have that group thus brought together. Charles,
the future martyr king. Elizabeth cut off almost without notice,
as if the spleen that called her “ Guody Palswife ” when she was
the bride of Frederic the Elector, had not been put aside now she
was Queen of Bohemia, nor even given way to better thoughts on
her mother’s dying bed.

I believe 1 shall be meeting your views if 1 give you the in-
formation I want to convey as much as I can from these old letters,
so I quote next one dated 16th April, 1619, from Sir Edward
Harwood to the same Sir Dudley Carleton :—

“Right honourable

“Though I doubt not, but you know from those that can better tell
than I, how his majesty doth, yet, I think it my part to write these. He is now,
very well, in comparison of what he was, yet is still very weak, and not able to stir
but as he is helped sometime, and but for a rest, he sitts by in a chaire in the with-
drawing chamber. Some small relapses or rather some such fits as did give them
some fear of relapse he hath had of vomiting, and the melancholys yet remain
though not so strong. But, having taking physic twice or thrice he is better
after it, and hath a reasonable good appetite and sleeps well, for the most. The
physicians hope to remove him next week, but I believe not so soon. He doth
very little business, many packets of a month old being unopened. Her Majestys
funeral will be deferred, but the day is not yet appointed. The reason is there
are to be a greater number of mourners than were at first resolved upon. Not
only her own servants, but the Kings and princes servants in ordinary are to
mourne, and blacks for so many are not easily to be had on credit.”

Possibly the hint here thrown out will give you some clue to the
King’s “ melancholys”: but we have some earlier information
which tends to make these “ melancholys” less a matter of wonder.

One letter informs us, “ The Queen has left no will but verbally

* State Papers, Domestic Series, James I., voi. 107—6, dated 6th of March, 1618,
+ State Papers, Domestic Series, James I., vol. 108—50,

74 © A Dismal Depression in 1622.”

bequeathed all to the Prince, and the King thinks he himself ought
to be heir as nearest to her.” By that time, however, the estimate
of the Queen’s property had cooled down to £200,000,

Sir Edward Harwood mentions in another letter that the King
took matters pretty calmly. The exact sentence runs like this :—
“The King took her death seamly we shall have no tilting this
year, her body comes this week to Denmark house.” !

There are some “ stanzas” the King wrote on the occasion, but
they could not be found when I searched for them.

But he had more than poetry to think of, for some months after,
in January of the next year, there is a schedule of the state of
some of his pressing debts, in which one item is playfully put down
as “ Anticipations on several titles of his Majesty’s ordinary
revenue £69,535.” ?

Well, the poor Queen’s body was brought to Denmark House on
the 6th March, and the chief topic of conversation seems still to
have been her will, and what she had to leave, So, on the 27th of
March we have these little bits of intelligence from John Chamber-

laine :—

“The Queen’s funeral is put off till the 29th of April and perhaps longer
unless they can find out money faster. For the master of the wardobe is loath to
wear his own credit threadbare, or to be so ill an husband as to use the Kings
credit, and so pay double the price, which is now become ordinary because they

1 Letter from Sir Edward Harwood to Sir Dudley Carleton, dated 6th March,
1618. State Papers, Domestic Series, James I., vol. 107—7.
218° Jan 1619
“The state of some of his Ma" pressing debts viz
Anticipacons vppon seuerall titles of his Mats

Ordinarie: REVENUE. ...c0.c.ccsescscecceeesscatooses 69535
Loane by the Merchant Strangers ...........6608 2000
Interest for one yeare } due 12° die instantis

SET INLET h oe cepastine neo coca dasericadec Coc uaanner Ooch 3500
Loane by the Cittie of London .........esceeeee 96466

_ Interest thereof already due......ssscceeseererees 14460
203061 ”

Endorsed :—
18° Januarii 1619
Pressing Debtes.”
State Papers, Domestic Series, James I., vol. 112—24.

By the Rev. R. H, Clutterbuck. 75

stay so long for tbeir money, In the meantime the ladies grow weary of watching
at Denmark house. Though all day long there is more concourse there, than
when she was living. Her obsequies they say shall be very solemn and well they
may be if she has left such an estate behind her as is reputed, some particulars
wherof I will relate unto you, as I have heard them more than once and of more
than one. a

“For mine own part I am not so fully satisfied as to think that her jewels are
valuably rated at £40,000 sterling, her plate at £90,000, her ready coine 80,000
Jacobus pieces 12 whole pieces of cloth of gold and silver, besides other silkes.
Linen for quantity and quality beyond any Prince in Europe, and so for all other
kinds of hangings. Bedding and furniture answerable. Now for yearly incomes
the King shall have £600,000, that her household her servants and stable stood him
in, besides £24,000 that was her ‘joynter’ and allowed for her own person and
£1300, she had for certain years out of the sugars and a late grant of cloth,
which they say the King hath bestowed on the Prince for as the speech of a will
it is like to proove nothing, and perhaps it fell out for the best, for it is verely
thought she meant to have made the King of Denmark her executor if she had
had time and leasure, for he had greatly insinuated himself, and it is thought, if
she had lived but three months longer, we should have seen him here once
more. aia!
“The prince was sent for on Monday and met the King twixt Newmarket
and Royston. The King keeps his Easter at Royston, and thither the Bishop
of Winchester was sent for and went yesterday to preach to-morrow.

“With the remembrance of my best service to my good lady, I commend you
to the protection of the Almighty. From London this 27 March 1619.” *

The funeral did not really take place until the 22nd of May (two
months and twenty days after her death), and as in Chamberlain’s
account of it there is a good deal which falls in with the subject
I want to mention presently, I shall venture, if you are not too
much depressed already, to introduce his letter nearly entire :—

“My very good Lord. Coming yesterday late, from the queens funeral, I
understood of Mr. Barnards arrival. It were to no purpose to make any long
description of the funeral, which was but a drawling tedious sight, more remark
able for number than for any other singularity, there being 280 poor women
besides an army of mean fellows that were servants to the Lords and others of
the train, and though the number of Lords and Ladies were very great, yet me-
thought altogether they made but a poor shew, which perhaps was, because they
were apparelled all alike, or that they came lagging all along, even tired with the
length of the way and the weight of their clothes. Every lady having 12 yards
of broad cloth about her, and the countesses 16. The Countess of Arundel was
chief mourner (but whether in her own right, or as supplying the place of the
Lady Elizabeth, I know not) being supported by the Duke of Lenox and the
Marquis Hamilton. As likewise the rest had some to lean on, or else I see not

* State Papers, Domestic Series, James I,, vol. 107—54,

76 “A Dismal Depression in 1622.”

how they had been able to hold out. The prince came after the Archbishop of
‘Canterbury (who was to make the sermon), and next before the corps that was
drawn by six horses. It was full six o’clock at night before all the solemnity
was done at church, where the hearse is to continue to the next term, the fairest
and stateliest that I think was ever seen. This business passed not without
some disaster. (As is commonly seen in such assemblies.) A young man being
killed outright by the falling of a stone from Northampton House (which was
one of the letters S. that serve for battlements) and thrust out by mischance or
carelessness of those above. Some say he was a proper young scholar of Oxford,
others give out he was a gentleman of very good meanes. The King came to
Greenwich on Tuesday, and the next morning the Queens trunks and cabinets
with jewells were brought thither from Denmark house in four carts, and de-
livered by inventory by Sir Edward Cooke and auditor Grofton. The King
perused them all, and bestowed some reasonable portion on the Lord of Bucking-
ham, besides he hath the keeping of Denmark house and another gift beyond all
this of £1200 worth of land of the Kings for his good service and tender care
of the King in his last sickness, and, it is said, (excepting castles and honours)
he may make his choice of this sum where he thinks best.” *

There is one other extract I want to inflict on you before I close
this portion of my depressing paper.

It is towards the end of the same year, on the 26th January,
1619 :—

“The King this next week makes a petty progress to Otelands Oking and
Windsor, and so means to pass over the time here about till the 19th of next
month. That he removes from Theobalds to Roiston, on his journey northward.
His leggs and feet are come prettelie well to him, having found out a very good
expedient of late, to bath them in every bucks and stags belly, in the place where
he kills them, which is counted an excellent remedy to strengthen and restore the
sinews, al vesto. He is fallen into his old diet, and will not be persuaded to forbear
fruit, nor sweet wines. In the mean time we are driven to hard shifts for money
and all too little, so that we are fain to make sale of jewels for £20,000, to
furnish out this progress. The Lord Digby prepares for Spain, and lays about
him, all manner of ways how he may compass money for the journey, which is
become an ordinary course for those that have debts, or are to be employed, how
to project means for maintenance, which sets the mint of projecting so on work,
that we hear of little or nothing else.” +

And now I have, you will be thankful to hear, got through two
heads of my discourse. JI have done the dismal, and I think con-
vineed you of the depression. Now I have to address myself to the
practical application—to the special subject of the clothing trade.

* Letter from Chamberlaine to Sir Dudley Carleton, dated 24th May, 1619. State Papers, Domestic
Series, James I., vol, 109—32.

+ Letter from Chamberlaine to Sir Dudley Carleton. State Papers, Domestic Series, James Is
vol, 109—113,

By the Rev. R. H. Clutterbuck. 77

But, perhaps, I may just gather up a thread or two, and ask your
attention :—Ist, to the depression in trade; 2nd, the shortness of
money; 8rd, the “licence,” “ grant,” “suit,” or “custom,” on
cloth, that the Queen had possessed; and last, though certainly
not least, to the importance of “ blacks” at a funeral.

We have heard a good many letters witten to Sir Dudley Carleton,
and once I quoted as a specimen the salutations sent to his vivacious
lady by her husband’s correspondent. Sir Dudley, like a loyal
ambassador, went of course duly into “ blacks,” and he sent the bill
for them to the Privy Council. They were very pleased to receive
it, but—they had no money to pay it. They had not met for some
time, because they had no funds to go on with; but a certain Sir
Thomas Lake having been fined a large sum, had, by the 9th of
June, paid off £5000 of it, and so the council had a meeting, though
they were not a little vexed at finding that the King had appro-
priated £1000 to the re-building of the Banquetting House at
Whitehall, lately destroyed by fire. Lady Carleton, also, was
displeased that the “ blacks” were not paid for.

Now Canon Jones’ paper shews you so admirably that at this
time, and indeed from very early date, certainly before Edward III.,
the cloth trade had been the staple trade of England. When
things, therefore, were as bad as I have shewn, it was more felt in
the cloth trade than in any other.

The Privy Council began to find themselves inundated with
complaints and memorials, and the cloth trade, perhaps, gave them
more trouble than all the rest. So that on the 9th February, 1621,
they issued a circular letter to the justices of the peace in the
clothing counties—that is, the counties in which the manufacture
of cloth was carried on. These were Wiltshire, Gloucestershire,
Somersetshire, Worcestershire, Norfolk, Dorsetshire, Oxfordshire,
Kent, Suffolk, Berkshire, and Yorkshire. The justices were in-
structed to call the clothiers—that is, the master cloth makers,
before them, and require them to keep their work people in employ-
ment, and promising to make a “‘ vent” for the cloth they had then
on their hands unsold, by purchasing it from them.

This order in council was almost coincident with an order

78 “ A Dismal Depression in 1622.”

requiring contributions from various towns for the suppression of
pirates, so that the two matters get a good deal mixed up in the
replies sent to this circular.

I think the answer the council got from Bath is curious enough

to read to you :—

“May it please your Lordships. According to your Commandment we have
done our best endeavours to further the service of the contribution now required-
And we have sent your honours herein a schedule of what we have done, signi-
fying hereby that we are a very little poor city, our clothmen much decayed, and
many of their workmen amongst us relieved by the city. And indeed that many
are unable to give anything, and many that do contribute, unwilling to contribute
inthiskind. As for strangers and sojourners among us we have no other but the
Lady Boothe, who very willingly doth contribute as in the schedule is expressed.
So do humbly take our leaves and ever remain

“ At your lordships service
“THomas MoorpenD, Mayor.
“ WaLTER CHAPMAN.
“Rico Gaye.” *

The council were not idle while these replies were in preparation.
There were two steps especially they took which require our at-
tention :—Ist, they appointed a committee to examine and report
on the great decay of merchandize within the kingdom and the
‘many insufferable inconveniences arising from the inequality of
trade”’; 2nd, they caused a return to be made of the cloth on hand
in the cloth halls—that is, of the stock which the drapers could not
sell.

I am not without a hope that a little consideration of this rather
unpromising return, will, as I said at the beginning, help to form a
useful illustration.

Here is good Master Cooling’s report, made the first of any.

Kindly allow Master Cooling to tell his own story :—

“A particular note of the number of the pieces of ffriezes, Cottons and Bayes
now remaining unsold in the Manchester Hall, in the hands of these several men
after named. Taken the 26th March 1622, by Mr. William Cooling clerk of that

Hall.

* Dated 12th May, 1622, State Papers, Domestic Series, James I., vol. 136—61.

By the Rev. R. A. Clutterbuck. 79

“Ralph Hugh hath pieces 108

- Robert Leaver 125
Adam Lancashire 170
George Valentine 70
Robert Lumas 100
James Methon 130
Roger Lighe 28
Thomas Prestwidge 92
Samuel Massey 30
853 pieces

‘This number is far greater than hath usually been left unsold in that hall.
Besides, these men named affirm that there is far greater quantity of cloth of
these sorts lying in the country ready to be sent up, if the market were not so
bad.

“There is also remaining in that hall, of Hampshire Kersies of divers mens,
that I cannot name particularly for they are left in packs divers mens cloths in
one pack, whieh hath not formerly been above the number of 100.

“There is also in the same hall and warehouses near thereabout, of fustian,
Lynen cloth, Sackcloth, Taffles and such like things belonging to hall greater
quantities unsold than formerly hath been.” *

You will notice Master Cooling has in his charge packs of divers
men’s cloths, and he says there are quantities of cloths lying in the
country ready to be sent up. They are with the clothiers at their
houses, not yet consigned to the factor for purchase by the draper,
for the draper, until the council had helped him, cannot “ find vent,”
and he would be only too happy to sell them to the merchant tailor,
or perhaps some to the haberdasher, as he had fair market.

Now by this time you may reasonably expect to hear about how
things were reported to the council as to the state of the trade. I
think these papers, which came up from Gloucestershire, will tell
you :—

“A letter from the Justices of Gloucester to the Council.

“ Right honourable
“Our humble duties remembered. Pleaseth your honours to be ad-

_ vertized that the complaints of the weavers, and other poor folks depending on
_ the trade of clothing (in this dead time thereof) do daily encrease, in that their

_ work and means of relief do more and more decay. And in that their masters

for the most part do still allege that their trade grows worse and worse, our
- country is thereby, and through want of money and means, in these late times

* State Papers, Domestic Series, James I., vol, 128—74,

80 “A Dismal Depression in 1622.”

grown poor, and unable to relieve the infinite number of poor people residing
within the same (drawn hither by means of clothing) but, by that trade,
wherein they have been brought up and exercised, and thereby many of
them do wander beg and steal and are in case to starve as their faces (to our
great griefs) do manifest, and they do so far oppress these parts, wherein
they live that our abler sort of people there are not able much longer to conteyne
the same. Letting your honours further to understand that we much fear that
the peace hereof will be very shortly endangered, notwithstanding all the vigilance
we use or can use, to the contrary, and for the manifestation thereof we in dis-
charge of our duties and by reason of our near dwelling among those poor people
do embolden ourselves to acquaint your honours with examination taken by us of
one Richard Webb weaver committed to our jail to receive order in justice
according to his offence, a true copy wherof is herein enclosed intending to
discover any further matter as we shall be able, and thus humbly praying your
honours to take these things into your consideration, and that some present
remedye (out of our powers to yield them) may be provided otherwise the fate
of our eountry (in our opinion) will be most miserable do very humbly take our
leaves, always resting
* At your Lordships Commandment
“Gzo. HUNTLEY
“ Minchinhampton Gloucestershire “W. GUYSE
1 June 1622.” “THo EstcouRTE
“GroRGE HUNTLIE
* This encloses the following ;

* Richard Webb of King Stanley weaver, came lately unto me, and desired to
speak with me in private, whereupon going aside he told me he was come to me
to inform me that there were at least 500 persons that were coming unto me such
as were in want, with their staves ready at their doors, which he came privately

to give me notice of
“T asked him what they intended. He answered to do me no harm but to

make their wants known. And further he told me there was an intention that
the last spring tide, which was about a fortnight past, that some should have
come to the water side of Severn to make stay of the troughs that were going
down the river of Severn with malt from the city of Gloster, which had been
done, if some had not stayed it meaning some of hiscompany. And being asked
by me who they were by name that intended so to come he answered they were

many poor men, but refused to mention their names.
“W. Guysz.” *

This I think has made good my title and proved that there was

a dismal depression in drapery in 1622.
It has, however, introduced to us many other unfortunates, who

suffered along with the drapers of London.
There are the weavers and the spinners, the fullers and the dyers.

* Dated Ist June, 1622. State Papers, Domestic Series, James I., vol, 131—4,

By the Rev. R. H. Clutterbuck. 81

If I am to attempt to describe who all these were I should weary
you even more, and leave myself nothing to say another time. So
I give you, as almost my last instalment, the remedies the committee
I mentioned recommended. They said they conceived these would
be found to meet the evil :—

“To help the expense of cloth within our Kingdom that there may be less left
to vent abroad and less vainted in the expense of Silk and foreign Stuff. That
the nobility and gentry of this Kingdom might be persuaded to the wearing of
cloth in the winter season by example rather than commandment.

“That the meaner sort of people as Apprentices Servants and Mechanics be
enjoined by proclamation to the wear of cloth and stuff of wool made in this
Kingdom which would be more durable and less chargeable.

“That when blacks are given at funerals they be of cloth or woolen stuff made
in this Kingdom.

“And yet that housewives may not make cloth to sell again but for the pros
vision of themselves and their families, that the clothiers and drapers be not
discouraged.

* And lastly because many questions arise from time to time between the
woolgrower, clothier and merchant we humbly propound to your Lordships

“That a Commission be granted by his majesty to some selected persons who
may thereby have authority

“To hear and determine all such difference

“To look into the Statutes of imployments by Strangers and denizens

“The licences and privileges for wool and dying wool

** And generally for all other things which may conduce to those ends
before propounded whereby trade may be orderly governed and
duly balanced.” *

4

See here the detection (not for the first time) of the mischief of
licences such as the Queen held.

Thus, then, I have shewn that there was this depression in drapery
in 1622. Iam most ready to admit that, in itself, the fact is one of
those the importance of which does not live with time, and—except
that it led to some legislation which affected the cloth trade—the cir-
cumstance is not very well worth the mentioning. But the delightful
science to which we are addicted has this endless charm, that it
collects around almost every incident of the past a rich growth of
interest from its connection with times and men and places, just as
a stray shell will come up from the ocean-bottom, battered, and not

* State Papers, Domestic Series, James I,, vol 131—53. Dated 22nd June, 1622.
VOL. XXII.—NO. LXIV. f G

AZ) “A Dismal Depression in 1622.”

in itself worth notice, but rendered beautiful by the garden of sea
growth which has covered it. So, I hope, here; though my subject
has been but a temporary depression in one trade, I may have
suggested to you a few matters that will repay further thought.

And I will trespass on your indulgence but one moment longer,
and that to take to myself the comfort that is to be derived from
finding that all this dismal depression did not utterly overwhelm
those whom by their letters we have been making friends with to-
night.

Light hearted sprightly Lady Carleton, albeit she had, you will
allow, the additional trial that the “ blacks ” were not paid for, had
by the next year so far recovered as to write this letter to her
husband :—

* DEaR SWEETHEART

“T have received your letters by Deston, and my lord of Bohun, and
yestermorning yours by the blind post. Those that came by my Lord I delivered
to Sir Edward Harwood, as soon as I received them, which was after those which
Deston brought me a good while. I met his Lordship yesterday at court, where
I was to as little purpose as ever I was anywhere in my life. But the Duchess
sent for me with this word. that the King had appointed that day to see me, and
so he did, aud that was all he did, for he was so afraid that I would speak to him
of the two thousand pounds, and of his daughter, that he only kissed me to stop
my mouth I think, for he spoke not a word to me, nor gave me opportunity to
speak to him. But after this my Lord Hambleton fetched in Bruce and her
sister, and what favour they had my ‘nevie’ shall tell you, whom I repent I
promised to send to you for I shall have great miss of him. I shall not need to
write much to you for he can tell you all I know. I am resolved to make all the
haste to thee that is possible, for when June and July is over you know what
follows, at the beginning of which month I hope to be with thee. I have lost
nothing by my being here, but gained many friends, and my sister Williams,
and my sister Alice Carleton, and that family begin to think they have not
done well. They now come very often to me. And I pray thank Mr.
Chamberlaine for his exceeding great kindness to me, for in truth he is very fond
of me as my nevie will tell you, and of many other things which I have been loth
to write of, fearing their event. There is many about Imworth. But it must be
a great deal of money must tempte me now I know your mind. If it be a thing
that can be done in regards it lies so near Hampton Court, my Lord Treasurer has
given me hope we shall buy it for very little in fee farm, which will make both of
us like it better. I dined to-day with my Lord Chichester who is your exceeding
good friend you are like to see him very shortly. All must be referred to my
nevie who I must entréat you will send back to fetch me, or else I will not come to
you, though, I confess there is nothing I more desire than that we were well to-
gether again, Though in truth I am nothing so kindly used there as here, as I

On the Occurrence of some of the Rarer Species of. Birds. 88

am sure my nevie will tell you. For, it is impossible for anybodys company to
be more desired than mine. Wheresoever I come I am thought pretty good
company, sure my wits serve me not so well in that muddie air as they do here,
but howsoever, since you cannot be here I will use them as well as I can both for
your contentment and my own, Iam glad the things I sent you fit you so well,
but if I should not know your measure I know not who should. . . . .
that I have to say more is, that I am sorry you omitted to let me know in
what state of health you were when you writ last to me, but I will hope it is well,
winch I more desire than my own and will heartily pray for as one who is
“Thy faithful true loving wife
* AnnA CARLTON.

© “You think I have no servants but I send you here a letter by which you may
judge.

_ “from London the 31 June.” *

And now with a fluttering hope that you, too, may recover this
depression, I humbly take my leave.

ON THE

3 Occurtenc of some of the Barer Species of
: _™ in the Aeighbourhood of Salisbury, .

By the Rev. Arraur P. Morrzs, Vicar of Britford.
a, (Continued from. Vol. xxi., p. 255.)

PART VI.—NATATORES.

me \)\5
ID)

4 naturally boast a far larger number of both residents and visitors

of the Order than an inland county can hope to, yet Wilts is not so

far removed from the great waters but that it can speak of a very

: fair proportion of wanderers from the sea side; and many a straggler

4 . ‘
—-*-*> * Dated 3ist June (1623), State ais Domestic Series, James I., yol, 147-90, - -
G 2

84 On the Occurrence of some of the Rarer Species of Birds

is often blown by some adverse wind, against its will, into our
territory, and finds itself as much “ at sea” on terra firma as our
native inhabitants would be on the water. In exemplification of
this I may mention that in my own small collection I have specimens
of the Cormorant, Brent Goose, Puffin, Sclavonian Grebe, and
Red-legged Gull, all killed of late years within the boundaries of
the parish; while close at hand have been secured the Razor Bill,
Richardson’s Skua, Black Tern, Gannet, Black and Red-throated
Divers, and the Fork-tailed Petrel; and, in addition, the greater
number of the Anatide have also been procured within a few miles
of us. This can be accounted for when we remember that our fair
city of Salisbury is not much more than half-an-hour’s flight from
the mouth of the river Avon, from whence, doubtless, many of our
visitors hail; and from whence more specimens of the Order are
procurable than perhaps from any other spot on our south coast ;
besides which it is no long flight, either, to the Bristol Channel,
from and to which many of our birds may be sometimes tempted,
or perchance forced, to make a short cut across our county.

The whole Order is a very interesting one, speaking to us of that
life on the ocean wave which they are so admirably adapted to lead,
with their thick coats of down, and buoyant pinions, suggestive of
that free and wandering existence, which the very look of the
*‘ many twinkling ocean” suggests.

The various species belonging to the Order are numerous, in-
cluding, as it does, the Geese, Swans, Ducks, Grebes, Divers, Gulls,
Terns, Petrels, and many others; birds not often met with, except
in their own special haunts, requiring to be sought for if they would
be found, and opening out to us mid-landers a perfectly new field
for interest and research: for many a man who is quite familiar
with all the common wild birds in-shore, would find himself nowhere
when called upon to discriminate between the various species of the
Gulls and Terns, in their differing states of plumage, which vary
according to age so entirely, and in such minute yet reliable par-
ticulars from each other, that a novice in maritime ornithology
would quickly have to allow himself to be fairly puzzled.

I must in this paper, as in my others, draw largely for my list of

In the Neighbourhood of Salisbury: 85

occurrences from the carefully-kept notes of Mr. E. Hart, the well-
known naturalist, of Christchurch, who is an ardent ornithologist
himself, and who also has inherited much knowledge of ornithology
from his father, and who is as good an authority on our south coast
birds as we could find. I would say that he himself hopes to publish
ere long a complete list of recorded occurrences in his own more
immediate neighbourhood, which wil! be a very valuable addition to
our bird-lore, more especially as to the last two Orders, z.¢., the
Grallatores and Natatores, which so often find a temporary home in
the harbours of Poole and Christchurch, and concerning which some
new thing is constantly cropping up.

_ I would premise that, in the nomenclature of the Order, I have
followed that lately published in the “ Ibis,” which, I suppose,
would be considered the latest and best version extant.

ANATIDE.

Anser Cinereus, ‘The Grey-lag Goose.” This is the first bird
of its species that calls for our attention. It is generally allowed
to be the parent of our domesticated bird, but it is not as frequent
as some of the other kinds of Geese, nor would it seem to occur as
frequently as it once did. It may sometimes be observed flying at
a great height over our water-meadows; and the Rev. A. C. Smith
‘mentions various instances of its occurrence within the boundaries
of our county; but I have not met with it of late years in our
parish. It occurs occasionally at Christchurch, and Mr. Hart told
-me of an extraordinarily long shot he once made at one of these birds
on December 24th, 1879; knocking it over, as he did, at a distance
of an hundred and nine yards with an 8-bore choke. This bird
may be at once distinguished from the following species by the beak,
which is pink with the nail white.

Anser Brachyrhynchus, “ Pink-footed Goose”; and Anser Segetum,
“The Orange-legged Bean Goose.” Concerning these two birds I
cannot discover much information in the Christchurch district. Of

the first species Hart remarks that it occurs now and then, while he

_ gives me a note of one specimen of the orange-legged bird, which
was killed on February 20th, 1880, about which date there were a

86 On the Occurrence of some of the Rarer Species of Birds

good many to be seen about the meadows. These birds can at once
be distinguished from the Grey-lag by the beak, which (as Mr,
Cecil Smith points out in his paper on bird distinctions, read before
the Society at Taunton in 1883) in the one is pink and the other
orange, with the edges and base black, the nail also being black.
They were for some time thought to be but varieties of the same
species, but it seems to be decided that they are quite distinct from
each other. My friend, Mr. Cecil Smith, who has kept some of
the pink-footed species for some years on his pond, writes thus:
‘The colour, however (of the leg), does not appear to me to be
constant, as some I have kept in a state of semi-domestication, and
bred from for some years, have, in some instances, had the light part
of the bill and the legs and feet orange; as bright and decided an
orange as the orange-legged species; in this state they are very
like, and if shot would no doubt be recorded for, Orange-legged
Bean Geese.” He also writes that ‘‘ where one of them has once
assumed either the orange or pink beak and legs it does not change ;
the colour then appears to remain constant. You cannot, however,
tell from the young in the down whether those parts will be pink
or orange; as the legs and bills of the young ones are all a sort of
dark oil-green.” ‘There is no difference,” he adds, “that I can see
between male and female.” But Meyer mentions many points of
decided difference which cannot be overlooked. The pink bird, he
says, is known to breed in great numbers in the western islands of
Scotland, while the orange-legged bird breeds farther north; while
the eggs of the two species differ materially, the eggs of the pink.
legged bird being considerably less in bulk than those of the orange,
especially in their transverse measurement. They differ, also, con-
siderably in colour, being white without any tinge of yellow. The
measurements of the birds themselves, he also gives as differing
considerably. The adult male of the pink bird being only 28in. in
length, while the orange is 86in. There is a difference, also, in the
time of their arrival and departure. The arrival of the orange-leg
being by far later, and its departure in the spring earlier, than that
of its pink-footed relative. In one statement, however, he is cer-
tainly wrong, for he adds that “ the feet and legs differ so materially

In the Neighbourhood of Salisbury. 1 EGY

that they cannot be mistaken,” which the observations of Mr.
“Cecil Smith would seem entirely to upset. Perhaps further research
will help us on this point.

Anser Albifrons. ‘The White-fronted Goose.’ A very pretty

bird, with its white forehead, black markings on the breast, and
pink-coloured bill. It is fairly numerous on our southern coast, and ,
was very plentiful at Christchurch during the winter of 1880-81,
some specimens being procurable there most years. A good bird
was killed near Burnham a little time ago, by a friend of mine, off
the mud flats of Sturt Island. I have never seen them in a wild
state in the parish, but had plenty of opportunity of watching their
habits, and procuring their eggs, from some which were kept on the
ornamental water of the Moat, close to the vicarage. They are
“scarcely so large as the Grey-lag, but are a heavier and stouter
built bird, and are capital eating.

Bernicla Levcopsis. “The Barnacle Goose.” One of the hand-
‘somest of our wild Geese, and occurring in large flocks on our
north-western shores, but not common southwards. It is rare at
~Poole and Christchurch. Hart has one specimen, procured off
-Hengistbury Head. He remarks they have a habit of skirting
corners on the coast, which sometimes enables you to get a shot,
‘which otherwise would not fall to your share. There is a most
“amusing account in Waterton’s essays of a match that was made
- between a Barnacle Gander and a Canadian Goose, which, on the

_ third sitting, proved fertile, two little Goslings being hatched out,

which grew to maturity, and displayed a curious intermixture of
the plumage of both the parents.
Bernicla Brenta. ‘The Brent Goose.” Unlike the former

species this bird occurs very frequently in our southern estuaries

and at times in any numbers. In 1880-81 they were numerous,

-and in February, 1879, a flock of some three hundred visited Poole
- Harbour, and could have been seen on the mud flats at low tide for

q some period. Of all our wild Geese, indeed, this species may be

said to be the most common; as Meyer remarks “ incredibly large

- flocks cover the ground at times, so as to forma perfectly black
_* field.” It is one of our smaller geese, and clad in a pretty modest

88 On the Occurrence of some of the Rarer Species of Birds

garb of black and grey, its white feathering under the tail forming a
pleasing contrast to the rest of the plumage. They are not generally
met with inland; but last April, as I was walking through one of
our farmyards in the parish, the farmer accosted me, knowing that
I was a lover of birds, and said that his cousin had just gone on a
wild-goose chase after some strange bird he had seen feeding on his
wheat, and naively remarked that I had better join him, as he’d
dare say it would not be the first that I had indulged in. Muchas
I desired to follow his advice, however, I was unable to do so, and
feeling sure that I should hear more of the bird if it were procured
I went my way; and in the evening my friend appeared with a nice
Brent Goose he had shot, and which is now in my collection. It is
the first bird of the species I have heard of as occurring in our more
immediate neighbourhood; but being just during the migratory
season it was doubtless passing over in company with some others,
and had already been somewhat crippled on its way.

Bernicla Canadensis. ‘The Canadian or Cravat Goose.” So
many of these birds are kept in a state of semi-domestication that
it becomes almost an impossibility to tell whether the specimens
that are now and then procured in the neighbourhood are really
wild birds or not. Some few years ago there were three killed out
of a flock of seven at Coombe Bissett, which had hung about the
water-meadows for some time. Since that they have been constantly
seen amongst us, as some semi-domesticated birds, belonging to the
Earl of Pembroke, breed in some of the rush-beds near Bemerton,
just above Salisbury, and continually pay us a passing visit, though
they would seem generally wide-awake enough to keep out of harm’s
way. On the Easter morning of this year I was suddenly woke up |
in the early morning by the trumpet-call of these birds ; and starting
up I saw four of them flying close by our bedroom window, within
easy shot. JI remember seeing a large flock of some seventy or
eighty of these birds feeding in the water-meadows near Theale, as
I was passing in the train, which had evidently taken French leave
from some of their usual haunts; very likely from the ornamental

water in Dogmersfield Park, where there used to be a good many
kept. Hart gets occasional specimens at Christchurch, one, for

In the Neighbourhood of Salisbury. 89

instance, on April 27th, 1868; another on May 14th, 1880; and
three more in November of the same year.

Bernicla Ruficollis. ‘The Red-breasted Goose.” I can hear of
no occurrence of this rare species in our own district; but just
mention it as having seen a very fine specimen of it in the collection
of Mr. J. Marshall, of Belmont, near Taunton. I believe I am
right in saying that this is the only specimen he has in his museum
which is of the normal colouring; his whole collection being com-
posed of albinos and pied varieties. This Goose was shot at Malden,
Essex, on January 6th, 1871. It was purchased by Mr. Harting a
few days after it was shot, and is mentioned in his “ Handbook of
British Birds”; it was also mentioned in the “ Field ” on January
21st, 1871, and in the “ Zoologist” for 1871. Amongst other
specimens in Mr. Marshall’s collection there is a Sea Eagle, Sparrow
Hawk, three Ravens, two Magpies, Woodcock, Nightjar, Curlew,
Heron, Puffin, and many others all perfectly white ; but these albinos
are really but weak and imperfect specimens which lack the proper
amount of pigment in their feathering, and are met with oc-
casionally in almost all species.

Chenalopex Aigyptiacus. ‘The Egyptian Goose.” This pecu-
liarly plumaged bird is also occasionally met with in our district,
and though some may possibly be escaped birds, a sufficient number
of undoubtedly wild specimens have been procured to authorise its
admission into our list. Meyer mentions a flock of eighty, which
visited Hampshire, and out of which several specimens were obtained.
Some years ago I remember a great commotion being caused at the
vicarage here from the announcement that a strange wild bird had
been seen feeding with the ducks near the river, and sure enough,
on cautiously approaching, there was a fine Egyptian Goose in the
middle of them. This bird was seen about for two or three days,
when it disappeared as suddenly as it came, and nothing more was
heard about it. There are several specimens recorded in Hart’s list
at Christchurch :—one on November 25th, 1878; two in Redcliffe
Meadow, close to the town, on February 10th, 1879 ; one on August
2nd, 1881, in the harbour; another on April 27th, also in the
harbour. They would seem to be found more inland than the other

90 On the Occurrence of some of the Rarer Species of Birds

species of our wild Geese, preferring the vicinity of inland rivers
and lakes. This bird closes the list of Geese that I can hear anything
of in our district; and though some of the occurrences may be open
to question, as to whether they can be considered lawfully to be
those of genuine wild birds, yet it is well to mention them, lest we
thin our ranks more than there is any real occasion to do.

Cygnus Olor. “ Mute Swan.” We come now to a bird which is
indisputably the finest of all our water birds. Of all the Anatide,
even of those of his own genus, the Mute Swan is “‘ facile princeps,”
both in pureness of colouring and in gracefulness and power of form.
Even the most uninterested cannot but recognise it as being the
monarch of the waters; while the most unobservant cannot but
have stopped to note the power of its stroke, as it breasts the
water with arched wings and lowered neck, its head being nearly
buried amid the ruffling of its snow-white plumage, as if in
readiness to spring on and avenge any intruder on its chosen
domain. They are very heavy birds, weighing as much as thirty
pounds or so, and as cygnets are supposed to be good for the table,
though from my own experience I cannot verify the fact, as in the
only opportnnity I have had of trying one, I found the flesh both
tough and tasteless, though served up carefully from an Oxford
buttery. During the breeding season they will defend their nest
with great determination; and the force of their pinions in the
water is so great as to enable them to beat off, or even drown, the
dog or fox that may unwisely venture to assail them. At one time
there used to be a great many of these birds about our river, as
they were preserved by Lord Radnor, at Longford Castle, and their
nests were scattered over the meadows in various plaees. One was
built in the middle of the path at the side of our chief stream, which
they were not willing at all times to let you pass; but it is not on
the land but in the water that they are truly formidable, where
their great strength renders them by no means a despicable foe.
In flying you can hear the creak of their pinions at a great distance,
and, as often as not, I have first become aware of their presence by
hearing, not by sight. Some time ago I came across a very in-
teresting description of the Abbotsbury and Weymouth swanneries,

pe

4
In the Neighbourhood of Salisbury. 91

which are well within reach of our district, and which it would well
repay any ornithologist to go out of his way to see. The Abbots-
bury swannery is said to have -existed for many centuries, and is
situated on the Fleet, a long strip of sheltered water, lying behind
the far-famed Chesil Beach, in Dorsetshire. The Standard of Dec,
24th, 1879, gave the following account :—“ Mr, Mark Hopson,
steward to the Earl of Ilchester, the owner of the Abbotsbury

_ swannery, comprising about sixteen hundred birds, has just supplied
some interesting facts. It is stated that fourteen hundred birds are

on the Fleet, and both the swanneries are steadily increasing in
numbers. The Weymouth swannery was started in 1873, when
Lord Ilchester presented to the town seventy-two, and it is now
kept up from the funds of the corporation. The Abbotsbury
swannery, which has been in existence hundreds of years, was
rapidly diminishing a few years ago, as in August, 1866, there
were only six hundred and forty-six birds, one hundred and fifty-
seven being missed. Since that time, with more careful looking out
on the Fleet waters, the numbers have progressed satisfactorily,

until the Abbotsbury swannery numbered fifteen hundred and eleven.
The Abbotsbury birds are counted twice a year, and at the last
_ counting the two swanneries numbered sixteen hundred and four,

The average number of missing birds from Abbotsbury during the

last fourteen years (not including the present) has been a little over

fifty. This year only twenty-one birds have been missed. The last

_ winter, though very severe, has had no ill effect on the Swans,” I

wish this last paragraph could be still counted on as correct; but
the two or three severe winters we had running about that period
had a most injurious effect upon them, and has once more reduced
their number to some seven hundred. Mr. W. Sparks, of Crewkerne,
obligingly wrote me the following solution of the reason of their
number so quickly diminishing, which I think a very probable one,
He writes :— The weed which grew in the Fleet was the principal
food of the Swans, and I used to see the Cygnets gobble it up

almost as fast as the Italian women eat maccaroni at Baiz for the
entertainment of travellers. Before the severe winter of 1880 and
1881 there was abundance of weed in the Fleet, a considerable

92 On the Occurrence of some of the Rarer Species of Birds

quantity of which was annually thrown up on my land, which ex-
tends nearly two miles along the margin of the Fleet; and I made
use of a good deal of it for covering the drainage pipes before the
soil was returned to the excavated drain. During the severe winter
the Fleet was frozen over many inches deep, so that you could walk
across to the Chesil Beach. According to my theory the weed
became attached to the under part of the ice, and as the tide rose
from day to day the weed was drawn up by its roots. Since then
there has been scarcely any weed; and the poor Swans, being
deprived of their favourite food, have many of them died, or left ;
the numbers being reduced from thirteen or fourteen hundred to
about seven hundred. I believe the weed is beginning to grow
again, especially towards the Abbotsbury end. Of course Lord
Ilchester has had to supply the Swans with corn.” It is to be
hoped, I am sure, that as the weed once more assumes its wonted
vigour the number of the birds will also rival the highest numbers
I have been able to quote.

Where the notion came from of the Swan singing before its
death it is very hard to say ; the origin of it seems to be lost in the
shades of antiquity. Waterton, the naturalist, gives a graphic
description of his attendance at the obsequies of a favourite swan,
at which he was actually present, hoping that some sound might
possibly emanate from it which might serve to corroborate the
asserted fact; but ‘“ there was not even a plaintive sound nor soft
inflection of the voice: the poor bird never even uttering his wonted
cry, nor so much as a sound to indicate what he felt within.”

Cygnus Musicus. “The Whooper, or Whistling Swan.” This
bird cannot be compared to the former species for beauty or elegance
of appearance. It can be at once distinguished from it by its
shorter and straighter neck, and its yellow bill. Itis not so heavy a
bird, either, weighing some five pounds less than the Mute Swan.
It is not nearly so grand a bird upon the water, though on the land
its movements are considerably quicker. It is occasionally seen at
Christchurch, appearing always in hard winters. In the winter of
1838, no less than thirty-one head were killed by Lord Malmesbury
and party, and three more on February 17th, 1879. I remember

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In the Neighbourhood of Salisbury. 93

well when I was a boy, hearing that a man out small bird shooting
close to the river Loddon, near Reading, crept up to a party of wild
Swans standing on the ice of the river, which was entirely frozen
over; and he got so close that with an ordinary charge of small
shot he bagged no less than three fine Whoopers, managing to get
their heads well in a row; and a bird collector happening to pass
by at the time gave him a guinea for a pair of them, with which
the man was well satisfied, and I afterwards saw them well set up
in the gentleman’s collection. In the winter of 1854-5, the weather
being very cold, Mr. William Attwater, a farmer in the parish, was
out shooting in our Britford meadows with James Butler, the keeper.
They had already made a good bag of Ducks, Teal, Snipe, and
Wigeon, when they paused awhile under a pollard willow to watch
the flight of Duck and Wigeon which were continually settling on
the Broad by Longford Castle. All of a sudden four Whoopers
came in sight, and after circling round for a while, pitched on the
river not far from them. They immediately took action; and
earefully deploying, the one got above and the other below the
Swans, the keeper killing one on the water and Mr. Attwater
knocking over another as it flew past him, the other two escaping
with a good peppering. I have not seen any since which could be
verified, though some of the birds that I have occasionally seen
passing over may in some cases have been the wild bird.

Cygnus Bewicki. “ Bewick’s Swan.” This bird is considerably
smaller in size than either the Mute or the Whooper, and can further
be at once distinguished by the markings on the beak, the yellow
on the beak of the present species falling short of the nostril al-
together, while in that of the Whooper it runs beneath and beyond
the nostril on the upper mandible. It does not occur so frequently
as the last-named species, but has doubtless often been taken for a
small specimen of its congener. I know of no instance of its
occurring nearer than Christchurch ; but one or two specimens have
been procured there, as Mr. Hart informs me; one, e.g., in 1845 ;
another in 1849; while.a third specimen was killed on January
13th, 1879, by Mr. J. Kemp Welch, at Sopley Park, on the Avon.

_ This bird is nearly a foot shorter than either of the two former species.

94 On the Occurrence of some of the Rarer Species of Birds

Cygnus Immutabilis. “The Polish Swan.” This fourth species
of Swan is a great rarity amongst us; though it also may possibly
have been now and again overlooked until of late years. It closely
resembles the Mute Swan in appearance, though it is not so heavy a
bird. The beak, again, is one of the best marks of distinction ; there
being a clear space of orange colour round the nostril in the Polish
Swan, whereas in the Mute the nostril is surrounded by a band of
black, which connects it with the protuberance at.the base of the bill.
But there is another reliable distinction between them, as its classical
name signifies, which is, that the Cygnets of the Polish Swan are
white from their birth, instead of their donning the dull grey colour
whieh is the well-known characteristic of the young of Cygnus Olor.
There is one undoubted occurrence of these birds on our south coast,
My. T. M. Pike having shot two of them at Poole on January 24th,
1883. These specimens I have examined in Hart’s Museum. There
is a nice bird, also, of this species in the collection of Mr. ENJacob,
in the Close, Salisbury, which he killed on Lock Stenness, in the
Orkneys, in 1881. He writes me:—“The Polish Swan I shot in
December, 1881, on Loch Stenness in the Orkney Islands. I have
also shot on this same loch both the Whooper and Bewick Swans.
The loch is menticned in Yarrell as being one of the few places in
Great Britain where in his time the wild Swans habitually bred.”

Tadorna Casarea. ‘The Ruddy Sheldrake.” We come now to -
the large family of the Duck tribe, at the head of which the’present
species may be mentioned; but it is a great rarity. It is a largish
bird, measuring as much as twenty-eight inches. I can only hear
of one specimen having been procured, which Mr. Hart informs
me was killed at Bryanston, Dorset, during the winter of 1776.
The long period occurring since, without any other mention of the
species being possible, sufficiently testifying to its rarity.

Tadorna Cornuta. ‘The Common Sheldrake.” In this bird we
find one of the very handsomest of all the Duck tribe; its bold
colouring of black, white, and orange, with its crimson bill, and
green reflections on the head, affording the most striking and
pleasing contrast. I remember one, a Duck, being shot on our
river here some years ago by the keeper, which came into my

In the Neighbourhood of Salisbury. 95

possession; but I was dissatisfied as to its origin, and not feeling
certain that it was a genuinely wild bird, I exchanged it away for
a little Badger cub that I wanted for my collection, They are
commonly called the Burrow Duck, from their habit of forming
their nest in the sand banks and old rabbit holes that abound on
some parts of the coast. They nest yearly in the vicinity of Poole
and Christchurch harbours, and they used to be very plentiful in
the Bristol Channel, in the neighbourhood of Burnham. I remember
in 1861 making an expedition to Brene Down, between Burnham
and Weston-super-Mare, in order to obtain some specimens of these
birds for stuffing; and having provided everything necessary for
the expedition, I started, with a friend, about 12.30, at midnight
intending to reach our destination, which was some miles off, some
half-hour before the tide turned in the early morning, when if we
had hidden ourselves carefully amid the sand banks we should have
stood a chance of obtaining a shot or two as the birds came to feed
on the margin of the ebbing tide. We arrived about 2.30, a.m.,
and found to our chagrin that we had somehow miscalculated the
tide, and were an hour or so too late. There were the birds, in
numbers, but they were already out of gun-shot from the only
available cover; and though I had two long shots from the rocks
above, I was not lucky enough to stop one. I should think there
must have been at least some twenty-five couple of old birds there,
it being then a very favourite locality for them; but I do not know
_ whether the alterations and fortifications that have now for some
_ years been erected there have caused them to migrate from their old
haunts.
Spatula Clypeata. “The Shoveller.” A nice pair of these birds
_ were killed in our water-meadows here some time ago by the keeper,
and are now in the possession of F. M. E. Jervoise, Esq., of Herriard
_ Park. I have not seen or heard anything of them, however, since
that date, about 1856. They occur yearly at the mouth of the
_ Avon, and were very plentiful at Christchurch during the winter of
i 1879-80. I saw seven or eight beautiful Drake birds in Hart’s
shop at that time, all recently set up, Hart tells me he has shot
. the young flappers at Christchurch in August, and this autumn I

96 On the Occurrence of some of the Rarer Species of Birds

heard from him, saying he had this year seen two young birds, which
must have been bred in the neighbourhood. They cannot well be
mistaken for any other Duck, on account of the peculiar breadth of
their bill, from whence their name. The male is a very handsomely-
marked bird, with the pale blue on its wing coverts, and the deep
reddish brown of the under parts, the colouring being just the
reverse of the Mallard, white on the breast and dark on the lower
portions of the body.

Chaulelasmus Streperus. ‘Gadwall.” This bird is by no means
of frequent occurrence amongst us. I know of no nearer local
specimens than those occurring at Christchurch, and there their
occurrence is sufficiently rare for Hart to note down any arrivals
that take place. He was out flight shooting on January 8th, 1875,
when three Ducks came over his head, out of which he bagged two,
and was not a little pleased to find that they were a pair of Gadwalls.
Another pair was also procured in the harbour on October 21st,
1879; and another male bird on October 28th of the same year;
and two others, females, from the same place, about the year 1880.
The last occurrence he noted down was a male killed at Ibsley
(Somerleigh House) on January 26th of the present year (1884).

Anas Boschas. “ Mallard or Wild Duck.” We come now to
one of the commonest and most familiar of our water birds. In
fact they are plentiful, I may say, in our meadows. They breed
freely amongst us; and, although many nests annually come to
grief through both biped and four-footed enemies, there are always
enough left to afford a plentiful supply. When walking in the
water-meadows in the early spring I have often put up between
fifteen and twenty pairs of Ducks, which evidently intended to
cling to our locality. They are fond of making their nests in the
crowns of the old pollard willows that abound in the meadows ; and
I have frequently discovered their whereabouts by their unexpectedly
flying off their nests as I walked underneath the tree, which, un-
known to me, contained their treasure. The old bird is very careful
in covering up her eggs if she leaves the nest for any length of
time, thus keeping them safe from the prying eyes of Crow
or Jackdaw, which are always on the watch for a chance of

ee

ES

ees See

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In the Neighbourhood of Salisbury. 97

an egg for dinner. These birds nest in very curious places. One
was cut out in the mowing grass in the centre of the field in front
of the vicarage, where you might have expected a Partridge’s nest,
but scarcely a Duck’s; while another was discovered on a high
bank nearly half-a-mile away from the river, so that it is a matter
of speculation how she conveyed her offspring to their natural
element. The wild Duck is one of those birds that will use all
kinds of artifices to draw your attention away from her newly-
hatched progeny: flapping helplessly along the water, and tumbling
about in the most grotesque fashion, to divert your eye. There is
no sport more exciting, to my mind, than the waiting for Ducks at
flight time, just in the gloaming of a winter’s evening. The sport
does not last for more than half-an-hour, but during that time, if
you are lucky, you may often bag two or three couple. This kind
of shooting requires you to be wide awake. They come and go like
shadows, while the creaking of their wings overhead, though they
are themselves indistinguishable, warns you to be on the alert, as .
one may swoop across you without a moment’s notice, and unless
you are quite ready for an emergency, you will surely be too late
for the fair! In the autumn you may sometimes have good sport
with them in the corn-fields; a piece of laid barley or other corn
having a great attraction forthem. A friend of mine (T. A. Powell,
Esq:), with his brother, once bagged seven couple in this way in a
few minutes. They had noticed a piece of barley much laid, and
evidently trodden down by birds, and divining it was caused by
wild Ducks they took their stand there one evening, in different
corners of the field, and without moving from their places they
knocked over in a few minutes fourteen birds, each of which was
safely brought to bag by their retrievers afterwards. The best
time, however, of making a bag in our meadows, is during a fall of
snow, after some hardish weather. While the snow is falling they
keep on dropping in in all directions, at all hours of the day; and

_ a true sportsman, who minds not wind or weather, may then make
a very fair and varied bag with us. My brother once killed a very

beautifully marked Mallard here, which I always regretted never fell
tomy share. He was out shooting with a brother-in-law, when, amid
VOL. XXII.—-NO. LXIV. H

98 On the Occurrence of some of the Rarer Species of Birds

a flight of Ducks passing over their heads at a great height, they saw
what looked to be a perfectly white Duck. | He cried out “ Let fly
at the white one,” and the four barrels were poured against its
devoted head; and, although it seemed altogether out of shot, it
began gradually to lower in the air, until it settled some half-mile
away in the meadows. The old retriever had marked the bird
lowering in the air, and starting off at once after it, after some time
she brought it safely back, when it proved to be a beautiful cream
coloured Mallard, having only the green head and the dark speculum
on the wing of the normal colour, all the rest being of a rich creamy
white. In hard weather I have often seen several hundreds of
Ducks on the Broad, by Longford Castle, the air being filled on
their rising with clutches of Duck moving in every direction.
Most people are aware of the extraordinary double moult which
takes place in the plumage of the Drake in the summer months.
From about the first week in July until the first week in August
the Drake assumes the exact plumage of the Duck, so that you
cannot tell it from the female, except that the feathering may be a
shade darker. It is just the same with the domestic Drake. I
watched the change that took place in a remarkably fine Rouen
Drake I had for some years ; and the transformation was so complete
that some lady visitors would not believe that it was the identical
bird that they had seen in the spring, with its gorgeous green head
and purple breast. But it was so; and how to account, or supply
a reason for, the change, seems impossible; but many a man would
be hable to lose a wager by being told that he could not produce a
Drake in its ordinary dress in the July month. He certainly would
look for it in vain.

Dafila Acuta, “ Pintail.” This is another occasional visitant in
hard winters. They may be met with yearly in small numbers at
the mouth of the Avon in the harbours, the last pair registered
by Hart being in November, 1883. There is a nice male bird in
the house at Clarendon Park, killed on the water there which they
occasionally visit. You cannot well mistake this Duck for any
other, on account of its peculiarly elegant and slender neck, and
sharp pointed tail—from whence it derives its name.

In the Neighbourhood of Salisbury. 99

Querquedula Crecca. “Teal.”? This is the smallest and neatest
of all the Duck tribe, and quite common amongst us, though I have
never heard of its breeding in our neighbourhood. At times they
will rise very sharply from the water high in the air, and, unless
the sportsman is careful, he will be likely to shoot under them.
Their whistle is very clear and tremulous. I have never seen them
in these meadows in very large flocks; but I remember in the
winter of 1861 a flock of nearly one hundred took up their quarters
on the lake at Cothelston House, on the Quantock Hills, and being
left unmolested, remained there nearly the whole of the winter. In
the winter of 1853 one hundred and sixty Teal and two Ducks were
shot by Lord Malmesbury and party in one day at Heron Court.
One day, as my brother was out shooting in our water-meadows, he
came across two Teal, nestled up against each other on the bank.
They did not rise, and on approaching them he found that they
were quite dead, apparently frozen. The weather was very hard at
the time, but not sufficiently so to account for their death in that
way : and the only supposition is that they must have been slightly
wounded the day before, and had crept together for warmth, though
they bore no “mark of any external injury at all upon them, and to
_ the eye they looked perfectly alive as they squatted side by side

_ upon the bank. It is astonishing how differently these birds look
at different times, when they rise into the air—sometimes appearing
_ searcely bigger than a large snipe, and at others so large that for
the moment you imagine they are Wigeon or some other of the
Duck tribe. They always form a pleasing addition to the bag, and
are equally so when they appear in a different shape upon the table.

Querquedula Circia, “ Garganey Teal.” I have met with the
species twice, and I think only twice in our meadows. On the first
occasion the keeper had marked down four of them in one of our
“carriages,” and after a most patient stalk he secured them all,
_ killing three of them on the water and the fourth as it rose. Hart
tells me that they are frequently met with at Christchurch. In
_ 1870 six or eight were killed there, while in 1877 he found them
_ there with young ones, as he did againin 1880. This year, also, he
writes, “There were several pairs of Garganey here, during the
. H 2

100 On the Occurrence of some of the Rarer Species of Birds

summer, evidently breeding.” The Drake bird is very prettily
marked, though not so brightly plumaged as the last-named species,
but the scapulars are very long and graceful; and the general
plumage pleasingly varied with brown and grey.

Querquedula Glocitans. “ Bimaculated Duck.” I mention this
bird, because Hart has one in his collection, which is worth noting,
as very little seems to be known about the bird at all. This specimen
was taken in Hornby decoy on January 4th, 1861, and was bought
by Hart out of the collection of the well-known Grantley Berkeley.
It is in good condition, and bears out very fairly in its plumage the
colouring and description given it by Meyer, in his “ British Birds.”

Mareca Penelope. ‘“ Wigeon.” In hard winters this bird ap-
pears in our meadows in flocks varying from ten to twenty; greatly
enlivening the scene, as they whirl round over your head, with their
white bellies standing out in striking contrast with the darker sky
overhead. Their flight is exceedingly rapid; and in their flight
they always keep very close together, so much so that they can
easily be distinguished by this custom from any other kind of water-
fowl. I remember one day in February marking down twenty-four
of these birds in a bend of our river, and wishing to note their
ways and doings accurately I set myself to stalk them. I managed
to get within a very few feet of them, and counted four or five
male birds whose heads were close together, and which, had I had
a gun with me, would have offered a most perfect shot—affording
a chance of bagging some three or four couple with a right and left.
This bird once afforded me an example of a fact that I had often
heard spoken of, though I had never verified it—that a wounded
Duck will invariably creep out on to the bank to die. A friend of
mine had winged a Duck on the previous evening, but had lost it ;
and on taking a turn round by the Broad on the next day, there
sure enough, I spied on the bank the bird that I presume he had
wounded the night before. It was a fine Drake Wigeon, lying
out perfectly exposed upon the bank, its head being stretched out to
its full length, and its wings slightly expanded, the bird evidently
having been dead but a few hours. The Wigeon appears also to
undergo the same curious double moult as the Mallard; only it

ne tt

In the Neighbourhood of Salisbury. 101

——

takes place about a month later than the other, apparently from its
breeding later ; as Waterton accurately remarks.

Hx Sponsa. “Summer Duck.” It is very doubtful whether
we can lawfully claim this species as occurring amongst us in a
truly wild state, but various specimens having been taken at
Christchurch it is worth while to mention the occurrence. Four
or five specimens have occurred there lately. A nice male bird
was killed in the harbour in 1880; and Hart has two other local
; specimens in his collection also, But it remains a query whether
these birds, thus procured, are not the offspring of pinioned birds
that have escaped after hatching out. The bird itself is really an
American species, and goes in that country under the name of the
Wood Duck. It is a very handsomely coloured bird; but scarcely
one that you could properly class amid our indigenous birds. Meyer
includes it in the British list from a specimen procured apparently
in a perfectly wild condition at Dorking, in Surrey.

Fuligula Ferina. “The Red-headed Pochard.” We come now
to a group of the diving Ducks; their squat round bodies marking
them out clearly from the other species. The Red-headed
Pochard we find occasionally in our water-meadows in hardish
winters, where I have both seen and shot them: but they do not

a

+
~

come frequently amongst us. Mr. Baker has a pair from the water
at Stourhead, and they visit annually the new lake at Stourton. One
hard winter’s day a bird fancier happening to call upon me, I asked
him if he would like to take a turn down the meadows to the Broad,
as there would be sure to be a good many birds on the water. We
accordingly sallied out with our walking-sticks, and were well re-
warded for our trouble. There was snow on the ground, and the
Broad water by the Castle was simply covered with Ducks. There
must have been quite five or six hundred water-fowl there of
different species. I counted roughly more than two hundred that
rose on our approach, and there were a far larger number that
remained on the water without rising. I detected six different
__ kinds of Anatide, and there were very likely one or two more species
that I did not discern. The first I noticed was a batch of Red-
headed Pochards, besides which were many pairs of the little Black

;
'
;

102 On the Occurrence of some of the Rarer Species of Birds

Pochard, or Tufted Duck. Flights of Wild Ducks wheeled round
in every direction, while flocks of Wigeon and Teal passed and
repassed over head, crossing and re-crossing each other in an endless
maze. Amongst them all I noticed one sharp-winged bird, of
very rapid flight, the species of which I could not detect. If we
had had guns we might have made a good bag in a short time, but
the sight quite repaid us for our walk.

Fuligula Rufina, “The Red-crested Pochard.” This bird is a
very rare visitant to our island. Hart has a very good bird, a male,
in his museum, obtained many years ago from the neighbourhood,
but he is not able to give me circumstances or date. It belonged
to his father’s collection, which was gathered from the locality.

Nyroca Ferruginea. “The Ferrugineous Duck,” or “ Nyroca
Pochard,” or “ White-eyed Duck.” This bird, again, is by no means
common in our islands, but it is occasionally obtained in the Poole
district. Hart has a good pair of these birds, the one shot in Poole
Harbour on January 6th, 1879, and the female procured in the
district in 1865. It is generally called the Ferrugineous Duck, or
—as more lately—the White-eyed Duck; and it is the same bird as
the Nyrocha Pochard. But there seems to have been some con-
fusion of late years between this species and a somewhat similar
plumaged bird that is now called, I believe, Paget’s Pochard, and
styled Fuligula Homeyeri v. Ferinoides. It resembles in a great
measure the Nyrocha Pochard, but is of a heavier and thicker build,
and would almost seem to be a cross between the Red-headed
Pochard and the Nyrocha. Hart has a fine specimen—a Drake—
also procured from the same district as the other ; and when with him
last year, we carefully compared the two together, and the difference
could be detected at once, though the general arrangement of the
plumage was somewhat similar. It occurs, I believe, very rarely ;
but frequently enough to cause a distinct appellation to be assigned
to it, and the real facts of the case must wait for further and fuller
investigation ere one can be certain of its origin.

Fuligula Emerita. ‘The Scaup Pochard.” This is the sea
Pochard of all its tribe; unlike the others never being found very
far away from the salt water. It is a more northern bird also in its

i
.

In the Neighbourhood of Satisbury. 103

habits, and is not found south so frequently as others of its class.
Hart tells me they occur occasionally in Christchurch Harbour, but
not so frequently as they once did. I detected their presence on
the mud flats of Sturt Island, off Burnham, but I was not able to
obtain any specimens of them. They seem very hardy birds, and
able to stand any amount of cold.

Fuligula Cristata. “The Tufted Duck.” “ Pie-currs,” as they
are locally called among us. These birds are to be seen in our
meadows every hard winter, and are very handsome lively little
fellows, with their bright yellow eye, and glossy head and neck.

They are shot frequently here. One winter morning my brother

and the keeper went down the river early, before breakfast, and
returned with a bag of nine Ducks in ashort time. They had come
on a flight of these little Ducks, and had secured six of them.
Another day I marked down four of them on the river immediately
behind the vicarage, and calling a brother of mine who was staying
with me he turned out with his gun, and while I directed him from
a coin of vantage, he successfully stalked them, and bagged the
four—killing two on the water, a third as it rose, while the fourth
we picked up dead unexpectedly a little way down the bank. The
last two or three winters have been so mild that I have not noticed
them on the river.

Harelda Glacialis. “The Long-tailed Duck.” Meyer mentions
this bird as being very seldom seen south of the coast of North-
umberland, but they are not infrequently to be met with in the
Christchurch district, and a few years ago I saw some very good
specimens in Hart’s museum that he had just set up. The male bird
is a very handsome fellow, with his plumage of rich brown and white,
while his long tail gives you an idea that he has borrowed it from
the Pheasant-cover; for it seems to be out of place altogether on
the water. Hart was able to give me the following list of occurences,
that shows that of late some specimens have reached his hands most
years. Thus he had four specimens in 1875; three in 1876; one
in 1878; one on November 4th, 1879; one on November 2nd,
1880; three in 1881; and several other specimens were procured
by Mr. T. M. Pyke in 1882 and 1883,

104 On the Occurrence of some of the Rarer Species of Birds

Clangula Glaucion. ‘The Golden Eye.”? This handsome Duck
has been obtained in our water-meadows, but rarely. A fine male
bird was shot by the keeper here some years ago, and is now pre-
served at the Moat in this parish. There are one or two other
occurrences that I can also mention from the district. A fine mature
male bird was killed at Silton in Dorset, on the mill-pond, in
January, 1875; and another the year previous, at Stourton. An
immature bird was also shot at Mere, by Mr. J. Coward, in the
winter of 1880. They occur occasionally also at Christchurch, but
chiefly as immature birds. Hart, however, has a nice adult pair in
his collection, killed in the harbour. The male bird cannot well be
mistaken for any other Duck ; although I have known the golden

_eye of the Tufted Duck cause it to be mistaken for the present
species: though, if seen together, there is no possibility of mistake.

Somateria Mollissima. “The Hider Duck.” Not generally found
south, and never inland; but it is occasionally to he seen at
Christchurch and Poole. Hart tells me there have been eight or
nine instances of their more recent oecurrence in that district, but
they are almost always immature specimens. Hart has, however,
one adult male in perfect plumage, that was killed in the Solent in
the winter of 1879-80. The Rev. A. C. Smith mentions that a
specimen of this bird was killed some time ago at Lyneham, the
property of Mr. Heneage, which was then in the hall of Compton
Basset House.

Somateria Spectabilis. ‘The King Eider.” A most striking
looking bird is this, and even handsomer than the last-named one,
but it is much rarer. It can be distinguished at once from the
other by the red colour of the beak and legs. The late Mr. Marsh
had one of these birds in his collection, reported to be killed in the
county. But you cannot expect to find it anywhere exeept in the
Orkneys. I mention it as having lately seen a fine pair of these
birds in Mr. E. Jacob’s collection in the Close, which he told me
had been brought to him when he was in those islands.

Oidemia Nigra. “The Common Scoter.”” We come now to the
Scoters ; veritable ocean birds, and not to be found elsewhere. This
bird may be found in the neighbourhood of Christchurch all the

In the Neighbourhood of Salisbury. 105

year round; and may frequently be seen by hundreds at a time.
Meyer says “The numbers that visit our European shores are so
great, particularly during a continuous north-west wind, that they
appear in clouds, and literally to a great extent cover the surface of
the water.” The jet black plumage of the male at once distin-
guishes him from all other Ducks. I have a good pair in my
collection killed at Teignmouth.

Oidemia Fusca. “The Velvet Scoter.” This species can be at
once distinguished from the last by the white band across the wing.
It is also a thicker set bird than the last-named. It is annually to
be met with in Christchurch and Poole Harbours. Hart has a nice
pair in his museum, killed there in 1880.

Oidemia Perspicillata. ‘Surf Scoter.” Extremely rare. In
fact only to be found amongst us in the Orkney and Shetland
Islands. It is at once to be distinguished from the two last species
by the white markings about the forehead, and back of head. I hear
of no local specimen at all. But Hart has a fine male bird, which
was killed by Mr. T. M., Pike, in the Orkneys, on February 7th, 1876.

Mergus Merganser, ‘The Goosander, and Dun Diver.” When
fresh killed this is one of the very handsomest of the Anatide; the
whole breast and under parts being of a peculiarly rich creamy
salmon colour; but this very soon fades into a dullish white in
preserved specimens. I was out in the meadows here a few years
ago with some friends shooting, when I saw a splendid pair of this
species in adult plumage fly across me at the distance of about
eighty yards, and though four barrels were poured into them witha
hearty good will, we could not stop them, and I never saw them
again. They appeared to be of an enormous length when flying in
the air, quite half as long again as an ordinary Duck. On another
‘occasion, about 1870, I chased three Dun Divers all round the
ameadows for the best part of a winter’s day, but could not succeed
in getting a shot at them. The keeper, however, went out that
evening at flight-time, and seeing three Ducks come over his head,
let fly, and knocked over one of them, and on his retriever bringing
the bird he found it was one of the Dun Divers. Mr. Baker, of
Mere, has a nice pair of these birds, which were killed at Ringwood

106 On the Occurrence of some of the Rarer Species of Birds

on February 29th, 1873; and Sir F. Bathurst informs me that a
fine male bird was killed some time ago on the ornamental water
in Clarendon Park. During some years they are frequent in the
Christchurch district. .

Mergus Serrator. ‘The Red-breasted Merganser.” I have never
heard of this bird occurring in our meadows. But two or three
years ago, when down at Bournemouth, they appeared at that time
not to be uncommon there, and the boatmen gave them the name of
** Shrimpers.” There was a specimen killed there this last winter,
1883-4. I was in a bird fancier’s shop, the other day, at Reading,
during the late congress there, and he showed me a couple of these
birds that had recently been shot on Mr. Wheeble’s pond, at Bull-
Marsh Court: an adult and an immature bird. These were two
out of a flight of some ten or a dozen that haunted the water there
for some time. It is not so big a bird as the Goosander, but equally
handsome in its way; its long crimson serrated bill, giving the
head a very peculiar appearance, and affording it a firm grip of its
prey. It is a splendid diver, and can remain under water two or
three minutes.

Mergus Cucullatus. ‘The Hooded Merganser.” In its adult
plumage, or, indeed, in any stage, this is a very rare visitor to us,
being an American species. Hart is unusually fortunate in possessing
a fine male bird in adult plumage, which was shot many years ago by
Aaron Chief, a workman in Holloway’s ship-yard, at Christchurch.

Mergus Albelius. “The Smew.” Not common, but occasionally
found, both on our coasts and on freshwater ponds and rivers. A
very nice male was shot near Taunton, on the Tone, when I was
curate near there, in 1860. It occurs oecasionally in Christchurch
Harbour. Not long ago, two fine adult males were killed at one
shot there. An adult male was also killed there in December, 1864;
and another in January, 1876; and an adult female on January,
24th, 1881; a male also on January 18th, 1881; and another by
Lord Normanton on January, 2nd, 1882.

With this bird we bid adieu to the long list of the Anatide, and
come to the Grebes and Divers.

(Lo be Continued).

Se ee en ee

107

On some Anenoted Wiltshire Dhrases.

By the Rev. W. C. Puenperieats, M.A.

N all life there are two processes necessarily involved—those
a of growth and of decay; and in no life are these more
‘conspicuously present than in that of alanguage. Its growth may
be traced in the pages of successive writers. But the record of its
decay is less certain, inasmuch as words and phrases often survive
in local dialects for centuries after they have passed away from,
even if they have ever really belonged to, the language of literature.
Hence the importance of the labour of the philologer in noting the
existence of such forms of diction; and especially so in an age like
our own, when the spread of education and the increased facilities
for locomotion produce a more rapid disappearance of old words and
phrases than has probably ever before been known.

The following words have all come under my notice as having
been actually in use in the village of Cherhill, in North Wilts,
during the last twenty years; but they are not to be found in the
glossary published in 1842 by the late Mr. Akerman, nor, so far as
I am aware, in any other Wiltshire glossary whatsoever. Most of
them are common up to the present day, though in the mouths of a
constantly diminishing number of people. And it is quite probable
that in the course of twenty years more they may have entirely
disappeared from the conversation of the villagers when talking to
outsiders, though possibly not quite, even then, from use amongst
themselves. At the commencement of the period during which I
have been collecting them, there were many inhabitants of our
country villages whose only talk was the old Wiltshire vernacular,
and who were in no wise shy of using it. Now, most of the country
folk are ashamed to employ, when in colloquy with educated people,
the old words and phrases which lent so picturesque a vigour to

108 On some un-noted Wiltshire Phrases.

their ancestral tongue, and try, indeed, to trauslate them into what
they consider more polite language—not always with success. I
remember many years ago talking to a parishioner about a neighbour
in whose convalescence after a long illness she had taken the deepest
interest, and being assured that she “ now hoped that her recovery
would be premature”! Had my informant been talking to one of
her own comméres, she would probably have said that “ now as So-
and-so had got well, she hoped as she’d kip well.”

A little learning is, however, proverbially a dangerous thing. I
copy from a letter written to me during a temporary absence from
home, the following startling sentence :—“ The auxiliary teacher is
indisposed, and I fear that the seeds of an incipient decline are
corroding the root of her existence.”

To talk so tall as this, I for one prefer our good old Wiltshire
Saxon, albeit it is not everyone who would at first hearing under-
stand the latter. I once mortally offended an Italian friend who
prided himself on his perfect knowledge of English, by assuring
him that I would introduce him to a native, of whose talk he would
not understand ten consecutive words. This my friend absolutely
refused to believe. But the introduction took place, and at a very
early period in the conversation I had to intervene in order to
explain what was meant by there being a “ maain zoight o’ turmuts
to-year !”

I may add, par parenthése, that if the Italian carried away no
very high opinion of Wiltshire intelligence, the opinion formed by
Wiltshire of himself was equally humble, for only a few days after-
wards, on my mentioning to a parishioner that my friend was a
very skilful musician, the latter replied that he had “thought that
the Italians were too savage to know anything about music ! ”

The following words have, as has been already stated, been all
gleaned from actual conversations. But before putting them down
here, I have consulted all the local English glossaries to which I
could obtain access, and have also sent copies of them to some half-
dozen friends in different corners of the kingdom, in order to
ascertain whether any of them are known in their respective
districts. To those gentlemen who have so kindly helped me by

ee ee ee

By the Rev. W. C. Plenderleath, M.A. 109

their answers to my enquiries I here beg to tender my very sincere
thanks.

Avry, adj.—dry, thirsty. This form appears to be common
throughout the South of England, though I have not been able to
trace it at all in the North. It occurs in Burton’s “ Anatomy of
Melancholy,” and some other authors of the same period ; and is
akin to such words as acold, for cold, abackward, for backward,
amad, for mad, &c., &e.

Brow, s.=fragment. Akerman gives this word as an adjective
meaning Zrittle, and seems to think that it is connected with the
Saxon Briw, a fragment. But he is evidently unaware of the con-
tinued existence of the latter word itself, with probably almost, if
not altogether, its original pronunciation. i

Bruckuixe, par.—crumbling. I have heard this word used of a
wall or other building which had been constructed of “ very
bruckling stone,” and so was “ bruckling away ” with the action of
the weather. It would seem to be an exactly analogous formation
from break, that the Norfolk word cruckle is from creak.

Catuus, v. 2.=to harden. This is given in a Yorkshire glossary
with the signification of “to harden or coagulate into amass.” It
is, of course, from the Latin callosus.

Carzus-Stone, s.=a sort of gritty earth sometimes used in the
construction of a rough whetstone by spreading it over a piece of

‘board to sharpen knives upon, Cf. Rirrux, infra.

Casatty, adj.=broken. This is, no doubt, the common noun
casualty, shortened by the’elision of the former of the two vowels
‘(in much the same way as Daniel is always pronounced Danel,
‘curiosity eurosity, &c.),' and used adjectively. ‘It is in Wiltshire,
‘so far as I am aware, only spoken of the weather ; but in Warwick-
shire it appears to bear the sense of broken by age. “ He’s getting
“very old and casualty.” Halliwell gives the substantive as used in

eee eee ee ee

1 Tt is a singular instance of the law of compensation that io us is invariably
“pronounced as ous in the word curious, whereas ous on the other hand becomes
ious in the word grievous. Similarly, if a man wants to reach “ vurder” up the
‘surface of a wall than he can do when standing upon the ground, he gets a
“Jather” to help him.

110 On some un-noted Wiltshire Phrases.

the East of England for “ the flesh of an animal that dies by chance ;
@.e., what is called in some other parts of the country, Jraxy.
Comicat, adj.=ill. } The effect is very much what an
ComicaLLy, adv.=badly.
by the former of these words to hear a man tell one with a face of
the deepest woe that “ he’ve a bin at whoam from work for a wick,
and that he do veel main comical to-day.” Perhaps, also, in the
course of further conversation one might hear that his master had
taken advantage of his absence to put some one else in his place,
and that he considers that he (the master) has “ behaved very
comically” to him in doing so. The underlying sense in each of
these cases is, I presume, that of something strange and unaccustomed.
But it is curious to see by what a zig-zag course the word has wan-
dered from its original root, inasmuch as comic is no doubt from

educated Englishman would describe

comedy, which itself comes from the odes sung at a comos, or banquet,
and the latter again from coiman, to recline, as banquetters did.

Cowarp, adj.—pure. Used of unskimmed milk. An Isle of
Wight glossary gives this as “cowed milk, é.e., milk warm from
the cow.” I can not, however, help thinking that the etymology
is more likely to be cowherd milk, 7.e., such milk as a cowherd would
be sure to make use of himself, whatever he might pass on to his
master’s customers! In this it would be an analogous form with
‘ bee-bread,” 2.¢., such bread as is eaten by bees. But any analogue
for “cowed,” in the sense of fresh from the cow, I can neither
remember nor find.

Crab, v. a.=abuse, 7.¢e., to speak crabbedly to; the character
assumed by the speaker giving form to the verb, even as in the
common phrase “ to blackguard” the verb is formed from the
character attributed by the speaker. The word is used in the North
of England in the sense of to dreak or bruise, and I am not sure
whether the term in falconry to “ crabe ” may not possibly be cognate.

Dicky, adj, (a shortened form of daddicky)=decayed, rotten.
Used of vegetable matter, and derived from “ daddick,” or “daddac,”
which Halliwell gives as a Western word for decayed wood. Used
also of persons, to signify weakly, broken, in bad health. I have
heard it used in both senses here, but an informant of mine in Kent

By the Rev. W. C. Plenderleath, M.A. 111

knows it only in the first application, and another informant in
Hampshire in the second.

Dzsp Year. Always used with the possessive pronoun. “ His
dead year” is the year immediately following his death, 1.e.,
probably, the year of mourning for him.

Ems, or Hetms, s.—long straws chosen out for thatching, the
process of choosing them being called “elming.” Under the form
of yelms the word occurs in several local glossaries, and that of the
Oxfordshire dialect quotes a common saying to the effect that
“Women sometimes yelm, but they do not thatch.” Skeat, in his
etymological dictionary, connects it with the Anglo-Saxon gidm, a
handful. But is it not more likely to be simply a form of the
common word haulm, a stalk, from the Latin culmus, which is itself
cognate to calamus,a reed? A recent writer upon Holland speaks
of the duins or shore-banks being “ plentifully sown with such
plants as will thrive in poor soil, in order to prevent the wind from
scattering the sand of which they are composed over the adjacent
lands. Chiefly rank grasses are used for the purpose; the helm
being generally selected on account of its long and spreading roots,
which shoot and intertwine in every direction.” Halliwell defines
helm as meaning in Gloucestershire “ to cut the ears of wheat from
the straw before thrashing it.”

Fottow, or Fottow on, v. a.=continue. A man would say that
“if you do want a good crop, you must follow on hoeing of the
ground: but you can’t do no hoeing so long as it do follow raining.”
The phrase occurs in the Authorized Version of Hosea, vi., 3, but
I am not sure whether it does not there bear rather the ordinary
meaning’ of procession from one thing to another (i.e., in this case,
from life to knowledge), than the local sense which we are now
considering of continuance in the same thing. Halliwell mentions
the expression “ following-time” as being used in the East of
England for “a wet season when showers follow successively.”

Let orr, v.a.=abuse. I have heard it repeatedly said of a man
who had been too free with his tongue, “ He let I off at a vine rate!”’

But I cannot hear of the phrase being in use in any other part of

England, though “let on” (from the Norse /acta) is common

112 On some un-noted Wiltshire Phrases.

enough. A Cumberland correspondent says, however, that “let
off’ is used intransitively, sometimes, for ‘to use general abuse ’—
what the Scotch call ‘swearing at large.’” And a friend in
Hampshire tells me that he thinks he has heard the phrase “ let
off” there, though “let on” is more common.

Loperp or Lepesp, part.=beaten down, flattened. Spoken of
corn laid by wind or rain. The former form of the word appears
common everywhere, and occurs in Macbeth, IV., 2. The latter
is, however, so far as I am aware, peculiar to Wiltshire. But vowels
are the sport of local dialects in every language.

Mippuine, adj. I am astonished not to find the minimistic use
of this word noted by Akerman, as there are few phrases more com-
monly employed in Wiltshire when it is wished to indicate a positive
statement by the intonation of the voice without expressing it in so
many words. Thus, “very middling” (generally with a shake of
the head) means dad, or iid: “ pretty middling” (with a nod) means
good or well.

Nitums, adv.=at night (7.e., no doubt, at night times, but always
pronounced exactly as I have written it).

Opps, v. a.,=alter, change. Halliwell speaks of this word as
occasionally used in the West of England in this sense. I have
heard it in Wiltshire not infrequently.

Pantony, s.=pantry. The ultimate root of both these words is,
of course, the Latin paim, bread. Hence paneterie is Old French
for the place where bread was kept, and panetier for the person in
charge of it, which became in thirteenth-century English pantner,
pantrer, or pantler.

QuisET, v.=to pry. I have heard a person spoken of as being
“always quisetting about,” and I suspect that the word is simply a
corrupt formation from the adj. imquisitive. It is given in no
glossary that I have met with.

Ratt, v. 2.=crawl, walk slowly. Halliwell gives this word with
the sense of to stray abroad, and adds “ perhaps from the older word
reile, to roll.” This latter is no doubt from the Anglo-Saxon hreol,
a reel. I hear the word, however, used constantly with no other
signification than that of a slow or feeble walk.

\

By the Rev. W. C, Plenderleath, M.A. 113

Rirr.z, s.=an artificial whetstone, or knife-board, made with
“ callus-stone,” q.v. I presume that this word, like ree/, rift. &e.
comes from the Old English word rive, to tear, and is cognate with
the German rzffel, a comb. The root is Scandinavian.

SkIve, v. a.=shave, slice. Halliwell gives this as a technical
expression for “to pare the thicker parts of hides previously to
tanning them.” I have heard it, however, in general use for any-
thing which was capable of being sliced. It exists in the same
form in Kent; but the Cumberland folk talk of “skiving off” a
slice of bread. And a Norfolk correspondent sends me the following
note :—“‘slive,’ ‘slive off’=slice obliquely. Cf. ‘slift of beef?
for pickling, i.e., the silver side of the reund.”

Sort-T1DE, s.—the three days next before Lent. Iam unable to
offer any explanation of this phrase unless it should be from the
Old English word saw/, and so point to a similar idea as the French
expression for a penitent who has been reconciled to the Church, as
having ‘‘ fait son salut.” <A friend suggests to me the possibility
of its being simply a verbal corruption of shrove-tide.

TERRIFY, v.=to injure. Constantly spoken of non-sentient things:
ég., a sharp hailstorm in the spring of the year would not only
“ terrify ” a small child who might be caught in it, but also the
apple trees, whose blossoms it might knock off. I have not heard
of the phrase in other counties.

Times,=many times, frequently. This elliptical expression ap-
pears also to be peculiar to Wiltshire, where (I may add) “ Anyone
who has conversed much with the people must have heard it times.’
Halliwell gives “times and about” as meaning very frequently, but
does not say where used. I have never met with the latter phrase
here.

Tria, v. a.=fasten, make firm. This is a word to which, as
substantive, adjective, and verb, Halliwell gives no less than nine
different significations, all connected with the idea of firmness and
stability. In Hampshire and Yorkshire I have heard of its being
used in our Wiltshire sense: in the North of England as an ad-
jective meaning tight, compact, neat. And in Cornwall substan-
tively, for a patch put on the sole of a shoe to strengthen it. The

VOL. XXII.—NO. LXIV. I

114 Letter to the Editor.

root must, I imagine, be the Norse ¢ryggr, true, safe: and it can
not, I think, have anything to do with the old German word ¢rethan,
to draw, or the modern English word ¢rigger, with both of which
one might, perhaps, at first sight have been somewhat inclined to
connect it.

Wuicker, v. 2. Halliwell mentions this word as used in the
West of England with the signification of ¢o nezgh. I am inclined
to think, however, that in its Wiltshire use, it rather means to whinny
as distinguished from neighing. It is, no doubt, an example of
onomatopeeia, and so far cognate to “ nucker ” or “ knucker,” which
is used with this same signification in Norfolk, Kent, Sussex, and
some other counties.

Wingfield House,
Near Trowbridge,
26th August, 1884.
Drar Me. SmuirTa,

As you have been kind enough to make room in the Devizes Museum
for the flint antiquities and bones found by my husband, my son, and myself in
the bone cavern at Mentone, it has struck me you might like to have some
description of the spot, and of the circumstances under which these relics were
discovered.

The caves are situated little more than a mile from Mentone, in a magnificent
headland of red stone, called in the patois of the country the Baoussé Raoussé
(red rocks), and are vast wedge-shaped clefts, piercing far back into the moun-
tains. They open on a broad ledge about 40ft. above the beautiful sparkling
Mediterranean; where the walls of stone unite far overhead they are fringed
with hanging fronds of the maidenhair fern, and as we may believe that primeval
man had, like ourselves, a heart that could be cheered by sunshine and gladdened
by beauty, nowhere could he have chosen a spot more delightful, or from its
situation more secure from the attacks of the wild beasts with which the forest-
eovered valleys must have abounded.

After passing the last villa on the shore of the east bay at Mentone, with its
garden of tropical plants, you continue to skirt the sea shore by a somewhat rugged
road, once the Via Julia of the Romans, now principally used by the stone carts

vs

5 5 ee a

Letter to the Editor. 115

which, alas! are carrying away the stone blasted from the noble time-worn cliffs.
It is used to continue a pier or breakwater planned by the great Napoleon to give
more security to the waters of the east bay, intended by him as a harbour of
refuge.

You soon reach a network of minute rills that trickle their way to the sea,
after being many times stayed in their course to form pools for the numerous
washerwomen, who (each kneeling in her basket) soap and chatter away, utterly
regardless of the archzwological or geological past. These little streams are the
modern representatives of the furious torrent that once boiled through the
romantic gorge of St. Louis, now the boundary between France and Italy. A
few hundred yards from the sea, under the bridge which at once unites and
divides the republic and the kingdom, a picturesque aqueduct tells how the
Romans once stole from its waters to fertilize the adjacent slopes. Huge water-
worn boulders and rocks are scattered around; they lie tossed like children’s
playthings on either side of a smooth descending track of unbroken stone, slippery
as ice, bearing witness to the tremendous force with which the torrent must once
have rushed between those lofty walls. :

You cross these rills, and pass a sentry box tenanted by a harmless-looking
Italian soldier, who smokes the pipe of peace and cultivates the acquaintance of
the washerwomen, and find yourself in Italy.

The road passes close to the many arches of the railway, and begins to ascend,
occupying a shelf of rock about 20ft. above the level of the sea. On the left
rises a rough bit of cliff, up which straggle uneven pathways leading to the
platform already mentioned, from which you enter the ancient caves, and can
watch the blasting and quarrying of the rock just beyond.

The railway has pierced a tunnel through the projecting point, and has cut the
platform in two, thus rendering the approach to the first three caves rather
difficult. These three have been emptied of all accumulation of soil, and you
tread on a smooth rocky floor, but they once contained many feet of earth mixed
with bones and flints, similar to the fourth cave, which we were fortunate enough
to find in a different condition. Re-crossing the railway and rounding the
promontory or cliff, you enter at once into this fourth cave, the walls of which
have as yet been left unblasted by the quarrymen, who, however, have usurped
and altered the rest of the platform and the face of the lofty cliff that towers
overhead.

At our first visit a labourer was lazily scraping a flooring of soft black
mould, different in colour and substance from the surrounding soil, and full of
broken bones of all sizes, numberless flakes and nodules of flint, masses of burnt
conglomerate, and various other fragments.

It was here that we gathered the specimens now placed in the Wiltshire
Archzological Museum. The difficulty was not to find, but to carry away. The
prospect of a walk back to Mentone with heavily-laden pockets and hands rather
appalled us. For our general appearance of stonemasons returning from work
we cared but little.

The man who was already in possession offered us what small discoveries he
had made, and seemed to think a few sous infinitely preferable to old teeth,
bones, and flints. It was a very singular thing that the bones of small birds,
rats, and rabbits, were found among the huge relies of the Cervus Elephas and

12

116 Letter to the Editor.

Bos Primigenius, and were often unbroken, but so brittle as to make it most
difficult to preserve them. I am afraid few or none have survived their long
and perilous journey to Wiltshire. A French gentleman whom we met ata later
visit pointed out this peculiarity to us, and told us excavations were on foot to
explore more fully the contents of the cave.

The mixed soil of earth, burnt conglomerate, bones, and flints had once reached
many feet above our heads, as was shown by the mark on the sides; but the
eave had been frequently examined in past times, and the contents thrown out
and dispersed. Even when we were there an immense mound remained outside,
in which we and others successfully searched for worked flints.

Twelve years ago a very perfect human skeleton was found imbedded far down
in this soil by M. Bonfils, Curator of the Mentone Museum, and M. Riviere, a
Parisian savant. With the utmost caution this relic was removed to Paris,
where it can now be seen. Around it were ornaments of sea shells, and flint
weapons. There were also other human remains found, but none in so perfect
a condition.

During last winter desultory excavations were carried on, and in the beginning
of February of this year M. Bonfils again made an important discovery.

Some 12ft. or more below the level of the former burial he came upon a perfect
human skeleton, that of a man who, by the length and size of the thigh bone,
must have been of immense stature. Three very large masses of flint surrounded
the skull, on which one of them seems to have rested, and when moved to have
crushed it. The body was lying on its side with the knees gathered up. M. Bonfils
made a careful drawing of these three stones with the bead as originally found.
He had not the funds at his disposal to insure a speedy and careful removal, and
his movements were further cramped by the cave being on Italian ground, and
by the fact of the master quarryman having a right to everything excavated from
the cliff.

M. Bonfils, however, had the remains surrounded by a wooden frame and
separated from the soil, and left them one night ready for removal the next day,
taking with him only the partially-crushed skull and the thigh bone which was

loose. When he returned the next morning the wooden frame and the rest of
the skeleton had disappeared, and with them all the fruits of his many days’
labour over an object so precious to scientific enquirers, but so valueless to all
others! The poor man was almost frantic with disappointment and annoyance ;
he made every possible effort to trace and recover the missing portions ; letters
on the subject appeared in the various Mentone parers, but down to the time
when I left Mentone in April nothing had been heard of what had so strangely
disappeared.

Immediately on hearing of the find and subsequent disaster I paid a visit to
the cave, and saw the place from whence the skeleton had been removed. I got
down with difficulty into the hole, and as I stood upright the walls of black earth
filled with ancient remains rose up above my head. The ground on which we
had stood and worked out our first discoveries two months before must have been
8 or 9ft. above the level of the skeleton. From the cavity where the head had
lain I picked out of a huge crumbling jawbone a white and perfect tooth of the
Bos Primigenius, which I still have. This cave apparently had not the
smooth rocky floor of the first three, but must originally have been a vast chasm

The Flint Implements of Bemerton and Milford Hill. 117

at the bottom of which were loose rocks leaving vacant spaccs. In one of these
the burial seems to have been made. It was surrounded with the artificial soil.

The theory of the gentlemen with whom I spoke on the subject was, that the
primeval inhabitants of these dwellings brought into them the carcases of the
animals they used for food, burning and covering with earth the refuse parts, in
order to avoid the smell which, even to their hardened senses, must have been
‘most disagreeable. This would account for the immense accumulation of soil,
‘and the frequent presence of burnt bones and bits of conglomerate of calcined
animal matter.

M. Bonfils nas made the best of the few relics that were left of his remarkable
discovery. He has restored the skull, which, with the immense thigh bone, I
saw in the Mentone Museum. Some of the teeth are left in both upper and
under jaw. The crown of them is worn perfectly smooth, suggesting the idea
that the game of those olden days must have been tough eating.

M. Bonfils pointed out what he considered to be some difference between the
form of this most ancient skull and that of the present race of man. On so
scientific a subject I am wholly unable to speak. Let those who are competent,
and wish to judge for themselves, pay a visit to the Mentone Museum, and
converse with M. Bonfils. They will have the further opportunity of seeing a
most interesting collection of the bones, flints, and other curiosities found in the
Mentone caves.

I am, Dear Mr. Smith,
Very truly yours,
Amy U. CaILLagD.

The Hint Amplements of Bemerton and AVilford
AU, nea Salisbury.

ALAOLITHIC implements were first discovered in this
(Salisbury) district by H. P. Blackmore, Esq., M.D., in
September, 1863.

t On the 14th of September, 1863,! he first found them in a gravel
_ pit being then worked near the railway arch on the Wilton Road

1 «Plint Chips,’ by E. T. Stevens, p. 47.

118 The Flint Implements of Bemerton and Milford Hill.

(Plan I.) at Bemerton. This gravel is spread over a considerable
area, and it may be mentioned that wherever it has been excavated
these implements have appeared.

Those discovered at Bemerton came principally from a gravel pit
about a mile-and-a-half on the Wilton Road, on the right-hand
side, near the railway bridge, and about three hundred yards up a
lane, on the left-hand side, leading to the cemetery in the Devizes
Road. The pit is in a field about ninety yards from the lane (Plan I.).
Altogether fifty specimens have been obtained from this locality,
and, with the exception of two found in digging the Fisherton
reservoir, five at Highfield, five in Mr. Charles Finch’s field, and
three from the Fisherton brick earth (two of them Neolithic), they
have all come from the gravel pit represented on Plan I.

On April 27th, 1864,' Dr. Blackmore made a further discovery
of implements in the gravel then being excavated at Milford Hill
(Plan II.), and from the above date to the present time they have
come to light in considerable quantities.

Mr. James Brown informed me that he obtained over twenty
examples from the excavation at No. 3 (Plan II.), now the Godolphin
School. Three more were afterwards procured in levelling the
garden, one of which the writer possesses. Mr. James Brown has
an implement found in digging a trench for gas pipes in the London
Road, close to Elm Grove,

In October of the present year (1878) a flint tool was brought to
the writer, dug from a pit in Culver Street, Salisbury, at a still
lower level—one of the lowest at which they have hitherto appeared.

The first specimen that came into the writer’s possession was
obtained from a workman in June, 1865, and many others have been
found there (Milford Hill) from time to time up to the present
date. The implement mentioned above is small and of oval form
with the surface highly polished,

From 1865 till the latter end of 18738 there was little (if any)
excavation in progress.

About the latter half of the year 1873 to nearly the end of 1876

1 “Plint Chips,” by E. T. Stevens, p. 47.

300 yards.

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To SALISBURY.

78 Mi Pinckney 's field.

Winchestey

Late Cricket Ground, 3B Street.

ZA? YB!

- Greencro{t.

Foot Psth .

FRANK HIGHMANS

Pian of part of Milford Hill . Sep: 1s W Houses.
E PROCESS
The dots i. Show Wheres imple ments have been fend. ~ eaters

mr"

The Flint Implements of Bemerton and Milford Hill. 119

large quantities of gravel were dug for road making and other pur-
poses. During this period (besides the making of a few cellars)
there were immense quantities of gravel removed from under the
present road (marked Nos. 13 and 14 on Plan II.), as also from the
pit marked No. 15 on the same plan.

The gravel generally was of the most heterogeneous character,
consisting principally of sub-angular flints, rolled tertiary pebbles,
sand, rubbly chalk, fragments of chert, greensand, and oolite rock ;
it was in many places at least 15ft. in depth, and here and there
were cavities, one being large enough to contain the carcase of a
horse.!

From the latter end of 1873 to the end of 1876 the writer visited
these excavations almost daily, and the sparseness of the finds may
be imagined, since, on the whole, the average in the three years did
not exceed above one in a month. It may be stated that, during
the above period, the work-people were constantly being changed,
and the fresh hands had to be instructed; consequently a large
number of zatural forms were produced as realities.

Besides the specimens found in the localities specified on Plan II.,
implements have been procured wherever that sheet of gravel
capping Milford Hill and its neighbourhood has been dug—in Mr.
Me. Intosh’s field, close to the Southampton Road; in Mrs.
Fowler’s field and paddock, near the wooden bridge; in Mr. W.
Pinckney’s garden ; and in St. Anne’s Street.

As a rule the implements from Milford Hill and adjacent parts
are not much iron-stained, and although some of them are very

_ water-worn, others, on the contrary, have their edges and angles so

sharp that, but for other appearances, they might have been fashioned
quite recently.

Some of the implements present a white porcellanous appearance.
“The flint is white and porcellanous on the surface and has become
so light and soft in structure that it can readily be cut with a
knife.” *

1 See “ Ancient Stone Implements,’”’ by J. Evans, p. 501.
2“ Ancient Stone Implements,” by Mr. J. Evans, p. 450.

120 The Flint Implements of Bemerton and Milford Hill.

Illustration No. 1 is the representation of a large oval implement,
7%in. long and 4in. wide, porcellanous on the one face and a good
deal bleached on the other. It was found by the writer on the 23rd
June, 1875 “ in situ’ seven feet below the surface, with the butt-end
slightly protruding from the wall of the gravel pit No. 15, Plan IL.,
and near the centre. It weighs 2lbs. 20z., and the dots show where
the original crust of the nodule remains.

Illustration No. 2 presents a fine large oval appearance, and
measures 63in. by 32 in.; weight, llb. 1340z. This implement
appears never to have been used, for the edges for cutting are as
sharp as the day they were made. This tool was found in digging
out a cellar (Plan II., No. 25) for a house to be built on Milford
Hill, and was at a depth of twelve feet from the surface among the
surrounding gravel.

The chipping is most skilfully turned over the body, and the
cutting edges round the outside are formed with a minuteness not
easily equalled. The colour is grayish blue, and has the remains of
some crust towards the butt.

Illustration No, 3 is a small flint which presents traces of having
been re-worked from a larger one. The older working is much
more bleached than the after working, and is indicated on both
surfaces by the figures 1, 2, 8. This re-working is alluded to in
Mr. J. Evans’ work on “ Ancient Stone Implements,” p. 450, where
he states that ‘‘a specimen which he figures has been made from a
large flake, the outer face of which has been fashioned by secondary
chipping. A part of the inner face at one end has also been re-
worked.” 8. Nilsson, in his “ Stone Age,” p. 65, describes the
grinding and re-working of stone axes, &c., &c.

Illustration No. 4 exhibits a dagger-shapped flint, 5fin. long,
worked to a point at one end, and the original crust of the nodule
is left at the other for handling. This form is very rare.

Tllustration No. VII. is a flake of chert, 4$in. long, and 1fin. in
width. One side is quite flat and smooth, showing the bulb of
concussion. The convex side is most beautifully chipped alf round
the edges. The colour is dark brown, but here and there dotted
with white spots.

Gh i | fl YY, p

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Sil in

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il ford Hill. Found ‘instu" Tt below surface by CIR. June 22% Ig75.

Frank Argnmans
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SS

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Frann Hicnmans
Nie Tie PROCESS

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a
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[RANK HUGH MANS
Niaz Time PROCESS

; og Sacss@uARy.

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RR, del:

FRANK HICHMANS
Nia Tinte PROCESS
Sw2ssaurr

[Zin >
A Flake of Chert. One stde 1s quile flat and stmrooth

She wing Thebull of Comcussior. . The convex side 1% tmoct

mats fully chipped , and the edges allvround are formed by
tminule chu ppinas. “The eoloar zs dark brow nm, but here and
Theve dolted with whrte spots. Ma Ufevdl Hil. Jane ig? 1880.

FRANK HICH MANS
Niza Treat PRocESS
Satisavrr

The Flint Implements of Bemerton and Milford Hill. 12%

“The genuine specimens ! from the beds of river drift almost, but
not quite, invariably present some one or more of the following
characteristics : glossiness of surface, dendritic markings, calcareous
incrustations and discolourations, varying of course with the nature
of the beds in which they have lain. The angles are often somewhat
smoothed, even if not distinctly water-worn ; and when (as happens
in some rare case) the flint has remained unaltered in colour, and
without presenting in a marked manner any of the characteristics
above specified, its surface will on close examination be found dotted
over at intervals with bright.glossy spots, probably those at which
for ages it has been in contact with other stones.” ?

Implements found at Milford Hill, and adjacent parts to September
25h, 1878.

Implements from Milford Hill, now in the Black-

more Museum wae on one, OD
In possession of the writer oe ees ROU
Ditto Mr. James Brown ... Ae 12
Ditto Mr. John Brown ... hee 1
Ditto Mr. E. T. Stevens ... ae 8
Ditto Mr. Clench sen ae 6
Ditto Mr. J. Evans wai “ae 5
Ditto, Mr. Franks ee : 5
Given away by Mr. Clench si 4
Ditto to various collectors ne oes 10
220

Of the above, five were obtained from Mr. W. Pinckney’s garden ;
five from Mr. Me. Intosh’s field, near Southampton Road ; two from
St. Anne’s Street; one from the London Road, at the entrance to
Elm Grove; and one in Culver Street.

1Mr. J. Evans, p. 575.
? But this is not invariably the case. C.J. R.

122 The Flint Implements of Bemerton and Milford Hill.

At Bemerton and district, up to the present time, implements
have been found, and are distributed as follows :—

In the Blackmore Museum sas Ee 39
In the possession of Mr, James Brown ae 6
In the possession of the writer ia a 4

49

Of the above, two were obtained in digging the Fisherton reser-
voir, five at Highfield, five in Mr. Charles Finch’s field, three in
the Fisherton brick earth (two of the latter being Neolithic), and
the remainder from the gravel pit on Plan I.

If a knowledge of the organic and other remains found associated
with these implements be desired, I cannot but refer my readers to
the excellent paper on this subject by Dr. H. P. Blackmore, in the
Wilts Archeological Magazine, vol. x., p. 221.

Finally, it seems right that a short account of this interesting
discovery, its development and locality, should find a permanent
depository; and the writer regrets that some abler hand than his
own has not been induced to prepare it, but from the rapid addition
to the buildings, and the alterations of the ground, the knowledge
of what is herein very imperfectly recorded was in danger of being
lost entirely.

C. J. Reap.
Salisbury, September 25th, 1878.

Nore.—Since the above was written there has been a large
increase of finds from the Fowler estate, Manor Road, and Stratford
Road, now belonging to the Blackmore Museum, Mr. James Brown,
and myself, and amounting to one hundred and forty-eight specimens.

The scarcity of the oval pattern should be remarked, as also
that, out of the total number, only six specimens have been made
from chert.

The Flint Implements of Bemerton and Milford Hill, 128

Implements in the writer’s possession from Milford Hill.

_

. Implements worked to a point, with the crust

left at the butt-end for handling 18

2. Pointed implements, worked. all round is
having a large butt an 7
3. Pointed implements, worked all round 8
4, Oval-shaped implements, worked all round 6
5. Side scrapers, having one edge only 6
6. Worked flakes 6
7. Wedge-shaped flint ... 1
8. Scraper 1
9. Shoe-shaped flint and ate 1
10. Borer ade ave bee 1
11. Points of implements ae vat 4
12. Implement from Culver Street 1
60

|
: From Bemerton.

1. Oval flint, worked all round pts +e 1
2. Pointed flint, worked all round ... 1
3. Borer 1
4, Butt and point of ‘ablemonts (imperfect) 2
5

December, 1884. _

[The Committee desires to express its acknowledgments to Mr.
Read for the illustrations accompanying his paper, which he has
liberally presented to the Society.]

124

Some Aotes on the Breeding of the
Acherontia Atvopos.

By the Rev. ArrHur P. Morres, Vicar of Britford.

sT must be a very unobservant mind, whether it belong to an
entomologist or no, that can regard this, the finest of all
our British—if not European—J/epidoplera, with only a passing
glance of recognition. Im old time the object of the grossest
superstition, it is now allowed to be one of the most harmless of
insects; and one that in every stage of its existence, whether it be
larva, pupa, or perfect imago, cannot but arrest and please the eye,
whenever it may light uponit. A fine caterpillar of this moth is
one of the most beautiful larve that exist; its gorgeous colouring
of gamboge yellow, apple green, and bright blue oblique stripings
affording a most pleasing combination of colour, and one which, I
must confess, I myself am never tired of looking at.

This autumn the larve of this insect have been unusually plentiful
in the district of Salisbury. I have had specimens brought me
from all parts of the parish, and if I could only have indoctrinated
my people with their real value (anyhow in my eyes) I think I
might say I should have had scores of them. In our Union potato
ground, which consists of three or four acres, they were very
numerous; and at the offer of 3d. a head for them, as “’baccy
money,” the inmates used to hunt narrowly after them for me.
But my hopes were cut short by a neighbour, who also found out
this treasure house of larve, and who eclipsed me by offering 6d.
for them. This I thought somewhat hard, as I considered, as
chaplain of the establishment, I had a kind of prior right to them.
But I had no resource left me but to offer sixpence myself; and by
this means I got my share in whatever was found. The villagers
in my parish, however, I could not get to understand the interest I
felt in them ; and the only answers I got to my interrogatories were
such as these, “Lor, Sir, I’ve often see’d they, but did not know

——————— Eee el ee

Some Notes on the Breeding of the Acherontia Atropos. 125

they was any good”; or, “ Yes, I found a lot of them palmer
worms the other day, and clapped my heel upon them ; they do eat
into the potatoes so”; and another, whom I begged to let me have
any chrysalides he might find, when it was too late for the larve,
said that he had dug up several of them last week, and had left
them where he had chucked ’em out. On this I went to his plot of
ground, and sure enough found a fine chrysalis with his tail just
out of ground, and quite unhurt.

By dint of some trouble, however, I collected twenty-one larve,
some of them very fine ones—all of the normal colour, only that
some were of a brilliant gamboge tint, while others partook more
of an apple green hue. One caterpillar, however, I had brought
me was a very peculiar one, being of a dark umber brown, exactly
of the colour of a diseased potato leaf; the segments nearest the
head being of a rich cream colour as also were the stripes. It is the
only caterpillar I have ever seen of this colour. I took the greatest
possible care of them, feeding them twice a day in a large tea-chest,
placing the potato-stalks in phials of water buried up to the necks
in earth, so that the larve could range from one to another without
difficulty. I succeeded in obtaining from these eighteen chrysalides,
three of which, however, were imperfect, chiefly, I believe, from
having expended their strength just before burying in the earth in
twenty-four hours of continuous peripatetic motion ; galloping (I can
think of no better word) round and round the chest incessantly ere
they would consent to bury in the earth. So perseveringly did
they perambulate round their prison-house, that they must literally
have walked miles, and formed a perfect track in the soil, leaving a
trail just as evident as a rat or rabbit-run in the grass ; the only
plan I found at last to make them bury being to place them in a
smaller box with fresh earth, and to keep them quite in the dark.
Directly all the larvee had changed I began the operation of hatching
them out. The first larva was brought me on September 4th, and
the last was on September 26th, though after that [ had one or two
brought down, which the men had dug up, but which had only
recently buried themselves, and had not as yet turned into pups.
I put most of them into their incubator on October 10th, and

126 Some Notes on the Breeding of the Acherontia Atropos.

added others to them as soon as I thought the chrysalis shell was
hard enough to bear the warmth I wished to subject them to.

My incubator consisted of a crock, some four inches deep, and
twelve across. In the bottom of this I placed a layer of gravel, as
drainage, and then on that placed two inches of fresh moss, on
which I laid the pupz, covering them up with damp moss on the
top. This moss I took out every second or third morning, and
soaked it well in quite hot water, replacing the chrysalides on it
directly it was cool enovgh to do so; and by the way in which they
invariably waggled their tails and wriggled themselves into a
comfortable position they said, as plainly as they could, “ Now I
feel very comfortable indeed.” Over the moss I placed a largish
bell glass, about 1ft. span and 15in. high. This I always placed
inside my dining-room fender; taking the precaution to put a thick
piece of brown paper on the fire side of the glass, to prevent them
from any chance of being scorched. The whole apparatus | turned
round every now and then, to keep one side as warm as the other,
In about a fortnight the pupe began to change colour; and as soon
as I noticed this, I placed a tripod of rough sticks inside the glass
for the moths to climb up upon directly they emerged, as otherwise
they could not assume the upright position, which is so necessary
for the growth and development of their wings; for the moisture
from the body of the moth at once begins to run down into the
cellular tissues of the wings, causing them to grow with the most
marvellous rapidity. In twenty minutes the wings (which, when
first hatched out, are but the size of the wing-cases in the chrysalis,
i.e., from a quarter to half-an-inch,) attain to a length of two inches
or more; the span of an averagely fine female moth being five inches
when the wings are expanded to their fullsize. The largest specimen
of Acherontia Atropos which I have ever come across is one which
was captured by Mr. E. Hart, the well-known naturalist, of Christ-
ehurch, who curiously caught it on a tombstone in the churchyard
of that place (a singularly appropriate resting-place many people
would think), and its wings measured a span of seven inches, which
I need not say is an extraordinary size, even for this species. This
wonderfully quick development of the wings is one of the most

By the Rev. Arthur P. Morres, Vicar of Britford. 127

interesting sights in natural history: you can almost see the wings
grow; and the moisture from the newly-hatched moth is so excessive
that it sometimes exudes from the membranes of the wings, and
runs down in drops of a greenish oil-coloured fluid. I may remark
here that the slightest contretemps to the newly-hatched moth is
always fatal to their proper development, and at once prevents the
wings from attaining their normal growth. Directly the moth
emerges from the shell of the chrysalis it is impelled by a powerful
instinct to assume this upright position; and it is very interesting
to see the hurry with which they run up the sticks provided them
until they gain a comfortable position, from which their wings can
depend. Having thus once fastened themselves in a comfortable
attitude, they cling on with the sharp little claws with which their
feet are furnished, and if left alone remain perfectly quiet for some
hours. The wings take from an hour to an hour-and-a-half, after
having grown to their full size, ere they become strong enough to
fall down and cover the handsomely-striped body of the moth. At
first they are somewhat crumpled and flabby. They then gradually
stiffen, until at last they meet one another, standing up in an erect
position, at right angles to the moth’s body, thus showing the rich
orange markings of the under side of the wings; and then in about
another half-hour they gradually separate once more, until they
assume their normal position over the moth’s body; their upper
surface consisting of such a peculiar mixture of neutral tints that
the eye might rest upon the moth for any length of time in any
natural hiding-place, without detecting its presence.

As every entomologist knows, this moth emits a very peculiar

_Squeaking noise, something similar to that of a bat or a mouse—

and it was ‘actually by this sound that I discovered the only moth
that I ever came across in a state of nature. I was rolling my lawn
one day, when my elbow came in contact with an Irish yew, from
the recesses of which I heard a most peculiar squeak, which at that
time I did not recognize. On turning to discover what caused it,
my eye lighted upon something which I thought at first was a
hornet entangled in a spider’s web; but on closer inspection it
proved to be the skull-mark on the head of a fine Acherontia Atropos,

128 Some Notes on the Breeding of the Acherontia Atropos.

and, highly delighted with my prize, I hurried off to the nearest
chemist, who administered a dose of chloroform to it forme. There
has been a good deal of controversy as to the manner in which the
moth emits the peculiar noise I have mentioned, which you can
always evoke by touching it; but I did not know the fact till
this autumn that the chrysalis itself, or rather the moth inside the
chrysalis shell, will emit the same squeaking noise when it is
handled, and that, several days before it is ready to emerge from its
prison-house. This I noticed several times on my touching the
chrysalides to replace them on the moss that I had warmed for their
reception.

To return, however, to the hatching-out process. In exactly four
weeks (7.¢., on November 7th), on my coming down to breakfast, I
had the satisfaction of finding my first moth safely hatched out.
It had been out evidently for some hours, and fine insect as it was
—the wings measuring nearly five inches across when expanded—it
was some seconds ere I espied it on the stick, so closely did the
colours of the outer wings assimilate themselves to the bark on
which it rested. On the 10th a second moth emerged, and on the
llth a third; all perfect insects—while six others had become so
dark that I felt they must turn (or die, as they sometimes will,
without rhyme or reason) in a few days. I was going away in
three or four days’ time for a fortnight, and was most anxious about
them, as it was such an awkward case to move about, that I had
little chance of doing it in safety; and I felt that no one else was
likely to tend them exactly in the same way, or keep them exactly
in the same degree of temperature, that I myself had done. Day
after day I anxiously awaited the appearance of some more moths,
but four or five days passed away and nothing occurred. The
Sunday came, and I was off early on the Monday morning; and I
felt convinced (according to the established rule of contraries) that
several of them would turn just as I was leaving, so that I should
not even have time to kill them and set them out. Sure enough,
when I returned at 7, p.m., from my last evening service, I saw
that a fine moth had just emerged, and had climbed up to the top
of one of the sticks to let its wings develop. On this I took the

By the Rev. Arthur P. Morres, Vicar of Britford. 129

glass off and put the incubator on the table, that I might narrowly
watch the growth of the wings, and, in twenty minutes by the
watch, the wings had attained their full length, though for some
few minutes longer they remained flabby, ere they began to assume
their stiff perpendicular position, as before described. As I was
watching it I saw a slight movement in the moss below, and a
second moth crept out from beneath the moss, and ran like a lamp-
lighter up one of the sticks. So agile and hurried were its move-
ments that it seemed to say, “ Oh, wherever is my stick to cling to,
for I have not a moment to lose?” At last No. 2 also settled
himself comfortably not far from No. 1. Upon this I carefully
removed the moss altogether, and immediately noticed that one of
the other chrysalides had grown rigid and unusually extended, and I
said to my wife, “I believe that that one is on the point of bursting,”
and while we were watching it, we heard a “ click,” and the under
side of the chrysalis burst open and out came a leg. In less than
a minute the moth had freed itself altogether, and had clambered
up the third stick, to which I guided it, and there were the three
moths, all in different stages of development at the same time,
_ affording us one of the most interesting spectacles that, to my mind,
I have ever seen. In about two hours they were all fully developed ;
and with some compunction I was obliged to put an end to their
short-lived existence by first chloroforming them, and then, after
they had become stupified, popping them into one of the regular
entomological “ smelling-bottles.” I found this change advisable,
inasmuch, as if you leave them too long in the chloroform, their
wings at times become so stiff that you cannot afterwards easily
alter them; and if you leave them in too short a time they will
sometimes unexpectedly come to life again, as to my inexpressible
horror I found one had actually done on the next morning after I
had carefully laid him out on the setting board.

On leaving the next morning I sent my case with eight remaining
pupz to a neighbouring friend, who was a very experienced ento-
mologist, requesting him to look after them for me until my return,
asking him to keep them as warm as he could. I heard from him
some days after, saying, to my surprise, that no more moths had
YOL. XXII.—No. LXIV. K

180 Some Notes on the Breeding of the Acherontia Atropos.

turned as yet, and that he had placed them in a cool room, where
he kept all his other insects, as he had always heard that too much
warmth was bad for them, and caused them to emerge with imperfect
wings. I felt at once their death-warrant had been signed, for after
the vapour bath that they had been subjected to, I was quite sure
that any radical change of atmosphere must be most deleterious, if
not fatal, to them. So I wrote at once to my friend, urging upon
him that the “ proof of the pudding was in the eating,” and that
having safely hatched out six perfect insects, what could bea better
proof of the right way of action? After this he removed them into
his dining-room, and during the fortnight I was away two more
perfect moths emerged; one also, with rather crumpled wings, and
one chrysalis died. On my return I immediately sent for my
treasures, and on looking at the four remaining chrysalides detected
at once a very decided change for the worse—one was quite black,
and evidently ought to have changed some days before and felt cold
and clammy, while the other three had comparatively little life left
in them. Before my departure, as I have described, the chrysalides
were quite lively ; and more than once I distinctly heard the squeak
of the moth inside the chrysalis, and that, several days before it
emerged, showing how full of life they were. I immediately,
therefore, set to work, steeped the moss top and bottom in hot
water, and placed them once more in their old corner before the
fire. On the morrow the dark chrysalis was quite dead, but the
other three I found fast returning to their old liveliness. On
December 3rd one of them turned. I came in from the garden and
noticed the kitten playing round the glass and trying to reach
something inside it. I at once felt a moth must be creeping about,
and, on looking, found one, alas! on its back on the moss, close to
the glass on the fire side of the shade, which from my not having
taken the precaution, since my return, to cover with brown paper,
had become so hot that it had actually scorched the moth, so that
it could not recover itself without help. I immediately took it up
and placed it on a stick, but I had been a minute or two too late in
* discovering it. It squeaked (with pleasure?) and laid hold of the
stick, and the wings grew a little; but the few minutes it had been

_—-

WILTSHIRE

Archeological and Aatural History Society.

JANUARY,

1885.

Patron:
Tur Most HonovursBLE THE Marquis oF LANSDOWNE.

President:
Nevin Story Masxetyne Esgq., F.R.S., M.P.

Vice-Presidents :

The Most Hon. the Marquis of Bath
William Cunnington, Esq.

Sir Gabriel Goldney, Bart., M.P.
The Right Hon. Lord Heytesbury
Sir Henry A. Hoare, Bart.

The Rev. Canon Jackson

The Rev. Canon Rich Jones

Sir John Lubbock, Bart., M.P.
Sir John Neeld, Bart.

The Right Hon. Karl Nelson
Charles Penruddocke, Esq.

C. H. Talbot, Esq.

Rev. H. A. Olivier

Trustees :

Sir Edmund Antrobus, Bart.

The Most Hon. the Marquis of Bath
The Right Hon. E. P. Bouverie
William Cunnington, Esq.

G. T. J. Sotheron Estcourt, Esq.,M.P.
G. P. Fuller, Esq.

Sir Gabriel Goldney, Bart., M.P.

The Most Hon. The Marquis of
Lansdowne

Sir John Lubbock, Bart., M.P.

Sir John Neeld, Bart.

The Right Hon. Earl Nelson

Charles Penruddocke, Esq.

Committee:

T. B. Anstie, Esq., Devizes

The Rev. E. L. Barnwell, Welisham

The Rev. W. P. S. Bingham, Berwick
Bassett, Swindon

Henry Brown, HEsq., Blacklands
Park, Caine

Robert Clark, Esq., Devizes

The Rev. E. H. Goddard, Clyffe
Pypard, Wootton Bassett

The Rev. C. W. Hony, Bishops Can-
nings

Joseph Jackson, Esq., Devizes

Alexander Meek, Esq., Devizes

The Rev. A. B. Thynne, Seend

Honorary General Secretaries :
The Rev. A. C. Smith, Yatesbury Rectory, Calne
H. E. Medlicott, Esq., Sandfield, Potterne
Honorary General Curators:
Henry Cunnington, Esq., Devizes
A. B. Fisher, Esq., Potterne

G. Alexander, Esq., Highworth

Honorary Local Secretaries :

W. F. Morgan, Esq.. Warminster

H. E. Astley, Esq., Hungerford J. E. Nightingale, Esq., Wilton
W. Forrester, Esq., Malmesbury The Rev. W. C. Plenderleath, Cher-
N. J. Highmore, Esq., M.D., Brad- hill, Calne

ford-on- Avon
H. Kinneir, Esq., Swindon

The Rev. T. A. Preston, Marl-
borough

The Rev. G. S. Master, West Dean, J. Farley Rutter, Esq., Mere

Salisbury

J. R. Shopland, Esq., Purton

Alex Mackay, Esq., Trowbridge H. J. F. Swayne, Hsq., Wilton.

Treasurer :

Financial Secretary :
Mr. William Nott, 15, High Street, Devizes.

LIST OF SOCIETIES, &C., IN UNION WITH THE

wiltshire Archeological and Alatural Bistory Society,

For interchange of Publications, Fe.

Society of Antiquaries of London.
Royal Archeological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland.
Society of Antiquaries of Scotland.
Royal Historical and Archeological Association of Ireland.
Kent Archzological Society.
Somersetshire Archeological Society.
Oxford Architectural and Historical Society.
Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club.
Essex Archeological Society.
Professor L. Jewitt.

Bath Antiquarian and Natural History Field Club.
Dr. F. V. Hayden, United States Geologist.
Watford Natural History Society.

Powysland Club.

Bristol Natural History Society.

Bristol and Gloucestershire Archeological Society.
Epping Forest and County of Essex Naturalists’ Field Club.
Berks Archeological and Architectural Society.
Bureau of Ethnology, Washington D.C. United States.

Feist of GLembers.

Life Members.

Bruce, Lord Charles, M.P., Wilton
House, Eaton Square, London, S.W.

Clarke, Henry M., 25, Mount St.
Grosvenor Square, London, W.

Duke, Rev. Edward, Lake House,
Salisbury [Bath

Ellis, Rev. J.H., Stourton Rectory,

Fitzmaurice, Rt. Hon. Lord E., M.P.,
Bowood

Foljambe, Cecil G. S., M.P., 2, Carl-
ton House Terrace, Pall Mall,
London, S.W.

Grove, Sir Thomas Fraser, Bart.,
Ferne, Salisbury [head

Hoare, Sir Henry A., Bart., Stour-

Holford, R. S., Weston Birt, Tetbury

Jackson, Rev. Canon, Leigh Dela-
mere, Chippenham

Lansdowne, the Most Hon. the
Marquis of, Bowood, Calne

Lowndes, E. C., Castle Combe, Chip-
penham

Lubbock, Sir J. W., Bart., M.P., 15,
Lombard Street, Tiondon, B.C.

Lushington, Godfrey, 16, Great Queen
Street, Westminster, London, 8. W.

Morrison, George, Hampworth Lodge,
Downton

Mullings, John, Cirencester

Neeld, Sir John, Bart., Grittleton,
Chippenham

Penruddocke, C., Compton Park,
Salisbury

Prior, Dr. R. C. A., 48, York Terrace,
Regent’s Park, London, N.W.

Selfe, H., Marten, Great Bedwyn

Shaftesbury, the Rt. Hon. the Earl
of, St. Giles’s, Cranbourne

Walmesley, Richard, Lucknam,
Chippenham

Wellesley, Lady Charles, Conholt
Park, Andover

Wyndham, the Hon. Percy, M.P.,
44, Belgrave Square, London, S.W,

Annual Subscribers.

Adderley, Library, Librarian of, Marl-
borough College

Ailesbury, the Most Hon. the Mar-
quis of, Savernake, Marlborough

Alexander, G., Westrop House,
Highworth [ Vicarage, Chippenham

Anketill, Rev. H. K. F., Seagry

Anstie, T. B., Devizes [Gloucestershire

Archer, Col. D., Fairford House,

Armstrong, F. A. W. T., Sunnybank,
Weston-Super-Mare

Arundell of Wardour, the Rt. Hon.
Lord, Wardour Castle, Tisbury,
Salisbury

Astley, H. E., Hungerford

Awdry, Rev. E. C., Kington St.
Michael, Chippenham

Awdry, Justly W., Melksham

Awdry, West, Monkton, Chippenham

'Awdry, Rev. W. H., Ludgershall,
Andover

Baker, T. H., Mere, Bath

Banks, Mrs. G. Linnzus, 122, Graham
Road, Dalston, London, E.

Barnwell, Rev. E. L., Melksham

Baron, Rey. J., D.D., F.S.A., the
Rectory, Upton Scudamore, War-
minster

Barrey, H. G., Devizes

Bateson, Sir T., Bart., M.P., 12,
Grosvenor Place, London, 8. W.

Bath, the Most Hon. the Marquis of,
Longleat, Warminster

Batten, John, Aldon, Yeovil

Bell, Rev. G. C., Marlborough College

Bell, W. Heward, Cleeve House,

Seend

Bennett, Rev. Canon F., Maddington,
Shrewton

Bennett, F. J.,M.D., Wilton,Salisbury

Bennett, W.S., Castlefield, Calne

Bethell, S., The Green, Calne

lv LIST OF MEMBERS.

Bingham, Rev. W. P. S., Berwick
Bassett, Swindon

Blackmore, Dr. H. P., Salisbury

Blake, F. A., 39, Market Place,
Salisbury

Bouverie, Rev. the Hon. B. P., M.A.,
Pewsey

Bouverie, the RightHon.H.P.,Market
Lavington

Bowes, J. I., M.B., Wilts County
Asylum, Devizes

Bradbourne, F. A.,Lyburn, Lyndhurst

Brewin, Robert, Cirencester

Bristol Museum and Library, Hon.
Sec. of, Queen’s Road, Bristol

Britton, Mrs. Helen, 39, Croydon
Grove, West Croydon, Surrey

Brodribb, Rev. W. J., Wootton
Rivers, Marlborough

Brown, H., Blacklands Park, Calne

Brown, Henry, Salisbury

Brown, James, South View, London
Road, Salisbury

Browne, Rev. E. Kenworthy, Darley
Chine, Bournemouth

Brown, W., Browfort, Devizes

Brown, W. R., Highfield, Trowbridge

Bryant, George R., Queenwood, Calne

Buchanan, Ven. Arch., Potterne

Buckley, Alfred, New Hall, Salisbury

Buckley, Rev. Felix J., Stanton St.
Quintin, Chippenham

Bull, H. F., Devizes

Bullock, William H., Pewsey

Burges, Rev. J. Hart, D.D., The
Rectory, Devizes

Bush, J. J., Hilperton Grange,
Trowbridge

Bush. J., 9, Pembroke Road, Clifton,
Bristol

Butt, Rev. W. A., Vicarage, Westbury

Caillard, C. F. D., Wingfield, Trow-
bridge

Cary, J., Steeple Ashton, Trowbridge

Carey, Rev. T., Fifield Bavant,
Salisbury

Chamberlaine, Rev. W. H., Keevil

Chandler, Thomas, Devizes

Chandler, T. H., Rowde, Devizes

Chandler, W., Aldbourne, Hungerford

Cholmeley, Rev. Canon C. Humphrey,
Dinton Rectory, Salisbury

Clark, Robert, Devizes

Clark, Major T., Trowbridge

Cleather, Rev. G. E., The Vicarage,
Cherrington, Devizes

Clifford, Hon. and Rt. Rev. Bishop,
Bishop’s House, Clifton, Bristol

Colborne, Miss, Venetian House,
Clevedon

Colfox, Thomas, Rax, Bridport

Colston, C. E. H. A., Roundway Park,
Devizes

Colwell, J., Devizes

Coward, Richard, Roundway, Devizes

Crawhall, Rev. S. J., Stratton St.
Margaret, Swindon

Crowdy, Rev. Anthony, Bankton,
Crawley Down, Crawley

Cunnington, H., Devizes

Cunnington, William, 37, Cold Har-
bour Lane, Brixton, London, 8.E.

Cunnington, W., jun., 61, Bedford
Road, Clapham, London, 8.W.

Curtis, C, W., Everley, Marlborough

Daniell, Rev. J. J., Langley Burrell,
Chippenham

Dear, George, Codford St. Peter, Bath

Dixon, 8. B., Pewsey

Dodd, Samuel, 27, Kentish Town
Road, London, N.W.

Dowding, Rev. W., Idmiston, Salis-
bury

Du Boulay, Rev. F. H., Heddington
Rectory, Calne

Eddrup, Rev. Canon E. P., Bremhill,
Calne

Edgell, Rev. E. B., Bromham, Chip-

enham

Edwards, Job, Amesbury ‘don

Elwell, Robert R., Highworth, Swin-

Errington, Most Rev. Archbishop,
Prior Park, Bath

Estcourt, G. T. J. Sotheron, M.P.,
Estcourt, Tetbury

LIST OF MEMBERS. v

Estcourt, Rev. W. J. B., Long
Newnton, Tetbury. [botts
Everett, Rev. E., Manningford Ab-
Ewart, Miss, 3, Morpeth Terrace,
Victoria Street, London, 8S.W
Ewart, Miss M., Broadleas, Devizes
Eyres, Edwin, Lacock, Chippenham
Eyre, G. E. The Warrens, Bram-
shaw, Lyndhurst
Hyre, G. KE. Briscoe, 59, Lowndes
Square, London, 8.W.

Finlay, Rev. E. B., The Lodge, Ave-
bury, Calne

Fisher, A. B., Court Hill, Potterne

Forrester, William, Malmesbury

Fuller, G. P., Neston Park, Corsham

Gabriel, C. W., Vale Lodge, Weston,
Bath

Gillman, C., Tresco Villa, Devizes

Goddard, Ambrose L., Swindon

Goddard, Rev. HK. H., Clyffe Pypard,
Wootton Bassett [Calne

Goddard, Rev. Canon F., Hilmarton,

Goddard, H. Nelson, Clyffe Pypard
Manor, Wootton Bassett

Godwin, J. G., 118, Grosvenor Road,
London, S.W.

Goldney, F. H., Rowden Hill, Chip-

enham

Goldney, Sir Gabriel, Bart., M.P.,
Beechfield, Chippenham

Gooch, Sir Daniel, Bart., M.P.,
Clewer Park, Windsor

Gore, Arthur, Melksham

Griffith, C. Darby, Padworth House,
Reading

Grindle, Rev. H. A. L., Devizes

Grose, Samuel, M.D., Melksham

Grove, Miss Chafyn, Zeals House,
Bath

Guise, Sir W., Bart., Elmore Court,
Gloucester

Gwatkin,R.G.,Manor House, Potterne

Gwillim, E. L., Marlborough

Haden, Joseph P., Hill View, Trow-
bridge

Hadow, Rev. G. R., Calstone Rectory,
Calne

Hall, Capt. Marshall, Hotel Victoria,
Montreux, Canton Vaud, Switzer-
land

Hancock, H. G. B. B., Standen, Chute
Standen, Andover

Harmer, G. H., Apsley Villa, Cir-
rencester

Hart, C. F., Devizes

Hartley, Rev. Alfred Octavius,
Steeple Ashton, Trowbridge

Hayward, Rev. S. C., Irvinestown,
Fermanagh, Ireland

Haywood, T. B., Woodhatch Lodge,
Reigate

Heard, Rev. T. J., The Rectory,
Sherrington, Codford, Bath

Henly. E. R., Calne

Heytesbury, The Right Hon. Lord,
Heytesbury

Highman, Frank, Salisbury

Highmore, Dr. N. J., Bradford-on-
Avon

Hitcheock, Dr. C., Fiddington,
Market Lavington

Hitchcock, C. K., M.D., M.A., The
Lunatic Hospital, Bootham, York

Hobhouse, Sir C. P., Bart., Monkton
Farley, Bradford-on-Avon

Hodgson, Rev. Canon J. D., The
Rectory, Collingbourne Ducis,
Marlborough

Hony, Rev. C. W., Bishops Cannings

Horsell, W. B. C., The Marsh,
Wootton Bassett

Hughes, Rev. J. H.

Hulbert, H. V., Great Cheverell

Hulse, Sir Edward, Bart., Breamore,
Hants [ Bassett

Humphries, A.R.,Fernbank, Wootton

Hussey, Mrs.H., The Close,Salisbury

Hutchings, Rev. Canon R. &.,
Alderbury, Salisbury

Hutchinson, Rev. T. N., Broad
Chalke Vicarage, Salisbury

Inman, Rev.E., West Knoyle Rectory,
Bath

vi LIST OF MEMBER6.

Jackson, Joseph, Devizes

Jacob, J. H., The Close, Salisbury

Jennings, J. 8. C., Abbey House,
Malmesbury

Jones, H. P., Portway House, War-
minster

Jones, Rev. Canon W. H. Rich,
Bradford-on-Avon

Jones, W. S., Malmesbury

Kemble, Mrs., Cowbridge House,
Malmesbury

Kemm, Thomas, Avebury

Kemm, W. C., Amesbury

Kenrick, Mrs., Keevil, Trowbridge

King, Rev. Bryan, Avebury

Kingdon, The Right Rev. Bishop,
Fredricton, New Brunswick

Kingsbury, Rev. Canon T.L., Kingston
Deverell, Warminster

Kinneir, H., Redville, Swindon

Kinneir, R., M.D., Sherborne

Kirwan, F. G., 1, Richmond Gardens,
Bournemouth

Lambert, Rev. R. U., Christchurch
Vicarage, Bradford-on-A von

Lansdown, G., Trowbridge

Lawrence, W.F., Cowsfield, Salisbury

Leach. R. V., Devizes Castle

Lewis, Harold, B.A., Mercury Office,
Bristol

Lloyd, Rev. John A., Broad Hinton
Vicarage, Swindon

Long, W. H., M.P., Rood Ashton,
Trowbridge

Long, Walter J., Preshaw House,
Bishops Waltham, Hants

Long, William, West Hay, Wrington,
R.S,0., Somerset

Ludlow, C. H., Baycliffe, Stoke Bis-
hop, Bristol

Lukis, Rev. W. C., Wath Rectory,
Ripon

Mackay, Alex., Trowbridge

Mackay. James, Trowbridge

Mackay, William, Trowbridge

Maclean, J. C., M.D., Swindon

Magrath, Col., Murhill, Bradford-on-
Avon

Malet, Sir A., Bart., K.C.B., 19,
Queensbury Road, London, S.W.

Manders, Neville, Marlborough

Mann, William J., Trowbridge

Marlborough College Nat. Hist.
Society, the President of

Marsh, John, Devizes

Maskelyne, E. Story, Hatt House,
Box, Wilts

Maskelyne, N. Story, F.R.S., M.P.,
Salthrop, Wroughton, Wilts

Master, Rev, G. S:, West Dean,
Salisbury

Matcham, William E., New House,
Salisbury

Mayo, John H., India Office, London

McNiven, Rev. C. M., Perrysfield,
Godstone, Surrey

Meade, Rev. de Courcy, Tockenham
Rectory, Swindon

Mead, Rev the Hon. S., Frankleigh
House, Bradford-on-Avon

Medlicott, H. E., Sandfield, Potterne

Meek, A., Hillworth House, Devizes

Meek, A. Grant, The Ark, Devizes

Merriman, HE. B., Marlborough

Merriman, R. W , Marlborough

Merriman, S. B, Philip Lane, Tot-
tenham, Middlesex

Methuen, Right Hon. Lord, Corsham
Court

Milburn, J., Highfield, Marlborough

Miles, Col. C. W., M.P.,Burton Hill,
Malmesbury

Mitchell, Arthur C., The Ridge,
Corsham

Morgan, W. F., Warminster

Morrice, Rev. Canon W. D., St.
Thomas’s Vicarage, Salisbury

Morris, W. Swindon

Mullings, Richard B., Devizes

Nelson, Right Hon. Earl, Trafalgar,
Salisbury

Nelson, Lady. Trafalgar, Salisbury

Nightingale, J. E., Wilton

LIST OF MEMBERS. vii

Normanton, the Right Hon. the Earl
of, 7, Prince’s Garden, Prince’s
Gate. London, S.W.

Nott, William, Devizes

Noyes, George, 11, Bassett Road,
Notting Hill, London, W.

Olivier, Rev. Canon Dacres, Wilton,
Salisbury

Olivier, Rev. H.A., St. Mary’s Lodge,
Ewshot, Farnham

Osborne, C. C., Salisbury Journal,

~ Salisbury

Palmer, George Ll., Trowbridge

Parfitt, Rt. Rev. Dr., Midford House,
Midford, Bath

Parsons, W.F., Hunt’s Mill, Wootton
Bassett

Paul, A. H., The Close, Tetbury

Pearman, W. J., Devizes

Pembroke and Montgomery, the Rt,

~ Hon.Earl, Wilton House, Salisbury

Penrose, Rev. J., Potterne, Devizes

Penruddocke, Rev. J. H., South
Newton Vicarage, Wilton

Perry Keene, Col. T., Minety House,
Malmesbury

Pinniger, Henry W., Westbury

Piper, J. H., North Wilts Herald,
Swindon

Plenderleath, Rev. W. C., Cherhill
Rectory, Calne _—

Ponting, C. E., Lockeridge Cottage,
Overton, Marlborough

Poore, Major R., Old Lodge, Newton
Toney, Salisbury

Porter, W. E. E., Portmore, Wey-
mouth —

Powell, Mrs. M. E.!Vere Booth,
Colewood Park, Cuckfield, Sussex

Preston, Rev. T. A.. Marlborough
College

Price, R. E., Broomfield Hall, Bridg-
water

Proctor, W , Elmhurst, Higher Erith
Road, Torquay

Prower, John Elton, Sissells, Purton

Radcliffe, C. H., Salisbury

Randell, J. A., Devizes

Ravenhill. W. W., 10, King’s Bench
Walk, Temple, London, E.C.

Read. C J., St. Thomas’s Square,
Salisbury

Richardson, H.,Marlborough College

Richmond, George, R. A., Potterne

Rigden, R. H., Salisbury

Robbins, Mills, Spitalcroft, Devizes

Rodway, E. B., Adcroft House, Trow-
bridge

Rogers, Walter Lacy, Rainscombe,
Marlborough

Rolls, John Allan, M.P., The Hendre,
Monmouth

Rutter, J. F., Mere, Bath

Rutter, John K., Mere, Bath

Sadler, S. C., Purton Court, Swindon

Sainsbury, Capt. C. HH: S., Bathford,
Bath

Salisbury, The Right Rev. The Lord
Bishop of, The Palace, Salisbury

Saunders, T. Bush; Bradford-on-Avon

Schomberg, Arthur, Seend, Melksham

Seymour, A., Knoyle House, Hindon

Seymour, Rev. C. F., Winchfield
Rectory, Hants

Short, Rev. W. F., The Rectory,
Donhead St. Mary, Salisbury

Vili LIST OF MEMBERS.

Shopland, James R., Purton, Swindon

Shum, F., Belcombe Brook, Bradford-
on-Avon

Shum, F. E., 3, Union Street, Bath

Simpson, George, Devizes

Skrine, H. D., Claverton Manor, Bath

Sloper, Edwin, Taunton

Sloper, G. E., Devizes

Sloper, S. W., Devizes

Smith, Mrs., Old Park, Devizes

Smith, Rev. A. C., Yatesbury, Calne

Smith, J. A., Market Place, Devizes

Soames, Rev. C., Mildenhall, Marl-
borough

Stancomb, J. Perkins, The Prospect,
Trowbridge

Stancomb, W., Blount’s Court, Pot-
terne

Staples, T. H., Belmont, Salisbury

Stevens, Joseph, 128, Oxford Road,
Reading

Stokes, D. J., Rowden Hill, Chip-
penham

Stokes, Robert, Burroughs Hill,
Laverstock, Salisbury

Stratton, Alfred, Rushall

Stratton, William, Kingston Deverill,
Warminster

Strong, Rev. A., St. Paul’s Rectory,
Chippenham

Strong, W., St. Paul’s Rectory,
Chippenham

Sturton, Rev. J., Woodborough Ree-
tory, Marlborough

Swayne, H. J. F., The Island, Wilton

Tadman, E. T., 11, St. James’s
Terrace, Regent’s Park, London
Tait, E. S., 54, Highbury Park,
London, N.

Talbot, C. H., Lacock Abbey, Chip-
penham

Tanner, R. P., Ogbourne Maizey,
Marlborough

Taylor, G. C.,M.D., Lovemead House,
Trowbridge

Taylor, S._ W., 12, Hyde Park
Gardens, London, W.

Thynne, Rey.A.B., Seend, Melksham

Toppin, Rey. G. Pilgrim, Broad Town
Vicarage, Wootton Bassett

Trotter, Rev. H., The Rectory,
Trowbridge

Tucker, Rev. G. Windsor, BurtonHill,
Malmesbury

Tucker, Silas, Spencer House, Lark-
hall Rise, Clapham, London, 8S. W.

Veysey, Rev. J., Purton, Swindon

Wadworth, H. A., Devizes
Wakeman, Herbert J., Warminster
Walker, Rev. R. Z., Boyton Rectory,

M. F., Greenham,
Newbury

Warre, Rev. Canon F., Vicarage,
Melksham

Waylen, G. S. A., Devizes

Waylen, R.,F., Balliol Col., Oxford

Wayte, Rev. W., 6, Onslow Square,
London, § W.

Weaver, Henry, Devizes

Webb, C. W. H., Trowbridge

Weller, Mrs. T., 22, Tamworth Road,
Croydon, Surrey

Were, Rev. HE. A., North Bradley
Vicarage, Trowbridge

Whinfield, Mrs. W. A., Woodleigh,
Bradford-on-Avon

Willis, F.M., The Cedars, Trowbridge

Wilson, J., M.A., Fair Lee, Rams-
den Road, Balham, London, S.W.

Winterscale, Col. J. F. M., Buckleigh,
Westward Ho

Wyld, Rev. C. N., St. Martin’s
Rectory, Salisbury

Wvld, Rev. Edwin G., Mere, Wilts

Wyndham, C. H., Wans,Chippenham

Yockney, A., Pockeridge, Corsham

Zillwood, F. W., Salisbury

By the Rev. Arthur P. Morres, Vicar of Britford. 131

on its back proved too much for it, and it never fully developed.
On December 7th I found another perfect moth out ; and on looking
at the remaining chrysalis found it nearly dead. It was rigid, and
extended to its full extent; and from the experience I had had with
the others I perceived that the moth must have been for some hours
trying to burst the shell, but could not manage it. It could only
just move the last segment of its tail, and was almost dead. I at
once took action. With a fine needle I very gently opened the
shell on the under side of the leg, which immediately burst out.
But the moth still remained helpless. I then freed the head, which
showed full vigour, as, on setting it down it began to drag itself
about, shell and all, but still it could not extricate itself. I then
tried to break the shell just below the thorax; and there I found
the mischief lay, for, directly I succeeded in loosing that, out popped
the moth at once, and ran up its stick and remained perfectly at
rest. For some time I feared the wings would not develop, but, on
putting it in front of the fire, so as to receive full warmth, they
began (o grow, and in less than half-an-hour they had attained their
full size. This was peculiarly gratifying, as I felt that I had
entirely saved the life of the insect; for I am certain that in
another half-hour it would have been smothered within the shell of
the chrysalis; and it turned out eventually to be one of the finest
moths I had obtained.

Thus, out of my eighteen chrysalides, I succeeded, notwithstanding
my absence at the most critical juncture, to hatch out eleven perfect
moths, three others had not been perfect in the pupe state, and I
did not expect to be successful with them; and only three actually
died—two of them, I believe, from the change of temperature
during my absence: and though the process entails a good deal of
care and trouble, it well rewards anyone who has a natural taste for
such things, as well as affording them the pleasure that is always
to be found in overcoming difficulties. I am sure anyone would
meet with the same success who followed the same tactics ; although
one cannot but allow that to be successful entails constant attention.

On writing to one of my friends, who is a very old and ardent
entomologist, he wrote me back saying, “I congratulate you on your

K 2

132 Some Notes on the Breeding of the Acherontia Atropos.

success in breeding Atropos, and think you have ‘ done wonders.’
My own experience, and that of my friends generally, has been
Failure. I have tried warmth, cool, and keeping them moderately
damp, all to no purpose.”

My own experience is that it wants only attention and common
sense. The chrysalis wants a warm and damp atmosphere ; supply
it persistently, and you will succeed; remembering, meanwhile,
that you have two great stumbling-blocks to contend against : lst,
the chilling them, and 2nd, allowing the case to get so hard from
want of moisture that they cannot break through it. This, now and
then, they will want a little help in; but it must be given very
judgematically and carefully, otherwise more harm than good will
ensue. A little thing will cause failure; but, barring accidents, for
which you must always prepare for a certain per-centage, success is
assured to the persevering.

I would add that the chrysalis will stand a very considerable
amount of heat, as on one occasion I found the moss was actually
steaming, from the fire having suddenly burnt up, but the pupz
received no harm from it.

On my showing some of the perfect insects to my gardener, who
had seen them through all their various stages as larve and pupe,
I said, “ Now could you have believed, if you had not seen it, that
those yellow grubs could ever have become transformed into such
perfectly different and handsome creatures?” To which he replied,
“No, Sir, that I could not, and I can scarcely believe my eyes as
it is!” ‘Well, then,” I could not help replying, “be ready to
believe this, that in the natural world, and still more in the spiritual,
there are more miraculous changes going on than we men wot of,
and that nothing is impossible to an Almighty and all-loving
Creator.”

H, F. BULL, Printer and Publisher, 4, Saint John Street, Devizes.

THE FOLLOWING

PUBLICATIONS OF THE SOGIETY

ARE NOW IN STOCK.

*,* A bye-law of the Committee determines “ that when any No.
of the Magazine is reduced to twenty copies, the price of such No.
be increased ; the price to be determined by the Librarian.”—10s.
each is now charged for such of the ordinary Numbers as are so
reduced, and £1 for the 4to “ Stonehenge.”

MAGAZINES.

No Copies: No. Copies.| No. Copies.
1 18 52 hp 93 | 45 its 84
2 rr 34 26 ait 96 | 46-7 (double No.) 21
4 a 41 27 wed ot LIS | AB aA 62.
5 54 | 28 ar 98 | 49 =: 6L
6 62 29 Peg a8 18) +. 55
9 m 10 | 30 ave 22 | 51 ae 64

10 te 1} 31 Shite 70 ) 52 5 68

12 oe 17 | 32 or 81 | 53 Sat 71

13 i 13 | 33 be 66 | 54. wi 66

14 ro 47 | 34 ony 82 | 55 is, 64

15 a 36 | 355 eat 54 | 56 ae 69

16 ae 59 | 36 a 69 | 57 As 54

tas: 61 | 37 aa 74 | 58 soe 70

18 nee 46 | 38 Ste 90 | 59 ag 71

19 ¥e 58 | 39 oF 76 | 60 ‘ie 78

20 ne 60 | 40 ci 72 | 61 bas 81

21 ec 53 | 41 ee 58 | 62 a 84

22 he 65 | 42 ie 53 | 63 at 89

23 sie 78 | 43 A 68 |

24 ate 77 | 44 pe 76 ;

* WittsHirE Coniections,” AUBREY AND JACKSON... 124
“ Account oF Biackmorg Museum,” Part I. on 83

a 3 - yl, aa 56
_ “STONEHENGE AND ITs Barrows,” (being No. 46-7
of the Mag., in special covers) is Ato ion 16

2 eh) 33 33

AGENTS

FOR THE SALE OF THR

WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE,

Bath sso... seit R. E. M. Pzacu, Bridge Street.

U2) RR James Fawn & Son, 18 Queen’s Road.
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Marlborough ...... E. & R. A. Lucy, Post Office.

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H. F. BULL PRINTER, DEVIZES.

=> 78 RUG1380

o. LXV. JULY, 1885. Vor, XXII. ‘

THE |
WILTSHIRE
} Archeological ant Batwal Bistory
7 MAGAZINE, |)
Published unver the Direction
SOCIETY FORMED IN THAT COUNTY, :
|

DEVIZES:

PRINTED AND SoLp FoR THE Society By H. F. Butt, Sam Jonn Sreeet.
> a

—ss~Prive ‘58. 6d.—Mombers Gratis. a

Goh adh AR ar der ROR een ha Se a WE i ine hs Sey YE i

NOTICE TO MEMBERS.
Members who have not paid their Subscriptions to the Society for
the current year, are requested to remit the same forthwith to
the Financial Secretary, Mr. Witt1am Nort, 15, High Street,
Devizes, to whom also all communications as to the supply
of Magazines should be addressed, and of whom most of the
back Numbers may be had.
The Numbers of this Magazine will not be delivered, as issued,
to Members who are in arrear of their Annual Subscriptions,
and who on being applied to for payment of such arrears, have
taken no notice of the application.
All other communications to be addressed to the Honorary Secre-
taries: the Rev. A. C. Smirn, Yatesbury Rectory, Calne;
and H. E. Mepticorr, Esq., Sandfield, Potterne, Devizes.

The Rev. A. C. SmirxH will be much obliged to observers of birds
in all parts of the county, to forward to him notices of rare
occurrences, early arrivals of migrants, or any remarkable facts
connected with birds, which may come under their notice.

To be published by the Wiltshire Archeological and Natural History
Society.

THE FLORA. OF WHER

BY THE REV. T. A. PRESTON, ie

The Author will be glad if any who could assist him with a list of plants
in their several localities would kindly communicate with him. Early information
is particularly desired. Address—Rev. T. A. Preston, The Green, Marl-
borough.

Also, now in the Press, a reprint of the

Guide to the British and Aoman Antiquities of
the Atorth Wiltshire Downs,

In a Hundred Square Miles round Abury; being a Key to the

Large Map of the above.
BY THE REV. A. C. SMITH, M.A.

YS eee

WILTSHIRE
Atrheolagiral ant Batural Bistory

MAGAZINE.

No. LXV. JULY, 1885. Vo. Sucrt,
| Contents,
: PAGE
AccouNT OF THE THIRTIETH GENERAL MEETING, aT SHAFTESBURY 133
CraNBORNE CHasE : By the Rev. Canon J. E. Jackson, F.S.A. ...... 148

SKETCH OF THE GEOLOGY OF THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF SHAFTESBURY:
By the Rev. T. Perkins, M.A., Head Master of Shaftesbury School .., 174

“On Gnostic Amutets,”: By the Rev. W. F. Short ...............cccee8 182
ON THE OccURRENCE OF SOME OF THE Rarer SPECIES oF BIRDS

IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF SALisBuRY: Bythe Rev. A. P. Morres,

Macar ot Brittord (Comterered ) 3.05... cckesecsssescscsccconcdevaccdsecoacecsaces 191
ExTRacTs FROM THE REcORDS OF THE WILTSHIRE QUARTER SESSIONS

(Continued) : Communicated by R. W. Merriman, Clerk of the Peace 212
Notes oN UNDESCRIBED ARTICLES IN THE STOURHEAD COLLECTION,

IN THE CoUNTY MUSEUM AT DEVIZES .............cccsessscesccssevsencas 232
Extracts From A Notre Buor: By Sir B.C. Hoare ......cccscssescee ees 234
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Bley Gf Cranborne Chase... sci vsssacdsccnssaastdasyenene 149
Harry Good, the Deer-hunter of Cranborne Chase, and
POROU ceeGME OU Eile ous do tmsuivensd dyn satuanwn aos. cacrcs 160
Fac-simile of Posteript in fasideaiting of Chief Justice
! Paper, Oatabor, 1GOG © :,....20.scsescecsdecacccsececects 222
; Small Urn, from Winterbourne Stoke Down ............ 232
: Bone Pin, from Winterbourne Stoke Down ........ oe 233
DEVIZES :

H. F. But, 4, Saint Joun STREET.

~« — #) t 7
Prec Le oa p : - > 4
+I 08 eed its ees

Tc irokd ogg gemagdaaly! a: a a
‘ee Paes:

‘
t

WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE.

“MULTORUM MANIBUS GRANDE LEVATUR ONUS.’—Ovid.

THE THIRTIETH GENERAL MEETING

OF THE

Wiltshire Archeological anv Natural History Society,
HELD AT SHAFTESBURY,
Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday, August 6th, 1th, and 8th,
1884.

GmaHE above Society met at Shaftesbury this year, and had a
most enjoyable meeting, to which the magnificence of the
Feather contributed not a little, while the programme offered at-
tractions of no ordinary kind in the beautiful drives through rich
vales and over high downs in the extreme south-western portion of
our county, much of which had never been visited by the Society,

and other portions a long time ago ; for three-and-twenty years have
elapsed since the Members were congregated at Shaftesbury in 1861,
under the presidency of Mr. Sotheron Estcourt; and then the
excursions took different directions to those selected on the present
occasion.

The general meeting was held at the Town Hall, and was nu-
merously attended, the room being well filled with the archeologists
who annually attend these meetings, supplemented with a good
contingent of ladies and gentlemen from the town and neighbour-
hood of Shaftesbury. The President, Mr. Nevit Story Masketynz,
M.P., who was on the point of leaving England for the United States
of America, and could only spare one day’s absence from London,
took the chair at about three o’clock, and opened the proceedings
by calling on one of the Secretaries (the Rey. A. C. Smirn) to read
VOL. XXII.—-NO. LXV. L

134 The Thirtieth General Meeting.

THE REPORT,

which that gentlemen did, as follows :—

“The Committee of the Wiltshire Archzological and Natural
History Society has once more the satisfaction of recording the
general well-being of the Society, and of congratulating its Members
on its continued prosperity. The number of names now on the
books amount to three hundred and sixty-six, and though this is a
very slight decrease since this time last year, in reality the numbers
even now stand higher than in all, save four or five, of the years
during which the Society has been in existence. We have, how-
ever, to lament the loss by death of several old and valued friends,
among whom we should especially mention the late Dr. Southby,
of Bulford, near Amesbury, and the late Rev. Samuel Littlewood,
Vicar of Edington, near Westbury, both of whom were original
Members, as also the late Rev. J. Knight, Vicar of Heytesbury,
who joined the Society in 1856; nor may we pass over the name of
the late Mr. J. E. Brine, who, as Mayor of Shaftesbury on the
occasion of our former visit to this town, in 1861, gave us every
assistance in his power, and contributed in no slight degree to the
success of the Meeting. Moreover, he had been a member of our
Society ever since, and had attended several of our Annual Meetings.

‘* As regards our financial position, there is a balance in favour of
the Society in Consols and cash of £237 12s., and though this is a
little less than we had last year the deficiency is easily accounted
_ for, as there was no balance passed to the Society’s account as usual
from the Annual Meeting of last year, which was held at Andover.!
There had also been certain extraordinary expenses in regard to the
furniture of the Society’s library at Devizes, entailed by the acquisi-
tion of books from the Stourhead sale.

“ With regard to the work of the Society, two more Numbers of
the Magazine have been issued within the last twelve months, of
whose merits it does not become the Editor to speak, though he
would heartily thank those gentlemen who have contributed to its

1 Since the Report was read, a small balance has been passed over to the
Treasurer, by the Secretary of the Meeting at Andover.

Report. 135

pages, and especially he desires again to offer his warmest thanks
to Canon Jackson, without whose valuable help he would oftentimes
be at a sad loss. The last Number, just now published, scarcely yet,
perhaps, in the hands of some of the Members, is No. 63, and com-
pletes the Twenty-First Volume.

“The museum and library of the Society have been enriched by
sundry contributions from many friends, among which should be
especially mentioned samples for comparison of flint implements
and bones from the celebrated bone caves of Mentone, and which
were most kindly brought from the South of France, especially for
our museum, by Mr. and Mrs. Caillard. Of discoveries afield the
Committee has but little to report during the last year. One in-
teresting excavation of an early British pit was, however, made by
Mr. Henry Cunnington in the neighbourhood of Beckhampton, in
North Wilts. There was also a find of twelve large metal dishes,
unquestionably Roman, discovered on Manton Down, on the estate
of Sir Henry Meux, and now in that gentleman’s possession. So
far, then, as regards the work of the Society during the last twelve
months and its present position.

“ Perhaps it may not be out of place to say on this, the thirty-
second anniversary of the Society’s existence, that as years roll on
the work for which it was founded still seems to increase, and de-
mands attention on all sides. So far from a falling off in the
material for the Magazine, which some apprehended, the contribu-
tions to its pages rather increase in number, so that at times the
Editor has some difficulty in keeping pace with the supply; while
on the other hand it may confidently be asserted that these pleasant
annual gatherings of the Society for the exploration of all parts of
the county become more and more popular every year.

‘It remains only to impress once more upon the Members of the
Society how essential to our success is their constant co-operation,
and how much each may do in his own sphere and neighbourhood
to advance the objects we all have at heart, viz., the preservation of
the memorials of past ages and the elucidation of the Natural History
as well as the past history of our county.”

The Rev. Canon Jackson moved the adoption of the report,

L 2

136 The Thirtieth General Meeting.

which was seconded by the Rev. W. P. S. Bryeuaw, and carried
unanimously.

The re-election of the various officers of the Society was then
proposed from the chair, and the General and Local Secretaries, the
Curators, the Committee, the Treasurer, and the Auditors, were re-
appointed.

The Rev. A. C. Surru proposed that the name of the Rev. H.
A. Olivier be added to the list of Vice-Presidents: that gentleman
had done excellent work for the Society as one of the Curators of
the Museum, but had now left the county; he would, however,
occasionally attend their meetings, and it was the wish of the
Committee that his services should be recognized by the compliment
of placing him among: the Vice- Presidents. Mr. Smiru also moved
that Mr. A. B, Fisher, of Potterne, near Devizes, be formally
elected Curator in the place of Mr. Olivier: Mr. Fisher had been
occupying the post of one of the Curators since Mr. Olivier resigned,
nearly a year ago; and it was fitting that, according to the rules,
the Meeting should now confirm the provisional appointment by the
Committee. Both these propositions were acceded to, and Tug
Presipent then gave his

ADDRESS.

Having expressed regret that General Pitt-Rivers had not been
prevailed upon ‘to occupy the chair, THz PrestpENT passed on to
remark that he should like to take the opportunity of drawing their
attention to the circumstances under which their annual meeting
took place, and ask them to consider whether their present custom
of meeting every year at some new centre of archzological interest
might not with advantage be revised. Their Society had published
annual volumes, many of which were so rich in archeological and
other material as to give them a place of no small importance in
the literature of the subjects on which they treated. Topographical
descriptions, including architectural detail, and the results of archa-
ological research in archives and documents, abounded in the pages
of their journal, and constituted it a sort of quarry from which any
historian of Wiltshire might dig material for the building up of any

Address. 137

complete work. Need he illustrate that by reminding them of the
many and most valuable contributions to their pages made by their
honoured member, the Rev. Canon Jackson? And: how important
some of these topographical monographs were would occur to any-
one who turned his thoughts to the admirable papers that had been
written on some of the mysterious problems bequeathed to them—
the men of the historical age—by the unknown builders of Avebury
and Stonehenge. In so far as these various descriptions, as well of
buildings as of other objects equally interesting, had inspired the
Society with the desire to visit and inspect the objects themselves,
the Association had certainly fulfilled, and was annually fulfilling,
one of the great purposes tor which it was founded. But the
archeological interest attaching to localities could, even in Wiltshire,
be, after a time, exhausted, for the places that Association visited
in a three days’ ramble covered an appreciable space on a county
map, and, when the whole map had been filled up, it had been
found necessary for the Association to step over the county border
and draw honey from flowers that grew in neighbouring counties,
as that day they did in what had been called the garden of England
—Dorsetshire. He would ask whether it would not be better to
hold their Meetings less frequently, to make them biennial, or
possibly triennial, and to announce for a considerable time in ad-
vance the locality at which the next assembling of the Association
should take place, and so to invite a more detailed scrutiny of some
of the objects most worth studying in the district to be visited.
How much there was to be seen and studied in this minute way in
any locality, even in a single parish, it needed only a glance at
their Secretary’s admirable work—the hundred square miles round
Avebury—to render evident. He was sure the Society would lament at,
and condolewith itsSecretary and his cod/aborateursat Marlborough on,
the great loss that archeology sustained in the destruction by fire of the
greater part of the impression of that important book. He hoped the
patriotism of the county would render possible a new edition rising
from the ashes of the old one. It might be well if in their future
Meetings an organised and thoroughly scholar-like study of one or
a few important objects could be arranged for some time beforehand

138 The Thirtieth General Meeting.

to which one of their days might be devoted, while on another day
of their Meeting their rambles might, as hitherto, range over a
wider and less minutely studied field. And, probably, if their
Meetings were biennial, instead of annual, they would be not less
appreciated than at present, and an even wider circle of friends of
archeology would feel their attraction.

Tue Presipent then proceeded to make some observations on the
river Thames in its relation to public navigation—a subject with
which, he said, his public duties in the House of Commons had
recently brought him into contact, and which, while not being
altogether severed from their county of Wiltshire in its topographic
interests, presented some points of an historical and antiquarian value
that might justify him in briefly laying it before them. For the Thames
was, if not the oldest, at least, one of the oldest, highways in the
nation. In thé course of his remarks he said it was no wonder that
on a river of no larger dimensions than the Thames there should
have been an early contest between the owners of the water mills on its
banks and the navigating population, as to which had priority in the
use of the river, and which was to subordinate his interest in it to
that of his rival. But the river was there before the mill, and the
invention of boats was assuredly more ancient than that of water
wheels, and that this was the view of the earliest legislation we met
with on the subject was borne out by the fact that we found every other
interest on the river compelled by the laws for centuries to bend to
that of navigation, dating back to times far anterior to the Conquest.
It was not till comparatively recent centuries, that the mill dam and
weir were found by deepening the water above them to be an assistance
instead of an obstruction to navigation, and that the owners of what
had been, or had originated in, impediments were permitted to take
toll from passing barges and boats in return for assistance rendered
apparently in hauling them up through the rapid water at the point
where a weir held up the river. During the last two centuries the
mill-owner again became an object of legislation, which stepped in to
regulate his exactions in the shape of toll, and ultimately to bring
up his claims. But the payment for aid to the navigation rendered
by the riparian proprietor dated back in another form to a very

PRES ee

eS FL.

ies

The Opening Meeting. 139

early time. The Abbot of Abingdon, in pre-Norman times exacted
a toll of one hundred herrings at Lent-tide from the men who carried
on the traffic between Oxford and London, and this toll was well
deserved, for it was in recognition of a bit of engineering carried
out by the Abbot in cutting off a loop of shallow water in the
Thames by a channel more practicable for navigation.

Speaking of the great roads of England as they existed in Saxon
times in conjunction with her great rivers, Tum Presipenr mentioned
that the ancient Roman road that went to Silchester from the west
passed through Streatley, the record of which was still retained in
its name, while in Saxon times the Icknield Way crossed the Thames
at the ancient town of Wallingford, where afterwards there stood a
royal castle on the site of an earlier Roman, and possibly, too, a
British stronghold, the circumvallatious of which remain. An in-
teresting link between our own county and the pass cut by the Thames
through the chalk downs below Wallingford was the fact that the
ancient Ridgeway, familiar to everyone who traversed Hackpen Hill
or skirted the downs under Barbury Castle or the hill of the White
Horse, came down upon the Thames also in this neighbourhood,
possibly in British times, crossing the river to the west of the grand
old British castle of Sinodun, the long mounds of which still crowned
the isolated boss of chalk round which the Thames winds near to the
place where in after days the religious metropolis of Mercia had its
seat, in Dorchester at the junction of the Thame, and Thames.
Here the river was then the boundary between the Saxon kingdoms
of Wessex and Mercia, even as it still forms the junction line at once
of manors, parishes, and counties from Lechlade to the sea. In fact
it was only in Wiltshire that it could be said to belong to a single
county, though in many places the boundary of the county of Berks
was found just including the left bank of the river.

At its conclusion, Mr. H. J. F. Swayne proposed a vote of thanks
to the President for his excellent address, and having referred to the
fact that Mr. Story Maskelyne is the Chairman of a Parliamentary
Committee, expressed a hope that he would follow up the observa-
tions he had made with some active measures. In regard to the
President’s remarks on the meetings of the Society, he himself was

140 The Thirtieth General Meeting.

of opinion that the Society had been in the habit of attempting to
do too much at them, and he thought the observations of the
President should be taken into serious consideration.

Mr. H. E. Mepticorr seconded the vote of thanks to the Presi-
dent, and said that as to the question of making a change, as was
suggested, in regard to the Meetings, he was of opinion that there
was something to be said on both sides.

Tuer PresipENT, after acknowledging the compliment paid him,
said he was now called upon to perform a very pleasing duty, viz.,
the presentation to the Rev. A. C. Smith of a handsome album (in
a beautiful case of olive wood from the Holy Land and Egypt),
containing an illuminated complete list of those who subscribed
towards a piece of plate for his daughter on the occasion of her
marriage. Thealbum also contained a copy of an address presented to
Mr. and Mrs. Smith by the Members of the Society on that occasion.
He was sure that all who knew the young lady (Mr. Smith’s only
daughter) took a warm interest in her, and he did not think that
there was anyone in that room who knew her who would not
appreciate, not only the motive, but the sentiment that actuated
everyone who subscribed to give her some little memorial of her
father’s work. In a word it was felt that to her such a memorial
would be the most welcome as a record of the value put by his
neighbours on one, whose worth as her father—with whom all her
life had been, so far, spent—was written in love in her heart. That
day he had an opportunity most cordially of thanking, in the name
of everyone present, he was sure, Mr. Smith for the enormous
amount of labour, intelligence, geniality, and patient continuance
in working in their cause, and he might say for the public spirit he
had shown through so many long years. He believed that Mr.
Smith had done more than anyone else to bring the Society into
the world, and he did not think that since it had been born there
was anyone who had so fostered it, fed it, worked for it, clothed it,
and done everything for it that could be done to bring it to the
admirable position of vitality which it now enjoyed. He was sure
that no one had contributed to their success in the way that their
genial and hard-working friend had.

The Anniwwersary Dinner. 141

The Rzv. A. C. Smita attempted to reply, but was unable, from
emotion, to do so at first. Subsequently, however, he did so, and
having acknowledged the gift to his daughter and to himself, he
remarked that during the time that the Society had existed he had
received nothing but the greatest possible kindness from one and
all the Members. He felt very grateful for the kind words uttered
by the President, which went home to his heart.

The Rev. J. Brunt Witxinson (Rector of Holy Trinity and
St. Peter’s) then read a paper on “ The Ancient History of Shaftes-
bury,” which was, in fact, the paper written by his predecessor, the
Rev. J. J. Reynolds, in 1861, and a very able paper it is. At its
conclusion Canon Jackson was invited to make some remarks, and
he expressed his complete disagreement with the opinion set forth
in that paper, that King Alfred marched his troops to Shaftesbury
from Aiglea just before the battle of Ethandun, his object un-
doubtedly having been to attack the Danes as speedily as possible.

At the conclusion of the Meeting, many of the visitors to
Shaftesbury rambled over the town, visiting the old abbey wall,
the Churches, an old house, once the abode of an Arundell, with
panelled walls and imposing mantlepieces, and above all to the
commanding prominence known as Castle Hill, at the extreme
point of which appear to be the remains of an ancient camp, pro-
tected on three sides by abrupt precipices, and on the town side by
what appears to be the remains of a ditch of considerable breadth.

THE ANNIVERSARY DINNER

took place at the Grosvenor Arms Hotel, when the room was com-
pletely filled by a large company of ladies and gentlemen, for
whose benefit a haunch of venison had been liberally sent by Mr.
and Mrs. Alfred Seymour, of Knoyle House. Tue Presipent of the
Society occupied the chair, and the usual loyal and complimentary
toasts were given, Canon Giynn responding for the “ Bishop and
Clergy” ; Lorp ArunDELL or Warpovr for the “ Lords Lieutenants
and Magistrates of the two counties of Wilts and Dorset”; Mr.
Fane Benerr Stayrorp for “The Army”; the Mayor or SHaFrrzs-
Bory for the “ Municipal Authorities of the Town ” ; the several

142 The Thirtieth General Meeting.

Officers of the Society for themselves; the Ruv. T. Perxrns for the
“Secretaries to the Meeting,” of which he proved himself a most
energetic and hard-working Officer, and to whom the admirable
arrangements are especially due; and lastly, Mr. Gorpon SoamEs
for “ The Ladies.”

The Conversazione at the Town Hall did not begin till nine
o’clock, when Canon Jackson read a most interesting paper on
“Cranborne Chase,” wherein be described the strong and oppressive
forest laws as they affected those who (unfortunately for themselves)
lived within the area of the ‘‘ Chase,” and told of the gentlemen
hunters and their method of pursuing the deer, and of the poachers
and their plan of securing their prey, and illustrated his tale with
several specimens of ancient dress and head-piece, as well as fowling-
piece and sword, all of which were lent for the occasion by Mr. C.
Penruddocke, of Compton.

At the conclusion of the paper, which was listened to with ex-
traordinary interest by the Meeting, Tur Presrpent offered hearty
thanks to the Canon, and said that he had never attended one of
these Meetings without having to thank Canon Jackson for an
archeological treat.

The Rev. A. C. Sura said that, as Mr. Story Maskelyne must
return to town the following morning, and could not accompany
them on the excursions, he desired to offer him the special thanks
of the Society for coming down—he feared at great inconvenience
to himself—and presiding over them that day.

Mr. H. E. Mepticorr seconded the vote of thanks, and THE
PresipENT acknowledged the compliment, and having wished the
Society pleasant journeys for the next two days, took leave of
the Members. ;

The Rev.-T. Perxrys then explained certain details in the ar-
rangements for the following day’s excursion, and the company
proceeded to-an adjoining room, where tea and coffee had been
provided by the kind hospitality of the Mayor and Corporation of
Shaftesbury.

THURSDAY, AUGUST 71x.
At nine o’clock five or six breaks, containing some sixty-five

Thursday, August 7th. 143

archeologists, attended by several private carriages, increasing the
number to about ninety, started from the Town Hall on the ex-

eursion to Fonthill, Knoyle, and Wardour. Skirting “ King’s

Settle,” but not halting there, the archzologists first visited ‘Castle

Rings,” a large circular camp, probably of British origin, though

afterwards occupied by the Romans and Saxons, surrounded by a
deep ditch and high bank, now unfortunately hidden by a thick

growth of bushes and underwood. Here the Rev. W. F. Suort,
_ Rector of Donhead St. Mary, met the party, and exhibited a flint
seraper and several other flint implements and flakes which had
been found in that immediate locality. The next halt was at an
excavation just made by Mr. Benett Stanford on what some con-
jectured to be a barrow, and certainly the ashes disclosed and a
piece of rough walling betokened the probable existence of a cairn,
but nothing decisive could be pronounced upon it without farther
examination with the spade. A pretty drive down the hill brought
the excursionists to Tisbury Church, where they were met by the
Vicar, the Rev. F. E. Hurcminson, who most courteously con-
ducted them over the building, pointed out the chief objects of
interest there, especially the roofs of the nave and aisles, and then
led the way to the vicarage, where many treasures of antiquity were -
displayed, more especially a very early edition of Shakspeare’s Plays,
a rare family tree, &c., &. Light refreshments were also provided
by the hospitality of Mr. and Mrs. Hutchinson. After thanking
their kind entertainers, the archwologists drove to Fonthill Abbey,
the remains of the famous and most costly seat of the eccentric but
clever author of “ Vathek,” now the property of Sir Michael
Shaw-Stewart. Next to the beautiful seat of Mr. Alfred Morrison,
at Fonthill Gifford, where the owner kindly welcomed the party,
and threw open for their inspection his extraordinary. collection of
Oriental china, as well as the artistic treasures of priceless value, for
which Fonthill is renowned. Then by Berwick St. Leonard and
Hindon, once a town of considerable repute in Wiltshire, now a
humble and very retired village, to Knoyle House, where the

archeologists were splendidly entertained at luncheon by Mr. and
Mrs, Alfred Seymour, and where again art-treasures of no common

144 The Thirtieth General Meeting.

order and pictures of no ordinary merit were displayed. After
luncheon our excursionists lingered on the lawn and gardens for
half-an-hour, and then the Rev. A. C. Sirs having in the name
of the Society thanked Mr. and Mrs. Seymour for their extreme
hospitality and kindness, and Mr. Seymour having assured his guests
of the pleasure their visit had given them, the Secretaries’ whistle
summoned the party to the carriages, and a short drive brought
them to Pyt-house, where Mr. Fane Benetr StanrorD was ready to
receive and conduct them through his house, and especially directed
their attention to a considerable number of autograph letters from
Charles I, to Prince Rupert, which had been accidentally discovered
some years since in an old chest. Mr. Benett Stanford also pointed
out an interesting portrait of John Locke, when a young man, another
of Francis I. by Albert Diirer, and others of Prince Rupert, King
Charles, &. He then conducted the party to Hatch House, but a
few hundred yards away. This was the original seat of the Hyde
family ; and though now occupied as a farm-house, is carefully
preserved and protected from injury. After hearty expressions of
gratitude to Mr. Benett Stanford for his courtesy, the archzologists
next proceeded to Wardour Castle, where they were kindly received
by Lord and Lady Arundell, and entertained with tea, coffee, ices,
and other refreshments. Lorp ARUNDELL personally led the party
through the house, and pointed out in every room the principal
pictures, of which there is a very fine and large collection; the state
bedroom in which King Charles slept when at Wardour; the
celebrated “ Glastonbury Cup,” or Peg Tankard, of the sixteenth
century; last, but by no means least, the beautiful and richly
ornamented chapel, &c., &c. At the conclusion of the visit, the
Rev. A. C. Suir expressed, on behalf of the Members, their
hearty thanks to Lord and Lady Arundell for the great courtesy as
well as hospitality with which they had been received; and then
they drove on to the ruins of Wardour Castle, from whose picturesque
ivy-covered walls and the shady lawns which surround this charming
spot, it was somewhat difficult for the Secretaries’ whistle to dislodge
them. There had been so much to see in the day’s excursion, and
the brilliant warm weather had so conduced to lingering, that it

— ae

Friday, August 8th. 145

was too late to visit the Donheads on returning ; and it was not till
past eight o’clock that the excursionists returned to Shaftesbury,
thoroughly delighted with the day’s work.

A conversazione was held in the Grammar School, by kind per-
mission of the Rev. T. Perkins, the Head Master: but it was past
nine o’clock before, on the motion of the Secretary, the Rrv. Canon
Jackson was called to the chair, which he occupied in his usual
happy manner. Two very interesting papers were read, one by the
Rev. T. Perkins, on the “Geology of the Neighbourhood of
Shaftesbury,” the other by the Rev. W. F. Sxorz, on “ Gnostic
Amulets.”

At the conclusion of these papers, Canon Jackson thanked the

authors of them for the great interest they had severally created in
their respective subjects. And then, as this was the concluding
Meeting during the stay of the Society at Shaftesbury, he proceeded
to express the gratitude of the Members to the inhabitants of
Shaftesbury for the reception which had been given them; more
especially to the Mayor and the Corporation for the refreshments
_ they had provided on the previous evening, and to Mr. Perkins for
similar hospitality that evening. The Rev. A. C. Smira moved a
special vote of thanks to Canon Jackson for presiding over them in
the absence of their President; and then the company adjourned to
the garden, where Mr. Perkins’ big telescope was erected in an
observatory, and here for an hour or more some still lingered, en-
joying the rare treat of a view of the moon through a powerful
telescope, adjusted for them by a competent astronomer.

FRIDAY, AUGUST 8ru.

Very nearly the same company, and as nearly as possible in the
same numbers, filled the breaks in the Market Place at 9, a.m., and
immediately drove without any halt over the tremendous hill which
intervened till they dropped down on the romantic village of Tollard
Royal, nestled in a sequestered combe beneath the overhanging
downs. The Church at Tollard Royal was visited, the most in-
teresting feature in which was the mailed effigy of a cross-legged
knight. Here Mr. Swayne came to the front, and described the

146 The Thirtieth General Meeting.

peculiarity of the coat of armour, which was of banded chain, or
chain mail armour with bands across it at short intervals. Nothing
certain is known of the monument, though its date was fixed at the
end of the twelfth century. Mr. Swayne conjectured, from the
device on the shield, that it might be the tomb of one of the
Herberts. The modern east window of the north aisle also called
forth considerable interest, as it commemorated the death of Mrs.
Arbuthnot, who was killed by lightning in Switzerland on her
wedding tour, within a few weeks of her marriage in that Church:
nor less touching was the simple wooden cross brought home from
the Alps, where the peasants had erected it on the spot where the
catastrophe occurred, when it was replaced by another in marble.
At Tollard Royal Generat Pitt-Rivers met the excursionists,
and from this point that accomplished archeologist took the party
in tow, and acted as their cicerone. First he conducted them through
Cranborne Chace to the “ Larmer Grounds,” a pretty pleasure-
ground where a stone marked the boundaries of three parishes, and
those of two counties; and where the remains of an old tree showed
the spot where King John is said to have held a court, and which
was not improbably a dividing line and a meeting-place of the tribes
in much earlier times. Then a drive of two miles brought them.to
the museum at Farnham—a museum which General Pitt-Rivers
described as agricultural as well as archzological, and as intended
for the instruction and pleasure of the villagers around, and which
he had formed and filled and arranged with that object in view, the
collection consisting principally of models and specimens of all kinds
of ancient and modern implements, tools, dresses, furniture, pottery,
flint knives, &c., from widely-scattered nations and from all times.
Every article was clearly labelled, and even little maps accompanied
many of the articles, to show the locality whence they derived their
origin. From the museum the party drove straight to Rushmore
Lodge, alighting for a few moments, when within the grounds of
the park, to see some barrows which Gen. Pitt-Rivers had opened,
and the exact position of the several interments, which he had most
ingeniously shown by means of concrete, with hollows of the shape
and size of the several cists, and where the several heaps of burnt

Friday, August 8th. 147

bones or urns lay, whether of the primary or secondary inter-

‘ments.

Arrived at the house, General Pitt-Rivers first called attention to
a number of half-finished querns which were deposited on the lawn,
and which he had excavated from the famous Pen Pits. That place
he had carefully examined by cutting sections through it, and the
result was he was convinced they were not habitations, as had been
suggested by some, but simply quarries for querns.

The archeologists were now entertained at a very acceptable
luncheon, to which the long morning’s drive, and the extreme heat
of the sun much pre-disposed them. At its conclusion, the Rrv.
A. C. Suiru rose, and, in the name of the Society, thanked General
and Mrs. Pitt-Rivers for their welcome hospitality. He had not
only, however; to express their acknowledgments for bodily refresh-
ments, but also for the archeological treat which General Pitt-
Rivers had given them. He must say of the museum at Farnham,
that amongst all the archzxological meetings which he had attended,
he had never seen anything which pleased him more than that
excellent museum ; calculated, as it was, to instruct, not only those
who were addicted to antiquarian pursuits, but also those who were
uneducated and untravelled. GzneraL Pirr-Rivers, in a few
graceful words, welcomed the Society and acknowledged the com-
pliment, and then led the way to the billiard room, where the walls

were hung with diagrams of camps and barrows, and with large

maps of the district, the table being covered with urns, flint im-
plements, bones, and metal fragments, &c., and then the General

_ explained in detail some of the excavations he had made; now of a

camp on Winklebury Hill, where a second area, partially protected

__ by diagonal mounds and trenches, outside the camp itself, seemed

to indicate the refuge for flocks and herds in times of danger:
and again of British barrows and pit-dwellings, and other memorials
of early times. Nor did the courtesy of General Pitt-Rivers end
here, but when the archzologists went on their homeward way, he
accompanied them to the top of Winklebury, and pointed out the

3 several objects he had dilated on, the arrangement of this remarkable

| camp and the pit-dwellings and the barrows,

148 Cranborne Chase.

From this point the Members separated on their homeward routes,
having enjoyed thoroughly one of the most pleasant of the annual
Meetings, and having been favoured with a brillianey of weather
and a warmth of sun such as we seldom experience in this country.

Cranborne Chase.
By the Rev. Canon J. E. Jackson, F.S.A.

(Read at the Shaftesbury Meeting, 6th August, 1884.)

AM afraid that the greater part of what I have to say about
Cranborne Chase will be already very well known to those
of the -present company who belong to Dorsetshire, several local
histories having been long since published, with which they will be
‘ familiar.'. But as part of the Chase lay in Wiltshire, and we of
that county are not very well acquainted with the subject, my paper
may be regarded as written for our benefit rather than for that of
our hosts at Shaftesbury.

In the sense of a deer-hunting country Cranborne Chase is a
thing of the past. The name still continues to be given to a
district in this neighbourhood, but it is a mere fragment of what
the Chase once was.

It took its name, of course, from the little town of Cranborne, in
Dorsetshire: or, rather, from the old feudal castle which once stood
on a hill near the town. ‘The castle vanished long ago, and is now
represented by an old manor house belonging to the Marquis of
Salisbury; in which are some vestiges of more ancient building,
though, as a whole, it is of the time of Henry VIII.

Cranborne Castle, with certain lands about it and a small forest

1The books relating to the Chase (from which much of the present paper is
substantially taken) are “ Hutchins’s Dorset,” “ Smart’s Chronicle of Cranborne,”
“ West's History,” and “ Chafin’s Anecdotes of the Chase.”

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By the Rev. Canon J. E. Jackson, F.8.A. 149

some miles from it, was held under “ The Honour of Gloucester,!
which included great part of that county, as well as Somerset,
Wilts, and Dorset. This Honour belonged in very early times to
the Crown, and so long as it remained there Cranborne was called
“The Manor and Forest” : but after being granted to a subject the
title became “The Manor and Chase.” That was the usual dis-
tinction. The word forest was specially limited to Royal ground.

A forest, it must be remembered, in the ancient legal sense, did
not mean, as is naturally supposed, a tract of well-wooded picturesque
and broken ground, but a certain district, whether wooded and
picturesque, or not, that had been put by the Crown under the
protection of the severe “Forest Laws.” It included the lands,
the parks, and woods, of independent gentlemen: cultivated arable,
green meadows, open downs, &c.: all of which belonged in every
respect, just as they do now, to this or that person, to be used
by them in any way they liked: only, the game—especially the
deer—must not be meddled with. The right of hunting all over
that district was exclusively reserved for the Crown, or for the
nobleman to whom the Crown had granted it.

On the map? that accompanies this paper the small coloured
portion represents the orginal forest. It consisted of a narrow strip
of woody ground and pasture, beginning near Melbury, and reaching
along by Rushmore, as far as Cobley Lodge—about ten miles in
length and entirely within the Co. Dorset. The line along the upper
or north side of the original forest is the boundary-line which
divides Dorset from Wilts.

The old Saxon and Norman Kings, as is very well known, were
devoted to hunting, and by degrees the range of this hunting ground

_ was enlarged, till it reached the full size shewn on the map. There

1 An “Honour” wasa large seignory whose rights and privileges extended over
many places, sometimes over whole counties. One of the advantages of living
within an old feudal division of this kind was, that before land could be sold,
license had to be obtained from the court of the Honour: in other words the
pockets both of the lord and the steward had to be refreshed.

_ ? This map is reduced from the one in ‘‘ Smart’s Chronicle of Cranborne,” which
had been reduced from a much larger one purposely prepared as evidence at one
of the trials in the Court of Exchequer, where the original is still preserved.

you. xxu1.—no. xv. bs

150 Cranborne Chase.

is no account of the time when or the persons by whom this great
addition was allowed to be done, When it had thus, by degrees,reached
the full size, it was bounded for the greater part, very distinctly, by
rivers. Beginning near Shaftesbury, by a stream down towards
Child Ockford, where that stream falls into the Stour: then along
the Stour past Blandford to Wimborne Minster. There it took a
course northward, by another stream towards Cranborne: then
across country to Ringwood: up the Avon to Salisbury: and from
Salisbury along the Nadder back to Shaftesbury. This took in a
considerable part of South Wilts. The whole range was about
twenty to twenty-five miles from east to west: and about fifteen
to twenty miles from north to south: including the lands of seventy-
two parishes, and some portions of the very city of Salisbury itself,
and of the towns of Shaftesbury, Blandford, Wimborne, Ringwood,
Fordingbridge, and Downton.

Geologically, the eastern side consisted of the gravelly, heathery,
and not very productive soil, known about the New Forest: the
larger central part was on the chalk: and the next lower strata of
the green sand occupy the vale of the Nadder.

In attempting to give an outline of the history of the Chase it
is necessary to omit avast amount of various small changes of
ownership of this or that part, as well as all the details of the many
controversies and suits-at-law of which, in reality, the history con-
sists. Such details might be interesting to individuals, but not to
a general company. I will, therefore, only mention such leading
events as are necessary to understand its origin, its career, and its
extinction.

Whether the Chase was at the full size you see on the map in
the reign of William Rufus, or not, isnot known. But whatever may
then have been the extent, William Rufus gave the Honour of
Gloucester, including Cranborne Manor and Forest, with all rights
—and among them the right of hunting over other people’s lands—
to a Normar lord, his nephew, one Fitz Hamon. Fitz Hamon had
no sons. Of his daughters one married Robert, a natural son of
King Henry I. Robert was created, in right of his wife, Earl of
Gloucester. Sons again failing, another heiress brought the Honour

By the Rev. Canon J. L, Jackson, F.S.A. 151

and the Chase to John, then Earl of Mortaigne (afterwards King
John), who thus, in right of his wife, became Earl of Gloucester.
It is not until it came into the hands of John that we know how
far the Chase extended. Whilst he held it an inquiry was made,
by what was called a “ Perambulation.” This was a solemn legal
proceeding, in which the sheriff of the county, justices and other
officials, met to inquire into and settle the limits. Whether they
walked the bounds, or rode them, or were conveyed in perambulators
of the period, I cannot tell you, but, travel how they might, their
walk or ride was rather a long one, not less than a hundred miles.
It is more likely that they only met, took evidence from witnesses,
maps and records. The fact is that, even at that time, there had
been for many years growing up a general discontent about the
overgrown extent of royal forests: grievances were frequent and
complaints loud. It was accordingly determined, first, to ascertain
what additions had been made: then, to disafforest such parts and
reduce the forests to their original small dimensions. That was
the reason for the Perambulation being taken in the time of John,
whilst Earl of Mortaigne and of Gloucester.

John was divorced from his wife, Isabella, who had brovght him
Cranborne Chase. She re-married Geoffrey de Mandeville, who
thereby became owner. There was then another inquiry as to the
extent: but nothing was done about reduction. On the lady’s
death the Earldom of Gloucester, and Cranborne, passed to a nephew
Gilbert de Clare. Again nothing wasdone. Then followed Richard
de Clare, a minor, who, on coming of age, claimed the full extent,
as set out in the Perambulation of John. Another investigation —
went against him, for it was declared that the Wiltshire part was
not properly within the Chase. Still no step was taken. What
ought to have followed would have been a Royal Order to disafforest
that part: but no such document has ever been found among the
public records. If it could have been found it would have saved an
immensity of trouble afterwards.

Among the principal complainers was the Abbess of Wilton, then
one of the greatest landowners in that quarter. She protested
against the Earl of Gloucester exercising forest rights all along her

M 2

152 Cranborne Chase.

lands in the valley of the Nadder, especially against his vexatious
demand, at Old Harnham Bridge, close to Salisbury, of a certain toll
ealled Cheminage. This is from the French word chemin, a road,
and the toll was levied upon every person using the road through
the Chase, during one particular month only—called the fence
month—the fawning season: during which travellers were supposed
to be likely to disturb the does. This toll, an undeniable mark of
forest tyranny, continued to the very last: and possibly there may
be some veteran still alive—say eighty or ninety years old—who
may remember that upon Old Harnham Bridge a stag’s head, or
pair of horns, used to be set up every year fifteen days before and
fifteen days after Midsummer Day, as a notice to pay cheminage,
fourpence for every waggon, and one penny for every pack-horse :
and the money was collected by virtue of a warrant from the steward
of the Chase. However, the poor Lady Abbess of Wilton’s protest
was not listened to any more than any one else’s.

Other Clares, Earls of Gloucester, followed; other complaints
and more inquiries: but the Earls clung to the Perambulation of
John, and, to make things worse, got a fresh grant from the Crown
confirming their claim. But after the death of the last of the
Clares at the Battle of Bannockburn, in 1818, there were again no
male heirs. Three sisters succeeded, and by one or two following
marriages the Honour of Gloucester, Cranborne Chase and all,
came back once more into the hands of the Crown, in the person of
King Edward IV. There it remained for one hundred and forty
years, until the reign of King James I., who, in 1612, granted it
to Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury. During these one hundred and
forty years there were a great many legal transactions and decisions
which seem to have confined the Chase to the smaller bounds, but
there was great confusion. The forest rights had, perhaps, not
been enforced so strictly as before: and the consequence was, that
when the new owner, the Earl of Salisbury, being a subject, pro-
posed to re-assert and enforce the old rights, he became entangled
in a series of litigations. It was the Wiltshire people who were the
loudest and most positive that Cranborne Chase had nothing to do
with them, nor they with it. So the Earl began to find himself in

ey

>

reise ~- mer rT ae iy

By the Rev. Canon J. B. Jackson, F.S.A, 153

a nest of hornets; and the first hornet who flew at him was the
Lord Arundell of the day, who denied his right over Tollard.! The
matter was tried, and Lord Arundell won. Then the Earl of
Salisbury was attacked by Mr. Gawen, of Norrington, another
Wiltshire squire. This case was tried in the Court of Exchequer,
and took up eight days: but here the verdict was in favour of Lord
Salisbury.

The whole Chase was at that time divided into eight “ Walks,” as
they were called :—Rushmore, Staplefoot, Cobley, Bursey-stool,
West Walk, Fernditch, Alderholt, and Chettered. You must please
again to remember that it was not the lands themselves in all these
walks that belonged to Lord Salisbury. The lands of Cranborne
were his own: but over the rest he only claimed all the deer and the
right of hunting and killing them. The number of deer had been
very different at different periods. In James the First’s time they
were reckoned at about two thousand. In Charles the Second’s time
they were put at only five hundred; but in 1828 (probably by a
legal fiction to cover an unascertainable number), twenty-thousand.
You are to imagine the trouble and expense of watching the lives and
safety of such a multitude of wild animals ranging wherever they
pleased over the lands of seventy-two parishes. Imagine the
vexatious intrusion of the animals into the farmer’s young barley
and turnips: and the still more vexatious right of another man’s
keepers, under-keepers, and watchers to enter and range when and

1The manor farm-house at Tollard is called by tradition King John’s Palace.
In the interior there is some old work, but nothing that can be assigned to so
old a date. The king is known to have been often at Cranborne. A court leet
of Tollard manor with the liberty of Lavermere, or Larmer, used to be held every
year on the first Monday in September. It was opened under a large spreading
tree, called the Lavermere, or Larmer, Tree. Whilst Cranborne Chase was in
existence, by the custom of the manor the lord, his steward, servants, and
tenants, had on this day the privilege of hunting and killing deer started within
the precincts of the manor, from the time of opening the court until it was closed
in due form. It was, if the weather permitted, a high holiday for the neigh-
bourhood. The court leet is continued, but the Tollard hunt is atanend. The
company were entertained at breakfast with venison pasty. There is a view of
the house, and of a carved oak chimney-piece, in the Gentleman’s Magazine of
1811, vol. lxxxi., part ii., p. 217. .

154 Cranborne Chase.

where they chose upon your parks and pleasure-grounds. Lord
Salisbury was, perhaps, glad enough to get rid of some part of a
troublesome property. He sold the Fernditch Walk to Lord Ashley,
afterwards Earl of Shaftesbury: and in 1692, Lord Shaftesbury, in
his turn, keeping Berwick St. John for himself, sold the rest to
Mr. Freke, of Shrewton, Mr. Freke, dying 1698, left his rights
of Chase to his grandson, Mr. Pile, of Baverstock, and his wife,
Elizabeth Penruddocke, for their lives, and after their deaths to go
to his relative, George Pitt, afterward Baron Rivers, to whom it de-
volved in 1714, and in whose family it remained to the last—the
year 1828. It is said, that whilst Lord Shaftesbury was owner he
made no pretence to any rights beyond the smaller inner boundaries ;
except that of re-chasing, or recovering out of other gentlemen’s
grounds, deer that had strayed. It is stated that he allowed owners
of lands to kill deer at pleasure, and that anybody killed stray deer
without prosecution. Mr, Freke also, as it is said, arranged, that
if the gentlemen would not kill the deer, he would supply them
with any quantity of venison they pleased. But, after this time,
quarrels revived: and when Mr. Pitt, on becoming owner, attempted
to enforce obsolete laws of the forest, the landowners were resolved
to make a stand. This brought on a-very celebrated case, which
ultimately led to the disfranchisement. Being of so much con-
sequence, it may be worth a little closer detail.

Mr. Thomas King was one of the stout Wiltshiremen I spoke of.
Lord Rivers had been persuaded to believe that the Chase retained
all the rights of a forest, and in the exercise of those presumed
rights notices were sent to gentlemen to throw down fences that
were considered too high, farmers were warned not to plough up
down-land, and one who did so was served with a law process. At
another time hunters and hounds unceremoniously invaded the park
at Wardour, and started and killed a buck within it. Some of these
outrages, as they were considered, would no doubt be committed in
a rough and heedless manner by underlings, who, when they are
armed “with a little brief authority,” will “play more fantastic
tricks”? even than their superiors and principals. And it was one
of this sort that fired the train, A certain audacious servant, in

9 eae eee

ae | OES ~ arr

By the Rev. Canon J. E. Jackson, P.S.A. 155

exercise, as he said, of his lawful authority, in cold blood shot one
of Mr. King’s greyhounds walking quietly behind its master: the
man asserting that the dog had no right to use his legs in Cranborne
Chase without the previous consent of the owner of the Chase,
which owner was represented by him, the keeper. Mr. King was,
as he well might be, indignant; and, being backed by many
others, determined to try what were the bounds and what were
really the rights of the Chase; because, having carefully enquired
from those who had long considered the subject and had examined

-all sorts of ancient evidences, he was advised, first of all, that no

part of Wiltshire was properly within the Chase: and secondly,
supposing it did include any part of Wilts, it did not include the
Jand which Mr. King held in the parish of Alvediston. He was
tenant under Mr. Wyndham, of Norrington farm, part of which is
ealled Trow Down: so, to proceed in a business-like way, one day,
finding certain deer feeding on Trow Down, he drove them away.
Whereupon an action was brought against him for driving bucks
out of the lordship of the owner of the Chase. To this Mr. Kine
replied with proper formality, that the deer had no right to be
feeding upon his grass and herbage. This brought the matter to
a point—was Trow Down, or was it not, a part of Cranborne Chase ?
A question easy to be asked: but not so easy to be answered. The
trial came on at Salisbury in 1816: an enormous mass of records,
charters, and what not, had to be inspected, and many living
witnesses to be examined on both sides. The result was that Mr.
Pitt was considered to have full right, within the smaller bounds,
to start deer, hunt and kill them—the full rights of a forest: but
that deyond those bounds he had only the right of what was called
in the old Latin charter a “ per-cursus,’ or “ running through.”
For some little time, the learned counsel on both sides, and even
the still more learned judge on the bench, were puzzled to make
out what this per-cursus, or “running through,” exactly meant :
because trespassers may have various objects in entering a park,
some, perhaps, not very beneficial to the owner. At last they

7 agreed the meaning to be that owészde the smaller bounds Mr. Pitt,

as owner of the Chase, had only the right to follow, for the

156 Cranborne Chase.

purpose of driving them home again, such deer as had been roused
within the smaller bounds, and had strayed beyond them. Con-
sequently the verdict was in favour of Mr. King, to the great
satisfaction of a crowded court, especially of the Wiltshiremen, who
shouted for joy.

It was this verdict that gave the death-blow to any revival of
obsolete forest right, and in fact, was the knell of Cranborne Chase.!
Disputes might have gone on: because, although Mr. King had
established that Trow Down was not in the Chase, that did not
carry all the other lands on the Wiltshire side. There was, there-
fore, a wide door still open for further litigation. But the Rivers
family acted discreetly. Taking all things into full consideration,
and foreseeing no end of tronble, they were wisely advised to come
to some final composition. This opened the way to doing away
altogether with the rights of the Chase, which was afterwards
happily accomplished.

There had, indeed, been made, many years before, an attempt to
some arrangement of the kind, but the terms could not be agreed
upon. At last, in 1828, an Act of Parliament was obtained for the
disfranchisement, by which it was provided that the Rivers family
were to receive (I believe) £1800 a year, clear annual rent, to dispose
of all the deer, and to retain the lodges of Rushmore, West Lodge,
and Bursey-stool.

One of the writers upon this subject, a strong supporter of Lord
Rivers’s real and full rights, and who praises highly the way in
which that nobleman behaved throughout the whole business, never-
theless feels himself constrained to admit, upon the whole question,
that there were circumstances which rendered the disfranchisement
a measure of public benefit. Loud and general had been the dis-
satisfaction of the agriculturists whose lands bordered on the Chase

1 Mr. Thomas King was also successful in another suit, which put an end to
the vexatious claim of “cheminage.” Two oil paintings, as trophies of the double
victory, are preserved at Chilmark House, by Mr. Frederick King, nephew of
the winner of the law-suits. One represents the shooting of the greyhound by
the keeper: the other, Mr. King’s horses dragging away (never to be replaced)
the barrier that was set up on Harnham Bridge. In this picture, the stag’s
head above-mentioned is introduced.

a

ee

=o?

By the Rev. Canon J. EL. Jackson, F.8.A. 157

woods, respecting the devastation of the crops by the deer, and the
expense incurred by the protection of their property. To them the
extermination of the deer was a great and permanent relief.

Then, as to the population and labouring class. The temptation
to lawlessness had been ruinous to them morally. The Chase wasa
nursery of idleness and vice: and a source of positive misery to
their families in many instances. Among the upper classes also an
unwholesome spirit of jealousy had long been fostered by perpetual
squabbles and serious litigation, producing discontent and ill-will,
instead of friendly and neighbourly feeling. So that there really
were none left to mourn over the disfranchisement, except some few
who had been used to unlimited venison and currant jelly, but
thenceforth had to learn how to dine without them.

So far I have endeavoured to give you, as shortly as I could, a
continuous history of the Chase. There are a few notices of it in
the writings of the old Wiltshire antiquary, John Aubrey, whose
odd jottings and quaint manner of recording them are always
welcome. He is also here a good authority, because his family
were, for many years, in Charles the Second’s time, occupiers under
the Lords Pembroke, of a farm at Broad Chalk: and he himself, as
tenant, resided there for a great part of his strange life. One of
his works, published by a former Wilts topographical society, is
ealled “The Natural History of Wiltshire,” and in it he has a few
memoranda of the Chase: which I give in his own words.’ “ These
plains [he says] doe abound with hares, fallow deer, partridges, and
bustards. In this tract is the Earl of Pembroke’s noble seat at
Wilton: but the Arcadia and the Daphne [meaning the subjects of
Sir Philip Sydney’s muse and pen] is about Vernditch and Wilton,
and those romancy plaines and boscages did no doubt conduce to
the heightening of his fancy. He lived much in these parts, and
his most masterly touches of his Pastoralls he wrote here upon the
spot where they were conceived. *Iwas about these purlieus that
the Muses were wont to appear to him, and where he wrote down

1In one of Aubrey’s MSS., now in the Bodleian Library, at Oxford, are some

_ extracts relating to this Chase, “taken from Sir Edward Harley’s Leiger Book.”

T have not had any opportunity of examining these.

158 Cranborne Chase.

their dictates in his table-book, though on horseback. I remember
some old relations of mine and other old men hereabout that have
seen Sir Philip doe this, For those nimble fugitives [the Muses]
except they be presently registered, fly away and perhaps can never
be caught again. But they were never so kind as to appear to me,
though I am the Tenant. It seems they reserve that grace only
for the proprietors, the family of Herberts to whom they have con-
tinued a constant kindness for a succession of generations. These
were the places where our kings and queens used to divert them-
selves in the hunting season. Cranborne Chase which reaches
from Harnham Bridge at Salisbury to Blandford was belonging to
Roger Mortimer, Earl of March. His seate was at his Castle of
Cranborne. If these oaks were as vocal as Dodona’s, some of the
old ones could give us an account of the secret whispers between
the great Earle and the false Queen Isabell.” !

Of the deer he says :—“ It was a question which were the heaviest,
those of Cranborne or those of Groveley Forest. Groveley deer
were generally the heaviest but Dr. Randal Caldicot of Bishopstone
had told him of one from Cranborne that was weighed at his house
and it weighed 8 seore pounds, About the year 1650 there were
in Vernditch Walk a 1000 or 1200 fallow deere but now [1689]
there are not above 500.” If the Groveley deer were the heaviests
their skins were not the best, for (says Aubrey) :—“a glover at
Tisbury will give sixpence more for a buck skin of Cranborne Chase
than of Groveley, and he says he can afford it.”??

“At Cobley Walk, they used to kill bucks sooner in the year
than in other places they could. They did find maggots under the
horns which would gnaw the roots of them and cause them to fall
off. This unusuall discovery was affirmed to me by Cosin Hawles
the Ranger there and my very good friend. Pliny mentions this.$

1 “Natural History of Wiits,” p. 108.
2 “Natural History of Wilts,” p. 58.

*“Natural History of Wilts,’ JS. Aubrey gives the passage in Pliny.
“Cervis in capite inesse vermiculi sub lingue inanitate, et circa articulum qua
caput jungitur, numero viginti produntur.” (Plin. Nat. Hist., Lib. xi, 49.
Valpy’s Edit.) which Philemon Holland (vol. i., p. 333, renders :—‘ Stags (by
report) have within their heads twenty little wormes, to wit, in the concavity
under their tongue, and about that joincture where the head is graffed to the
chine bone.”

By the Rev. Canon J. B. Jackson, F.8.A. 159

At Vernditch are some marterns still remaining. It is a pretty
little beast and of a deep chesnut colour, a kind of pole-cat less than
a fox, and the furre is much esteemed: not much inferior to sables.
It is the richest furre of our nation.! Martial says of it ‘ Venator
eapta marte superbus adest.’ ””

Of trees he mentions one that grew naturally. “It had a white
leaf: the leaves are but rare: it is no bigger than a eherry-tree :
they call it whiting or white wood. The rind will not rot, that is
to say, not ina long time, which makes it useful for stakes, which
is the only thing that I know it is good for. If you make a fire
with it, it strikes. I never saw it anywhere but hereabouts: the
leaf of it is almost as big as that of a nut-tree.”? In another place
he calls it “the whitty or wayfaring tree: some grew on the south
down on the farm at Broad Chalk. In Herefordshire they are not
uncommon, and they used, when I was a boy to make pinnes for
the yoakes of their oxen for them, believing it had vertue to preserye
them from being /orespoken, as they eall it [i.e., bewitched] : and
they use to plant one by their dwelling house believing it to preserve
them from witches and evil eyes.”3 The tree he speaks of is the
“whitten-tree,” or wayfarer tree, a punning name given to it by
Gerard in his herbal, implying that it is ever on the road.* Aubrey
mentions another called the “ coven-tree,” as used by carters to
make whips of. This seems to be a variety of spindle.
ets

?“ Natural History of Wilts,” p. 59. Dame Juliana Berners (ec. 1460) reckons
the martron, or marteron, as one of the five beasts of chace. It appears to have
been the martin. In a list of jewels belonging to Queen Katherine Parr is “one
martron skynne with clawes of gold, the head garnished with emeralds, diamonds
and rubies.”’

Their relative value as an article of import is shewn from a“ Table of Excise ”
of the year 1657 :—

(“Sables : the timber of 40 skins £30 .0.0
| Black fox skins do. do. £10 .0.0.
Furs{ Martrons do. do. 9.0.0.
Ermines do. do. 1.10.0
Rabbit skins every five score 1.10.0
Squirrels the thousand 5.0.0
? Aubrey, MS.

® Aubrey, “ Natural History of Wilts,” p. 56.
* Prior’s “ Popular Plants,”

160 Cranborne Chase.

Deer Hunters anp Deer STEALERs.

A good many anecdotes have been preserved in Mr. Chafin’s
little book upon this part of the history of the Chase, but we must
be satisfied with two or three of them.

It was, he says, about the beginning of the last century (1700)
that unlawful deer killing began to be much the fashion. It began,
not with the ordinary low-class poacher, but with persons of a
better class of life. In fact it began with the gentry, who in order
to assert their supposed rights used to assemble in parties to enforce
those rights. I may mention, by the way, that the same kind of
thing was common elsewhere. On the breaking up of the large
forest of Selwood, when a part of it, by proper legal process, had
been added to the Longleat estate, more than two hundred years
ago, parties of small landowners and others of the neighbourhood,
nevertheless, persisted in maintaining that they had been deprived
of some right, and were frequently invading Longleat Park with
hound and horn, in order to uphold their lost privileges.

Mr. Chafin tells us that he had an uncle much addicted to this
sport, who was so often detected and so often fined a heavy penalty
that his elder brother was obliged to interfere and put a stop to his
career in good time. So long as the parties were of that class of
life, able to pay the money penalty, they were dignified by the name
of deer-hunters, but when, by an Act of Parliament in 1736, a
second offence of deer-killing was made felony, and offenders of
all ranks were liable to seven years’ transportation, the gentlemen
thought it time to leave off the dangerous sport, and it fell into the
hands of the common poacher. Deer hunting became deer stealing.
No one famous in forest history is ever likely to rival the celebrated
Robin Hood, whose doings in merry Sherwood are immortalized in
so many of our old ballads. But Cranborne Chase had a hero—in
away. Mr. Chafin has related the adventures of a gentleman with
whom he was well acquainted in the early part of his life, who was
the bold leader of a band of deer hunters, and in the frontispiece of
his little book he has given us the portrait of this gentleman and
his merry men, in the costume of his calling. (See the plate.')

1The original drawing was made by one Byng, assistant to Sir Godfrey

AND HIS PARTY.

Whiteman é Dass, Moto Lrthe’ Landon

Pe ee

By the Rev. Canon J. E. Jackson, F.S8.A. 161

The Cranborne costume consisted of a kind of helmet, in shape
and material not unlike a bee-hive. It was made with wreaths of
straw tightly bound together with split bramble stalks, or wire, and
well padded within. By the kindness of Mr. Penruddocke, of
Compton, I am able to exhibit, what is better than a drawing of it,
the very article itself: one that was worn by James Barrett, one of the
last keepers of Cobley Walk. The body armour of the deer hunting
gentleman was made of the strongest canvas, well quilted with
wool, to lessen the effect of heavy blows. He wore, also, a short
sword, a hanger, and a quarter-staff. The instrument in his hand,
from its great length, looks more like a pike-staff. The whole
dress, indeed, seems somewhat ill adapted for the purposes of light
infantry, still less for the rapid pursuit of so nimble an animal as
a deer. But these hunters had other ways of taking their victims
that did not require much fleetness of foot on their part, but did
require a very strong head-piece and body-piece, for those close
quarter tussles to which they were exposed. One was by stealthy
surprize and shooting them: which, of course, would alarm by noise.
The other and more sneaking process was by hanging wire nooses
from boughs in the trackway of the deer, and when entangled by
the horns slaughtering them with the knife.

The gentleman in the foreground of the plate was the captain of
the party. There is a full account of him in a letter written from
this part of the country to a Sir William Musgrave, a great col-
lector of county information about one hundred years ago, and it is
preserved among the Musgrave MSS. in the British Museum.’ It
is curious, and as follows :—

“The deer hunter’s name was Henry Good. He was the 6th Henry in lineal

descent from the ancestor who settled at Bower Chalk : and he died in the year
1766, aged 72. The family has always been a creditable though not a splendid

Kneller. Sir Godfrey was a landowner in South Wilts. He grew lazy towards
the latter part of his life, and only painted the faces in his portraits. All the
dresses, backgrounds, &c., were left to his assistant. Byng’s drawing was in
the possession of a Mr. Wray, a barrister, at the time it was copied for Mr.
Chafin. The principal figure itself forms the subject of a plate in the Gentle-
man’s Magazine, August, 1818, p. 105.

1 Musgrave Collect., ix., 8.

162 Cranborne Chase.

one, and just fitted to make very good deer hunters of, as the deer hunter’s father
who lived in Charles the Second’s reign, used to say that he was the only man
in the three parishes round him that boiled pot four times a week: the most
opulent of them only boiling pot every other day: but Mr. Good [i.e., the father]
from a superior fortune, or a superior spirit, would boil it four times, and so
have a hot dinner on the Saturday as well as Sunday. This did him the more
credit as he was not disposed to be extravagant, having stopped up a chimney to
save one shilling a year that was paid to Government for Hearth-money.

“This ancestor, however, was considered to be in such affluent circumstances
[though he held only about £200 a year under the Earl of Pembroke] that he
afforded his sons a very good education and his son the deer hunter was bred up
at the Free-School at Wimborne at the time Mr. Bankes, his Brother Henry
and Mr. Chafin, M.P. for the county, were there. With these gentlemen he
lived in great intimacy.

“The family has been a very long-lived one, though the deer hunter disgraced
it a little by dying at the early age of 72: his father having reached 92, and
scarcely one of them dying under 85. The deer hunter’s widow died at the age
of 87. Whether the deer hunter owed his premature death [72] to his exploits
with the keepers in Cranborne Chase, or to his imprudent withdrawing from that
scene of activity to an indolent life at Shaftesbury at the persuasion of his wife,
cannot be determined ; but it is imputed to the latter cause by his son, the Rev.
Dr. Good of Wimborne from whom all this information is derived.” *

Of this Mr. Henry Good—the central figure of that singular
group—Mr. Chafin gives us the following account :—“ I knew him
well in the early part of my life, and have had the great pleasure of
listening to him for many hours, for his converse was exactly con-
genial to my feelings and propensities. Very many stories of his
own exploits in the sporting way were truly acceptable. He found
me to be an apt disciple of such a teacher, and it made such an
impression on my tender mind as the length of time has not worn
out . . . . He was well versed in history, never forgot any
thing, had a taste for poetry, was particularly fond of Milton, and
—Hudibras. He was well skilled in the science of music, and a
good performer on various instruments. He was a constant visitor
at Lord Windsor’s at Moyle’s Court in Hampshire, where his
company was much appreciated, not so much for the accomplish-
ments just mentioned, as for his great skill in all the sports of the
field. He understood the breaking-in of dogs and the management
of nets, better, perhaps than any other person in the kingdom. He

* See ** Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries,”’ First Series, vol. iv., p. 47.

A

pei pie

By the Rev. Canon J. EB. Jackson, F.S.A. 163

was also wonderfully skilled in the calling of quails by a pipe, to
come under a net spread for the purpose. With this instrument
his imitation of the voice of the hen quail was such as would bring
the other victims up to his very feet. All these instructions I
earefully imbibed.”

One anecdote I must give at a little greater length, as it is told
by Mr, Chafin with an honest simplicity, and brings out very well
the singularities of that extinct species of animal, the gentleman
poacher of Cranborne Chase :—

“My good friend [he says] was much respected by the neigh-
bouring clergy and the principal inhabitants of the parishes near ;
many of whom bad a talent for music and were much devoted to it.
They established a musical club at a little inn called The Hut,
situate on Salisbury South Plain on a little eminence which gave a
commanding prospect of the Chase, and extensive view of a fine
country even as far as the Isle of Wight rocks. The meetings of
the members of the club for their concerts were on Mondays, every
other one in summer, and monthly in winter. My friend was the
leader of the band, notwithstanding the great contrariety in the
mode and manner of execution. It was his usual custom, on the
Sunday before the club-day, to walk to the Hut, and arrange the
musick-books and instruments for the next day: but this he never
did till after he had attended divine service in his parish Church
which he never neglected. He was no bigot, but truly religious
and a strict adherer to the Established Church.

“Tn the two pursuits of which he was the leader [7.e., the deer
catching and the music] he never suffered them to be entirely dis-
united: but generally carried in his pocket some wire nooses of his

own composing, intermixed perhaps with music of his own composing

also.

“ On a certain Sunday, after his religious duties had been duly
performed, in the middle of the month of August, on a very hot
day, he took his customary excursion to the Hut; and while he was
standing at the door with the host for the benefit of the air, and
admiring the beautiful prospect, a more interesting one arrested
his attention; for he spied a herd of fat bucks leave a large wood

164 Cranborne Chase.

where they had been much exposed to the sun and annoyed by flies,
and enter a small detached cover, for shade. After a very short con-
versation, therefore, with the host, who had not seen the deer, but
perhaps was gazing at the rocks of the Isle of Wight, he wished
him good morning, and made a circuit to the place where the deer
entered and near which he judged that they were then lodged.
With great caution and profound silence he drew out his nooses
from his musical papers, and set them with great dexterity at every
pathway within the border of the wood. He then filled his pockets
with pebbles, and went quietly round to the opposite side, when he
began the operation of throwing the pebbles, jerking one at a time
into the wood at a short distance, just to stir the deer without much
alarming them: and, by making approaches to them in this manner,
to keep them in motion, that, whilst they were attending to the
falling of the pebbles, they might heedlessly run their heads into
the nooses, in which, when he came to examine, he found that he
had been successful, and had got three of the finest deer suspended
by their necks: whose throats he immediately cut. Knowing that
there was an old saw-pit in the wood, full of leaves, he dragged
them thither: and having paunched them, concealed the bodies in
the pit, and covered them with leaves. He then mounted an oak
tree which commanded a view of the whole Walk, took his Hudibras
out of his pocket and amused himself by reading it, until nights
fall: when perceiving the coast clear, he betook himself in a by-way
to his own habitation: and having made his success known to his
confederates, a small party of them went with a cart and brought
home their booty without interruption, or even suspicion. The two
bands, the hunters and the musicians, had fine feasting: for it was
a leading and strict rule that no plunder of this kind was ever sold ,
unless to pay the penalty if they were detected.”

' Such having been the example set by the so-called “ gentlemen
hunters,” and such their way of spending Sunday in Cranborne
Chase, we are not much surprized to hear of coarser and more violent
proceedings, as soon as the business passed into the hands of a lower
class of men. The annals of the Chase, from the early part of the
last century, when our information begins, are accordingly disgraced

ee

By the Rev. Canon J. E, Jackson, FSA. 165

by a number of sanguinary deeds, showing that for years there
existed a regular vindictive, almost hereditary warfare. . The deer
stealers, besides wearing the bee-hive helmet, were generally armed
with guns! and pistols. They had, also, a formidable hand weapon,
a kind of bludgeon called a “swindgell,” like a short threshing-
flail, the striking arm of which was made of iron.

Stories of the kind being distasteful, one or two will serve just
as a sample, to shew the diabolical fury with which these outrages
were committed. About the year 1788, a keeper of West Walk,
returning home from Church on Easter Day, was waylaid and mur-
dered. He was found quite dead: having been most dreadfully
beaten with bludgeons: the murderers never discovered. Another
murder of the same kind, and about the same time, was committed
in Lord Pembroke’s Walk, at Vernditch. The murderer in that
ease was detected, and hanged in chains; but within a few nights
the gibbet was cut down, and the body carried away. In 1780, on
the night of the 16th December, a very severe battle was fought
near Chettle, between a force of keepers and a gang of poachers,
when the field seems to have been strewn with the wounded. In
this case many of the poachers were labouring men, who were
employed in the service of the ranger of the walk, and had supped
in his servants’ hall the night before.

In 1791 there was one of the worst encounters at Rushmore : ten
on each side, the keepers armed with hangers and staves, the enemy
with the swingel, or short iron flail, above described. The keepers
-eleverly retreated, drawing the enemy after them into a close copse
where the iron flail could not so well be used. This gang was
defeated, broken up, and transported for life. The last general
encounter was so late as 1816, just before the disfranchisement.
This was near Donhead, fire-arms being freely used on both sides.
Of a single-handed encounter an interesting description is given in
a separate narrative at the end of the present paper, taken from the
lips of a keeper who died not many years ago.

1 One of these short guns, divided into three pieces, so as to be easily put away
nto the pockets of a coat, was exhibited at the Meeting, by Mr. Penruddocke.

VOL. XXII.—NO. LXY. N

166 Cranborne Chase.

Mr. Chafin having introduced us to one eccentric character
connected with Chase history, I will now introduce another—Mr.
Chafin himself, the author of the little book to which I have had
occasion to refer. His book makes no pretension to be‘called a
history: indeed the very title is that of “‘ Anecdotes”: and so far
as it goes is amusing enough: the more so because it is written in
a perfectly unaffected manner; his stories being jotted down just as
he happened to remember them, but he assures us that every one of
them is perfectly true. As we are now not likely to hear much
more about an extinct Chase, his anecdotes become more curious. In
1816, some little time before his death, he drew up “ A short and
imperfect sketch of the life of William Chafin, Clerk, from memory
alone.” This, together with a number of letters written by him
was afterwards printed by the late Mr. Nichols in his work called
“ Tllustrations of the Literary History of the 18th century”: and
Mr. Nichols introduces the little memoir in these words :—“A
lively piece of Autobiography written purposely with a view to
publication by a highly respectable old gentleman of Dorsetshire,
who, although a clergyman by profession perhaps partook more of
the character of a country squire.” Of that there is no doubt. In
his composition, mental and bodily, the lay element prevailed very
considerably over the clerical. A few particulars must suffice to
give an idea of the gentleman and his ways.

The Chafin family, I should first say, came originally from
Wiltshire three hundred years ago. There were three or four
branches of it, in Dorset, most of which, if not all, are, I believe,
extinct.

William Chafin was born in 1733 at the family place at Chettle.
His grandmother was a Penruddocke: his mother a Sturt: and he
was her eleventh child. Several of the children having died, as the
father, George Chafin, thought, from too tender nursing, he resolved
to try a different system with number eleven: so, the moment the
child had received his Christian name of William he was then and
there carried off, from the very font, to the cottage of his father’s
shepherd in the village to be nurtured by mistress shepherd: and
there he remained for five years, fed on cottage fare, without once

—

So Sars

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9g ie aay Ram IRD Zi Att »

«

Prise

By the Rev. Canon J. E. Jackson, F.8.A. 167

sleeping in his father’s house. As soon as he was able to crawl
about, he was taken to the sheep-fold, by the shepherd, every
morning, even in the depth of winter, by which, he says, “a foun-
dation was laid for that strength of constitution which has carried
me through eighty-five summers and winters without being in any
way greatly impaired.” William went to school at six years old,
and remained there nine years. In his fifteenth year he was taken
away (I use his own description) “a poor raw ignorant youth, not
having acquired any classical knowledge at all,” and was kept at
home a whole year, which was spent in following the sports of the
field, no school book being looked into the whole time. Thence to
Emmanuel College, Cambridge, where he fell into very good hands
in the person of an excellent tutor, who took a great fancy to him,
and bestowed so much pains that he not only got his degree, but
was actually presented by the college with a piece of plate for
being their best man that year. That piece of plate, he says,
‘he looked upon as the most precious thing he had in the world. In
course of time he took holy orders, and (so things were done in
those days) was presented to two livings, one at Taunton, in
Somerset, the other at Lidlinch, about fourteen miles from Chettle.
At Lidlinch he was supposed to reside, but his father being old and
there being no other son available, he was compelled to live at
Chettle. He says, however, that, in spite of the distance, he never
once omitted during seven years to attend to his Sunday duties at
Lidlinch. His father died, and an elder brother dying soon after,
William Chafin, Clerk, became head of the family and master of
_ the place. This fixed him in the very middle of the Chase, and,
being passionately fond of sport of every kind, he became, nominally
a clerk, but really a squire. For seventy years he says he had
enjoyed whatever field-sports the Chase supplied, and he appears to
have been thoroughly acquainted with every variety of them. His
object in putting together his anecdotes was to support Lord Rivers’s
claims, which he does most positively and enthusiastically. He
says that, according to his experience and observation, the owner of
the Chase had exclusive property, not only in the feed of the deer,
but in all under game of every kind. In his youth none of the
N 2

168 Cranborne Chase.

gentlemen had gamekeepers. There was a head ranger, who, if he
met or heard of persons with gun and dogs, warned them off: and
as to there being no part of Wiltshire within the Chase, as was
alleged, he laughs that notion to scorn, having over and over again
in company of Lord Rivers, hunted and killed deer all along the
chain of coppices between Berwick and Ebbesbourne.

We all know that field-sports are so fascinating to some minds,
that the very idea of turning sporting ground to any more useful
purpose is a barbarism. In North Wilts, near Malmesbury, we
have what is called the Heath, of five hundred acres, given to that
town by King Athelstan, which for centuries, indeed, ever since his
time, had been used generally by the people for all sorts of purposes.
It naturally became a rough, wild, marshy, unprofitable common,
Some years ago it was enclosed, and converted to respectable agri-
culture. An old gentleman in that neighbourhood once said to me,
very gravely and earnestly, ‘There never was such a mistake in
the world as enclosing Malmesbury Common.” Thinking that some
great social or political blunder had been committed, I asked, why
so? ‘ Why, because it was the finest place in the world for snipe
and wild-fowl.” So, also, does W. Chafin, Clerk, sigh and groan
deeply over the proposed disfranchisement of Cranborne Chase: and
in short, after enumerating all sorts of evils that are to arise from
such a proceeding, he concludes with an earnest hope—[he was
almost saying “ with a daily prayer ’’]—that all these evils may be
averted, and that Cranborne Chase may remain in a flourishing
“ state—[for how long, do you suppose ?]—till the general dissolu-
tion of all things”!

John Aubrey mentioned bustards as common in his time in the
Chase. Mr. Chafin has a story about these birds worth noting.
He was not living at the time in the Chase, but at Wallop, between
Andover and Salisbury : and going out with his gun he was told by
some person of a large flight of green plovers that had settled on a
certain piece of ground. They proved to be a flight of what he had
never met with before, dotterells: so there being little chance of
getting very near them, he fired from horseback. On the report of
his gun, what was his amazement to see at the further end of the

_— ae a

By the Rev. Canon J. E. Jackson, F.8.A, 169

field, no less than five-and-twenty bustards rise up all in a flock,
and fly over a hill called Southern Hill. He then set about pursuing
them, came within view, but when the noble birds rose again the
noise of their wings so frightened his horse that he bolted round,
threw the rider, and ran away. So he lost all chance, went home
disappointed and never had another opportunity : “ but,”’ he says, “I
believe such a number of bustards will never be again seen together
in England.” Of that we may be sure enough, for such is the
propensity to kill that if any strange bird is reported to be seen,

- every man and boy that can get a gun is off to destroy it. Perhaps
‘if the bustards could hear of the Wild Birds Protection Act they

might be tempted to return. For the present, that splendid bird,
the king of the Plain, has simply subsided into a mere curiosity, to
be found on the shelf of a museum in company with such relics of
bygone sporting days as Harry Good’s bee-hive hat.

J. E. J.

Capture of a Noted Deer Stealer in Cranborne Chase by James
Barrett, Keeper of Cobley Walk, as related by himself.

James Barrett was one of the deer-keepers, under Moses Brixey,
who was head keeper to Lord Rivers in 1822, before the Chase was
disfranchised. He afterwards entered the service of John Hunger-
ford Penruddocke, Esq., and was with him and his successor, Charles
Penruddocke, as park and game-keeper for nearly fifty years. He
died 20th March, 1875, and is buried in the churchyard, Compton
Chamberlayne.

The following account I wrote down as nearly as possible in the

‘language in which he gave it to me several years before his death.
The expressions he makes use of are so characteristic of the man

that I make no apology for reproducing them.

CHaRrLes PENRUDDOCKE.
Compton Park,

July 15th, 1884.
James Barrerr’s Story.
Well, Sir, I was in the service of my Lord Rivers (and very

- good he was to me, I will say that) and I had to look after Cobley

170 Cranborne Chase.

Walk under Moses Brixey, the head keeper. The walk extended
about two miles, and was a particularly favourite haunt of the deer,
being full of the coverts and hiding-places which they are fond of,
and abounded with leafy holly, which they feed upon. It was the
21st June, 1822. I can see it now, as if it was yesterday only,
when, standing by my cottage door I looked down over the wood-
land and coppices scattered here and there, and thought that every-
thing was so quiet on my beat, and that I might just go in and
have a cup of tea—for you see, Sir, it was about tea time, five
o’clock or thereabouts, and the day uncommonly hot, and I felt
certainly that I did not care to stir out for anyone before I had it.
However, we never know what we have before us,

“ Happening to cast my eyes towards Stock Copse hedgerow, I
saw two men walking down the side of it, and as far as I could
make out, one had a gun over his arm, but the distance was too far
to make sure of it.

“Well, I made up my mind to start at once, tho’ I could not
help longing to sit down to the table and have one cup of tea, and
I wanted, besides, to see our little son James, who was a young’un
in arms. I considered it was no use thinking about the matter but
prepared to start. I had thrown off my coat, and had been most of
the day in my shirt sleeves on account of the heat, but in order to
disguise myself I put on a smock frock used in hedge trimming,
and took a hook (trimming hook) in my hand. I cautiously fol-
lowed the men till I saw them disappear through a gap in the hedge,
but when I came up to the gap, and was making my way through
it, I almost struck against a man who was standing bolt upright in
the middle, with his hands in his pockets. Ah, thinks I to myself,
this one stays here to hide the other, so I took no notice of him,
but merely passed through by his side as if I was going that way.

“ For some time I did not catch sight of the fellow I wanted with
the gun in his hand, but presently I saw my friend going quietly
along some distance ahead of me. Directly he saw me he started
into a brisk walk, which gradually quickened intoarun. It seemed
as though he knew who I was, There happened to be some sheep
folded in the field where we were, and several lines of hurdles which

By the Rev. Canon J. E. Jackson, F.S.A. 171

I conceived would have checked his flight for a bit, but as he came
to each hurdle he went over it like a buck. I thought I knew him
then. He was a noted deer killer, and had been pursued by as
many as seventeen of my Lord Shaftesbury’s keepers, but had eluded
them all. His name was Thomas Amy, and such was his swiftness
of foot that he boasted he could out-run anybody’s keepers.

“When I saw it was he I almost gave it up as a bad job, more
particularly as he was so far in advance of me, and with the sheep
hurdles between us. Now and then he looked round in a mocking
kind of manner, as much as to say, ‘ You are a stout man if you
think to take me,’ and he seemed so ‘lissom’ like, and so active,
that I verily thought I should have to put the chase off for that
day at least. But somehow I felt that I would not allow him to
beat me; and I was a youngish man then, and not easily daunted
by anything, so I took a resolution to follow him, come what would.
Throwing off my smock frock and pitching away the trimming
hook, I bundled through the hurdles, scrambled through an adjoining
hedge, and beheld my man some distance away, making his best
pace, thinking to out-run me at once, and so get clear off. I fol-
lowed him smartly, but it was trying work racing over the heavy
land. I thought at one time that I should never lessen the distance
between us, but by degrees I got nearer and nearer, till I could hear
his laboured breathing and puffing. ‘This gave me some encourage-
ment. I continued to follow, though at several yards behind, hoping
to get at him by and by.

«You may fancy, Sir, that at this time I was not altogether in a
condition to keep up the chase, and if it had not been for a feeling
within me that I would take him if possible, I could not have con-
tinued to follow him for many minutes longer. A short time
brought us both to the Blandford Road, having run four miles.

“T was still jogging on and thinking how I should get up to him
when all of a sudden he stopped short, and turning round at the

same time presented his gun, on full cock, at my body. He swore
_as he did so that if I came nearer he would fire into me.

(The gun, as afterwards proved, was loaded with twelve slugs, or

small bullets.)

172 Cranborne Chase.

“ Something, however, made him hesitate—I don’t know what—
and he ran forward again, right down through the entrenchment.

“T was gaining on him—TI felt it—my blood was up, I would
have him, and was already within ten yards of him by dint of sheer
struggling. A few minutes more and I should have come to elose
quarters. Suddenly he stopped and faced me, his body motionless,
the gun pointed at my head, and his eye looking along the barrel.

“ By said he, and he repeated the oath, if you advance
another step I will blow your head off.

“T gaw his determined eye, I heard his threat, I knew his piece
was on full cock, and his finger on the trigger, and the muzzle
pointed towards me, and yet I did not hesitate to advance. I
suppose, Sir, that, having run a long way, and being in kind of
excited state, I did not think of the danger I ran in bearing down
upon him, for I continued to move on with my eyes fixed upon him.

“« Perhaps he feared to fire lest he should be seen. I noticed that
he turned his face once in the direction of Thorny Down public-
house, which was about two hundred yards off, when immediately
afterwards I was upon him, and knocking up the gun with one
hand, I piaced the other upon his neckhandkerchief. No words
were spoken; it became then a matter of strength. Without any
boasting I may say I was a strong man, and it used to be said of
me that if I once gripped a man he could not get free, and the

only way to master me was to knock me down before he got within
reach of my arm. Thomas Amy, the man I had just gripped, was
a powerful man in his way, and a noted wrestler. He was accus-
tomed to wear iron kicking-plates which projected from the tips of
his boots, and were filed up sharp. With these on his feet he used
to wrestle with and beat off the keepers. With these he kicked my
legs, and the bone was cut in notches— took out in chips,’ just as
if you had cut it with a hook. I managed to get him quiet at last,
and to take his gun in my left hand while I held him with the
other, and tried to make him walk with me to Thorny Down publie-
house, where I could rest awhile before I returned home. I hada
job with him. He would not walk. I had to drag him the whole
way. Before we had proceeded far he ‘ rebelled,’ and I was forced to

sce

>

5 am ge et

os RB

By the Rev. Canow J, FE. Jackson, F.8.A. 173

put the gun down, and ‘tackle’ him again. We went at it, up and
down, throwing each other about, sometimes I was undermost and
he above, but by good luck I ‘ pacified’? him and took him on as
before. Close to the public-house he began again, and seemed
fresher than before. He kicked my shins to such an extent that I
eould scarcely stand, and finding he could not get away, held me by
the cheek with his teeth [Barrett had the mark of this bite till his
death], which caused me great agony. To relieve myself I took
him by his throat and choked him. I held him there till his face
was as black as your hat before he would leave go. I gave him
some hard tumbles in my turn, but they were nothing to how he
served me.

“We reached the inn at last, and after giving him into the care
of the landlord, who was a friend of mine, I called for some brandy
and proceeded to bathe my poor legs with it. I did not think of
the consequences at the time, but so great was the pain through the
application of this spirit, I felt almost mad. The flesh was kicked
off to the bone.

“ By and by I took my prisoner to Lord Rivers, who was very
kind to me. After hearing my evidence he sent me home in a cart
with some soft straw at the bottom, for now that-I had given the
man into safe custody I could not stand. On my arrival at home I
went to bed. When I came down stairs again I found the gun or
carbine in the corner where it had been placed after removal from
the cart, and it was on full cock. I had not noticed this in my ex-
citement, but it seems I had carried it the whole way in that state,
and when I was placed in the cart to be taken home it had been laid
down beside me. It was a mercy it did not go off. The weapon
could be taken in three pieces, just such a one as you have in your
hall, Sir.

“Thomas Amy was sent for trial in due course, Mr. Philip Chitty
acting as attorney for Lord Rivers; Mr. Williams was counsel—
afterwards Judge Williams. The prisoner only got six months.

Everyone expected he would have been transported.”

174

Sketch of the Geology of the Aeighbourhood
of Shattesbury.

By the Rev. T. Perxins, M.A., Head Master of Shaftesbury School.

(Read before the Society at Shaftesbury, August, 1884,)

\ GLANCE at the map of England in which the chief

yy groupings only of the geological formations are indicated by

different colours is sufficient to show that the town of Shaftesbury,

where we are assembled to-night, is in the centre of a most in-

teresting district, if diversity of geological formation lends interest
to any place. j

Not many miles to the south-west the trias, or new red sandstone,
starting from the neighbourhood of Sidmouth, stretches—though
much interrupted by other rocks—in a north-easterly direction, to
the Midlands, where, divided by the coal-fields of Derby, it branches
out to the mouth of the Tees, on the east coast, and the mouth of
the Dee, on the west. Then, again, to the east of the trias, and
therefore nearer to Shaftesbury, we see on the map the irregular
ragged-edged bands representing the different members of the lias
and oolite. Then, again, in the southern part of Dorset, and again
to the immediate north-east of Shaftesbury, we have the marine
beds of Portland, with their excellent building stone, overlaid by the
fresh water beds of Purbeck.

Then Shaftesbury itself stands upon the upper greensand, a
member of the cretaceous system, while the chalk—another member
of the same—rises into “the long backs of the bushless downs,”
which, when the shadows of passing clouds chase each other across
their softly rounded forms, give such a charm to our scenery ; and
then, further to the south, you find that the lower members of the
‘tertiary system are also represented on the map.

But when we turn our attention from the general map of England
to one drawn on a larger scale, such as the Ordnance Map which
represents a mile by an inch, in which the sub-divisions of the

Sketch of the Geology of the Neighbourhood of Shaftesbury. 175

different systems are represented by different colours, the variety is
still more striking. In the map before you, copied from portions of
Sheets 15 and 18, embracing a rectangular area of twenty-four
miles east and west, by twenty-two miles north and south, no Jess
than ten different colours are used, and these show that within this
area ten different rock formations reach the surface, or are only
thinly overlaid by the skin, so to say, of surface-soil, due to the
decomposition of mineral, vegetable, and animal matter, aided by
the plough and the earth-worm.

I must now take you back for I know not how many thousands
of years, to the time when those rocks of which I have spoken were
being slowly deposited, as sediment, upon the floors of seas, shallow
or deep, or in the deltas of large rivers. It is difficult to know
where to begin the description, but I think it will be best to imagine
that the red rocks of the trias have been already deposited in vast
inland lakes, for in the Triassic Age, you must remember, that
what is now England formed part of a continent of which modern
Europe was also a part. A gradual subsidence of the land then
began, and a series of islands wereformed. The old rocks of Wales,
Devon, and Cornwall, which now, although they have endured for
countless ages the inevitable waste which rocks exposed to the air
always suffer, still may be classed as mountains, then rose over the
Jurassic sea, and round their shores the lias, and then the oolite
beds, were deposited in salt water. The lias clays are well seen at
Lyme, and are noted for the fossil remains of ammonites, belemnites,
and nautili, and of those immense lizard-like reptiles whose
skeletons—sometimes over 20ft. in length—have been found well
preserved in the blue clay. The lias district in many places is
somewhat flat, or only gently undulating, and forms good pasture
land. Next we come to the lower oolites, which, commencing
between the Chesil Bank and Bridport, stretch by way of Beaminster
and Sherborne to Bath and onward. They consist chiefly of yellow
limestone, often composed of rounded grains, like the roe of a fish,
cemented by calcareous matter. From this peculiar appearance the

name of oolite, or egg-stone, is derived. I must not describe these
rocks in any detail, but must come nearer home and call your

176 Sketch of the Geology of the Neighbourhood of Shaftesbury.

attention to the forest marble, as it is called, which borders the sea
for some distance between Portland and Bridport, and then runs
on to Wincanton and northward. It forms a poor wet soil, mostly
pasture, and consists of a shelly limestone, which has in some places
the character of ornamental marble. Some varieties, quarried in
the neighbourhood of Sherborne, are polished and sold as “ Yeovil
Marble.” Over this, and appearing to the west of it as a narrow
band of about half-a-mile in width, and about 30ft. deep, we find
the cornbrash giving evidence, by its composition, of having been
deposited in shallow water. This formation, when partially de-
composed at its surface, forms a very fertile soil, and hence it derives
its name of cornbrash, or corn-growing rubble. You will notice
that Stalbridge and Templecombe are situated on it.

Overlying this comes the Oxford clay, across which the Somerset
and Dorset Railway runs from Templecombe to Sturminster, and
which in that district is drained by the Stour. This Oxford clay is
stiff and difficult to work, consequently most of it is permanent
pasture land.

Above this, still further to the east, we find the coral rag, on
which Stour Provost and Sturminster Newton stand, and in the
railway cutting near Sturminster Station a good section is seen. The
soil is a light arable one, the pasture is poor and unproductive, but
in places the rock is harder, and is quarried for building purposes—
the stone from Todber being well known.

Next we reach the broad belt of Kimeridge clay, taking its name
from Kimeridge, in the Isle of Purbeck. It skirts our greensand
all along the west, and forms a flat or undulating country, across
which we get so fine a view from the western end of the escarpment
of Castle Hill at Shaftesbury. The soil is clay, and in rainy seasons
the country is often converted by floods into a series of shallow
lakes, which, though most cordially detested by the dwellers in the
vale, certainly supply temporarily the one thing, from a picturesque
point of view, wanting in our scenery—namely water. This Kim-
eridge clay is a most extensive formation ; it is to be met with at
the surface in various places all the way from Dorset to Yorkshire,
-and deep borings in the wealden district of Kent and Surrey have

eee TT,

lO LEO

By the Rev. T. Perkins, uA. 177

shown that it underlies the Portland beds, which themselves underlie
the wealden formations there, and reaches a greater thickness than
in Dorset, having been probably deposited in a deeper sea.

Above the Kimeridge clay lies the Portland sand, and above this
the Portland stone, which has so high a reputation as a building
stone. It is quarried in the Isle of Portland, and also at Chilmark,
near Fonthill, near Tisbury, and at Chicksgrove ; at the last-named
place the beds are level, whereas at the other three they are much
inclined. Not all the Portland beds are useful as building stone,
but some of the stone from these local quarries is excellent and
it was from them that the stone of which Salisbury Cathedral
is built was obtained.

Throughout these liassic and oolitie times the land had been
gradually sinking, but, after the deposition of the Portland beds a
gradual upheaval took place, which, though probably not very
marked, threw the oolitic strata out of the horizontal plane, giving
them a slight dip to the east, and also once more uniting the islands
of the west to the continent. These islands now took the form of
mountains rising above the plain of the upper oolites, across which
from unknown sources a mighty river ran, which had its delta in
the area now occupied by the south-eastern part of what is now
England, by part of the English Channel and by the north-eastern
part of France. In the Vale of Wardour in the west, in the-
neighbourhood of Boulogne in the east, in the Isle of Wight in
the south, and in Buckinghamshire in the north, these estuarine
deposits are found. If we measure the distance east and west we
find it two hundred miles, and if we measure the distance north and
south we find it one hundred miles. But there is every reason to

suppose that these estuarine and fresh water deposits extended still

further, and probably the area of the delta was over thirty thousand

square miles—not far short in size of the delta of the Ganges and
Brahmaputra combined. So that we may safely say that this old

river of wealden times was equal in size to some of the largest rivers
of the modern world. To the west of the plain through which it
flowed rose the hills of Devon, separated from the hills of Wales by

a broad plain—now the Bristol Channel—the Mendip Hills lay

178 Sketch of the Geology of the Neighbourhood of Shaftesbury.

buried beneath the oolites, the central part of England was a plain,
bounded by the hills of the north. How far to the west the land
extended we cannot say, to the east it stretched right away to the
continent.

This period is known as the Wealden from the Weald of Kent
and Sussex, where these estuarine deposits are exposed by the removal
by denudation of the cretaceous strata, which were subsequently
deposited on them. The wealden system consists of :—

Weald clay.

Hastings sands and clay.

Purbeck limestone.
Slow submergence now set in, and the sea gradually occupied the
wealden area, the fresh water weald clay almost imperceptibly
passing into the marine Atherfield clay of the Isle of Wight, which
also encircles the Weald of Kent and Sussex.

Next the lower greensand was deposited, in seas still shallow.
After its deposition it was elevated, denuded, and then again sank
beneath the sea; and as the land sank the gault—a stiff bluish
micaceous clay—was deposited uncomformably on the edges of the
older and slightly-tilted strata. This gault underlies the hill on
which our town is built, and its exposed edge is marked on the map
by the dark blue band which runs round this hill and skirts both
sides of the Vale of Wardour. The sinking still continued near the
western shore of the sea; the coarse-grained greensand was de-
posited, while, at a greater distance from the shore, towards the
east, finer particles were laid down, forming fine-grained calcareous
rock, akin to chalk, for it is always noticed that the heavier particles
borne down by streams to the sea settle near the shore, while the
finer ones are often carried by the force of the current far out to sea.
As the sinking still continued the greensand deposits followed the
shore, retreating westward, and outlying patches of this formation
in Devon show how far to the west the sea flowed in these ages; in
the east, where the water was much deeper, calcareous ooze, composed
of the remains of tiny organisms which sank to the bottom of the
deep sea, somewhat resembling, though not identical with, the ooze
which is now forming on the floor of the Atlantic, was deposited ;

By the Rev. T. Perkins, M.A. 179

and as the subsidence still continued this calcareous ooze extended
further and further west. This is what we call chalk marl and
chalk ; inter-stratified with the chalk we find layers of flint. This
chalk formation is a very extensive one, for not only the south and
south-east of England, but much of the Continent of Europe, lay
buried beneath the silent sea in cretaceous times. But this state of
things was not to continue for ever. Upheaval took place once
more, and for a long period the chalk districts of England remained
dry land; then rain began its work, and the soft chalk was removed
from the flanks of the Devon and Somerset hills, leaving in places
thick beds of flints behind, as on the Blackdown Hills, near Taunton,
which have been formed from the coming together of many thin
layers of flint, as the intervening chalk was washed away. How
long this continental period lasted I do not know. At length
subsidence began again, and the south-eastern part of England
became the delta of another great river, and in it the tertiary beds,
partly fresh water, partly estuarine, and partly indicating the
existence of shallow seas, were laid down. ‘These tertiary beds
are now found in two areas known as the London and Hampshire
basins with chalk between them, but there is every reason to believe
that these beds were once continuous, but that owing to the rising
of a central line stretching from the Vale of Wardour to the east of
England a range of low hills was formed, from which, by the process
known as denudation, all the tertiary beds were removed from the
chalk between the London and Hampshire basins, and in the west
still further changes were wrought. Of the eocene formation the
lower beds are to be met with about fifteen miles south-east of
Shaftesbury across the downs, where the north-west edge of the
Hampshire basin overlies the chalk.

Now [ must call your attention for a short time to the existing
state of things in this neighbourhood. To the south you must have
noticed the long range of hills, distinguished by their rounded
outline, their smooth surface, the absence of trees, and the presence
of soft fine turf, for centuries the pasture land of countless flocks of

_. sheep. These are the chalk downs.

Our town stands at the north-western corner of a somewhat level

180 Sketch of the Geology of the Neighbourhood of Shaftesbury.

‘band of greensand, which skirts the chalk all round and forms a-

bold escarpment, overlooking the Vale of Blackmore to the west
and the Vale of Wardour to the north. As you come to Shaftesbury
from Semley, soon after leaving the station you have a good view of
this escarpment, three bold headlands like sea-cliffs stand out one
behind the other, very similar in shape, all alike clothed with pine
trees on their sides and summits; and below this escarpment the
layer of gault forms a slope at its outcrop, and bears up the water
which soaks through the greensand above, and in this zone you
meet with oaks, contrasting with the pine trees above. Another
fine view is to be met with on Castle Hill, where to the east is seen
the greensand escarpment at King Settle, and .a conical wooded
hill about two miles to the west, called Duncliffe, which is an outlier
of the greensand. And as we look at it and remember that all the
intervening space was once filled with similar rock, and that it has
been gradually removed by the action of rain and frost and snow,
we can form some idea of the vastness of geological time, and this
idea is intensified when we remember that not only has this green-
sand disappeared, but all the chalk which lay above it, uniting the
chalk downs above Melbury with those about Knoyle.

Now we will examine the Vale of Wardour more carefully.
Turning to the map we notice that the gault lies uncomformably on
various wealden and oolitic strata. At the western end of the vale
on its south side it rests on Kimeridge clay, between Pyt House and
‘Wardour on Portland beds, then on the Purbeck beds; then, as the
valley narrows, the gault crosses to the northern side and lies for a
short distance on Hastings sand; then, as we follow it westward,
along the northern side we find it lying on Purbeck and Portland
beds, gradually thinning till between Fonthill and Knoyle it dis-
appears, and the greensand, which overlies the gault all round the
valley, rests directly on Kimeridge clay.

Moreover, when we examine the dip of the strata, we find that
on the south they dip towards the south, on the north towards the
north, showing that the remaining rocks form parts of an anticlinal.

We must now enquire how this state of things came about, In
the first place the fact that the gault rests unconformably on the

By the Rev, T. Perkins, M.A. 181

upper oolite and Purbeck beds shows that after the deposition of
these a tilting of these strata took place, giving them an easterly
dip, then, by the action of water, these strata were shaved across,
and the gault Jaid down upon them, then, as I have already described,
greensand and chalk were deposited further and further to the west
as the land subsided and the western shore of the sea retreated
westward, then on these the eocene beds were laid. Subsequently
to this, possibly in miocene times, when along the line of the Alps
a similar elevation took place, a ridge or anticlinal was formed,
running east and west. This was probably caused by the gradual
shrinking of the earth, due to the loss of heat, which naturally
produces folds and crumpling of the surface, similar to the wrinkling
of the skin of an apple which is laid by after it has been gathered ;
though, of course, not to anything like the same extent, when the
comparative size of the earth and apple are taken into account.
This crumpling was a gradual process, and possibly along the axis
of the anticlinal, the strata were strained and weakened, denudation
then commenced, the ridge of the anticlinal was first shaved off, in
the eastern part of England the eocene clays disappeared between
the London and Hampshire basins, leaving rocks of the cretaceous
system at the surface, while in Sussex and Kent in places the
eretaceous rocks also were removed, and the weald sands and clays
laid bare, here, in the Vale of Wardour, denudation advanced still
further, and as we have seen its Purbeck and Portland beds have
been cut through, and at the western end of the valley the Kimeridge
clay is exposed. Of course this work is still going on here, as well
as everywhere, where land rises above the sea, and water, in its
various forms, and other disintegrating agents are at work, gradually
lowering all the land, but lowering it irregularly as they meet with
rocks of different degrees of hardness. Hence is brought about the
great variety of contour in our landscape, and we who live at
Shaftesbury have every reason to be thankful to these disintegrating
agents for the way in which they have done their work ; for, which-
ever way we turn our eyes, as we stand upon any of the high ground
here, whether it be east or west, north or south, a landscape of sur-
_- passing loveliness is spread out before.us.

VOL. XXII.—NO, LXV. 0

182

“On Gnostic Amulets.” *

By the Rev. W. F. SHorr.

(Read before the Society at Shaftesbury, August, 1884.)

(E=ZHE subject 1 have been asked to address you on is so large,
Wy and touches on so many others, that I trust all will pardon
me if this paper seems, to any expert very sketchy and inadequate,
to the majority a little dull. I propose to say a little about the
materials employed, something of the methods used at different
periods, something of the styles of different nations, and, lastly,
something of the last dying efforts of classical work, as found in
the class of seals, amulets, &c., known as gnostic.

And first we must remember that the history of gem-cutting, or,
at least, intaglio-cutting, is really the history of art in all ages.

The pre-historic cave-dweller in Auvergne, who scratched with a
flint chip his rude pictures of mammoths, and horses, and buffaloes,
on a fragment of slate, was as truly an intaglio-cutter as the Greek
artist, who sketched, so to say, with a splinter of diamond on sard
or carbuncle his own or another’s lovely conceptions of gods, or
heroes, or men.

And with the very dawn of history we find the art full grown.
Those Chaldean cylinders of hard stone, carved at least four thousand
years ayo, though quaint and full of mannerism, are as true and
accurately worked as any modern artist could wish to produce; and
if we turn to Egypt, we find the well-known scarabs, or beetle stones,
not, it is true, generally in such hard stone, but quite as truly worked,
and claiming a date which might be called fabulous by many.

1TIn printing this paper I feel bound to acknowledge how much obligation I
owe to the books of Mr. King, Mr. Story Maskelyne, and others. Mr. King’s
works, especially, I have found most useful, though often differing from the
conclusions drawn in them.—W.F.S,

“ On Gnostic Amulets.” 188

Following down the stream of history we have the intaglio-cutting
of the names of the twelve tribes on the high priest’s breastplate,
and these on very hard and valuable stones—some of the presents,
perhaps, with which the Egyptians seem to have bribed Israel at
the last to leave their land. And let me remind my hearers that
such works of art are practically almost indestructible, and almost
certainly exist at the present day, whether as some suppose, at the
bottom of the Mediterranean, or in the Sultan’s treasury at Con-
stantinople, or dispersed among private hands, which little know
their meaning or history. In an age which has found and deciphered
Sennacherib’s seal, and which possesses the actual clay impression
which ratified the treaty between himself and his Egyptian enemy, is it
quite preposterous to hope that these priceless intaglios may, some
of them at least, come to light?

I have spoken of the materials used for these intaglios. An
objection has been raised that the cutting of such hard stones would
have been impossible to such an uncivilized horde as the Israelites
were. But, centuries before this,rock crystal (as this specimen shows)
and I believe even harder stones were engraved by the Chaldzeans and
Egyptians, and the art may well have been learned by some at least
of the subject nation. These crystal cylinders are, however, the
exception. Black or greenish serpentine or hematite were the
commonest materials used in Chaldza, and later in Assyria, and in
my own small collection three-fourths of the seals are of these.
The cylinders or seals are piereed, and were worn on the wrist by a
soft cord passing through them. You will remember the various
allusions in the Old Testament to the signet upon the hand. Saul’s
bracelet, brought to David on his death, was probably the royal seal.
In this use they contrasted with the Egyptian beetle seals, which,
though pierced, seem to have been worn in a ring or metal handle.
These, again, were—even when used by royal personages—generally
made of stealite or some soft stone (often of baked clay.) (I have
seen a magnificent exception to this, taken by its owner from the
neck of a royal mummy, of, I believe, yellow jasper, 3in. long, and
still attached to the gold chain with bronze collar which held it

round the neck.)
o 2

184 “< On Gnostic Amulets.”

When art moved westward it as a rule adopted other materials,
and especially the sard, with all its varieties, which throughout
Greek and Roman times is the popular seal stone, which in
fact it still remains, no other stone uniting the qualities of
toughness, facility of working, richness of colour, high polish, &c.
It has been supposed that the Greek especially affected the lighter
kind of sard, transparent yellow and light red; while the Etruscan
almost invariably use their native carnelian, a dark opaque red, for
their peculiar and often puzzling signets; but this is anything but a
certain rule, as fine Greek work may be found on garnet and other
precious stones. After the conquests of Alexander, the East, now
opened for commerce, supplied a variety of material for the graver’s
art, and in Roman times every kind of gem, except the diamond,
was pressed into the service. The ruby, emerald, sapphire, garnet,
were used, while all the endless varieties of sard, sardonyx, onyx,
niccolo, jasper, &c., will be found represented in an ordinary col-
lection. One stone I believe to be peculiar to Roman art—the
so-called red jasper (bole ammoniac) easily worked, and very showy.
Some of the finest heads known, as the Minerva in the Vienna
collection, are engraved on it.

The modern method of engraving by the wheel was not known
to the ancients: it is suid to have been invented in Domitian’s time.
And the earlier work shows at once that the deeper part of the en-
graving was made by means of the common drill, the details being
inserted by careful scratching with the diamond point. Some,
however—especially the Archaic Greek and Italo Greek, are sketched
on the stone with the diamond point alone. The Roman artist,
aiming at bolder effect than the Greek, used the drill freely, even
for the hair of portrait busts, and often thus sunk his design very
deeply in the stone, finishing it, as before, with the diamond point.
(All this is more or less conjecture. Greek artists cut signets for
Roman owners, &c.)

With the invention of the wheel a death-blow was struck to the
glyptic art. The comparative facility and rapidity with which
designs could be re-produced made the occupation a mere trade. It
was no longer the artist who designed and carved the work, but

By the Rev. W. F. Short. 185

the mere workman who copied it more or less accurately. About
this time, too, arose the great demand for engraved amulets and
charms, the fruit of the superstition which is the invariable accom-
paniment of an utterly vicious society ; and the Roman world was
flooded with intaglios, barbarous in their execution, fantastic in
their design, sometimes half-Christian, half-heathen, and many of
them quite unfit to exhibit.

One word about the various style of art shewn in its different
stages. We can trace the stiff mannerism of the Chaldzan work,
growing more plastic as it passes through the Assyrian and Baby-
lonian periods (so ealled,) but still dealing with the same subjects—
the gods and their worship, monsters and warriors and kings; and
it is not hard to recognise in the earlier Greek work, a somewhat
similar motive, modified partly by a touch of Egyptian influence,
more by the intuitive grace and good taste of the Greek intellect.
But the way in which Greek art developed itself, and the perfect
technical mastery which the engravers seem to have acquired over
their somewhat intractable materials, seem to me quite unparalleled.
The entire freedom and grace of some of the Greek work, whether
in portraiture or in figure work, could not be surpassed if the artists
had possessed the magical power of moulding the hard stone like wax.

Side by side with the development of Greek art a style very
peculiar, and closely related, I think, to the rough drill work of.
Northern India is found in Etruria. Here the scarab form of signet
is invariable (it prevails more or less in Pheenicia, and even in
Greece), but the work is quite distinct from the Egyptian, and still
more, I think, from the Assyrian. In the ruder forms large and
small drill holes seem to have been sunk at proper intervals, to serve
as body, head and legs, and these were connected by lines scratched
with the diamond point, reminding me always strongly of the way
in which, long ago, in the nursery, we were taught to draw a cat.
There are found other scarabs in Italy, where the intaglio work is.
vigorous and graceful ; but I am disposed myself to refer all these,
though made of the same material as the Etruscan, to the better
taste and workmanship of the Greeks in Lower Italy.

From these combined influences, the Greek and Etruscan, the.

186 “ On Gnostie Amulets.”

Roman style seems to have arisen, but whereas the large majority
of antique gems now extant are Roman, it is obvious that to
speak of any style as peculiarly Roman is likely to be a misnomer.
We may fancy that we may detect in one gem the severe treat-
ment of the so-called Consular age, in another the boldness of the
Augustan, in another, again, the softness of the temporary revival
of the art under Hadrian ; but really when, throughout the immense
empire every freedman and many slaves too, earried their own
signet, and some at least wore engraved rings on every joint of
every finger, there was room for every variety of style, every degree
of skill.

But, as I have said, the profusion of intaglios, while it made the
fortune of the dealers, was the ruin of the art. A showy ring stone,
defaced by some hideous caricature of a well-known statue, looked
better at a distance on the finger than some exquisite engraving on
plain sard; and if an amulet was required, unless the magic formula
prescribed some special material, a common pebble, rudely scratched
with the words of a charm, or some mystic name or figure, was as
efficacious as the most costly gem, so that those who desired orna-
ment, or those that desired protection, were, as a rule, equally careless
of the execution of the work.

And it happened that just at the time of the degradation of the
art a curious impulse was given to the fabrication and sale of
amulets by the rise and spread (I must not say the beginning) of
the many sects of gnostics. Every member of these sects—and
they were very numerous—seems to have carried one of these stones
which answered a three-fold purpose: as an amulet it protected its
owner from various accidents and diseases ; as a secret token or pass
it made him known to his brethren in other cities or countries, and
entitled him to their help and hospitality ; as a charm, buried with
his dead body, it passed the soul through all the lower stages of
incorporeal existence, till it reached and became part of the Eternal
fulness, that central and vital force, which was, as I conceive, the
only Godhead which the true leaders of this mysterious movement
really recognized. This notion of a central and vital force, per-
meating and influencing all nature, yet impersonal and unknowable,

By the Rev. W. F. Short. 187

seems to bring us very near to some rather eccentric phases of what
is called modern thought, and doubtless the mind of man generally
works in a circle (some would say, perhaps, a spiral), and a real
knowledge of the doctrines held under many forms by the different
sects of gnostics would probably lead us back to very early forms of
Oriental mysticism, and at the same time give a clue to many lines
of speculation which we think purely modern: but unfortunately
no one has, it seems to me, ever done more than scratch the outside
of the system. The writers of their own time, Clement of
Alexandria, Epiphanius, Hippolitus, look upon them, apparently, as
heretics, renegades, professing to hold the only true Christian
doctrine. Modern writers are generally content to class them as
sun or nature worshippers, a very vague and inadequate definition.
They claimed, certainly, to have understood the inner meaning of
Christianity, and they worshipped the sun in a sense, but rather as
the Egyptian priests did, as the symbol of an unknowable power,
than as a god in itself. Whatever the real secret is, it is to be
found, I believe, in the inscriptions on their gems. These are
numberless, and comparatively very few have been made out, so
that there is, as Dr. Birch, of the British Museum, once told me, a
grand field of research open to any archeologist, who, with some
notion of comparative mythology, &c., plenty of time, and good
eyes, would undertake a task which would be really of immense
value in this age of expanded, perhaps often misdirected, thought.
(I once hoped to have done something in this way myself, but
my eyes have unfortunately failed me, and time is wanting.)
To return to the amulets, Basileides of Alexandria, the best
known leader of the sects, living about 130 A.D., invented a
monstrous form as a visible representation of the unknown divine,
namely, a human figure armed, with a cock’s head, and serpents for
legs. Here, probably, the head implied perfect wakefulness; the
armed body, strength; the shield protection ; the serpents, subtlety
- and wisdom, while the whip has been, unfortunately, in all ages the
Egyptian type of sovereignty.
Numberless gems are found with this figure upon them, and,
accompanied often by the mystic name of Abrasax, also invented by

188 “© On Gnostic Amulets.”’

Basileides (all the books call it Abraxas, but I have never met with
it written thus on the actual gems). The letters, when treated as
Greek numerals, make up the number three hundred and sixty-five,
and so connect the figure with the sun. It also means holy name.
Among other names borrowed from the Hebrew may be found
I.A.0.=Jehovah, Sabaoth, Michael, &., and the mysterious word
APdavabavadBa, a mere corruption of the Syriac “ Thou art our
tather,” but possessing as a charm the inestimable quality of reading
the same backwards or forwards.

Of the figure which I show on the back of which this last word
is cut, I could not for a long time guess any possible meaning,
but I happened not long ago to find, in one of Lucian’s dialogues,
the account of an impostor of Asia Minor, who, once a Christian,
professed to be inspired by the divine serpent, and held up for the
admiring crowd to worship an egg, supposed to contain the embryo
of the said serpent incarnated. J cannot help suspecting that we
have here a record of Lucian’s Alexander of Abonoteichus (wherever
that was), whom the satirist so justly abuses and laughs at.

The divine serpent introduces us to another class of gnostics, the
Ophites, or so-called serpent worshippers, whose gems are very
numerous. They seemed to have believed that the Creator of the
world, far from being all-mighty and all-loving, was an inferior, if
not an actually malevolent agent, and that the higher spirit, in the
form of the serpent, by inducing our first parents to eat the for-
bidden fruit, imparted to them that spark of divine knowledge
which shall finally raise them above their maker’s power. It is the
consciousness of this by their original maker, which produces all
man’s suffering in this world; for his maker, the Demiurgus, is
constantly endeavouring to seduce or compel those his creatures
whom he knows to be in reality his superiors—to be unfaithful to
their higher teaching, and submit to be incorporated into this
material world, of which he is the master.

(This hatred of all matter, as unclean, which was universal among
gnostics, is, I fancy, essentially Oriental.)

But this good serpent was somehow identified with the sun. I
suppose that here we have the gnostic connection with the Egyptian

By the Rev. W. F. Short. 189

esoteric belief, from which, indeed, they borrowed many, if not
most, of their symbols; and on their gems, therefore, he is repre-
sented with a lion’s head surrounded by rays, and often inscribed
Lewes Eva =the eternal sun (Chaldee). He is also called yvouPis
= the good spirit, and sometimes the giant queller. These Chaldean
terms point to another and earlier connection, namely, with the lost
civilization, and astronomical and so-ealled magical science of
Mesopotamia, and it would not be hard to show—if there were
time this evening—that India also contributed to the outward forms,
at least, of the gnostic belief, sending them, among other things,
and the whole Jatin world in the last few centuries, the popular
worship of Serapis, who is nothing but the Indian Yama, Lord of
the Dead.

Before leaving this part of the subject I would point out a curious
modification of the serpent form. The gem I exhibit is, perhaps, a
modern copy, but if so it is an accurate copy, of an old gnostic gem.
I believe it to be genuine. The serpent is replaced by a chrysalis,
with human face surrounded by the usual rays, and inscribed Semes
Eilam. At the foot, within lines, is the name I.A.O=Jehovah ; on
each side of the figure is read Avoy yorxvovBis=I am all the good
spirit: while outside appears, very badly spelt, yuyavtopyxta=
the giant queller, and another title which I do not understand. I
interpret this to be primarily the sun sleeping in its winter solstice,
with all the titles of the divinity of which it is the symbol, secon-
darily of the human soul bound in the chrysalis of the body, but
to be identified with the Eternal One when that chrysalis is burst
by death. To support this you may remember that in the old
Egyptian mythology, as shown in the celebrated “ Book of the
Dead,” the purified and perfected soul not only is received by, but
becomes mystically identified with, Ra, the spiritual sun, the Lord
of the unseen world.

I have said nothing, for want of time, of the series of gems and
sculptures connected with the worship of Mithras, the Persian sun-
god, which prevailed so widely at this time throughout the Roman
Empire, but these, too, were made by the gnostics, so universally
eclectic in their tastes, to contribute to their strange mystic

190 “© On Gnostic Amulets.”

symbolism. I show one gem only, representing the bull, emblem
of the earth, springing out upon her yearly course through the realms
of air. As these are generally represented by the moon and stars on
the field of the gem, one is at once reminded of “ the cow jumping
over the moon.” Indeed, the whole of that venerable rhyme might
be explained in a strictly gnostic sense.

I have said enough to show that to class the gnostics—as is done
by so many Church historians—as Christian heretics is as misleading
as it would be to call them Greek, or Indian, or Persian, in their
religion. They professed, evidently, to sit apart, judging all creeds,
and taking from each what fitted most symmetrically into their
own esoteric belief. But what that faith was, whether indeed there
was any continuous thread of deeper knowledge concealed under
their strange emblems, and interminable lists of angels and spirits
&c., I think is still a secret; and I believe it would be well worth
the trouble if some well skilled in archeology would try to unravel
it. What their speculations and their claims to purer and higher
knowledge led to may be read in Clement and Epiphanius, &c.
Only, it should be, in fairness, remembered, that these and others
are at once uncritical and bitterly hostile, and accusations almost as
startling and horrible were brought against the early Christians,
The tendency now-a-days is rather the other way, a sign, perhaps,
of what 1 have already hinted at, that the cycle of that particular
form of anti-Christian mysticism has nearly come round again, and
that these, to us, new forms of hostility, aiming at resolving
Christianity into its supposed elements, rather than denying it
altogether, must be met by the wider learning and moderation of
Christian divines.

191

ON THE
Occurrence of some of the Raver Species of
Hirds im the Aeighbourhood of Salisbury.
By the Rev. ArrHur P. Moress, Vicar of Britford.
(Continued from Vol. xxii., p. 106.)

NATATORES (continued).

CoLyMBIDZ.

Podiceps Cristatus. ‘ Great Crested Grebe.” We come now to
the Divers, so called from their marvellous powers of staying under
water in search of their food. None of them is more expert in
this respect than the present species. In 1860 the moors around
Athelney, in Somerset, were flooded almost the whole summer, the
hay rotting in the swath as it was cut, and innumerable kinds of
water birds were then to be found on the moor: and amongst others
several of the present species were killed and brought to Taunton.
Mr. Baker, of Mere, has an immature specimen in his collection
which was shot at Norton Ferris, in 1860 by Mr. J. Card, but I
have never seen them in our meadows. In fact they are not river
birds, requiring larger tracts of water to attract them. They fly
very much better than you would at first sight suppose, and can
fly high in the air as well as many of the Duck tribe. At Christ-
church they are plentiful in winter plumage, but not often obtained
in summer. Hart, however, killed one in full summer plumage in
March, 1877, and another later on in the year 1883.

Podiceps Griseigena. ‘The Red-necked Grebe.” This bird is
also found in the harbour in the winter: and Mr. Baker hasa
mature bird of this species, killed at Westbury in 1874. There are
three birds of this species in Hart’s collection, in summer plumage,
killed in the district in October, 1876, March, 1877, and February,

192 On the Occurrence of some of the Rarer Species of Birds

1879, respectively—another also being obtained in March, 1875.
Podiceps Auritus. “The Sclavonian Grebe.” ‘This bird has
occasionally been obtained in our immediate neighbourhood. One
was killed about 1865 at the back of the Close, almost in Salisbury :
and a second specimen I shot myself in our own parish. I was
taking a ramble in the meadows, when I espied this Grebe swimming
about among some Swans, and immediately perceived it was not a
Dabchick. I despatched, therefore, a brother-in-law, who was with
me, for a gun, while I walked up and down a little distance off the
bank, gently heading it when it was inclined to go too far. After
about half-an-hour’s absence the gun was brought, and exactly as
I took it in my hand, the bird dived for the first time. On its
coming up I fired, but it apparently dived at the shot, and I feared
I had lost it altogether; but soon after I happened to see it
ascending through the water, and secured it with the second
barrel before it had time to dive again. Mr. Baker has one which
was shot at Knoyle, on a sheep-pond, in 1874. Another of these
birds was brought in to King, of Warminster, in the winter of
1877, having been captured in a very curious way. A policeman—
William Merritt—was walking down the streets of Warminster,
one dark cold night, while it was snowing heavily, when he heard a
flight of birds pass over his head, and shortly after was startied by
hearing a heavy thud in the road behind him, and on turning round to
see what it could be, he picked up a Sclavonian Grebe; its plumageand
wings being so encrusted with frozen snow that it could no longer
use them. It was apparently dead, but, on being held to the fire,
the warmth partially restored it. It was well set up by King.
This bird is common at Christchurch in winter. In the winter
of 1882-3 a dozen specimens or so were brought in; and one was
obtained there, in perfect summer plumage, on April 26th, 1878.
Podiceps Nigricollis. “The Eared Grebe.” This bird is con-
siderably rarer than the last-mentioned one, though some may now
and then be mistaken for the former species, as in their winter
plumage they much resemble each other. There is one difference,
however, by which you can always distinguish them, which is the
beak: the beak of the Eared Grebe turning slightly but decidedly

In the Neighbourhood of Salisbury. 193

upwards, while that of the Sclavonian turns slightly downwards.
Hart has three birds of this kind in perfect summer plumage ; two
of them having been obtained in the spring of 1853. Another was
also shot by Mr. T. M. Pike during last year. I have never come
across it in this parish.

Tachybaptes Fluviatitis. “The Little Grebe,” known familiarly
by the name of Dabchick. This bird is plentiful in our meadows,
and I expect does some considerable amount of mischief in the amount
of spawn and small fry it consumes. One winter day I counted
no less than twenty-six of them that had all congregated together
in a flock. They are sharp active little birds; but I have often
caught them alive in my hands, as they are very reluctant to take
wing, and when forced to do so merely skim along the surface,
leaving a long trail behind them ir the water. On one occasion a
Short-horned Owl was caught alive in some rushes by the old
“drowner,” in the act of devouring a Dabchick, which he had
partially eaten. It is curious how the Owl could have got hold of
it, but he must have pounced upon it unexpectedly as it rose close
to the rushes where he was in hiding. Wishing to secure one in
summer plumage I asked the old “drowner” in our meadows to look
out for one for me—and this he very soon did, fishing one out from
under the water between the spikes of his eel-stitcher, as it was
diving under the surface. Even these little birds have far greater
powers of flight than one would naturally have given them credit
for; and Hart tells me that one evening during flight-time he
killed two birds flying high over his head at a great pace, which
turned out to be a pair of our little friends.

Colymbus Glacialis. “The Great Northern Diver.” We come
now to the family of the true Divers, which well deserve their
name, as they will stay under water after their prey for two or three
minutes, or even more—a much longer time than you imagine,
when you duly time it with your watch. These magnificent birds
are more or less frequent all round our coasts, but you do not
commonly find them so far south as we are, in the perfect summer
plumage of the adult bird. They are generally seen near the shore,
as they do not seek their prey in very deep waters. I have observed

194 On the Occurrence of some of the Rarer Species of Birds

them on the coast at Bournemouth, and watched their re-appearance,
timing them by my watch. The best way to secure a specimen is ~
to chase them in a good fast-sailing yacht, looking out sharply for
them as they emerge after their dive—but in a rowing boat they
will always out-distance you altogether. On December 30th of
last year, as we were just in the narrow reach of water that joins
Poole Harbour with the open sea, a fine bird of this species flew
right over our boat from the sea into the harbour. My son, E. A.
Morres, who was with me, let fly at it, and hit it hard underneath,
but was a little behind it. It settled about half-a-mile off; and
was too hard hit to dive unless closely pressed—but even then it
took nine barrels on the water before we secured it. It seemed to
dive at the shot every time, until at last it was fairly worn out. It
weighed nearly 10lbs., and was in good, though, of course, winter
plumage. Three others we saw afterwards in Studland Bay, and
managed to hem them in between ourselves and the shore, but our
boat was travelling very slowly, and in about five minutes they had
worked completely round us, simply by diving, and were two miles
away in the open sea. In November, 1882, several of these
birds were shot by Mr. T. M. Pike in the Bournemouth Bay,
in their summer dress. Hart also secured one on October
17th, 1872, in good summer plumage, and another on February
14th, 1877, which had nearly assumed its summer garb. ‘This
class of birds would seem to change their plumage in a very
short space of time—even in a few days; and also vary a good
deal in the time of their change, possibly according to the season
or age of the bird. You may occasionally obtain good specimens
of this bird from the fishing nets, in which they helplessly entangle
themselves. They are not supposed generally to breed upon our
coasts, and are said te disappear from the Orkney and Shetland
Isles when they have donned their summer dress in June. But I
was very pleased to hear from Mr. Lionel Hinxman, who has been
spending some time in the extreme North of Scotland, that in the.
early summer of the present year he came across two pairs of these
fine birds, with their young ones, on the West Coast of Sutherland,
not far from Cape Wrath. Each pair had two young birds with |

In the Neighbourhood of Salisbury. 195

them, and he spent some time in watching them feed their young,
which was most interesting. One pair he noticed in June, and the
other pair early in July.

Colymbus Arcticus. ‘‘The Black-throated Diver.” This bird is
a much rarer bird with us than the preceding one; not so large,
but when in adult breeding plumage quite as handsome. Mr.
Baker writes me word that one of these birds was killed near
Salisbury, in December, 1872, and sent to King, of Warminster, to
be set up, where he saw it. The bird was in transition plumage.
He has another specimen, also, in his own collection, killed at Seaton,
in the winter of 1873. Hart had three birds, sent him in almost
perfect summer dress, on December 19th, 1874, and one in the
winter of 1882-3. He has one of quite perfect plumage, but this
was in his father’s collection, and was obtained in the district many
years back. Mr. E. Jacob, of the Close, writes me, “I sent Ward,
in Piccadilly, two Black-throated Divers that I shot in Sweden ; he
wrote to say that he had never received two such perfect specimens
before; he has mounted them as I suggested, on artificial water,
and they are now in his window (August 1884), in Piccadilly, and
every day the centre of an admiring crowd, as I witnessed myself
last week.”

Colymbus Septentrionalis, ‘The Red-throated Diver.” This
bird is much more common than the preceding one, and is more
often found inland ; and is much smaller in its dimensions altogether
than the last two species. Mr. Baker has one which was captured,
after a severe storm, on Knoyle Down—it was exhausted, and not
able to rise, and Mr. R. Godwin struck it down with a riding-whip,
and so secured it. They are frequent in winter on our south coast ;
and would seem to hold their summer plumage, occasionally, through-
out the winter. Hart killed one on October 11th, 1881, in summer
garb, and another, about the same time, changing its dress. As
with all the other Divers, it presents a very different appearance in
the winter plumage, in which it is generally seen. Mr. Hinxman
found many pairs of them breeding in Scotland, and Mr. E. Jacob
tells me they abound in Norway, where he could have procured any
number of specimens in full summer plumage that he wanted.

196 On the Occurrence of some of the Rarer Species of Birds

Lomeria Troile. ‘The Common Guillemot.” Sometimes called
the foolish Guillemot, from its surprising tameness in its breeding
haunts, where it will at times allow you to knock it over with a
stick. They are common round our coasts. They breed in the
Isle of Wight and on St Alban’s Head, and in 1880 Hart caught
two young ones on Christchurch Ledge. I have shot them in
Torbay; but they will be always connected in my mind witha
most enjoyable passage I had in 1883 from Waterford to Milford
Haven. It was a most lovely summer evening, and the sea as
smooth as the typical mill-pond ; and about midway in the Channel
the whole sea was alive with these birds, mingled with them being
the Puffin, and the Razor Bill. I never saw birds look so apparently
happy, and so much at home as they did on the bosom of the wide
ocean. They seemed to offer a type of a free and careless life that
knew no trouble, and which was circumscribed by no given bounds.
It is most curious how the single egg of these birds invariably differs
one from another— you never get two alike, for they vary in shape,
size, and colour, and you might almost think that it was so arranged
in order that each bird might be able to pick out its own individual
ege the easier, from the hundreds that are often laid quite close to
one another.

Uria Lacrymans. “ Bridled Guillemot.” Whether this bird is a
distinct species, or only a variety of the former, I should think was
extremely doubtful. They are almost precisely similar, with the
exception of the white mark running from the corner of the eye.
They are, anyhow, not common to meet with, and are prized by
collectors as rarities. Hart shot one at Christchurch on February
17th, 1883, and on February 18th, in the same year, he picked up
one dead on the coast, among forty or fifty of the common sort,
which had succumbed to a strong southerly gale. It was in full
summer plumage. This bird is said to breed exclusively with its
own species, though in company with the common sort; and in
Teeland and that district it is said to be known by a different pro-
vincial name, and that the natives at once distinguish it; and can
separate not only the bird, but the eggs, from those of the common
species.

Oe Cit Oe

In the Neighbourhood of Salisbury. 197

Uria Grylle. “The Black Guillemot.” This bird is very rarely
found on our south coast. It is a much more elegant bird than the
other species, and is more striking both in its summer and winter
dress. Hart could only tell me of one specimen, and that was
procured in Swanage Bay, in January, 1862. I found I had one
of these birds, unknown to myself for a Jong time, in my own
collection ; but it was placed under the pad of an Arctic Fox that I
have; and which was brought home from one of Sir Edward Parry’s
expeditions, now nearly sixty years ago.

Meryulus Alle. “The Little Auk.” This funny little bird often
falls a prey to the storme that break upon our coasts, and is not
rarely picked up dead on the shore. It occurs at Christchurch
frequently, and is often obtained there in this way. I believe I lost
a specimen of this bird not long ago from my own parish, from the
carelessness of some of our village boys. They found a small bird
on one of our high fields, that they had never seen before, which
eould not escape from them owing to its being quite exhausted,
They kept on playing with it, and throwing it up in the air, till at
last one, wiser than the rest, suggested that they should take it
down to the vicarage, as they would be sure to get something for
it—but, before carrying out their intention, one of them said, “ Let’s
throw it up once more,” and the bird so far regained the use of its
wings as to be able to escape from its tormentors, and also from
being perpetuated in my collection, and they never saw it again.
From the boys’ description of it I always put it down in my mind
as being a Little Auk.

Alea Torda. ‘The Razor Bill.” This bird is common enough
on our near coasts, and sometimes, like other sea birds, it gets blown
inland for a considerable distance. Thus, I have a note of one that
was picked up by a dairyman on the down near Wittsbury, close by
here, on February 19th, 1883. I was not able to procure the bird,
but it was preserved by White, of Salisbury, who tuld me of the
oceurrence. The egg of this bird is very handsome, being of a
ich white with chocolate markings, and is much more regular in
‘shape and colouring than those of the Guillemot.

. Fratereula Arctica, “The Puffin.” These birds are summer
VOL. XXII.—NO. LXV. P

198 On the Occurrence of some of the Rarer Species of Birds

visitors to our shores, and are most amusing little fellows in their
manners and ways. They breed in the Christchurch district, coming
in March, and leaving again in September. They are solely and
entirely sea birds; and I was much surprised and pleased when one
of our labourers brought me down a bird which had puzzled him
entirely. One of the carters had caught it on a high-lying fallow
in our parish, and it had bitten his fingers so hard that he had
killed it. It was then brought down to me to decide upon, and it
turned out to be a young Puffin, which must have wandered terribly
out of its way, to find a final resting-place in my collection. It
was of full size, but a bird of the year, and was caught in the autumn
of 1883.

Phalacrocoraz Carbo. ‘The Cormorant.” Everyone knows the
Cormorant, or Shag, that has ever visited our coasts and has an eye
for birds. They breed freely wherever there is an unmolested rock
that is suited to them, and from thence often make expeditions up
the rivers inland. I have a young bird that was killed in the parish
in company with two others; and about five years ago I noticed
another, which hung about the place for some days. On August
‘18th of this year a Cormorant was shot on the Mere stream; and
about a week after two others were killed at Stourton ; all young
birds. When I was on the Blackwater, near Fermoy, in Ireland,
last year, I noticed that they came daily right up the river, some
thirty miles or more up the stream, to carry on their fishing depre-
dations, and very successful they seemed to be. Hart mentioned
to me that in the autumn of 1875 a gunner, named James Derham,
killed fifteen Cormorants, with a right and left shot. Two of them
escaped, but the other thirteen were bagged, and weighed in the
mass 84lbs.—a pretty good return, in quantity, if not in quality,
for an ounce or two of shot.

Phalacrocorax Cristatus. “The Crested Cormorant,” or Green
Shag. This is the bird which is generally known by the name of
Shag. They are not so plentiful as the foregoing species, but more
slender in shape, and of a far more beautiful colouring, the adult
bird having an entire dress of beautiful glossy green. It occurs
occasionally at Christchurch; and in 1870 was breeding on the

i.”

In the Neighbourhood of Salisbury. 199

Needles and Old Harry Rocks, at the opposite extremities of

Bournemouth Bay. I had-a beautifully-plumaged bird sent me
not long ago; but, not being at home to receive it, it was taken in
by a friend of mine, and thrown away ; and he excused himself by

saying that the stench of the bird was so intolerable that he really

could not keep it for me. He allowed, to my chagrin, that the
plumage was in capital condition, but that it was entirely out-
weighed by the stench.

Sula Bassana. “The Gannet,” or Solan Goose. I never ex-
perienced greater pleasure than when I first saw this powerful sea
bird engaged in its fishing operations on the coast of Dorset. I
was on the Chesil Beach, on which a magnificent sea was breaking;
and a strong wind from the sea was dashing the spray right over
me, while a heavy thunder shower soon after completed my dis-
comfiture, although a clear line of beautiful sun-light along the
horizon promised in due time a cessation of the war of the elements.
I was quite absorbed in watching the grandeur of the waves, when
on a sudden my attention was directed to six or seven birds, which
at a glance I knew I had never seen before, but whose actions at
once declared to me their name and nature. I recognised them at
once as Gannets, and their splendid headers into the boiling waters
beneath them were grand to witness. They would stop themselves
in their wandering flight, and after a moment’s scrutiny to assure
themselves that there was no mistake, they closed their wings and

‘descended perpendicularly with such velocity as to bury themselves

completely under the water for several seconds, dashing the spray
around them, as they seemed recklessly to engulph themselves in
the angry waters. Their bold fearless swoops struck me forcibly
with their strength and power of wing, and I returned home
delighted with my experiences, and nothing at all daunted by my
drenchings both with the salt and fresh water. They occur now
and then at Christchurch, and have been very numerous this year—~
-one gun killing six in one day. The rich cream-coloured plumage
of the adult bird is very pleasing, while the dark mottled plumage

of the bird of the year is so different that you can scarcely believe

it to belong to the same species. One of these birds was killed at
P2

“200 On the Occurrence of some of the Rarer Species of Birds

. Wilton in 1870, which was stuffed by King, of Warminster, and
is now, I believe, in Mr. Rawlence’s collection.

LaRiIpD2&.

The next family that we have to speak of is the large and some-
what puzzling one of the Terns and Gulls, which must be considered
- in our own county only in the light of tramps and vagrants, having
no abiding home amongst us, and, when they do visit us, tarrying

- but for a day.

Hydrochelidon Nigra. “The Black Tern.” I have several notices

-of this bird occurring inland in our district. Mr. Baker writes me,
‘“ While fishing at Steeple Langford on April 29th, 1884, a Black
“Tern hovered over the water quite close to me for some time, when
~my friend, Mr. C. Chalker, fetched his gun, and shot it. It was
‘a mature specimen in full breeding plumage.” Mr. Baker has
another specimen, killed at Mere, in summer plumage ; and another
‘shot at Norton Ferris, in 1860, in winter dress. As I was rowing
‘on the river at Downton one of these birds flew round and round
the boat, coming so close to me that I had a perfect view of it.
“This, also, was in full plumage. They occur yearly at Christchurch
‘in all states of plumage; and four years ago, when I was out with
Hart in his yacht, in the harbour, one of the gunners brought in
‘two that he had just shot. They were in winter plumage. Hart
-has seen several this month also, he tells me, in the harbour.

Hydrochelidon Leucoptera. “The White-winged Black Tern.”

This bird, in its immature plumage, is hard to distinguish from the
‘former species. But, as Mr. Cecil Smith remarks, in his excellent
‘paper on distinctions, before alluded to, read before the Taunton
‘Society, the young of this bird has always a band of white above
‘the upper tail coverts ; the same part being grey in the young of
‘the Black Tern, though at times of a very light grey. In adult
-plumage it is unmistakable, as not only is there a white patch on
the shoulder of the wing, but the whole tail, and tail coverts, are
pure white. Some ten years ago or so this bird was considered to
‘be very rare, but, as Hart says, it is most likely not so rare as it
-was once thought to be. One was brought in to him in 1882,

-

In the Neighbourhood of Salisbury. 201

and he himself saw one unmistakable specimen in 1883, while five
others were noticed, he informs me, by a Capt. Eyres, who was sure
of the peculiar identity of the bird.

Hydrochelidon Hybrida. . “The Whiskered Tern.” So called
from a white streak running from the base of the upper mandible
in a line below the eye to the ear coverts, forming a light whisker
or moustache. The breast of this bird is very dark in comparison
With the rest of the feathering, by which it may be at once dis-
tinguished. It is very rare. Hart has the only specimen he knows
of as having occurred in the district, which was killed in the locality
by a gunner named Keynes, in 1875.

Sterna Caspia. “The Caspian Tern.” This, also, is a very rare
species; and can be known at once by its superior size to all the
other Terns, and by the bright vermillion of its bill. Hart has a
fine specimen of this bird in his collection, which was killed by
Grantley Berkeley at Muddeford, about the year 1852. It occurs
I believe, more frequently on the eastern coast than any other, but
is very rarely met with at all.

Sterna Cantiaca. “The Sandwich Tern.” This bird is by no
means common on our south coast, but occurs occasionally. Hart
writes me word that he has noticed several of these birds about the
harbour during the present month. Hart killed a pair of these
birds himself on May 14th, 1880, while he has notes of other
occurrences of them, one being killed in 1871, another in 1872,
whereas in 1873 they were more numerous—three being brought in»
on September 15th, one on the 27th, one on the 30th, and two
more on October 8th. The black feathers on the head of this
bird are rather prolonged, forming almost a kind of pendent crest.
The feet, legs, and bill are black, and the tail quite white.

Sterna Fluviatilis. ‘The Common Tern,” or Sea Swallow, as;
from its light and elegant shape, it is appropriately termed. I have
noticed it once or twice in the parish, flying and hovering over our
river. It occurs more or less frequently all round our coasts, bub:
there are one or two species so like it, that it may sometimes be
mistaken—both the Arctic and the Roseate Tern bearing a close
resemblance to it. I had a specimen sent me the other day which.

202 On the Occurrence of some of the Rarer Species of Birds

had been killed recently on the Thames, but it was too far gone for
preserving.

Sterna Macrura. “The Arctic Tern.” This Tern bears a strong
resemblance to the last-named, and is met with quite as frequently.
The surest way to distinguish it is by the short tarsus, while the
breast is also of a darker shade of grey, and the tail feathers longer
in proportion te the wing. It occurs frequently at Christchurch,
there being a good number of them about this present year. It
does not generally wander so much inland as the Common Tern,
but in 1842 there seems to have been an unusual irruption of them
both into Wilts and the neighbouring counties, Yarrell mentioning
that “according to the Bristol Mirror the birds were assembled in
such vast numbers in the harbour and floating docks of that city,
that two or three hundred were killed with stones and other missiles,
whilst several were caught alive; and so tame were they that many
were observed to pitch on the backs of passers-by.”

Sterna Dougalli. ‘The Roseate Tern.” This species, again, is
difficult to distinguish at all times from the Common and Arctic
Terns; more especially so, as in the breeding season, some of the
Common Terns have quite a rosy tint upon the breast; but it is
altogether of a slenderer and more elegant form than any of the
other Terns, and when on the wing in company with the other
species would be at once distinguished by its more attenuated form ;
“it is in fact,” as Yarrell says, “ among the circling crowd of Arctic
and Common Terns like the greyhound to the dog.” They are by
no means common at Christchurch ;. and, in fact, Hart could give
me no certain information about them, although, in all probability,
they are occasionally to be met with there.

Sterna Minuta.. “The Lesser Tern.” This bird frequently occurs
southwards, and Hart has five or six local specimens in his museum.
I was once collecting specimens on the beach at Eastbourne, when
one of these little birds appeared amongst a number of the common
species. I had only a rusty single-barrelled gun, that I had borrowed
from an old fisherman for the occasion, and nothing that I could do
would induce the gun to go off at the proper moment; it always
hung fire until I was just on the point of taking the gun down from

In the Neighbourhood of Salisbury. 203

my shoulder, so that you had to keep the gun on the bird long after
you had pulled the trigger, in the hope that after a given time you
would be rewarded by a kind of spontaneous explosion on the gun’s
part. Time after time I had my sight on “ Minuta,” but there was
a charm about the bird, and I could not secure it. I only returned
with two of the common species for my trouble, and which are now
in my collection.

Larus Minutus. “The Little Gull.” This bird is by no means
common; but the Rev. A. C. Smith mentions two instances of its
occurring in the county, the one at Rodbourne and the other at
Upton Scudamore; while Hart has three or four notes of its occur-
rence att Christchurch—one was brought in in January, 1876, and
another was caught alive by Hart himself, in immature plumage,
on December, 4th, 1881, and he has known three or four other
instances of their occurrence. I once watched one of these birds
off Bournemouth Pier for some time, when it was fishing in company
with some Kittiwakes and Red-legs. I watched it quite half-an-
hour, flying round and round the pier head, it being so clearly
marked by its size that the eye at once detected it amid the others.

Larus Ridibundus. ‘The Black-headed Gull,” or Red-leg, as it

is called in its winter plumage. ‘This bird is one of our commonest

Sea Gulls, and may be noticed in numbers off the Bournemouth
Pier at any time, searching, in company with the Kittiwake, for
any debris that may fall from boat or steamer. I have one which
was shot in our water-meadows, where they frequently show them-
selves; and one day I surpised as many as a score of them, which
were feeding at the bottom of one of our hatch holes. They assume
the black heads of their summer plumage very quickly, a few days
being quite sufficient for them to don their summer dress, It isa
graceful bird, and can always be distinguished from others, when
flying, by the white margin of the feathering that runs down from
the shoulder along the outer edge of the wing.

Larus Canus. ‘The Common Gull.” This bird, as its title
signifies, is common round our south coast, but not so common as
either the last-named species or the Kittiwake. It often wanders
i ‘inland, and may be not unfrequently seen in the winter, seeking its

204 On the Occurrence of some of the Barer Species of Birds

food along our river banks. Only last week (September) my boys
noticed one of them, in its immature plumage, flying up and down
the river within easy gun-shot of them. The legs of this species
are of a blueish-grey tinge, which may serve to distinguish it from
some of the other species of Gull.

Larus Argentatus. “The Herring Gull.” One of the common
Gulls of our south coast. You may see them at any time enjoying
themselves on the mud flats of Poole Harbour ag you pass in the
train. They are not unfrequently met with inland. Mr. Baker
writes, “They are often found in this neighbourhood,” 7.e., near
Mere, “and I have often noticed them passing overhead, though I
do not remember ever meeting with one on our river. They are
fine large birds. Their legs are flesh-coloured, at once distinguishing
them both from the Common and the Lesser Black-backed Gulls.

Larus Fuscus. “The Lesser Black-backed Gull.” The adult
birds of this species are not very often seen at Christchurch, though
the young birds are not uncommon. This bird is about the size of
the Herring Gull, but can at once be distinguished from it by the
darker slate colour of the mantle, and by the yellow colour of the
legs. The young birds of this species are, however, very hard to
distinguish from those of the Herring Gull. I was asked only the
other day to decide upon the species of two young Gulls, which
were running about the lawn of a neighbour’s house; but I could
not decidedly give an opinion without a closer inspection, though
there was no doubt that they belonged to one of these two species.
The general colouring of the young of this species may, however,
be said generally to be of a darker tint, and less margined with
light brown than the other ; but it would puzzle most men to decide
at a glance this knotty point. Mr. Cecil Smith found these birds
breeding in some numbers on Burhoe, one of the Channel Islands.
They are very common farther north.

Larus Marinus. “The Great Black-backed Gull.” This is the
finest by far of all our British Gulls, and may occasionally be seen
round our south coast ; a few pairs breeding still on Lundy Island,
in the Bristol Channel, where they are not allowed to be disturbed.
I have noticed these birds round the coast in Bournemouth Bay,

In the Neighbourhood of Salishury. 205

and have several times observed them flying over our parish, at
some elevation, but I have never seen it except when it was thus
erossing over, apparently from one channel to the other. Only the
other day, when engaged in a cricket match at Clarendon Park, I
noticed three of these fine birds passing over at no very great
height. I have a very fine bird in my collection, which was brought
to my brother when in Northumberland, near Alnwick, and which
the fishermen, having slightly wounded, had been pursuing nearly
the whole of the day.

Larus Glaucus. “The Glaucous Gull.” This species is nearly,
if not quite, as large as the Great Black-backed Gull; but it is
quite a rarity amongst us, only one being now and then seen, and
that almost always in immature plumage. Hart has never seen it
at Christehurch in full plumage. He had one sent in to him im
1877, and one he bought for his own collection from Grantley
Berkeley’s but both these are immature birds.

Larus Leucopterus. ‘The Iceland Gull.” This is, again, one of
the northern Gulls, and can be distinguished from the others, as
well as the last-named one, by white primaries. One or two speci-
mens occurred at Christchurch in 1874-75, and one in January,
1883 ; but all these, again, were immature specimens.

Rissa Tridactyla. ‘The Kittiwake.” Very common throughout
the Christchurch district, and always to be seen in the winter
months off the pier at Bournemouth. It is essentially a maritime
bird, and of very pretty soft plumage in its adult state. The young
birds are called Tarrochs, and are marked with black on the back
and wings, presenting quite a different appearance to the adult.
The old birds derive their name from their ery, which, consisting of
three notes uttered quickly, is supposed to resemble the word

_Kittiwake.

Stercorarius Catarrhactes. ‘The Great Skua.” The various
species of Skua that we now come to, form quite a different group
from the Gulls, and may be termed the “ Bullies of the Sea.”
They have crooked bills and claws, with which they tear their prey;
and they devour not only fish, but some of the smaller water birds,
as well as carrion of various kinds. They rarely take the trouble

206 On the Occurrence of some of the Rarer Species of Birds

to fish for themselves, but on observing any Gull that may have
captured a fish, they pursue it unrelentingly until it has disgorged its
prey, which they will often eatch in its fall ere it reaches the water.
So furiously do they attack some of the smaller Gulls that they are
seen not infrequently to kill them with blows from their powerfully-
hooked beak. The Great or Common Skua is not very frequently
met with at Christchurch. Hart had two specimens in 1871, but
there had been no record of them since that date. White, the
taxidermist, of Salisbury, informs me that one of these birds was
picked up on the downs at Orchard St. Mary by a Mr. Mills, on
October 31st, 1882. They breed in the Shetlands, but nowhere
further south, ;
Stercorarius Pomatorhinus. “The Pomatorhine Skua.” There
was a remarkable irruption of these birds on our south coast, and
other places in England, in the autumn of 1879. In October, from
the 13th to the 20th, over fifteen specimens were received by Hart,
at Christchurch, one of these being of a peculiarly dark plumage.
There were a great many killed, also, on our eastern and south-
eastern coasts at the same time, appearing on the Yorkshire coast
on October 14th, literally in thousands (Yarrell). Another of these
birds was killed at Christchurch, also, in 1876, and three more in
1882. One adult bird was seen, Hart tells me, to kill a Kittiwake,
whilst making it give up the fish it had nearly swallowed, a not
unusual occurrence in the case of the smaller Gulls. The adult
bird differs considerably from the young ones, having the two
central tail feathers some 4in. longer than the others, and twisted
as it were sideways, while the breast and under parts are of a dull
yellowish white—the young bird being of a uniform mottled brown.
Stercorarius Crepidatus. “ Richardson’s or Arctic Skua.”’ This
bird is by no means common, and is not met with so frequently as
the last-noticed species. The same year—1879—in which so many
specimens of the last-named Skua were observed, was also noted for
the occurrence of many of these birds as well. They were plentiful
at Christchurch at that time, though generally by no means common
there. Hart had two specimens during the October of 1879, one
of these, also, being of a very dark type. Mr. Baker also informs

In the Neighbourhood of Salisbury. 207

me that one of these birds was killed at Heytesbury in October of
the same year. He saw it at King’s, at Warminster; the bird
being in immature plumage. This bird, as well as the last, in adult
plumage has the two central tail feathers very much prolonged
beyond the others, but they are not twisted, as in the last species.

Stercorarius Parasiticus. ‘ Buffon’s or Long-tailed Skua.” This
is the smallest of all the Skuas, and was also obtained in some
numbers during the storms of October in 1879, as mentioned in
previous cases, when Hart had several specimens brought in to him.
He had two, also, in 1858, and one in 1870. But the adult bird is
very rarely met with. The long tail feathers are very striking, and
would at once distinguish this bird from its congeners, being far
slenderer than the other, and being prolonged as far as $in. or Qin.
beyond the other tail feathers.

Puffinus Anglorum. “Manx Shearwater.” This bird has oc-
curred once or twice in our harbour. Hart has one, killed in
November, 1856, in Christchurch Bay, in the immature plumage
which is not often seen in collections: and two others, procured in
November, 1873, and December, 1878; but I can gain no in-
formation of any other species of Shearwater in our district.

Fulmorus Glacialis. ‘‘The Fulmar Petrel.” This rarely occurs
at Christchurch. Hart has one in his collection, which was killed
against the telegraph wires some time ago; and two have occurred
since, one of which was obtained in November, 1863. It is astonish-
ing the good fortune which seems to happen to some ornithologist,
who are always stumbling against some rarity in a most unlooked-
for manner. Thus, my friend, Cecil Smith, of Taunton, in one of
his bird expeditions to Teignmouth, had the luck to pick up one of
these birds on the beach. There had been a storm the night before,
and the first thing he saw was a bird lying on the shore, just alive,
and able to give his finger a slight grip, and it turned out to be a
good specimen of the Fulmar Petrel.

Procellaria Pelagica. ‘Storm Petrel.” These little birds,
sometimes called ‘‘ Mother Carey’s Chicken,” are not unfrequently
found dead on the coast, and are generally picked up on the shore
after some storm at sea which has proved too much even for them.

208 On the Occurrence of some of the Rarer Species of Birds

They have been picked up now and again in different parts of our
eounty, and Hart has procured specimens in 1868, 1872, 1876,
1878, and in fact during most years, the last he had brought in
being in 1883. This species is the smallest of all the swimming
birds, and while appearing to be far too small and weak to battle with
the winds and waves, in reality the rougher the weather is, the more
it seems to enjoy itself.

_ Procellaria Leucorrhea, “ Leach’s or Fork-tailed Petrel.” This
bird can be at once distinguished from the last, as its name implies,
by its forked tail, the tail of the former species being square. Hart
has seven of these birds in his museum. Two occurred on October
80th, 1867. In the year 18381, also, they were frequent, eight being
killed or caught between November 24th and December 7th. One
was killed by Rooks, which mobbed it; and another was caught
alive. There were two, also, picked up near Salisbury some years
ago on the line, having been killed by the telegraph wires.

Oceanites Oceanicus. ‘‘ Wilson’s Petrel.””? I can learn no oe-
currence of this bird at Christchurch ; the only specimen I know of
being mentioned by the Rev. A. C. Smith in his papers on the
ornithology of Wilts, where he records that it was picked up dead
from exhaustion in Sutton Benger Mead, in November, 1849.

With this bird we come to the end of the various species of the
Natatores that have been observed in our district, and at the end of
this paper I append a list of those which have been obtained at the
mouth of our river, or in our more immediate district, and it will
be seen that, with the exception of a few great rarities, almost all
the different species of this order occur occasionally on our south
coast. The free use I have made of the carefully-verified notes
from the diary of Mr. E. Hart may be thought by some to be out
of place, and to contradict too much the heading of these papers,
é.e., “The Occurrence of some of the Rarer Species of Birds in the
Neighbourhood of Salisbury.” But the mouth of the Avon being
really not more than half-an-hour’s flight from our city, and it being
the nearest sea-board to us, it seemed to me a pity not to include it
in our district, as from thence we undoubtedly obtain almost all
those occasional specimens of sea birds which not unfrequently are

In the Neighbourhood of Salisbury. 209

to be met with on our downs, and in our parishes; and it nay also

_ Induce some of our lovers of ornithology to extend their researches

and keep a sharper look out, especially during the migratory months
of October and May, for some of those wanderers that may be
expected at such times to visit us,

With many thanks to all those who have kindly assisted me in

compiling this and the previous papers I must now wish my readers

farewell, and if it has given any of them the same pleasure in the
reading as it has given me in the writing I shall feel my efforts
have in no wise been thrown away. I am sure that there is not a
more innocent or truer recreation than researches in the field of

natural history, or one that more entirely. refreshes the mind for

more serious work without too greatly absorbing it. It adds,

besides, tenfold’ interest to any ordinary walk, and always affords
-some definite object to an expedition, which might otherwise end in

that most uninteresting of all things,:a simple “ constitutional.”

Some people may smile at the idea of what they consider the
_childishness of an elderly man chasing.a bird, or running after a

butterfly ; but, my friends, there are: worse things to run after

than those, and if you can find a man of hale old age still in-

terested in such pursuits, you will also find, in nine cases out of ten

(provided always he is not a bore), that such-a one is a good fellow,
and an interesting companion, and all I can say is, that I wish

there were more of them. Yea! many a man would. be saved from

‘anxious and carking care, and from endeavouring to compass what
_we are told is an impossibility, z.e., the securing both worlds at one

and the same time, if they would not. pass by, as beneath their

‘notice, but “ behold ” the fowls of theair! “ They sow not, neither
do they reap, nor gather into barns, yet our Heavenly Father feedeth
them.” Would not this consideration lead.them to consider in a
‘right light the comforting and exalting teath, “ Are ye not much
better than they?”

210 On the Uccurrence of some of the Rarer Species of Birds

APIENDIX.

List or NaTaTORES OCCURRING NEAR SALISBURY, AND IN THE
CuristcuurcH Distnicr.

Anser Cinereus, r
Anser Brachyrhynchus, .
Anser Segetum, . .
Anser Albifrons . 2
Bernicla Levcopsis é
Bernicla Brenta
Bernicla Canadensis, .
Chenalopex Atgyptiacus,
Cygnus Olor ite
Cygnus Musicus, . -
Cygnus Bewioki, . :
Cygnus Immutabilis,
Tadorna Cornuta,
Spatula Clypeata, :
Chaulelasmus Streperus,
Anas Boschas,

Dafila Acuta, .
Querquedula Crecea, .
Querquedula Circia,
Mareca Penelope,

Az Sponsa, : .
Fuligula Ferina, . .
Fuligula Rufina . .
Fuligula Emerita, . 5
Fuligula Cristata, . ;
Harelda Glacialis, ‘
Clangula Glaucion, .
Somateria Mollissima, .
Oidemia Nigra, . “
Oidemia Fusca, . ;
Mergus Merganser, *
Mergus Serrator, . :
Mergus Cucullatus, .
Mergus Albellus, . .
Podiceps Cristatus, .
“Podiceps Griseigena, .
Podiceps Auritus, 5
Podiceps Nigricollis, .
Tachybaptes Fluviatilis,
Colymbus Glacialis, .
Colymbus Arcticus,
Colymbus Septentrionalis,

“ Grey-lag Gosse,”
“ Pink-footed Goose,”

“Orange-legged Bean Goose,”

“ White-fronted Goose,”

5 “ Barnacle Goose, ’

F ** Brent Goose,”
“ Canada Goose.”

. “Egyptian Goose.”

5 “Mute Swan,”
“The Whooper,”
- “ Bewick’s Swan,”
5 “ Polish Swan,”
‘“‘ Sheldrake,”

A “Shoveller,” .
5 . “Gadwall,” .
. . “Wild Duck,” .
A ; . Pinta,”
A , “Teal,”
- “ Garganey,”

“ Wigeon,”
: “Summer Duck,”
. Red-headed Pochard,”

“ Red-crested Pochard,”

‘ “Scaup Pochard,”

“Tufted Duck,”
. Long-tailed Duck,”
. - “Golden Eye,” .
; . “Eider Duck,” .

“ Scoter,”
. Velvet Scoter,”’
“ Goosander,”

. “ Red-breasted Merganser,” 2

- “Hooded MereBneCr
. “ Smew,”

- 4 Great Crested Grebe

. . “Red-necked Grebe,”
5 . “Sclavonian Grebe,”

“ EKared Grebe,”
“ Little Grebe,”

A “ Great Northern Diver,”

“ ‘** Black-throated Diver,”’
; “ Red-throated Diver,”

occasionally.
occasionally.
occasionally.
frequently.
rarely.
frequently.
occasionally.
rarely.
frequently.
frequently.
occasionally.
. rarely.

- common.
frequently.
occasionally.
- common.
frequently.

. common.
frequently.

. common.
occasionally.
frequently.
rarely.
occasionally,
frequently.
occasionally.
occasionally.
occasionally.
- common.
frequently.
frequently.
occasionally.
very rarely.
occasionally.
. common.
occasionally.
. common,
occasionally.
. common.
frequently.
occasionally,
frequently,

In the Neighbourhood of Salisbury. 211
Lomeria Troile, “ Guillemot,” F . common.
Oria Lacrymans, . “ Bridled Guillemot,” rarely.
Oria Grylle, F * Black Guillemot,” rarely.
Mergulus Alle, . - . Little Auk,” frequently.
Alca Torda, : * Razor Bill,” . * common.
Fratercula Arctica, 3 3 “ Paffin.” A . common.
Phalacrocorax Carbo, . “* Cormorant,” . common.
Phalacrocoraxr Cristatus, Crested Cormorant,” occasionally.
Sula Bassana, . P . “Gannet,’ ; frequently.
Hydrochelidon Nigra,. . « “ Black Tern,” - . common,
Hydrochelidon Leucoptera, “ White-winged Black Tern,” . : . rarely.
Hydrochelidon Hybrida, “ Whiskered Tern,” $ ‘ » rarely.
Sterna Caspia, . 5 - “Caspian Tern,” . a . rarely.
Sterna Cantiaca, . : - “ Sandwich Tern,” ‘ » occasionally.
Sterna Fluviatilis, “Common Tern,” z 5 . common.
Sterna Macrura, . : 5 . “Arctic Tern,” . P é . common.
Sterna Minuta, . ‘ P . “Lesser Tern,” . F . frequently.
Darus Minutus, . . .. “ Little Gull,” . . : rarely.
Larus Ridibundus, . “Black-headed Gull,” . = . common.
Larus Canus, . : “Common Gull,” . : - frequently.
Larus Argentatus, : . “Herring Gull,” . lee . common.
Larus Fuscus, . « “Lesser Black-backed Gull,’ . - frequently.
Larus Marinus, . “Great Black-backed Gull,” . frequently.
Larus Glaucus, . “Glaucous Gull,’ . F rarely.
Larus Leucopterus, . “ Iceland Gull, ites occasionally.
Rissa Tridactyla, “ Kittiwake,” E 5 BS . common.
Stercorarius Catarrhactes, . * Great Skua,” Fr - + occasionally,
Stercorarius Pomatorhinus,. ‘ Pomatorhine Skua,” . frequently.
Stercorarius Crepidatus,. _“ Richardson’s Skua,” . - occasionally.
Stercorarius Parasiticus,. “ Buffon’s Skua,” .. occasionally.
Puffinus Anglorum, . » “Manx Shearwater,” . . . occasionally.
Fulmorus Glacialis, . . ©Fulmar Petrel,’ . a F rarely.
Procellaria Pelagica, . “Storm Petrel,” - «.« frequently.

Procellaria Leucorrhea, . “ Fork-tailed Petrel,” . . . frequently.

212

Gxtracts from the Records of the Wiltshire
Onarter Sessions.

Communi¢ated by R. W. Mzerzutman, Clerk of the Peace.
(Continued from Vol. xxii., p. 38).

ZZHE system of quarterly presentments to the sessions must
have fostered habits of acute observation! in parish and
aatHiate ordinary village life, no doubt, provided a censorious
inhabitant with frequent pretext for exhibiting such and such a
neighbour as a “haunter of taverns,” or: a “common swearer,” as
neglecting to scour his watercourses, or failing in his allotted task
of road repair. And men were not dependent on the hundred courts
in this respect, they took the office of information into their own
hands, and addressed the court of quarter sessions direct as they found
occasion.

Thus, in 1604, the inhabitants of Sutton (which parish of that
name is not stated) felt constrained

“To certifye your worships that this Goulde is a fellow of no dwelling
and never accounted as a parishioner of Sutton nor in any man’s service
* . . . but accounted an idle fellowe, and a loyteringe, and a maker of
debate, and a-stirrer up: of sedition; and in the time of the presses in Her. late
Mat** warres,-some time flied into Dorst neare-Cranbourne and some time
hither into Sutton.”

From the Borough of Devizes came the following at the Easter
Sessions, 1604 :—

“ Ttm wee p’sent John Tylly of the Devizes Shoomaker for that hee the nine
and twenty day of March at night last paste dyd myssebehave himseallf towards
Edward Geant Sarvant to John Sanysbery makinge him druncke in moste odyus

sorte in Mister Spenser’s howse.
* * * * * * *

“The first of November 1603 William Powell kept dising all night in his
house w Roger Payn himselfe and otheres and the sayd William Powell got
away xxx* from the sayd Roger Payn.”

1 The inhabitants of Little Bedwyn begin a petition (Hilary, 1606-7) on hb:
half of a sufferer by fire with the preamble, “ Forasmuch as it is the p’te of
ev'ie good christian to testifie the truth upon just occasion,” &c.

Extracts from the Records. 213

At. the Hilary Sessions, 1605-6, a furious amazon gives cause
for :—

“Certayne Artickells agaynst Easter [Hsther————-surname illegible] of
her behavyoure.

“Imprimis she have . . . . beaved very sospeciously.

“Tt? The aforesayd Easter dyd fightt w'* on John Smyth and wi one pick
dyd rune at him in M’. Allyne’s fea and if he had not made the better shift
she wold have killed him. And with on John Butler she dyd fyght also and
strock him downe And she dyd fyght w'* on Rychard Harison’s wyf also.

‘Tt’ The aforesayd Easter dyd com to my howse and thrusted up my dore
uppon me vyolantly and with Great othes dyd sweare . . . . that she wold
be revenged at my wife’s hand with divers other abuses at the same tym w™ I
will repeat myself unto you" w’ships.

“Tt? her [here] is on Richard Batcheler will take his corporall othe agaynst
the sayd Easter and her husband that he standeth in bodyly feare of them for
she is sore malyssiouse agaynst him.”

The regions of Tinhead and Edington suffered disturbance at the
hands of an eccentric heroine, whose vagaries certainly justified the
title of “an unquiet person,” bestowed upon her in the following
narrative.

Hilary, 1603-4 :—

‘* Whereas Wor" Sirs we the inhabitants of Tinhead and Edington have alreadie
certified you of the lewd behavio' of Alice Glover maie it please yo" wors”? and
the rest of His Ma'®* Justices further to understand for yo" more full satissfaction
in the same theis p'ticulers followinge viz. :

“*The said Alice Glover had a knife in hir hand readie to have done mischeif
to hir owne mother in so much that she caused hir to take the house of one
Lawrence Gill to save hirself, testified by Oswald Ford and Thomas Eliott.

“The said Alice Glover threw a firebrand at one Lewden dwellinge in hir
mother's house and thereby indangered a yonge childe of the said Lewdens w

- . was making readie by the fire—and afterwards againe, at the said
Dawiten going forthe of the doore, the sparks whereof and coles withall fell upon
the bed of Lewden’s wife . . . . testified by Goodwife Hart and the said
Lewden.

“The said Alice did another time scatter the coles of a firebrand out of a
higher roome into a lower where there laid straw to the indangering of hir owne |
mothers house by fire testified by Christopher Longe.

“The said Alice w hir mother havinge spinning worke comitted into their
hands by hir meanes cheifly conveyed the same awaie from the parties and sold
it taking the money to hir owne use. As first from Goodw. Kelson xiiij pound.
Then from Henry Longe xij pound justified by the parties the one before Sir
James Leighe the other before St. John Dantsey and lastly ix pound from
Nicholas Carpenter testified by the said Nicholas Carpenter.

VOL, XXII.—NO. LXV. Q

214 Extracts from the Records of the

“The said Alice even lately before hir apprehension did threatena . . . .
woman the wife of one Light dwelling in hir mothers house . . . . that
she wold see hir hart blood testified by the woman hir self, ;

‘And finally the said Alice Glover is not onely a disorderly p’son hir self but
hath also disordered hir sisters whereof one was hanged for fellony, the other
ptly by hir p’suasions and threatnings is coming apace after hir other sister if
she be not cutt of from hir company And the said Alice is an unquiet p'son
both in the house of hir owne mother and also in the towne of Tinhead where
she liveth Insomuch that all of us shall think o'selves very much beholden to
yo" wor?’* and the rest of his ma‘** Justices if we may obtaine that favo’ at yo"
hands that the said Alice may be condignely punished for hir said misbehaviors
so farre forth as shall seeme best unto yo" wisdomes as long untill the said p’te
be better reformed (yf God please) And in so doing you shall bind us the
inhabitants of Tinhead and Edington aforesaid ever to be thankful to yo" wor?®
and to pray to God for yo" just and good p’ceedings. From Edington this ix™

daie of January A° 1603.”
[Twelve signatures. |

Extravagance, whether in amusement or dress, soon caught the
eye of the local censors.

At the Trinity Session, 1607, the hundred of Warminster presents

“Xrofer Ludburie for keping unfawfull play . . . . namely at Kayets
[quotts] being unlawfull persons and poore men that played at it.”

From another deponent on another occasion comes the information
that

“Further the said Palmer hath two sonnes John and William This John
Palmer will wander abroad sometymes fortnight together wearing apparel fitting
a gent: having stockings upon his leggs worth forty and fifty shillings a
pear taking noe honest sorte of lyving to get his lyving. Ann Palmer goeth in
her silke bodyces and other apparell fitting a gent . . . . It were to
tedious to set downe all their abuses and misdemenors whereby they doe greatly
annoy maney of his leidg people seeking to kill me for noe wrong to them
offered byme . . . . ‘This Richard Palmer did come upon yot orator’s
ground w* a byll and made an assalt upon yo" orator goeing about his bysynes
suspecting noe ill and did put yo" orator in great danger of his lyff.”

The inhabitants of All Cannings are moved to report of a not
very reputable parishioner that she is

“A verie sedicious contentious and troublesome p’son and a greate sower of
discord and debate betwene neighbour and neighbour in contempte of his highnes’
lawes and to the evill example of others she is a comon lyer and she goethe about
to take awaie not onlie the good names but to bringe them in question for their
lives by her lyinge speaches.”’

Wiltshire Quarter Sessions. 215

-It may well be imagined that John Cheney, of Everley, the
principal actor in the scene next described, was “ distracted of his
wits.” Threatening mortal mischief to the family of John Brown,
of Upavon, he was gallantly encountered by Mrs. Margery Brown,
an admirable woman, whom simple piety did not deter from de-
livering a “last thrust in tierce,’ which reached the intelligence of
even the insensate Cheney. She testifies (Michaelmas, 1609,) to
some threats from Cheney :—

“xv daies before Myddsomer last she the said M’gerie being at hir neighbour
Buttler’s house in Ev’ley a spinning a yarne in Godd’s peace and the King’s.”

Then she proceeds to state :—

“That upon Satterday before St Jeames’ eve last about ten of the oclock of
the same night hir husband hir self and all her littel children being a bedd anda
sleepe he the s‘ John Cheney - . , . brake open the doore and entered the
house most outragiously swearing yt he would kill them all or dryve them out
lyke a sight* of Egiptians . . . . and hir husband being sick a bedd She
hirself did aryse and took a cutting knyfe in her hands . . . . and thrust
at him w' the knyfe and made him stepp back over the thresholde and shutt the
doore upon him by w° meanes especially and by the helpe of Almightie God
all there lyves were saved as she verely thinketh.”

The temptation to multiply such extracts must be resisted, not-
withstanding that few of them are so merely tedious as not to present
some illustration of contemporary manners or diction.

Two specimens only shall be here intruded of the homely versifi-
cation with which rustic satirists enlivened the monotony of village

life.
The first is an effusion from Wroughton :—

‘Giles Francklyn is an honest man
And so is old Pannell now and than
All the towne over and never a house misse
And see who can make such a rime like unto this

John Crooke is full of. floutes and mocks
And old mother Whitborne is good to throwe in the wood and blocks
All the towne, &c.

® Quite the right word in the mouth of a Wiltshire maniac,

Q 2

216

Extracts from the Records of the

Old Ayers is rayed with the fog and the murr *
And Joyce Tiptun : Ms Rec ee
All the towne, &c.

* ¥ 3 * * ? *

Olde Freeman doe weare ruggs +
And Thomas Lord doe goe to the woode to steal poles and luggs f
All the towne, &c.

John Spackman doe give thanks for his bread
And George Riman hathe a dissemblinge head
All the towne, &e.

Young Thomas Lord he is somewhat nise
And goeth to Uffcutt and telleth les
All the towne, &e.

Katheryn Spackman is somewhat wise
And of her sonne James she setteth a prise
All the towne, &c.

Ida Little is not very proud
But goodwife Bartlett will scould very loud
All the towne, &c.”

The next—not quite such sorry stuff—discloses no whereabouts :—

‘‘ Brine had a mare—whosoever knew hir—
Som times he rode hir and sometimes he drove hir
She will carry hir m [master] through haile winde and raine
Soe merily to market, soe merily backe againe

When Brine he perceived y* hir good dayes ware dun
He turned up hir heeles and pulled of hir shun

Then Brine went trudging and trudging downe the hill
And with his pen and inkhorne did write his mare’s will

First he bequeathed her eies that ware so cleere and gray
Even to hir m’ Brine to lead him on the way

Next I bequeth my teeth that stand all in a rew

To little John Brunker because he hath but few

®«¢ An old word for a catarrh,” Bailey.
+ Coarse cloth.
+ Poles,

Wiltshire Quarter Sessions. 217

I bequeth my skin the skin of all my back

Even to John Chapman to make a wooing Jack *
I bequeth the skin of all my leggs

To Thomas Fauman to make him bowlting bags t

I bequeath the tayle that is soe fair and rownde
Even to Mary Moore to make a wedding gowne
I bequeth the ears that are soe faire and right

Unto John Fenell to make fethers for his flight

Unto M* Shipma to make strings for his bookes
I bequeath the head for (?) and the robernowk ¢
Unto good wife Brine to make a skiming § Book.”

These doggrel rhymes possibly answered their purpose (that of
annoying someone against whom the writer had a grudge), and,
when directed at an unpopular character, found a certain amount of
favour in the area of their circulation. In a deposition filed on the
roll of the Easter Sessions, 1605, Rebecca, wife of John Baker, of
Calne, confesses, as to a very scurrilous copy of verses

“Y* she refused to deliver y* said libell to Thomas Fowlke one of the costables
of Callne requiringe it of hir in y* behalfe of Jhon Whittocke of Callne sadler
whome it concerned [it certainly did] . . . . and y* she likewise denied
to deliver it to y® said Whittock himself . . . . by ye disswasion of hir
mayde servaunt, albeit y° si! Whittocke did then tell hir yt hir said servaunt had

publisht and sunge pt of it at ye bakehouse in Callne, and had further told y*
said Whittocke y' if she knewe it all she wowld trownce it owt.”

Much of the intemperate language and unbecoming conduct

which fell under the cognizance of the hundred or quarter sessions
_ juries may have sprung from a disordered state of mind, fitter for

treatment in an asylum for the insane than in a house of correction;

but it cannot be doubted that the quarrellings and fightings had in

great measure their source in the flowing bowl. It was naturally at

fair time and at the sign of the Hart that the least respectful utter-

ances towards a neighbouring justice fell from Edward Dismer : it

was in his eups that the aggrieved citizen of Imber proposed the
* Jacket.

t Probably a sieve for meal, used by bakers.

+ Conjecture fails as to the meaning of this word, which, being hardly decipherable, may be really
composed of other letters than those here given. :

4 Perhaps scheming or divining,

218 Extracts from the Records of the

death of the sovereign as a remedy for the high price of grain.
Yet the licensing laws were vigorously administered: they came
under the care alike of the county justices and the Privy Council ;
and a man’s neighbours were prompt enough to add the epithet of
“drunkard” to any complaint which they had in hand against
him.

Some incurable topers there may have been who well deserved
anything that could be said of them. Among the presentments
made at the Trinity Sessions, 1604, is one of a party of extravagants
who revelled in metheglin—an intoxicating drink compounded of
honey :—

“ Whoe all did confesse that they had druncken iij q’tes before this exat came
to them and one q’te after and had eaten iiij cakes and did in the evening after

come to the house of the father of this exat and say ed that their drincke there
did taste like water in comparison of the metheglen.”’

The alehouses were stringently dealt with. Witness an order of
the Trinity Sessions, 1603 :—

“Yt is ordered . . . . That all the Alehouses and comon victualinge
houses within the Borough of Devizes and Towne of Warminster
shalbe suppressed and putt downe savinge onely suche of them as had ‘iin
at the last gen’all Sessions . . . . And that Sir Henrye Baynton Knight
Alexander Tutt Esquier James Ley and Edmund Lambert Esq. Justices of the
Peace . . . ~ shall meete twixt this and the next Sessions That is to saie
Sir Henry Baynton and Alex Tutt in the Devizes afores*. and the fores’, James
Ley and Edmund Lambert in Warminster afores‘. about the said business

And if it shalbe thought fitt . . . . that there should be in either of

the saide Townes any more p’sons as inhabite and dwell in and about the middest
of either the saide Townes convenient and fitt for that purpose as shalbe comended
unto them by the Maior and chiefe Burgesses of the saide Boroughe of the
Devizes and the constables Bayliffe or Hedd Officers of Warminster aforesaide
and all other either for number or place unnecessarye and inconvenient to p’hibite
and suppresse.”’

The sort of testimonial which an intending publican relied on as
likely to satisfy the licensing magistrates may be conjectured from
the following specimen, on the roll of the Hilary Sessions, 1605-6,
penned by some sententious writer, dealing liberally in antithesis :—

“Right Worshippfull forasmuch as, not onely in time of harvest but alsoe at
divers other seasous, uppon occasion some taskers and day labourers woulde

Wiltshire Quarter Sessions. 219

willingly be provided for of victualls and lodginge, besides many trayailers
especiallie, that make this villadge * a place of rest in their iourney, some
willingly, some many tymes against their wills, looseinge their way uppon the
Downes in winter and sometime in somer season too ; we doubt not uppon your
wise consideracon of these and such like causes, your worshipps will give your
allowance to some on man amongest us for vitlinge, to whom such as are destitute
and distressed may have their recourse. And for oure part we have found the
bearer Robert Fay a man of fittest aptnes & readines in suche busines; We
know, and your wisedomes will not denie, but that in an house that must lay
open to every passenger, sometimes the best host may give entertainment to,
very badd guests: but our perswasion of this man is this, that these beinge
knowne either by report from others of sufficient credit or els by their owne
present disorder shall not be suffered longe to rest in his house. And soe longe
as he shall thus honestly cary himselfe for the comfort of the distressed and not
for the maintenance of pott companions and such like, we trust your worships
will give him your approbation and allowance. And soe we shall remaine
thankefull unto you, praying God for all your good.”

(WVineteen signatures. Those of George Hunt, minister, Rich. Dowse
gentleman, and Thomas Dowse, gentleman, and one other, are in their own
handwriting. The other fifteen signatures are the work of a single hand.]

At the Easter Sessions, 1608, the matter of licensing had
evidently become a burning question :—

“The busines of y* alehouses is adiourned to be reserved upow the thursday
in the Whitson Weeke & for y* only busines ye Sessions is so longe adiorned.”

[Signature of four justices. ]
“The business of the alehouses is adiorned to be considered upon tuesday in
the Whitson weeke & for that only busines the Sessions is so longe adiorned.”
[Srguature of ten justices. ]

Communications on this subjeet from the Privy Council had
plunged the magistracy into perplexity on account not only of
inopportune promulgation, but of inherent discrepancies. As to
the ineonvenient season at which the royal suggestions were com-
municated the magistrates thus deliver themselves :—

“ For that his Ma* lres were no deliv’d before the daye of
last since w* tyme the country could not be warned
soe as the Highe Constables Churchwardens and Pety Constables might make a.
psentm’ according to the orders neyther the Alehouses warned to bring in there

* The appearance of the applicant in person dispelled the uncertainty which characterizes this-
- testimonial, as to the name of the village to be blest with this model victualling house. -

’

220 Extracts from the Records of the

licence to be considered of as by those direcons wee are required and for that wee
are thereby further directed to consider well of such as are fitt to be allowed and
that we should conceive articles for good orders to be kept by those Alehouses
and thereuppon p’ceed to allowe or disalowe Alehouses as by those direccons is
likewise required All w*" for that we cannot convenentlie p’forme in the be-
ginnige of this sessions for the causes aforesaid as also in respecte of the other
occasions of service here to be p’formed and for that wee are required to p’forme
all those things amongst other at this Easter Sessions We have therefore
thought it fitt to adjorne over this sessioas until Tewsday in the Whitson weeke
at w° tyme godwillinge we will wholie deale in thexecucon of his Ma* lers and
in no other business and to that intent the contry may take notice hereof and be
ready at that day we thincke yt fitt that publicke notice be given hereof in open
courte.”’

And thus, as to the contradictory character of the communications
when received :—

‘* At the gen’all Sessions of the Peace . . . . holden by adjornement at
the Devizes in the said County the xvij daie of Maie in the sixth year of the
yaigne . . . .

“Touchinge the execucon of the buisines for kepinge of Alehouses and Comon
Victualinge houses . . . . as is required by the teno’ of the Kings Mat
Ires and directions in that behalf forasmuch as ther have ben (since the receipt of
his Mati®® saide lres and directions) other lres and directions directed from the
Lords of his Highnes privie counsaile to the Sheriff of this county somewhat
different from the former his Ma** lres and directions, to be by him sente
abroade to the Justices . . . . w* later lres were not comunicated unto
the said justices until this p’sent xvij of Maie . . . . Ytis therefore
ordered . . + . That the fores* buisines stialbe reserved to the consideracon
of the Justices . . . . at the next Sessions.”

Then at the Trinity Sessions, 12th July, 1608, the two following
orders were made :—

**The Justices of ev’y Division shall betweene this and the next Sessions sende
for the Constables Tythingmen and Churchwardens of ev’y division to be in-
formed by them what Alehouses they now have and whoe are fitt to kepe Ale-
houses hereafter (both of those y* be licensed all readye, and of those yt they
shall newly name) and to c’tify theire names and thereuppon the Justices to
p'cede in thexecution of his Mat** Lres and of the direccons given by his Ho:
Privye Councell (about y* paimet of y°® yearely ret required) and ech one to
c'tifye the others entryes [?] at. the next Generall Sessions of the Peace that
e’tificate may be made accordinglie

‘© James Mrrvin Wa VAavuGHan Jasp’ More
Epw PENRUDDOCK Juon HucERrrorDE Wm Briacker
Geo Ivyz Epw LoncGE JoHN AYLIFFE
Wm Baytirr Henry Martyn
* * ¥ * x * *

“The best beare and ale to be solde at 3d. a gallon and 2d. the gallon the

Wiltshire Quarter Sessions. 221

smallest. The same price to continewe until the next Sessions and this to be
published that all comon brewers Inkepers and Alekepers doe sell according to
this rate.

““ Henry Sarv James MERVIN Wa VaucHAN
Epw Penruppok Gero IvyYE JoHN AYLIFFE
Jasp’ More JHON HUGERFORDE
Wm WILKINSON W BuackEz
Wm Bay tier Epm Lone:
Henry Martyn G Tooxzr”

JoHN Hat

Not by presentments and petitions alone were the functions of
the quarter sessions invoked; gentle impulses reached the court
from other directions. Communications from Lord Hertford and
Sir Giles Wroughton to their fellow-justices have already been
transcribed. Here are others—from individual members of the
court—from judges of the superior courts—and from the King
himself.

Michaelmas, 1604. Thomas Snell, Esq., J.P., makes a cautious
report touching a difference between Thomas Russell and Robert
Hadnam, concluding with the words :—

‘1 can say nothing in comendacon of the sayd Hadnam’s qualities in
generality, for want of matter, being a fellow comonly haunting alehouses and

a comon drounckerd, and I think was dronk the time he abused Tho Russell as
aforesayd. Kyngton the 3 of October 1604
6 'Y" loving Frind
“THo. SNELL.”

An applicant to the Easter Sessions, 1609, for permission to erect
a building at South Wraxall came armed with this testimonial :—

Good S* William Eyer let me intreate you and rest of the Justices of the
Peace to doe this poore man all the goode you maye hearin [herein]

“Your very loving frende
‘“ Wa Lonas.”

A sufferer by fire found a powerful patron in Chief Justice Popham,
who thus accosts the justices at the Michaelmas Sessions, 1606.
First of all, by the hand of an amanuensis, he writes in the language
of official courtesy :—

“ After my verie hartie commendations. I have heretofore written unto you
one the behalfe of the bearer hereof Roberte Thresher who hath receaved verie

222 Extracts from the Records of the

greate losse by fyer And because (as I am informed) no order hath as yet beene
taken for his reliefe I have thaughte good herebie once againe to wish you that
in this y* meeting in these Sessions you would have such a charitable consideration
of this man’s losse and his distressed estate therebie that he may now receave
some conveniente relieffe from yow not doughting but that in y" discretions you
will doe that herein which shalbe both fitt and requisite And whereas there are
divers collectors of money for the Marshalsea and other charitable uses In my
opinion yt were verrie fit that these Collectors should be called to geave up a
true and juste accounte of those somes which they have receaved wherebie the
money may be brought into one hande and then disposed of as the lawe in this
case requirith And even so I bid yow hartelie farewell from Littlecote the
first of October 1606
‘Yor loving Frend
“J PopHaM.”

Then, in more forcible phrases, and in his own handwriting, he

adds a postscript (here reproduced in fac-simile) :—

“Though some thyng hath been geven hym yet ys nothing for effect to do
hym any relyeff—and yt were better that such were holpen by means of the
lawe than that the collectors should dyspose of yt to wanderyng Rogges that no
man can cotroll their * my?

Whether the letter or the postseript had more weight. with the
court cannot to determiued ; but they promptly voted the petitioner
a grant of twenty marks.

It was this same misfortune—loss by fire—which moved the
heart of His Majesty to urge the quarter sessions to enlarge their

generosity towards an inhabitant of Milton :—

‘“Whereas the bearer hereof John Marshall of Milton of latte hath taken
greet losse by fyre to his gret hinderance by menes whereof he became an humble
sewter to his maiesty at his + last beinge in the contrey, who, understandinge

~*‘* Usage,” or “ using” or “ acting’’ or what else? The transcriber has struggled courageously,
but in vain, with this word in the original. The courteons reader is invited to interpret for himself.

+ Probably on the occasion of the King’s second visit to Salisbury, which //aicher mentions
as occurring in August, 1606, on his majesty’s way to the sports of the New Forest. Touching
royal visits to Wiltshire—rare events which may have been cited as settling a date more in-
telligibly than a quotation of any given year of the century—the testimony of John Christopher
(to what intent takea—Trinity, 1606—does noc plainly appear) is to the effect ‘* that he was
borne at Marston neare Longlete and he served Sr John Thynne eight yeares . .. . .and
then went to London where he tooke a howse in Smithfield and kept a Barber Surgion shopp
untill Michaelmas last and sithence for the moste pte he continued at Mr. Horner’s where my
lady Thynne lyeth at sojorne . . . . therehence to Trowbridge where he . . . - hosted
at Robert Robbett’s howse . . . . and saith he is a painter also . . . . and his travell
+ « « « Was to procure worke according to his profession

“He saith that he was not . . . . at Bathe this tenne yeares nor at Marlborough since
the King was at Tottenham.”

But when wasa King last at Tottenham? This versatile genius seems to speak of the event
as more remote than the visit to Bath which had not happened ‘* this tenne yeares.’’? His varied
experiences tell of a man wellstricken in years. Can it be possible that he is talking of King Henry’s
visit to Wolfhall in 1543, supra, vol. xv., 149. :

a

ee ee ee

eat

Wiltshire Quarter Sessions. 223

his lamentable case, out of his gracious favour willed the poore man to repayre
to the nexte Quarter Sessions, there to be releved by the benche and Body of the
Shire as they shold thinke fytt, and myselfe beinge then present; it plessed his
Maiesty to call me to him and gave me a very strayt charge to make knowne
his plessure to the hole benche for his relyffe, w°* I mente faythefully to have
done in p’son, with my beste service to have fullfilled his maiesty’s comandment
and for the releyffe of the poore man, but beinge called by my Lord Leftenante
of Dorsett aboute some service for his maiesty of gretter importe, to be effected
att this Sessions att Burporte [Bridport] 1 thought fytt to make knowne, his
maiestys plessure to you all under my hand and so leving it to your lawful and
charytable consideracion I comytte you to God Frome Gillingham the 27th of
September, 1606.
“ Youer lovynge frynd
“Caz: RaLecH.”

More tender than the admonition from the Chief Justice of the
Common Pleas is the following hint from the Chief Justice of the
King’s Bench and the Chief Baron of the Exchequer :—

“‘ After o' verie hartie comendacons Whereas we ar informed that there was
some complaynte by waye of petition made to the Justices of the Peace at the
laste Quarter Sessions by some Weavers of that Countie touchinge certaine
grevances conceived to be Offered by the Clothiers in putting some of them from
woorke whereby they are lefte without meanes to relieve them and theire
families And that the Justices then p’sente tooke some order for examinacon of
the truiethe of the saide complaynte w saide grevances beinge founde trewe in
o opinions are verie fitt to be reformed we have therefore thought good to putt
you in mynde thereof and what o” opinions ar therein wishinge you in yo" sev’all
divisions to take speciall care for some speedie reformacon And if by yo" good
indevo' you cannot effecte what you shall thinke fitt Then to certifie us at the
nexte Assizes yo" opinions thereof and by whose defalte you cannot effecte the
same And even soe we bidd you hartelie farewell.

‘* S’ieants Inne this laste of June 1607.

‘Yor very lovinge frendes
“Tao FLEMYNG *
“Lawk TANFELDE,*

This “bitter ery” arose from Bradford, in connection with the
cloth trade.' In a paper filed on the roll of the Trinity Sessions,

®Sir Thomas Fleming had on the last day of Trinity term been sworn Chief Justice of the
King’s Bench, and had in his office of Chief Baron of the Exchequer (thus vacated) been suc-
eeeded by Sir Lawrence Tanfield.

1 A complaint lodged by the searchers of cloth at the Easter Sessions, 1603,
makes it clear that a clothier occasionally turned upon these detective officers,
They allege of William Crispe, of Marshfield, clothier (who, at the preceding
sessions had been convicted ‘‘ for the overlengths. of xviij brode listed whites by
him made,”’), that he :—

“Hath unjustly and of meere malice vexed and troubled the said s’chers for endictinge and
p’sentinge him for his fauity clothes, and yett thretneth to vexe and undoe them. And by

224 Extracts from the Records of the

1607, bearing twenty signatures (all written by the same hand)
the Clerk of the Peace (Mr. Kent) —an obvious and accessible victim
—is sacrificed to the popular discontent :—

‘* Whereas of late we made o* complaynte at the Devizes at the last Quarter
Sessions there kepte To the Worshipfulles Mr Tucker and Mr. Hidde and we
have had noe Redresse since In whom the faulte lieth we knoweth not Eacepte
it be in Mr. Kentt Now the Justices of ot Devision S* William Eyre and
Worshippfull Maister John Hall Esquier two of His Mat** Justices of the Peace
will make redress for us as soone as it may be returned to them.

‘* Now these be the names of them of the towne and Borowe of Bradford that
wanteth broad weaving.”

The question of bridge-repair had, early in the reign, become one
of general interest throughout the county.

3rd May, 1603 :—

“Yt is ordered by the Courte That the Clarke of the Peace of this countie
shalbe an humble Peticoner unto the right Honourable the L. Keeper of the
great seale of England for a comission to be obtayned of his Lsp for enquirie
whoe of righte or by p’scripcon ought to repaire the decaied bridges standinge
upon the great waters within the saide Countie the same Comission to be directed
to all the Justices of the Peace of the same Countie or to any three of them or
otherwise as his lordshippe shall be pleased to give order for, to thintent that the
saide decaided bridges maye be repaired by those whoe of right ought to be
charged therewith. And that Mr. Awbrey one of the Treasurers of the colleccon
for the reliefe of the poore prisoners of the King’s benche and marshalsey and of
suche hospitalls and Almshouses as are within this countie shall forthwith paie
and deliver unto the said Clarke of the Peace the some of Thirtie three shillings
and foure pence of lawful Englishe money out of the surplus of the stocke of the
saide colleccon for the charges of presentinge of the saide Comission.”

Same date :—

“Yt is ordered . . . . That William Baskervile gent one of the Treas-
urers of the collection &c . . . . shall deliver and paie unto S' Willm Hire
Knight . . . . thesome of Twenty pounds . . . ._ to be imploied
about the reparacons of Mitford Bridge in the foresaide Countrie And yf hereafter
upon exaiacon and proofe to be made yt shall fall out that the Hundred of

meanes of his threts and other unjust and ungodly practises hath drawen the some of xls from
them for a composicon of a p’tended misdeamenour supposed by him to be done by them . .
. « and moreover intendeth by continuinge of his threts and subtill practises to force them to
release him of the moitie of the value of the said clothes due to them by p’vision of the foresaid
statutes ’?

The court sided with the searchers, and ordered Crispe to pay £3, the sum already
assessed as the value of the cloth, and to repay the 40s. which he had obtained

from the searchers.

re

es

Wiltshire Quarter Sessions. 225

Bradford . . . . be to be charged with the reparacons of the same bridge
or any part thereof Then the said S' Willm: Hire shall repaie unto the Treasurer
: the foresaid some of xx" w'"in one moneth next after suche proofe to

be made.”

At the Easter Sessions, 1605, the case of Kelwaies Bridge was
under consideration, and a question arose whether the hundred of
Chippenham was responsible for the maintenance of the whole or
any part of it; meanwhile the court ordered this bridge to be
repaired to the extent of £20, out of the surplussage of the col-
lections for the King’s Bench and Marshalsea.

Hardly a sessions passes without some allusion to a bridge or a
highway needing repair. A table of these presentments, arranged
in orderly series, might have some topograpical interest, notwith-
standing the occasional obscurity of the descriptions. Such a table
may, perhaps, be hereafter attempted. A very favorable specimen
of the materials from which it might be compiled is afforded in
the following presentment from the Hundred of Malmesbury :—

“That Staynes Bridge in the tethinge of Brokenborough is greatly in decaye
very dangerous to all passengers and travilers that useth that waye and ought
to of repayered by the said tethinge of Brokenborough.

f . That Turner againes Lane neare unto Staynes Bridge is in decaye
and ought to be repayered and amended by the said Tethinge of Brokenborough

“. . . . That the Bridge neere unto Sondayes Elme adjoyninge unto a
ground of one John Speck of Brokenborough within the tithinge of Brokenborough
aforesaid is in decaye and ought to be repayered by the foresaid Tethinge of
Brokenborough

“«. . . . That there is a watter course in the mydle of the Tething of
Escote Runninge alonge downe Hay ditch w™ doth overflowe he Cassewaye to
the great decay of the said casway and ought to be ameneded by one Bennet w
useth the ground and dampneth up the watter to the hurt of the said way.”

Another inventory, not without interest, would be one of all the
articles specified in the indictments for larceny, notwithstanding
that the rough-and-ready appraisement which sufficed for a criminal
charge can hardly be accepted as a satisfactory estimate of their
true value.

One of the earliest indictments on the roll of the Hilary Sessions,
1603-4, tells of guatwor vaccas quar’ due color sparked‘ et una alia

* 1 Pied or variegated. In another tedious case of cattle stealing a “ pide
heifer ” is mentioned.

226 Extracts from the Records of the

coloris rubri et altera color browne. At the following Michaelmas
Sessions, on a charge of stealing skeins of yarn, a witness deposes :—

“That about St James tidd last she brought to one John Benet of Foxley

weav’ about viii or ix pounds abi yarne of Abb * and warpe to be

woven into a piece of cloth the abb being not all of one Spinninge for this exat

spunne some and her daughter the rest neither was it all of one couler forr some

of the wooll was marked wit redding and some with pitch-mark and she thinketh
that the sayed John Benet did in weavinge under shoote it.”

The roll for Michaelmas, 1606, contains some confessions of theft
which may repay transcription. A deposition taken before Mr.
John Cornwall, Mayor of Marlborough, on the Ist of August, 1606,
set forth that the witness bought of Joane Wilcocke, the accused,
“a silver spoone weying somewhat above iij quarters of an ounce
- + +. for twoo shillings and eightpence.” Joan Wilcocke
herself confesses :—

“That upon Saterdaie was fortnight last about cight of the clock in the
morninge shee beinge in the howse of Mr. Roger Hitchcock in Marlborough
and beinge willed by Mr. Roger Hitchcock’s wife to goe into the Buttrie
to fetch beere shee . . . . did take out of the same Buttrie twoo
Sylver Spoones of Mr. Hitchcock’s w* shee the same daie about twoo of
the clock in thafter noone brought upp into the m’kett in Marlebroughe and
there solde to one Walter Philippes a cutler and setter of Knyves at the same
Phillippes his standinge viz one of the samé spoones shee solde for twoo shillings
and the other of them for fowerteen pence Shee saieth that on Satterdaie last
in the morninge her maister Mr. Whitfeild’s dogge brought one other silver
spoone of Mr. Hitchcocke to her maisters howse w“ spoone this exaiat took of
the dogge and solde the same daie for two shillings and eight pence.’

Then, in connection with a burglary at Corsley, there is a long
deposition of Robert Snowe, taken on the 18th July, 1606, before
Sir Edward Kent, acting probably in Somersetshire, and re-affirmed
on the 22nd September following, before Sir Henry Willoughby, a
Wiltshire magistrate. Snowe confesses that :—

“«. . . . About Costeley [Corsley] . . . . they brake a howse and
tooke from thence two wastcotes, a silken scarfe, a gould ringe, a silke apron, a
Holland sheete a Tynnyn Salte

“* And beeinge examyned whether hee could tell anythinge of Welshe’s Robberye
sayth that . . . . thesayd Baconconfessed . . . . thathee. . .
w'> two or three others did robbe the sayd Welsh and tolde howe they sninddendd
him and his weif before they could gett up into the Chambertothem . . «

“* The yarn of a weaver’s warp, Halliwell Phillips,

,
:

Wiltshire Quarter Sessions. 227

and sayd farther that the Offycers . . . . tooke from them soe much
broken money as he coulde holde in bothe his hands a Goulde Ringe a Poynyard
A Hatt faced w Velvett a Jerkyn and a handerkercheefe. And sayth that this
ext and Bacon brake a Parsons howse the next nighte after they brake the howse
at Cosley and toke from thence about forty peeces of pewter vessells and a gobblett

All w™ Bacon most impudently denyed nataatandia ge Snow very confydentlye
avowed yt before him.”

The weight of this charge pressed chiefly against a certain Trivett,
whose dwelling seems to have been a recognized. house of reception
for articles of uncertain ownership, and of resort for ladies and
gentlemen of no fixed address. Walter Jacobb, of Wincanton,
makes, in this case, a deposition not free from ambiguity. He
states :—

““That the last time he [witness] sawe the said Trivate and his wife he
[Trivett] was at Fisherton in the Gaole . . . . as he [witness] passed
alonge whom [Trivett] he [witness] only saluted, by w™ place he [witness] past
as he went into the Cittie of Sarum to buy a paire of Spectakles, and had not
that day come theather, saving the day was fowle that he could not imploye
harvest worke for w™ he travelled upp into Wilts.”

Another witness im the case was a young woman of a roving
disposition, described as one “ whoe hath longe wandred the
country,” who, with another damsel equally unsettled :—

“‘Both came unto the sayd Tryvatts howse in the gropsing of the yevening,
beinge on a Satterday, where they founde a shoulder of mutton at the fyer,”

. Miss Sarah Turpin—for such was this lady’s name—proceeds to
relate that :—

“‘Bakon and Burre brought w'® them the cloth w* made the Cloke and
Savegarde * that was founde at Tryvatts hows upon the Searche and also the Red
Petticoate. The Cloke and Savegarde was made by on Fryar a Tayler of Meere,
The Red Petticoat was cut shorter by Tryvatts wyfe and newe hemmed agayne
by her . . . . One of Mere did bringe unto Tryvatt’s wyfe the Thrumes
of Lynnen and the Harnys of Lynnen Clothe that was founde at Tryvatts house
in the sayd Searche.”’

*No doubt the same as Saviarde, which Halliwell Phillips, followed by Planché, defines as ‘‘a
kind of jacket, worn towards the end of the seventeenth century” But if, as seems probable,
the modistes of Mere lagged a little behind the fashion, the word saviard, Cee or wrongly
applied) must have been one of popular currency nearly a century earlier. 4

228 Extracts from the Records of the

Some other articles of theft and their prices may be enumerated.

Horses and sheep, quoted at prices which extort a sigh from a

modern purchaser, give ground for indictments with a frequency
undeterred by the severity of the punishment for this sort of
larceny. They included a mare “ coloris rone grey,” value £8; a
gelding value 100s.; “sheep hoggs coloris alti,” value 3s. each.
From the poultry yard are stolen “ Turkyes,’ and a hen value
4d. From the garden “cabbidges.” Among other purloined
articles appear “‘ Two sesterns” ; “a quarter of aloadofhey ... .
of the value xd.”’; ‘‘a bushell of maulte”; “ a paire of sheets,”
value 7s.; “a Hollan sheete”; “canvas sheets”; ‘ a woman’s
gound,” value 40s.; “Two wastcotts,” value 10s.; “a fustian
wastcott”’; “a hatt,” value 4s.; “ halfe a yarde of golde fringe,'
value 2s.; a sword, value 5s., and a pair of leather gloves [chiro-
thecarum corii] value 6d.” ; “a cipers [Cyprus] hattbond ” [unam
spiram], value 48.; “a shirt,” value 2s.; ‘‘a doublett,” value 5s. ;
“a table cloth,” value 5s.; ‘ Kerchers,”’ and ‘ Hand Kerchers ” ;
“ Partletts,” and “ Foreheads” ; ‘‘ Three silver spones ” [tria coclear
argent] value 9d.; “a purse” [wnam crumenan] value 2s.; “a
knife,” value 2d.; “‘a wooden box” [unam ligneam pixidem], value
2d.; and “‘a skayne of white thread,” value 1d.

In conclusion some miscellaneous entries may be noticed.

At the Trinity Sessions, 1607, appears the following presentment
from the Hundred of Dunworth :—

“That the pownde of Chiklade have byn in default thes three monethes only
by the meanes of Mr. Thomas Mompesson of Corton.”

From the Hundred of Warminster, the following :—

‘Item we doe present that thare wanteth a cooking stoole in the town of
Warmester which ought to be made and mayntayned by Simon Sloper being the
lorde Awdlye’s baylyffe.”

At the Michuelmas Sessions, 1609, was preferred a long indict-
ment concerning corn mills and fulling mills at Blackland and

1 The fringe, sword, and gloves, were burglariously stolen from the Lodge, at
Littlecote : the thief was hanged (Michaelmas, 1605).

NO

ee 8

7b

Wiltshire Quarter Sessions. 229

Calstone Wellington, bearing evidence to the value of water power
_ at an elevated point, from which the citizens of Calne now draw
their supply.
Disinclination to serve on juries is evidently not a modern failing.
At the Hilary Sessions, 1605-6, the Hundred of Downton resent
acts of favouritism on the part of the bailiff:—

‘Wee present our bayly . . . . That he hath warned and mad choyse
of many poore men to serve . . . . hath left the better sort at home.”

And it is also clear that the bailiff, when he did warn, was often
met with jests which were not convenient.

A commitment to Fisherton Gaol, set out in full, is found on the
roll for Michaelmas, 1607, on a charge of forcibly holding a house
in contravention of the Act 15 Rich. II. At the Easter Sessions,
1606, an indictment on a similar charge is answered by plea of the
statute made 4th February, 31 Eliz., setting a limitation to such
proceedings after three years’ peaceable possession. The pleadings
in criminal cases do not often appear in writing: two or three
instances do occur on the roll for Michaelmas, 1605; they are, of
course, pleas of “ Not Guilty,” and are expressly stated to be signed
by attorney. Elsewhere the court is prayed by a petitioner, who
seems to have been a generous patron of the lawyers, * to make
stay of the tryall”’ by reason “ of div’se weightie sutes wch the said
Robert Wrighte hath nowe dependinge in the Courte of Starr
Chamber and other his maties courts.”

In the minute books of James the First’s reign there is an hiatus
covering almost exactly the interval to which the foregoing extracts
relate. The book labelled “Entries I” ends with the Hilary
Sessions of the first year of the reign: “ Entries II” begins with
the Hilary Sessions, 7 Jac. I. On the last pages of “ Entries I” are
written a set of precedents in criminal procedure. The following is
a list of them :—

1. Presentment of plea of guilty to a nuisance.

2. Confession of felony—with sentence of hanging.
8. Claim of benefit of discharge as a clerk convict.

4, Trial at bar with conviction of felony—hanging.

VOL.—=-XXII.—NO. LXV. R

230 Extracts from the Records of the

5. Trial at bar for treason—conviction—sentence, hanging,
drawing, and quartering.

6. Appearance and remand until issue joined.

7. Appearance, plea, and adjournment.

8. Arrest by sheriff, acquittal on defective indictment.

The precept convening the Easter Sessions, 1603 ; the return of
the sheriff thereto; and an indictment for murder found by the
grand jury at the Easter Sessions, 1605, are added as appendices.

APPENDIX.

Precept convening the quarter sessions, Easter, 1603 :—

‘* Jacobus dei gra Angl Scocie Franc and Hib’nie Rex fidei defensor &e Vie:
Wiltes. P’cipim’ tibi q* non omitt’ p’pter aliqua lib’tat: Com: tui quin p’clamari
fac p’ totam ballivam tuam Gen’alem Sessionem pacis nram com: tuo cons’ vand
apud Devizes in eodem com: die Martis p’x post_clm [elauswm] Pasche p’x
futur: tenend. Ac q‘ venire fac coram Justic: nris ad pacem in dco Com:
cons’vand ac ad div’sa felon t’nsgr’ and al malefca in eodem Com p’petrat
audiend and t’minand assign ad diem and locum p’dcos tam xxiiij® lib’os et
legles hoies de - corpore Com tuo quor “quilt heat xl* terre tentor vel reddit: per
ann’ad minus qm ones constabular et ballios hundredor libertat et Burg sequent
videlt Hundred de Bradford Calne Potterne et Cannings Malmesbury et Melksham
Libtatum Hundri de Chippenham Bromeham and Rowde et Burgi de Devizes
Necnon de quolt Hundro Lib’tate et Burgo pdict xxilij” p’bos and legles boies
ad fac and exequend ea que tune and ibm ex p’te nra eis injungent’ P’venire fac
eciam ad dcos diem et locu cies 2s and singlos constabular and Ballios pdcos a

tune sint ibi hentes secum noia omn’ . . . . * artific labor et s’vien’
husbandr vad contra formam statut inde edit excessive capien Et qd omnes illi
qui tam pro nobis qm p seipis y’sus . . . . * artific labor et s’vient

husdandr aut aliquos alios aliquas querelas juxta formam et effem Teprerse
ordinaconm and statuor nror hujus regni nri Angl conqueri vel | p’cequi volunt q@
tune sint ibi billas and querelas illas P ’seyuturi justiciamq ibm subituri si sibi
vid expedir Et qd tmpe tune ibm sis vel subvic tuus ad fac and exequend ea
que officio tuo incumbunt Et heas ibi noia tm constabularo ballior p’deor qm
jurator p’deor unacum hoc bre T. Edro Comit Hertf* xxiij° die Aprilis Anno R.
n, Angl Franc and Hib’nie primo and Scocie tricesimo sexto.
“‘ Kent.”

Return of the sheriff to the foregoing precept—endorsed thereon :—

“ Virtute istius bres mihi dirci pclamari feci p totam balliam meam Generalem
Sessionem pacis in Com: infrascript cons’vand apud Devizes die m’ts px post clm

* Apparently Aumoi, easily expanded into hujusmodi,

a ee

Wiltshire Quarter Sessions. 231

Pasche px futuro veniend Ac venire feci coram justic pacis in eodem com
cons’vand ac ad div’sa felon &c assign ad diem et locum infracontent tm xxiiij*
libos and legles hoies de corpore com pdci quor quilibt het terr &c¢ qm omes
constabular and ballios hundredor lib’tatum et Burgen inframenconat Necnon
de quolibet hundredo lib’tate et Burgo pd xxiiij™ pbos &c Ad fac and exiquend
&c P’venire feci eciam ad dcos diem et locu omes and singlos constabular et
Ballios pdeos qd tune sint ibi hentes secum noia omn . . . .* artific
laboran emanc Husbandr vad contra formam statut inde edit excessive capient.
Et qd omes illi qui tm p dno Rege qm pseipov’sus . . . .* Artific et
juxta formam and effem ordinac et statutor hujus regni Angl conqueri vel
p’sequi volunt qd tune sint ibi &c put interius mihi preeipitur. Residuum vero
execuc istius bris patet in quadm Schedula huic brevi annex
‘*Watter LoneE miles
“ Vic.”

Indictment for murder, Easter Sessions, 1605 :-—

“Wiltes. Juratores p dno »_Rege pntant Quod Thoms Whatley nup’ de
Stepleashton in Com Wiltes pred husbandman decimo nono die Februarii anno
Regni dne Elizabeth nup’ Regine Angle tricesimo quarto vi et armis et ex
malitia sua premeditata in quendam Edrum Hancocke nup’ de Stepleashton pred’
Weaver apud Hinton infra pochiam de Stepleashton pred ad tunc et ibm in pace
dei et dicte nup’ dne Reginz existen’ insultu fecit ac cum quodam telo vocat a
bearing bill:ad valence xij* quem idem Thomas in manibus suis adtunc et ibm
tenuit ipum Edrum Hancocke sup’ anteriorem partem capitis sui felonice tunc et
ibm percussit dans eidem Edwardo Hancocke cum telo p’deo una plagam mortalem
in anteriorem partem capitis sui pred’ in longitudine unius pollicis et latitudine
unius pollicis et p’funditate triu polliem de qua qnadem plaga mortali pred’ Edrus
Hancocke a pred’ decimo nono die Februarii usq’ nonu diem Aprilis tunc prx
sequent’ apud Hinton p'dem_ continue languebat quo quidem. nono die Aprilis
pred’ Edrus Haneocke de prdcta plaga mortali obiit Et sic Jurator’ dicunt quod
pred’ Thoms Whatley pred’ nono die Aprilis apud Hinton pred’ pred’ Edrum
Hancocke modo et forma pred’ ex malitia sua precogitat’ voluntarie et felonice
interfecit et murderavit contra pacem dce nup dnz Regine Coron’ et dignitatem
suas.”

True bill found. On back of indictment, eight witnesses, four

bearing the name of Hancock.

* Apparently Aumoi, easily expanded into hususmodi.

R 2

232

NOTES ON

n-Aescribey Articles in the Stourhead
Collection, in the County Atusenm at Devizes.

Small Urn, from Winterbourne Stoke Down.

AN “ Ancient Wiltshire,” i., 121, is the following passage :—

“In No. 11 [of the group of barrows on Winterbourne Stoke
Down, see plan 1211] we found a deposit of burned bones, a small
cup, of thick British pottery, richly ornamented, but unfortunately
broken; and a bone pin of a different form from any we have yet
found, being bent in a semicircular form, and perforated at the

head.”

1 The engraving of this group of barrows in Ancient Wilts has no reference
figures, so that it is impossible to identify the barrows with the history given ;
but in a copy numbered in pencil by Sir R. C. Hoare, No. 11 is marked as the
very small barrow to the north of the long barrow No. 1.

a

7

eS

ET ie i

A

Notes on Un-Described Articles in the Stourhead Collection. 288

A water-colour drawing by Crocker, purchased at: the Stourhead
sale, has lately reached me; it contains a drawing of a small urn
and of a bone pin. On this drawing are the words, in Sir R. C.

. Hoare’s. handwriting, “Stoke Group, No. 11.” We are thus

enabled to identify the urn, which is still in the Museum, but the
history of which was unknown, as it had no label or number at-
tached to it. [The engraving is taken from this drawing.] The
vase, though evidently hand-made, and imperfectly burnt, is of bold
design, and handsomely ornamented. Like many of the small
highly-decorated vases, which have been ealJed “incense cups,” }
pigment cups,” &c., &c., this vessel is perforated, as may be seen
in the engraving, with two distinct holes, most probably for the
purpose of suspension. It is obvious that such vessels could not
have been used for containing fluids.

Bone Pin, from Winterbourne Stoke Down.

The bone pin was lost before the collection reached the County
Museum. The above cut, copied from Crocker’s drawing, shows
the peculiarity of form. It may be remarked that it could not
have been bent into this shape, but it is difficult to understand from
what kind of bone a pin with so sharp a curve could have been cut.

1A non-poetical friend svggests that it is more probable that they were used
for holding the material for obtaining fire—in fact that they were “ primitive
tinder-boxes.”

-

234

Extracts from a Aote-Book by Sir R. ©. Poare.

WN book, now in the County Library, at Devizes, takes, in

part, the form of a diary of some of his excursions on the
Wiltshire Downs. It does not appear to have been regularly kept,
and notes of different years are entered without order, at opposite
ends of the same book.

The extracts here given may be valuable as containing notices of
antiquities which have since been destroyed or effaced by the pro-
gress of agriculture and railways. Many expressions occur showing
the intense pleasure which the writer experienced in those rides on
the Wiltshire Downs. To him they must have been particularly
enjoyable, associated as they specially were in his case, with the
history and remains of the ancient inhabitants.

“Sunday, 4 October. From Bath to Devizes in a chaise. From Devizes to
Marlborough on horseback—came to the Roman road leading from Bath to Spine
or Speen, a little on this side Beckhampton Inn—followed it to Silbury Hill
which it leaves a little to the left—from thence into the turnpike, and to
Overton down, where the ridge is again very visible—this hill is covered with many
large and fine tumuli. In the adjoining field visited the few remains now left
of the celebrated stones called the Grey-Wethers, from whence Stonehenge dates
its origin. One year will scarcely elapse before the traveller may justly exclaim
‘Stat nominis uwmbra.’ The larger masses are employed in building, and the
smaller in mending the roads. The line of the Roman causeway is I think
nearly certain to the top of the hill overlooking Fifield. Quere did it then cross
the stream? I think not—the ground being firmer on the side of the present
turnpike though somewhat deviating from the direct line.

“ Monday, 5 October. Sessions opened. Walked with Rev. Mr. Francis, of
Mildenhall, to a spot where several remarkable Roman antiquities have been
discovered. This field is situated just beyond the first milestone, on the left of
the road to London—it is a pasture land and has produced many skeletons—and
Roman coins are daily found by the labourers employed in digging and sifting
gravel. The field is called St. Margaret’s Mead. The Rev. Mr. Francis showed
me a great many coins of Diocletian, Antoninus, and others, found here—also
fragments of black and red glazed Roman pottery, a small brass key, another
article with a grotesque head of an animal—hollow, like a spout—also an inter-
ment or sacrifice of the bones of a cock and a cat—the leg with the spur attached
to it of the former, and the jaw and teeth of the latter. A most singular vessel

‘

Hxtracts from a Note-Book by Sir R. C. Hoare. 235

was found there about the year 1807, and the mutilated fragments are still
preserved by Mr. Francis, who procured an exact drawing to be made of it
immediately after its discovery. It was made of thick oak wood ribbed with
iron hoops, had two iron handles and plated with thin brass on which are embossed
various devices. An iron hollow bar goes across the two uprights A and B—it
contained some burnt human bones, which seem to prove its having been formerly
appropriated to sepulchral uses. Near it was found a perfect and beautiful little
cup similar in design to the one lately discovered near Boreham, Warminster,
and given by Mr. Cunnington to Miss Bennet, of that place—it varies however
in having siz instead of fowr indentations, and has a mixture of red with the
black, resembling bronze Mr. Francis has kindly promised to send me more
particular accounts in writing of the time when these discoveries were made.
He has hada plan made of the grounds, one of which is called “ Barrow Field ”’
from a tumulus he remembered once there.

“Marlborough common—a little way distant from the town on the northern
side—a square ancient earthwork with an entrance on the — — — — side of it.
A place called Cold Harbour near it. Mildenhall, about a mile-and-a-half east of
Marlborough—a small square work on the east side of the Church, in a meadow,
on a gentle eminence, three sides distinguishable—one corner rounded—has a
Romanish appearance, and from its vicinity to the river, the station of Cunetio,
and the intersection of the two Roman roads, one from Bath to Spene, two from
Winchester to Cirencester—might have been a small post to guard the ford or
bridge of the Kennet—I add bridge because in my former notes I observed.the
probable remains of such in the bed of the river. Numerous Roman coins have
been found at Mildenhall, in Mr. Francis’s garden, churchyard, &c., &c. The
tumulus has been dug into for stone, but I do not think it has ever been investi-
gated, or its interment injured. The parish church has round arches springing
from Saxon capitals, but nothing either monumental or architectural worthy of note.

“Ramsbury. The venerable old stone turret of the Church has just undergone
a complete yellow-washing, and in the eyes of its vulgar inhabitants is much
beautified and improved. If conspicuowsness is desirable this end is most
completely obtained, for no object in the whole vale is so much so. Called on
Mr. Meyrick, and rode, attended by his son, to Littlecott Park. The object of
this second visit was to see the site of the celebrated Roman pavement found
here. One person only could be found in the neighbourhood who recollected its
discovery, which was about sixty years ago. His name is Watkins. He showed
me the spot, and informed me that the pavement was broken up, but he did not
know what became of it. On entering the park at the keeper’s lodge, followed
the line of trees and paling parallel with the river, and before I came to the house,
some excavations and irregularities in the ground mark the foundations of ancient
buildings, and the oblong square from whence the pavement was taken up still

visible. On the hill A, opposite the villa, are several small mounds of earth,

having very much the appearance of ancient tumuli.

“Visited the remains of the Roman road leading out of the station of Cunetio
at Folly Farm towards Spine, which is visible first in a ploughed field on the
brow of the hill looking over the vale of Kennet, and afterwards on Stinchcomb
Hill, on a common or down—the Zast traces hitherto known of it.

_ “Friday, 9 October. Fine and mild day. From Marlborough to Everley in

236 fxtracts from a Note-Book by Sir R. C. Hoare.

a chaise, where I met my ‘Magnus Apollo,’ Mr. Cunnington. Mounted my
horse and rode with him thus—see large map of Wilts. To the right between
East and West Everley, a group of three barrows, viz., a finely formed Druid
barrow between two bowl-shaped. A little beyond them on the declivity of a
hill is a square earthen work, very perfect on three sides, and corners apparently
rounded. In a northerly direction is a very interesting group of eight tumuli—
very rude and possessing some novelty in their forms—particularly that of a
long barrow within a circle. To the west of these, and a little on the left of the
track leading to Pewsey, are two circles connected with each other by a ditch or
hollow way. (The blackness of the soil, and the irregularity of the ground give
me good reason to suppose that on digging I shall find the site of a British
settlement here.) Turned off to the right, and skirted the ridge of hills, enjoying
a most enchanting view of the richly wooded and cultivated vale beneath,
terminated by the abrupt and bold Martinshall. On the declivity of the down
see an immense irregular long barrow, called vulgarly the Giant’s Grave.
Beyond this tumulus and between it and Milton Farm-house, we evidently found
the site of British habitations, and picked up a great deal of pottery. From
hence crossed over to Easton Hill, where we discovered irregular earthen works,
and excavations denoting ancient habitation. Returned to Milton Hill—a group
of five tumuli very near each other, and another on the declivity of the hill. In
our way back to Everley saw several others detached, but no earthen works or
excavations exciting curiosity.

‘A most interesting ride, full of novelty and information.

“Saturday, October 10, 1807. Mild and fine day. Went in a chaise to
Marden, a village on the right of the great road leading to Devizes.» Here
there is a very singular earthen work that has been unnoticed by antiquaries.
From the circumstance of the ditch being on the inside, and the vallum without,
we may safely pronounce it to have been a religious, not a military work. Its
form, however, is not circular like that of Abwry, but very irregular. ‘Though
no traces whatever of its complete continuation remain at present, I have no
doubt of such a continuance, and that in forming the water meadows, where only
the vallum is interrupted, these vestiges were removed. This work, though
certainly laborious and expensive, was much facilitated by the light sandy nature
of the soil, and the value of water meadows to a Wiltshire farmer is such as to
render my supposition of that part of the vallum which stood in their way having
been removed highly probable.

‘Curiosity is not alone confined to this outward and stupendous vallum. The
interior of the arc contains two very interesting fragments of antiquity.

‘A large tumulus, the third, I think, in size after Silbury and the Castle
hill at Marlborough. This tumulus is named in the map Hatjield barrow.
The etymology of which, as given me by a native farmer, was derived from the
unproductive quality of the soil—which occasioned its being called Hate-field.)
This tumulus is not placed in the centre of the area, but towards the northern
angle of it, or rather north-western. As our operations on it are not yet termi-
nated I can give no account either of its contents or destination. From the
moisture of the substratum of sand I have much doubt if we shall be able
effectually to explore it.

‘‘ Our workmen had a most providential escape, by being taken off to another

Extracts from a Note-Book by Sir R. C. Hoare. 237

spot by Mr. Cunnington, when during their absence several ton weight of earth
fell in, at a time when the floor of the barrow was nearly uncovered.

“ On the south-west side of the enclosure is a low circular work—very similar
to one we know near Southley Wood, Warminster—it is intersected by a hedge.

‘‘The manceuvres of the day being interrupted by the heavy fall of earth, I
left Marden and ascended the chalk hills. The eye is caught by the remains of
an ancient earthen work on the summit of the hill overlooking this fine vale.
It is called Broadbury, Brodbury, &c., &c. It has been much mutilated by chalk
pits. It is single ditched—similar square excavations (containing fragments of
the oldest pottery) to those on Cotley Hill, near Warminster, have been found here.

“These works are situated very near the great Ridge-way—see my map of
Wilts. Turned off on the left, and continued my ride along it to Casterley Camp.
Casterley much changed in its appearance, having been lately ploughed up.
Nunc seges est ubi Troja fuit. Thence crossed the vale of Avon at Chisenbury,
once the site of a priory. My trackway led me straight to the perfect little
square work called Sidbury. Great British excavations in its neighbourhood.
Saw on my right the beautiful ¢win barrows—before drawn and noticed. One
remains to be opened. ‘ Par nobile fratrum.’ Returned to Everley gratified
and benefitted, as usual, by my ride amongst the Britons.

“ Barrows OPENED BY Mr. CuNNINGTON NEAR BecKHAMPTON, 1804.

‘** A group of barrows near Shepherds Shore. Mr. C. opened the smallest,
which contained a cist with burnt bones and a jet ornament, a bone arrow-head,
a pin, &e.

‘Farther to the north-west, and under Morgan’s Hill, is a group of four
barrows, nearly in a line; but lower down the vale are several others. Opened
the second from the hill—of the Druid kind—five feet in elevation—burnt bones
and a piece of slate, and a neat little urn, also several long amber beads, and
two ivory or bone beads. Opened a tumulus lower down—a large rude black
urn with burnt bones.

‘© A little way from the above is a fine bell-shaped barrow—also one of the
eireular pond-shaped and a Druid barrow, the latter of which had a skeleton, and
a small rude urn of burnt bones inverted over the skull beneath the primary
interment, with two oblong beads.

‘Opened eight or nine more, in the group near the Roman road ascending
Oldbury Hill, but found nothing new.

“Oblong enclosure on declivity of hill pending to Old Shepherds Shore—small
earthen work within, towards the lower end. The west side is the most perfect
part of the work.

“Saturday, 3 October, 1809. Hot sultry day. Drove to Frome, and rode
from thence to Chatley, where I breakfasted with my friend Mr. Meade. Ac-
companied him to Wellow, where on the opposite side of the river, in a large
common field, of arable land called the Hayes, Colonel Leigh, of Combe Hay,
is now uncovering the pavements and foundations of a Roman villa. A prior
discovery had been made of it in 1737, and three engravings made, of three
different pavements, by the Antiquarian Society, and published in their ‘ Vetusta
Monumenta.’ Of these two are at present uncovered. The large one is sadly
mutilated, but sufficient both of the centre and border is left to show that the

238 Extracts from a Note-Book by Sir R. C. Hoare.

drawing made in 1737 is notoriously incorrect. So much so, that were it not
for the peacock’s tail in the centre, remaining, we might almost suppose it was
not the pavement originally engraven. The second sized floor is much more
correct. The third (a narrow oblong) has not been yet discovered—unless it
should prove to be the slip, adjoining the peacock apartment—but I can hardly
suppose that the artist could have carried his ineorrectness so far, when he made
the design of it, though, if only the centre pattern of this slip was uncovered, it
is possible such an error might have been made. Accurate tracings are now
making of the different pavements by the Rev. Mr. Skinner, of Camerton.

“A coin of Alectus, lately found, throws some light on the date of this villa.

“Monday, 13 June, 1814. Fine day. From Swindon to Broad Blunsdon
Camp. Pass through village of Blunsdon, enter camp by a lane south—another
entrance opposite, to north, from whence there are marks of a raised causeway,
descending from the camp and apparently following the line of some wide hedges,
across several fields. Ramparts of moderate height, wide space between them.
Natural slope of the ground forms the boundary towards the north. Area is of
rich meadow. Exceeding fine view. Camp situate on a point of hill looking
north over a great extent of country, and across N.W. into Gloucestershire. See
Cricklade, Cirencester, and numerous other villages. Dined at Highworth—Inn,
King William and Queen Mary—Darby, landlord, returned to Marlbro’ 14th.

“ Thursday, 16 June—Stormy—Gala day at Marlbro’—pretty sight—one long
table from the Market House to S. Peter’s Church, nearly half-a-mile—37 tables,
and 36 partakers of conviviality at each.

—— } 1833 persons.
223

111
Town gayly dressed out with laurel and illuminated at night.
‘‘ June 29. Examined the British village near Glory ann. In the first trial
the pickaxe struck upon a quern with the hole in it—pottery of various sorts—
stags’ horns—animals bones, &c.””

78 AUG188@

H. F. BULL, Printer and Publisher, 4, Saint John Street, Devizes,

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ARE NOW IN STOCK. °

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WILTSHIRE CoLLEctions,” Shnniey AND JACKSON
“ Account oF Brackmors Museum,” Part I.
es, ” a9 ey ig (ee.
“STONEHENGE AND its Barrows,” (being No. 46-7
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_ ed PPI ced 8vo

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AGENTS
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WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE.
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H. F. BULL, PRINTER, DEVIZES.

DECEMBER, 1885. Vou. XXII.

THE

WILTSHIRE
Archeological ont Hotural Brstary

MAGAZINE,

Published unver the Direction

OF THE

) SOCIETY FORMED IN THAT COUNTY,

A.D. 1853.

Price
Price

oo

58. 6d.—Members Gratis.

Devizes, to whom also all communications as to the supply a
- of Magazines should be addressed, and of whom most of pe :
s back Numbers may be had. 4
The Numbers of this Magazine will not be delivered, as acne

to Members who are in arrear of their Annual Subseriptions,

and who on being applied to for payment of such arrears, have y

taken no notice of the application. 4
‘All other communications to be addressed to the Honorary Seon A
a taries: the Rev. A. C. Surru, Yatesbury Rectory, Calne ; “
Re and H. E. Mepricorr, Esq., Sandfield, Potterne, Devizes. ed

The Rev. A. C, Suir will be much obliged to observers of birds — %
in all parts of the county, to forward to him notices of rare —
occurrences, early arrivals of migrants, or any remarkable facts
connected with birds, which may come under their notice. 3

To be published by the Wiltshire Archeological and Natural History
Society. Zl

THE PLOTA AO WILTS..

bY THE REV-T. A, PRESTON, Mae

The Author will be glad if any who could assist him with a list of plants —
in their several localities would kindly communicate with him. Early information _

is particularly desired. Address—Rev. T. A. Preston, Thwreaston Rectory,
: Agi olbid Sa af

THE

: WILTSHIRE
Archenlagial ant Batural BWistory

MAGAZINE.

No. LXVI. DECEMBER, 1885. Vou. XXII.

Contents,

Bs PAGE
- Contections ror A History or Wesst Dzaw: By the Rev. G. S..

UREN ( MECH DR Silicie 5 Lahisthy wince sated aa dd Bakiduki vi pucbe die ddvvcdeesbbe sagneaee 239
_ WittsHire CHANTRY FURNITURE: By the Rev. Canon Jackson, F.S.A. 318
“Norzs on somE WILTSHIRE SUPERSTITIONS” : By the Rev. Canon

Perro sry, Viva OL) Por sEN MTS kee cceledsndeced dveccversctearescouceseees 330
Tue Cuurcu Heratpey or NortH Witesistaniee: : By A. Sak sinhait Esq. 335
_ Barrows on Rounpway Hitt: By Mr. Cunnington, F.G.S. ...... 340
_ ANTIQUITIES PRESENTED BY ae HENRY ie ta Barr. : By Mr.

IRE PLAEAESTOTYg UCAS ISE Pia Sa cly asin Se uns cee vae ev vn Seecscaccadecscecevsvesoseccece 341
Barrow at OeBournE St. ANDREW’s, Wits: By Mr. eg ies
a sg NRA hgh « ( dhcntidlin sade chao edeue eiusendice debe oases 345

Oprrvarizs. Dr. BaRon AnD Given ewan Bh Gwans tensa eesawad 349
‘THE ANNIVERSARY GENERAL MEETING OF THE SOCTETY -ossescccserccs 354
_ Donations TO MUSEUM AND LIBRARY ...sccscscsssosvcccvvcvveceseccccsccecs 356

ILLUSTRATIONS.
Plan of Roman Villa at West Dean ..... seevessaevicseescss oath
DEVIZES :

in H. F. Bout, 4, Saint Jonny Strest.

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WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE,

“WULTORUM MANIBUS GRANDE LEVATUR ONUS.’— Ovid.

Collections for a History of West Dean.

By the Rev. G. S. Master (Rector).

SITUATION,

=GHE parish of West Dean, to which is annexed the tything
or chapelry of East Grimstead, lies upon the border-line of
the counties of Hants and Wilts, near the south-eastern corner of
the latter, and includes portions of both. In shape somewhat like
an elongated triangle, with its apex pointing north, and its broad
base resting upon Dean Hill on the south, it occupies the central
portion of a broad valley underlying that steep chalk ridge, and
extending to a similar one which overlooks a wide expanse of un-
enclosed down country towards the north. In length about five
miles and a half, by three in breadth, it includes the summit and
northern slopes of Dean Hill, and, between these and the chalk of
the further range, a basin of London clay, a mile or more in width,
with fringes of plastic clay. Lower Bagshot sands and clays occur
at East Grimstead upon its western edge, and there is some alluvium
in its south-eastern corner. The Wiltshire parishes of Winterslow,
Farley, and West Grimstead bound it on the west; that of White-
parish on the south; the Hampshire parishes of West Tytherley
and East Dean on the east.

NaturaL FEATURES.

The natural features of the parish are sufficiently picturesque.
The steep gray slopes, beneath which the village and its hamlet lie,
are dotted with an indigenous growth of yews and junipers, con-
trasting pleasantly with the rich stretches of arable and the vast
VOL.—XXII.—NO. LXVI. s

240 Collections for a History of West Dean.

masses of woodland beneath. From the summit of the ridge the
view ranges over the New Forest to the cliffs of the Isle of Wight
and Southampton Water on the south, and on the north’ over the
wide expanse of fertile country between Salisbury, whose Cathedral
spire is visible on the west, and the valley of the Test on the east.

Name.

Whether the name of Dean, called “ Duene” in Domesday Book,
“Dune Grimsted” in the “ Nomina Villarum,” and subsequently
“Dene,” “ Deone,” and “ Duene,” be derived from the “ dene,” or
valley, in which it nestles; or from the “dune,” or down, which
overshadows it, is of little consequence. The word is said to be
Celtic in its origin, and to signify “a sheltered quiet spot,” and
possibly “a boundary ” besides, in which case its meaning will be
identical with that of Grimstead, “the village on the dyke.”

GEOLOeY.

The geology of the parish is of no great interest, yielding, as far
as I am aware, none but the commoner fossils of the chalk. Ina
sandpit at Frenchmoor, just outside our eastern boundary, curious
dark-coloured nodules of sulphate of iron, which has become erys-
tallized around pieces of wood, or even masses of oak leaves, occur
at the lowest level.

Naturat History.

The extensive woodland, occupying nearly one-half of the entire
area of the parish, would be prolific, but for the “ keepers” (save
the mark!), of many of the rarer of our wild animals and birds.
As it is, the otter and the badger are found occasionally, hawks and
owls are numerous, the heron, dabchick, and kingfisher frequent our
stream; and the hawfinch, hailing from some unknown locality in
the neighbourhood, brings his wife and family to our gardens when
the peas are ready.

AREA.

The acreage of West Dean, as given in the tithe map and

ee,

OT La el ane elie

By the Rev. G. 8. Master. 241

apportionment, is 3448, 668 of which are in Hants; that of East
Grimstead, 927; together, 4375, and thus divided :—
West Dean. East Grimstead.

Arable 922 ba 653
Meadow and Pasture 582 S33 163
Down 160 cad 59
Woodland 1656 a 6
Homesteads 15 bey 19
Glebe 102 ims 27
Canal Banks 11
CANAL.

The last item under West Dean is a memorial of the failure of an
almost completed enterprise for carrying a canal from Southampton
to Salisbury, which was abandoned about 1800, on account, I believe,
of engineering difficulties among the shifting sand-beds of Alderbury.

PopuLaTION.

The population, as far as may be judged from the number of
baptisms and burials recorded in the parochial registers, has not
varied considerably during four centuries. The returns for the
present one are as follows :—

1801. 1811. 1821. 1831. 1841. 1851. 1861. 1871. 1881.
West Dean 221 211 258 288 292 283 3810 822 316
East Grimstead 148 118 107 122 134 125 186 129 120

Both villages must have been sufficiently retired “a hundred years
ago,” lying wide of the post roads from Salisbury to ‘Winchester
and Southampton, From the neighbourhood of the latter no in-
considerable quantity of smuggled brandy and other articles found
its way by secluded bridle paths into the adjoining districts.

Rattway.

A branch of the London and South-Western Railway, opened in
1847, and having a station at West Dean, has, since that date,
afforded ample facilities of communication, Romsey and Salisbury
being accessible in a quarter-of-an-hour, Southampton in an hour,
and London in less than three.

8 2

242 Collections for a History of West Dean.

ANTIQUITIES.
There is little doubt that in British, as in still earlier times, the

central zone of the parish was covered with dense forest, from which

the downs sloped upwards to the north and south, and that the

London clay of its lower level, where the surface-soil is deepest,

was partially cleared for agricultural purposes at an early period.
British Camp.

Of British occupation we have important and interesting evidence
in the well-preserved circular camp or entrenchment, which, although
strange to say, it entirely escaped the notice of Sir R. C. Hoare,
the historian of the county—perhaps hidden at the time from sight
by thick underwood—occupies nevertheless a position of some
prominence, close to the old Church of S. Mary—its site noted in
the tithe map as “Castle field.” Raised some 18ft. above its
encircling fosse, and having a diameter of 150ft., it is perfectly
level at the top, and nearly circular, and was utilized, at the com-
mencement of the present century, as a bowling green, by the
owners of the adjoining mansion. Defended, as I suppose, by a
strong wattled pallisade, it probably formed a “ kraal,” or enclosure
of security for the families and cattle of its constructors, on oceasions
of predatory attack, while the village warriors were doing battle with
their invaders. Its present, and—as I take it—original entrance is
on the south-west.

A good flint chisel was picked up by myself in a field called
“Tots,” adjoining my glebe, and a coin, of red gold, slightly
concave on the reverse, of Vericus, the son of Comius, a prince who
ruled over Sussex and Hants, and is ercdited with the “ mala fides”
of having invited the Roman Emperor Claudius to undertake the
subjection of the island. Upon the obverse is a five-leaved flower,
and the inscription VERI on the reverse.

Another British coin, found on the “ lytchets ” at East Dean, has
passed into the cabinet of Dr. Blackmore, of Salisbury. It is
without inscription, and bears a rude resemblance to the classical
horse, which afforded the nucleus of a design—ever degenerating
further away from the original—to a series of British monarchs. It
is of red gold, but of common type and small value.

wit Pte -

By the Rev. G. 8. Master. 243

Bracon Mounp on Dean HIt1.

Conspicuous at certain times of the year, from its lighter colour
than that of the surrounding soil, upon the crest of Dean hill, near
its centre, and overlooking the village, is a circular tumulus, greatly
diminished in height and size by the annual action of the plough-
share, but originally not less than at least 12ft. in height and 75ft.
in diameter. It has been formed of chalk, obtained from a pit sunk
for the purpose near at hand, and served, I imagine, the purpose of
a beacon mound, for conveying information inland from the coasts
of Hampshire and the Isle of Wight, being within sight of a similar
elevation on the range four miles further north, and having yielded
nothing indicative of sepulture to an exhaustive examination made
by myself in 1870, An ancient roadway, traversing the summit of
the ridge, is still in use.

Roman VILLA.

The Roman antiquities of this parish are of very unusual im-
portance. Their partial discovery, as far back as 1741, forms the
subject of notices in the minute book of the Proceedings of the
Society of Antiquaries under four several dates in that year,'! when
a tesselated pavement about 4ft. square, which had formed the
centre of the floor of a corridor, was removed to London, and after
examination by the Society was exhibited to the public at the sign
of the Golden Cross at Charing Cross.? There is a rough draft in
the Society’s collection (Drawings, vol. ii., 1720, &c.) of the entire
floor, 66ft. long by 18ft. broad, paved in straight lines with tesserz
an inch square alternately of brick and stone. These were crossed
by transverse bands enclosing a centre of finer workmanship, con-
structed of tesserze of half and a quarter of an inch square, arranged
in black and white to the number of twelve thousand, in a geometrical
design not unlike a double dahlia. The ultimate fate of “ the tra-
velled pavement” has eluded all my efforts to trace it.

1 Printed in Hoare’s ‘‘ Wilts,’ Hundred of Alderbury, pp. 30, 31.
2 Engraved in the “Transactions of the British Archzological Association at
Winchester, in 1846,” p. 241 ; and in Woodward, Wilks, and Lockhart’s “ Hants,’’
vol. iii., p. 196, but there erroneously coloured.

244, Collections for a History of West Dean.

For more than a century after the first discovery, and notwith-
standing that the ploughshare was continually bringing further
fragments to the surface, and that a portion of the pavement already
mentioned remained exposed as the floor of a builder’s shed, no
further examination seems to have been made until 1845, when the
railway, then in course of construction, passed over the spot, and
destroyed the remains which had been uncovered. It was at that
time that Charles Baring-Wall, of Norman Court, Esq., the lord of
the manor, authorized Mr. Henry Hatcher, of Salisbury, to make
further excavations, which resulted in the discovery of several more
corridors and chambers,! with imperfect pavements of much elegance
of design, in a field called Hollyflower, at that time the property
of the lord of the manor, but now part of the rector’s glebe, and
closely adjoining the present railway station.

The position and extent of the floors and foundations then dis-
closed, marked a to # in the accompanying ground-plan, taken in
connection with the others subsequently uncovered by myself, and
with the ascertained fact that further portions extended southwards
under and beyond the malthouse, windmill, and adjacent dwelling-
house, indicate the existence of an unusually extensive and important
villa, or, more probably, perhaps, of a village, or group of Roman
houses, upon this site.

The portions excavated under the direction of Mr. Baring-Wall,
and examined by Mr. Hatcher comprised the two long corridors A
and B, which extended northwards from the malthouse and ad-
joining garden, in which the original discovery was made in 1741,
and enclosed between them the chambers c and pb, the latter 25ft.
by 21ft., and the cross passage =, beyond which was the large
apartment F, which, with its furnace-room @ on the west, seemed
to terminate the building towards the north. The walls were 23ft.
in thickness, constructed of flints, set in mortar. The corridor B
was paved in long bands with a coarse mosaic of red and white
tesserz, a tiled step at its northern extremity 4in. or 5in. high and
22in. broad, leading to the small chamber 4, similarly paved, but

7A somewhat incorrect ground-plan of these will be found in the volume of
the “ Proceedings of the Archeological Association at Winchester, in 1846,” p. 243.

Portions of Villa.

<
3

cavated 1871-3.

Western Corridor.
Eastern do.
Chamber to the south.

= Lee foo ei ora at

LONDON & SOUTH WESTERN RAILWAY

starign

Cntral Chamber.

Gross Passag2,east and west:

Large Hallwith tlues and Tesselated Pavenent.
furnace room.

Small ante chamber.

Furnace room tor the Baths, t. fireplace.
Caldarium

Dressing and cooling rooms.

Passage or Vestibule.

Bath or Gstern:

Refer to excavations

made in 1846.
Hollyflower.

Portions of Villa.
excavated UL 7846.

Cold Bath, n. step, nn. leaden pipe:
Chamber, with pile and fines mutilated.
Dining reom,with tesselated floor.
Ante room, gq. tile pavement in situ.
Corridor, r. tiles im situa.
Large reomwith tled floor, s.tiles tr situ.
Chamberwith pile and tues, t. arch of preturnuum, tt. stoke hole. é!
Corridor: 3}
Court-vard.
Vestibule.
Hall,x principal fnes,xx.secondary do.xxx.tesselated pavement ur siti.
ocausts and cisterns. '
W. Tesselated Pavement. |

Refer to excavations
made in 1871-3.

N4KMASSHYRPONOAZED RSH RAH omP

VILLA URBANA.

& O Oo | IB Oo excavated 1871-3,
belmtsa Nl [a
a
VILLA RUSTICA,
eaccavated 1872-3. PLAN OF
ROMAN VILLA

AT
WEST DEAN,

On the border of Hants and Wilts.
Exccavated ir. 1741, 1846, & 1871-3.

G.S. Master, del.

Scale 48 feet to an inch

Whiteman & Bayo litho London.

By the Rev. G. 8. Master. 245

with its stripes laid in the contrary direction. In the centre of the
apartment D was a circular design like a star, its rays of three
colours—red, white, and yellow, radiating from the centre to the
circumference, where they were interrupted by segments of smaller
circles in grey stone. The large hall r, measuring internally 46ft.
by 20ft., was heated throughout by flues, as shown in the plan, the
central one 2ft., the lateral ones from 9in. to 12in. wide, the pile
supporting the floor being solid constructions of flint and chalk.
The pavement, which had fallen in by the subsidence of the flues,
was of an elaborate character, and of varied patterns, divided into
squares and circles by interlaced borders, but not, as far as I know,
containing any figures. It had an outer border of a coarser kind.
In the furnace-room @ a stag’s horn and a small metal duck were
found. These discoveries were then considered final.

It was in the summer of 1871 that, in fencing a newly-made
plantation, I struck accidentally upon another foundation, part of
the chamber marked xX upon the plan, and from that time until
October, 1873, when the excavations I had made were necessarily
filled in, was engaged at intervals in the investigation of further
portions of this important villa. I was unsuccessful in tracing, with
the help of a light tubular crowbar, made for the purpose, any
connecting walls between the excavations of 1845 and my own—
and am therefore inclined to think that they appertained to two
separate dwellings; and further, that this place, eight miles distant
from Sorbiodunum, was probably a Roman station—the first on a
road from that town to Clausentum, the nearest seaport.

Reverting to the ground-plan. The group of small chambers
marked 1 to Nn were baths, and their appliances, the floors of 13 and x
being sunk to the depth of 3ft. Their walls, of flint with sandstone
quoins, approached to within 6in. of the surface of the ground, and
from their uniform level suggested the probability of having sup-
ported a timber superstructure. The furnace-room 1, had a floor of
beaten chalk, sloping basin-wise to the fire-place 7, and in the
thickness of either pier a narrow seat for an attendant slave. The
arch of the fire-place had fallen in. The curved wall of the steam
bath s showed the position of the stool upon which the bather sat,

246 Collections for a History of West Dean.

a moveable metal dome, raised or depressed at pleasure, retaining or
releasing the vapour. The adjoining chamber, x, was a cooling or
dressing room; L, a passage, on either side of which were the baths
M and n, the former for hot water, the latter for cold, the first heated
by a fire-place at m, which seems to have served also as the pre-
furnium of the chamber 0, the second approached by a tiled step at
m, and supplied with water by a leaden pipe, carried through the
wall at ~~. Both had floors of pink concrete, and were only 24ft.
in depth. The southern wall of the oblong room o had been
destroyed, but its flues remained, with their substantial pile of flint
and chalk, without any traces, however, of pavement upon them.

The floor of the adjoining room P was perfect, but without a
hypocaust. Its centre, composed of twenty squares each way,
alternately of brick and stone tesserz, each square of 6in. containing
thirty-six, was surrounded by an 8ft. border of red tesserz of the
same size. I think that this room may have been the dining-room,
and have contained the triclinium, in which case the ante-room q@
with its floor of common 6in. tiles—many of which remained i situ
—would have been the serving-room for the attendants.

In the corridor r and the large hall s patches of similar tiles
were found, and the impressions of others which had been removed
were indented in the concrete of the floors.

The room t, heated by flues of similar construction to those at 0,
and 83ft. deep, had the arch of its prefurnium entire at ¢, with a
square plastered stoke-hole at ¢¢. The little recesses at the corners
may have received the upright timbers supporting the roof. Many
bones of oxen, pigs, and deer were found in the flues, but there were
no indications of a tesselated floor. The corridor uv was in an im-
perfect state of preservation, the courtyard or ambulatory v retaining,
however, its boundary wall to the south, and a small portion of its
tiled pavement. ‘The vestibule w, divided into two equal parts by
short walls on the north and west, was probably open to the south,
a strong pier, 5ft. square, taking the place of a wall on that side.
Three similar piers, ranging with this, and, once supporting columns,
formed the southern front of the important chamber x, 26ft. by 20ft.,
having strong walls, 3ft. in thickness, and intersected by principal

By the Rev. G. 8. Master. 247

and secondary flues (marked x and x-x), respectively 4ft. and 3ft. in
depth, constructed between and within substantial and solid pile of
flint and chalk. Upon these were lying several large fragments of
pavement (marked xxx), the tessere lin. square, arranged in
parallel bands of red, white, and grey’; and portions of a finer centre,
the tessere of which were tin. square, had fallen in ruin to the
bottom of the flues. These were covered over with large pieces of
Portland stone, those at x x remaining im situ, while the others had
been battered down by the fall of the roof and walls. The arch of
the prefurnium had collapsed, but its sides were perfect, constructed
of thick and large tiles. From the position of this chamber, the
unusual thickness of its walls, its southern areade of piers—a portion
of the tiled passage between two of them remaining at xxxx—lI
am led to the conclusion that it formed the entrance-hall, or principal
reception-room of the villa; and, as it was the first to be discovered,
so was the most important portion of the whole.

A second series of baths was discovered at y. Here were two
hypocausts in very perfect preservation, the suspensura in both in-
stances destroyed. The chamber yy contained fourteen pillars of
tiles, and communicated, by three well-turned arches, with that
marked y y y, in which the sustaining piers were of flint and chalk.
The cisterns y were constructed of tiles, and lined with salmon-
coloured concrete.

At z a perfect piece of tesselated pavement, about 4ft. square, was
successfully exhumed entire, and is now in my possession. It
formed the centre of a larger floor, the outer part of which was
composed of forty rows each way of inch-square stone tesserae.
The finer portion, of din. tesserze, red, white, grey, and black, repre-
sents a double-handled urn or cup, surrounded by a circular twisted
guilloche border, within a square of the same design. The walls of
this chamber could not be defined.

The “ Villa Rustica,” as I presume to call it, was a large oblong
enclesure, built askew from the lines of the main building, and
measured internally 107ft. by 32ft. Its walls, 23ft. in thickness,
were strongly constructed of flint with coigns of red sandstone. Its
western end was occupied by a long chamber or corridor, perhaps

248 Collections for a History of West Dean.

the dormitory of the slaves, 11ft. in width ; adjoining which, on the
north-east, was a smaller room, 11ft. square, the inner angle of its
walls supported by a block of freestone, 2ft. by 13ft. Ranging
with this was a row of piers, 10ft. apart. upon which rested, I
suppose, the wooden supports of a lean-to roof, sloping towards the
south. The western pier was a block of freestone similar in all
respects to that beneath the angle of the adjoining wall. The re-
maining five constructions, of flint, were 3ft. square, with the ex-
ception of the eastern one, which, having perhaps to carry the return
of the roof, was 5ft. square, The remainder of the area—open or
not to the air—was for the use of the slaves, and had a floor of hard
chalk. At its south-east corner was a curious construction of stone,
flint, and tiles, containing a sunken oven or cooking-place (marked
a) of baked clay, bearing evidence of intense heat, about 3ft. by 2ft.,
a stoke-hole 14ft. wide, at its side, and a small enclosure about 5ft.
square occupying the angle of the adjoining walls. Many bones of
cattle, oyster shells, and other refuse were found here, and ina
circular ash-pit (4), hard by, fragments of pottery and charred wood.
There was another hearth, or fireplace, at e¢.

The eastern wall of the enclosure, prolonged towards the north,
we laid bare for 70ft. without finding its termination, or making
further discoveries. It had formed, perhaps, the boundary of a
courtyard or garden.

The “ Villa Fructuaria,” the third division of a Roman dwelling
of importance, remains yet to be explored; and I am conscious that
the investigation of the other portions has been but imperfectly
conducted, and that much that is of interest may have escaped my
notice. But enough has been disclosed to prove that these buildings
were of considerable consequence; and their excavation certainly
deserves to be placed on record.

Amongst the objects it has yielded were large quantities of hexa-
gonal roofing-stones, brought from Portland, so numerous, indeed,
that I have utilized them to cover a lean-to cattle-shed in the field
where the villa stood ; fragments of internal wall-plastering, frescoed
in lines and trellis-work, the colors still bright—green, yellow, red,
and white; portions of the horns of red, fallow, and_roe deer ; boars’

:

By the Rev. G. 8. Master. 249

tusks and cocks’ spurs; pottery of several different kinds, coarse
black and grey ware, of which the larger culinary vessels were made ;
a harder kind, of brown color, for drinking vessels, some of them
ornamented with patterns laid on in white lines; and basins of fine
Samian ware; upon a fragment of one of them an embossed design
of animals and figures, suggesting a portion of a zodiac; mortaria,
for grinding grain; a single thin glass bowl of green color; quan-
tities of window-glass of various tints and thickness, some of the
pieces smooth on one side and rough on the other—almost identical
with “ Hartley’s patent”; small pieces of marble and spar, the
latter thrown down apparently in one spot; nails of all sizes, from
the “clavi trababales,’ which held in their places the large beams
of the roof, to small iron tacks; iron pincers, gouges, hooks, rings,
knife blades, cramps, and the bowl of a fire-shovel—found in one of
the stoke-holes; fragments of lead and sheet-copper ; bones of cattle,
deer, swine, &c.; shells of oysters, whelks, mussels, and snails.

Of personal ornaments and utensils there were bone pins and knife
handles, a bronze pin silvered, wooden rings and whorls, bronze
fibule, buckles, armille, links, and lockets; and—most interesting
of all, because identifying the occupation of the villa with post-
Christian times—a small bronze seal or stud, set with a white stone,
bearing a crucifix impressed upon it. All these are in my possession,
and form the nucleus of a small parochial museum, which, I trust,
may be preserved and extended by my successors.

The coins found were chiefly of second and third brass, comprising
specimens of Victorinus, Aurelianus, Carausius, Allectus, Helena,
Alexander (silvered) , Constantinus Magnus, Crispus, Constantinus IT,
Constans, Constantius II, and Magnentius. A first brass of Com-
modus, and one of Helena were the only coins of that size. No
gold or silver ones were found, nor any object whatever of any
intrinsic value.

I have a few Roman coins in my collection, not found by myself,
but picked up at various times by others within the limits of the
parish. Among these is a second brass, in good condition, of
Antoninus Pius, and a remarkably beautiful bronze medallion of the
‘Empress Faustina.

250 Collections for a History of West Dean.

Before leaving the subject I may mention that all the foundations
unearthed by myself have been carefully re-covered, and remain in
the ground. It was found impossible to leave them open—the
action of the air and frost having a destructive effect upon the floors
and walls, and the heaps of soil removed from them, and quickly
covered with charlock and other weeds, being unsightly and ob-
structive.

History or THE Manors or Wurst Dean anp East GrimstTEaD.

There are four entries in Domesday Book under the headings of
* Duene” and “ Dene” respectively, of which one relates to the
Wiltshire and one to the Hampshire portion of the parish, while
the two others refer, it is supposed, to the adjoining hamlet of East
Dean—then, as now, a tything and chapelry of the parish of
Mottisfont, in the latter county.

The Wiltshire entry referring to West Dean is as follows :—

“Tpse Walerannus tenet Duene. Godric tenuit tempore Regis Edwardi, et
geldabat pro 2 hidis et una virgata terre. Terra est 3 carucate. De ea est in
dominio 1 hida, et ibi carucata et dimidium, et 2 servi; et unus villanus, et 10
coscez. cum carucata et dimidio. Ibi molinus et dimidium reddens 16 solidos, et
5 acre prati. Silva 1 quarentena inter longitudinem et latitudinem. Valuit et
valet 60 solidos.”

“ Waleran himself holds Duene. Godric held it in the time of King Edward,
and it paid geld for two hides and one virgate of land. The land is three caru-
cates. Of this there is in demesne one hide, and there is a carucate and a half
and two serfs; and there are one villan and ten coscets with a carucate and a
half. There is a mill and a half paying sixteen shillings, and five acres of
meadow. ‘The wood is one furlong between length and breadth. It was and is
worth sixty shillings.”

From this it would appear that no variation in value had occurred
during the forty years preceding the compilation of Domesday, and
that the arable land in Wiltshire amounted to some one hundred
and fifty acres.

There is nothing in the entry to account for the large tract of
woodland, more than sixteen hundred acres in extent, which, under
the name of Bentley wood, occupies the central area of the parish,
and which is conjectured to have once formed part of the Saxon

ee ee es

By the Rev. G. 8. Master. 251

forest of Natan-leah.! It is possible that this may have been
assigned (as was not unusual in cases of manors which had no wood-
land near at hand) to the royal manor of Amesbury, for under that
heading occurs “ a wood, six miles long and four miles broad,”* and
it is difficult to identify it with any other.

The Saxon possessor of West Dean may possibly have been the
same Godric Venator, who, as one of the king’s thanes, was allowed
by the Conqueror to retain small estates at Mere and Hartham, the
latter inherited from his father. The name occurs in the Wiltshire.
Domesday as tenant in the Confessor’s time of land at Alderton, Alton,
Fisherton-Anger, Frustfield, Littlecote, Orcheston, and Standen.

Of Waleran, the powerful Englishman who succeeded him, more
will be said hereafter.

The Hampshire entry referring to West Dean runs thus :—

“Tdem Walerannus tenet Dene. Boda tenuit de rege Edwardo in allodium.
Tune et modo geldat pro 2 hidis et una virgata. Terra est 3 carucate. In dominio
est una carucata; et 11 bordarii cum 2 carucatis; et molinus de 20 solidis, et 4
acre prati. Silva ad clausuram. Tempore Regis Edwardi valebat 4)libras; post
60 solidos. Modo 40 solidos.”

“The same Waleran holds Dene and Boda held it allodially of King Edward.
It was then as now assessed at two hides, and one yardland. Here are three
plough-lands, one in demesne ; and eleven borderers with two plough-lands : also
a mill worth twenty shillings, four acres of meadow, and a copse for fences. Its.
value in the time of King Edward was £4, afterwards 60s., now 40s.”

The diminution in value may, perhaps, have been occasioned by
the extension of the royal forest rights. But the quantity of arable
land in the Hampshire portion equalled that in the Wiltshire portion
of the parish, while its population and previous value were greater.

I take this entry to represent the six hundred and sixty-eight
acres of the parish lying in the county of Hants, which were some-
times erroneously styled “ East Dean,” and sometimes more properly

1See a paper by Edwin Guest, Esq., F.R.S., in the “Salisbury Volume of the

Archeological Institute,” 1851.

2 Jones’s “ Wiltshire Domesday,” p. 8, note; Hoare’s “ Modern Wilts,’’
Hundred of Heytesbury, p. 168.

252 Collections for a History of West Dean.

West Dean All Saints,” belonging, as they did, to a formerly-
existing independent parish in that county, about which more will
be found under the heading of “ Ecclesiastical History.”

There was another small property at ‘‘ Dene ” possessed by
Waleran, of which it is remarked, “non adjacet ulli suo manerio.”
This I suppose to have been a farm in the neighbouring tything of
East Dean, in the parish of Mottisfont, between which and his
manor of West Dean another holding intervened—that, perhaps,
described as held by Walter, son of Roger.

Yet another notice of “ Dene” occurs in Domesday, under the
head of “ Broughton,” to which parish still belongs a portion of
East Dean, known as “ Frenchmoor”—no doubt ‘“ Frank-mere,”
“the common border ground.”

The history of East Grimstead has always been interwoven with
that of West Dean. The former is said to have been the “ head”?
of the barony of Waleran, by which I suppose to be meant his place
of residence. Nevertheless the survey shows it to have been sub-let,
and not held in hand, as Dean was, by its lord. The entry referring
to it is as follows :—

“ Herbertus tenet de Waleran Gremestede. Agemundus tenuit T. R. E. et
geldabat pro 3 hidis. Terra est 3 carucate: de ea est in dominio 1 hida et

dimidium, et ibi 1 carucata et 2 servi, et 5 villani, et 7 coscez cum 3 carucatis.
Ibi 10 acre prati, silva 5 quarantenz longa et 2 lata, Valuit et valet 60 solidi.’’

‘Herbert holds Gremestede of Waleran. Agemund held it in the time of
King Edward, and it was assessed at three hides. Here are three plough-lands ;
one hide and a half is in demesne, where is one plough-land ; and two servants,
five villagers, and seven cottagers occupy three plough-lands. Here are ten acres
of meadow: the wood is five furlongs in length and two in breadth. It was and

is worth sixty shillings.”

So it would seem that this now insignificant hamlet was of greater
comparative importance and value at that time than it has since
been. In population and in land under the plough it equalled the
Wilts portion of West Dean, while its woodland was more extensive,
and its assessment the same.

The subsequent history of the manors of West Dean and East

1 Hoare’s ** Wilts,” Hundred of Cawden, p. 25; Addenda, p, 73.

By the Rev. G. 8. Master. 253

Grimstead is one of considerable interest, if it be only for the curious
circumstance of the re-union, after a separation of three centuries
and a half, of the representatives of the co-heiresses between whom
at an early period they were divided. Both of them, as we have
seen, were the property of Waleran, the favored English huntsman
of the Conqueror, and the ranger of his New Forest.' This fortunate
man was possessed of large estates and numerous manors in Dorset,
Hants, and Wilts, which, together with his rangership, he trans-
mitted to his descendants. William Waleran, presumed to have
been his son, had a son named Waleran Fitz-William, who rendered
account to the Crown in 1130-1 of the taxation of the New Forest
and other matters.2 His son, Walter Waleran, had a son of the
same name, who, making a return of his knight’s fees in 1165,
showed that he was entitled to the service of twenty knights, who
are mentioned by name, and amongst whom I notice William de
Livierez,3 or Loveraz (from dowp, fem. lowve, a wolf), no doubt from
a place still known as “ The Liveries,” in the parish of West Dean.
By his wife, Isabel, grand-daughter of William Longspée, Earl of
Salisbury,‘ this second Walter had three daughters and coheirs, who
shared his manors of West Dean and East Grimstead among them.
He died in 1200,° his widow obtaining licence to re-marry two years
afterwards. The rangership of the New Forest probably devolved
upon heirs male, and became vested in a collateral branch of the
family, for in 1267-8 Robert de Walerond ® gave in fee farm to Alan
de Plugenet, his nephew, son of Alice, his sister, several manors in
Dorset, Somerset, and Wilts, and the “ Forestership of the New
Forest.”

1 See vol. x. of this journal, p. 168.
2“ Pipe Roll,” 31 Henry I.

3 A family of this name was also seated at Cowesfield-Loveraz, in the adjoining

parish of Whiteparish.
4 Jones’s “ Wilts Domesday,” p. 104, note.

5 His obit was kept on January 5th. He gave land at Est Deona to the
Cathedral Church of Salisbury (alienated, in 1880, to Mr. Levi Jerrett, by the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners).

6 Arms of Walerond, ‘‘ Argent a bend engrailed gules.”

254 Collections for a History of West Dean.

Cecilia, the eldest daughter of Walter Waleran, married Sir John
de Monmouth, Sheriff of Wilts, 1228-9, who died 1256-7, seised in
her right of a third of these manors.! Their son, Sir John de
Monmouth, executed in 1280-1 for the slaughter of Adam de Gibert,
Chaplain of Wells,? incurring forfeiture of his estates, they became
eventually merged in those of his mother’s two sisters, to whose
descendants they were restored by the Crown.

Albreda, the second daughter and co-heir, married Sir John de
Ingham,’ of Ingham, in Norfolk, who paid a fine of sixty marks
and a palfrey in 1201, for livery of one-third of the barony of Walter
Waleran, and had issue a son, Sir Oliver de Ingham. Sir John
died in 1203, his widow re-marrying William de Boterell, and having
no issue by him died seised of these manors in 1248-9. Sir Oliver
succeeded, and in conjunction with his cousin, William de St.
Martin, petitioned the Crown for the restoration of the forfeited
estates above-mentioned,’ but did not succeed in obtaining them, the
matter remaining in abeyance until after the decease of both
claimants. He was styled “ Lord of Grymstede,” and died in
1281, seised of the manor of East Codford and lands in Dene, East
Grymstede, and East Hamptworth. By his wife, Elizabeth, living
in 1291-2,6 he had a son, Sir John de Ingham, to whom, in con-
junction with Reginald, son of William de St. Martin, King
Edward I. granted in 1305-6 livery of the manor of Steeple
Langford, and a third part of the manor of Est Grymstede, being
the manors of John de Monmouth, executed as aforesaid. Sir John
married the Lady Mercy (living in 1328), and died 1309-10, seised
of the manors of West Dene, East Grymstede, Steeple Langford,
Codford, and Hamptworth. He left a son and heir, Sir Oliver de
Ingham, a distinguished warrior, governor of the royal castles of

1 «Testa de Nevill’; Hoare’s “ Modern Wilts,” Hundred of Alderbury, p.
17; Hundred of Branch and Dole, p. 11.
2“ Abbrev. Placit,” 33 Edward I.
3 Arms of Ingham, ‘Or a cross moline gules.”
4 “Tng. post mortem.”
5 6¢ Rot, Parl.,” vol. i.; “ Rot. Hund.,” vol. ii, p. 242.
6 Blomfield’s ‘‘ Norfolk,” ix.

By the Rev. G. 8. Master. 255

Marlborough, Devizes, Guildford, and Ellesmere, custos of Chester,
seneschal of Gascoyn and Aquitaine, who married Elizabeth, daughter
of Lord Zouch, and dying in 1343, seised of the said manors and
the advowsons of their Churches, was buried at Ingham, beneath a
euriously-sculptured freestone tomb, upon which reposes his effigy
with an inscription recounting his exploits—the most prominent of
which were the taking of Anjou and the defence of Bordeaux.!
His only son, John de Ingham, having pre-deceased him, sine pro/e,
his estates would have passed to his two daughters, Elizabeth and
Joan, but that the first having married Sir John Curzon had died
during her father’s lifetime, leaving an only daughter, Mary, upon
whom thererefore, jointly with her aunt, Joan, they devolved. Mary
married Stephen de Tumby, who was seised in her right of half the
manor of East Grimstede, in 1847-8, but died without issue 1349-50,
her inheritance reverting to Joan, then the second wife of Sir Roger
le Strange, Lord of Knockyn, Co. Salop, who was seised for life of
the moiety of these manors, but died without issue by her. She
re-married Sir Miles Stapleton,? K.G., of Bedale, Co. York, and
having a son by him was enabled to transmit her property to her
descendants. He died in 1864-5 seised, with Joan his wife, of half
the manor of West Dene, &c., and was buried in her Church of
Ingham, where they had previously founded a priory. Their beautiful
effigies in brass, with canopy and marginal inscription—all now lost
—have fortunately been engraved and described,® and there are
impressions from the originals in the British Museum.* Their son,
Sir Miles Stapleton, married Ela, daughter of Sir Edmund Ufford.
She survived him, and was buried at Ingham, where was a brass—
now lost—to her memory.’ He died seised of the moiety of these
manors in 1419-20, and was succeeded by his son, Sir Brian Staple-
ton, who died seised of them in 1438-9, and with his wife, Cecilia,

1 Weever’s “Funeral Monuments,” p. 818; Hoare’s “ Wilts,” Hundred of
Heytesbury, p. 229.

? Arms of Stapleton, “ Azure, a lion rampant or.”

8 Cotman’s “ Brasses of Norfolk,” pl. 4, p.5 ; Gough’s “Sepulchral Monuments,”

vol. i., pl. 45, p. 119. Stothard’s “ Monument Eff.,” p. 57, introduc., p. 158,
4 The inscription will be found in Hoare’s “ Modern Wilts.”
5 Engraved in Cotman’s ‘‘ Brasses of Norfolk,” vol. i., pl. xx., p. 17.

VOL. XXII.—NO. LXVI. T

256 Collections for a History of West Dean.

daughter of William, Lord Bardolph, lies buried at Ingham, where
their tomb has been despoiled of its effigies in brass.’ Their son,
Sir Miles Stapleton, was twice married, first to Elizabeth, daughter
of Sir Simon Felbrigg, and secondly to Katharine, daughter of Sir
Thomas de Ja Pole, son of Michael, Earl of Suffolk, and dying1466-7
was buried at Ingham, where was a fine brass to his memory and
that of his two wives.? By the second (who re-married Sir Richard
Harcourt of Ellenhall, Co. Staff.,) he left issue two daughters and
co-heirs, Elizabeth, second wife of Sir William Calthorpe, and Jane,
who married first Sir John Huddlestone, of Millum Castle, Cumber-
land, and secondly Sir Christopher Harcourt,’ lord of Stanton-
Harcourt, Co. Oxon, son of Sir Richard, above-mentioned, by Edith,
his wife, daughter and heir of Thomas St. Clere. Sir William and
Sir Christopher were jointly seised of the moiety of these manors in
1467-8, after which they devolved upon the son of the latter, Sir
Simon Harcourt, who, dying seised of them in 1547, lies buried in
Stanton-Harcourt Church, beneath an altar tomb bearing the shield
and impalements of the Harcourt, Stapleton, Darrell, and St. Clere
families. By Agnes, his first wife, daughter of Thomas Darrell,
of Scotney, Co. Salop, Esq., he had a son, Sir John Harcourt, who,
smarrying Margaret, daughter and eventually heir of Sir William
’ Barentyne, the descendant of Isabel, third daughter and co-heir of
Walter Waleran, re-united, as has been already mentioned, the
representatives of that family.

We now revert to the last-named lady, and proceed to trace the
descent of the second moiety of the manors. By her marriage with
Sir William de Neville she had a daughter and heir, Joane de
Neville, who married Jordan de St. Martin, and was mother of
William de St. Martin, who was found by inquisition temp. Edw. I.
to hold in conjunction with Sir Oliver de Ingham two knights’ fees
fo bethinld "2000" 2 eek Oi a alee eo lee ee

1 Engraved in Gough’s “Sepulchral Monuments,” vol. ii., pl. 45, p. 119, and
in Cotman’s “ Brasses of Norfolk,” vol. i., pl. 22, p. 19.

2 Cotman, vol. i., pl. 30, p. 22

3 Arms of Harcourt, ‘‘ gules, two bars or.”

4 Architect, Antiq. in Neighbourhood of Oxford,” p. 178.

By the Rev. G. §. Master. 257

in Deone and Est-Grymstede, formerly belonging to Walter Waleran,
and who concurred with his cousin in an application, subsequently
successful, for the restoration of the portion of the estate which had
escheated to the Crown. Dying in 1280-1 he was succeeded by his
eldest son, Sir Reginald de St. Martin, who married Emma, daugh-
ter of Adam Plugenet, but died sive prole, 1814-15, when his share
of the manors passed to his next brother, Sir Lawrence de St.
Martin, who died 1318-19 seised of it and of a moiety of the for-
feited portion, jointly with his wife Sibilla, daughter and co-heir of
Sir John Lorty, of Axford, Co. Wilts, by Maud, daughter of Lord
Lovell. The only son, Lawrence de St. Martin, dying sine prole, his
two sisters became co-heirs, of whom Sibilla, the elder, married Sir
John Popham, of Popham, Hants; and Joane, the younger, Roger
de Calston, who died seised of the manor of Littlecote, 1291-2, by
whom she had issueSir Roger de Calston,who married Felicia de Combe
and had issue Sir Thomas de Calston, who married Joan, daughter and
¢o-heir of Thomas Chelrey, of Chelrey, Co. Berks,! had partition
of property, receiving the manor of Axford, 1385-6, which, devolving
upon Elizabeth, his daughter and heir, was carried by her marriage
with William Darrell, Sub-Treasurer of England, 1390-1, to her
husband’s family. Sir John Popham died seised of half of these
manors, 1392-3, after which West Dean was styled Popham Dene,
and is mentioned by Leland, under that designation, as “some tyme
the chief lordship or manor place of the Pophams.”? He left two
sons, Sir John Popham, Constable of Touraine and Treasurer of the
Household to King Henry VI., and Henry Popham, Esq. Sir John
had a son, also Sir John Popham, zt. 50 in 1448, and heir of West
Dean, on whose death, sine prole, in 1463, the large estates of the
family devolved upon the four daughters and co-heirs of Sir Stephen
Popham, son of Henry, above-mentioned, who had died in 1418,
Sir Stephen, Sheriff of Wilts 1434-5, was twice married, first to
Beatrix, daughter of Sir John Bovie (or Bohun, or Gawen),’ and

1 Vol. iv. of this journal, p. 226.
_* Teland’s ‘‘Itin.,” vol. vi., p. 40; vol. i. of this journal, p. 173. Arms of
Popham, ‘‘ Argent, on a chief gules two buck’s heads cabossed or.”
3 Hoare’s ‘‘ Modern Wilts,’ Hundred of Alderbury, p. 20, note.
T2

258 Collections for a History of West Dean.

secondly to Margaret, daughter and heir of Nicholas Read, of Co.
Somerset." By his first wife he had three daughters, Margaret,
wife of 'Phomas Hampden, of the county of Bucks, Eleanor, wife
of Sir John Barentyne,? of Little Haseley, Co. Oxon, and Alice,
wife of Humphrey Foster,® of Co. Somerset ; and by his second one,
Elizabeth, wife of John Wadham, Esq. In the partition of property
the second moiety of these manors, besides lands at Popham, Long-
stock, and East Dean fell to Elizabeth Barentyne, whose husband
died seised of them in 1474, leaving a son, John Barentyne, et. 14
at that date. He married Mary, daughter of Thomas Stonor, of
Stonor, Co. Oxon, Esquire, and had a son, Sir William Barentyne,
who died 1549-50, leaving by his wife, of Eton, relict of
Gray, three sons, Francis, Drewe, and Charles, and three daughters,
of whom Margaret, becoming eventually heir to her brothers and
representative of her family, was married to Sir John Harcourt, and
effected the reunion of the heirs of Waleran.

Sir John Harcourt, who presented to the rectory of Steeple
Langford in 1551, died in 1565, and was succeeded by his son, Sir
Simon Harcourt, Sheriff of Oxon and Berks, who appears as patron
of West Dean in 1555, and died in 1577, leaving by his third wife,
Maria, daughter and heir of Sir Edward Aston, of Tixall, Co.
Stafford, with other sons, Sir Walter Harcourt, who married Dorothy,
daughter of William Robinson, of Drayton Bassett, Co. Stafford,
and had issue, with other children, Robert Harcourt, et. 9 in 1583,
who married Elizabeth. daughter of Geoffrey Vere, son of John, Earl
of Oxford, and had issue Sir Simor, knighted 1627, and killed at
Carickmain, in Ireland, who married Anne, daughter of William,
Lord Paget, their grandson being afterwards raised to the peerage
as Baron and Viscount Harcourt.*

1 Berry’s “ County Genealogies,” Hants, p. 181.
2 Arms of Barentyne, “Sable, three eagles displayed argent.”

3 The Foster family seems to have inherited a portion of the Waleran estates
at Steeple Langford, where, in 1477, Humphrey Foster, jun., Esq., in 1507 Sir
Roger Foster, in 1511 Sir George Foster, in 1548 Humphrey Foster, Esq., pre-
sented to that rectory. A claim was made in 1532 by Sir George and Elizabetk
Foster for the manor of East Grimstead.

4 Playfair’s “ Family Antiquities,” i., p. 477.

—

By the Rev. G. 8. Master. 259

About the commencement of the seventeenth century the: manor
and advowsen of West Dean passed by purchase to the family of
Evelyn,' originally of Co. Salop, and then of Harrow-on-the-hill,
Co. Middlesex. William Evelyn, of that place, had a son, Roger
Evelyn, of Stanmore, in the same county, who married Alice,
daughter and heir of Aylard, by whom he had John Evelyn, of
Kingston, Co. Surrey; who, marrying the daughter and heir of
David Vincent, a relative of David Vincent, Lord of the manor of
Long Ditton, had issue (with a daughter, married to Robert Cole,
of Heston, Co. Middlesex, of an elder branch of the family of the
Earls of Enniskillen) an only son, George Evelyn. This George,
obtaining a monoply for the manufacture of gunpowder, and
establishing mills at Long Ditton, Godstone, and Wotton, acquired
a large fortune, and purchased extensive estates in Surrey and
elsewhere. Twice married, he had by his first wife, Rose, daughter
and heir of Thomas Williams, brother and heir of Sir John Williams,
a large family, of whom three sons and one daughter survived. Of
the sons, Thomas, the eldest, was of Long Ditton, where his grandson
was created a baronet, February 17th, 1682-3 ; and John, the second,
was of Kingston and Godstone, where his grandson, son of his second
son, John, attained the like honour by letters patent from the Hague,
29th May, 1660. By his second wife, Joan, daughter of ...... Stint,
George Evelyn had again a numerous family, of whom survived
Catherine, married to Thomas Stoughton, and Richard, who was of
Wotton, and by Eleanor, his wife, daughter and heir of John
Stansfield, of Lewes, Co. Sussex, Esq., had issue, with other children,
John Evelyn, F.R.S., the accomplished author of “ Silva.”

The purchaser of the Dean estate was John Evelyn, of Godstone,
Esq,, above-mentioned, second son of George. It is probable that
he erected the mansion house, and resided in it for the latter portion
of his life, for he was buried in the chancel of this Church (where
was a monument to his memory), May 21st, 1627, et. 73. From
this, and his funeral certificate,z it appears that by Elizabeth, his

1 Arms of Evelyn, “ Azure a griffin passant and achief or.” Crest, “ A griffin
passant or ducally gorged, beaked and forelegged azure.”
2 Printed in “ Miscellanea Genealogica,”’ pt. i., New Series.

260 Collections for a History of West Dean.

wife (born 1559, died 1625, and buried here), daughter and heir of
William Stevens, of Kingston, Co. Surrey, Esq., he had three sons
and eight daughters, all represented, with their parents, upon the
monument. Of his eldest son, George, more hereafter. The second
was Sir John, of Godstone, the third, James. Of the daughters,
Elizabeth married Sir Edward Engham, of Goodneston, Co. Kent ;
Frances, Sir Frances Clarke, of Merton Abbey, Co. Surrey; Anne,
John Hartopp, Esq.; Jane, first, Sir Anthony Benne, Recorder of
London, and secondly, Sir Eustace Hart, of that city ; Margaret,
John Saunders, of Reading, Esq.; Sara and Susan died young, and
Elizabeth died unmarried in 1628. George Evelyn, the eldest son,
was one of the six clerks of the Court of Chancery, presented to
this rectory, vitd patris, in 1620, and dying at Everley, in Wiltshire,
19th January, 1636-7, intestate,’ seised of this manor and advowson,
lands in East Dean, Lockerley, and Farley, and the manors of Putton
(Pitton) and Ashton Keynes, was buried in the chancel of this
Church, with much ceremony,? February 22nd. By Elizabeth, his
wife, daughter and co-heir, and at length sole heir (1637), of John
Ryvers, Esq., second son of Sir John Ryvers, of Co. Kent, Lord
Mayor of London, 1573, he had issue, three sons, of whom George,
the second, dying without issue, was buried here January 21st, 1635 ;
and Arthur, the third, an officer in Cromwell’s army, married Ann,
daughter of Lady Harrington, and sister of Lady Acton (or Ashton)
and James Harrington ; and one daughter, Elizabeth, who married
here, December 14th, 1624, John Tyrell, Esq., afterwards Sir John,
of Springfield, Co. Essex, and dying in 1629-30, leaving one
daughter, Elizabeth (baptised here, 2nd November, 1629), was
buried in this chancel, a beautiful marble bust perpetuating her
memory. Sir John Evelyn, the eldest of the sons, was born in
1602, was M.P. for Wilton, 1625-6, for Ludgershall, 1640-2,
Governor of Wallingford, 1646, M.P. for Totnes, 1655, presented
to this rectory in 1661, 1672, and 1682, and dying in 1685, was
buried in the south chantry of this Church, where is a marble

1“ Yngq. Esch.,” 13 Car. I., p. 2, No. 107.

7See account of his funeral, in ‘‘ Miscellanea Genealogica,”’ p. 67, and his
funeral certificate, p. 2. :

By the Rev. G. 8. Master. 261

monument with a fine bust to his memory. He married, in 1623,
Elizabeth, daughter and co-heir of Robert Cockes, of London, Esq.,
by whom he had issue one son, George Evelyn, baptised at Everley;
19th May, 1636, died 6th September, 1641, and buried in the
ehancel of this Church in his sixth year, his effigy, in brass, re-
maining; and four daughters, Marie, Elizabeth, Anne, and Sarah,
the three first baptised at Everley, 1638, 1639, and 1641; of whom
survived Elizabeth and Sarah, the first her father’s heir, the latter
successively the wife, firstly, of Sir John Wray, of Glentworth,
Bart. (whom she married here in 1661, his second wife, and by whom
she had an only daughter, Elizabeth, who married Nicholas, eldest
son of George, Viscount Castleton) secondly, of Thomas, second
Viscount Fanshawe, of Dromore (his second wife, by whom she had
one son, Evelyn Fanshawe—born 1668, died at Aleppo, 1687—and
one daughter, Katherine), and thirdly, of George, Viscount Castleton,
his second wife. Offending her father by her third marriage, she
was deprived of all share in his property, the only mention of her
in his will being this brief passage, “ I give to my daughter, Dame
Sarah, Viscountess Castleton five shillings for her legacy.” Her
sister, Elizabeth Evelyn, married Robert, eldest son of the Hon.
William Pierrepont, second son of Robert, first Earl of Kingston,
and having carried her paternal estates to that family, was bane
here, January 4th, 1698-9.

The family of Pierrepont,’ deducing its origin from Robert, ia
Norman, who held lands temp. William II., amounting to ten

- knights’ fees, in Sussex and elsewhere, was of Hurst-Pierrepont, in

that county, and afterwards, by marriage with the heiress of
Maunvers, of Holme, Co. Notts, of that place, thenceforth styled
Holme-Pierrepont, of which was Sir Henry Pierrepont (ob. 1615),
whose only son (by his wife, Frances, eldest daughter of Sir William
Cavendish, and the celebrated Bess of Hardwick, and sister of the first
Ear! of Devonshire), Robert Pierrepont, Lieut.-General of the Forces
under Charles I., created Baron Pierrepont and Viscount Newark,
1627, and Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull in the following year, was

1 Arms of Pierrepont, “Argent semeé of cinquefoils gules, a lion rartipant
sable.’

262 Collections for a History of West Dean.

killed in 1648, leaving, by Gertrude, his wife, daughter and co-heir
of Henry Talbot, third son of George, sixth Earl of Shrewsbury,
with other children, Henry and William, of whom the first was
created Marquess of Dorchester, 1644, and died 1680, having been
twice married, but leaving no male issue. His brother, William,
who was of Orton, Hants, and Thoresby, Co. Notts, pre-deceased
him, leaving, by Elizabeth, his wife, daughter and co-heir of Sir
Thomas Harris, of Tong Castle, Co. Salop., Bart., with other
children (of whom Gervase, the second son, created Baron Pierrepont
of Ardglass, in the peerage of Ireland, 1703, and Baron Pierrepont
of Hanslope, Co. Bucks, in the peerage of England, 1714, died s.p.
in the latter year), Robert Pierrepont, his son and heir, born 1634,
married, as already mentioned, Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Sir
John Evelyn, died vitd patris, 1669, and was buried here, where is
a stately monument, hereafter described, erected by his widow. Of
their five children three were sons, of whom Robert and William,
successively third and fourth Earls of Kingston, died without issue,
Evelyn Pierrepont, the third son, succeeding to that title, as fifth
Earl, in 1690, was created Marquess of Dorchester, 1706, Duke of
Kingston, 1715, was Lord Privy Seal, President of the Council, one
of the Lords Justices, K.G., Custos Rotulorum of Co. Wilts, and
died 1726. This nobleman, inheriting his maternal grandfather’s
estates, resided occasionally at his mansion here, where his daughter,
Lady Mary, enjoyed the advantage of the tuition of Gilbert Burnet,
Bishop of Salisbury, and whence she eloped, in 1712, with Edward
Wortley Montagu, Esq. The Duke was twice married, first to
Lady Mary Fielding, daughter of William, third Earl of Denbigh,
and secondly to Lady Isabella Bentinck, daughter of William, first
Earl of Portland. By his first marriage he had issue one son,
William Pierrepont, born 1692, died vitd patris, 1712; and three
daughters, Mary, wife of Edward Wortley Montagu, Esq., Frances,
of John, eleventh Earl of Mar, and Evelyn, of John, first Earl
Gower; and by his second, two daughters, Caroline, wife of Thomas
Brand, Esq., and Ann, who died unmarried. The only son married
Rachel, daughter of Thomas Baynton, Esq., and left issue one son
and one daughter, of whom the former, Evelyn Pierrepont, succeeding

By the Bev. G. 8. Master. 268

his grandfather as Duke of Kingston, 1726, was K.G., Lord of the
Bedchamber, Lieut.-General in the army, and Custos Rotulorum of
the county of Notts, and dying 1773, s.p., was buried at Holme-
Pierrepont, when the male line of the family beeame extinct. By
his will he bequeathed his large landed estates for life, and all his
personalty absolutely, to his duchess, an epitome of whose remarkable
history, (already noticed im this journal’) is appended. His only
sister, Frances, married Philip, son of Sir Philip Medows, Knight,
Marshal of the King’s palace, whose second son, Charles Medows,
succeeding to the estates, and assuming the surname and arms of
Pierrepont, was created Baron Pierrepont and Viscount Newark in
1796, and Earl Manvers in 1806, and was grandfather of the
present and third Earl.

Elizabeth, Duchess of Kingston, the daughter of Colonel Thomas
Chudleigh, brother of Sir George Chudleigh, of Ashton, Co.
Devon, Bart., was born in 1720, and appointed Maid of Honour
to the Princess of Wales, 1738. Betrothed to James, 6th Duke of
Hamilton, she nevertheless contracted a secret marriage in 1744
with Capt. the Hon. Augustus John Hervey, R.N., who succeeded
his brother a year afterwards as third Earl of Bristol. Separated
immediately from her husband, and retaining her maiden name and
place at court, she was for some years the leader of fashion, until,
upon the Duke of Kingston’s offer of marriage, a suit was covertly
instituted in the Kcelesiastical Court, and a decree obtained pro-
nouncing her previous union null and void. Under the protection
of this instrument she married the Duke in 1769,and was undisturbed
during his lifetime in her title and position, but after his death Mr.
Evelyn Medows, the elder son of his sister Frances, finding himself
excluded from the reversion of his unele’s property, preferred a bill
of indictment against the Duchess for bigamy. The trial took place
in Westminster Hall, in 1776, before the Queen, the Prince of
Wales, and others of the Royal Family, the Peers, and an audience
of five thousand persons, and terminated in a verdict of guilty ;
upon which Her Grace pleading privilege of peerage, was discharged,

1 See this journal, vol. i., p. 274; vol. v., pp, 46, 340, 366.

264 Collections for a History of West Dean.

retaining her large revenues, of which subsequent proceedings at
law failed to dispossess her. She afterwards resided in Russia and
in France, and died in Paris in 1788, when the landed estates of
the Duke of Kingston passed, under his will, to Charles Medows,
the second of his nephews, as already described.

The manors of Dean and East Grimstead had been previously
sold to Sir Arthur Cole, afterwards Baron Ranelagh. The family
of Cole, originally of Devon and Cornwall, migrated to Ireland
early in the reign of James I., where Sir William Cole was first
Provost of Enniskillen, 1612, and was living 1630. By Susan, his
wife, daughter and heir of John Croft, of Co. Lancaster, and relict
of Stephen Segar, Lieutenant of the Castle of Dublin, he left, with
two daughters, two sons, Michael and John. The elder, born 1616,
died vitd patris, leaving, by Catharine, his wife, daughter of Sir
Lawrence Parsons, of Birr, one son, Sir Michael Cole, who died
1710, of whom presently. The second son, John Cole, of Newland,
Co. Dublin, was created a baronet 1660, and died 1691, leaving, by
Elizabeth, his wife, daughter of John Chichester, of Dungannon,
Esq., with several other children, Sir Arthur Cole, created Baron
Ranelagh 1713. He purchased these manors from the trustees of
¢he last Duke of Kingston, and dying s.p. 1754, xt. 90, was buried
at West Dean. He had been twice married, first to Catharine,
daughter of William, third Baron Byron, buried here 1746, and
secondly, in 1748, to Selina, daughter of Peter Bathurst, of Claren-
don Park, Wilts, Esq. She enjoyed these estates for life, with her
second husband, whom she married here in 1755, Sir John Elwill,
of Co. Devon, Bart., and was buried here in 1781 ; when the manors
seem to have been divided, that of West Dean passing by settlement
to the descendants of Mary Cole, one of Lord Ranelagh’s sisters,
who married Henry Moore, third Earl of Drogheda; and that of
East Grimstead to the issue of Elizabeth Cole, another sister, who
married, 1671-2, her cousin, Sir Michael Cole, above-mentioned (his
second wife). Their eldest son, John Cole, of Enniskillen, Esq.,
died 1726, having been twice married, and leaving by his first wife,
Florence, daughter of Sir Bourchier Wray, of Trebitch, Co. Corn-
wall, Bart., with other children, John Cole, born 1709, married

By the Rev. G. 8. Master. 265

1728, created, 1760, Baron Mountflorence, of the county of Fer-
managh, died 1767. By Elizabeth, his wife, daughter of Hugh
Willoughby Montgomery, of Co. Monaghan, Esq, he had, with
other children, William Willoughby Cole, born 1736, married 1763,
created Viscount and Earl of Enniskillen, 1776 and 1789, died 1503,
leaving, by Anne, his wife, daughter of Galbraith Lowry Corry, of
Co. Tyrone, Esq., with other children, John Willoughby Cole,
second Earl, born 1768, Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of
the county of Fermanagh, K.P., created Baron Grimstead of East
Grimstead, in the peerage of England, 1815, died 1840. By
Charlotte, his wife, daughter of Henry, first Earl of Uxbridge, he
had, with other children, William Willoughby Cole, third Earl of
Enniskillen and second Baron Grimstead, born 1807, married, 1844,
Jane, daughter of James Archibald Casamaijor, Esq., by whom he
has issue, with other children, Lowry Egerton, Viscount Cole, born
1845, married, 1869, Charlotte Marion, daughter of Douglas Baird,
of Closeburn, Esq. The Earl married, secondly, in 1865, Mary
Emma, daughter and co-heir of Charles, sixth Viscount Midleton,
and is the present lord of the manor of Hast Grimstead.t

That of West Dean devolving, as above-mentioned, was held in
1782 by the Hon. Henry Moore, who redeemed the land tax upon
it in 1798; and by the Marquis of Drogheda in 1817.2 In 1820 it
had passed by purchase to Charles Baring Wall, Esq., whose father,
Charles Wall, Esq., had previously become possessed of the adjoining
estate of Norman Court, in Hants, which he bought from the
Thistlethwayte family. Mr. Wall the elder was born in 1756, and
died in 1815, having married, in 1790, Harriet, eldest daughter of
Sir Francis Baring, of Stratton, Hants, first Baronet, and by her,
who died in 1888, had issue one son, Charles Baring Wall, Esq..,.

1 Arms of Enniskillen, ‘‘ Argent a bull passant sable armed and unguled or,
within a bordure of the second charged with eight bezants: on a canton sinister
per pale gules and azure a harp or stringed of the field.” Crest, ‘‘ A demi-dragon
vert langued gules holding in the dexter claw a dart or headed and feathered
argent and in the sinister an escutcheon or. Supporters, “ Two dragons ee
vert each holding a dart or.” Motto, ‘‘ Deum cole, regem serva,’

2 Arms of Moore, Marquess of Drogheda, “ Azure on a chief indented or thisé
mullets pierced gules.”

266 Collections for a History of West Dean.

M.P. for Salisbury, born 1795, died unmarried, 1853, lord of this
manor, which he bequeathed, with his other estates, to his mother’s
nephew, Thomas Baring, Esq., second son of Sir Thomas Baring,
second Baronet, her eldest brother. Thomas Baring, Esq., M.P. for
Huntingdon, and head of the great mercantile house of Baring
Brothers, was born in 1800, and died unmarried in 1878, a chancel
being added, in his memory, to the Church of West Tytherley, the
parish in which Norman Court, the family seat, is situate. He de-
vised his estates, to which he and Mr. Baring-Wall had both made
additions by purchase, to his cousin, William Henry Baring, Esq.,
their present owner, eldest son of William Baring, Esq., M.P.,
fourth son of Sir Francis Baring, first Baronet.

The family of Baring: derives its origin from Petrus Baring, or
Beyring, a citizen of Groningen, who removed to Germany in 1550
and died at Hamburgh in 1558. His direct male descendants were
doctors of theolegy and pastors at Bremen for three generations,
after which John Baring (born 1697, died 1748), came over to
England, and settled at Exeter. By Elizabeth, his wife, daughter
of John Vowler, of Bellair, he had a numerous family, his third
son, Francis (created a Baronet 1793), founding the famous financial
house of Baring, in London. Sir Francis Baring (born 1740, died
1810) married, in 1766, Harriet, daughter of William Herring, of
Croydon, Esq., cousin and co-heir of Thomas Herring, Archbishop
of Canterbury, and had issue five sons and five daughters. His
eldest son, Sir Thomas Baring (born 1772, died 1848), married,
1794, Mary Ursula, daughter of Charles Sealey, of Calcutta, Esq.,
by whom he had four sons and three daughters. His eldest son,
created Baron Northbrook, 1866, was the father of the present Earl ;
his second son, Thomas Baring, Esq., was of Norman Court, and
lord of this manor; his third son, John Baring, was of Oakwood,
Co. Sussex, Esq.; his fourth son, Charles, Bishop of Gloucester and
Bristol, 1856, of Durham, 1861. Alexander Baring, second son of

1 Arms of Baring, ‘‘ Azure a fesse or, in chief a bear’s head ppr. muzzled and
ringed or.” Crest, “A mullet erminois between two wings argent.” Burke’s
‘* Peerage,” Northbrook and Ashburton, Berry’s ‘‘ County Genealogies,” Hants,
pp: 345, 348,

By the Rev. G. 8. Master. 267

Sir Francis, first Baronet, was created Baron Ashburton in 1835,
and was grandfather of the present peer. The third son, Henry
Baring, Esq., was M.P. for Colchester, and left a large family. The
fourth son, William Baring, Esq. (born 1779, died 1820), married,
in 1810, Frances, daughter of J. Paulett Thompson, of Waverley
Abbey, Esq., and by her (who re-married Arthur Eden, Esq.) had
issue, with three daughters, one son, William Henry Baring, of Nor-
man Court, Esq., the present lord of the manor of West Dean, born
1819, Capt. Coldstream Guards, married, 1849, Elizabeth, daughter
of Charles Hammersley, Esq., by whom he has issue two sons and
two daughters. His eldest son, Francis Charles Baring, Esq.,
married, 1880, Isabella Augusta, daughter of Samuel Leo Schuster,
Esq., by the Lady Isabella, daughter of Thomas, Earl of Orkney,
and has, with other issue, a son, Thomas Esmé, born May 7th, 1882.

Besides those already mentioned the following occur as interested

in portions of the manors, lands, or tenements of these parishes :—
Temp. Edw. II. Eudo de Grymestede half a knight’s fee, held of
John de Monmouth, at Dune.’
John, son of William de Grymestede, half a knight’s fee,
held of William de St. Martin, at Grymestede.’
1315-16. Stephen le Freer, Westdene Manor.?
1318-19. Richard Sture, half of the manor of Duene, and land there.?
1323-4. Robert Burbache, Grymstede, Chantry at West Duene.?
1346-7, Adam de Grymstede, lands at Est-Grymstede.°
1348-9. Alianora, wife of Adam de Grymstede, lands at Est
Grymstede.*
1349-50. Sybilla, wife of John Stures, Est Grymstede, 8s. 14d.’

» » John, son of John Freer, had the King’s license to
alienate a messuage, twenty-three acres of arable, and three
of meadow, at West Deone, to Richard de Luteshull, Clerk,
and Richard de Colevill.*

1 Testa de Nevil,” p. 142.
2 Tng. ad quod damnum.”
3 «© Tng. post mortem.”

4 Rot Orig.”

268 Collections for a History of West Dean.

1350-1. Alicia, wife of William de Welles, Tottesmull in West
Deone, and thirty acres of land, &e.1

1352-3, William de Edyngdon, Bishop of Wynton, sues John, son
of Thomas de Welles for tenement in Westdene, and Peter
le Barbour of Romsey, and Isabella, for the like.?

1362-3. John de Grymstede, land at Est Grymstede.!

1370-1. Reginald Perot, land and tenement at Est Grymstede.’

1383-4. Walter Perlee and others, holding under Lawrence de St.
Martin half the manor and the Church of West Dene.’

1386-7. Johana, wife of John Wyke, Tottesplace, a messuage at
Est Deone, one hundred aeres of arable, ten of meadow, paid
33s. 4d. At West Deone nineteen acres of arable, one of
meadow.!}

1397-8. John Bettesthorne, West Deone manor. At Est Grym-
stede one messuage, one carucate of arable, and one hundred
acres of wood.’

1400-1. Robert Tank or Tauk, Est Dene manor. At West Dene
one messuage, eighteen acres of arable, two of meadow.’

1401-2. Henry Popham sues John, parson of Esthrop, and John
Mordenne, chaplain, for the manors of West Dene and Est
Grymstede, except thirty-three acres, &c., and the advowson
of Westdene.?

1405-6. John de Berkeley and Elizabeth, his wife, messuage and
tenement at Est Grymstede.’

1427-8. John Berkley, chev’, messuage and land at Est Grym-
stede.’

1455-6, Sir Miles de Stapulton and Katharine, his wife, sue
Richard Fryston and J. Astak, for the manors of Dene and
Grymstede and the advowson of the Church.?

1477-8. Thomas Horsey, land at Deane.

1518-14. Sir Robert Throckmorton sues William Compton and

: Warburga, his wife, for the manor of Est Grymstede, &c.?

1518. The Abbey of Glastonbury held a small property at East

1 Tngq. post mortem.”
2 « Pedes finium.”’.

By the Rev. G. 8. Master. 269

Grimstead. “Thomas Byndoure, a serf of the lord by birth
—‘nativus domini’—holds the moiety of nine acres of arable
and half an acre of meadow and one close in Estgremstede,
arising by escheat by reason of his birth, as in right of
Agnes, his mother, one of the daughters and heirs of Thomas
Dodde, of Esteremestede, at the rent of 8d., and not more
during his life.” }

1584. Henry Gyfford, Esq., had land in East Dean, West Dean,
and Grymstead, late the property of William Huland.?

1607-8. Edward Dennys was a freeholder at Dean.®

1733. Thomas Cromp, Esq., sues Peniston Lamb, Esq., for
manorial rights in East Dean, West Dean, Dean All Saints,
&c.*

1740. The Duke of Queensborough owns Bentley Wood, Rams-
hill, and part of Dean Wood. Mr. Whithed and Mr.

: Thistlethwayte hold property here.®

1782. The Earl of Clarendon owns Howe and Dean Farms.®

A short pedigree of a family named Ashley is given in the “ Wilts

Visitation,” and in Hoare’s “ Wilts,” under the heading of West

Dean, but I am inclined to transfer it to East Dean, at which place,

and at East Tytherley, are numerous entries of the name (which is

not found at West Dean) in the parochial registers,

Manor Hovsse.

The manor house 7 of West Dean, which, from its archititectural
style, I conjecture to have been erected—on the site, perhaps, of an
older mansion—by the first Evelyn proprietor of the estate, temp.

“1 errier of Abbot Beere. Hoare’s ‘* Wilts,” Hundred of Alderbury, p. 68.
2 Ch. Pro.,” G.G. ii., 26 Eliz., Publ. Rec. Office.
3“ Wilts Freeholders, 1607-8.” See vol. xix. of this journal, p. 254.
4“ Recovery Roll, 388,” A.D. 1733, 7 George II.
5 “ Land Tax Assessments.” . Purchased in 1827 by C. Baring Wall, Esq., M.P.
6 “T,and Tax Assessments.” Purchased about 1865 by Thomas Baring, Esq.,
M.P.
7 Engraved in Hoare’s ‘‘ Modern Wilts,’ Hundred of Alderbury, p. 24, and
in the “ Gentleman’s Magazine” for 1826, p. 297.

270 Collections for a History of West Dean.

James I., was a large square structure of the character of that
period, considerably altered at a later date. Closely adjoining the
parish Church it stood in a grove of elm trees, at the top ofa
succession of terraces and formal gardens facing west,in which
direction lay the park, well timbered and adorned with canals in the
Dutch manner, fed from a large fishpond, which, with its over-
hanging bank of yews, formed a prominent feature of the ornamental
grounds. The ancient circular entrenchment, already noticed,
formed a convenient bowling-green. Extensive barns and out-
buildings adjoined the house on the south. After remaining
uninhabited for many years, it was last occupied by a religious
sisterhood—three members of which lie buried in the churchyard
hard by—and was subsequently pulled down, its materials sold, and
its offices and outbuildings converted into a farmhouse and homestead
by Charles Baring Wall, Esq., in 1819.

The cottages in the village bear no particular marks of antiquity ;
but over the door of one of them is the date 1685, with the
initials 6 “x.

The only freehold property at West Dean (the rector’s glebe
excepted) which does not belong to the lord of the manor is that
upon which a windmill, malthouse, and dwelling-house now stand,
adjoining the railway station. It was purchased in 1783 from Au-
gustine Cooper, and is now the property of Mr. George Beauchamp.

At East Grimstead William Henry Baring, Richard Bingham,
and George Brown, Esquires, are landowners, and there are some
smaller proprietors, sharing the soil with the lord of the manor, the
Earl of Enniskillen, who derives from hence his English Barony of
Grimstead.

The little stream which flows through both hamlets and becomes
afterwards a tributary of the Test, rising in Clarendon Park, is
interrupted in its course before reaching West Dean, and sinking
into the ground is lost sight of for some distance, re-appearing,
however, from beneath the western bank of the fishpond already
mentioned, which it supplies with water, and then continues its
course without further interruption. It is occasionally—but very
rarely—dry in summer.

oer —

By the Rev. G. 8. Master. 271

An old cottage, built upon the waste ground near East Grimstead
Chapel, and replaced only this year by a new one, has been held to
the present time by what is called “key tenure.”

Eccikstasticat. History.

West Dean, with its appendant chapelry of East Grimstead, is a
rectory in the Deanery of Amesbury and Archdeaconry of Sarum ;
and from the period of the Conquest, when the two adjacent manors
were possessions of the same lord, has been a consolidated benefice.
At West Dean, however, there were formerly two distinct parishes,
each with its Church and rector—whereof one, lying in Hants,
owed allegiance to the Bishop of Winchester; the other, in Wilts,
to the Bishop of Salisbury. In 1478, for good and sufficient reasons,
hereafter set forth at length, the two were united. The following
document referring to this arrangement, and preserved in the
diocesan registry at Salisbury, is here translated. There is no
record of the union in the episcopal registers at Winchester, which
are imperfect at that date. It cannot be said that legal verbiage
was much less diffuse in the fifteenth century than it is at present.)

“To the reverend father in Christ and lord the lord William, by the grace of
God Bishop of Winchester, Richard, by the same permission Bishop of Salisbury,
salutation and continual increase of brotherly affection. We have received the
letters of your commission, presented to us by the worshipful man, Master John
Emwell, rector of the parish Church of the Blessed Mary, of West Dene, in our
diocese, the purport of which is as follows. To the reverend father in Christ,
and lord the lord Richard, by the grace of God Bishop of Salisbury, William, by
the same permission Bishop of Winchester, salutation and continual increase of
brotherly affection. For acknowledgment, perception, and appointment in the
cause or business of the union, annexation, and incorporation of the parish
Church of All Saints, of West Dene, in our diocese of Winchester, and the parish
Church of the Blessed Mary, of West Dene, in your diocese aforesaid, and for

examination and settlement according to canon of the same cause or business

with all and singular its issues, of whatever kind, arising, depending, and belonging,
and for the union, annexation, and incorporation of the same Church of All Saints
to the said Church of the Blessed Mary ; after assembling those who, resorting
together in this part, ought rightly to be assembled, and with the unanimous
consent of all whom it concerns, so that nothing be lacking of canonical statutes,
saving always in all things our episcopal rights and those of our Cathedral Church
of Winchester: also for the perpetual possession of the same Church of All

“Bishop Beauchamp’s Register,” vol. ii., £.5, in the middle of the book.
VOL.—XXII.—NO. LXVI. U

272 Collections for a History of West Dean.

Saints with all its members and appurtenances by the present rector of the said
parish Church of the Blessed Mary and his successors, future rectors of the same
Church, for their own proper uses, under the title of rectors of the said parish
Church of the Blessed Mary, of West Dene, to be granted by our office and
authority, and for the making, appointing, publishing, and perpetually defending
the orders and statutes in the premisses, and concerning these obligations and our
demands: also for the faithful payment in perpetuity by the rector for the
time being of the said Church of the Blessed Mary to us and our successors,
Bishops of Winchester, in our palace of Wolnesey, every year at the feast of
Easter, by way of our indemnity, and in recompense of the emoluments which
we and our successors at the time of avoidance of the aforesaid Church of All
Saints, during vacancy, have had, and ought to have, of an annual pension or
tax of 20d. of the fruits of the said Church of All Saints: and for the faithful
payment, appropriation, and assignment, every year at the feast of Haster, for
ever, by the rector for the time being of the aforesaid Church of the Blessed
Mary to our present Archdeacon of Winchester and his successors, by way of
their indemnity, and in recompense of the emoluments which they have had, and
ought to have, from the said Church of All Saints, 8d. every year at the feast
of Easter for ever, to be so paid in perpetuity, subject to ecclesiastical censures
and other penalties of the Church, to be decreed, appointed and ordered, even by
sequestration of fruits: and for doing, receiving, and despatching all and
singular other things which in and about the premisses shall be necessary or
in any way desirable: to your reverend authority we commit the aforesaid
instruction, carefully considering our plans, so that accepting the charge of our
said commission to you and the business being by you expedited, you may be
willing to certify us of everything which we have done in the premisses; having
this original document signed and sealed. In testimony of which thing our seal

is appended. Given in our mansion of Waltham, in our said diocese, the twelfth _

day of the month of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand four hundred
and seventy-three, and of our consecration the twenty-seventh.

“Hearing which authoritative statements in the matter of the union proposed
to be effected, We, Richard, Bishop, having summoned the parties entitled to be
summoned, in the year, month, day, and place underwritten, have made diligent
inquiry, by which we have.found and ascertained that the fruits, dues, tenths. obla-
tions, profits, and all other emoluments of the aforesaid Church of All Saints of
West-dene, in your diocese [ which, on account of its poverty, is still vacant], as well
from the scantiness of the parishioners of the said Church, as from the sterility
of the soil, the deficiency of tillage, and many other accidental reasons, have so
decreased and are diminished, that they are at this time and will in future be
barely sufficient for the proper maintenance of one chaplain, with the cure of souls
of the parishioners of this Church, as rector of the same: on the plea of which
poverty, insufficiency, and scarcity, the cure of souls of the parishioners of the
said parish Church of All Saints is little cared for in daily ministrations, nor are
the sacraments and such-like offices duly administered to them: and that the
parish Church of the Blessed Mary of Westdene in our diocese aforesaid can
conveniently be united and annexed to the parish Church of All Saints : Therefore
We, Richard, Bishop aforesaid, your commissary in this matter, for the causes,
premisses, and other reasons in this wise moving us, with the consent and assent

> eee

By the Rev. G. 8. Master. 2738

of all persons concerned, whom we summoned to sanction our decree in the said
business of the union, have proceeded in this manner. In the Name of God Amen.
We, Richard, by Divine permission Bishop of Sarum, commissary in this behalf
duly and authoritatively deputed, of the Reverend father in Christ, and lord, the
lord William, by the grace of God Bishop of Wynton, having fully heard, under-
stood, and discussed all and singular the merits and circumstances of the business
of the annexation and consolidation of the parish Church of All Saints, of West-
dene, in the diocese of Wynton, with the parish Church of the Blessed Mary
aforesaid, in our diocese of Sarum, and being certified in manner following of
the consent of the Prior and Chapter of the Cathedral Church of Wynton, and of
Sir William Calthorp, and Elizabeth his wife, Christopher Harcourt, Esquire,
and Joan his wife, John Barantyn, Esquire, and Elizabeth his wife, the patrons
of the said parish Churches of the Blessed Mary and All Saints; and also of the
consent and assent of Master Vincent Clement, Archdeacon of Wynton, and also of
the express and unanimous consent of John Whitehede Esquire, Robert Andrew,
senior, Peter Lashall, Andrew Bochour, John Calsher, Stephen Bedeforde, and
John Matthew junior, the assembled majority, twice told, of the parishioners
of the said parish Church, and of all others concerned in the matter of the union
of the aforesaid Church of All Saints, with its customs and appurtenances, to the
aforesaid Church of the Blessed Mary ; for the true reasons, and the letters thereto
admonishing us, by the authority and power in this matter committed to us, do
annex and unite it: saving in all things our rights and customs and those of
our Cathedral Church of Sarum, as also the rights and customs of the said
. reverend father, the Bishop of Wynton, and of his Cathedral Church of Wynton.
Moreover, we declare and decree that the said former Church of All Saints, now
: as aforesaid united, shall be for ever styled and considered no longer a Church,
'
;

:

but a Chapel dependent on the said parish Church of the Blessed Mary, to which
it shall be deemed annexed and united, and shall be so called for ever: and
further that all and singular who were formerly parishioners of the parish of the
said former parish Church but now Chapel of All Saints, before the union, for
7 the future be and be styled parishioners of the Church of the Blessed Mary ; and
__ that all parochial offices, as far as concerns them, be due to them in the said parish
Church of the Blessed Mary, and from the curate of it for the time being: and
that they receive from him or his deputy the sacraments and ecclesiastical sacra-
mentals, and whatever parochial ministrations belong to him; moreover, that
they faithfully pay, or cause to be paid, tithes and all other parochial dues, to
the Rector for the time being of the parish Church of the Blessed Mary, of West-
dene aforesaid. Moreover, we appoint and ordain that for the indemnity of the
said reverend father and lord the Bishop of Wynton, and his successors, and of
the Cathedral Church of Wynton, and the Archdeacon of Wynton for the time
being, on occasion and by reason of dues which, on vacancy of the said former
Church, now Chapel, of All Saints, and otherwise by way of institution or in-
duction, ought and were wont to accrue to the Bishop and Cathedral Church
of Wynton and the Archdeacon thereof for the time being ; the rector of the
Church of the Blessed Mary, and his successors, hereafter rectors thereof, shall
every year in time to come cause to be paid to the said reverend father, the Bishop
of Wynton, and his successors, Bishops of Wynton, in his palace of Wolnesey,
at the feast of Easter, 20d., and 8d. to the Prior and Convent of the Cathedral

U 2

274 Collections for a History of West Dean.

of Wynton, and 8d. to the Archdeacon of the place for the time being, at the
same feast: Moreover, we decree and ordain that the now rector of the said
Church of the Blessed Mary, and his successors, rectors thereof, shall in time to
come celebrate, or cause to be celebrated, mass in the chancel of the said Chapel
of All Saints once a week throughout the year: and the rector of the said Church
of the Blessed Mary for the time being shall repair, or cause to be repaired, and
if necessary rebuild, at his own cost, the chancel of the said Church of All Saints,
of Westdene: Moreover, he shall discharge and sustain the synodals and other
customs, both episcopal and archiepiscopal, ordinary and extra-ordinary, which
were belonging to the said former Church of All Saints, prior to the said union.
For the perpetual faithful discharge of which payments, and for acknowledgment
of and submission to all and singular the aforesaid burdens, we will and decree
that Master John Emwell, now rector of the said Church of the Blessed Mary,
and his successors, rectors of the same Church for the time being, shall be bound
by sequestration of the fruits, rents, and profits of the said Church of the Blessed
Mary, of Westdene, in our diocese, and of the said Church, now Chapel, of All
Saints, of Westdene, in the diocese of Wynton. All which and singular we will,
appoint, ordain, pronounce, decree, and declare to be so.done and completed by
this our ordinance or decree, which we confirm and promulgate in these writings.

“The tenor, however, of the consent of the said patrons is as follows :—‘ To
all the faithful of Christ to whom this present indenture quadripartite shall
come: William Calthorp, Knight, and Elizabeth his wife, Christopher Harcourt
Esquire, and Joane his wife, John Barantyn Esquire, and Elizabeth his wife,
-greeting in the Lord. Whereas lately Milo de Stapylton, Knight, was seised in
fee of the advowson of the parish Church of the Blessed Mary, of Westdene, in

the diocese of Sarum, and died so seised of it, by whose decease the right of the -

advowson aforesaid ought to descend, and does descend, to the aforesaid Elizabeth,
wife of the aforesaid William Calthorp, and to the aforesaid Joane, wife of the
said Christopher, as daughters and heirs of the aforesaid Milo, and the aforesaid
William and Elizabeth, Christopher and Joan, as in right of the same Ekzabeth
and Joane, now stand seised of the advowson aforesaid; and John Endwell,
clerk, now rector of the same Church, was admitted at the presentation of the
aforesaid Milo, and instituted to the same and inducted: And moreover, whereas
Stephen Popham, Knight, was lately seised in fee of the advowson of the parish
Church of All Saints, of West-dene, aforesaid, in the diocese of Wynton, and
deceased so seised of it, after whose decease the right of the same advowson
ought to descend, and does descend, to the aforesaid Elizabeth, wife of the same
John Barantyn, and the other sisters of the same Elizabeth, as daughters and
heirs of the aforesaid Stephen ; after the death of which Stephen a division was
made between her and her sisters aforesaid, of all manors, lands, tenements, and
advowsons, with their appurtenances, which belonged to the same Stephen, by
which division the aforesaid adyowson of the Church of All Saints, amongst other
manors, lands, and tenements, was assigned to the share of the same Elizabeth,
for which reason the same John and Elizabeth, as in right of the same Elizabeth,
now stand seised in fee of the same advowson ; and the same Church stands now
vacant, inasmuch as the tythes, oblations, and other emoluments of the same
Church in consequence of the paucity of parishioners, the scarcity of husbandmer,
and various other extraordinary causes, have so diminished, that no rector can

i

i.

By the kev. G. 8. Master. 275

live honestly, maintain hospitality, and support the other burdens incumbent
upon him, out of the same tythes and foregoings: Therefore, the afore-named
William Calthorp and Elizabeth his wife, Christopher and Joane his wife, have
for themselves and their heirs consented, and do themselves by these presents
assent and consent to the effecting of the union, consolidation, and annexation
of the Churches aforesaid, and that under the authority of the reverend fathers
in Christ and our lords, William, by the grace of God, Bishop of Wynton, and
Richard, by the same grace, Bishop of Sarum, dioceses adjoining, they be
canonically united and consolidated. And as to the presentation to be made to
the aforesaid Church of the Blessed Mary, after the union, consolidation, and
annexation aforesaid of the Church of All Saints to the aforesaid Church of the
Blessed Mary shall be made, it is agreed between the aforesaid William Calthorp
and Elizabeth his wife, and Christopher and Joan his wife, and also the afore-
said John Barantyn and Elizabeth his wife, in manner following, viz., that
whenever, by the resignation, cession, or death of the aforesaid John Emwell, or
in any other wise whatever, it shall happen that the said Church of the Blessed
Mary shall first be vacant, then the aforesaid William and Elizabeth shall freely
present their clerk to the same Church, without the gainsaying or impediment of
the aforesaid Christopher and Joane, and the heirs of the same J oane, or of the
said John Barantyn and Elizabeth, or the heirs of the same Elizabeth: And
whenever it shall happen that the aforesaid Church of the Blessed Mary be vacant
for the second time, then the said Christopher and Joane, and the heirs of the
same Joan shall freely present their clerk to the same Church without the gain-
saying or impediment of the aforesaid William and Elizabeth, and the heirs of
the same Elizabeth, or of the aforesaid John Barantyn and Elizabeth, and the
heirs of the same Elizabeth: And whenever it shall happen that the aforesaid
Church of the Blessed Mary be vacant for the third time, then the aforesaid John
Barantyn and Elizabeth, and the heirs of the same Elizabeth his wite, shall
freely present their clerk to the same Church, without the gainsaying or impedi-
ment of the aforesaid William and Elizabeth his wife, and the heirs of the same
Elizabeth, or of the aforesaid Christopher and Joane, and the heirs of the afore-
said Joane: And so in time future, for ever, in their turns, viz., in the first
vacancy of the Church aforesaid William Calthorp and Elizabeth his wife, or
the heirs of the same Elizabeth ; And in the second vacancy of the Church afore-
said the aforesaid Christopher and Joane, and the heirs of the same J oane; And
in the third vacancy the aforesaid John Barantyn and Elizabeth, and the heirs
of the same Elizabeth, shall present their clerk to the same Church, without
anyone's gainsaying or impediment. In testimony of which the aforesaid
William Calthorp and Elizabeth his wife, the aforesaid Christopher and Joane
his wife, and also the aforesaid John Barantyn, and Elizabeth his wife, have
set their seals to each part of this quadripartite indenture. Given on the fifth
day of the month of November, in the thirteenth year of King Edward the
fourth after the Conquest of England.’

_“ All which and singular, reverend father, we assure you by these presents,
and certify you of the same. In testimony and faith of which all and singular
we have directed the aforesaid letters to be published and reduced to public form
by Master Henry Parys, notary public underwritten, our scribe appointed for this
purpose, and to be sealed with his seal, and fortified by the appendage of our seal.

276 Collections for a History of West Dean.

“These presents, above written and recited, are given and done in the said
Chapel of All Saints, in the diocese of Wynton, on the third day of the month of
July, in the year of Our Lord, according to the course and computation of the
Church of England one thousand four hundred and seventy-four, of our induction
the seventh, of the pontificate of the most holy Father in Christ and our lord,
the lord Sixtus the fourth, by divine providence, Pope, the third.

‘In the presence of the worshipful Master John Sogett, Doctor of Decrees,
Thomas Beauchamp and John Wroughton senior, Esquires, and John Bullock
senior, and Thomas Langford, of the dioceses of Wells, Sarum, and Worcester,
witnesses specially summoned and requested for this purpose.”

It is evident from this document that the destruction of the
Church of All Saints was not a part of the arrangement: on the
contrary, special provision was made therein for the repair, and even
re-building of its chancel. At what subsequent period the demolition
took effect there is nothing to show. But the very site had been
forgotten, until the accidental discovery, in March, 1870, of a stone
coffin (removed for safe custody to the mortuary chapel), in a field
still called “ All Hallon,” lying west of the village, and traversed
by the footpath thence to Whiteparish, led to further excavations,
which revealed the existence of numerous interments and the foun-
dations of the eastern end of the chancel. Its position—west of
the village, and yet undoubtedly in Hants—proves that the boundary
running north and south between that county and Wilts here de-
scribed a curve, so as to include within the former the bulk of the
population. ‘

The provision for alternative rights of presentation was never
carried out, being rendered unnecessary by the fusion of the families
of the patrons, as already described under the history of the manor,
in that of Harcourt, by the representative of which subsequent
appointments to the united benefices were made.

Earlier notices of this Church occur :—in Bishop Pontisson’s list
of Churches and Chapels in the diocese of Winton, drawn up circa
1284, “ Decanatus Somborne—ecclesia de Westdene”; in another
list of Churches taxed and non-taxed in the diocese of Winton,
inserted in Bishop Beaufort’s Register, “ Decanatus de Somborne—
ecclesia de Westdene non taxatur’’; and in a list of the benefices
in the diocese of Winton whose annual value “ modernis temporibus ””

By the Rev. G. S. Master. 277

did not exceed twelve marks, certified by Bishop Courtney, “ De
canatus de Somborne—ecclesia de Westdene alias Weston.”

The only mention of its union with the Church of S. Mary to
be found at Winchester consists of two or three lines scribbled on
the back of a leaf in one of the registers of the Cathedral Priory,
and the handwriting is about 1470—the date of the previous year
occurring on the front of the folio, to a document there entered,
while the next folio is dated 1475. The entry is as follows :—

“Ita tamen quod Rector dicte parochie Beatz Marie de Westdene solvet
nobis et successoribus nostris ratione indempnitatis preedicte ecclesia Omnium
Sanctorum de Westdene annuatim in festa pasche viii‘, alioqui nec! alio modo
nostrum consensum sive assensum prebemus in hac parte.”

This is the indemnity payable to the Cathedral Chapter. In the
compotus of Dr. Edmund Steward, Vicar General of Bishop
Gardiner, of all pensions payable to the Bishop and received by him
from the feast of Christmas, 1536, to the same day, 1537, occurs,
inter alia, “ In Decanatus Somborne—De ecclesia de Deane Omnium
‘Sanctorum, xx‘ When the payment was discontinued I know
not. None has been made within human memory.

It may be convenient to append here a list of institutions to the
parish Church of West Dean All Saints, in the diocese of Winchester,
extracted from the episcopal registers at Winchester :—!

A.D. Patronus. Rector.

1321 | Sybilla vidua Laurenc’ de | Richard de Bourne, p.7. Johannis Bate-
Sco Martino man

1322 | Idem Sir Joh. de Bateman, p.r. Sir Richard
de Bourne

1341 | Laurence’ de Sco Martino, | Laurence’ Pipard, p.7. Johannis Bateman

miles

1349 | Idem William en le Hyle

1361-2 | Idem Joh: Wellys, de Lym

1378 | Idem Joh: Manshupe, de Stapleford, p.m. John
Lym

1382 | Idem Sir Thomas James

1382 | Idem Michael Aylemere

1402 ‘ Henricus Popham Sir John Hayne

{a Ee
1 For this list, and some foregoing items of information, I am indebted to the
courtesy of Mr. Francis Joseph Baigent, of Winchester.

278 Collections for a History of West Dean.

A.D. Patronus. Rector.

1405 | Idem Thomas Loke, p.m. Sir Joh: Hayne

1412* | Idem {Sir Robert Kene, permut: cum Thoma
Loke, pro rec: de Hanyngdon, in dioc:
Sarum

1452 | Joh: Popham, miles Sir William Banoise, p.7. Sir William
Amney

1454-5 | Idem Sir John Hodylston, p.m. Sir Will:

Bannoyce
1467 | Joh: Lisle, miles, ratione | fJoh: Emwell, B.D., p.r. Sir John
feoff: deStephen Popham,| Hudleston.
mil: de man: de West-
dene

At the taxation of Pope Nicholas, in 1291, the benefice of ‘West
Dean was rated at £10.

In 1340, 15 Edward III., the parishioners, John le Frere, Robert
Bozham, John Stour, and Stephen Henry returned the

£ if. aie

Nuimth of corn, wool, and lambs due to the king, at 613 4
The parson’s glebe of two virgates of arable land 010 0
Half-an-acre of meadow and tithe of hay 012 0
A rent charge 03.76
Small tithes, and oblations in his Church and Chapel 1 16 8
Other profits + ae fe
Total £13 7 8

In the Valor Ecclesiasticus of Henry VIII. (15388) Richard
Kirkeby, the Rector, affirmed the benefice to be of the annual value
of £20, out of which payments were made of 10s. 9d. to the Arch-
deacon of Sarum, 3s. 8d. to the Archdeacon of Winton, and ls. 8d.
to the Bishop of Winton, leaving its clear annual value, as rated in
the king’s book, £19 4s. 4d.

At the time of the Commonwealth (1654) it was worth £200.!

* No institutions are recorded between 1412 and 1447.

+ This institution was made by Robert Hallam, Bishop of Sarum, under faculty from the Bishop.
of Winton: and is entered in the registers of both dioceses.

He was the last rector of this Church, which, during his incumbency—1472—was united to that
of S, Mary, to the rectory of which he had been instituted in 1459.

1 See register of Church livings, vol. xix. of this journal, p. 202.

By the Rev. G. §. Master. 279

The tithes of West Dean were commuted in 1843 at £410, and
those of East Grimstead at £215; the Rector’s glebe [at the former
place one hundred and two acres, and at the latter twenty-eight
acres] has been reduced, in consequence of an exchange in 1882 with
William Henry Baring, of Norman Court, Esq., by four and a half
acres. The land tax on the rectorial property at both places,
assessed in 1740 at £24, was redeemed in 1798 at the same amount
by the Rev. Edward Dawkins.

There is no terrier at West Dean, but the following is preserved
in the diocesan registry at Salisbury :—

“A Terrier of the Parsonage of West Deane and East Grimsted in the County
of Wiltes, taken this fifth day of December in y® yeare of our lord 1677.

‘* Imprimis—the dwelling-house, barnes, stables, and other outhouses with the
backside, courts, garden, and orchard, conteyning by Estemation two acres.

““Ttem—two meadow grounds, whereof one is called Lussells, and the other
Culvercroft, conteyning both by estemation Eight acres aud a halfe.

“ Ttem—one Arable ground called Crookedclose by Estematon three acres.

*‘Ttem—one Pasture ground called Ashenclose by Estemation three acres.

**Ttem—one piece of ground called the seven = initia anak

_“ Item—one pasture ground called the five acres by Estemation

“Ttem—one Arrable ground called the six acres

“Ttem—one Arrable ground called Old Orchard by estemation five acres.

“Item —one Arrable ground called the Pitt Close by Estemation six acres.

“ Ttem—one pasture ground called Busshey lease by Estemation ten acres.

*‘ Item—one arrable ground called Cunnigere by Estemation six acres.

“ Ttem—arrable land called the Common, by Estemation twenty acres.

“Ttem—one copice called Sinke Copice with the hedgerows belonging to the
said Parsonage, conteyning by estemation Hight acres and a halfe.

* Ttem—one copice lying in East Grimsted called Lyvers Copice by estemation
ten acres.

“‘Item—one meadow ground there adjoyning called Livers by estemation six
acres and a halfe.

“Item—one Pasture ground there adjoyning called Lyvers by Estemation
three aeres.

“ Ttem—two cottages in West Deane with theire gardens.

“Ttem—all the Tythes in West Deane and East Grimsted being nothing in
y° pish Tythe-free.

‘* Given under the hands of
“Gas. THISTLETHWAYTE, Rector.
“Ep. Waterman & Ricu. Horroway,
Churchwardens.

The following list of patrons and incumbents of the Church of
St. Mary the Virgin, taken from Sir Thomas Phillips’ Wiltshire

280

Collections for a History of West Dean.

Institutions, corrected by the originals, is continued to the present

time :—
A.D. Patronus. Rector.
1299 | Joh’es de Ingham, miles | Rob’tus de Warren
1316 | Oliverus de Ingham, miles) Johannes de Hyldeslee *
1317 | Idem Radulphus fil’ Will'i de Ingham, vice
Johannis de Hyldeslye ultimi Rectoris
1329 | Idem Laurent de Houghston, dimiss’ Radulphi
de Ingham
1378 | Rex Ricardus W=" Newton permut cum Johanne
Malteby pro Aulton Dioc. Wynton
1392 { Milo de Stapulton, miles | Johes Newton permut cum Johanne
Malteby iy
1397 | Idem Will’s Brugge, vice Johis Newton
1400 | Idem Will’s Evenwode
1400 | Idem Joh’es Bromleye, p.7. Will’ Evenwode
1409 | Idem Ric’us Trumpton, vice Joh. Bromleye
1412 | Idem Joh’es Pedewell,t permut’ cum R. Taun-
ton (probably Trumpton) pro Vic’ de
Bulbrygge
1412 | Dec: ct Cap: Eccles: Col-| {Robertus Kene, permut cum Thoma
legiat: Ste Marie de} Locke
Leycester
1417 | Milo de Stapulton, miles | Joh’es Hullyng,§ vice Joh. Pedewell
1419 | Brian de Stapulton, miles | Joh’es Grene
1420 | Rob’tus Rous, &c., pro Bri-| Johannes Waleys
ano de Stapulton, milite
1424 | Brian de Stapulton, miles | Radulphus de Shagh, p.7. Joh: Wallys
1438 | Idem Radulphus Shawe
1448 | Milo Stapelton, miles Joh’es Holme, p.7. Radulphi Shawe
1459 | Idem Joh’es Emwell,||:.m. Joh’s Holme
1485 | Ricardus Harecourte, miles} Joh’es Morgan, p.m, Joh’ Emwell
1487 | Katerina Harecourt Joh’es Denbye, p.7. Ricardi Balteswell
1555 | Edm: Sture Arm: Phil:| Will’s Richardson,§] p.m. Ric’i Kirkby**
Huckle A.M. & John
Bitford Yeom: ex concess
Sim: Harecourte Mil: def:
1576 | Johannes Peerce Epus} Thomas White, p.m. Joh’is James, gui

{| Rector of Whelpley, 1456. Prebendary of Sarum, 1476, Precentor, 1479.

Roffen: ex concess: Regi-
ne que fuit Patrona ob
mortem Joh’is James gui
Suit seisitus de et in ad-
vocae: ecclesie tempore
mortis ejus

Selonice se ipsum suspendebat.

® This institution is stated in error to have been to ** Est Deone.”
+ Rector of Fisherton, Salisbury, and Sub-Dean of the Cathedral, 1418.

+ This institution was to West Dean All Saints.

See ante, p. 278.

?Sub-Dean of Sarum Cathedral, 1411,

First rector of the

united benefiees of West Dean All Saints and West Dean St. Mary.
{| Buried here, November 30th, 1557,
** Buried here, June Ist, 1555-6,

By the Rev. G. 8. Master. 281

A.D, Patronus, Rector.

1620 | Georgius Evelyn, Arm Matth’ Nicholas,* p.m. Willi Tooker f
1661 | Johannes Evelyn, miles Joh’es Newham, p.m. Matth’ Nicholas.

1672 | ldem Gabriel Thistlethwayte, { p.m. Joh’is
Newham
1682 | Idem Walterus Sloper, p.m. Gabrielis Thistle-
thwayte
1714 | Robertus Eyre,miles,Justic:: Abraham Franke,§ p.m. Walteri Sloper
ad placita

1733 | Evelyn, Duke of Kingston] William Sterne, p.m. Abraham Franke
1754 | George Fort. Sen., of Sarum} Edmund Yalden, p.m. William Sterne
1761 | John Ray, of Winton, gent.) John Ray, p.m. Edmund Yalden
1779 | Henry Dawkins, of Stand-| William Gomm, p.m. John Ray

linch, Esq.

1793 | Idem William Coxe,|| p. cess: William Gomm-

1793 | Idem Edward Dawkins, p.7.4] William Coxe

1811 | Francis Glossop Henry Glossop**

1820 | Idem William Heath,t+ byexchangewith Henry
Glossop for the Vicarage of Isleworth,
Middlesex

1839 | HenryGlossop,of Isleworth,| Francis Glossop,{{ p.m. William Heath
clerk, and John Adolphus
Young, gent

_1860 | Henry Glossop, clerk George Goodwin Pownall Glossop,§§ p.m.
Francis Glossop
1865 | Idem George Streynsham Master,|||| by ex-

change with George G. P. Glossop for
the Vicarage of Twickenham

“ae sae a ee ee ee ee eee ee

®D D., at different times Incumbent of Winterbourne, Wilts, Dean of Bristol, Prebendary of
Westminster, Vicar of Olveston, Co. Gloucester, Warden of S. Nicholas’ Hospital and Prebendary
of Sarum, Rector of Broughton, Hants, and Dean of St. Paul’s. Among the domestic papers.
(Record Office, Vol. 267, No. 79) 1s a letter from him to his brother Edward, Secretary to CharlesI,
dated from West Dean, 12th May, 1634, in which he says that he designs to let his parsonage at
West Dean and live at S. Nicholas, Harnham, for the education of his boys. Walker’s ‘‘ Snfferings
of the Clergy,” II., iii., 65. Bailey’s ** Life of Fuller,” 203, 686. ‘* Athen. Oxon,” i., 885. New-
court, i., 52. ‘* Miscellanea Genealogica,” Second Series, p. 68.

+ Fellow of New College, Oxon., 1577. Archdeacon of Barnstaple, Canon of Exeter, Prebendary
of Salisbury, 1597. Dean of Lichfield, 1604. Chaplain to Queen Elizabeth. Died at Salisbury, buried
in the Cathedral, leaving a son—Robert Tooker, of East Grimstead. Wood's ‘‘ Athen. Oxon,” ii.,
288.

¢ Prebendary of Sarum, 1666.

2 Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. D.D., Rector of Broughton, Hants, 1719. Prebendary
of Sarum, 1720. Chaplain to Kings George I. and II. Buried here, 1733, et 48.

|| Rector of Bemerton, ‘1788. Prebendary of Sarum, 1791. Archdeacon of Wilts, 1804. See
“Gent’s Mag.,” 1828.

{1 Prebendary of Sarum, 1805.
** Vicar of Isleworth, 1820 to 1855.

++ Son of George Heath, D.D., Head Master of Eton and Canon of Windsor. Fellow of King’s
College, Cambridge, 1805, Ob. in West Indies, 1839.

+t Buried here, April 20th, 1860.
® Vicar of Twickenham, 1865.
[|| Vicar of Welshampton, Salop, 1847; of Twickenham, 1859.

282 Collections for a History of West Dean.

The names of the following curates of West Dean and East
Grimstead are extracted from the parish registers, and from the
transcripts in the diocesan registry at Sarum :—

1596 James Case 1796 John Malham
1622 John Potter 1797 Thomas Williams
1624 John Fox 1799 John Bell
1628 Samuel Quintin 1803 John Malham
1673 Richard Carpenter - Thomas Price
1712 George Hayward 1804 Thomas Williams
1733 Henry Hawes 1805 Philip Strong
1735 William Thomas 1807 Philip Rideout
1749 W. Bowles 1808 H. P. Ryves
1754 William Powell 1814 M. Slinger
x James Lewis 1821 Erasmus Henry Griffies
1755 A. Heathcote Williams +
i” Gilbert White * 1830 E. F. Arney ¢
a3 Robert Bathurst 1835 Langton Edward Brown §
1756 Richard Yalden 1864 Randle J. Waters
‘i Richard Newlin 1866 Charles A. S. Nicoll ||
9s Basil Cane 1868 William L. W. Eyre J
1794 Arthur Loveday 1870 Stafford F. Bourdillon

There was a chantry in this Church, dedicated to the Blessed
Virgin, and founded in 1333 by Robert de Borbach. It is still
standing, and is now in use, as a mortuary chapel.

The record of its endowment, preserved in the episcopal register
at Salisbury (Wyvil i., f. 12) is here translated :—’

“ Deed of Robert de Borbach as to endowment for a chantry in the Church
of Deone.

“ Know [all men] present and future that I Robert de Borbach have given,
granted, and by this my present deed have confirmed to Sir Edward de Worthy,
priest, in perpetual and pure alms, a yearly rent charge of a hundred shillings,
which I acquired from the lord [of the manor], Oliver de Ingham, knight, in
the village of Estgrymstede in the county of Wiltes, which the same lord Oliver
granted to me by his own writing and enfeoffed me of it. The underwritten
quittances and particulars of which rent charge are payable and ought to be paid

*This is the well-known author of the history of Selborne, who was Curate for a short time to
his relative—the Rev, Edmund Yalden. Born in 1720, he was thirty-five at the date above given,
in which year his signature occurs three times in the registers.

+ Rector of S. Peter’s, Marlborough. Afterwards of Rushall, Wilts. Chancellor of St. David’s.
Succeeded his father as second baronet, 1843,

+ Vicar of Monmonth, 1849.
% Vicar of Dormington, Hereford, 1844
| Rector of Bepton Sussex, 1874.
| Rector of Swarraton, Hants, 1875.

1 For assistance in decyphering the contracted Latin of the original I am in-
debted to the kindness of H. J. F. Swayne, Esq.

1. —)|}§8& . —— ee?

By the Rev. G. §. Master. 283

to the chaplain from the freehold tenements underwritten, namely, from the
tenement of Nicholas Hulot fifteen pence half-penny, William Hulot fourteen
shillings, Thomas Elynge two shillings, John le Bolter two shillings and two
pence, Thomas Dodde eleven pence, John Walypuch sixteen pence, Thomas le
Couper two shillings and two pence, Isabell Doudyng eight pence, Thomas Dodde
two pence half-penny, the prior of the monastery of Ivychurch four pence. Also
as to tenements held in villenage; from that of John le Kyng six shillings,
Walter Coremnoys four shillings and two pence, Agnes Huckol three shillings
and ten pence half-penny, Robert le Heyward five shillings and ten pence,
Stephen le Kyng five shillings and six pence, William Spileman seven shillings
and nine pence, Henry Hukol six shillings and eight pence half-penny, William
le Heyward six shillings and eight pence half-penny, John le Kyng and Stephen
le Kyng eleven shillings, Julian Walypuch four pence, and Alice Dobyn eight
pence. There are payable, moreover, from the tenements held in villenage ten
shillings called bacon or larder money [‘/ardar’”’] and five shillings and four
shillings called customary work money [“operar’”], moreover two shillings
called eartage or grass money [‘' carectagium garcionium”’ :] to have and to
hold the aforesaid rent charge of the chief lords of the fee by the services therein
due and accustomed, to the aforesaid Edward and his successors [as long as they
say mass ?] in the chantry in the aforesaid Church of the Blessed Mary, of Deone,
for the souls of the lord Edward, late King of England, grandfather of our present
king. and for the souls of Gilbert de Clare, late Earl of Gloucester and Hertford,
and Joan, his wife, John de Ingham, and Marjorie, his wife, and for the good estate
of the venerable father, the lord Robert de Wyvyle, Bishop of Salisbury, Oliver
de Ingham, Robert le Boor, and of me, Robert de Borbach, and for our souls,
when we shall have departed this life, and for the souls of all the faithful dead.
The said intercession for the souls aforesaid shall be celebrated daily in the Church
of the Blessed Mary of Deone above mentioned, in the form appointed by the
venerable father, the lord Robert, by the grace of God Bishop of Salisbury, or
his deputy, when the see is vacant. guardian of the spiritualities, to be observed
in the chantry aforesaid. Moreover, during the lifetime of me, the said Robert
de Borbach, it shall be lawful for me, as often as the said chantry happens to be
yacant, to present a fit chaplain within two months; failing which the collation
shall devolve upon the Bishop of Salisbury for the time being. I will, moreover,
and direct that after my death the advowson and presentation of the chantry
aforesaid shall belong for ever to the aforesaid venerable father and his successors,
Bishops of Salisbury ; so that the said father, or the Bishop of Salisbury for the
time being, as often as the chantry happens to be vacant, shall confer it upon a
fit chaplain within the term aforesaid. Otherwise the presentation of it shall
pass to the Dean and Chapter of the Cathedral Church of Salisbury for that
turn. And [that] the aforesaid priest and others for the time being shall be the
better furnished for the discharge of their office in the chantry aforesaid, as well
in ornaments as in other utensils, I, the aforesaid Robert, confer upon the chantry
aforesaid, and the chaplains in the same, the underwritten—namely, three suitable
vestments, one missal, one chalice, one breviary, one coffer, one brass five gallon
jar, one washing basin and ewer, and one brass jug, all of which, received at his
induction to the said chantry, or others of equal value, the priest aforesaid shall
be bound at his peril to keep and repair, and hand down at his death. And I,

284 Collections for a History of West Dean.

Robert de Borbach, aforesaid, and my heirs or assigns, will be answerable for,
quit, and defend to the aforesaid Edward, priest, and his successors, and the
said chantry [for the masses said or to be said] for the souls aforesaid the
aforesaid annual rent charge of a hundred shillings, for ever. In testimony of
which I have to this present deed affixed my seal; these being witnesses; the
lord Walter de Escote, John de Grymstede, Adam Atteforde, Knights, John
de Grymsted, William de Losteshull, Stephen Loveras, John Payn, John le frere,
John Henry, Nicholas Hulon, Robert Bouersham [? Beauchamp] William Hulon,
and others. Given at Little Sombourn on the Monday next after the feast of
All Saints, in the seventh year of the reign of King Edward the third after the
Conquest. I, J. de B., have seen the deed sealed as aforesaid.” [Nov. 7, 1333.]

The fine paid to the Crown on alienation of this rent charge was
twenty marks, as appears from the following extract (‘ Cal: Rot:
Orig: 17 Edw. II., Rol. 17, p. 275) :—

“ Robertus de Borbach finem facit cum rege per xx marcas pro licentia dandi

quemdam redditum in Grymstede cuidam capellano ad, &c.

The Wiltshire Institutions supply the following list of chaplains:—

Patronus. Capellanus.

Robertus de Borbach Edwardus de Worthy

Episcopus Johannes le Frende

Idem Nicholaus Stokton

Dominus Johannes de Welton, p.r. Johannis de
Stone

Episcopus Johannes Botenham

Idem Thomas Mayhu, vice Johannis Boten-
ham

Idem Willielmus Trowghford

Idem Johannes Horewell

Idem Johannes Poleyne, per m. Johannis
Orewell

There is no record, so far as I am aware, of the dissolution of the

chantry.
From the survey of chantries, obits, lamps, &c., made in 1546, it

appears that :—

“ William Andrewes founded iij lampes, and j taper out of a tenement xiiij*.
at West Dean.” *

In 1553 the King’s Commissioners, Sir Anthony Hungerforde,
William Sherrington, and William Wroughton, Knights, “ delivered

* Vol. xii. of this journal, pp. 381, 369.

URI ieee ire orks | ain et et,

yr

By the Rev. G. 8. Master. 285

at West Deane to Richard Andrewes and John Collins won cuppe
or chales by indenture of ix ounces, and iij belles”; and at East
Grimstead “to Richard Andrewes and John Drew one cupp or
chales by indenture of v ounces and half, and won bell,” and took
two ounces in plate from each place, for the King’s use.

The existing communion plate consists of a silver chalice, of
elongated shape, having a bordure of foliage engraved around the
cup; and a cover, which forms a small paten; the hall mark
showing its date, 1581-2. Also of two footed patens, engraved
with the ducal arms of Kingston, and this inscription, “In Usus
Mensez Dominice Ecclesis de West Dene Donauit Illustrissimus
Princeps Evelin Dux de Kingston super Hull, A°.D".1720.” There
is also a small plated flagon.

The chalice and paten at East Grimstead are modern, and of gilt
metal.

Tue oLp CuurcH or S. Mary.

~The old parish Church of S. Mary, of which Sir R. C. Hoare
gives the dimensions and ground-plan (‘“ History of Modern Wilts,’
Hundred of Alderbury, p. 26) and then dismisses it with the meagre
notice that it is “a poor building with a wooden turret,” deserved
a more extended description. It was taken down in 1868, with the
exception of its south or Borbach Chantry, which has been restored
as a mortuary chapel, and of which more hereafter. The ground-
plan comprised a chancel, nave, south chantry, and south porch, the
wooden turret, already mentioned, being supported upon baulks of
timber at the west end of the nave. The walls were rough-cast
externally, and, with the exception of those of the chantry, which
were of faced flint, were loosely constructed of rubble of chalk,
flint, and sandstone.

The chancel was of the plainest Early English character, having
on its north side four, and on its south side three single lancet
windows, the most eastern on either side concealed behind a monu-
ment, and only brought to light during the progress of demolition.
The splays of two of these windows on each side had been cut away,
to give more head room to the occupants of the stone seats which

286 Collections for a History of West Dean..

ran along the chancel wall, a short Early English column with
boldly-carved capital supporting the weight of the wall above.
These pillars were hidden behind modern wainscotting, and were
somewhat mutilated when disclosed. Beneath the most western
lancet on the south side was a blocked square-headed low-side
window. A priest’s door in the same wall had been cased in brick-
work and its character destroyed. The east window, of three lights,
and one of two lights, blocked, in the south wall, were insertions of
Decorated date, having quatrefoils in their heads. The latter has
been removed to the restored chantry. Two concealed piscine were
brought to light, one a plain Early English chamfered opening,
with circular basin, its drain carried to the ground through a long
perforated stone; and a little to the east of this, superseding and
destroying a plain square ambry, a larger piscina of Decorated date,
with bold roll moulding, a square head, and an arched ambry above.
The sacrarium, elevated one step above the level of the chancel.
retained portions: of its original encaustic pavement. Among the
patterns of its tiles were an archer on horseback, rudely designed,
and two birds with twisted necks, forming the Lombardic letter
M—the monogram of the Blessed Virgin, in whose honour the
Church was dedicated. Here, against the north wall, was the large
Jacobean monument of John Evelyn, Esq.; on the opposite side the
bust of Mrs. Tirell; and the tablet of Mrs. Griffinhoofe ; and upon
the floor the brass of George Evelyn; all now removed into the
chantry, and described below. The chancel arch, of fair Decorated
character, was much crippled by the spread of its abutments.

The nave must have been re-built at a later date than that of the
chancel, no Early English features appearing in it, and its only
remaining un-mutilated windows—one of two lights on the north
side, and one of three lights at the west end—being ot the Decorated
style. Its walls, inclining outwards, had been strengthened on the
north and west by strong buttresses ef stone; but notwithstanding
the support of these, a large and dangerous fissure at the north-west
corner suggested unpleasant possibilities, and in fact rendered
necessary the removal or re-building of the Church. A few of the
old seats, very rough and plain oaken benches, have been transferred

7

By the Rev. G. 8. Master. 287

to the chantry. A large wainscotted pew, with Jacobean carvings,
blocking up the only original arch on the north of the nave, was
the devotional retreat of the great family from the mansion hard by.
Upon the plaster above some slight traces of color were discernible,
little more, however, than rude scoring in red ochre, representing
masonry ; and some fragments of an illegible black-Jetter inscription.
The pulpit, western gallery, and remaining fittings of the Church,
were of the meanest kind, of painted and unpainted deal. The font,
a large circular basin, upon a pier of rubble-work, has been re-erected
in the new Church, upon a new pedestal of stone and marble. A
few moulded timbers remained in the roof, which, however, had
been modernised, under-ceiled, and spoiled. Rude beams, or rather
baulks of oak, resting upon the floor, supported the ugly wooden
bell-turret, and its three bells. These have been hung in the new
Church, one of them having been first re-cast by Messrs. John
Warner & Sous, and bearing an inscription to that effect, with the
date 1866. Of the remaining two, one is quite plain, the other is
inscribed “Gop BE OvR GvyD. R.B. 1600.”!

The south chantry, the only portion of the Church now remaining,
was approached from the nave by two modern semicircular arches of
brick, upon square piers of the same material. These had, no
doubt, superseded the original arches and pillars, the style of which
may be inferred from the mutilated remains of a third arch, built of
chalk, pointed and chamfered, the apex of which was visible above
the wainscotting in the nave. The architecture of the chantry is
in accordance with the known date of its foundation, ¢. 1833. It
is of good Geometrical Decorated character, its east and west
windows (the former blocked internally by a monument) and one on
the south being of two lights, with quatrefoils in head, but without
hood mouldings within or without. There are oblong chamfered
openings in the gables. The founder’s tomb, beneath a cinquefoiled
ogee recess in the south wall, contains no effigy or inscription.
This portion of the Church, being found upon examination to be of

1 The same inscription and initials, with the date 1624 are upon one of the
bells at Stourton, Wilts. See vol. iv., p. 159.

VOL. XXII.—NO. LXVI. x

288 Collections for a History of West Dean.

better construction, as it was certainly of better character than the
rest, it was determined to preserve and restore it, as a chapel for
the service for the burial of the dead, and as a receptacle for the
ponderous monuments, which could not with either safety or pro-
priety be removed to another building. A new porch, made
sufficiently high to receive in its open gable a bell to be tolled at
funerals, has, accordingly, been added on the south, in lieu of the
mean and dilapidated structure which preceded it ; the plaster ceiling
which concealed the timbers of the roof has been removed ; and the
whole chantry put into substantial repair, at the cost of W. J.
Evelyn, of Wotton, Surrey, Esq., a tablet above the door recording
his liberality.
I may now proceed to describe the monuments, in their order.
The earliest, in point of date, is a large and costly memorial to
John Evelyn, Esq., of alabaster and marble, removed from the
destroyed chancel, and built into the most western of the brick
arches in the north wall. Mr. Evelyn and his wife are kneeling
npon cushions, face to face, at a fald-stool, beneath a double semi-
circular areade, supported by a central bracket. He is clad in a
civilian’s gown, with hanging braided sleeves, and has a ruff round
his neck: she has a long flowing dress, with tight sleeves, gauntlets,
and ruff, her hair is plaited in a plain band upon her forehead, from
which a long veil with lace edging hangs down behind and is
caught up beneath the arms in front. Against the base, in alto
relievo, are kneeling figures of their children, three sons and eight
daughters, the eldest son attired like his father, but without braid
upon the sleeves of his gown; his brothers, behind him, in knee
breeches and short cloaks; all of them with pointed beards and
moustaches. Of the daughters, who are habited like their mother,
the two eldest and the youngest have their veils gathered up in
front; the others wear theirs hanging in straight folds to the
ground, An absurd local tradition that these eleven children were
all blind may, perhaps, be explained by the fact that their eyes are
uncoloured, while those of their parents are painted. There is a
a heavy pediment, supported by Corinthian pillars of red and white
marble, and surmounted by a draped shield, sculls, &. The arms

p th

—

By the Rev. G. 8. Master. 289

are quarterly, 1 and 4, Azure, a griffin passant and a chief or, Evelyn:
2 and 3, Argent two bars between seven martlets vert, Aylard. The
shape of the shield seems to have ruled the number of the martlets,
which should rightly be nine. The crest has been broken off.

The inscription in the spandril between the canopies runs thus :—

M.S.
Jou’1s Evetin AR. PATRIS MERITO COLE’DI AC ELIZABETHE VXORIS SUE
MATRIS PARITER VENEBANDE GerorGius EvELIN FILIUS NATV MAXIMUS
DEDICAVIT: Hc OBIIT SEPTIMO DIE Mair A° 1625 Arar. sux
SEXAGESIMO: ILLE DECIMO SEPTIMO APRILIS: 1627: AiraT.
SEPTUAGESIMO SECUNDO.

I HEARD A VOYCE FROM HEAVEN SAYING WRITE FROM
HENCEFORTH BLESSED ARE THE DEAD
WHICH DYE IN THE LORD: EVEN
SO SAYTH THE SPIRIT THAT
THEY REST FROM THEIR
LABOURS AND THEIR
WORKES FOL-

LOW THEM.

Apoca;: caP: 14.
ET: 15.

Built into the south wall, having previously occupied a similar
position in the destroyed chancel, is a draped niche in alabaster,
surmounted by a shield; argent two chevronels azure, within a
bordure engrailed gules, Tyrell; impaling per fesse Evelyn and
Aylard. Within is a well-executed bust of pure white marble, of a
young lady with short curling hair, a veil thrown over her head
and hanging down behind, rich lace boddice, necklace, earrings,
and pendant amulet, and the following inscription :—

Hic sacet EvizapetHa TIRELL FILIA GEoRGII EVELYN
Armia. Ux0R JOHANNIS TIRELL DE HERON Mixit1s In ComrI-
TATU ESSEXIH JUNIORIS QUI PROPTER PIETATEM ERGA
DEUM ET FIDELEM AMOREM ERGA MARITUM H®C EREXIT
MonvuUMENTUM AD PERPETUAM UXORIS MEMORIAM: VNI-

CAM RELIQUIT FILIOLAM ELIZABETHAM CUI IN PUERPURIO
MORIENS TANQUAM RARA PHOENIX ViTaM DEDIT. A° Dom. 1629.

On a brass,! inlaid in a slab of Purbeck marble, originally upon

1 Engraved and described in Kite’s “ Monumental Brasses of Wilts,” p. 90.
aoe

290 Collections for a History of West Dean.

the chancel floor, but now placed upright against the south wall of
this chantry, is the figure of a boy with flowing hair, long dress
with pointed boddice, pudding sleeves, vandyked collar and cuffs,
and short square tippet, and this inscription :—
Groreius EVELYN
ARMIGER FILIUS NATU
Maximus JoHANNIS
EvELYN MILITIS OBIIT
6'° pig SEPTEM. ANNO

D™ 1641. AMratis
SUZ SEXTO.

The east end of the chantry is entirely occupied by a ponderous
and costly structure of grey and black marbles, two monolith Ionie
pillars on either side, upon square bases, supporting a massive pedi-
ment ornamented with urns and a shield. Beneath, in a broad and
deep niche, or recess, with semi-circular arch and a large seallop
shell for ceiling, is the life-size full-length figure of a heavy man,
half clad in a sheet which is falling from him, kneeling upon one
knee, his hands clasped in prayer, his eyes up-raised. He has a
scull-eap upon his head, from which his long hair falls in great
masses over his shoulders. Behind him is an angel, flymg down
with outstretched arms to succour him, and in front some gilded
rays of glory, issuing from an aperture, indicate the divine blessing.
The niche is closed by wooden doors, painted outside in imitation of
green curtains, and lined with gilt copper, upon which, and upon
two blocks of marble, sculptured to resemble drapery, and upheld
by nude cherubs, is the following fantastic inscription :—

[ Upon the upper part of the monument. |

To YOV Yt READE. & YOV Yt HEARE
(for Here’s Enough for EYE & EARE)

w* VAVLTS have VOICE’, & d

All

aL
Le Maer atten esto. ssOR DE
Or, if not All y* later #8>s of All
In ME
(then know)
Some soul

below
This TREASURE ly.

rl hl eee ee ee

ss”.

By the Rev. G. S. Master.
[ Upon the left-hand door.]

OF
ROBERT PIERRPONT
Eldest son of y° Ho’ WILLIAM Esq'
& Heire to the whole Familie
The BODIE
Which yet, as One of Her worst Enemies
The SOULE y* dwelt in’t did as twere Despise
At THIRTY FIVE when grown full Ripe for Action
Then She forsooke It, if not Unkindly,—Saye
Untimely too Readily—too Soone
So some SUNS are Overcast at MOONE

Yet Twas Deriued from Highe & Noble STOCKH
Crownd w* an FARZLEDOME on Eyther Side There
of SHREWSBURY of KINGSTON here stood HETRE

Apparent unto This had in Its Veines
Beside y° BLODD of Both Their Seminal
Their Bullion VE RTULS too readie Coynable
Into Exploits as greate as Hyther ANCESTORS
Had but occasion Call’d wth was (& was
The Only Thing yt was) Here Wanting

Healthie & Sound It Passd thro JTALIE & FRANCE
& SPAINE, Un-mutilated, Un-Diseasd

Without y® Marks of SIV or CHANCE

Returnd Matchd wth a LADYEH—Of Whom

Though All Good might, Nothing must Here be said
St VAULTS speake not y® Living but y’ DEAD

Yet This To Parte with HER alone
I Over-Heard was Th’ Expiring Grone
Both Great HXAMPLES Never to Refuse
In Matches What Wise PA RHNTS Chuse

Blest with FJVE Hopeful CHIZ DREN Eache enough
T’ Enrich y* Future Age, & To Invite

A BODY ’s longer Staye in This if ought

Might doe’t

But
Thus It was—Too big for It
The SOULE was grown, & SOULES Once fitt
To Mount at Heaven’s Call
Soone let y* Mantle of y° BODIE Fall
So Was, & So Did ZHTJS.

291

292 Collections for a History of West Dean.

[Upon the right-hand door.]

A SOULE

That had Great PARTS, & Many very Singular

Of a NATVRE in All most Sweete & Obliging

Of a very Generous and Cleare TEMPER
Perfectly Loyal to’s Prince in all Sub & Supra Drences

ever Pre-Judging for dUTHORITIE

Of Greate Reueverence & Pietie to's PARENTS

Of a most Intire Affection to’s WIFE

Of great Indulgence unto his CHILDREN

Of Vnmou’able Constancy to his FREIND
LEARNED, wuch beyond y* Gentleman of This Age

in Languages & Arts chiefly Mathematical

Spake little, but to Purpose Could not Chide

Sufferd in Its Displeasure more then Did

Observ’d Things well; Not to find Fault but Praise

Look’d thorough Men yea VATIONS quickly spid

The 7A LENT uppermost in Eache Got that.

Religion It had plae’d in highest Top o’ th SPIRIT, & having

Many Seene The Best res*rving yet Inferior Observances

for Any Person, Thing, or Rite y' shewed like SACRED, prizing so
All about DEVOTION as Not to slight Its SHADOWE.

A most Candid Int*p‘er of all Mens Actions hardly
Speaking Il of Any, though III deseruing
Infirmities It had; (Who Not?) Of Malice None

Of Frailtie Some, wth Still It Selfe did Own wout Disguise

without Defense, but never w“out Reuenge upon It Selfe

in Penances of greate Retirm‘*—Prayer—Study—& Spare Dyet, &e.
Whom Nothing could prevaile with to Speake an UNT RUTH nor

any Advantage engage in an Unhandsome ACTION

Would Doe no Wrong ; None, if foreseen SV FFE R, being
guarded wY*a PRVDEWNCE often to Prevent It euer
a Courage, y‘ dared to be Honest ag* all Terrors.

Above Feares, Greifes, or any Cowing Passion, Fac’d DEATH

familiarly, and Unconcernd Discours’d of It; Shew’d
such Patience & Passive Valo™ i’ the Cutting off
his LEGG, as was to Admiration.

A SOVLE (in fine)
Of QVALITIES, as wellas MAKE, DIVINE
Wh soaring Thus, up to These skirts of GZORY
Was quickly caught up Higher, & left Here
The Yet Unperfect FZEHSH, to be Matur’d
For GLQRY too, gainst a (Hop’d) joint Glorious
RESVRRECTION.

si ll hd ie i

By the Kev. G. 8. Master. 293

[ Upon the base of the monument. ]

For This Then : (quitting other Tendernesses)
Darte a Prayer,—Drop a Teare,
You y* Reade, & you y* Heare:

And neuer thinke yt Long Life Here is All
SHRVBS Stand, Contemnd when CEDARS for Vse, fall
DECEASED
April y® xxvi
In y* yeare of Our Lord MDClxix
His Age xxxv.

—Nee Vilius 7PSVM
Lugeri voluit CONJUX meestissima
KE. P.

Above are the arms of Pierrepont in marble—semeé of cinquefoils,
a lion rampant, in the dexter chief a crescent charged with a label of
three points for difference; and upon the doors two erests are painted
—a fox passant proper, and a lion rampant (to sinister) sable.

Against the north wall, and close to the last-described monument,
is that of Sir John Evelyn—of grey marble—containing within a
semi-circular arched niche, and shut in by iron doors, a fine life-size
bust of white marble, with flowing hair, a falling collar, like bands,
and closely-buttoned coat. The pediment is surmounted by an urn,
on either side of which is seated a female figure in an attitude of
grief. Behind rises an obelisk bearing the arms and crest of Evelyn.
Upon the base is this inscription :-—

P.M.

Of S' John Evelyn of West Deane in y* county of Wilts.
Here lyes (what, Reader Thou shalt seek in vaine
In other tombs) a long liv’d hapy man,

Whose minde and Body kept soe just apace
Thro’ all y° various turnings of his Race,

That neither fail’d ; till y® soul went away
His sence remain’d, and Death out-run decay.
To him y® Great, To him y® Meane repair’d,
The one’s Adviser, and the other’s Guard;
Peace by him dwelt, t’was his delightful toyl
To make New Friends, and Foes to reconcile,
And what he taught, he did himselfe commende
Kinde to his Foes, & Faithfull to his Friends.

294 Collections for a History of West Dean.

In Publick, and in Private Acts of Love,
(Such as he, now a Saint, exerts above)
His life was spent : and when late Death
Sent welcom summons for his breath,
Zeal bore him upward, and his Active minde
Broke out in Prayer and left this dust behind
26> day of June—in y* yeare 1685, & of his Age 84.
THIS BEING ERECTED BY HIS BELOVED DAUGHTER Y#
HONORABLE Mss ELIZABETH PIERRPONT.” *

The two last-described monuments are within the iron railings of
a marble-paved sacrarium, under which is the vault of the Pierrepont
family.

Here, too, is preserved the stone coffin discovered in March, 1870,
in the field called All Hallon, the supposed site of the ancient
Church of West Dean All Saints, of which mention is made else-
where.

Upon the south wall is a marble tablet, with the following in-
scription :—

In memory of WILLIAM BROOKE, who died Jan" 7, 1799, aged 57
years. Also of ANN, his wife, who died Nov 29, 1802, aged 43 years. And

also of WILLIAM BROOKE, son of the above WILLIAM BROOKE, who
died Feb'’ 8, 1813, aged 37 years.

Arms, or, a cross engrailed gules, Crest, a bear passant.

Upon another tablet, removed from the south wall of the destroyed
chancel :—

Sacred to the memory of JANE, Widow of the late WILLIAM JOHN
GRIFFENHOOFE, Esqre., of Hampton in the County of Middlesex. She died
August the 8", 1832, aged 72 years. Her remains are deposited in the vault
beneath.

This lady was mother-in-law of the Reverend E. F. Arney, for
some years curate in sole charge of the parish, and died at the
rectory.

On flat stones upon the floor are inscriptions to :—
Richard Emmott, died 14. August 1735, aged 56 years.
Philip Emmott, his son, died 2 May 1770 aged 61 years.

* These inscriptions have been printed in ‘‘ Miscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica,’? 2nd Series,
pp. 152-6.

By the Rev. G. 8. Master. 295

In a line with these, but now outside the chapel, are others to :—
Mary Emmott, died 23 June 1790, aged 48 years.
Dorothy, wife of Mr. Philip Emmott, died 20 Nov. 1779, aged 74 years.
Richard, their son, died 16. Sept. 1765, aged 26 years.
Rachel Emmott. died 21 April 1794, aged 47 years.
Philip Emmott, died 26. Feb. 1786. aged 45 years.

On flat stones, formerly upon the chancel floor, now in the open
air, but un-removed :—

H.S.E. Abrahamus Franke, S.T P. hujusce Ecclesiz

Rector, necnon in ecclesia Sarisburiensi Praebendarius,

Sereniss® Principibus Georgio I™° & 2° Capellanus, et

SSt Trinitatis Colleg apud Cantabrigienses olim Socius.

Obiit I° die Sept’. mpccexxx111 Ait* Sue XLVvuI.

Nathaniel Franke, A.M. frater Abt Franke non longius

Abhine jacet Sepultus. Ob‘ 16° Martii, mpccxxvit At® Sue xxx.

Arms, a saltire engrailed : on an inescutcheon—party per chevron,
in chief two fleurs-de-lis, in base a tower embattled.

Here Lyeth the Body of M™ Anne Sloper, Daughter of y®
Reverend M* Walter Sloper, who Departed this life March
the 7 1722,

Here lyeth the body of M'* Elizabeth Sloper, the Daughter
of M' Walter Sloper, Rector of this Place & Anne his wife,
Who Dyed Jan. 24 1698, in the 12 Year of her Age.

Also near this Place lyeth y* Body of M™ Anne Sloper, wife
of Walter Sloper, Rector of this Parish, who Dyed October y*
12 1700.

Walter, y® son of Walter Sloper, Rector, & Anne his Wife,
Who dyed August y® 24 1702, aged 17.

Walter Sloper, M.A. Rector of this Parish, who Dyed June
the 1** 1714. aged 61.

Arms, much defaced, apparently a knot, in chief a bird volant,
impaling three buckles, 2 and 1. Crest, a cross patteé.

296 Collections for a History of West Dean.

Upon an altar-tomb, which stood just outside the south-east angle
of the old chancel, is an almost obliterated inscription surmounted
by a shield, apparently a fesse between two Harrington knots, im-
paling ermines, three griffins’ heads erased, 2 and 1.

Herelyeth . . . «. M*. Th. Yeomanslateof .. . who .. . «
Sarah Widow ... . also .. . . YThomaswho .. . . also
here .. . . Yemanslatewifeof .. . . atHampton ....
in the 23%.

And on a panel at the head of the tomb :-—

This tomb was Erected at the sole charge of M'. Tho’. Yemans,
it being the place where his Ancestors was Interrd.

On a head-stone against the west wall of the churchyard :—

D.O.M.
Here lieth the Body of Henrietta Havers, youngest daughter
of Thomas Havers Esq"? (of Thelton Hall in the County of Norfolk) who
departed this Life the 1*t of July 1797, aged 23 years. R.IP.

On another head-stone against the same wall :—

H.S.E. Lucy Ballard, formerly of Southampton, who died
Dec. 27 1815, aged 60 years.

Upon a coped stone, with raised cross, east of the old chancel :—

Underneath this tomb are deposited the mortal remains
of The Reverend Francis Glossop, 22 years Rector of this Parish,
He died April 16, 1861, aged 73 years. His spirit is returned
to God, in whom through Christ he trusted. Reader, prepare to
meet thy God.

[On the other side. ]

Louisa, widow of the Reverend Francis Glossop, born May 25
1787, entered into rest May 25. 1884. Blessed are the dead which
die in the Lord.

On another stone, of similar design :—

In memory of Edward George Wansborough, who died
Sept. 19, 1861, aged 44 years.

The sweet remembrance of the just

Shall flourish when he sleeps in dust.

In the churchyard, to which an addition was made in 1866, are
two fine old yew trees, the larger of which measured, when entire,

——

—— ee

By the Rev. G. 8. Master. 297

more than 30ft. in circumference, and, though quite hollow, con-
tinues to flourish and throw out vigorous foliage. It is as old—in
the opinion of experts in such matters—as the Conquest of England!

THe new Cuurcy or S. Mary,

which has taken the place of the old one, was erected in 1865-6
upon a site nearer to the village, from designs by Messrs. Pownall
and Young, architects, of London, at a cost of £2500, of which
£1000 were given by Thomas Baring, Esq., M.P., the lord of
the manor. It is a substantial and handsome edifice of Early
English character, eonstructed of flint with Bath stone and brick
dressmgs, with high-pitehed tile-covered roof; and comprises an
apsidal chancel with organ-chamber on the north, nave, and south
poreh. There is a bell-turret, containing three bells, upon the roof.
The chancel is well raised above the level of the nave, from which
it is separated by a dwarf stone sereen, in the southern angle of
which is the pulpit, also of stone. A beautiful reredos, of the same
material, with a white marble cross under a crocketted canopy, and
the Holy Lamb in relief beneath, is a memorial to the Rev. George
G. P. Glossop, Rector of the parish, and bears upon the marble shelf
of the re-table the inscription :—“»{ To the glory of God and in
loving memory of the Rev. George G. P. Glossop, M.A., Vicar of
Twickenham, and formerly Rector of the Parish, who entered into
rest April 23, 1874, this reredos is erected by his widow.” At the
west end stands the font, the time-stained circular Norman bowl of
which, removed from the old Church, has been re-erected upon a
pedestal of Caen stone, carved with fern leaves and adorned with
shafts of marble. The internal woodwork is of stained pine of a
substantial character. The Church was consecrated by Bishop
Hamilton, of Salisbury, on Easter Tuesday, 1866.

Tue Cuapet or East Grimsreap,

situated on low ground at the southern extremity of that hamlet,
was a poor building of chalk, without any feature of interest. It
comprised chancel, nave, and north porch; of which the plan and
dimensions are given in Hoare’s “ Wilts.” A memorandum in one

298 Collections for a History of West Dean.

of the West Dean registers records an expenditure upon it in 1838
of £58 for internal repairs, with a list of the subscribers. It was
taken down’in 1856, and the present chapel erected upon the same
lines, a south porch being substituted for that on the north, and an
organ-chamber and vestry added on that side. The requisite funds
were supplied by the family of the patron and quondam rector, the
Rev. Henry Glossop. The chapel, a little gem of the first pointed
style, was dedicated in honor of the Holy Trinity (all record of its
ancient dedication having been lost), and consecrated by Bishop
Hamilton, of Salisbury, on July 16th, 1857—who, preaching on
the occasion, selected as his text “ Hecles., vii., 8, ‘‘ Better is the
end of a thing than the beginning thereof.” It is constructed ex-
ternally of flint with stone dressings, internally of brick and stone,
the pulpit being a combination of the same materials. It has a
stone bell-gable for one bell at the junction of nave and chancel, an
eastern window of three lights filled with stained glass, and an
elegant northern arcade of stone and marble, giving access to its
organ-chamber and vestry, and affords accommodation to about
sixty worshippers. It contains no memorials of any kind.

The West Dean registers record two marriages celebrated here on
March 14th, 1474, and April 18th, 1715, and two burials, both on
August 28th, 1563.

A stone, which may, I think, have formed the base of a churchyard
cross, is in the garden of the manor farm,

Tur Recrory Hovst.

The rectory house, an old-fashioned commodious edifice of brick,
stands in a pleasant lawn, and is backed by fine elm trees. It faces
south, is surrounded by its well-timbered glebe, and looks across
the village and railway upon the yew-clad slopes of Dean hill.
Originally, as I suppose, a shallow straight-fronted building, with
a single range of rooms on each story, occupying its entire area,
opening out of one another, and lighted by windows on the north
and south, it has received subsequent additions in the shape of wings
for offices at either end, and a bay containing three rooms projected
from the centre of its southern front. These give it an irregular

She.

By the Rev. G. 8. Master. 299

and not unpicturesque appearance. A range of excellent stables
and outbuildings adjoins it on the east, and there is a fine walled
kitchen garden, an acre in extent. A ruinous group of wooden
thatched barns, surrounding a large straw yard, near the house, was
removed in 1868 and replaced by more convenient buildings in a
central position on the glebe.

Tue ParocataL ScHoo..

The parochial school, with a teacher’s residence attached, was
erected in 1867 by Thomas Baring, Esq., M.P., of Norman Court,
at a cost, including its fittings, of about £500. It is of brick, with
stone dressings, and will accommodate fifty children. It is en-
dowed, as will be seen under the heading of “ Benefactions,” with
£40 per annum, by the same gentleman.

A dame’s school at East Grimstead, in a small room which is the
private property of the rector, is accepted by Government as sufficient
at present for that hamlet.

Toe Parocu1aL REGISTERS.

The parochial registers of West Dean with the chapelry of East
Grimstead commence in November, 1538, the year of the injunction
issued by Thomas Cromwell, afterwards Earl of Essex, Vicar-General
to King Henry VIII., for the general establishment of these records.
Contrasted with those of the adjoining parish of West Grimstead,
which commence in 1717, they are styled by the historian of Wilts
(Sir R. C. Hoare’s “ Modern Wilts,” Hundred of Alderbury, p. 30,)
the “ Alpha ” as opposed to the ‘“ Omega” of parish calendars.

From “The Parish Register Abstract of 1830,” “a return ordered
by Parliament of all the Register-books in England, with their
commencement and termination,” it appears that there were, at that
date, out of about ten thousand nine hundred and eighty-four, only
eight hundred and twelve extant, which begin in 1538—some forty
of which contain entries of a still earlier period, copied, as it is
presumed, from memoranda preserved by the clergy. (Burns’
*« History of Parish Registers,” p. 15.)

300 Collections for a History of West Dean.

The West Dean register, forming one of the eight hundred and
twelve, is therefore of more than usual interest.

The earliest book is a small paper volume, 8in. by 6in., in a limp
vellum cover, in fair preservation, and contains separate lists of
baptisms, marriages, and burials from 1588 to 1578, after which
they are entered indiscriminately, a letter in the margin indicating
to which category each entry belongs, until 1595, when the volume
terminates. The records of the first decade are in Latin.

The usual formula for recording a marriage in English runs
thus :—“ M and N were sclemnized in matrimony.”

Illegitimate children are thus noted :—“ Pater eius est incognitus”:
“que genita est vago concubitu”: “ decognito patre”: “ex me-
conoso concubitu”’: “ ex illicito concubitu” : “ ex adulterimo con-
cubitu genita” : ‘ whose father is not known”: &c.

There are memoranda, under the dates 1592 and 1595, of copies
having been sent to the ordinary, and this anterior to the constitution
made by the archbishop, bishops, and clergy of the Province of
Canterbury, and approved by the Queen, October 25th, 1597, to
that effect. (Burns’ “ History of Parish Registers,” p, 22.) The
copies are not now to be found in the diocesan registry at Salisbury,
where the earliest is dated 1599.

An early instance of the payment of a fee for search occurs in
1547 :— Memorandu that William Drewe p*: iij’- for finding his
name xxi" of october.”

With the entries of baptisms in 1556 and 1560 the names of the
God-parents are recorded.

There are no entries whatever for the year 1585, which may,
perhaps, be explained by the loss of a loose leaf; and no marriages
are recorded in 1544-5-6-7, nor in 1550-1-1555, 1560, 1568, 1569.

Among the Christian names in this volume may be noticed
«“ Tritrinius,” 1540; “ Augustine ” and “ Hector,” 1555; ‘ Keyrs-
tion ” (Christian), 1565; “ Marmaduke,” 1567; ‘ Prothosye,”
1577; “ Araberga,” 1582; “ Tristram,” and “ Duke” (perhaps for
Marmaduke), 1589.

Among the surnames, that of ‘“ Dene” is doubtless derived from
the place, and has passed through the various phases of “ Dene,”

By the Rev. G. 8. Master. 301

“ Dane,” “ Denes,” “ Dennys,” ‘ Dennis,” and “ Dince”; while
those of “ Futcher,” “ Fox,” “Forder,” ‘ Harris,” “ Hibberd,”
and ‘‘ Parsons,” are ’still represented in the parish and neighbourhood.

Names which have disappeared from the locality are “ Alryge,”
or “ Aldridge,” “ Barkeshyre,” “ Bynkys,” “ Carde,’ “ Cully,”
“ Daman ” and “ Damram ” (for Damerham), “Drue ” and “ Drewe,”
“ Harrewaye,” “ Macersedde,” “ Morse,” “ Plaford,” “ Pebernell,”
“ Roo” or “ Roe,” “ Ryddman,” “ Tote,” “ Throsyll,” “ Shyrfield,””
“ Shotter,” “ Wyrsdale.”

An illegitimate child, 1577, takes the surname of the father :—
“ John Cully y* sonne of Alys Allen [ex adulterino cocubitu genit]
and of John Cully y* yong™ w™ rane away whe’ she was w" child,
was baptized y* second daye of Februarie”: and another, in 1586,
the maiden name of the mother, who was a widow :—“ Mychaell
Shotter y* sonne of Elyzabeth Shotter (late Wydow of John Cully)
was christened y* ix day of June, whose father ys not known.”

Upon the back of the title-page is the following :—“ Md y* haith
be’ buryed att Westdeane out of Mr. Whiteheddes house syne ye
yeare of or lord god m‘°ccccexxxviij iij, & chrystned fro’ y* same
house ix.” This must have been written about the year 1546, up
to which time the numbers here given correspond with the entries
in the register.

The Hampshire families of Whitehead and Thistlethwayte were
occupiers of the manor house, or residents in the parish for long
periods (they were seated also at Norman Court, in the adjoining
parish of West Tytherley), the former name occurring in the
registers from 1540 to 1593, the latter first in 1552. Both gave
ample scope to the orthographic talents of the rectors, who essayed
to spell them with as many letters, and in as great a variety of
forms as possible.

And now ensues an “hiatus valde deflendus,” nothing less than
the loss of an entire volume, with the records of well-nigh a century,
and that the troublous one of the Commonwealth and Restoration,
oftentimes prolific of entries of interest; and of the period of
residence in the manor house of the families of Evelyn and Pierre-

pont, whose domestic history it would have served to illustrate, Its

302 Collections for a History of West Dean.

absence deprives us of ovr records of baptisms between 1599 and
1697, of marriages from the former date to 1701, of burials from
1599 to 1677, all inclusive; and there is a further deficiency of
burial entries between 1702 and 1778, both inclusive. No trace of
the missing book can be found. A vague tradition lingers in the
village that it was borrowed (?) by a former churchwarden, who
was also bailiff to the lord of the manor. It must have been here
in 1783, in which year a return was supplied of the numbers of
baptisms, marriages, and burials during three periods of twenty
years, 7.¢., from 1688 to 1707, from 1730 to 1749, and from 1760
to 1779, particulars of which are recorded in one of the later
registers. But it is mentioned as Jost by Sir Richard Hoare in his
“ History of Wilts” (Hundred of Alderbury, p. 30), published in
1837.

There are copies of the entries of some of the deficient years in the
diocesan registry at Salisbury, but having been supplied with great
irregularity, they do not compensate for the loss of the originals.
The copies are written for the most part on strips of vellum tied
together at the corner, and are usually attested by ths signatures
of the rector, or his curate, and the churchwardens. They form
bundle No. 153 in the registry, the entries of baptisms, marriages,
and burials being sometimes separately, and sometimes indiscrimi-
nately recorded.

The years for which there are copies are 1599, 1600, 1601 (then
there is a gap of twenty years), 1622, 1624, 1625, 1628, 1629,
1631, 1682, 1633, 1635, 1636 (a gap of twenty-four years), 1661,
1662, 1663, 1665, 1666, 1667, 1668, 1671, 1673, 1674 (a gap of
thirty-six years), 1710, 1711, 1712, 1717, 1718, 1720, 1722, 1723,
1724, 1725, 1726, 1727, 1728, 1729, 1730, 1781, 1732, 17388,
1735, 1786, 1738, 1740, 1741, 1745, 1746, 1749, 1750, 1753, 1755,
1758, 1762 (a gap of twenty years), 1783, 1784, 1785, 1786, 1787,
1788, 1789, 1790, 1795, 1796, 1797, 1798, 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802,
1803, 1804, 1805, 1806, 1807, 1808, 1809, 1810, 1811, 1812, 1813.

I may notice here that the sheet or strip containing entries for
1730 has evidently been included in the bundle in error, and belongs
‘to some other parish. The great number of burials, dispersed pretty

a

By the Rev. G. 8. Master. 303

evenly through the year, indicates a much larger population ; the
names of the curate and churchwardens are unknown, and the other
names are not those of West Dean families. There is besides,
another return, although only of burials, properly attested by the
rector and churchwardens, for the same year.

Our second existing register is a small folio of vellum, with a
stiff cover of the same material, and contains records of baptisms
from 1698 to 1798; of marriages from 1702 to 1753; and of
burials from 1678 to 1701, these last in accordance with the Act of
Parliament, 80 Charles II., for burying in woollen. Upon the paper
fly-leaf is a list of affidavits brought to the rector. They refer
only to the first eleven entries of burials, so that it does not appear
that the provisions of the Act were long observed :—

“ An affidavit made under the hands and sealls of Mary Condicke and Elleanor
Atkins that Hester Grantham was buried in wollen was brought to me Gabriell
Thistlethayt Rector of W*t Dean the 31° of Jan: 1678.”

Upon the outside of the book are the signatures of “ Walter
Sloper, A.M.” [rector from 1682 to 1714]; “A ffrancke, A.M.”
afterwards D.D., [rector from 1714 to 1783] ; “ W. Sterne, A.M.”
frector from 1733 to 1754]; “Edmund Yalden, M.A.” [rector
from 1754 to 1761]; and “John Ray, A.M.” [rector from 1761
to 1779].

The induction of “ W. Sterne ” is noted within, under date
February 2nd, 1733.

In this book, or in the Sarum copies, occur the singular Christian
names of “Chracy,” 1661; ‘Gartred” (for Gertrude), 1661;
“ Myzit,” 1666 ; “ Clemence,” 1735, “ Hannibal,” 1742 ; “ Sebina,”
or “ Sabina” 1742 ; “ Bithia,” 1790.

A baptismal entry in the copy for 1624 runs thus :—“ Mar. 6,
William son of a vagrant person ”

In the copy for 1673 the Christian names of the baptized are
omitted.

The paternity of illegitimate children continues to be noted.

About the year 1772 births are registered instead of baptisms,
but the practice is discontinued some six years later.

VOL. XXII.—NO. LXVI. <

304 Collections for a History of West Dean.

A memorandum, inserted at a later date (1838) at the end of this
register, of the repair of East Grimstead Chapel, has been noticed
under that head, at p. 298.

The third register is a quarto, bound in Russia leather, and pre-
pared in a somewhat elaborate printed form, for the entries of
baptisms at one end and of burials at the other; it is entitled
“ Proposed Form of Register, &c.,” and, I suppose, was never
generally adopted. The maiden names of married women are given,
and, when it could be ascertained, the cause of death. A sensible
preface, setting forth the utility of parochial registers, and the best
mode of keeping them and churchyards in order, is repeated at
either end. And there are blank leaves for the insertion of memo-
randa, among which is the return already mentioned of the number
of baptisms, marriages, and burials during three periods of twenty
years each, the first beginning in 1688, the second in 1730,
the third in 1760; of the number of inhabitants in 1782 [one
hundred and eighty-five in West Dean, one hundred and eighteen
in East Grimstead] ; of the quota furnished to the triennial service
of the national militia [one man in three years] ; the number of
houses [thirty-seven in West Dean, thirty-five in East Grimstead] ;
the number charged to the window-tax and 3s. house duty [in West
Dean, nineteen, in East Grimstead, ten] ; of the number of families
[in West Dean, thirty-five, in East Grimstead, twenty-one]; of the
number of those whose families may be said to be increasing [in
West Dean, sixteen, in East Grimstead, eleven]; of enclosures
[made to a considerable extent between fifty and sixty years ago] ;
of inoculation [not practised here in general]. Another return,
furnished in 1801, gives the number of baptisms, marriages, and
burials from the year 1781 to 1800 inclusive, and of marriages from
1761 to 1780 inclusive. And there are particulars of the different
sorts of grain grown in the parish in 1801, as follows :—wheat,
two hundred and seventy acres; buckwheat, four; barley, two
hundred and seventy-one ; potatoes, five ; peas, twenty-three ; beans,
six; turnips or rape, fifty; rye, one; total, seven hundred and
thirty-seven.

The only other memorandum is to the effect that “the Influenza

ee ee

—T .) eee ee ee ee ST eee

By the Rev. G. S. Master. 305

‘was very prevalent throughout the kingdom and proved fatal in
many places during the spring of the year 1803.”

This book contains the entries of baptisms and burials from 1779
to 1813: the tax of 3d. in each case paid to the Crown from 1784
to 1794 [in accordance with the Act 23 George III., repealed 34 of
the same reign] being recorded in the margin. The supply of copies
to the diocesan registry is noted in 1803, under the signature of
“*Thomas Price, Curate”; in 1807, under that of “ Phil. Rideout,
Curate ” ; in 1804, of “ Edward Dawkins” [rector, 1793 to 1811] ;
in 1808, of “W. Ryves, Curate”; and in 1811, of “ Henry
Glossop ” [rector, 1811 to 1820].

The entries of baptisms from July 18th, 1779, to January 31st,
1793, inclusive, already recorded in register No. 2, are repeated in
this book, with the addition of the mothers’ maiden names, and
other occasional information.

The fourth book is a register of marriages, which are recorded in
the printed forms required by the Act of 1758. It is of folio size,
of paper, in a stiff vellum cover, and contains those from 1754 to
1812 inclusive. It contains the signatures of “ Edmund Yalden”
[rector 1754 to 1761}; “Jobn Ray” [rector 1761 to 1779];
« William Gomm” [rector 1779 to 1793]; “ Edward Daw-
kins” [rector 1793 to 1811]; ‘“ Henry Glossop” [rector 1711
to 1820]; and of numerous curates, whose names will be seen
on reference to p. 282, and who, succeeding each other with much
rapidity, can hardly have been, all of them, dond fide curates of the
parish. Upon the first page occurs the signature of “ Gilbert
White,” the well-known author of “ The History of Selborne,” who
was, for a short time, curate here to his relative, the Rev. Edmund
Yalden.

The fifth,’ sixth, and seventh registers are the ordinary paper
vellum-bound folios provided in accordance with the Act of 1812,
and still in use, with the exception of that for marriages, which
was superseded in 1836 by the cloth-bound oblong-folio duplicate

1 The three last entries of baptisms in book No. 3 are repeated at the beginning
of book No. 5.
XY 2

306 Collections for a History of West Dean.

forms at present employed. These books contain the signatures of
“Henry Glossop” [rector, as aforesaid, from 1811 to 1820]; of
“William Heath” [rector from 1820 to 1839]; of “ Francis
Glossop” [rector from 1839 to 1860]; of “G. G. P. Glossop”
[rector from 1860 to 1865]; and of “ George S. Master” [rector
from 1865 to 1885] ; also of several eurates, some of whom, as will
be seen, by the list on p. 282, were in sole charge of the parish,
during the rector’s absence, for considerable periods.

The Christian names “ Infidence,” 1683 ; “ Hazelelponi,” [I.
Chron, iv., 3,] 1858; “ Pawtona,” 1871; “Shannon,” 1876;
* Dulcie,” and “ Cassie,”’? 1884; and the surnames “ Fiander,”
1794; “ Nippress,’ 1803; ‘ Occamoors, 1514; “ Flasket,”
“Sinatt,” “ Belbin,” and “ Kertcher,” 1818, &c., may be noted as
curious.

The following are extracts from the registers. Those underlined
are from the copies at Salisbury.

Families of Evelyn and Pierrepont, &c. :—
Baptisms.
1629. Nov. 2, Elizabeth, d. of Sir John Tirell Knight.”
“1661. Aug. 13, Gartred, d. of Robert Pearpoynt Esquire.”’
“1663. Sept. 10, William, son of Robert Pierepoynt Esquire and Elizabeth.”
“1665. Feb. 27th, Evlyn, son of Robert Pierrepoynt Esquire, and Elizabeth.’’

Marriages,
‘©1624. Dec. 14, John Tirell Esquire and Mrs. Evylin.”
1661. Aug. 25, Sir John Ray, Knight, and Mrs. Sarah Evelyn.”

Burials.

“1625. May 15, Mrs. Elizabeth Evylin, wife of John Evylin Esquire.”’

“1629. Feb. 8, The Lady Tirell.”

1629. Mar. 9, Richard 1 Cockes.”

1635. Jan. 21, George Evelyn armiger.”
“1665. Aug. 21, Mrs. Elizabeth Perrepoint, d. of Robt. Perrepont Esquire.”
“1685, June 29, The Honble S'. John Evelyn.”

©1698. Jan. 4, The Honble. Eliza: Pierrepont.”

Family of Whitehead :—

Baptisms.
1540. Dec. 21, Richard s. of Augustine.”
“1542, April 24th, William, s. of do.”

=

By the Rev. G. 8. Master. 807

"1543. Jan. 14, Ana, d. of do.”

“1545. Aug. 20, Edward s. of do.”

“1547. Ap. 9, Maria, d. of do.”

“1548. Mar. 4, Jane, d. of Master Augustine.”
“1551. Nov. 1, Gyllys, s. of Austen ”

“1553. Oct. 27, Elizabeth, d. of Master Austen.”
“1555. Ap. 4, Thomas. s. of do.”

1562. Sept. 19, Helenor, d. of Mr. Rychard and Mrs. Crystyan.”
“1574. Sept. 8, Master Henry, s. of do. and do.”
“1576. Aug. 7, Mystres Elizabeth, d. of do. and do.”
1599. Mar. 8, Henrie, s. of Mr. Henerie.”

Burials.
1545. Sept. 4, Edward, s. of Augustine.”
“1545. Feb, 28, Richard.”
“1595. July 3rd, Gyles, s. of Master Austen.”
“1556. Mar. 6, Master Augustine, gentleman.”
“1598. May 22, Richard, Esquire.”
**1600. May 2, Henrie, s. of Mr. Henrie.”

Family of Thistlethwayte:—

Baptisms.
“1552. July 7, Elizabeth, d. of Lenarde.”
4 ** 1554, Jan. 9, Dorothye, d. of John.”
1556. Aug. 4, Mare, d. of Master John.”
“1557. Dec. 5, Andrew, s. of John.”
1567. Ap. 20, Robert, s. of John and Alys.”
“1739. Oct. 14, John, s. of John” [and Elizabeth Moody—base-born].
, “1750. Ap. 22, James, s. of John and Elizabeth.”
©1752, June 17, Mary, d. of do. and do.”
1755. June 30, John, s. of do. and do.”
“1778. April 17, John, s. do. and do.”
“1780. Nov. 2, Harriet, d. of do. and do.” [formerly Slade].
“1782. Aug. 30, James, s. of do. and do.”
“1785. May 18, Mary Anne, d. of do. and do.”
“1787. Sept. 29, Ann, d. of do. and do.”
Marriages.
“1554. Sept. 14, John, and Alys Androws.”
“1576. July 30, Mystres Dorothee and Master John Stansbye.”
“1589. May 29, Mystrys Jone (Wydow) and Mr, W™. Stockman.
“1754. July 3rd, The Reverend Mr. Robert, of Broughton, Hants, and Anne
Bathurst, of West Dene.”

308 Collections for a History of West Dean.

“1777, Feb. 9. John, and Elizabeth Slade of Fisherton Delamere.”’
“1817. Aug. 7, Tabitha, and Joseph Stephenson of 8. Thomas, Salisbury.”

Burials.
“1552. July 17, Elizabeth, d. of Lenarde.”
“1568. July 16, Robert.”
“1571. Jan. 17, Mystres Mary, d. of Master John and Mystres Alys.”
“1578. May 24, Ales, wife of Mr. John.”
“1661. Oct. 16, Edward.”
1686. Ap. 15, Cecilia, widow.”
“1731. Mar. 18, Edward.”
“1786, Aug. 27, Elizabeth (formerly Hill) wife of John, et. WO
“1786. Oct. 14, John, widower of the above Elizabeth, et. ra
“1824, June 16, Elizabeth, et. 73.”
“1831. July 7, John, zt. 76.”
“1835. Jan. 18, James, et. 84.”

Miscellaneous :—

Baptisms.
“1577. May 3, Mystres Chrystyan, d. of Master John and Mystres Dorothee
Standesbye.”
“1578. Oct. 2, John, s. of John Standesbye.”
“1579. Sept. 16, Robert, s. of do.”
“1580. Jan. 1, John, s. of do.”
“ 1583. Mar. 22nd, Elizabeth, d. of do.”
©1597. Feb. 26, William, s. of Jacobe Case, Curat of this Parish.”
_* 1600. Sept. 18, George, s. of Albyne Willoby.”
“1635. Oct. 13, Elizabeth, d. of Samuel Quintin (Clerk) and Maria.”
“1636. Mar. 16, Susanna, d. of Matthew Nicholas (Clerke) and Elizabeth.”
“1661. Oct. 9, Elizabeth, d. of John Newham.”
1665. Feb. 9, Johns. of John Newham (Clerke) and Kathrine.”
“1667. Sept. 6, Ralph, s. of do. and do.”
“1668. Mar. 14, Robert, s. of do. and do.”
“1717. May 20, Leonora Maria, d. of Peter Bathurst Esquire and Leonora
his wife, at Clarendon.”
*©1719. Ap. 5, Lionell Wimbledon, bastard s. of Lionell Wimbledon and
Alice Mersh.”

“1722. May 3, Evelyn Charles, s. of Abraham ffrancke, minist i
parish and Blizabeth his wife.” Rema

“1780. June 30, Mary Charlotte, d. of William Gomm, and Elizabeth
(formerly Wykes).”
“1781. Aug. 19, Mary Ann, d. of do. and do.”

re

— ee ee) ee

’
oii

By the Rev. G. 8. Master, 809

“1782. Oct. 10, Selina, d. of do. and do.”

“1784. Mar. 15, James-Alexander, s. of do. and do.”

“1785. May 12, Robert-Lionel, s. of do. and do.”

“1785, Aug. 17, William Maynard,* s. of William Gomm, Capt. 65 Reg. of
Foot and of Mary-Alleyne his wife (formerly Maynard of the Island of Barbadoes)
Born at Barbadoes the 10th of last November.”

“1786. Aug. 17, Catherine d. of William Gomm and Elizabeth (olim Wykes).”

“1790, Jan. 19, George, s. of do. and do.”

“1793. July 28, Charlotte )twin ds. of the Honble John Douglas and

Emily Frances (formerly Lascelles).”

“1794, Nov. 12, Emma Elizabeth, d. of do. and do.”

“1815. July 25, Francis-Henry-Newland, s. of Henry Glossop (Clerk) and
Charlotte.”

“1816. June 19, John-James, s. of do. and do.”

“1818. Mar. 27, Maria Caroline, d. of do. and do.”

“1824. Ap. 11, Juliana, d. of the Rev. Erasmus Henry Griffies Williams
and Caroline.”’

“1832. Ap. 17, Maria-Charlotte, d. of Edward Arney (Clerk) and Maria.”

“1833. Dec. 8, Edward-Trevor, s. of do. and do.”

“1863. Sept. 6, Mary-Eliza, d. of George Goodwin Pownall Glossop (Clerk)
and Eliza-Maria.” :

“1864, Aug. 28, Charles Henry James, s. of do. and do.”

1871. May 21, Lucy-Jane-Caroline, d. of William Leigh Williamson Eyre
(Clerk) and Caroline Emma.”

Marriages.

“1596. Aug. 3, Jacobe Case, Curat, and Alice Hobbes.”

“1710. Ap. 18, Gabriell Owen of Spetsbury, Cler, and Mrs. Anne Case of
§. Edmund’s, Sarum.”

“1714. Mar. 14. John Hancock of Farley, Esq. and Mrs. Ann Goddard of
Lockerley, in East-Grimstead Chappel by Mr. Shepherd Curate of East Deane.”

“1725. Nov. 9, The Rev‘. Thomes Hooper, minister of Wimborne St. Giles
in Dorsett, and Mrs. Rebecca Martin of the Close in Sarum, widow, with Licence.”

“1738. Feb. 1. Robert Hipsley Esqr*. and Mary Gore, both of Sarum by
licence.”

“1741. Aug. 4, Mr. Peter Rook of Bremour and Mrs. Beatrix Sterne, West
Dean.”

“1755. Nov. 30, Sir John Elwill Bart of Egham Surrey and the Rt Honble
Selina Dowager Lady Ranelagh of West Dene.”

“1815. Mar. 9. George Bythesea and Mary Glossop.”

“1870. July 14, William Leigh Williamson Eyre (Clerk) and Caroline Emma
Hunt.”

* Field-Marshall Sir W, M. Gomm, G.C.b., Constable of the Tower, ob. 1875, wt. 91.

310: Collections for a History of West Dean.

Burials.

“1556. June 1, Master Kyrkebe, the psone of West Dean.”

“1557. Nov. 30, Master Wylliam Richardson, parson.”

“1562. Ap. 9, Master George James.”
__ “1628. June 29. Mr. Heliar.”’

“1666. Aug. 4, Mrs. Ellen Temprstway.”

“1666. Nov. 4, Mr. Henery Kelsey.”

“1682. Aug. 29, Mrs. Fra: Kelsey.”

“1691. Jan. 22, Alice, d. of Mr. Wimbleton.”

“1698, Jan. 2, Eliza, d. of Walter Sloper.”

“1700. Oct. 16, Mrs. Anne, wife of Mr. Sloper, Rector.”

“©1727. Mar. 19, The Rev‘. Nathaniel Franke, M.A.”

“1733. Sept. 6. Abraham Franke, D.D.”
_ 1733. Sept. 8, The Honble Mrs. Juliana Byron.”

“1745. Feb. 10, Mr. Bennett of East- Grimstead.’”
+1746. Nov. 26, the Rt. Honble the Lady Ranelagh.

©1780. Sept. 22, Mary Charlotte, d. of the Rev’, William and Elizabeth
Gomm, Inf.”

“1781. Feb. 18, The Rt. Honble Lady Ranelagh, d. of Peter Bathurst and
Lady Selina (formerly Shirley) his wife, zt. 60.”

‘©1788. Dec. 3, (Susanna Dyer, a young lady who died at Major-General
Batburst’s at Clarendon Park of consumption, xt. 22.”

©1790. Jan. 22, George, s. of the Rev? William and Elizabeth Gomm, inf.”

1797. July 3, Henrietta Havers, one of the ladys in the convent, d. of
Thomas Havers of Thelstone Hall Norfolk and Catherine formerly Dutry, xt. 23.”

“1797. Dec. 14, Elizabeth Trant, one of the ladies in the convent, d. of
William Trant and Mary olim Taylor of Antigua, xt. 30.

“1798. Jan. 1, Mary Lynch, one of the ladies in the convent, d. of Isidore
Lynch of Cork and Judith olim Meade of Monserrat, zt. 41.

1832. Aug. 15, Jane Griffenhoofe, et. 72.”

“1838. Jan. 9, Georgiana Sarah Brown, Rectory, West Dean, xt. 22.”

“1860. Ap. 20, Francis Glossop, Rector, et. 73.”

“1884. May 30, Louisa, widow of the Rev. Francis Glossop, ext. 97.””

BENEFACTIONS.

Sir John Evelyn of West Dean in the county of Wilts, Knight,
by codicil, dated March 2, 1684, to his last will, charged upon his
manor of West Dean, amongst other benefactions, the annual
payment, on S. Thomas’s Day, of eight pounds to the poor of the
tything of West Dean, and four pounds to the poor of East Grim-
stead, to be distributed in money, food, clothing, or other pro-
visions, at the discretion of the lord of the manor for the time

By the Rev. G. 8. Master. Bll

being. The amount is now expended in coals at the former, in
money at the latter place.

Edward Thistlethwayte, of West Deane in the county of South-
ampton, gentleman, by his last will, dated Oct. 27th, 1730, be-
queathed a messuage and land at East Grimstead to the minister,
churchwardens, and overseers of the parish of West Dean, the rent,
after deductions for rates, taxes, and repairs, to be equally divided
between the poor of the two parishes not receiving parish relief,
The property now consists of a cottage, barn, and 11a. lr. lp. of
land, let to Mr. Thomas Gay at the rent of £23 per annum, which
is distributed in money on S. Thomas’s Day,

Thomas Baring, of Norman Court, Esq., M.P., who died No-
vember, 1873, charged upon his estates, by his last will, amongst
other benefactions, an annual payment to the Rector of West Dean
of £40 for school purposes, and £20 for the relief of the poor of this
parish ; which amounts, paid by the lord of the manor for the time
being, are disbursed in accordance with the terms of the bequest.

A meadow at East Grimstead, known as Church-mead, measuring
la. lr. lp.—the donor of which is unknown—is held by the
churchwardens for parish purposes, and its rent—now £2 per annum
—is carried to their account.

The churchwardens’ book dates only from 1815. No older one
is to be found. The entries are not of much interest. Head-money
for vermin and sparrows was paid, to the amount of £3 or £4 per
annum, until 1850.

The following list of churchwardens is the best I am able to
supply :—

1553. Richard Andrewes, John Drew.
1622. John Yeomans, Edward Ree.

1624. John Franklin, Thomas Dennis.
1625. Thomas Dennis, John Dennis.
1628. Alexander Thomas, Thomas Roe.
1631. William Parsons, Augustine Marsh.
1632. Augustine Marsh, Henry Futcher.
1633. Henry Futcher, Robert Bacon.
1635. John Roe, Richard Terry.

312 Collections for a History of West Dean.

1663.
1665.
1667.
1668.
1671.
1673.
1674.
1710.

WANG

1718.
1722.
1724,
1727.
1728.
1730.
1738.
1740.
1741.
1749.
1803.
1815.
1822.
1825.
1837.
1838.
1839.
1842.
1844.
1847.
1854.
1855.
1876.

Thomas Denys, William Roe.
Michael Dows, John Morris.
John Morris, Henry Futcher.
Henry Futcher, Edward Hinxman.
Richard Atkins, John Roe.
Edward Thistlethwayte, John Horoway.
John Roe, Alexander Bennett.
John Twing.

James Chubb, Richard Froud.
Richard Emmot.

James Chubb, Walter Morris.
John Brooke, Samuel Reeves.
John Cooper, Henry Beard.
Henry Beard, Edward Hinxman.
Samuel, Reeves, Henry Beard.
John Cooper, Robert Dowse.
Nicholas Maton.

John Whitlock, John Coster.
John Coster, Phillip Emmot.
John Brownjohn.

Thomas Brooke, William Gray.
Thomas Brooke, Isaac Futcher.
John Parsons, William Gray.
James Feltham, William Sutton.

Ditto Richard Cooper.
Ditto Samuel Gray.
William Burt, Richard Cooper.

James Beauchamp, Samuel Gray.

William Beachamp, Ditto

Edward George. Wansborough, Thomas Gay.
John Crook Ditto
Henry Lawrence Ditto

The names of fields and woods recorded in the tithe apportion-
ment are mainly derived from acreage or situation: some thirty or
more from the surnames of former occupiers. From the rest I
select the following :—

——

By the Rev. G. 8. Master. 313

All Hallon

Bannage, Great and Little.

Berry field
Bound-tree piece
Bournehill

Castle Hill
Chalkberry

Colvis

Coalpits Coppice
Coneygre

Fine Wood.

Frith, Upper
Gibbett Field
Greaton

Hatchett Close.
Hermitage Coppice
High Ham Clump
Hollyflower.

Howe Close and Coppice.

Hooping Oak Coppice.
King’s Hill.

Lady Croft.

Lodge Grounds.

Mapleway Dean Coppice.

Marvellon
Moonlight Piece.
Nodes.

Oat Close.

Palm Mead.
Pegsbrook.
Penning, East and West
Pheru Coppice
Picket Common
Pilgrim’s Croft,
Prims Ham.
Prior’s Coppice

Site of destroyed Church of All Saints.

Bere-feld ; Saxon, cornfield.
Boundary tree.

Hill of the dry water course.
Site of British Camp.
Chalky field.

Culver Close.

Cold Piece.

Rabbit warren.

Heath land.
Site of a gibbet

Great one?

Site of hermitage P
Home?

Maer-field, boundary field.

Wood Close ?

Fold yard.
Fenny, foeniht, Saxon ?
Peaked.

Prior of Ivychurch ?

314 Collections for a History of West Dean.

Redman Gore Coppice Redman’s angular wood ?
Rail Common.
Rowley Marsh Rough Leigh.

Talk Woods.

Three Sisters Coppice.

Tine Pit.

Wire Close Weir?
Zellwoods.

There were ancient May-poles in West Dean and East Grimstead :
that at the former place is still standing (I find it marked in a
map made in 1791), that at East Grimstead fell a year or two ago,
and no one has thought it worth while to re-erect it, which is a
pity, as the May-Day festivities were maintained as long as it
lasted.

An eight-pound cannon-ball, found buried in a farmyard in the
centre of the village, and now in my parochial museum, may not
improbably be a relic of the Civil War of 1642-5. That there is
reason for this conjecture, I adduce the following from ‘ Civil War
in Hants, 1642-5, by the Rev. G. N. Godwin ”—to whose courtesy
I am indebted for calling my attention to the matter. At p. 198,
after recording a defeat of the Cavaliers at Salisbury, December 5th,
1644, by a troop of Colonel Ludlow’s horse, under Major Duet
(Dewett), and a troop of Colonel Morton’s horse, under Major
Wansey (Weinsford), he proceeds :—“ Elated with success the
victors retired with eighty prisoners to Southampton by way of
Dean House, which was the home of Sir John Evelyn. Major
Wansey had here found such good quarters that he neither cared to
give up possession to the lawful owner, nor to take the field at the
bidding of Colonel Ludlow. Ludlow, therefore, marched to aid in
the relief of Taunton at the head of two hundred horse, leaving the
gallant major to take his ease at Dean House.”

The country between Salisbury and Romsey was the scene of
frequent skirmishes. In November, 1644, General Lord Goring
was sent by the King with three thousand horse, one thousand five
hundred foot, and a train of artillery through Hants to Salis-
bury, and on January 17th, 1645, was “at Whiteparish and the

—————

By the Rev. G. 8. Muster. 315

neighbouring villages. Clarendon says that he was forced to retire
to Salisbury, where his horse committed the same horrid outrages
and barbarities as they had done in Hampshire” (p. 203).

A letter written at Salisbury, March 28th, complained that “ the
Winchester horse do much mischief not only in Somborne and
Thorngate Hundreds in Hants, but even as far as Alderbury,
carrying off as prisoners divers honest godly men. During the last
week they came to Winterslow, where they met a mounted carrier,
a godly honest countryman, who had also a baggage-horse, and two
men rid with him. They marched up to the amazed travellers, and
captured the carrier’s horses and his two companions, but he himself,
for he hath formerly tasted of their cruelty, escaped into Buckholt
forest” (p. 206).

The year 1830 was a period of severe distress amongst the
agricultural labourers of this neighbourhood—the low rate of wages
bearing with much severity upon them. Induced to believe that
the introduction of machinery had an injurious effect upon their
interests, they were guilty of serious rioting, their animosity being
especially directed against threshing-machines, the old-fashioned
ones worked hy horse-power, then in use, and intimidation, ex-
tortion, arson, robbery, and destruction of machinery, were rife in
the counties of Wilts and Hants. So serious was the outbreak
that a special winter assize was holden at Winchester for the trial
of the numerous prisoners who were in custody for these and other
similar offences, on the 20th of December and eight following days ;
Mr. Baron Vaughan, Mr. Justice Alderson, and Mr. Justice Parke
sitting as judges; the Duke of Wellington, the Rt. Hon. William
Sturges Bourne, and Richard Pollen, Esq., as commissioners.

Among the ringleaders of the mob was John Thomas Cooper, a
native of East Grimstead, a farm-servant, 30 years of age, who,
having assumed the soubriquet of “ Captain Hunt,” and being con-
victed of inciting a riotous assemblage of two hundred persons to
destroy a hemp and sack-making factory at Fordingbridge, and of
other similer outrages, was sentenced to death, and hung at Win-
chester, his body being surrendered to his relatives for burial at
West Dean, January 21st, 1831, where, however, his gravestone

316 Collections for a History of West Dean.

bears the perhaps purposely erroneous date of 18380. The robbery
of Sir Thomas Baring’s steward at Stratton, the destruction of the
Messrs. Tasker’s foundry near Andover, the robbery of the Rev.
Sir Henry Rivers, Bart., at Martyr Worthy, the assault upon
William Bingham Baring, Esq., with a sledge hammer at Nor-
thington, were among the more prominent offences tried at Win-
chester—while the intimidation and extortion of money by a tu-
multuous mob from Lady Goldsmid, at East Tytherley House, and
sundry outrages committed upon the property of Mr. Baring Wall,
of Norman Court, were condoned by the prosecutors ; who declined
to appear against their perpetrators. At the winter assize six
prisoners were left for execution, and ninety-five had sentence of
death recorded against them, and were transported or imprisoned

for various terms.

[The Committee desires to acknowledge its obligations to Mr. Master
Jor his liberality in defraying the cost of the plan which accom-
panies this paper.|

317

By the Rev. G. 8. Master.

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318

CHiltshire Chantry Furniture.
wc HE following document, found among the papers belonging
to Miss Chafyn Grove, of Zeals House, near Mere, is
dated 15th June, 1548.
The sale of all furniture belonging to the chantry chapels was
ordered at the instigation of John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland ;
and, judging from two inventories of Wiltshire chantries that are

preserved, some of the dresses, service books, and plate must have
been costly and curious. Those two are, Ist, a list of the articles
in Swayne’s Chantry, in St. Thomas’s Church, Salisbury, printed
in Hatcher and Benson, p. 264; and 2nd, a list of those in the
Hungerford Chapel, in Salisbury Cathedral, printed in the Wiltshire
Archaeological Magazine, vol. xi., p. 334. All contained in the fol-
- lowing list were purchased in one lot by Thomas Chafyn, of Mere,
who had bought the lands of the Berkeley Chantry in Mere Church ;
and it is evident, from the inferior quality and condition of the
articles described in it, that those of a more valuable kind, not only
in the two chantries above-mentioned, but probably in many others
also, had been previously selected and disposed of in some different
way. ‘There were many other chantry chapels in Wilts besides
those mentioned in this list.
For easier reference an alphabetical list of parishes is prefixed.

J. E. Jackson.

No.

ALBOURNE. Fraternity 35
ALTON. Free chapel 15
Brabrorb. Horton’s Chantry 25
ae { St. Mary Magdalen Chantry 23
Our Lady’s do. 24

St. John Baptist’s Chantry 28

Onur} Our Lady’s 29
St. Katharine’s Fraternity 26

Wiltshire Chantry Furniture.

Devizes. |

ENFORD.
Escote.
Ma.LMESBURY.

Westley’s

St. Leonard’s Chantry in St. John’s Church
Our Lady the Virgin’s in
The Free Chapel of St. John in the Devizes

Chantry

Free Chapel in Urchfont

Martzorovuen St. ¢ Jesus Service
Pyrer’s Cuurcn, ‘Our Lady’s do.

Mere.
NorRiDGE.
Norru Brabtey.

Chantry

( CATHEDRAL.

L

St. Epmunp’s
Cxuurcu.

SALISBURY.

St. THomas’s
CHURCH.

Free chapel

Audley’s, Bp.
Beauchamp’s, Bp.
Blounsdon’s, R.
Bridport’s, Bp. Giles
Cloune’s, Robert
Hulse’s, Andrew
Hungerford’s, Walter
55 Robert
Waltham’s, Bishop

Tidworth Chantry
Weavers’ Fraternity

Godmanstone’s Chantry
Swayne’s do.
Taylors’ Fraternity
Warwick’s Chantry

SHALBOURNE, Free chapel
Brotherhood
TROWBRIDGE.
Chantry

do.

The Countie The Inventorye of all such goods and ornaments as

of Wiltshire

dyd appertayne to all the Chauntries, Free

Chapels Guildes and Fraternytyes, within the
said Countie, viz :

VOL. XXII.—NO,. LXVI.

320

hese 8
Chauntrye
yn Saynt
Thomas
Paryshe

War an 8
Chauntrye
in Saynt
Thomas
parishe

3.
Godmanston’s
Chauntre
in Saynt
Thomas
parishe

Wiltshire Chantry Furniture.

Imprimis.
Ttem.

Imprimis.
Item.

”

( Imprimis.,

Item.

IG ”

® A fronter was the hanging cloth, of whatever stuff, in front of the altar: frequently decorated

A sute of vestements with a cope of )
blacke damaske, with Frounters * of
Venys gold.f

An Aulter cloth of red Bodkyn with
curteynes of old red Sarsenett. 1

A payre of vestements of grene velvett.

Another vestement of white damaske.

A vestement of blewe bodkyn{ enbro- , s. d.
dered with gold.

A vestement of white Dornyx.§

A Masse-boke of parchement.

Two Cruetts of pewter, two basyns of
pewter, two candellstyks of lattyn,

Two corporas cases, th’one of old
black velvett, th’other of whyte sarse-
nett, a frounter of red silke dornyx. ‘{

A chalyce of silver parcell gylte wayinge )
xl ownces

A vestement of white damaske.

A vestemente of olde redd dornyx.

One olde corporas case.

Two old blacke frounters of sarsenett.

A bason of brasse.

ij brasse potts and a chaffer, ij brasse
pannes, ij candelstyks of latten.

A vestement of olde grene dornyx, with-
out albe or amysse.

iij peces of pewter vessell.

ownces.
Another Chalyce of Sylver parcell gylte
wayinge xi ownces and an halfe.
ij cruetts of sylver waying viii ownces.
One payre of vestementes ofRedddamaske.
A payre of vestementes of olde redd sylke.
A payre of vestementes of white damaske.
A vestement of olde dornyx.
Another of dornyx.
A horne Typped with sylver and gylte.
ij olde aulter clothes.

J
a Chalyce of Silver gylte weying 7

with the Arms of the donor in rich embroidery.

+ Venice gold was in great request so early as the coronation of Richard III.

at xxxs the pound in 1502 (F. Madden).

The fringe was sold

¢ Bodkyn, more correctly baudkin, was ‘‘a rich and precious species of stuff, introduced into
England in the thirteenth century. It is said to have beencomposed of silk interwoven with threads
of gold in a most sumptuous manner. According to Douce it means tissue of gold” (Halliwell’s
Dictionary).

3 Dornyx, sometimes written ‘darnex,’’ or ‘‘dornex,’’ ‘*A sort of damask used for carpets,
curtains, &e , originally manufactured at Tournay, called in Flemish dornick. Spelt dorness in
Cunningham’s Revels Account, p 215. It was composed of different kinds of material, sometimes of
worsted, silk, wool, or thread. Perhaps darnak, ‘‘a thick hedge-glove,” is connected with this
term. In Northumberland darnick is linsey-wolsey ’’ (Halliwell).

ues

Sold by the Crown Officers in 2 Edward VI. 321

( Imprimis, a vestment of Dornyx. )
| Item, an aulter clothe of Canvase paynted,
- A vestment of bodkyn.
= An aulter clothe of coarse diaper.
ss A vestment of branched Bokeram blacke.
+ An aulter clothe with a hanginge of can-
| vase paynted.
¥ A vestment of blew worsted, with
swannes.
4. a A vestment of grene worsted braunched
The Fraternite with redd velvett.
of Taylors » A hanging of paynted canvase.
fyndynge 55 ij aulter clothes, th’one dyaper, th’other }
in Saynt plane.
Thomas 9 A border of white satten a bruges + with
parish a frenge of sylke.
% A masse boke, ij cruetts of tynne, ij
corporas cases with a Pax of glasse and
Sold to Mr. a towell of lockeram.{
ope m A chalyce perteynynge to the same whych
was sold to Robert Gryffythe at the
Feaste of All Saynts last past for xl*
and bestowed upon Reparations of the
lands perteynynge to the said Chaun- *,
t terye as he saythe.

Chauntry olde aulter clothes of lynnyn,ij cruetts d.
in Saynt of tynye, iij candellstyks of lattyn, a xv
_ Edmund’s mass boke prynted.

5.
Tudworthes ae A payre of vestments of grene dornyx iij
parish [

( Imprimis. A Chalyce gylte waynge xv ownces yn
6 the same 1j ownces of lead.

The Frater- | Ztem, another Chalyce gylt wayeing xiiij ownces.
nyte of the ” A pair of vestments of blew velvett, a d
Weyvors {- et of old vestments of dornyxe, ij > :: =::
in Saynt rounters of blake taffeta very olde, | “J:
Edmundes A frounter of stayned clothe, ij cruetts
parish of tynne and an olde masse boke of

L paper.

*Swans. The device of some benefactor.
+ ‘A bruges.” Thisseems to mean satin made at the town of Bruges, in Flanders.

+ Lokeram; probably the same as bokeram, or buckram,

z 2

322 Wiltshire Chantry Furniture.

( Imprimis. A Chalyce of silver waying viij ownces. }
Item, ij corporas cases with ij clothes, one aulter
clothe of lynnen, a Pax of every
[ivory] ij masse bokes, ij lytel can-
dellstyks of brasse, 1] cruetts of tynne.

> An hangynge for the aulter of red bodkyn
and a vestment of the same.
Fp An hangynge with a vestment of blewe
bodkyn.
7, 55 A vestment of motlye velvett and gold.

Lord Walter ” A hangynge of motlye bodkyn.

Hungerford’s F A vestment of braunched velvet of dy-
Chauntrys verse colors with a hangynge to the | s. d.
An owe same. xii. iii

eee ne » A vestment of white bodkyn lacking an :
of Samu albe, with two Altar clothes to the
same.
= A vestment of blacke braunched velvet
and ij aultar clothes of the same.
3s A vestment of sarsnett for Lent with an
hangynge to the same.
¢ ij sylke Kussyans, th’one of grene, th’
other of red.
ii olde Pe the one yalowe the other
redd.
ls 3 A great portes.*

( Imprimis, A chalyce wayinge xv ownces and a half.
Item, Another chalyce parcell gylt and wayeng xiij
ownces and a ha

i A payre of candelstyks of sylver gylte
waynge a Cv ownces

5, Another payre of candelstyks of sylver
parcell gylte wayinge two and fyftye
ownces.

rf A sylver bell wayenge V° and a half.

= A pax of sylver parcell gylt wayeng ij
ownees and a half.

3 Two cruetts of silver parcell gylt wayeng

xlilj ownces.

Two altar cloths of white velvett em-
brodered with a border and fronters
of red tyssue

. A vestment of white velvet lykewyse
embrodered.

5 An aulter clothe of white damaske with
vestments and all thyngs therunto
belongyng.

p A vestment of blewe damaske with iij
fronters and all thyngs therunto
belongyng.

rn

CT

* Portasse : a breviary.

8.
Robart
Hungerford
Chauntre
in our Lady
Churche
of Sarum

9.
Bysshoppe
Gyles
Chauntre
in Our
Lady Chureh
of Sarum

10.
Andrewe
Holse’s

- Channtre

in our Lady

Churche of
Sarum.

>

Sold by the Crown Officers in 2 Edward VI.

a

4

( Imprimis.

|
L

Imprimis.

Item.

”

”

Item.

A vestment of redd sarsnett with froun-
ters to the same.

A vestment of olde blewe blacke and
whyte satten a brydges with frounters
of the same, olde and cowyrse.

A vestment of blacke damaske with
frounters of the same.

A vestment of redd satten a bridges.

Two cruetts of tynne, ij candelstycks of
latten, ij old wryten masse bokes, one
Processioner.

Five corporas cases, j blewe, ij redd, j
blake and j whyte, with the corpo-
rasses to the same.

Two Kussyans, th’one side moteley vel-
vett the other blake velvet old and
cowrse

One old kussyan of blacke sarsnett, torne.

Two old carpetts and ij old carpet Kus-
sens to knele upon:

Lytil remayneth yn Ready Monye for
the Washynge of the Aulter clothes:
and Repayryng of the Chappell, iij
angells and eyght groats.

One old vestmeut of blake damaske em-
brodered.

Two fronters of blake sarsnett embro-
dered.

A white vestment of lynnyn for Lent,
with ij frounters for the same.

Two cruetts of sylver gylt weyenge xxij
ownces. :

A Chalyce of sylver gilt wayinge x
ownces.

Two cruetts of sylver waying VI. ownces.

1] payre of vestments, one of olde sylke
and the other of fustyan. \

A Masse boke.

Two Altar clothes, and one corporas case
with a clothe.

A Mannuall.

A Chalyce parcell gilt eying Vij ownces. }

A payre of vestments of olde red damaske.

Another vestment of olde red bodkyn.

An olde vestment of whyte satten a
bruges.

A vestment of old Dornyxe.

Four Altar clothes of lynnyn, Two cor-
porases and two cases.

A Pax of white bone, and a Cheste.

823

Cie: Fe

XXvj Vj

ij

Ve Vi

824 Wiltshire Chantry Furniture.

Ll. { Imprimis. A Chalyce gilt weying Xiij ownces.
Clowne’s Item. Two payre of olde vestments of dornyx
Chauntre with the Albes. s. d.
in our i Four other old vestments lacking the albes. { ij. vj
Lady Church ra A Masse-boke of parchement, Two cruetts |
of Sarum. of tynne, Two Cofers. pi
12. Imprimis. A Chalyce of sylver weying Xij ownces. )}
Blounsdons | Item. Four olde vestments of lyttle valewe wher-
Chantre of lackyth one albe and two amyces.
within Our a Three Corporasses with the Cases, of fa
Ladye lytel valewe. se:
Churche of A Masse-boke, ij cruetts, one of pewter
Sarum the other of glasse.
( Imprimis. A Chalyce of sylver parcell gilt, weying
ix ownces
13. Item. A Masse-boke of parchement, and a Portes.
Byshoppe e Three Aulter-clothes of lynnyn.
Waltham’s is A candell-styk of brasse
Chauntree ‘i A vestment of olde sylke bodkyn. s. d.
in Our Ladye » An other vestment of purple sattin a f{ xiij. ij
Churche of Bridges.
Sarum. 5 A vestment of olde torne grene bodkym.
“ Two cruetts of leade.
iy A Fronter of white fustyan.
‘5 A lytel latten candelstyke.
( Imprimis. A chalyce hole gilt waying xxx ownces.
Item, one payre of vestments of redd velvete.

14. 5s One payre of vestments of blake velvete.
Bysshoppe 2 One payre of vestments of white
Audeley’s damaske.

Chauntrye ” One Masse-boke covered with redd velvett a
in Our Lady and sylver clapsys. =
Churche of 7 A corporas case and iij clothes.
Sarum be Two peces of grene satten a bridges to
hang about the awlter.
+ A lynnyn clothe to leye upon the altar. J
( Imprimis. A Chalyce of Sylver parcell gilte weying )
xX ownces.

15. | Item. Two vestments, one of white fustyan the
The Free other of redd sylke. a
Chappell 4 4, A bell, and a lyttle hand-bell remayning $.6' “.

of Alton both in the churche yn the custodye | J*
| of Thomas Wellett.
7 Two altar-clothes of lynnyn.

* A Masse-boke. 3}

Sold by the Orown Officers in 2 Edward VI. $25

eg A Chalyce gylt wayeng xvi ownces. >

Item. A vestment of grene velvet braunched
with gold.

” A fronter of motleye velvet branched
with gold.

, ” A bratotind and ij frunters of Redd
ucham BrPSs0
a ” Two vestments and j fronter of blewe
withyn our bodkyn. 8.
Tadye Church ” A pact of whyte bodkynge, iij alter- f xxij
of Sarain | clothes, ij candelstyks of latten
| x — ont pyllowes of bodkyn and Dor-

op Two ata fronters of redd Bodkynge.

i Three corporas cases with ij clothes.

Ss Olde curteynes nothing worth.

’ i Two fronters of canvas paynted.
. A Masse-boke of parchmente.
Imprimis. A Chalyce of Sylver wayeng x ownces.
| Item. Two table-bords within the halle anda
: payre of tressells.

- A laver of*latten brasse with ij basyns of
laten.

= In the parler, a bord, a forme, ij tressells
and Cuppeborde.

55 In the butterye, an almerye, a whyche, *
ij tacks,f iii standardes for ale.

$3 Fyve platters, ij pottyngers, ilij sawsers.

hy In the larder house iij brasse pottes.

3 A broche, a dryppyng panne, a frying
panne, and a gredger [?], a tryvet,
an awndyar f and a cawdron.

s In the treasure house, a whyte vestment
with altar clothes and curteynes to
the same.

a A blacke vestment with altar-clothes and
curteynes to the same.

5 A tawnye vestment with altar clothes and
curteynes to the same.

Bs A vestment for Lent with altar-clothes

The -: ae and curteynes to the same. ea ie
in Mere % A blacke vestment with estridge fethers. | ]yxy.x.

Se A blewe vestment for every daye.

:; Two cofers, ii tacks to laye both upon.

¢ Certeyne bokes to studye, of no valewe.

a A masse-boke, a Portesse.

_ A payre of candelstyks of lattyn, ij cruetts
of tynne.

| ” A deske for the altar.

* Whyche: a chest (Halliwell).
+ Tack: apiece of board, used for a shelf, on which to lay bacon, &c.
+ Awnder—query, an andiron?

826 Wiltshire Chantry Furniture.

”

( Imprimis.
The Gina Item.
in the parish
of North

Bradley

of Norrege

Imprimis.

Item.
”
a?

The Grade
of Trowbridge

f
The a Imprimis.
es Item.
|:

( Imprimia.

Item.
21.
The ”
Brotherhood 3
of Trowbridge

A syge [seat] to syt yn.

A great cofer to put pokes and surplyces
in.

A payre of vestments of blewe velvet
with braunches of golde,and hangyngs
to the same, with : a cope.

A payre of vestments of blew velvett with
perle of gold, and hangyngs of grene
velvet, the whyche lye to pledge for
viij.4. vi.', viij.4, whych money was
bestowed upon the re-edifying of tbe
houses there after they were brent.

A payre of cruetts of sylver, the which
lyeth to pledge for xls.

A Chalyce of sylver waying viii ouncee. }
One old torn vestment of dornysse.

One altar cloth of no valewe.

One corporas with j old case.

One bell waying half a hundred.

One vestment of grene sylke with albe
and amys belonging to the same.
A bell waying xxvi pounds.

A payre of vestments of redd sylke.

Another payre, of grene sylke.

An other payre, of blacke chamlett un-
watered, with an orphens* of redd
velvett and braunches of golde.

Two aulter clothes, two corporas cases, a
payre of brasyn candellstyks and a
lyttle pyllowe covered with sylke. J;

A masse boke of parchment wrytten. |
r

viij. ij.

Two masse bokes, the one in prynte the
other wryten.

Two payre of vestments of partye
coloures.

Two corporas cases with two clothes. a.

Another clothe of dowlesse, and one old }.:-
cope of sylke.

Two curteynes of red sylke, a lyttle payre
of candelstyks of latten.

A clothe of sylke to hang before {the
aultar. —~

liij. iij.

TD

® Orfray: aurifrigium, fringe or border of gold. When embroidered with figures of saints
worked on it, it was worn by priests of the highest order. When used for Church furniture, the
arms or crests of founders were repeated (Nicolas)

Sold by the Orown Officers in 2 Edward VI. 327

22. Imprimis.
The Free Item.
Chappel
of Escotte
in the
parish of
Ursfont.

23. (
The Chauntre | L™primis.
of Mary Litem.
_ Magdalen
in the parishe
Churche
of Calne

Imprimis.
SS asi
The Chauntre | Item.
of Our Lady
the Virgin
in the parishe

”

Churche of
Calne
c Imprimis
Item
25. .
Horton’s 4 ea
Chauntry He
in Bradford
( Imprimis.
26.
The Fraterny-
tie of Item.
Saynt
Kateryn 5
yn Chyppen-
ham.

A chalyce of sylver waying vii ounces. |
A payre of vestments of Dornyx.
Two altar-clothes with hangings and

curteynes of stayned clothe. Pars
A pax of tre [7.e., wood] a masse boke, Ma
A bell wayeing with the clapper
xxiij! a
A chalyce of sylver parcell gylt weying . a
One vestment of grene dornyxe. |
One other of white fustyan. 8.
Two cruetts of tynne, amasse-boke, An r ts

altar clothe, two candellstyks of latten, |
A sacryng bell. J

A chalyce of sylver parcell gylt weying +
xii] ownces and a half.

An olde vestment of dornyxe.

A vestment of olde torne sylke.

One corporas with a case. s. d.

One aultar clothe of lynnyn. ij. v]

Two cruetts of tynne.

One masse-boke printyd.

Two candelstycks of latten. J

One sacryng bell.

A chalyce of sylver parcell gylt, a pax of >
sylver gylt, a payre of cruetts of
sylver parcell gilt waying in all xvij
ounces.

A fronter for the altar of satten a Bruges.

A fore frunte for the aultar, of bodkyn.

An over frunte for do. of do.

A payre of curteynes, of sarsenett.

A chesyble of redd sylke with all manner
of thyngs thereunto belonging.

A chesyble of redd saye with all the ap-
purtenances.

"
An olde chesyble, with do. |

xx iij. =

A payre of cruetts of tynne.
A corporas with the case of redd sattyn.
An altar clothe.

Two vestments, one of blewe velvet and )
the other of Dornyss, with the albes
and stoles thereunto belonging.

Two corporas cases with cloths there-
unto, and three altar clothes.

One chalyce doble gilt remayning yn the
hands of Nycholas Snell gentylman.

Seven Pieces of Evydence.

A chest, a cruett and a bell. 5

Xs

828

or Free
Chappell

Inprimis
The Ghatatey igs
4
of Shalborne &

28. ( Has
The Chauntry Imprimis.
of Saint John [
Baptist in Item.
Chippenham. |
Imprimis.
Item.
29.
Our nr
Lady Chaun- j
tre in 7
Chippenham
”
L
( Imprimis
30.
The Chauntre
of Saynt Item
Leonarde A
in Saynt

John’s Church “f
of the
Devyses +

31. Imprimis.

The Chantre

of Our Lady

the Virgin in
St. John’s
Church of

the Devyses

Item.

r Imprimis.
32. Item.

The Free

Chappel 20. 8

of Seynt D
John in the |

Devises L »

Wiltshire Chantry Furniture.

One chalyce of sylver parcell gilte, weying ~

x ownces.

One olde vestment of blewe Satten a |
brydges.

One olde altar clothe, two candelstyks.

One olde crosse of latten’

Two bells weying one hundred and a half

a peace, by estimation. J

A vestment of whyte fustian with the
albe. sd.
A white aultar clothe of lynnyn, a pax | 1: 1).
and a cruett of tynne,

A chalyce of sylver parcel gilt weying xy
ounces and iij quarternes.

A payre of vestments of branched velvet,
and amysse and albe.

One olde ragged vestment of grene rag-
ged sylk with an albe only.

An olde ragged blewe vestment with th’
appurtenances of little valewe.

Two corporas cases with ij clothes.

Two candelstyks.

One altar-cloth of dyaper, two cruetts J
and a sacryng bell.

8. .
xiij.viiJ

Three payre of vestments, wherof one of )}
dun sattyn, one other of sblewe Dor-
nysse, and the other of redd sylke.

Two candelstyks of latten.

Two fronters, one of satten a bruges,
and the other of canvas paynted.

One paynted clothe for the over-front of
the aulter.

One little Pax of copper, two cruetts of
pewter, a little sacryng bell, and two
corporas cases.

iiij

A payre of old vestments whereof one of }
redd damaske and one other of grene |.
sylke

One corporas case with a cloth—one can- ra
delstyk of latten—2 cruetts of lead— i i i
one auter-cloth of dyaper—and an
other of lynnyn. J

Two candelstyks—one corporas with a
case.

An old printed Mass-boke in paper.

An old ragged vestment of grene dor-
nysse—Three altar clothes.

A bell waying by estimacion X pounds

A chalyce of sylver weying xi ounces.
remainyng there. J

Sold by the Crown Officers im 2 Edward VI. 329

33. Imprimis. A masse-boke and payre of vestments of
Jesus grene satten a Bruges. a
Service in Item. One corporas case with cloth: 2 aulter }.%. .%*
Marlborough clothes—a payre of candlestyks, 2 Mis Te
[ paxes and a bell. j

Imprimis. A payre of vestments.

Item. A cloth to hang before the aultar, of
34. yelowe and redd saye.
Our Lady’s “ Two aultar cloths, the one dyaper, the
Service in other playne.
in Seynt ry Two paxes, the one of tymber and glasse, | s.
Peter’s the other of brasse. v. iiij
Church. 4A Two cruetts of tynne ; one corporas case
(Marlbo- of old blacke velvet; Two candelstyks
rough) of brasse.
ne One old vestment of whyte fustian, and
Two cloths of blewe satten.
35.
+ \ Imprimis. Two payre of vestments. t
ras achim pa. One aulter cloth, 2 corporasses with one Si. =
Albourne naa
36. Imprimis. A chalyce of sylver parcell gilt weying ,
Westley’s xii ounces. d.
Chantrye Item. A payre of vestments of white satten a ( xviij.
in Endford Bruges.

( Thomas Wodshawe iiij Kyne, xx pannes of lead and

37. one panne of brasse, iii Fats, iiij barrelles, a

Malmesbury ( whytys,* i peyle. iii kevers, and other vessellsfor ss.
brewing, praised at ....c.s...scseecosccsrcecnscessenecees Ix

Sum of all the premyses praysed by
diverse persons. xxi. xvi. vif

Examined by Laurence Hyde Deputy
Surveyor to Sir John Thynne Kt.

xxiij. li,
To be paid
all in hand,

Thomas Chaffyne to him for the
of Mere in Co SOME OF ....500ee000
Wilts.

XV. June 2. Edw. VI he premisses are sold
Wa: MitpMay
Rost. KeiLbway

Enrolled by
Thomas Bonell.

a ee ee ee eee eee
* A “ whytys” is probably the same as a “ whyche,” a cask, as mentioned above, No. 16, note 1.

- 3830

“Alotes on some Wiltshire Superstitions.”

By the Rev. Canon Epprup, Vicar of Bremhill.

Cae HB following notes of some Wiltshire superstitions which

have come under my own notice may be of interest to
some now, and perhaps, as years go by, useful to those who are
writing on the manners and customs of this age.

Finger Rings made of “ Sacrament Silver” to cure “ fits.’—As
far back as 1876 I received from the Vicar of Hilmarton (Canon
Goddard), a letter, of which the following is an extract :—“A
woman of this parish, wife of B.S., late of Bremhill, called on me
to-day and offered thirty pence for a ‘ sacrament half-crown,’ as she
called it, meaning a half-crown that had been offered at the Holy
Communion, for the purpose of curing her daughter of fits. As I
understood her, Mr, Eddrup let a young man of Bremhill have such
a half-crown, and he took it to a silversmith, who made thereof a
ring, which, having been placed upon his finger, forthwith his fits
departed, and have returned no more. What is the meaning of all
this? Have you ever heard of any such superstition at Bremhill?
It is new to me. Is this the way the Bremhill folk are cured of
aches and convulsions, is this their Fetish.”

A few days afterwards this woman sent the thirty pence to me,
through the hands of another woman working in this parish, hoping
to get the half crown sacrament money. The other part of the
story, about the young man who was cured of fits at Bremhill is a
good illustration of the way in which these “ miraculous” cures
come to be believed when they are in direct opposition to the facts
of the case. The story may, for all I know to the contrary, be still
believed in the neighbourhood. The young man, E. H., is still
living, and has got over his fits ; and many years ago, soon after I
eame to Bremhill, an old woman who cleaned out and dusted the
Church came to me with the thirty pence in order to obtain the

“ Notes on some Wiltshire Superstitions.” 331

sacrament half-crown, of which to make the ring. She begged
very hard that I would let her have it, and was much hurt at my
refusal, which she seemed to attribute partly to inhumanity and
partly to want of faith.

- Passing a child on the Ist of May at sunrise through a Maiden
Ash Tree, to cure rupture.—An old woman in this parish, J. W.,
who works at the vicarage, told me that her son, now a guard
on the Great Western Railway, and a little over thirty, was born
ruptured. When the child was nearly a year old her husband went
into the wood on the road between Calne and Chippenham, and
split a “ maiden ash” tree—a tree which had never been pruned—
about as thick as a broom stick, and tied it up again with withy.
The next day, May Ist, the child was passed at sunrise, with its
head towards the sun, through the tree, which was tied up again.
The tree grew well afterwards, and the child was cured of its
rupture. She mentioned several other children with whom this had
been done. It seems that if the tree does not thrive, the child is
not cured.

A boy in our school, now between ten and eleven years of age,
H. H., was, in like manner, on the lst of May, carried out ina
‘blanket, and at sunrise, with his face to the sun, passed through a
“maiden ash,” which his father had split and tied up the night
before. The parents had tried trusses, and sent the child to Bath
more than once. The ash tree grew well, but was cut down by
inadvertence when the wood was thinned three years ago. The
boy’s mother says that the rupture does not get better, and this she
attributes to the circumstance that the tree was cut down, “ It was
not giving us a fair chance.”

Many similar instances could, no doubt, be easily collected.
Gilbert White speaks of the belief in this curative power of the
ash as having been prevalent in the last century at Selborne, in
Hampshire. In his “ History of Selborne,” Letter Ixx., dated
1776, he says:— In a farm yard, near the middle of this village,
stands at this day a row of pollard-ashes, which, by the seams and
long cicatrices down their sides, manifestly show that in former
times they have heen cleft asunder. These trees when young and

332 “ Notes on some Wiltshire Superstitions.”

flexible were severed and held open by wedges, while ruptured
children, stripped naked, were pushed through the apertures, under
the persuasion that by such a process the poor babes would be cured
of their infirmity. As soon as the operation was over, the tree in
the suffering part was plastered with loam and carefully swathed up.
If the parts coalesced and soldered together, as usually fell out when
the feat was performed with any adroitness at all, the party was
cured; but where the cleft continued to gape, the operation, it was
supposed, would prove ineffectual. . . . . . We have several
persons now living in the village who in their childhood were sup-
posed to be healed by this superstitious ceremony, derived down
perhaps from our Saxon ancestors, who practised it before their con-
version to Christianity.” !

Cure of the “ Yaller Jarndice” at a distance without visiting
the sick man, without medicine, by inspection and burning of urine.
In 1876 an old man, lying ill with jaundice, sent up pretty regularly
for a month, a bottle of his urine to a man named E. S. of Spirthill,
about two miles off, who was, as this old man believed, able to cure
him, without seeing him or prescribing anything for him, by merely
looking at the urine, and doing “ something” toit. The old man
had several wonderful stories about persons, some of them medical
men, whom he believed this E. 8. had cured in a similar way.
This poor old man was mo¢ cured, and died soon afterwards. E. S.
is “out” when I call, but his wife bears testimony to her husband’s
possession of this miraculous power. He had cured a man at Calne
with whom the doctors could do nothing. His father and mother
before him could do it ; she could do it, if her husband were agreeable.

1T recollect just such a case occurring here (Old Park, Devizes), some fifty
years ago, when I was a boy; and I can still call to mind my father’s face,
partly of amusement and partly of indignation, when he came in and told us of
the young ash tree in a plantation which he had just seen carefully tied up, not
without a plastering of manure, and through which the naked child of one of the
labourers on the estate had been passed through at sunrise on a remarkably cold
spring morning. Whether the ash tree lived, and whether the child recovered, I
know not, for I cannot identify either the one or the other. [Ep.] See Maga-
zine, vol. Xiv., p. 323.

tail he tt i ee

By the Rev. Canon Eddrup. 333

If the sick persons had anything else the matter with them as well
as the “‘yaller jarndice” he could not do anything to cure them,
If he were to tell what he said or did the power would be lost. In
talking, however, to an elder brother of E. S., who had from time
to time noticed the thing going on, though he did not take much
notice, as he had himself apparently no great faith in the gift,
it appeared that “ something ” was done over the fire, and the ashes
of a maiden ash tree were used in some way.

Charm for the cure of Ulcers. A rather pretty charm was
used by an old woman at Charlcote, M. F., now dead. She often
got a shilling and more, for using it, but she repeated it in so lowa
voice that those who came to be cured could not hear her words ;
she told me she had used this charm for many years to cure sores
and ulcers of all kinds. She used to ask, first, “‘ Have you faith ? ”
and then to repeat the four verses of the charm :—

“Our blessed Saviour Christ was of the Virgin Mary born,
And on His head was crowned with a crown of thorn,
Which never did canker. fester, or swell,

And God Almighty grant this may do as well.”

The finger was passed round the diseased place twice, during the
repetition of the first two lines; and a third time in the opposite
direction during the repetition of the third line. While the fourth
line was said, the sign of the cross was made over the place.

Cutting a small hole in Calves’ Ears on Good Friday, to keep
away the “ Quarter-evil.”—Those readers of the Wiltshire Archa-
ological Magazine who live in country villages are probably so
familiar with this custom that it seems needless to give instances:
possibly, in some remote districts, it may be practised still.

“ Overlooking.” Many years ago, in my first curaey in Dorset-
shire—on the borders of Wilts—I went with the vicar one day to
see a sick man, and we noticed a broom, or “ besom,” lying across
the door, so that it was necessary to remove it in order to enter.
After conversation on other matters the vicar asked why that besom
had been put there in such an unusual way across the door, and
then it came out that the woman believed her husband had been

334 “ Notes on some Wiltshire Superstitions.”

“ overlooked,” bewitched ; that though she did not mind the doctor
coming if he liked, yet that no good could be done to the sick man
till she had found out the person who had overlooked him. This
broom was placed there in the firm belief that if the person who
had “ overlooked ” her husband came by, he or she would be obliged
to take it up. “ Why,” said the vicar, “ how absurd; it was the
merest chance that I did not take it up, instead of kicking it away.”
« Ah! Sir,” said the woman, “but you didn’t take it up.” So the
woman had the best of the argument.

I need hardly say that this belief in the “evil eye ” (St. Mark,
vii., 22) is not confined to Wiltshire, but as this is a letter on
Wiltshire superstitions I do not follow the matter further. Some
of your readers will, no doubt, remember stories showing how
widely-spread this belief is in Italy, in Egypt, and elsewhere, in
the present day as it was in ancient times. Virgil, in a well-known
passage (Ecl., iii, 103), refers to it; and St. Chrysostom (Hom.
xii., in I.'Cor, ad fin) ridicules the folly of nurses who used to smear
mud on the foreheads of children in order to turn away the malignant
power of the “evil eye.” I bave not lately come across instances
of belief in this power of ‘ overlooking,” but in this, as in other
cases of superstition, it is not always easy to get the peasantry to
open their minds and say what they really think before a listener
whom they suspect may be unsympathetic and unbelieving. They
are very sensitive to ridicule, and their ways of thinking and reasoning
are—as some of the above-mentioned instances may show—often
somewhat peculiar. However, we must not speak disrespectfully of
our future rulers.

Bremhill, Calne,
October 1st, 1885.

i

835

Che Charch Heraldry of Worth Wiltshire.

By A. ScHzomere, Esq.

7GHE following paper, it is hoped, will be the commencement
} of an interesting and useful register of the heraldry of the
Wiltshire Churches.

The writer would be grateful to his readers if they would kindly
send him any arms or crests which ought to be, or in former times
have been, in the Churches, such as hatchments, many of which

have now disappeared.

M.I. signifies that the coat no longer exists, or is almost illegible,
and therefore an extract has been made from the rare printed
* Monumental Inscriptions of Wiltshire ” (1820).

The hatchments of Seend have recently been placed in the parvise
over the north door, with the exception of XXI. and XXVIL,, still
in the Church; XXV. has been removed to Mr. Locke’s house.

HUNDRED OF MELKSHAM. AS,
SEEND.

Mural Tablets in the Chancel.
I.—On a fesse between three talbot’s heads erased as many quatre-
foils (Hovron) impaling sable, on a fesse wavy argent between

three plates a lion passant guardant.
For John Houlton, ob. 1704, and his wife, Mary, ob. 1730.

II.—Argent, on a bend cotised azure three cinquefoils of the field

(Awpry).
For Ambrose Awdry, ob. 1789; Christiana, his wife, ob. 1841 ;
their son, Ambrose, ob. 1842, and Hannah, his wife, ob. 1852.

III.—Awpry. (Simple bend, cinquefoils or.) Crest. Out ofa
coronet or a lion’s head erased sable.
VOL. XXII.—NO, LXVI. 2A

336 The Church Heraldry of North Wiltshire.

For Peter Awdry, ob. 1826, and his two wives, Hester, ob. 1795,
and Elizabeth, ob. 1852.

IV.—Argent, three greyhounds in pale courant sable (M.I.
Biscor) impaling; azure, between three estoiles in chief, and an
anchor in base, a bend or. (M.I. Suirrner).

For John Vincent Biscoe, ob. 1770.

V.—Biscoz. Impaling gules, two wings conjoined and inverted
or (M.I. Srymour).
For Lady Mary, first wife of John Vincent Biscoe, ob. 1762.

VI.—Barry of six, argent and gules. Crest. A man erased at
the waist drinking out of a pitcher (Huszy).
For George Husey, B.D., ob. 1741.

Mural Tablets in North Aisle.

VII.—Argent, a cross moline gules, in dexter chief a torteaux
(DuGpaLe) impaling Awpry as in ITI.
For Thomas Dugdale, ob. 1684 : and Prosper, his wife, ob. 1676.

VIII.—Per fesse argent and or, on a pale counterchanged three
falcon’s wings addorsed of the second (Locks) impaling. Or, a
chevron between three lion’s jambs gules (Powst, of Hurdcott).—
On another shield, argent, on a bend cotised sable three mullets
pierced of the field (AnDREws). Crest. A falcon, wings elevated,
in his beak a padlock or.

For Wadham Locke, ob. 1835 ; and Anna Maria Selina, his wife,
ob. 1838.

1X.—Quarterly. 1. Argent, a chevron between three marten’s
heads sable (LupLow). 2. Gules, a tree eradicated, surmounted
by a greyhound collared (Rymwer). 38. Sable, a stag’s head
caboshed, an arrow in mouth, between the attires a cross fitchee
Butstrope). 4. Azure, between nine birds two bars argent (Moore).
Crest. A marten’s head erased.

For William Heald Ludlow-Bruges, ob. 1855; and his wife
Augusta, ob. 1832.

By A. Schomberg, Esq. 337

X.—Gules, on two chevronels or between twelve escocheons, 6,
4, 2 and a lamb passant argent, seven mullets azure, in chief four
escarbuncles pomety and fleurdelisy of the second with a crescent
for difference. Crest. Out of a naval crown, sails argent and or,
a demi-lion gorged with a wreath of laurel proper, supporting a
flagstaff thereon a pennon gules (should be inscribed in gold
“'Tamatave”) (ScHoMBERG).

For John Bathurst Schomberg, B.A., ob. 1837.

XI.—Gules, a lion rampant or, a crescent for difference (Price),
impaling Argent a chevron gules between three boar’s heads erased
sable (WRouGHTON).

For Catherine, first wife of Robert Price, LL.D., Canon of Sarum,
ob. 1793.

XII.—Locxs, with crescent for difference, impaling. Argent, a
canton sable (Surron). Crest. Locxn, without the padlock.
For Wadham Locke, ob. 1799; and Anne, his wife, ob. 1889.

On South Chancel Arch.

XITI.—Vert, a fesse dancetty ermine (Somer).

For William Tipper, ob. 1651; his wife, Elizabeth, ob. 1660;
John Somner, ob. 1670 ; his wife, Mary, ob. 1666 ; Edward Somner,
ob. 1710.

On Floor of Nave.

XIV.—Somner.
For John Somner, ob. 1670; and Joan, his daughter, ob. 1665.

XV.—On a lozenge surmounted by ducal coronet, quarterly, 1
and 4. Or, on a pile gules between six fleur-de-lys azure three lions
passant guardant of the first. 2 and 3. Gules, two wings con-

joined in lure or (SrymMour). On a shield of pretence, Somner (M.I.).
For Mary, Duchess Dowager of Somerset, ob. 1768; and her
mother, Elizabeth Webb, ob. 1725.

XVI.—Dvepatz (M.I.).

For Thomas Dugdale, Senior, ob. 1669; his wife, Elizabeth, ob.

1664; Anne, wife of Thomas Dugdale, of London, ob. 1682,
242

338 The Church Heraldry of North Wiltshire.

Hatchments.

XVII.'—Per chevron gules and sable, on two chevronels or be-
tween twelve escocheons, 6, 4, 2 and a lamb passant argent seven
mullets azure, in chief four (nondescript) suns proper, (ScHOMBERG),
impaling Vert, on a chief argent two spear-heads of the field imbrued
proper (Broprick).

XVIII.—Awory (VII.) impaling sable, on a chevron between
three man’s heads crowned or as many fleur-de-lys azure. Crest.
AWDRY.

XIX.—On a lozenge, argent, on a bend cotised azure three
cinquefoils or (Awpry), impaling the same. Crest. AwprY.

XX.—Awonry (II., with crescent for difference) impaling sable,
on a chevron between three leopard’s heads crowned or as many
quatrefoils sable. Crest. Awonry.

XXI.—Argent, on a cross ermines a leopard’s face or (Bruess),
impaling azure, on a fesse argent three saltires gules (GaLz).

XXII.—The quarterly coat of Szymour, as in XV., on a shield,
and without coat of pretence. Crest. Out of a coronet a demi-
pheenix rising from flames proper.

XXIII.—Quarterly of six. 1. Or, on a pile gules between six
fleurs-de-lys azure three lions passant guardant of the first. 2.
Gules, two wings conjoined in lure or with crescent for difference
(Szymour). 38. Vaire (BEaucnamp of Hacnz). 4. Argent,
three demi-lions rampant gules (Esturmy). 5. Per bend gules and
argent, in bend three roses counterchanged (Macwitutams), 6.
Argent, on a bend gules three leopard’s heads or (Coker). Ona
shield of pretence, sable, a fret or (Matrravers), Supporters an

1 Altogether wrong; the proper blazon of the elder branch of ScHoMBERG is
per chevron gules and sable on two chevronels between twelve escocheons, 6, 4, 2
argent and a lamb passant proper seven mullets of the first, in chief four es-
carbuncles pometty and fleur-delisy or; that of X. belongs to the younger
branch, granted in 1816,

By A. Schomberg, Esq. 339

unicorn argent, crined or, and a bull azure armed and unguled of
the second, both ygorged and chained of the second. Crest as in
XXII.

XXIV.—The same as XXIII., without crest.

XXV.—Quarterly, Locks and Anprews impaling Powett, of
Hurdcott.

XXVI.—1. Argent, a chevron between three garbs sable, a
crescent for difference (BLakr). 2. Sable, two bars ermine, in
chief three crosses pattee or (Batuurst). 8. Argent sun in full
glory gules, a crescent for difference (Hurst). On the left side of
this shield is an escutcheon bearing on the sinister side the third
quartering of the above impaling of the second; on the dexter side
the first quartering impaling of the second (sic. M.I.).

XXVII.—1. Enatanp. 2. Scornanp. 38. Ilrenanp. Im-
paling Francg and Hanovsr.

Churchyard.

XXVITI.—On the right hand side of path to north door on a
marble tomb, arms and crest of Szymour as in XXII.
For Hon. and Rey. Edward Seymour, ob. 1820.

On the battlements of this Church are to be seen the following
badges:—the sickles interlaced of Huncerrorp; the knots of
Bovucuier; the rudder of WrtntoucuBy DE Broke. On the N.W.
side of north aisle, a horse’s head erased of Rocus (?). Scratched
on the north arch of the chancel behind the pulpit the badge of
Epwarp IV., viz., a rose with seven rays. On west window of
north aisle a pair of shears.

Seend, Melksham,
October, 1885.

340

Barvotus on Roundtoay Hill.

By Mr. Cunnineron, F.G.S.

de the sake of recording all that is known of the history of
\

British Barrows it is sometimes desirable to mention those

cases (by no means infrequent) in which the antiquary is
disappointed in his search for relics of the ancient burial. Two
such instances are here given.

June 18th, 1883. Barrow “d.” (Rev. A. C. Smith’s Map).
Though it had been previously opened it was thought desirable to
make further search, as no record exists of its history.

It is a round barrow of 53ft. in diameter, within a slight vallum
of about 9in. in height, and nearly 4ft. in width. Situated on rising
ground it appears to be higher than it really is. The original
height was probably not more than 3ft. On digging into it a large
cavity was found of 10ft. in length, by 73ft. wide. It contained
neither human remains nor implements of any kind. Nor were
there traces of ashes. It is probable that the large size of this
hollow may be due to ill-judged excavations, made in seeking for
treasure on the spot.

August 6th, 1884. Barrow “e.” (Rev. A. O. Smith’s Map), in
the plantation on the N.W. of Roundway Hill. The site chosen for
this barrow is remarkable, as it is situated on the most prominent
point of the hill, which, before the trees were planted, commanded
a very rich and extensive view. It isa round barrow with slight
traces of a vallum; in diameter about 52ft.,in height 3ft. It had been
opened before, the middle part having been much disturbed, and this
had been done before it was planted with trees. In the centre an
oblong rectangular cist was found, about 4ft. in length, by 20in. in
width, and 1ft. deep, in the natural chalk. Direction of the cist,
N.E. and 8.W. No remains of any kind were in it, nor were there
any ashes or other traces of the original occupier in any part of
the mound that was examined ; with the exception of a small doubly-
wrought flint flake, dug up in an undisturbed part of the barrow, at

anh

Antiquities presented by Sir Henry Hoare, Bart. 341

a depth of 2ft. The fact that human bones were formerly supposed
to be of much value for their medical properties, may account for
the removal of the skeletons from this, as well as from others of
the adjoining barrows,

Autiquitics presented by Sir Henry Hoare, Bart.

By Mr. Cunninaton, F.G.S.
(E=GHE Society is indebted to Sir Henry Hoare for a chest,
AL
Ae

received in August last, containing stone, bronze, and
other antiquities, which, having been stored away in a distant part
of the house, were overlooked when the contents of the Stourhead
Museum were removed to Devizes in 1883.

There are about seventy specimens, many of them of very early
date, others ranging down to Roman, and even Saxon times.
Among them are several of Danish origin, resembling forms which
are figured in Montelius’s “ Antiquités Suédoises,” and the general
character of the remains leads us to think that they were obtained
by Sir Richard Colt Hoare during a visit to Northern Europe, early
in his antiquarian career. The following is a catalogue of the
specimens, which are now arranged in a case in the County Museum,
where they will prove of much interest for comparison with the
general Wiltshire collection :—

Ancient Porrery.

Small rude cup, height only 1#in., similar to those found in a
barrow near Beckhampton, now in the County Museum. See en-
graving, Archeologia, Vol. XLIII., Pl. XXIX, 11.

Small cup with convex bottom, height 3in.

842 Anwiquities presented by Sir Henry Hoare, Bart.

Cup of thin reddish ware, of good form, the bottom convex. It
is skilfully made, though not on the lathe. Height 3in.

Small urn or drinking cup, of Roman period, of light grey ware,
the surface coloured black by burning in a smother-kiln. The
middle part has six well-defined vertical hollows, the foot and mouth
are circular. Height 6in.

Stone IMPLEMENTS.

Whetstone of light brown stone, perforated at one end, for sus-
pension, length 54in., width Jin.

Whetstone, perforated at one end, length 4}in., breadth 13in.

Flint dagger, 7iin. in length, the handle part squared. The
whole weapon is delicately wrought, and of fine shape—evidently
Danish. See Montelius ; figs. 45, 57.

No. 1. Well-formed hammer-axe of diorite. It has distinct
traces of having been re-ground on the cutting edge, which is quite
sharp.

No. 2. Fragment of axe-head of dolerite with erystals of de-
composed feldspar. In forming this implement no allowance was
made for cutting out the hole for the handle, and as this occupies
more than half of the entire thickness, it is not surprising that it
has been broken.

No. 3. Fragment of axe-head similar to No. 2, but of finer
grained stone. The fragment has been used for a rubber.

Celt of dense slate. This has been much worn down, having been
used both as a hammer and as a rubber.

Flint celt of flat form, the sides square—ground on the front and
back, but not on the sides. Length 5in., thickness }in. Of Danish

type.
Oxssects IN BRONZE.

Bronze diadem, or frontlet, of early date. Compare with figs,
122, 123, Montelius.

Triangular ornament of bronze, with stud to fasten to dress.

Two broad and flat pin-heads.

Two fine wrist-rings with double line of ornamentation.

By Mr. Cunnington, F.G.S. 343

Fragment of a fine tore of bronze with bold ornament.

Large bronze pin, length 6in., with flat head, having an opening
with a cross, and three loops on the top edge.

Two large arm-rings or tores.

Three large and long bronze pins, rounded heads.

Three small bronze torecs.

Three bronze rings with loops—use uncertain.

Two socketed spear or javelin-heads of different types. One of
these resembles the form figured by Montelius, 101, and is orna-
mented with fine tracery round the handle end. The other has the
socket distinct from the blade. Compare 172, &c., of same author.

Very handsome bridle chain of bronze, of seven links. Similar
objects are figured by Montelius, and by him referred to the “ iron-
age.”

Four bronze fibule, one of them 6in. in length.

Three long pins of similar design, with carefully-formed heads,
One is of bronze, in remarkably good preservation, the others are of
iron.

Fragments of five beads of rich purple glass with spiral ornaments
and round spots of white enamel.

Six earrings, formed of bronze wire twisted spirally. Some are
flat, others more or less conical.

Two earrings of bronze wire twisted spirally into a cone. Attached
to them by another wire is a delicate ring, having on it four small
enamels. These earrings were each found attached to a circular
mass of iron, much corroded.

Fine bronze wrist-ring of very handsome design.

Spiral arm-ring of bronze wire of six volutions.

Three earrings. One has a small ring of light green glass sus-
pended to it, and some traces of enamels. Another has a little ring
with three enamels on it. The third is a bronze wire cone with
enamels.

Six fragments of well-ornamented tores.

Fragment of large tore.

Seven portions of penannular brooches.

Leg broken from a bronze vase.

3.44, Antiquities presented by Sir Henry Hoare, Bart.

Handsome wrist-bracelet of bronze. The ornament consists of
parallel bands.

Four large bronze fibule.

Pair of tweezers. Razor (?)

Curious double fork, cast in bronze, the middle part so moulded
as to represent a wire twisted double.

Pin of a penannular brooch.

Two pins ornamented with bosses and inlaid enamel.

Very fine bronze dagger-head, with éwo rivets.

Bone IMPLEMENTS.

Necklace consisting of canine teeth (probably of wolf) and little
round discs of shell. It is not possible to distiuguish between the
teeth of the dog and the wolf; but teeth of the latter were used in past
ages, even by the Romans, as charms; and necklaces of these teeth
are still used by the Indians of North America, as shown in an
engraving mounted with this specimen.

A circular dise of bone.

OBJECTS MADE OF IRON.

Large iron spear-head of early form, the socket being wrought
within the blade of the weapon.
Socketed iron spear-head of ordinary form,
Socketed javelin-head.
Plate of ribbed iron with a stud at the smaller end. Part ofa
helmet (?)
Three pins of iron with cranked stems.
Iron key (?) with a swivel of bronze attached to the middle of
the shaft.
Two circular pieces of iron, having hollowed discs of the same
metal fixed round them.
Three fragments of a chain made of alternate rings of bronze and

iron.
Small cup-shaped stone (? natural).

November, 1885.

eer

Harrow at Oghonene St. Andveto’s, Wilts.

By Mr. Cunnineron, F.GS.
i] ANY of the barrows in this district are in the valleys, instead
()
(

of on the high ground, as is usual in other parts of Wilts.
The position of the one now under consideration cannot be
more than a few feet above the adjoining stream.

It is a large round barrow, situated in the north-east corner of
the churchyard; but, though within the fence, is not on consecrated
ground, but is part of the estate of King’s College, Cambridge,
and by the kind permission of the college authorities it was opened.

Few instances are known of barrows adjoining churchyards, and
some hopes had been raised that as this—like the noted instance at
Taplow—was a large barrow in a churchyard, it would on examina-
tion yield similar remarkable results; but, though some curious
facts have been brought to light, we found no “‘ Viking” at Ogbourne.

The diameter from north to south is about 85ft., but it is difficult
to obtain the dimensions, owing to the encroachments of the church-
yard on the one side, and of the boundary hedges on the other. The
height was at least 11ft., but the top had been much mutilated by
late interments.

Towards the east side, about 2ft. from the surface, two skeletons
were found; at a depth of about 3ft. six more; and many others
were subsequently discovered scattered through the barrow at about
this level; probably nearly twenty in all. They were of both sexes,
and were interred without coffins—~some of them very near each
other—in one instance the skulls touching. The orientation was
the samein all. The heads were directed, though not strictly, towards
the west. The skeletons were fairly well preserved, and were evidently
not Ancient British. They varied in the form of the skulls; one, more
elongated than the others, has been measured and found to have a
cephalic index of 72 (18.6 X 13.4). Some of the teeth were much
decayed and hollow. It is probable that these interments were of

346 Barrow at Ogbourne St. Andrew’s, Wilts.

medieval date, reaching back, perhaps, six or seven hundred years,
when it was common to bury the poorer classes without coffins. For
a long time it was customary to carry the corpse to the grave in a
coffin, when it was taken out and interred in the grave-clothes only;
the coffin being reserved for future use.

Near the centre, at a depth of 5ft., we found the skeleton of a man,
buried in astraight wooden chest, bound at the ends and at two equal
distances on the sides, with iron clamps of about ]3in. in width.
Those on the sides were split open at the top in this shape.

The skeleton measured, as it lay before it was disturbed, 5ft. 9in. —

The direction of the head was towards south-west-by-west. There
were no implements or ornaments of any kind found with it. Some
of the bones were dissolved away, especially the ribs and vertebra.
The wood of the coffin had mostly disappeared, but some fragments
were so far preserved by the iron as to lead to its being recognised at
the British Museum as fir.

The coffin was surrounded by a considerable quantity of wood
ashes, especially towards the head, to a depth of 3in. or 4in. They
are of oak wood, but the object for which they were used is un-
known.

It is probable that this interment is of Saxon date.

At a depth of 7ft. we found the burnt bones of an adult. These
were very much calcined, white, and clean; had been very carefully
picked out from the ashes, wrapped up in a woven cloth, and then
placed on a plank of wood. This was apparently rounded on the
under side, as the surface of the earth beneath was hollowed and
covered with a layer of decayed wood distinctly thicker in the
middle. The space thus occupied was 8ft. 9in. in length by 1ft. 6in.
wide, thus differing from the usual mode of cremated interments,
which are generally smaller, round, and most frequently excavated in
the chalk. In the present case it would rather appear as if the bones
had been placed on a mound raised for the purpose. The fibre of
the cloth was, of course, decomposed, but the structure can be dis-
tinctly seen, the form being accurately preserved by the carbonate
of lime with which it is covered. In the middle of the heap was a
well-made knife of black flint, unburnt, and partially encrusted with

i

By Mr. Cunnington, F.G.S8. 347

carbonate of lime. It is remarkable that the convex side of this
implement is brightly polished in minute hollowed facets, similar to
the polish that may occasionally be observed on flint implements and
pebbles which have been exposed on the surface of tiie downs.

At a distance of about a yard from this deposit a small food
vessel was discovered, with the mouth upward. Only part of it was
saved from the spade. It was rudely formed of imperfectly-burnt
clay, much resembling the surrounding earth. Enough, however,
remains to show the shape and size.

The floor of the barrow was reached about 4ft. lower, and here
were abundant traces of cremation in the wood ashes irregularly
scattered about. There were remains also, of planks of wood,
quite decayed and much impregnated with iron, and carbonate, and
phosphate of lime. In one place we found what appeared to be the
side of a trench, some 6ft. or 7ft. in length, which had been lined
with wood; it may have formed part of a cremation pit. The
changes wrought during past ages in the chemical condition of the
wood and other substances in this barrow, by the infiltration of
water, the action of the roots of adjoining trees, and other in-
fluences, are well worthy of notice, and we hope, ere long, to interest
some good chemist in the subject.

Among the remains of wood, both decayed, and in the state of
charcoal, there were numerous minute tubes produced by carbonate
of lime deposited inside the hollows left by the decay of the rootlets
of the trees which have penetrated the barrow. The cuticle of the
rootlets is apparently replaced by the carbonate of lime, and the
microscopic fibrils of these roots are thus beautifully and delicately
preserved.'! But with these there were also found other tubes of the
same material, but very different in structure. In external form
they somewhat resemble small caterpillars, divided by regular seg-
ments, but internally the structure is complicated ; and of the six

1The deposit of carbonate of lime, on the exterior of plants, &c., is a wells
known phenomenon, but we are not aware that attention has hitherto been drawn
to the encrusting of the interior surfaces of snch substances.

348 Barrow at Ogbourne St. Andrew's, Wilts.

eminent naturalists, who have seen them, neither can say to what
class they belong.!

The arrangement of the layers of which the barrow was composed
is as follows :—The surface soil was clayey, beneath this there were
about 3ft. of clayey earth mixed with much river-drift from the
adjoining meadows, then more flinty earth, and lastly, clay with
flint, to the bottom of the barrow. The latter deposit was doubtless
derived from the original soil, as it was first pared off from the
surrounding surface in forming the barrow.

A fine leaf arrow-head of dark-coloured flint was found just below
the turf, at the top of the barrow, and several interesting flint im-
plements and rubbers of sarsen stone were turned up in the course
of the excavations.

The work was carried on under the superintendence of Mr. Henry
Cunnington (on behalf of the Wiltshire Archeological Society), the
The Rev. H. Carwardine (Vicar of Ogbourne), Walter Money, Esq.,
F.S.A., Robert Tanner, Esq., The Rev. T. A. Preston, and Mr.
Cunnington, F.G.S. Several of the authorities from Marlborough
College, and other gentry of the neighbourhood, showed considerable
interest in the operations, which extended over five days—June 8th
to 12th, 1885.

ee ee ee

1 The calcareous tubes, mentioned above, were first noticed by our late friend
and coadjutor, Mr. C. Moore, in the Journal of the Geological Society, February,
1881. He did not distinguish between the two kinds of tubes, and proposed the
name Tubutella ambigua to include both. He was mistaken in supposing
that they “ belong to the freshwater deposits,” as the fact of finding them in such
abundance in this barrow fully proves.

ee ee ee

349

Obituaries. Dr. Baron and Canon Rich-Aones.’

PaMYST is with no ordinary feelings of regret that we call attention
Se K to the heavy loss the Society has sustained in the deaths of
Dr. Baron and Canon Rich-J ones; the latter of whom was one of
our most indefatigable fellow-workers for a great number of years,
a member of Committee, a Vice-President, and a very frequent con-
tributor to the pages of the Magazine: the former also an accom-
plished archeologist, who has from time to time taken part in the
proceedings of the Society, and has contributed some very valuable
articles, some of which he has read at our Annual Meetings.

The Rev. J. Baron, D.D., F.S.A., was a man of remarkable
energy and versatility, turning his active mind towards the accom-
plishment of many objects, in most of which he was eminently
successful: he was also a ripe scholar, of deep learning, and of
painstaking research. He was educated at the Islington Proprietar 4
School and at Queen’s College, Oxford, in which society he gained
an open scholarship, a rare event in those days. He took his B.A.
degree in 1838, M.A. in 1841, B.D. and D.D. in 1878, and F.S.A.
in 1879; ordained deacon 1840, and priest 1841, by the Archbishop
of York, Formerly Michel Fellow of Queen’s College, 1841-51,
he was Curate of St. Mary, Sheffield, 1840-42 ; Curate of Sparsholt
‘and Kingston Lisle, Berks, 1842; Vicar of Waterperry, Oxon,
1843-48; and was appointed Rector of Upton Scudamore in 1850.
Here for thirty-five years he laboured amongst his people, the very
estimable and beloved pastor of an agricultural parish. During his
incumbency the Parish Church has been restored, and made the very
model of what a village Church should be: then there was the
re-casting and re-hanging of the bells, which to him was a real
labour of love, inasmuch as he accomplished this very delicate work
(too often consigned to ignorant and inexperienced hands) on sound

? For some portions of the notice of Canon Jones, the Editor acknowledges
his obligations to the columns of the Salisbury Journal.

350 Obituartes. Dr. Baron and Canon Rich-Jones.

scientific principles: next was the erection of the valuable parish
clock, followed by many other important improvements, which have
been carried out either by his personal exertions or through his in-
fluence. Nor should we omit, amidst his material works at Upton
Scudamore, the building of the rectory and its admirable library
adjoining.

To pass from the substantial tokens of his energy to the intellect
which originated them, Dr. Baron has always been a prominent
figure amongst the clergy: his exhaustive reading and his great
ability could not fail to make him especially valuable in clerical
meetings, whilst his uniform courtesy and gentleness of manner won
for him the respect and affection of all his brethren. Moreover, he
has done good service to the Church by the various works he has
published, amongst which may be mentioned “ Johnson’s English
Canons,” translated from the Anglo-Saxon, published in 1858, of
which he was the editor. In 1858 he published his famous work
on ‘‘Scudamore Organs, or Practical Hints respecting Organs for
Village Churches,” and which reached a second edition in 1862.
To this work he devoted much time and attention, in the endeavour
to supply a greatly-felt need in enabling poor parishes to ‘procure
for themselves at moderate cost a sufficiently good organ. And
that in this he met with much success is well known. Specimens
of these organs may be seen in some of the Churches in our neigh-
bourhood. In 1869 Dr. Baron published “The Anglo-Saxon Wit-
ness on four alleged Requisites for Holy Communion, viz., Fasting,
Water, Altar Lights, and Incense ” ; and within the last few months
a work on the Greek origin of the Apostles’ Creed, which had
formed the subject of a paper read some time ago at a clerical
meeting, and was afterwards enlarged and issued as stated above in
book form. A perusal of this work, the preparation of which, for
the press, occupied his attention even in his failing health, shews
indirectly his sympathy with the Greek Church, with whose worship
and language he had made himself intimately acquainted.

To our own Magazine he has contributed many valuable papers.
In 1877, “On a leaden ‘ Bulla,’ found at Warminster.”! In 1878,

~ 1Vol. xvii, pp. 44—46.

Obituaries. Dr. Baron and Canon Rich-Jones. 851

“On the Study of Anglo-Saxon, and its value to the Archeologist.” ?! .
In 1882, “On some Early Features of Stockton Church, Wilts” 33
“On the Church of 8. Peter, Manningford Bruce, Wilts ”; * “On
a Sculptured Stone at Codford St. Peter, and Heraldic Stone at
Warminster” ;* “On the Early Heraldry in Boyton Church,
Wilts.”> In 1883, “On a Hoard of Gold Nobles found at
Bremeridge Farm, Westbury, Wilts” ;® with regard to the last of
which the Editor will never forget the enthusiasm which led Dr.
Baron to journey all the way from Upton Scudamore to Yatesbury
in order to exhibit, for a short half-hour, the beautiful gold nobles,
which he had then in charge.

The Rev. Canon Wiruram Henry Ricu-Jonzs, M.A., F.S.A.,
was even better known to our Society as one of its most active
members than Dr. Baron; having acted as our guide on so many
of our Annual Meetings, as well as contributed so largely to the
pages of our Magazine for so many years. Indeed, none can have
attended the General Meetings of the Society in various parts of
the county without kindly recollections of the good-humoured Vicar
of Bradford, and his interesting account of the various Churches or
other objects of antiquity to which he conducted the excursionists,
But Canon Jones was essentially a man of letters, and of literary
research, and he had made it a principal labour of his life to collect
and compare and present to the world all the original records of the
Church and diocese of Salisbury which have come down to us from
the earliest times. Gifted with marvellous patience in research and
singular sagacity of interpretation, he was indeed an expert in de-
ciphering those most interesting, but often most obscure and per-
plexing, records of the remote past which are contained in the
archives of Salisbury Cathedral, of the British Museum, and of the

1 Vol. xvii., pp. 336—346.
2 Vol. xx., pp. 107—122.
3 Vol. xx., pp. 122—137.
‘Vol. xx., pp. 188—144.
® Vol. xx., pp. 145—154.
§ Vol. xxi., pp. 121—140.
VOL. XXII,—NO. LXVI. 2B

852 Obituaries. Dr. Baron and Canon Rich-Jones.

University Libraries. To him the smallest details of the cathedral
history were matters of the keenest interest, and the spirit of the
thirteenth century was at least as familiar and natural to him as
that of the nineteenth. His unbounded veneration for that spirit
of piety in which the cathedral was founded made the working of
its principles, the distribution of its offices, the manner of its worship,
the points at which it touched and powerfully influenced the world
around it, a more absorbing study than any other history presented
to his mind. And to this concentration of his we owe those most
valuable and in every way remarkable books, the Fastz Sarisberienses,
the Osmund Register, and the Statutes of the Cathedral Church of
Sarum, this last work being edited by him in conjunction with Canon
Dayman. At the time of his death there was almost ready for
publication a work of much research, upon which the last months
of his literary life had been bestowed, dealing with the ancient
documents connected with the diocese and city of Sarum. This
work was to have been published, as the Register of St. Osmund
had been already published, in the series of Historical Documents
issued by the Master of the Rolls. It is no slight tribute to the
ability of Canon Jones that he had contrived to invest with a living
interest those by-paths of ecclesiastical antiquity which, until illumi-
nated by the flash of original genius, appear as uninviting as they are
intricate and obscure. But that Canon Jones was by no means a
man moving in only one groove, that of the ecclesiological antiquarian,
is abundantly shown by his easly proficiency in Sanscrit literature
(he was Boden scholar in 1837), by the practical character of his
work as a parish clergyman, by the active interest that he took in
all matters relating to the welfare of the poor, and by his strong
sympathy with all those forms of active work into which the energies
of the Church are being thrown under the pressure of modern re-
quirements. Though by far the greater part of his clerical life was
spent in the incumbency of Bradford-on-Avon, of which parish he

was vicar for thirty-four years, he was not without experience of.

London work, having served for ten years in that diocese previously
to his appointment by the Dean and Chapter of Bristol to the
Vicarage of Bradford. Of his literary works, in addition to those

a

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ne

x

Obituaries. Dr. Baron and Canon Rich-Jones. 853

already mentioned, we might mention the “ Domesday Book for
Wiltshire,” which he translated, and edited, and illustrated with

‘many valuable notes (1865) ; the “ Early Annals of the Episcopate

in Wilts and Dorset ” (1871) ; and, in our own Magazine, amongst
many other papers of less note, a “ History of the Parish of Brad-
ford-on-Avon ” ;! on the “ Wiltshire Possessions of the Abbess of
Shaftesbury ”;? on “The Life and Times of Aldhelm, Bishop of
Malmesbury ”;% a “ History of the Parish of All Cannings ” *;

_ “Names of Places in Wiltshire ”;5 “The Early Annals of Trow-

bridge” ;® indeed, there are few volumes of the Magazine which
do not contain contributions from his pen.

One other point we must mention, the indomitable energy with
which he fought for the restoration of the offices of the Great
Chapter, and the title of Canons, by which he maintained that its
officers should be known, in lieu of Prebendaries, as they had been
before designated: and indeed, there is a melancholy pleasure in
noting the deep satisfaction with which he greeted the announcement
of his new Bishop’s intention to begin his episcopate by summoning
the Great Chapter, for the first time in modern days, to take counsel
concerning the affairs of the Church. In that assembly Canon
Jones’s absence will be deeply felt, for, among the chief desires of
his life had been the wish to see the whole Chapter, not only digni-
fied with the title of Canons, for this by his perseverance he had
accomplished, but taking the part which he believed to be its ancient
and just inheritance, as the true council of the Bishop, and the true

centre of evangelization in the diocese. We may imagine him

leaving the world with a sort of Nunc Dimittis in the very dawn of
the day from which he hoped such great things.

To our Society his loss is irreparable, and will be long felt by all
who take an active part in its proceedings. [A.C.8.]

1 Vol. v., pp. 1—88.
2 Vol. vii., pp. 278—301.
3 Vol. viii., pp. 62—81.
4xi., pp. 1—4U; 175 —203.
5 Vol. xix., pp. 156—180 ; 253—279 ; xy., 71.
§ Vol. xv., pp. 208—234,

354

Che Anniversary General aNeeting of the Society

Of 1885

was held at the Society’s Museum, Devizes, on Wednesday, October
7th, at 3.30, p.m., for the purpose of receiving the report of the
Committee for the past year, electing the Committee and Officers
for the year ensuing, and transacting all other necessary business.

The Rev. C. W. Hony occupied the chair, and called on the Rev.
A. C. Surrn (one of the Honorary Secretaries) to read the

REPORT.

“The Committee of the Wiltshire Archeological and Natural
History Society desires to put before the Members a short report
of the proceedings of the Society during the past twelvemonths,
and of its present condition.

“The Committee has to deplore the loss of many Members;
among whom should be specially mentioned Mr. Locke (of Rowde-
ford), who has not only been a Member from the formation of the
Society in 1853, but also for many years past—and until the day of
his death—held the office of Treasurer of the Society. We have
lost another Original Member in Mr. Jacob Phillips, of Chippenham;
and Members of old standing in Mr. Darby Griffith, the Rev.
H. A. L. Grindle, the Rev. J. Baron, D.D., F.S.A., Rector of Upton
Scudamore, and the Rev. E. H. M. Sladen, the two latter accom-
plished archzologists, and occasional contributors to the pages of
the Magazine. Amongst others we have also lost the late Bishop
of Salisbury, and Mr. George Morrison; and, quite recently, Mr.
George Alexander, of Westrop House, Highworth, a Local Secretary
of the Society from its inauguration.

“Tn addition to these and other losses by death, we have to
lament the resignation of several Members, but in this we are only
sharing the lot of almost all kindred societies, which are generally
suffering, more or less, from the depression of the times. The

The Anniversary General Meeting of the Society. 855

number of names now on the books amounts to three hundred and
forty-two, being a decrease of nineteen since last year.

“As regards the out-door work of the Society, a thorough ex-
amination has been made of the large mound abutting on the
churchyard of Ogbourne St. Andrew, chiefly under the direction of
the Messrs. Cunnington, from whom we are expecting a full report
in the Magazine.1 There has been, as the Members are aware, no
General Meeting of the Society, for excursions, this year.

“Tn respect of publication, the Society has not only put forth the
two numbers of the Magazine, which are now its general annual
issue; but has also made a large venture, and expended nearly all
of its available capital, in re-publishing the Rev. A. C. Smith’s
“ British and Roman Antiquities of North Wilts” (a large portion
of the first edition having been unhappily destroyed by fire). To
this the Committee was led by the liberal offer of the Rev. T. A.
Preston of the presentation of three hundred sets of the sheets of
the large map of ‘ One Hundred Square Miles Round Abury.’

* Financially, but for the extraordinary expenditure above-men-
tioned, the balance in hand would have been increased by some £25,
thanks in great measure to the handsome sum of £21 forwarded as
the net proceeds of the very successful Meeting at Shaftesbury last
year. The accumulated balance of the Society amounts to about £70.

“Tt remains to urge upon the Members of the Society generally
continued exertions in bringing to light and recording the objects
of interest which from time to time reveal themselves throughout
the county; and we may, perhaps, at this time especially entreat
the Local Secretaries to exert themselves in their respective localities,
in inviting new Members to join the Society, and to fill up the
measure of our former Members. This is the more to be desired,
inasmuch as a diminution of Members means a diminution of
income; and while, on the one hand, without sufficient funds the
work of the Society is necessarily hampered and restricted, on the
other hand, there is ample work for the Society to do for many a
year to come, before the antiquities of Wiltshire are brought to

1 See above, pp. 345—348,

356 The Anniversary General Meeting of the Society.

light, and the natural history of the county, in all its branches, is
developed.”

The adoption of the report having been moved,seconded and carried,
it was proposed by Mr. Grtiman, seconded by Mr. Bett, and unani-
mously agreed to, that all the Officers of the Society be re-elected.

The Rev A. C. Smita then called attention to two vacancies in —

the list of Local Secretaries, that at Highworth, through the la-
mented death of Mr. Alexander, and that at Marlborough by the
early departure from the county of the Rev. T. A. Preston. To
both of those gentlemen the Society was much indebted: Mr.
Alexander had been in the early years of the Society a most regular
attendant at their: Annual’Meetings, at which his acquaintance with
architecture was oftentimes of great service: and Mr. Preston had
in many ways contributed to the work of the Society, and could be
very ill spared by it. He was on the point of leaving Marlborough
for an incumbency in a northern county, and he would carry with
him the best wishes as well as the hearty thanks of the Wilthire
Archeological Society. To fill up these two vacancies, Mr. Smith
desired to propose two gentlemen who would, he was satisfied, do
good work for the Society: these were, Mr. Robert Elwell, of
Highworth, for that place ; and Mr. Charles Ponting, of Lockeridge,
for Marlborough. Both these gentlemen were prepared to work in
their respective localities for the Society, and he cordially recom-
mended them to the Society. Mr. Medlicott seconded this pro-
position, which was carried unanimously, and with a vote of thanks
to the chairman, the business was brought to a close.

Donations to atluseum and Hibrarp.
The Committee feel great pleasure in acknowledging the receipt of
the following articles, presented to the Society.

By Dr. Srevans :—A handsome collection of Paleolithic Flint Implements.
By Sin A. Mater, Bart :—“ Notices of an English Branch of the Malet Family,
by Arthur Malet.”

78 JAN 1686 END OF VOL. XXIL

H, F. BULL, Printer and Publisher, 4, Saint John Street, Devizes,

+.

Just Published, by the Wiltshire 4’ cheeological and
Natural History Society, One V lume, Atlas 4to,
248 pp., 17 large Maps, an¢ )°» Woodcuts, extra

cloth.
SECOND EL « JN CF

The BRITISH a,:d ROMAN
ANTIQUITIES of ie NORTH
WILTSHIRE DOWNS,

An a Bundved Square elves roond Abury :
BY THE
REV. ALFRED OHARLES SMIT’, 2.A,

Rector of Yatesbury, Wilts, Hon. Sec. of the Wiltshire Archeolv,ical and
Natural History Society; Author of “The Attractions of the Nile,” “A
Spring Tour in Portugal,’ “A Modern Pilgrimage through Palestie,”

fc., fe.

ii work, the materials of which have been accumulating for twenty-five

years, is the result of innumerable rambles and rides over the Downs of
North Wiltshire, and deals with one of the most important Archeological Dis-
tricts in Europe.

It consists of a large quarto volume, containing an account of all the Barrows,
Camps, Roads, Dykes, Enclosures, Cromlechs, Circles, and other British and
Roman Stone- and Harth-works of a most primitive district, with references to and
extracts from the best authorities, as well as figures of many of the various urns
and other objects found in Barrows, views of Cromlechs, plans of Camps, &e.
Bound up with this volume, in sections, are maps, printed in six colours, on the
scale of six linear inches, or thirty-six square inches, to a mile, comprising one
hundred square miles round Abury, and including thirteen miles from east to
west and eight miles from north to south, being the great plateau of the North
Wiltshire Downs, on which all the antiquities are shown and may readily be
found, and referred -to by means of letters and figures. An Index Map, on the
scale of one inch to ‘the mile. coloured, numbered, lettered, and divided like the
Large Map, accompanies the volume.

This is a reprint, undertaken by the Wiltshire Archeological and Natural
History Society, in consequence of more than one-third of the first edition having
been destroyed at the binders’ in the great fire in Paternoster Row in 1883.

The work can be obtained from the Financial Secretary of the Society,
Mr. W. Nort, 15, High Street, Devizes; or from the following Booksellers :
Mr. H. F. Butt, 4, Saint John Street, Devizes; Messrs Brown, Canal,
Salisbury ; and Mr. Bernard Quagirca, 15, Piccadilly, London;

Price £2 2s.

Members of the Wilts Archzological Society may obtain one copy ea7h a’
£1 lls. 6d. per copy until 31st December, 1886, on application to Mr. N-*.

ENTS

- OR THE SALE OF THR

: mst MAGAZINE,

i C. T. Jerrertes & Sons, Redcliffe Sticak.

a ...... A. Heata & Son, Market Place.

. F. Houtston, High Street.
T. Harmer, Market Place.

F. Burr, St. John Street.

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4 _ Croncester.......+-
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R
A.
H.

ae sisceeeee BRowN & Co., Canal.
owbridge. wueeeee B. Lanspown & Sons, 11 Silver Street.

H. F. BULL, PRINTER, DEVIZES.

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